. S\On ory Poe SK ~AS SOAR WINS Eee. © ANNO \S Seabahy CONN so i A AX SiS XS Si @ SANG LOY \ CLASS WK a As Sanat Uk Pea dy ; foe 2. Abele ei a LANG ce bad al Svar aiSONIAN INSf1TULTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Nee. DO. PART Td: WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 191012: ~ a! SN a ADE We es A ee Oa a > eS te ~~ ro rit BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA: KA DECORIETIVE, CATALOGUE OF THE HIGHER GROUPS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, FROM THE ARCTIC LANDS TO THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA, THE WEST INDIES AND OTHER ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, AND THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. BY RoBERT RIDGWAY, CURATOR, DIVISION OF BIRDS. Parr Ll. Family TANAGRIDA—The Tanagers. Family ICTERIDA—The Troupials. Family C@REBIDA—The Honey Creepers. Family MNIOTILTIDA—The Wood Warblers. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1902: ’ —. = or ‘Of } MiSBUN Sh een Aue Es The present volume is the second of a series which will probably require eight volumes for completion. It contains the following fami- lies: Tanagride (Tanagers), Icteride (Troupials), Coerebide (Honey Creepers), and Mniotiltidee (Wood Warblers). Part I, issued in 1901, included the Family Fringillide (Finches) alone. Part III, which is well under way, will include the Motacillide (Wagtails and Pipits), Hirundinide (Swallows), Vireonide (Vireos), Ampelidee (Waxwings), Ptiliogonatidee (Silken Chatterers), Dulidee (Palm Chatterers), Laniidee (Shrikes), Corvidee (Crows and Jays), Paride (Titmice), Sittidee (Nuthatches), Certhiide (Creepers), Troglodytidee (Wrens), Cinclidee (Dippers), Chameeiide (Wren-tits), and Sylviide (Kinglets, etc.), and will probably go to press some time during the present year. The remaining volumes are all in a more or less advanced stage of prepara- tion, and it is hoped that these may follow at the rate of two a year. Acknowledgments for the loan of material for use in the prepara- tion of the present volume are due to the persons and public institu- tions mentioned in Part I (pages xii, x11), and also to Dr. A. K. Fisher, Mr. William Palmer, and Mr. Paul Bartsch, of Washington, District of Columbia. Both Dr. Fisher and Mr. Palmer should have been mentioned in Part I in this connection, and the inadvertent omission of their names is much regretted. Most of the measurements of specimens for the present volume were made by Mr. J. H. Riley, Mr. Sidney S. Wilson, and Miss Frances E. Swett. RoBert Rrpeway. SEPTEMBER 6, 1902. 2 Pe, PSE OF CONTENTS: Faminy TANAGRIDS. The Managernvsen css = ss0 8 Kewstosunes Generaotelanagn deen See sae ae ae SNe marcia sk oe w/o Genus 1. Chlorophonia Bonaparte Key to the Species of Chlorophonia 1. Chlorophonia occipitalis (Du Bus) 2. Chlorophonia callophrys (Cabanis) Genus 2. Euphonia Desmarest Key to the Species of Euphonia 9 4. Euphonia musica ( 3. Euphonia elegantissima (Bonaparte ) (Gimelitn)) So s¢ssecscae 5. Euphonia sclateri Sundevall 6. Euphonia flavifrons (Sparrman) Euphonia anne C 8. Euphonia fulvicrissa Sclater 9. Euphonia gracilis (Cabanis ) 10. Euphonia luteicapilla (Cabanis) 11. Euphonia affinis (Lesson ) 12. Euphonia minuta humilis (Cabanis ) 13. Euphonia godmani Brewster 14, Euphonia hirundinacea Bonaparte 15. Euphonia crassirostris Sclater 16. Huphonia gouldi Sclater—.--...-.---..--.- ASST mer yb en eee ee Cenicto as Lair Miphonia Bonaparte 2222. cos oe sees 2 cee eee eee oe 17. Pyrrhuphonia jamaica ( Linnzeus ) Genus +. Buthraupis Cabanis 18. Buthraupis arceei Sclater and Salvin 19. Buthraupis czeruleigularis Cherrie Genus Calas pizan Graves er eam eee ere ne mi eee beeen ene Sea e ae Key to the Species and Subspecies of Calospiza Adwmm@alospizanicterocephala Bonaparte)! s22- 252555252 oeces ols. eee. : Pie Calospzanionda tloriday(Sclater and Salvin) -2 25002... 02522255 0.22 22. Calospiza florida arceei Ridgway 23. Calospiza guttata chrysophrys (Sclater) 24. Calospiza cabanisi (Sclater)........---.--- 25. Calospiza gyroloides ( Lafresnaye) 26. Calospiza lavinia (Cassin ) 27. Calospiza dowii (Salvin) 28. Calospiza larvata larvata (Du Bus) 29. Calospiza larvata fanny (Lafresnaye) (Gorn chee at eres 31. Calospiza cucullata (Swainson) 32. Calospiza versicolor (Lawrence ) 9 30. Calospiza inornata Genus 6. Tanagra Linnzeus Onan 12 13 15 15 a 18 19 20 21 23 24. 25 28 29 9 o bl 32 33 34 34 36 Qn of 39 40 40 2 45 46 46 47 49 51 52 53 54 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Key to the Species of Tanagra- 92-23-22 eee eee 3a.) Lanagns calla SO WelbsOn=>-e.4seo—5-=— eee 34. Tanagra palmarum melanoptera (Sclater) ----- 35. ‘Tanacra abbas LichtenStemi. (2222s. 2 Genus 7. Spindalis Jardine and Selby.....-.-.----.--- Key to the Species and Subspecies of Spindalis ....-.-- 36. Spindalis nigricephala (Jameson) -.......------ 37. Spindalis portoricensis (Bryant) -....---.-.-.-- 38. Spindalis multicolor (Vieillot)-......-...----- 39. Spindalis pretrer (Lesson)... =. 25522 eee 40. Spindalis zena zena (Linneeus) .--....--------- 41. Spindalis zena townsendi Ridgway..-....------ 42. Spindalis benedicti Ridgway -.--.--..----..-- 43:;Spindalis salvini-Cory.- 22k oretele ee ee GenusiS: Piranga Vieillot? ss) qe ae eee Key to the Species and Subspecies of Piranga.....--.-..- 44. Piranga rubra rubra (Linnzus)/...2..2-.--22- 45. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway.---.-.-------- 46) Piranea hepatica swallsom =22=e eee s== eee ee 47. Piranga testacea testacea Sclater and Salvin..-- 48. Piranga testacea figlina (Salvin and Godman). - 49, Piranga erythromelas (Vieillot) .......-.----- 50, -kiranea, ludoviciana (Wilson) = so2se— eee 51. Piranga bidentata bidentata Swainson......--- 52. Piranga bidentata flammea: Ridgway .--.-.----- 53. Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta (Lafresnaye) - 54. Piranga roseo-gularis roseo-gularis Cabotss=---— 55. Piranga roseo-gularis cozumele Ridgway ------ 56. Piranga leucoptera leucoptera Trudeau .....--- 57. Piranga leucoptera latifasciata Ridgway .....-- 58. Piranga erythrocephala (Swainson).---.------ Genus 9. Heterospingus Ridgway -.-...---.-----.---- Key to the Species of Heterospingus .....2..:2.-<----- 59. Heterospingus xanthopygius (Sclater) --.....- 60. Heterospingus rubrifrons (Lawrence) .---.---- Genus 105 Hemithraupis!Cabamisesess= a= eee 61. Hemithraupis chrysomelas (Sclater and Salvin) Genus 11. Ramphocelus Desmarest’_-...-..-.:-------: Key to the Species and Subspecies of Ramphocelus. - - - 62. Ramphocelus passerinii Bonaparte. ..----.---- 63. Ramphocelus costaricensis Cherrie.......----- 64. Ramphocelus chrysopterus Boucard....---.---- 65. Ramphocelus icteronotus Bonaparte -..-.------- 66. Ramphocelus inexpectatus Rothschild... .-.--- 67. Ramphocelus festee Salvadori _--.-..---------- 68. Ramphocelus dunstalli Rothschild. .....--.-.--- 69. Ramphocelus luciani Lafresnaye...-....------ 70. Ramphocelus dimidiatus dimidiatus Lafresnaye 71. Ramphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus Ridgway. . - Ramphocelus dimidiatus limatus (Bangs) -.. - - Ramphocelus uropygialis Bonaparte. ---..--.--- Genus 12. Phlogothraupis Sclater and Salvin.......--- 74. Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta (Lesson) --.-- ~~ - Genus:13; -Lanio Vielllot=-2 =o eee bo . ‘ ‘ Ww = Io sy ST ST ST om a ok NW NW © ~ como OOOOH OO OO WO OO sl OO COD dD WH DO aI D —& w O 101 102 103 103 104 104 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 115 114 115 115 115 116 118 119 119 120 120 122 E> TABLE OF CONTENTS. Key to the Species of Lanio 75. Lanio aurantius Lafresnaye 76. Lanio leucothorax Salvin 77. Lanio melanopygius Salvin and Godman Genusa4> Pheenicophilus Strickland. —..............--2sc2-2-.5- Meytomue species ori meemicophilus::_ 22.22.5602 Ses. soe et bee eee fen Pheemecophilus-palmarum: (Linnzeus) -> 2. ..25...5<..22..5-1-5..22 3 79. Pheenicophilus poliocephalus (Bonaparte ) cnn a iach pMOnusay TellOb eso. co: ofS. 22 Ssh eae Je Sooke ssa el ee See 80. Tachyphonus rufus ( Boddaert ) 81. Tachyphonus luctuosus Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny 82. Tachyphonus axillaris Lawrence....--.-.-.-. Boss Macha MONMs MItICISsIMMUS SAVIN =o) 0 poe ck eee eects ese as ot lachypbonus delattril Watresmaye: = 5.224.522.2225 22-0-b2e-.- 2 enisela lea COMicbls OC lpek eae sme taser tenes Soe Yao ge eee ee hee Key to the Species and Subspecies of Hucometis...........-.---..---------- SHAM COMeLIGKGIstetay OL) Ue SUS es ap epee ee ey ease ote a See Cm 7. Eucometis spodocephala pallida Ber GO ALS OSES VSS SE la ie A Poe 88. Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax Berlepsch 6. Eucometis spodocephala spodocephala (Bonaparte ) - - - - - Scouse. Phesmicouraupis CAaWANIBS-< 25-2 osnccntee Nas So--2ss32 loss Jee ce Key to the Species and Subspecies of Phcenicothraupis -.....-..-.----.----- 89. Phoenicothraupis rubica rubicoides (Lafresnaye) gway 90. Pheenicothraupis rubica nelsoni Rid 91. Phcenicothraupis rubica vinacea (Lawrence ) 92. Pheenicothraupis rubica affinis (Nelson) 93. Phoenicothraupis rubica rosea (Nelson ) 94. Phoenicothraupis salvini salyini Berlepsch 95. Phoenicothraupis salvini littoralis (Nelson ) 96. Phoenicothraupis salvini discolor Ridgway 97. Pheenicothraupis salvyini peninsularis Ridgway... -.------ 98. Pheenicothraupis salvini insularis (Salvin ) 99s Eheeni cothratpis tuscicaudaCabamisis: =. 2.22522. 22s5252 52252222 - Conusws CMloroumrailpisshiGeway sj... -2-s- 62-520 se se Seed sete Sees ees Keyatoune species oh Chilorothraupists.o.2))- 222-42 55-s ees co cin eee nn eee - OO Chl orothraupisiolivaceai(@assim) eres. 25 ste aoe See eel. ey 101. Chlorothraupis carmioli (Lawrence ) emia ston \ CoOnMIg aS Clvee sao nat cies So so Sg sss elon ete Ss OZawN esospineus speculiterusnlawremce sie oes cke ere newest. = a ipemna anno MorospingusiCAOAMIG. jaccaec- cee ote cece s lk} 22S. jot seek 102. Chlorospingus olivaceus (Bonaparte) i) 340 On LOS DUNG sepOStOCUaris Ca banIs 5.2 ts 2 Ss) ss oe ee wee se 104. Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (Du Bus) 105. Chlorospingus sumichrasti Ridgway 106. Chlorospingus albifrons Salvin and Godman 107. Chlorospingus albitempora (Latresnaye ) MiSs Cinorospineud pileatus Salvin. ..4 5.52.2... 5- 2-6 +2 5-8 ee e+ ee 109. Chlorospingus punctulatus Sclater and Salvin 116. Chlorospingus olivaceiceps Underwood. ..-.. 111. Chlorospingus hypophieus Sclater and Salyin Genus 21) -Mitrospingus Ridgway.-.2.025-22--2-2-4.5----- as 112. Mitrospingus cassini (Lawrence) - - - Ix Page. 122 123 124 125 126 127 127 128 129 130 130 32, 134 136 136 138 138 139 139 140 . 141 141 142 144 145 146 147 147 148 149 150 151 152 152 154 154 154 155 156 156 157 158 159 160 160 162 162 163 165 166 166 167 167 168 xX TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Faminy Icrenrpa: “The Troupials. 2. 222 ce es ween eee ee ae 169 Key ‘to: the Genera ‘of Icteridee’. 3.2 2220 ee ee re ee ee ee 173 Genus 1. Zarhynchus Oberholser. -~ 22-24 ce ee ae ee ee 175 1. Zarhynchus wagleri;wagleri (Gray) 52-202 ee = ee eee ee 176 2. Zarhynchus wagieri mexicanus Ridgway --.---..---.-..---.---------- 178 Genus*2.”Gymmnostinops | SClaten cr seers ie oe re 178 Key to the Species of Gymnostnops-=-2. 222-2 ae eee 179 3. Gymnostinops:montezuma (Lesson) «722225255522 2a ee- sce ,, 180 4. Gymnostimops cassini Richmond:;~ 2h ee ee ee ee 181 5. Gymnostinops guatimozinus (Bonaparte) -............-.........---- 182 Genus 3.* Ostinops, Cabanas. to 228 Vek eS ee) er ee ee 183 6. Ostinops decumants (Pallas) = <2 a ee ee 184 Genus 4; Cacicusshacépedes. 22 2. oo eee eee ee ee eee metas 186 Key. tothe: Species! of; @acictis:: 22. 2 e ene eee ee ee eee ee ee 188 ae Cacicus: vate lms) Wavy e nce cir eae ee ee 188 8. Cacicus microrhynchus (Sclater and Salvin) .._.._...-1-...----....- 189 Genus 5. -Cassicalus Swainson 20255: 2a) eos es eee ee eee 190 OMCassiculus mel anictertiss (8 omapa ne) yee ee ee ee 191 Genus 'G. -Amblyeercus’Cabanis: 55 ea eee oe see rene eee eres Sen Oe 10: Amblycercus,holosericeus (ichtenstein))= 32232 sees ee see cone 194 Genus 7.’ 'Cassidix Lesson] .5 oe So seas ee ee i ee a ae 196 Key onthe Subspecies of @assidixvory zi Oras = eee 197 11: Cassidix oryzivera, Wolea Bangs: 2254 22 ae a ee eee one 197 12. Cassidix oryzivora mexicana, (uessom)). S532 ee eee ae oe 199 Gents.8;..Callothrus Cassin 22. 2 see | ee eee ei ee ee 200 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Callothrus........-...--....-----.---- 201 13.: Callothrus:-robustias*( Oabanis)ic2 22. ses sere ae eee cone eects 201 14.° Callothrus:zeneuseeneus'( Wagler) 3h oee oe ee bee ee ee se es 203. 16.. Callothrus. seneus assimuliss Nelsons 5+ ate Se eee ee en eee eee eee 204 Genus) 9s Molo thimusS wa som sess eee ere re 205 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Molothrus .--......-..---.-----.------ 207 16: Molothrusiater:saten(Boddsent) mss == see ae = eee eee 207 ive Molothrus ater obseummusie (Guieliny) es see aes eee ee ee 210 18 Molothrustatronittenss(Cabants) ies =e ee eee eee 21 Genus 10:, Quiscalus: Vieillots S232 ee ee ee ee 212 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Quiscalus.-.........--.--------------- 214 195 Quiscalus quisculaceuiscnla: ((iinmeens)) ee. 2 eee ere 215 20;, Quiscalus’quiscula agleeus\ (Baird )J2 0225) 2282 Sees ee 217 21. Quiscalus quiscula) ceneus;) (Rid&way)ss- esses. esse = ke ee 219 Genus. Hologuiscalus(Cassin 222-2 =e Gee ee ee nee se eee 222 Key to the Species. of Holoquiscalus: 3327s. 225. 2222 bo oe eee 224 22: Holoquisealus cundlachis (Cassin) 3.220 eee See eee 226 23. Holoquiscalus) jamarcensis= (Danicim) tess see eee 227 24- Holoquiscalus niger, ((Boddaext)) a2. == 2 a eee eee eae 228 25. Holoquisealus-brachypterus (Cassin 22. 2225-593 5.0o0 see SU ee eee _ 228 26. Holoqmiscalusicaymanensis (Cony) 2225-22 see ee ae eee 229 2(.- HLoloquiscalusstortinostrisy (aan nemee) = a= re sia a etre 229 28: Holoquiscalus infiexirostris: (Swainson) == sess ss se ees 230 29. Holoquiscalusymartinicensisshid oy ayes ee ae ee 231 30. Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis (Lawrence). .....---.-+.-.----------- 232 ol) Holoquiscalus luminosus (lawrence)|-saseeree = ssae ea ear 232 32. Holoquiscalus:rectirostris’ (Cassim) 2.2 42e eee eee eee 233 Genus 12" Mesaquiscalus @assin= 25/252 Sao ee one See eee eae eee 233 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Key to the Species and Subspecies of Megaquiscalus ..............-...-.---- Meraiqmiseatus major major: (Vieillot’)<.2. 222.222 s225 2051 se. Megaquiscalus major macrourus (Swainson).._.............--.----- Mecaqiiscalustmayormobpscurus: (Nelson) 225022222 2-2 hele et 30. 34. 00. 36. Bic 38. 39. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Megaquiscalus major graysoni (Sclater) Megaquiscalus major nelsoni Ridgway Megaquiscalus tenuirostris (Swainson) .......__- Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis (Salvin and Godman) .......-.....-.-- evuusdoxscolecophagsusiswaMmson 222-225. 820 222 2st Pcs ak iMevatomuncrspecies Ol ceglecoplaguss =. 5.025.213.) sk ete eke Meocolecophnacusicdrolmus (Magller)! 262 28S 22 feo. 2 lef. Yee Hiascolecophapus eyanocephalus (Wagler)s. 0.2.00. 222222522222 22.22-4 remus siewloxena Whapmamen 5-9-2226 oonee 2 a2 52s. k eed elt eel. ok Ha etloxenasatronrolacess((D}Orbigniyn)= 2) 22 = 2 fee ee Cooney eb ces Cussler oo Sas te ee ce Oh RN AS DIiNes) Civesm (Lichtenstein Wass sss. os coeis eases ee csc e ee es we eee (Cems w Ome GLEnUGP BD TISSO Meee eee ne os eee ee eee wk SS oe Mevaconueispecies and oubspecies of lecterus .222.2. 222202222 -2-2 828222 <2: Ieterus Icterus Ieterus Icterus Teterus Icterus Tcterus Ieterus Icterus Ieterus Ieterus Icterus Ieterus Ieterus Icterus Ieterus Ieterus Iecterus Icterus Ieterus Icterus Icterns Teterus Teterus Teterus Icterus Icterus Ieterus Teterus Ieterus Teterus Teterus Ieterus Teterus Ieterus UCLE RTI SE GleimMMesIS) penne aes eee lee aye elec re tet be ae UKE Lie OWeTIn ARCH CC maaan se yom er cages Se Te SSeS te NS. NOTA UU eed ev U SE © ASS Ieee peters = ee ee peng AN ee hg a Tees THORELEC Ole Ad LC Timea ae meee hoe Sophy era wees espe Bet Wide tig OC ite Lipemeyee mee Aoee a. Sh Bey i RS os” Se 2. pLOstinemelas: (Nerickland) eee. 2 ee = ae ect Sek hip pOMe Lene OnaAparie Po tease 2 ee See as SS 8 POELOTICEeNSis: Cry aint) ee ope ae ee ee hee ee. omMMIGensiss GMM eS) ees ae ere ee ee ee ee we PoUG eta Mliceoielatetente: so ere rare a LE SE TS Le ee So Uti sa ME Mee IS) em amma eae a ae as ave Ee en Ne Granade CUUATIESUS)) ee nee eee ee ct 5 en er tee Es melanocephalus melanocephalus (Wagler)......------------ melanocephalusiaudubomi(Giraud))-- 222-2... 222.222s2-2 222 pectoralichpectonalise(\Waclem)\rsss 2 a8: oe yr eet eee pectonalishesmmmachiwkidow aye =.= 9 ee eee gulanishoullanisn@Waclen passe sees cr escee cake Sei eee SUlarigntam amlipensisenidowaye=22 0.625505 2 wae eee ee sculanispyucatanensism@benlepsches.- 2... 0. -ee ase se aoe woe cucullatus*cucullatus Swainsones-- 222-5222. ee ee cacullatusisenmetiny Ride way == soos 2 2. SOS LS cen iamismelsonieidowaywecse-. 36 Ue. sh ees See CuCHIALUSH eMeUSERIG Cwevaeee ye ece EE a ee eee GueullagushcozumelzeNelsonpyses=s fees a2 28 se oe) ee cueullatiusrduiplexussNelsonttse seu e 2 so ee eee CUMAU CUE OAC ea ener eae eee eee ent ae a Sud lanensispumcenvOodPases= 1222625505 sock sae socseeee Our Storbll Ech scan (ANG os eh ga pee i a ee a Reldtenine aaciten Seek eee Cee eee Le Soe Soo Ske SiON IIe ©ASSuiee ee seme ee Aa ak ede SS. ATUL DOUS Es OITA 0 ALG wee eer as ene a Ok ASUS Oe oo Ra SMP OOLMUSeXaMEMOnmUisy (Gqnelin) yeas ae Scie see eo ee SAM NOLMMS CULAIOCUSIS MIC OW alr see ee eae = mere lGueopterexa aWeelen aaa te #2 Fe 2 One 2 a ek le ek Lethon Gia Clie Coisyameyeemmen yee ae ee sera eeu Nene oe Hie ie XE Page. 235 236 238 241 241 242 243. 244 244 245 246 248 251 202 253. 254 255 207 263 265 265: 266: 267 269 271 212 273 274 275 279 280 282 283 284 284 286: 287 287 289 290: 291 292 292 293 295 295 297 298 299 300 303 303 305 AIT Mas 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86 87. 88. 89. 90. Ole 92. 95. 94. 95. 96. iis 98. 99. 100. Genus 101 Genus 102 Genus 105. Genus Icterus bairdi Cory Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phoeniceus Agelaius phceniceus Agelaius phoeniceus 18. Nesopsar Sclater TABLE OF CONTENTS. Icterus mesomelas mesomelas (Wagler) ..-.--.--------------------- Teterus mesomelas sal vimiie (Cassin) ss ee ee ee Icterus parisorum{Bonapanter seer =e ee ee Teterus galbula:(mmnesens) Se eee Icterus bullockua(Swalnsomn)) tases see ee Agelaius pubernator’ grandis (Nelson) 23-2 => 2s eee ke phoeniceus, inmeeus))- = eee ee ee eee foridanuse\aynard 9 see ee bryantizRidewaryes. oss a= =e ee er ee mee richmondiaNelsone 252 en a eee ener ee sonoriensis Ridgeway 35 s-n 4 fase re oe ee fortis Rid Waly css en eee eee aes neutralissRiGeway . <22) S22 eee 488 26. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora-(Coues)-.........-..--.--------- 490 27. Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra (Brewster) ......-.-.....-.--.---- 491 28. Compsothlypis pitiayumi insularis (Lawrence) -.........------------- 492 29. Compsothlypis graysoni bidgway.-s2.- 2+ se ssess = eee ae ae 492 (cenus ‘8: -Pencedramus:Coules: 52". oe ee ee ee a 493 20. Peucedramus olivaceus'( Giraud) 2222223: oan = ee seem AOA Genus'9: Dendroica Gray. 2) - oS See ee ee ee ee ees 496 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Dendroica .......-..-.---------------- 499 S15 Wend roles sesth ve, ses th vate Gurnee) eee es 508 32. Dendroica sstiva sonorana Brewster\-__2--2 222 oe ee 512 33) Dendroica cestiva dugesi: (Coale)eess-- ee ean aa eee 513 34 Dendroica: estiva rmbiginosa (Pallas) sere ae eee 514 35. Dendroiea petechia petechia (Linnieus) 2:52 2 2oee eee oe ee 515 36., Dendroica, petechia auricapilla, Ride ways eee ee eee ae ee 517 ov... Dendroica petechiastlaviceps:| Chapmantes: === === ee =e 517 38. Dendroica petechia bartholemica Sundeyall -........----.----------- 518 39. Dendroica petechia gundlachi’( Baird) se2es- oe eee eee =» 520 40: Dendroicaspetechiaaureola((Gould))) 2 see seseeeee = eee 521 A Dendroica ruticapulla, wadiearpollley (Girne limi. |e ee 523 42. Dendroica ruficapilla rufivertex Ridgway. .-=---222252.-.2-2abse- see 524 43. Dendroica nuficapillaflavadan (Cony) pase e see soa ee 524 44, Dendroica ruficapilla rufopileata Ridgway ------.-.----------------- 525 45, Dendroica ruficapilla capitalis’(bawrence))222 ==. -- 256 eee ee 526 46;; Dendroica rufiguia Baird i220 22 o226 2-82 e see ee eee 526 Ay; Dendroica erithachorides! Baird) = fase == aan ee ee ae eee 527 48. Dendroica bryanticbryantionidewaly = e= eo === eee ee 529 49. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway ---...--------------------- 530 50: Dendroica.eoa' (Gosse): i252. hese se eee ee eee: 2 oe ee 531 Dl. Dendroica maculosa, (Gimelin))-22 eee ane ao 5382 52) Dendroicattigrima(Gmaelim) 22s se oe So ae ee 537 d5-, Dendrorea carbonata) (Audubon): sso. oe a ee 540 54. Dendroica cerulescens czerulescens (Gmelin) -.-----.--------------- O41 5p. Dendroi¢aeserullescens, cairnsi« Cones s-—) == ess eae eee 545 56. Dendroica coronata(innzeus)!= 2522. 2a ee eee 546 57. Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend).....-.---.-------------- 551 58. Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons (Brewster) --.--..------------------- 595 59. Dendroica auduboni goldmani (Nelson) ...--....-.----------------- 556 60.. Dendroica’ nigrescens (Townsend) -=-- oe 2) 42-5 =e ee eee 596 61, Dendroica townsendin(owmsend)) pase eee eee 559 62: Dendroica svirens) (Gmelin) eee se ee a ee eee 562 63. Dendroica chrysoparia Sclater and Salvin .......-.--..------------- 565 64. Dendroica occidentalis;(Lownsend))s-- 6. ee eee eee eee eee 567 65. Dendroica fara, (Wilson) 2-35 22 ee ae eee ee 570 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 66. Dendroica blackburniz (Gmelin)... - Oe Dendroica domunica, dominica: (Linnseus))..2 225 .S2..22 03. 2 sek ck ek 68. Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgway oS © Dendroica graciv graciz Coues ...... Dendroica gracive decora Ridgway ..- - Dendroica adelaide Baird........._- Tio ts aI. Fane bn oO ee = Qi 5 ° e ° ise] Qu oO se Ee 9 = & od = a Q s 9 = I ~ ~I eas Dendroica castanea (Wilson)......-- ~ BS ON © © I ~I I 43 BOOM 7 Oo bo Pmnnmmn alee Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnzeus) .- Dendroica striata (Forster).......... Dendroicavigorsit vicorsil, (Audubon): 225 -< 2.222.222 2se.- 2.2 Dendroica yigorsii achrustera (Bangs) Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis Ridgway . Dendroica kirtlandii Baird ...-...... Dendroica pityophila pityophila (Gundlach) .-.-.....22222222222..- HWendroica-pityopbila -bahamensis'Cory os oss2¢ 21.2. hee. Dendroica discolor ( Vieillot).......- Dendroica vitellina Cory-...-.....-- Dendroica palmarum palmarum (Gmelin)....................--.---- Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway.......---- ES EGE geen eRe Dendroica plumbea Lawrence -..-..- . Dendroica pharetra (Gosse) .....-.--- Genus 10. Catharopeza Sclateri=22-25. 2-2. =: 89. Catharopeza bishopi (Lawrence) .--- Cenus lin Oporormis Baird = 2-205 ocene se - Key to the Species of Oporornis -.........--. 90. Oporornis formosa (Wilson)......--- 91. Oporornis agilis (Wilson) .........-.- 92. Oporornis philadelphia (Wilson) ..-- 93. Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend)....... Genus 12. Seiurus Swainson ..-...-.-...---- Key to the Species and Subspecies of Seiurus- 94. Sejurus aurocapillus (Linnzeus) -._--- 95. Seiurus motacilla ( Vieillot) ........- 96. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (Gmelin) .........-.-------- 97. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway ..............-.---------- Genus ioe Teretistris Sapenisy Ge re Ea Px nS "98. aMarebintria Paenaa ee ie 99. Teretistris fornsi Gundlach .........- Genus 14. Leucopeza Sclater..............-- 100. Leucopeza semperi Sclater........--- CenusHon Miicrolices| Conyeass. 225-2 scene. - 101. Microligea palustris Cory......-..--- Genus 16. Geothlypis Cabanis..............- Key to the Species and Subspecies of Geothlypis ........--...-------------- 102. Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linnzeus) - 103. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla (Swainson) ........--------------- 104. Geothlypis trichas ignota Chapman - - LO5s3Geothlypisttrichas' occidentalis ‘Brewster 2-25-2422 .2225.--22--=---- 106. Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser 107. Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson. - - 108. Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell - - XV Page. 574 568 582 584 586 087 588 589 592 595 599 602 603 603 605 606 607 610 612 615 617 618 619 620 621 622 622 625 628 65 63 634 635 639 642 645 648 648 649 XVI 109. 110. LHe 112. 115. 114. 115. 116. ie 118. LOE 120. 121. 122 123. 124. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Geothlypis trichas melanops (Baird))27.2- = see oe gee ee Geothlypis rostrata Bryantc< 2252202) eee Ce eee eee Geothlypis maynardi Bangs.) 222s. 3 Seen ene ee ee Geothlypis tannert_ Ridgway: o2. -. oc sos 2 ae re tree Geothlypis incompta Ridgway? -: 2-022... .f.6ee cee eee eee Geothlypis.exigua Ride@wayse 2222 tt ee <= epee ei oe a eee Geothlypis:coryi Ridgway a2 «. 4: - <= Sse aceee oe ans cee eee eee Geothlypis flavida Ridgeway 22252 2222: 32 2 Stee ao nae eee Geothlypis: beldineiRideway...+--. .22 22275 2a eee ee ae Geothl ypis flavovelata Ridgway’. 22825 22-3. 29 S2 53. eee Geothlypis:flaviceps: Nelson = 2223s) > teers eee oe: Eee Geothlypis chiriquensis:Salwvins 2 3 2320-222. oe eee a eee eee Geothlypis semiflava bairdi (Nutting) <=2-.- 2. 22c2=-S-ecee ee . Geothlypisispeciosa Sclaters = cc =e woe oe om ee ee Geothlypis nelsoni nelsoni Richmond -...=. 2-25 50-22-2222 ---se-= Geothlypis nelsoni microrhyncha Ridgway --.-.-------------------- Genus 17. Chamethlypis Ridgway ss. -22- 22 ea ee ee Se eee eee Key to the Species and Subspecies of Chameethlypis..........----.--.-.---- 125. 126. 127. Chamethlypis poliocephala poliocephala (Baird) ........-.-.------ Chamethlypis poliocephala palpebralis Ridgway -.....------------ Chameethlypis caninucha Ridgway. 2. -¢ --==5- eee eee ree ae Wilsoniacanadensis:(linnsus))\.2: 332222 e- hese eee ee eee eee eee Genus: 2). Cardellina .DuBusio=sse25- 5 a ee eee eee ee eee 140. Cardellina rubrifrons) (Garrat!) eater ee ee Genus 22: Setophaca: Swainson: 2224554. 3-5 jase oa eae Key to the Species and Subspecies of Setophaga ............-----.---------- 141. 142. 143. Setophaga ruticilla ( Linneeus)-23 235..2.5 9. wes Saba ceeen Seen Bee Setophaga picta picta (Swamson)): 022. sos cl ee ee ae ee eee Setophaga picta, cuatemalce Sharpe: _. 2222222222 ee ose eee eee Genus 23> Myioborus-Baird'32 55.52 Ss 522 Soe es tee oe eee ee ee x Key to the Species and Subspecies of Myioborus.-.....-.--..---------------- 144. 145. 146. 147. Myioborus miniatus miniatus (Swainson) ........-.....------------ Myioborusminiatus fammensi(iaup) ieee ees eae ee ree ee Myioborus.aurantiacus: (Baird) s-2 22-6 See Se ee oe eee ae Myioborus:torquatus) (Baird!) 228.295. ase eee eae eoeeeeeeee Phe OO o TNS OST STS wWwnmnbdrw wt co Co co Bence SIT I 7 ~ oo or TABLE OF CONTENTS. Cound eer c pls OaWanisys. 6 ose acee kee sees cid sesweasa-cec~ 5s 148. Euthlypis lachrymosa lachrymosa Cabanis 149. Euthlypis lachrymosa fe Pham wale Lewis et aces eae Sees ok emcee bastleuLerusi@abamisec= 2. isos 9-282 seins cows sce cleecsecete eee Key to the Species and Subspecies of Basileuterus ..........:.2.-..:----5--- 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 165. 164. Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus Basileuterus belli belli (Giraud) belli scitulus Nelson belli clarus Ridgway HUONG PUA LLONS | GS WwalMSOM)) a... 25 4455s 2,.0 fase ee HMM rOsJOUMI RIGS WAY sae oose sc: eso de oe oc ee ae cae TABU DUT RONMS| GUD EXESH RUNG Loa, EN) a ee eee Oe ee nutiinonsicaudatus)Nelsoniss=2 5-542 - se. 2-2 22s ele oe rufifrons flavigaster (Nelson) RUMMrOMS Salama (Cherries seats ee ee eee coe ce rufifrons delattrii (Bonaparte ) rufifrons mesochrysus (Sclater) melanogenys Baird Mme MO iWS aw RENGCs eee ee mele ees ose ee ow ce ae oe culicivorus culicivorus (Lichtenstein ) culicivorus brasherii (Giraud) culicivorus flavescens Ridgway-.---.-..---------------- culicivorus) godmani Berlepsch. .5-.- 2 2.--- 22-2222. semicervinus veraguensis (Sharpe) semiceryvinus leucopygius (Sclater and Salvin) Mevatoune: species OlmlICaAllCUS=2e> see. 2 eects lea bs Se. tee itieeee s 169. Ergaticus ruber (Swainson) 170. Ergaticus versicolor (Salvin) Gemicpenan @ertiniGded Goulds sey fe ee es Sep ob cme eee Key to the Species of Certhidea Certhidearolivacea Gould. 2222... 235----2--5- Certhidea luteola Ridgway Certhidea ridgwayi (Rothschild and Hartert) ilVAle 72. 173. 174. 175. 176. ies 178. 79: Certmidearmentalis Ridowayecs assess o-5- ls. 5-20 2k dase eee e's Certhidea fusca Selater and Salyin Certhideabeckiekothec hil daar meme see Le ee ee ae Certhidea drownei Rothschild Certhidea cinerascens Ridgway Conihidearh iasciatapelOCwavyeroee ee en ok oso. ook nce ele ee Gennsreesenhodimociehia Elantiauloe seen eaees sees: cise clo Scher tecee aes = Key to the Species and Subspecies of Rhodinocichla 180. Rhodinocichla rosea eximia Ridgway.-..-.------.---------- (Rie eRhodinoerehlarschistucea, Ridgways.-Ss5---..---------+- Addenda Index List of figures!illustrating generic details _.....-.------------------ 3654—VvoL 2—01——II XVII Page. 739 736 738 738 741 743 744 745 745 746 747 748 748 749 749 790 Tol 752 753 799 700 706 706 I \ q CM OUI, 1S OO ® =~ SO GO Dd Fc) DAD Or oO bo o> ‘ e GD DG G OD o> co oO oO sI ~J a Nn Oo 1 SESE = SS i esl es eS eee ON eT OT NT NTN o = 9 o wm = CO wos ~ Pae | Page Genus. | Plate. Figure.| of text. Te CHlOrO ph OM seb OMA PALle) sae sailor mise ciesins elle ieteie == aiale[si cin crarwias mizee | I 1 4 DeBEII Yt ON eP) CST MNCS irae sate eam cle seal ats = cia weinisieele 2 sinieinie Se =o sess ciaisels == | I 2 8 Se eumEhuphomia BOMApALbel sans eae scnee cee seccetaeeodeceoaseee= See ek I 3 31 BAe EU ANCE TI TO Oe PDE TS eee eerie ale eretlala stole metolclete aie = tases) =)=) === I 6 32 Eye (8S OSC AACHEN er a eee eo ee Em RE aries oats ies cee ee cision Sinem | I 4 34 Game cy ie reve WON ce US etree sat ea eee alse ole shale eile minis seis \nnine =/sinici-m IL 1 54 PASpind ais Jardine en deSelb yes. a2 cecie2-2 22s cate nc= ss sete as cnesc cee II 2 62 Som bIna Mae lO temeenemere seceeat eeecce ce do Serie mjsinemis seem ee Scoaeces JUL 3 75 9. Heterospingus FRAG Davey passe eer emo ae Ree Ie se ne SORES. eee eters a cioiere | Til 3 103 Oe Eve Ta Hepsi a WA MISa ee oe ee ee ee ee ae atcte ale aqeictete ainsi cyermrwssinra emis e Sercic Berens een semen ace eee eee XXI 1 650 64, Microligea:Cory:2 sa2tj3522h. Sosee eet asec eee Sosa eae oe e eens xx 5 651 65: Geothly pis Cabanis <<: f225235-05n case aie ae a hae ae aaa Ee eee xx 4 653 665 Chameethlypis' Rid gwayce-2-- \-205 sce ace ene ce eee ee eee eee xX 7 686 67: eteria: Vielllot: <2 2. ue cecionotas seekinde ae seeaeee oe ea eee ea eee XXI 2 691 68: Granatellus Bonaparte. sa...26 be sees one ss eee oe ae Jeers eseceee XXI 3 697 G9 Wilsonia. Boma parte s.2. 2... te sce occ do see ce aera a meeiatee aee ieee XXII 1 703 70: Cardellina “DwiBus 522 os 25h sae Baa tasin ance me se eee oe eeeclon See eno XXII 2 719 Tl. setophaga Swanson. 5! os Aes ass nee cae aclne tre ole ae ee ee eee eects XXI 5 722 72. .MLyiObOLuUS Baird 3.2.20. asad sees seg eee oe ee eee a He eneee ee eeebione XXI 4 730 43. Huthlypis Cabanis. + <2< Four adult males from Isthmus of Panama .....--- 62,2 35.1 8.6 5.3 15. 2 10.2 One adult male from’ Chiriqui-.-----2-.-22-----.2-- 61.7 35. 1 8.1 6.1 15.2 10.7 FEMALES. | Two adult females from Santa Marta .............. 62 36.1 S/O ees 15.2 HL. 2 One adult female from Isthmus of Panama........- 59.7 33 SiGil pence 15,2 12.2 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 29 Euphonia laniirostris Sauvin and Gopman, Ibis, 1879, 119 (Atanques, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, alt. 2,700 ft.; crit.); 1880, 119 (Atanques); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 262, part (Angostura, Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui, Bugaba, and David, Chiriqui; Boquete de Chitra, Calovevora, and Cordillera de Tolé, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru?).—Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 76, part, excl. syn. part (Costa Rican and Colombian localities and references ).— ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). Ph{onasca] laniirostris CaABANts, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 331; 1861, 90. Euphonia crassirostris ScuatveR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 277 (Santa Marta, Colombia; coll. P. L. Selater); 1859, 19 (Bogota, Colombia); (?) 1860, 275 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av., Tanagr., 1856, 103; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 58, part (Bogota; Babahoyo?; Caracas, Venezuela?).—ScLaTer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Lion Hill, Panama k. R.); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 186 (Chitra, Boquete de Chitra, and Calovevora, Veragua).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Cartago, Costa Rica).—Brruerscu, Journ. fir Orn., 1884, 289 (Bucara- manga, Colombia).—Rosrnson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1891, 161 (Magdalena R., Colombia).—Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Marta, Colombia), 179 (Palomina, proy. Santa Marta); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 28 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.; crit.).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 170 (Bonda, ete., prov. Santa Marta; crit. ). Euphonia crassirostris? Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui; crit. ). Ef{uphonia] crassirostris ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889, 91 (Bogota; crit. ); iii, 1891, 351 (crit.). Euphonia hirundinacea (not of Bonaparte) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.). Euphonia sp.? Sarvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera de Tolé, Veragua). EUPHONIA GOULDI Sclater. GOULD’S EUPHONIA. Adult male.—Forehead (sometimes forepart of crown also) yellow, the feathers with partially exposed central triangular spots of dusky; rest of upper parts plain olive-green, the feathers with broad metallic margins, producing a strong metallic sheen to the plumage; remiges and rectrices dusky with olive-green or yellowish olive-green edgings; lores dusky, becoming black along upper margin next to yellow of forehead; sides of head (except lores) and neck, chin, throat, and chest plain yellowish olive-green, without metallic gloss; sides and flanks olive-green, the feathers with broad margins of yellow; median portion of breast, abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts uniform deep tawny; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray with dusky tip; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 86.4—102.9 (92.7); wing, 50.8-57.9 (55.1); tail, 25.1-31.5 (29.5); exposed culmen, 8.1—9.4 (8.4); depth of bill at base, 5.3-5.6 (5.5); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15.2); mid- dle toe, 9.7-11.7 (10.7).* Adult female.—Forehead dark rusty or chestnut, the feathers with darker central spots, partly exposed; rest of upper parts plain olive- 1 Fourteen specimens, 30 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. green, the feathers with broad semimetallic margins, producing a dis- tinct metallic gloss or sheen to the plumage; remiges and rectrices dusky with olive-green edgings, narrower and more yellowish on primaries; under parts deep olive-yellowish, darker (more yellowish olive-green) on sides and flanks; under tail-coverts deep ochraceous or tawny; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 83.8-99.1 (95); wing, 49.5-58.7 (54.6); tail, 22.4-32 (28.2); exposed culmen, 7.9-8.6 (8.4); depth of bill at base, 4.8—5.8 (5.3); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15.2); middle toe, 9.9-11.7 (10.9).? Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Santecomapan), Oaxaca, etc., and southward to Costa Rica (Angostura; Valza; Tucurriqui; San Carlos; Jiménez; Pacuare; Dota Mts.). Euphonia ———? ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 303 (Mexico). Euphonia gouldi ScuatTer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., xxv, 1857, 66, pl. 124 (Guate- mala; coll. J. Gould), 229 (Santecomapan, Vera Cruz; Mosquito coast, Nica- ragua); Ann. and Mag. N. H., 2d ser., xx, 1857, 319; Journ. fir Orn., vi, 1858, 75; Cat. Am. Birds, ii, 1862, 60 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 81 (Choctum and Kamkhal, Guatemala; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura and Valza, Costa Rica).—SciatTer and Sauvin, Ibis, 1859, 17 (Guatemala).—Sanvin, Ibis, 1860, 194 (Coban, Guatemala); 1872, 315 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—FRANT- zius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 298 (Tucurriqui, etc., Costa Rica).—Bou- CARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (San Carlos, Costa Rica).—Sa.vin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1888, 263.—Rip@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).—ZE.LEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Jiménez, Costa Rica).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488 (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). [ Euphonia] gouldi ScuateR and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 18. Euphonia gouldii LAwReNcr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Angostura, Pacuare, and Dota Mts., Costa Rica).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 590 (hot region, Vera Cruz). "Twelve specimens. Specimens vary in measurements according to locality, those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua being the smallest. The series examined is not sufficient, however, to show whether there are constant local differences in either measurements or colora- tion. Following are average measurements: ae Depth i Locality. Wing. | Tail. eee of bill | Tarsus. ae ‘lat base. F MALES. Two adult males from eastern Mexico...........-..- 56.4 31 9.1 5.6 15-5 10.7 Five adult males from Guatemala. .-.--. caches sess 55.9 29.7 8.6 5.6 15.5 2 Three adult males from northern Honduras........ 56.4 29.7 8.4 5.3 1525 10.4 Two adult males from southern Honduras........-. [eo D2) ieee 8.1 5.3 15 | 9:9 One adult male from Nicaragua...............-...- 51.6 25.1 8.1 5.3 14.7 7 One adult male from Costa Rica.................. as 53.6 27 Sele eee ecie ln 14.7 10.9 FEMALES. One adult female from Mexico..............-..----- 56.1 29.7 | 8.4 5.6 15. 2 10.7 Four adult females from Guatemala................ 55.1 29.2 | 8.4 5.8 15.5 10.9 | Four adult females from northern Honduras. .-...-. 55.4 29.5 8.4 5.3 15 1D IB Two adult females from Costa Rica................- 50 23.6 Seti 4.8 15 9.9 One adult female from Panama .................... 55.6 26.7 8.1 Seal 15.2 1b IBD, . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. oll Genus PYRRHUPHONIA Bonaparte. Pyrrhuphonia BoNAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxi, 1850, 423; Rev. Zool., ili, 1851, 137. (Type, Fringilla jamaica Linnzeus. ) Similar to Huphonia but bill much stouter, its depth at base equal to its width at rictus and greater than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; gonys very strongly ascending terminally, its basal angle very prominent; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch indistinct? and without smaller notches or serrations posterior to the notch. Coloration. —Unitorm, slightly metallic, greenish gray above, paler gray beneath, becoming yellowish on abdomen. Range.—Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) PYRRHUPHONIA JAMAICA (Linnezus). JAMAICAN EUPHONIA. Adult male.—Above uniform greenish plumbeous, witha strong gloss of metallic bluish green; remiges dusky, with greenish plumbeous edg- ings, broadest on tertials; beneath much paler gray, without greenish tinge or metallic gloss; abdomen light yellow (canary yellow or pale lemon yellow); anal region and under tail-coverts pale cr sam-butf, the latter with central or median portion duller, sometimes pale gray; axillars pale yellow (primrose or pale sulphur); under wing-coverts white; maxilla black with portion below nostril bluish gray (grayish blue in life?); mandible bluish gray for basal half or more, blackish terminally; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 101.6-114.3 (105.9); wing, 66-66.5 (66.3); tail, 39.4-40.1 (89.6); exposed culmen, 8.9-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 17.5-17.8 (17.7); middle toe, 10.9-12.7 (12.2).? Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck greenish gray, with a slight metallic gloss; rest of upper parts plain olive-green, slightly more yellowish posteriorly; under parts pale gray, paler and duller medially ; abdomen buffy whitish; otherwise like the male; length (skins), 101.6— 113 (107.2); wing, 64.8-66 (65.3); tail, 38.6; exposed culmen, 8.9-9.4 (9.1); depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 12.2-12.7 (12.4).° Island of Jamacia, Greater Antilles. [ Fringilla] jamaica Linn. xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 323 (Jamaica; based on Grey Grosbeak Brown, Illustr., 62, pl. 26).—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ui, 1788, 920.—Laruam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 443. Euphonia jamaica Goss, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 238; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 59.—Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 73; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 60.— Axprecut, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 196.—Marcna, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 194 (synonymy and deser.); Birds W. L., 1889, 81.—Scortr, Auk, x, 1893, 180. 1The notch is by no means wanting, as stated on page 53 of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, vol. x1. 2 Three specimens. 3 Two specimens. 32 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. { Euphona] jamaica Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 233. [ Euphonia] jamaica ScuaATER and Satyin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 18. E[uphonia] jamaica Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. Huphonia jamaice ScuAtTER, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 91. Euphonia jamaicensis SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 280 (monogr. ); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 106. [ Euphonia] jamaicensis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Pyrrhuphonia jamaica Bonaparte, Rey. Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 137.—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 85 (Moneague, Metcalf Parish, and St. Ann’s, Jamaica).—Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 113, 130. Euphonia cinerea LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., ix., Aug., 1846, 277 (‘‘Columbia’’ ).— ScLatTeR, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 91. Euphonia] cinerea Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17. [ Euphona] cinerea BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 235. Genus BUTHRAUPIS Cabanis. Buthraupis! CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 29. (Type, Tanagra cucullata Jardine. ) Large, short-billed, Tanagers, with the plumage chiefly blue and vellow, wing rather long and pointed, and tail much shorter than wing, even, or very slightly rounded. Bill short (length of maxilla from nostril not more—usually much less—than half the length of the tarsus), stout (both depth and width at base equal to or exceeding gonys), usually deeper than broad, rapidly tapering to the distinctly uncinate tip; culmen gently convex, its terminal portion sometimes more strongly curved and produced into a distinct uncinate point, with a distinct tomial notch behind it; gonys about equal to length of maxilla from nostril (or sometimes a little shorter), gently convex, strongly ascending, contracted and strongly ridged terminally; commissure nearly straight or (usually) slightly sinuated. Nostril exposed, nearly circular, occupying most of anterior end of nasal fosse. Rictal bristles rather distinct. Wing rather long (three and one-half to four and one-fourth times as long as tarsus), rather pointed (eighth to fifth primaries longest, ninth longer than third); primaries exceeding secondaries by not more (usually less) than length of tarsus. Taila little more than half (2. arced and BL. ceruleiqularis) to nearly five-sixths (B. eximza) as long as wing, even or very slightly rounded, the rectrices broad, with rounded tips. Tarsus longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching to or slightly beyond base of middle claw. Coloration.—Uniform dull blue or green above, the remiges and rectrices (except sometimes on margins) blackish, the head also some- times black; chin, throat, and chest black or very dark blue, the remaining underparts yellow, or else yellowish olive with an orange- yellow pectoral patch. Range.—Costa Rica to Bolivia, Peru, and western Ecuador, in mountains. '“Von #ove zur Bezeichnung der Grésse und 6pav7i6, nom. prop.” BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 30 There is great difference in the form of the bill between B. cucullata, B. montana, B. arc (and its close ally B. cwruleiqularis) on the one hand and B. chloronota and B. eximia on the other, the two last named having this member much shorter and proportionally deeper at the base, the extreme abbreviation existing in B. eximiéa. In the last-named species the gonys is sharply ridged, and there is a very sight development of the uncinate tip to the maxilla, which in B. chloronota is quite as well developed as in B. cucullata, the gonys at the same time lacking the well-defined ridge of 2. eximia. On the other hand B. arcewi and B. cwruleigularis, with even a more slender bill than B. cucullata, have the tip of the maxilla even less uncinate than B. eximia. It will be seen, therefore, that the genus can not be subdivided on the shape of the bill alone without making four groups, the first to include B. cucullata and B. montana, the second B. arca and B. cwrulecgularis, the third B. chloronota, and the fourth B. eximia. The first-mentioned of these groups is further characterized by having the plumage of the upper parts (the head excepted) remarkably glossy. The others have the upper plumage normal in this respect, except that represented by B. eximéa, which has the pileum glossy and the rump partially so. The group containing 4. arc and B. ceruleigularis (B. edwardsi also?) has the tail very much shorter in proportion to the wing than the others. It may eventually prove necessary to separate one or more of these groups on account of the characters mentioned, but for the present I prefer to leave the genus with usually assigned limits. BUTHRAUPIS ARCZEI Sclater and Salvin. ARCE’S TANAGER, Adult male.—Above dull grayish indigo blue, the wings and tail blackish with dull indigo blue edgings; lores, chin, and throat dull blackish, tinged with dull indigo bluish; rest of under parts rich yellow (saffron or indian yellow on chest, gradually fading to lemon yellow on under tail-coverts), the sides and flanks mottled or clouded with dusky; under wing-coverts pale yellow, with concealed dusky spaces on outer webs; bill blackish; legs and feet horn brownish; length (skin), 147.3;' wing, 85.6; tail, 72.6; exposed culmen, 15.2; depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 16. Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu; Calobre). Buthraupis arcei Scuarer and Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 439, pl. 31 (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 187 (Cordillera del Chucu).—Sarvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 276 (Cordillera del Chucu and Calobre, Veragua).—Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 149. [Buthraupis] arexi ScuaTeR and Satyr, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 20. 1The total length is actually much greater, the skin being greatly shortened, 3654—VvoL 2—01——3 o4 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. BUTHRAUPIS CAZRULEIGULARIS Cherrie. CHERRIE’S TANAGER, Similar to B. arca7, but larger; sides and flanks extensively and uniformly dusky bluish; chin and throat dull indigo blue, scarcely darker than pileum, and under wing-coverts light yellow without con- cealed dusky spots. Adult male.—Head (all round), hindneck, sides of neck, entire upper parts, sides, and flanks, uniform dull indigo blue, the larger wing- coverts, remiges, and rectrices, however, dull black, except on edges; chest and breast (except laterally), belly, anal region, and under tail- coverts bright yellow, changing gradually from rich indian yellow on the chest to lemon yellow on the under tail-coverts; axillars canary yellow; under wing-coverts mixed primrose yellow and white; inner webs of remiges dull brownish gray, paler on edges, these becoming whitish toward base; thighs uniform dusky indigo blue; bill entirely black; legs dusky horn color; feet dull blackish; length (skin), about 142.2 (tail imperfect); wing, 86.9; exposed culmen, 15.2; depth of bill at base, 8.9; tarsus, 21.6; middle toe, 15.2. Although apparently very different from 2B. arcei in the exten- sively and uniformly dusky sides and flanks, this form is so closely similar in other features of coloration that possibly it may oniy repre- sent an extreme variation of that species. At any rate, additional specimens will be necessary to.establish its validity. Central Costa Rica (Buena Vista). Buthraupis ceruleigularis CHERRIE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 956, Oct. 28, 1893, 609 (Buena Vista, s. w. Costa Rica; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.). Genus CALOSPIZA Gray. Calliste (not Callista Poli, 1791) Bors, Isis, 1826, 974. (Type, Tanagra tricolor Linnzeus. ) Aglaia (not of Renier, 1804, nor of Eschscholz, 1825) Swarnson, Zool. Jour., 111, 1827, 347. (Type, Tanagra tatao Linneus. ) Calospiza Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 44. (Type, Tanagra tricolor Linnzeus. ) Callospiza (emendation) CaBanis, Wiegman’s Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, 317. Gyrola RetcHENBAcH, Ay. Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. 77. (Type, Tanagra gyrola Lin- nzeus. ) : Tatao BoNAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 80. (Type, Tanagra tatao Lin- nzeus. ) Chrysothraupis BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 142. (Type, Tanagra (Aglaia) aurulenta Lafresnaye. ) Ixothraupis Bonaparte, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 143. (Type, Tanagra punctata Linneeus. ) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 35 Chalcothraupis BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 144. (Type, Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides Lafresnaye. ) Euschemon Scuater, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 95. (Type, Tanagra flava Gmelin. ) Euprepiste ScLATER, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 95. (Type, Tanagra brasiliensis Linnzeus. ) Small, very brilliantly colored Tanagers with the bill shorter than middle toe without claw, the tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw and more than one-third as long as tail; if not brilliantly colored in adult plumage, the lesser wing-coverts glossy bright blue. Bill small (exposed culmen about half as long as tarsus, sometimes a little more or less), varying from rather stout, with decidedly curved culmen and basal depth equal to basal width (equal also to length of gonys), to rather slender, with culmen nearly straight and basal depth much less than basal width or than length of gonys; commissure nearly straight, the maxillary tomium more or less distinctly notched near tip; gonys nearly (sometimes quite) equal to length of maxilla from nostril, slightly convex, and decidedly ascending terminally, the tip of the mandible acute. Nostril partly (sometimes almost entirely) concealed by frontal plumules—rarely fully exposed—nearly circular, in lower anterior portion of nasal fosse. Rictal bristles minute, often obsolete. Wing long (about three and one-third to four and one-fourth times as long as tarsus), pointed (ninth to sixth or eighth to sixth primaries longest, the ninth usually longer, rarely shorter, than fifth); primaries exceeding secondaries by nearly (sometimes quite) the length of the tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by length of tarsus or (usually) more, usually more or less emarginate, sometimes even, the rectrices rather narrow, with firm webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly (sometimes very much) longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw or slightly beyond; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. Coloration.—Usually extremely brilliant and varied, in many cases beyond any other known birds, thus fully entitling the genus to the name by which it has usually been known (Cad/iste, i. e., most beauti- ful), but which unfortunately can not be retained. Only one of the sixty-odd species is plainly attired, this (well named C. cnornata) being plain gray (paler below), with lesser wing-coverts bright glossy blue. The sexes are usually alike in color, or nearly so, but the young are quite different, being very plain, never streaked. Range.—Tropical America, from southern Mexico to southern Brazil and Peru. Wanting from the West Indies, except in St. Vincent and Grenada. Although very marked variations in the shape of the bill and in other details of external structure occur among the numerous species of this genus, I am unable to subdivide it into groups with definite 36 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. characters. The species may be conveniently assorted according to their style of coloration, as has been done by Dr. Sclater, though I would give some of his groups different limits. For example, C. florida, which both he and Messrs. Salvin and Godman consider most nearly allied with C. schrank7 and place in the same subdivision (true Cad/iste). seems to me to bea typical ** Chrysothraupis,” having exactly the same pattern of coloration as C. aurulenta, C. pulchra, ete., but with their brilliant orange and yellow replaced by glossy green. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CALOSPIZA. a. Back streaked with black or dusky. b. Under parts green or yellowish, without streaks or spots. c. General color yellow, the throat pale silvery buff or grayish. (Costa Rica to Biedador?) 42 i.) eae see Se ee eee eee Calospiza icterocephala (p. 37) ec. General color green, including throat; a large black auricular patch. ( Calo- spiza florida. ) d. Larger (wing of adult male 68.1, tail 48.7); general color purer green; adult male with a large occipital patch of pure yellow. (Costa Rica.) Calospiza florida florida (p. 39) dd. Smaller (wing of adult male 64.5-66.5, tail 40.1-41.1); general color more yellowish green; adult male without distinct, if any, occipital patch of yellow! (Vierapuas)'= oo. 2 eng ee Calospiza florida arcei (p. 40) bb. Under parts white or pale greenish blue, spotted with black anteriorly. c. Smaller (wing of adult male 68.6); lesser wing-coverts green, with central spots of black; pileum green, the feathers with central spots of black. (Costa Rica to Ecuador, etc.) ...-..--- Calospiza guttata chrysophrys (p. 40) cc. Larger (wing of adult male 86.4); lesser wing-coverts plain blue; pileum black, the feathers margined with blue. (West coast of Guatemala. ) Calospiza cabanisi (p. 42) aa. Back without streaks. b. Back bright green. c. Head (except throat) bright rufous-chestnut or orange-maroon. d. Rump, throat, and breast blue; outer webs of primaries green; anterior lesser wing-coverts yellow; hindneck green, except a narrow band at pos- terior margin of chestnut hood (sometimes obsolete). (Costa Rica to IBolnvids)) 2 ts enone eee ee a eee Calospiza gyroloides, adults (p. 43) dd. Rump, throat, and breast green; outer webs of primaries cinnamon-rufous; anterior lesser wing-coverts green; whole hindneck saffron yellow. (Nicaragua to Isthmus of Panama.) --.--Calospiza lavinia, adults (p. 46) cc. Head green. d. Under wing-coverts white or whitish. .-.-.Calospiza gyroloides, young (p. 46) dd. Under wing-coverts brownish gray ....--- Calospiza lavinia, young (p. 46) 6b. Back not bright green. c. Back black, dusky, or dull grayish green; rump blue or green. d. Head mostly black; under parts of body light cinnamon; back greenish black or dusky. e. Lesser wing-coverts ultramarine or cobalt blue; rump bright yellowish green, changing to bluish green; back greenish black. (Costa Rica; Wierdimuai)pattn@: 23 4 ete bP p ene ee Calospiza dowi, adults (p. 46) ee. Lesser wing-coverts greenish blue; rump dull grayish green; back dusky. Calospiza dowi, young (p. 47) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 37 dd. Head not black; under parts of body not light cinnamon; back not green- ish black nor dusky. e. Head changing from golden buff to silvery yellowish green, the forehead and cheeks blue, the lores and chin black; back deep black; rump bright blue; chest and sides of breast black. ( Calospiza larvata, adults. ) f. Deeper colored (sides bright ultramarine, becoming bright cerulean or turquoise blue on flanks, the throat cinnamon-rufous); greater wing- coverts, remiges and rectrices more broadly edged with greenish; slightly larger. (Southern Mexico to northern Honduras. ) Calospiza larvata larvata, adults (p. 47) ff. Lighter colored (sides cerulean blue, becoming pale greenish blue or bluish green on flanks, the throat orange-buffy or ochraceous); greater wing-coverts, remiges and rectrices more narrowly edged with green- ish (the edgings sometimes wanting on greater wing-coverts); slightly smaller. (Southern Honduras to Isthmus of Panama. ) Calospiza larvata fanny, adults (p. 49) ee. Head grayish green, becoming whitish on throat; back dull or grayish green, clouded with blackish or dusky laterally; rump dull green; sides of chest and breast grayish or dusky. Calospiza larvata larvata, young (p. 48) Calospiza larvata fanny, young (p. 49) cc. Back neither black, dusky, nor dull green; rump neither blue nor green. d. Pileum, back, scapulars, and rump plain slate-gray; under parts pale gray, becoming whitish on abdomen; lesser wing-coverts bright blue. (Veragua toncentralsColannbiam)ias2 = see 51. oe Calospiza inornata, adults (p. 51) dd. Pileum rufous-tawny to very dark chestnut; back, scapulars, and rump opalescent, dull greenish or buffy; under parts dull buffy or greenish, more or less opalescent; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish or bluish green. e. Smaller (wing 70.4-75.2); coloration darker, the pileum dark chestnut. (Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles; Venezuela. ) Calospiza cucullata, adults (p.52) ee. Larger (wing 75.7-78.7); coloration lighter, the pileum light chestnut to rufous-tawny. (Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. ) Calospiza versicolor, adults (p. 5 3) CALOSPIZA ICTEROCEPHALA (Bonaparte). SILVER-THROATED TANAGER. Adult male.—Pileum, nape, sides of head, and whole rump _ plain glossy deep saffron or indian yellow; back and scapulars similar but rather paler yellow (sometimes slightly tinged with greenish), broadly streaked with black; wings and tail black, the lesser and mid- dle wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellow or greenish yellow, the greater coverts, remiges, and rectrices edged with yellowish green; chin, throat, and malar region and rather indistinct collar across hind- neck pale buffy greenish or greenish buffy, more or less changeable with different inclinations to the light; under part of body and under tail-coverts plain saffron or indian yellow, slightly tinged with olive- greenish laterally; anterior portion of lores and a streak from rictus along lower edge of suborbital and malar regions (widening more or 38 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. less at posterior extremity) black; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 109.2-137.2 (124.2); wing, 69.6-80 (74.7); tail, 44.7-53.1 (49.3); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 (9.9); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.6 (5.3); tarsus, 17-19.1 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-12.7 (12.2).* Adult female.—Similar in color to the adult male and not always distinguishable, but usually more or less duller in color; length (skins), 127-132.1 (129.5); wing, 70.1—78.2 (72.6); tail, 43.9-53.1 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10); depth of pill at base, 5.1-5.8 (5.3); tarsus, 17.3-18 (17.8); middle toe, 11.9-12.2.” Young male.—Much duller in coloration than the dullest adult females; above olive-green, slightly tinged with yellow on sides of head, more decidedly yellowish on rump; feathers of pileum with small triangular or sagittate central spots of blackish, the interscapulars and scapulars with large dusky markings of similar position and shape; wings and tail blackish with yellowish green edgings; malar region, chin, and throat dull greenish buffy; rest of under parts buffy yellow (naples or maize), medially more yellowish, more olive-greenish laterally. Young female.—Similar to the young male but still duller in color. Costa Rica (San José; Dota; Turrialba; Barranca; Candelaria Mts. ; Naranjo; Orosi; Cartago; San Marco, ete.), southward through Colom- bia to Ecuador (Punta Playa, near Quito; Nanegal; Pasto; Napo; Bois de Bagnos; Tongaragua, etc.). Calliste icterocephala Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 76 (Punta Playa, near Quito, Ecuador) .—Scuarer, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 53, pl. 70, fig. 1; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 19, 251 (monogr.; Punta Playa, Ecuador) ; 1860, 87 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador) ; Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 77; Monogr. Cal- liste, 1857, 37, pl. 17 (Quito, Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 65 (Nanegal) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 110 (Nanegal, Pasto, and Napo, Ecuador; Frontino, Colombia; Volcan de Chiriqui; Santa Fé, Calovevora, and Cor- dillera de Tolé, Veragua; San José, Dota, Turrialba, and Barranca, Costa Rica).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera de Tolé and Santa Fé, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 186 (Volean de Chiriquf; Boquete de Chitra, Cordillera del Chuca, and Calovevora, Veragua).—LawrkeEnce, Ann. 1 Seven specimens. 2 Four specimens from Costa Rica. Costa Rican and Ecuadorean males compare in average measurements as follows: rt ial |__| Depth | a Locality. | Wing. | Tail. |EXPosed| of pill | Tarsus.| ee | 7 "| at base. | ‘ Four adult males from Costa Rica .......---.++-+-+- | 76.5| 511| 102} 58| 183] 124 Three adult males (two with sex doubtful) from WavanNON oo ee Sale Riek ce ee ined | 72.1| 46.7 907i. DEB ise 11.9 | Iam not able to detect any color differences, and the determination of sex being in some cases open to question, the apparent difference in size may prove inconstant. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 39 Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Dota, Turrialba, Barranca, and San José, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Candelaria Mts., etc., Costa Rica).—Sciarer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 498 (Antioquia, Colombia).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Naranjo and Orosf, Costa Rica).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 269 (Vivalva, Calobre, etc., Veragua; etc.).—ZrLEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, and Santa Maria de Dota).— JHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (San Marco). [ Calliste] icterocephala ScLaTER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. Chrysothraupis icterocephala BoNAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, March, 1851, 129 (Bois de Bagnos, Tonguaragua, Ecuador), 445; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 17. Callispiza icterocephala Sauvapori, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 175 (Costa Rica). Callispiza (Chrysothraupis) frantzii CABANIS, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, March, 1861, 87 (Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Mus.). Calliste frantzii ScuATER, Ibis, 1863, 451 (Costa Rica); 1868, 72, in text (Costa Rica; crit.). CALOSPIZA FLORIDA FLORIDA (Sclater and Salvin), EMERALD TANAGER, Adult male.—General color above pure yellowish green (nearly apple green), the back and scapulars broadly streaked with black; lower anterior portion of lores and a large quadrate oblique patch across auricular region black; entire occiput pure lemon yellow; rump plain bright greenish yellow, more decidedly yellow below; lesser wing-coverts bright yellowish green with black (mostly concealed) bases; rest of wings black, the middle coverts broadly tipped with bright yellowish green, the greater coverts broadly and secondaries more narrowly edged with the same; tail black with narrow green edgings to middle rectrices; under parts plain light green (duller and less yellowish than upper parts), the abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts light maize or naples yellow; bill black; legs and feet (in dried skin) horn color; length (skin), 130.8; wing, 68.1; tail, 43.7; exposed culmen, 10.1; depth of bill at base, 4.8; tarsus, 16; middle toesslOnie* Adult female.—Similar to the male, but rather duller in color and without the yellow occipital patch. Costa Rica (Carrillos, on Rio Sucio). Calliste florida SCLATER and SALvIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 416, pl. 28 (Costa ~ Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Satvin, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Rica).— ScLaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 103, part (Costa Rica).—Sa.vin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 267, part, pl. 17, fig. 1 (Costa Rica).—ZELEpDoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). [ Calliste] florida ScuaTER and Satvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 19. Calospiza florida florida Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., ili, Apr., 1901, 149, in text. 1One specimen, no. 108276, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Rio Sucio (Carrillos), 1884; M. Carranza. 40 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CALLISTE FLORIDA ARCZEI Ridgway. ARCE’S EMERALD TANAGER, Similar to C. f. florida, but smaller, with larger feet; adult male without a distinct occipital patch of yellow (sometimes with none), and feathers of pileum marked with a distinct central V-shaped spot of black or black beneath the surface (partly exposed), and with the gen- eral green color of upper parts slightly more yellowish; adult female slightly duller and less yellowish green than the male, with pileum and rump less yellowish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 101.6-104.1 (102.9); wing, 64.5-66.5 (65.5); tail, 40.1-41.1 (40.6); exposed culmen, 8.1—9.7 (8.9); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 5.1; tarsus, 17.3-17.5; middle toe, 10.9- 11.4 (11.2).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 104.6-106.7 (105.7); wing, 61-63.5 (62.2); tail, 36.8-39.4 (38.1); exposed culmen, 9.7—10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 17.3-17.5; middle toe, 11.2—-12.4 (11.7).’ Veragua. Calliste florida (not of Sclater and Salvin) Scuarsr, Ibis, 1876, 409 (Veragua); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 103, part (Veragua).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves,,i, 1883, 267, part (Veragua). Calospiza florida arcei Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sei., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 149 (Veragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). CALOSPIZA GUTTATA CHRYSOPHRYS (Sclater)? YELLOW-BROWED TANAGER, Adult male.—Upper parts bright yellowish green, becoming more yellowish on forehead, superciliary, suborbital, and auricular regions, and sides of neck, the anterior portion of forehead, supraloral region, and eyelids pure canary yellow; lores black; feathers of crown, occiput, sides of head, back, and scapulars with central spots of black, these large and very conspicuous on back and scapulars, the latter with margins of bluish green or greenish blue; wings and tail black, the smaller wing-coverts broadly margined with light bluish green (mala- chite green), the greater coverts and remiges edged with the same, the primary coverts with narrower and more bluish edgings; rectrices black edged with yellowish green, the middle pair mostly green; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast glaucous-white, each feather (except on chin and throat) with a median elliptical spot of black, the throat with small and inconspicuous streaks of the same; abdomen white anteriorly, passing posteriorly into light yellow on anal region and 1 Two specimens. ele BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 41 under tail-coverts, the latter with central wedge-shaped or sagittate spots (mostly concealed) of dusky; flanks plain yellowish green, tinged with yellow; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish or horn color with dusky tip; legs and feet horn color or dusky in dried skins; length (skins), 119.4-142.2 (130.8); wing, 68.6-70.6 (69.6); tail,52.1; exposed culmen, 10.2-10.4; depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.3; tarsus, 18-18.5 (18.3): middle toe, 11.4-12.2 (11.7).’ Adult female(?).—Similar to the adult male, as described above, but duller in color; head much less yellowish (quite concolor, in fact, with back, ete.), without pure yellow on forehead, supraloral region, or eyelids; black spots on scapulars and interscapulars much less distinct; length (skins), 107.2-115.6 (110.7); wing, 64.8-71.1 (68.8); tail, 45.7— 58.3 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.9); depth of bill at base, 4.8— 5.1 (5); tarsus, 17.8-18 (17.9); middle toe, 11.7—-12.4 (12.2).” Immature (?) male.—Similar to the adult female, as described above, but wing-coverts margined and edged with yellowish green, contrast- ing strongly with the greenish blue edgings of remiges; feathers of throat with large and distinct central spots of black; length (skin), 125.7; wing, 66.8; tail, 49.5; exposed culmen, 10.7; depth of bill at base, 5.6; tarsus, 19.3; middle toe, 11.7.° Having a very small and unsatisfactory series of this species for examination, I am in doubt as to the proper name which the birds from Costa Rica and the Isthmus of Panama should bear. The only specimen I have been able to examine is from Dota, Costa Rica, and, judging from the loose texture of the plumage, seems to be an imma- ture, though full-grown, bird. Itis markedasamale. If the birds of this species are the same from Costa Rica to Venezuela, then it so hap- pens that all the Colombian specimens which I have seen (three from ‘‘ Bogota”) are females, for none of them have yellow about the head, while all of those seen from Venezuela (only two in number, however), are males, the head being bright yellowish green (much yellower than the back), becoming pure canary yellow on the anterior portion of the forehead and thence backward to and including the upper eyelid, the lower eyelid also being pure yellow; the black spots on back and scapulars being at the same time far larger, more sharply defined, and deeper black. Four specimens from Trinidad agree in all these char- acters with the two Venezuelan specimens, but have shorter wings and are easily distinguished by the larger and relatively broader black spots on the chest. I have not seen examples from British Guiana, but these (the true C. guttata) are said by Salvin and Godman to be distinguished by having the under parts ‘‘ much less spotted, the spcts 1Two specimens from Venezuela. 2 Three specimens from ‘‘ Bogota,’’? Colombia. $One specimen from Dota, Costa Rica. 42 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. being almost confined to the chest, the throat and abdomen being plain.” Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Angostura; Dota; Turrialba) and south- ward through Colombia to Ecuador (Valle de Mindos), Venezuela (Caracas; Puerto Cabello; San Cristobal) and Trinidad. Calliste chrysophrys ScuatER, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 24, 54, pl. 69, fig. 2 (Venezuela; coll. P. L. Sclater). Calliste guttulata Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 76 (Mindos, n. w. Ecuador) .—Scuater, Tanagr. Cat. Specif., 1854, 11; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 157 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 19, part (Venezuela; Trinidad. ) Ixothraupis guttulata Bonapartr, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 144; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 18. Calliste guttata (not Callispiza guttata Cabanis) ScLatrEeR, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 249, part (monogr.; Venezuela; Trinidad; Bogota, Colombia; ‘‘ Ecua- dor);’’? Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 75; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 21, part, pl. 10 (Trididad; Caracas, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; valley of Mindos, Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 64 (Venezuela; Trinidad; Anolaima, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 105, part (Puerto Cabello, Cara- cas, and San Cristobal, Venezuela; Bogota, Colombia; s. slope Volcan de Chiriqui; Tucurriqui and Angostura, Costa Rica, etc.).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 82 (Trinidad).—Scuiarer and Satyin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 627 (Venezuela); 1875, 237 (do.).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Angostura, Turrialba, and Dota, Costa Rica).—Franrzivus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Costa Rica).—Finscn, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 579 (Trinidad ).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 ( Volcan de Chiriqui).— Wyart, Ibis, 1871, 325 (Ocala, Colombia).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol.Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1888, 267, part (Turrialba, etc., Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui; Colombia; Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad).—Brrieprscn, Journ. ftir Orn., 1884, 289 (Bucaramanga, Colombia).—ZELEpDoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Turrialba).—CHApMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 29 (Trini- dad). [ Calliste] guttata ScuatTER and Satyrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19, part ( Vene- zuela; Colombia; Ecuador; Costa Rica). C [alliste] guttata Dusots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (5) (crit.). [ Calliste punctata] var. a. guttata Dusors, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 1874 (7), part (Venezuela; Trinidad). CALOSPIZA CABANISI Sclater. CABANIS TANAGER. Adult (male?).—** Above greenish blue; wings and tail black, mar- gined with blue; interscapulium green; cap black, margined with blue; beneath pale greenish blue, middle of belly whitish; breast-feathers spotted with black; bill black, at base plumbeous; feet black; whole length, 144.8; wing, 86.4; tail, 58.4.7? ** Hab. —Costa Cuca district of Guatemala. ‘The characters are taken from the unique specimen in the Museum ot Berlin, which I examined in 1868.” (Sclater.) 1 Original measurements given in inches and tenths. o. . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 43 The above very imperfect description may be supplemented by the following, taken from the colored plate cited: Pileum with feathers black centrally, margined with light blue, becoming light green on nape; interscapular region light green, the feathers with black central spots (partly exposed); wings black, the greater coverts and secondaries edged with blue, the lesser coverts molly blue (more greenish along posterior margin); beneath very pale greenish, the feathers of lower throat and sides of chest (not the breast, as in the description quoted) with large central spots of black; lores black. | Calliste s. Callispiza sclateri (not Calliste sclateri Lafresnaye) CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., xiv, May, 1866, 163 (Guatemala; coll. Berlin Mus. ). Calliste cabanisi ScuatTEr, Ibis, 2d ser., iv, Jan., 1868, 71, pl. 3 (Costa Cuca, w. Guatemala; coll. Berlin Mus.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 123.— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 271. [ Calliste] cabanisi ScLATER and Satyrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. CALOSPIZA GYROLOIDES (Lafresnaye). BLUE-RUMPED GREEN TANAGER, Adult male.—Head, except throat, uniform bright reddish chestnut or bay; general color of upper parts bright yellowish grass green, separated from bay of head by a more or less distinct nuchal band or half-collar of yellow; rump cerulean or turquoise blue, the feathers green immediately beneath surface, gray basally; lesser wing-coverts mostly yellow; under parts cerulean or turquoise blue (the feathers green immediately beneath surface and gray at base), passing into yel- lowish green on upper part and sides of throat, the sides and flanks more or less tinged with green; under tail-coverts and posterior por- tion of flanks clear yellowish green; thighs cinnamon; bill blackish brown, becoming paler on basal portion of mandible; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 121.9-141 (128.8); wing, 71.1-82.6 (77); tail, 47.5-54.6 (51.3); exposed culmen, 9.9-12.2 (10.7); depth of pill at base, 4.8-6.1 (5.6); tarsus, 16.5-19.6 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-12.7 (11.9).? Adult female.—Similar in coloration to the adult male, but much duller; head much duller chestnut, sometimes strongly olivaceous on pileum, the color without the sharp definition of the male; blue of rump more restricted, sometimes obsolete; lesser wing-coverts with less yellow, sometimes merely tinged with yellow; blue of under parts paler, more greenish (nile blue, more turquoise on breast); length (skins), 121.9-139.7 (131.8); wing, 69.6-76.2 (73.2); tail, 47.8-50.8 ' Fifteen specimens. 44 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (48.8); exposed culmen, 9.7—-10.9 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.8 (5.6); tarsus, 16.5-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 11.7—-12.7 (11.9)." Immature female.—Entirely green above, including head and neck, the color duller than in the adult female; beneath pale green, broken by more or less exposed buffy whitish, this forming a subterminal spot or bar to each feather, the middle portion of feathers of chest more grayish, with a darker grayish bar between the light gray and the green tip; abdomen and under tail-coverts yellowish white, tinged with pale green. Immature mate. Similar to immature female, but green of head interspersed with orange-chestnut feathers and abdomen largely pale blue. Costa Rica (Guaitil; Turrialba; Barranca; Dota; Savanilla de Pirris; Navarro; Cartago; San Marcos; Sarché de Alajuela, etc.) and south- ward through Colombia and Ecuador to Peru (Chyavetas; Cosnipata; Rio Javarri; Mapoto), western Bolivia (Mapiri) and upper Amazons (Ega; Maribatanas). Aglaia gyrola (not Tanagra gyrola Linnzeus) LAFRESNAYE and D’Orsieny, Mag. de Zool., 1837 (Synopsis Avium, i, p. 32). Tanagra gyrola (not of Linneeus) D’OrpBicNy, Voy. Amer. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 272. Callospiza gyrola Tscnup1, Wiegmann’s Archiv. fir Naturg., 1844, 286 (Peru); Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1847, 202. Aglaia peruviana (not Tanagra peruviana Desmarest) Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 356 (Peru; coll. W. Hooker). C[alliste] cyanoventris (not Tanagra cyanoventris Vieillot) Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 366. ' Nine specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: | | Depth z Locality. | Wing. | Tail. fexpeeee of bill | Tarsus. Made | ‘Jat base. ; MALES. | Four adult males from Costa Rica .........-.----.-- 80 52.8 | 11.4 | 5.8 18.5 1252, Three adult males from Veragua and Panama..... 75.7 51.1 | 10.9 | 5.6 18.3 12.7 Five adult males from Colombia (Bogota) .......-.-- 77.9 51.8 | 10.2 Oe 17.5 Loa Three adult males from eastern Ecuador. --.-----.--- 72.9 48.5 | 10.4 5.1 17 11.2 FEMALES. Two adult females from Costa Rica........-------.- 74.9 49.8 | 10.7 5.8 18 12.4 Two adult females from Veragua and Chiriqui-..-.. 73.2 48.8 | NOSAS Ee see eee 18 12.4 Four adult females from eastern Ecuador ---.-..-----. 72.6 50.3 10.4 o:8 17.3 12.2 Onesadult female trom /Peru= sca soe. see ee 69.6 47.8 10.2 5.8 17.8 2.2 Adult males from Ecuador and Colombia appear to have the yellow nuchal half- collar much more distinct than those from Panama, Veragua, and Costa Rica, wnile those from eastern Ecuador are of rather a greener blue below than those from Colombia and northward. It is possible the species may require subdivision, put a much larger series of specimens will be necessary to determine the question. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 45 Gyrola cyanoventris BoNApartr, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, Mar., 1851, 139; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 13. Aglaia gyroloides LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., x, Sept., 1847, 277, in text (Central America). C[alliste] gyroloides Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 17. [ Calliste] gyroloides Bonarartr, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 234.—Sciarer and Saxvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. Calliste gyroloides ScuaTER, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 67; Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1854, 115 (prov. Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 158 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 142, 255 (monogr.); 1857, 264 (up. Amazon); 1858, 74 (Rio Napo, e. KEeuador), 453 (Zamora, e. Ecuador); 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador); 1860, 87 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 81; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 57, pl. 26 (David, Chiriqui; Bogota; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; wood region e. Peru; e. base Bolivian Andes); Cat. Am. Birds; 1862, 67 (Bogota; e. Peru); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 117 (Guiatil and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Santa Fé, Calovevora, Veragua, Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; Bogota, Remedios, and Con- cordia, Colombia; San José, Sarayacu, and Rio Napo, Ecuador; Ega, up. Amazon; e. Peru).—Cassin, in Gilliss’s Rep. U. S. Astr. Exp., ii, 1855, 182, pl. 19, fig. 1 (Peru).—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 332 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 98 (Barranea, Guiatil, and Dota, Costa Rica).—ScuaTEr and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Panama R. R.); 1867, 749 Chyavetas, e. Peru); 1873, 185 (Cosnipata, e. Peru), 261 (Rio Javari and Chyavetas, e. Peru); 1879, 499 (Antioquia, Colombia), 599 (Bolivia).— Frantzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 298 (Savanilla de Pirris, etc., Costa Rica).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Santa Fé, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 186 (Volean de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Boquete de Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, Veragua).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 025 (bet. Bucaramanga and Rio Magda‘tena, Colombia).—PErLzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 207 (Maribatanas, up. Amazon).—TaczaNnowsk1I, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 514 (centr. Peru); 1882, 11 (Huambo, Ecuador); Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 463.—BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Navarro, Costa Rica).—Brr.eprsou, Journ. fiir Orn., 1883, 289 (Bucaramanga, Colom- bia).—BrrLEepscH and TaczanowskI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 545 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 270.—TaczaNnowskr and BrruepscH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 78 (Mapoto, centr. Ecuador).—ZeELEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Sarché de Alajuela, and Los Anonas de San José, Costa Rica).—ALLen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., li, 1889, 71 (Quito, Ecuador), 81 (Mapiri, Bolivia).—Currrir, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (Pozo Azul del Pital and San Mar- cos, Costa Rica).—Satvaporr and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 15 (San José and Valle del Zamora, e. Ecuador; Gualea, w. Ecuador; crit. ). C(alliste] gyroloides Dusots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (6), (erit.). [ Calliste gyrola| var. @. gyroloides Dusots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 1874 (8). Callispiza gyroloides Satvavort, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 174 (Costa Rica). Calospiza gyroloides STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Ibaque, centr. Colombia): 46 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CALOSPIZA LAVINIA (Cassin). LAVINIA’S TANAGER,. Adult male.—Head, except chin and throat, bright glossy orange- maroon, or madder brown; rest of upper parts mainly bright glossy yellowish grass green, or parrot green, the feathers of the hindneck broadly tipped with saffron yellow, producing a more or less con- spicuous half-collar; wings yellowish grass green, the middle and greater coverts tinged with rusty, the remiges (except tertials) edged for basal half or more with orange-brown or rufous; under parts, including throat, clear bright yellowish green, the abdomen turquoise blue; chin turquoise blue, or tinged with that color, margined ante- riorly with brownish red; thighs russet; maxilla horn brown, man- dible paler; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 120.7-135.9 (125); wing, 69.9-71.9 (70.6); tail, 465. 241.2 2 a aye exposed culmen, 9.7-10.7 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 5.6-6.6 (6.1); tarsus, 17.3-18 (17.5); middle toe, 12.4—12.7.’ Adult female.—Much duller than adult male, and without the brownish red head; above plain glossy yellowish grass green, some- times tinged anteriorly with dull orange, especially on pileum; edges of remiges more or less tinged with yellowish olive basally; under parts halt green, changing to light turquoise or nile blue on ubdo- men; bill oa feet as in adult male; length (skins), 114.3; wing 65.8-66.8 (66.3); tail, 43.2-48.4; ceed culmen, 10.2-10.7 (10. 4): depth of bill at base, 5.1—-5.3; tarsus, 16.5— 17.8; middle toe, 1.04-12.7 (11.4).” Nicaragua (Chontales) to Isthmus of Panama (Rio Truando, ae: ) Calliste lavinia Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., x, 1858, 178 (Rio Truando, n Colombia; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.); 1860, 142, pl. 1, fig. 1 (do.).— Sciater, Ibis, 1863, 451 (Isth. Panama); 1876, 409 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Veragua); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 116 (do.).—Sa.vin, Ibis, 1872, 315 (Chontales; crit.).—Zetepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Costa Rica). [ Calliste] lavinia ScuaTer and Satviy, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. Calliste lavinie SAtvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 271. CALOSPIZA DOWII (Salvin). DOW’S TANAGER. Adults (sexes alike). —Head, neck, and chest black, the feathers of the latter broadly margined with light green (becoming more ochra- ceous posteriorly, especially on sides of chest), producing a conspicu- ously scaled appearance; feathers in center of occiput tipped with russet, forming a small spot; feathers of hindneck, sides of neck, and auricular region tipped with light green (changing to pale buffy), these markings larg ger on hindneck; back and secapulars plain greenish ————$——- —_—__—— ————————— 1 Four specimens. * Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. AQ black; rump bright opalescent green, changing to blue on upper tail- coverts, all the feathers blackish beneath the surface; lesser wing- coverts rich blue (varying from cobalt to light smalt); rest of wings and tail black with blue edgings; under parts of body, and under tail- coverts, plain light cinnamon or cinnamon-ocher, paler next to squa- mately marked feathers of chest; maxilla black, mandible blackish terminally, horn color basally (in dried skins); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Young (jirst plumage).—Head, neck, back, and scapulars dull black, broken on sides of neck and on auricular region by pale greenish buffy or buffy greenish tips to the feathers; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish blue; rest of wings and tail dull blackish with greenish blue or bluish green edgings; rump and upper tail-coverts dusky olive, the feathers tipped with pale dull greenish; under parts of body and under tail- coverts plain light cinnamon or cinnamon-ocher, paler on chest, where spotted with dusky. Adult male.—Length (skins), 137.2-144.8 (141); wing, 68.6—70.6 (69.6); tail (one specimen), 49; exposed culmen (one specimen), 9.1; depth of bill at base, 5.6-5.8; tarsus, 19.8; middle toe, 12.2-19.4." Adult female.—Length (skins), 129.5—-132.1 (131.3); wing, 68.6—70.1 (69.3); tail, 46.5-49.3 (48); exposed culmen, 9.4; depth of bill at base, 5.16.1 (5.6); tarsus, 18.8-19.6 (19.1); middie toe, 11.9-12.2 (12.1).’ Costa Rica (San José; Rancho Redondo; Turrialba; Navarro; Guad- alupe; Cartago; TIraztii; Quebrada Honda) and Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu). Calliste dowii Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 168 (‘San José,”’ i. e., Rancho Redondo de San José, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin-Godman?) ; 1870, 187 (Cor- dillera del Chucu, Veragua); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser., xiii, 1864, 104.—Sciarer, Ibis, 1863, 451, pl. 12 (San José, Costa Rica).—Law- RENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (San José, Turrialba, and Navarro, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. ftir Orn., 1869, 298 (Guadalupe and San José, Costa Rica).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Navarro, Costa Rica).—ZEtEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Cartago? and Rancho Redondo de San José). [ Calliste] dowii ScLaTER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. Calliste dowi Satvrx and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 272 (Irazu, ete., Costa Rica, etc.).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 124 (Que- brada Honda, ete., Costa Rica, etc. ). CALOSPIZA LARVATA LARVATA (Du Bus). GOLDEN-MASKED TANAGER, Adult male.—Anterior portion of forehead and malar region, chin, lores, and eyelids black; posterior portion of forehead, suborbital region, and most of malar and auricular regions campanula blue, with a narrow posterior margin of light greenish blue (nile blue); crown, 1Two specimens. 2 Three specimens. 48 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. occiput, hindneck, and sides of neck golden buff, changing from deep orange-buff to oil green, according to inclination of the light; throat cinnamon-rufous, usually separated from black of chin by a narrow line of pale bluish; back, scapulars, chest, and sides of breast uniform deep black; lesser wing-coverts rich campanula blue, the middle coy- erts bright nile blue; rump glossy light blue (changing from nile blue to turquoise); upper tail-coverts black, broadly margined with light bluish green; wings (except lesser and middle coverts) black, the greater coverts edged with light blue and greenish, the remiges and rectrices with light yellowish green, more buffy on tertials; abdomen and median portion of breast white; anal region and under tail-coverts pale butfy, the latter with concealed central portion dusky; sides rich sampanula blue, passing into light greenish blue (turquoise or nile blue) on flanks; bill black; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 116.8-132.1 (122.9); wing, 68.1-72.6 (71.1); tail, 45.7-50.8 (48.8); exposed culmen, 8.9—-10.2 (9.7); depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.3 (5.1); tarsus, 16.3-18.5 (17.5); middle toe, 10.4-12.7 (11.7).? Adult female.—Very similar to the adult male and apparently not always distinguishable, but usually slightly duller in coloration; length (skins), 116.8-132.1 (123.2); wing, 65.5-69.9 (67.8); tail, 45.2-49.5 (47.2); exposed culmen, 10.2; depth of bill at base, 5.1-5.6 (5.3); tar- sus, 17-17.8 (17.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.4 (10.9).” Young, jirst plumage.—Head and neck (except chin and throat) dull light green (chromium green), each feather with a small central spot of dusky; lores, eyelids, anterior portion of malar region, and chin dusky; throat, median line of chest (narrowly), median portion of breast, and abdomen dull whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish; a patch on each side of chest and breast greenish dusky; sides dull gray- ish, becoming more buffy on flanks; anal region and under tail-coverts pale buffy; back dull dusky greenish, with a blackish patch on each side; lower back and rump dull greenish; lesser wing-coverts dull, light greenish blue; middle coverts dusky basally, dull light bluish green terminally; rest of wings and tail dusky, with yellowish green edgings. 'Ten specimens, those from different areas averaging as follows: | : Depth oe Too -+ |Exposed! of bill .| Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. euler Maal Tarsus. rae base. MALES. Four adult males from southern Mexico...........- 71.9 49.8 9.4 5.1 a7 11.4 Five adult males from Guatemala (some of doubt- | PUL ROR) Pee acta ee tee eas cote ae eee eee 70.6 47.2 9.9 5.1 17.8 11.7 One adult male from northern Honduras .......... 71.6 50.3 OPO) sone cas 18.3 11.4 | t * Three specimens, all from southern Mexico. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 49 Southern Mexico, in States of Chiapas (Ocuilapa; Palenque) and Tabasco (Teapa), to northern Honduras (Rio Blanca; Rio Chamelecon; San Pedro). Calliste larvata Du Bus, Esquiss. Orn., 1845 (?), pl. 9 (Tabasco, s. e. Mexico).— Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 236.—Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 19, 260; (monogr.; Tabasco; Rio Chamelecon, Honduras); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 86; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 81, pl. 36; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 70 (Choctum, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 124, part. —SciaTER and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Rio Chamelecon); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Satviny, Ibis, 1859, 467 (Yzabal, Guatemala).— Satvrn and Sciater, Ibis, 1860, 33 (Yzabal, Guatemala).—Satvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, i, 1883, 274, part (Tabasco, s. Mexico; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Yzabal, Choctum, and Chisec, Guatemala; Rio Chamelecon and San Pedro, Honduras). [ Calliste larvata] ScLaTER and Satvry, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19, part (s. Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras). Clalliste] larvata Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17.—Dusors, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxvili, 1874 (8), (s. Mexico). Tatao larvatus BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, March, 1851, 42; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 16. Calliste larvata typica Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 125, in text. [ Calliste larvata] a. subsp. typica SctaTErR, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 125, in list of specimens (localities in Guatemala, Brit. Honduras, and Honduras). [ Calliste lurvata] var. fanny (not Aglaia fanny Lafresnaye) Dusots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (8), part (Guatemala). (2?) Calliste lavinie (not C. lavinia Cassin) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 1896-97 (1899), 223 (Santo Tomas, Guatemala). CALOSPIZA LARVATA FANNY (Lafresnaye). MRS, WILSON’S TANAGER, Similar to @. /. larvata, but averaging slightly smaller, colors of head and sides paler, and greenish edgings to remiges, rectrices, and greater wing-coverts less distinct, sometimes altogether wanting on tail and greater wing-coverts; general color of head lighter golden buffy with more pronounced greenish and less pronounced reddish hue in opposite positions to the light, and not conspicuously darker on throat; blue of forehead and cheeks paler; that of sides and flanks also paler, with very little purplish blue anteriorly (sometimes none); blue of rump and smaller wing-coverts also paler. Young, first plumage.—Head and neck light bluish green (mala- chite), the feathers dusky grayish basally, producing a minutely mot- tled appearance; back and scapulars dusky grayish green, becoming nearly black on outermost scapulars; rump light bluish green (mala- chite); under parts dull whitish, becoming grayish laterally, the throat and chest freckled with grayish; anal region and under tail-coverts pale brownish buffy; wings and tail as in adults, but lesser and mid- dle wing-coverts light grayish green instead of blue. 3654—voL 2?—01——4 50 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult male.—Length (skins), 105.4-130.8 (118.1); wing, 66.8-71.4 (69.6); tail, 45.5-50.3 (47.5); exposed culmen, 9.1—10.4 (9.7); depth of bill at base, 4.8-5.8 (5.1); tarsus, 16.3-17.8 (17.3); middle toe, 11.2- 12.2 (11.7). | Adult female.—Length (skins), 113-123.2 (117.3); wing, 64.3-70.4 (66.3); tail, 48.9-46.7 (45.2); exposed culmen, 8.4-10.2 (9.7); depth of bill at base, 4.6-5.3 (5.1); tarsus, 15.7-16.8 (16.5); middle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).* Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) to northern Colombia (province of Antioquia). Aglaia fanny LaArresNAyE, Rev. Zool., x, Mar., 1847, 72 (Colombia; coll. Lafresnaye ). C[alliste] fanny Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, App., 1849, 17.—Dvsots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, 1874 (7), part (crit. ). [ Calliste] fanny Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 236.—Drs Murs, Icon. Orn., 1876, pl. 56, fig. 1. [ Calliste larvata] var. fanny Dusors, Bull Ac. Roy. Belg., xxxviii, July, 1874, 8, part (Colombia). Calliste larvata var. fanny Boucarp, Cat. Avium, 1876, 242, no. 7560 ( Veragua) . Calospiza larvata fanny Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). Calliste francisce Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142, 261 (David, Chiri- qui) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 87; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 83 (Chiriqui); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359 (Panama).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 142 (Turbo, n. Colombia).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298, 332 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 98 (Angostura, San José, and Turri- alba, Costa Rica).—Sciarer and Saryin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Cordillera de Tolé and Santa Fé, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 187 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Mina de Chorcha, Chitra, Laguna del Castillo, and Calovevora, Veragua) .— Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Costa Rica). ! Twelve specimens. * Hight specimens. Specimens from different areas average as follows: | Ex- | Depth NT; Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | of bill | Tarsus. aides | culmen. at base. ; MALES. | Three adult males from Nicaragua ........---..---- 69.9 48.5 | 9.4 | 5.3 17.3 11.4 Three adult males from Costa Rica ........--...---- 71.1 47.5 | 10.2 5.3 17.3 19 Three adult males from Veragua and Chiriqui ....- 69.9| 47.8 | 9.7 5.1 1753 Lie? Three adult males from Isthmus of Panama ......-. 67.8 |. 45.7 9.7 4.8 17 11.9 | FEMALES. Three adult females from southern Honduras (Se- | SOVIG RIVEL) ceceess=l econ ce eiee cece eens BS eae 65.8 44.7 9.7 5.3 16.5 10.9 Two adult females from Nicaragua.... Rvs cttacees 67.3 45, 2 9.9 4.8 16.3 10.9 One adult female from Costa Rica.......--......--- 68.6 46751 SG eee 5.1 16.8 10.9 One adult female from Isthmus of Panama ........ 64.5 44,2 | Sane as6als alba 10.9 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Bilt Calliste francesce LAwrENcE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 176 (David, Chiriqui), 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua) . Calliste larvata francesce ScuATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 125, in text. [ Calliste larvata] b. subsp. francesce Scuarer, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 125, in list of specimens (Chontales, Nicaragua; Turrialba and Angostura, Costa Rica; Cordillera de Tolé, Calovevora, Mina de Chorcha, Santa Fé, and Castillo, Veragua; Panama and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Remedios, proy. Antioquia, Colombia). Callispiza franciser Satvaport, Atti Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 175 (Costa Rica) . , Calliste larvata (not of Du Bus) Sciarer, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 64 (Chi- riqui; Veragua).—Cassin, in Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. (Gilliss), ii, 1855, 182, part, pl. 18, fig. 2 (Central America; Colombia).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 316 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Na- ranjo, Orosi, and San Carlos, Costa Rica).—ScuaTer and Savin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, 499 (Antioquia, Colombia).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 274, part (Nicaraguan, Costa Rican, and Colombian localities and references).—Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit.Mus., xi, 1886, 124, part.—ZeLEepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Naranjo de Cartago, Jiménez, Trojas de Puntarenas, and Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica).—Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 585 (Segovia R., Hon- duras).—RicHmonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). CALOSPIZA INORNATA (Gould). PLAIN-COLORED TANAGER, Adult male.—Above plain slate-gray, paler and more bluish on rump and upper tail-coverts; lesser wing-coverts bright cerulean or tur- quoise blue, more purplish blue on lower portion and along posterior margin; rest of wings and tail dull black or dusky, with slate-gray edgings; sides of head and neck like pileum, ete.; lores, apex of malar region, and anterior margin of chin blackish; lower chin, throat, chest, sides, and flanks dull light gray, the first inclining to white; median portion of breast and abdomen white, the lower portion of the latter tinged with buffy; under tail-coverts dull white or pale buffy, the longer feathers with concealed portion mostly grayish; maxilla black; mandible grayish with dusky tip; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 109.2-130.8 (119.4); wing, 66.5-68.1 (67.3); tail, 45.2- 48.3 (46.5); exposed culmen, 8.4—-9.4 (8.9); depth of bill at base, 5.1— 5.6; tarsus, 16-17.3 (16.8); middle toe, 11.7-11.9 (11.8).’ Adult female.—Similar to the male and not always distinguishable, but usually (7) very slightly duller in color; length (skins), 114.3—- 119.4 (116.8); wing, 63-64 (63.5); tail, 41.7-43.2 (42.4); exposed cul- men, 8.9; depth of bill at base, 5.6; tarsus, 16-16.8 (16.3); middle toe, 11.9-14 (13).’ 1 Five specimens. * Two specimens. 52 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Veragua to central Colombia (Bogota; Remedios; Nichi; Bucara- manga, etc.). Calliste inornata Gout, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 158 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. J. Gould).—Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 258 (monogr. ); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 84; Monogr. Calliste, 1857, 108, pl. 45; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359 (Panama); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 121 (Veragua; Panama, Lion Hill, and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Bogota, Remedios, Nichi, and Antioquia, Colombia).—Casstx, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 142 (Turbo, n. Colombia).—LAwreEncg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Sciarer and Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill); 1879, 499 (Antioquia).—Satvrin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1883, 273.—BrrLEpscH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 291 (Bucara- manga, Colombia). [ Calliste] inornata ScuaTeR and Sauivin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 19. Calliste ornata [lapsu] LAwrencr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vi, 1861, 352 (Panama R. R.; crit. ). Calospiza inornata BANGs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). CALOSPIZA CUCULLATA (Swainson). HOODED TANAGER, Adult male.—Pileum uniform very dark chestnut or rich seal brown; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dusky, the feathers sometimes indistinctly tipped with dull grayish blue; hindneck, sides of neck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain buffy, with golden gloss, or grayish green, according to position with reference to the light; wing-coverts grayish green (nearly french green), the lesser coverts somewhat more bluish (terre-verte green); remiges and rectrices black edged with green (broadly on secondaries and rectrices, the outer webs of tertials almost wholly green); chin and upper throat light greenish buffy, the bases of feathers dusky; lower throat and chest grayish blue changing to silvery buff, the color becoming gradually more cin- namomeous posteriorly, the under tail-coverts being wholly light cinnamon; maxilla blackish, mandible horn brownish (in dried skins) with blackish tips; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 128.3-141 (134.6); wing, 73.2-73.9 (73.4); tail, 52.6— 52.8; exposed culmen, 11.7-12.2 (11.9); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 19.6-20.6 (20.1); middle toe, 13.2." Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but pileum lighter, inclin- ing more to chestnut (sometimes bright chestnut); back, scapulars, ete., much greener (bright grayish green, lighter and sometimes slightly more buffy on lower rump; under parts dull greenish, with little if any of the blue and violet sheen of the adult male; length (skins), 128.2-143,.5 (137.2); wing, 70.6—-75.2 (73.2); tail, 51.8-52.8 (52.6); exposed culmen, 11.7-11.9 (11.9); depth of bill at base, 6.6-7.1 (6.9); tarsus, 18.8-20.1 (19.6); middle toe, 12.2-13.5 (13}.” 'Two specimens, both from island of Grenada. *Six specimens, all from the island of Grenada. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 53 Venezuela! (Angostura); island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. A[glaia] cucullata Swanson, Orn. Drawings, 1841, pl. 7 C[alliste] cucullata Gray, Gen. Birds, 11, 1844, 366. [ Calliste] cucullata Bonaparrn, paie Avy., i, 1850, 234.—Scniarer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 1 , Calliste cucullata a Rew et Mag. de Zool., ii, 1851, 140; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 14.—Scuarer, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 63 (‘‘ Brazil’’); Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 19, 253 (monogr.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 79; _ Monograph Calliste, 1857, 45, pl. 20 (Angostura, Venezuela); Ibis, 1876, 410; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886 113, part (Venezuela).—BuRMEIsTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 183 (‘‘ Brazil’’).—Cory, Cat. Birds W. L., 1892, 114, 151 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles). Calliste versicolor (not of Lawrence, 1878) Lawrencer, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 269 (Grenada); ix, 1886, 613 (Grenada; habits; descr. nest and eggs ).— SciaTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 113, part (Grenada; Venezuela). [ Calliste] versicolor Cory, List Birds W. I., revised ed., 1886, 11, part. CALOSPIZA VERSICOLOR (Lawrence). ST. VINCENT TANAGER. Similar to C. eucullata, but larger and lighter colored, the pileuni clear light chestnut or chestnut-tawny instead of very dark chestnut or seal brown. Adult male.—Pileum clear, bright, light chestnut or tawny-chestnut; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dusky, the last with feathers tipped with dull green or grayish green; hindneck, back, scapulars, and rump opalescent, changing from light silvery green to golden buff or even pinkish, according to direction of the light; upper tail-coverts dull grayish green; lesser and middle wing-coverts dull grayish bluish green; outer webs of greater coverts similar but more decidedly green; remiges and rectrices black broadly edged with dull green or grayish green, the outer webs of tertials and the middle rectrices almost wholly of this color; chin and upper throat pale greenish grayish, the feathers darker basally, producing an indistinctly freckled appearance; rest of under parts opalescent, changing from blue to lilac and golden accord- ing to direction of the light; under tail-coverts cinnamon, and more or less of this color showing on under parts of the body where plumage is disarranged; maxilla brownish black, mandible horn color (in dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 144.8-157.5 (149.4); wing, 76.7-78.7 (77.5); tail, 54.4— 55.9 (55.1); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.2 (12.7); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 6.9; tarsus, 20.8-21.3 (21.1); middle toe, 1414.7 (14.5).” Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but pileum lighter, more tawny; hindneck, back, scapulars, and rump dull opalescent green, changing to bright en green and eo buffy; under pane 'T have not seen specimens ae See fen may, or may not, be identical with Grenada examples. *Four specimens. 54 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. mainly dull light green, without the blue, lilac, or strongly golden changeable hues of the adult male; edgings to wings and tail more yellowish green; length (skins), 149.9-160 (154.2); wing, 75. 7-17. 7 (76.5); tail, 53.6-54.6 (54.1); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.4 (12.2); depth of bill at base (two specimens), 7.6; tarsus, 20.8—21.16 (21.3); middle toe, 14.2- 15.2 (14.7).* Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. Calliste versicolor LAwReNcE, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1, June, 1878, 153 (St. Vin- cent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 190, 487 (St. Vincent).—Cory, Birds W. I., 1889, 82 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 134, 151.—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 113, part (St. Vincent). [ Calliste] versicolor Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11 (St. Vincent). Calliste cucullata (not Aglaia cucullata Swainson) ScuaTer and SAtvin, Ibis, 1878, 357 (crit.).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 195 (St. Vincent); v, 1888, 157. [ Calliste] cucullata Cory, List Birds W. I., revised ed., 1886, 11 (St. Vincent). Genus TANAGRA Linneus. Tanagra Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 313. (Type, by elimination, T. episcopus Linnzeus or T. sayaca Linnzus.) Thraupis Bor, Isis, 1826, 947. (Type, Tanagra archepiscopus Desmarest, = T. ornata Sparrmann. ) Medium-sized Tanagers with exposed culmen decidedly shorter than middle toe without claw, tarsus not more than one-third as long as tail, maxillary tomium nearly straight, and with the head unicolored. Bill varying from slenderly conoid (7: ornata) to turgid conoid (7. honariensis), but usually intermediate between these extremes; exposed culmen more than half as long as tarsus, nearly straight for basal half or more, more or less strongly convex terminally, the tip slightly uncinate; gonys a little shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, -slightly convex or nearly straight, more or less ascending terminally; maxillary tomium nearly straight, distinctly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium slightly convex or nearly straight; width of bill at base equal to or exceeding its basal depth. Nostril exposed, small, nearly circular or horizontally oval, with narrow anterior and superior membrane. Rictal bristles inconspicuous. Wing rather long (a little more than four to about four and three-fourths times as long as tar- sus), rather pointed (ninth to sixth primaries longest, ninth longer than fourth, sometimes longer than sixth); primaries exceeding sec- ondaries usually by more than length of tarsus (by less in 7. darwin‘). Tail shorter than wing by about or more than length of tarsus, even or slightly emarginate, the rectrices of medium width, with rounded tips. Tarsus equal to or slightly longer than middle toe with claw; ' Three specimens. eT BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 55 lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. Plumage silky, blended. Coloration.—(1) Plain bluish gray, with blue or greenish wings and tail; (2) purplish olive or grayish, with light-colored wing-coverts and black remiges; (3) with bluish head and greenish-yellow lesser wing- coverts, or (4) with blue head and yellow or orange rump and under parts. Range. Argentina and Peru. ; Notwithstanding the great difference in the form of the bill between T. ornata and T. bonariensis, other species are so variously intermedi- ate in this respect that, taking into consideration also the fact that other considerable differences between the various species (both as to structure and style of coloration) are not correlated with one another, Tam unwilling to subdivide the genus as here defined. I must, how- ever, expunge the Aglaia cyanocephala D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye, usually placed in Zanagra, on account of its narrow nostrils with broad superior operculum, broad and depressed bill, shorter and more rounded wing, and longer tarsus." Continental tropical America, from southern Mexico to KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TANAGRA. a. Wings and tail blue, blue-green, or green; under parts pale gray, grayish blue, or grayish green. (Southern Mexico to Venezuela, and northern Peru. ) Tanagra cana (p. 59) aa. Wings and tail blackish, at least in part; under parts olive (sometimes glossed with purplish blue). b. Lores pale gray; bases of remiges light olive; adults without blue on head or neck. (Costa Rica to Amazon Valley. ) Tanagra palmarum melanoptera (p. 58) bb. Lores black; bases of remiges yellow; adults with head and neck blue. (South- ern Mexico to southern Honduras.) .---------------- Tanagra abbas (p. 60) TANAGRA CANA Swainson. BLUE TANAGER. Adult male.—Head, neck, and under parts plain pale grayish blue, sometimes faintly tinged with greenish; back and s ‘apulars darker erayish blue, usually more or less strongly tinged with glaucous-green, the rump and upper tail-coverts similar but brighter; lesser and middle wing-coverts bright campanula blue; rest of wings greenish blue (intermediate between glaucous-blue and turquoise), the tertials This I have made the type of a new genus, for which I inadvertently used (Auk, xv, July, 1898, p. 226) Cabanis’s name Hemithraupis, afterwards (Auk, xv, Oct., 1898, pp. 330, 331) correcting the error and renaming the genus Sporathraupis, but unfortunately committing another in giving a false derivation (at secondhand) for the name. 56 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. more greenish and the terminal portion of primaries blackish; tail greenish blue, like wings, with black shafts; maxilla black, mandible more grayish (bluish gray or grayish blue in life’); legs and feet black- ish or blackish gray (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 146.1—-161.3 (153.7); wing, 83.6-91.9 (89.4); tail, S ae 1 (65); exposed culmen, 11.7-18 (12. 4); depth of bill at ree 8.1 (7.1); tarsus, 19.1-20.3 (19.8); middle toe, 14.2-15.5 (14.7).* Adult female. come to adult male and not always distinguishable, but usually duller in color, more decidedly greenish, with lesser wing- coverts less purplish blue (cerulean or light cobalt instead of cam- panula); length (skins), 142.2-165.1 (152.1); wing, 82.3-88.1 (83.8); tail, 58.2-63.8 8 (61 .5); exposed culmen, 11.2-13.2 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 6.6—7.6 (6.9); tarsus, 18.8-20.8 (19.8); middle toe, 13.2-16 (14.7).? Dain, Similar to adults, but colors much duller; upper parts (except wings and tail) greenish gray, brighter or more decidedly greenish posteriorly; wings and tail bluish green, or glaucous-green, the lesser wing-coverts cerulean blue; under parts pale grayish green, tinged with yellowish. Young (first plumage).—Plain greenish gray, paler beneath; wings and tail dull green (bice green or chromium green), the edges of pri- maries more bluish; lesser wing-coverts greenish gray or grayish green. Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Orizaba; Cordova), and southward through Central America to Venezuela, western Ecua- dor, and northern Peru. T [anagra] cana Swainson, Ornith. Drawings [Birds of Brazil], part iii, 1834, pl. 37. (Locality not given.) ' Twelve specimens. * Twelve specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Depth : - Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | of bill | Tarsus. ade culmen.|jat base. , MALES. One adult male from Mexico (State of Vera Cruz) -. 86.1 65.3 D7 8.1 19.8 14.5 Two adult males from Honduras.......-......-.--- 87.6 62. 2 12.4 6.6 19.3 14,2 One adult male from Nicaragua .................-.. a7 64: 12.7 | Weal! 20.3 14.7 Three adult males from Costa Rica........----- sure 89.7 | 65.5 | 12.2 | ben 20.1 14.7 One adult male from Panama..........-..--------.| 90.7 | 66.8 1252 6.6 19.6 15 Four adult males from Colombia..............---.- 90.2 | 65.3 1259) 6.9 20.1 14,7 FEMALES. Three adult females from Mexico .........-.....--- 87.1 60.7 eat Snel: 20.1 15 Two adult females from Honduras .........-...---- 85.9 61 4 12.4 6:9 19.6 14.5 One adult female from Nicaragua ..............---- 87.9 63.8 13.2 | 7.6 20.1 15.2 | Two adult females from Costa Rica .............-.- 83. 8 62.5 ay 8 el: 19.3 14.7 One adult female from Panama ...............----- 86.4 61.2 13.2 7.4 19.6 14.2 Three adult females from Colombia ............---- 85.1 61.7 eT 7.4 20.3 14.2 | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. bt Tanagra cana SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, 157 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 232, part (Venezuela?; Bogota); 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, w. Poon 1860, 274 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador), 292 (Beeratans w. Ecuador); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 58; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 75, part (Venezuela?; Santa Marta and Bogota, Colombia; Pallatanga and Babahoyo, w. Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 156, part (s. Mexico to Venezuela and n. Peru).— Cassin, Proce. Reet Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 141 (Turbo, Colombia).—LAwreEncr, Am. Lye. N. Y., vii; 1861, 297 (isthenas Panama); ix, 1869, 236 (Puna I., Guayaquil, w. Ecuador).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 325 (Colombia, up to 8,000 ft.).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (San José, Costa Rica).— SciaTer and Sauvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 500 (Antioquia, Colom- bia).—Sa.vin and Goopmay, Ibis, 1880, 120 (s Sante Marta, Colombia); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 277.—Brr.uepscH and TaczANnowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 545 (Chimbo and Guayaquil, w. Ecuador); 1884, 290 (Cayan- deled, w. Ecuador ).—Beruepscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 291 (Bucaramanga, Colombia).—Taczanowsk1, Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1884, 486.—TaczaNowskI and BeruepscH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Yaguachi, w. Ecuador).— Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 580, 585 (Truxillo and Segovia R.., Honduras).—ZELEpoN, Anal. ve Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Alajuela, San José, Cartago, and Santa Maria de Dota, Costa Rica).—CHerrin, Auk, ix, 1892, 25 (San José, Costa Rica).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488 (Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; food).—Rosrnson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Barranquilla to Honda and Guaduas, Colombia).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—Satvaporr and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 17 (Vinces and Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 169 (Bonda, ete., prov. Santa Marta, Colombia). [ Tanagra] cana Scuater and Sauvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. (?) Th [raupis] cana Casants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 29 (Venezuela). (?) T Lanagra] ceelestis (not of Spix) Swarnson, Ornith. Drawings, 1841, pl. 41 (= young). Tanagra swainsoni Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364. Tanagra episcopus (not of Linnzeus) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala; deser.).—(?) CaBanis, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Gui- ana, lili, 1848, 670. Tanagra sayaca (not of Linnzeus) Bonapartrr, Rey. Zool., 1851, 170; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 21. Tanagra cyanoptera (not Saltator cyanopterus Vieillot) TaczANnowskt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 320 (n. Peru). Tanagra (Aglaia) diaconus Lesson, Rev. Zool., vy, June, 1842, 175 (Realejo, Nicaragua) . C[alliste] diaconus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 366. Tanagra diaconus Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142 (David, Chiriqui), 233 (Cordova, Vera Cruz; Guatemala; Realejo, Nicaragua; Chiriqui; Santa Marta, Colombia; monogr.); 1859, 59 (Omoa, Honduras; Belize, British Honduras; Peten, Guatemala), 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1864, 173 (City of Mexico); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 59; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 75 (Colom- bia; Honduras; Mexico); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 156.—ScLarer and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 16 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 350 (Isth. Panama); 1870, 836 (Honduras).—Satvin and Scriarer, Ibis, 1860, 33 (Duefias, Guatemala).—Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Honduras).—Cassrn, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (San José, Costa Rica).—LAwrencg, Ann. 58 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1865, 176 (David, Chiriqui), 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 99 (San José and Angostura, Costa Rica).—Satyin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 138 (Santa Fé, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 187; Ibis, 1872, 316 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 550 (hot region, Vera Cruz, up to 3,350 ft.).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Costa Rica. ) Tanagra cana diaconus Ripaway and Nurrine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, Sept. 5, 1882, 391 (La Palma, Costa Rica; habits).—Nurrinea, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vy, 1883, 499 (San José, Costa Rica); vi, 1883, 399 (Los Sdbalos, Nica- ragua).—Banes, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.); Auk, xviii, 1901, 32 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama). Tanagra diacomus [typographical error] Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 303 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). Thraupis diaconus CaBants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 330 (Costa Rica). TANAGRA PALMARUM MELANOPTERA (Sclater). BLACK-WINGED TANAGER,. Adult male.—General color plain glossy olive, glossed with purplish blue, darker on back and scapulars, and passing into light olive- greenish on forehead and crown, the auricular region also inclining to the same color; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts tinged with yellowish olive; lores, chin, and anterior portion of malar region pale gray; lesser wing-coverts dull grayish purplish blue, passing into yellowish olive on middle and greater coverts; primary coverts dull blackish or dusky, edged with greenish olive; remiges brownish black or sooty, faintly edged (especially on primaries) with olive, the basal portion abruptly and more or less extensively light greenish olive or yellowish olive in strong contrast; tail brownish black or sooty, with greenish olive edgings; bill blackish; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 157.5-175.3 (166.6); wing, 89.9-99.3 (95.5); tail, 68.8-78.2 (72.4); exposed culmen, 12.7-14.5 (13.2); depth of bill at base, 6.1-7.1 (6.6); tarsus, 20.1-21.8 (20.8); middle toe, 15- 17.5 (16.8).! Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and not always distinguish- able, but usually with less of the purplish blue or violet gloss, the back lighter olive, the yellowish olive of forehead and crown less dis- tinct, and the remiges more distinctly edged with olive; length (skins), 157.5-175.38 (166.9); wing, 90.9-96.5 (93.7); tail, 63.8-72.9 (69.3); 1 Six specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 59 exposed culmen, 13-13.2 (13); depth of bill at base, 6.1-7.1 (6.6), tarsus, 19.8—22.1 (21.1); middle toe, 14.7-17.5 (16.5).? Young (in first plumage).—Plain, rather light, olive, slightly paler, and decidedly tinged with yellow on under parts; remiges, primary coverts, and tail brownish black or sooty, the former indistinctly light olive basally. The series of specimens examined is much too imperfect to enable me to define very accurately the geographic range of this form. Indeed, Tam doubtful whether the bird from Colombia and Costa Rica is really the true 7. palmarum melanoptera, the type locality of which is eastern Peru. The National Museum possesses two specimens from that coun- try (headwaters of the Rio Huallaga). These have the wing and tail decidedly longer than any specimen seen from other localities. In coloration they agree closely with some specimens from the Lower Amazon (Diamantina), both having the back darker and the general violet gloss stronger than in any examples from Colombia and Costa Rica with which I have been able to compare them. One perplexing circumstance is the occurrence in the same locality ia the Lower Amazon district of specimens representing, as to colora- tion at least, both the typical 7. p. palmarum and 7. p. melanoptera. Eastern Nicaragua (Greytown) and Costa Rica (Tucurriqui; Naranjo; San José, Santa Rosa; Angostura; Turrialba) southward through Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, etc., to eastern Peru, Bolivia, Amazon Valley, and Trinidad. Tanagra olivascens (not of Lichtenstein, 1823) D’Orpiany, Voy. Amer. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 274.—Tscnup1, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1847, 204.—(?) Lroraun, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 295. ' Eleven specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Depth rear ie Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | of bill | Tarsus. ae culmen.|at base. Sr MALES. | Three adult males from Costa Rica................. 94,2 Wa 13.0 6.9 20.8 | 16.8 Oneadult male from Pamama:.-s.-.--.--2---c<<--- 93.5 73.4 LBW eSecwicise 20.3 | 16.8 Twosdultimales:trom Trinidad 2.--2.=.s--s+--+--6- 94 70.6 14 6.9 20.6 | 16 One adult male from British Guiana ..............- 97.5 72.9 3 6.9 20.6 | L753 Three adult males from Lower Amazon.........--- 94.7 71.4 seo, 6.1 20.8 | Aieo Two adult males from Upper Amazon (Rio Hual- Net al) pecan tee mee see ara aac e eke cc cise eee cores 98.6 76.7 ADS Saseee 20.3 | 17 FEMALES, | Three adult females from Costa Rica..............- 93.7 67.6 13 6.6 20.3 | 16.8 One adult female from Panama ...................- 92.2 67.6 13 6.9 215 3a 14.7 Two adult females from Lower Amazon........-.--- 94.7 72.6 13 6.1 21.3 RO 60 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tanagra palmarum (not of Maximilian) SciarEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 177 (Bogota, Colombia) ; 1856, 234, part (Bolivia); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 60, part (do.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 76, part (do.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 159, part.—Lawrenceg, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Sciarer and Saryry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 185 (s. Peru), 262 (upper and lower Ucayali, etc., e. Peru; habits); 1879, 500 (Antioquia, Colombia), 600 (Bolivia).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (Naranjo and San José, Costa Rica).—Satvin and Gopman, Ibis, 1880, 120 (Santa Marta, Colombia); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 279, part (mostly).—Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 13 (n. e. Peru).— Ripeway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vii, 1884, 173 (Trinidad ).—Zr.Epon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 109 (Naranjo de Cartago).—RicuMmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 18938, 488 (Greytown, Nicaragua). [ Tanagra] palmarum ScuaTer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21, part. Thraupis palmarum Frxscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 580 (Trinidad). Tanagra melanoptera ScuatTeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 235 (e. Peru; Bogota, Colombia; ex Hartlaub, manuscript); 1858, 74 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); 453 (Ecuador); 1860, 292 (Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 61; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 76 (Bogota, Colombia; Esmeraldas and Rio Napo, Ecuador; Trinidad ).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 82 (Trinidad).—Sciarer and Sayin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1866, 180 (Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 749 (Huallaga, e. Peru); 1868, 627 (Venezuela).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171.—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 138 (Santiago, Veragua).—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Santa Rosa, Angostura, and Turrialba, Costa Rica).—FRranrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 298 (Santa Rosa, Angostura, Turrialba, and Tucurrique, Costa Rica) .— PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 209 (Forte de Rio Branco; Forte de Rio Negro; Rio Murio).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 326 (Bucaramanga, Aguachica, and Ocana, Colombia).—Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 513 (centr. Peru). Tanagra palmarum melanoptera BerLepscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 291 (Bucara- manga, Colombia).—Taczanowsk1, Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 486.—CHAPMAN, Auk, vii, 1890, 267 (Santarem, lower Amazon; crit.); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 30 (Trinidad; habits).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 677 (Margarita I., Venezuela).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 141 (Santa Marta, Colombia); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., ii, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.).—ALuen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 169 (Bonda, ete., prov. Santa Marta, Colombia). [ Tanagra palmarum] b. subsp. melanoptera ScuaTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 160, in list of specimens (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Santiago, Veragua; Paraiso Station and Panama, Panama R. R.; Minca, Santa Marta, Remedios, and Bogota, Colombia; Rio Napo, Sarayacu, and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Yquitos and Sarayacu, e. Peru; Cangalli, Bolivia). (2?) Tanagra palmarum violilavata BerLterscn and Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 546 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador). TANAGRA ABBAS Lichtenstein. ABBOT TANAGER, Adult male.—Head and neck dull purplish (campanula) blue, becom- ing much paler and duller (more grayish) blue on throat; lores black; back olive (with a bluish gloss in certain lights), the feathers dusky centrally, producing a spotted appearance; scapulars, rump, and upper BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 61 tail-coverts plain yellowish olive, the rump and upper tail-coverts more or less tinged with gray; under parts (except throat) lighter, much more yellowish, olive, more or less glossed with purplish blue anteriorly and laterally; lesser wing-coverts olive-bluish; middle and greater coverts yellowish olive, the former with slightly bluish tips; alula, primary coverts, and remiges black, the first two edged with bluish olive or olive-bluish, the last (except outermost and one to three innermost primaries) extensively and abruptly clear light yellow (sul- phur or light canary) basally, that on secondaries mostly concealed by greater coverts; under wing-coverts pale yellow, with a broad exterior border of bluish olive or olive-bluish; tail blackish, with dark olive edgings, broader basally; bill black, the mandible grayish basally; legs and feet dusky (grayish in life?); length (skins), 157.5- 175.3 (168.1); wing, 94-102.4 (97.8); tail, 64-73.4 (68.3); exposed cul- men, 11.2-12.7 (11.9); depth of bill at base, 7.6—-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 20.8 22.6 (21.8); middle toe, 14.7-17.3 (16).* Adult female.—Similar to adult male, but blue of head and neek slightly duller, especially on throat, under parts less strongly tinged with blue, and black of wings and tail rather duller; length (skins), 163.8-167.6 (166.4); wing, 93.5-96.5 (95.3); tail, 65-68.8 (66.8): exposed culmen, 12.2-13 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.1 (8.1); tarsus, 20.8—22.4 (21.8); middle toe, 15.2-16 (15.5).? Young (first plumage).—No blue on head or neck; upper parts, except wings and tail, plain grayish olive, darker on back; under parts much paler olive, tinged with yellow posteriorly; wings and tail as in adults, but remiges, etc., and rectrices duller black, or dusky, the sec- ondaries with the basal yellow less pure and less sharply defined. Southern Mexico, in states of Tamaulipas (Alta Mira), Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Cordova; Orizaba), Mexico (valley of Mexico), Oaxaca, ete., 'Ten specimens. * Four specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Depth +3 Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus.| Be culmen./at base. ; MALES. Six adult males from eastern Mexico..............- 99.8 70.1 ne 7 7.9 2251) 16.5 Two adult males from Guatemala ...............--. 94.2 65.8 11.9 7.9 21.3 | Leet Two adult males from Honduras ............-.------ 96 66 D7 Tai!) 21.8 15 FEMALES. | Two adult females from eastern Mexico.......-...-- 95.3 66.5 12.2 7.9 O95 1 15.7 Two adult females from Honduras ..-...-...-------- 95 66.8 13 8.1 21.6 15.5 I am unable to discover any color difference between specimens from extreme points of the range of the species. 62 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. southward through Guatemala, British Honduras and Honduras to the Segovia River. Tanagra abbas LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 (Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus.); Journ. tiir Orn., 1863, 57.—Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 235 (monogr.; Cordova and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Honduras; Guatemala), 303 (Cordova); 1858, 358 (Lake of Yojoa Honduras); 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 378 (Teotalecingo and Villa Alta, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (valley of Mexico); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 61; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 76 (Mexico); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 162 (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Cahabon, Coban, Chisec, Duefias, and Retalhuleu, Guate- mala; San Pedro, Honduras).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 550 (hot and temperate regions Vera Cruz, up to 4,000 ft.).—ScLarErR and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras) .—Law- RENCE, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca).—Satvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 189 (Guatemala).—Satyiy and Gopmay, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 278. —FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 140 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 580 (Truxillo, Honduras), 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).—Ricumonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 631 (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas).—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa). [Tanagra] abbas Scuater and Sarvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21. Tanagra (Aglaia) vicarius Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1831, 206, pl. 68 (Mexico). Tanagra vicarius Bonapartg, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala) ; Consp. Av., i, 1850, 238; Rev. et Mag. de Zool., ili, 1851, 171; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 22.—Sciarer and Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 16, pl. 5, fig. 1, egg (Duefias, Guatemala; descr. eggs).—Moorr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 59 (Belize, British Honduras).—Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Lake Yojoa, Honduras). Th{raupis] vicarius CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 29 (Mexico). Genus SPINDALIS Jardine and Selby. Spindalis JAnpINE and Sexsy, Ilustr. Orn., new ser., 1836, pl. 9. (Type, S. bili- neatus JARDINE and Setsy, Tanagra nigricephala Jameson. ) Spizampelis Bry ant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 253. (Type, Tanagra pretrei Lesson. ) Medium-sized to rather small Tanagers, with exposed culmen decid- edly shorter than middle toe without claw, tarsus not more than one- third as long as tail, and maxillary tomium distinctly sinuated; adult males with head conspicuously striped with black and white, the plumage otherwise varied with black, yellow, orange (sometimes tawny or chestnut), and white; females with wing-coverts and second- aries edged distinctly with whitish or pale olive. Bill rather short (distance from nostril to tip of maxilla less than that from same point to anterior angle of eye), varying from stout to rather slender, triangular in vertical profile; culmen distinctly (usually strongly) convex; gonys slightly convex, shorter than length of maxilla to nostril, about equal to or a little less than width of mandible at base; depth of bill at base less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium rather distinctly notched subterminally, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 63 then nearly straight or faintly concave, more or less convex beneath nasal fossee; mandibular tomium first a little concave, then more or less convex to about the middle, thence nearly straight to the slight subbasal angle. Nostril exposed, broadly horizontally oval, with rather broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obvious but not conspicuous. Wing: a little less than four to about four and one-third times as long as tarsus, rather pointed (ninth to sixth or eighth to fifth primaries longest, the ninth longer than fifth); primaries exceed- ing secondaries by a little less to a little more than length of tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by less than length of tarsus, slightly divari- cate and emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow, with firm webs and rounded or very slightly pointed tips. Tarsus less than twice as long as exposed culmen, equal to or slightly exceeding middle toe with claw; lateral claws scarcely reaching to base of middle claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit, strongly curved. Coloration.—Adult males with head black, relieved by broad super- ciliary and malar stripes of white; wings and tail black, conspicuously marked with white; under parts with more or less yellow or orange, or both, sometimes with chestnut on chest; throat black laterally, white or yellow centrally or medially. Females and young much duller, with black replaced by olivaceous, the head without conspicu- ous (if any) stripes. Range.—Greater Antilles (Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Jamaica, Grand Cayman) and Cozumel Island, Yucatan. S. pretre? has been separated generically, doubtless on account of its slender bill, which is very different in form from that of S. nzgri- cephala and S. benedicti, but other species are intermediate, and I can see no good reason for subdividing the genus. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF SPINDALIS. a. Head black, with conspicuous white superciliary and malar stripes. (Adult males. ) b. Rump yellowish olive-green, similar to back, but slightly more yellowish; inner webs of lateral rectrices not extensively white. c. Larger (wing 92.2-100.6); hindneck olive-green, like back; lesser wing-coverts black; abdomen and flanks yellow. (Jamaica. ) Spindalis nigricephala, adult male (p. 64) ce. Smaller (wing 82.5-87.6); hindneck orange, forming a sharply defined col- lar; lesser wing-coverts chestnut; abdomen white, flanks grayish olive- green, indistinctly streaked with darker. (Porto Rico.) Spindalis portoricensis, adult male (p. 65) bb. Rump rufous-orange, orange-rufous, or chestnut very different from color (olive-green or black) of back; inner webs of lateral rectrices extensively white. c. Bill more slender (depth at base much less than distance from nostril to tip of ; maxilla); nuchal collar yellow or rufous-orange; whole rump rufus-orange or orange-rufous. d. Nuchal collar yellow; upper tail-coverts chestnut or chestnut-rufous; chest chestnuts «Gilaitis) esos sees Spindalis multicolor, adult male (p. 67) 64 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dd. Nuchal collar rufous-orange; upper tail-coverts rufous-orange, like rump; chest rufous-orange. (Cuba; Isle of Pines. ) Spindalis pretrei, adult male (p. 68) cc. Bill stouter (depth at base nearly equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla); nuchal collar chestnut, at least the upper portion; upper rump olive-green or black, like back; lower rump chestnut. d. Smaller (wing 73.4-81.0, tail 57.9-65.0) ; bill much narrower (depth at base 6.1-7.9). (Spindatlis zena. ) e. Back and scapulars uniform black (rarely very slightly mixed with olive- green). (Bahamas, except Abaco island. ) Spindalis zena zena, adult male (p. 70) ee. Back and scapulars dark yellowish olive, or at least much mixed with this color or olive-yellowish. (Abaco Island, Bahamas. ) Spindalis zena townsendi, adult male (p. 72) dd. Larger (wing 76.2-86.4, tail 63.0-68.1); bill much stouter (depth at base, 7.6-8.9); back and scapulars always yellowish olive. e. Median throat-stripe lemon yellow; lower rump chestnut. (Cozumel sland yeu Galtan) eee ere Spindalis benedicti, adult male (p. 73) ee. Median throat-stripe ‘‘ yellowish orange;’’ lower rump ‘‘ brownish orange.’’? (Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea. ) Spindalis salvini, adult male (p. 74) aa. Head olive-grayish, without distinct (if any) white superciliary or malar stripes. (Adult females.') b. Larger (wing 97.8, tail 74.7); abdomen yellow. Spindalis nigricephala, adult female (p. 65) bb. Smaller (wing less than 85.1, tail less than 66); abdomen not yellow. G) Under parts'streaked=s sss - sso" Spindalis portoricensis, adult female (p. 66) cc. Under parts not streaked. d. Larger (wing 76.2-81.5, tail 59.9-63.5) ; bill stouter (depth at base 7.6-8.1). Spindalis benedicti, adult female (p. 73) dd. Smaller (wing 68.6—76, tail 58.3-60.7); bill more slender (depth at base not more than 7.4). e. Larger (wing 71.1-76.4, averaging more than 72.4; tail 53.3-60.7, averag- ing 55.6 or more); bill stouter, averaging 7.1-7.4 in basal depth; color less strongly olivaceous. fs GURY Cr Ree 2 ase. eee cae ees Spindalis zena zena, adult female (p. 71) Jf. More olivaceous. .<..-.--- Spindalis zena townsendi, adult female (p. 72) ee. Smaller (wing 68.6-71.1, averaging 70.1, tail 50.8-54.1, averaging 52.6) ; bill more slender (averaging 5.6 in basal depth); color more strongly olivaceous# 22552 a-4ee- Bee eee Spindalis pretrei, adult female (p. 69) SPINDALIS NIGRICEPHALA (Jameson). JAMAICAN SPINDALIS, Adult male.—Head and upper neck black, relieved by a broad super- ciliary stripe (extending to nape), 2 broad malar stripe, and a patch covering chin and upper throat, of white: back, scapulars, ramp, and upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, more yellowish poste- riorly; under parts deep saffron or indian yellow, deepening into orange, or cadmium orange, on median portion of chest and foreneck, 1 Females of S. multicolor and S. salvini have not been seen by me. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 65 slightly tinged with olive laterally, especially on flanks; anal region and under tail-coverts white, the feathers grayish basally; axillars and under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with yellow; wings and tail black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the other secondaries and the primaries narrowly, margined with white; inner webs of lat- eral rectrices with a large terminal blotch of white on inner half; max- illa black, mandible bluish gray with blackish tip; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 165.1-186.7 (177); wing, 92.2-100.6 (97.3); tail, 71.6—-79.2 (75.7); exposed culmen, 12.2— 14 (13. 5); depth of bill at Pe 8.1-8.4 (8.4); tarsus, 21.8-23.9 (22.6); middle toe, 15.2—-16.8 (16.3). ' Adult female.—Pileum and sides of head plain dull olive-grayish, the feathers with indistinctly darker margins; chin, throat, and sides of neck plain light brownish gray; otherwise like the adult male, but lesser and middle wing-coverts greenish olive, black of greater coverts, remiges, primary coverts, and tail duller (the last w a middle pair of rectrices dusky brownish gray), yellowish olive-green of upper parts duller, and yellow of under parts slightly less intense; white terminal patch of inner web of lateral rectrices smaller; length (skin), 181.6; wing, 97.8; tail, 74.7; exposed culmen, 13.5; depth of bill at base, 8.1; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 16.8. ” Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. Tanagra nigricephala Jameson, Edinburgh New Philos. Journ., xix, 1835, 213 (Jamaica); L’ Institut, 11, 1835, 316.—Gossn, Ilustr. Birds J Jamaica, 1849, pl. 56. [Spindalis] nigricephala BoNAPARtE, Consp. Av.,i,1850, 240.—Sciarer and SALvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Spindalis nigricephala Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., | 1856, 230 (monogr.); 1861, 74; Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 56; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 77, excl. syn. part; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 166 (Moneague and Spanishtown, Jamaica ).— ALBRECHT, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 196.—Marcn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 198 (synonymy; descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 85; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 180.—Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 180. S[pindalis] nigricephala A. and E. Newron, Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. Spindalis bilineatus JARDINE and Setsy, Illustr. Orn., new ser., 1836, pl. 9 Tanagra zena (not Fringilla zena Linneeus) Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 231. Tanagra zenoides Des Murs, Icon. Orn., 1847, pl. 40. SPINDALIS PORTORICENSIS (Bryant). PORTO RICAN SPINDALIS. Adult male.—Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a white superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a white malar stripe (some- times also a small white spot in middle of forehead); a large black space on each side of lower throat; back, scapulars, rump, and upper 1 Five specimens. * One specimen, 3654—VOL 2 66 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tail-coverts plain olive-green, more yellowish posteriorly; a conspicu- ous collar of orange, commencing at posterior end of the white malar stripe and extending thence across sides of neck and hindneck; lesser wing-coverts chestnut-rufous; middle coverts olive-green; rest of wing dull blackish or dusky, the greater coverts and secondaries (especially the tertials) edged with grayish white, the secondaries sometimes edged with olive-greenish basally; outer webs of primaries more or less extensively white at base, this sometimes entirely concealed by primary coverts, sometimes extending beyond them; tail olive-dusky (the middle pair of rectrices paler, more olive or olive-grayish), with edges of rectrices olive-greenish basally, grayish terminally; inner webs of lateral rectrices usually edged terminally with white; chin and sides of upper throat white, flecked with black; median portion of throat (more or less broadly) clear yellow, passing into cadmium orange on median portion of foreneck (between posterior half, approxi- mately, of the lateral black spaces); chest, breast, upper abdomen, and anterior portion of sides yellow (lemon or gamboge) tinged with olive laterally; rest of under parts white medially, light grayish olive or olive-grayish laterally, the flanks indistincly streaked with darker; under tail-coverts with a central (mostly concealed) sagittate space of olive-grayish; maxilla black, mandible grayish (bluish gray or plumbeous in life); iris dark reddish brown’; legs and feet grayish dusky (plumbeous in life'); length (skins), 147.3-168.9 (157); wing, 82.6-87.4 (84.6); tail, 61.7-68.6 (64.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-13 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.9 (8.1); tarsus, 18.8-21.6 (20.1); middle toe, 14-15.5 (15).” Adult female.—Very different from the male. Above plain gray- ish olive, the rump, upper tail-coverts, edges of rectrices (basally), lesser wing-coverts, and edges of secondaries (sometimes also an indistinct collar across hindneck and sides of neck), yellowish olive- green; greater wing-coverts brownish gray, edged with pale olive- grayish or pale olive-greenish, passing into whitish terminally; rest of wings darker brownish gray, or dusky, the tertials edged with pale olive-grayish or olive-whitish, the other secondaries with yellowish olive-green, the primaries (more narrowly) with olive-whitish or pale olive-grayish or olive-greenish; sides of head plain grayish olive or olive-grayish like pileum, sometimes with a very indistinct supercil- lary stripe of paler; a broad whitish malar stripe, usually flecked with olive-grayish; beneath this, on sides of lower throat, a more or less extensive and distinct patch of olive-grayish; under parts whitish, more or less tinged with yellow on chest and breast and shaded with olive-grayish across chest and on sides and flanks, more or less dis- tinctly streaked with dusky, except on lower abdomen and anal region; bill, iris, legs, and feet as in male; length (skins), 147.3-154.9 (150.9); wing, 78.7-84.3 (81.5); tail, 59.2-65 (62.5); exposed culmen, 11.4— 'C. W. Richmond, manuscript. *Seven specimens, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 67 13.2 (12.4); depth of bill at base, 7.4-8.1 (7.6); tarsus, 20.1-29.1 (20.6); middle toe, 13-15.2 (14.5).' Immature male.—Similar to the adult male, but black of head replaced by olive, more or less blotched or mixed with black; white head-stripes less distinct, less purely white; orange patch on foreneck absent or slightly indicated, and yellow of breast, etc., paler; orange nuchal collar narrower, more yellow; wines and tail much as in adult female. Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. Tanagra portoricensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, 1866, 252 (Porto Rico). [Spindalis] portoricensis SCLATER and Sautvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 21.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Spindalis portoricensis GUNDLACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1874, 311; 1878, 159, 168; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 188.—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 197 (synonymy; descr. ); Birds W. I., 1889, 84 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 132.— ScuaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 167. Tanagra (Spindalis) portoricensis SuNDEVALL, Ofy. K. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., 1869, 596. SPINDALIS MULTICOLOR (Vieillot). HAITIAN SPINDALIS, Adult male.—Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a super- ciliary stripe and broader malar stripe of white, the former extend- ing to the nape; chin and upper throat also white: entire hindneck and sides of neck rich yellow (indian yellow); back yellowish olive- green, the scapulars similar but darker and somewhat mixed with dusky anteriorly; whole rump orange-tawny, becoming yellowish next to olive-green of back, the upper tail-coverts rather deeper orange- tawny, sometimes inclining to yellowish chestnut; lesser wing-coverts chestnut; rest of wings black, the middle coverts narrowly margined with olive-green, the greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with white, the other secondaries and the primaries more narrowly edged with white, the latter (except the outermost) white at base of outer web, forming a more or less extensive patch; tail black, the outermost rectrix with about the terminal half of inner web white (except at tip), the corresponding part of outer web also mostly white; next rectrix with a similar but slightly shorter patch of white on inner web; third with a large terminal or subterminal spot of white; median line of lower throat canary yellow, bordered along each side by a large patch of black (narrow and pointed anteriorly, broad and rounded posteriorly), extending posteriorly much beyond the yellow, or as far as the pos- terior extremity of the white malar stripe; space between posterior half of these black patches, extending considerably upon median por- tion of chest, chestnut; sides of chest, whole breast, and upper abdo- men bright yellow (lemon or gamboge); lower abdomen, anal region, 1 Seven specimens. 68 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and under tail-coverts white, the last with concealed basal portion of the feathers abruptly gray; flanks light grayish olive, indistinetly streaked with darker; maxilla black; mandible paler (bluish gray in life?); legs and feet dusky (bluish gray in life 4); length (skins), 157.5; wing, $3. 1—-86.4 (84.6); tail, 69.9-71.9 (70.9); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.2 (10.9); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 5.8; tarsus, 20.8—21.1; mid- dle toe, 13.7.? Adult female.—** Olive on the back and yellowish on the rump; under parts grayish, whitening at the vent” (Cory). ‘*Above olive; back slightly striated; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with olive; outer margins of wing-coverts whitish; beneath grayish white, clearer on the belly, with blackish shaft-stripes on the breast” (SCLATER). Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. Tlanagra] multicolor Virittor, Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 775 (“‘ Florides, les iles Baha- ma et de Saint-Domingue’’). Tanagra multicolor Virrtuor, Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 100, pl. 76. [Spindalis] multicolor Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 240.—SciaTer and Sayin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 21.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Spindalis multicolor ScuateR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 230 (monogr.); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 57; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 167.—Sauur, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 231.—Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 54, pl. (7); Auk, ili, 1886, 196 (synonymy; descr.); Birds W. L, 1889, 83 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 131.—Cuerrisz, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 13 (Catare and Aguacate, Santo Domingo; crit. ). Tanagra dominicensis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 92 (St. Domingo; Crt): SPINDALIS PRETREI (Lesson). CUBAN SPINDALIS. Similar to S. multicolor, but bill still more slender; adult male with nuchal collar rufous-orange (instead of yellow), lower rump rufous- orange (instead of deep orange-tawny), chest tawny-orange instead of chestnut, middle wing-coverts more broadly tipped with olive-green, greater coyerts more broadly edged with white, and black stripe on sides of throat much narrower. Adult male.—Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a white superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a still broader white malar stripe; chin white (confluent laterally with white malar stripes); median portion of throat clear rich yellow (canary or indian yellow), mar- gined on each side by a black stripe (narrow and pointed anteriorly, broader and rounded or subtruncate posteriorly); whole chest, lower foreneck (between posterior portion of lateral black throat-stripes), sides of neck and band or collar across hindneck orange-tawny or deep tawny-orange, that on the chest fading posteriorly into clear lemon yellow on median portion of breast and upper abdomen; sides and flanks pale olive-grayish; lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail- Two specimens, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 69 coverts white, the last with concealed basal portion of longer feathers abruptly gray; back and scapulars plain yellowish olive-green; rump tawny-orange or orange-tawny, more yellowish toward back; upper tail- coverts black basally, gray and olive-greenish terminally; lesser wing- coverts orange-chestnut; middle coverts black, broadly tipped with olive- green; rest of wings black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly edged with white, the other secondaries more narrowly edged with white or pale yellowish, the primaries still more narrowly edged with white or very pale grayish, the longer primaries with basal portion of outer webs white, forming more or less of a patch beyond tips of primary coverts; tail black, with more than terminal half of inner web of lateral rectrix white, the second with a little less white (about the terminal half), the third with a large white terminal space; inner webs of middle rectrices broadly edged with white; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray; legs and feet blackish gray (bluish gray in life 4); length (skins), 132.1-147.3 (138.2); wing, 70.6-74.9 (73.4); tail, 53.8-58.2 (56.1); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.4 (10.9); depth of bill at base, 5.6—-6.4 (5.8); tarsus, 17.5-19.6 (18.8); middle toe, 18.2-14.5 (13.5)." Adult female.—Very different in coloration from the male. Above (including pileum, sides of head, and hindneck) plain olive, becoming slightly lighter on rump; beneath much paler olive, slightly tinged with yellowish, the chin and a broad but not very distinct malar stripe whitish; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white, tinged with yellowish, the last with concealed portion abruptly brownish gray; wings and tail dusky, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged with white, very pale gray, or olive-whitish, the secondaries edged with light olive, the primaries very narrowly edged with pale gray, and the rectrices rather broadly edged with greenish olive; inner webs of two lateral rectrices with an indistinct paler space or blotch near tip; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 133. 142.2 (140); wing. 68.6—-71.1 (70.1); tail, 50.8-54.1 (52.6); exposed cul- men, 10.7-12.2 (11.4); depth of bill at base, 5.3-5.8 (5.6); tarsus, 17.5— 19.6 (18.3); middle toe, 12.7—14 (13.5).” Island of Cuba (including the Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. ' Seven specimens. * Five specimens. ’ Three adult males from the Isle of Pines, although in somewhat worn plumage, appear to be identical in coloration with Cuban specimens, but are somewhat larger. Average measurements are as follows: Depth | ar : 5 ., |Exposea| Depth | | Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. ecpeon of bill | Tarsus. fae © [at pase. | we: : Seven adult males from Cuba..........-...-.------- | 73.4 56.1 10.9 5.8 | 18.8 L3S5 Three adult males frome SleroL Pines): o- - soe =e == | WOs7 58. 4 11.9 6.1 19.1 oad With the exception of a pair from Monte Verde, all the specimens examined are from western Cuba. No females from the Isle of Pines have been seen by me. 70 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tanagra pretrei Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1831, 122, pl. 45 (‘‘ Brazil’ ).—LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zoel., 1839, 103 (Cuba; crit.). Tl anagra] pretrei Gray, Gen. Birds, 11, 1844, 365. [Spindalis] pretrei BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 248. Spindalis pretrei GUNDLACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1855, 476; 1861, 328; 1862, 189; 1872, 419; Repert. Fisico-Nat. ue i, 1866, 237.—Brewer, Proc. Bese OG: Ne eles vil, 1860, 8307.—Cory, Auk, 1886, 196 (synonymy; descr.); Birds W. L., 1889, 83 (do. ).—CHAPMAN, Bull, Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 309 (Trinidad, Cuba). Spindalis pretrti Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 168 (San Cristobal, Cuba).—Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 129. [Spindalis] pretrii Scharrer and Sauyrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 21.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Tanagra (Spindalis) pretrei GuNpuacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1871, 266, 275. Tanagra zena (not FPringilla zena Linneeus) Vicors, Zool. Journ., iii, no. xi, Dee., 1827, 441 (Cuba).—D’Orsiany, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Guta: Ois., 1839, 65, excl. syn. part, pl. 11. Tl anagra] zena Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365 part. Spindalis zena ScuatTer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 231 (monogr.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 57, part (Cuba). SPINDALIS ZENA ZENA (Linneus). BLACK-BACKED SPINDALIS. Adult male.—Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a broad superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and a still broader malar stripe ot white; chin white; a band across hindneck (extending across sides of neck to posterior extremity of white malar stripe) chestnut, becom- ing lighter and more yellowish (sometimes dull orange-yellow) pos- teriorly; back and scapulars uniform black (rarely slightly intermixed with olive-greenish); upper rump dull yellowish (gallstone or ocher yel- low), passing into bright chestnut on lower rump; upper tail-coverts black; wings and tail black; lesser wing-coverts partly dark chestnut; greater coverts and tertials very broadly edged with white, the other secondaries less broadly and primaries very narrowly edged with the same, the last with basal portion of outer webs white, forming a more or less extensive spot or patch; inner webs of middle rectrices edged (more or less broadly) with white; inner web of outermost rectrix with more than terminal half white, the next with nearly the terminal half white, the third usually with a terminal white spot of greater or less extent; throat with two broad lateral stripes of black (narrower and more or less pointed anteriorly, much broader and rounded or sub- truncate posteriorly), these inclosing a median stripe (of varying extent) of rich yellow (indian yellow or rich lemon yellow); space between broad posterior extremities of black lateral throat stripes, and more or less of chest, chestnut; sides of chest, breast, and upper por- tion of abdomen yellow, usually more or less suffused with chestnut; flanks pale olive-grayish, sometimes broadly streaked or longitudinally BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. il clouded with blackish, rarely with these broad black streaks very heavy; abdomen and under tail-coverts white, the last with concealed subbasal spots of dusky; maxilla black, mandible bluish gray with blackish tip; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 187.2-152.4 (147.3); wing, 73.4-81 (77.5); tail, 57.9-65 (61.5); exposed culmen 9.7-13 (11.4); depth of bill at base, 6.1-7.9 (6.9); tarsus, 18.3-20.3 (19.8); middle toe, 13-15 (14.2).' Adult female.’—Above plain, rather light, olive or olive-grayish, the feathers of the pileum very indistinctly darker centrally; wines and tail dusky, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged with dull whitish or very pale olive, the secondaries more narrowly edged with pale olive, the primaries with outer webs narrowly edged with pale grayish or grayish white and abruptly white at base, forming amore or less extensive spot or patch; rectrices edged (quite broadly toward base) with light greenish olive; sides of head like upper parts, sometimes with an indistinct paler superciliary stripe, the auricular region with narrow paler shaft-streaks; under parts very pale olive or olive-grayish (sometimes faintly tinged with yellowish), the chin, malar region, lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts whitish (the last sometimes inclining to buffy); throat sometimes with a median space of pale dull yellowish; maxilla blackish, mandible grayish with dusky tips; legs and feet grayish dusky; length (skins), 129.5-140.9 (148.3); wing, 72.4-76.5 (74.2); tail, 53.8-60.7 (56.9); exposed culmen, 10.9-12.7 (11.7); depth of bill at base, 7.4-7.6 (7.4); tarsus, 17.8-20.3 (19.6); middle toe, 13-15 (13.5).° ' Highteen specimens. 2The female of this species is very similar in coloration to that of S. pretrei, but is decidedly grayer and has the bill much stouter. * Hight specimens. Average measurements of specimens from different islands are as follows: Poe Depth lene E Locality. Wing. | Tail. fe pesca of bill | Tarsus.| Middle | | ‘at base. | aes |_ | BE MALES. | cal Seven adult males from New Providence Island ...! 77.2 61.2 11.4 65.6; 820541 14.2 Eight adult males from Eleuthera Island ........-. | ditendl 62 11.9 7.1) 19.6 14 Three adult males from San Salvador (Cat Island) / ORT ealG0nD 11,2 6.6 | 20.1 14.2 FEMALES. 3 Five adult females from New Providence Island... | 74,2 | 56.6 7 7.4 | 19.6 | 335 One from San Salvador (Cat Island) ..............- | Tone ee OMe cies | ee 19.1 | 3 Onewrom:GreeniCay saachotenscus--cce Aeseece secs ae | LEST Me eS 11.9 | 7.4 20.3 | 15 | OnetfromeMleutheralsland)ss---- ccc. sac ececmeee ce | 74.9 | 57.2 MAN So esle as | 19.8 | 13.2 | | I regret the necessity of reducing to a synonym of S. zena zena the S. 2. steynegeri of Cory, but can not avoid it. Among eight adult males from Eleuthera Island only three show the characters of the supposed subspecies, even in part, while of seven from New Providence three are nearly typical S. 2. stejnegeri. (32 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bahama Islands, except island of Abaco. (Recorded from Berry Islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Long Island, Green Cay, and Mariguana islands. ) [ Fringilla] zena Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 320 (based on Bahama Finch, Fringilla hahamensis Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pl. 42). TL anagra] zena Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 365, part. Tanagra zena Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 111 (New Providence, Bahamas). [Spindalis] zena BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 240.—ScLaTErR and Savin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 21.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Spindalis zena ScuaterR, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 231, part, excl. syn. part; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 169 (Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas) .— Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 92; Auk, iii, 1886, 195 (synonymy; descr.) ; viii, 1891, 294 (New Providence), 295 (Berry Islands); ix, 1892, 48 (Mariguana) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 82 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114,127 (Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Long I., Green Cay, and Mariguana, Bahamas).—Norrurop, Auk, viii, 1891, 70 (Andros I.; food, ete. ).—Rine- way, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera I.), 337 (Cat I. or San Salvador), 339 (Green Cay). Spindalis zena stejnegeri Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348, 351 (Eleuthera Island, Bahamas; coll. C. B. Cory); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 126, 152 (Eleu- thera; San Salvador?). SPINDALIS ZENA TOWNSENDI Ridgway. ABACO SPINDALIS. Similar to S. 2. zena, but adult male with back either wholly olive or much mixed with that color, instead of uniform black, the adult female more decidedly olive or olive-greenish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 149.9-162.6 (154.7); wing, 74.2-78.7 (76.7); tail, 61.2-62.7 (62); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.2 (11.9); depth of bidat base, 5.87.1 (6.6); tarsus, 18.5-19.8 (19.3); middle toe, 13.7-14.5 (14).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 141-147.3 (144); wing, 71.1-73.7 (72.9); tail, 53.3-57.9 (55.6); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.7 (11.2); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.1 (7.1); tarsus, 18.3-19.8 (19.1); middle toe, 13.5-15 (14.2). Island of Abaco, Bahamas. Spindalis zena townsendi Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, Apr. 25, 1887, 3 (Abaco Island, Bahamas; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ); Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco).—Cory, Auk. v, 1888, 157; viii, 1891, 298, 350 (Great Bahama; Abaco); Birds W. I., 1889, 292; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 127, 152 (Abaco; Great Bahama; Andros?). SPINDALIS BENEDICTI Ridgway. COZUMEL SPINDALIS. Similar in coloration to S. zena townsend? (the back and scapulars always olive) but much larger and with much thicker bill. 'Five specimens. * Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. te Adult male.—Pileum and sides of head black, relieved by a broad superciliary stripe (extending to nape) and breader malar stripe of white; chin white; throat with a median stripe of bright yellow, inclosed between two broad lateral stripes (narrower and more pointed anteriorly, broader and rounded or subtruncate posteriorly) of black; space between posterior portion of these black lateral throat-stripes, more or less of the chest, sides of neck, and band across hindneck chestnut, the nuchal collar broken below by deep olive-yellowish tips to the feathers; back and scapulars deep yellowish olive-green, passing into olive-yellowish on upper rump and this into chestnut on lower rump; feathers of lower hindneck and upper back with a concealed black transverse spot or bar, separating the terminal yellowish olive- green or olive-yellowish portion from the basal gray part; scapulars sometimes partly blackish; upper tail-coverts black, with tips some- times extensively gray or olive; lesser wing-coverts chestnut; middle coverts black, narrowly margined at tips with yellowish olive-green; rest of wing black, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the other secondaries more narrowly, the primaries very narrowly, edged with white; primaries (except outermost) with outer webs abruptly white at base, forming a more or less extensive spot or patch; tail black, the outer webs of rectrices very narrowly edged with white, inner web of middle pair broadly edged with white, and inner webs of two outer- most extensively white terminally (nearly the terminal half on outer- most rectrix), the third sometimes with a white spot at tip of inner web; outer web of lateral rectrix mostly white; breast and upper abdomen rich yellow (lemon, sometimes approaching indian, yellow); lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white, the last with a large concealed spot of grayish on each web; sides and flanks light grayish olive; maxilla black, mandible grayish (bluish gray in life /) with dusky tip; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life 4); length (skins), 152.4-165.1 (159); wing, 76.2-86.4 (81.5); tail, 68-68.1 (66); exposed culmen, 12.2-12.4 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.9 (8.1); tarsus, 20.6—-22.6 (21.1); middle toe, 14.5-15.2 (15).' Adult female.—Similar in coloration to the same sex of S. zena townsend?, but larger and bill much stouter. Above plain olive; wings dusky, the greater coverts and tertials edged with whitish or very pale olive, the other secondaries edged with light greenish olive, the primaries with pale grayish; primaries with basal portion of outer webs white, forming a small spot; tail dusky or dark olive-grayish with light greenish olive edgings, the inner webs of lateral rectrices margined terminally with white; under parts pale olive, paler and more grayish on chin and malar region, the abdomen, anal region, and under tail- coverts whitish or yellowish white, the longer under tail-coverts largely pale olive or light grayish brown; bill, legs, and feet as in the MSix specimens. - 74 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~~ male; length (skins), 144.5-165.1 (153.7); wing, 76.2-81.5 (78.2); tail, 58.9-63.5 (61.5); exposed culmen, 12.2-12.9 (12.7); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 19.3-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 14.5-15.2 (14.7).? Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. Spindalis benedicti RrpGway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii (pub. Mar.), 1885, 21 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U. S: Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 567 (detailed descr. ). Spindalis exsul Sauyry, Ibis, 5th ser., iii, Apr., 1885, 189, pl. 5 (Cozumel; coll. Salvin and Godman). SPINDALIS SALVINI Cory. SALVIN’S SPINDALIS. Similar to S. benedict/, but median throat-stripe ‘* yellowish orange” instead of yellow, and lower rump ‘‘ brownish orange” instead of chestnut. Adult male.—**Top of the head and cheeks black; a supercilary and malar stripe of white; a patch of yellowish orange on the upper throat, separated from the white malar stripe by a line of black which reaches the breast; chin dull white; lower throat and breast chestnut; back dark olive, separated from the black of the head by a chestnut collar; lower back yellowish; a patch of chestnut on the carpus; rump brownish orange; beily and under tail-coverts dull white; tail black, the two outer feathers heavily marked with white; the third feather tipped with white on the inner web, the two central feathers narrowly edged with white on the inner webs; bill horn color, feet slate brown. General appearance of Spindalis pretrii, but having the bill heavier and throat markings unlike those of that species, besides other minor differences. ’ ** Length, 139.7; wing, 85.1; tail? 69:9;-tarsus) GS" tl toe Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea (near Cuba). This form I have not seen. Judging from the description it seems to be more like S. benedicti than any other, and to differ from that species chiefly in the more orange median throat-stripe and paler (‘‘ brownish orange” instead of chestnut) lower rump. ? Medium sized or rather small Tanagers with exposed culmen not shorter than middle toe, without claw; bill rathc» stout to very stout, more or less swollen, the maxillary tomium with more or less of a median tooth or else the plumage unicolored (red in adult males, yel- lowish in adult females and young); adult males with at least the head red. Bill subconical, decidedly longer than broad or deep at base, the culmen more or less strongly curved and uncinate at tip; exposed culmen less than two-thirds to nearly as long as tarsus, distinctly ridged, gradually convex from base or nearly straight for basal half or more; gonys nearly (sometimes quite) twice as long as mandibular rami, nearly as long as maxilla from nostril, nearly or quite straight; maxillary tomium distinctly notched subterminally, then gently con- cave or nearly straight, usually with a more or less distinct tooth- like projection in or near middle portion; mandibular tomium nearly straight, or somewhat convex near tip, the basal portion rather abruptly deflected, or sometimes even distinctly angulated. Nostril exposed, rather large, oval or roundish, sometimes slightly pointed anteriorly, in anterior end of nasal foss. Rictal bristles obvious but not conspicuous. Wing moderate or long (about three and two-thirds to five and one-third times as long as tarsus), pointed (ninth to seventh or sixth primaries longest, the ninth longer than sixth) or rounded (eighth to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fourth); pri- maries exceeding secondaries by more than length of tarsus, except in round-winged species. Tail shorter than wing by not less than half length of tarsus, sometimes by much more than length of tarsus; emarginate, even or slightly rounded, slightly divaricate terminally, the rectrices of medium width, rounded at tips. Tarsus equal to or longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw, or falling slightly short; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit, strongly curved. Coloration. —Adult males with more or less of red (sometimes wholly red) with or without black wings and tail, the wings sometimes with white, yellow, or reddish bands. Adult females with red replaced by olive-greenish above, yellowish beneath, the wing pattern as in the male. Young streaked beneath (always?) in first plumage. 76 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Range.—Temperate North America southward through Mexico and Central America and tropical South America to Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. The species with longer and more pointed wing comprise all except P. leucoptera, P. ardens, P. erythrocephatla,and P. roseo-qularis. ‘These latter differ further in having a shorter and more turgid bill, especially the two last named; but I am not inclined to consider the differences sufficient to justify generic separation, especially since P. bédentuta is intermediate with respect to the wing-formula. P. rubra is the longest winged member of the genus, and is the only one without a commis- sural tooth, though this is indicated by a more or less obvious convex- ity of the maxillary tomium where the usual tooth-like projection is located. 2. erythromelas comes next in length of wing, and the com- missural ‘* tooth,” though present, is less developed than in any other species except P. rubra and P. ludoviciana, the latter agreeing with 7. bidentata in having the bill more slender than other species, with the culmen nearly or quite straight for the greater part of its length. The commissural tooth is most developed in P. hepatica, P. testucea, and their allies. The wing-tip is at least as long as the tarsus and usually much longer in all the species except those with rounded wing and short, turgid bill, in which the distance from the tip of the shortest secondary to that of the longest primary is very much less than the tarsus, in fact but little if any more than half the length of the exposed culmen. In these, too, the tail is much longer in proportion to the wing, but this is due more to abbreviation of the wing than elongation of the tail. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PIRANGA,. a. Wing more than four times as long as tarsus; outermost (ninth) primary longer than fifth. b. Back not streaked. c. General color red, or at least the head red. (Adult males.) d. Under parts entirely red; back reddish. e. Wings and tail dull red; back duller or darker red than under parts; under wing-coverts red or pinkish. f. Maxillary tomium without a distinct median ‘‘tooth;’’? color pure vermilion below, dull vermilion above. (Piranga rubra.) g. Smaller and darker colored; wing averaging 95.5, tail 72.4, exposed culmen 17.5. (Eastern United States, south in winter to Peru, GCs) tatasee Soe eee Piranga rubra rubra, adult male (p. 79) gg. Larger and lighter colored; wing averaging 100.3, tail 80.5, exposed culmen 19.3. (Southwestern United States and western Mexico.) Piranga rubra cooperi, adult male (p. 83) 1 The National Museum collection contains several specimens in which this so-called tooth is very distinctly indicated. * Very rarely indicated. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 6 Jf. Maxillary tomium with a distinct median ‘‘tooth;’’ color orange-red, or dull orange-vermilion below, grayish red or brownish red above. g Wing 100.6 or more, averaging 102.6; back grayish red or reddish gray; under parts light orange-red or flame scarlet. (Southwestern United States and plateau of Mexico. ) Piranga hepatica, adult male (p. 84) gg. Wing not more than 99.1, averaging less than 95.2; back brownish red; under parts deep dull orange-red. ( Piranga testacea. ) h. Coloration darker, with ear-coverts deep brownish red like pileum; wings and tail shorter (wing averaging 91.9, tail 75.4). (Nie- aragua to Colombia, ete. ). Piranga testacea testacea, adult male (p. 86) hh. Coloration lighter, with ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; wings and tail longer (wing averaging 96.5, tail 78.2). (Guate- mala to Honduras. )..Piranga testacea figlina, adult male (p. 87) ee. Wings and tail black; back pure red, like under parts; under wing- coverts white, becoming black on edge of wing. (Eastern North America, south to northern South America in winter. ) Piranga erythromelas, adult male in summer (p. 88) dd. Under parts of body yellow; back not reddish. e. Back black. (Western United States and British Columbia, south to Guatemala in winter. ) Piranga ludoviciana, adult male in summer (p. 91) ee. Back yellowish olive-green. (Colombia; accidental in California? ) Piranga rubriceps, adults (extralimital') cc. General color olive-greenish above (back sometimes black), yellow below; no red, except sometimes a tinge on forepart of head. (Females and young males. ) d. Back olive-green or grayish. e. Wings without yellow bands. f. Under wing-coverts yellow, without dark outer margin. g- Bill light brownish, the mandible paler; maxillary tomium without distinct median tooth. (Piranga rubra. ) h. Smaller and deeper colored; wing averaging 91.9, tail 70.1, exposed culrmenyiS seen seers se Piranga rubra rubra, adult female (p. 79) hh. Larger and paler; wing averaging 98.5, tail 78.9, exposed culmen ONS erste terete aa yee te Piranga rubra cooperi, adult female (p. 83) gg. Bill dusky, the mandible more bluish gray; maxillary tomium with a distinct median ‘‘ tooth.” h. Back olive-grayish or light grayish olive-green; under parts pale yellow, becoming pale olive-grayish on flanks. Piranga hepatica, adult female (p. 85) hh. Back bright yellowish olive-green; under parts deep olive-yellow, the flanks light olive-green. (Piranga testacea.) i. Ear-coverts yellowish olive-green, like pileum; wings and _ tail shorter (wing averaging 84.6, tail 73). Piranga testacea testacea, adult female (p. 87) vi. Ear-coverts more grayish than pileum; wings and tail longer (wing averaging 87.1, tail 78.7). Piranga testacea figlina, adult female (p. 87) ' Pyranga rubriceps Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364, pl. 89; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 192. (A Colombian species said to have been taken in California; Bryant, Auk, iv, 1877, 78.) 78 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. J. Under wing-coverts white, with olive, dusky, or black exterior border. g. Wings and tail black. Piranga erythromelas, adult male in winter (p. 89) gy. Wings and tail dusky grayish with olive-greenish edgings. Piranga erythromelas, adult female and immature male (p. 90) ee. Wings with two yellow (or one yellow and one white). bands. /. Back and tail black...Piranga ludoviciana, adult male in winter (p. 92) J. Back olive-greenish or grayish, tail grayish brown with yellowish olive- greenredmnagis Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 25 96.5; tail, 84.6; exposed culmen, 18.5; devth of bill at base, 9.1 tarsus, 17.5; middle toe, 14. Eastern Nicaragua (Chontales) to central Costa Rica ‘Angostura; Tucurrique; Pacuare). . 5 Lanio leucothorax Sauvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 581 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1872, 317 (Chontales, Nicaragua ).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Angostura, Costa Rica).— ScuaterR and Sarvin, Exotic Orn., pt. iv, 1867, 63, part, pl. 32 (fig. of female).—Lawrencr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Tucurrique, Angos- tura, and Pacuare, Costa Rica).—Franrzrus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).—Satvrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 305.— SciatTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 203.—ZeELEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica) . [ Lanio] leucothorax ScLaTER and Sarvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. LANIO MELANOPYGIUS Salvin and Godman. BLACK-RUMPED SHRIKE-TANAGER, Similar to Z. /eucothorax, but adult male with rump and tail-coverts black, and throat duller white or buffy; adult female with throat and chest grayer and rump darker. Adult male.—Head and neck (except throat and foreneck), scapulars, wings (except innermost lesser and middle coverts), lower back, rump, upper and under tail-coverts, thighs, and tail black; innermost lesser and middle wing-coverts white, the latter with black tips; interscapular region rich lemon or chrome yellow; throat soiled white or dull buffy white, the lateral anterior portion and the chin black; whitish of throat passing into a more decided (sometimes strongly) buffy hue on chest; under parts of body lemon yellow; under tail-coverts black, more or less margined (the shorter ones at least) with canary yellow; bill black; iris dark brown;' tarsi horn brownish (in dried skins), toes darker; length (skins), 178-190 (181); wing, 96.5-102 (99.8); tail, 83-93 (89.3); exposed culmen, 18.5-20 (19.1); depth of bill at base, 9-10 (9.2); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle toe, 13.5-15 (14).’ Adult female.—Pileum olive, passing into olive-brown or deep raw umber on back, this into tawny-olive on rump, the wings and tail colored much like the back; sides of head similar in color to pileum, but slightly grayer, passing into light hair brown on chin, throat, and chest; breast and sides light yeHowish olive or olive-yellow, passing into a more tawny-olive hue on flanks; median portion of breast and abdomen lemon yellow; under tail-coverts cinnamon; bill blackish, the maxilla becoming horn color basally; legs and feet dusky (in dried skin); length (skin), 170-182 (177); wing, 86—94.5 (91.5); tail, 77.5-88 (83); exposed culmen, 18-19 (18.3); depth of bill at base, 8.5—9 (8.6); tarsus, 17.5-18 (17.9); pe toe, 12.5-15 (13. 9).° 1 Heyde, eae z pore en specimens. 3 Five specimens. 126 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Southwestern Costa Rica (Pirris, Pozo Azul de Pital, etc.), south to Veragua (Cordillerra de Tolé, Santiago, Cordillera del Chucu, Chitra, Calovevora, Santa Fé) and Chiriqui (Bugaba, Volcan de Chiri- qui, Divala, ete.) Lanio leucothorax (not of Salvin, 1864) Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Cordillera de Tolé, Santiago, Calovevora, and Santa Fé, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 188 (Volean de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Cordillera del Chucu, and Chitra, Veragua).—ScLaTer and SaLvIn, Exotic Orn., pt. iv, 1867, 63, part, pl. 32 (fig. of male). Lanio melanopygius Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 39, Dec. 1883, 305 (ex ‘‘ Lanio leucothorax melanopygius, Ridgw. Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1883;’’ Bugaba, Chiriqui; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Rip@way, Proc. U.'S. Nat. Mus., vi, no. 26, Apr. 11, 1884, 412 (Pirris, Costa Rica; crit.).—SciaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 203.—ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Pozo Azul de Pirris, s. w. Costa Rica).— Cuerrir, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (Pozo Azul de Pital, s. w. Costa Rica; descr. young). Genus PHANICOPHILUS Strickland. Phenicophilus STRICKLAND, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. (Type, Turdus palmarum Linnzeus. ) Medium sized, plainly colored Tanagers with the bill rather small and slender (exposed culmen, however, at least two-thirds as long as tarsus), tail even, shorter than length of wing to tips of secondaries, and outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; adults olive-green above, gray or gray and white beneath, the head chiefly black. Bill nearly as long as head, slender-conoid, its depth at base much less than half the length of exposed culmen, and about equal to or slightly greater than its basal width; exposed culmen about four-fifths as long as tarsus, nearly straight for about the basal half, then grad- ually decurved to the slightly uncinate tip; gonys a little shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, nearly straight; maxillary tomium gently concave throughout, distinctly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium faintly convex terminally, then straight to the decided but not abrupt basal deflection. Nostril wholly exposed, nearly circular, in anterior end of nasal fosse, bordered behind by membrane. Rictal bristles short, indistinct. Wing moderate (about three and a half to three and three-fourths times as long as the rather long tarsus), rounded (seventh and sixth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fifth); primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length of maxilla from nostril. Tail shorter than wing by considerably less than length of tarsus, even or very slightly rounded, the rectrices ‘ather narrow, with firm webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching to base of mid- dle claw, the inner claw not quite so far; hind claw shorter than its digit—all the claws well curved and sharp. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 17 Coloration.—Above plain olive-green; top-and sides of head black, or gray with white supraloral, supraauricular, and suborbital marks; beneath bluish gray and white. Sexes alike. ftange.—Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. (Two species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHZNICOPHILUS. a. Crown and occiput black; whole throat and median portion of chest, breast, and abdomen white. (Haiti.)...........- Phenicophilus palmarum, adults (p. 127) aa. Crown and occiput gray, like hindneck; median portion of throat gray; whole of chest, breast, and abdomen, as well as sides and flanks, gray. (Haiti.)....--- Phenicophilus poliocephalus, adults, (p. 128) PHAZNICOPHILUS PALMARUM (Linnezus). PALM TANAGER. Adult (sewes alike).—Pileum and sides of head black, sharply defined below and posteriorly, relieved by a large white spot on each side of forehead, a white spot on lower eyelid, and a broad white supraauricular streak (beginning near of middle upper eyelid); malar region, chin, whole throat, and median portion of chest, breast, and abdomen white; hindneck and sides of neck slate-gray, passing into lighter gray (no. 7 or cinereous) on sides of breast, sides, and flanks; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive-green; edge of wing light yellow; maxilla black; mandible grayish or horn color (in dried skins), becoming black at tip; iris dark brown; legs and feet horn color or dusky (in dried skins). Adult male.—Uength (skins), 157.5-160 (158.8); wing, 82.8-87.6 (85.1); tail, 66.5-71.1 (68.8); exposed culmen, 17.3-18.3 (17.8); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 7.6; tarsus, 23.1-24.6 (23.9); middle toe, 15-16 (15.5).! Adult female.—Length (skin), 166.4; wing, 83.1; tail, 71.1; exposed culmen, 16; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 23.4; middle toe, 16.’ Young.—** Similar to the adults, except that the black of the head is replaced by dusky grayish or slate color, and the entire head, neck, and breast are washed with olive yellowish.” (Cherrie.) Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. [Turdus] palmarum Lrxnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 295 (based on Le Pal- miste Brisson, Orn., ii, 301, and Le Palmiste a téte noir Brisson, Orn., ii, 303 ).— GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 824.—LarnHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 356. Tachyphonus palmarum Virittor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 359; Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 803. Ar[remon] palmarum Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., p. 16. Arremon palmarum Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 92. Phenicophilus palmarum StRIcKLAND, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. Phenicophilus palmarum Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 84 (monogr. ); 1857, 232; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 22; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 92; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 234.—Satvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 198.— Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 152 (Haiti; habits, ete.); Birds Haiti 1 Two specimens. *One specimen, 128 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and San Dom., 1885, 56, pl. (21), fig. 5 (mountains of interior); Auk, iii, 1886, 200 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 87; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 131. Phoenicophilus palmarum Cerri, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 14 (habits, notes, etc. ). [ Phenicophilus] palmarum ScuaTer and Satvix, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 25.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 12. Dulus palmarum Bonaparte, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., ili, 1851, 78; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 29. PHAENICOPHILUS POLIOCEPHALUS (Bonaparte). 'GRAY-CROWNED PALM TANAGER, Similar to P. palmarum, but slightly larger; under parts deeper gray, not becoming white medially, the gray extending over greater part of throat; crown and occiput gray, like hindneck. Adult male.—F¥orehead, lores, suborbital region, and auricular region uniform black, the first with a large spot of white on each side; a small white spot on lower eyelid and another on posterior half of upper eye- lid; crown, occiput, hindneck, and entire under parts of body uniform gray, deeper (slate-gray) on the first, paler (no. 7 gray) on the latter; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive-green; edge of wing light yellow; chin, upper throat, and malar region white, extending later- ally to beyond end of auricular region, the space inclosed between these white lateral stripes (including greater part of throat) deeper gray than breast, etc., but slightly paler than hindneck; under tail- coverts light gray, broadly margined with white; maxilla black; man- dible dark grayish (in dried skin), blackish terminally; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skin); length (skin), 167.6; wing, 61; tail, 70.4; exposed culmen, 17.8; depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 23.1; middle toe, 15.7." Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. Dulus poliocephalus BoNarartsr, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., ili, Apr., 1851, 178 (‘‘His- paniola,’”’ i. e., Santo Domingo; coll. Paris Mus.); Note sur les Tang., 1851, 29. Phenicophilus poliocephalus StTRICKLAND, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 104. Phenicophilus poliocephalus Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 234.—Cory, Birds W. I., 1889, 87; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 16, 114, 131. Phenicophilus palmarum (not Turdus palmarum Linnzeus) Sciarer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 84, part (supposed female); Synop. Avy. Tanager, pene. Phenicophilus dominicensis Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, July, 1881, 129 (Haiti; coll. C. B. Cory), 152 (s. coast Haiti, near Jacmel); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 58, pl. 8 (Jacmel, Haiti); Auk, iii, 1886, 200. Phoenicophilus dominicensis ReicHENow and ScHatow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 407 (republication of orig. description ). [ Phenicophilus] dominicensis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 12. 1One specimen, from Jacmel, Haiti. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 129 Genus TACHYPHONUS Vieillot. Tachyphonus Visitor, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Tangara noir male, Buffon, = Tanagra rufa Boddaert. ) Pyrrota Viettiot, Analyse, 1816, 45. (Type, Tangaroux Buffon, = Tanagra rufa Boddaert. ) Comarophagus Bors, Isis, 1826, 974. (Type, Oriolus leucoplerus Gmelin, = Tana- gra rufa Boddaert. ) Medium sized or small Tanagers with rather slender bill (but exposed culmen at least two-thirds as long as tarsus), tail rounded and equal to or longer than length of wing to tips of secondaries, and with the outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; adult males mostly uni- form black, usually relieved by white under wing-coverts, and some- times by a yellow, tawny, or red crown-patch or crest; females plain rufous, brown, or olive, paler (sometimes yellow) below. Bill subconical, compressed terminally, shorter than head; exposed culmen not longer than middle toe with claw (usually shorter), straight basally (sometimes for basal half or more), strongly convex terminally, the tip slightly (sometimes distinctly) uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, very slightly convex or nearly straight; maxillary tomium nearly straight, but middle portion appre- ciably convex, distinctly, but not abruptly, deflected basally, and more or less distinctly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium slightly sinuate, or quite straight to the decidedly, sometimes abruptly, deflected basal portion, the tip of the mandible acute; basal depth of bill equal to or slightly exceeding the basal width, and equal to about two-thirds or three-fourths the lateral length of the mandible. Nostril exposed, roundish or horizontally oval, with moderately broad superior mem- brane. Rictal bristles moderately long, but very slender and incon- spicuous. Wing rather long (about three and one-fourth to three and five-sixths times as long as tarsus), rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fifth, sometimes shorter than third); pri- maries exceeding secondaries usually by less than length of exposed culmen (by more in Z. surinamensis). Tail shorter than wing by much less than length of tarsus, rounded or nearly even, the rectrices moderately broad, with compact webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. Coloration.—Adult males deep black, usually with white on lesser wing-coverts or under wing-coverts, sometimes with a buff, tawny, orange, or red crown-patch (occasionally developed into a crest), the rump sometimes buffy; females and young very different—plain brown- ish, olive, or rusty above, paler below. Range.—Southern Honduras to southeastern Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. 3604— VOL 2—O01 2 130 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TACHYPHONUS. a. General color black. (Adult males. ) b. With white on lesser and under wing-coverts. c. Larger (wing more than 82.5); middle wing-coverts and part of lesser covert area black. (Costa Rica to southern Brazil, Trinidad, and Tobago. ) Tachyphonus rufus, adult male (p. 130) cc. Smaller (wing less than 69.8); middle wing-coverts and all of lesser covert area white. d. Middle wing-coverts greatly developed, covering much more than basal half of greater coverts; crown without trace of central concealed spot of yellow. (Veragua to Bolivia, southwestern Brazil, Venezuela, and Mrimid ad) See ee eee Tachyphonus luctuosus, adult male (p. 132) dd. Middle wing-coverts normally developed, covering not more than basal half of greater coverts; crown usually with more or less of a central patch of yellow or orange-rufous. e. Crown-patch small, concealed, yellow, sometimes wanting. (Costa Rica, to southeastern Honduras. )...Tachyphonus axillaris, adult male (p. 134) ee. Crown-patch large, conspicuous, exposed, orange-rufous. (Veragua, Chiriqui, and southwestern Costa Rica. ) Tachyphonus nitidissimus, adult male (p. 136) bb. Without white on wing-coverts (or elsewhere). (Costa Rica to Colombia; HWGuad Ont) scam ec note en eee ee ee Tachyphonus delattrii, adult male (p. 136) aa. General color rufous, yellowish olive, or brown. (Adult females and young. ) b. General color rufescent (deep cinnamon-rufous above, tawny-ochraceous below ) ; wing more than 76.2. .Tachyphonus rufus, adult female and young male (p. 131) bb. General color not rufescent; wing not more than 69.8. c. Above yellowish olive-green, beneath yellow.! d. Sides of head distinctly gray; chin and throat white. Tachyphonus luctuosus, adult female and young male (p. 133) dd, Sides of head not distinctly, if at all, gray; chin and throat pale buffy. e. Duller yellow below, especially across chest. Tachyphonus nitidissimus, adult female and young male (p. 136) ee. Brighter yellow below. Tachyphonus axillaris, adult female and young male (pp. 134, 135) cc. Above deep sooty brown, beneath similar but lighter. Tachyphonus delattrii, adult female and young male (p. 137) TACHYPHONUS RUFUS (Boddaert). BODDAERT’S TANAGER, Adult male.—Glossy bluish or violaceous black, the centers of the feathers (mostly concealed) lusterless black, the basal portion grayish; remiges and rectrices black, without gloss; under wing-coverts, axil- lars, and lesser wing-coverts (except those near bend of wing) white; bill black, the basal half, or more, of mandible grayish; legs and feet black or dusky brown; length (skins), 149.9-182.9 (172); wing, 83.3- 91.4 (87.4); tail, 75.2-86.4 (80.8); exposed culmen, 15.7-18.3 (17.3); 1'The series of specimens examined of the three allied forms, C. luctuosus, C. niti- dissimus, and C. awvillaris is very small, and I am therefore doubtful as to the relia- bility of the characters here given, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. st depth of bill at base, 7.6-9.4 (8.1); tarsus, 22.6-25.4 (23.9); middle toe, 14.5-18 (16.8).2 Adult female.—Above plain rufous-chestnut; beneath plain cinnamon- tawny or tawny-ochraceous; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 157.5-185.4 (173.5); wing, 78-86.1 (82.8); tail, 70.6-82 (77.5); exposed culmen, 16-19.6 (17.5); depth of bill at base, 7.9-9.4 (8.6); tarsus, 22.1- 24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 16-17.5 (16.8).” Tropical South America in general, including islands of Trinidad and Tobago; south to southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, north through Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica. Tanagra albirostris (not of Linnzeus) Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 11 (based on Tangara noir, @ Amerique, Buffon, Pl. Enl., pl. 179, fig. 2; adult male). Tanagra rufa Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 44 (based on Le Tangaroux, de Cayenne, Buffon, Pl. Enl., pl. 711; adult female). Tachyphonus rufus ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., ili, no. 2, Sept. 29, 1891, 359 (Chapada, prov. Mattogrosso, s. w. Brazil; descr. nest and eggs; crit.; iv, 1892, 52 (El Pilar, Venezuela; crit.).—CHaApman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894,.31, (Trinidad; habits).—Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 160 (Pueblo Viejo, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia), 179 (Palomina, prov. Santa Marta). Oriolus melaleucus SPARRMANN, Mus. Carls., 1787, no. 31 (Guiana). Tachyphonus melaleucus ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 113 (monogr.; Cayenne; Guiana; Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Bogota, Colombia; Pinto- bamba, Peru; Goiaz, Pernambuco, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Paraguay; 'Twenty specimens. * Twelve specimens. Although the series of specimens examined is, in the aggregate, a large one, the number of specimens from separate geographic areas is in all cases small and not sufficient to show whether the species should be subdivided or not. Average meas- urements according to locality are as follows: Ex- | Depth Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus.| “jy5¢ | culmen. at base. oe MALES. | | One adult male from Veragua ..............-.---- | 84.1] 78.0 16.5 sal D456? | eeeeeeee Three adult males from Isthmus of Panama -.....- | 87.6 80.8 16.8 | 7.9 23.9 17.0 Three adult males from Colombia............-.---| 90. 4 82.8 16.3 | 8.4 24.6 17.3 Two adult males from eastern Peru.......-..-.--- | 85.3 80.3 17.5 8.1 24.4 | 17.0 Two adult males from Trinidad.............:..--- | 86.6 79.5 RDS eee cae 23.9 | 16.8 Tyoadult;males from Tobago.....2.......-..2..<. | 89.4 | 80.3 | 17.8 | 7.9 25. 1 | 15.7 Seven adult males from Brazil(BahiaandChapada), 86.6 | 81.3 17.8 8.4 | 23.4 16.5 FEMALES. | Two adult females from Isthmus of Panama...--- 83.8 79.8 18.0 8591) «2456 17.0 Two adult females from Colombia........-....-.. | 79.8 | 73.4 16.8 | 9.1 23.4 | 16.8 One adult female from eastern Peru .........-.--- 86.1 81.5 | 17.0 | Oo), ) 24.9) 16.3 Two adult females from Trinidad................- 81.3 | 75.2 | 18.8 | 8.6 23.6 | 16.5 Two adult females from Tobago...........-..----.| 83.3 ACAD S725) 7.9 24.1 16.8 Three adult females from southwestern Brazil (ermnds meena tee eA Ch ee | 83.3] 80.0 16.8 8.4| 23.9 16.8 132 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Corrientes, Argentina); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 37; Cat. Am. Birds 1862, 84 (Cayenne; Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 206 (Costa Rica; Veragua; Panama; Medellin, Remedios, and Bogota, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Cayenne; Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Pari, lower Amazon; Baiao, Rio Tocantins; Pernambuco; Bahia; Rio Claro, prov. Goiaz; Rio Parand).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Panama R. R.).—Sciarer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351 (Panama R. R.); 1867, 571 (Pardé); 1868, 167 (Venezuela); 1876, 16 (Mar- anura, Huiro, and Protrero, s. Peru); 1879, 503, pl. 42, fig. 5 (Antioquia, Colombia; egg figured ).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 82 (Trinidad) .—Frxscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 582 (Trinidad ).—PELzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 212.— Wyarrt, Ibis, 1871, 327 (Colombia).—Layarp, Ibis, 1873, 379 (Para).— Forses, Ibis, 1881, 333 (Parahyba, etc., n. e. Brazil).—Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 15 (n. e. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 504.—ZELE- pon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 7; Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Brazil).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1883, 309.— BeriepscH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 292 (Bucaramanga, Colombia); 1887, 7 (Lambaré, Paraguay; crit.), 115 (Paraguay ).—Sa.vuy, Ibis, 1885, 211 ( British Guiana).—Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vii, 1884, 173 (Trinidad ).—Kerrr, Ibis, 1892, 124 (lower Pileomayo, Argentina).—Rosryson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Guaduas, Colombia); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 677 (Margarita I., Venezuela).—InErinG, Aves do Est. S. Paulo, 1899, 152. Tl achyphonus] melaleucus SCLATER and Satvin, Exotic Orn., 1868, 68. [ Tachyphonus] melaleucus ScLaTER and Satvrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 23. [ Oriolus] leucopterus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 392, part. Tachyphonus leucopterus Vretttor, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 358; Enc. Méth., ii, 1828, 803; Gal. Ois., 1834, 113, pl. 82.—D’Orsiany, Voy. Amér. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 277. [ Pyrrota] leucoptera Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 238. TLachyphonus} leucopterus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 365. Tanagra nigerrima GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 899 (based on Tangara noir, @ Amerique Buffon, Pl. Enl., pl. 179, fig. 2).—Desmargst, Hist. Nat. Tang., 1805, pls. 45, 46.—Maxrmi.ian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ili, 1830, 534. T[achyphonus] nigerrima D’Orsiany and LarrEsNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1837 (Synop. Av., p. 29; Corrientes, Argentina). Tachyphonus nigerrimus Swatnson, Quart. Journ. Sci., 1826, 62.—CaBanis, in Schomburgk’s Reise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 669.—BurmetstEr, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 166.—Eu.er, Journ. fiir Orn., 1867, 408 (descr. eggs). T[achyphonus] nigerrimus CaBANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 22 (Brazil; Guiana). Pyrrota valeryi Verreaux (J. and E.), Rev. et Mag. de Zool., vii, 1855, 351 (’ Amerique Centrale; coll. Paris Mus. ). Tachyphonus valerii ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 114. Tachyphonus beauperthuyi Boxaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxii, 1851, 82 (Vene- zuela).—ScLaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 85 (Venezuela).—Le&oraup, Ois., Trinidad, 1866, 299. TACHYPHONUS LUCTUOSUS Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny. WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER, Adult male.—Uniform deep black; lesser and middle wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillars, pure white, the middle coverts unusually developed, covering much the greater portion of greater coverts; bill black, with a light bluish-gray or whitish wedge-shaped BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Loo space on sides of mandible, covering rami and projecting in an acute angle more than halfway between gonydeal angle and tip of mandible; iris brown; legs and feet bluish in life, dusky in dried skins; length (skins), 109.2-129.5 (121.9); wing, 60.2-68.1 (64.3); tail, 51.3-58.4 (54.9); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.7 (12.2); depth of billat base, 5.1—7.1 (5.8); tarsus, 15.5-17.8 (16.8); middle toe, 9.7-10.9 (10.4).* Adult female.—Ahbove bright yellowish olive-green, darker and dul- ‘er on pileum; sides of head (Sometimes forehead and hindneck also) gray, paler toward malar region and on lores; eyelids dull white; chin and throat dull buffy white; rest of under parts gamboge or light chrome yellow medially, shading into light yellowish olive-green lat- erally; under wing-coverts white slightly tinged with yellow; axillars light yellow; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 114.3-121.9 (118.1); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2); tail, 50.8-52.8 (51.8); exposed culmen, 12.7-13.2 (13); depth of bill at base, 5.8-6.9 (6.4); tarsus, 15.7-16.5 (16); middle toe, 9.7—-10.2 (9.9.) ” Immature male.—Similar to the adult female, but pene and purer yellow below; wing, 60.5; tail, 51.8; exposed culmen, 12.7; depth of bill at base, 6.9; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 10.2.° Veragua* to Trinidad, Guiana, Bolivia, and western Ecuador. T(achyphonus] luctuosus LAFRESNAYE and D’OrpiaNy, Mag. de Zool., 1837 (Syn- opsis Avium, i, p. 29; Guarayos, Bolivia).—Sciarrr and Savin, Exotic Orn., 1868, 68. Tachyphonus luctuosus Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 115 (Quixos, e. Eeuador) ; 1855, 156 (eeeees Colombia); 1856, 114 (monogr.; Bolivia; e. 1Seventeen specimens, average measurements, acc online to ie ‘ality, being as follows: Locality. | Wing. | Tail. ule of bill Tarsus. mide | |at base. z Tro adalt males from-Veragua .-.225..22- ss scene oe 67.1 54. 4 12.2. 6.1 17.3 10.2 Three adult males from Isthmus of Panama ........ | 63.2 54.1 12.4 6.4 17.0 10.7 Four adult males from central Colombia (Bogota) os) 67.3 | 56.9 12.2 6.1 17.3 10.4 One adult male from western Ecuador (Guayaquil) 7 63.0-| 54.6 Ded 5.3 17.0 10.4 One adult male from eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo)..| — 60. Bl p13 12.2 5.3 15.5 10.4 One adult male from lower Amazon (Diamantina) - | 60.2 | 54.1 10.7 | 5.1 15.7 9.7 One adult male from British Guiana (Demerara) ..- 62.0 | 54.6 sO 5.1 16.8 9.9 One adult male from Venezuela (Cumanacoa)..---- 64.0 | 5d. 4 127, 5.8 17.3 10.2 Rworadultanales from Trinidad. 22.25.25. 2.222... 63. m4 ees ADAG ne ciao ea ste | 16.8 9.9 | | The series examined is much too small to show whether there are constant dif- ferences, according to geographic area, but the specimens from Trinidad, British Guiana, and lower Amazon have the middle wing-coverts decidedly less developed (covering but little more than basal half of the greater coverts) than those from Veragua, Isthmus of Panama, Colombia, and western Ecuador, and I would not be surprised if a larger series would show that the species should be subdivided, accord- ing to the character mentioned, into two forms having separate ranges, as indicated. *Two specimens; one from Panama, the other apparently a ‘‘ Bogota”’ skin. * Specimen (No. 150874, U. S. Nat. Mus.) from Cascajal, province Coclé, Panama. * Nicaraguan and Costa Rican references to 7. luctuosus belong to T. axillaris. 134 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Peru; Quixos, e. Ecuador; Bogota and Santa Marta, Colombia; Tobago; Trinidad ); 1860, 274 (Babahoyo, w. Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador) ; Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 38; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 85 (Trinidad; Bolivia; Colombia; Esmeraldas, Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., part, xi, 1886, 208 (Panama and Chepo, Isthmus Panama; Santa Marta, Remedios, and Bogota, Colombia; Santa Rita and Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Bolivia; Engenho do Gama, 3razil; Trinidad; Bartica Grove, British Guiana) .—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 141 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Panama R. R.).—ScuarEr and Sarvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351 (Panama R. R.); 1868, 167 (Venezuela); 1879, 503 (Antioquia, Colombia), 601 (Bolivia).—Finscu, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 582 (Trinidad).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Veragua); Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 194 (Bolivia?; Trinidad); Ibis, 1885, 211 ( British Gui- ana ).—TaczANowskI1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 332 (w. Ecuador).—Brr- LEpscH and TaczAnowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 18838, 547 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 310, part (Chepo, Isthmus Panama; South American localities and references ).—BrEr- LEpscH and TaczANnowsklI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, 574 (w. Ecuador) .— BeruepscH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 292 (Bucaramanga, Colombia); 1889, 297 (Sarayacu and Ucayali, e. Peru; crit.).—A.ien, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889, 82 (Reyes, Bolivia).—Riker and CHapman, Auk, vil, 1890, 267 (Santarem, lower Amazon).—CuHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 3 (Trinidad).—Satvaporr and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 18 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). [ Tachyphonus] luctuosus SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 23, part. Pyranga luctuosa D’OrsIaNy, Voy. Amér. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 263, pl. 20, figs. 1 (male), 2 (female). [ Lanio] tenuirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 240. Tachyphonus albispeculiaris Leoraup, Ois., Trinidad, 1866, 300. TACHYPHONUS AXILLARIS Lawrence. COSTA RICAN WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER, Similar to 7) n7tidissimus, but adult male with colored crown-patch much smaller, concealed, and yellow instead of orange-rufous; adult female apparently brighter yellow below. Adult male.—Unitorm deep black, with lesser, middle, and under wing-coverts and axillars white; center of crown usually with a small, mostly concealed, spot of yellow; bill black, the mandible with a pale bluish gray or whitish space on each side covering the rami and pro- jecting forward in an acute angle to about midway between gonydeal angle and tip of mandible; iris brown; legs and feet dusky or dark brownish in dried skins (bluish in life?); length (skins), 120.7-134.6 (129); wing, 63.2-65.8 (64.8); tail, 56.9-58.7 (57.7); exposed culmen, 12.4-12.7; depth of billat base, 5.8-6.1; tarsus, 17—-18.3 (17.5); middle toe, 10.7-11.4 (10.9).’ Adult female.—Above yellowish olive-green, slightly darker and duller on head, where sometimes slightly grayish on forehead and super- ciliary region; beneath lemon yellow medially shading into yellowish 1 Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 135 olive-green laterally, the throat paler, sometimes whitish; bill as in adult male but more brownish; legs and feet horn brownish in dried skins, light heliotrope purple in life;* length (skins), 121.9-152.1 (126.2); wing, 59.2-61.7 (60.5); tail, 54.9-56.4 (55.4); exposed culmen, 10.9- 13.5 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 6.1-6.6 (6.4); tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.8); middle toe, 10.2-12.4 (11.2). Young male.—Similar to the adult female, but much browner olive- ereen above, without any gray on head or neck; middle and greater wing-coyerts narrowly tipped with light buffy; under parts much duller yellow (decidedly buffy or deep maize yellow posteriorly), the chin and throat also yellow (wax yellowish). (From type of Chloro- spingus axillaris Lawrence; No. 64522, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Talamanca, Costa Rica.) Costa Rica (Angostura; Valza; Talamanca) and Nicaragua (Rio Escondido); southeastern Honduras (Rio Segovia) ¢.” Tachyphonus luctuosus (not of Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny) Cassin, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1865, 171 (Angostura, Costa Rica).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Angostura and Juiz, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).—(?) Satvry, Ibis, 1872, 313, 317 (Chon- tales, Nicaragua).—(?) Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 55 (San Car- los, Costa Rica).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 310, part (Valza, Juiz, and Angostura, Costa Rica; Chontales, Nicaragua ?).— Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 412 (Talamanca, Dos Novillos, and Juiz, Costa Rica; crit.).—Zetepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110, part (Angostura, Costa Rica).—Rricumonp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). (!) [Tachyphonus] luctwosus ScuaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1878, 23, part (Nicaragua). Tachyphonus nitidissimus (not of Salvin) SAtvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 312, part (Valza, ‘‘Irazu,’”’ and Angostura, Costa Rica).— ScLaTErR, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 214, part (Valza, Costa Rica).— ZeLEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110, part.—Crerrisz, Anal. Inst. Fisico-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 14 (Naranjo, Costa Rica). Tachyphonus nitidissimus ? Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 586 (Segovia R., Honduras; crit. ). Chlorospingus axillaris Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Mar., 1874, 395 (‘‘ Volcan de Irazu,’’ i. e., Talamanca,* Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; young male).—Sauvin, Ibis, 1874, 308 (crit.; refers it to Tachyphonus nitidissimus) . ‘Richmond, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 490. * Three specimens. * An adult female of a Tachyphonus from the Segovia River, Honduras, in the U. 8. National Museum collection (No. 112099, Segovia River, June 18, 1887, C. H. Town- send), is very similar in coloration to the adult female of 7. nitidissimus, but has the throat entirely yellow, like rest of under parts, and the sides of head yellowish olive- green. It may represent individual variation in this species or, possibly, a distinet form. Its measurements are as follows: Length (skin), 132.1; wing, 60.2; tail, 55.1; exposed culmen, 12.2; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 10.2. * According to José C. Zeledon, collector of the type specimen. 136 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TACHYPHONUS NITIDISSIMUS Salvin. VERAGUAN WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER. Similar to 7. axillaris, but adult male with colored crown-pateh much larger, conspicuously exposed, and orange-rufous instead of yellow; adult female apparently duller yellow below. Adult male.—General color uniform deep black; pileum with a median, partly concealed, patch or stripe of orange-ochraceous; lesser and middle wing-coverts white, excepting those bordering the carpal region; axillars and under wing-covert region white, the latter with a broad black exterior border; bill black, with rami whitish (extend- ing more than halfway to tip of mandible, the anterior extremity pointed); tarsi light horn color (in dried sxins), toes darker; length (skins), 124.5-134.6 (128.8); wing, 66—68.8 (67.6); tail, 58.4-60.2 (59.2); exposed culmen, 13-14.5 (13.7); depth of bill at base, 6.6-6.9; tarsus, 17.8-19.3 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7.' Adult female.—Similar to the adult female of 7! ductuosus, but without gray on sides of head, etc., and throat more buffy; above plain yellowish olive-green, including pileum and hindneck; sides of head lighter and duller olive-greenish, the feathers of auricular region with dull whitish or pale yellowish shaft-streaks; lores and malar region paler than auricular region and inclining to dull brownish buffy; chin and throat pale buffy yellowish, the feathers whitish beneath surface; chest, sides, and flanks dull yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, passing into yellow on breast and abdomen; under tail-coverts paler and duller yellow; under wing-coverts dull white, sightly tinged with yellow; bill as in adult male but more brownish; legs and feet pale brownish (in dried ae length (skin), 119.4; wing, 63.5; tail, 59.2; exposed cul- men, 14.5; depth of bill at base, 7.1; tarsus, 18; aaiicacs LOs44 ae ‘agua, Chiriqui, and southwestern Costa Rica (Pirris). Tachyphonus nitidissimus SALvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1874, 308, in text.—Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 412 (Pirris, s. w. Costa Rica; erit.).—SALvin and GopMANn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 312, part, pl. 21, figs. 2, 3 (Bugabi and Vivaldi, Chiriqui).—Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 214, part (Bugabs, Chiriqui).—ZELEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110, part (Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica). [ Tachyphonus] nitidissimus SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 23. TACHYPHONUS DELATRII Lafresnaye. TAWNY-CRESTED TANAGER. Adult male.—Uniform sooty black, including under wing-coverts; median portion of crown and occiput with a patch of bright tawny or orange-tawny Se yellowish posal, composed of stiffened and : Three specimens; two from C Rae one from Pies Costa Rica. ?One specimen, from Bugaba, Chiriqui; this, from which the description is taken, is in rather worn plumage. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 137 elongated narrow feathers, forming a bushy crest when erected; bill black, the rami and a little beyond dull whitish or pale grayish (in dried skins); legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 142.2-149.9 (145.8); wing, 70.9-75.9 (74.2); tail, 63-65.8 (64.5); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.5 (13); depth of bill at base, 6.6-6.9 (6.6); tarsus, 19.8-20.6 (20.3); middle toe, 11.9-13 (12.4)." Adult female.—Head, neck, and chest light bistre brown, darker or deeper on pileum and hindneck; back, scapulars, and lesser wing- coverts plain dark bistre brown or sepia, passing into blackish brown or sooty on rump and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail brownish black or sooty with paler (bistre brown or olive) edgings; under parts shading gradually from light bistre (varying to almost raw umber) anteriorly to sooty brown on under tail-coverts; maxilla blackish, man- dible blackish or blackish brown, becoming indistinctly paler basally; legs and feet dusky; length (skins), 154.6-142.2 (138.4); wing, 65-69.6 (66.8); tail, 59.4-60.7 (59.9); exposed culmen, 12.2-13.2 (12.7); depth of bill at base, 5.8-6.4 (6.1); tarsus, 18.3-19.1 (18.5); middle toe, 11.9- 12.4 (12.2).? Costa Rica (Talamanca, Pacuare, San Mateo, ete.) and southward to western Ecuador (Pallatanga, Pasto, etc.). Tachyphonus delatrii LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., x, Mar., 1847, 72 (San Buenaven- tura, Colombia).—Scuarter, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 116 (monogr.; San Buenaventura and Gorgona, n. w. coast Colombia); (?) 1859, 139 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 40; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 86 (Bogota; Pallatanga’?); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 215 (Santa Fé and Santiago, Veragua; Panama; Gorgona I., Remedios, and Bogota, Colombia; Pallatanga (?) and Pasto, w. Ecuador).—Cassin, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 142 (Rio Truando, Colombia); 1865, 171 (Pacuare, Costa Rica).— Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).— SciaTeR and Satviy, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351 (Lion Hill); 1879, 503 (Antioquia, Colombia); Exotic Orn., pt. v, 1868, 67, pl. 34, fig. of male, not fig. of female.—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 140 (Santa Fé and Santiago, Veragua).—Franrzivus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).— Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (San Mateo, Costa Rica; habits).— Satvin and GopMaAn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 312.—ZrLEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac., Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Pacuare, Costa Rica). Tachyphonus delatrei LAwrENcE, Ann. Lyc., N. Y., ix, 1868, 100 (Payua, Costa Rica) . [ Tachyphonus] delattrii ScLarER and Satyrin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 23. TL achyphonus] delatrii Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App., 17.—Bonaparrr, Consp. Awe al so0i2ars Chlorospingus brunneus LAwrRENcR, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, March, 1874, 395 (‘‘ Volean de Irazit,”’ i. e., Talamanca,’ Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; female; see Salvin, Ibis, 1874, 308). "Six specimens. * Three specimens. * According to José C. Zeledon, collector of the type specimen. 138 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus EUCOMETIS Selater. Eucometis SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 117. (Type, Tanagra penicillata Spix. ) Medium-sized, small-billed, plainly colored Tanagers, with depth of maxilla in front of nostril more than one-third the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, tail equal to length of wing from bend to tips of secondaries, and occiput with a slight bushy crest; colors yellowish olive-green above, yellow below, the head gray (paler on throat). Bill subconical, compressed, much shorter than head; exposed cul- men less than to more than two-thirds length of tarsus, nearly straight for basal half or more, decidedly convex terminally, with tip slightly uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, faintly convex; maxillary tomium straight, faintly deflected basally; mandibular tomium nearly straight to near base, where gradu- ally but rather strongly deflected; depth of bill at base about equal to the basal width, and equal to or a little raore than half the length of the exposed culmen. Nostril exposed, roundish, with narrow superior membrane. Rictal bristles hardly obvious. Wing rather long (about three and three-fourths to four times as long as tarsus), rounded (eighth to fifth quills longest, ninth longer than first, sometimes longer than second); primaries exceeding secondaries by length of exposed culmen or more. Tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, its feathers with com- pact webs and rounded tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching about to base of middle claw; the inner claw not reaching quite so far; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. Occiput slightly crested. Coloration.—Plain bright yellowish olive above, saffron or indian yellow beneath; head gray, paler (sometimes nearly white) on throat. Sexes alike in color. Range.—Y ueatan and Guatemala to Bolivia. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF EUCOMETIS. a. Chest without streaks or flammulations. b. Crest more developed, the feathers blended, the color paler than that of loral and orbital regions. (Veragua to Oc slombia.)— Eucometis cristata, adults (p. 139) bb. Crest less developed, the feathers distinctly outlined, the color not paler than that of loral and orbital regions. (Hucometis spodocephala. ) c. Richer, more golden, olive-green above, deep saffron yellow beneath; throat deeper gray; bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 13.5). (Costa Rica; INTCArAO Ua pee eer Eucometis spodocephala spodocephala, adults (p. 139) cc. Clearer, less golden, olive-green above, lemon or gamboge yellow beneath; throat paler gray; bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 12.7) (Yueatan; Guatemala? ; British Honduras? ; Honduras ?) Eucometis spodocephala pallida, adults (p. 140) aa. Chest with streaks or flammulations of olive-green. (Chiriqui. ) Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax, adults (p. 141) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 139 EUCOMETIS CRISTATA (Du Bus). GRAY-CRESTED TANAGER, Adults (sexes alike).—Head and neck gray, paler, and usually streaked with whitish (sometimes inclining to grayish white) on malar region, chin, and throat; crest slightly tinged with olive-yellowish; lores and eyelids dusky gray; rest of upper parts, including lower hindneck, plain yellowish olive-green; under parts of body saffron yellow, becoming gradually paler posteriorly, the under tail-coverts more chrome yellow; bill black or brownish black; legs and feet pale buffy brownish (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 163.8-181.6 (169.4); wing, 86.9-94.7 (90.4); tail, 75.4-80.5 (78.2); exposed culmen, 13.7-15.7 (14.7); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.9 (7.4); tarsus, 21.6-22.9 (22.6); middle toe, 14.7-16.8 (15.5). Adult female.—Length (skins), 172.2-172.7 (172.5); wing, 88.1-91.9 (89.7); tail, 74.2-84.3 (78.5); exposed culmen, 14.7-16 (15.2); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.3-21.6 (21.6); middle toe, 14.7-16 RLDE2).? Veragua (Chitra) to central Colombia. Pipilopsis cristata Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Brux., xxxii, 1855, 154. Eucometis cristata Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 118, part (monoer.; Santa Marta and Cartagena, Colombia); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 42; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 84 (Santa Marta and Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 218, part (Panama and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Ari- hueea, Santa Marta, Minea, and Bogota, Colombia).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 141 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia).—LawreEnceg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 298 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Scuater and Satvin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill).—Satvrn and Gopman, Ibis, 1880, 121 (Santa Marta); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 306, part (Colombian refer- ences and localities). —Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 142 (Santa Marta).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 168 (Bonda, ete., prov. Santa Marta). [ Eucometis| cristata SctaTer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1878, 23. Trichothraupis penicillata (not Tanagra penicillata Spix) ScuaTer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, 156 ( Bogota). EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA SPODOCEPHALA (Bonaparte). GRAY-HEADED TANAGER. Similar to #) er7stata, but gray of head and neck much darker; crest less developed, with feathers distinctly outlined instead of blended; tail shorter; bill much smaller. ‘Six specimens. * Three specimens. 140 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adults (serves alike).—Head and neck plain gray, darker on pileum (dull slate-gray, slightly tinged with olive), paler (smoke gray) on chin and throat; upper parts (except of head and neck) plain yellowish olive- green (as in /. er/stata); under parts, posterior to throat, deep saffron yellow (as in /. cr/stata), deeper on chest, lighter and purer yellow on abdomen and under tail-coverts, the sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive; bill black; legs and feet pale buffy brownish (in dried skins). Adult mate. (skins), 151.1-160 (156); wing, 87.6—-92.5 (89.9); tail, 74.2-77.7 (75.9); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.2 (12.7); depth of bill at base, 6.6—-7.4 (6.9); tarsus, 21.8; middle toe, 1 15.2 (S);" Adult female.—Length (skins), 153.7 (one specimen); wing, 838.1— 84.6 (83.8); tail, 71.6-73.4 (72.4); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.2 (14); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 6.9; tarsus, 21.8-22.1; middle toe, 15.7." Costa Rica (Trojas de Puntarenas; Nicoya; Tempate; Volcan de Miravalles) and Nicaragua (Sucuyé; Virgin Bay; Hato Viejo). Chlorospingus spodocephala Bonapartr, Compt. Rend., xxxix, 1854, 922 (Nica- ragua; coll. Delattre); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 22e Chlorospingus spodocephalus ScuaTEeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 91 (monogr. ; Nicaragua) ; Synop. Av, Tanagr., 1856, 29. Eucometis spodocephala Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 84 (Nicaragua); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 219, part (Virgin Bay, Lake Nicaragua; Nicoya, Costa Rica). Tie vin, Ibis, 1872, 316 (Virgin Bay, Lake Nicaragua).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, ‘1868, 100 (Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Costa Rica).—Satvin and GopMman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 307, pl. 20, fig. 2, part (Virgin Bay and Hato Viejo, Nicaragua; Tempate, Costa Rica).— Nutrina, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 382 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua; habits) .— ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Fe. Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Trojas de Puntarenas, Costa Bic eeenoon: Ibis, 1896, 435 (Volean de Miravalles, Costa Rica; habits). [ Fucometis] spodocephala ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 23, part. EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA PALLIDA Berlepsch. YUCATAN GRAY-HEADED TANAGER. Similar to 7. s. spodocephala, but lighter colored; gray of chin and throat decidedly paler; olive-green of upper parts clearer, less ‘golden;” yellow of under parts lighter and clearer, nearer lemon ey than saffron yellow; length (skins), 153.7-162.6 (158); wing, 81.8-83.3 (82. 6); tail, 71.1-73.4 (72.1); exposed culmen, 12.7-13; ss depth ! Two specimens, from Sucuya, Nicaragua. BIRDS OF WORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 141 of bill at base (one specimen), 5.6; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 13.5-14.2 (GES) sa Yucatan; Guatemala?; British Honduras?; Honduras? (?) Eucometis spodocephala (not Chlorospingus spodocephalus Bonaparte) Sayin and Sciarer, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Guatemala).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 219, part (British Honduras; Coban, Guatemala). Eucometis spodocephala Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 443 (n. Yuea- tan).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 307, part (n. Yucatan; British Honduras ’?; Guatemala ?; San Pedro, Honduras ?). Eucometis spodocephala pallida Breruerscu, Auk, vy, Oct., 1888, 451, 452 (Yucatan; coll. Count von Berlepsch ). EUCOMETIS SPODOCEPHALA STICTOTHORAX (Berlepsch). STREAKED-CHESTED TANAGER, Similar to /. s. spodocephala but greener or less yellowish olive- green above, and chest streaked or flammulated with olive-green; length (skins), 165-168 (166.5); wing, 85-89 (87.5); tail, 75-77 (76.2); exposed culmen, 13-15 (14.4); tarsus, 22-23 (22.2); middle toe, 14-15 (14.7).? Chiriqui (Bugaba; Boquete); Veragua?* Eucometis spodocephala (not Chlorospingus spodocephalus Bonaparte) Satvry, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santa Fé, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 188 (Bugabd, and Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui).—Satvry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1883, 307, part (Veraguan references and localities).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 219, part (Santa Fé, Veragua; Mina de Chorcha and Bugaba, Chiriqui). Eucometis spodocephala stictothorar Brerterscu, Auk, vy, Oct., 1888, 451, 452 (Chi- riqui; coll. Count von Berlepsch). Genus PHCENICOTHRAUPIS Cabanis. Phoenicothraupis* CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 24. (Type, Saltator rubicu. Vieillot. ) Medium-sized Tanagers superficially resembling the mere uniformly ' Two specimens, from Temax and Izalam, Yucatan. Two specimens, from Guate- mala and Belize, British Honduras, respectively, which I refer, at least provision- ally, to this form, measure as follows: | oe oe raped Ex- | Depth ada Locality. | Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus. ieee culmen. | at base. agers Two specimens (not sexed) from Yucatan........ S2461|) e725" Ze 7 5.6 22.4 13.7 One specimen (not sexed) from Guatemala.....-. 82 | TESS) | SDA eects 22:1 14 One specimen (notsexed) from British Honduras | QBeIIZC) Rerer ere eis ere reas See seioccisas cee | 85.9 71.6 | Lee Secale 22.9 14 The Guatemala specimen, which is without definite locality, agrees minutely in coloration with the Yucatan specimens, except that the gray of the throat is very slightly deeper. That from Belize is intermediate in coloration between the present form and true E. spodocephala (to which Count von Berlepsch referred it), and per- haps should be placed with the latter rather than with the Yucatan race. A larger series may show that instead of being only two forms there are in reality three, the birds from Guatemala and Honduras constituting an unnamed subspecies. * Four specimens, from Boquete, Chiriqui. * Although Count von Berlepsch gives the habitat of this form as Veragua or “Chiriqui in Veragua,’’ his specimens were all from Chiriqui. *“Von Pozvié, Purpurroth und Thraupis.”’ 142 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. colored species of Piranga, but outermost (ninth) primary shorter than second (instead of decidedly longer than third); adult males with a scarlet crown-patch and with more or less red on under parts (some- times confined to the throat); females and young brown or olive above, paler below. Bill as in the more slender-billed species of /%ranga, but narrower (width at base scarcely if at all exceeding basal depth), the gonys rela- tively shorter, and distinctly, though slightly, convex, and maxillary tomium without any indication of a tooth-like projection. Nostrils narrower. Rictal bristles strong, conspicuous, and frontal bristles (over nostrils) well developed. Wing about three and three-fourths to a little more than four times as long as tarsus, much rounded (seventh to fourth primaries longest, ninth shorter than second); primaries exceeding secondaries by much less than length of tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by much less than length of tarsus, sometimes nearly as long as wing, more or less rounded, the rectrices rather broad, with ‘ather loose webs and somewhat pointed tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching about to or a little beyond base of middle claw, the inner claw falling short of the latter; hind claw shorter than its digit. Coloration.—Adult males reddish brown, reddish gray, or dusky, with bright red throat and crown, the feathers of the latter sometimes developed into a more or less obvious crest; females and young usually brownish above, paler beneath, with or without a yellowish-bufty or tawny crown-patch; adult female sometimes similar to the male, but duller. Range.—Southern Mexico to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and western Ecuador. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PHCENICOTHRAUPIS. a. General color red. (Adult males.) b. Scarlet crown-patch margined laterally with a black or blackish brown line; lores and suborbital region not dusky or sooty; chin and sides of upper throat not grayish or sooty. (Phenicothraupis rubica. ) c. Darker, the back, ete., liver brownish. d. Throat conspicuously brighter red than chest. (Eastern Mexico to north- ern Henduras. )....Phcenicothraupis rubica rubicoides, adult male (p. 144) dd. Throat nct conspicuously brighter red than chest. e. Darker above, paler below; smaller (wing averaging 90.8, tail 78.5, tarsus 23.5, midd'e toe 14.7). (Yucatan and Campeche. ) Phenicothraupis rubica nelsoni, adult male (p. 145) ee. Paler above, darker below; larger (wing averaging 93, tail 83.5, tarsus 24.6, middle toe 16.3). (Costa Rica to Isthmus of Panama. ) Phenicothraupis rubica vinacea, adult male (p. 146) ce. Paler, the back, ete., reddish light chestnut or dull brick reddish. d. Under parts dull flesh color, purer flesh color on throat. (Pacific coast of Oaxaca and Guerrero. )..Phenicothraupis rubica affinis, adult male (p. 147) sinew pier oso BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 143 dd. Under parts dull vinaceous-pink, clearer pink on throat. (Pacific coast, territory of Tepic.) ..-Phcenicothraupis rubica roseus, adult male (p. 147) bb. Scarlet crown-patch not margined laterally with a line of black or blackish brown; lores and suborbital region dusky or sooty grayish; chin and sides of upper throat dusky or sooty grayish. c. Back, ete., reddish dusky; tail not distinctly reddish. (Southeastern Nicaragua to northeastern Colombia. ).-Phenicothraupis fuscicauda, adult male (p. 152) cc. Back, ete., brownish red, grayish red, or reddish brown. (Phenicothraupis salvini, adult male. ) d. Back, ete., brownish red or grayish red; under parts of body but slightly tinged with gray. e. Paler; light grayish red above. f. Paler and more grayish. (Mugeres and Meco islands, Yucatan. ) Phenicothraupis salvini insularis, adult male (p. 152) Jf. Darker and less grayish. (Peninsula of Yucatan. ) Pheenicothraupis salvini peninsularis, adult male (p. 151) ee. Darker; deep brownish red above. jf. Throat poppy red; more purplish red above and below. (Coast plain of eastern Mexico, from southern Tamaulipas to Tabasco.) Phenicothraupis salvini littoralis, adult male (p. 149) ff. Throat vermilion red or scarlet; more brownish red above and below. - (Southeastern Mexico, except coastal plain, to northern Honduras. ) Phenicothraupis salvini salvini, adult male (p. 148) dd. Back, ete., reddish brown; under parts of body strongly tinged with grayish. (Southern Honduras to eastern Nicaragua. ) Phenicothraupis salvini discolor, adult male (p. 150) aa. General color olive or brownish, the throat yellow or yellowish. (Adult females and immature males. ) b. Center of crown and occiput distinctly yellowish, ochraceous, or tawny, or else throat not yellowish or salmon color. c. Darker; moredecidedly olivaceous below; crown-patch more tawny-ochraceous. d. Back, chest, ete., ochreous olive; crown-patch ochraceous or tawny. Phenicothraupis rubica rubicoides, adult female and young male (p. 144) dd. Back, chest, ete., more greenish olive; crown-patch more yellowish ocher. e. Darker above, paler below, the abdomen pale buff; smaller (wing aver- aging 82, tail 69.5). Phenicothraupis rubica nelsoni, adult female (p. 146) ee. Paler above, darker below, the abdomen olive-buff or buffy olive; larger (wing averaging 85.3, tail 77.2). Phenicothraupis rubica vinacea, adult female (p. 146) ec. Paler; move ochraceous or buffy below; crown-patch more buffy, less dis- tinct (sometimes obsolete). d. Deeper colored; larger (wing 91.9, tail 85.1, exposed culmen 17.0). Phenicothraupis rubica affinis, adult female and young male (p. 147) dd. Paler; smaller (wing 81.5-83.8, tail 78.2-80.0, culmen 14.7-15.2). Phenicothraupis rubrica roseus, adult female and young male (p. 147) bb. Center of crown and occiput not yellowish, ochraceous, or tawny, but concolor with rest of pileum, or else tinged with red; throat yellowish or salmon color, in more or less strong contrast with color of chest. c. Above brown; chest tawny brown or cinnamon-brownish d. Throat yellow; chest tawny brown; back darker brown; tail bistre or sepia brown; occiput not tinged with red. Phenicothraupis salvini salvini, adult female and young male (p. 148) Phenicothraupis salvini discolor, adult female and young male (p. 150) 144 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dd. Throat ochraceous-buff, ochraceous-rufous, or dull salmon color; back lighter brown; tail light mars brown o» cinnamon-brown; occiput tinged with red. - Phenicothraupis salvini littoralis, adult female and young male (p. 149) cc. Above, olive or deep olive-brown; chest olive or yellowish olive. Pheenicothraupis fuscicauda, adult female and young male (p. 152) PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA RUBICOIDES (Lafresnaye). MEXICAN ANT TANAGER, Adult male.—Median portion of crown and occiput scarlet, forming a bushy erectile crest of elongated narrow feathers, this scarlet patch or crest bordered laterally by a narrow stripe of black or blackish brown; forehead, sides of head, and upper parts (except as described) plain dull brownish red (deep brick red, liver brown, or bay); under parts reddish, changing gradually from light vermilion or dull scarlet on throat to dull vinaceous on flanks and dull flesh color on margins of under tail-coverts, the central portion of which is duller, more grayish red; maxilla blackish brown; mandible horn brown; iris brown;' legs and feet horn brown; length (skins), 165.1—184.2 (174.2); wing, 90.7-98.6 (94.2); tail, 77-86.1 (81.5); exposed culmen, 15-16.8 (15.7); depth of bill at base, 8.4-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 23.1-26.7 (24.4); middle toe 14.7—17.3 (16).” Adult female.—Pileum deep or dark olive anteriorly or laterally, inclosing a more or less distinct elongated patch of ocher-yellowish, ochraceous, or tawny, the feathers of this patch more or less tipped with olive; rest of upper parts plain light olive, olive-brown, or slightly ochraceous olive; under parts paler ochraceous-olive, still paler and usually tinged with yellow on throat, the flanks browner or more olive; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 167.6-177.8 (172.2); wing, 83.8-89.4 (86.9); tail, 73.9-79.5 (77.2); exposed culmen, 14.2— 16.5 (15.7); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 22.4-95.4 (24.4); middle toe, 14.2-15.2 (14.7).’ ‘ Sumichrast. ? Fourteen specimens. * Seven specimens. Average measurements of specimens from different localities are as follows: Depth Locality. Wing. | Tail. | CY | of bin | Tarsus.| Middle * | at base. : MALES. | Six adult males from eastern Mexico (Vera Cruz, BUCS) ohare tole enim etaron es fold Sere et etaychore inicio ee mioiniaerheeietare 93.5 $1.8 15.7 9.1 25.4 16.5 Five adult males from Guatemala .............-.--. | 95.0] 81.5 16.0 | 9.4 24.4 15.7 Three adult males from Tabasco..............------ 94.2} 80.5 15.7 9.4 24.4 15.5 FEMALES. Two adult females from eastern Mexico (Puebla) .. 87.4 79.2 16.3 | 8.6 25.1 14.5 | | Five adult females from Guatemala ..............-. 86.6 76.2} 15.7 | 9.4 23.9 14.7 | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 145 Immature male.—Similar to the adult female, and not always dis- tinguishable, but usually more rufescent in coloring; sometimes russet- brown above, the primaries and rectrices decidedly russet, crown-patch deep tawny, and under parts strongly tinged with tawny, especially on throat and chest. Young (first plumage).—Above plain olive-brown, the crown with- out any distinct patch, or none, of ochraceous; primaries and rectrices lighter, more yellowish olive or raw umber brown; under parts plain buffy olive, the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and throat buffy wood brown, the last paler. Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Paplanta, Cor- dova, etc.), Oaxaca (Playa Vicente, Guichicovi, ete.), and southward through Guatemala to Honduras! (San Pedro; Omoa to Chilomo). Saltlator] rubicoides LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., vii, 1844, 41 (Mexico). Ph{[oenicothraupis] rubicoides CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 24 (Mexico). Phenicothraupis rubicoides Scuater, Ann. & Mag. N. H., 2d ser., xiii, 1854, 25; Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 120, part (monogr.; Papantla and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Guatemala), 303 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa), 377 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Synop. Ay. Tanagr., 1856, 44; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 83 (Mexico; Guatemala).—Scuarer and SALvIn, Ibis, 1859, 15 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 8386 (San Pedro, Honduras ).—Moore, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa to Chilomo, Honduras).—Sanvin and Sciater, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Yzabal, Guatemala).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1866, 173 (City of Mexico).—Sumr- cHRAST, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (tierra caliente, Vera Cruz).— SALVIN, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 193 (Guatemala).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 300 (Yzabal, Choctum, Alotenango, Savana Grande, Escuintla, Costa Grande, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Omoa, Hon- duras, etc.) —CHApPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). : [ Phenicothraupis | rubicoides SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 22, part. Phaenicothraupis vinacea (not of Lawrence) Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 35. Phenicothraupis rubicoides LAwRENcrE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Guichicovi, Oaxaca). Phenicothraupis rubicoides Boucarn, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. Saltator rubicus (not of Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., iv, 1865, 90 (foot of Cofre del Perote, Vera Cruz). Tanagra ignicapilla LicHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, 2 (nomen nudum; Papantla,? Vera Cruz, Mexico); Journ. fir Orn., 1863, 56. Plhenicothraupis|] ignicapilla Frxscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 581, in text (Guatemala). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA NELSONI Ridgway. NELSON’S ANT TANAGER, Similar to ?. 7. rubicoides but smaller and much duller in color, with underparts much paler; adult male with back, etc., reddish chestnut instead of deep brick red, liver brown, or bay, the throat pale coral 'No Honduras specimens have been seen by me. * According to Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 300. 3654—voL 2—01——10 146 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. red or reddish flesh color instead of light vermilion or scarlet; adult female with back, etc., more olive, fhe. abdomen very pale buffy. Adult male.—Length (skins), 167.8-185 (178.2); wing, 88-97 (90.8); tail, 76-83 (78.5); exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 22-24 (23.5); middle toe, 14-16 (14.7.)? Adult female.—Length (skin), 166; wing, 82; tail, 69.5; exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 23; middle toe, 15.” Peninsula of Yucatan (Puerto Morelos) including Campeche (Apazote). Pheenicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Lafresnaye) CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 279 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA VINACEA (Lawrence). VINACEOUS-THROATED ANT TANAGER, Similar to 2. 7. rubicordes but adult male with under parts duller reddish, especially on throat, and adult female more greenish olive above, more yellowish olive below. Adult male.—Above exactly as in 2. 7. rubicoides but scarlet crest encroaching more on the forehead, where extending almost to base of culmen; beneath asin 72. 7. rvbicoides, but throat duller red, obsoletely streaked with still duller brownish red; length (skins), 170-188 (179.7); wing, 91.9-97 (94.2); tail, 81.5-83 (82.5); exposed culmen, 15-16 (15.7); depth of bill at base, 9.5-10 (9.8); tarsus, 24.4-24.9 (24.5); middle toe, 16-16.5 (16.1). Adult female.—Above light ochraceous-olive, more greenish than in P. rv. rubicoides; sides of pileum darker than back, the median por- tion dull ochraceous or ochre-yellowish; under parts light ochraceous- olive on chest. similar but duller on sides and flanks, the throat and abdomen light wax yellowish (the former indistinctly streaked with pale grayi on olive); length (skins), 170-175 (173); wing, 82-90 (86.5); tail, 75.5-79.5 (76.9); cxposed culmen, 15-16.5 (15.7); depth of bill at base, 8.5-10 (9.4); tarsus, 23-24.5 (23.6); middle toe, 15.’ Costa Rica to Isthmus of Panama. Phenicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Latresnaye) Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1865, 171 (Grecia, Costa Rica). Phenicothraupus vinacea LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, 1867, 94 (Panama; coll. G. N. Lawrence); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 99 (Guaitil and Grecia, Costa Rica; descr. female). Phoenicothraupus vinacea FRAN?zINS, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). Pheenicothraupis vinacea SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 187 (Volean de Chiriqui; Calovevora, Veragua).—Satvrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 301.—ScLarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 197.—UNpEr- woop, Ibis, 1896, 485 (Volean de Miravalles, Costa Rica). [ Phenicothraupis] vinacea SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 187: ' Four specimens. Oue specimen. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 147 Phenicothraupis vinacea ZeELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Tamborde, Alajuela, and Guaitil, Costa Rica). Phenicothraupis rubwa? (not Saltator rubicus Vieillot) Satvrn, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santa Fé, Veragua; crit. ). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA AFFINIS (Nelson). OAXACA ANT TANAGER. Similar to P. 7. rubicoides, but much paler. Adult male.—Grayish brick red above, dull flesh color below, slightly brighter on throat, darker and duller on chest, the sides and flanks still duller and strongly tinged with brownish gray. Adult female.—Light olive above (more yellowish on tail and outer webs of primaries) the crown with an indistinct dusky stripe along each side and the central portion, indistinctly, light ochraceous; under- parts nearly uniform brownish buff or clay color, lighter, more decid- edly buffy on throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, darker on flanks. Adult male.—Length (skin), 190.5; wing, 91.9; tail, 83.3; exposed culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 15.5. Adult female.—Length (skin), 185.4; wing, 91.9; tail, 85.1; exposed culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 15.2. Pacific slope of Oaxaca (Pinotepa) and Guerrero(?). Pheenicothraupis rubicoides affinis Netson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 66 (Pinotepa, Oaxaca, s. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA ROSEUS (Nelson). ROSY ANT TANAGER. Similar in coloration to P. 7. affinis, but still paler, the adult male more pinkish, the adult female more greenish above and more yel- lowish below. Adult male.—Above similar to P. 7. affin’s, but crest poppy red rather than scarlet, and general color of back, wings, ete., rather yvarmer reddish; beneath deep vinaceous-pink, clearer and deeper on throat and chest, paler on abdomen and under tail-coverts, much grayer on sides and flanks; length (skin), 182.9; wing, 92.7; tail, 85.9; exposed culmen, 16.5; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 24.9; middle toe. 15.5." Adult female.—Above light greenish olive, the median portion of crown indistinctly ochraceous (this sometimes obsolete); beneath vary- ing from pale dull clay color (more buffy on throat, abdomen, and under tail-coverts) to pale dull buff-yellowish, tinged on chest, sides, and flanks with pale grayish olive; length (skins), 175.3-177.8 (176.5); wing, 81.5-83.8 (82.6); tail, 78.2-80 (79); exposed culmen, 14.7-15.2 (15); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 24.1; middle toe, 15-15.2.’ 1 One specimen (the type). 2 Two specimens. YPe, I 148 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pacific coast district of western Mexico, in Territory of Tepic (San Sebastian; Arroyo de Juan Sanchez). Phenicothraupis rubicoides roseus Newtson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, Mar. 24, 1898, 60 (Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, Jalisco, Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI SALVINI Berlepsch. SALVIN’S ANT TANAGER, Similar to 2. friseicauda in absence of distinct black lateral border to the scarlet crest, brown or dusky tips to feathers of the latter, and conspicuously yellow throat and absence of colored crown-patch in adult females, but coloration much redder in adult males, much browner, or less olivaceous in females. Adult male.—Above plain brick red or liver brown (more purplish than in 7. rubicoides), the remiges deep grayish brown terminally; median portion of crown and occiput bright vermilion or scarlet, the feathers tipped with dark reddish brown; lores, suborbital region, and anterior portion of malar region dusky, the chin similar but paler (dull brown or grayish brown); throat clear vermilion red, changing on under parts of body to brownish red, this changing on flanks to much duller grayish red or dusky vinaceous; under tail-coverts light vermilion red, duller (pale grayish red) medially; bill black; legs and feet light horn brownish; length (skins), 177.8-209.6 (198.1); wing, 93.7-109 (102.1); tail, 85.6-99.6 (94.5); exposed culmen, 14.7-17.5 (16.5); depth of bill at base, 7.9-9.4 (8.6); tarsus, 25.9-28.5 (26.9); middle toe, 16.3-18.8 (17.5).’ Adult female.—Above, including sides of head, plain deep umber brown, without lighter or differently colored space in center of pileum; lores, suborbital region, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and lateral margin of upper throat brownish gray or dusky; throat ocher-yellow or dull cadmium yellow, sometimes approaching orange-ochraceous; chest tawny-olive, russet, or orange-russet, the sides and flanks similar but duller, the abdomen paler (light tawny- olive or raw umber, sometimes tinged with yellow); under tail-coverts cinnamon; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 180.3-190.5 (182.4); wing, 86.9-97 (90.4); tail, 81-87.1 (83.6); exposed culmen, 16-18 (16.8); depth of bill at base, 7.9-9.1 (8.4); tarsus, 25.1-26.9 (25.7); middle toe, 16.3-17.3 (16.8).’ Similar in coloration to the adult female and often Immature male. not distinguishable. Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Orizaba; Motzorongo), Oaxaca (Guichicovi; Santo Domingo; Tuxtepec), and Chiapas (San ! Eleven specimens. * Six specimens from southern Mexico (Vera Cruz and Oaxaca), a BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 149 Benito; El Salto), and southward through Guatemala to northern Honduras. Phenicothraupis rubicus (not Saltator rubicus Vieillot) Sumtcurast, Mem. Bost. Soe. N. H., i, 1869, 549 (tierra caliente, Vera Cruz). Phenicothraupis fuscicauda (not of Cabanis) Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 19 (Guichicoyi, Oaxaca). (2?) Phenicothraupis fuscicauda (not of Lawrence) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 1896-97 (1899), 223 (Naranjo, Guatemala). Phenicothraupis salvini Breruerscn, Ibis, 5th ser., i, Oct., 1883, 487, pl. 18 (Guate- mala; coll. Count von Berlepsch).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, 1, 1883, 303, part (Vera Cruz; Guichicoyi, Oaxaca; Corosal and Belize, British Honduras; Chisec, Guatemala).—Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 200, part (Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; Belize and Corosal, British Honduras; Chisec, Guatemala). Phenicothraupis salvini salvini Ripaway, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., i, Apr. 15, 1901, 150, in text. PHGENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI LITTORALIS (Nelson). TABASCO ANT TANAGER, Similar to P. s. salvind, but adult male much more purplish or rosy red and adult female and immature male much more reddish, with throat deep ochraceous-buff or dull orange to ochraceous-rufous tinged with red instead of yellow, and under parts of body tawny-ochraceous to cinnamon-rufous, tinged with red medially. Adult male.—Ahove plain deep brick red; wings grayish brown (deep hair brown), with brick red edgings, this color occupying whole outer web of tertials; primaries edged for basal half with pale brick red, for terminal portion with pale grayish brown; median portion of crown and occiput poppy red, the feathers with tips extensively dark reddish brown; lores, suborbital region, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and sides of upper throat dusky brownish gray or sooty; throat poppy red; rest of under parts changing from dark or dull poppy red on chest to paler, more vinaceous, red on abdomen and to dark vinaceous on flanks; under tail-coverts pale poppy red or deep flesh-pink, tinged with grayish on median portion of each feather; bill black, the mandible sometimes more brownish basally; legs light horn brownish, the toes somewhat darker; length (skins), 205.7-213.1 (208.3); wing, 101.6-106.7 (104.4); tail, 90.4-99.3 (95.5); exposed cul- men, 17.8-19.8 (19.1); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 25.4-28.2 (26.7); middle toe, 16-17.5 (16.8).! Adult female.—Above deep mars brown, the center of crown and occiput more or less strongly tinged with brownish red; lores, subor- bital region, anterior portion of malar region, and chin dull grayish or brownish gray; throat varying from orange-buff to deep salmon-color or dull saturn red; chest cinnamon-rufous or deep tawny, fading into tawny-ochraceous or paler cinnamon-rufous on abdomen, the sides and 1 Six specimens. 150 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAE MUSEUM. flanks russet; under tail-coverts clear tawny; maxilla blackish, mandi- ble brownish or blackish, or the former basally, the latter See legs and feet as in-adult male; length (skins), 179.8-197.1 (187. wing, 89.4-98 (93.5); tail, 82-87.9 (84.6); exposed culmen, 15. 748 (17.3); depth of bill at base, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 25.1—26.4 (25.7); tarsus, 25.1-26.4 (25.7); middle toe, 15-16.5 (16).’ Immature male.—Similar to the adult female, but usually(7) more reddish (throat dull saturn red to pale dull vermilion), under parts tinged with red, and median portion of crown and occiput dull reddish, Coast plain of eastern Mexico, from southern Tamaulipas (Alta Mira; Tampico) to Chiapas (El Salto) and Tabasco (Frontera). Phenicothraupis fuscicauda salvini Ricumonp, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, Aug. 12, 1896, 631 (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas). Phenicothraupis littoralis Nevson, Auk, xviii, Jan., 1891, 48 (Frontera, Tabasco, s. e. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI DISCOLOR Ridgway. NICARAGUAN ANT TANAGER,. Adult male.—Similar to P. s. salvin7, but upper parts much duller in color (chocolate instead of purplish brick red or liver brown); throat paler vermilion or searlet, and under parts of body paler and much more tinged with gray, the flanks decidedly grayish; length (skins), 180.8-190.5 (185.9); wing, 92.5-99.1 (96.5); tail, 84.8-90.9 (87.1); exposed culmen, 17.3-19.1 (17.8); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 25.4-26.2 (25.7); middle toe, 15.2-17.3 (16.5).” Adult female.—Not always distinguishable from that of 7. s? sal- vin’, but sometimes a little more olive in coloring, especially the tail; length (skins), 170.2-195.6 (181.4); wing, 84.1-92.2 (88.9); tail, 76.2—- 84.3 (81); exposed culmen, 16.3-17 (16.5); depth of billat base, 8.4—9.1 (8.6); tarsus, 24.9-27.7 (25.7); middle toe, 15.7-16.5 (16).* Young male (first plumage).—Pileum, hindneck, and under parts brownish vinaceous-cinnamon, darker on the first, the last indistinctly clouded on chest, breast, ete., with vandyke brown; back and other upper parts warmer sepia brown, becoming clearer sepia on tail and primaries, the latter with much paler edges; feathers of back with paler shaft-streaks; bill horn brownish, paler at tip.* Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) and Nicaragua (Rio Escondido; Los Sabalos; Managua). (2?) Phenicothraupis fuscicauda (not of Cabanis ?) Sanvix, Ibis, 1872, 315, 516 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 199, part (Chontales). 'Six specimens. > Five specimens. * Four specimens. ‘Probably not different from the same stage of P. s. salvini, which, however, | have not seen. ee ee oe eee peerage ugtemananerar eee cor een 0 fc BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Dsl Phenicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Latresnaye) Nurrine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 382 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua; habits). Pheenicothraupis salvini (not of Berlepsch) Ripa@way, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).—Ricumonp, Proc.-U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 490 (Rio Escondido and Greytown, Nicaragua; habits). Pheenicothraupis salvini discolor. Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., ii, Apr. 15, 1901, 150 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; col. U.S. Nat. Mus.). PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI PENINSULARIS Ridgway. YUCATAN ANT TANAGER, Adult male. dull brick red, paier and more tinged with grayish on sides of pileum and on forehead, especially the latter; wings grayish brown or drab, tinged with dull reddish, the coverts and secondaries with more decid- edly reddish edgings, the primaries edged with pale reddish gray; tail similar in color to back, but lighter (light dull vinaceous-rufous); median portion of crown and occiput scarlet, the feathers with brownish tips; lores, suborbital region and anterior portion of malar region sooty brownish; ehin and lateral margin of upper throat sooty grayish; throat and chest light vermilion red, becoming gradually duller pos- Similar £0 that of 7? s. sa/x7n7, but much paler; above teriorly, when gradually becoming paler and more tinged with gray, the flanks dull vinaceous; length (skins), 186-200 (193.8); wing, 98—LO+ (101.2); tail, 82-104 (90.4); exposed culmen, 15-17 (16); tarsus, 24-28 (26.4); middle toe, 16-18 (17).! Immature male.—V ery much paler than the immature male or adult female of 7. s. sa/v/n7 and much grayer above; upper parts plain light brown (broccoli brown with a tinge of wood brown), becoming more ochreous or tawny brown (light raw umber) on rump and upper tail- coverts; pileum (except laterally) brighter, more ochraceous (ochra- ceous-cinnamon); throat pale ocher yellow; rest of under parts dull ochraceous, darker across chest, browner (grayish cinnamon) on sides and flanks, paler (buff-yellowish) on abdomen. This form seems to be very close to 7? ¢nsularis, which I have not seen; but since the deseribers of 7. 7nsu/ar/s compare it with Yucatan specimens, which they refer to 7. sa/vin7, though the paler color of Yucatan specimens is alluded to, I can only conclude that the main- land and island birds are different. Peninsula of Yucatan (Izalam; Calotmul: Puerto Morelos; La Veen). Pheenicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Lafresnaye) Boucarn, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 448 (Izalam, n. Yucatan). Phenicothraupis salvini BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1883, 487, part (Izalam, n. Yucatan ).— Sayin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 303, part (Izalam, n. Yucatan ).—Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 200, part (Izalam). Phenicothraupis salvini peninsularis Rrpaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., ii, Apr. 15, 1901, 150 (Izalam, n. Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). ‘Seven specimens. Two adult males from Canasayat, Campeche, average, wing, 104.5; tail, 90.5; exposed culmen, 16.5; tarsus, 25.5; middle toe, 16.5, 152 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PHCENICOTHRAUPIS SALVINI INSULARIS (Salvin). ISLAND ANT TANAGER. Similar to P. s. peninsularis, but still paler and grayer. Adult male.—Above grayish red, wings and tail more dusky, slightly edged with olivaceous; vertical crest bright red, without black margin; beneath pale red, the throat clearer, the breast and flanks tinged with gray; bill horn color; feet hazel. Total length, 198.1; wing, 101.6; tail, 91.4; bill to rictus, 21.6; tarsus 25.4. (Free translation of original description. ) Adult female.—Above cinnamon; throat and median portion of abdomen fawn color. (Translation of original description. ) According to Salvin this form is near 72. salvin7, but is much paler and grayer above, and beneath very much paler. Meco Island and Mugeres Island, off coast of Yucatan. Phenicothraupis insularis Savin, Ibis, 5th ser., vi, Apr., 1888, 259 (Meco and Mugeres islands, Yucatan; coll. Salvin and Godman). Phenicothraupis salvini insularis Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 150, in text. PHCENICOTHRAUPIS FUSCICAUDA Cabanis. DUSKY-TAILED ANT TANAGER. Adult male.—Upper parts dark chocolate brown, varying to seal brown; remiges dusky, the secondaries edged with dull chocolate brown, the primaries with brownish gray; rectrices dusky edged with dark purplish brown or chocolate; median portion of pileum bright vermilion or scarlet, the feathers with chocolate-brown tips; sides of head dark chocolate brown posteriorly, becoming dusky on malar, suborbital, and loral regions, the chin also dusky, at least laterally; throat vermilion red or scarlet, forming a more or less triangular patch; rest of under parts changing from dull or dusky grayish red on chest to dark reddish gray on flanks, the under tail-coverts dull grayish red, like chest; bill black, the basal portion of mandible some- times more grayish; legs and feet dark horn-brownish; length (skins), 180.3-205.7 (191.5); wing, 94.7-108.9 (101.3); tail, 84.8-97.5 (91.4); exposed culmen, 16-18.3 (17.5); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 25.9-27.2 (26.2); middle toe, 16-17.8 (17.8).’ Adult female.—Above plain deep bistre brown, more olivaceous on pileum (where sometimes very faintly tinged with yellowish in central or median portion), and on upper tail-coverts, the wings and tail more grayish brown or sepia; sides of head like pileum, becoming lighter or more grayish on malar region; chin and sides of upper throat dull erayish; throat (except sides of upper portion) ochre-yellow or gall- stone yellow (varying to pale naples yellow or maize yellow), some- times very faintly streaked with pale grayish; chest yellowish olive or ‘Twelve specimens. atti ‘ ; ' 7 t BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 1538 ochraceous-olive, passing into lighter and more grayish olive on abdo- men and into deep olive-brown on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts; bill and feet as in adult male, the former sometimes more brownish; length (skins), 175.3-190.5 (184.7); wing, 86.6-95.3 (91.7); tail, 78.7— 86.4 (83.1); exposed culmen, 16.3-18.3 (17.5); depth of bill at base, 8.4-10.2 (9.1); tarsus, 24.9-26.9 (25.9); middle toe, 15.7-17.5 (16.5)." Southern Nicaragua (Greytown; Los Sabalos) to northern Colombia (Santa Marta). — Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda CaBants, Journ. fiir Orn., ix, Mar., 1861, 86 (Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Mus.).—Franvrzivs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 299 (Angostura and Sarapiqui, Costa Rica). Phenicothraupis fuscicauda LAawrencr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vill, 1868, 469 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); vili, 1865, 179 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 99 (Angostura, Costa Rica).—ScuaTer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 350 (Lion Hill; crit.).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (San Carlos, Costa Rica).—Satvry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 302 (Bebedero, Gulf of Nicoya, and San Carlos, w. Costa Rica, ete.).— Nurtine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884,vi, 400 (Los Sibalos, Nicaragua ).—Ripe- way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 414 (Pacuare, Costa Rica).—ScLaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 199, part (Nicoya, Costa Rica; Panama and Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; Santa Marta, Colombia). [ Phenicothraupis] fuscicauda ScLaTer and Saryix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 22. Phenicothraupis fuscicauda ZeLtepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Panama).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus, xvi, 1898, 490 (Rio Frio, Costa Rica). Phenicothraupis rubicoides (not Saltator rubicoides Lafresnaye) LAwrencr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (Costa Rica) . Pheenicothraupis erythrolema Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 83 (Santa Marta, Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater; ex Bonaparte, manuscript). Phenicothraupis fuscicauda erythrolema Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii Sept. 20, 1900, 30 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.; crit. ). ’ ''Ten specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Depth | ears Locality. Wing. Tail. posed | of bill | Tarsus. eee | culmen., | at base. oe MALES. | Two adult males from southern Nicaragua........ 97.3 | 88.4 Lisa, 9.1 25.9 17.0 Three adult males from Costa Rica.........-.--.-- 102.4) 90.7 17.8 9.4 26. 2 17.3 Seven adult males from Isthmus of Panama...--. 101.9 | 93.0 17.5 8.9 26.4 17.3 FEMALES. | One adult female from southern Nicaragua....-..) 86.6 78.7 17.8 8.4 25.9 16.8 Five adult females from Costa Rica ............--. 91.4] 82.0] 17.5 | 8.9 25.7 16.8 Four adult females from Isthmus of Panama..... 94.2 85.3 | 17.8 9.7 26.2 16.5 Some specimens from the Isthmus of Panama are paler than those from Costa Rica and Nicaragua, the adult males slightly more reddish above and the females more olive (less brown); but the difference is so slight and so inconstant (judging by the small series examined) that it does not seem justifiable to recognize a southern form. 154 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Genus CHLOROTHRAUPIS Ridgway. Chlorothraupis ‘‘ Ridgway, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885,’? Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, Dec., 1883, 297.—Ripe@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat! Mus., vi, no. 26, Apr. 11, 1884, 412. (Type, Phenicothraupis carmioli Lawrence. ) Medium sized, plainly colored Tanagers related to Phwnicothraupis, but with tail decidedly shorter than wing from bend to tips of second- aries, and with feathers of crown not elongated; sexes alike in color, olive-green above, more yellowish below. Bill strong, with nearly straight outlines but decurved at tip, rather deeper than broad at base, the basal depth nearly equal to length of gonys; exposed culmen about five-sixths as long as tarsus, slightly conyex or nearly straight to near tip, where distinctly decurved and moderately uncinate; gonys decidedly shorter than distance from nos- tril to tip of maxilla, slightly convex, ascending terminally; maxillary tomium slightly notched subterminally, nearly straight, but percep- tibly convex in middle portion. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, very small, narrow, with broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles dis- tinct. Wing about four times as long as tarsus, rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than third); primaries exceeding secondaries by much less than length of tarsus. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing or a little more, slightly rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with slightly pointed tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw decidedly shorter than its digit. Coloration.—Unitorm dull olive-green above, lighter and more yel- lowish below. Range.—Costa Rica to Peru. (Three species.) This genus comes nearest, apparently, to P/ranga, from which it differs chiefly in its more rounded wing, shorter, more rounded tail, and dull coloration of the adult male. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CHLOROTHRAUPIS. a. Supraloral streak and orbital ring yellow. (Isthmus of Panama to Ecuador.) Chlorothraupis olivacea, adults (p. 154) aa. No yellow on sides of head. (Costa Rica to Peru.) Chlorothraupis carmioli, adults (p. 155) CHLOROTHRAUPIS OLIVACEUS (Cassin). YELLOW-BROWED TANAGER. Adults (sewes alike?).—Ahbove plain bright olive-green, becoming darker on pileum; anterior margin of forehead, supraloral line, and orbital ring lemon yellow, the sides of head otherwise olive-green, like hindneck, becoming somewhat dusky toward rictus and dull gray- ish olive on lores; an indistinct line of olive-yellowish along lower edge of malar region; chin and throat canary yellow medially, olive- ro = eee ee SO BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 155 greenish laterally; rest of under parts plain light olive-ereen, becom- ine slightly more yellowish on abdomen. * Adult male.—Length (skin), 154.9; wing, 88.9; tail, 60.5; depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 22.1; middle toe, 14.7.’ Isthmus of Panama (Rio Truando) and southward through Colom- bia to Ecuador (Pasto). Orthogonys olivaceus Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 140 (valley of the Bio Truando, n. Colombia; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); 1864, 287, pl 2.— ScuaTrer and Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, 502 (Remedios, prov. Antioquia, Colombia; crit. ). Chlorothraupis olivacea SAtvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, sig. 38, Dee., 1883, 298 (valley of Truando; Pasto, Ecuador).—Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 195 (Remedios and Nichi, proy. Antioquia, Colombia; Pasto, Ecuador). CHLOROTHRAUPIS CARMIOLI (Lawrence). CARMIOL’S TANAGER. Adults (sexes alike).—Ahbove plain bright olive-green; beneath yel- lowish olive-green medially, olive-green (like upper parts) on sides and danks, the throat yellow or olive-vellow, streaked with pale grayish olive; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, more horn colored; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins) 157.5-176.5 (167.1); wing, 88.9-94 (90.9); tail, 66-67.8 (66.5); exposed culmen, 15. ce (16.8); depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 29.4-94.1 (23.1); middle toe, 14— fo. (Lo).3 Adult female.—Length (skin), 157.5; wing, 85.1; tail, 61.5; exposed culmen, 17; depth of bill at base, 9.7; eit: 99.4: middle toe, 13.2. Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica (Angostura; Turrialba; Rio Sucio; Valsa), and southward to northern Peru (valley of Cosnipata). Phencothraupis carmioli LAwreNcr, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, Apr., 1868, 100 (Angostura, Costa Rica; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.).—Satvin, Ibis, 1869, 313 (erit.).—SciaTer and Satyry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, 186 (valley of Cosnipata, s. e. Peru).—Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 411 (erit.).—Satvin and GopMaAn, Bill Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, pl. 20, fig. 1.—Taczanowski, Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 499. Phoenicothraupis carmioli Franrzius, Journ. far Orn., 1869, 299 Cees a [ Phenicothraupis] carmioli ScuareR and Sauvix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 22. Chlorothraupis carmioli Satvrx and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, sig. 38, Dec., 1883, 299 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Angostura and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; Cosnipata, s. e. Peru).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 194.—ZeLEpoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Rio Sucio, Costa Rica). 1The bill and feet of the single specimen examined are in a condition which does not permit of their color being described. 2One specimen, the type. This has the tip of the bill broken off. Three specimens. *One specimen. 156 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus NESOSPINGUS Selater. Nesospingus ScLATER, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, July, 1885, 273. (Type, Chlorospingus specu- liferus Lawrence. ) Medium-sized, plainly colored Tanagers with outermost (ninth) pri- mary shorter than fourth (sometimes shorter than third); coloration plain olive above with a small white spot at base of primaries; whitish beneath. Bill subconical, rather stout; exposed culmen nearly two-thirds as long as tarsus, nearly straight basally, gradually convex for terminal half; gonys slightly convex, nearly as long as maxilla from nostril; depth of bill at base decidedly greater than its width; maxillary tomium nearly straight, slightly notched subterminally, gradually and slightly deflected basally; mandibular tomium slightly convex termi- nally, straight in middle portion, gradually though decidedly convex and deflected basally. Nostril exposed, small, roundish, in anterior end of nasal fosse. Rictal bristles very weak, hardly obvious. Wing about three and four-fifths times as long as tarsus, rounded (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than sixth, sometimes shorter than seventh), primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length of tarsus. Tail shorter than wing by about length of tarsus, very slightly rounded, the rectrices moderately broad, with firm webs and rounded, though rather narrow, tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw shorter than its digit, strongly curved. Coloration.—Above plain grayish brown, with white spot at base of primaries; beneath white, slightly flecked on breast with grayish. Range.—Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) NESOSPINGUS SPECULIFERUS (Lawrence). PORTO RICAN TANAGER, Adults (sexes alike). —Pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, and sides of head (down to upper margin of malar region) dusky olive-grayish, the pileum and hindneck and sides of head less dusky, the first more or less distinctly streaked with blackish; back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail plain olive; wing-coverts and secondaries similar but slightly more grayish, especially the greater coverts; primaries dusky, edged with grayish olive or olive-grayish, the sixth, fifth, and fourth with outer webs white at the base, showing beyond the primary coverts as a small spot; under parts, including malar region, white, changing to light grayish olive on sides and flanks; chest more or less flecked with olive- grayish; under tail-coverts pale fulvous, with central sagittate markings of dusky olive or brownish; maxilla dark brown or brownish black, mandible paler horn brownish; legs and feet (in dried skins) grayish dusky (bluish gray in life 4). BIRDS OF NORTH AND M:DDLE AMERICA. Loe Adult male.—Length (skins), 159.3-171.2 (163.3); wing, 81.8-86.1 (85.1); exposed pale: 15.5-17.3 (16.3); depth of bill at base, 9.7-9.9 (9.9); tarsus, 22.6-24.9 (23.4); middle toe, 15-15.7 (15.5).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 152.1-154.9 (153.7); wing, 77.7-78.2 (78); tail, 60.5-62 (61.2); exposed culmen, 15.5-15.7; depth of bill at base, 9.4-9.7; tarsus, 23.6—24.1 (23.9); middle toe, 14.7—15.2 (15).” Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. - Chlorospingus? speculiferus LAWRENCE, Ibis, 3d ser., v, July, 1875, 383, pl. 9, fig. 1 (Porto Rico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). Chlorospingus speculiferus GUNDLACH, Journ. fir Orn., 1878, 168; 1882, 161 (descr. nest and eggs); Anal. Soe. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 190. [ Chlorospingus] speculiferus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 11. Nesospingus speculiferus Scu. ATER, Ibis, 1885, 273; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 272.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 199 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 86 (do.); Cat. W. L Birds 1892, 16, 114, 132. [ Nesospingus] speculiferus Cory, List Birds W. I., revised ed., 1886, 11. Genus CHLOROSPINGUS Cabanis. Chlorospingus® CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, May, 1851, 139. (Type, C. leucophrys Cabanis, = Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus. ) Small, plainly colored Tanagers, with small and not obviously hooked nor toothed bill, the exposed culmen much less than two-thirds as long as tarsus; colors plain olive or olive-green above (the pileum and hind- neck sometimes gray, brown, or sooty), light-colored below, sometimes with yellow on throat or chest; sometimes with white markings on sides of head. Bill much shorter than head, subconical, deeper than broad-at base, where its width is decidedly less than length of gonys; exposed culmen about half as long as tarsus or a little more, slightly convex; gonys a little shorter than maxilla from nostril, less decidedly convex than cul- men; maxillary tomium straight or faintly concave, slightly deflected basally; mandibular tomium straight, slightly deflected basally. Nos- tril exposed, small, longitudinally oval, with rather broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles minute, hardly obvious. Wing rather long (a little more than three to about three and one-third times as long as the rather long tarsus), rounded (eighth to fifth primaries fenoese, ninth shorter than fourth); primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length of middle toe with claw. Tail shorter than wing by less than half the length of the tarsus (C. ol¢vaceus and C. pileatus) to nearly the length of the tarsus (C. hypopheus). Tarsus much longer than middle toe with claw; outer claw reaching about to base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hind claw shorter than its digit—al} the claws well curved, sharp. ' Five specimens. 2 Two specimens. 3“ Von XAawpds, griinlich, und 6mzyyos, nom. prop.” 158 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ooloration.—Plain olive or olive-brown above, lighter olive, yellow- ish, or dull grayish below, with or without yellow on throat: pileum sometimes grayish or blackish, and sides of head sometimes with white postocular spot or superciliary stripe. Range.—Southern Mexico to Bolivia, Peru, and western Ecuador. I feel obliged to exclude from this genus the species ranged by Dr. Sclater, in the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum (XI, p. 235), under his Section B. (= //emispingus Cabanis), some of which, at least, including the type of //emispingus, almost certainly belong to the Mniotiltidee. | KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CHLOROSPINGUS. a. Pileum gray, brown, or sooty black, very different from olive-green of back; chest and sides yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow. b. Malar region, chin, and throat white or buffy; chest yellowish olive, olive- yellow or buffy yellow; whitish of abdomen more extended. c. Postauricular region light gray or brown; pileum brown, grayish, or sooty; white postocular mark a spot beginning at upper eyelid and extending back- ward not farther than end of auricular region (usually not so far). d. Postauricular region (sides of neck) light gray; pileum gray. e. Pileam and hindneck slate-gray, becoming dusky laterally; auricular region lighter gray. (Guatemala. ) -...Chlorospingus olivaceus (p. 159) ee. Pileum and hindneck uniform dusky gray, the forehead and crown some- times almost grayish black; auricular region darker gray. (Guatemala; State of Chiapas, southern Mexico.) -.Chlorospingus postocularis (p. 160) dd. Postauricular region (sides of neck) brown; pileum brown. e. Postocular white spot large, extending to end of auricular region; malar region white (sometimes tinged with buff posteriorly); chest pale yellowish olive. f. Pileum darker or duller brown; back clearer olive-green; chest and sides brighter yellowish olive-green. (Southeastern Mexico, States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca.) : Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (p. 160) ff. Pileum lighter or brighter brown; back more brownish olive-green; chest paler and duller yellowish olive. (Mt. Azul, Vera Cruz. ) Chlorospingus sumichrasti (p. 162) ee. Postocular white spot small, not reaching nearly to end of auricular region; malar region buffy; chest bright yellowish olive, olive-yellow or buffy yellow. f. Pileum lighter brown (deep broccoli or drab); forehead and lores dis- tinctly white anteriorly; throat wholly brownish buff; chest buffy yel- low or ochre-yellow. (Southwestern Mexico, in State of Guerrero. ) Chlorospingus albifrons (p. 162) ff. Pileum darker brown (sepia or grayish sepia); forehead and lores wholly brown; throat white or brownish white, flecked with dusky; chest bright olive-yellow. (Costa Rica to Venezuela and Bolivia. ) Chlorospingus albitempora (p. 163) ce. Postauricular region black, like auricular region; pileum black or sooty black; postocular white mark a broad streak beginning above the eye and con- tinued backward as far as end of black of neck. (Costa Rica and Chiri- QUI) oot ee Se os ps eaten Ae ee ee eee Chiorospingus pileatus (p. 165) iA 1A ep. "i ab eth) nl a a A al aly hy al BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. hog bb. Malar region black, or mostly so; chin and throat yellow flecked with black; whitish of abdomen more restricted. ( Veragua.) Chlorospingus punctulatus (p. 166) aa. Pileum olive-green like back; chest and sides light grayish brown. b. Throat gray; chest crossed by a band of olive-yellow. (Costa Rica. ) Chlorospingus olivaceiceps (p. 166) bb. Throat dull yellow; chest light grayish brown or drab. (Veragua. ) Chlorospingus hypopheus (p. 167) CHLOROSPINGUS OLIV/.CEUS (Bonaparte). OLIVACEUS CHLOROSPINGUS. Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum and hindneck slate-gray, becoming blackish laterally, producing two rather broad but indistinct stripes; lores rather lighter gray; orbital region dusky, passing into dull grayish on auricular region; postauricular region (sides of neck) pale gray; a postocular (supra-auricular) spot of white, involving posterior half of upper eyelid; rest of upper parts plain, slightly brownish, olive-green; malar region, chin, and throat grayish white, sometimes slightly flecked with grayish; chest, sides, and flanks and under tail- coverts pale yellowish olive or olive-yellowish; breast and abdomen grayish white; bill black, the mandible sometimes more brownish; legs and feet light horn color (in dried skins). Young.—Gray of head much tinged with olive-green, the white postocular spot tinged with yellow; olive-green of back, ete., browner; grayish white of throat and abdomen tinged with olive- yellow; otherwise like adults. ! Adult male.—Length (skin), 135.9; wing, 71.1-72.6 (71.9); tail, 58.9-59.4 (59.2); exposed culmen, 10.2-10.4; depth of bill at base, 5.3-6.4 (5.8); tarsus, 21.3; middle toe, 11.9-12.9.? Adult female.—Length (skin), 134.6; wing, 66.3; tail, 60.2; exposed culmen, 9.7; tarsus, 21.1; middle toe, 10.9. (One specimen, from Tumbala, Chiapas. ) Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, San Gerénimo, Kamkhal, ete.), and Chiapas (Tumbala). Poospiza olivacea Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, July 15, 1850, 473 (‘‘ Brazil;’”’ coll. Paris Mus.). Chlorospingus olivaceus SCLATER, Tanagr. Cat. Specif., 1854, 6; Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 90 (‘‘Central America’’); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 28.—Sat- vIN and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 315 (Coban, Kamkhal, and San Geronimo, Guatemala).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 240.—NeEtson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157 (Tumbala, Chiapas) . Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (not Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus) Satvin and SciaTER, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala).—Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 88, part (Coban). 'The specimen described is beginning to assume the adult plumage and therefore imperfectly represents the nestling plumage. * Two specimens, from Tumbala, Chiapas; none of the Guatemalan specimens are sexed. 160 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ Chlorospingus] ophthalmicus Scuater and Sautvix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 24, part (Guatemala). “~ Chlorospingus opthalmicus Boucarn, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 3: CHLOROSPINGUS POSTOCULARIS Cabanis. DUSKY-HEADED CHLOROSPINGUS. Similar to C. odévaceus, but pileum much darker gray, the forehead and crown approaching sooty black. Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum dusky gray or dull slate-blackish, fading into dusky slate on hindneck, this into slate-gray on sides of neck; suborbital region and auricular region similar in color to pileum, the lores rather grayer; a short white postocular streak, involving posterior half of upper eyelid and extending to about middle of auricular region; malar region, chin, and throat grayish white, sparsely and indistinctly flecked with dusky; chest, sides, flanks, and under tail- coverts light yellowish olive or olive-yellow; bill black; legs and feet horn color in dried skins, Adult male.—Length (skins), 130.8-141 (135.9); wing, 68.8—73.7 (71.1); tail, 56-9-63.5 (60.2); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.4); depth of bill at base, 5.8; tarsus, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 12.7—13.’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 142.2; wing, 67.8; tail, 60.2; exposed culmen, 10.7; depth of bill at base, 6.4; tarsus, 22.6; middle toe, 13. (One specimen, from Pinabete, Chiapas.) Highlands of Guatemala (Duenas, Volcan de Agua, Volcan de Fuego, etc.) and Chiapas (Pinabete, Chicharras, etc.). . Chlorospingus postocularis CABANts, Journ. fiir Orn., xiv, May, 1866, 163 (Guate- mala; coll. Berlin Mus.).—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 314 (Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala, 3,000-8,000 ft.).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 240 (Duefias, Volean de Fuego, and Volcan de Agua, Guatemala).—Nertson, Auk, xv, 1898, 157 (Pinabete, Chiapas; crit. ). Chlorospingus atriceps Newtson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 65 (Pinabete, Chiapas, s. e. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS (Du Bus). BROWN-HEADED CHLOROSPINGUS, Similar to €. postocularis, but pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck grayish brown instead of gray, anterior portion of forehead and lores distinctly whitish, and white postocular spot rather larger. . Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum, hindneck, and sides of head and neck (except malar region) plain grayish brown (deep hair brown), darker on suborbital region and posterior part of loral region, paler on sides of neck; anterior portion of lores grayish white, this sometimes extending across anterior portion of forehead; a large white postocular spot, involving nearly whole of upper eyelid and posterior portion of lower eyelid, and extending backward nearly to end of auricular 'Two specimens, from Pinabete, Chiapas. I have not seen a Guatemalan specimen. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 161 region; rest of upper parts clear olive-green; malar region, chin, thro at, and upper chest dull white, the first usually more or less tinged with pale brownish buffy, the last sometimes shaded with pale grayish brown, the middle throat usually minutely though sparsely and faintly flecked with dusky, most distinct laterally, beneath lower margin of malar region; lower chest, sides, flanks, and under tail- coverts light yellowish olive-green; breast and abdomen grayish white or very pale gray; bill brownish black, the mandible sometimes more brownish basally; legs and feet horn color (in dried skin). Young.—Similar to the young of (. olivaceus' but clearer (less brownish) olive-green above, with pileum lighter and more olivaceous; anterior portion of lores grayish white, tinged with olive-yellowish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 129.5-135.9 (131.8); wing, 66.5-73.4 (70.9); tail, 56.6-61 (58.9); exposed culmen, ee (10.9); depth of bill at base, 5.6-5.8 (5.6); tarsus, 20.3-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 12.4-13.2 (12.7).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 121.9-135.9 (128); wing, 65.5-68.1 (66.3); tail, 55.1-58.4 (56.1); exposed culmen, 10.7—10.9 (10.7); depth of bill at Noses 5.3-5.8 (5.6); tarsus, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); middle toe, 11.9- 12.7 (12.4).? Southeastern Mexico, in States of Puebla (Huachinango), Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Mirador; Orizaba; Jico), and Oaxaca (Mount Zempoal- tepec). Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Brux., xiv, pt. 2, 1847, 106 (Mex- ico; coll. Brussels Mus.).—Larresnayr, Rey. mad 1848, 247 (Mexico; quotes Du Bus’s descr. ). A[rremon] ophthalmicus Gray, Gen. Birds, ili, 1849, App., p. 16. [ Pipilopsis] ophthalmicus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Avy., 1, 1850, 485, part. Chlorospingus ophthalmicus ScuatEr, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 89, part (monogr. ), 302 (Jalapa and Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa), 377 (Totontepec, Oaxaca); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 27; Cat. Am. oan 1862, 88, part (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 238 (Orizaba; Jalapa; Valley of Mexico).—Caxsants, Journ. fiir oan , 1866, 162 (Mexico).—Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 549, 7 a (hot and temperate regions of Vera Cruz, 2,000-3,700 ft.).—Satvin, Cat, Strick- land Coll., 1882, 196 (San Pedro, ‘‘ Mexico’’).—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 314.—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 27 (Jalapa). [ Chlorospingus] ophthalmicus ScuarprR and Sauvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 24, part (Mexico). Ch{lorospingus] leucophrys CABANIs, Mus. Hein., i, May, 1851, 139 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; coll. Berlin Mus.; ex Tanagra leucophrys Lichtenstein, manuscript). | Pipilopsis] albitemporalis (not Tachyphonus albitempora Latresnaye) BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 485, part. Chlorospingus albitemporalis ScLaTER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 89, part (Mexico). Chlorospingus olivaceus (not Poospiza olivacea Bonaparte) Frrrari-PEREz, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 140 LAr Vera Cruz). : The young of C. albitempora not seen = me. A mniye specimens. 38654—VvoL 2—-01——l11 162 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CHLOROSPINGUS SUMICHRASTI Ridgway. SUMICHRAST’S CHLOROSPINGUS. Similar to (. ophthalmicus, but much browner above (the pileum even slightly browner than in (C. a/bitemporalis); throat distinetly flecked with dusky; yellowish olive-green of chest, etc., paler and duller; upper chest pale buffy grayish brown. Adult male.—Pileum and hindneck plain sepia brown, the sides of neck paler, more hair brown; posterior portion of lores and sub- orbital region very dark sooty brown, passing into deep sepia brown on auricular region; a large, white, elongated postocular spot, involy- ing whole of upper and posterior half of lower eyelid; anterior por- tion of lores dull white, continued narrowly and brokenly across anterior portion of forehead; rest of upper parts plain greenish olive (much browner than in C. ophthalmicus); malar region, chin, and throat dull white, the first and last tinged with pale brownish buffy posteriorly, the buffy tint of lower throat passing into a pale buffy grayish brown tint on upper chest; middle and lower throat distinctly flecked with dusky, the flecks largest and most numerous laterally,. below lower margin of malar region; chest, sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts light yellowish olive, the first paler and tinged with pale buffy brownish; breast and abdomen very pale gray, almost white on center of abdomen; bill blackish; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 133.4; wing, 66.5; tail, 56.4; depth of bill at base, 5.3;1 tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 11.7.” State of Vera Cruz, southeastern Mexico (Mount Azul, near Orizaba). Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (not Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus) SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 549, part (temperate reg. Vera Cruz, part). Chlorospingus sumichrasti Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sei., i, Apr. 15, 1901, 150 (Mount Azul, near Orizaba, Vera Cruz; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). CHLOROSPINGUS ALBIFRONS Salvin and Godman. WHITE-FRONTED CHLOROSPINGUS, Most like ©. swmichrasti, but postocular white spot smaller and pointed, instead of broad and rounded, posteriorly; malar region, chin, and throat buff instead of white; chest buffy yellow; pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck much lighter brown, and back, ete., much clearer (less brownish) olive-green. Adult female.—Pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck plain broccoli brown, deeper on forehead and crown, paler on neck; anterior portion 'Tip of maxilla broken off. One specimen, the type; No. 37511, U. S. Nat. Mus., Mount Azul, near Orizaba, Vera Cruz, October, 1864; Prof. F. Sumichrast. x BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 163 of lores (meeting narrowly across anterior part of forehead), upper eyelid and angular postocular spot (the two connected) white, the last with posterior extremity pointed; posterior portion of lores and sub- orbital region dark brown or blackish brown, passing gradually into broccoli brown on posterior portion of auricular region; rest of upper parts clear bright olive-green; malar region, chin, and throat buff, the posterior portion of the first streaked with blackish brown; chest dull yellow, strongly tinged with buff laterally and anteriorly; sides and flanks yellowish olive-green, the under tail-coverts similar but paler and more yellowish; breast (medially) and abdomen pale gray; bill black, the mandible pale brownish (in dried skin) at gonydeal angle; legs and feet dusky horn-color (in dried skin); length (skin), 146.1; wing, 68.3; tail, 60.7; exposed culmen, 9.9; depth of bill at base, 6.1; tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 12.4.! Southwestern Mexico, in State of Guerrero (Omilteme, Sierra Madre del Sur, altitude 8,000 feet; mountains near Chilpancingo). Chlorospingus albifrons SaAuvix and GopMAN, Ibis, 6th ser., 1, Apr., 1889, 237 (Omilteme, ‘‘in Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico,’ alt. 8,000 ft.; coll. Salvin and Godman). CHLOROSPINGUS ALBITEMPORA (Lafresnaye). CARMIOL’S CHLOROSPINGUS, Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum, bindneck, and sides of head and neck (except malar region) plain sepia brown, varying to grayish brown or dark sooty brown, paler on the neck, sometimes considerably darker immediately beneath eyes; a postocular spot of white, involving about the posterior half of upper eyelid, and terminating posteriorly about halfway between posterior angle of eye and extremity of auricular region or nearer to the former than to the latter; rest of upper parts plain olive-green; malar region pale brown or brownish buffy, flecked with sepia brown; chin and throat dull buffy white or brownish white, the middle throat more or less flecked with sepia; chest, sides, flanks, -and under tail-coverts bright olive-yellow (sometimes tinged with orange-bufly on upper chest), the sides and flanks rather more yellow- ish olive-green; breast and abdomen white; under wing-coverts and axillars white tinged with light yellow; bill brownish black, the mandi- ble usually somewhat more brownish; iris brown,” legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Adult male.—Lenegth (skins), 132.1-139.7 (186.4); wing, 67.3-71.1 (69.3); tail, 56.4-60.5 (58.4); ee oe 10.4-12.2 (11.2); depth 'No. 143615, U. S. Nae Mis: (No. 2454, U.S . Biol. Sury.), Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Lecember 24, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. The adult male no doubt quite similar in plumage, but probably slightly larger. *Carmiol, manuscript. 164 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of bill at base, 6.4-6.6; tarsus, 21.6-22.4 (22.1); middle toe, 12.7-13.7 (13.2)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 132.1—-134.6 (183.4); wing, 64.3-64.8 (64.5); tail, 52.1-57.2 (54.6); exposed culmen, 10.9-12.2 (11.4); depth of bill at base, 6.1-6.4; tarsus, 22.4-22.6; middle toe, 12.4-12.7.° Costa Rica (Navarro; Dota; Barranca; San José; Turrialba; San Mateo; Volean de Cartago; Volean de Irazti; Rio Sucio*) and Chiriqui (Boquete; Volcan de Chiriqui); said also to inhabit Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Tachyphonus albitempora LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., Jan., 1848, 12 (Colombia; coll. Lafresnaye) .° TLachyphonus] albitempora Gray, Gen. Birds, ili, 1849, App., p. 17.—BoNnapartE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 237. Chlorospingus albitempora SALvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 196 (Brazil ?).— ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, Mar., 1889, 82 (Bolivia). Chlorospingus albitemporalis Scua be ee . Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 155 ( Bogota, Colombia) ; 1856, 89, part (monogr.; Bogota; Bolivia); 1858, 293 (e. Peru or Bolivia; crit.); Synop. Av. Tanagr., 1856, 28; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 89, part (Chillanes, Ecuador; Bolivia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 239, part (Volean de Cartago and Irazii distr., Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui; Tilotilo, prov. Yungas, Sorato, and Nairapi, Bolivia).—Cassry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 171 (San José, Costa Rica).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 101 (San José, Turrialba, Barranca, Dota, and San Mateo, Costa Rica).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 188 (Volcan de Chiriqui).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 327 (Colombia).—Sc.iarer and Savin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 627, 630 (Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; crit.); 1879, 602 (Bolivia).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 55 (La ' Four specimens; three from Costa Ric a, one from C cece ? Two specimens, from Costa Rica. *Two specimens in the National Museum collection from Rio Sucio are different from any specimens from other Costa Rican localities with which I have been able to compare them (eleven in number) in their richer coloration, the upper parts being a deeper and more brownish olive-green, and the yellowish olive-green or olive- yellow color of ‘the chest, sides, and flanks more saturated; neither are sexed; both have the tarsus longer than other specimens (22.9-23.4), while one of them (probably a male) has the wing 73.2, which also slightly exceeds the same measurement of any other specimen in the series examined. A series of twenty-three adults from Chiriqui (Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui), kindly submitted to me for examination by Mr. Outram Bangs, shows that specimens from that district are more brightly colored than those from Costa Rica, the yellow of the chest, especially, being much clearer and, in many specimens, of a slightly orange hue next to the dull whitish or buffy color of the throat. The series exhibits great variation in the color of the pileam, some examples haying the head colored exactly as in C. punctulatus, except that the sooty blackish color does not extend over the malar region, and the throat is not yellow. Possible intergradation (or hybrid- ism ?) between C. albitempora and C. punctulatus is indicated by this series. *] have not seen a specimen from any South American locality, and strongly doubt — the subspecific identity of the Costa Rican and South American birds. Doubtless when a sufficient series has been examined several subspecific forms may be sus- ceptible of definition. ° Type now in collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. cele hie, Bithe el BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 165 Laguna, Naranjo, and Navarro, Costa Rica).—Sarvix and Gopman, Biol. Gentr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 315.—BrrLEpscH, Journ. fur. Orn., 1884, 293 (Bucaramanga, Colombia; crit.)—Taczanowskr, Orn. du Pérou, i, 1885, 513.—ZELEDoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (La Palma de San José and Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica).—Sarvaport, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xii, 1897, 6 (San Lorenzo, Argentina). [ Chlorospingus] albitemporalis ScuavER and Sarvixn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 24, part. Ch{lorospingus| ophthalmicus (not Arremon ophthalmicus Du Bus) CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 139, footnote (Colombia). Pi pilopeis| Stns Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 485, part (Colombia). CHLOROSPINGUS PILEATUS Salvin. SOOTY-CAPPED CHLOROSPINGUS. Adults (seres alike).—Pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, auricular region, suborbital region, and lores dark sooty slate-color or very dark sooty brown; a conspicuous broad white stripe beginning above eye (but separated from it by a narrow space of dusky) and oxtending backward to sides of hindneck; rest of upper parts plain olive- green; malar region, chin, and throat white, or grayish white, the lower margin of the former marked with a dusky streak, the adjacent portion of the throat faintly flecked with dusky; rest of under parts light yellowish olive-green or olive-yellowish, the median portion of breast and abdomen grayish white; bill black; legs and feet horn color (in dried skin). Adult male.—Length (skins), 133-143 (138); wing, 67-72 (69.6); tail, 58-63.5 (61.1); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.9); cee - be at base, 6-6.5 (6.2); tarsus, 22-93.5 (22.7); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.3).’ Adult female.—Lenegth (skins), 130-189 (135); wine, oe (67.4); tail, 56-64 (59.7); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.8); depth of bill at base, 6.5; tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.5); middle toe, 12-13 (12.7).” Young.—Head as in adults, but the dusky color duller and the white stripe on sides of occiput and nape less purely white and less sharply defined; back, ete., much duller and grayer olive-green; under parts mostly pale grayish, the sides and flanks slightly tinged with light olive-green, the chest very faintly tinged with pale buffy olive and obsoletely streaked laterally with grayish; throat, cte., as in adults, but more grayish; mandible wholly light colored (buffy whitish in dried skins), and maxilla with pale edge, except toward end. Highlands of Costa Rica (Volean de Cartago; Volcan de Tvazt; Volean de Pots; Rancho Redondo; Pirris), and Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete). Chlorospingus pileatus Satvix, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 581 (Volcan de Car- tago, Costa Rica; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 101 (Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica).—Satyin and GopMan, Biol. 1Seven specimens (five from Chiriqui, two from Costa Rica). ? Five specimens from Chiriqui. 166 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 316, pl. 22, fig. 2 (Irazii, Pods, and Rancho Re- dondo, Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui).—Ripa@way, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 412 (Pirris, Costa Rica; descr. young, etc.).—ScLarEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 241.—Zr.epon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica).—CuHeErRrikz, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 531 (Volcan de Irazti and Volcan de Pots, Costa Rica; deser. young). [ Chlorospingus] pileatus SCLATER and Satyix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 24. CHLOROSPINGUS PUNCTULATUS Sclater and Salvin. YELLOW-BREASTED CHLOROSPINGUS. Adults (sexes alike).—Head, except throat, very dark sooty brown, inclining to brownish black on pileum, the hindneck and sides of neck similar but paler and tinged with brownish olive; an elongated white postocular spot, involving posterior half or less of upper eyelid; rest of upper parts yellowish olive-green; chin and throat yellow (the former much paler and duller), thickly flecked with blackish brown or dusky; abdomen white or dull yellowish white; rest of under parts grading from bright wax yellow or dull saffron yellow on upper chest to lighter and clearer yellow on lower chest, and into yellowish olive- green or deep olive-yellow on sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts; maxilla black, mandible more brownish; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Adult (male?).—Wing, 64; tail, 54.1; exposed culmen, 12.7; depth of bill at base, 6.9; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 13.5." Adult female. —W ing, 63.5; tail, 53.3; exposed culmen, 12.2; tarsus, 22.4; middle toe, 12.7.” . Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu) and Panama (Cascajal). Chlorospingus punctulatus SCLATER and Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, 440 (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Sarvin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 188 (Cordillera del- Chucu).—Satyvi~ and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 316, pl. 22, fig. 1.—Scuarsr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 241. [ Chlorospingus] punctulatus SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 24. CHLOROSPINGUS OLIVACEICEPS Underwood. OLIVE-CROWNED CHLOROSPINGUS. Similar to (. canigularis Lafresnaye,* but distinguished by coe the pileum olivaceous, concolor with the back. To al length 127, culmen 11.4, wing 66, tail 52.1, tarsus 19.1. (Translation of oa a description.) Eastern Costa Rica (Carrillo, near Volean de Irazt). Chlorospingus olivaceiceps UNDERWooD, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. ly., June 30, 1898, oe lix (Carrillo, Costa Rica; type ay) ' One specimen, cere Casc A province Coclé, Panama; not sexed, but probably a male. * One specimen, from Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua. $ Tachyphonus canigularis Lafresnaye, Rey. Zool., xi, 1848, 11.—Chlorospingus cani- gularis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 130; Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 242. o> “I BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 1 CHLOROSPINGUS HY?POPHEUS Sclater and Salvin DRAB-BREAS''ED CHLOROSPINGUS, Adults (sexes alike).—Ahbove, including pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, and auricular region, plain olive-green; lores, suborbital region, and malar region pale gray; chin very pale grayish buffy; throat, dull yellow (light ocher yellow or wax yellow): chest, sides, and flanks pale grayish brown, the first tinged with buffy; under tail-coverts light olive, margined with paler and slightly tinged with pale yellowish; rest of under parts pale gray, becoming white on lower abdomen and anal region; maxilla dusky, mandible pale horn color (in dried skins) with tip more dusky; legs and feet light horn color (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 130-133 (131); wing, 74.4-80 (77.1); tail, 50-55.4 (53.1); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.6) depth of bill at base, 7-7.1; tarsus, 21—-229.9 (21.6); middle toe, 13-15 (14)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 136-141 (138); wing, 78.5-81.5 (80); tail, 55-59 (57); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); depth of bill at base, 7-7.1; tarsus, 21-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 13-15 (14).’ Veragua (Calovevora; Chitra; Boquete de Chitra). Chlorospingus hypopheus ScuaTeR and Sauyiy, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 389 (Calovevora, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 188 (Calovevora, Chitra, and Boquete de Chitra, Veragua).— Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1888, 317, pl. 22, fig. 3.— Sciaver, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 2453. [Chlorospingus] hypopheus Scuarer and Sarvrix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 24. Genus MITROSPINGUS Ridgway. Mitrospingus Ripaway, Auk, xv, no. 3, July, 1898, 225. (Type, Tachyphonus cassind Lawrence. ) Nearest to Lucometis, but bill much longer (nearly as long as head), nostril very different, wing more rounded, tarsi relatively longer, claws stronger, occipital feathers very short (instead of the reverse), and style of coloration very different. | Exposed culmen three-fourths as long as tarsus, or more, gently convex except terminally, where strongly decurved; gonys decidedly shorter than length of maxilla from nostril, nearly straight; maxillary tominm slightly concave, decidedly but gradually deflected basally; slightly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium nearly straight to near base where gently deflected; depth of bill at base decidedly less than half the length of exposed culmen, not much greater than basal width. Nostril exposed, narrow, longitudinal, with very broad supe- rior membrane. Rictal bristles not obvious. Wing moderate (about 'Four specimens, two from Chiriqui, two from Veragua; one of the latter not sexed, but, being the larger of the two, doubtless a male. *Two specimens, from Volcan de Chiriqui (Caribbean slope). 168 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. three and one-third times as long as tarsus), much rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than second aries); primaries exceeding secondaries by a little more than half the length of exposed culmen. Tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices moder- ately broad, with rather pointed tips. Tarsus a little longer than middle toe with claw; lateral claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hind claw shorter than its digit. Occipital feathers very short. Coloration.— Above plain dark grayish brown, beneath, together with a shield-shaped patch covering crown and occiput, yellowish olive; rest of head black, paling into grayish on throat. Range.—Costa Rica to western Ecuador. (Monotypic.) MITROSPINGUS CASSINI (Lawrence). CASSIN’S TANAGER, Adults (sexes alike).—Occiput and median part of crown yellowish olive-green, forming a triangular patch (with apex on anterior portion ot crown); forehead, lores, superciliary region, auricular region, part of malar region, and chin grayish black; throat gray, sometimes tinged with brownish; hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts and lesser wing-coverts deep grayish olive, the hindneck more grayish, the back and upper tail-coverts slightly tinged with olive-green; wings and tail similar but slightly more brownish; under parts of body bright yellowish olive-green, brightest or most yellowish on chest, duller and more olive on sides and flanks; under tail-coverts russet- olive, more or less tinged with tawny; under wing-coverts and axillars light brownish gray; maxilla brownish black or blackish brown with paler tomium; mandible wholly light colored; iris brown;' legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Young.—Much duller in color than the adult, with none of the yel- lowish olive-green on top of the head, which is the same color as the back, with a very faint tinge of olive on the occiput; breast and sides merely tinged with olive-green, the middle line of the breast and belly being dull brownish buff, the under tail-coverts browner; forehead and lores less black than in the adult. Otherwise the general colora- tion is similar to that of the adult. Adult male.—Length (skins), 167.6-172.7 (170.9); wing, 82—-85.1 (83.8); tail, 71.6—74.4 (73.4); exposed culmen, 17—18.5 (17.8); depth of bill at base, 8.1-8.6 (8.4); tarsus, 24.4-25.1 (24.9); middle toe, 16.5- 17.3) (16-8).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 162.6-172.7 (169.2); wing, 85.6-88.9 (86.9); tail, 75.2-78.2 (76.5); exposed culmen, 18—18.3; depth of bill 'Heyde, manuscript. * Three specimens, all from Isthmus of Panama. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 169 at aa 7.9-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 23.6-27.2 (25.1); middle toe, 16-17.5 (16.5) Costa Rica (Angostura; Jiménez) and southward through western Colombia to western Ecuador (Guayaquil). Tachyphonus, sp., Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1860, 142 ‘Rio Truando, n. Colombia). Tachyphonus cassiniti LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence); ix, 1868, 101 (Angostura, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 299 (Costa Rica). Eucometis cassinii ScLATER and Satvry, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 351, pl. 30 (Lion Hill).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 139 (Santiago, Veragua). Mucometis cassini SCLATER and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 503 (Neche, prov. Antioquia, Colombia).—Satvix and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 307.—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 219.—ZELEDon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 110 (Costa Rica).—Ripe@way, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 473 (Jiménez, Costa Rica; descr. young). [ Eucometis] cassini SCLATER and Satyiyn, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1878, 23. Mitrospingus cassini BAnes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 29 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). Family ICTERID. THE TROUPIALS.? Nine-primaried, conirostral, acutiplantar Oscines without obvious rictal bristles. * Bill very variable as to relative length and thickness, but never con- spicuously longer than the head and always more or less conical and acute; usually with nearly straight outlines, but sometimes with the tip rather strongly, but never (except in some Qu/scal7) abruptly, decurved; its depth at base never equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, and the gonys always more or less shorter than the same measurement; culmen usually more or less elevated basally, some- times expanded or SW mee into a cone > frontal shield” 1Three specimens, all from Tena of Panama. An nie ane from Cane aquil is smaller than any of the Panama specimens, measuring as follows: Wing, 83.6; tail, 71.9; exposed culmen, 17.3; depth of bill at base, 8.1; tarsus, 26.2; middle toe, 16.8. I can detect no differences in coloration. *A satisfactory vernacular name forthis family has hitherto been wanting. The group has been known by the name of Hang-nests, but only species of certain genera build pensile nests; as the American Orioles or American Starlings, on account of super- ficial resemblance of only a very small percentage of its members to the Old World Orioles (Oriolide) and Starlings (Sturnidee). Other names which have been used, either for the group as‘a whole or for particular genera, as Grackle, Crow Blackbird, ete., are equally nondistinctive or of limited pertinence. The name Troupial, which is here adopted, has more general applicability than any other term, with possibly the exception of Cacique, but it seems best to restrict the latter to the group to which it specially belongs. *These are faintly developed, howeyer, in the oropendolas and caciques (genera Ocyalus, Clypicterus, Zarhynchus, Gymnostinops, Cacicus, ete. ). 170 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. “~ ‘Scasque,” or if not so developed the mesorhinium often distinctly flat- tened, with its edges sharply defined. Commissure strongly and usually abruptly deflexed for the basal portion, the maxillary tomium never notched near tip. Nostrils never concealed, though sometimes (as in the genus J/olothrus) the feathering of the loral antiz extends beneath them and covers the membrane immediately behind them; sometimes (in the oropendolas and caciques) bored directly into the horny rhino- theca, but usually situated in a more or less well-defined nasal fossa and overhung by a more or less distinct (sometimes prominent and corneous) membrane or operculum. Rictal bristles altogether obso- lete or (in oropendolas and caciques) very faintly developed. Wing very variable; usually with the tip moderately produced and subtruncate, in one genus (Cass/dixv) long (several times exceeding length of cul- men) and the outermost (ninth) primary Jongest—in another (Ambly- cercus) the longest primaries scarcely extending beyond the secondaries and the outermost (ninth) primary shorter than the innermost (first); tertials produced beyond secondaries only in some terrestrial genera (Sturnella, Trupialis, Leistes, and Dolichonyx); outer webs of two to five (eighth to seventh or fourth) primaries sinuated; inner webs very variable, often not obviously sinuated, usually slightly so, sometimes (in Floloquiscalus and Callothrus) the middle portion expanded (toothed in Callothrus); \onger primaries sometimes (as in Zarhynchus) attenuated terminally. ail variable as to relative length, form of tip, and shape of rectrices; always more than half as long as wing, never conspicu- ously longer than wing, never forked nor emarginate, usually more or less rounded, sometimes double-rounded, occasionally (in Quéscalz) graduated and plicate;’ usually the rectrices (always twelve in num- ber) are of nearly equal width throughout, but sometimes (in Qudéscali and Agela‘’) are wider terminally or (in some of the Cacic/, and in Sturnella) narrower terminally; in one genus (Dolichonyx) they are abrubtly acuminate and rigid at tips, another genus (Le7stes) show- ing a slight approach to this character. Acrotarsium always dis- tinctly scutellate, the divisions six to eight in number (the uppermost usually short and frequently hidden by overlapping feathers of. the tibia); length of middle toe and claw usually about equal to or slightly shorter than the tarsus, never much longer nor conspicuously shorter; claws of lateral toes usually reaching about to base of middle claw, sometimes slightly beyond, in one genus (anthocephalus) considera- bly beyond, sometimes (in Sturnella, Trupialis, Leistes, Xanthopsar and most of the QYu/sca/7) falling decidedly short; hallux not longer than lateral toes (except in Sturnel/a), usually a little shorter, frequently 'This form of the tail in the Quiscali is, so far as known, unique among birds; the two halves of the tail are, at the bird’s control, capable of being folded together so that the edges are raised above the median line and brought more or less closely together, a transverse section being V-shaped. | pe et eh eres Ae BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. a lerel decidedly so; equal to or slightly exceeding in length the combined length of basal and middle phalanges of middie toe. The absence of obvious rictal bristles is the only external character that I am able to discover which will serve to distinguish the Icterida, asa group, from the Fringillide. It is true that none of the Icteride have the bill notched (i. e., the maxillary tomium notched subtermi- nally), but neither do many genera of Fringillide. With the latter croup the Icteride agree in the following characters: (1) The strongly deflexed or angulated rictal portion of the com- missure (not always found in Fringillide, however). (2) The abortion of the first primary. (3) The complete, or nearly complete, separation of the basal pha- lanx of the middle toe from that of the inner toe (being united to the outer toe by about half the length of the basal phalanx, as in Coryidee and other groups). (4) In having the planta tarsi closely joined along their anterior edge to the acrotarsium, and with only the extreme lower portion divided. In both groups the inner plate of the planta tarsi is depressed con- spicuously below the level of the acrotarsium, the posterior margin of which stands out as a prominent ridge (more conspicuously so than in most Corvide), and those of opposite sides are in close contact along. their posterior margin, forming a sharp posterior edge to the tarsus. In both groups the proportionate length of the toes themselves and the relative development and curvature of the claws varies considerably and to about the same extent. From the Sturnide and the Ploceidee, which are undoubtedly, next to the Fringillidie, the most nearly allied groups, the Icteridee may be distinguished by the complete abortion of the first primary, both of those groups being ** ten-primaried.” From the Corvide, the Icteride may be distinguished by more numerous characters, among which may be mentioned (1) the posses- sion of only nine obvious primaries; (2) the absence of obvious rictal bristles, and (3) the undivided lower portion of the planta tarsi. Although so nearly allied to the Fringillide that only a single exter- nal character seems available for its diagnosis, the Icteride neverthe- less constitute a well-circumscribed group, there being not a single genus whose proper reference to it can be seriously questioned. At the same time it is a group presenting most extreme types of teleological development or adaptive modification, the strictly arboreal oropendolas and caciques (genera Gymnostinops, Zarhynchus, Clypicterus, Cacicus, etc.) representing one extreme and the terrestrial meadowlarks (Sturnella, Trupialis, and Le/stes) the other, peculiar specializations being manifested in the boat-tailed Q@u/scal7 and spiny-tailed Dod/- chonyx. With its limited representation in North America it would Le BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. not be difficult to divide the group into several sharply circumscribed and easily characterized lesser groups; this has been attempted for the family as a whole, and the ‘‘subfamilies” Cassicine, Ageleine, Sturnelline, Icterine, and Quiscaline have long been adopted, even by the latest authority." A careful comparison of all the forms, however, will soon convince one that such a subdivision can not be maintained, the different supposed groups running into one another so gradually that any subdivision of the family is most likely to be more or less arbitrary. So far as lam able to discover, only two genera stand out prominently from all the rest, these being Sturnella and Dolichonyx; yet each of these is obviously related to other genera—Sturnella to Trupialis, and this, through Leistes, obviously leading to the Agelaiine type, the latter through /cterus to Cacicus, and this in turn to the opposite extreme from Sturnel/a, the larger caciques or oropendolas (Gymnostinops, Zarhynchus, ete.). The two *‘ lateral offshoots” repre- sented by Dolichonyx and the typical Quzscalé (genera Quiscalus, Holoquiscalus, and Megaquiscalus) ave both obviously connected with the more generalized types, though Dol/chonyx evidently shows points of relationship to the Sturnelline end of the series. The following arrangement of the genera is far from satisfactory to the author, but is the best he has been able to make without a far greater amount of time than is at his disposal, together with a careful study of internal characters, not now practicable on account of absence of the necessary material. While not entirely natural, the key has been prepared to show as nearly as can be in a linear arrangement, what appears to be the most natural sequence of the genera, without obscuring the characters which serve to most readily identify them. The Icteridee comprise birds of most various habits. Some are strictly arboreal, and if placed upon the ground are almost incapable of progression; others are terrestrial (though more or less frequently alighting on trees and sometimes nesting there), and walk upon the ground with the grace and dignity of a crow or starling; many inhabit reedy marshes, and these usually nest in large colonies. The oropendolas (genera Ocyalus, Clypicterus, Zarhynchus, Gymnostinops, and Osti- nops) and caciques (genera Cacécus and Cassiculus”) also nest in colonies, but instead of building an open cup-shaped nest attached to the upright stems of aquatic plants, attach their long pensile nests to the extremi- ties of branches of tall forest trees. The ** American Orioles” (genus [cterus) also build pensile nests, but, usually at least, are not gregarious. Many species are remarkable either for the fullness and richness or other remarkable character of their notes, some of them being song- sters of high merit, while others utter only the most harsh and dis- cordant sounds. Some genera (Molothrus, Callothrus, and Cassidia) 'p. L. Selater in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, pp. 308-405. * The nesting habits of Amblycercus are apparently unknown. nlm tascam te al Nae lt RD at jd: BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. alte are parasitic, like the European cuckoo, always laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. The plumage varies from uniform black (sometimes with brilliant metallic gloss) or somber brown to the most showy combinations of yellow, orange, or scarlet, and black. The group is peculiar to America and is essentially Neotropical. Nearly one hundred and fifty species are known, belonging to more than thirty genera, of which by far the larger number are represented only in South America. KEY TO THE GENERA OF ICTERID#®. a. Three to five primaries (the eighth to sixth or fourth inclusive) with outer webs sinuated; rectrices not acuminate; wing-tip less than twice as long as culmen (or else mesorhinium very broad, one-fourth as wide as length of culmen); middle toe with claw little if any longer than tarsus (or else tarsi very stout and plumage entirely black), usually shorter; middle toe with claw shorter than its terminal phalanx; hallux with its claw shorter than the digit. b. Nostrils without superior membrane or operculum, or if with the latter the operculum completely coalesced with the mesorhinium. c. Nostrils bored directly into the rhinotheca, the nasal fossze completely oblit- erated; neck without ruff. (Cacici.) d. Middle pair of rectrices decidedly shorter than the next pair and different in color from outer rectrices; rump neither scarlet, orange-red, nor yellow, and if black the tail partly yellow; nostrils much below lateral median line of maxilla. (‘‘ Oropendolas.”’ ) e. Frontal shield very broad, its width decidedly greater than distance from AO Hull OHA Oise pally age ee eS eee Zarhynchus (p. 175) ce. Frontal shield narrow, its width decidedly less than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. jf. Cheeks and sides of throat naked; wing-tip short, less than length of cGulmen: == 32352 Beal opr ye eae ee ne SRE oe ok Gymnostinops (p. 178) if. Whole head normally feathered; wing-tip long, much exceeding length Gineulmeny sees tye ee ec eR ee Coe Ostinops (p. 183) dd. Middle pair of rectrices not shorter than next pair, or else the tail uni- colored (black); rump scarlet, orange-red, or yellow, or else whole plumage black; nostrils not conspicuously below lateral median line of maxilla. (‘‘ Caciques.”’ ) ¢. Particolored (black, with patches of scarlet, orange-red, or yellow); wing more pointed, the outermost (ninth) primary not shorter than inner- most (first )—usually much longer. f. Not conspicuously, if at all, crested; ninth primary shorter than fifth. Cacicus (p. 186) Jf. Conspicuously crested; ninth primary longer than fifth ........22..-- Cassiculus (p. 190) ee. Unicolored (black); wing more rounded, the ninth primary shorter UNUM iis Poe Sie oR er ey Me ye a Lt eee a Amblycercus (p. 192) cc. Nostrils in anterior end of well-defined nasal fossxe, but the latter otherwise completely filled by feathering of the loral antize; neck ruffed. ( Cassidices. ) Cassidix (p. 196) bb. Nostrils with more or less distinct superior operculum or membrane. e. Hallux not longer than lateral anterior toes; middle phalanx of middle toe shorter than terminal phalanx; outer toe (without claw) reaching to or beyond second (subterminal) joint of middle toe. 174. ‘BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. d. Longest tertials not produced beyond secondaries; outer toe (without claw) reaching beyond subterminal joint of middle toe. e. Nostril small, roundish, much encroached upon beneath by feathering of the loral antize; parasitic. (Molothri. ) f. Neck ruffed laterally and behind (as in Cassidia); inner webs of three outer primaries abruptly emarginated and angularly toothed; plumage of neck, breast, etc., peculiar (hair-like) -.--..--- Callothrus (p. 200) J. Neck not ruffed; inner webs of primaries only slightly sinuated; plumage of neck, breast, etc., normal (blended) --..-.-- .---Molothrus (p. 205) ee. Nostril larger, narrower, more or less linear, oblong, or subcuneate, well forward of the loral antize; nonparasitic. f. Culmen more or less strongly and abruptly decurved terminally, or else (1) bill stout and obtuse and ninth primary shorter than second, or (2) culmen less than one-fifth as long as tail, the latter longer than wing and much graduated. — ( Quiscali. ) g. Ninth primary not shorter than third, usually longer. h. Tail plicate' and graduated (distance between tips of lateral and middle rectrices greater, usually much more, than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla). i. Median palatal ridge truncated, angulated, and highest ante- MEOT TY Pik eae ae he ec ae Sas See eet Quiscalus (p. 212) ii. Median palatal ridge beveled anteriorly, highest in middle. j. Graduation of tail less than one-third (about one-fourth) its length; tail much shorter than wing. ..Holoquiscalus (p. 222) jj. Graduation of tail more than one-third its length; tail nearly as long as wing (sometimes longer) -.-Megaquiscalus ( p. 233) hh. Tail not plicate, slightly rounded or nearly even, the difference between tips of lateral and middle rectrices less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. 7. Ninth primary equal to sixth or longer; plumage of neck and chest normal (smooth); bill more slender, its depth at base decidedly less than length of gonys.....Scolecophagus (p. 244) ii. Ninth primary shorter than sixth (equal to fifth); plumage of neck and chest peculiar (hair-like); bill stouter, its depth at base nearly equal to length of gonys...-.--- -Ptiloxena (p. 251) gg. Ninth primary shorter than second..-...---..------ Dives (p. 253) J. Culmen nearly straight, or if obviously decurved terminally the curve very gradual and the bill slender and acute. g. Nasal fossee broader and more rounded anteriorly, with nasal opereu- lum larger; tarsi and toes relatively shorter and stouter; arboreal. (Hetert\ SS. eee 27 bee Se eee sac oe eae Icterus (p. 255) gg. Nasal fossee narrower, sometimes obtusely angled, anteriorly, with nasal operculum smaller; ‘tarsi and toes relatively longer and more slender; terrestrial and paludicoline. (Agelaii.) h. Ninth primary not longer than sixth (usually shorter); lateral claws not reaching beyond base of middle claw. 1Capable of having the lateral halves folded together, the outer edges upward, so that a transverse section would be V-shaped. This character is very strongly marked in Quiscalus, Holoquiscalus, and Megaquiscalus, and possibly the group Quiscali should be restricted to these genera. Unfortunately this character is not evident in dried skins, and therefore we are as yet ignorant as to whether it exists in Pseudaglus, Macraglus, and Lampropsar. It certainly does not in Scolecophagus and Ptiloxena, and probably not in Dives. } ; i 4 7 ‘ 7 ary earn SE ee ee eee 4 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 175 i. Length of culmen much less than difference between length of Wn eAcelenaths Ole tall Seer ae a= eo ee Agelaius (p. 319) ii. Length of culmen much greater than difference between length of Wine dalenctiy ola tailey sess eee ese Nesopsar (p. 344) hh. Ninth primary longest or equal to longest; lateral claws reaching beyond base of middle claw ......----- Xanthocephalus (p. 346) dd. Longest tertials produced beyond tips of adjacent secondaries; outer toe (without claw) not reaching beyond subterminal joint of middle toe. (Gere tGLess| Rosner = ees eo pare ofc Pee Na ey at cuando po Leistes (p. 350) ec. Hallux much longer than lateral anterior toes; middle phalanx of middle toe longer than terminal phalanx; outer toe (without claw) not reaching to second (subterminal) joint of middle toe. (Sturnell.) .Sturnella (p. 353) aa. Only two primaries (the eighth and seventh) with outer web sinuated; rectrices conspicuously acuminate; wing-tip more than twice as long as culmen; middle toe, with claw, much longer than tarsus; claw of middle toe longer than the terminal phalanx; hallux with its claw longer than the digit. (Dolichony- CASS) RRs She Bins 2 Sees ea es ae Caen ee ns See Dolichonyx (p. 369) Genus ZARHYNCHUS Oberholser. Eucorystes' (not of Bell, 1862) Scuargr, [bis, 5th ser., i, Apr., 1883, 147. (Type, Cacicus wagleri Gray ). Zarhynchus? OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 215. (For Eucorystes, preoccupied. ) Large arboreal Icteride: with the bill much longer than the head, much swollen basally, forming a broad rounded frontal shield; the primaries long and attenuated terminally; coloration glossy black and dark chestnut, the tail mostly yellow. Bill much longer than head, elongate-conical, declinate, acute, much swollen basally, its depth at base decidedly less than half the length of culmen, decidedly less than length of gonys, its basal width about one- third the length of culmen, or a little less; culmen straight or nearly so in middle portion, gently decurved terminally, more or less arched and sometimes slightly elevated basally where broadly expanded, form- ing a rounded frontal shield, the posterior end of which reaches as far backward as middle of eye, its greatest width equal to about half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; gonys nearly straight, decid- edly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; mandibular rami much widened and swollen posteriorly, the posterior outline oblique, slightly convex; commissure nearly straight, but slightly deecurved both basally and terminally. Nostrils situated much below the lateral median line of the maxilla, small, broadly oval or roundish, bored into the horny rhinotheca, beveled off anteriorly, and separated distinctly from the loral feathering. Wing long (about three and one- third times length of culmen), with long and pointed tip (much longer than culmen); outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between fifth and fourth, the seventh, or seventh and sixth, longest; four outer primaries 1«HY, bené, et Kopv6r?)s, galeatus.’’ * From Ca, valde, and pvyxos, rostrum. 176 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. - ‘attenuated terminally, especially the outermost, which is abi uptly emarginated on inner web. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, rounded or slightly graduated, with the middle pair of rectricesabruptly shorter than the next (intermediate between second and third from out- side), the rectrices contracted terminally and obtusely pointed. Tarsus nearly as long as maxilla from nostril, stout, the upper portion covered by projecting tibial feathers, the anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe. with claw, nearly as long as tarsus; outer toe with claw reaching a little beyond base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux decidedly shorter than lateral toes but much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. A sparse crest of very narrow elongated feathers springing from middle of crown. Coloration. —Back, scapulars, wings, middle pair of rectrices, breast, abdomen, and thighs black, more or less glossy; tail (except middle pair of rectrices) yellow; rest of plumage dark chestnut; bill light colored. Range.—Southern Mexico to Venezuela and northwestern Peru. (Monotypic. ) ZARHYNCHUS WAGLERI WAGLERI (Gray). WAGLER’S OROPENDOLA, Adult male.—Head, neck, and upper chest dark chestnut-brown or seal brown, somewhat darker on the crown and slender crest-feathers, the plumage pure white basally; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts black, the feathers broadly margined with glossy greenish black (more narrowly on the greater coverts); rest of wings, iyo ctne with upper chest, breast, and upper abdomen uniform black, more or less strongly glossed with bluish green; flanks, rump, and upper tail-coverts deep chestnut or chocolate brown, the lower abdomen similar but rather lighter; anal region and under tail-coverts light chestnut; thighs dull black, usually more or less tinged with chestnut; tail clear chrome yellow, the middle pair of rectrices black, except at extreme base, the outermost pair with outer web blackish; bill pale greenish yellow (sometimes drying dusky or olive), usually showing some olive or dusky on terminal half of mandible; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky; leneth (skins), 334-881 (849.5); wing, 188-228.1 (214.1); tail, 121. 4-136.7 (131.6); culmen, 65.5-71.1 (68.1); depth of bill at base, 96.7-29 (27.9); greatest width of frontal shield, 19.8-22.4 (21.3); tarsus, 38.4—41.1 (39.6); middle toe, 28.5-32.5 (29.7).’ Adult female.—Much smaller than the male; similar in coloration, but black of breast. etc., less intense, less glossy, blending gradually into the deep chestnut of adjoining parts; bill darker; length (skins), 951.5-289.6 (267.7); wing, 149.1-156.2 (152.9); tail, 94.7-105.4 (101.6) 1 leven specimens (basal depth of bill measured in only four). BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Ware culmen, 48.3-53.3 (51.3); depth of bill at base, 22.6-23.9 (23.1); width of pond. 15.2-16.5 (15.7); tarsus, 31.5-33.3 (32.8); middle toe, 93.1-25.4 (23.6). Young.—Similar to adult female, but colors duller and bill light brownish. Nicaragua (Chontales; Rio Escondido) to Colombia (Pocune; Ner- cua; Rio aiteuemda)- Venezuela; western Ecuador (Balzar Mountains; Foreste del Rio Peripa)?; northwestern Peru (Piura) ?” Clacicus] wagleri Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1847, 342 (neither type locality nor loca- tion of type given).® Cacicus waglert Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1847, pl. 84 [Ocyalus] wagleri Bonaparts, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 427 (Venezuela) .—SciaTEer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 35, ae Ocyalus wagleri SCLATER, Proc. Tool: Soc. Lond., 1855, 153 (Bogota).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 188 (Rio Truando and Rio Nereua, n. Colom- bia).—SciaTER and Saxnvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Panama R. R.); 1879, 508, pl. 43, fig. 38 (near Remedios, proy. Antioquia, Colombia).— CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 9 (Costa Rica).—Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Santa Fé, Veragua); 1870, 190 (Chitra and Calobre, Vera- gua); fe 1872, 317 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—LawreEnce, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 104 (San José, Turrialba, and San Carlos, Costa Rica).—Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 302 (Costa Rica).— 30ucARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 58 (Orozi, San Carlos, and Naranjo, Costa Rica).—Nourtine, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 393 (near Punta Arenas, w. Costa Rica).—Zrtepon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9. Cassicus wagleri Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 72, part (Central America; Colombia). HEucorystes waglert Scuarer, Ibis, Apr., 1883, 147, part (monogr.; Chontales, Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Veragua; Colombia; Balzar Mts., w. Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 312, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Tucurrique, Costa Rica; Santa Fé and Chitra, Veragua; Chiriqui; Isthmus Panama; Pocune, Colombia; Balzar Mts., w. Ecuador).—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 436, part (localities and references from Nicaragua southward; w. Ecuador; Piura, n. w. Peru).—Zertepon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 ( Alajuela and Cartago, Costa Rica).—Cuerrig, Auk, ix, 1892, 249 (San José, Costa Rica; descr. young).—RicuMmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 4938 (San Juan R., and Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Rio Escondido, Nica- ragua).—Satvaporr and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, 28 (Foreste del Rio Peripa, w. Ecuador). Zarhynchus wagleri OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 215. Zarhynchus wagleri wagleri Ripaway, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901, 151, in text. 'Seven specimens (basal foo of bill ee a in only non "I have not seen specimens from Nicaragua nor from any part of northern South America south of the Panama Railroad. Judging from other species which vary similarly between southern Mexico and the Isthmus of Panama, Nicaraguan speci- mens are most likely referable to the southern form. Specimens from western Peru and Eeuador, on the other hand, may prove on critical comparison to be separable as a third form, and those from Venezuela should also be carefully compared. $Judging from the colored plate, Gray’s bird seems to have been the southern form. 3654—voL 2—O1 12 178 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ZARHYNCHUS WAGLERI MEXICANUS Ridgway. MEXICAN OROPENDOLA. Similar to Z. vw. waglert but averaging slightly smaller, especially the bill; frontal shield narrower and less arched; chestnut of head and neck slightly, that of rump and flanks decidedly, darker; black of breast and abdomen more restricted, duller, less glossy. Adult male.—Length (skins), 330.2-368.3 (844.4); wing, 207-218.9 (213.6); tail, 124.5-132.6 (127.3); culmen, 6467.3 (65.5); greatest width of frontal shield, 18.3-20.3 (19.6); tarsus. 37.6-38.6 (38.1); middle toe, 27.4-30 (28.7)." Adult female.—Length (skin), 243.8; wing, 147.3-154.2 (150.6); tail, 98.8-99.1; culmen, 48-48.3 (48.1); greatest width of frontal shield, 14.5-15.2 (14.7); tarsus, 31.8-32.5 (82); middle toe, 24.1-25.4 (24.6).” Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Motzorongo, Cerro de Defensa, etc.) to Guatemala; British Honduras ?; Honduras 7%.’ Ocyalus wagleri (not Cacicus wagleri Gray) SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 228 (Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 127 (Guatemala ).—ScuaTer and Satyr, Ibis, 1859, 19 Cahabon, Guatemala); 1870, 836 (San ‘Pedro, Honduras)— Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57, (Chilomo, Honduras).—Satvin, Ibis, 1861, 141 (Lanquin, Guatemala). Cassicus waglert Cassty, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 72, part (Mexico). [ Ocyalus] wagleri ScLarer and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 35, part. Ocyalus waglerti Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 553 (hot region, Vera Cruz).—Bovcarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 35. Eucorystes wagleri Scuater, Ibis, Apr., 1883, 147, part (s. Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras; monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 312, part (Coban and Choctum, Guatemala; s. Mexico).—Satyin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1886, 486, part (Cerro de la Defensa, Vera Cruz; Cahabon, Lanquin, and Choctum, Guatemala; Chilomo and San Pedro, Honduras). Zarhynchus wagleri mexicanus Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Aead. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901, 151 (Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Genus GYMNOSTINOPS Selater. Gymnostinops* ScuatER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 309, 312. (Type, Cacicus montezuma Lesson. ) Very large arboreal Icteridee with bill longer than head, straight, acute elongate-conical, with basal outline of mandibular rami nearly vertical, straight or slightly concave, the basal portion of culmen more or less expanded, forming a somewhat flattened frontal shield; cheeks and space on sides of throat naked; coloration black and chestnut, or olive-yellowish, with tail mostly yellow. ' Five specimens. * Two specimens. *T have not seen specimens from any portion of the district between Guatemala and Costa Rica. Judging, however, from the case of other species which vary between southern Mexico and the Isthmus of Panama, specimens from British Hon- duras and Honduras are most likely to be referable to the northern form; those from Nicaragua to the southern one. *“youuvos naked, 06rE1v 0s bony, @w face.” BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 179 Bill longer than head, elongate-conical, acute, compressed, with nearly straight outlines, its basal depth decidedly less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width less than half that dis- tance; culmen straight, ascending but not conspicuously elevated basally, forming a broad, nearly flat, frontal shield, with rounded pos- terior outline, the extreme posterior portion of which extends about as far as the anterior angle of the eye; gonys straight, decidedly more than half as long as culmen, but about as much shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; mandibular rami widened, but not swollen, posteriorly, with terminal outline truncate or faintly concave ; commissure nearly straight. Nostril much below lateral median line of maxilla, small, broadly oval or nearly circular, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca, beveled off anteriorly, posteriorly touching the loral feathering. Wing moderate (more than three times as long as culmen), short-tipped (primaries exceeding secondaries by less than length of culmen), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between fifth and fourth; seventh, or seventh and sixth, longest; four outer primaries broad and rounded at tips (the first slightly contracted terminally), their inner webs faintly sinuated. Tail about three- fourths as long as wing, graduated, with middle pair of rectrices abruptly abbreviated (intermediate in length between outermost and the next), the rectrices rather narrow, but not obviously contracted terminally nor pointed. Tarsus about as long as the maxilla from nostril, or a little longer, stout, its anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, about as long as tarsus; outer toe with claw reaching about to base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux shorter than lateral toes, but conspicuously stouter, its claw slightly shorter than the digit; all the claws strongly curved. A crescentic patch immediately behind frontal shield, rictal and sub- orbital regions, anterior and middle portion of malar region, and sides of chin and throat naked, the last separated from the naked cheek- space by a narrow line of feathering; a sparse crest of narrow elon- gated feathers springing from middle of crown. Coloration. —Black and chestnut, or yellowish olive-green, with tail mostly yellow. Fange.—Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. (Five species, only one of them north of the Isthmus of Panama.) KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GYMNOSTINOPS. a. Wings, upper tail-coverts, and flanks chestnut. 6. Breast, abdomen, and thighschestnut. (Southern Mexico toIsthmusof Panama. ) Gymnostinops montezuma (p. 180) bb. Breast, abdomen, and thighs black. (Northern Colombia.) Gymnostinops cassini (p. 181) aa. Wings (except a small area next to scapulars), upper tail-coverts, and flanks black. (Northern Colombia.)........--.-- Gymnostinops guatimozinus (p. 182) 180 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. GYMNOSTINOPS MONTEZUMA (Lesson). MONTEZUMA OROPENDOLA. Adult male.—Head, neck, and upper part of chest uniform black; tail rich lemon yellow, the middle pair of rectrices brownish black; rest of plumage rich purplish chestnut, or bay, darker on under parts of the body, especially the thighs, the feathers of breast and abdomen being black beneath the surface; tips of longer primaries (beyond emarginations) and whole under surface of wings brownish black; basal half, or more, of bill black, the terminal portion yellowish (more or less orange or orange-red in life); naked skin around base of culmen and bare suborbital and malar spaces flesh color, pale bluish, or rose- pink in life; iris brown; iets and feet black; length (skins), 450.9- 520.7 (491); wing, 245.1-273.1 (260.9); tail, 185.9-205.2 (197.4); cul- men, 73.7-78.7 (77); acount width - culmen near base, 13.7-16.3 (14.7); tarsus, 54.6-60.2 (56.6); middle toe, 39.9-44.5 (42.4)." Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but much smaller; black of head and neck duller or browner; middle rectrices blackish brown, instead of black, and the median under parts and thighs darker, some- times approaching brownish black; length (skins), 363.2—-406.4 (881.3); wing, 188—205.7 (196.3); tail, 144.8-159.5 oe +); culmen, 56.4-61 (58.9); width of culmen near base, 10.2-12.4 (11.2); tarsus, 44.5-46.2 (45.2); middle toe, 31.2-33.5 (32.5).” Young.—Similar to adults, but dark portion of bill not so deep black and pale terminal portion less distinctly yellowish; the line of demar- cation between the two areas less distinct. Southeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Mira) and Vere Cruz (Santa Maria, Orizaba, Cordova, Jalapa, Actopam, Barra de Santa Ana, Paso de la Milpa, ete.), south through Central America to Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad). ‘Seven specimens. * Five specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Width arr pe res \ of Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. |Culmen. Franca Tarsus. rae! shield. MALES. | Two adult males from southern Mexico.....-.....-- 271.8 | 202.9 75.9 14 54.9 42.2 One adult male from Guatemala..........-....--.-- 264.2 198. 6 76.7 14 56.4 39.9 Three adult males from Nicaragua and Costa Rica..} 253.5 | 191.3 | 77 15.2 56.6 43.4 One‘adnult malevromuPanamee 2 = es -aseeee ete 297.8 193 77 16.3 60. 2 43.9 FEMALES. Two adult females from southern Mexico.....-..-.- 202. 4 157.2 ist 10.4 | 45.5 aes Two adult females from Honduras..............---- 194.3 152.7 59.7 LIIGh| 4pe2 32 One adult female from Costa Rica .....-....-......- 188 144.8 | 59.7 10.7 44.5 31.2 { BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 181 Cacicus montezuma Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 338, pl. 7 (Mexico).—-GErvats, Atlas Zool., 1844, pl. 33. Cacicus montezume Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 3800 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858, 358 (Comayagua, Honduras), 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— ScLtaTER and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Atlantic coast, Guatemala, and Hon- duras).—Moors, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Omoa, Honduras) .—Tay- tor, Ibis, 1860, 111 (Taulevi, Honduras). Cassicus montezumex Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71 (monogr. ). Ostinops montezumx ScLuaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 380 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 128 (Jalapa); Ibis, 1883, 148 (throughout s. Mexico to Panama).—Casstin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139, footnote (Mexico; Nicaragua; descr.).—LawreEnce, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 104 (San Carlos and Angostura, (oe Rica).—ScLaTeR and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 3853 (Lion Hill); 1867, 279 (Blewfields R., Nicaragua); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras) .— SALviIn, Ibis, 1865, 195 (not on Pacifie coast of Guatemala).—FRANTzIUs, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 302 (San Carlos, Angostura, Serapiqui, Tucurriqui, San Mateo, Aguacate, and Orosi, Costa Rica).—Boucarp, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 58 (San Carlos and Naranjo, Costa Rica; descr. nest, etc. ).—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9.—Nuttine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 383 (Sucuyd, Nicaragua; habits, ete.), 401 (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua). Ostinops montezumae Boucarnb, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 35. Ostinops montezuma SumicHRast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 553 (hot region, Vera Cruz).—FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 149 (Actopam, Barra de Santa Ana, and Paso de la Milpa, Vera Cruz). [Ostinops] montezume ScuiaTeR and Satyiy, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 35. Gymnostinops montezume SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, a 313.—SALVIN and GopMANn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 437.—ZELEpoN, An. Mus. Nace. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Jiménez and Cartago, Costa Rica).—Goss, Auk, v, 1888, 27 (breeding habits; descr. nest and eggs).—Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 588 (5 Sais Honduras ).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat Mus., xvi, 1893, 494 (Nicaragua; habits, song, etc.); xviii, 1896, 630 (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas). C[assicus] bifasciatus (not of Spix) Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 427, part (Mexico). O[stinops] bifasciata CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 187, excl. syn. part (Mexico). GYMNOSTINOPS CASSINI Richmond. CASSIN’S OROPENDOLA. Similar to G. montezuma, but bill longer, much deeper and broader at base, more attenuated terminally, with light-colored tip occupying less than terminal third, and with the basal portion of the frontal **casque” light-colored; under parts (except under tail-coverts), including thighs, deep black; chestnut of upper parts and under tail- coverts darker (rich deep bay). Much larger than G. guatimozinus, with the entire back, scapulars, wings (except terminal portion of longer primaries), rump, and tail-coverts (upper and lower) entirely deep chestnut or bay; black of head, neck, and under parts less intense; basal portion of frontal ‘‘casque” light-colored, and naked skin of ‘cheeks light-colored instead of dusky. Bill black, with about 25.4 182 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. mm. of the terminal portion and about 5.1 mm. of the basal portion of the frontal shield (extending forward laterally) dull yellowish (orange in life#); naked skin of forehead and cheeks light-colored (pinkish or flesh-colored in life’); legs and feet black. Adult male.—Length (skin), about 533.5; wing, 270.5; tail, 203.2; culmen, 85.9; greatest width of culmen near base, 21.6; depth of bill at base, 35.6; tarsus, 61.5; middle toe, 43.7. Northern Colombia (Rio Truando). Ostinops quatimozinus (not of Bonaparte) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 138, 189 (Rio Truando, n. Colombia; descr.; crit. ). Cassicus guatimozinus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71, part (Rio Truando). Gymnostinops guatimozinus SaAtvixn and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 439, part (Rio Truando). Gymnostinops cassint Ricumonp, Auk, xv, Oct., 1898, 327 (Rio Truando, n. Colom- bia; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). GYMNOSTINOPS GUATIMOZINUS (Bonaparte). BLACK OROPENDOLA, Adult male.—Head, neck, upper back, and entire under parts, except under tail-coverts, uniform deep black, with a faint bluish gloss; wings black, with innermost coverts dark chestnut or bay; lower back and scapulars dark chestnut or bay, the feathers black beneath surface; rump and upper tail-coverts black, tinged with dark chestnut or bay; under tail-coverts similar, but the longer ones uni- form bay; bill black, with the tip yellowish for about 19.1 mm.; naked skin on forehead ligbt-colored (apparently pinkish or flesh-colored in life), but that of cheeks dusky; legs and feet black; length (skin), about 463.6; wing, 261.6; tail, 207; culmen, 65.5; greatest width of culmen near base, 13.2; depth of bill at base, 27.9; tarsus, 59.7; middle toe, 41.1.’ Adult female.—Much smaller than the male; similar in coloration, but the black rather less intense; length (skin), 400.1; wing, 200.7; tail, 153.7; culmen, 52.8; greatest width of culmen near tee 11.4; fon of bill at base, 23.4; tarsus, 44.5; middle toe, 33.” Northern Colombia (Guaripata; Turbo; lower Magdalena River; Remedios, Antioquia). Ostinops guatimozinus BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxvii, 1853, 833 (Guaripata, Colombia); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1853, 10.—Scua‘rER and SALvIn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 508 (Remedios, proy. Antioquia, Colombia; descr. eggs).—Scuater, Ibis, 1888, 149, part (northern parts of Colombia; Guari- pata; Remedios, Antioquia). [ Ostinops] guatemozinus ScLATER and Satyvrix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 09. 1 No. 128113, U. S. Nat. Mus., Lower Maedalons jeer Colombia, June 28, 1892; Lieut. Wirt Robinson, U.S. A. 2 No. 17846, U. S. Nat. Mus., Turbo, northern Colombia; Dr. A. Schott. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 183 Cassicus guatimozinus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 71, part (Turbo, n. Colombia). Gymnostinops gquatimozinus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 314 (Reme- dios).—Satvix and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 439, pl. 32.— Rogrxson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (lower Magdalena R., Colombia). Genus OSTINOPS Cabanis. Ostinops+ CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 187. (Type, Oriolus cristatus Gmelin, = Vanthornus decumanus Pallas. ) Very large arboreal Icteridx with bill longe1 than head, straight, acute elongate-conical, with basal outline of mandibular rami nearly vertical, truncate, the basal portion of culmen elevated and expanded, forming a narrow but prominent frontal shield; head completely feathered. Bill slightly longer than head, elongate-conical, acute, compressed, with nearly straight outlines, its basal depth decidedly less than dis- tance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width nearly half that ‘measurement; culmen straight, slightly decurved terminally, the basal portion, slightly elevated, arched, and expanded, forming a narrow frontal shield, the rounded posterior extremity of which is about on line with anterior angle of eye; gonys straight, decidedly more than half as long as culmen but shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; commissure straight to behind nostril, where decidedly detlexed to the rictus; mandibular rami posteriorly widened and truncate, but not swollen. Nostril much below lateral median line of maxilla, small, broadly oval or nearly circular, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca, slightly beveled anteriorly, posteriorly touching the loral feathering. Wing long (more than four times as long as culmen ), the tip long (much longer than culmen) and wedge-shaped; ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between fifth and fourth; seventh or sixth primary longest; four outer primaries gradually con- tracted terminally and pointed, their inner web faintly sinuated. Tail between three-fourths and four-fifths as long as wing, graduated, with middle pair of rectrices shorter than third pair and differently colored from the others, the rectrices rather narrow but not contracted terminally. Tarsus longer than maxilla from nostril, very stout, its anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus (about equal to maxilla from nostril); outer toe with claw reaching slightly beyond base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux nearly as long as inner toe, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Head completely feathered, a sparse crest of narrow elongated feathers springing from middle of crown. Coloration.—Black and chestnut, or olive-green, olive-brown, or russet, with the tail mostly yellow. ” oa ” . “AN . . 1 Ostivo6, knochern, und ww, 706, 7) Gesicht, Antlitz.’’ 184 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Range.—Isthmus of Panama (Chiriqui) to Bolivia and southern Brazil. (Eight species, all South American, one of them barely pass- ing the Isthmus of Panama.) OSTINOPS DECUMANUS (Pallas). CRESTED OROPENDOLA, Adult male.—General color uniform, rather glossy, black, or brown- ish black (sometimes with a slight purplish reflection in certain lights); rump and upper tail-coverts dark purplish chestnut or bay, the under tail-coverts similar but lighter (more burnt sienna); tail rich lemon yellow, with middle pair of rectrices black; bill pale greenish yellow; legs and feet black; length (skins), 416.6-463.6 (433.1); wing, 215.9- 250.2 (286); tail, 185.4-221 (202.2); culmen, 55.9-66.5 (62.2); depth of bill at base, 25.9-30 (28.2); width of maxilla between lores, 10.2-13 (11.7); tarsus, 48.3-55.4 (51.3); middle toe, 34.3-40.6 (37.6).' Adult female.—Similar in coloration to the adult male but much smaller, with crest less developed; length (skins), 317.5-355.6 (326.6); wing, 158.8-186.7 (169.2); tail, 1384.6-177.8 (151.9); culmen, 42.9-50.8 (46.7); depth of bill at base, 20.3-22.9 (21.8); width of culmen between lores, 7.9-9.9 (9.1); tarsus, 38.6-43.2 (41.1); middle toe, 27.2-80.5 (29.2).? ; Young.—Similar to adults, but the black duller, the chestnut of rump, etc., less bright and much less sharply defined, and the bill pale yellowish brown or dull brownish white instead of pale greenish ' Eleven specimens. * Ten specimens. Specimens from eastern Ecuador average larger, those from southern Brazil smaller, averages being as follows: Width | | Depth | of cul- | Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. |Culmen.) of bill |men be-/Tarsus. | " ide | | at base.| tween | | e lores. | if = a ee MALES. | | Six adult males from Colombia (including | Panama and /Ghiriqui)is=s2-c.--.asasecese | 226.8 | 19920 62.5 28. 2 1D 25 ole ia 38.4 : = | | } Three adult males from Rio Napo, eastern Rosado ats oar eee ee en eee | 252 216.9| 64.8| 27.9] 12.7] 53.3] 36.6 Two adult males from Chapada, Matto- Grosso, southwestern Brazil ..........---. 239 188 57.7 28.7 11.9 49.8 | 35.8 FEMALES. | | Five adult females from Colombia.........- 176.3 | 161.5 49.8 224d B54 | 42.7 | 29.7 One adult female from Rio Napo, eastern | EE CUACOR 50 coed Soon eee a ere 170.9 | 149.9 45,7 | 22.4 QUT te Asa a0) Four adult females from Chapada, Matto- | Grosso, southwestern Brazil .............. 159.8 139.7 | otek 2100 8.6 | 39.1 | QT Oe ee eee ee ee ee ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 185 yellow. (Some specimens apparently nearly or quite mature have indistinct brownish margins to posterior scapulars and interscapulars. ) Chiriqui (Bugaba) and Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Chepo, Rio Lara) to eastern Peru (Pebas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, Rio Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, etc.), Bolivia (Tilotilo), Paraguay (Lambaré), southern Brazil (Chapada, province of Matto-Grosso; Blumenau, proy- ince of Santa Catarina; Piquete, province of Sao Paulo; Ypanema; Bahia, ete.), British Guiana (Bartica Grove), Trinidad, and Tobago. Xanthornus decumanus PAauuas, Spicil. Zool., fase. vi, 1769, 1 (‘‘ America’’). Ostinops decumanus SALvin and GopMAN, Ibis, 1879, 200 (San José and Atanques, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia; crit. nom.); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 440 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Turbo, n. Colombia; Guiana; Bolivia; s. e. Brazil).—Scuarer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 508 (Remedios, Antioquia).—Scuiater, Ibis, 1883, 151 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 315 (Bugaba, Chiriqui; Lion Hill and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Atanques, Bogota, and Antioquia, Colombia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Pebas and Santa Cruz, e. Peru; Tilotilo, Bolivia; Barra do Rio Negro, Ypanema, and Bahia, Brazil; Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Tobago).—TaczanowskI, Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 404.— Sauvin, Ibis, 1885, 217 ( Bartica Grove, British Guiana ).—BrERLEpscH, Journ. fir Orn., 1887, 10 (Lambaré, Paraguay), 116 (Paraguay); 1889, 299 ( Yuri- maguas, n. e. Peru).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., 11, 1889, 84 (lower Beni R., Bolivia) ; 111, 1891, 376 (Chapada, proy. Matto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil; descr. nest and eggs, etc. ).—CHapman, Auk, vii, 1890, 269 (Santarem, lower Amazon); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 35 (Trinidad; habits; notes).—Cory, Auk, x, 1893, 220 (Tobago).—Rosrinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Magda- lena R., Colombia).—PuHetps, Auk, xiv, 1897, 364 (Cumanacoa, Venezuela) .— Banas, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., xii, 1898, 177 (Palomina, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia).—Sronr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Honda, Rio Com- beima, and Nevada del Tolima, centr. Colombia).—Sarvaporr, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, 5 (Rio Lara, Isthmus of Panama); xv, no. 378, 1900, 6 (Urucum, prov. Matto-Grosso, s. w. Brazil).—Satvaporrand Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, 1899, 28 (Gualaquiza and Valle del Zamora, e. Ecuador).—Inrrina, Aves de S. Paulo, 1899, 169 (Piquete, prov. S. Paulo, s. Brazil).—ALuen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 163 (Ouaca, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia).—Rogpinson and Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1901, 175 (Cucuruti and San Julian, Venezuela). (?) Xanthornus maximus PAuuas, Spicil. Zool., fase. vi, 1769, 3 pl. 1 (America). Oriolus citrius Miuuer, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 87 (based on Cassique huppé, de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 344). Cassicus citreus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 68 (monogr. ). Oriolus cristatus Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 21 (based on Cassique huppé, de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 344). se [ Oriolus] cristatus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 387.—Larnam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 174. Icterus cristatus TemMMINcK, Cat. Syst., 1807, 46. Cassicus cristatus ViErLLoT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., v, 1816, 362; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 721.—Maximiuian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ii, 1831, 1220.—TscHupt1, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1849, 232.—CaBanis, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, ili, 1848, 680.—BurmetstEer, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 275.— DescourtiLz, Orn. Brés., 1854-56, pl. 45, fig. (3).—Berruepscn, Journ. fur Orn., 1873, 248 (Blumenau, proy. Santa Catarina, s. Brazil; localities, ref- erences, etc. ). 186 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Classicus] cristatus Swarxson, Birds Brazil, etc., 1841, pl. 32. [ Cassicus] cristalus BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 427 (Guiana; Brazil). Ps{arocolius] cristatus WAGLER, Syst. Ay., 1827, Psarocolius, Sp. 3. O[stinops] cristatus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 187 (Brazil; Guiana; Vene- zuela). Ostinops cristatus SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 153 (Bogota); 1858, 455 (Gualaquiza Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 127 (Bogota).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 188 (Turbo and Rio Atrato, n. Colombia).—Law- RENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Rery- HARD?, Fuglef. Bras. Camp., 1870, 211 (Guache and Japui, Brazil). —Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 83 (Trinidad) .—Sciarer and Sayin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 354 (Panama R. R.); 1866, 182 (Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 750 (Rio Huallaga, e. Peru), 978 (Pebas, upper Amazon); 1873, 265 (Pebas, lower Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, and Santa Cruz, e. Peru) ; 1879, 608 (Proy. Yungas, Bolivia).—Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 190 (Bugaba, Chiriqui).—Fryscu, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 578 (Trinidad).—Wy arr, Ibis, 1871, 328 (lower mountain dists., Colombia).—PELzeLN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 191.—ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst., vili, 1876, 79 (Santarem, lower Amazon). 279 OF [ Ostinops] cristatus SCLATER and Satyvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1875, 35. Genus CACICUS Lacépéde. Cacicus LAcrPEDR, Tableau méthod. des Mammif. et des Oiseaux, 1799, 6. (Type, “Cacique,” = Cassicus affinis Swainson.’) Cassicus InuicerR, Prodromus Orn., 1811, 214. (Type, Oriolus hemorrhous Lin- nzeus. ) (2?) Archiplanus! CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 186. (Type, Cassicus albi- rostris Vieillot. ) Medium-sized to rather large arboreal Icteride with bill elongate- conical, acute, the culmen more or less widened, sometimes decidedly swollen, basally; nostrils on or below lateral median line of maxilla, small, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca; tarsus not longer than culmen, equal to or longer than middle toe, with claw; coloration black, with scarlet or yellow patch on rump (the tail-coverts, base of tail, and a patch on wing-coverts sometimes also yellow), the bill whitish or pale yellowish. Bill variable as to relative length and thickness, usually about as long as head (never conspicuously longer nor shorter), elongate-conical or cuneate, with the acute tip more or less decurved, its basal depth less than half the length of culmen, its basal width decidedly less than half (sometimes less than one-third) the length of culmen; culmen nearly straight (sometimes faintly depressed) in middle, slightly decurved terminally, more or less elevated and arched (sometimes very faintly so) basally, broad and rounded, especially the basal portion, which is sometimes developed into a rather conspicuous ** frontal shield;” gonys straight or faintly concave terminally, shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight for most part, slightly decurved terminally, the basal portion slightly deflexed from behind , 1“Von a&pxixAavos, 6 nom. prop.”’ i i al ee Se ee ee ies 7 Od BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ] loral antie to the rictus—the portion immediately beneath the loral anti sometimes slightly convex. Nostril on lateral median line of max- illa or below (in typical species decidedly below), narrow, longitudinal, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca, usually more or less beveled anteriorly, the posterior end in contact with feathering of the loral antie. Wing moderate to long (about four to nearly five times as long as culmen, about four and one-third to five times as long as tarsus), its tip rather short to long (much less than length of culmen to much more), rounded; ninth (outermost) primary shorter than fifth (shorter than third in C. leucorhamphus, equal to firstin C. chrysonotus); eighth to sixth or (in (. chrysonotus) seventh to fifth longest, the eighth, seventh, and sixth or (in C. chrysonotus) seventh, sixth, and fifth nearly equal; in typical species the longer primaries gradually, but not con- spicuously, narrowed terminally. Tail nearly two-thirds to more than seven-eighths as long as wing, or (in C. chrysonotus) longer than wing, subemarginate, double-rounded, or graduated (graduation always less than length of culmen). Tarsus shorter than culmen to slightly longer, about one-fifth to two-ninths as long as wing, its anterior scutella dis- tinct; middie toe, with claw, slightly to decidedly shorter than tarsus; lateral toes with claws reaching to or slightly beyond base of middle claw; hallux shorter than lateral toes or (in C. lewcorhamphus and C. chrysonotus) about as long, but much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; all the claws strongly curved, acute. Coloration.—Black, with a scarlet or yellow patch on rump; some of the yellow-rumped species with a yellow patch on wing-coverts, some with also the tail-coverts and base of tail vellow; sexes alike in coloration. Range.—Nicaragua to western Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. (Eleven species, all South American, only two of them reaching the Isthmus of Panama.) I have been strongly tempted to subdivide this genus by removing at least C. ehrysonotus, which differs strikingly in its weak bill, short- tipped and much-rounded wing, long tail, and apparently different pro- portionate length of the toes; but the only specimen of this species that I have been able to examine is a young bird, and I can not be sure that the peculiarities observed would be equally evident in the adult. C. deucorhamphus agrees in some characters with C. chrysonotus, though not to the same degree, and seems, on the whole, to be struc- turally intermediate between that species and those with the tail-coverts and base of tail yellow (C. persicus, C. vitellinus, and C. flavicrissus). Cassicus albirostris Vieillot is also probably not a member of this genus, and should without much doubt be placed in the genus Archz- planus Cabanis, of which it is the type and only known species. Of this species I have seen only the female, which is a very small bird (less in size than the average J/cterus), with x decidedly wedge- 188 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. shaped bill, definite though slight superior operculum to the rather large and high nostrils; weak feet, slightly rounded tail, and rounded wing (ninth primary intermediate between fourth and third). Except in its very small size it comes rather near the aberrant species (C. /ew- corhamphus and C. chrysonotus) in structural details, but has the bill more perfectly wedge-shaped, with the culmen quite straight, instead of distinctly decurved terminally. Without better specimens of C. chrysonotus and C. albirostris, how- ever, I am not able to quite satisfy myself as to the proper limits of the genus, and therefore for the present leave them as defined by Dr. Sclater. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CACICUS. a. Rump (also tail-coverts, base of tail, and patch on wing-coyerts), yellow; culmen 31.8 or more. (Colombia, including Isthmus of Panama.) -........----.----- Cacicus vitellinus (p. 188) aa. Rump orange-red or scarlet; culmen not more than 30.5. (Isthmus of Panama to Nicaragua. ).- 5222265 aee oes ase eee Cacicus microrhynchus (p. 189) CACICUS VITELLINUS Lawrence. LAWRENCE’S CACIQUE, Adult male.—General color uniform deep black, with a slight bluish gloss in certain lights, the plumage of neck and body white at base (concealed); lower back, rump, upper and under tail-coverts, and small wedge-shaped patch on inner portion of wing, rich saffron yellow vary- ing to orange-yellow; basal portion of tail (mostly concealed by the coverts) paler yellow, the shafts of middle rectrices, within the yellow portion, nearly or quite white; innermost secondaries abruptly white at concealed bases; bill pale grayish yellow or greenish yellow, some- times darker (more olivaceous) basally; legs and feet black; length (skins), 260.4-294.6 (275.8); wing, 162.6—-180.3 (172.2); tail, 106.7-117.5 (111.8); culmen, 36.5—40.6 (89.1); depth of bill at base, 15.7-L7.5 (16.8); width of culmen between loral antiw, 7.9-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 31-35.1 (32.8); middle toe, 21.6—25.4 (23.9).’ Adult female.—Similar to the male but decidedly smaller, and the black duller, especially on the under parts where usually more or less tinged with olive on abdomen and flanks; length (skins), 226.1—254 (234.2); wing, 130-136.7 (133.4); tail, 88.4-96.5 (92.2); culmen, 31.8- 33 (82.3); depth of bill at base, cane (14.2); width of culmen between loral antiz, 7.4-7.9 (7.6); tarsus, 27.4-29.7 (28.5); middle toe, 20.3-20.8 (20.3).” Immature male.—Similar in coloration to adult female, but larger. Northern Colombia (lower Magdalena Valley; Remedios, province of Antioquia; Turbo; Rio Atrato, ete.), including Isthmus of Panama (Lion Hill, Panama, ete.). } Five specimens. * Six specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 189 Although united by Sclater and others to C. flavicrissus Sclater, this bird is nevertheless quite distinct, at least subspecifically. It is decidedly larger than C. flavicrissus,' especially the bill, which is much deeper and broader at the base and otherwise different in shape, and the yellow patch on the wing is conspicuously smaller (much less than half as large) in both sexes. Whether.the two forms intergrade or not Tam unable to state, not having been able to examine specimens from intermediate territory. Cassicus icteronotus (not of Vieillot) Cassin, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 13 (Turbo and delta of Rio Atrato, n. Colombia). Cassiculus icteronotus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama Rk. R.). Cassiculus chrysonotus? (not Cassicus chrysonotus Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny) Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139 (Turbo). Cassicus persicus (not Oriolus persicus Linnzeus) SCLATER and Sayin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 107 (Lion Hill). Cassicus vitellinus LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1864, 107 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence; also ‘‘ Nicaragua’’).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 66 (monogr.; Turbo, Rio Atrato, and Panama, Colombia; ‘‘ Nicaragua’’; ‘‘ Mexico?’’). Cassicus flavicrissus (not Cassiculus flavicrissus Selater) Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 329 (Lake of Paturia, Colombia); 1872, 468 (syn.).—SciaTEr and Satvin, Ibis, 1871, 329 (crit.).—ScLaterR, Ibis, 1883, 158, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 322, part (Lion Hill and Panama, Panama R. R.; Remedios, proy. Antioquia, and Magdalena Valley, Colombia).—Satyin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 441, part (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.; Turbo, n. Colombia).—Rosryson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Mag- dalena R., Colombia). [Cassicus] flavicrissus ScLATER and Sauyvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 35, part (Colombia; Panama). CACICUS MICRORHYNCHUS (Sclater and Salvin). SMALL-BILLED CACIQUE. Adult male.—Uniform deep black, relieved by a large triangular patch of flame-scarlet on the rump; bill pale grayish green or dull greenish white; iris white or pale blue; legs and feet black; length 1 Average measurements of the two are as follows: | | Width Depth | of Bes Locality. Wing. | Tail. |Culmen.| of bill |culmen) Tarsus. idee ; at base.| near ; | base. | | ees eee : | — MALES. | Five adult males of (. vitellinus............- 7252 Peles 39:1 | 16.8 | 8.9 | 32.8 23.9 Two adult males of C. flavicrissus -........-- | 156.5 | 101.9 | Sao LOson| Tals|p= S168 22.4 FEMALES. Six adult females of (. vitellinus .........--- 1834: |) 9222 emeSOn3 14.2 7.6 | 28.5 20.3 One adult female of C. flavicrissus.........-- TAGES | 8323 29.2 12 6.9 27.9 19.8 | 190 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM (skins), 212.1-228.6 (219.7); wing, 129-134.6 (131.6); tail, 88.9-95.3 (91.4); culmen, 28.5-30.5 (30); depth of bill at base, 10.7—12.4 (11.4); tarsus, 27. 2-28.5 (27.7); middle toe, 18—20.3 (19.1).* Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but smaller, with the orange-red rump patch more restricted and usually rather more orange; length (skins), 194.3-195.6 (194.8); wing, 109.7-121.4 (115.8); tail, 79.2-81.3 (80.3); culmen, 27.7-30.5 (28.5); depth of bill at base, 10.9-11.4 (11.2); tarsus, 24.9-27.4 (25.9); middle toe, 17.8-20.3 (19.1).? Nicaragua (Greytown, Rio Escondido, Chontales, ete.), through Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua, and Isthmus of Panama, to northern Colombia (Turbo). Cassicus uropygialis (not of Lafresnaye) Cassry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 139 (Falls of Rio Truando, n. Colombia). Cassiculus uropygialis LAwRENcE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vil, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.). Cassiculus microrhynchus SCLATER and SAtyin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R., Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater).—Lawrenceg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 181 (Greytown, Nicaragua). Cassicus microrhynchus Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 65 (monogr.).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 303 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica).—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Pozo Azul de Pirris and Pacuare, Costa Rica).—Scuarer, Ibis, 1883, 162 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 325 (Chontales, Nicaragua; Peje, Costa Rica; Santiago, Cordillera de Tolé, and Bugaba, Veragua; Lion Hill and Panama, Panama R. R.).—Satvinand Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 442.—CueErrIg, Expl. Zool. Val. Naranjo, 1893, 15; Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, 1893, 30 (Lagarto).—Ricumonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 495 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, and Rio Frio, Costa Rica; habits, nest, song, etc. ). [ Cassicus] microrhynchus ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1878, 36. Cacicus microrhynchus Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Conbiem de Tolé, Santiago, and Santa Fé, eee 1870, 190 (Bueabat Veragua) ; Ibis, 1869, 319 (Peje, Costa Rica); 1872, 313, 317 (Chontales, Nicaragua). Genus GCASSICULUS Swainson. Cassiculus Swainson, Zool. Illustr., iii, 1827, 352; Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 436. (Type, Icterus melanicterus Vieillot. ) Medium-sized or rather large arboreal Icteridee, with head conspicu- ously crested, bill wedge-shaped, tail nearly as long as wing, graduated; the plumage black and yellow. Bill equal to or longer than head, cuneate, acute, with straight out- lines, its basal depth less than one-third the length of culmen (about one-half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), the basal width much less than the depth; culmen straight, rounded, not elevated nor expanded basally, terminating posteriorly in an obtuse point; gonys straight, shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure straight to behind nostril, W here decidedly and rather abruptly. coe to the 1 Six specimens. *Four specimens, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. TOL rictus. Nostril slightly below lateral median line of maxilla, broadly oval, bored directly into the horny rhinotheca, not beveled anteriorly, the posterior end nearly or quite touching feathers of loral anti. Wing rather long (nearly four times as long as culmen), the tip rather long (about as long as culmen), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between fourth and third, the sixth, or seventh and sixth, longest, the fifth but little shorter; inner webs of three or four outer primaries rather suddenly narrowed toward tips but not appreciably sinuated. Tail about six-sevenths as long as wing, much rounded or graduated (graduation equal to about one-half the length of culmen, or slightly more), the rectrices rather narrow. ‘Tarsus shorter than culmen, its anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus, but longer than maxilla from nostril; outer toe with claw reaching to base of middle claw, the inner decidedly shorter; hallux nearly as long as inner toe, much stouter, its claw shorter than the digit. A conspicuous crest of long, rather broad, soft feathers springing from middle of crown. Coloration—Black (olive-slaty in female), with whole rump, tail- coverts, most of tail, and a large patch on wing-coverts bright lemon- yellow. Range.—Western Mexico. (Monotypic.) CASSICULUS MELANICTERUS ( Bonaparte.) MEXICAN CACIQUE, Adult male.—General color deep black; rump, upper tail-coverts, most of the tail,t posterior lesser wing-coverts, middle coverts, inner- most greater coverts, and under tail-coverts clear lemon yellow; bill light grayish green or yellowish green (greenish white in life), some- times drying darker, especially on basal portion; iris brown; legs and feet blackish; length (skins), 274.3-823.9 (293.9); wing, 149.9-163.1 (155.2); tail, 126.5-137.2 (181.3); culmen, 40.4-43.2 (41.9); depth of bill at base, 14.7-15 (15); tarsus, 33.5-35.6 (384.8); middle toe, 23.6— 24.1 (23.9).” Adult female.—Decidedly smaller than the male and with the black replaced by dark olive-slate above, deep sooty gray below; sides of forehead usually more or less spotted with yellow; yellow of upper tail-coverts tinged with olive; all the yellow rectrices more or less edged with dusky or olive; length (skins), 236.2-261.6 (246.4); wing, 121.9-146.1 (132.3); tail, 106.2-196.5 (113); culmen, 34.8-40.6 (86.8); 'The middle pair of rectrices (except concealed base), and greater part of outer web of outermost pair, are black; the remainder of the tail is yellow, though some of the yellow rectrices have more or less dusky near tip of outer webs, the terminal portion of inner web of outermost rectrices also sometim Sate Late Aes ones te“ te BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 19 [ Cassidix] oryzivora ScLATER and Sauvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 39, part. Cassidix barita (not Scaphidura barita Swainson) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vil, 1861, 296 (Isthmus of Panama). Cassidix oryzivora violea Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, June 30, 1900, 11 (La Concepcion, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, 3,000 ft. alt.; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). The following citations are doubtfully referable to this form, no specimens from the localities mentioned having been seen by me: Cassidix eryzivora SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 140 (Pallatanga, w. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 142, part (Pallatanga); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 329, part (Chitra and Calovevora, Veragua; Jima, Sical, and Pallatanga, w. Ecuador).—Scuarer and Savin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 279 (Blewfields R., Nicaragua).—Saxvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 191 (Veragua).—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10; Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Costa Rica).—Taczanowskt and BERLEpscH, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 117 (Pallatanga).—RicHMmonp, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 496 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).—Satvaporr and Fesra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xy, 1899, 30 (Foreste del Rio Peripa and Sponde del Rio Daule, w. Ecuador). Cassidix ater (not Cassicus ater Vieillot?) Taczanowskt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 323 (w. Peru). CASSIDIX ORYZIVORA MEXICANA (Lesson). MEXICAN RICE GRACKLE, Similar to C. 0. wiolea but smaller, with more slender bill; adult male with more glossy and uniformly violet plumage, even the back being violet (not bronzy), and the violet tips to feathers of under parts broader, almost (sometimes quite) concealing the black basal portion of the plumage; iris red.’ Adult male.—Length (skins), 330.2-355.6 (3438.4); wing, 177-202.7 (189); tail, 1383.4-151.6 (145.8); culmen, from base, 35.8-37.6 (37.1); depth of bill at base, 16.3-17.3 (17); tarsus, 40.6-48.9 (42.9); middle toe, 31.8-34.5 (33.3).’ Adult female.—Length (skin), 293.4; wing, 160; tail, 118.9; depth of bill at base, 14.7; tarsus, 38.9; middle toe, 28.7.° Southern Mexico, in State of Vera Cruz (Chichicaxtla, Santa Maria, Mata Bejuco, Orizaba, etc.),and south to British Honduras (possibly to Nicaragua).* Cassidix oryzivora (not Oriolus oryzivorus Gmelin) Scuarer, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1858, 98 (Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 142, part (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Ibis, 1884, 165, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 329, part (Orizaba; Choctum, Guatemala).—Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 'Sumichrast, manuscript. * Six specimens. *One specimen. *No specimen of this genus seen by me from the region between British Honduras and the Isthmus of Panama. 200 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ome 57 (Chilomo, Honduras).—Satvrn, Ibis, 1861, 353 (Honduras).—Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 36 (Guatemala). [ Cassidix] oryzivora SCLATER and SAtyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 39, part. Corvus [Cassidix] mexicanus (not Corvus mexicanus Gmelin) Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 483 (ex Corvus mexicanus Gmelin). Cassidix mexicanus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1866, 416 (Mexico; Central America; monogr. ). CLassidix] oryzivora mexicana Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, June 30, 1900, 11 (in text). Cassidix oryzivora mexicana Banas, Auk, xviii, 1901, 370 (David, Chiriqui). Cassidix crassirostris? (not Scaphidura crassirostris Swainson) Moors, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Omoa, Honduras). Genus CALLODRE RUS sGassimne Callothrus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Mar., 1866, 18. (Type, Psarocolius zneus Wagler). Rather small unicolored terrestrial Icteridee with bill shorter than head, stout (basal depth more than half the length of culmen), the maxilla shallower subbasally than the mandible; inner web of prima- ries conspicuously widened beyond middle portion, the widened por- tion terminating on second and third quills in a conspicuous tooth-like point; adult male with a conspicuous erectile ruff on sides of neck. Bill shorter than head, stout-conical, with upper outline decidedly though slightly curved, its basal depth decidedly more than half the length of culmen, its basal width nearly half the length of culmen; culmen straight in middle, slightly convex terminally and basally, dis- tinctly but not sharply ridged; gonys straight, decidedly shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure straight or nearly so about as far as beneath nostril, then strongly and rather abruptly deflexed to the rictus. Nostril small, roundish, partly surrounded posteriorly by dense feathering of the frontal anti, with membrane visible above posterior portion only, and this nearly covered by the frontal feathers. Wing moderate or rather long, more than four times as long as cul- men, nearly five times as long as tarsus, its tip moderately produced (about as long as tarsus), pointed or subtruncate; ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries equal and longest, the sixth but little shorter; inner webs of longer primaries conspicuously expanded beyond middle, the widened portion on second and third ending in a distinct tooth-like point or projection. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, slightly rounded, the retrices broadest terminally, with rounded or nearly truncate tips. Tarsus decidedly longer than culmen, its anterior scu- tella distinct; middle toe, with claw, equal to or very slightly longer than tarsus; lateral toes with claws reaching to or slightly beyond base of middle claw; hallux nearly as long as lateral toes and much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Feathers of hind- neck and sides of neck elongated, developed in adult males into a very BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 201 conspicuous erectile ruff with a naked or sparsely downy space (con- cealed) immediately behind the lateral portions of the ruff. Coloration.—Adult males bronzy black with a soft, silky luster, the wings and tail glossy bluish green; adult females dull black or grayish. Range.—Southern Texas and northwestern Mexico to northern South America. (Three species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CALLOTHRUS. a. Wings and tail strongly metallic (bluish or greenish). (Adult males.) b. Plumage of head, neck, and body dark greenish bronzy. c. Rump bronzy, like back, ete.; plumage of head, neck, and body roughly silky; bill more slender. (Southern Texas, through eastern Mexico to WET AOU Aes rene ce rete ONS oh Palin sah Callothrus robustus, adult male (p. 201) cc. Rump violet; plumage of head, neck, and body smoothly silky; bill stouter. d. Larger (wing averaging 119.1, tail 84.8, culmen 23.1). (Northwestern IME xT COM) ee mete ersten oes Callothrus eneus eneus, adult male (p. 203) dd. Smaller (wing averaging 108.7, tail 77.5, culmen 21.3). (Southwestern IMIExT COM) Rui stieasaa teen Callothrus eneus assimilis, adult male (p. 204) bb. Plumage of head, neck, and body lustrous silky brown. (Caribbean coast of Colombians) eee ee ee Callothrus armenti, adult male (extralimital )! aa. Wings and tail not strongly metallic. (Adult females and young.) b. General color black or very dark sooty. ce. Wings and tail glossed with bluish green. Callothrus robustus, adult female (p. 202) cc. Wings and tail not glossed ........- Callothrus robustus, young male (p. 202) bb. General color grayish sooty or sooty grayish. c. Faintly glossed above, the feathers of back, ete., with darker centers. Callothrus eneus eneus, adult female (p. 204) cc. Without gloss above, and feathers of back without darker centers. d. Darker, especially the under parts, which are unstreaked. Callothrus robustus, young female (p. 202) dd. Paler, especially the under parts, which are indistinctly streaked with paler, more yellowish, gray .-.Callothrus eneus eneus, young male (p. 204) CALLOTHRUS ROBUSTUS (Cabanis). RED-EYED COWBIRD. Adult male.—Head, neck, and body dark greenish bronzy, the plumage soft and silky, but not smooth, presenting the appearance of having been wet and imperfectly dried; tail-coverts blue-black, the upper ones glossed with violet; wings glossy dark greenish blue, brightest on greater coverts and tertials, less bright, as well as more greenish, on primaries, primary coyerts, and alula; lesser wing-coverts dark metallic violet, the middle coverts violet-bluish; tail dark metallic bluish green or greenish blue; bill black; iris red; legs and feet black or brownish black; length (skins), 196.8—223.5 (206.5); wing, 111.8-120.1 (116.3); tail, 75.7-82.3 (79.2); culmen, from base, 22.3-23.9 (23.1); ' M[olothrus] armenti Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 192, footnote (Cartagena, Colombia; coll. Berlin Mus.). This species, which I have not seen, is introduced into the key for sake of comparison. It is the only known extralimital form. 202 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. depth of bill at base, 11.9-13.2 (12.2); tarsus, 29.7—-32.0 (30.8); middle toe, 21.1-23.4 (22.6).? Adult female.—Dull black, the under parts, especially throat, some- times dark sooty brownish; back and scapulars very faintly, the wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail strongly, glossed with bluish green; neck ruffs much less developed than in the male; length (skins), 165.1-205.7 (186.4); wing, 97.5-106.7 (102.9); tail, 64.0-74.7 (73.1); culmen, from base, 19.8-21.3 (20.6); depth of bill at base, 10.4-11.2 (10.9); tarsus, 26.2-29.7 (27.9); middle toe, 19.8—21.8 (20.8).? Young male.—Dull sooty black or dark sooty, the feathers of the under parts of the body with more or less distinct narrow margins of paler; mandible brownish basally. Young female.—Paler and grayer than the young male; above sepia or grayish sepia, beneath paler and grayer, with indistinct paler nar- row margins to the feathers. Southern Texas (breeding north to San Antonio), through eastern Mexico (States of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, northern Oaxaca, and Yucatan) and Central America to Veragua (to Isthmus of Panama‘). Molothrus xneus (not Psarocolius xneus Wagler) ScuarerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 300 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); (?) 381 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds; 1862, 185 (Jalapa); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 334, part (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca?; n. Yucatan; Choectum and Duefias, Guatemala; Orosf, Costa Rica; Calobre and Chitra, Veragua).—Satvin and Scrater, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duefias, Guatemala) .— Owen, Ibis, 1861, 61 (San Gerdnimo, Guatemala; descr. eggs).—CABANIS, Journ. fir Orn., 1861, 81 (San José, Costa Rica).—Cassry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 18, part (Jalapa; Yucatan; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Pan- ama).—LAwkeEnceE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San José, Costa Rica).— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552 (hot and temp. regions, Vera Cruz).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 191 (Calobre and Chitra, Veragua); Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 265 (Guatemala).—MerriL1, Bull. 1 Fourteen specimens. * Fourteen specimens. Yucatan specimens compare in average measurements with those from other locali- ties as follows: | Culmen | Depth : Locality. Wing. | Tail. from | of bill | Tarsus. Mia base. .|at base. : MALES. Nine adu!t males from southern Texas to Costa Rica (exceptwwueatan)) ccc Geese. ieee ee cess eee eee |} 116.1 78.7 23 122, 30.5 22.6 Five adult males from Yucatan...............-..-.. 116.8 80.3 23.4 12.9 31.5 22.6 FEMALES. Nine adult females from southern Texas to Costa | Rica (except Yucatan). 2 -s25- se ances han eee |e O26 70.1 20.8 10.9 27.4 20,8 Five adult females from Yucatan...............-..- 103.4 71.9 | 20.1 10.9 29 20.8 CARE Ore eth aes BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 208 Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 88 (Fort Brown, Texas); 11, 1877, 85 (do.; habits); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 130 (do.).—Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 36; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 59 (San José, Costa Rica); 1888, 445 (n. Yucatan).—Brewer, Ibis, 1878, 116 (Fort Brown, Texas; descr. eggs).— Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 130, part (synonymy; diagnosis) ; ix, 1886, 151 (crit.; Chietla, etc., Puebla; Jalapa); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 259.—Covgs and SEnneEtT, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv., 1878, 23 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas; habits, synonymy, diagnosis, etc. ).—Sennett, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., v, 1879, 396 (Lometa, Texas; habits, measurements, etc.).—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 90.—Covugs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 315.—Nurrine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 392 (La Palma, w. Costa Rica).—ZELEpDoN, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10.—FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 151 (Izucar de Matamoras, Chietla, and Acatlan, Puebla; Jalapa, Vera Cruz) .—Amert- CAN OrniTHOoLoarsts’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 496.—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part (all localities except Mazatlan, Presidio, Manzanillo Bay, and mountains of Colima). [Molothrus] eneus Scuater and Satyrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. M{olothrus] «neus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 403.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. Agelaius eneus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Puente Nacional, Vera Cruz). Icterus bonariensis (not Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin) Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala). M[olothrus] robustus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 193, footnote (Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus.?); Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 81.—Ripa@way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 367, part. C(allothrus] robustus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589; 2d ed., 1896, 600. Callothrus robustus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 594.—ZeELEpon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San José, Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago, and Alajuela, Costa Rica).—Srons, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 208 (Yucatan) , 212 (Orizaba).—CHeErrig, Auk, vii, 1890, 334 (San José, Costa Rica); ix, 1892, 250 (do.)—AtrwatrrR, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas, breed- ing).—RicHmonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 496 (San Carlos, Nica- ragua).—BENpIRE, Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, 599 (descr., geogr. range, habits, etc.); Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 443, pl. 6, fig. 9.—SrnaLey, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 371 (Rio Grande City; Hidalgo).—AmeEriIcaNn OrnitTHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 496.—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 280 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan; habits).—NEHR- LING, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 246. CALLOTHRUS 4AZNEUS AENEUS (Wagler). BRONZED COWBIRD., Similar to C. robustus, but slightly larger, bill relatively stouter, and female very different in coloration. Adult male.—Hardly distinguishable in coloration from the adult male of C. robustus, but rump violet, like the upper tail-coverts, instead of bronzy, like the back, and plumage of the head, neck, and body smoother and more glossy; length (skins), 198.1—228.6 (216.4); wing, 117.1-121.9 (119.1); tail, 81.8-87.9 (84.8); culmen, from base, 204 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 22.4-23.6 (23.1); depth of bill at base, 13-14 (13.2); tarsus, 27.9-30.2 (29.5); middle toe, 22.1—23.4 (22.9).? Adult female.—Above dark mouse gray, the feathers with darker centers, especially on back and scapulars, where slightly glossed with greenish blue; wings and tail grayish dusky, faintly glossed with greenish, the feathers with narrow paler grayish margins, most dis- tinct on smaller wing-coverts; under parts paler mouse gray, some- times indistinctly streaked with darker, the chin and throat paler; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skins), 193-210.8 (194.8); wing, 101.3—-LO7.4 (104.6); tail, 69.1-76.2 (73.4); culmen, from base, 19.3-20.3 (19.8); depth of bill at base, 11.7-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 25.4-27.9 (27.4); middle toe, 20.1-21.1 (20.6):' Young matle.—Similar to the young female of C. robustus but decid- edly paler, especially below; upper parts deep sooty grayish (similar to under parts of young female of C. robustus), the wing-coverts with terminal margins of paler gray; under parts similar but rather paler, indistinctly streaked with dull olive-yellowish, the abdomen inclining to the latter color. (Young female not seen.) Northwestern Mexico, in States of Sonora (Hermosilla) and Sinaloa (Culiacan, Mazatlan, etc.) and Territory of Tepic (San Blas, Acapo- neta, etc.). Psarocolius aeneus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 758 (‘‘ Mexico’’; ex Icterus aeneus Lichten- stein, manuscript; coll. Berlin Mus. ).—Bonaparrr, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 426. A[gelaius] «neus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 346. M[{olothrus] «neus CABANIs, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 192, footnote (Mexico).— Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. Molothrus sneus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 18, part (Mazatlan ).— Lawrencr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281, part (Mazatlan; habits).— Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 334, part (Presidio, near Mazatlan; Mazatlan ).—Satyin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part (Mazatlan; Presidio) . [ Molothrus] «eneus Scharrer and Sauyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. C[allothrus] eneus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589, part; 2d ed., 1896, 600, part. CALLOTHRUS AENEUS ASSIMILIS Nelson. LESSER BRONZED COWBIRD. Similar to C. @. @neus, but smaller. Adult male.—Length (skins), 190.5-200.7 (196.1); wing, 105.2-111.8 (108.7); tail, 74.4-81.5 (77.5); culmen, from base, 20.8-22.6 (21.3); depth of bill at base, 12.4-13 (12.7); tarsus, 27.9-29.5 (28.5); middle toe, 20.3-22.1 (21.3).’ (Adult female and young not seen.) Southwestern Mexico, in States of Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra), Colima 'Six specimens. * Four specimens. on BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 205 (Manzanillo), Guererro (Acapulco), and Pacific slope of Oaxaca (Ta- pana, province of Tehuantepec). Molothrus xeneus (not Psarocolius aeneus Wagler) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 18, part (Manzanillo Bay, Colima).—Lawrencr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281, part (Manzanillo Bay; mountains of Colima); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Tapana, proy. Tehuantepec, Oaxaca ).—ScLaTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 334, part.—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1886, 451, part (Manzanillo Bay, ete., Colima; Tapana, Oaxaca). [ Molothrus] xneus ScuaTeR and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 37, part. M[olothrus] xneus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367, part. C[allothrus] zneus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589, part; 2d ed., 1896, 600, part. Callothrus xneus assimilis NEtson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266 (Acapulco, Guerrero, 8. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Genus MOLOTHRUS Swainson. Molothrus Swatnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 277; App., 1, 494. (Type, Frin- gilla pecoris Gmelin, = Oriolus ater Boddaert.) Molobrus (emendation) SrernserG, Journ. fiir Orn., Xvii, 1869, 125. Hypobletis GLocrr, Hand-u. Hilfsb. d. Nat., 1842, 260. (Type, Fringilla pecoris Gmelin, = Oriolus ater Boddaert. ) Cyanothrus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Mar., 1866, 19. (Type, Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin. ) Cyrtotes Reicnensacu, Ay. Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. 73. (Type, Icterus maxillaris Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny, = Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin. ) (?) Agelaioides Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 15. (Type, Agelaius badius Vieillot. ) Small, semiterrestrial, parasitic Icteride with short conical bill, rather long and pointed wings, and plain or uniform coloration. Bill much shorter than head, conical, compressed, with straight or nearly straight outlines, its depth at base about equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, or a little less, its basal width decidedly less; culmen straight or very slightly convex, sometimes elevated and slightly arched posteriorly, more or less flattened, especially between the nostrils; gonys straight or faintly convex, slightly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; commissure nearly straight to near base, where deflexed to the rictus, the maxillary tomium some- times more or less convex in middle portion. Nostril small, roundish, or oblong, with membrane above and behind, its posterior end touch- ing feathering of frontal antiw. Wing moderate or rather long (less than five to nearly seven times as long as culmen, three and a half to more than four times as long as tarsus), pointed; wing-tip variable in length, from less than length of culmen (in JZ. badius) to more than twice as long (in VM. rufo-arillaris); tertials not produced;! ninth (outer- most) primary longer than fifth, usually longer than sixth, sometimes 'The drawing of generic details is incorrect in showing a projection of the longest tertial. 206 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. longest; longest primaries may be the ninth, ninth and eighth, eighth and seventh, or seventh, sixth, and fifth; longer primaries usu- ally with inner webs not appreciably sinuated, though sometimes the first and second are faintly so; in one species (J/. atronitens) the inner webs of first four have minute angular projections, much as in Ca//o- thrus. Tail from two-thirds to five-sixths as long as wing, even or slightly rounded. Tarsus much longer than culmen, less than one- fourth to nearly one-third as long as wing, the anterior scutella dis- tinct: middle toe, with claw, a little shorter than tarsus; lateral toe with claws reaching about to base of middle claw; hallux slightly shorter than lateral toes, much stouter, its claws shorter than the digit; all the claws acute and strongly curved. Coloration.—Adult males uniform black, more or less glossy, with or without brown head and neck; adult females plain grayish or brown- ish (usually indistinctly streaked below), that of one species uniform black; young distinctly streaked below. (In two South American species both sexes are plain brownish gray or light brown, with wings largely rusty.) Range.—Temperate and tropical America in general, except West Indies’ and Central America. With the exception of three or four species, the members of this genus agree very well with one another in structural characters, the differences being slight and immaterial. Of these aberrant species J/. rufo-axillaris is most different, the wing and tail being proportionally longer, the latter more rounded, and the bill rather shorter and thicker. In this species, only, the female is black, like the male. In I. badius and its near relative, I. fringillarius, the wing is very short and rounded, exceeding the tail in length by less than the length of the culmen; the ninth primary is shorter than the fourth, the fifth being nearly if not quite equal to the longest, and the nostrils linear instead of rounded. In these two species the coloration is very differ- ent from that of any other, both sexes being light brown or brown- ish gray with the wings mostly cinnamon-rufous, and they are said to be nonparasitic, building their own nest and rearing their young in the usual fashion. M. atronitens has the bill relatively longer and narrower than the other species, and the inner webs of the three outer primaries instead of being very faintly or not at all sinuated have an angular projection of the margin, much as in the species of Callothrus, but much less pronounced, and there seems also to be a slight development of the neck-ruffs of that genus. The habits of some species are scarcely, if at all raeai but, while of the three species of the Argentine Republic two (JZ bonariensis and 14 South American species (M. bonariensis or M. atronitens) is said to have been introduced into St. Thomas and Vieque. a ae? ee howe. ob Sa ~~ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 207 M. rufo-axillaris) always lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, their habits in this respect being quite the same as those of the typical North American species (J/. ater), the third (J/. badius) always builds its own nest and rears its own young in the usual fashion. This fact, taken in connection with the very different proportions of the prima- ries and the peculiar coloration, alluded to above, may necessitate the adoption of the name Ag/azo/des Cassin fora genus containing JZ. badius and M. fringillarius. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MOLOTHRUS, a. General color glossy black. b. Head and neck brown. (Molothrus ater, adult male. ) c. Larger (wing averaging 110.5, tail 75.2, culmen, from base, 18). (More southern British provinces to plateau of Mexico.) Molothrus ater ater, adult male (p. 207) ce. Smaller (wing averaging 100.3, tail 68.8, culmen, from base, 16.3). (Mexico and adjacent portion of United States. ) Molothrus ater obscurus, adult male (p. 210) bb. Head and neck glossy violet-black, like rest of plumage. (Guiana; Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Grenada and Grenadines. ) Molothrus atronitens, adult male (p. 211) aa. General color grayish or brownish. (Adult females and young. ) b. Longest primaries exceeding secondaries by much more than length of tarsus. ( Molothrus ater, adult female.) c. Larger (wing averaging 101.1, culmen 16.) Molothrus ater ater, adult female (p. 207) ce. Smaller (wing averaging 90.7, culmen 15.) Molothrus ater obscurus, adult female (p. 210) bb. Longest primaries exceeding secondaries by not more than length of tarsus. Molothrus atronitens, adult female (p. 212) MOLOTHRUS ATER ATER (Boddaert). COWBIRD. Adult male.—Head, neck, and upper chest plain brown (varying from broccoli brown or drab to warm clove brown); rest of plumage glossy greenish black, the gloss usually more violet (often distinctly so) on upper back, next to brown of hindneck; bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown; length (skins), 167.6-194.3 (179.3); wing, 105.4— 115.8 (110.5); tail, 70.1-80 (75.2); culmen, from base, 17.3-19.6 (18); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.7 (12.2); tarsus, 24.1-28.2 (26.7); middle toe, 16.5-20.8 (18.5).* Adult female.—Above brownish gray, faintly glossed with greenish, the feathers with darker centers and blackish shaft-streaks, especially on back; wings and tail more dusky brownish gray with paler edgings, these nearly white on longer primaries; under parts paler brownish gray or hair brown, usually more or less distinctly streaked (nar- rowly) with darker, the chin and throat much paler (sometimes almost 1Fourteen specimens. 208 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dull whitish), and, together with the chest, unstreaked; maxilla brown- ish black or dusky brown; mandible brownish, dusky at tip; iris brown; length (skins), 154.9-180.3 (165.9); wing, 93.5-104.6 (101.1); tail, 61.7-70.4 (66.8); culmen, from base, 15.2-17 (16); depth of bill at base, 10.2-11.2 (10.9); tarsus, 24.1-26.4 (25.4); middle toe, 15.7-18.8 (17).’ Young male.—Above varying from dark hair brown to sooty gray- ish brown, the feathers with narrow pale grayish brown and whitish margins (these usually indistinct and often obsolete on pileum and hindneck), the wing-coverts and tertials more broadly and conspicu- ously margined with dull buffy whitish; under parts conspicuously streaked with sooty grayish brown or hair brown and dull buffy or whitish, the latter on margins or lateral edges of feathers, the darker color prevailing anteriorly; maxilla dark brownish, mandible paler; legs and feet brownish. Young female.—Similar to the young male but paler, especially the under parts, which are principally dull light buffy streaked with gray- ish brown. Temperate North America in general, except portions of Pacific coast; north to about 49° in more eastern portions, to 55° 30’ (Little Slave Lake, etc.) in the interior; west to British Columbia (both sides of Cas- cade range), Washington, Oregon, Nevada, and southeastern Califor- nia; south in winter to central and southeastern Mexico (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Huexotitla, Puebla; Hacienda San Juan Capis- trano, Zacatecas; Cozumel Island, Yucatan, etc.); breeding south to Georgia (Wayne and MelIntosh counties), Louisiana (Petite Anse Island), and Texas (Harris and Bexar counties). Oriolus ater Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 37 (based on Troupiale, dela Caroline, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 606, fig. 1). [ Molothrus] ater Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 36, no. 6507. Molothrus ater Cours, Check List, 1873, 43, footnote; 2d ed., 1882, no. 3138; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 667 (n. Texas).—Barrp, Orn. Simpson’s Exp., 1876, 379 (Utah).—Ripeaway, Field and Forest, 1877, 208 (Colorado) ; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881], no. 258; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 151 (Huexotitla, Puebla; crit.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 310.—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 123 (deser. young).—MerrriL1, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1 Fifteen specimens. Eastern specimens and a smaller western series average as follows: Culmen, Depth : Locality. | Wing. | Tail. | from | of bill | Tarsus. Middle | | 5 | = toe. | | base. jat base. MALES. | | Ten adult males from east of Great Plains........-.-- 109.5 74.7 18 123A 2 26.4 17.8 Four adult males from Great Plains and westward...) 112.8 76.2 18.5 11.9 QT 20.1 FEMALES. Ten adult females from east of Great Plains......... i, = AG; 66 1527 10.9 24.9 16.5 Five adult females from Great Plains and westward.) 101.3 68.1 16.3 | 10.4 26.2 18 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 209 i, 1878, 130 (Fort Brown, Texas, winter resid. ).—CHAMBERLAIN, Bull. i, N. H. Soe. N. B., 1882, 41 (New Brunswick, rare summer resid. ).—Spetman, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 121 (Belmont, Massachusetts, Jan. 2; 2 specs. ).— Damon, Auk, ii, 1885, 309 (Lockport, w. New York, winter).—AMERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 495.—Srron, Auk, iii, 1886, 321 (w. Manitoba, summer).—FeErRARI-PEREz, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 151 (Huexotitla, Puebla, Nov. ).—Cooxker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 161 (dates, etc. ). —THompson Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 571 (Manitoba).—Arrwa- TER, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas; breeding ?).—Benprrg, Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, 590, pls. 1, 2, 3 (deser., syn., range, habits, ete. ); Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 590, pl. 6, figs. 3-6.—Spauutpine, Auk, xii, 1895, 182 (Lancaster, New Hampshire, Jan. 18).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 240, pl. 17, figs. 2, 3.—Kwyicut, Bull. 3, Univ. Maine, 1897, 86 (Maine, summer resid.) .—Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (British Columbia, both sides of Cascades). Molothrus ater . . . a. ater Ripaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 501 (upper Hum- boldt Valley, Nevada, Aug. 31; Truckee Reservation, Nevada, June; Parleys Park and Bear River valley, Utah, June). M[(olothrus] ater Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 402.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367. [ Fringilla] pecoris GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 910 (=female; based on Fringilla pecoris Brisson, Orn., iii, 165, etc.).—LatTHAm, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 443. F[ringilla] pecoris LicntTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 23. Emberiza pecoris Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 145, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 3. Passerina pecoris Vir1tLoT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxv, 1819, 22. Icterus pecoris Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1824; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 58.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 178.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 493, pl. 99; v., 1839, 233, 400, pl. 424. Ps[arocolius| pecoris WAGLER, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 30, part; Isis, 1831, 527. (?) Agelaus pecoris Swanson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 436. Molothrus pecoris Swarnson, Fauna, Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 277.—Bonaparre, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 139; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 16, pl. 212.—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 524; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 400.—SciaTer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, part; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 333, part (Cozumel I., Yucatan; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, ete.).—VERRILL, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 151 (Oxford Co., Maine, breeding).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 17 (monogr.).—Tripprr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 291 (biography ).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 257.—Cours, Check List, 1873, no. 211; Birds N. W., 1874, 180, part.—Barirp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 154, part, pl. 32, figs. 6, 7.—Grntry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 96 (habits).—HeEnsHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 312, part (Provo, Utah; Denver and Pueblo, Colorado).—Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 131.—Bickneui, Auk, ii, 1885, 152 (song).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 450, part. [Molothrus] pecoris Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 436.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 155.—Scuater and Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37. M[olothrus] pecoris CaBANts, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 192. [Molothrus pecoris] a. pecoris Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 180 (synonymy). Molobrus pecoris SUNDEVALL, Meth. Ay. Nat. Disp. Tent., 1872, 22. (?) [Oriolus] fuscus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Brown-headed Oriole Pennant, Arct. Zool., ii, 260). 3654—_voL 2—01——_14 210 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (2) [Oriolus] minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 394 (based on Petit Troupaile noir Buffon, Hist. Nat. des Ois., iii, 221). Fringilla ambigua Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 484 (= young). Icterus emberizoides ‘‘ Bose.’’ Daupin, Traité Orn., ii, 1800, 350 (= Oriolus fuscus Gmelin). [ Molothrus pecoris] a. Subsp. typica ScuatEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 334, in list of specimens. MOLOTHRUS ATER OBSCURUS (Gmelin). DWARF COWBIRD. Similar to J/. a. ater in coloration, but decidedly smaller. Adult male.—Length (skins), 152.4-180.3 (168.6); wing, 96-104.1 (100.3); tail, 61.7-72.9 (68.8); culmen, from base, 15.7-17.8 (16.3); depth of bill at base, 8.4-10.2 (9.1); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (24.1); middle toe, 16.3-18.3 (17.5).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 142.2-160 (152.4); wing, 85.6-94 (90.7); tail, 57.7-66.5 (62.2); culmen, from base, 14-15.7 (15); depth of bill at base, 9.1-10.9 (9.9); tarsus, 22.4-23.6 (22.9); middle toe, 15.2-16.8 (16). Greater part of Mexico, including Lower California, and contiguous portion of United States; north to southern Texas (Cameron, Lam- pasas, Harris, Tom Green, and Concho counties) and Arizona (Fort Whipple, Mogollon Mountains, Tucson, Riverside, etc.); south to Oaxaca (Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, Tehuantepec City, etc¢.), Colima (Man- zanilla Bay), Jalisco (Bolafios), ete. [Sturnus] obscurus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 804 (based on Sturnus nove- hispanix Brisson, Orn., ii, 448). Molothrus obscurus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., xviii, 1866, 18 (monogr.; Miraflores, Lower California; Colima and Manzanillo, w. Mexico) .—Cooperr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 260 (Cape St. Lucas; s. Arizona; n. w. Mexico).—BREWER, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 123 (Fort Brown, Texas; descr. eggs). [ Molothrus] obscurus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 36, no. 6508. [ Molothrus pecoris.] Var. obscurus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 155.—HEN- sHAw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 312 (Gila R., Arizona). 1 Sixteen specimens. * Fifteen specimens. Specimens from different areas compare in average measurements as follows: Culmen,! Depth AT; Locality. | Wing. | Tail. from of bill | Tarsus. N ae | | | base. | at base. MALES. ; Eight adult males from Arizona................-... | 98.6 | 67.3 16 9.1 23.6 17.5 Two adult males from Lower California.........-- 100.3 69.9 16 8.9 23.6 17.3 Six adult males from southern Texas.............. 102.4 70.6 | 16.8 el 24.9 17.5 FEMALES. | Nine adult females from Arizona, Lower Califor- | nia, and) Sonora .i.5<-- osha ne se ee eee eee ees | 90.2 61.7 14,2 9.4 22.9 16.3 Five adult females from southern Texas ........-.- | 91.2 62.2 15. 2 10.4 22.9 16 . 3 (eae we AAT Pana Be a BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Del: Molothrus pecoris . . . var. obscurus Cours, Check List, 1873, no. 211a.—HEn- sHAw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873 (1874), 160 (s. Arizona). _ Molothrus pecoris var. obscurus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pl. 32, fig. 8—Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 280 (Mazatlan; Manzanillo Bay; habits); Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca, Oct. ). [ Molothrus pecoris] b. obscurus Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 180 (synonymy). M[olothrus] ater var. obscurus Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 180, in text. Molothrus ater var. obseurus Merrit, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 130 (Fort Brown, Texas; summer resid.). Molothrus ater obscurus Cours and Srennerr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 22 (Brownsville, Texas; habits).—Srnnert, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., v, 1879, 396 (Lometa, Texas; habits, descr. eggs, etc.).—Ripa@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 182, 218, 232; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 258a.—Covurs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 314.— Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 40 (Boerne, Kendall Co., Texas, Jan., Feb.).—NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 166 (Houston, Texas, breeding).—Brewstrr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 200 (Tucson and Santa Rita Mts., Arizona).—BE.Lprine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 546, 547 (San José del Cabo, Lower California); vi, 1883, 348 (Guaymas, Sonora ).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Untion, Check List, 1886, no. 495a.— FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 151 (Puebla, Nov. ).—Scort, Auk, iv, 1887, 22 (Riverside, Tucson, Florence, etc., Arizona).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 162 (Tom Green and Concho counties, Texas, summer).—Merarns, Auk, vii, 1890, 257 (Mogollon Mts., Arizona, sum- mer).—AtTrwaTER, Auk, ix, 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas).—BENDIRE, Rep. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1898, 597 (geog. range, habits, etc.); Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 441, pl. 6, figs. 7, 8. [ Molothrus pecoris.] b. Subsp. obscura Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 334, in list of specimens. M{olothrus] a{ter] obscurus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 402. M[olothrus] ater obscurus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 367. (?) Agelaus pecoris (not Fringilla pecoris Gmelin?) Swarnson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 436 (near City of Mexico). (?) Psarocolius pecoris WAGuER, Isis, 1831, 527 (Mexico). (?) Molothrus pecoris ScuATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 213 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); 1860, 252 (Orizaba); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, part (Jalapa) ; Ibis, 1884, 3, part (monogr. ). Molothrus pecoris ScLaTER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 333, part (City of Mexico; Mazatlan).—HEErRMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., x, pt. iv. 1859, 52 (Fort Yuma, New Mexico; Texas).—Batrp, Rep. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 1, 1859, 18 (Texas; Nuevo Leon, etc).—Covurs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, Arizona).—Satvrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 450, part (most Mexican references and localities. ) [Sturnus] junceti LarHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 326 (same basis as S. obscurus Gmelin). MOLOTHRUS ATRONITENS (Cabanis). GLOSSY COWBIRD. Adult male.—Head, neck, back, scapulars, and under partsas far back as flanks and upper portion of abdomen uniform silky violet-black, the gloss rather more reddish violet or purple on the breast and sides; 212 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lesser and middle wing-coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, lower abdo- men, and anal region glossy blue- black, the first, also the upper por- tion of the rump, tinged with violet; wings (except smaller coverts), tail, and under tail-coverts glossy greenish black; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skins), 165.1-185.4 (172.7); wing, 93.2-98.3 (95); tail, 69.6—74.9 (71.9); culmen, from base, 17.3-18.5 (17.8); depth of bill at base, 9.7—-9.9 (9.7); tarsus, 21.3-22.1 (21.6); middle toe, 19.3.' Adult female.—Pileum dark grayish brown; rest of upper parts lighter grayish brown, palest (dark smoke gray or brownish mouse gray) on rump, the scapulars and interscapulars with rather distinct dusky mesial streaks; wings and tail dusky with grayish brown edg- ings; under parts light grayish brown (hair brown) medially, darker hair brown laterally, the chin and upper throat very pale hair brown or pale buffy grayish; biil, legs, and feet black; length (skin), 150.9; wing, 87.1; tail, 64.5; culmen, from base, 16.5; depth of bill at base, 8.9; tarsus, 19.1; middle toe, 17.3.* Northern coast district of South America, in Guiana and Venezueia; Trinidad; Tobago; Grenadines (Curriacoa), Lesser Antilles; Vieque (near St. Thomas), Greater Antilles (introduced 4). Molothrus atronitens CABANIS, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 682 (British Guiana).—Finscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 576 (Trinidad ).— PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 200.—(?) Bertepscu, Journ. ftir Orn., 1873, 249 (Proy. Santa Catarina, s. Brazil).—Scuarer, Ibis, 1884, 6 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 337, excl. syn. part (Venezuela; Trinidad; Dem- erara, British Guiana; Oyapoc, Cayenne; Mexiana I., lower Amazon).— Strong, Auk, viii, 1891, 346 (monogr.).—Cory, Auk, x, 1898, 220 (Tobago). Molothrus atro-nitens CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 36 (Trinidad). M{olothrus] atronitens CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 193 (Cayenne ?). [ Molothrus] atronitens ScLATER and Sayin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 37. M[olothrus] bonariensis (not Tanagra bonariensis Gmelin) CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 1938, part (Venezuela). (2?) Molothrus bonariensis Cory, Revised List Birds W. I., 1886, 35 (St. Thomas; introduced ?); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 124 ( Vieque; introduced ?). Molothrus sericeus (not Icterus sericeus Lichtenstein) ScLaterR, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 135, part (Trinidad ).—(?) Newron, Ibis, 1860, 308, in text ( Vieque, West Indies). Lampropsar guianensis (not of Cabanis) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 22. (?) Molothrus discolor (not Passerina discolor Vieillot) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 20, part (Trinidad). ’ Genus QUISCALUS Vieillot. Quiscalus VietttotT, Analyse, 1816, 36. (Type, @. versicolor Vieillot,=Gracula quiscula Linnzeus. ) Quiscala LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1828, 18. Scaphidurus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 437 (substitute for Quiscalus Vieillot). Scaphura (emendation) GuLocrer, Hand-u. Hilfsb., 1842, 261 eee ' Three specimens. * One specimen. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ONS Medium-sized or rather large semiterrestrial Icteride, with long, graduated, and plicate’ tail; anteriorly truncated and very prominent median palatal ridge; bill about as long as head and strongly decurved at tip; color black, with various and strongly contrasted metallic (green, blue, violet, and bronze) hues. Bill about as long as head or a little longer, elongate-conical, but upper outline decidedly convex terminally and decurved at tip, its basal depth less than one-half the length of culmen, but equal to or more than one-half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, the basal width a little less; culmen nearly straight (sometimes faintly depressed) in middle, convex terminally, with strongly decurved tip, elevated and usually slightly arched basally, distinctly ridged but the ridge broad and rounded; gonys straight or nearly so, sometimes faintly concave terminally, sometimes faintly convex basally, slightly shorter than maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium slightly convex in middle, slightly concave anteriorly and subbasally, strongly deflexed from beneath nostril to rictus; mandibular tomium convex terminally, straight or slightly concave in middle, more or less convex and ele- vated opposite palatal ridge, then slightly deflexed for a short distance, strongly deflexed from beneath nostril to rictus. Nostril more or less triangular (obtusely pointed anteriorly), posteriorly in contact with feathering of loral antiz, overhung by a rather broad membraneous or subcorneous operculum. Wing moderate (less than four to more than four times as long as culmen, three and a half to nearly four times as long as tarsus), the tip moderately produced (about equal in length to tarsus or intermediate between length of tarsus and length of culmen), subtruncate; ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between seventh and sixth, between sixth and fifth, or equal to fifth; eighth and seventh or eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest; inner web of three outer primaries slightly but distinctly sinuated, but the middle portion not conspicuously widened. Tail plicate, shorter than wing (the differ- ence equal to about one-fourth to one-third the length of culmen), graduated for a little less than length of culmen, the rectrices (except middle pair) widest terminally and with obliquely subtruncated tips, the inner web usually a little longer than the outer. Tarsus slightly longer than culmen, with anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; lateral toes with claws falling decidedly short of base of middle claw; hallux equal in length to lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; claws only moderately curved. 1Capable of being folded vertically so that a transverse section is V-shaped, the two edges being brought near together when flying. On account of this folding and the graduated form of the tip, the effect, when the bird is flying, is very peculiar, the tail appearing as if much longer on one side than on the other. 214 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Coloration.—Blackish, with glossy sheen of various strongly con- trasted metallic hues of green, blue, violet, purple, and bronze; the female smaller and less brilliant in color than the male. PRange.—Kastern North America. (Monotypic?)* KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF QUISCALUS. a. Plumage of back, scapulars, ramp, and under parts of body varied with several metallic hues, dark bronzy green or purplish bronze prevailing; lesser and middle wing-coverts violet or purple, tipped with metallic blue, green, or bronze. b. Larger, except bill and feet; wing of adult male averaging 143.8, tail 135.6; adult female averaging, wing 127.8, tail 112; individual variation in plumage very great. (Atlantic coast district of United States, from eastern end of Long Island Sound to South Carolina; eastern Tennessee; occasional in lower Mississippi Valleys)... 22% 252 Soe ses coe Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (p. 215) bb. Smaller, except bill and feet; adult male averaging, wing 133.1, tail 121.1; adult female averaging, wing 119, tail 106.2; individual variation in plum- age very slight. (Peninsula of Florida and along Gulf coast to Louisiana. ) Quiscalus quiscula agleus (p. 217) aa. Plumage of back, scapulars, rump, and under parts of body perfectly uniform bronze or brassy olive; lesser and middle wing-coverts entirely bronzy purple or purplish bronze. (Whole interior of North America and whole of New Mngland (except coast of Long Island Sound) and northward; south to Texas, west to Rocky Mountains; occasional during migration along Atlantic coast. ) Quiscalus quiscula eneus (p. 219) When the real distinctive characters of Q. g. quiscula and @. q. wneus ave kept in mind there should not be the slightest difficulty in recognizing them as very distinct forms. In the first place, it is impor- tant to know that the color of the head, neck, and chest is not of the slightest value as a distinctive character, since it varies equally in both forms, from goiden green to reddish purple. In Q. g. guéscula, how- ever, the brilliant color of the head, neck, and chest, while often very sharply defined posteriorly, gives way to a color which varies from dark bronzy green to violet-purple, but always more or less broken by other metallic colors, largely in the form of bars of different hues upon the individual feathers, while the lesser and middle wing-coverts are tipped with a metallic color (blue passing through green into bronze or golden terminally) conspicuously different from the violet-purple of the basal portion. In Q. g. @neus, on the other hand, the brilliant color of the head, neck, and chest (whether it be violet, blue, green, or brassy) gives way at once to a golden bronze or brassy hue, which extends, absolutely unbroken by other hues, over the entire back, scapulars, rump, and under parts of the body (except chest), while the smaller wing-coverts are either wholly reddish purple or else tipped with golden bronze, never with blue nor green. Y. g. agleus is not distinguishable as to coloration from many exam- ples of Q. g. quiscula, the differences consisting in its smaller size with 1Tf Q. wneus be considered a subspecies of Q. quiscula, then the genus is monotypic; otherwise it consists of two species. ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 915 relatively larger bill and feet; but while Q. g. guiscula is so excess- ively variable in coloration that scarcely two specimens are exactly alike, Q. g. aglwus is remarkably uniform, and the general color of the back, scapulars, and under parts is always a dark bronzy green, this color being rather the exception in Q. g. guéscula, in which more purplish hues prevail. On account of the very slight individual variation of color in Q. 4. agleus and (. q. eneus and the excessive variability of (. g. guiscula, together with the remarkable geographic distribution of the three forms, which does not in the least conform to faunal areas,’ Mr. Chapman has suggested,’ and well-nigh proven, that Q. quéscula and Q. wneus are distinct species, which interbreed in the district where their breeding ranges come together, the former being of ** pure blood” chiefly in the form known as Q. q. aglwus, Q. 9. quiscula being chiefly a hybrid form. My own opinion in the matter exactly coincides with Mr. Chapman’s; but since so many forms now ranked as subspecies are similarly involved I prefer, at present, to leave the question in abeyance. QUISCALUS QUISCULA QUISCULA (Linnzus). PURPLE GRACKLE, Adult male.—Head, neck, and chest varying in color from metallic reddish violet to golden green*; prevailing color of back and scapu- lars varying from bronzy purple or polished bronze to metallic olive- green or bottle green, but this always more or less broken by bars (mostly concealed, except on scapulars) of metallic green, blue, bronze, or purple (or all these tints); rump varying in color from purplish bronze to violet, the color usually more or less broken by admixture of other metallic hues; prevailing color of wings violet or purple (the primaries, primary-coverts, and alula usually more bluish, sometimes biuish green); the lesser and middle coverts usually banded, more or less conspicuously, with purple, blue, green, golden, etc.; tail dark purple, violet, blue, or green, or (in worn or faded plumage) black glossed with one of these colors; under parts (posterior to chest) me- tallic purple, violet, blue, green, etc., the color varying in different parts, sometimes mixed with golden bronze; bill, legs, and feet black; iris pale yellow or yellowish white; length (skins), 275.6-299.7 1Q. q. eneus breeds from southern Texas to the Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, and does not vary in coloration throughout this enormous extent of territory. 2Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, 1892, pp. 1-20. This article of Mr. Chap- man’s is a most excellent one, and discusses the question of the relationship of the three forms with a detail which is impossible here. It should be carefully read by those who desire further information on the subject. ’ Whatever the general color of the head, neck, and chest, the anterior portion of the head is usually more bluish than the posterior portion, but occasionally the neck and chest are bluer than the head; the color is rarely, if ever, uniform throughout. 916 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (285.2); wing, 137.7-146.8 (143.8); tail, 129.5-139.7 (135.6); curmen, from base, 32.5-36.3 (83.8); depth of bill at base, 12.2-13.7 (13); tarsus, 34.3-38.4 (36.6); middle toe, 25.1-26.7 (25.7).! Adult female.—Decidedly smaller than the male and much duller in color, the metallic hues more subdued, sometimes very faint; length (skins), 236.2-256.5 (251.7); wing, 122.4-133.9 (127.8); tail, 101.6—- 122.7 (112); culmen, from base, 27.9-30.2 (29.2); depth of bill at base, 11.9-13 (12.4); tarsus, 32.8-36.1 (34.3); middle toe, 22.1-25.4 (23 4).1 Young.—Uniform sooty, rather paler below, where sometimes showing indistinct streaks of darker. Atlantic coast district of United States, east of Alleghenies; north to lower Hudson Valley and northern shores of Long Island Sound; breeding south to uplands of Alabama (Greensboro, Anniston, Coosada, ete.), Georgia, and the Carolinas, to Virginia (7) along the coast; occa- sional on western side of Alleghenies, in eastern Tennessee (Roane County, March, April). [Gracula] quiscula Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 109 (based on Moneaula purpurea Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 12, ete., ‘“America septentrionale) ;”’ ed. 12, i, 1766, 165.—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 397.—LatHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 191. Gracula quiscola Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 44, pl. 21, fig. 4. Ch{alcophanes] quiscalus CaBANIs, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 196. Sturnus quiscala Daupin, Traité d’Orn., ii, 1800, 316. Q[uiscalus] quiscula JorpAaN, Man. Vert. E. N. Am., 4th ed., 1884, 93. Quiscalus quiscula AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 511.— Fox, Auk, ili, 1886, 318 (Roane Co., Tennessee, Mar., Apr.—Brewster. Auk, vii, 1890, 208 (Charleston, South Carolina, 1 spec. Nov. 30).—CHaApMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 3 (descr.; geog. range; crit.).—BrNpDIRE, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 497, pl. 7, figs. 21-23.—Youne, Auk, xiii, 1896, 283 (Hazleton, Pottsville, and Nescopeck, Pennsylvania, breeding). Q[uiscalus] quiscula Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. Quiscalus versicolor ViEttLot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 488 (‘‘ North America’’); Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 171, pl. 108.—Bonaparrs, Am. Orn., i, 1825, 45, pl. 5, fig. 1; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 54; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.—Nvurratit, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Canada, i, 1832, 194, part.—AvupDuUBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 35, part, pl. vii, fig. 1; v, 1839, 481, part; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 58, part, pl. 221.—(?) Swarnson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 298.—HaLpEMANN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1841, 54.—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 555, part (Carlisle, Pennsyl- vania; Washington, District of Columbia); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 421, part.—Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140 (e. United States); Ibis, 1884, 154, part (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, part.—Couxrs, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina).—TuRNBuwLL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 25 (Mar. to Nov.). [ Quiscalus] versicolor BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. Gracula barita (not of Linnzeus) Orp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1818, 254. (2?) Quliscalus] nitens LicutENsTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 18. (2?) Quiscalus purpuratus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 298 (North America). 1'Ten specimens. a ee ee ee eee ee) eee Olt! ye Ps aided eee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. DAG Q[uiscalus] purpuratus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 424. Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 403, part (ex Gracula purpurea Bartram, Tray. Florida, 1791, 290,= nomen nudum).—Ripaway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 133 (crit.) ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 183, 278; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 278.— Covers, Check List, 1873, no. 225, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 335; Birds N. W. 1874, 203, part (in synonymy).—Barrp, Brewer, and Rinaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214, part, pl. 37, fig. 1—Merriam, Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, 1877, 46 (Connecticut, summer resid.).—Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 148 part.—Warren, Rep. Penn. Board Agric. for 1883, 214-217 (habits, food, ete. ). [ Quiscalus] purpureus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160, part. Q[wiscalus] purpureus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 413. [Quiscalus purpureus] var. purpureus Rrpaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 213. [Quiscalus purpureus.] Var. purpureus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N- Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 215. j [Quiscalus purpureus] a. purpureus Cours, Birds, N. W., 1874, 203 (synonymy ). (?) Quiscalus purpureus var. agleus (not Quiscalus agleus, Baird?) Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 10 (Coosada, Alabama, resident). Q[uiscalus] versicolor typicus Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, in text. [Quiscalus versicolor] a. Subsp. typica ScuarEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 395, in list of specimens (Pennsylvania; Maryland; Virginia). QUISCALUS QUISCULA AGLUS (Baird). FLORIDA GRACKLE, Similar to Q. g. quéscula, but decidedly smaller (except bill and feet), and coloration far less variable; adult male with color of head, neck, and chest varying from dark purplish bronze to violet (the head usually more bluish); back, scapulars, and sides of breast dark olive-green or dull bottle green, often nearly uniform, but always with at least con- cealed bars of other metallic hues; rump varying from purplish bronze to violet, usually more or less spotted with steel blue, bronze, etc. ; abdomen and under tail-coverts dark violet, sometimes mixed with dark blue; prevailing color of wings varying from violet-purple to steel blue (the color most pronounced on greater coverts and secondaries), the middle and lesser coverts more or less barred with various metallic hues (as in Y. g. quiscula). Adult male.—Length (skins), 276.9-297.2 (285.2); wing, 129-135.9 (133.1); tail, 116.1-128.5 (121.2); culmen, from base, 31-35.1 (33.3); depth of bill at base, 11.7-13.2 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.3 (36.6); middle toe, 24.4-26.7 (25.4).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 233. 7-261.6 (250.2); wing, 116.6-124.5 (119.1); tail, 100.8-111 (106.2); culmen, from base, 29.2-31.2 (30.2); ‘Ten specimens. 218 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. depth of bill at base, 10.7—-13 (11.9); tarsus, 33.3-34.8 (83.8); middle toe, 21.8-23.6 (22.9). Peninsula of Florida, along the Gulf coast to Louisiana (Mandeville, New Orleans, St. James Parish, Jefferson Parish, West Baton Rouge Parish, etc.), and along the more southern Atlantic coast to South Carolina (to Virginia ?).” (?) [Oriolus] ludovicianus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 387 (based on Cassique, de la Louisiane, Daubenton, Pl. Enl. pl. 646; = albinotic specimen, probably of this form). (?) Ch{alcophanes] purpuratus (not Quiscalus purpuratus Swainson?) CABANis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept. 1851, 196 (Georgia). Quiscalus baritus (not Gracula barita Linnzeus) Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 556 (Key Biscayne and Cape Florida, s. Florida), 925 (Indian Key, s. Florida); ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 32; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 422. Quiscalus versicolor (not of Vieillot) AupuBoN, Synopsis, 1839, 146, part.—TayLor, Ibis, 1862; 129 (Florida).—Scuiarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, part. Quiscalus agleus Barrp, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, ser. 2, xli, 1866, 84 (s. Florida; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 404 (monogr. ).—Ripeway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 135 (crit.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pl. 37, fig. 2. [ Quiscalus purpureus.] Var. agleus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 161. Quiscalus purpureus . . . var. agleus Cours, Check List, 1878, no. 225a. [ Quiscalus purpureus] var. agelaius Rrpaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 203. [Quiscalus purpureus.] Var. agleus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripe@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 221. [ Quiscalus purpureus] c. agleus Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 203 (synonymy). Quiscalus purpureus agleus Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 183; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1882, no. 278a.—Covrs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 337. Quiscalus quiscula agleus STEINEGER, Auk, ii, Jan. 1885, 43, footnote. —AMERICAN OrnitHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 51la.—FisHEr, Auk, vy, 1888, 113 (New Orleans, Louisiana, summer).—BrewstEr, Auk, v, 1888, 208 (Charleston, South Carolina, breeding).—Cooxkr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., . 1 Five specimens. Louisiana specimens are larger than those from Florida, with decidedly longer bills; but they must either be referred to the same form or recognized as a fourth subspecies. In coloration they agree very closely with Florida examples. Average measurements of the two series are as follows: |Culmen, Depth | 3 Locality. } Wing. | Tail. from of bill |Tarsus. Midtite base. | at base. | Ten adult males from Wlonrids, << 25. 2s2se..s---e os 133.1 Le 2 | 33.3 13 36.6 25.4 Twelve adult males from Louisiana...........---- 136.4 | 124.7 34.8 13 SG 25.9 2 Although Virginia is given as the northern limit of the range of this form in the second edition of the A. O. U. Check List, I do not know upon what authority or evidence. I haye not seen specimens from farther north than Charleston, South Carolina. 4 4 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. PG 1888, 174 (New Orleans).—Scorr, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 Agate Springs, Punta Rassa, upper Caloosahatchie R., and Key West, s. Florida, breeding) .— CHaApman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 5 nee ee wae NE, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding. )—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 500, pl. 7, figs. 24, 25.—Bryrr, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., for 1897-99 (1900), 106 (Louisiana, breeding). Q[wiscalus] quiscula agleus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. (?) Quiscalus quiscula (not Gracula quiscula Linnzeus?) Cooker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 174 (West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, breeding ).—BryeEr, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-’99 (1900), 106 (breeding in Baton Rouge and St. Tammany Parishes, Louisiana). Q[uiscalus] plurpureus] agleus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 414. Quiscalus versicolor agleus ScuaTER, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, 1884, 154 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, in text. Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse, 1853) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii 1871, 291, excl. syn. part (e. Florida; crit.).—(?) Lanapon, Journ. Cine. Soe. N. A., 188], 150 (West Baton Rouge, Louisiana, breeding).—Maynarp, 3irds KE. N. Am. 1881, 148, part. QUISCALUS QUISCULA A-NEUS Ridgway. BRONZED GRACKLE, Differing from both Q. g. guiscula and Q. gq. agleus in the perfectly uniform bronze color of the entire body (except chest), and wholly unbarred bronze or purplish bronze wing-coverts; about the size of the former. Adult male.—Head, neck, and chest varying in color from greenish blue to purple, the neck and chest sometimes brassy green; rest of the plumage perfectly uniform bronze or brassy olive, becoming more purplish on wings and tail; the lesser wing-coverts uniform brassy olive or bronze, and neither these nor the middle coverts ever marked with bars of other metallic tints; length (skins), 276.9-317.5 (297.7); wing, 136.7-153.2 (184.9); culmen, from base, 30.7-33.5 (32.3); depth of bill at base, 12.7-14 (13); tarsus, 35.6-37.8 (386.8); middle toe, 24.1-26.9 (25.4).* Adult female.—Similar to the male, but decidedly smaller and much duller in color; length (skins), 235-269.2 (254.8); wing, 122.7-131.6 (126.5); tail, 105.7-113.3 (110.7); culmen, from Loe 28.7-31.2 (29.7); depth of bill at base, 11.2-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 31 8 (33.8); middle toe, 22.6-23.9 (23.1).” eer ate North America east of Rocky Mountains, except Atlantic coast district from shores of Long Island Sound southward and the Gulf coast from Florida to Louisiana; br eeding from 1 Mi assachusetts, ° New ‘Ten specimens. * Eight specimens. * Many, if not all, specimens from the coast of Massachusetts are more or less inter- mediate between this form and the true Q. quiscula, the breeding range of which there adjoins that of Q. q. wneus. 220 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. York,' western Pennsylvania, the Ohio Valley (including western West Virginia and greater portion of Kentucky and Tennessee), central Ala- bama (7), northern Mississippi and Louisiana, Texas (Bexar, Cook, Navarro, and Harris (4) counties), northward to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, southern Newfoundland, southern Labrador, Great Slave Lake, and Prince Albert, Northwest Territory; west to base of Rocky Moun- tains in eastern New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming (west to Fort Bridger), Montana, etc. During migrations, an occasional straggler to the Atlantic coast district from Maryland southward. Quiscalus versicolor (not of Vieillot) AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 35, part, pl. 7; v, 1839, 481, part; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 58, part, pl. 221.—Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 285.—Nur- TALL, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 194, part.—Haymonp, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 291 (Franklin Co., Indiana).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 555, part (Iowa; Red R., Manitoba; localities in Nebraska, Kansas, etc.), 927 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 421, part.—WIuI1s, Smithsonian Rep. for 1858 (1859), 283 (Nova Scotia).— VERRILL, Proc. Essex Inst., iii, 1862, 151 (Oxford Co., Maine, breeding ).— Buaxiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan); 1863, 83 (bet. Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay ).—SamueEts, Birds New Engl., 1864, 10.—Coukgs, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 285 (Lynn, Massachusetts).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8.—Maynarp, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1878, 375 (Maine; New Hampshire; Massachusetts ).—Scuater, Ibis, 1884, 154, part (monogr. ); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 394, part. : (?) Ch[alcophanes] versicolor CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196. Quiscalus purpureus Woopnousk, in Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 79 (Indian Territory; Texas; New Mexico; ‘‘ California’’).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 403, part (ex Gracula purpurea Bartram, = nomen nudum).—Covers, Check List, 1873, no. 225, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 203, part.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ili, 1872, 128 (e. Kansas), 138 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 61 (Fort Rice, North Dakota; mouth of Tongue R., Heart R., and Yellowstone R., e. Mon- tana).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 1875, 8.—LaNnapon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 10; rev. ed., 1879, 11.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 176 (Upton, Maine; descr. young).—McCuesney, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr.,v, 1879, 80 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, Apr. to Oct.).—RaTHBuN, Rey. List Birds Centr. N. Y., 1879, 22 (summer resid.).—Scorr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 145 (w. Missouri).—Coverr, Annot. List Birds, ete., Washtenaw Co., Michigan, 1881, 182.—Merrram, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 231 (Fulton Chain, n.e. New York); vii, 1882, 237 (Point du Monts, proy. Quebec, Canada).—Harcn, Ninth An. Rep. Geol. and N. H. Surv. Minn., 1881, 396 (Minnesota).—Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am. 1881, 148, part.— CHAMBERLAIN, Bull. no. 1, Nat. Hist. Soc. N. B., 1882, 42 (New Brunswick, summer resid.).—Horrman, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxi, 1882, 400 (Fort Berthold, North Dakota).—(?) Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 92 (Memphis, Tennessee; Vicksburg, Mississippi).—(?) BeckHam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 162 (Bayou Sara, Louisiana).—Ocr.By, Sci. Proce. Roy. Dubl. Soc., iii, 1882, 48 (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding; habits). [ Quiscalus] purpureus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160, part. ‘Except the lower Hudson Valley. t ' F 4 . $3 e . “gers Oe BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. O71 Q[uiscalus] purpureus NELSON, Bull. Essex Inst., ix, 1877, 62 (Union Co., Illinois). —Borgs, Cat. Birds 8. Mich., 1875, no. 94. Quiscalus zneus RipGway, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xxi, June, 1869, 134 (Mount Carmel, Wabash Co., s. e. Illinois; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 442 (New England ).—Jouy, Field and Forest, ii, 1877, 156 (District Columbia, casual).—CHaApMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 3 (deser.; geog. range; crit.).—Brimuey, Auk, xi, 1894, 333 (Raleigh, North Carolina, 2 specs., Nov. 14). [Quiscalus purpureus] var. aeneus Barb, Brewer, and Ripaway Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 208. [ Quiscalus purpureus.] Var. eneus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 218. [ Quiscalus purpureus] b. aneus Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 208, in synonymy. Quiscalus purpureus, var. xneus RipGway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1878, 170, in text (Fort Bridger, Wyoming), 184, 192 (Colorado). Q[uiscalus] purpureus, var. eneus NELSON, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 112 (n. e. Illinois, summer res. ). Quiscalus purpureus . . . var. wneus HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873 (1874), 65 (Denver, Colorado, May 14). Brewster, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., xi, 1875, 142 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding). Quiscalus purpureus .. . var. aeneus HensHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 324 (Denver). Quiscalus purpureus zneus Cours, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 606 (Pembina, North Dakota, to Rocky Mts.); Check List., 2d ed., 1882, no. 336.—Roserts and Benner, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Jan. 1880, 15 (Grant and Traverse counties, Minnesota, breeding).—RipGway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 278b.—Lanepon, Journ., Cine. Soc. N. H., 1880, 125 (Brookville, Indiana, Dec., Jan., Feb.).—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 181 (carnivorous habits).—BarcHeLperR, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 149 (upper St. Johns R., Maine and New Brunswick, breed- ing).—NeurRuine, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (Houston, Texas, breeding abundantly).—CHAmBERLAIN, Bull. no. 1, Nat. Hist. Soc. New Bruns., 1882, 42 (New Brunswick, summer resident). Q[uiscalus] pLurpureus] eneus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 413. Q[uiscalus] versicolor, var. eneus RipGway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 375 (IHinois) . Quiscalus versicolor «eneus RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ili, Sept. 4, 1880, 218.— SciaTER, Ibis, 1884, 154. Quiscalus quiscula xneus StrEJNEGER, Auk, ii, Jan., 1885, 48, footnote. —AMERICAN OrnitHoLocists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 511b.—Fox, Auk, iii, 1886, 319 (Roane Co., e. Tennessee).—Lioyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 291 (Tom Green and Concho counties, Texas, not breeding).—BrckHam, Auk, iv, 1887, 302 (Bayou Sara, Louisiana, Apr.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 672 (San Antonio and Beeville, Texas, winter).—Loomis, Auk, v, 1888, 113 (Chester Co., South Carolina, 2 specimens, Noy. ); viii, 1891, 167 (do., Nov. 1 to Feb.).— Cooks, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 174 (wintering regularly n. to s. Illinois, occasionally to Minnesota; dates, etc.).—Ripa@way, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 326.—CiarKk, Auk, vii, 1890, 322 (Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay ).—PALMER (W.), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 263 (St. Johns, Newfoundland).— THompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 582 (Manitoba; habits).— Arrwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).—RHoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 109 (San Antonio, breeding).—NutTTING, Bull. Lab. N. H. Univ. Iowa, ii, 1893, 274 (Grand Rapids and Chemawawin, 222 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lower Saskatchewan, very abundant).—Dwieut, Auk, x, 1893, 10 (Prince Edward I., breeding).—Topp, Auk, x, 1893, 39 (Indiana and Clearfield counties, w. Pennsylvania, breeding).—Brim.try, Auk, x, 1893, 242 (Bun- combe Co., North Carolina, Mar. 16; Raleigh, Nov. 26).—Deacon, Biol. Rey. Ontario, i, 1894,-69 (Prince Albert, Northwest Territory, very abt., breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—THornr, Auk, xii, 1895, 216 (Fort Keogh, Montana, breeding ).—Prers, Trans. Nova Scot. Inst. Sci., ser. 2, 1, 1895, 407 (Nova Scotia, rare).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 501, pl. 7, figs. 26, 27 (eggs).—Batrty, Auk, xiii, 1896, 294 (Elk Co., w. Pennsylvania, breeding).—Cooxr, Birds Col., 1897, 95 (Colorado, summer resid. e. of mts.).—Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 135 (Spruce belt, West Virginia).—Bryer, Proce, Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 106 (breeding near Madisonville, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana). Q[uiscalus] quiscula eneus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 380. [Quiscalus versicolor] b. Subsp. enea Scirarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 395, in list of specimens (Pembina, Dakota; Fort Dufferin, and Fort Simp- son, Brit. America; ‘‘Arctic America’). Quiscalus quiscula (not Gracula quiscula Linnzeus) Brrrrary and Cox, Auk, v, 1889, 117 (Restigouche Valley, New Brunswick ).—Harcn, Birds Minnesota, 1892, 288.—NernHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 304, part, pl. 17, fig. 6. Genus HOLOQUISCALUS Cassin. (?)Scaphidurus (not of Swainson, 1827) Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, App. 1, 494. (Type, ‘‘ Oriolus niger Auct.,’’ i. e., of Boddaert ?)! Holoquiscalus Cassux, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 404. (Type, Gracula barita Linneeus, = Sturnus jamaicensis Daudin?) Medium-sized or rather small semiterrestrial Icteridee with plicate tail” (decidedly shorter than wing and graduated for much less than one-third, usually less than one-fourth, its length), and with the median palatal ridge beveled off anteriorly. Bill about as long as head, elongate-conical, with tip more or less decurved, its depth at base much less than one-half the exposed culmen, little if any more (usually slightly less) than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width a little less; culmen nearly straight to near tip, where more or less strongly decurved, the basal portion sometimes slightly elevated and arched; the culmen ridged, the ridge narrow but rounded; gonys nearly straight, slightly but decidedly shorter than maxilla from nostril; maxillary tomium more 1 The characters given apply only in part to this genus. This citation of Scaphidu- rus Swainson is placed by Sclater (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, p. 329) under Cas- sidix, but while the description of the bill in Swainson’s diagnosis applies well enough to Cassidia, the phrase ‘‘tail graduated, boat-shaped,’’ certainly does not, but evidently does to a member of the Quiscaline group. 2In HH. gundlachii, at least, the tail is said to be ‘‘ permanently keeled; that is, is wedge-shaped even when the bird is at rest. In flying it is expanded vertically, and measures 4 to 5 inches in depth at the tip. This gives them a most ludicrous appear- ance, which is heightened by their fluttering, labored flight. Indeed, when on the wing they resemble miniature flying machines.’’ (Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus., iy, 1892, p. 306.) oo. Se ee ee Cee ee ee. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMFRICA. 270 or less concave terminally, straight or slightly convex in middle, slightly but sometimes rather abruptly deflexed for the rictal portion; mandibular tomium straight in middle portion, more or less decurved or convex terminally, more or less strongly deflexed basally; median palatal ridge beveled anteriorly (as in Jlegaquiscalus). Nostril rather large, broadly ovoid, obtusely pointed anteriorly, posteriorly in con- tact with feathering of the loral antiw, overhung by a broad and dis- tinct membranous or subcorneous operculum. Wing moderate (a little less to a little more than four times as long as culmen, about three and one-fourth to three and three-fourths times as long as tarsus), its tip moderately produced (by less than two-thirds to nearly as long as cul- men), rounded; ninth (outermost) primary intermediate between sixth and fifth or between fifth and fourth, the eighth and seventh or seventh and sixth longest; three or four outer primaries with inner webs distinctly emarginated and very broad anterior to the emargina- tion. Tail decidedly shorter than wing (about equal to distance from bend of wing to end of longest secondaries), plicate (as in Quescalus and Megaquiscalus), moderately graduated (graduation less than length of culmen and little, if any, more than one-fourth the length of middle rectrices), the inner webs not longer than the outer. Tarsus decidedly longer than culmen, its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, equal to or shorter (sometimes decidedly shorter) than tarsus; lateral toes with claws falling decidedly short of base of middle claw; hallux equal in length to lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; claws moderately to rather strongly curved, acute. Coloration.—Adult males entirely glossy black (the gloss violet or bluish, more greenish on wings and tail); adult females similar to males in species of the Greater Antilles, more or less different (more brownish, often quite pale below) in species of the Lesser Antilles and northern South America. Range.—West Indies; northern coast of South America. This mainly West Indian genus, being definable by structural char- acters, seems sufficiently distinct from both Quiscalus and Megaquis- calus to warrant its recognition. From Quzscalus it differs conspicu- ously in the form of the median palatal ridge, which, instead of being highest, truncate, and angular anteriorly, is slanted or beveled off anteriorly and highest in the middle, as in Megaquiscalus, straighter commissure; inner webs of primaries much broader in middle portion (except in South American species); the middle toe and claw as long as the tarsus (in typical species) instead of decidedly shorter; besides which the adult males are plain blue-black or violet-black, and the females, in some species, very differently colored from the males. In respect to the shape of the palatal ridge, the narrower bill with straighter commissure, and the uniform blue or violet-black coloration 224 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and (except in some species) very different coloration of the sexes, there is greater resemblance to JMJegaguiscalus than to Quiscalus, but the points of difference from the former are sufficiently numerous. The tail is relatively shorter and far less graduated than in Mega- quiscalus, the difference in length between lateral and median rectrices amounting to little, if any, more (usually less) than one-fourth of the length of the middle rectrices, instead of between one-third and one- half their length; the tarsus is shorter compared with the middle toe; the inner webs of the primaries much broader in the middle or just beyond the middle portion, the eighth, seventh, sixth, and fifth having their inner webs much broader at that portion immediately preceding the sinuation.* On the whole, //ologuéscalus may be considered as a fairly well characterized genus, in some respects intermediate in structure between Quiscalus and Megaquiscalus, but much nearer to the latter, and nearly connected with it by the more or less intermediate southern species of the two groups (//. dugubris, H. insularis, and M. nicaraguensis). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HOLOQUISCALUS. a. Color uniform black (with or without violet, bluish, or greenish gloss). »b. Wing more than 109 mm. (or else culmen, from base, more than 27.9). ec. Wing not less than 147. d. Head, neck, and body distinctly glossed with violet, the wings and tail with bluish green; bill strongly decurved at tip. e. Culmen, from base, 35.6-40.6 (averaging 37.3), the bill more slender; violet gloss more distinct. (Cuba.) Holoquiscalus gundlachii, adult male (p. 226) ee. Culmen, from base, 33-35.6 (averaging 34.5), the bill stouter; violet gloss less distinct. (Jamaica. ).-Holoquiscalus jamaicensis, adult male (p. 227 dd. Head, neck, and body with very faint or scarcely perceptible violet gloss; Wings and tail without distinct, if any, greenish gloss; tip of bill very slightly decurved. (Haiti.)....Holoquiscalus niger, adult male (p. 228) ce. Wing not more than 134.6. d. Plumage not distinetly, if at all, glossed. e. Culmen, from base, 32.5 or more. Holoquiscalus gundlachii, adult female (p. 226) ee. Culmen, from base, not more than 30.8. f. Bill stouter, distinctly decurved at tip. g. Wing, 127.5-130 =< .- Holoquiscalus jamaicensis, adult female (p. 227) gg. Wing, 108.7-116.3...Holoquiscalus brachypterus, adult female (p. 227) J. Bill more slender, very slightly decurved at tip. Holoquiscalus niger, adult female (p. 228) dd. Plumage distinetly glossed with violet or bluish (more greenish on wings and tail). e. Wings glossed, more or less, with greenish; culmen decidedly decurved terminally. ‘This character is not entirely diagnostic, a single species of Megaquiscalus (M. nicaraguensis) having the inner webs of the longer primaries of exactly the same shape, even to a greater degree, while one species of Holoquiscalus (H. lugubris) has the inner webs of normal form, as in Quiscalus and typical Megaquiscalus. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 225 Jj. Wing not less than 129.5 (129.5-134.6). g- Head, neck, and body glossed with violet or purplish violet; wings very faintly glossed with greenish; tip of bill more decurved. (Rortophicon)==s-ee- Holoquiscalus brachypterus, adult male (p. 228) gg. Head, neck, and body glossed with yiolet-bluish; wings strongly glossed with greenish; tip of bill less decurved. (Grand Cayman. ) Holoquiscalus caymanensis, adult male (p. 229) Jf. Wing less than 129.5 (117.6-127.5). g. Culmen, from base, more than 33 (35.6 or more). (Grenada. ) Holoquiscalus luminosus, adult male (p. 232) gg. Culmen, from base, less than 33. h. Wing more than 116.8. i. Larger (wing averaging 126, tail 107, culmen 30.9). (Santa Lucia. ) Holoquiscalus inflexirostris, adult male (p. 230) vi. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 121.9, tail 98.3, or cul- men 30.2). j. Bill relatively thicker, less decurved terminally. k, Wing averaging 120.7. (Martinique. ) Holoquiscalus martinicensis,' adult male (p. 231) kk. Wing averaging 121.9. (Guadeloupe. ) Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis, adult male (p 232) jj. Bill relatively more slender, more decurved terminally. (Mar- garita Island, Venezuela. ) Holoquiscalus insularis, adult male (extralimital)? hh. Wing less than 116.8. i. Wing more than 109.2 (110.2-115.6); bill more slender (depth at base, 9.6-9.9). (Coast of Venezuela; Guiana; Trinidad; Tobago. ) Holoquiscalus lugubris, adult male (extralimital )* ui. Wing less than 109.2 (104.4-109); bill stouter (depth at base, 10.9-11.7.) (Barbados. ) Holoquiscalus fortirostris, adult male (p. 229) ee. Wings (except edges of primaries) glossed with purple or violet; culmen very slightly decurved at tip. (Habitat unknown.) Holoquiscalus rectirostris, adult male (p. 233) aa. Color not uniform black; if approaching black the color sooty and not at all glossed. b. Sooty black. c. Wing 91.4-100.6, tail 76-78.7; bill very stout, its depth at base 9.9-11.4. Holoquiscalus fortirostris, adult female (p. 230) ce. Wing 99.1, tail 79.7; bill slender, its depth at base 8.6. Holoquiscalus lugubris, adult female (extralimital )* bb. Grayish brown above (paler anteriorly); beneath lighter brownish gray. c. Under parts deep grayish brown, becoming light brownish gray on throat. d. Smaller, with more slender bill (wing 102.1, tail 80.3, culmen, from base, 27.9, depth of bill at base 6.1) Holoquiscalus insularis, adult female (extralimital)? 'Although referred by most authors to [7. inflexirostris, the Martinique bird is so much more like that of Guadeloupe that its separation from the latter may not prove expedient. 2 Quiscalus insularis Richmond, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xviii, Aug. 12, 1896, 675 (Margarita Island, Venezuela; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ).—Holoquiscalus insularis Ridg- way, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 3 Quiscalus lugubris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299, fig. 54¢ (‘‘ Brazil’’).— Holoquiscalus lugubris Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. 38654—VvoL 2—01——15 226 RULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dd. Larger, with stouter bill (wing 104.1, tail 88.9, culmen, from base, 30.2, depth of bill at base 9.9) ..-Holoquiscalus luminosus, adult female (p. 232) cc. Under parts light grayish brown, becoming buffy or whitish on throat. d, Paler superciliary and malar stripes indistinct; throat pale broccoli brown. Holoquiscalus inflexirostris, adult female (p. 230) dd. Paler superciliary and malar stripes very distinct; throat pale grayish buffy or whitish. e. Smaller, with larger feet and more slender bill! (wing averaging 105.4, tarsus 32.3, middle toe, 23.4, depth of bill at base 9.4). Holoquiscalus martinicensis, adult female (p. 231) ee. Larger, with smaller feet and stouter bill’ (wing averaging 106.7, tarsus 31.7, middle toe 22.9, depth of bill at base 10.2). Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis, adult female (p. 232) HOLOQUISCALUS GUNDLACHII (Cassin). CUBAN GRACKLE, Adult male.—Head, neck, body, and smaller wing-coverts uniform glossy violet-black, the gloss becoming more blue on tail-coverts; wings and tail black, the larger wing-coverts and secondaries strongly glossed with bluish green, the primaries and rectrices more faintly glossed with the same; bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown’; length (skins), 279.4-288.3 (283.2); wing, 148.6-154.9 (150.6); tail, 124.7-132.6 (129.3); calmen, from base, 35.6—-41.4 (87.3); depth of bill at base, 12.2-12-7 (12.4); tarsus, 38.6-41.4 (89.9); middle toe, 28.5-30 (29. 2).8 Adult female.—Similar to the male, but decidedly smaller, the gloss to the plumage less pronounced and bluish rather than violet; length (skins), 231.1-264.2 (252.2); wing, 118.9-133.4 (127); tail, 99.1-116.8 (108.5); culmen, from base, 32.5—-32.8 (82.5); depth of billat base, 10.9- 11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 33.5-36.6 (35.3); middle toe, 22.9-25.1 (24.4).* Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles, including adjacent islands of Little Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Isle of Pines. Quiscalus versicolor (not of Vieillot) Vicors, Zool. Journ., iii, no. xi, 1827, 442 (Cuba). Quiscalus barytus (not Gracula barita Linnzeus) D’Orpieny, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 120, pl. 18. Quiscalus baritus THIENEMANN, Journ. fir Orn., 1857, 151. Ch{alcophanes] baritus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 197, excl. syn. (Cuba) Chalcophanes baritus GuNpLAcH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 15. Calcophanes baritus BrEwER, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. 8 vii, 1860, 307. Quiscalus gundlachii Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phils. xvill, Dec., 1866, 406 (Cuba; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 226; Birds W. L., 1889, 113. iGine ‘e these face es of proportions do not appear in measurements of males of the two forms they probably will prove inconstant in case of females, and therefore not to be relied on. 2“Trides hazel’’; J. H. Riley, manuscript. 3Five specimens. ‘Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. OT [ Quiscalus] gundlachii Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6527. Quiscalus gundlachi Scuarer, Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 898 (San Cristobal, Cuba).—Cory, Auk, vi, 1888, 31 (Cayman Brac); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, iii, 129, 147 (Cuba; Little Cayman; Cayman Brac).—CHApMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 306 (Cuba; habits; notes). [Quiscalus] gundlachi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. Chalcophanes gundlachii Gunpuacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 135. [ Quiscalus baritus] var. gundlachi Barro, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 213. Holoquiscalus gundlachii Rrpaway, Proce. Wash. Ac. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. HOLOQUISCALUS JAMAICENSIS (Daudin). JAMAICAN GRACKLE, Similar in coloration to //. gundlachii, but smaller and with the bill shorter and relatively much thicker. Adult male.—Length (skins), 279.4-294.6 (286.3); wing, 147.38-152.4 (149.4); tail, 124.5-129 (126.7); culmen, from base, 33-35.6 (34); depth of bill at base, 12.7-14.2 (13.2); tarsus, 39.4-41.4 (39.6); middle toe, 25.9-28.5 (26.9).1 Adult female.—Length (skins), 226.1-274.3 (240.5); wing, 127.5-1380 (128.8); tail, 103.9-113.8 (109.7); culmen, from base, 28.2-30.7 (29.2); depth of bill at base, 10.9-12.2 (11.4); tarsus, 32-36.1 (84.8); middle toe, 20.1-24.6 (23.4).! Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (?) [Gracula] barita Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 109 (‘‘America”’; no refer- ences); ed. 12, i, 1766, 165 (cites Icterus niger Brisson, Av., ii, p. 103, pl. 10, fig. 1; Monedula tota nigra Sloane, Jam. ii, 299, pl. 257, fig. 2).—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 396.—Latuam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 191.—Wac.ker, Syst. Av., 1827, Gracula, sp. 4. Quiscalus baritus VirttLtotT, Nom. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 405 (monogr. ). [ Quiscalus] baritus BonapartsE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425 (Antilles).—Gray, Hand- list, 11, 1870, 38, no. [ Quiscalus baritus] var. baritus BAirpD, Brewer, and Ripcway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 218. Sturnus jamaicensis Daupin, Traité d’ Orn., ii, 1800, 317 (based on Merops niger, iride subargentea, Brown, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 476). Holoquiscalus jamaicensis Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ae. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Quiscalus crassirostris Swarnson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 355 (Jamaica; coll. W. Hooker).—Gossk, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 217; Ilustr. Birds Jam.,1849, pl. 53.— Sciater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 359; Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 398 (Metcalfe Parish and Spanishtown, Jamaica).— ABrecut, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 197.—Marcn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 298.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 225 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 111 (do.); Cat. W. L. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 130.—Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 179 (notes, etc. ).—Fretp, Auk, xi, 1894, 126. [ Quiscalus] crassirosiris BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425 (Jamaica ).—ScLATER and Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. 1 Four specimens. 228 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Q [wiscalus] crassirostris Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 103. (?) ScLaphidurus] crassirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 426 (Jamaica?). (2) ‘‘ Quiscalus vulgaris TemMinck, Tabl. Méth., 1838, 10.” HOLOQUISCALUS NIGER (Boddaert). HAITIAN GRACKLE, Similar to /Z. gundlachii, but smaller and with the violet gloss to the plumage much less pronounced, the gloss on greater wing-coverts and secondaries dull violet-bluish instead of green. Adult male.—Length (skins), 248.9-281.9 (268.2); wing, 122.4-137.9 (132.1); tail, 106.7-125 (116.8); culmen, from base, 34-35.1 (84.5); depth of bill at base, 10.7-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 35.1-37.6 (36.1); middle toe, 23.4-27.2 (25.9). Adult female.—Length (skin), 241.3; wing, 118.6; tail, 102.9; cul- men, from base, 27.4; tarsus, 32.5; middle toe, 24.1.” Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. Oriolus niger Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 31 (based on Troupiale noir, de St. Domingue, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 5384)—Laruam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 185. Icterus niger TemMrncx, Cat. Syst., 1807, 48. A[gelaius] niger Viertior, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 718. Quiscalus niger Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 407 (monogr.; Jeremie, Haiti).—Scriarer, Ibis, 1884, 159 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 398.—Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 73, pl. 22, fig. 1; Auk, iii, 1886, 226; Birds W. I., 1889, 113; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 131.—CHERRIz, Contr. Orn. St. Domingo, 1896, 17. [ Quiscalus] niger Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6529.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. [Quiscalus baritus] var. niger BAarrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 213. Holoquiscalus niger Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sei., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Quiscalus ater ‘‘Baird’’? Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 94 (Santo Domingo ).—Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 153 (Haiti).—Trisrram, Ibis, 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo). HOLOQUISCALUS BRACHYPTERUS (Cassin). PORTO RICAN GRACKLE, Similar in coloration to /Z. niger, but averaging slightly larger and with the bill shorter and more strongly decurved terminally and much more compressed; iris bright yellow.* Adult male.—Length (skins), 261.6-299.7 (272.8); wing, 130-134.6 (182.3); tail, 114.6-120.4 (117.6); culmen, from base, 33-33.5 (33.3); depth of bill at base, 10.2-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 35.8-37.8 (36.8); middle toe, 25.7-27.7 (26.4).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 2383.5—-259. 1 (242.8); wing, 108.7-116.3 (112.5); tail, 92.7-102.1 (97); culmen, from base, 28.5-31.8 (30.2); 1 Five specimens. ?One specimen. OC, W. Richmond, manuscript. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 929 depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.4 (10.2); tarsus, 33-33.8 (33.3); middle toe, 23.9-24.9 (24.4).7 Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. Quiscalus baritus (not Gracula barita Linnzeus ) Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 168, part (Porto Rico). Quiscalus crassirostris(not of Swainson) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 188, 254 (Porto Rico).—Gunp.uacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1866, 188 (Porto Rico).— Sunpevat, Ofy. K. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., 1869, 598 (Porto Rico). Quiscalus brachypterus Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 406 (Porto Rico; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. )—Scrarter, Ibis, 1884, 160 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 399.—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 224 (synonymy and descr. ); Birds W. I., 1889, 111 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 132. [ Quiscalus] brachypterus Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6528.—SciaTer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. [ Quiscalus baritus] var. brachypterus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1, 1874, 213. Chalcophanes brachypterus GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 312; 1878, 177; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 213. Holoquiscalus brachypterus RipGway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Soe., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Chalcophanes lugubris (not Quiscalus lugubris Swainson) Sunprvauy, Ofy. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 598 (Porto Rico). HOLOQUISCALUS CAYMANENSIS (Cory). GRAND CAYMAN GRACKLE, Similar to Q. gundlachii but smaller, and the gloss violet-blue or blue, instead of violet, on head, neck, body, and smaller wing-coverts, bluish green, instead of blue, on tail-coverts, and more bronzy green on greater wing-coverts and secondaries. Adult male.—Length (skin), 10.50; wing, 5.24; tail, 4.37; culmen, from base, 1.32; depth of bill at base, 0.46; tarsus, 1.41; middle toe, 0:95." Island of Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles. Quiscalus caymanensis Cory, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 499, 502 (Grand Cayman L., Greater Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory); v, 1888, 158; Birds W. I., 1889, 291; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 129, 147.—Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 574 (Grand Cayman). Holoquiscalus caymanensis Rripaway, Proce. Wash. Ac. Sci., tii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. HOLOQUISCALUS FORTIROSTRIS (Lawrence). BARBADOS GRACKLE, Smallest species of the genus (wing not more than 109.2). Adult male.—Head, neck, and body uniform violaceous-black, but slightly glossy; wings and tail greenish black, the bluish green gloss most perceptible on wings; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skins), 229.3; wing, 104.4-109.2 (107.4); tail, 91.7-92.5 (92.2); culmen, from ——— ' Five specimens. 2 One specimen. 230 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. base, 27.2-27.7 (27.4); depth of bill at base, 10.9-11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 31.2-32.8 (82); middle toe, 21.6—-22.6 (22.1).* Adult female.—Similar to the male, but smaller and duller in color, very faintly glossed, and with a brownish cast on head, neck, and chest; length (skins), 205.7; wing, 91.4-938.7 (92.5); tail, 75.7-78.7 (77.7); culmen, from base, 25.1-25.4 (25.4); depth of bill at base, 9.9- 11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 28.7-30 (29.2); middle toe, 18.3-20.3 (19.6). * Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. Quiscalus fortirostris LAWRENCE, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 360, 428 (Bar- bados, Lesser Antilles; coll. G. N. Lawrence).—Sciatrer, Ibis, 1873, 334° (Barbadoes); 1884, 161 (monogr.); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1874, 175 (Bar- badoes); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 400.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 223 (synonymy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 110 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 134, 146. [ Quiscalus] fortirostris Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 88, no. 6532.—Sciarer and Sat- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. Holoquiscalus fortirostris RipGway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901,-151. HOLOQUISCALUS INFLEXIROSTRIS (Swainson). SANTA LUCIA GRACKLE. Adult male.—Quite similar in coloration to HZ. gundlachii, but size much less; length (skins), 241.3; wing, 121.9-127.8 (126); tail, 103.6- 109.7 (106.7); culmen, from base, 30.5-31.8 (31); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 9.9; tarsus, 33.8-35.6 (34.5); middle toe, 25.4-27.2 (26.2).” Adult female.—Very different from the male; pileum and hindneck deep hair brown or olive, gradually darkening into sepia brown or olive-sepia on back and scapulars, the rump and upper tail-coverts dark olive-sepia; wings and tail dusky or sooty blackish with indistinct margins and edgings of sooty brown; under parts buffy hair brown, darkening into grayish olive on flanks and under tail-coverts, paler and more buffy on throat and chin; malar region and an indistinct super- ciliary stripe similar in color to the throat or but slightly darker; length (skins), 228.6-241.3; wing, 107.2-110.5 (108.7); tail, 62.2-66.8 (64.5); culmen, from base, 27.7-28.5 (28.2); depth of bill at base 8.9- 9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 31.8-33 (32.3); middle toe, 24.1.” Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles; island of St. Vincent?* Quiscalus inflexirostris Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300, fig. 52 (locality unknown).—Cassrn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 407 (monogr. ).—SEMPER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 651 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles).—ScLaTEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 175, part (Santa Lucia); 1889, 305 (Santa Lucia) ; Ibis, 1884, 160, part (Santa Lucia; monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit: Mus., xi, 1886, 'Three specimens. 2 Two specimens. 87 have not been able to examine specimens from St. Vincent, and therefore am doubtful as to the relationship of the birds of that island. ett a Nt i atta hl tt BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 2S 401, part (Santa Lucia).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 224, part (Santa Lucia); Birds W. I., 1889, 111, part (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 146, part (Santa Lucia; St. Vincent ?).—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xii, 1890, 130 (Santa Lucia). Q[uiscalus] inflexirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424. [Quiscalus] inflexirostris Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6525.—ScLaTER and Satvix, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part (Santa Lucia).—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14, part. Holoquiscalus inflexirostris Rripaway, Proce. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Quiscalus luminosus (not of Lawrence) ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia). Quiscalus lugubris (not of Swainson) Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 271 (Santa Lucia).—Semprr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 650 (Santa Lucia; habits) . (?) Quiscalus? LawreNck, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 191 (St. Vincent). HOLOQUISCALUS MARTINICENSIS Ridgway. MARTINIQUE GRACKLE. Similar to /Z. ¢nflex‘rostris, but smaller and with stouter bill; adult female with head and under parts paler, the chin and throat nearly white. (Similar in color to the same sex of //. guadeloupensis.) Adult male.—Length (skins), 228.6-259.1 (243.8); wing, 119.4— 124 (120.7); tail, 93.2-101.9 (98.3); culmen, from base, 29.2-32 (30.2); depth of billat base, 10.4-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 31.2-35.1 (33.5); middle toe, 24.9-25.7 (25.1).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 205.7-226.1 (215.9); wing, 102.4— 108.5 (105.4); tail, 83.8-85.6 (84.6); culmen, from base, 26.2-27.7 (26.9); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.4 (9.1); tarsus, 31.2-33.3 (32.3); middle toe, 22.9-23.9 (23.4.)? Island of Martinique, Lesser Antilles. Although hitherto referred to //. inflex‘rostris, this form is far more closely related to //. guadeloupensis, from which it scarcely dif- fers except in its slightly shorter wing. (?) Quiscalus mexicanus Cassix, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xiii, Dec., 1866, 40° (‘‘Mexico;’’ coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ).* 1 Four specimens. *Two specimens. *]7 have carefully examined and compared the type of Quiscalus mexicanus Cassin, but am unable to identify it positively with any of the known West Indian forms. It comes very close, indeed, to the present bird, and probably is the same; but the uncertainty as to the origin of the specimen (which, however, quite certainly did not come from Mexico) renders the adoption of the inappropriate and misleading name mexicanus highly undesirable. The only differences that Iam able to detect between the type of Quiscalus mexicanus and specimens of H. martinicensis consist in the somewhat more purplish gloss of the former and very slightly shorter wing (the other measurements being practically identical), the wing being 3.8 mm. shorter than in the shortest winged H. martinicensis examined. The slight color difference may easily have been caused by long exposure to the light, the type of Q. mexicanus having been for many years mounted. 232 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Quiscalus inflexirostris (not of Swainson) LAwRENcE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 355, 487 (Martinique; habits; crit.).—Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 175, part (Martinique); Ibis, 1884, 160, part (Martinique); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 401, part (Martinique).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 224, part (Martinique); iv, 1887, 96 (Martinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 111, part (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 146, part (Martinique). [ Quiscalus] inflevirostris ScLaTER and Satyix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38, part (Martinique).—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14, part. Holoquiscalus martinicensis Rrpa@way, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., ii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151 (Martinique; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). HOLOQUISCALUS GUADELOUPENSIS (Lawrence). GUADELOUPE GRACKLE, Similar to 77. martinicensis, but wing averaging slightly longer. Adult male.—Length (skins), 238.8-261.6 (250.2); wing, 119.9-124.5 (121.9); tail, 93.7-102.1 (97.5); culmen, from base, 28.5-31.2 (80.2); depth of bill at base, 10.4-10.9 (10.7); tarsus, 34-35.3 (34.8); middle toe, 25.4-26.2 (25.7).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 199.7-241.3 (221.7); wing, 104.4— 109.2 (106.7); tail, 81.5-88.9 (85.9); culmen, from base, 25.9-27.9 (26.9); depth of bill at base, 9.9-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 31-33 (31.8); mid- dle toe, 22.6-24.1 (22.9).? Island of Guadeloupe, Lésser Antilles; island of Marie Galante ¢* Quiscalus guadeloupensis LAWRENCE, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., i, Apr. 22, 1879, 457; (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Scuarer, Ibis, 1884, 160 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 401.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 226 (synonymy and descr. ); vili, 1891, 49 (Guadeloupe); Birds W. I., 1889, 113 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 147 (Guadeloupe; Marie Galante?). [ Quiscalus] guadeloupensis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. Holoquiscalus guadeloupensis Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. HOLOQUISCALUS LUMINOSUS (Lawrence). GRENADA GRACKLE, Adult male.—Similar to that of HZ. inflewirostris, H. martinicensis, and //. guadeloupensis, but the violet gloss to plumage of the head, neck, and body rather brighter and the bill much more slender; length (skins), 246.4-274.3 (260.4); wing, 117.6-123.7 (120.7); tail, 103.4-104.1 (103.6); culmen, from base, 35.6-35.8; depth of bill at base, 10.7; tarsus, 34.5-36.3 (35.3); middle toe, 23.6—24.9 (24.1).* Adult female.—Much darker than that of HZ. inflewtrostris or allies; ” ‘Four specimens. 2Six specimens. * No specimens from Marie Galante seen by me. * Two specimens. *The female of this species is decidedly darker than that of any other of the West Indian forms in which the sexes are conspicuously different in color, more resembling that of H. insularis of Margarita Island, off the coast of Venezuela. The latter differs in smaller size and still more slender bill. 0 a peer: 4 td BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 233 head and neck dark grayish brown (without distinct paler superciliary stripe), fading on chin and throat into brownish gray or grayish hair brown, and on the back and other upper parts deepening into dark sooty brown; general color of under parts deep hair brown, becoming more dusky on flanks and under tail-coverts; length (skin), 235; wing, 104.1; tail, 88.9; culmen, from base, 30.2; depth of bill at base, 9.9; tarsus, 29.2; middle toe, 22.9." Island of Grenada, and Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Quiscalus lwuminosus LAWRENCE, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, July, 1878, 162 (Gre- nada, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 270, 278, 487 (Grenada; Grenadines; habits, ete.); ix, 1886, 615 (Grenada; habits; descr. nest and eggs).—OBER, Camps in the Caribbees, 1880, 247.— SciatTer, Ibis, 1884, 161 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 402 (Gre- nada; Grenadines).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 225 (synonymy and descr. ); Birds W. I., 1889, 111 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15. [ Quiscalus] luminosus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. Holoquiscalus luminosus Rrpaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Quiscalus inflexirostris (not of Swainson) Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 111, 146, part (Grenada). HOLOQUISCALUS RECTIROSTRIS (Cassin). STRAIGHT-BILLED GRACKLE, Adult male.—Similar to the adult males of the West Indian forms, but with the bill very slender and almost perfectly straight (maxilla slightly decurved only at extreme tip), relatively shorter tail, and pur- plish black wings; color uniform black, glossed with violet, becoming more purplish on head and neck and changing to greenish on edges of primaries; length (skin), about 114.3; wing, 114.3; tail, 102.9; exposed culmen, 27.4; tarsus, 32.” Habitat unknown. Quiscalus rectirostris Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 409 (locality unknown; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ). [ Quiscalus] rectirostris GRAY, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 38, no. 6531. Holoquiscalus rectirostris RipGway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 151. Genus MEGAQUISCALUS Cassin. Megaquiscalus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvii, Dec., 1866, 409. (Type, Quiscalus major Vieillot. ) Large or medium-sized semiterrestrial Icteride, with bill about as long as or slightly longer than head, narrow, more or less strongly decurved at tip; tail nearly or quite equal to, sometimes longer than, ‘One specimen. * For these measurements I am indebted to Mr. Witmer Stone, Conservator of the Ornithological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences. Mr. Stone has carefully com- pared the type, in the collection under his charge, with examples of other species of the genus and pronounces it very distinct. 234 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wing, plicate,’ graduated for nearly one-third to nearly one-half its length; sexes very different in size and coloration, the adult males glossy blue-black or violet-black, the wings and tail more greenish; adult females conspicuously smaller, brownish above, paler brown, bufty, or whitish below. Bill equal to or longer than head, slender, more or less (usually strongly) decurved at tip, compressed, its basal depth much less than half the length of exposed culmen, its basal width about one-third as long as exposed culmen, or less; culmen nearly straight for most of its length, more or less (usually strongly) decurved terminally, the middle portion sometimes slightly depressed, rounded, or forming a rather flattened ridge; gonys nearly or quite straight, the tip usually more or less decurved, shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight, but more or less decurved terminally, and rather abruptly but not strongly deflexed for the rictal portion. Nostril longitudinal, obtusely pointed anteriorly, with broad superior opercu- lum, the posterior end touching feathering of frontal anti. Wing moderate (about three and a half to four times as long as culmen), the tip moderately produced (by much more than length of culmen and usually less than length of tarsus, never more), rather pointed; outer- most (ninth) primary intermediate between sixth and fifth, equal to sixth, or equal to fifth; seventh and eighth, eighth, seventh, and sixth, or seventh and sixth primaries longest; three or four outer primaries very faintly sinuated on inner webs (five more strongly sinuated in M. tenuirostris and M. nicaraguensis). Tail nearly or quite equal to wing, sometimes longer, strongly graduated (distance between tips of lateral and median rectrices between one-third and one-half the length of the latter), the rectrices broadest terminally, with inner webs decid- edly longer than the outer (except in JZ. tenurostris). Tarsus long (more than one-fourth to nearly one-third as long as wing, much longer than culmen), its anterior scutella distinct (less so in JZ. tenurostris 7); middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus; outer toe with claw falling decidedly short of base of middle claw, the inner slightly longer, with its claw reaching nearly or quite to base of middle claw; hallux decid- edly shorter than lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw shorter than the digit (nearly as long in M. tenuwirostris). Coloration.—Adult males glossy blue-black or violaceous-black, the wings and tail greenish black; adult females conspicuously smaller than adult males, brownish above, paler brownish, tawny, buffy, or whitish beneath. Range.—South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States southward through Mexico and Central America to western Peru. 1 Transverse section of the tail V-shaped, as in Quiscalus and Holoquiscalus. =e td BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 235 KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MEGAQUISCALUS. a. Plumage glossy purplish black or dark steel blue, becoming violet anteriorly, more greenish on wings and tail (sometimes on posterior parts of body also). (Adult males. ) b. Bill larger and stouter (culmen not less than 36.1, depth of bill at base not less than 12.7); plumage more highly glossed, the gloss violet only on head and neck, or on head, neck, and anterior portions of body. (Megaquiscalus major. ) c. Tail much shorter than wing; violet color of anterior portions confined to head, neck, and chest (wing averaging 182.4, tail 171). (South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States. ) Megaquiscalus major major, adult male (p. 236) cc. Tail not much shorter than wing, sometimes longer; violet color of anterior portions extending at least to upper back and upper breast. d. Tail averaging longer than wing; breast and anterior portion of sides violet. e. Larger, with proportionally longer and more slender bill (wing averaging 189, tail 217.2, culmen 44.7, depth of bill at base 14.7). (Southern Texas and through eastern Mexico and Central America to northern Colombian) Msoe2s-5-- Megaquiscalus major macrourus, adult male (p. 238) ee. Smaller, with proportionally shorter and thicker bill (wing averaging 180, tail 188, culmen 41.7, depth of bill at base 14.7). (Coast of south- western Mexico, from State of Guerrero to Territory of Tepic.) Megaquiscalus major obscurus, adult male (p. 241) dd. Tail averaging shorter than wing; breast and sides mostly steel blue. e. Larger, with shorter and stouter bill (wing averaging 165.9, tail 163.6, culmen 38.6, depth of bill at base 12.9). (Coast of western Mexico in state of Sinaloa.) _...Megaquiscalus major graysoni, adult male (p. 241) ee. Smaller, with longer and more slender bill (wing averaging 164.6, tail 161, culmen 39.6, depth of bill at base 12.9). (Coast of northwestern Mexico, in State of Sonora. ) Megaquiscalus major nelsoni, adult male (p. 242) bb. Bill smaller and more slender (culmen not more than 34.3, depth of bill at base not more than 10.2); plumage with a duller gloss of violet extending over entire under parts, back, and rump. c. Wing more than 165, tail 177.8 or more; bill much more slender terminally, with tip very slightly decurved; inner webs of primaries not conspicuously widened. (Valley of Mexico. ) Megaquiscalus tenuirostris, adult male (p. 243) cc. Wing 127; tail not more than 139.7; bill but slightly tapering terminally, with tip strongly decurved; inner webs of primaries conspicuously widened beyond middle. (Interior of Nicaragua. ) Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis, adult male (p. 244) aa. Plumage mainly dusky brown above, paler brown, tawny, buffy, or whitish below. (Adult females.) b. Larger (wing more than 127, tail more than 114); under parts brown (grayish brown, buffy brown, cinnamon-brown, ete. ). c. Pileum, hindneck, and upper back grayish brown, not conspicuously differ- ent from color of rump; bill distinctly decurved at tip. d. Larger, with relatively longer tail (wing averaging more than 143.5, tail averaging more than 137.2); under parts darker, more grayish brown. \ 236 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. e. Larger, with relatively longer and thinner bill (wing averaging 150, tail 147.8, culmen 37.1, depth of bill at base 12.7); coloration much paler, under parts approximating hair brown, the chin and throat conspicu- ously paler and more buffy. Megaquiscalus major macrourus, adult female (p. 238) ee. Smaller, with relatively shorter and thicker bill (wing averaging 144, tail 138.2, culmen 34.5, depth of bill at base 11.9); coloration much darker, the under parts approximating deep broccoli brown or bistre, the chin and throat not conspicuously paler (broccoli brown or deep wood brown) ----- Megaquiscalus major obscurus, adult female (p. 241) dd. Smaller, with relatively shorter tail (wing averaging less than 143.5, tail averaging less than 133); under parts paler, more ochraceous or buffy brown. e. Larger (wing averaging 142.7, tail 129.5, culmen 37.1, tarsus 42). Megaquiscalus major major, adult female (p. 237) ee. Smaller (wing averaging less than 135.9, tail less than 127, culmen less than 35.6, tarsus less than 40). jf. Under parts ochraceous-brown; larger, with shorter and stouter bill (wing averaging 134.9, tail 124.5, culmen 32.8, depth of bill at base (lil fp) ve Sho hese ee Megaquiscalus major graysoni, adult female (p. 241) if. Under parts light wood brown; smaller, with longer and thinner bill (wing averaging 132, tail 122.9, culmen 34.3, depth of bill at base AZ Pay S ety eee Megaquiscalus major nelsoni, adult female (p. 242) cc. Pileum, hindneck, and upper back rusty brown, conspicuously different from color of rump; bill very slightly decurved at tip. Megaquiscalus tenuirostris, adult female (p. 243) bb. Smaller (wing 104, tail 101.6); under parts dull whitish. Megaquiscalus nicaraguensis, adult female (p-. 244) I have omitted from the key a supposed Colombian form of J/. major (M. major assimilis'), not having been able to examine a specimen. MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MAJOR (Vieillot). BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE, Adult male.—Head and neck glossy dark violet, passing gradually into steel blue on the back and breast, this into dark bluish green on rump, abdomen, and flanks (duller on rump); lesser wing-coverts dark steel blue, the middle coverts green or bluish green; rest of wings, together with the tail, black, very faintly glossed with bluish green; thighs, anal region, and under tail-coverts black; bill, legs, and feet black; iris brown. Immature male (jirst year).—Black above, more or less glossed with bluish green, sooty black below. 1Megaquiscalus major assimilis (Sclater).—Bogota Grackle. (?) Quiscalus peruvianus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., pt. iii, Jan. 1, 1838, 354 (Peru; coll. W. Swainson).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 412 (crit. ). (2) Q[wiscalus] peruvianus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424 (Peru). Quiscalus assimilis ScLaTEr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. P. L. Sclater); Ibis, 1884, 156, part (Colombia; w. Peru; monogr.); Cat. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMHRICA. Dae Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck sepia brown or bistre; rest of upper parts dark sooty brown or blackish brown, faintly glossed with greenish; a more or less distinct superciliary stripe of lighter buffy brown or brownish buff; beneath this a more or less distinct postocular streak of dusky brown; auricular region, sides of neck, chest, and sides light brownish (varying from broccoli brown to isabella color); chin, throat, and abdomen similar but paler; flanks, thighs, anal region, and under tail-coverts dusky brown. Young.—Similar to adult female, but browner and without gloss above and more buffy beneath, the abdomen, chin, and throat whitish or pale buffy, the chest cinnamon-buff. Adult male.—Length (skins), 365.8-393.7 (381.5); wing, 175.8-189.2 (182.4); tail, 162.1-186.4 (170.7); culmen, from base, 41.7-46 (43.7); depth of bill at base, 13.2-14.7 (14); tarsus, 49-54.6 (51.1); middle toe, 33-38.4 (35.3)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 294.6-307.3 (302.3); wing, 133.4- 146.1 (142.7); tail, 124.5-135.9 (129.5); culmen, from base, 34.8-38.4 (37.1); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.2 (11.9); tarsus, 40.1-43.7 (42.4); middle toe, 27.9-30.5 (28.5).” South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States (including whole of Florida); north to coast of Virginia (islands above Cape Charles), west to coast of Texas (where grading into JZ. m. macrourus). Gracula barita (not of Linnzeus) Witson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, index. Quiscalus baritus PraBopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 285 (Massachusetts ?).—Lins- LEY, Am. Journ. Sci., xliv, 1848, 260 (Connecticut ?). Gracula quiscala (not of Linnzeus) Orb, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1818, 253. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 396, part (Bogota).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 410 (monogr.; Bogota).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 330 (Cienaga, Colombia).—Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 323, 751 (w. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 431.—Satrvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 270 (Colom- bia.—(?) Roprnson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 161 (Barranquilla, Colom- bia).—(?) ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Cienega, prov. Santa Marta). [ Quiscalus] assimilis SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38. Scaphidurus major assimilis Rrpaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. Quiscalus macrurus (not of Swainson) SALyry and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 482, part (Colombia; w. Peru). I have not been able to examine a specimen of this supposed form from the type locality. Messrs. Salvin and Godman refer it to M. m. macrourus; but if the measure- ments given by Dr. Sclater are correct it can not be the same. Dr. Sclater refers specimens from Veragua and the Isthmus of Panama to his Quiscalus assimilis, and restricts the range of Q. macrourus to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras; but the Veraguan and Panama examples which I have seen, also those from Cartagena, Colombia, are certainly M. m. macrourus. Therefore, if there is such a subspecies as M. major assimilis, it is probably restricted to central Colombia and southward. 'Kight specimens. ? Nine specimens. 238 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Quiscalus major VrerLLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part (Loui- siana; includes M. m. macrourus); Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 900.—Bonaparts, Am. Orn., iv, 1825, 35, pl. 4; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.—Nurra.i, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 192.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., li, 1834, 504; v, 1838, 480, pl. 187; Synopsis, 1839, 146; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 52, pl. 220.—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 555; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 420; (?) Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 20 (Browns- ville, Texas).—Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part (‘‘ North America’’); Ibis, 1884, 155 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 395.—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 494 (Houston and Galveston, Texas, May, June).—Cassrn, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 409 (monogr. ).—Covrs, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina); 1871, 25 (Fort Macon, North Carolina; habits, descr. nest and eggs, ete.); Ibis, 1870, 567 (Fort Macon, North Carolina; biography); Check List, 1873, no. 224; 2d ed., 1882, no. 334; Birds N. W., 1874, 204, part (synonymy).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 295 (e. Florida; measurements, etc.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 222, pl. 36, figs. 3, 4.—Purpris, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club. ii, 1877, 13 (references, etc., toalleged New England occurrences cited ).— Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 151.—Rma@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 277.—NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 168 (coast s. e. Texas, breeding); Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 303.—AMeERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 513.—Smirxa (H. M.), Auk, iv, 1887, 346 (breeding on Cobb’s and other islands near Cape Charles, Virginia).— Cooker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 177 (coast Louisiana and Texas).—CHAp- MAN, Auk, v, 1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida).—Scorr, Auk, vi, 1889, 321 (Tarpon Springs, Punta Rassa, and Key West, Florida).—Mortimer, Auk, vii, 1890, 341 (Orange Co., Florida; food).—Brnpirn, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 506, pl. 7, figs. 30, 31 (eggs).—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 106 (s. Louisiana, resident). Q[uiscalus] major BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 424.—Cougs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. [ Quiscalus] major Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. [ Quiscalus major] var. major Baird, BREWER, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214. [ Quiscalus major] a. major Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). Ch{alcophanes| major CaBANIs, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 196. Scaphidurus major major RipGway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. Quiscalus corvinus Swatxson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 300 (North America). Quiscalus palustris (not of Cassin) Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 218, part (Louisiana); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 276, part. MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR MACROURUS (Swainson). GREAT-TAILED GRACKLE, Similar to IZ. m. major, but larger, with the tail proportionately longer (in adult male, averaging much longer than wing instead of decidedly shorter); adult male with the violet gloss of anterior portions extend- ing farther backward, especially on under parts, where covering the breast and anterior portion of sides; adult female decidedly darker both above and below, the under parts of the body grayish brown (deep hair brown) instead of buffy brown (wood brown or isabella color), only the chin and throat being tinged with or inclining to buffy. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 239 Adult mate.— Length (skins), 393.7—-457.2 (422.4); wing, 184.2-198.9 (189.2); tail, 195.6-235 (217.2); culmen, from base, 39.6-48 (44.7); depth of bill at base, 14.2-15.7 (14.7); tarsus, 47-52.8 (51.3); middle toe, 33.5-38.4 (35.8)." Adult female.— Length (skins), 284.5-355.6 (322.6); wing, 142.2-158.5 (150.1); tail, 129-165.1 (147.8);.culmen, from base, 33.8-39.4 (87.1); depth of bill at base, 11.7-14 (12.7); tarsus, 38.4-44.5 (41.1); middle toe, 25.7—30.7 (29).? Southern Texas, and southward through eastern and southern Mexico (including Yucatan and island of Cozumel) and Central America to northern Colombia (Turbo); westward in southern Mexico to edge of the plateau in States of Michoacan (Patzcuaro), Jalisco (Etzutlan, June), and Guadalajara. Quiscalus major VieruLor, Nouy. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxviii, 1819, 487, part (Mexico). Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Bonaparts, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 110 (Mexico).—McCauti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1851, 218 (Rio Grande, Texas ).—Moorz, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras ).—Sat- VIN, Ibis, 1866, 194 (Half Moon Cay, British Honduras). Quiscalus macrourus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico).—Barrp, in Stansbury’s Rep., Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Texas); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 554; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 58.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 138 (Turbo and Carta- gena, Colombia); 1866, 410 (monogr. ).—LAwreEncr, Ann Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1865, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 104 (Costa Rica).—FRANTzIUs, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa Rica).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H.., i, 1869, 553 (hot, temperate, and alpine regions, Vera Cruz).—Covurs, Check List, 1873, no. 223.—Batirp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pl. 36, figs. 1, 2.—Ripa@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 570 (Cozumel I., Yucatan).—FErRRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 152 (Izucar de Matamoras, Puebla, Dec.; Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz).—AMERICAN ‘Seventeen specimens. There seems to be little variation in size with latitude, though Nicaraguan speci- mens are the largest and Yucatan examples the smallest in the series examined. Average measurements are as foilows: | Culmen,| Depth : . Locality. Wing./| Tail. from of bill | Tarsus. | ee base. | at base. : MALES. Hight adult males from Texas .............2..---- 188.5 | 219.2 143.4 14.5 50 34.3 Seven adult males from Yucatan ................. 187.2 | 206.2 45.7 15 DakS 36.6 Two adult males from Nicaragua ................- 197.4 | 222.8 45.7 15.5 50.5 36.6 One adult male from northern Colombia (Turbo).| 182.4 | 209 47.8 16 49 36. 1 FEMALES. Eight adult females from Texas...........--.--.-- 149.4 | 151.4 36.1 12.4] 40.4 2707 Six adult females from Yucatan .................- 149.9 | 143 37.8 13 Dlae PAE Three adult females from Nicaragua........:..... 151.6 | 147.6 | 37.8 13 42.4 30. 2 One adult female from northern Colombia (Turbo) | 146.1 | 148.3 | 36.3 12.7} 41.1 29.5 240 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. OrnitHoLoGcists’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 512.—Hancock, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas; habits; notes).—Cookr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 177 (San Antonio and lower Rio Grande valley, Texas).—Brckuam, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 672 (Corpus Christi, ete. ; habits).—Srong, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 209 (Yucatan), 212 (Ori- zaba).—ArTtTwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 238 (San Antonio, Texas, resident) .—RicH- MOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1898, 496 (San Carlos and Bluefields, Nicaragua).—Sinetry, Rep. Geol. Surv. Tex., 1894, 372 (Corpus Christi, etc.).—Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1894, 781 (Soledad, San Luis Potosi).—Bernoprre, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1896, 504, pl. 7, figs. 28, 29.— NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 302. Q[uiscalus] macrourus BoNapartTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 424 (Real del Monte).— Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 412.—Ripeaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. [ Quiscalus] macrourus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. Quisealus (err. typ.) macrourus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., v, 1852, 115 (Texas). Quiscalus macroura Barrp, Rep. U. 8. and Mex. Bound. Sury., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 20, pl. 20 (EHagle Pass, Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 419.—ButcHEr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, June). [Quiscalus major] b. macrourus Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 204 (synonymy). Quiscalus major, var. macrourus LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Guadalajara, s. w. Mexico). Ch{alcophanes] macrourus CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196 (Mexico). Chalcophanes macrourus CABANIS, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 82 (Costa Rica). Scaphidurus major macrourus Ripa@way, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. Quiscalus macrurus SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 300 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858, 358 (Comayagua, Honduras); 1864, 175 (City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141 (Orizaba; Choctum, Guatemala); Ibis, 1884, 156 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 396 (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Oaxaca; Merida and Cozumel I., Yucatan; Belize and Half Moon Cay, British Honduras; Choctum and Duefas, Guatemala; Honduras).— ScuaTerR and Sayin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Duefias; habits) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.., 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 112 (Comayagua, Honduras).—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (Matamoras, Tamaulipas, to Nueces R., Texas).—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (Costa Rica); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Barrio and Juchitan, Oaxaca, Sept., Oct. ).— Sennett, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 27 (Brownsville and Corpus Cristi Pass, Texas; habits; measurements); v, 1879, 400 (Lometa, Texas; measurements).—Merrit1, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, Texas; habits; descr., nest and eggs).—Rrmpa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 275.—Cours, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 333.—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10; An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Puntarenas; Tarcoles).—Nuttine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 383, 392, 402 (Sucuyd, Ometepe, and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua).—Boucanrp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 446 (Merida, Yucatan) .—SaAbvin and GopMav, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1887, 482.—Saxvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 270 (Guatemala) ; Ibis, 1888, 265 (Mugeres and Cozumel islands, Yucatan; Ruatan I., Hon- duras; crit. ). [ Quiscalus] macrurus ScLaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38. Quiscalus macrurus? Sauyrn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1890, 191 (Calobre and Calovevora, Veragua). [ Quiscalus major] var. macrurus Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 241 Quiscalus major, var. macrurus Bairp, Brewrer, and Rrpa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 225. Quiscalus major macrurus GoopE, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 339. Quiscalus assimilis (not of Sclater, 1862?) Sciarmr, Ibis, 1884, 156, part (Veragua; Panama); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 396, part (Calobre and Calove- vora, Veragua; Lion Hill, Pariama R. R.).—(?) Sarvaport, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, 1899, no. 339, 5 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus of Panama). [ Quiscalus] assimilis ScLaTER and Sautvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38, part ( Vera- gua; Panama). MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR OBSCURUS (Nelson). COLIMA BOAT-TAIL, Similar to I. m. macrourus, but much smaller (except feet), with relatively shorter and much thicker bill; adu/t made identical in color- ation with that of J/. m. macrourus; adult female decidedly darker than that of JZ. m. macrourus, the chin and throat broccoli brown or deep wood brown (instead of buffy), passing into deep broccoli brown, or almost bister on chest. Adult male.—Length (skins), 381-388.6 (385.3); wing, 178.3-180.8 (179.8); tail, 184.2-190.5 (188.5); culmen, from base, 41.4-41.9 (41.7); depth of bill at base, 14.5-15 (14.7); tarsus, 47.8-48.3 (48); middle toe, 34.3-35.1 (34.5). Adult female.—Length (skins), 298.5-330.2 (314.5); wing, 139.7- 149.1 (144); tail, 124.5-151.9 (138.2); culmen, from base, 33.5-35.6 (34.5); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 38.9-41.1 (40.4); middle toe, 27.9-31.2 (29.2).’ Coast district of southwestern Mexico, from State of Guerrero (Aca- pulco) through Colima (Manzanillo; Manzanillo Bay) to Territory of Tepic (Ixtapa, Tepic, Santiago, San Blas, ete.). Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Cassry, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 409, part (Colima, s.w. Mexico).—LAwrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Manzanillo Bay and plains of Colima). Quiscalus macrourus obscurus NEtson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 267 (Acapulco, Guer- rero, 8. w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). Scaphidurus major obscurus RripGway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR GRAYSONI (Sclater). GRAYSON’S BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE, Similar to JL. m. obscurus, but decidedly smaller and with relatively shorter tail (usually decidedly shorter and never much longer than wing, instead of the reverse); ad@u/t male similar in coloration to JZ m. obscurus and M. m. macrourus, but less extensively violet anteriorly, the breast, sides, and back being chiefly steel blue; adult female much paler than in the before-mentioned forms; scarcely distinguishable as to col- ! Three specimens. * Four specimens. 3654—VoL 2—O1 16 242 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. oration from that of JZ m. major, but decidedly smaller than the last named in all measurements except depth of bill. . Adult male.—Length (skins), 332.7-365.8 (842.6); wing, 163.8-168.1 (165.9); tail, 157.5-167.6 (163.6); culmen, from base, 36.1-40.6 (38.6); depth of bill at base, 18-15.2 (13.7); tarsus, 44.5-47.5 (45.7); middle toe, 30.5-33 (32).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 270.5-285.8 (275.8); wing, 131.6— 1389.7 (184.9); tail, 118.1-127.5 (124.5); culmen, from base, 30.5-33.3 (382.8); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 36.8-39.4 (88.1); middle toe, 24.9-28.2 (26.2).” Coast plain of Sinaloa, northwestern Mexico (Mazatlan, Culiacan, Escuinapa, ete.). Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Scuarrr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 141, part (Mexico). Quiscalus palustris (not Scaphidurus palustris Swainson ?) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 411 (monogr.; Mazatlan). [ Quiscalus major] var. palustris Batrp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214. Quiscalus major var. palustris LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 282 (Mazatlan; habits). (?) Quiscalus macrourus (not of Swainson) Netson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1898, 52 (Tres Marias; straggler). Quiscalus graysoni ScLATER, Ibis, 5th ser., ii, Apr., 1884, 157 (Mazatlan, n. w. Mexico; coll. Salvin and Godman); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 397.— SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 484. Q[uiscalus] grayson’ Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. Scaphidurus major graysoni Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. MEGAQUISCALUS MAJOR NELSONI Ridgway. SONORAN BOAT-TAILED GRACKLE. Similar to MZ. m. graysoni, but averaging slightly smaller, with slightly longer bill; adult female much paler, the under parts (in winter plumage) light wood brown, passing into brownish cream buff on throat and chin and into grayish brown on flanks, thighs, and anal region, the under tail-coverts dark grayish brown; pileum and. hind- neck light sepia brown, the scapulars and interscapulars margined - with the same. : Adult male.—Length (skins), 345.4-353.1 (848); wing, 159.5-167.1 (164.6); tail, 154.9-166.4 (161); culmen, from base, 59.4-40.4 (89.6); depth of bill at base, 13; tarsus, 41.9-45.5 (43.7); middle toe, 30.7-31.8 (31).° Adult female.—Length (skins), 279.4; wing, 129.5-134.6 (132.3); tail, 120.1-124.5 (122.9); culmen, from base, 33.5-35.3 (34.3); depth of bill at base, 11.4-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 37.6-40.1 (89.1); middle toe, 25.9-27.9 (26.9).° ' Five specimens. ?Six specimens. * Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 243 Coast district of Sonora, northwestern Mexico (Alamos, Camoa, Guaymas, etc.). Quiscalus major (not of Vieillot) Gamer, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, i, 1847, 47 (Gulf of California, occasionally to “ Upper California’’); Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (do.). Quiscalus palustris (not Scaphidurus palustris Swainson) Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 218 (Gulf of California); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 276, part—Br.pina, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, Sonora). Scaphidurus major nelsoni Ripaway Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., ili, Apr. 15, 1901, 151, 152 (Alamos, Sonora, n. w. Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus. ). MEGAQUISCALUS TENUIROSTRIS (Swainson). SLENDER-BILLED GRACKLE. Much smaller than any of the forms of major and with bill much more slender. Adult male.—Glossy purplish black, much as in Jf, MAJOY MUACPOUPUS, but the gloss duller and more reddish violet on head, neck, and breast; length (skins), about 330.2-368.3: wing, 169.7-170.2 (169.9); tail, 177.8- 189.2 (183.4); exposed culmen, 34.3; depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 45.7; middle toe, 30.5.! Adult female.—Pileum, hindneck, and back brown (between burnt umber and prouts brown), darker on posterior portion of back and scapulars; rump blackish brown; wings, upper tail-coverts, and tail brownish black; lores dusky brown: auricular region similar in color to pileum, and separated from the latter by a rather distinct super- ciliary stripe of wood brown or cinnamon-buffy; under parts (except flanks, anal region, and under tail-coverts) tawny brown or cinnamon, paler and more buffy on throat and abdomen, still paler on chin; flanks, anal region, and under tail-coverts dusky brown; length (skins), 251.5- 309.9 (279.9); wing, 128.3-134.6 (181.8); tail, 132.1-135.1 (133.6); exposed culmen, 28.5-30.5 (29.5); depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 37.6-38.1 (37.8); middle toe, 25.4-96.7 (26.2).? Central Mexico (marshes near the City of Mexico). (?) Scaphidurus palustris Swarxson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 436 (near City of Mexico). (?) ScLaphidurus] palustris 30NAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 426 (Mexico). Quiscalus tenuirostris Swarnson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299, fig. 51, b. ec. (near City of Mexico).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 411 (monogr.).— ScLATER, Ibis, 1884, 157, pl. 5 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 397.—SaLvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 485. Q[wiscalus] tenuirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 424 (Mexico).—Batrp, Brewer, and Rinaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 214.—Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 381. [Quiscalus] tenuirostris ScLArER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. Scaphidurus tenuirostris RipGway, Proce. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. ‘Measurements from specimens in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., and as given by Sclater in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, p. 397. *Three specimens; one in U. S. Nat. Mus. collection, two in collection of Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., the latter measured by Mr. Witmer Stone. 244 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. MEGAQUISCALUS NICARAGUENSIS (Salvin and Godman). NICARAGUAN GRACKLE. Adult male.—Entire plumage black, the head, neck, body, smaller wing-coverts, and tail-coverts glossed with violet, the larger wing- coverts, remiges, and rectrices slightly glossed with greenish; the violet gloss most pronounced on rump and under parts, inclining to bronzy on back and chest; bill, legs, and feet black; iris silvery white;' length (skins), about 279.4-304.8 (292.1);* wing, 1.275” tail, 134.6-139.7 (137.2);? culmen, from base, 34.3;* depth of bill at base, 9.9;° tarsus, 36.6—-38.1 (37.3); middle toe, 29.2.° Adult female.—‘**Above brown, the back, wings, and tail darker and tinged with purple; an obsolete superciliary stripe and parotie region much paler; beneath dirty white, the breast slightly darker, the flanks and under tail-coverts brown; bill and feet black; length, 241.3; wing, 104.1; tail, middle rectrices, 101.6; lateral rectrices, 63.55 bill to riectus, 29.2; tarsus, 31.8.” (Salvin and Godman, translation of description. ) Nicaragua (Momotombo and Managua, Lake Managua). I have not seen the female or young of this species, which, judging from the description of Messrs: Salvin and Godman, seems to be very much paler beneath than that of JL tenwirostris. Not having seen the male of the latter, I am unable to state the differences between it and the male of the present bird. Quiscalus nicaraguensis Satvin and Gopman, Ibis, 6th ser., iii, Oct., 1891, 612 (Momotombo, Lake Managua, Nicaragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).— Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 496, in text sub. Q. macrourus (San Carlos, Nicaragua). Scaphicurus nicaraguensis Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152. Genus SCOLECOPHAGUS Swainson. Scolecophagus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 286, 494. (Type, Oriolus ferrugineus Gmelin, = Turdus carolinus Muller. ) Euphagus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 413. (Type, -sarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler. ) Medium-sized or rather small and slender Icteridee, with bill narrow and shorter than head, wing long and pointed, tail nearly as long as wing, moderately rounded, not plicate; adult males entirely glossy black, females and young grayish brown or slaty. Bill shorter than head, narrowly conoid, slightly decurved at tip, compressed (especially the terminal half); its basal depth about one- half the exposed culmen or a little less, its basal width still less; cul- men decidedly but not strongly decurved at tip, slightly elevated and 1 As noted on label of specimen in U. 8S. Nat. Mus. collection. 2 Two specimens. °’One specimen, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 945 arched basally, straight or faintly depressed in middle, rather dis- tinctly ridged (more flattened in S. cyanocephalus); gonys nearly or quite straight, slightly shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight for most of its length, more or less decurved termi- nally, more or less concave subbasally, then gradually deflexed to the rictus. Nostril longitudinal, more or less triangular, or slit-like, overhung by a broad and slightly convex membranous operculum, its posterior end in contact with feathering of frontal anti. Wing long (between five and six times as long as culmen), with tip well produced (projecting one and a half times to nearly twice the length of the cul- men), pointed; outermost (ninth) primary intermediate between seventh and sixth or sixth and fifth, the eighth, seventh, or sixth longest (these three sometimes equal); inner webs of three outer primaries very faintly sinuated nearends. Tail not plicate, more than three-fourths to more than four-fifths as long as wing, slightly but decidedly rounded, the rectrices rather broad and with rounded tips. Tarsus much longer than culmen, less than one-fourth as long as wing, rather slender, its anterior scutella distinct on inner side, less so on outer; middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus; claw of outer toe falling short of base of middle claw, the inner slightly shorter; hallux decidedly shorter than lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. .Coloration.—Adult males entirely black, more or less glossy, the iris white or pale yellow; adult females and young grayish brown or dull slaty; one species with both sexes more or less varied with rusty in autumn and winter, especially younger birds. Range.—North America. (Two species. ) KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCOLECOPHAGUS. a. Plumage black, more or less glossed with green, ete. (Adult males. ) b. Bill slender, itsdepth at base much less than half the lateral length of mandible; plumage very faintly glossed with green, the head and neck still more faintly glossed with bluish. (Winter plumage more or less obscured by deep rusty or chestnut above, cinnamon-buffy beneath.) (Northern and eastern North PANTO TE Cals) es ae cet ie eos oso oe Scolecophagus carolinus, adult male (p. 246) bb. Bill stouter, its depth at base nearly equal to half the lateral length of mandible; plumage strongly glossed with green, changing to violet on head and neck. (Winter plumage faintly varied with grayish brown above. ) (Western and southwestern North America. ) Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, adult male (p. 248) aa. Plumage grayish (sometimes more or less varied with rusty and cinnamon- buffy). (Adult females and young. ) b. Bill slender, etc. c. Plumage dull slate color (in winter more or less overspread above by deep rusty, beneath by cinnamon-buffy). Scolecophagus carolinus, adult female (p. 246) cc. Plumage brownish gray (without rusty, etc., in winter). Scolecophagus carolinus, young (p. 246) Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, adult female and young (p 249) 246 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SCOLECOPHAGUS CAROLINUS (Miiller). RUSTY BLACKBIRD, Adult male in summer.—Unitorm black, faintly glossed with bluish green changing to dull violet-bluish on head and neck; under tail- coverts more or less distinctly margined with whitish; bill, legs, and feet, black; iris pale yellow or yellowish white. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer piumage, but the black obscured or overlaid by rusty brown (burnt umber) on pileum, hind- neck, back, and scapulars, and by cinnamon-buffy on superciliary and malar regions, chin, throat, chest, and sides.’ Adult female in summer.—Uniform dull slate color, darker and faintly glossed with bluish green on upper parts; bill, legs, and feet black; iris pale yellow. Adult female in winter.—Similar to the summer plumage, but pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars more or less washed or overlaid by rusty brown, tertials and greater wing-coverts more or less margined with the same, a more or less conspicuous superciliary stripe of buffy, and feathers of malar region, chin, throat, chest, and sides more or less broadly tipped with pale wood brown or brownish buffy. Young.—Above dark sooty brown, more slate-dusky on remiges and rectrices; tertials and terminal portion of greater and middle wing- coverts margined with rusty; a more or less distinct superciliary stripe of light rusty or brownish; under parts brownish gray, more or less tinged with light buffy brown (wood brown or isabella color) on malar region, chin, throat, chest, ete. Adult male.—Length (skins), 209.6-236.2 (219.2); wing, 114.3-116.8 (115.3); tail, 86.1-92.7 (89.9); exposed culmen, 18.3-19.8 (18.8); depth of bill at- base, 8.1-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 30-31.8 (80.5); middle toe, 21.1-22.4 (21.8).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 198.1-210.8 (2038.7); wing, 106.9- 111.5 (108.7); tail, 79-83.8 (81.5); exposed culmen, 17.3-19.1 (18.3); depth of bill at base, 7.6-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 29.5-31.2 (30.5); middle toe, 20.6—22.6 (21.3). Northern and eastern North America; breeding from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, northern Maine, New Hampshire (White Mountains), Vermont, northern New York (south to Herkimer County), and 'The extent of this rusty and buffy coloring varies exceedingly in different indi- viduals, probably according to age. In some (doubtless younger birds) the rusty is nearly uniform on the pileum and hindneck, and forms very broad tips to the scapu- lars and interscapulars, while the cinnamon-buffy forms a conspicuous broad super- ciliary stripe and is nearly uniform over the malar region, chin, and throat. Other win- ter males (probably very old individuals) have scarcely a trace of this rusty and buffy coloring, being quite like summer specimens, except that the plumage is more highly glossed. * Five specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 247 northern Michigan north to Ungava (Fort Chimo), and northwest- wardly to the Arctic coast and Alaskan shores of Bering Sea; south in winter to the Gulf coast (Florida to Texas); west, more or less regularly, to western border of the Great Plains, casually to Lower California (San Pedro Martir Mountains); accidental in Greenland. Turdus carolinus MUuuEr, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 140 (based on Mawvis de la Caroline Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 556, fig. 2,= female in autumn). Scolecophagus carolinus Rrpaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 356; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 322.—AmeErIcAN OrniITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 509.—Smira, Auk, iii, 1886, 284 (Denver, Colorado, Dec. 17).— Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 168 (St. Michaels, Yukon R., etc.).—NeEtson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 169 (coast Bering Sea, etc. ).—Townsenp, Cruise ‘‘Corwin’’ in 1885 (1887), 93 (Kotzebue Sound and lower Kowak R., Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 12 (Kowak R.).—THorNg, Auk, iv, 1887, 264 (Fort Lyon, e. Colorado).—Cooxs, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 172 (breeding from Manitoba northward, wintering from St. Louis, Missouri, southward; dates of migr., etc.); Birds Colorado, 1897, 95 (Denver, 2 specs., Dec. 17, 1883; Loveland, 1 spec., Nov. 1889).—THompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 581 (Manitoba, migrant).—Hacrrup, Auk, viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland ).—MacrarLang, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 440 (Fort Anderson, Horton R., ete., breeding).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 408 (e. Kansas, Oct. to Mar.).—Coomps, Auk, ix, 1892, 205 (Bayou Teche, Louisiana, abt. fall and spring).—Dwieat, Auk, x, 1893, 10 (Prince Edward I., breeding).—AnrnHony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California, accidental).—Wayner, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, winter).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 489, pl. 7, figs. 14-16.—Nenruine, Our Native Birds, ete., 11, 1896, 298.—Knicut, Bull. no. 3, Univ. Maine, 1897, 88 (breeding in n. counties and Magulloway district, Maine).—Oscoop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 77 (Tyonek, Cook Inlet, Alaska, Sept.; Ft. Kenai, Alaska, May, July). S[colecophagus] carolinus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. Turdus brunneus Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 32, part (based on Mauvis, de la Caroline Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 556, fig. 2). [Oriolus] ferrugineus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Rusty Oriole Pen- nant, Arctic Zool., ii, 260).—LatrHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. Gracula ferruginea WiLson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 41, pl. 21, fig. 3. Quiscalus ferrugineus BonAPARTE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 55.—Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 129.—AupugBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 325; v, 1839, 483, pl. 147; Synopsis, 1839, 146, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 65, pl. 222. Q[uiscalus] ferrugineus MAxtmILiran, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 204 (descriptions; food, ete. ). Scolecophagus ferrugineus SwAINson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 286.—BonaPArRTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.—WoopHousk, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuniand Col. R., 1853, 78, part (Indian Territory ).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 551; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 417.— Cours, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 225 (coast Labrador, breeding); Check List, 1873, no. 221; 2d ed., 1882, no. 331; Birds N. W., 1874, 198; Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Souris R., etc., North Dakota, Sept.).—Btaxiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breed- ing); 1863, 82.—Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140; Ibis, 1884, 150 (monogr. ), Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 390.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 412 (monogr.).—Datt and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 285 (Nulato, Fort Yukon, ete., Alaska, breeding).—ALLEeN, Bull. Mus. Comp. 248 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Zool., ii, 1871, 291 (e. Florida, winter).—Harrtina, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 114 (Arctic Am.).—Maywnarp, Proc. Bost. Soc., xiv, 1872, 375 (Lake Umbagog and McGalloway valley, Maine, and White Mts., New Hamp- shire, breeding); Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 146.—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (e. Kansas, migr.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 203, pl. 35, fig. 4:—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 442 (n. New England, breeding).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 176 (Upton, Maine; descr. young).—Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 10 (Coosada, Alabama, winter).—Kumuren, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 78 (off n. coast Newfoundland, Oct.).—Rip@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 273.—CHAMBERLAIN, Bull. no. 1, Nat. Hist. Soc. N. B., 1882, 42 (New Brunswick, summer res.).—NeEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (Harris Co., Texas, Mar.).—Netson, Cruise ‘‘Corwin”’ in 1881 (1883), 73 (e. shores Bering Sea).—Frinscu, Journ. ftir Orn., 1883, 271 (Portage Bay, Alaska, May 10).—McLeneraan, Cruise ‘‘Corwin,’’ 1884, 116 (Kowak R., ete., Alaska, breeding).—Turner, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 241 (Fort Chimo, Ungava, breeding).—Banxs, Auk, ii, 1885, 106 (near St. Johns, New Brunswick, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—BICKNELL, Auk, li, 1885, 252 (song). [Scolecophagus] ferrugineus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160. S[colecophagus] ferrugineus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411. [Scolecophagus] niger BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 423. Sc[olecophagus] niger CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 195. [Oriolus] fuscus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 393 (based on Brown-headed Oriole Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 259). [ Turdus] hudsonius GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 818 (based on Hudsonian Thrush Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 204, = autumnal female ?). [Turdus] noveboracensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 818 (based on New York Thrush Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 205, autumnal male?). [ Turdus] labradorius GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 832 (based on Labrador Thrush Pennant, Arctic Zool., ii, 206,=spring or summer male).—LaTHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 342. [ Oriolus] leucocephalus LatHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 175. Gracula quiscula var. LAtHAM, Index Orn., i, 1790, 191. “Vanthocephalus canthocephalus’’ WARREN (O. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 191 (n. Mich- igan; see Warren, Auk, xv, 1898, 193). Pendulinus ater Vre1tiotT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., vy, 1816, 320. Ch{alcophanes] virescens WAGLER, Syst. Ay., 1827, App. Oriolus, sp. 9. SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (Wagler). BREWER’S BLACKBIRD. Adult male in summer.—Entirely black, the head and neck strongly glossed with violet, the rest of the plumage with bluish green; bill, legs, and feet black; iris pale yellow or yellowish white. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer plumage, but more highly glossed. (Some specimens, doubtless younger birds, have the feathers of the back indistinctly margined terminally with grayish brown, those of the chest with pale buffy grayish.) Immature male in first winter.—Similar to the adult male, but BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 249 feathers of head, neck, back, scapulars, chest, and sides narrowly tipped with grayish brown (paler and more buffy on under parts). Adult female in summer.—Head, neck, and under parts brownish slate-color or dark brownish gray, faintly glossed with greenish on under parts of body and with violet on head and neck, especially on pileum and hindneck; upper parts darker, especially the wings and tail, which are more strongly glossed with bluish green; bill, legs, and feet black; iris ight brown. Adult female in winter.—Similar to the summer plumage, but color of head, neck, and anterior under parts paler and more buffy gray (the superciliary region, malar region, chin, and throat pale hair brown). Young.—Very similar in coloration to winter females, but texture of plumage very different and feathers without gloss. Adult male.—Length (skins), 213.4-247.7 (228.6); oe 120.1-133.9 (128.5); tail, 91.9-107.2 (98.8); exposed culmen, 21.1—23.6 (22.6); depth of bill at base, 9.1-10.2 (9.7); tarsus, 30.5-33 (82.3); ae toe, 20.3- 22.4 (21.3).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 198.1-221 (210.8); wing, 115.8-119.6 (117.6); tail, 87.1-92.7 (88.9); exposed culmen, 19.1—20.8 (20.1); depth of bill at base, 8.4-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 28.7-32 (80.5); middle toe, 19.8—21.1 (20.3).’ Western United States and British provinces and greater part of Mexico; north to British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (breeding); east to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas, occasionally, during migrations, to lowa, Wis- consin, Illinois, Missouri, Louisiana, and even South Carolina; breed- ing Pratl to Lower Calton (San Pedro Martir range, 8,200 feet; San Fernando), southern Texas (San Antonio; Houston; Brownsville2): and northern Tamaulipas (Matamoras)?;° in winter over the whole of ' Hight specimens. *Nine specimens. California specimens average decidedly smaller than those from east of the Sierra Nevada, as the following measurements show: | | Ex- | Depth Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus. |culmen.| at base. Middle toe. MALES. Three adult males from California (2) and Ore- OMS (ese se = ee peas Ses tider oeaaereaeseeess 122.9 94.7 | 21.8 9.4 31.8 21.8 Five adult males from Rocky Mountain plateau..! 131.1 | 101.1 959 32.5 21.1 by FEMALES. Five adult females from California ....-........-- 173 88.4 | 20.1 8.9 30.2 20.3 Four adult females from Rocky Mountain plateau.| 118.9 89.9 | 19.8 9.1 31 20.3 ’The breeding record for Matamoras is somewhat doubtful. The species undoubt- edly breeds over the more nothern portions of Mexico, but I have not data which would enable me to define with greater precision the southern limits of the breeding range. 250 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mexico (except Yucatan and parts of the ¢/erra caliente) to northern Guatemala (Chancol). ; Ps{arocolius| cyanocephalus WAGuER, Isis, 1829, 758 (Mexico; no locality given). Sc[olecophagus] cyanocephalus CaBANtIs, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 195. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 552; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 418; Rep. U. 8S. and Mex. Bound. Survy., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 20 (Santa Rosalia, Mexico ).—HErERMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., x, pt. vi, 1859, 53 (California; New Mexico; Texas; habits).—Cooprrand Suck Ley, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 209 (Washington, Oregon, ete. ).— Buaxkiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, breeding).—ScLarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140 (California); Ibis, 1884, 151 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 390 (Ciudad Durango; near City of Mexico; Oaxaca; ‘Central America?’’; etc.).—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding; Matamoras, Tamaulipas, July, abundant).—Coves, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 90 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, resident); Check List, 1873, no. 222; 2d ed., 1882, no. 332; Birds N. W., 1874, 199; Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 605 (Pembina, etc., North Dakota, breeding).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 413 (monogr.).—BurcHeEr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, Nov. to Feb.).—SumicuHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Orizaba and plateau of Mexico in winter).—Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 278.—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (e. Kansas, common).—LAwrENce, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Mazatlan).—Bartrp, Brewer, and Rrpe@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 206, pl. 35, fig.3.—HensHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1874, 82 (Garland, Colorado; descr. nest and eggs, ete.), 122 (New Mexico and Ari- ~ zona; habits); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 321 (localities in Utah, Col- orado, New Mexico, and Arizona; habits).—Ripe@way, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 510 (Nevada and Utah; habits, etc.); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 274; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 323.—Srennerr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 27 (Brownsville, Texas, breeding); v, 1879, 399 (Lometa, s. e. Texas; not breeding ?).—MeErrIL1, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, Texas, Oct. to Apr.).—Merarns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 166 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon, resident; habits); Auk, vii, 1890, 258 (Mogollon and San Francisco Mts., ete., Arizona, breeding in pine belt; habits, etc. ).— NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 167 (Houston, etc., s. e. Texas, breeding); Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 299, pl. 17, fig. 5. —BELDING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 546 (San José del Cabo, Lower California, breed- ing), 547 (Miraflores, Lower California); vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas, Sonora).— AcerrsporG, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding).—Srron, Auk, © iii, 1886, 322 (w. Manitoba, breeding).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, Check List, 1886, no. 510.—FERRARI-PEREz, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 152 (San Baltazar, Puebla, Nov.; Nativitas, Tlaxcala, Dec.).—BrckHAm, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 671 (Texas localities; habits).—Satvrin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 480.—Loomis, Auk, iv, 1887, 76 (Chester, South Carolina, 3 specimens, Dec. 9); viii, 1891, 167 (do.).—CooxkeE, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 173 (breeding in w. Manitoba, Vermilion, Dakota, and Caddo, Indian Territory; other localities and dates).—Konn, Auk, vi, - 1889, 190 (New Orleans, Louisiana, small flock, Dee. 23, 1888).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 409 (w. Kansas, resident).—Harcn, Birds Minn., 1892, 286 (breeding along Red R. and e. to Crow Wing Co. ).—THompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 581 (Manitoba; breeding at Winnipeg, Ossawa, Car- berry, ete.; habits).—Fanniy, Check List Birds Brit. Columbia, 1891, 34 (both sides Cascade Mts.).—Nurrine, Bull. Lab. N. H. Uniy. Iowa, ii, no. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 251 3, 1893, 274 (lower Saskatchewan ).—AnrtnHony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California, breeding); Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fer- nando, Lower California, breeding ).—Brnprrp, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 493, pl. 7, figs. 17-20 (eggs).—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 42 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft.). Sc[olecophagus] cyanocephalus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 195, footnote (Mexico). S[colecophagus] cyanocephalus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 411.— Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 379. [Scolecophagus] cyanocephalus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 160.—ScLATER and Satvrin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. Scoleophagus cyanocephalus Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 (Louisiana in winter). Scolecophagus mexicanus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 302 (Mexico).—Barrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (Fort Union; California) .—Nerw- BERRY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (California; Oregon; Fort Van- couver, Washington). Sc[olecophagus] mexicanus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 423 (w. Mexico; N. Am.) Quiscalus mexicanus HEERMANN, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., ser. 2, ii, 1852, 268 (California). . Quiscalus breweri AupuBON, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1848, 345, pl. 492 (‘‘ upper Missouri River and Yellowstone’’ ). Scolecophagus ferrugineus (not Oriolus ferrugineus Gmelin) AupUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 146, part (Columbia R.).—GamBet, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, i, 1847, 47.—Woopnouse, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 78, part (Texas; New Mexico; California).—Ho.prEn, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 203 (Sherman, Wyoming, breeding). Scolcophagus ferrugineus GAMBEL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 203 (New Mexico; California). Quiscalus purpureus (not of Woodhouse) NEwserry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 86 (San Francisco, California). Scolecophagus carolinus (not Turdus carolinus Miller) Srron, Auk, iii, 1886, 322 (Big Plain and Winnipeg, Manitoba, breeding). Genus PTILOXENA Chapman. Ptiloxena CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, no. 1, Dec., 1892, 307. (Type, Quiscalus atroviolaceus D’ Orbigny.) Medium-sized semi-terrestrial Icteridze with bill shorter than head, decidedly curved above, about half as deep at the base as length of culmen; nostrils small, narrow, obliquely vertical, above lateral median line of -maxilla; wing moderate with tip subtruncate; tail about four-fifths as long as wing, not plicate, rounded, with rectrices broad and rounded at ends; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter than tarsus, and claws of lateral toes falling short of base of middle claw; structure of feathers of anterior contour feathers (especially on chest) peculiar, the barbicels on terminal two-thirds fasciculate and adherent to the barb; coloration uniform black, slightly glossed (sexes alike). Bill shorter than head, conical, but with upper outline decidedly 252 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. convex, its depth at base a little less than half the length of culmen, its basal width decidedly less than half the length of exposed culmen; culmen gently convex (the terminal portion more decidedly so), the middle portion nearly straight, distinctly ridged, but the ridge broad and rounded; gonys straight, decidedly shorter than maxilla from nostril; commissure nearly straight or slightly convex in middle, straight or faintly concave terminally and subbasally, the basal por- tion strongly but not abruptly deflexed to the rictus. Nostril small, narrow, oblique (anterior end highest), decidedly above lateral median line of maxilla, posteriorly in contact with dense feathering of the frontal antie, the latter filling the greater part of the nasal fosse, leaving but a small and narrow membrane exposed above and mostly behind the nostril. Wing moderate (nearly five times as long as cul- men, nearly four times as long as tarsus), the tip moderately produced (a little longer than tarsus), slightly rounded or subtruncate; outer- most (ninth) primary equal to fifth or a little shorter; seventh or seventh and sixth primaries longest, the eighth but little shorter; inner webs of three or four outer primaries slightly sinuated beyond middle. Tail not plicate, about four-fifths as long as wing (about four times as long as culmen), rounded, the rectrices slightly wider terminally and with rounded tips. Tarsus much longer than culmen (a little less than one-third as long as tail), its anterior scutella dis- tinct; middle toe, with claw, slightly shorter than tarsus; claws of lateral toes falling short of base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Plumage of the throat and chest peculiar; ‘‘the barbicels, while apparently of normal number, are fasciculate, and, except at its basal third, adhere to the barb; for the terminal half of the feather, there- fore, the barbs have no connection with one another, and this gives to the parts in which these feathers grow a finely streaked, hairy appearance.” ! Coloration.—Entirely black, glossed with violet (bluish green on wings and tail); sexes alike in color. Range.—Peculiar to the island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. (Mono- typic.) PTILOXENA ATROVIOLACEA (D’Orbigny). DORBIGNY’S BLACKBIRD. Adults (sexes alike).—Uniform glossy black, the head, neck, and chest with a slight bluish reflection, passing into a more violet hue on back, scapulars, lesser and middle wing-coverts, rump, and under parts of body, the gloss on margins of greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices bluish or bluish green; bill, legs, and feet, black; iris brown.’ 1Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, 1892, pp. 307, 308. ?J. H. Riley, manuscript. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 259 Adult male.—Length (skins), 236.2-254 (239.3); wing, 131.3-141 (136.1); tail, 105.2-112.8 (109); culmen (from base), 24.9-27.7 (25.7); depth of bill at base, 11.7-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 32.5-35.6 (83.8); middle toe, 23.9-27.7 (25.7).7 — Adult female.—Length (skins) ,217.2-248.8 (228. 3); wing, 122.4-132.6 (128.5); tail, 97.3-105.9 (101.6); culmen (from base), 22.9-24.4 (28.6); depth of bill at base, 10.9-12.2 ( 11.7); tarsus, 30-32.3 (31); middle toe, 92.6-23.4 (23.1).! Island of Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. Quiscalus atroviolaceus D’ OrBieny, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 121.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 227; Birds W. I., 1889, 114. [ Quiscalus] atroviolaceus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. S{caphidurus] atroviolaceus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1849, 341. Sc[aphidurus] atroviolaceus BONAPARTE, Consp. Av. 1, 1850, 426. Sc[olecophagus] atroviolaceus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, Sept., 1851, 196. Scolecophagus atroviolaceus CABANIS, Journ. fiir Orn., iv, 1856, 15 (descr. eggs) .— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 415 (monogr.).—GuNpDLAcH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 1866, 259; Journ. ftir Orn., 1874, 134. Dives atroviolaceus ScLatTErR, Ibis, 1884, 152 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xi, 1886, 393 (San Cristobal, Cuba).—Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 111, 129 (Cuba and Isle of Pines). Ptiloxena atroviolaceus CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, no. 1, Dec., 1892, 307. (2) Chaleophanes quiscalus GUNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 16 (Cuba) ; 1871, 288 (do.). (?) Scolecophagus equatorialis (not Quiscalus zquatorialis Sclater) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Dec., 1866, 414 (no locality; crit.) Genus DIVES Cassin. Dives Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 413. (Type, Lampropsar dives Bonaparte. ) Medium-sized Icteride of uniform black coloration, with bill shorter than head, wing rather short and rounded, tail nearly as long as wing, rounded, with very broad rectrices, and stout feet. Bill slightly to decidedly shorter than head, narrowly conical, com- pressed, rather obtuse, its basal depth a little less than one-half the length of culmen, its basal width decidedly less; culmen nearly straight but slightly convex, broad but not flattened, ridged laterally above nasal fosse; gonys straight or very faintly convex, slightly shorter than - distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; commissure nearly straight to the rictal portion, where strongly detlexed. Nostril small, roundish, posteriorly touching feathers of frontal antiz, overhung by a convex membranous operculum. Wing moderate or rather short (about four anda half times as long as culmen); wing-tip short (about as long as maxilla from frontal anti), rounded; outermost (ninth) primary shorter than second, the fifth longest, but eighth, seventh, sixth, and fourth nearly as long; inner webs of outermost primaries not sinuated. 1 Five specimens. 254 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Tail not plicate (7), nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices broad. Tarsus much longer than culmen, rather stout, the anterior scutella very distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus but decidedly longer than culmen; lateral toes about equal, rather short, their claws not reaching to base of middle claw; hallux nearly as long as lateral toes, much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit. Coloration.—Unitorm black, in both sexes. Range.—Southern Mexico to western Peru. (Three species, two of them South American. ) DIVES DIVES (Lichtenstein). SUMICHRAST’S BLACKBIRD, Adult male.—Entirely uniform deep black, with a slight greenish blue gloss, especially on head, neck, and anterior under parts; bill, legs, and feet black; length (skins), 264.2-281.9 (271.8); wing, 123.2- 132.8 (127.3); tail, 114.3-127 (119.1); culmen, from base, 28.5—32 (30.5); depth of bill at base, 13-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 38.1-40.4 (39.4); middle toe, 25.4-27.9 (26.2)." Adult female.—Similar to the male in plumage but smaller and usually with the black slightly less intense or gtossy; length (skins), 235-255.3 (2438.1); wing, 112.3-116.8 (113); tail, 102.1-114.3 (109); cul- men, from base, 27.4-29.2 (27.9); depth of bill at base, 12.4-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 36.8-38.6 (387.6); middle toe, 22.9-24.9 (23.9).” A series of ten adults from Yucatan, embracing both sexes, but unfortunately none of them with sex determined, measure as follows: Length (skins), 233.7-—287 (255) ; wing, 111.3-128.3 (120.4); tail, 97.8-121.9 (111.3); culmen, from base, 27.2-30.5 (28.5); depth of bill at base, 13.2-15.5 (14); tarsus, 35.6-39.1 (37.3); middle toe, 23.4-27.4 (25.1). Young.—Uniform dull sooty black or very dark sooty brown, rather lighter on under parts of body; remiges and rectrices as in adults. Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Chichicaxtli, Mirador, Orizaba, Coatzocoaleos, Plan del Rio, etc.), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Mexico (Valley of Mexico), Oaxaca (Tuxtepec, Chiltepec, Playa Vicente, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, etc.), Chiapas (Guichicovi), and Yuca- tan, and southward through eastern and central Guatemala to British Honduras (Belize) and Honduras (Guaruma). Icterus dives LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vég., 1830, 1 (Mexico; see Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 56). [Lampropsar] dives Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 425.—ScLaTER and SALvIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 38. L{ampropsar] dives CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 194, footnote (Chiltepec; Cos- amaluapan; Real del Monte). Lampropsar dives CaABants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 83 (crit. nomencl. ).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 446 (Merida, n. Yucatan). ‘Seven specimens. *Six specimens. » + tale ou S., Ee “7 f, — = ” . — eee ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 255 Scolecophagus dives Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, Dec., 1866, 413 (monogr. ). Dives dives FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 152 (Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz).—Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 470 (Guaruma, Honduras).—Srong, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 209 (int. Yucatan ).— CHapmMan, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vili, 18€5, 281 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan; notes); x, 1898, 30 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). Quiscalus ? SctaTerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 300 (near Cordova, Vera Cruz). Quiscalus sumichrasti Dr SaussurgE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1859, 119, pl. 3, figs. 2-4 (Mexico).—Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 381 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); 1864, 175 (Valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 140 (Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—Satvin and ScLaTEr, Ibis, 1860, 398 (Coban and Tactic, Vera Paz, Guatemala).—Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot and temperate regions, Vera Cruz). Quiscalus sumichrastii SumicHRast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (hot and temperate zones, Vera Cruz). ; Dives sumichrasti Scuater, Ibis, 1884, 152 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 392 (Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Merida, n. Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Choctum and Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala).—Satvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 481 (Chiltepec, Cosamaloapan, etc., Mexico; Achil, ete., Guatemala, ete. ). Quiscalus mexicanus (not of Cassin) Lawrence, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No. 4, 1876, 24 (Guichicovi, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca). Genus ICTERUS Brisson. Icterus Brisson, Orn., ii, 1760, 85. (Type, by elimination, Oriolus.icterus Linnzeus. ) Xanthornus 3covoxt, Intr. ad, Hist. Nat., 1777, 481. (Type, Oriolus icterus Lin- neeus. ) Pendulinus Vieitiot, Analyse, 1816, 33. (Type, Oriolus spurius Linneeus. ) Yphantes Vieiiiot, Analyse,1816, 33. (Type, Oriolus baltimore Linnzeus, = Coracias galbula Linneeus. ) Yphanthes Viettiot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1828, 708. Hyphantes (emendation) Casanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 183. Bananivorus BoNAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxvii, 1853, 834. (Type, Oriolus bonana Linneeus. ) Euopsar Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 47. (Type, Psaro- colius croconotus Wagler. ) Andriopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 49. (Type, Psarocolius gularis Wagler. ) Ateleopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 53. (Type, Psarocolius melanocephalus Wagler.) Cassiculoides Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 54. (Type, Icterus parisorum Bonaparte. ) Poliopsar Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 55. (Type, Icterus wagleri Sclater. ) Melanopsar Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 56. (Type, Oriolus chrysocephalus Linnzus. ) Icterioides Cassin, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, xix, Apr., 1867, 60. (Type, Icterus auricapillus Cassin.) Aporophantes Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 63. (Type, Agelaius pyrrhopterus Vieillot. ) 256 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, Small or medium-sized arboreal Icteridee with bill elongate-conical, acute, not longer than head; nasal fossee well defined, broad and rounded anteriorly, the nostrils overhung by a conspicuous semicorneous oper- culum; tail more than three-fourths as long as wing (often as long as, sometimes longer than wing), more or less rounded (sometimes gradu- ated); tarsi rather short (never very much longer than culmen, some- times shorter), and middle toe, with claw, never longer than tarsus (usually shorter); colors usually black and orange or black and yellow, in large strongly contrasted areas; if without orange or yellow. chest- nut or orange-brown replacing those colors. Bill much shorter than head to about as long, elongate-conical, acute, with straight outlines or with the tip slightly decurved, its depth at base usually less than half the length of commissure, sometimes (in I. wanthornus) nearly if not quite equal to length of gonys; culmen straight or rather strongly (but gradually) decurved terminally, the mesorhinium usually narrow and distinctly (sometimes almost sharply) ridged, more rarely broader and rounded, or even somewhat flattened; gonys straight or slightly decurved terminally; commissure straight to behind nostril, or slightly arched, the rictal portion strongly and more or less abruptly deflexed. Nostril longitudinal, narrow (linear or more or less crescentic), overhung by a very distinct semicorneous operculum, the anterior end of the nasal fossz broad and rounded. Wing moderate, its tip moderately produced, rounded or subtruncate; outermost (ninth) primary always shorter than sixth, sometimes shorter than third, the eighth to seventh, eighth to fifth, or seventh to fifth longest; inner webs of longer primaries very faintly or not appreciably sinuated. Tail decidedly shorter than wing to longer than wing, slightly rounded to strongly graduated (the graduation sometimes equal to more than one-fourth the length of middle rectrices). Tarsus usually a little longer than culmen, sometimes slightly shorter, the acrotarsal scutella distinct: middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus (never conspic- uously so), rarely (in Z. Zcterus) equal to it; claws of lateral toes reach- ing about to base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lateral toes, much stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit; all the claws strongly curved, acute. - Coloration.—Usually richly colored with sharply contrasted areas of black and orange, black and yellow, or black and chestnut; never entirely black; females (of some species) and young plainer, with olive- greenish hues prevailing. Range.—The whole of temperate and tropical America (most devel- oped in tropical portions). (More than fifty species and subspecies. ) Notwithstanding the very great variation in relative length of wing and tail, extent of graduation of the latter; relative length and thick- ness of the bill and its degree of curvature; wing-formula, and all other external characters, my best efforts to trenchantly subdivide the genus Ra ads ete BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 257 have resulted in failure, and consequently I am forced, against my inclination, to include a rather heterogeneous assemblage of species under one generic heading. Possibly a study of their internal struc- ture may afford characters for subdivision. Of all the species /. ¢cfterus seems to differ most structurally, this alone having a large naked postocular space and the feathers of the throat elongated and acicular; but that species is evidenly related to I. jamacait and [. croconotus, both of which are normal in the respects mentioned (though both, especially the former, have the feathers of the lower throat distinctly outlined and somewhat lengthened), have the tail relatively longer and much more graduated, and the tarsus relatively longer, thus apparently connecting /. écterws with other types of structure. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ICTERUS. a. Tail entirely black (except concealed base'), or else distinctly bicolored (black and yellow or black and orange in sharply contrasted areas). b. Tail unicolored (black, except at concealed base’). c. Feathers of throat elongated, lanceolate or acicular, somewhat stiffened; cul- men more than 1.25. (Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela; islands of Trinidad, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and St. Thomas. ) Icterus icterus, adult male and female p. 263) ec. Feathers of throat normal (short and blended); culmen less than 1.25. d. Head, all round, uniform black or chestnut. e. Back and scapulars uniform black. f Under parts of body and rump neither chestnut nor rufous-tawny. g. Lesser and middle wing-coverts black, like rest of wing. (Island of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. ) Icterus oberi, adult male and female (p. 265) gg. Lesser and middle wing-coverts yellow or orange. h. Wings with white markings. (Pacific coast of Guatemala.) Icterus maculi-alatus, adult male and female (p. 265) hh. Wings without white markings. ). Breast yellow or orange. k. Tail-coverts yellow; smaller (wing 92.2-99.1). (Bahamas. ) Icterus northropi, adult male and female (p. 266) kk. Tail-coverts black; larger (wing 96.5-113.8). (Mexico; Guatemala. ) Icterus wagleri, adult male and female(p. 267 ) jj. Breast black. k. Posterior half, or more, of under parts yellow. (Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) . _ icterus prosthemelas, adult male and female (p. 269) kk. Less than posterior half of under parts yellow (or orange). 1. Rump, lesser and middle wing-coverts, thighs, etc., lemon yellow; under tail-coverts and flanks partly black. m. Abdomen and flanks wholly black; under tail-coverts mostly black. (Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. ) Icterus hypomelas, adult male and female (p. 271) mm. Abdomen or flanks partly yellow; under tail-coverts mostly yellow. 1 There is sometimes a whitish tip or terminal margin, especially to the lateral rec- trices, these being worn away in summer plumage. 3654—voL 2—01 1G 258 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. n. Upper rump black; flanks black; lower abdomen yel- low; upper tail-coverts mostly black. (Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. Icterus portoricensis, adult male and female (p. 272) nn. Whole rump yellow; flanks yellow; lower abdomen black (the feathers sometimes tipped with yellow); upper tail-coverts yellow. (Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. ) Icterus dominicensis, adult male and female (p. 273) ll. Rump, lesser and middle wing-coverts, thighs, lower abdo- men, and under tail-coverts orange or orange-yellow. (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. ) Icterus laudabilis, adult male and female (p. 274) Jf. Under parts of body and rump chestnut, ferruginous, or rufous-tawny. g- Head and neck black; under parts of body, ramp, and smaller wing- coverts chestnut. (Eastern United States; south in winter to Isth- mMmius/OMPanama sd). “oe see Icterus spurius, adult male (p. 275) gg. Head, neck, and chest dark chestnut; under parts of body, rump, and smaller wing-coverts ferruginous or rufous-tawny. (Island of Martinique, Lesser Antilles. ) Icterus bonana, adults and young (p. 279) ce. Back and scapulars yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow. j. Larger (tarsus more than 25.4); bill stouter, with culmen straight. (Icterus melanocephalus. ) g. Smaller (wing averaging 96.5 in male, 91.9 in female); wings without distinct, if any, white edgings. (Southern Mexico.) Icterus melanocephalus melanocephalus, adult male and female (p. 280) gg. Larger (wing averaging 100.6 in male, 96 in female); wings with distinct white edgings. (Northeastern Mexico; southern Texas.) Icterus melanocephalus audubonii, adult male and female (p. 282) ff. Smaller (tarsus less than 25.4); bill more slender, with culmen dis- tinctly curved terminally. (Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama. ) Icterus prosthemelas, immature (p. 269) dd. Head orange, yellow, or olive-green, with black throat and capistrum. e. Back and scapulars uniform black. jf. Breast spotted with black (at least laterally). (Icterus pectoralis. ) g. Larger (wing averaging 102.1). (Southern Mexico to Salvador.) Icterus pectoralis pectoralis, adult male and female (p. 283) gg. Smaller (wing averaging 97.5). (Western Nicaragua and Costa Rica. ) Icterus pectoralis espinachi, adult male and female (p. 284), ff. Breast not spotted. g. Lesser and middle wing-coverts orange or yellow; much larger, with very stout bill and straight culmen; sexes alike in color. (Icterus: gularis. ) h. Larger (wing averaging 125 in nmle, 113.8 in female); under parts of body, etec., more yellowish orange or orange-yellow. (State of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, to Honduras and Salvador.) Icterus gularis gularis, adult male and female (p. 284) hh. Smaller (wing averaging not more than 114.3 in male, 108.2 in female); under parts of body, ete., more intense orange. i. Slightly larger (wing averaging 114.3 in male, 108.2 in female; maxilla relatively deeper, and the orange color averaging less intense. (States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas, eastern Mexico. ) Icterus gularis tamaulipensis, adult male and female (p. 286) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 259 vi. Slightly smaller (wing averaging 113 in male, 104 in female); maxilla relatively shallower, and orange color averaging more intense. (Yucatan; British Honduras?) Icterus gularis yucatanensis, adult male and female (p. 287) gg. Lesser wing-coverts black, middle coverts white; much smaller, with slender and decurved bill; sexes very different in color. (Jcterus cucullatus. ) h. Forehead black (at least anteriorly and laterally). i. Forehead with less black, the orange or orange-yellow touching base of exposed culmen. j. Under parts of body, hindneck, etc., decided orange. (South- ern Mexico, north along eastern edge of the plateau to Nuevo Leon. ) Icterus cucullatus cueullatus, adult male (p. 287) jj. Under parts of body, hindneck, ete., orange-yellow. (South- ern Texas and coast plain of Tamaulipas. ) Icterus cucullatus sennetti, adult male (p. 289) vi. Forehead with more black, the orange or yellow not touching base of exposed culmen. j. Under parts of body, hindneck, ete., rich orange or orange-red; larger (wing averaging 87.5 or more, tail 92 or more). k. Larger, with smaller bil! (wing averaging 88, tail 94.5, exposed culmen 18.2). (Peninsula of Yucatan, including Campeche. ).-Icterus cucullatus igneus, adult male (p. 291) kk. Smaller, with larger bill (wing averaging 87.5, tail 92, exposed culmen 19). (Island of Cozumel. ) Icterus cucullatus cozumele, adult male (p. 292) jj. Under parts of body, hindneck, ete., chrome or saffron yel- low; smaller (wing averaging 84, tail 89). (Island of Mujeres, Yucatan. ) Icterus cucullatus duplexus, adult male (p. 292) hh. Forehead wholly yellow. (Northwestern Mexico; Lower Cali- fornia; southern California; southern Arizona. ) Icterus cucullatus nelsoni, adult male (p. 290) ee. Back and scapulars not uniform black. J. Forehead and at least anierior part of auricular region black; wing- coverts without any white. g. Larger (wing 86.4 to 111.8); general color, including back, orange- yellow. h. Crown and occiput orange-yellow. (Southern Mexico to Colom- bia and Venezueia. ) Icterus giraudii, adult male and female (p. 293) hh. Crown and occiput black, like forehead. (Gualan, Guatemala. ) Icterus gualanensis, adult male (and female?) (p. 295) gg- Smaller (wing less than 86.4); general color lemon-yellow or pale olive-yellow below, more olivaceous on back, ete. (Southern Mexico to Isthmus of Panama.) Icterus prosthemelas, young and immature (p. 269) Jf. Forehead and whole of auricular region orange, yellow or olive-green; | wing-coverts marked with white. g. Outer webs of greater wing-coverts only partly white h. Middle wing-coverts white, or much paler orange or yellow than lesser coverts, concealed bases of greater coverts white 1. Back distinctly streaked or spotted with black; bill shorter (exposed culmen not more than 23.1), general color brighter yellow or orange. 260 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. j. Larger (wing averaging 107.2); back more broadly streaked or spotted with black (the black sometimes prevailing) ; orange color less intense, never (?) inclining to scarlet on head. (State of Oaxaca, southern Mexico, to Nicaragua. ) Icterus sclateri, adult male (p. 297) jj. Smaller (wing averaging 100.8); back more narrowly streaked with black; orange color more intense, frequently inclining to scarlet on head.' | (Southern plateau and Pacific coast district of Mexico.) ...-Icterus pustulatus, adult male (p. 295) vi. Back very sparsely and narrowly, or not at all, streaked with black. j. Larger (wing more than 100, exposed culmen more than 24); middle wing-coverts pale yellow; general color yellow, never orange. (Tres Marias islands, n. w. Mexico. ) Icterus graysonii, adult male (p. 298) jj. Smaller (wing less than 95, exposed culmen less than 20); middle wing-coverts white; general color rich orange, rarely orange-yellow. (Yucatan. ) Icterus auratus, adult male (p. 299) hh. Middle wing-coverts bright lemon-yellow, like lesser coverts; con- cealed bases of greater coverts black. (Jcterus xanthornus.) i. Bill much shorter (culmen of male not more than 25.4, averaging 22.3). (Caribbean coast district of Colombia, Venezuela, and Guiana; Trinidad; Isthmus of Panama?.) Icterus xanthornus xanthornus, adult male and female (p. 300) vi. Bill much longer (culmen 25.9-27.9, averaging 26.9). (Island of Curacao, Caribbean Sea. ) Icterus xanthornus curasoensis, adult male and female (p. 303) gg. Outer webs of greater wing-coverts entirely white. h. Pileum, hindneck, back, and rump yellowish olive-green. (Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. ) Icterus leucopteryx, adult male and female (p. 303) hh. Pileum, hindneck, and rump yellowish. i. Yellow of pileum, ete., very slightly, if at all, tinged with olive. (Island of Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles. ) Icterus bairdi, adult male and female (p. 304) ii. Yellow of pileum, etc., strongly tinged with olive. Island of St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea. ) Icterus lawrencii, adult male and female (p. 305) bb. Tail distinctly bicolored (black and yellow or black and orange, in sharply contrasted areas). c. Pileum and hindneck yellow. (Jcterus mesomelas. ) d. Longer innermost secondaries conspicuously edged with white; smaller (wing averaging 90.4 in male, 86.6in female). (Southeastern Mexico to Honduras. ).-Icterus mesomelas mesomelas, adult male and female (p. 305) dd. Longer innermost secondaries without any white edgings; larger (wing averaging 96.3 in male, 92.7 in female). (Nicaragua to Colombia. ) Icterus mesomelas salvinii, adult male and female ‘p. 307) ce. Pileum (except, sometimes, forehead) and hindneck black. d. Breast black; exposed culmen 20.8—24.6. (Mexican plateau and adjacent portions of southwestern United States; Lower California. ) Icterus parisorum, adult male (p. 308) dd. Breast orange or yellow; exposed culmen less than 20.8. ! Rarely, however. the color decidedly yellow. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERIOA. 261 e. Head entirely black; lateral rectrices orange or yellow with black sub- basal space; outer webs of greater wing-coverts black basally. (Eastern North America, south in winter to Colombia ) Icterus galbula, adult male (p. 310) ee. Head partly yellow or orange; lateral rectrices orange or yellow with black or dusky terminal space; outer webs of greater wing-coverts wholly white. f. Auricular region, rump, sides, and flanks orange or yellow. (Western United States, south in winter over Mexican plateau. ) Icterus bullockii, adult male (p. 314) ff. Auricular region, rump, sides, and flanks black. (Southern portion of Mexican=plateaul)) vsc22 0 ee Icterus abeillei, adult male (p. 318) aa. Tail neither entirely black nor distinctly bicolored (mostly plain olivaceous or dusky ). b. Throat black or dusky. c. Larger (wing more than 78.7). d. Wing 101.6 or more. e. Pileum dull orange; greater wing-coverts narrowly edged with white ter- malnablyss sce ee oe Icterus gularis and subspecies, immature (p. 284) ce. Pileum olive-green; greater wing-coverts broadly edged with white for terminal half or more. (Jamaica.) -Icterus leucopteryx, young (p. 304) dd. Wing less than 101.6. e. Under parts mostly orange or yellow. J. Back without any black. g. Pileum black or partly black. h. Back and rump olive-green; rectrices edged with olive-green; pale margins to greater wing-coverts and remiges narrower. Icterus melanocephalus melanocephalus, immature (p. 281) hh. Back and rump grayish (tinged with olive-green); rectrices edged with grayish; pale margins to greater wing-coverts and remiges broader ..-Icterus melanocephalus audubonii, immature (p. 282) gg. Pileum yellowish, olive-greenish, or orange. h. Scapulars yellowish olive-green. i. Deeper olive-green aboye, brighter yellow below. Icterus xanthornus xanthornus, immature (p. 301) Paler, both above and below. Icterus xanthornus eurasoensis, immature (p. 303) hh. Scapulars grayish or dusky. i. Pileum orange; back dull orange, tinged with olive-green. Icterus auratus, immature (Addenda) ii, Pileum olive-greenish; back dusky grayish or grayish olive- green. j- Pileum lighter, more yellowish, olive-green; under parts more saffron yellow; tail longer (about 88.9). Icterus cucullatus and subspecies, immature male (p. 288) jj. Pileum darker olive-green; under parts more olive-yellow; tail shorter (about 67.3) -Ieterus spurius, immature male (p. 275) ff; Back with more or less of black. g. Tail more than 78.7. h. Pileum streaked with black or dusky; sides of head and neck grayish: emt re Relea ee este Icterus parisorum, immature male and (sometimes) adult female (p. 309) hh, Pileum not streaked; sides of head and neck yellow or orange. i. Wing-edgings white and grayish; middle wing-coverts white, or mostly so; culmen very slightly curved. 962 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. j. Cheeks cadmium-orange or orange-red; smaller. Icterus pustulatus, adult female and immature male (p. 296) jj. Cheeks yellow; larger. k. Back conspicuously (sometimes very broadly) streaked with black; exposed culmen not more than 20.3. Icterus sclateri, adult female and immature male (p. 297) kk, Back narrowly and sparsely streaked (streaks sometimes obsolete); exposed culmen about 24.1. Icterus graysonii, adult female and immature male (p. 299) vi. Wing-edgings pale yellowish; middle wing-coverts dull yellowish; culmen strongly curved...-Icterus wagleri, immature (p. 267) gg. Tail not more than 78.7. h. Sides, flanks, and upper tail-coverts grayish. Icterus abeillei, adult female and immature male (p. 318) ~ hh. Sides, flanks, and upper tail-coverts dull orange or yellowish. i. Pileam without streaks or spots of black; back paler, grayer; rump pale brownish gray. Icterus bullockii, adult female (sometimes) and immature male (p. 315) vi. Pileum streaked or spotted with black (sometimes uniform black); back darker, more olivaceous; rump fulvescent. Icterus galbula, adult female and immature male (p. 311) bb. Throat not black nor dusky. c. Wing 78.7 or more. d. Wing more than 101.6. e. Breast yellowish, dull orange, or whitish. f. Wings without white markings. g. Pileum and back dull saffron yellowish; bill stouter. Icterus giraudii, young (p. 293) gg. Pileum and back olive-greenish or dull olive. h. Pileum and back olive-greenish; under parts canary yellow; bill straighter. -Icterus melanocephalus melanocephalus, young (p. 281) hh. Pileum and back dull brownish olive; under parts dull naples yel- low; bill more curved ......-.-- Icterus wagleri, young (p. 267) Jf. Wings with distinct whitish markings. g. Back dark grayish olive; middle wing-coverts dull light yellowish. Icterus northropi, immature male and female (p. 266) gg. Back lighter grayish olive, yellowish olive, or yellowish olive-green; middle wing-coverts white or tipped with white. h. Tail more than 81.3. i. Back more or less distinctly streaked with dusky. j. Sides of head yellowish gray; throat dull sulphur yellow or light olivesyellow.2..-t2, eee ee Icterus parisorum, adult female (usually) and immature male (p. 309) jj. Sides of head and throat orange-yellowish or chrome yellow. k. Larger, with broader and conspicuous dusky streaks on back. Icterus sclateri, young (Addenda) kk. Smaller, with narrower and inconspicuous streaks on black. Icterus pustulatus, young (p. 296) uv. Back without dusky streaks. j. Back and scapulars grayish olive. k. Breast duller (ochre) yellowish. Icterus cucullatus cucullatus, adult female (p. 288) kk. Breast clearer yellow. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 263 i. Breast dull lemon or gamboge yellow. Icterus cucullatus sennetti, adult female (p. 289) Icterus cucullatus nelsoni, adult female (p. 290) Ul. Breast orange-yellow or cadmium yellow. Icterus cucullatus igneus, adult female (p. 291) jj. Back and scapulars olive-green. k. Darker; bill smaller. Icterus xanthornus xanthornus, young (p. 301) kk. Paler; bill larger. Icterus xanthornus curasoensis, young (p. 303) hh. Tail not more than 81.3. i. Auricular region dull orange or yellowish (rarely pinkish); an orange, yellowish, or (rarely) pinkish superciliary stripe; upper parts paler and grayer................. Icterus bullockii, adult female (usually) and immature male (p. 315) wv. Auricular region dull olive or dusky; no orange, yellowish, or pinkish superciliary stripe; upper parts darker and browner. Icterus galbula, adult female (sometimes) and immature male (p. 311). ee. Breast deep olive-greenish, deep wax-yellowish, or brownish. jf. Breast brownish. g. Greater wing-coverts edged with pale yellowish; middle wing-coverts pale yellow; throat distinctly brownish. Icterus dominicensis, young (p. 273) gg. Greater wing-coverts edged with pale brownish; middle wing-coverts light olive-greenish; throat yellowish. Icterus portoricensis, young (p. 272) ff. Breast deep yellowish olive, olive-greenish, or deep wax yellow. g. Breast deep olive-greenish or yellowish olive; forehead dull brownish; chin dusky; tail grayish olive ..-Icterus hypomelas, young (p. 271) gg. Breast deep wax-yellowish, like rest of under parts; forehead similar, but browner; tail yellowish olive. ..-Icterus oberi, young (p. 265) ICTERUS ICTERUS (Linnzus). TROUPIAL. Adults (sexes alike). —Head, neck (except lower hindneck), chest, back, seapulars, wings, and tail, black, the wings relieved by a broad white stripe or longitudinal patch, involving the middle coverts, innermost greater coverts, and broad edgings to innermost secondaries or tertials; lesser wing-coverts, broad collar across lower hindneck and upper back, sides of chest and under parts posterior to chest, rich orange yellow, varying to lemon yellow or orange; bill black, with basal half of man- dible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life); iris light yellow or yel- lowish white; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 228.6-264.2 (246.1); wing, 110.7-117.1 (115.1); tail, 94.5-107.2 (100.8); culmen, from base, 32.5-36.1 (34.5); depth of bill at base, a 12.7 (12.2); tarsus, 31.5-33.5 (32.3); middle toe, 22.4-94.6 (23.6). Northeastern coast of South America, in Golomoin (Valle ie ‘Seven specimens, only two of them with sex determined. 264 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ' ete., province Santa Marta), Venezuela (La Guayra; Carupano; Guan- aguana; Margarita I.), Guiana?, and northeastern Brazil?, together with outlying islands of Margarita, Trinidad, and Curacao. Intro- duced into West Indian islands of St. Thomas, Porto Rico, and Jamaica. j Said to have occurred at Charleston, South Carolina. [Oriolus] icterus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 161 (based on Le Troupiale 3 vulgaire Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 532).—GmMetin, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 384.— Larxam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 176. | Icterus icterus Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, sig. 23, Sept. 2, 1885, 355.— AMERICAN OrNiTHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 502.—Cory, Auk., e iii, 1886, 219 (synonomy and descr.); Birds W. I., 1889, 106; Cat. W. I. c Birds, 1892, 110, 146 (Porto Rico, Jamaica, and St. Thomas; said to be introduced) .—Scorr (W. E. D.), Auk., x, 1898, 178 (apparently not now in Jamaica).—Harrerr, Ibis, 1893, 297 (Aruba; crit.; song), 317 (Curacao; crit. ).—Benpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 466.—Rosrnson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Magdalena R., Colombia), 165 (Curacao); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvili, 1896, 674 (Margarita I., Venezuela).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 266. T{cterus] icterus Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 373. | Icterus vulgaris Dauptn, Traité d’Orn., ii, 1800, 340 (based on Le Troupiale vul- 5 | gaire Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 532).—Aupuson, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1844, 357, pl. 499 (Charleston, South Carolina).—Barrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 332 (South Carolina); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 542 La Guayra, Venezuela); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 408).—ScuateEr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (‘South America’’); Ibis, 1883, 369 (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 382 (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and Valle Dupar, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia; Cartipano, Venezuela).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 46 (monogr.; Venezuela; Guiana; Rio Negro; n. Brazil; Jamaica; southern U. S.).—ScuatTer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1868, 167 (Venezuela).—Finscn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 578 (Trinidad ).—Bartrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ui, 1874, . Fy 184.—Gunp.uacu, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 209 (Porto Rico).— | Satvin and Gopman, Ibis, 1879, 200 ( Valle Dupar, prov. Santa Marta, Colom- bia, 706 ft.).—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 265; Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, 1884, 172 (St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles).—Couvrs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 323.—Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. iii, 1892, p. xii (Curacao; Aruba).—Bertepscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 103 (Curacao).— Puetps, Auk., xiv, 1897, 364 (Guanaguana, Venezuela). [Icterus] vulgaris BonapartE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434.—ScLaTer and SALVIN, Nom. Ay. Neotr, 1873, 36.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. I{cterus] vulgaris Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104.—Covgs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 407. Coracias xanthornus (not Oriolus xanthornus Linnezeus) Scopoit, Ann. Hist.-Nat., i, 1768, 39. Agelaius longirostris Vre1ttot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 547 (Brazil; Guiana). P{endulinus] longirostris Virrutor, Ene. Méth., ii, 18238, 706. [Icterus] longirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 435. Icterus longirostris Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 46 (monogr.; Carta- gena, Colombia). Icterus vulgaris sabsp.? Perers, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 114 (Curagao). ek Se ytens + _- wet eore aed i EY ee A et bo oe or BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ICTERUS OBERI Lawrence. MONTSERRAT ORIOLE, Adult male.—Head, neck, chest, back, scapulars, wings, and tail uniform black; upper rump lemon yellow, tinged with ochre-yellow or yellowish russet, the rest of rump ochre-yellow or yellowish russet superficially, iemon yellow beneath the surface; the upper tail-coverts deeper, more russet, with concealed bases light lemon or canary yel- low; under parts (posterior to chest) mixed deep ochraceous, ochre- yellow and canary yellow, the last on basal portion of the feathers, but exposed in places, especially on sides; thighs clear yellow; under wing-coverts light yellow; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life’); legs and feet grayish dusky (grayish blue in life?); length (skins), 213.4—218.4 (215.9); wing, 89.7- 89.9; tail, 95.8-97 (96.3); culmen, from base, 24.9-25.1; depth of bill at base, 8.9-9.1; tarsus (one specimen), 25.4; middle toe, 16.3-17.3 (16.8)." . Adult (?) female.’-—Ahove yellowish olive-green, duller and grayer on back and scapulars, tinged with saffron yellowish on forehead; wings grayish dusky with rather broad edgings of light olive; lores grayish dusky; under parts wax yellow or gallstone yellow, tinged with olive-green, especially on sides and flanks; length (skin), 199.4; wing, 82; tail, 87.6; culmen, from base, 22.4; depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 24.1; middle toe, 15.7.* Immature male (second year ¢).—Similar to the supposed adult female, as described above, but back grayer, lores deep black, and wing-edgings more buffy or cinnamomeous. Island of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. Icterus oberi LAWRENCE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, sig. 22, Nov. 23, 1880, 351 (Montserrat, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Grispatp, Ibis, 1882, 487, pl. 18.—ScuareEr, Ibis, 1883, 362 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 372.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 218 (synonymy and description); Birds W. I., 1889, 105; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 132. {Icterus] oberi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. ICTERUS MACULI-ALATUS Cassin. BAR-WINGED ORIOLE. Adults (sexes alike).—Head, neck, median portion of upper chest, back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts), and _ tail black; outer web of greater wing-coverts tipped with white, forming a band, and terminal half, or more, of longer primaries edged with white; rest of plumage deep lemon or gamboge yellow, the under 1 Two specimens. ? Possibly the sexes are alike in this species, as in other West Indian forms. * One specimen. 266 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. parts (especially the breast) and lesser wing-coverts more saffron yel- low; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale gray- ish blue in life’); legs and feet grayish horn color (bluish gray in life’); length (skin), 198.2; wing, 98.5; tail, 93.5; culmen, from base, 91.8; depth of bill at base, 9.1; tarsus, 23.9; middle toe, 15.7." Pacific slope of Guatemala (Vera Paz; Aguna; Escuintla; Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Agua; San Pedro Marti). Icterus maculi-alatus Cassrx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii., 1847, 332 (‘‘ Vera Cruz,”’ i. e., Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) ; Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2d ser., i, pt. ii, 1848, 187, pl. 16, fig. 1.—ScriateEr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 182 (Aguna and Escuintla, Guatemala); Ibis, 1883, 363 (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 373 (Volean de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, San Pedro Martir, Escuintla, and Aguna, Guatemala. )—Satvin and Scuater, Ibis, 1860, 398 (Volcan de Fuego).—(???) Duaks, La Natu- raleza, i, 1868, 189 (Guanajuato, Mexico).—Satvix and Goopman, Biol., Jentr. Am. Aves, i, 1887, 467. {Icterus] maculi-alatus SCLATER and Satvrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr, 1875, 36. [ Pendulinus] maculi-alatus Bonaparts, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 433 (‘‘ Mexico’’). Pendulinus maculi-alatus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 4 Apr., 1867, 56 (monogr.; Vera Paz). ICTERUS NORTHROPI Allen. NORTHROP’S ORIOLE, Adult male.—Head, neck, upper chest, back, and scapulars uniform deep black; whole rump, upper tail-coverts, lesser and middle wing- coverts, and under parts, posterior to upper chest, lemon yellow, rather paler on middle wing-coverts, especially the innermost; wings (except middle and lesser coverts) and tail black, rather duller than that of head, neck, ete.; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life); legs and feet grayish dusky (grayish blue in life?); length (skin), 213.4; wing, 99.1; tail, 89.4; culmen, from base, 23.4; depth of bill at base, 8.6;. tarsus, 25.1; middle toe, 18.3.” Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but coloration rather duller; the black less intense; interscapulars narrowly margined with olive-grayish; greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with pale gray- ish, and-remiges narrowly edged with the same; yellow of rump tinged with olive, the longer upper tail-coverts light yellowish olive with ~ dusky mesial streaks; length (skin), 199.7; wing, 92.2; tail, 91.4; depth of bill at base, 8.6; tarsus, 25.4; middle toe, 18.* Immature male and female (second year ?).—Pileum and hindneck dull yellowish olive, more grayish posteriorly; back and scapulars rather light grayish olive; rump light yellowish olive, the upper tail-coverts darker and more grayish; lesser wing-coverts light yellowish olive; middle coverts grayish dusky basally, broadly tipped with pale yel- 'One specimen, with sex undetermined. ?One specimen. SOne specimen, with tip of maxilla broken off. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 267 lowish; rest of wings, and* tail, deep brownish gray or hair brown, with paler edgings; under parts lemon yellow, shaded with olive anteriorly and laterally; lores blackish. Older specimens are variously intermediate between this plumage and the fully adult livery. Bahamas (islands of Andros and Abaco.) Icterus northropi ALLEN, Auk, vii, no. 4, Oct., 1890, 344 (Andros Island, Bahamas; coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).—NortHrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 71, pl. 1.—Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 350 (Abaco I., Bahamas); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 127, 146 (Andros and Abaco islands). ICTERUS WAGLERI Sclater. WAGLER’S ORIOLE, Adults (sewes alike).—Head, neck, chest, back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts), tail, and upper and under tail- coverts uniform black; rest of plumage rich saffron or cadmium yellow, more or less tinged with chestnut next to black of chest, where the chestnut sometimes forms a distinct band; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); iris dark brown; legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life 4).* Inmature (second year ?).—Pileum, hindneck, rump, upper. tail- coverts, and lesser wing-coverts plain olivaceous saffron yellow; middle wing-coverts similar at tips, the underlying portion blackish; back and scapulars yellowish olive-green, narrowly streaked with dusky; ’ greater wing-coverts and secondaries dusky, edged with pale yellowish gray (more broadly, the edgings more yellowish, on the former); primaries dusky, narrowly edged with dull whitish; four middle rectrices dusky; next pair dusky with outer web mostly olive, edged with saffron yellowish; outermost rectrices dull saffron yellowish, dusky terminally; lores, greater part of malar region, chin, throat, and median portion of chest black; rest of under parts and sides of head (except as described) rich saffron or Indian yellow. Younger (first winter ?).—Similar, but without black on chest and throat (which are yellow, like rest of under parts) and upper parts less yellowish, the back, scapulars, and wing-edgings olive-gray (the two former narrowly streaked with black), the pileum and_ hindneck yellowish olive-gray, very indistinctly streaked with darker. Young (first plumage).—Above plain rather light olive, slightly browner on back and scapulars, more yellowish olive on head, neck, lower rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings dusky with rather broad olive-buffy edgings; six middle tail-feathers dusky, edged with light yellowish olive, the lateral rectrices light olive on inner webs, their outer webs yellowish olive; under parts entirely dull light yellow, faintly shaded with olive across chest and along sides. “Base of under mandible lead color; tarsi and toes dusky olive.”’? (P. L. Jouy, manuscript. ) 268 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult male.—Length (skins), 210.8-229.9 (222.8); wing, 97.8-113.8 (104.9); tail, 101.1-122.2 (108.2); culmen, from base, 23.4—-25.4 (24.6); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.1 (8.6); tarsus, 24.1-25.9 (24.9); middle toe, 17.5—20.3 (18.3).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 194.3-223.5 (207); wing, 96.5-100.1 (98); tail, 79.5-104.4 (93.5); culmen, from base, 22.9-24.4 (23.6); depth of bill at base, 8.1-8.4: tarsus, 23.4-25.1 (24.4); middle toe, 17.5- See (18).? " From northern Mexico, in states of Sonora (Oposura, Alamos), Chihuahua (near Batopilas), Coahuila (Saltillo), and Nuevo Leon (Dos Arroyos), southward over nearly the whole of Mexico (except Yucatan) to Guatemala (Duefas; Calderas; Volcan de Fuego; San Gerénimo; Hacienda Chancol, etc.). Ps[arocolius]| flavigaster (not Pendulinus flavigaster Vieillot, 1816) WacuEr, Isis, 1829, 756 (Mexico). Ieterus dominicensis (not Oriolus dominicensis Linnseus) Swarnson, Philos. Mag., n. s., 1, 1827, 486 (Temascaltepec, Mexico). [ Pendulinus] dominicensis BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. Icterus wagleri Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 7 (Mexico; coll. P. L. Sclater), 1859, 3881 ( Villa Alta, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 131 (Mexico), Ibis, 1883, 362 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 372 (Oaxaca; Presidio, near Mazatlan; Duenas, Calderas, and Volcan de Fuego, Guate- mala).—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 545 (Saltillo, Coahuila; Guatemala); ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 61, fig. 2; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19, pl. 19, fig. 2 (Saltillo, Coahuila); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 412.—Sciater and Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Duefas, Guatemala).—Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 468 (Volcan de Fuego; descr. nest).— Finscu, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 1870, 3388 (Mazatlan).—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 188, footnote, pl. 35, fig. 2.—Law- RENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 279 (Mazatlan; Guadalajara; Tepic; habits; song).—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 267.—Satyin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 263 (Guatemala).—FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 150 (Tecali and Huehuetlan, Puebla, Jan., Feb.)—Jouy, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 781 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco).—SALvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 466. ‘Nineteen specimens from Mexico. * Four specimens from Mexico. Specimens from eastern Mexico, western Mexico, and Guatemala average, respec- rively, as follows: Ex- Depth | teeny Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | of bill Tarsus. Middle culmen,) at base. | tarsus, 20.8-22.6 (22.1); middle toe, 15.2-15.7 (15.5).” Lower Rio Grande Valley, in Texas and Tamaulipas; south in winter to Morelos (Cuernavaca, Yautepec, etc., January). Icterus cucullatus (not of Swainson) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., v, 1852, 116 (Texas).—Batrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 332 (Rio Grande, Texas); Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 546 (Charco Escondido, Tamauli- - pas); Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (do. ); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 413.—Cassrn, Illustr. Birds Tex., Cal., etc., 1854, 42, pl. 8 (Texas).—Butcuer, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas) .— Cougs, Check List, 1873, no. 218; 2d ed., 1882, no. 328.—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 193, part, pl. 35, fig. 6.—SENNETT, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 25 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas; habits, ete.); v, 1879, 398 (Lometa, Texas; habits; descr. nest and eggs; measurements).—MerriLL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 134 (Fort 1Seven specimens. * Five specimens. 3654— VoL 2—O1 19 290 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Brown, Texas; deser. nest and eggs).—Rip@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 269, part.—AMERICAN OrnitHoLoGists’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 505, part.—Satvrin and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas).—SinG.ey, Rep. Geol. Sury. Texas, 1894, 372 (Santa Maria to Rio Grande City, Texas).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 475, pl. 6, figs. 30-32 (eggs).—NrEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 274. [ Icterus] cucullatus ScLATER and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 36, part. [Icterus cucullatus] var. cucullatus Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 183, part. I{cterus] cucullatus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 375, part. Pendulinus cucullatus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 60, part (monogr. ). Icterus cucullatus sennetti RiwGway, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 152 (Brownsville, Texas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). ICTERUS CUCULLATUS NELSONI Ridgway. NELSON’S ORIOLE. Similar to /. c. sennett?, but still paler and with forehead wholly yellow; adult male with the general color clear cadmium or indian yellow, without any orange tinge; adult female very similar to that of I. c. sennetti, but averaging slightly lighter in color, the yellow of under parts usually rather purer; wing averaging decidedly longer, but tail shorter, and bill longer and more slender. Adult male.—Length (skins), 175.3-198.1 (188.5); wing, 86.4-90.4 (88.4); tail, 81.8-96 (89.9); culmen, from base, 20.8-22.1 (21.6); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.6—-23.4 (22.4); middle toe, 15.5- 16.8 (16)!. Adult female. —Length (skins), 175.3-185.4 (178.3); wing, 80.8-82.8 (81.8); tail, 80.5-83.3 (82); culmen, from base, 19.8—20.8 (20.3); depth of bill at base, 6.9-7.4 (7.1); tarsus, 21.6-22.4 (21.8); middle toe, 14.5- elas). Coast plain of northwestern Mexico and western portion of Mexican plateau, in States of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa and Territory of Tepic; north to Arizona and southern California (San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties); peninsula of Lower California; breed- ing southward to Territory of Tepic (Santiago). Icterus cucullatus (not of Swainson) Barrp, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 301, 304 (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California).—Coorrr, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1861, 122 (San Bernardino, s. California); Orn. Cal., 1870, 275, part (San Diego, s. California; Cape St. Lucas).—Covrs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 84 (Tucson, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 218, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 328, part.— Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 193, part; iii, 1874, 517 (Lower California and Arizona; descr. nest and egg8).—LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soe. N. H., ii, 1874, 279, part (Mazatlan).—HeEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1873 (1874), 160 (Arizona s. of Gila R.); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 319, excl. syn., part (Camps Grant and Bowie, 1 Ten specimens. * Four specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 291 Arizona; habits).—Rirpaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 269, part.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 200 (s. Arizona; remarks on plumage ).—Be.prna, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 343 (Guaymas,-Sonora), 541 (La Paz, Lower California).—Scorr (W. E. D.), Auk, ii, 1885, 159-165 (s. Arizona; breeding habits).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 376, part (Arizona; La Paz, Lower California; California; Mazatlan). [ Icterus] cucullatus ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. [Icterus cucullatus] var. cucullatus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 183, part. Pendulinus cucullatus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 60, part (ower California). Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Rripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vili, no. 2, Apr. 20, 1885, 19, in text (Tucson, Arizona; coll. U.S. Nat.Mus.).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLO- aists’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 505a.—EvermMann, Auk, iii, 1886, 181 (Ventura Co., California; n. to Santa Barbara).—Scorr (W. E. D.), Auk, iv, 1887, 23 (Santa Catalina Mts., s. Arizona, 4,000-6,000 ft.).—Morcom, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 48 (Banning, San Diego Co., California; Yuma, Arizona).—EmeErson, Bull. no. 7, Calif. Ac. Sci., 1887, 428 (Poway, San Diego Co., California).—ANtTHony, Zoe, iv, 1893, 239 (San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California, up to 4,500 ft.).—ALLEeN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 37 (Bisbee, s. Arizona).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 476, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2 (eggs).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 275, pl. 31, fig. 3.—Merrriam (Florence), Auk, xiii, 1896, 120 (Twin Oaks, San Diego Co., California, breeding).—GRINNELL, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 33 (Los Angeles Co., in summer, up to 4,000 ft. ). I [cterus] cucullatus nelsoni Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 376. [ Icterus cucullatus] a. Subsp. nelsoni ScLatErR, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 376, in list of specimens (Arizona; California; La Paz, Lower California; Mazatlan). Icterus nelsoni SALVIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 472. ICTERUS CUCULLATUS IGNEUS Ridgway. FIERY ORIOLE. Similar to /. c. eweullatus, but coloration more intense; adult male with the orange averaging richer and purer (usually pure cadmium orange), often tinged with or inclining to flame scarlet on chest; adult female very different from that of /. ¢. cucullatus, the under parts being rich saffron yellow-or light cadmium yellow, the pileum, hind- neck, rump, and upper tail-coverts similar but duller; wing averaging decidedly longer. Adult male.—Length (skins), 186.7-204.5 (195); wing, 86.4-89.4 (87.1); tail, 92.5-96 (94.5); culmen, from base, 19.6-21.6 (20.6); depth of bill at base, 7.4-8.1 (7.9); tarsus, 20.8-23.4 (22.4); middle toe, 14.5-17 (15.5).* Adult female.—Lengt* (skins), 154.7-209.5 (188.2); wing, 76.2-82 (79.2); tail, 78.2-94 (85.1); culmen, from base, 19-20.3 (19.8); depth of bill at base, 7.9-8.4 (8.1); tarsus, 22.1-22.3 (22.2); middle toe, 15.2-16.3 (15.7).’ 1Seven specimens. ? Five specimens. 292 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Yucatan (Silam; Merida; Chichen-Itza; Progreso; La Vega; Puerto Morelos) and Campeche (Tokaltun); Mugeres Island (accidental ?); British Honduras (Belize) ? (2?) Icterus cucullatus (not of Swainson?) SctaTerand Saxvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 ( Belize, British Honduras).—Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 466 (Belize). Icterus cucullatus BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Silam, Yucatan ).— ScLaTeER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 376, part.—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Merida and Silam, Yucatan). Icterus cucullatus igneus Ripaway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vili, no. 2, Apr. 20, 1885, 19, in text (Yucatan; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).—Sronr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 209 (Progreso, Yucatan). I{cterus] cucullatus igneus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 376. [Icterus cucullatus] e. Subsp. ignea SciatTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 377, part, in list of specimens (Belize, British Honduras?; Merida and Silam, Yucatan). ICTERUS CUCULLATUS COZUMEL Nelson. COZUMEL ORIOLE. Similar to /. c. ¢gneus, but female decidedly smaller, with larger bill and paler coloration, the back grayer and rump and upper tail- coverts more olivaceous (less yellowish); adult male slightly smaller than that of 7. ¢. ¢gneus, but similar in coloration. Adult male.—Length (skins) 180-190 (185); wing, 85-90 (87.5); tail, 90-94 (92); exposed culmen, 19; tarsus, 21-22 (21.5); middle toe, 17-18 (17.5).3 Adult female.—Length (skins), 169-179 (173.6); wing, 74-79 (76.2); tail, 75-80 (79.6); exposed culmen, 17-20 (18.8); tarsus, 20-24 (22); middle toe, 15-17 (16).” Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. Icterus cucullatus (not of Swainson) Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 570 (Cozumel I., Yucatan. )—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 376, part (Cozumel.)—Satvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Cozumel I., Yucatan). [Icterus cucullatus] c. Subsp. ignea Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 377, part, in list of specimens (Cozumel I.). Icterus cucullatus cozumelze NEtson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, Sept. 25, 1901, 173 (Cozumel Island, Yucatan; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.). ICTERUS CUCULLATUS DUPLEXUS Nelson. MUGERES ORIOLE, Adult male.—Similar in coloration to that of Z. c. nelsonz, but black of lores extending broadly across anterior half, or more, of forehead, 1 Two specimens. 2 Five specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 293 greater wing-coverts without white edgings (but with abrupt white tips), and remiges wholly black except a narrow edging of white for terminal half or less; bill stouter; length (skins), 190-199 (194.3); wing, 81-86 (84); tail, 89-90 (89.3); exposed culmen, 18-19 (18.3); tarsus, 21-24 (23); middle toe, 16-17 (16.3).' Adult female.—Not seen. Mugeres Island, Yucatan. Icterus cucullatus (not of Swainson) Satyry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 471, part (Mugeres Island). Icterus cucullatus duplecus Newtson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, Sept. 25, 1901, 173 (Mugeres Island, Yucatan; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). ICTERUS GIRAUDII Cassin. GIRAUD’S ORIOLE. Adults (sexes alike), summer plumage.—¥orehead, lores, orbital, suborbital, and malar regions, chin, throat, upper chest (except later- ally), wings (except more anterior lesser coverts), and tail, uniform black; rest of plumage cadmium yellow; scapulars chiefly black but mixed with yellow toward interscapular region;” bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); legs and feet horn color or grayish dusky (bluish gray in life‘). Winter (or freshly assumed) plumage.—Similar to summer plumage, but yellow of upper parts more or less obscured by an olive tinge, especially on pileum and hindneck. Immature (second year ?).—Similar to adults but duller in color, the upper parts yellowish olive or dull olive-yellow, the wings and tail dusky, the former with narrow and indistinct dull grayish edgings, the lateral rectrices edged with light olive-greenish. Young (first plumage).—Pileum, auricular region, hindneck, rump, and upper tail-coverts ochre-yellowish, more or less tinged with olive, especially on back; malar region, chin, throat, and chest light saffron yellow; rest of under parts light chrome yellow; wings dull blackish, the coverts and secondaries edged with light olive, the primaries more narrowly edged with dull grayish; tail dull blackish with indistinct paler edgings, the lateral feathers with whitish shafts. Adult male.—Length (skins), 189.2-233.7 (210.1); wing, 91.4-111.3 (102.1); tail, 95.8-108.7 (99.3); culmen, from base, 22.9-26.9 (24.4); depth of bill at base, 9.9-11.7 (10.7); tarsus, 25.9-28.2 (26.9); middle toe, 17-20.3 (18.8).° Adult female.—Length (skins), 182.9-195. 6 (188.5); wing, 86.4-90.9 (88.4); tail, 82.6-94 (88.4); culmen, from base, 29.1-23.4 (22.6); depth ' Three specimens. * Sometimes there is a slight admixture of black on outer side of thighs. * Highteen specimens. 294 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of bill at base, 10.2-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 23.6-26.2 (24.9); midale toe, 17-18.3 (17.3). Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Santecomapan), Chiapas (San Cristobal), and Yucatan, southward through Central America to Colombia (Rio Truando; Nercua; Bogota; Ibaque; Medellin, province Antioquia), and Venezuela (Caracas). Icterus giraudii Cassrx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 333 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.?); 1860, 140 (Rio Truando, Colombia); 1867, 52 (monogr.); Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, i, 1848, 138, pl. 17.—Law- RENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—SciaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (Guatemala; Bogota). Icterus giraudi Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 154 (Bogota; erit.); 1857, 228 (Santecomapan, Vera Cruz; crit.); Ibis, 1873, 373 (Chontales, Nicara- gua); 1883, 366 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 379 (n. Yucatan; Tactic and Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala; Chontales, Nicaragua; Boquete de Chitra, Chitra, and Santa Fé, Veragua; Chepo, Lion Hill, Paraiso Station, Panama, and Colon, Panama R. R.; Medellin and Bogota, Colombia; Vene- zuela).—ScLatTerR and Sanvin, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 3538 (Lion Hill) ; 1868, 167 (Caracas, Venezuela); 1879, 509 ( Envi- gado, Concordia, and Medellin, proy. Antioquia, Colombia).—Satyin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Santa Fé, Veragua); 1870, 190 (Chitra and Cas- tillo, Veragua); Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 263 (Guatemala).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 330 (Colombia, up to 7,000 ft.).—ZerLEpon, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Veragua).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Yucatan).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1887, 469.—Ripa@way, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 588 (Sego- via R., Honduras).—CnHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, 1896, 280 (Chichen- Itza, Yucatan ).—Srone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 307 (Ibaque, centr. Colombia).—Satvaport, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 339, 1899, 5 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus Panama). ' Four specimens. Specimens from different localities compare in measurements as follows: Culm en,|Depth of . Locality. Wing. | Tail. from | bill at | Tarsus. ees base. base. . MALES. Nine adult males from Guatemala and Chiapas...} 103.6 | 103.6 24.4 10.9 26.7 18.5 Que adult maletirom Yucatan --2-5-2--2-ssss-sce5 97.5: | 102.4 23.6 10.2 27.2 18.3 One adult male from Honduras. .................- 111.3} 108.5 26.9 10.4 28. 2 19.8 Three adult males from Panama.............-...- 98. 6 96.3 23.1 9.9 26.2 17.8 Four adult males from Colombia. .............---- 101.6 | 101.3 24.6 10.9 Dleies 18.8 One adult male from Venezuela .................- 91.4 97.3 24.9 9.9 27.4 18.5 FEMALES. One adult female from Yucatan................... 88.1 92.2 23.1 eZ, 26.2 17.8 One adult female from Honduras ....--.......---- 90.9 94 23.4 a2 25.7 17.3 Two adult females from Panama...............--- 87.1 83.6 poet 10.2 24,1 17 If there is any geographic variation in this species I am unable to make it out from the series examined. I have no doubt that a considerable number of determi- nations of sex are mere guesswork, and many of them erroneous. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 295 [Icterus] giraudi Sctarpr and Saryvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. (?) Xanthornus chrysater Lesson, Oeuvr. Buffon, vii, 1847, 332 (Mexico).—Bona- PARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 434 (Mexico). Icterus melanopterus HAarriuaus, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, 275 (Caracas, Ven- ezuela; coll. Bremen Mus.?).—Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras). [ Xanthornus] melanopterus BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 484 (Colombia). I[{cterus] melanopterus CaBANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 185 (Colombia; Venezuela). ICTERUS GUALANENSIS Underwood. GUALAN ORIOLE, Similar to 7. g/raudii, but having the black of the head extended to the occiput. Total length, 215.9; culmen, 25.4; wing, 105.4; tail, 104; tarsus, 27.9. (Translation of original description.’) Icterus gualanensis UNpdERWoop, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. lv, June 30, 1898, p. lix (Gualan, Guatemala; location of type not stated). The above description applies very well to some immature examples of I. prosthemelas. ICTERUS PUSTULATUS (Wagler). SCARLET-HEADED ORIOLE, Adult male in summer.—Lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat, black; rest of head and neck intense orange, some- times flame scarlet, more rarely yellowish orange, the remaining under parts paler orange or yellow; back, rump, upper tail-coverts and lesser wing-coverts orange or yellow, the back streaked with black; inner webs of scapulars mostly orange or yellow, outer webs black; middle wing-coverts white, with basal portion of inner webs black, this increasing in extent on innermost feathers; rest of wing black, -with innermost greater coverts edged with white, the rest broadly tipped with white on outer webs; secondaries edged with white, except on basal portion of outermost five or six; primaries (except the first) with basal portion of outer webs white, forming a more or less exten- sive patch, and portion of outer webs from sinuation to tip narrowly edged with white; tail black, with concealed basal portion of the rectrices orange or yellow (shafts of this portion white), the outer- most rectrices broadly tipped with dull whitish or pale brownish gray; bill black, the basal half of mandible bluish gray; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins). Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer plumage, but white edgings to wing feathers much broader, often strongly tinged with gray; orange or yellow of back, rump, etc., more or less tinged with olive, the back often tinged or suffused with gray. Adult female in summer.—Pileum, hindneck, back, inner webs of scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts wax yellow or olivaceous 1The measurements converted from inches to millimeters. 296 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. orange-yellow, deeper and more orange on forehead, the back more or less broadly streaked with black; lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat black, as in adult male; space between the black throat-patch and eyes orange or yellow, gradually becoming more yellow posteriorly, the under parts being indian yellow or saffron yellow, faintly tinged on sides and flanks with olive; scapulars gray- . ish on outer webs, yellowish olive on inner webs, and with more or less distinct median streaks of dusky; lesser wing-coverts olive- yellowish, with dusky central spots; middle coverts black at base, broadly tipped with dull whitish; rest of wings dusky, relieved by grayish white or pale gray edgings to all the feathers; tail light oliva- ceous (sometimes partly blackish), with edges more yellowish; color of bill and feet as in the male. Adult female in winter.—Similar to the summer plumage, but upper parts much tinged with gray, especially on back, and grayish white or light gray wing-edgings broader. Young.—Similar to the winter female, but without any black on throat, etc.; streaks on back obsolete, and colors duller.' Adult male.—Length (skins), 186.7-205.7 (198.1); wing, 98.6-106.2 (100.8); tail, 87.1-97.3 (90.9); exposed culmen, 19.8—22.9 (21.3); depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.4 (11.7); tarsus, 23.6—-25.4 (24.9); middle toe, 16-17.8 (17.3).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 185.4-203.2 (192.3); wing, 90.2- 96.3 (93); tail, 80.8-91.4 (87.1); exposed culmen, 18.8-22.9 (20.6); depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.2 (11.2); tarsus, 24.1-25.4 (24.6); middle toe, 16-17.8 (17).° Western and southern Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (near Bato- pilas), Sonora (Alamos), Sinaloa (Mazatlan; Plumosas; Rosario), Durango (Chacala), Jalisco (Barrancu Ibarra; Ameca; San Sebastian; Bolafios; Zacoaleco; Guadalajara), Tepic (San Blas; Tepic; Acaponeta), Colima (Manzanilla, February; plains of Colima, January), Guerrero (Acapulco, January), Oaxaca (Putla, Ianhuiatlan), Chiapas (Tonala), Morelos (Yautepec, January), Puebla (Acatlan), and Vera Cruz (hot region).* Ps{arocolius] pustulatus WAGuER, Isis, 1829, 757 (no locality; coll. Berlin Mus. ). Ictlerus] pustulatus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 435 (Mexico). Icterus pustulatus ScLaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 228; 1858, 303 (La Parada, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134 (‘‘Central. Am.’’; Mexico); Ibis, 1883, 373 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 386 (Mazatlan; Presidio, near Mazatlan; Acapulco; Puebla; Tonala, Chiapas; Atlixco, Puebla; ‘‘Cape San 1Tmmature males resemble adult females in coloration. *Ten specimens. 3 Six specimens. 4 According to Sumichrast. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 997 Lucas, Lower California’? ).—SciaTerR and SALvin, Exotic Orn., pt. iv, 1867, pl. 24.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 48 (monogr.; Mazatlan ).— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 552 (hot region, Vera Cruz).— Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., li, 1874, 280 (Mazatlan; Tepic; plains of Colima; Manzanillo Bay; habits, etc). —Saxvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 264 (Mexico); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 422 (Acapulco).—FErrRRARI-PEREz, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 150 (Chietla, Puebla; Ianhuiatlan, Oaxaca).— Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 150 (Chietla, ete., crit. ).—SALvIn and GopmANn, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887,.477.—Jouy, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1898, 781 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco). [ Icterus] pustulatus ScLATER and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. Pendulinus californicus Lesson, Rey Zool., 1844, 436 (‘‘Lower California’’); Oeuvr. Buff., Suppl., vii, 1831, 333. [ Pendulinus] calfornicus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 433. Pendulinus californicus Barrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331 (‘‘Cali- fornia’’). Icterus sclateri (not of Cassin) Lanrz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 222 (Altata and Culiacan, Sinaloa). ICTERUS SCLATERI Cassin. SCLATER’S ORIOLE, Similar to 7. pustulatus but larger, with black streaks on back much broader (the black predominating over the yellow or orange); middle wing-coverts with less black on basal portion (sometimes none), and (usually) the general color of head, etc., yellow or orange-yellow rather than orange; adult female similar to that of /. pustulatus, but larger; upper parts lighter and more yellow, with black streaks on back broader; wing-edgings broader and purer white, and color of under parts, etc., lemon-yellow, rather than orange or saffron yellow. Adult male.—Length (skins), 193-215.9 (203.7); wing, 101.6-115.1 (107.2); tail, 89.4-104.1 (93.2); exposed culmen, 19.8-23.1 (21.3); depth of bill at base, 10.7-12.4 (11.7); tarsus, 23.1-26.4 (24.6); middle toe, 15.5-18.3 (17).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 186.7-203.2 (194.3); wing, 94-101.3 (97.5); tail, 81.8-88.6 (85.9); exposed culmen, 20.6—21.1 (20.8); depth of bill at base, 10.7-11.9 (11.2); tarsus, 22.9-24.4 (23.4); middle toe, O17 58 (16.8).” Southern Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Tehuantepec; Cuicatlan; Santa Efigenia; Oaxaca; Juchitan) and Chiapas (Tonala), south through Guatemala (San Gerénimo), Salvador, and Honduras to Nicaragua (Managua; San Juan; Pres Granada); western Costa Rica (Liberia) ?. ' Nine specimens. ” Four specimens. The series from Nicaragua is much too small to show whether there are constant differences or not between birds from that portion of the country and those from southern Mexico. The single Nicaraguan specimen measured shows decided differ- 298 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Icterus mentalis (not of Lesson) Capanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 185, footnote (according to Sclater).—Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134, excl. syn. (San Geronimo, Guatemala).—Satyrn and Scuarer, Ibis, 1860, 275 (San Gerén- imo).—Owen, Ibis, 1861, 62 (deser. eggs). Icterus sclateri Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 49 (San Juan and Pres Granada, Nicaragua; San Gerdnimo, Guatemala; type, from Nicaragua, in coll. Ae. Nat. Sei.).—Sciarer, Ibis, 1883, 371 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 385 (San Gerénimo, Guatemala; Tonald, Chiapas).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 476, pl. 33, fig. 1 (San Juan del Rio, Santa Efigenia, and Juchintan, Oaxaca; Tonalé, Chiapas; San Ger6- nimo, Guatemala; San Juan, Nicaragua) . [Icterus] sclateri ScuaTER and Satyrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. Icterus formosus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, May, 1872, 184 (Juchitan, Oaxaca; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 23 (do.).—Sciater, Ibis, 1883, 372 (monogr.). (?)- Icterus pustulatus (not Psarocolius pusvulatus Wagler) ZeLepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Liberia, w. Costa Rica). ICTERUS GRAYSONII Cassin. GRAYSON’S ORIOLE. Similar to 7. pustulatus but much larger and lighter colored, and the back either without black streaks or with only a few very narrow ones. Adult male in summer.—General color, except wings and tail (but including lesser wing-coverts), orange-yellow or saffron yellow (more orange on anterior portion of head and space surrounding black throat- stripe), the back sometimes with a few narrow streaks of black; lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat black; lesser wing- coverts rather lighter or clearer yellow; middle coverts still paler yel- low, sometimes white, tinged with yellow, with part of inner webs black; rest of wings black, varied by broad white edgings, except on primary coverts, on basal half of outermost greater coverts and basal portion of outermost secondaries, that on basal portion of primaries occupying nearly full width of the outer web; tail black, the concealed basal portion of the rectrices yellow (shafts white), and two or three ences, which, if constant, would necessitate the separation of the birds from Honduras to Oaxaca as a subspecies, Icterus sclateri formosus. Measurements are as follows: Ex- Depth - Locality. Wing.} Tail. posed |of bill at) Tarsus. Middle culmen.| base. MALES. One adult male from Managua, Nicaragua .....-- 101.6 90.9 | 20.3 12.2 26.4 17.3 One adult male from coast of Honduras .......--- 111.8 96.5 23.1 12.2 26.4 18.3 One adult male from Guatemala .................- 115.1 104.1 QU Golocs seen 24.9 17.3 Six adult males from Oaxaca (ineluding one from | Tonala; Chiapas)icsseadecocceme ssenes skeen 106, 2 91.4 Pale t 11.4 24.1 16.8 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 299 lateral pairs broadly tipped with dull whitish; bill black, the basal portion of mandible bluish; legs and feet (in dried skins), dusky horn color. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer male, but plumage softer and white edgings on wings broader. Adult female in summer.—Above light yellowish olive, becoming more yellowish on pileum, where inclining to orange-yellow on fore- head and superciliary region, the back usually with a few narrow streaks of dusky; lores, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and throat black; sides of head and under parts (except as described) yel- low, more orange-yellow anteriorly, the sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive; wings as in the male but ground color dusky instead of black and the white edgings tinged with gray. Adult female in winter.—Similar to the summer female, but plumage softer and whitish wing-edgings broader. Adult male.—Length (skins), 203.2-226.1 (211.8); wing, 102.9-105.4 (104.1); tail, 90.2-94 (91.9); exposed culmen, 24.9-26.7 “2 5.7); depth of bill at base, 12.7-13; tarsus, 25.9-26.7 (26.4); middle toe, 17.8-18.3 (18)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 193-203.2 (197.9); wing, 94-99.1 (96.8); tail, 83.3-87.1 (85.6); exposed culmen, 22.9-24.9 (24.4); depth of bill at base, 10.9-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 25.4-25.9 (25.4); middle toe, 17-17.8 (17.8).* Tres Marias Islands (islands of Maria Madre and Maria Cleofa), western Mexico [cterus graysonti Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xix, Apr., 1867, 48 (Tres Marias Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.). Icterus graysoni Fixscu, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, 1870, 336 (Tres Marias; full descriptions ).—GRAYSON, ae Bost. Soc. N. H.,xiv, 1871, 280 (habits, ete. ).— LawRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 280.—Scnarter, Ibis, 1883, 37 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Siem ES 1886, 387.—SaLvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 478.—Nertson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1898, 50 (habits; notes; descr. nest and eggs). [Icterus] graysoni ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. ICTERUS AURATUS Bonaparte. ORANGE ORIOLE, Similar to /. cucullatus igneus, but whole back orange or orange- yellow (sometimes streaked with black in female), lesser wing-coverts orange, and primaries broadly edged with white basally. Adult male.—Lores, eyelids, anterior half of cheeks (back to about middle of eye), chin, and whole throat black; scapulars black, some- what intermixed with orange or orange-yellow next to interscapular region; greater wing-coverts and remiges black, more or less edged 4 Fiy ive specimens. 800 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with white, especially the middle secondaries and longer primaries, the latter broadly edged with white basally (the white occupying full width of outer web at base of the primaries); middle wing-coverts white, producing a broad band; tail black, the lateral rectrices more or less broadly margined at tips with light grayish; rest of plumage, including lesser wing-coverts, rich cadmium orange or orange-yellow, most intense on head, neck, and chest; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue or bluish white in life’); legs and feet grayish dusky (bluish gray in life?); length (skins), 184.2-209.6 (192.5); wing, 88.6-94.7 (91.9); tail, 84.6-91.9 (89.4); cul- men, from base, 19.8—22.1 (20.8); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 8.6; tarsus, 23.9-25.1 (24.4); middle toe, 15.7-17 (16.3).* Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, and perhaps not always distinguishable, but usually (?) slightly duller in color, especially on the back, which is more or less tinged with olive and sometimes marked with a few black streaks; lesser and middle wing-coverts partly black; length (skins), 191.8-203.2 (197.6); wing, 87.4-93.2 (91.2); tail, 86.6-91.2 (88.1); culmen, from base, 20.3-20.8 (20.6); depth of bill at base (one specimen), 8.4; tarsus, 24.6-24.9 (24.9); mid- dle toe, 15.2-16.8 (16.3).” Yucatan (Merida; Tekanto; Chichen Itza; Temax; El Campo), including outlying island of Meco. . Ict [erus] auratus Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, June 20, 1850, 435 (Yucatan; coll. Brussels Mus.; ex Du Bus, manuscript) . Icterus auratus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 50 (‘‘ Mexico”’; monogr. ).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 271 (Merida, n. Yucatan; crit. ). Boucarb, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 445.—Sciarer, Ibis, 1883, 369 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 382 (n. Yucatan).—SaLvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 473, pl. 33, fig. 2.—SaLvin, Ibis, 1888, 264 (Meco I., coast of Yucatan; crit.).—Sronr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, 208 (Tekanto, Yucatan).—CHapMan, Bull. Am. Mus., N. H., viii, 1896, 281 (Chichen Itza, Yucatan). ICTERUS XANTHORNUS XANTHORNUS (Gmelin). YELLOW ORIOLE. Adults (sexes alike).—Lores, eyelids, anterior margin of malar region, chin, throat, and median portion of upper chest black; greater wing- coverts, remiges, and rectrices black, the first tipped with white, pro- ducing a distinct band, the tertials broadly edged with white (except toward base of second and third), the remaining remiges narrowly edged with white toward tips, the longer (second to fifth) primaries 1Seven specimens, but few of them with sex actually determined. 2 Three supposed females, none of them being sexed. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 801 more or less edged with white at base,’ the lateral rectrices more or less broadly margined at tip with whitish; rest of plumage, including lesser and middle wing-coverts, rich lemon or cadmium yellow, bright- est and clearest on head, neck, and under parts (sometimes tinged with orange on head, neck, and chest), the back and scapulars usually slightly tinged with olive, and occasionally with a few narrow streaks of black;” bill black with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); legs and feet grayish dusky or horn color (bluish gray in life 4). Immature (second year ?).—Similer to adults, but wings grayish dusky instead of black, with pale grayish edgings; lesser wing-coverts black- ish centrally, margined with yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow; middle coverts blackish basally, tipped with light yellow; tail yellow- ish olive-green or grayish dusky (or the two colors mixed); yellowish of upper parts more decidedly inclining to olive-green, and that of head, neck, and under parts less pure or intense than in adults. Young (first plumage).—Above yellowish olive-green, more yellow- ish on pileum, hindneck, and lower rump; beneath, including malar region, chin, and entire throat lemon yellow, more or less tinged with olive-green, especially on sides and flanks; wings grayish dusky, the middle coverts broadly tipped with olive-yellow; greater coverts tipped with white or pale yellowish and edged with olive-gray; remiges edged with light grayish, most broadly on tertials; tail yellowish olive-green, the middle rectrices darker. Adult male.—Length (skins), 191.8-205.7 (196.1); wing, 87.6-94.5 (91.2); tail, 83.8-90.7 (86.4); culmen, from base, 19.8-25.4 (22.4); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.4 (10.2); tarsus, 25.1-28.5 (26.4); mid- dle toe, 17.5-19.6 (18.3).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 181.6-188 (185.2); wing, 82.6-87.1 (86.1); tail, 76.5-84.3 (81); culmen, from base, 20.6-24.1 (22.1); depth 1This white edging at base of longer primaries is sometimes so much reduced as to be practically hidden by the primary coverts, this being the case in all specimens examined from Trinidad (six in number) and in all those seen from Venezuela (except one), Guiana, and Brazil; again it may form aconspicuous patch, extending for half an inch or more beyond the tips of the primary coyerts, this being the case in the three specimens examined from Santa Marta, Colombia. Whether Colombian birds can be separated by this character can only be determined by examination of a much larger series of specimens. “Only three specimens in a series of twenty-five have any streaks on the back; these are all adults—one of them being from Trinidad, one from Demerara, Brit- ish Guiana, the third of unknown locality; the last has the lesser and middle wing- coverts wholly pure yellow, but the other two have these feathers, especially the middle coverts, black at the base, and thus correspond with J. dubusi (Icterus xanthornus var. a. dubusi Dubois), which I believe to be merely an individual yaria- tion of the present species. 3Seven specimens. 302 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of bill at base, 9.4-11.7 (10.4); tarsus, 24.9-27.7 (26.7); middle toe, D5 10 veo Caribbean coast district of northern South America, from Cayenne to Colombia; Trinidad and Margarita Island; Isthmus of Panama? [ Coracias] xanthornus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 108 (‘‘America’’; based on Pica luteo nigro varia Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, iil, p. 5, pl. 5). [ Oriolus] xanthornus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 391. Icterus xanthornus Daupin, Traité Orn., ii, 1800, 334, part (includes J. leucop- teryx).—CABANIS, in Schomburgk’s Reise Brit. Guiana, 111, 1848, 680.—Bur- MEISTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 269.—Scuarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (Trinidad; Cayenne; Colombia); Ibis, 1883, 368 (coast Colombia, Vene- zuela, and Guiana to Rio Brancho; Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 380.—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 84 (Trinidad ).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 50 (monogr.; Venezuela; Cayenne; Trinidad; n. Brazil).— Scuater and Satnvrn, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 167 (Venezuela).— Finscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 578 (Trinidad ).—PE.LzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 195.—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 329 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—Satvrn and GopMAN, Ibis, 1880, 123 (Santa Marta).—ALten, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 53 (Caripano, Venezuela).—CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 36 (Trinidad; song; descr. nest); Auk, xiv, 1897, 368 (Venezuela; crit. ).—Rosrnson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 160 (Baranquilla, Colombia) .— Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 675 (Margarita I., Venezuela; crit. ).—PuHevps, Auk, xiv, 1897, 364 (Camanacoa and Cumana, Venezuela).— Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 138 (Santa Marta).—ALten, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Bonda, etc., prov. Santa Marta). I(cterus] xanthornus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 185 (Venezuela; Guiana). [Icterus xanthornus] a. xanthornus Rip@way, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, July 29, 1884, 176 (in synonymy). [Icterus] wanthornus ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36. Agelaius xanthornus Virrttor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xxxiyv, 1819, 543. Ps[arocolius] xanthornis WAG LER, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, no. 15. [ Oriolus] wanthorus Laruam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 181. Icterus xanthorus TEMMINCK, Cat. Syst., 1807, 47. [Oriolus] mexicanus Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162, no. 13 (not no. 8!), part (based on NXanthornus mexicanus Brisson, Orn., li, pl. 11, fig. 2, and Icterus minor nidum suspendens Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., pl. 243, the latter= TI. leucopteryx).—Boppaerrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 1 (based on Carouge du Mexique Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 5, fig. 1). Icterus mexicanus BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., 1853, 835.—Prrvosr and LEMAIRE, Ois. Exot., p. 131, pl. 70, upper fig. Xanthornus nigrogularis Haun, Vog. aus Asien, ete., pt. v, 1820, 1, pl. 1 (‘‘Mexico.’’)—BonapartE, Compt. Rend., 1853, 835. Icterus nigrogularis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1x, 1869, 271, in text (Trinidad; Santa Marta; crit. ). [ Xanthornus] linnei Bonapartrr, Consp. Av., i, June 20, 1850, 434 (Brazil; Cayenne; ‘‘Antilles’’ ). [Icterus xanthornus] B. linnei Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, July 29, 1884, 176 (in synonymy). Icterus auratus (not of Bonaparte) Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 50 (‘‘Mexico’’). 1 Six specimens. Specimens from Trinidad and Margarita Island, especially the former, have decid- edly longer bills than those from the mainland. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 303 {Icterus wanthornus.| Var. a. dubusii Dusots, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., ser. 2, x1, Dee., 1875, 16 (Isthmus of Panama; coll. Brussels Mus. ). Icterus dubusi Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 381 (Panama’?). Icterus wanthornus. Var. £. marginalis Dusors, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., ser. 2, x] J ? d S°) ? ’ Dec., 1875, 17 (Isthmus of Panama; coll. Brussels Mus.). ICTERUS XANTHORNUS CURASOENSIS (Ridgway). CURAGAO ORIOLE. Similar to 7. x. wanthornus, but with much longer bill; young much paler than that of /. 7. wanthornus. Adult male.—Length (skins), 188-193 (190.5); wing, 90.2-92.5 (91.2); tail, 84.6-85.6 (85.1); culmen, from base, 25.9-27.9 (26.9); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 25.1-25.9 (25.4): middle toe ? 9 18-19.8 (18.8).* Islands of Curacao, Bonaire, and Aruba, southern Caribbean Sea. Icterus curasoénsis RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, no. 11, July 29, 1884, 174 (Curacao Island; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 381. Icterus xanthornus curasoénsis Ropinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 142 (in text), 165, colored plate (facing p. 142). Icterus xanthornus curacgaoensis BerLEpscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 82 (Curacao; crit.).—Harrert, Ibis, July, 1893, 295 (Aruba; crit.; descr. nest and eggs, song, ete. ), 317 (Curagao), 328 ( Bonaire). Icterus curacoénsis Pergrs, Journ. fur Orn., 1892, 114 (Curacao). ICTERUS LEUCOPTERYX (Wagler). JAMAICAN ORIOLE, Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, becoming more decidedly yellowish posteriorly; lesser wing-coverts light yellowish olive-green or olive-yellow; middle and greater coverts white, forming a large and very conspicuous patch on the wing; rest of wing black, the tertials broadly edged with white; lores,” anterior half of suborbital and malar regions, chin, throat, and median portions of upper chest uniform black; rest of under parts indian yellow,clearer or purer (rich lemon or chrome) yellow on abdomen and under tail-coverts, more tinged with olive later- ally and anteriorly; sides of head (posterior to black ‘* mask”) similar in color to breast, etc.; bill black, with basal portion of mandible bluish gray (pale grayish blue in life?); legs and feet grayish dusky (grayish blue in life’). Immature (second year ?).—Similar to adults, but tail yellowish olive- green; wings grayish dusky with narrow grayish white or pale gray edgings (broader on tertials), the white patch on middle and greater coverts more broken, less conspicuous. 1Two specimens. * Sometimes anterior portion of forehead also. B04 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young (first plumage).—Similar to the immature plumage described above, but yellow of under parts and sides of head much paler (dull canary yellow); color of upper parts duller and browner; black ‘* mask” much duller and less sharply defined, and the white on wing-coverts reduced to two broad bands (across ends of middle and greater coverts, respectively). Adult male.—Length (skins), 189.2-191.8 (190.5); wing, 99.6-105.7 (102.9); tail, 81.3-87.6 (84.8); culmen, from base, 23.1-24.4 (23.9); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 23.6-25.1 (24.4); middle toe, 17-18.3 (17.5).’ Adult female.—Length (skin), 194.3; wing, 101.6; tail, 83.6; culmen, from base, 22.9-25.1 (23.9); depth of billat base, 10.7;” tarsus, 23.4— 24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 17-18.3 (17.5).” Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (?) [Oriolus] nidipendulus GmEutn, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 390 (Jamaica; based on Hangnest Oriole Latham, Synopsis, i, pt. 2, 437, ete.) —Larnam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 181. Ps{arocolius] leucopteryx WAGER, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 16. [ Icterus] leucopteryx Goss, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 226.—ScLaTer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1861, 74; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134; Ibis, 1888, 374 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 387 (Moneague, Jamaica).—ALBRECHT, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 197.—Marcu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 299.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 218 (synonymy and diagnosis); Birds W. I., 1889, 105 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110 (Jamaica).—Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 178 (crit.; song).—Frie.p, Auk, xi, 1894, 126. [Icterus] leucopteryx Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 436 (‘‘Mexico’”’).—Gray, Aland-list, ii, 1870, 32, no. 6453.—ScLarer and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. I[{cterus] leucopteryx Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. Cterus (typographical error) leucopteryx Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 130. Pendulinus leucopteryx Cassrn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 59 (monogr. ). Oriolus mexicanus (not of Linnzeus) Leacnu, Zool. Mise., i, 1814, 8 (excl. syn.), pl. 2 (St. Andrews, Jamaica). Icterus personatus TEMMINCK, Pl. Col., livr. 80, Sept., 1829, pl. 482. Ictlerus| personatus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 485 (Jamaica). ICTERUS BAIRDI Cory. BAITD’S ORIOLE. Similar to Z. lewcopteryx, but under parts brighter and purer yellow, and upper parts (except wings and tail) dull yellow instead of olive- green, ‘Front of face and throat black; under parts bright yellow; back dull yellow, showing a faint trace of olive on the upper back; tail and wings black; lesser coverts bright yellow, greater secondary wing- coverts pure white, forming a broad white wing-patch, some of the inner primaries delicately edged with white, showing more clearly on the inner secondaries; bill and feet black. 1 Four specimens. > Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 305 ‘‘Length, 184.2; wing, 95.3; tail, 76.2; tarsus, 21.6; bill, 21.6.” (Original description, the measurements converted to millimeters.) Island of Grand Cayman (south of Cuba), Greater Antilles. IT have not seen a specimen of this form, which, like 7. lawrencii of St. Andrews Island, is evidently an offshoot of /. lewcopteryx. Icterus bairdi Cory, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 500 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory); v, 1888, 158; Birds W. I., 1889, 291; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 15, 110, 129, 146. ICTERUS LAWRENCII Cory. ST, ANDREW’S ORIOLE, Similar to /. deucopteryx, but slightly smaller, bill longer and more slender, and coloration much lighter; pileum, hindneck, back, scapu- lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts slightly olivaceous gamboge yellow or wax yellow (more decidedly tinged with olive on back and scapu- lars); under parts and sides of head clear lemon yellow, scarcely if at all tinged with olive. Young similar to that of /. lewcopterya but paler, with white band across terminal portion of greater wing- coverts, broader, and the band on middle coverts pale yellow instead of white. Adult.—Length (skin), 185.4; wing, 101.3; tail, 83.1; culmen, from base, 25.4; depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 24.6; middle toe, 17.’ St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea. Icterus lawrencii Cory, Descr. six new sp. birds from Old Providence and St. Andrews, May 27, 1887, 2; Auk, iv, July, 1887, 178, 181 (St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea; coll. C. B. Cory). Icterus lawrencei Stonk, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 301, in text. ICTERUS MESOMELAS MESOMELAS (Wagler). YELLOW-TAILED ORIOLE, Adults (sexes alike).—Lores, eyelids, anterior half of cheeks (back to or beyond middle of eye), chin, throat, and upper chest (except laterally), back, scapulars, wings (except lesser and middle coverts and outer webs of innermost greater coverts), and six middle rectrices, black; outer webs of longer innermost secondaries edged with white, producing a more or less conspicuous narrow stripe in the closed wing; outer webs of longer primaries narrowly edged with white toward tips; rest of plumage (including lesser and middle wing-coverts, outer webs of innermost greater coverts, and greater part of three outer- most rectrices,)” rich lemon yellow, deeper (more saffron or cadmium 'One specimen, sex not determined. * Base of outermost rectrix black on both webs; second with about basal third of inner web (less of outer web) black, and third with at least basal half of inner web black; sometimes the fourth rectrix is partly yellow (toward end), but frequently it is wholly black. 3654—voL 2Y—O1 20 306 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. yellow) on pileum and hindneck; bill black, with basal half of mandi- ble bluish gray (pale grayish blue or bluish white in life?); legs and feet grayish brown or horn color (bluish gray in life?). Young (jirst plumage).—Pileum and hindneck light yellowish olive- green, becoming more yellow on forehead; back and scapulars dull olive; rump and upper tail-coverts light olive-green or dull yellowish olive-green; wing-coverts dusky olive, the middle series broadly the greater narrowly tipped with dull yellow; remiges dusky, the tertials broadly edged with dull yellow or pale yellowish olive, the longer primaries narrowly edged with whitish; four middle rectrices dusky olive, edged (especially at ends) with pale yellowish olive; rest of rectrices paler olive, with pale yellow shafts and margins; under parts and sides of head canary yellow, the middle of the chest with a crescentic patch (not very distinct) of olive. Adult male.—Length (skins), 208.3—233.7 (219.5); wing, 86.9-94.5 (90.4); tail, 99.38-113.3 (104.6); culmen, from base, 20.6-22.9 (22.1); depth of bill at base, 9.4-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 27.9-30.5 (29); middle toe, 17-38-19.) (17-8).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 198.1-207 (202.4); wing, 83.8-89.4 (86.6); tail, 94.7-106.9 (100.8); culmen, from base, 20.3-21.6 (20.8); depth of bill at base, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 28.2-28.5; middle toe, 17-18 (17.5).’ . Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Tlalcotalpam; Motzo- rongo; Otatitlan; Cordova; Orizaba), Oaxaca (Minatitlan), Chiapas (Guichicovi), Tabasco, and Yucatan (Calotmul), through Guatemala (Choctum; Coban; Duefas) and British Honduras (Corosal; Belize) to Honduras (Omoa; San Pedro). Ps[arocolius] mesomelas WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 755 (Mexico). [ Xanthornus] mesomelas BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Tabasco, s. e. Mexico). Icterus mesomelas Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras), 293 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz); Ibis, 1883, 367 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 378 (Orizaba; Yucatan; Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; Corosal and Belize, British Honduras; San Pedro, Hondurag).— Sayin and Scuater, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duenhas and Coban, Guatemala) .—Scra- TER and SAtvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 837 (San Pedro, Honduras).— 'Ten specimens. * Two specimens. Ogi ———= Culmen,| Depth Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. from of bill nt oo | base. | at base. | a —— MALES. | Seven adult males from southeastern Mexico. .... 89.9 | 103.4 21.8 | 9.9 29 17.8 One adult male from Guatemala.........-....-.--- | 91.4 | 104.1 eo al erate eet 28.5 19.1 22.4 | er: 30.2 18.8 Two adult males from Honduras..........-..--.--- 91.2 109.2 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 307 Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (Omoa, Honduras).—LAwRENCcE, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 23 (Guichicovi, Chiapas).—Cassry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 51 (monogr.; Mexico; Guatemala; Yucatan ).— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (tierra caliente, Vera Sruz).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 445 (Calotmul, Yucatan) .— Satvrin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 470, part (Cordova and hot country, Vera Cruz; Guichicovi, Chiapas; Calotmul, Yucatan; Belize and Corosal, British Honduras; Coban and Choctum, Guatemala; Omoa and San Pedro, Honduras). [Icterus] mesomelas SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. Icterus mesomelas mesomelas Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 1538, in text. Icterus atrogularis Lesson, Cent. Zool., 1830, 73, pl. 22 (Mexico). Oriolus musicus CaBot, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1848, 155 (Yucatan); Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 1844, 465 (do.). ICTERUS MESOMELAS SALVINII (Cassin). SALVIN’S ORIOLE, Similar to /. m. mesomelas, but decidedly larger, without trace of white edging to secondaries, and with more black on tail (fourth ree- trix wholly black, and much more than basal half of third rectrix black). Adult matle.—Length (skins), 215.9-238.8 (228.9); wing, 87.6-101.6 (96.3); tail, 100.3-114.8 (107.7); culmen, from base, 24.4-26.9 (25.4); depth of billat base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 30-32.8 (30.7); middle toe, 18.3-21.8 (20.3).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 199.7-223.5 (212.3); wing, 86.6-98.3 (92.7); tail, 98.6-108.5 (104.9); culmen, from base, 22.9-24.9 (23.6); depth of bill at base, 10.2; tarsus, 29.7-30.5 (380); middle toe, 19.8- 20.3 (20.1).? 'Ten specimens. * Five specimens. Culmen,| Depth : Locality. Wing. | Tail. from | of bill | Tarsus. Mies | base. | at base. c: MALES. Three adult males from Nicaragua...............- 98.8 | 111 25.7 10.4 31.2 20.3 Three adult males from Costa Rica .......222--2--- 99.8 | 109 25.9 10.2 30.7 216i: Three adult males from Panama............-.-... 91.9 | 104.9 24.6 10.2 30.5 19.3 One adult male from Venezuela ...........2...... 91.2 | 101.6 24.9 9.9 30.5 21.6 FEMALES. Two adult females from Nicaragua .........-..... 91.7 | 103.6 24.4 10.2 29.7 19.8 One adult female from Costa Rica ...........--... O5RSa le 104e dal Rate eee 10.2 30.5 | 20.3 Two adult females from Panama....../.........-- 92.5 | 103.4 2351 10.2 30 20.3 Specimens from Central Colombia (‘‘ Bogota’’) are still smaller than Panama ex- amples, and occasionally have indistinct white edgings to the secondaries. They are thus intermediate between J. m. salvinii and I. m. taczanowskii (Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., iii, Apr. 15, 1901, 153), of western Ecuador and Peru, though nearer the former, 308 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Nicaragua (Rio Escondido; Los Sabalos; Greytown) to Colombia (Bogota; Antioquia; Rio Atrato) and Venezuela. Icterus mesomelas (not Psarocolius mesomelas Wagler) ScuATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 154 ( Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 133, part (Bogota); Ibis, 1883, 367, part (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 378, part ( Valza, Costa Rica; Chepo., Lion Hill, and Panama, Isthmus of Panama).—ScuaTEer and Sanvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 354 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1867, 297 (Blewfields, Nicaragua); 1879, 509 (Antioquia, Colombia).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 297 (Lion Hill); viii, 1865, 181 (Grey- town, Nicaragua ).—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9; An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (Sipurio and Talamanca, Costa Rica).—Nurrine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 402 (Los Sabalos, Nicaragua).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 162 (Cacagualito, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia).— Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 495 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits; song). [Icterus] mesomelas ScuaterR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 36, part. Icterus salvinii Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Apr., 1867, 51 (Turrialba and San Carlos, Costa Rica; Greytown, Nicaragua; Rio Atrato and Bogota, Colombia; Venezuela; type in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.) Icterus salvini LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1x, 1868, 104 (San Carlos and Turrialba, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 302 (Costa Rica).—ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 9. ; I{cterus] salvini Scuarer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 838, in text (Grit): Icterus mesomelas salvini BANGs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Sept. 20, 1900, 33 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). Icterus mesomelas salvinii Ripa@way, Proc. Wash. Ac. Sci., 11, 1901, 153, in text. ICTERUS PARISORUM Bonaparte. SCOTT’S ORIOLE, Adult male in summer.—Head, neck, chest, back, and scapulars uni- form black; lesser wing-coverts, edge of wing, under wing-coverts, axillars, under parts of body (except chest), thighs, under pales eee rump, and upper tail-coverts deep lemon yellow, the rump and upper tail-coverts usually more or less (sometimes strongly) tinged or washed with olive or olive-grayish; middle wing-coverts usually paler yellow, often passing into white at tips; rest of wings black, the greater coverts more or less broadly tipped with white, and some of the remiges (espe- cially the tertials) with narrow white margins; four middle rectrices black, with basal portion light lemon yellow; rest of rectrices with more than the basal half light lemon yellow, the terminal portion black, more or less margined terminally with white; bill black, with basal half of mandible light bluish gray; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn color. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer male but white mark- ings on wings much broader, feathers of back more or less margined with light gray, rump and upper tail-coverts more strongly washed with olive or gray, and flanks more or less tinged with olive. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 309 Adult female.—Above olive-grayish, becoming more yellowish olive on rump and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of pileum, back, and scapulars with darker mesial streaks, sometimes black with merely the margins grayish olive; wings dusky with light grayish edgings, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct bands; tail yellowish olive with four middle rectrices and terminal portion of the remainder darker, more grayish olive; under parts plain yellowish olive, passing into clear yellow (gamboge or light lemon) on median portion of breast and abdomen. (In those speci- mens having broad black centers to feathers of pileum, back, ete., the throat more or less spotted or clouded with black; sometimes the whole chin, throat, and chest uniform black.) Immature male.—Similar in coloration to adult females, but larger. Young male and female (first plumage).—Similar to the lighter- colored adult females, but paler, and with the remiges more broadly margined with whitish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 188-210.8 (199.1); wing, 98.6-106.7 (104.4); tail, 79.2-91.9 (88.4); exposed culmen, 20.8-24.6 (22.9); depth of bill at base, 8.6-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (23.9); middle toe, 17-19.1 (18).3 Adult female.—Length (skins), 184.2—203.2 (191.5); wing, 94.5-102. (97.8); tail, 81.3-88.4 (84.3); exposed culmen, 20.3-22.9 (21.3); depth of bill at base, 8.1-9.7 (8.9); tarsus, 23.4-24.9 (24.1); middle toe, 16.3-19.6 (17.5).? Southwestern United States, Lower California, and Mexican pla- teau; north to western Texas (El Paso County; Pecos River), New Mexico (Sandia Mountains, near Santa Fe; Silver City; Fort Bayard), Arizona (Chiricahua and Santa Rita mountains; Tucson), southern Utah (Beaver Dam Mountains), southern Nevada (Charleston, Grape- vine, White, and Juniper mountains, and Stillwater), and southern California (San Bernardino, San Diego, Los Angeles, and Inyo counties); south to Vera Cruz (temperate and alpine zones), Puebla (San Bartolo; Tehuacan), Mexico (Tlalpam), and Hidalgo (Pachuca). 1Sixteen specimens. * Ten specimens. Adult males from different localities average as follows: ‘Culmen,| Depth | Middle Locality. Wing.} Tail. | from of bill Tarsus. ae | base. | at base. a Seite a MALES. | Ten adult males from Arizona, New Mexico, west- | PIMP H Ce ee ete Seen sane | 104.4] 97.6] 28.1 Gaz) Voda aes Four adult males from Lower California.......... | 104. 6 89.7 | 22.6 9.7 | 23.9 18.5 Two adult males from southern Mexico (Tlalpam | BU GEGUSITAY UALO) ones se osceae ace ns ces aces cesar | 104.4 88.9 | 22.4 9.1 | 23.6 17.8 | 310 - BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Icterus parisorum BoNAPARTE, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1837, 110 (Mexico; coll. Paris brothers).—Sciatrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 303 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1860, 251 (Mexico); 1864, 175 (valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 132 (n. Mexico; Cape St. Lucas); Ibis, 1883, 365 (monogr.) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 374 (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; near City of Mexico; Pecos R., Texas; Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon.)—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 544; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 57, fig. 1; Rep. U. 8. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19, pl. 19, fig. 1 (Santa Catarina, and near Monterey, Nuevo Leon); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 411; Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 301, 304 (Cape St. Lucas).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 54 (monogr.).—SumicnHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc., i, 1869, 553 (temperate and alpine regions, Vera Cruz).—Coorrr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 276 (Cape St. Lucas to Texas; Fort Mojave, California’?).—Covers, Check List, 1873, no. 219.—Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 188, pl. 35, fig. 7—HensHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873 (1874), 160 (Arizona s. of Gila R.).—RipGway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 268.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 69 (Chiricahua Mts., s. Arizona).—BELDING, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 54 (La Paz, Lower California, winter); vi, 1883, 348 (Victoria Mts., Lower California, up to 4,500 ft.).—Scorr, Auk, ii, 1885, 1-7 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona; breed- ing habits, etc.); iv, 1887, 22 (Pima and Gila counties, Arizona; habits, ete. ).—AMERICAN OrniITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 504.—FrEr- RARI-PerEZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 150 (San Bartolo, Puebla, Nov. ).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 463.—Mor- com, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 47 (Chino Canyon and Coahuilla Valley, San Diego Co., California, Apr.).—Nertson, Auk, vii, 1891, 237 (San- dia Mts., near Santa Fe, New Mexico, July ).—Browne, Auk, vii, 1891, 238 (San Diego, California, 1 spec., May 16; Silver City, New Mexico).—AnrHony, Auk, viii, 1892, 364 (s. w. New Mexico, breeding); xi, 1894, 327 (San Diego Co., California; San Quentin, Lower California); xii, 1895, 140 (San Fernando, Lower California, resident).—FisHer, North Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 76 (Argus, Inyo, Coso, and Panamint Mts., s. e. California; Charles- ton, Grapevine, White, and Juniper Mts. and Mt. Magruder, s. Nevada; Beaver Dam Mts., s. Utah).—Brnprre, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 471, pl. 6, figs. 28, 29 (eggs).—Nernrirnc, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 269, pl. 31, fig 2.—Tuurser, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (near San Bernardino, Cal- ifornia, Apr. 1, 1895).—GRINNELL, Pub. ii, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1898, 33 (Los Angeles, California, Apr. 19, 1895).—Wutson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 189 (Fort Bayard, New Mexico, | spec.). [Icterus] parisorum ScuavEeR and Sartvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. 5 I[cterus] parisorum Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 409.—Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 373. [ Xanthornus] parisorum Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 434 (Mexico). Icterus parisiorum Cougs, Check List, 2d ed, 1882, no. 329.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882. 200 (Santa Rita Mts. and Tucson, Arizona; descr. young). Icterus melanochrysura Lesson, Rey. Zool., 1839, 105 (Mexico). Icterus scottii Coucn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1854, 66 (Coahuila and Nueyo Leon, n.e. Mexico; coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.?). ICTERUS GALBULA (Linnzus). BALTIMORE ORIOLE, Adult male in summer.—Head, neck, back, and scapulars uniform black, that of the throat extending posteriorly into median portion of BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. oll chest; rump, upper tail-coverts, lesser and middle wing-coverts, and under parts of body (except median portion of upper chest) rich orange or orange-yellow;' wings (except lesser and middle coverts) black, the greater coverts broadly tipped with white, the remiges more or less edged with same; middle pair of rectrices black, except the concealed basal portion; remainder of tail light orange or orange- yellow, crossed near the base by a broad band of black; maxilla black, mandible pale grayish blue (in life), with tip dusky; iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer male, but scapulars and interscapulars margined with dull orange, orange of rump and upper tail-coverts more or less obscured with olive, and white wing- edgings broader. Adult female in summer.—Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars saffron-olive, the ‘ts athers with more or less distinct central spots of black or dusky; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail olive-saftron, brightest (sometimes dull orange) on upper tail-coverts; wings dusky, the middle coverts broadly, the greater coverts more narrowly, tipped with white, the remiges edged with gray (sometimes white on longer primaries); under parts saffron yellow or dull orange-yellow, paler and duller on abdomen, tinged with olive on sides and flanks, the throat usually with more or less of black.” Adult female + ilar to the summer female, but plum- age softer and back tinged with gray. Immature male.—Variously intermediate in coloration between the adult female and fully adult male, according to age. Young in jirst autumn and winter. ssentially different from those adult females without black on upper parts or throat. Young, jirst plumage.—Kssentially similar to the lighter colored adult females, but upper parts paler and grayer, without dusky centers to feathers of pileum, back, ete.; under parts dull whitish shading into pale saffron-olive on chest, sides, and flanks; chin grayish itl throat pale olive-yellowish, and white wing-markings somewhat tinged with dull yellowish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 172.7-188 (181.1); wing, 91.4-102.1 (97); tail, 70.6-80 (75.9); exposed culmen, 17.5-19.8 (18.3); depth of bill at base, 9.1-10.7 (9.9); tarsus, 22.9-25.4 (23.9); middle toe, 15.2- 6.8 (15.7).3 ‘Varying from cadmium yellow to intense orange, or almost flame scarlet, the average hue being cadmium orange. *There is a very great amount of individual variation in the adult female. A majority of specimens show more or less black on the upper parts, some having the head, neck, and back nearly uniform black and the middle rectrices mostly black, thus to be distinguished from males in the second or third year only by dissection. * Twelve specimens, 312 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Length (skins), 157.5-170.2 (166.1); wing, 85.1- 91.9 (88.9); tail, 66-71.9 (68.6); exposed culmen, 16-18 (17.5) depth of bill at base, 8.4-10.2 (9.4); tarsus, 22.4-24.1 (23.1); middle toe, 14.7-16.5 (15.5). Eastern temperate North America; breeding from the more south- ern United States (Texas to the Carolinas), except along the Gulf coast, northward to Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba (to latitude 55°); west to eastern Assiniboia, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, east of the Rocky Mountains; in winter south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colombia (province of Santa Marta) and Venezuela (Caracas?); accidental in Cuba, at York Factory, and said to have been taken in the Shetland Islands. [ Coracias] galbula Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, 108 (‘‘America’’; based on Icterus ex aureo nigroque varius Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pl. 48). Icterus galbula Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 98; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 326.—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 271; Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 580 (Truxillo, Honduras, Sept.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 319.—CHAMBERLAIN, Bull. i, Nat. Hist. Soc. N. B., 1882, 41 (New Brunswick, rare summer resid. ); Auk, iv, 1887, 256 (near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Sept. ).— OaiLBy, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc., iii, 1882, 48 (Navarro Co., Texas, 1 spec., Aug. 30).—Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 92 (Memphis, Tennessee, and Jackson, Mississippi, summer ).—BrckHam, Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., vi, 1883, 143 (Nelson Co., Kentucky, breeding).—Nurrine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 18838, 500 (San José, Costa Rica); vi, 1883, 392 (Ometepe, Nicaragua).—BrcK- NELL, Auk, ii, 1885, 251 (song).—AGErsBorG, Auk, ii, 1885, 282 (s. e. South Dakota, breeding ).—Cooxer, Auk, ii, 1885, 58 (migrations in 1884); Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 170 (dates, ete. ); Birds Col., 1897, 95 (rare summer resid. El Paso Co., ete., e. side of mountains); Bull. no. 44, Col. Agric. Col., 1898, 164 (Golden, Colorado).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 219 (West Indian references); Birds W. I., 1889, 106; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 110 (Cuba).—American OrniTHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 507.—FErrRARI-PrrREz, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 149 (Tezuitlan, Puebla, Nov.; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Sept. ).—ZELEpon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San José, Cartago, and Alajuela, Costa Rica).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 403 (whole State, ' Kight specimens. Specimens from the Mississippi Valley agree very closely with those from the Atlantic States, both in coloration and measurements; possibly the former average brighter in coloration, especially adult males, some of which are by far the most intensely colored examples seen. Average measurements are as follows: Ex- Depth . Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus, | Middle culmen. | at base. ; MALES. Six adult males from Atlantic States.............. 97 77 18 9.9 23.9 16 Six adult males from Mississippi Valley......-.... 96.8 74.7 18.3 10.2 24.1 15.7 FEMALES, Four adult females from Atlantic States.......... 88.1 68.6 17.5 9.4 22.9 15.2 Four adult females from Mississippi Valley....-.-. 89.4 68.8 17.3 9.1 23.4 | 165.5 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. oile summer resid.).—THompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 580 (localities in s. and w. Manitoba; habits, etc.).—CHErrRiz, Auk, viii, 1892, 250 (San José, Costa Rica, Oct. 5 to Mar. 16); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, 1893, 30 (Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica).—RicHMmonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1898, 496 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. 20 to Feb. 16).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 482, pl. 7, figs. 6-9 (eggs).—BraL, Yearbook U. 8. Dep. Agr. for 1895, 426-430, fig. 111 (food, ete.)—Nernrumne, Our Native Birds, ete., ii, 1896, 286, pl. 30, figs. 1, 2.—Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 139 (Santa Marta, Colombia, winter).—Rospprns, Auk, xvi, 1899, 354 (song).— Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 (breeding in East Feliciana parish, Louisiana).—FbLemine, Auk, xviii, 1901, 40 (Port Sydney and Beaumaris, n. Ontario, summer resident ).—Cary, Auk, xviii, 1901, 236 (Edgemont, Black Hills, Wyoming, breeding). (Icterus] galbula Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 13. I[cterus] galbula Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 408.—Ripeaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 377. [Oriolus] baltimore Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 162 (based on IJcterus minor Brisson, 11, Orn., 109; Icterus ex aureo nigroque varius Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pl. 48).—GmMe in, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 381.—-LarHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 180. Oriolus baltimore Witson, Am. Orn., 1, 1808, 23, pl. 1, fig. 3; vi, 1812, 88, pl. 53, fig. 4. Icterus baltimore Daupin, Traité d’Orn., ii, 1800, 348.—TremMinck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 47.—Bonapartr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1828, 51; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 116 (Guatemala); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29.—LIcHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 1 (Mexico).—Nurrati, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 152.—Swarnson and RicnHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 284.—AubuBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 66, pl. 12; v. 1839, 278, pl. 423; Synopsis, 1839, 143; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 37, pl. 217.—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 548; Rep. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (San Antonio, Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 415.—Haypen, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1862, 170 (wooded portions of the Missouri Valley).—ScuarEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 175 (Mexico); Ibis, 18838, 354 (monoer.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; British Honduras; Choctum, Cahabon, Coban, San Pedro Martir, Volean de Fuego, and Escuentla, Gua- temala; San Pedro. Honduras; Chontales, Nicaragua; Irazui distr. and Bebe- dero, Costa Rica; Bugaba and Calobre, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Minca, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela? ).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 331 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 1777 (David, Chiriqui).—Btaxiston, Ibis, 1862, 7 (Forks of Saskatchewan, June 2).—ScLATER and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 353 (Lion Hill).— Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 493 (Matamoras, Tamaulipas, breeding?; Houston, Texas).—Gunpiacu, Reprt. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 286; Journ. fiir Orn., 1874, 127 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1892, 95.—Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 553 (Vera Cruz, migrant).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 146 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, Aug.), 150 (e. Colorado, sum- mer), 178 (Kansas; Wyoming; Colorado; crit.).—SNow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (common); 3d ed., 1875, 8.—Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 183 (Colorado) ; Field and Forest, 1877, 208 (do. ).—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 216; Birds N. W., 1874, 198; Bull. U. 8S. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., iv, 1878, 604 (Pembina, North Dakota, breeding; crit.).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 59 (San José, Costa Rica, Mar., Apr.).—Brewsrer, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 142 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 176 (descr. young).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, t iPr 314 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 195, pl. 35, fig. 5; iii, 1874, 518 (El Paso Co., Colorado).—McCautey, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 669 (Wolf Creek, n. Texas, breeding).—McCuesney, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., v, 1879, 80 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, May 19 to Sept. 1).— MERRILL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 135 (Fort Brown, Texas!).—Satvin, and Gopman, Ibis, 1880, 123 (Minea, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, Feb.) ; Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 460.—S.Lapkg, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 181 (food).—ZELEpoN, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10.—Satvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 262 (Guatemala). [Icterus] baltimore Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 158.—Sciarer and SaLvrn, ‘ Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 36. I{cterus] baltimore Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 112 (n. e. Illinois, May 8 to Sept. ). Ycterus baltimore LEMBEYE, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 63, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2. tsieheeae; Ps[arocolius] baltimore WAGLER, Syst. Av., 1827, Psarocolius, sp. 27. ; Y [phanthes] baltimore Vrettiot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 708. é Yphantes baltimore Virtitiot, Gal. Ois., i, 1824, 124, pl. 87.—Woopnouse, Rep. i Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zufi and Col. R., 1853, 79 (Indian Terr.; e. Texas).— : Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, 90 (Mexico).—Haymonp, Proce. Ac. 4 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 291 (Franklin Co., Indiana).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). [ Yphantes] baltimore BoNaparrr, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 432. | H (yphantes] baltimore CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 183. | Hyphantes baltimore GuNpiacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 10 (Cuba).—Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 57 (Cays, bet. Belize and Omoa, British Honduras).— CaBaNnis, Journ. ftir Orn., 1861, 7 (San José, Costa Rica).—Cassin, Proe. Ac. | Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 62 (monogr.).—LawreEnceg, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, | 104 (San José, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fir. Orn., 1869, 303 (Costa Rica). Yphantes baltimorensis ScLaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 142 (Chiriqui). Hyphantes baltimorensis SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 205 (San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz); 1859, 57, 365 (Jalapa). Icterus baltimorensis SCLATER and SALvIN, Ibis, 1859, 20 (Vera Paz, Guatemala) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 279 ( Blewfields R., Nicaragua); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Scuarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (Pennsylvania; Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (David, Chiriqui) ; 1870, 190 (Calobre, Veragua); Ibis, 1872, 317 (Chontales, Nica- ragua).—Covurs, Proce. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 37, 285 (Massachusetts); Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 117 (South Carolina).—Triprr, Proc. Essex : Inst., vi, 1871, 117 (Minnesota). * Icterus baltimorus Witson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 88, pl. 53, fig. 4 (female).— McIiwrairnx, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 90 (Hamilton, Ontario). Oriolus tricolor MiuurR, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 87 (based on Le Baltimore bdtard, du Canada, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 506, fig. 2; = adult female). ICTERUS BULLOCKII (Swainson). BULLOCK’S ORIOLE. Adult male in summer.—Greater part of pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, lores, postocular streak, anterior portion of malar region, chin, and broad stripe down middle of throat, black; rest of head and neck (including a broad superciliary stripe and sometimes the whole 1 Discredits alleged breeding at Matamoras. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 315 forehead), orange or orange-yellow,' the under parts similar, but rather paler or more yellowish orange posteriorly; rump and upper tail-coverts orange or orange-yellow, more or less (often strongly) tinged with olive; lesser wing-coverts partly black, partly (next to bend and anterior border) orange; exposed portion of middle and greater coverts white, forming a large patch; rest of wings, including greater portion of inner webs of greater coverts, black, the secondaries (except at base of five or six outermost) broadly, the primaries more narrowly, edged with white; middle pair of rectrices black, except at base; next pair mostly black; remaining rectrices orange-yellow, with more or less of black or dusky at tips (sometimes also on subbasal por- tion of inner webs); maxilla black, mandible bluish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color in dried skins. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer male, but scapulars and interscapulars margined with grayish, feathers of under parts faintly margined with whitish, and those of rump and upper tail-coverts tipped with light grayish. Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck yellowish olive, becoming grayer posteriorly; back, scapulars, and rump olive-grayish, the back sometimes narrowly or indistinctly streaked with dusky; upper tail- coverts and tail olivaceous saffron yellow, or wax yellow, rather brighter on edges of the rectrices; sides of head (including superciliary stripe), sides of neck, and chest (sometimes most of throat also—more rarely most of under parts) saffron yellowish or dull orange-yellow; chin and median line of throat more whitish, sometimes blotched with black (chin and median line of throat rarely solid black ?); rest of under parts dull buffy whitish, the sides and flanks tinged with pale olive- grayish, and breast (sometimes abdomen also) tinged with yellow; anal region and under tail-coverts more yellowish, sometimes distinctly yellow; wings dusky, the middle coverts broadly tipped with white, forming a distinct band, the greater coverts and remiges edged with white or grayish white. Immature male (second year).—Similar to the adult female, but chin and median line of throat solid black, the lores also black, and size slightly larger. Young male, first plumage.—Similar to adult female, but throat entirely yellowish, wing-markings more buffy whitish, and plumage in general more or less suffused with buffy, especially the under parts. Young female, first plumage.—Similar to the young male, but slightly paler. Adult male.—Length (skins), 171.5-193 (180.3); wing, 97—102.4 (99.8); tail, 75.7-81.8 (78.7); exposed culmen, 16.5-20.6 (18.5); depth 1 Varying from almost lemon yellow to deeper than cadmium orange, the average hue about the ‘‘orange’’ of my ‘‘ Nomenclature of Colors.” 316 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of bill at base, 9.1-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 24.1-25.4 (24.9); middle toe, 15.7- 17.8 (16.3).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 167.6-190.5 (177); wing, 89.4-98.3 (93.7); tail, 69.3-79.2 (74.4); exposed culmen, 17-19.8 (18.3); depth of bill at base, 8.6-9.7 (9.1); tarsus, 23.4-25.4 (24.6); middle toe, 15.5—- O7.85(hG6:3)." Western United States and British provinces and plateau of Mexico; north to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern Assiniboia; east to eastern border of the Great Plains in middle portions of South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas (Manhattan), Indian Territory, and Texas, more sparingly to eastern portion of the sume States; breeding south at least to States of Sonora and Chihuahua, northern Mexico; in winter south to States of Colima (Manzanillo), Mexico (Tlalpam, valley of Mexico), Puebla (Huechuetlan, Huachimango), and Durango (Chacala, Papasquiaro). Accidental in Maine (Sorrento, Hancock County, November, 1889). NXanthornus bullockii Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 486 (tableland of Mexico). Agelaius bullockii Ricnarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (18387), 176. Icterus bullockii Bonararre, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29.—AvupuBon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 9, pls. 388, 433; Synopsis, 1839, 143; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 43, pl. 218.—Newserry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 87 (Sacra- mento Valley, California).—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 549; Rep. U. 8. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 20 (Guadalupe Canon and Eagle Pass, Texas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 416.—Xanrus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California).—Hernry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coorrr and Sucktey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Survy., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 209 (Puget Sound, ete.).—SciaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 130 (California; n. Mexico).—Lorp, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst., iv, 1864, 121 (British Columbia).—Covers, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 91 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 217; Birds N. W., 1874, 195.— Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 273.—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. 1 Twelve specimens. * Twelve specimens. Specimens from California are smaller than those from the interior, and apparently average rather duller in coloration; average measurements of equal series from east and west of the Sierra Nevada, respectively, are as follows: : Ex- Depth : Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | of bill | Tarsus. | Middle /culmen.) at base. a MALES. Six adult males from Great Basin and Rocky MOUNTAINGCIStTIC ho. -ja--ceeese sce eae ee set 101.1 80.5 | 19.1 | 10.2 24.9 16.3 Six adult males from: Californias..:....2.s» a | | - Seven adult males from New England States ...........---- | 12322. 80.3 35 41.9 30.5 Fourteen adult males from eastern Middle States.......-.-- teil 29 78 33.8 41.9 | 30.2 Nine adult males from upper Mississippi Valley .......-.-.-- 118.1] 75.2 | 28.5 bo w Se on _ oS > (Nearly all of the above breeding birds. ) * Hight specimens. - » * Cie a> EEO PSA weeny eee SE Cees Parade BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. B59 [Alauda] magna Lrxnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 167 (Carolinas; based on Alauda magna Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, p. 33, pl. 33); ed. 12, i, 1766, 289.—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 801. Alauda magna Wits0on, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 20, pl. 19. Sturnella magna Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 535; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 406.—HaAybDEN, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, xii, 1862, 169.—VERRILL, Proc. Essex Jnst., iii, 1862, 157 (s. Maine, summer).—BuaK- Iston, Ibis., 1862, 7 (Forks of en hew: an, Apr. 15).—ALLEeN, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1868, 496 (Iowa, etc.).—Triprr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1872, 239 Tow a).—Hartinec, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 118 (England, escaped ).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8; ed. 3, 1875, 8 (summer resident ).— GENTRY, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 98 (habits).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 174, pl. 34, fig. 2.—Mrarns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 36 (Fishkill, New York, winter).—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 263; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 316, colored plate (frontis- plece).—CHAMBERLAIN, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunsw., no. 1, 1882, 41 (New Brunswick, rare summer resident).—KNow.ron, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 182 (Middlebury, Vermont, Dec. 9).—Lanaitir, Our Birds in their Haunts, 1884, 84, 85 (habits; song).—BickNneLL, Auk, ii, 1885, 250 (song).—ScuaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358, part. —AMERICAN OrnitHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 501, part.—THompson, Trans. Canad. Inst., i, 1890, 3 (Toronto, Ontario, Jan., Feb. ).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 400 (abundant in e. and middle, rare in w. Kansas).—Braut, Year- book U. 8. Dept. Agric. for 1895, 420-426, fig. 110 (food, ete. ).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 159, pl. 29, fig. 5.—Knieut, Bull. Univ. Maine, no. 3, 1897, 87 (rare summer resident).—FLemine, Auk, xvili, 1901, 40 (Muskoka and Port Sydney, n. Ontario, summer).—Brewster, Auk, xviii, 1901, 194 (Rangely, Maine, 1 spec., Apr. 21). S[turnella] magna Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 406.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 372 [Sturnella magna] var. magna Baird, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, STAR dhe [Sturnella magna] a. magna Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy ). Sturnella magna magna Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, i, Feb. 28, 1899, 20, in text. (?) [Sturnus] ludovicianus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 290 (‘‘ Louisiana;’’ based on Sturnus ludovicianus Brisson, Orn., ii, p. 449, pl. 41, fig. 1).—Gmenin, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 802.—LarHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 323. Sturnus ludovicianus BONAPARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 180.—Nut- TALL, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 147.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 216, part; v, 1839, 492, pl. 136. Sturnella ludoviciana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 282.—AupuBon, Syn- opsis, 1839, 148, part (includes S. neglecta).—Sciarer, Ibis, 1861, 177 (Suf- folk, England); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 30 (do. ); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139.—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., E66; 23 (monogr. ).—Scorr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 145 (Johnson eee . Missouri). [Sturnella] ludoviciana Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 429. Cacicus alaudarius Daupin, Traité d’ Orn., ii, 1500: 325 (based on Sturnus ludovi- cianus and Alauda magna Linnzeus). S{turnella] collaris Vieriior, Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 633 (cites Sturnus ludovicianus and Alauda magna Linnezeus, ete. ). Sturnella collaris Virtwuot, Gal. Ois., 1, 1834, 134. Sturnus collaris WAGLER, Syst. Av., 1827, Sturnus, sp. 1. 360 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sturnella colaris Vie1Luot, Gal. Ois., i, 1834, pl. 90. [Sturnella magna.] a. Subsp. typica Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358, in list of specimens (District Columbia; New York; Illinois). STURNELLA MAGNA ARGUTULA Bangs. SOUTHERN MEADOWLARK. Similar to S. m. magna, but decidedly smaller and coloration darker; upper parts with relatively more black (this prevailing on back in breeding season), the brown markings deeper or more decidedly brown (varying from raw umber to mummy brown); yellow of under parts averaging deeper; white on lateral rectrices more restricted. Adult male.—Length (skins), 205.5-234.7 (219.2); wing, 104.6-118.9 (111.8); tail, 67.6-78.5 (72.9); culmen, from base, 30.5-85.1 (32.8); tarsus, 39.4-48.9 (41.4); middle toe, 27.4-31.8 (29.2).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 191.8-199.4 (197.1); wing, 95.3—- 101.6 (99.1); tail, 60.2-67.1 (63); culmen, from base, 27.9-30.2 (28.7); tarsus, 36.3-40.6 (38.4); middle toe; 25.9-30.2 (27.4).”— - Lower Austral or Austroriparian life-zone of eastern United States, from Florida, the Carolinas (7), ete., to Louisiana, and north through lower Mississippi Valley to southeastern Illinois (Richland, Lawrence, and! Wabash counties) and southwestern Indiana (Knox County).* ‘Sixteen specimens. * Eight specimens. Average measurements according to locality are as follows: Culmen, ° Locality. Wing. | Tail. from | Tarsus. ae base. 7 MALES. | Ten adult males from southern Florida............-.-.----- | 112.5 73.4 32.5 41.7 | ZONE Seven adult males (breeding) from coast of Louisiana. ----- } 110.5 71.4 S503) edie | 28.5 Eight adult males (breeding) from lower Wabash Valley- . -| . 115.6 72.1 | 32.3 38. 6 27.4 FEMALES. | k Five adult females from southern Florida ..........-------- 100.3 63.8 | 29 38.6 QT Three adult females from Louisiana ...-.-- SLs eos aaieeete 96. 5 62m 28.7 37.6 26.9 Two adult females from lower Wabash Valley.....-..------ ) StO3c1 62.5 29.5 35.8 | 27.2 | ’T feel compelled to refer to this form the meadow-larks breeding in the lower Wabash Valley, for the reason that they agree far more closely in size and coloration with Louisiana and Florida birds than they do with those from the upper Missis- sippi Valley, eastern Middle States, and other portions of the Upper Austral life-zone— those of the Transition zone being still more different. The measurements given above will, when compared with those of S.m. magna on page 358, clearly show their status as based on measurements. Regarding their coloration, it may be said that no difference worthy of consideration seems to exist when birds taken in the breed- ing season are compared (winter birds from the lower Mississippi Valley are unfor- tunately not available), though Florida specimens seem, as a rule, to have the black jugular crescent slightly narrower than others. ih te eee Pere at ¥. Tie ME é osy sto piceeiyd wit er er at’ . . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 361 Sturnella ludoviciana (not Sturnus ludovicianus Linneeus) ALLEN, Buli. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 288, excl. syn. (e. Florida; crit.). Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linnzeus) Merriam, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 87 (Okahumkee, Florida).—Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 1389, part (Florida).—Bryerr, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 105 (Louisiana, breeding). : Sturnella magna mexicana (not Sturnella mexicana Sclater) CHapman, Auk, v, 1888, 273 (Gainesville, Florida; crit.).—Scorr, Auk, vi, 1889, 320 (Tarpon Springs, ete., Florida; crit.).—Brnpirn, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 461, part. Sturnella magna argutula Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Soc., i, Feb. 28, 1899, 20 (Dunedin, Hillsboro Co., Florida; coll. E. A.and O. Bangs).—ALLEN, Auk, xviii, 1901, 174 (republication of original descr. ). STURNELLA MAGNA HOOPESI Stone. TEXAS MEADOWLARK, Similar to S. m. magna, but yellow of under parts deeper even than in S. m. argutula, and of a slightly (sometimes decidedly) orange hue; coloration of upper parts paler, with black bars on tertials and middle rectrices more frequently isolated, as well as narrower; size of upper Mississippi Valley specimens of S. 7. magna. Adult male.—Length (skins), 200.7-230.6 (215.6); wing, 113-126 (117.1); tail, 63.5-79.2 (72.4); culmen, from base, 30.2-35.6 (83.3); tarsus, 37.8—44.4 (41); middle toe, 24.1-33 (28.7).' Adult female.—Length (skins), 195.6-205.7 (200.1); wing, 100.3- 109.7 (106.4); tail, 64-73.7 (68.3); culmen, from base, 30.5-33.5 (81.7); tarsus, 36.8-39.4 (87.8); middle toe, 27.4-30.5 (28.7).” Southeastern Texas and westward through Rio Grande Valley and southern New Mexico (San Luis Springs, Guadalupe Mountains, etc.) to southern Arizona (Calabasas, San Bernardino Ranch, Sachill, ete.); southward into Sonora (San Pedro, Cachuta, Nacory, Santa Cruz River, etc.), Chihuahua (San Diego), and Tamaulipas (also probably Coahuila and Nuevo Leon). 'Twenty-seven specimens. * Nine specimens (all from Texas). Adult males from different localities average as follows: Locality. | Wing. | Tail. |Culmen./Tarsus. | Middle Eight adult males from Corpus Christi, Texas (measured by | EVAL CLOW AY) eryaeiere mes ote alae alee ieee orion olen toon cee | 116.8 74.9 34.8 42.9 | 30.9 Eight adult males from other parts of Texas (measured by | Nine adult males from Mexican boundary (New Mexico | 39.9 | 26.7 | EMR ETROE Ril sy.) Peer et ean a PR on Di rE ene T Cpe hae Ce | 116.6) 73.9 33.8 | 40.6 28.2 | PING] ZNTEV 05219 See a ee an Oe ea oe] 119.2] 69.6] 32 | Two adult males from southern Tamaulipas ............-.-- 116.1 72.4 3.7 40.6 | 30.5 Three adult males of S. m. mexicana from Guanajuato, Du- | TANS OTAN a IMICHOACAN eos. 5s ese. See hee nln ee Se eee seen 115.3 70.1 30.8 | 37.1 25 362 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linnzeus) Burcner, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas, Dec.).—SEnnerr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and nae Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 24 (Brownsville, Texas).—Merriuu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i 1878, 133 (Fort Brown, Texas, winter).—(?) OaiiBy, Sci. Pe Roy. Dubl. ae. iii, 1882 (45) (Navarro Co., Texas, Oct. to Feb.).—NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 166 (Harris Co.,s. e. Texas, resident).— Hancock, Bull. Ridew. Orn. Club, no. 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas ).— RHOADS, Brae, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 108 (Corpus Christi, Texas ).—Srne- LEY, Rep. Geol. Sury. Tex., 1894, 371 (Corpus Christi, Rio Grande City, and Hidalgo, Texas). eee Life Hist. Am. Birds, ii, 1895, 458, part(Texas ).— Carroti, Auk, xvii, 1900, 345 (Refugio Co., Texas, breeding). S[turnella] mexicana (not of Sclater) Brewer, ibis, 1878, 487 (Fort Brown, Texas). Sturnella mexicana Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 152 (Fort Brown, Texas). Sturnella magna var. mexicana [Rrpaway and] Merrit, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 134, excl. syn. (Fort Brown, Texas, summer resident). [Sturnella magna.] Var. mexicana Oaiiey, Sci. Proe. Roy. Dubl. Soe., ii, 1882 (45) (Navarro Co., Texas, summer resident; habits). Sturnella magna mexicana ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 90; Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 37 (San Diego, n. w. Chihuahua; San Pedro, Cachuta, and Nacory, n. e. Sonora).—Rrpeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, i 1880, 183, 218, 232; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 263a.—Brewster, Auk, ii, 1885, 198 (Crittenden, Arizona, July).—AMeERIcAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, Check List, 1886, no. 50la.—Benprre, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1i, 1895, 461, part, pl. 6, fig. 22 (Fort Brown, etc., s. Texas; Matamoras, Tamaulipas) .— Cooxs, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 167 (Rio Grande and Eagle Pass, Texas). S[turnella] imLagna] mexicana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 406, part. S[turnella] magna mexicana Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 372, part. Sturnella magna hoopesi Stonr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., Mar., 1897, 149 (Brownsville, Texas; coll. J. Hoopes!).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, Auk, xvi, 1899, 113 (Check List, no. 501a). STURNELLA MAGNA MEXICANA (Sclater). MEXICAN MEADOWLARE. Similar to S. m. hoopes/, but averaging smaller, especially tail and bill; brown markings of upper parts more decidedly brown, the paler markings decidedly buffy, especially the median crown-stripe; black markings of back and rump more solidly black, those of the former more confluent; black postocular stripe broader; black jugular cres- cent averaging narrower; yellow of under parts (while equally deep) decidedly duller, inclining to saffron yellow. Adult male.—Length (skins), 210.3-243.6 (221); wing, 110.2-121.4 (116.1); tail, 64-72.4 (69.6); culmen, from base, 29.5-33.5 (31); tarsus, 38.1-43.4 (40.9); middle toe, 25.7-31.5 (29.7).” ‘ Adult female.—Length (skin), 186.7; wing, 97.3-99.1 (98); tail (one ; 'Type now in collection of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. ' * Kleven specimens. k- BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. - 363 specimen), 66; culmen, from base, 29.2—-31.8 (80.5); tarsus, 35.8-38.6 (387.1); middle toe, 25.4—28.5 (26.9)." Southern portion of Mexican plateau, in States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Oaxaca (northern and western), Guanajuato, Durango, Jalisco, etc., and Territory of Tepic; also, highlands of southeastern Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Guatemala.’ Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linnzeus) Swarnson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 436 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo).—Sciaterr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358, part. Stlurnella] hippocrepis (not Sturnus hippocrepis Wagler) BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 429, part (Mexico). Sturnella hippocrepis Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 301 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 381 (Oaxaca).—SciaTErR and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 19 (Duenas, Guatemala).—Satvin and Scuater, Ibis, 1860, 34 (Duefias). Sturnella mexicana ScuaTER, Ibis, Ist ser., ili, Apr., 1861, 179 (Jalapa, Cordova, and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; coll P. L. Sclater?); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139 (Jalapa).— Cass1n, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 24 (Mexico; Guatemala). [Sturnella magna] var. mexicana Bairp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 11, 1874, 172, part. Sturnella magna var. mexicana LAWRENCE, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 24 (Barrio and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca). [Sturnella magna] d. mexicana Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 190, part (syronymy ). Sturnella ludoviciana mexicana ScuATER, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 26, part. Sturnella magna mexicana AMERICAN ORNiTHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 501la, part. —FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 152 (Llano de Chapulco and Chietla, Puebla).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1887, 456, part (descr. eggs). [Sturnella magna.] ¢. Subsp. mexicana ScuaTer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 360, in list of specimens, part (localities in Mexico and Guatemala). [Sturnella] ludoviciana (not Sturnus ludovicianus Linnzeus) ScLATER and SALVIN, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38, part. Sturnella ludoviciana Boucarn, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 36. Sturn[ ella] ———? Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 552, part (plateau region, Vera Cruz). (?) Sturnella magna alticola Netson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266 (Ocuilapa, Chiapas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 1Two specimens. Adult males from eastern and western Mexico, respectively, average as follows: Culmen,| : Locality. Wing. | Tail. from | Tarsus. Middle | s toe. base. Six adult males from eastern Mexico ...............-------- | 115.6 70.4 30.2 | 40.9 29.2 Five adult males from western Mexico ...............-..--- | 116.3 | 68.6 39S \— 4059 30. 2 Five adults from Guatemala and Chiapas.............:....- 111.8] 68.8 31.5 | 40.9 28.7 * With the same material before me I can not satisfactorily make out Mr. Nelson’s S.m. alticola (Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 266) as a sufficiently well-characterized subspe- cies. Mr. Nelson compares it primarily with S.im. magna, but I fail to understand his reason for doing so, its very close relationship to S. m. mexicana being obvious. The specimens from the highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas are not, however, in satisfactory plumage, and possibly I may be in error in uniting the supposed form to S.m. mexicana. 364 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. STURNELLA MAGNA INEXPECTATA Ridgway. CENTRAL AMERICAN MEADOWLARK, Similar to S. m. mexicana, but decidedly smaller; plumage of upper parts still more decidedly brownish; yellow of under parts ciearer or purer. Adult male.—Length (skins), 179.1-235.7 (199.9); wing, 94.7-111 (103.6); tail, 57.9-77.7 (67.8); culmen, from base, 27.4-32.5 (30.2); tarsus, 37.6-44.2 (38.4); middle toe, 27.9-31.2 (27.4).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 170.4-216.7 (197.6); wing, 90.2-98.6 (94.5);. tail, 58.9-67.3 (62); culmen, from base, 26.4-30.2 (28.5); tarsus, 35.6-39.1 (37.8); middle toe, 26.9-29.7 (27.9). Atlantic lowlands of southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Minatitlan) and Chiapas (Palenque), and southward through eastern Guatemala and Honduras (Segovia River) to Costa Rica and Veragua.* Sturnella ludoviciana (not Sturnus ludovicianus Linnzeus) SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 143 (David, Chiriqui).—Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 317 (Honduras ).— Sanyvrn, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 191 (Veragua); 1867, 142 (David, Chiri- qui).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 104 (San José, Costa Rica).— Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 59 (Cartago, ete., Costa Rica). Sturnella hippocrepis (not Sturnus hippocrepis Wagler) Moorr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 58 (near Belize, British Honduras, on pine ridges) . Sturnella mexicana (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vili, 1865, 177 (David, Chiriqui).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 142 (Veragua).— ZELEDON, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10. [Sturnella. magna] var. mexicana Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 11, 1874, 172, part. Sturnella magna mexicana ZeELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 112 (San José, Alajuela, Cartago, and Santa Ana, Costa Rica).—CueErrirz, Auk, vii, 1890, 334 (San José, Costa Rica); ix, 1892, 250 (San José). ' Seventeen specimens. * Ten specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: | | Locality. Wing. | Tail. Caan Tarsus. aiadie base. 7 MALES. | Four adult males from lowlands of Vera Cruz (Minatitlan). 102.6 70. 1 30 40. 4 29. 2 Five adult males from lowlands of Chiapas (Palenque)-... 101.6 | 63.8 | 30.7 41.1 29.2 Two adult males from southern Honduras (Segovia River). 96.5 58.9 |} 28.5 38.6 28.7 Six adult males from Costa Rica ...........20--20-22ee-0e0=- 108.5 | 72.9.) Sk. ol aa 29.7 Qnewmaultimaile from: Verseuas ss. eo) cece ose ccem lye scotia 108-635 vations 81281) s40i 27.7 FEMALES. | | | Three adult females from Vera Cruz (Minatitlan).......-..- OS) oles 27.4 37.1 27.4 Three adult females from Chiapas (Palenque)......--.----- 94 59.7 | 29 38.4 28.5 One adult female from southern Honduras (Segovia River).| 90.2 |...----- | 26.4 37.1 27.4 Three adult females from Costa Rica..........-.---.-.------ 97.8 64.5 29.5 38.9 28.5 °T am doubtful as to the correctness of referring the birds from Costa Rica and Vera- gua to this form. They are considerably larger, and apparently more richly colored, though the series of specimens is not sufficient to show whether the apparent differ- ences are constant. tide tine eee aaa eS pb, © LO pil alt A ITE IES aie ey AG AE Oe pt he 2) ears 5 < PaO, EOD ton iy MA be Sey = 7 Om n tev erst x BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERIOA, 365 [Sturnella magna.] c. Subsp. mexicana ScuateEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 360, in list of specimens, part (localities in Costa Rica, Veragua, and Chiriqui) Sturnella ludoviciana mexicana SciavTErR, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 26, part. Sturn[ella] ? Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. Hi i, 1869, 552, part (hot region, Vera Cruz). Sturnella magna inexspectata Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, sig. 37, Aug. 6, 1888, 587 (Segovia River, Honduras; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.). S[turnella] magna inexpectata Stone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1897, 152. Sturnella magna inexpectata Bancs, Auk., xviii, 1901, 370 (David, Chiriqui). Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linneus) Scirarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358, part.—UnpbErwoop, Ibis, 1896, 437 (Volcan de Mirayalles, Costa Rica). STURNELLA NEGLECTA Audubon. WESTERN MEADOWLARK. Similar to S. magna hoopesi, but different in proportions, the wing averaging longer, the tail, tarsi, and toes shorter; coloration much grayer and more “broken” abov e, the broad lateral crown stripes never uniform black, but always (except in excessively worn plumage) more or less conspicuously streaked with pale grayish brown; malar region always largely yellow, usually including both anterior and extreme posterior portions; blackish streaks on sides and flanks varied with spots of pale grayish brown, the ground color of these parts paler buffy (often white, scarcely if at all tinged with buff); black jugular crescent averaging decidedly narrower. Adult male. ein (skins), 211.1-257.3 (232.7); wing, 118.4129 (125); tail, 68.3-8 6(7 (5.7); culmen, from base, 29. 7-36.6 (33.3); tarsus, 36.6-41.7 (G8. 9): Sade toe, 25.4-28.5 5 (26. ONE Adult female.—Length Gane 196.6-228.6 (211.3); wing, 104.6- 116.6 (110.7); tail, 60.7-72.1 (65.8); culmen, from base, 27. 7-82.5 (30.5); tarsus, 33.5-37.6 6 (36. 3); middle toe, 22.9-26.7 (25.1).? 1Tw aoe econ specimens. * Fourteen specimens. Specimens from east and west of Rocky M ountains average, respectively, as follows: Locality. i Wing. | Tail. OT ed Middle | base. | Oe MALES. ! | Eight adult males from east of Rocky Mountains (Minne- | | SOLaILOMMEXES) Psonic epee nee ee ee 126 77 32.5] 38.6 | 26.9 Seven adult males from Great Basin and Arizona.........-- | 1Q5 5/7 75.9 | 34 38.6 | 26.7 Six adult males from west of Sierra Nevada and Cascades...) 123.2 74.7 32s 39.4 26.9 One adult male from Vancouver Island..................--- | 198 | 7256 34.8 38.6 Dial Oneiadult,malefrom! Cape St. Lucas -....--.:-s--<-<-.: 25... 125.5] 73.9 | 33.8 40.4 27.4 FEMALES. Three adult females from east of Rocky Mountains. ........ 110.2 66.3 2972 36.8 25.9 Six adult females from Great Basin and Arizona...........- | 110.5 64.3 30. 2 36.1 25.1 Hour adultfemales from Califormia\.... 2.2 ...2..2<<2<+-s5--8 | 111.8 67.1 30.5 36.1 24.6 One'adult female from Cape St. Lucas ....:......5:...:....- | 109.5 66.3 30.2 36.6 22.9 I am not able to discern any variation of coloration according to locality, speci- mens from extreme parts of the range of the species being, apparently, quite identical in this respect. 366 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Western United States, southwestern British Provinces, and north- western Mexico; east to prairie districts of Mississippi Valier in Min- nesota, Lowa, Missouri, Indian Territory, and Texas (occasionally to Illinois, Wisconsin, and southern Michigan’); north to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and western Manitoba; south over northern Mexico to States of Tamaulipas (Mata- moras, etc.), Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Durango, Jalisco (Tonila), and Sinaloa (Mazatlan; Altata).” Sturnella ludoviciana (not Sturnus ludovicianus Linnzeus?) AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 148, part.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 128 (e. Kansas), 157 (South Park, Colorado). [Sturnella] ludoviciana ScuaTeR and Satyriy, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38, part. Sturnella neglecta Aupuson, Birds Am., oct. ed., vii, 1848, 339, pl. 489 (upper Missouri R., above Fort Croghan ).—Woopnouss, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 78 (Indian Territory; Texas; New Mexico).—NEWBERRY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 86 (Sacramento Valley, Calitornia).— Bairp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 331; Rep. Pacific R. R Surv., ix, 1858, 537; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 19 (Matamoras, Tamaulipas; Coahuila; Espia, Sonora; San Elizario, Texas; Fort Yuma and San Diego, California); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 407.— KEnNERLY, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. iv, 1859, 31 (Texas, New Mexico, etc. ). —HEERMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., x, pt. vi, 1859, 54 ( California ).— Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 192 (Fort Tejon, California) .— Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coorrr and SuckLety, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 208 (California; Oregon; Washington ).—Sciater, Ibis, 1861, 179.—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 492 (San Antonio, Texas, chiefly in winter). ig AssIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 23 (monogr.).—Coves, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pane 1866, 91 (Fort W fale, Arizona).—ButcHer, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 150 (Laredo, Texas; Oct., Nov. ).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 270.—Tripprr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 239 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, Lowa, breeding; habits; notes; crit.).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 8 (e. Kansas, abundant).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 11, 1874, pl. 34, fig. 1.— Ripaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 506 (S See California; localities in Nevada and Utah; habits, song, etc.); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 264; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 317.—Auten (J. A.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 123 (Ingham oe Mich., Sept. 28 to Oct. 19).—McGerr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 53 (Chivieesy: Floyd, and Mitchell counties, n. e. lowa, and MowerCo., s. e. Minnesota, May; intermediates said to have been observed ).— ALLEN (C. N.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 145 (song).—OcaiLBy, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soe., ii, 1882, (46), (Navarro Co., Texas, resident).—BELDING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 531 (Cerros I., Lower California); vi, 1883, 351 (La Paz, Lower California). [Sturnella] neglecta Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 429. Siturnella | wiegleca) Couns, ey Wo Aun: Birds, od\ede went aga! ' Accidentally to Massachusetts ( Bristol )?. “It is difficult, with the material examined (so many specimens being without dates), to determine how far southward in Mexico this species breeds. It certainly does breed entirely across the continent, from the coast of Texas (Corpus Christi, etc.) to the coast of California, in the same localities with S. magna hoopesi, both forms breeding on both sides of the United States-Mexican boundary line. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 367 Sturnella ludoviciana, var. neglecta ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, July, 1872, 138 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas), 146 (Cheyenne, Wyoming), 150 (e. Colorado), 168 (Ogden, Utah), 178 (summary of localities); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 46, 48, 60 (North Dakota and Montana; descr. eggs). Sturnella ludoviciana neglecta Scuarer, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 25. Sturnella magna, var. neglecta BatrD, Brewer, and Ripewa Ay, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 176.—LawreEncrt, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 281 (Mazatlan, Bo irae a. Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 37 (Nevada); S[turnella] magna var. neglecta Nevson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 111, 152 (n. e. Illinois, summer resid.) . [Sturnella magna.|] Var. oe Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, Oct., 1872, 157.— Snow, Birds Kansas, 3d ed., 1875, 8. Sturnella magna... var. Vegiedla Cougs, Check List, 1873, no. 214a.—Rineway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov. 1873, 183 (Colorado).—HeEnsHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 317 (localities in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Ari- zona; habits). pee magna] var. neglecta Barrp, Brewer, and Rripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, lSii4s 3: rStur ip magna) b. neglecta Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy). Sturnella magna neglecta Ripaway, Bull. Hiesex ieee vil, Jan., 1875, 33 (Wah- satch Mts., Utah).—McCau ey, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iii, 1877, 668 (upper Red R. Valley, n. Texas; New Mexico; habits).—Covss, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., iv, 1878, 603 (Pembina, North Dakota, westward); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 322.—McCuHesney, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 79 (Fort Sisseton, South Daeotl. Apr. to Oct. ).—Gipxs, Bull. U. 8. Loe aad Geog. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, 488 (Michigan, rare).—AmerICAN OrniTHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no 501la.—Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Cal. Ac. Sei., no. 7, 1887, 293 (Guadalupe L, Lower California, 1 spec., Mar. 22.) Hancock, Bull. Ridgw. Orn. Club, no 2, 1887, 18 (Corpus Christi, Texas).—Netson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll., Alaska, 1887, 169 (Sitka, Alaska, fide Lord).—Keryrs and Wiiitams, Proce. Davenp. Ac. Sci., v, 1888, 26 (Floyd Co., Iowa; more numerous than S. magna).— Brcxuam, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 671 (Corpus Christi ?, Beeville ?, and San Antonio, Texas ).—Cookes, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 167 (localities, dates, etc.).—Merarns, Auk, vii, 1890, 257 (Mogollon Mts., Arizona, breed- ing).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 401 (common in w. and mid., rare in e., Kansas ).—Fannin, Check List Birds Brit. Col., 1891, 33 (both sides Cas- cade range; winters on Vancouver I.).—THompson, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 573 (Manitoba localities; habits; song).—ArrwaTErR, Auk, ix 1892, 237 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).—LAwreENcE (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 355 (Grays Harbor, Washington).—Jouy, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1894, 781 (s. Jalisco).—ANntTHony, Auk, xii, 1895, 140 (San Fernando, Lower California, winter).—W aARREN (O. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 192 (Marquette Co., Michigan, lspec., May 10).—Mrap, Auk, xii, 1895, 302 (Racine, Wisconsin ).— Benpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1896, 462, pl. 6, figs. 28, 24 (eggs).— BE.pine, Auk, xiii, 1896, 29 (songs); xv, 1898, 56 (do. ).—GRINNELL, Publ. i, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1897, 6 (Santa Barbara I., California), 16 (San Clemente I.).—(??) Scupper, Auk, xv, 1898, 333 (Bristol Co., Massa- chusetts, 1 spec., Apr. 9, 1898!).—Lanrz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-7 (1899) , 222 (Altata, Sinaloa).—Carro.ti, Auk, xvii, 1900, 345 (Refugio Co., Texas, winter resid. ). [Sturnella magna] var. neglecta ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 52 (east- ward range, ete. ). 1Extremely doubtful. The specimen was not cen 368 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. S[turnella] magna neglecta Hensuaw, Orn. Rep. Wheeler’s Sury., 1879, 302 (e. base Sierra Nevada).—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 372. Sturnella ludoviciana neglecta SCLATER, Ibis, 1884, 25 (monogr.). [Sturnella magna] b. Subsp. neglecta Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 360, in list of specimens ( Vancouver I., San Juan I., etc. ). Sturnella hippocrepus (not Sturnus hippocrepis Wagler) HErERMANN, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., ii, 1852, 269 (Suisun Valley, California). Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linneeus) Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358, part.—Satvin and Gopmay, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 456, part (Coahuila; Espia; Mazatlan; Ciudad, Durango? ). STURNELLA HIPPOCREPIS (Wagler). CUBAN MEADOWLARK, Similar to S. neglecta, but decidedly smaller (except bill and feet) and coloration darker and browner above; malar region less exten- sively yellow; black jugular crescent narrower; flanks and under tail-coverts much more strongly buffy; anal region yellow, like abdo- men, instead of white or very pale buff, like under tail-coverts. Adult male.—Length (skins), 193.8-219.5 (208); wing, 96.5—-LO7.2 (102.1); tail, 61.2-69.9 (65.8); culmen, from base, 31.5-34 (32.3); tarsus, 36.8-40.4 (38.6); middle toe, 26.2-28.7 (27.7).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 186.7-215.1 (198.1); wing, 88.9- 101.1 (93.7); tail, 58.1-67.8 (60.2); culmen, from base, 29.2—32.5 (80.7); tarsus, 35.1-39.4 (386.1); middle toe, 24.9-28.7 (25.9).” Island of Cuba (including Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles. Sturnus hippocrepis WAGuER, Isis, 1832, 281, in text (Cuba). Sturnella hippocrepis Casants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 14 (critical).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860, 266 (crit.).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307.—Scuiater, Ibis, 1861, 179 (Cuba); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 139 (Cuba).—A.tprecuat, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 206.—Gunpuacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 332, 413; 1871, 276; 1874, 133.—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 24 (monogr. ).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 222 (synonymy and descr. ); viii, 1891, 294 (Cuba); Birds W. I., 1889, 109 (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 14, 110, 129 (Cuba; Isle of Pines).—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 304 (Trinidad Valley, Cuba; song, ete.; crit.) . S[turnella] hippocrepis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. S[turnella] hippocrepis BoNAParRTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 429, part (‘‘Antilles’’). [Sturnella] hippocrepis Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. [Sturnella magna] var. hippocrepis Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 172. [Sturnella magna] ec. hippocrepis Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 190 (synonymy). Sturnella ludoviciana hippocrepis Scuater, Ibis, Jan., 1884, 25 (monogr. ). [ Sturnella magna] a. Subsp. hippocrepis ScuatTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 360, in list of specimens (San Cristobal, Cuba). Sturnella ludoviciana (not Sturnus ludovicianus Linnzeus) Vicors, Zool. Journ., ili, no. xi, 1827, 442 (Cuba). [Sturnella] ludoviciana SciaTer and Sarvrx, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 38, part (Cuba). } Nine specimens. 2 Five specimens. I BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 3869 Sturnella magna (not Alauda magna Linneeus) Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 358 (Cuba).—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1887, 456, part (Cuba). Genus DOLICHON YX Swainson. Dolichonyx Swatnson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 351; Philos. Mag., new ser., i, June, 1827, 485. (Type, Fringilla oryzivora Linneeus. ) Small, semiterrestrial Icteridze with short finch-like bill, acuminate rectrices, long tarsi, very long middle toe, and long slender claws; adult male black varied with buff and whitish in spring and summer; adult male in fall and winter, adult female at all seasons, and young brownish yellow, conspicuously streaked above. Bill much shorter than head, conical, compressed, its basal depth greater than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, its basal width nearly the same, or about equal to length of gonys; culmen nearly straight, but slightly convex terminally, the base elevated and more or less arched, the middle portion sometimes slightly depressed; gonys straight or very faintly convex, nearly equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium slightly concave terminally and subbasally, slightly convex in middle, the basal portion decidedly and rather abruptly deflexed from beneath posterior end of nostril to rictus; mandibular tomium straight or nearly so to near base where abruptly deflexed to the rictus. Nostril above lateral median line of the maxilla, rather large, oval, with distinct superior operculum, the feathering of the loral antiz extending beneath to about its middle. Wing long (about six and a half times as long as culmen, more than three and a half times as long as tarsus), with the tip much produced (longest primaries exceeding secondaries by more than length of tarsus), pointed; outermost (ninth) primary nearly or quite equal to eighth, sometimes longer; ninth, ninth and eighth, or eighth primaries longest, the seventh but little shorter; ninth and eighth (sometimes also theseventh) primaries with inner webs very slightly emarginated near tip, the termination of the broader portion forming, in adults, a more or less distinct tooth-like projection or point; longest tertial projecting decidedly beyond secondaries. Tail about two-thirds as long as wing, rounded, the rectrices rigid and with abruptly acuminate tips. Tarsus long (about one and three-fourths times as long as culmen), slender, its anterior scutella distinct; middle toe, with claw, longer than tarsus; claws of lateral toes falling decidedly short of base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lateral toes, stouter, its claw nearly or quite equal in length to the digit; all the claws very slender, acute, not strongly curved. Coloration.—Adult male in spring and early summer black varied by a large buff or buffy whitish nuchal patch, the scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts white tinged with gray; adult male after summer 3654—voL 2—01 24 370 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. molt, adult female at all seasons, and young, brownish above, con- spicuously streaked with black and buffy, brownish buffy or yellowish beneath. Range.—Fastern and central temperate North America; West Indies and South America in winter. (Monotypic.) DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linnzus). BOBOLINK. Adult male in spring.—General color black; hindneck buff; scapu- lars, rump, and upper tail-coverts white, more or less tinged with gray, especially the upper rump, which is sometimes uniform gray; inter- scapulars more or less edged with buff, forming streaks, especially along the median line; tertials and innermost greater wing-coverts margined with pale yellowish passing terminally into grayish brown; longer primaries narrowly edged with pale yellowish; inner webs of rectrices more or less broadly tipped with grayish; feathers of flanks and under tail-coverts more or less distinctly margined with buffy or whitish; thighs with feathers on outer side more broadly margined with buff; bill black; legs and feet dusky brownish; iris brown. Adult male in summer.—Similar to the spring plumage, but nape white, or nearly so, and whitish or buffy margins to flank feathers and under tail-coverts almost’ absent, from abrasion. Adult female in spring.—General color above light buffy olive; pileum with a broad median stripe of pale buffy olive or olive-buff, and two broad lateral stripes of black, the latter streaked with light buffy olive; back broadly streaked with black, the edges of some of the feathers light olive-buff, producing two nearly parallel narrow stripes when the plumage is properly arranged; rump feathers and upper tail- coverts with more or less distinct (usually mostly concealed) central wedge-shaped or sagittate streaks of dusky; wings and tail dusky, with conspicuous edgings of pale yellowish and light grayish olive; sides of head (including a broad superciliary stripe), sides of neck, and under parts light olive-buffy, more decidedly buffy or yellowish across chest and along sides and flanks, paler and straw yellow or yellowish white on throat and abdomen: sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts broadly streaked with dusky; a narrow dusky postocular stripe; bill brown, paler on mandible, darker on terminal portion of maxilla; iris brown; legs and feet light brown (in dried skins). Adult female in summer.—Similar to the spring plumage, but upper parts with the ground-color paler and grayer and the black streaks more sharply defined; under parts rather paler. Adult female in winter.—Similar to the spring plumage, but more richly colored, especially the under parts. Adult male in fall and winter.—Similar in coloration to the adult female, but larger. ee ee ee se ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. otk Young, jirst fall and winter.—Similar to (and not with certainty distinguishable from?) the adult female. Young, first plumage.—Similar to the adult female, but ‘*‘ entire plumage, particularly below, of a more buffy color; there is a necklace of faint dusky spots across the breast, and the flank streaks are almost indistinguishable.” ' Adult male.—Length (skins), 160-188 (169.2); wing, 93.7-101.6 (97.5); tail, 62.7—68.6 (65.3); culmen, from base, 14.7-17.5 (15.5); depth of bill at base, 10.4-11.7 (10.9); tarsus, 26.4-98.5 (27.4); middle toe, 20.38-22.4 (21.3) .” Adult female.—Leneth (skins), 152.4-166.4 (158); wing, 85.1-89.7 (87.4); tail, 58.7-64.5 (61); culmen, from base, 14.5-15.5 (15); depth of bill at base, 9.7-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 24.9-27.2 (25.9); middle toe, 18.5-21.1 (20.1). Eastern and central temperate North America; breeding from Penn- sylvania, northwestern West Virginia (Fairview), central Ohio, central Indiana (south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Marion, Madison, Dela- ware, Wayne, and Union counties), northern Illinois, southern Iowa (Decatur and Mahaska counties), South Dakota, and Utah, northward to provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Assiniboia, and British Columbia (both sides of Cascade range), to about 40° on the Atlantic coast and 52° in the interior; west to Utah (Salt Lake and Utah val- leys), northeastern Nevada (Ruby Valley), Idaho (St. Joseph River), and southeastern British Columbia (Chilliwack); during migration southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Vieque, Sombrero, Barbados, Grenada), and the Atlantic coast of Central America (from Yucatan southward) to South America, as far as Para- guay, southern Brazil, Bolivia, etc.; also to the Galapagos Archipelago (James, Charles, and Chatham islands), and the Bermudas. [ Fringilla] oryzivora Lrxnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 179 (based on Avis arundinacee Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 1758, pl. 291, smaller fig. ). 'Chapman, The Auk, vi, 1890, 121. I have not been able to examine a specimen of the young in first plumage. “Twenty specimens. 3 Hight specimens. Eastern and western specimens compare in average measurements as follows: ——— - | Culmen, Depth of ee - Locality. Wing. | Tail. from bill at | Tarsus. ieale base. base. : ae Zs eh | es MALES. | Ten adult males from Atlantic States............. | 96.5 | 66 15.5 | 10.9 27.4 21.3 Ten adult males from west of Mississippi River..., 98.3 | 65.5 15.5 | 10.9 27.4 2153 FEMALES. | | | Five adult females from Atlantic States .........- leSdbel | 61.5 15 10.2 25.4 | 19.6 Three aduit females from west of Mississippi River.. 87.9) 59.9 15 | 10,4 26.7 20.8 372 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ Emberiza] oryzivora Lixnnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 311.—Gme rin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 880.—LarHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 408. Emberiza oryzivora Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 48, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2. Dolichonyx oryzivorus Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 351; Philos. Mag. n. s., i, 1827, 4385 (tableland of Mexico).—Swarnson and RicHarpson, Fauna Ber.- Am., ii, 1831, 278.—Bonaparts, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 29.—AupuBoN, Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 10, pl. 211.—Gou.p, in Darwin’s Zool. Voy. ‘* Beagle,’’ ili, 1841, 106 (James I., Galapagos).—GossE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 229.—Hurpis, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 8 (Bermudas, autumn).—Woop- HouSsE, in Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuniand Col. R., 1853, 81 (Indian Territory; Texas ).—CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., iv, 1856, 11 (Cuba).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 522, 927 ( Fort Bridger, Wyoming); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 399.—MaxrMiLian, Journ. ftir Orn., 1858, 266 (upper Missouri R. ).— Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 72 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); 1861, 74 (Jamaica); Ibis, 1884, 2 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 331 (Nevis, Lesser Antilles; Cozumel I.; n. Yucatan; British Honduras; Chepo and Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Panama; Santa Marta and Bogota, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela; Camacusa, British Guiana; Cayenne; Rio Javari, upper Amazons, etc.).—BRrEWER, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— ALBRECHT, Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 197 (Jamaica).—Lawrencer, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1864, 99 (Sombrero, W.I.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 616 (Grenada).—Cassrx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 15 (monogr.; Rio Negro; La Plata; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Cuba; Jamaica).—Satvrin, Ibis, 1864, 386 (Lighthouse Reef, etc., British Honduras); 1866, 194 ( Belize, British Honduras); 1885, 191 (Cozumel I.), 218 (British Guiana); Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 491 (James I., Galapagos).—Coorgrr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 78 (Montana); Orn. Cal., 1870, 255 (Ruby Valley, Nevada).—PELzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 199 (Mattogrosso).—SciaTer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 781 (Merida, Venezuela) ; 1876, 16 (Paucartambo, Peru); 1879, 509 (Medellin, Colombia).—Triprr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 238 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, s. Lowa, breeding; habits). —ALuEn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 168, 178 (Ogden, Utah, breeding ?); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 59 (bet. Missouri and Yellowstone rivers, Montana); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889, 84 (Falls of Madeira, Bolivia); iii, 1891, 379 (Corumba, proy. Mattogrosso, s. w. Brazil, Mar. 1); xiii, 1900, 163 (Cienega, etc., proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, Sept., Oct.) ; Auk, xvii, 1900, 365 (Cienega, and Bonda, Colombia).—Covgs, Check List, 18738, no. 210; 2d ed., 1882, no. 312; Birds Northwest, 1874, 178; Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 599 (Pembina, North Dakota, westward; Rocky Mts., lat. 49°; hab- its).—Merriam, An. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872 (1873), 686 (Ogden, Utah, June); Trans. Conn. Acad., iv, 1877, 45 (Connecticut, breeding).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, (breeding); 3d ed., 1875, 7 (do.).—Barrp, BREWER, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 149, pl. 32, figs. 4,5.—GuNnpLAcH, Journ. flr Orn., 1874, 129 (Cuba).—Yarrow and HeEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1871-73 (1874), 19 (Provo, Utah, breeding).—HENsHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 311 (Provo, Utah; Huerfano, Colorado, May ).—Rtipeway, Bull, Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 23 (Ruby Valley, Nevada), 30 (Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Field and Forest, 1877, 208 (Colorado); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 257; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xix, 1897, 567 (James I., Gala- pagos); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 8307.—NeEtson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 346 (Salt Lake City ).—McCnesney, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., v, 1879, 78 (Fort Sisseton, South Dakota, May 19 to July 29).—Brewsrter, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 42 (descr. young).—Roserts and Benner, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 15 (Grant and Traverse counties, Minnesota, breed- ing).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 97; Auk, iii, 1886, 220 (West Indian ref- « 5 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 310 erences); vi, 1889, 31 (LittleCayman) ; viii, 1891, 351,352 (Inagua, Anguilla, and Cay Sal, Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 107; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 110 (New Providence, Watlings, Gt. asc Cay Sal, and Anguilla, PHananis; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, Cayman Brac, Jamaica, and Vieque, Greater Antilles; Grenada and Rarhedoe Lesser Antilles) .— Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 129.—ALLEN and Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 192 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 18-23).—Bicx- NELL, Auk, ii, 1885, 152 (song).—AGrrspore, Auk, 1885, 282 (s. e. South Dakota, bre Sei. OrnITHOLOGISTS’ U SNe Check List, 1886, no. 494.—Taczanowsk1I, Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1885, 421.—Satyvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, i, 1886, 448.—Berruepscn, Journ. ftir. Orn., 1887, 116 (Paraguay); 1889, 3 Gin tio, proy. Solimoes, n.w. Brazil, May 6).— Keyes and Wiuitams, Proc. Dayenp. Ac. Nat. sek V; oe 24 (breeding in centr. and n. lowa).—Cooxer, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 160 (dates, ete. ); Birds Colorado, 1897, 93 (summer resid. e. of mountains); Bull. Col. Agric. Coll., no. 4, 1898, 163 (Denver, June; Colorado Springs, Sept. 5).—CHAPMAN, Auk, vii, 1890, 39 (winter range and migration routes), 120 (changesof plum- age) ; x, 1893, 309, pl. 7 (changes of plumage).—Rtvxs, Cat. Birds Virginias, 1890, 69 (Fairview, West Virginia, breeding).—Smirx (R. W.), Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., 1891, 118 (Greene Co.,s. w. Ohio, breeding. )— Paprerceaena Srouz- MANN, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., fe 378 (Ica, Peru, Noy., Dec. ).—RicuHmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 496 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. to Oct.).— Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 178 (Jamaica, Oct. to Apr. ).—SkiLien, Auk, xi, 1894, 180 (changes of plumage ).—Ricumonp and Know tron, Auk, xi, 1894, 305 (Galla- tin Valley, Montana, Aug., abundant).—U trey and Watuacer, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 153 (velosie, Ea Danes breeding).—Brnpire, Life Hist. N. Am. Birds ii, 1895, 429, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2 (eggs). —Burier, Proc. Ind. Ae. Sci., 1896, 227 (breeding south hs, Vigo, Boone Marion, and Decatur counties, Indiana); Birds Indiana, 1897, 886 (breeding south to Vigo, Tippecanoe, Clinton, Marion, Madison, Delaware, Wayne, and Union counties).—OBEr- HOLSER, Bull. Ohio Agric. Station, tech. ser., i, no. 4, 1896, 301 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, abt. summer resid. ).—Nernriinc, Our Native Birds, etc., ii, 1896, 235, pl. 29, figs. 1, 2.—Hap.ey, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1897, 188 (Richmond, Wayne Co., Indiana, breeding).—Merriiti, Auk, xy, 1898, 14 (St. Joseph R., Idaho, breeding).—Ruoaps, Auk, xvi, 1899, 312 (breeding in s. w. coun- ties of Pennsylvania).—RoruscuiLp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., yi, 1890, 171 (James, Charles, and Chatham islands, Galapagos).—FLemine, Auk, xviii, 1901, 40 (Elmsdale and Beaumaris, n. Ontario, May to Aug. ). [Dolichonyx] oryzivorus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 155.—Scuarer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 37.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 14. D{olichonyx] oryzivorus CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 187.—Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 111, 152 (n. e. Hlinois, breeding).—Newron (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 400.— Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 366. Dolichonyx orizivorus Jarpine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 83 (Bermudas, autumn).— Marcu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 299 (Jamaica). [ Dolichonyx] oryzivora Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 437. Dolichonyx oryzivora AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 138.—Wixuis, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).—Sciater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 134 (Santa Marta, Colombia; Bolivia).—Scrarer and Saryry, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1876, 16 (Paucartambo, high Peru).—ZELEpoN, Cat. Aves de Costa Rica, 1882, 10. Dolichonix oryzivora Lempryr, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 57 Dolichonyx orizyvora Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 119 (New Provi- dence, Bahamas, May). 374 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Icterus agripennis BoNApartTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 48; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1828, 53. sae Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 185.— AUDUBON, ‘ak Biog., i, 1831, 283, pl. 54; v, 1839, 486. Dolichonyx agripennis RicHARDSON, Reo! Brit. Assoc. Ady. Sci., 1837, 176. Ps[arocolius] caudacutus WAGER, Syst. Av., 1827, 32. Dolichonyx oryzivorus, var. albinucha Rrpeway, Bull. Essex Inst., vy, Noy., 1873, 192 (‘‘Missouri plains and Rocky Mountains, west to Ruby Valley, Nevada; Salt Lake Valley’’); v, Dec. 1873, 1981 (Ogden, Utah; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ). [Dolichonyx oryzivorus] var. albinucha Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 517, in text (characters). Dolichonyx oryzivorus . . . 2. albinuchus Ripaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 500 (Ruby Valley, Nevada, Aug.; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, May; ete.). Dolichonyx oryzivorus albinucha AMERICAN OrNirHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 494a.—Seron, Auk, iii, 1886, 321 (w. Manitoba, breeding ).—THomp- son, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1891, 571 (range in Manitoba; ae Diahenone| oryzivorus albania Rew Ay, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 36 Dolichonyx oryzivora albinucha Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 106 (British Cee breeding on both sides of Cascade Rae Family CAQfREBIDZE. THE HONEY CREEPERS. Small slender-, acute-, or hook-billed ‘* nine-primaried” acutiplantar Oscines with the tongue deeply incised (bifid or trifid) and fringed or brushy at tip; transpalatine processes much reduced, forming minute spikes or points; interpalatine spur abortive, or small; palatines pro- duced backward over pterygoids.” Bill very variable in shape and relative length; sometimes rather stout and bent wedge-shaped (i. e., the culmen decidedly convex, but gonys straight); sometimes slender, slightly decurved terminally, and as long as or longer than head (C/lorophanes; Cyanerpes); sometimes very acute at tip and more or less decurved (Careba; Dacnis), or much compressed, with tip conspicuously hooked and angle of gonys pos- terior to nostrils (Diglossa; Diglossopis). Nostril exposed, longitudi- nal (linear or oval) overhung by membrane. Rictal bristles obvious (Chlorophanes, Diglossa, Glossiptila) or obsolete (other genera). Wing moderate, rather pointed (eighth to sixth primaries longest, ninth shorter than seventh but longer than fourth). Tail much shorter than wing (usually shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), even, emarginate, slightly double-rounded, or rounded. Tarsus variable in relative length, distinctly scutellate anteriorly; middle toe with claw about equal in length to tarsus (sometimes a little more or less); basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to lateral toes, especially to the outer; claws of lateral toes reaching about to base of middle claw; hallux about equal in length to lateral toes but much stouter, its claw shorter than the digit. ‘The Coorebides » are all of small size; they have typical Oscinine I Rien vied fron ene srtence. 2See Lucas, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 299-310. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. aD tarsi, with the posterior face smooth, and with indications of several scutes more or less obsolete on the anterior face. The wings are of moderate length, without any indication of the first or external pri- mary, and with the second, third, and fourth primaries usually nearly equal and longest. The bill is small and slender and without any notch at the extremity of the upper mandible, but varies in structure The tongue is penciled at the extremity.” * It is at present not possible to give a satisfactory diagnosis of the Family Coerebide since the internal structure of more than half the genera remains practically unknown. What little is known of the anatomical characters of the group pertains to the genera Cyanerpes, Cereha, and Glossiptila; and since these may be regarded as the cen- tral or most typical forms of the group, any conclusions based on them alone would be more or less open to doubt; at least until the internal structure of such forms as Con/rostrum, Diglossa, Oreomanes, and Xenodacnis is known, the limits of the group can not be fixed with precision, nor its relationships satisfactorily determined. The limits of the family, as defined by Dr. Sclater,’ have already been restricted by the elimination of the genus Certhidea, which Mr. Lucas, by examination of its osteology and anatomy, has found to be certainly not Ceerebine, but probably Mniotiltine;* and it is by no means improbable that further contraction may ultimately be required. So far as the typical genera, Careba, Glossiptila, and Cyanerpes are concerned, Mr. Lucas finds them to represent a well-circumscribed group, of uncertain affinities, though apparently more nearly related to the Australasian family Meliphagide (Honey-eaters) than to the American families Mniotiltide and Tanagridee, usually held to be the nearest relatives of the Cerebide. The gist of Mr. Lucas’s con- clusions * is as follows: (1) ‘* As vroups of birds are constituted the Coerebidee are certainly sufficiently distinct to stand apart, and the gap between them and the Mniotiltids: seems widest,’ although this may be due to a tendency on my part to place considerable weight on the general pattern of the palate.” 1Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 1. 2Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, xi. 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 309, 310. *Notes on the Anatomy and Affinities of the Ccerebidse and other American Birds, by Frederic A. Lucas, Curator of the Department of Comparative Anatomy. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 299-312; illustrated by many figures. °Tt would be interesting to know whether Mr. Lucas’s conclusions on this point would have been modified by examination of Conirostrum and Ateleodacnis, genera which have hitherto been referred to the Coerebidze (the latter forming part of the genus Dacnis) but which I have found it necessary to refer to the Mniotiltidee. Possi- bly, as in the case of another supposedly Coerebine, but in reality Mniotiltine, genus ( Certhidea), the gap between the two groups would have been emphasized. (See Lucas: The Anatomy and Affinities of Certhidea, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 309, 310.) 376 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (2) ** That the members of the Coerebidee do not form a homogeneous group, but contains at least three well-marked types.” Leaving out the genera Diglossa, Diglossopis, Dacnidea, Ateleodac- nis, Oreomanes,' and Conirostrum, whose internal structure has not, to my knowledge, been investigated, it is obvious from Mr. Lucas’s obser- rations that the remaining Coerebide comprise three quite distinct groups, whose distinctive characters are as follows: a. Crop small or absent; tongue bifid; dorsal pteryla broader; feathers shorter, more compact. b. Crop present but small; tongue fringed; intestinal convolutions simple. Chlorophanes, Cyanerpes, Dacnis. bb. Crop absent; tongue brushy; intestinal convolutions extremely complicated. Coereba. aa. Crop well developed; tongue trifid; dorsal pteryla narrower; feathers longer, WOOSER i Js 2c UM es Sees SEU he ERNE ee eee Glossiptila. ‘*In their tongue,” says Mr. Lucas, ‘‘the Coerebidee are markedly different from the Mniotiltide, but it is largely a difference of degree rather than of kind. They differ in toto from the Tanagridee, are quite distinct from the Drepanidee, and find their nearest relatives in Acanthorhynchus.” ‘**The relationship with the tanagers is not very close, although such short-billed forms as Chlorophanes*® and Dacnis, which unfortunately were not available, might bring the two groups a little closer. ‘In size, form, pterylosis, structure of tongue, and pattern of con- volutions of alimentary canal, there is a strong resemblance between Cwreba [i. e., Cyanerpes| and Acanthorhynchus |Meliphagidee], and so far the two forms exhibit a most interesting case of parallelism. The palate, too, on superficial examination looks not unlike that of (7os- siptila. . . ‘*Finally, it must be said that the members of the Coerebidee do not form a homogeneous group, for the family contains at least three well- marked types, Careba | Cyanerpes|, Certhiola | Cereba\, and Glossiptila, and these types differ from one another in a very marked degree. While Dacnis and Chlorophanes have not been examined by me, the figures of skulls and tongues of these genera indicate that they belong near Cwreba | Cyanerpes|. These genera form a well-marked group containing those species nearest to the Mniotiltide and characterized by a long, cleft, feathered, but not suctorial tongue, small crop-like dilatation of the cesophagus, and simply convoluted intestine. ‘* Certhiola| Cwreba|hasa bifid brushy tongue, no crop, extremely com- plicated intestine, and produced angle to the mandible. The tongue resembles that of some Meliphagide; and the other characters are like some found in the Drepanididee. Gloss/ptila, with its loose ptilosis, 1T am inclined to regard Oreomanes as a Mniotiltine type, related to Conirostrum. The bill of this genus is strongly suggestive of that of Helinaia. 7A member of the Meliphagidee. 3 Chlorophanes, however, is not a short-billed form.—R. R. . sho BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Bk decided crop, and unique trifid tongue, is equally well characterized, and certainly should stand apart, seeming to hold with respect to Careba [| Cyanerpes| much the same position that Chama does with the wrens.” ! Even after removing the genera Conirostrum and Ateleodacnis,” Lam very doubtful as to the naturalness of the group known as the Ccere- bide; but until the internal structure of Dzglossa, Diglossopis, Chloro- phanes, Dacnis, Hemidacnis, and Oreomanes shall have been sufiiciently investigated, any further change in the limits of the supposed family would be premature. I have been strongly tempted to separate, as a distinct family, the genera Diglossa and Diglossopis, on account of the peculiar and very remarkable modification of the basal portion of the mandible, these two genera differing from all other Coerebidee in hay- ing the gonydeal angle decidedly posterior to the nostril—a character quite unique, so far as I am at present aware, in the Order Passeri- formes, or at least the Suborder Oscines. The Honey-Creepers, or Guit-Guits, are peculiar to the forest-clad regions of tropical America, the family, like so many other Neotrop- ical groups, being most developed in the basin of the Amazon and adjacent parts of Colombia and Ecuador. One genus ( Cereba) is most numerously represented in the West Indies, where almost every island possesses its peculiar form. One genus (Gloss7pt//a), the representa tive of a distinct subfamily (Glossiptilinse) is peculiar to Jamaica. Altogether about seventy-five species and eleven genera are recognized, of which six genera, but only about twenty-five species, occur within the geographic field of this work. KEY TO THE GENERA OF CCREBIDZ. a. Bill much compressed, with tip of maxilla abruptly hooked or uncinate; mandi- bular rami very short, the gonydeal angle decidedly posterior to the nostril. Diglossa (p. 378) aa. Bill not much compressed; tip of maxilla not abruptly hooked or uncinate; mandibular rami of normal length, the gonydeal angle anterior to the nostril. b. Exposed culmen equal to or longer than tarsus; bill more subulate, the tip obtuse; maxillary tomium more or less obviously notched subterminally. ec. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than sixth; wing-tip not longer than tarsus, the latter longer than middle toe with claw; adult males glossy green with pileum and sides of head black;* adult females duller in color, without lackaompeaCa aero teeter et ye apa cterd es epee Chlorophanes (p. 382) BEroc- Weiss Nate Mus; xvil, 309: * These two genera, both of which are peculiarly South American, and therefore extra-limital to the present work, I have been obliged to remove from the Ceerebide and transfer to the Mniotiltidee, or else, as the only alternative, combine the two families into one, the birds of these two genera being, so far as external characters are concerned, quite inseparable from the last-named group. Unfortunately, their ana- tomical structure has not been investigated; but I believe that when this has been done it will be found that they too, like another supposedly Ccerebine genus (Certhidea) possess the Mniotiltine type of tongue and palate. (See Lucas: ‘‘The Anatomy and Affinities of Certhidea,’’ in Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 309, 310. ) 3A South American species (C. purpurascens) is violet-blue with blackish wings and tail but without black pileum; the adult female unknown. 378 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ce. Outermost primary longer than sixth; wing-tip nearly twice as long as tarsus, the latter shorter than middle toe with claw; bill more slender; adult males rich blue with wings and tail, together with throat or back, black; adult females plain greenish above, beneath paler and more yellowish, more: or less streaked with darker 29-55.) ces seen Cyanerpes (p. 384) bb. Exposed culmen shorter than tarsus; bill more conical (or bent wedge-shaped ) with tip acute. e. Outermost primary equal to or longer than sixth; tarsus slightly longer than middle toe with claw; adult males blue and black or yellow and black; females much duller in color, without black areas. _....-.--- Dacnis (}). 390) ec. Outermost primary shorter than sixth; tarsus much longer than middle toe with claw; adult males neither blue and black nor yellow and black. d. Bill more slender, strongly decurved terminally (the gonys more or less concave); commissure as long as middle toe with claw; tail rounded; under parts white and yellow or gray and yellow, or else whole plumage black (sexes alike incolor) S22 en So es eee Cereba (p. 397) dd. Bill stouter, not decurved terminally (the gonys straight); commissure shorter than middle toe with claw; tail even or slightly emarginate; adult male dull grayish blue with rufous throat-patch; female brownish above; ypaler (ben eat incest eee Glossiptila (p. 423) Genus DIGLOSSA Wagler. Diglossa W AGurr, Isis, 1832, 280. (Type, D. baritula Wagler. ) Agrilorhinus Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, i, 1838, 408. (Type, A, sittaceus Bonaparte, = Diglossa baritula Wagler. ) Ancylorhinus (emendation) ScLarer, Ibis, 1875 204 (ex Agrilorhinus Bonaparte ). Serrirostrum LAFRESNAYE and D’Orpicny, Mag. de Zool., 1838 (Synopsis Avium, li, p. 24). (Type, S. carbonarium Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny. ) Uncirostrum LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., 1839, 100. (Type, Serrirostrum carbonarium Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny. ) Campylops LicutEensteIn, Nomencl. Ay. Mus. Berol., 1854, 56. (Type, C. hamulus Lichtenstein, = Diglossa baritula Wagler. ) Tephrodiglossa Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 273. (Type, Serrirostrum carbonarium Latresnaye and D’ Orbigny. ) Pyrrhodiglossa Casstnx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Noy., 1864, 274. (Type, Diglossa mystacalis Latresnaye. ) Cyanodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Noy., 1864, 274. (Type, Agrilorhinus personatus Fraser. ) Melanodiglossa Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Noy., 1864, 274. (Type, Uncirostrum lafresnayei Boissoneau. ) Ceerebidee with the bill much compressed and inclined upward ter- minally,’ the tip of the maxillaabruptly hooked or uncinate; mandible, recurved, faleate, very acute at tip, with base of gonys decidedly pos- terior to nostrils. Bill shorter than head, its lower outline conspicuously longer than the upper; culmen more or less elevated basally, then straight or more or less concave, the terminal portion abruptly decurved, the tip of the maxilla forming a distinct hook or unguis, preceded by a more 'The upward inclination of the bill in this genus is a very striking feature. In most birds the bill projects on a line with the longitudinal axis of the head, but in Diglossa it inclines upward ata very decided angle with this axis. Pe ATO ER ek oh OEY & nr heatp Pebeenr sents ~~ BIRDS. OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 379 or less distinct subterminal tomial notch; maxillary tomium, posterior to the subterminal notch, nearly or quite straight to near the base, where more or less convex; mandible recurved, faleate, with very acute tip and very short rami, the gonys strongly convex, its base very broad and much posterior to the nostrils. Nostrils exposed, narrow, longitudinal, overhung by broad membrane. Rictal bristles rather long but weak. Wing moderate, rather rounded (seventh and sixth, or seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, the ninth shorter than fourth, sometimes shorter than first). Tail decidedly shorter than wing (sometimes shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), more or less rounded or slightly double-rounded. Tarsus rather long (nearly one-third to more than one-third as long as wing); middle toe with claw decidedly shorter than tarsus. Coloration.— Adult males (also adult females of some species) usually plain bluish or blackish, the under parts sometimes partly rufous or chestnut; if the general color bluish, the forehead and lores (some- times auriculars also) black; if the general color black, the lesser wing- coverts usually bluish gray or white. Fange.—Southern Mexico to Colombia and thence through moun- tains of western South America to Peru and Bolivia. (Only two species north of Panama. ) Not having seen all the species of this genus, Iam not able to form an opinion respecting its proper limits.’ Judging from the species that have been examined, however, I am inclined to believe that it will be necessary either to merge the generally accepted genus Diglossopis® into Diglossa, or else to recognize one or more addi- tional genera, to include species which are intermediate in structural characters or differ in certain respects from both types. In D7g/osso- pis the modifications of the bill which are so remarkable in typical Diglossa ave not carried nearly so far; the tip of the maxilla is but faintly hooked; the general trend of the bill is more nearly on a line with the longitudinal axis of the head; the exposed culmen is nearly as long as the lateral length of the mandible (instead of being much shorter—sometimes less than two-thirds as long), and the inferior out- line of the mandible is but slightly convex. The nasal foss are also much more exposed, the latero-frontal feathering encroaching much more upon the nostrils in D7g/ossa. Some of the species referred to Diglossa, as, for example, ). personata, are in the particulars men- tioned almost exactly intermediate between typical Diglossa and Diglossopis, though there seems to be rather more of a gap between these intermediate forms and D/glossop/s than between the former and true Diglossa. 'The species which I have not seenare D. gloriosa, D. pectoralis, D. mystacalis, D. carbonaria, and D. glauca. 2 Diglossopis Sclater, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, xvii, 1856, 467. (Type, D. cerulescens Sclater. ) 380 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DIGLOSSA. a. Bluish gray above (darker on pileum). (Adult males. ) b. Under parts of body cinnamon or cinnamon-rufous. (Southern Mexico; Guate- mala: 222. ease eee eee Diglossa baritula, adult male (p. 380) bb. Under parts of body slate-gray. (Costa Rica; Veragua. ) Diglossa plumbea, adult male (p. 381) aa. Olive or olive-grayish above. (Adult females and young. ) b. Under parts buffy or cinnamon-buffy (tinged with olive laterally). Diglossa baritula, adult female and young male (p. 380) bb. Under parts pale olive, light grayish olive, or olive-grayish. Diglossa plumbea, adult female and young male (p. 381) DIGLOSSA BARITULA Wagler. MEXICAN DIGLOSSA, Adult male.—Head and neck, except throat, blackish slate or slate- blackish, darker (nearly black) on forehead and lores, more grayish on sides of neck; back, scapulars, rump, upper tail-coverts, and lesser wing-coverts plain slate color anteriorly, passing into slate-gray pos- teriorly; wings and tail dusky with slate-gray edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly margined with slate-gray; lower throat, under parts of body, under tail-coverts, axillars, and under wing-coverts plain rufous-cinnamon or russet; maxilla brownish black, mandible blackish terminally and on terminal half of gonys, otherwise pale brownish or brownish white (in dried skins); legs and feet horn brown- ish (in dried skins); length (skins), 100.1-109 (105.2); wing, 55.1-58.7 (57.2); tail, 42.2-46.7 (45); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 (9.9); tarsus, 16-18 (17.3); middle toe, 9.9-11.4 (10.9).* Adult female.—Above, including sides of head and neck, plain olive, lighter and rather brighter on lower rump and upper tail-coverts; under parts brownish buffy, strongly tinged on chest, sides, and flanks with pale olive; remiges and rectrices dusky with light olive edgings, these broader and approaching dull white on tertials; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 102.1-112.3 (108.2); wing, 54.9-55.1 (55.1); tail, 48.2-47.5 (45); exposed culmen, 9.7-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 16.5-17.8 (16.8); middle toe, 10.4-11.4 (10.7).” Young male.—Similar to the adult female, but duller olive above; greater wing-covyerts indistinctly tipped with pale brownish and tertials broadly edged with the same; under parts (sometimes, at least) slightly tinged with cinnamon. Immature male.—Variously intermediate in coloration between the adult male and adult female, according to age. Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Mirador; Jico), Mexico (Valley of Mexico), Morelos (Tetela del Volean; Huitzilac), Michoacan ' Kight specimens, from Mexico. * Four specimens, from Mexico. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 381 (Patzeuaro), Guerrero (Chilpancingo), and Oaxaca (Mount Zampoal- tepec); Guatemala.’ Diglossa baritula Waaurr, Isis, 1832, 281 (Mexico; coll. Witirzburg Mus. ).— Haun, Orn. Atlas, xii, 1834-36, pls. 1, 2,—Hartiaus, Rev. Zool., 1842, 56.—BonaParteE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 401.—RericHenBacn, Handb., ii, 1853, 233, pl. 554, figs. 3762-3763.—SciatTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 286 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 376 (Juquila and Totontepec, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 48 (Jalapa; Guatemala); Ibis, 1875, 207 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 3 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa; Quesaltenango, Calderas, Coban, and Santa Cruz Mts., Guatemala).—ScLaTer and Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 14 (Guatemala).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 273 (monogr. )— SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 548 (alpine region, Vera Cruz).— Ducks, La Naturaleza, i, 1869, 140 (Guanajuato, Mexico).—Satvin, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 174 (Guatemala).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1883, 242.—FErRARI-PEREz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 140 (San Salvador el Verde and Huejotringo Puebla). D{iglossa] baritula Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 157, pl. 42.—Carnanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 97 (Mexico). [Diglossa] baritula Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 118, no. 1474.—Sciarrr and Satyin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 15. Agrilorhinus sittaceus BoNAPARTE, Nuoy. Ann. Scienz. Nat. Bologna, i, 1838, 408 (Mexico; coll. Florence Mus.).—LArreEsnayr, Rey. Zool., Oct., 1839, 292, in text. Uncir[estrum] sittaceum LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., Oct., 1839, 292, in text. Uncirostrum brelayi LAPRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., 1839, 100 (Mexico; coll. Charles Brelay ). Agrilorhinus olivaceus Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840, 22 (Mexico? ; type in Brit. Mus.). DIGLOSSA PLUMBEA Cabanis. COSTA RICAN DIGLOSSA. Adult male.—Ahove plain deep bluish slate color, darker (bluish slate-black) on pileum, paler (bluish slate-gray or deep plumbeous) on rump; remiges and rectrices black with bluish slate-gray edgings; lores black; sides of head otherwise like pileum, but rather darker; under parts plain slate-gray, paler on abdomen; maxilla brownish black; mandible light brownish basally, dusky terminally; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); iris brown; length (skins), 105.4—-110.2 (107.7); wing, 53.8-55.4 (54.9); tail, 39.6-44.5 (42.7); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 17.5-18.8 (18); middle toe, 11.2-12.2 (11.4).” Adult female.—Above deep olive-gray or grayish olive, the rump more grayish; under parts deep olive-grayish, paler and tinged with ' The single Guatemalan specimen, an adult male, differs decidedly from all the adult males from Mexico (eleven in number) in having the entire throat siate-gray and the axillars and under wing-coverts pale buffy or rusty whitish instead of being of the same deep rufous-cinnamon color or russet as the under parts. According to Dr. Sclater, however, ‘‘Guatemalan specimens have less plumbeous on the throat, thereby approaching D. sittoides.’”’ Evidently, therefore, Guatemalan specimens require careful comparison with Mexican examples. * Four specimens. 382 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. buffy on chin, the abdomen dull buffy whitish; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skin), 100.6; wing, 52.8; tail, 39.1; exposed culmen, 10.4; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 11:4.? Young (both sexes).—Above plain olive; beneath paler olive. Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui. Diglossa plumbea CaBantis, Journ. fiir Orn., viii, Nov., 1860, 411 (Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Mus. ).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 275 (monogr. ).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 97 (San Juan and Quebrada Honda, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Irazi, San Juan, and Candelaria, Costa Rica).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 185 ( Volean de Chiriqui, Chiriqui).—Sciarer, Ibis, 1875, 217 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 9.—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 54 (Cartago, Navarro, Naranjo, Volcan de Irazti, and La Laguna, Costa Rica, 4,000-8,000 ft.).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 243, pl. 15a, figs. 1, 2.—ZELEpon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Volcan de Trazti).—CueErrig, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 529 (descr. young). [ Diglossa] plumbea ScuaTerR and Sauvrin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 15. Genus CHLOROPHANES Reichenbaeh. Chlorophanes® RrtcHENBACH, Handb. d. sp. Orn., i, 1853, 233. (Type, Cereba atricapilla Vieillot, = Certhia spiza Linneeus. ) Rather large Coerebide with the bill as long as or longer than head, slightly decurved terminally, the maxillary tomium more or less dis- tinctly notched subterminally; adult males glossy green, with pileum and sides of head black; or if violet-blue, the pileum also blue. Bill about as long as head, or a little longer, narrow, gradually taper- ing and slightly decurved terminally; culmen straight or nearly so for about basal half, then gently decurved to the tip; gonys straight or very slightly concave toward tip; maxillary tomium with a slight sub- terminal notch. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, narrow, overhung by broad membrane. Rictal bristles minute, very weak. Wing moder- ate, rather pointed (eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth much longer than fifth), the tip about equal to length of tarsus. Tail much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), emarginated. Tarsus rather short (about one-fourth as long as wing or a little less, less than length of commis- sure), its scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw shorter than tarsus. Coloration.—Plumage very glossy; adult males bright green or bluish green, with pileum and sides of head black, or else violet-blue with lores, wings, and tail black; adult females* similar but duller in color, without black on head. 1One specimen. 2yAwpos viridis, pavds lucidus. >The female of the blue species, C. purpurascens, is unknown. i et ee Te le Rea i i i i Birt i hie hi ta a ek es BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 383 Fange.—Guatemala to southern Brazil and Bolivia. (Two species.) This genus contains, so far as known, only two species. One of these, C. purpurascens Sclater and Salvin, is of very restricted range, being confined to Venezuela; the other occupies almost the entire ares of continental tropical America, or from Guatemala to southern Brazil and Bolivia. In various parts of this extensive range it has become differentiated into an undetermined number of geographic forms or sub- species, only one of which, however, occurs within the limits of the present work. The adult male of C. purpurascens differs from that of C. spiza (in all its forms) in having the pileum mainly blue instead of uniform black, and in having the general color purplish blue instead of green. The female and young are unknown. The Central Ameri- can form of C. spiza is larger and of a less bluish green color than its South American representatives. CHLOROPHANES SPIZA GUATEMALENSIS (Sclater). NORTHERN GREEN HONEY CREEPER, Similar to C. s. sprza, but larger (especially the bill), and adult male with green of under parts less bluish. Adult male.—Pileum, sides of head (down to and including malar region), and chin, deep black; rest of plumage very glossy viridian green, more bluish in some lights; alula, primary-coverts, primaries, and rectrices dusky, edged with viridian green, the middle rectrices green with a median streak of black; maxilla black, edged (except toward tip) with yellowish; mandible yellowish (in dried skins’); legsand feet horn brown or dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 122.9-143.8 (150.6); wing, 68.6—76.2 (69.9); tail, 44.2-53.3 (48.5); exposed culmen, 15.5-17.5 (16.5); tarsus, 17-19. 1 (18); middle toe, 10.9-13.7 (12.2). Adult female.—Ahove plain glossy yellowish grass green, beneath lighter, more apple green; bill and feet as in adult male, but mandible usually more or less tinged with ee length (skins), 117.6-141.7 (129.5); wing, 65.3-71.1 (69.6); tail, 42.7-52.6 (47.2); exposed culmen, 15.5-17.8 (16.5); tarsus, 17 tie 3); middle toe, 11.9-12.7 (19.4).8 Young male.-—Similar to the adult female, but duller in color. Immature male.—Variously intermediate in coloration between the adult male and female, according to age. Eastern Guatemala (Choctum, Kampamak, Yaxcamnal, ete., 2,000 to 38,000 feet), to Isthmus of Fenama {to western Ecuador?); Cuba??? z Benine to icinnond (Broc] U.S: Nat. Mus. , Xvi, 1893, 487) the mandible in life is naples yellow, the iris burnt sienna. * Twelve specimens. * Hight specimens, 384 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chlorophanes guatemalensis ScuatER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 129 (Guate- mala; coll. P. L. Seclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 52 (Choctum, Guatemaia).— ScutaTerR and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R.); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Satyin, Ibis, 1866, 203 (Guatemala); 1872, 315 (Chontales, Nicaragua); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 (Boquete de Chitra and Cordillera del Tole, Veragua); 1870, 185 (Calovevora, Veragua). Chlorophanes guatemalensis SALvaport, Atti. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 172 (Costa Rica). Chlorophanes spiza var. guatemalensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, 1868, 97 (Juiz and Turrialba, Costa Rica).—FRranrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 54 (Naranjo, Costa Rica). Chlorophanes spiza guatemalensis Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, Aug. 6, 1888. 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).—(?) AtLen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889, 69 (Ecuador).—Cuerriz, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Boruca, s. w. Costa Rica).—Banes, Auk, xviii, 1901, 369 (Divala, Chiriqui). [ Dacnis] guatemalensis Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 118, no. 1471. Chlorophanes spiza (not Certhia spiza Linnzeus) LAwRENcE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viil, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui).—Cory, Birds West Indies, 1889, 69 (Cuba? ); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 123 (do.)—Rricumonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 487 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits).—UNpERwoop, Ibis, 1896, 4385 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). Chlorophanes atricapilla (not Cereba atricapilla Vieillot) ScuaTER and Satyr, Ibis, 1859, 14 (Guatemala).—Satvin and Scuiater, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Guate- mala; crit.).—SALvIN, Ibis, 1866, 203 (Guatemala).—LAwreEncg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 319 (Panama R. R.).—Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 31.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 55 (Cuba ?). [ Chlorophanes] atricapilla ScLaTER and Satvrx, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1878, 16, part. [Dacnis] ceerulescens (not Chlorophanes ceerulescens Cassin) Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 118, no. 1472 (Guatemala; Nicaragua). (2?) Chlorophanes spiza exsul Beruepscnu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 543 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador;! coll. Count von Berlepsch). Genus CYANERPES Oberholser. Cereba (not of Vieillot, 1807, nor Vigors, 1825) AuTHors. Arbelorhina (not of Cabanis, 1847) AurHors. Cyanerpes? OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, no. 1, Jan., 1899, 32. (Type, Certhia cyanea Linnzeus. ) Small, long-billed, brightly colored Caerebide, with the outermost (ninth) primary equal to or longer than seventh, and with the tarsus much shorter than exposed culmen. Bill longer than head, subulate, slightly decurved terminally, rather broad and depressed basally, the basal width decidedly greater than basal depth. Nostril wholly exposed, longitudinally oval, with very ' According to Dr. Sclater (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 29) birds of this species from western Ecuador are referable to this form, an opinion in which Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 247) concur. I have not seen a specimen cer- tainly from that district, but the only Ecuadorean example (without definite locality) examined by me is an extreme example of the Colombian form (Chlorophanes spiza cerulescens Selater). *“ Kvavos = cyaneus, + Epmys.”’ ———— BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 3885 broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obsolete or very minute. Wing long (more than four times as long as tarsus), the tip well produced (longer than tarsus); ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries longest, the ninth equal to or longer than seventh. Tail less than two- thirds as long as wing (decidedly less than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus rather short (much shorter than exposed culmen, much less than one- fourth as long as wing), the acrotarsial scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw longer than tarsus; claws of lateral toes reach- ing about to base of middle claw, the outer slightly longer than the inner; basal phalanx of middle toe united for its entire length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe; hallux about as long as lateral toes, but much stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit, very strongly curved. Coloration.— Adult males rich blue or violet-blue, with lores, wines, and tail (also throat or else back) black; females green above, beneath paler (sometimes yellowish or buffy), more or less streaked. Range.—Southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil; Cuba. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYANERPES. a. General color blue and black. (Adult males. ) 6. Chin and throat purplish blue, like rest of under parts; back black; inner webs of remiges partly yellow. (Southern Mexico to southern Brazil; Cuba.) Cyanerpes cyaneus, adult male (p. 386) 6b. Chin and throat black; back purplish blue; inner webs of remiges without yellow. c. Black of throat not extending beyond, truncated posteriorly; general color violet-blue (smalt or hyacinth). (Colombia to Bolivia and eastern Peru.) Cyanerpes ceruleus, adult male (extralimital‘) cc. Black of throat extending over chest, rounded or convex posteriorly; general color ultramarine or french blue. d. Larger (wing 52.1-60.4, exposed culmen 15.5-19.6); blue color duller. (Isthmus of Panama to Guatemala. ) Cyanerpes lucidus, adult male (p. 389) 1 CYANERPES C#RULEUS (Linnzeus). [Certhia] czrulea Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 118; ed. 12, i, 1766, 185. CLzreba] cxrulea VretLtuot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 610. Cereba cxrulea SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 33. A[rbelorhina] coerulea CABANIS, in Schomburgk’s Reise Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. Cyanerpes czeruleus OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; geog. range). [Certhia] ochrochlora GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 472 (based on Yellow- cheeked Creeper Latham, Gen. Synopsis, i, pt. 2, p. 734; Surinam). [Certhia] surinamensis LarHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Certhia ochrochlora GMELIN, Yellow-cheeked Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, p. 734). A[rbelorhina] brevirostris CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- zuela; coll. Heine Mus.). Cereba brevirostris ScLatER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia). Coereba coerulea microrhyncha Brrterscu, Journ. fiir Orn., xxxii, Oct., 1884, 287 ( Bucaramanga and Bogota, Colombia; coll. Count yon Berlepsch). 3654—voL 2—0O1 Diy 386 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dd. Smaller (wing 48.3; exposed culmen 12.7); blue color brighter. (Colom- bia to upper Amazon Valley.) Cyanerpes nitidus, adult male (extralimital ') aa. General color dull green above, paler beneath, the chest sometimes streaked. (Adult females and young. ) b. Under wing-coverts and part of inner webs of secondaries yellow; chest without distinct streaks; throat not buffy. Cyanerpes cyaneus, adult female and young (p. 386) bb. Under wing-coverts white, or yellowish white; inner webs of secondaries without any yellow; chest distinctly streaked; throat buffy. c. Lores buffy, like throat; chest streaked with dark green; sides and flanks green streaked with white. Cyanerpes ceruleus, adult female and young (extralimital) cc. Lores dusky; chest streaked with blue; sides and flanks plain green. Cyanerpes lucidus, adult female and young (p. 390) CYANERPES CYANEUS (Linnzus). BLUE HONEY CREEPER, Adult male.—Lores, orbits (terminating in an obtuse angle behind eye), hindneck, back, wings, and tail deep black; crown light turquoise or nile blue; inner webs of secondaries, except terminal portion, part of inner webs of primaries, and part of under wing-coverts canary yellow; rest of plumage uniform smalt blue; bill black; legs and feet vermilion red in life, fading to pale brownish or yellowish in dried skins; length (skins), 105.4-120.9 (116.8); wing, 58.2-68.6 (63.2); tail, 34.3-39.1 (36.6): exposed culmen, 15-18.5 (16.5); tarsus, 13-15.2 (14.2); middle toe, 9.7-11.9 (10.7). Adult female.—Above plain dull green or olive-green, the wings and tail dusky with green or olive-green edgings; greater portion of inner webs of secondaries, part of inner webs of primaries, axillars, and under wing-coverts canary yellow; under parts pale olive-greenish, the throat, median portion of abdomen, and tips of under tail-coverts Arbelorhina cxrulea microrhyncha Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Marta, Colombia). A[rbelorhina] longirostristris (err. typ.) CABANtIs, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Caracas, Venezuela; coll. Heine Mus. ). Cereba longirostris ScLaTER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (upper Amazon).—Fryscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 561 (Trinidad). Cyanerpes ceruleus longirostris OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy, crit., etc. ). This species doubtless divisible into two or more geographic forms or subspecies. 'CyYANERPES NitTIDUs (Hartlaub). Cereba nitida Harriaus, Rey. Zool., 1847, 84 (n. Peru; coll. Bremen Mus. ).— Scuater Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Bogota, Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 35. A[rbelorhina] nitida CaBantis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96, footnote. Cyanerpes nitidus OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 35 (synonymy; range). * Twenty-two specimens, from Middle America. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 387 pale olive-yellowish or whitish; chest indistinctly streaked with pale olive-greenish and pale olive-yellowish or whitish; bill blackish; legs and feet dull red in life, brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 99.8— 119.4 (113); wing, 59.4-64.5 (61.7); tail, 32.5-37.8 (35.1); exposed culmen, 15-18.5 (17); tarsus, 13-15.5 (14.7); middle toe, 9.7-11.7 GhO./F).+ 1 Nineteen specimens, from Middle America. After careful comparison of all the material available I am unable to discover any appreciable or constant difference between South American and Middle American examples of this species, except that specimens from the coast of northern South America (Venezuela to Santa Marta, Colombia) have very long bills, and may consti- tute a fairly well-marked subspecies C. c. brevipes (Cabanis). It is possible that a satisfactory division may be made based upon females, as claimed by Mr. Oberholser ( Auk, xvi, 1899, 33), but after careful examination of specimens which, however, are very inadequate, I am compelled for the present to forego any attempt at such division. If any form is to be separated it seems to me that the Cuban birds should be thus distinguished, for the few females from that island which I have seen appear to be considerably paler and more uniform in color beneath than any others. Average measurements according to locality are as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. aoe Tarsus. Middle culmen. of ese alata anne ee ES et a MALES. | Twomoultimales trom) Cubaa.c---- sas asccece ss saicc csc Jas 64.5} 38.1 17.8 15. 2 | 10.9 Six adult males from southern Mexico ................-..--- 6453 ested 1537 14.5 | 10.7 Cworadultimales trom! Guatemal ay 9 o520 22s... 2. ete ce [Pe Gleg ia ao sel: 16.3 14 10.9 Four adult males from Honduras (Truxillo)...-......-..--- 62.5 35.6 iia Fle rty ls: 10.2 Dwoadulbmalestrom Nicaragua 7.55.5. 0.5- 2s cmesee- sce. | 61.5] 35.3 17.8 14.7 10.7 Six adult males from Isthmus of Panama........-..-.--..-- 63.2 | 37.6 16.5 14.5 10.9 Four adult males trom Santa Marta, Colombia.............. imeGOaS 39.9 18.5 14.5 | 10.4 One adult male from Caracas, Venezuela .....---..-----.--- | 65.8 38.9 Doral 14.7 10.2 Four adult males from Margarita Island, Venezuela........ | 65.8 38.9 21.1 14.7 | 10.4 Houradultimales trom Drini dads 3.3.5 Sselecss seties sos asi | 65.3 38.1 16.8 14.5 10.2 mhreeadultjmatles trom) Tobago: o25-..5-=2- ee <2 oe 2 cis cee 69.1 41.7 18.3 15 10.7 Two adult males from British Guiana..........--...----..-- 64 37.3 TUNE) Ecce aaa Pe ce ease Two adult males from lower Amazon (Pard)........-..----- 61.2 38.1 152 14,2 9.4 Three adult males from eastern Brazil (Bahia).-.....--..-- 63.8 BY fall 15.7 14,2 10.2 Three adult males from southwestern Brazil (Chapada).... 66.3 39.6 14.5 15.5 10.4 FEMALES. Oneadult-temaletrom' Cubase. s225.2--2225--==-5- 2 eens 59.9 | 32.5 lige e788 15.2 11.4 Five adult females from southern Mexico .........---..---- 62.5 | 39.1 | 16.5 14.5 10.9 Five adult females from Guatemala-.............-.--------- RY eas 17 14.7 10.9 Three adult females from Honduras ................-------- 617) 38.8 16.83/15 9.9 Two adult females from Nicaragua:.....-.......-:-.---+----- 60.5 | 35.1 | 18 14 10.7 Three adult females from Isthmus of Panama ............-- 60.5] 35.6 | 17.8 14.7 IED Oneladult female fromVienezuelasacmceeses see es = se 2's 66.5 39.6|° 18.3 15.2 11.4 Two adult females from Margarita Island............-...... 63.5 36.8 | 19.3 14.7 10.2 Three adult females from Trinidad ..............--.-.-----. 63 37.6 | 18.8 14.5 10.2 Dwoadultfemales from Tobago..-2-2.-2-4-2<0 - Moses ec- se ae. 6 | 39.1 | 19.8 15.2 10.9 ahreeadult females from) Bahia. s22s2---<-.2-ss2-s see seca - 62 | 36.8 | 18.5 14.2 10.2 Oneadult female trom Chapada .--./5--25---- 2-22 -22--22 2 66.5 | 40.6 | 15.5 14.7 9.9 388 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young male.—Similar to the adult female. . Immature male.—Variously intermediate in coloration between the adult male and female, according to age. (The black wings and tail are assumed before the blue appears.) Continental tropical America in general, from southern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, etc.') to southeastern Brazil and Bolivia; but in South America only east of the Andes; Cuba; Jamaica (accidental). (2) [Certhia] cayana Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 186 (based on Brisson, Orn., iii, p. 636, pl. 23. fig. 2).—GmeELin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 475.— LatHamM, Index Orn., i, 1790, 293. [Certhia] cyanea Linn xvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 188 (based on Certhia nigro ceruleoque varia Edwards, Nat. Hist., ii, p. 114, pl. 264, fig. 1; Certhia bra- siliensis cerulea Brisson, Orn., iii, 628, pl. 31, fig. 5, ete.).—Gme.in, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 1788, 483.—LarHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 291. Cereba cyanea Vietior, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xiv, 1817, 44; Ene. Méth., 1823, 610; Gal. Ois., i, 1834, 288, pl. 176.—Maximruian, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1831, 761.—D’OrsieNy and Larresnayk, Mag. de Zool. 1839 (Synop. Ay, p. 24).—Burmetster, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., 1ij, 1856, 150.—ScuiarEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 140, 286 (David, Chiriqui); 1857, 263 (Ega, upper Ama- zons); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 52 (Cayenne; Brazil; Amazons); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 32 (s. Mexico to s. e. Brazil and Bolivia; Cuba).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 266 (monogr.).—Tayuor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad); 1870, 886 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1873, 260 (Sarayacu, etc., e. Peru); 1879, 597.—Sciater and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 179 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); 1867, 570 (Para, lower Amazons), 749 (Rio Huallaga, e. Peru); 1868, 166, 627 (Venezuela).—LawreEnce, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 97 (Costa Rica).—Finscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 561 (Trinidad ).—Pr.LzELn, Orn. Bras., 1871, 25.—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 315 (Chon- tales, Nicaragua); 1885, 207 (British Guiana); Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 177 (Brazil; Trinidad; Guatemala).—-Layarp, Ibis, 1873, 378.—Bovucarp, Liste Ois-Guat., 1878, 31.—Satyvrn and Gopman, Ibis, 1879, 199 (Manaure, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, 2,700 ft.) ; 1880, 119 (Santa Marta); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1886, 248.—ForBks, Ibis, 1881, 330 (Estancia, n. e. Brazil).—Tacza- Nowskl, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 9 (Huambo, n. e. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 4386.—Nutrtina, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 382 (Sucuy4, Nicaragua).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 53 (Cuba); Birds West Indies, 1889, 67 (do.).—Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 339 (near Kingston, Jamaica, 1 spec., May 17, 1890).—Unprrwoop, Ibis, 1896, 435 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). [ Cereba] cyanea SciatTeR and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 16. N[ectarinia] cyanea Swarnson, Birds Western Africa, ii, 1838, 141. A[rbelorhina] cyanea Capants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Brazil). Arbelorhina cyanea CABANIs, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, ili, 1848, 675.— GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1866, 290; Orn. Cuba, 1893, 105.— Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 579 (Truxillo, Honduras ).—ZELE- pon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Las Trojas de Puntarenas, San José, Alajuela, Pozo Azul de Pirris and Monte Redondo de San José).— Ber.epscH, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1889, 295 (Yurimaguas, e. Peru).—ALLEN, Bull. 1Among Mexican localities cited appears the Valley of Mexico; but since the species is a bird of the tierra caliente, or true tropical districts, there is doubtless an error in this case. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 389 Am. Mus. N. H., iii, 1891, 347 (Chapada, prov. Matto Grosso, s. w. Brazil; crit.; descr. eggs).—CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 310 (San Pablo, s. Cuba); vi, 1894, 26 (Trinidad ).—Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117, 155 (Cuba).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 487 (Rio Escon- dido and San Carlos, Nicaragua).—CHeErRI£, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Lagarto, Boruca, Térraba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). Cyanerpes cyaneus OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1891, 32 (synonymy; geog. range, etc.).—Banas, Auk, xviii, 1891, 31 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama). (2) [Certhia] cyanogastra LatHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 295 (based on Blue-throated Creeper Latham, Synopsis, li, 734). (2)[Certhia] flavipes GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 472 (based on Blue-throated Creeper Latham, Synopsis, ii, 734). Cereba carneipes SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 376 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, s. Mexico; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1864, 173 (‘ ‘valley of Mexico’’); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 52 (Oaxaca).—Scuiarer and Satyvin, Ibis, 1860, 32 (Duefias, Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R.).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 291, 317 (Panama R. R.); vili, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui).—Sauvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 187; (Cordillera de Tolé, Santiago, and Santa Fé, Veragua; David, Chiriqui); 1870, 185 (Bugaba, Volean de Chiriqui, Chitra, Castillo, Cordillera del Chucu, and Calovevora, Veragua).—-Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 548 (hot district, Vera Cruz). Coeereba cyanea var. carneipes Boucarp, Cat. Ay., 1876, 239, no. 7444 (Mexico). Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 33 (erit.; s. Mexico to Panama). A[rbelorhina] brevipes CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- zuela; coll. Heine Mus. ). Cereba brevipes REICHENBACH, Handb. Spec. Orn,, 1851, 237. Cyanerpes cyaneus brevipes OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 33 (synonymy; crit. ). A[rbelorhina] eximia CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello, Vene- zuela; coll. Heine Mus. ). Cereba cyanea eximia BrritepscH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 287 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). Arbelorhina cyanea eximia Rrcumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, Aug. 12, 1896, 679, (Margarita I., Venezuela).—Rosinson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviil, 1896, 679 (habits).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 1438 (Santa Marta, Colombia). Cyanerpes cyanea eximea ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xviii, Aug. 25, 1900, 173 (Bonda, ete., proy. Santa Marta, Colombia). CYANERPES LUCIDUS (Sclater and Salvin). SHINING HONEY CREEPER. Adult male.—Lores, chin, throat, and upper median portion of chest uniform deep black; wings, tail, and thighs black; rest of plumage plain dull ultramarine or french blue, lighter more azure blue on head; bill black; legs and feet canary yellow in life,’ dull yellowish in dried skins; length (skins), 91.4-109.7 (100.6); wing, 52.1-60.5 (57.4); tail, 26.4-32.3 (29.5); exposed culmen, 15.5-19.6 (18); tarsus, 14-16.3 (14.7); middle toe, 9.7-11.4 (10.7).? ‘Richmond, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488. “Ten specimens. 390 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck dull grayish blue or greenish, the forehead (sometimes crown also) usually narrowly streaked with whitish; rest of upper parts plain dull grass green or parrot green; ‘lores brownish dusky; malar region blue or partly blue; chin and throat buff; median under parts dull whitish, the chest streaked with blue; sides and flanks plain grayish green; bill black; legs and feet sage green in life,’ brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 98.5-105.1 (98.6); wing, 50.8-57.4 (54.6); tail, 25.4-30.5 (27.9); exposed culmen, 18.5-19.6 (19.1), tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (15); middle toe, 9.4-10.7 (10.4).” Young male. —Similar in Sistas to the adult female. Immature male.—Variously intermediate in color between adult male and female, according to age. Central America, from Guatemala (chorion) to the Isthmus of Panama (line of Panam Railroad). Cereba cerulea (not Certhia cerulea Linnzeus) Sctater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 140 ( Veragua). Cereba lucida ScLATER and SaLvin, Ibis, Ist ser., i, Jan., 1859, 14 (Guatemala) ; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R.).—Moorg, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 53 (Honduras).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 291, 318 (Panama R. R.).—Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 35 (Choctum, Guatemala; Bugaba, Veragua; Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 267 (monogr. ).—Sanviy, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 137 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 185 (Bugaba, Veragua).—Boucarp, Tate Ois. Guat., 1878, 32,—Sa.vin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 249. [Cereba] lucida Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 117, no, 1453.—ScLaTER and SALvIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. Arbelorhina lucida Herne and RetcHenow, Nom. Mus. Hein., Orn., 1882, 60.— ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (San José, Puerto Limon, and Pozo Azul de Pirris).—CuHeErriz, Auk, ix, 1892 23 (San José, Costa Rica); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 17 (Boruca and Térraba, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.).—RicHmonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits; color of unfeathered parts, etc.). Cyanerpes lucidus OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 34 (synonymy; range). Genus DACNIS Cuvier. Dacnis Cuvier, Régne Anim., i, 1817, 395. (Type, Motacilla cayana Linnzvs. ) Cyanodacnis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 268. (Type, Motacilla cayana Linnezeus. ) Polidacnis Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 269. (Type, Dacnis angelica De Filippi. ) Eudaenis Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, Nov., 1864, 270. (Type, Daenis flaviventris Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny. ) Coerebide with the bill shorter than the head, acute-conical or wedge- shaped, very shghtly decurved terminally (at least the maxilla), and tip acute; tarsus not longer than middle toe with claw; adult males blue 1Richmond, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488. * Four specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 391 and black (sometimes with white or yellow abdomen or scarlet thighs), or else yellow and black with greenish pileum. Bill shorter than head, narrowly conical or wedge-shaped, usually very shghtly decurved terminally, with tip acute; culmen nearly straight for basal half or more, thence slightly and gradually decurved to the acute tip of the maxilla; gonys straight or some- times faintly concave terminally. Nostrils exposed, longitudinally oval, overhung by rather broad membrane. Rictal bristles very minute or obsolete. Wing moderate, rather pointed (ninth, eighth, and seventh primaries longest, the ninth longer than sixth, sometimes equal to longest); wing-tip equal to or longer than tarsus (usually decidedly longer). Tail much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), even or very slightly rounded. Tarsus about as long as commissure or a little longer, distinctly scutellate; middle toe with claw about equal to tarsus or slightly shorter. Coloration.—Adult males bright bluish green to violet-blue, varied with black, some species with the abdomen, etc., white or yellow, or with scarlet thighs; or else the plumage yellow and black, with greenish pileum; adult females much duller in color; greenish, olive, or brownish above, pale: below, the head sometimes bluish, with grayish throat. Range.—Nicaragua to Peru, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. This genus has hitherto included some half dozen species which cer- tainly do not belong to it. These are 2). pulcherrima Sclater, which I have made the type of a new genus, /ridophanes,' and referred, provisionally at least, to the Tanagride,’ and the last six species given by Dr. Selater (except possibly 2. salmonz, which I have not seen), these latter, according to my views, constituting a distinct genus (Ateleodacnis Cassin *) and belonging to the Mniotiltide. Of the spe- cies left in Dacnis the most aberrant is D). flaviventris.* This has the bill straighter than any other species (almost perfectly straight, in fact), and has the tarsus much longer than middle toe with claw; the coloration is very different from that of other species, clear lemon yellow replacing blue, but the pattern is essentially the same. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF DACNIS. a: Lores and at least part of back black; under parts (except throat, in some species) bright blue or green, or else greenish black with scarlet thighs. (Adult males. ) b. Under parts of body blue, thighs blue or bluish gray; wings with conspicuous blue edgings. 1 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., ili, 1891, 150. 2See page 2, this volume. 3 Ateleodacnis Cassin, Proc. Ac Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 270. (Type, Dacnis leucogenys Lafresnaye. ) * Dacnis flaviventris Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny, Mag. de Zool., 1859, Synop. Ay., 21. 392 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. c. Throat black; under wing-coverts gray. (Daenis cayana. ) d. General color bright cerulean or turquoise blue, changing to bluish green; throat deeper black. (Colombia to southern Braziland Bolivia; Chiriqui?) Dacnis cayana cayana, adult male (p. 392) dd. General color bright ultramarine or cobalt blue, changing to greenish blue; throat dull greenish black. (Isthmus of Panama to Nicaragua. ) Dacnis cayana ultramarina, adult male (p. 394) ec. Throat bluish green; under wing-coverts white. (Isthmus of Panama. ) Dacnis viguieri, adult male (p. 396) bb. Under parts of body greenish black; thighs scarlet; wings entirely black. (Costa Rica to Colombia.) 2_---- =. -=-- Dacnis venusta, adult male (p. 396) aa. No black on lores nor back; under parts of body yellowish green, or light buffy grayish anteriorly passing into buffy or buffy yellowish posteriorly. (Adult females and young. ) b. Under parts yellowish green, the throat bluish gray; pileum greenish blue; wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices edged with bright yellowish green. c. More yellowish green, with head lighter and more greenish blue. Dacnis cayana cayana, adult female and young male (p. 392) cc. Clearer green, with head deeper and less greenish blue. Dacnis cayana ultramarina, adult female and young male (p. 395) bb. Under parts light buffy grayish anteriorly, passing into buffy posteriorly (the abdomen more yellowish); wing-coverts plain greenish gray or olive, the remiges and rectrices edged with same. Dacnis venusta, adult female and young male (p. 397) DACNIS CAYANA CAYANA (Linnezus). CAYENNE DACNIS. Adult male.—Lores, postocular streak (of variable extent), chin, throat, and back, uniform black; wings and tail black; middle wing- coverts tipped with bright greenish blue, greater coverts and tertials broadly, secondaries and primaries (in part) narrowly, edged with the same; rest of plumage bright cerulean or turquoise blue viewed toward the light, changing to bluish green when viewed from the light; bill brownish black, the mandible more brownish (fleshy in life) basally; iris reddish brown;' legs and feet brownish in dried skins, fleshy* or bluish® in life; length (skins), 99.6-133.6 (115.1); wing, 61.2-68.6 (65); tail, 41.748 (44.2); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (13.2); tarsus, 15.7-16.8 (16.3); middle toe, 10.2—-11.4 (10.7).° Adult female.—Y ellowish grass green, orighter on rump and upper tail-coverts, rather lighter (approaching apple green) on under parts; head dull greenish blue or bluish green (nile blue or beryl green), the throat paler and grayer; lesser wing-coverts darker and duller green- ish blue; bill and feet as in the male, but the former rather browner; length (skins), 103.1-130.3 (116.6); wing, 57.2-68.6 (63); tail, 39.6-47 ; ponese ie. 1881, 330. ?D’Orbigny, Voy. Am. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 221. * Fourteen specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 393 (43.7); exposed culmen, 11.7-14.7 (13.2); tarsus, 15.2-17.5 (16.5); mid- dle toe, 9.7-12.2 (10.7).’ Eastern tropical South America, from southern Brazil, and Bolivia to Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia; Chiriqui?’” 2? [Motacilla] cayana*® Lixnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 336 (based on Blue Manakin Edwards, moe Hist. Birds, pl. 263, lower fig.; Sylvia cayanensis cerulea Brisson, Orn., iii, 534, pl. 28, fig. 1).—Gmetrn, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 990. D{acnis] cayanus D’OrpIGNyY and LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1839 (Synop. Av., p. 20) (Yuracares, proy. Chiquitos, Bolivia). D{acnis] cayana Capanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 95 (Cayenne). [Dacnis] cayana Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 400.—ScLaTerR and Satyvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16. Dacnis cayana StricKLAND, Contr. Orn., 1851, 15 (crit.; synonymy ).—ScuaTEr, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 106 (monogr.); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, 110 (Pallatanga, e. Ecuador), 252 (Trinidad; Guiana; Cayenne; Brazil; e. Peru; Bolivia); 1855, 137 (Bogota, Colombia); 1857, 263 (Ega, upper Amazons); 1858, 452 (Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 50 (Bogota, Colombia; Trinidad; Cayenne); Ibis, 1863, 313 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., viii, 1886, 19, part (Volcan de Chiriqui and Bugaba, Chir- iqui; South American localities).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 268 (monogr. ).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad).—ScuaTer and SaLvIn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, 179 (Rio Ucayali, e. Peru); 1867, 570 (Para, 1 Nine specimens. The specimens measured average as follows, according to locality: ee rs -, |Exposed Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. animeny Tarsus. ton MALES. Four adult males from Colombia (‘‘ Bogota’’) .......-.------ 67.1 44,2 13.2 16 10.4 Ivo adult malestrom Trinidad! 22.22. = -2sce-6- c= siee- sees e | 62.2 42.4 12.7 15.7 10.4 One‘aduit male from British Guiana. ..--2....--.-2--2:----: | 62 42.9 DSiaz= |e eetore| Sasso Five adult males from eastern Brazil .........-.--.--.------ | 64.5 44,2 13.2 16.5 10.7 Two adult males from southwestern Brazil (Chapada)...... Wea 46.5 13.7 16.3 11.2 FEMALES. One adult female from Colombia (‘‘ Bogota’’) ....-..------- Odo 47 13.5 16 10.7 Mhreeadulttemalesfrom TLrinidad -.22.-...2--..tc+--2-25-6- | 62.2 43.9 14.2 16.5 10.9 One adult female from British Guiana.......-.....--------- eet 7a2 39.6 LE 16.5 10.2 One adult female from lower Amazon (Santarem)......--..- 60.5 43.4 1232 15.2 9.7 Two adult females from southwestern Brazil (Chapada) -. | 66.8 | 44.7 13.7 17.5 9.7 | Oneadulttemaletrom*Boliviaie..- sss 2sccc-cs5ce-0c- cece! 62.2 43.7 1232 16 9.9 The South American birds will probably require subdivision into two or more geographic subspecies. Specimens from Colombia are, as a rule, more decidedly blue than those from other parts of South America, especially those from southern Brazil, which, besides being larger, are decidedly greenish and have the black duller, especially that on the throat. (See Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iii, 1891, p. 347, where average measurements of 20 adult males from Chapada, Matto Grosso, are given as follows: Wing, 68.8; tail, 45.5; exposed culmen, 13. ) 2 Although Chiriqui examples have, at least generally, the light blue color of true D. cayana, | am exceedingly doubtful whether they should be referred to that form. Lack of adequate material, however, prevents me from reaching a satisfactory con- clusion in the matter. $See Berlepsch, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 235. 394 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. lower Amazon), 749 (Rio Huallaga, e. Peru), 977 (Amazonia); 1878, 259 (lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Pebas, and Ega, e. Peru); 1875, 237 (province of Tachira, Venezuela); 1879, 496 (Remedios, proy. Antioquia, Colombia), 597 (Rio Tanapaya, etc., Bolivia).—Lktoraup, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 124.—Satvaport, Atti. R. Ac. Sci. Torino, ii, 1868, 261 (crit.; synon- ymy).—PELZzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 25.—Layarp, Ibis, 1873, 378 (Pard).— TaczaNnowskI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 510 (Monterico, centr. Peru); 1882, 9 (Huambo, n. e. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 428.—ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 78 (Santarem, lower Amazon); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., ii, 1889, 80 (Mapiri and Falls of Madeira, Bolivia); iii, 1891, 347 (Chapada, prov. Matto Grosso, s. w. Brazil; crit.).—ForsBers, Ibis, 1881, 330 (Caxanga, Recife, etc., n. e. Brazil). —Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1883, 244, part (South American localities). —Satvin, Ibis, 1885, 207 (British Guiana ).—CnHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 26 (Trinidad ).— InerinG, Aves d. Est. S. Paulo, 1899, 141 (Iguape). [ Fringilla] cyanomelas GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 924 (based on Fringilla cerulea, mento, gula, elc., nigris Koelreuter, Noy. Comm. Petrop., xi, 454, pl. 15, fig. 6). ' D{aenis] cyanomelas CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 95 (Brazil). Dacnis cyanomelas REIcHENBACH, Handb., ii, 1853, 227.—BurmMeEtster, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 153.—Brrierscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 235 (Santa Cat- arina, s. Brazil; synonomy, crit., ete. ); 1889, 294 (Tarapoto, upper Amazons; _crit.).—Boucarp and BrerierscH, The Humming Bird, ii, 1892, 43 (Porto Real, Brazil). [Motacilla] cyanocephala Gmewrx, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 990 (= female; based on Sylvia viridis Brisson, Orn., iii, 531, pl. 28, fig. 4; Blue-headed Warbler Latham, Synopsis, ii, pt. 2, 503,,etc.; Cayenne). Nectarinia cyanocephala Swainson, Zool. Ilustr., ser. i, vol. ii, 1822, pl. 117. D{aenis] cyanocephala Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102 (not pl. 34, fig. 2).—CaBanis, — in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 675. Dacnis cyanocephalus D’Orsiany, Voy. Amer. Mérid., Ois., 1839, 221 (Paraguay; Bolivia). (?) N[ectarinia] ceruliocephala Swarnson, Birds West Africa, ii, 183-, 141. Nectarinia bicolor (not Sylvia bicolor Vieillot, 1807) BeckLemicHew, Nouy. Mém. Soc. Mosce., 1, 1829, 378, pl. 23. D{acnis] bicolor Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102. Coereba caerulea (not of Vieillot) Maxrmruran, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., iii, 1831, 766. Dacnis cyanater Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 458.—LarresnayE and D’Orsieny, Synopsis Avium, i (Mag. de Zool., 1837), 21 (Yuracares, prov. Chiquitos, Bolivia).—PucnHERAN, Rev. et Mag. Zool., vi (2), 1854, 70 (crit.). Dacnis nigripes (not of Pelzeln) Casstx, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 (monogr. ). [ Dacnis cayana.] b. Subsp. typica Scuarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 20, in list of specimens. DACNIS CAYANA ULTRAMARINA (Lawrence). ULTRAMARINE DACNIS. Similar to LD. ¢. cayana, but adult male usually with the blue of a much deeper and less greenish hue, the color changing from bright ultramarine or cobalt blue when viewed toward the light to greenish blue viewed from the light; chin and throat decidedly duller black,’ or The throat is similarly dull colored in examples of so-called D. cayana from southwestern Brazil (Chapada), but the birds from that district should undoubtedly be separated as a distinct subspecies from true D. cayana, being much larger as well as greener than the typical form from the lower Amazon Valley, Cayenne, ete. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 395 dull grayish black washed with dull blue; adult female less yellowish green than that of 7). c. cayana, with blue of head deeper and less greenish. Adult male.—Lores, short triangular postocular streak, and back black, the last sometimes slightly glossed or overlaid with dull bluish; chin and throat dull grayish black or blackish gray, tinged or glossed with dull blue; wings and tail black, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with bright blue, the greater coverts and tertials broadly, the secondaries and primaries in part (sometimes also median rectrices), narrowly, edged with the same; rest of plumage bright blue, usually cobalt or ultramarine when viewed toward the light,’ changing to more greenish blue when viewed from the light; concealed portion of wpper tail-coverts black, the plumage of under parts grayish beneath the sur- face; bill brownish black terminally, more brownish basally, especially on mandible; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 102.9-119.9 (110.7); wing, 60.2-66.3 (63); tail, 41.1—44.7 (42.7); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.7 (18); tarsus, 15.2-17 (16); middle toe, 10.2-10.9 (HORT). Adult female.—Y ellowish grass green, brighter on rump and upper tail-coverts, rather lighter (approaching apple green) on under parts; head greenish blue, the throat light bluish gray; lesser wing-coverts darker greenish blue than head, the centers of feathers (like those of pileum) darker; bill and feet as in the adult male, but the former more distinctly and extensively brownish basally; length (skins), 105.4-117.3 (113); wing, 62-64.3 (63.5); tail, 40.9-44.5 (42.7); exposed culmen, 13- 14 (13.5); tarsus, 15.5-16.5 (16); middle toe, 10.9-11.4 (11.2).° Isthmus of Panama (Panama Railroad) to eastern Nicaragua (Grey- town; Rio Escondido; Chontales, ete.). Dacnis cerebicolor (not of Sclater) Lawrencr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 219 (Panama R. R.). Dacnis ultramarina LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xvi, 1864, 106 (Panama R. R.; coll. G. N. Lawrence?); Ann. Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1865, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 97 (Angostura, Costa Rica).—ScuaTer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 348 (Panama R. R.).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 (monogr.).—Satvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 185 (Chepo, Isthmusof Panama).—Berr.epscu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, 236( crit. ).— Satyvin and Gopman, Biol. Cent.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 244.—ZELEpDoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Las Trojas de Puntarenas).—RicHMmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 487 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua).—CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1898, 17 (Terrdba, s. w. Costa Rica). [ Dacnis] ultramarina ScLaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 16. [Daenis cayana.] a. Subsp. wtramarina Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 20, in list of specimens. 1The color of D. c. cayana in the same position is cerulean or turquoise blue, changing to bluish green. * Seven specimens. 3 Five specimens. 396 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (2?) Daenis cayana (not Motacilla cayana Linneeus) SALvin, Ibis, 1870, 185 (Mina de Chorcha, Veragua); 1872, 318, 314 (Chontales, Nicaragua).—Scuater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 19, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Chepo, Veragua; Lion Hill and Panama, Panama R. R.). (?) Daenis cayana glaucogularis BErRLEpscH and StotzMann, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., Aug. 1, 1896, 336 (La Gloria and La Merced, centr. Peru; coll. Branicki Mus. ).! DACNIS VIGUIERI Oustalet. VIGUIER’S DACNIS. Adult male.—Bluish green, the lores, back, and tail black; primaries black, with inner webs edged with white; distal secondaries blackish, edged with green, proximal secondaries (tertials) broadly edged with yellowish green, their inner webs blackish; bill and feet black; length, 119.9; tail, 50; tarsus, 15; exposed culmen, 9.9. ‘** Head, throat, breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts bright green glossed with blue, corresponding with the color called in France cendre-vert; lores, back, and tail deep black; remiges black, their inner webs edged with white; innermost secondaries black margined with clear green, the remaining secondaries for the greater part green with an inner margin of black; lesser (4) coverts glossy yellowish or golden green, the other coverts brilliant green glossed with blue, but the concealed portions black; bill and feet uniform black. Iris golden yellow (according to M. Viguier).”” Isthmus of Panama (coast of Gulf of Darien). A very distinct species, which I have not seen. Dacnis viguieri OusTALET, in Salvin and Godman’s Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, Nov., 1883, 246 (Isthmus of Panama; coll. Paris Mus. ). Dacnis vigueri SALYIN and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, pl. 15a, fig. 3. DACNIS VENUSTA Lawrence. SCARLET-THIGHED DACNIS, Adult male.—Forehead, lores, orbits, triangular postocular mark, anterior portion of malar region, chin, throat, and rest of under parts (except thighs) greenish black or dark ‘‘invisible” green; thighs bright scarlet; head and neck, except as described, scapulars, median portion of back, rump, and part of upper tail-coverts rich turquoise blue; wings, tail, and longer upper tail-coverts black; under wing- coverts partly white; bill black; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 114.8-124 (119.1); wing, 63.5-71.4 (68.8); tail, ' Typical specimens (received from the Branicki Museum) are undistinguishable from a light-colored example of D. c. ultramarina from Chiriqui. All Peruvian specimens examined agree with the Central American form in the color of the throat (as distinguished from that of D. c. cayana), but none of them exhibit the deep blue color characteristic of most specimens of D. ¢. ultramarina, being in this respect like true D. cayana. 2 Free translation of Oustalet’s original description, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, Aves, i, 246. ‘ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 397 41.7-43.2 (42.4); exposed culmen, 12.2-13 (12.4); tarsus, 15.2-16.5 (15.7); middle toe, 10.4-11.2 (10.9).* Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck dull or dusky greenish olive, the feathers narrowly and indistinctly tipped or margined with brighter greenish; sides of head and neck glaucous-green; back olive, tinged or washed with dull greenish; scapulars, rump, and upper tail- coverts glaucous-green, the last brighter, inclining to nile blue; wings and tail olive, with indistinct paler edgings, except the middle and greater wing-coverts which, respectively, are tipped and edged distinctly with light olive; chin, throat, and chest light buffy grayish, changing posteriorly to buffy yellowish on abdomen and buff on anal region and under tail-coverts, the thighs tinged with red; bill and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 111.3-122.9 (118.4); wing, 61.7-69.1 (66); tail, 40.6-42.9 (41.4); exposed culmen, 11.9-13.2 (12.7); tarsus, 14.7-15.7 (ales 5): middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11. 2), Immature male.—Forehead, lores, postocular space, anterior part of malar region, chin, and throat uniform black, as in the adult male; rest of head bright cerulean or turquoise blue, becoming dusky olive on occiput; otherwise like the adult female. Young male.—Similar to the adult female, but duller and grayer above, the sides of head and neck gray instead of blue; no blue on scapulars; middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with pale grayish. Highlands of Costa Rica (Dota mountains, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, Naranjo de Cartago, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Candelaria, ete. ) to Colom- bia (Remedios, province of Antioquia).* Dacnis sp. LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 319 (Panama R. R.). Dacnis venusta (not Sylvia venusta Descourtilz, 1856+) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., vii, 1862, 464 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 97 (Dota Mts., Costa Rica).—ScuarTer, Ibis, 1863, 315, pl. 7 (monogr.); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x1, 1886, 24 (Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, and Bugaba, Veragua; Panama; Remedios, Colombia).—SciaTer and Savin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 348 (Panama R. R.); 1879, 497 (Remedios, prov. Antio- quia, Colombia): —Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 269 (monogr. ).— Satvaport, Atti Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 172 (Costa Rica).—Satvrn, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 185 (Bugaba, Veragua).—Boucarp, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 54 (Candelaria, Costa Rica).—Satvrn and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., nee i, 1883, 245.—ZeELEpon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 ae de Cartago; Pozo Azul de Pirris; Turrialba). een Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 529 (descr. young); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, hee es, 1893, 17 (Boruca, s. w. Costa Rica). [ Daenis] venusta Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 117, no. 1461.—ScLaTER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 160 ‘Six specimens. * Five specimens. >IT have not seen Colombian specimens. These should be carefully compared with those from Costa Rica. * Sylvia venusta Descourtilz, Orn. du Brésil, 1854-56, 37, pl. 42, fig. 3; = Dacnis [ Ateleodacnis] analis D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye. 398 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus CCEREBA Vieillot. Cereba Vintuiot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 70. (Type, Certhia flaveola Linneeus. ) Certhiola SuNDEVALL, CEfy. Vet.-Ak. Handl. Stockholm, 1835, 99. (Type, Certhia flaveola Linnzeus.) Arbelorhina! CaBanis, Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1847, 325. (Substitute for Cereba Vieillot).? Rather small Ccerebidee with very acute decurved bill, long tarsus (nearly one-third as long as wing) and rounded tail, witk very broad rectrices; plumage varied with dusky or grayish and yellow, white, or grayish, or else entirely black. Bill about as long as head or a little shorter, strongly decurved ter- minally, with tip very acute; culmen distinctly ridged, gradually curved downward from the base; commissure distinctly arched, most strongly so toward base, the rictal portion fleshy or tumid; gonys slightly con- cave, its base forming a slight but decided angle; depth of bill at base equal to about one-third exposed culmen or slightly less, the basal width decidedly less than the depth. Nostril exposed, longitudinal, occupying about the lower half of nasal fossa. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, rather pointed (eighth, seventh and sixth primaries longest, ninth intermediate between fifth and fourth); wing-tip slightly shorter than commissure, much shorter than tarsus. Tail much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), rounded, the rectrices very broad. Tarsus long (nearly one-third as long as wing), its scutella rather distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe almost entirely free from inner toe, but united for more than half its length to outer toe. Coloration (sexes alike).—Above grayish, olive, or blackish, usually with a yellow patch on rump and a white spot at base of primaries; a white, gray, or yellowish superciliary stripe; under parts whitish or grayish, the breast (sometimes abdomen also) yellow; lateral rectrices tipped with white. (Two species, or possibly representing a color phase of normally colored species, entirely black.) Range.—Neotropical Region in general, but wanting in Cuba, the Galapagos Archipelago, and on Pacific coast of South America from Peru southward. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CCEREBA. a. Plumage parti-colored (blackish or grayish, yellow, white, ete. ). b. A conspicuous and sharply defined superciliary stripe of white or yellow. ce. Superciliary stripe white. (Adults. ) d. Throat unicolored (white, gray, or dark slaty); malar region and whole throat same color, abruptly different from blackish of pileum. e. Throat grayish white or very pale gray (not darker than gray no. 9%). 1” Ap Bndos, Kneif; Atv, Nase.’’ *See Oberholser, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 32. 3’Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, pl. ii, fig. 9. weg ee ee & i co i —_———————— EE BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 399 f. Flanks pale gray, very slightly if at all tinged with yellow; lower abdo- men and anal region white or yellowish white. (Bahama Islands.) Ceereba bahamensis, adults (p. 401) J Flanks yellowish gray or olive, strongly tinged with yellow; lower abdomen and anal region yellow. g- Black on lores and beneath eyes broader (as in C. bahamensis); white superciliary stripe much narrower; white spots at tip of lateral rectrices much smaller. (Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. ) Ceereba caboti, adults (p. 404) gg. Black on lores and beneath eyes narrower;ewhite superciliary stripe broader (as in C. bahamensis); white spots at tip of lateral rec- trices much larger. h. Smaller, with larger bill (male averaging wing 61.2, tail 41.9, exposed culmen 15); yellow of rump tinged with olive. (Islands of Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac, Greater Antilles. ) Coreba sharpei, adults (p. 404) hh. Larger, with smaller bill (male averaging wing 65.8, tail 46.2, exposed culmen 14); yellow of rump purer. (Island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea. )..-.-Ccereba tricolor, adults (p. 405) ee. Throat distinctly gray (not paler than gray no. 7). f. Throat paler gray (no. 6 or no.7). g. Back, etc., sooty blackish; white wing-spot large and conspicuous; breast, etc., brighter yellow. h. Throat deeper gray (no.6); rump pure lemon or canary yellow; breast, etc., deeper yellow. (Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela; islands of Trinidad, Tobago, and Grenada. ) Cereba luteola, adults (p. 406) hh. Throat paler gray (no. 7); rump olive-yellow; breast, ete., lighter yellow. (Island of San Miguel, Bay of Panama. ) Cereba cerinoclunis, adults (p. 408) gg. Back, ete., olive, grayish olive, or brownish gray; white wing-spot (if present) small, rarely conspicuous; breast, ete., paler and duller yellow. h. White wing-spot usually distinct (sometimes obsolete); smaller (wing not more than 59.9). (Southern Mexico to Colombia; Hcuador seer hese see Ceereba mexicana, adults (p. 409) hh. White wing-spot obsolete (entirely concealed by primary coverts); larger (wing 62.2). (Coast district of Guiana and Brazil. ) Coreba chloropyga, adults (extralimital’). i. Throat darker gray (slate-gray, or darker). g. Throat slate-gray. h. Smaller, especially the bill (exposed culmen 11.7-12.2); back and wings browner or more sooty. (Island of Haiti, Greater Antil- TES %) Wratten te aie ek et gE Ae Ne Coereba bananivora, adults (p. 411) 1 Ca@:REBA CHLOROPYGA (Cabanis). Clerthiola] chloropyga CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 97 (Bahia, e. Brazil; coll. Heine Mus. ). Certhiola chloropyga ScuarEr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862,53; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 44. Cereba chloropyga ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iii, 1891, 348 (Abrilonga, Cuyaba, and Chapada, s. w. Brazil; crit.) (2?) CLerthiola] guianensis CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 97 (Gr'ana; coll. Heine Mus. ). Certhiola guianensis ScLatER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53 (Cayenne). (?) Certhiola majuscula CABANIS, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 413. 400 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. hh. Larger, especially the bill (exposed culmen 13.2-15.2); back and wings darker, more blackish. (Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, St. Johns, Culebra (?), Anegada (?) and Tortola (?), Greater Antilles.)......--- Cereba portoricensis, adults (p. 412) gg. Throat blackish slate. h. White wing-spot not truncated posteriorly, but following edges of primaries more or less beyond it; rump-patch clear yellow, larger and sharply defined; breast darker and duller yellow (wax yel- low). (Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles.) . Ceereba flaveola, adults (p. 414) hh. White wing-spot (if present) truncated posteriorly; rump-patch decidedly olivaceous or olive-yellowish, smaller and less sharply defined; breast lighter and clearer yellow. i. White wing-spot larger; breast tinged with ochraceous. (Island of St. Croix, Greater Antilles. )..Ccereba newtoni, adults (p. 416) vi. White wing-spot smaller, sometimes obsolete or altogether want- ing; breast clear yellow like abdomen. j. White superciliary stripe broader; white wing-spot larger; smaller (wing of female 56.1-56.6, tail 34.3-34.8). (Islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, Lesser Antilles. ) Ceereba saccharina, adults (p. 415) jj). White superciliary stripe narrower; white wing-spot (if pres- ent) much smaller; larger (wing of female 56.9-58.4, tail 39.4-40.1). k. No white at base of primaries (except concealed by primary coverts); smaller (wing of male averaging 58.2, tail 40.4, exposed culmen 14). (Islands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Christopher, Nevis, Barbuda and Antigua, Lesser Amntilless) eee aes Cereba dominicana, adults (p. 417) kk. A white spot at base of primaries; larger (wing of male averaging 58.9, tail 41.1, exposed culmen 14.2). (Islands of St. Bartholomew, Saba, and St. Eustatius, Lesser Amt eS!) pee ee Cereba bartolemica, adults (p. 419) dd. Throat bicolored (black and white—at least the lower portion being the latter color); malar region and sides of throat black, like pileum. e. Throat blackish anteriorly as well as laterally; a gray rictal streak. jf. White superciliary stripe shorter, terminating above end of auricular region; whitish space on lower throat much smaller; gray rictal streak more distinct; olive-yellowish band across lower rump indistinct. (Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. ) . Ccereba barbadensis, adults (p. 420) jf. White superciliary stripe longer, terminating behind auricular region; whitish space on lower throat much larger; gray rictal streak less distinct; olive-yellowish band across lower rump much more distinct. (Island of Curacao, Caribbean Sea.) Cereba uropygialis, adults (p. 420) ee. Throat blackish only laterally; no gray rictal streak. (Islands of Mar- tinique and Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles.) Cereba martinicana, adults (p. 421) ec. Superciliary stripe bright yellow. Cereba martinicana and C. uropygialis, young! (p. 421) 'T have not seen a specimen of C. martinicana in first plumage; but in that species younger birds retain the yellow superciliary stripe, at least in part, after the other- wise fully adult plumage has been acquired. i BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 401 bb. Without a conspicuous or sharply defined superciliary stripe of white or yel- low. (Young.) ec. Throat pale dull grayish, or if tinged with yellow the back paler grayish brown and wing more than 57. d. Back, ete., grayish brown or brownish gray; white wing-spot large, con- spicuous; wing 57.1-61 or more. e. Paler, with less yellow below (only on the breast). Coereba bahamensis, young (p. 401) ee. Darker, with more yellow (mostly yellow) below. Cereba tricolor, young (p. 405) dd. Back, ete., light olive; white wing-spot obsolete; wing 53.3. Cereba chloropyga, young (extralimital). ec. Throat yellow or yellow and dusky; wing not more than 55.9. d. A distinct white spot at base of primaries. e. Under parts mostly yellow. f. Sides of throat mostly dusky; white wing-spot larger, the primaries edged with white for some distance beyond it. Cereba flaveola, young (Addenda) Jf. Sides of throat with little ifany dusky; white wing-spot smaller, nearly trumented ie See tee = Notes Aes eS Cereba portoricensis, young (p. 412) ee. Under parts light olive, tinged with yellow on breast. Coereba bananivora, young (p. 411) dd. No distinct white spot at base of primaries. Cwmigeombnroatidusky .2.-25225--+s<--2 Cereba barbadensis, young (p. 420) ee. Whole throat yellowish .-------------- Coereba mexicana, young (p. 410) aa. Plumage unicolored (plain blackish). b. Larger (wing of male 64, tail 42.7, exposed culmen 16, tarsus 19.6, middle toe 12.7). (island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. ) Cereba atrata, adults (p. 422 bb. Smaller (male averaging 59.7, tail 36.3, exposed culmen 14.2, tarsus 18.8, middle toe 11.9). (Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. ) Cereba wellsi, adults (p. 423) CCGEREBA BAHAMENSIS (Reichenbach). BAHAMA BANANAQUIT. Adults (sexes alike).—Above plain sooty blackish slate, the back, scapulars, wings, and tail usually somewhat lighter than the pileum, sometimes inclining to brownish gray; a large white spot or patch at base of six to seven outermost primaries; remiges and rectrices more or less distinctly edged with pale grayish, the tertials, in fresh plumage, rather broadly margined at tips with the same or grayish white; tail narrowly tipped with whitish (except in worn plumage), the three outermost rectrices with a large terminal spot of white, about 11.4-14 in extent on lateral rectrix; rump lemon or canary yellow; a broad white superciliary stripe, extending from nostril to occiput; loral and auricular regions and sides of neck sooty blackish slate, like pileum, the loral and auricular areas narrowly connected beneath eye; malar region (except anterior point), chin, throat, and upper chest white, or grayish white; lower chest, breast, and median portion of upper belly lemon yellow; rest of under parts white, the flanks tinged with: yel- lowish gray, the lower abdomen sometimes faintly tinged with yellow;, 3654—voL 2—Ol1 26 - 402 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. bill black, the tumid rictal portion pale brownish (flesh color in life 7); legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). Young.—Above brownish gray or deep drab-gray, the primaries and rectrices marked with white and (together with secondaries) edged with paler gray as in adults; lower rump olive-yellow, much less dis- tinct and more restricted than the pure yellow patch of adults; sides of head brownish gray, without any white superciliary stripe or else with this merely indicated; malar region paler grayish or dull grayish white, faintly tinged with yellow; chin, throat, and upper chest dull yellowish white; rest of under parts similar, the lower chest, breast, and upper abdomen more distinctly yellowish, the sides and flanks strongly tinged with brownish gray; bill and feet as in adults, but the former rather more brownish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 109.7-127.8 (117.6); wing, 61.2-68.3 (65); tail, 39.1-48.8 (45); exposed culmen, 14.5-16.8 (15.2); tarsus, 18.5-20.8 (20.1); middle toe, 11.4-13.2 (12.4)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 93-120.4 (108.2); wing, 56.6-62 (59.7); tail, 37.6-43.2 (40.1); exposed culmen, 13-15 (13.7); tarsus, 17.5-20.3 (18.8); middle toe, 11.2-13 (11.9).’ Twenty specimens. *Twelve specimens. Average measurements of specimens from different islands are as follows: Locality, Weise | wean neces eS culmen. : MALES. Two adult males from New Providence..........----------- 65 45.7 15.2 20.3 12.4 Two adult males from Concepcion Island....-......-------- 64.3 46.2 15.2 19.8 LD Two adult males from Eleuthera Island .................... 63.8 41.4 15.2 19.3 1: Three adult males from Watlings Island..............-.-... 66.5 46.7 Eid 20.3 13 Hive aduiliimeles trom um Caiyeseqscssee se eee enol 65.8 46.2 15.2 20.3 1 wor acdultemalestirome ADCO = see a= see naa ieee 62.5 43.2 | 15 19.8 12.4 Two adult males from Green-Cay ...-......---...------------ 64 43.7 15.2 20.3 11.9 One‘adultimale from Cat Island: oses-ceecsscese- eee eee eee 67.1 47.8 15.2 20.3 12.4 One'aduli;mealetromaingeus 2.2. -ee ese) sne eae ea ee 64.5 44.2 15 19.6 12.2 FEMALES. | Two adult females from New Providence ....-..-.- atiemeye Sa eee 58. 4 39.9 Tone 18.5 IES One adult female from Concepcion Island ........---.------ 60.7 42.7 13.7 19.3 12,2 One adult female from Eleuthera Island...........----...--- 61 39.4 | 13.7 19.1 U2 One adult female from Watlings Island............-...-...- 60.5 42,2 14 19.1 11.4 Twomdult females from ‘RumMnCay 2 - cecsen ses cece ces econ 61.5 40.6 14.5 20.3 13 Three adult females from Abaco ...-.....2:..2-------:-+----- 58. 2 38.4 14 18 nO Gy; One adult female from Green Cay ...........---....-...--- 60.5 41.7 14.7 19.8 1A, One-adultfemale from Inspusa:..:..c..- --eceeaes seams cee none 59. 2 39.4 1352 18.3 11.7 In addition to these specimens with sex determined many unsexed examples have been examined. Nevertheless, the different islands are much too inadequately repre- sented to show conclusively whether there are constant local differences or not. The specimens from Highburna Key and New Providence seem to be lighter and duller colored above than others, but to what extent this is due to difference of season I am unable to determine. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 4038 Bahama Islands (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bimini, Berry Islands,’ Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, Great Exuma, Concepcion, Watlings, Rum Cay, Long Island, Green Cay, Maraguna, Grand Caicos, East Caicos, Little Inagua, Great Inagua,and Highburna Key); Florida Keys (Indian Key—accidental ‘). [Certhia flaveola] 6. Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 187, part (citation of Certhia bahamensis Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pl. 59; Brisson, Orn., ili, 620). [Certhia flaveola] var. y. GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479, excl. syn. part. [Certhia flaveola] var. B. Laruam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 297.—Brcusrein, Lath. Ueb., iv, pt. i, 1811, 188. C[erthiola] flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102, part.—Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 402, part. Certhiola flaveola Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 924 (Indian Key, Florida) ; ed. 1860 (‘‘ Birds N. Am.’’), atlas, pl. 83, fig. 3; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 301.—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 116 (New Provi- dence, Bahamas); 1861, 117 (Inagua, Bahamas).—A.srecut, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 54.—Cougs, Check List, 1878, no. 106. Certhiola bahamensis ReicHENBACH, Handb., i, 1853, 253 (based on Certhia baha- mensis Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, pl. 59).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 (monogr. ).—CaBants, Journ. ftir Orn., 1865, 412.—Bryanrt, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866, 66 (Inagua).—Barrp, Journ. fir Orn., 1866, 264.—SuNDEVALL, (Biv. K. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr. ).— Finscu, Verh. k. k. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 751, 752 (monogr.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am: Birds, i, 1874, 428, pl. 19, fig. 5.— Satvin, Ibis, 1874, 327.—Covrs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 197, footnote (synonymy); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 153.—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 76; Auk, iii, 1886, 47; Birds W. I., 1889, 61.—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 159; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 27, 29 (diagnosis; synonymy ).—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 37 (Inagua and New Providence, Bahamas).—AMERICAN OrniTHoLoaists’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 635. [ Certhiola] bahamensis ScLater and Satyiy, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 16.—Barrp, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611.—Batirp, Brewer, and Rripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. Clerthiola] bahamensis Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 317.—Ripeway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis); Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 480. Cereba bahamensis AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Suppl. to Code and Check List, 1889, 23; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 635.—Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 37 (synonymy), 294 (New Providence), 295 (Berry Islands), 296 (Bimini), 297 (Caicas; Inagua), 298 (Abaco), 350 (Gt. Bahama, Abaco), 351 (Eleu- thera, Inagua); ix, 1892, 48 (Maraguna; Watlings I.), 49 (Inagua); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 127 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bimini, Berry, Eleu- thera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, Great Exuma, Concepcion, Watlings, Rum Cay, Long, Green Cay, Maraguna, N. Caicos, Grand Caicos, E. Caicos, Little Inagua and Great Inagua islands, Bahamas) .— Norturop, Auk, viii, 1891, 70 (Andros I.).—Ripaway, Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco), 335 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera; San Salvador), 337 (Wat- lings I.), 888 (Rum Cay; Green Cay), 339 (Concepcion). CLereba] bahamensis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 480. Certhiola bairdii CaBANts, Journ fiir Orn., xiii, Noy., 1865 (pub. Jan., 1866), 412 (Indian Key, Florida; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—SunprEva.i, Céfy. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (monogr. ). [ Certhiola] bairdi Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 120, no. 1506. 404 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CGEREBA CABOTI (Baird). COZUMEL BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. bahamensis, but black loral streak broader (at least as wide as the white above it) and continued backward broadly beneath eye; white superciliary streak much narrower; white of throat extended over only upper part of chest; yellow of breast continued backward over flanks, and even tinging anal region and lower tail-coverts; yel- low of rump tinged with olive, upper parts in general averaging some- what darker, and white tips to lateral rectrices much smaller (that on outermost rectrix not more than 7.6 long, usually much less) and mostly confined to inner web. Adult male.—Length (skins), 108-121.9 (113.8); wing, 60. 7-63 (61.7); tail, 40.6-42.4 (41.4); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.7 (14.5); tarsus, 17.8— 18.5 (18.3); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (11.9).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 105.2-112 (108.7); wing, 55.9-58.7 (57.7); tail, 35.1-88.6 (86.8); exposed culmen, 13.7-14.2 (14); tarsus, 17.5-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-11.9 (11.7).” Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. Certhiola caboti ‘‘ Baird (MS.)’’ Fryscu, Vehr. k. k. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 790, note (nomen nudwm).—Barrp, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 18738, 612 (Cozumel Island, Yucatan; coll. Dr. S. Cabot); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427; iii, 1874, 508.—Satvin, Ibis, 1874, 327 (crit.).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 251, pl. 15a, fig. 4.—Ripa@way, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy), 564 (crit.).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 38. [Certhiola] caboti Barrp, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 611 (Cozumel Island, Yuca- tan; coll. Dr. S. Cabot, jr.). C[erthiola] caboti Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis) ; Man. N. Am. Birds, 1886, 480. CLereba] caboti Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 41.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 480. CGEREBA SHARPEI Cory. SHARPE’S BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. cabotc, but smaller, with larger bill and longer toes; superciliary stripe, malar region, chin, and throat pale smoke gray instead of grayish white, the first much broader and the color of the last extending over the upper chest; yellow of rump more restricted and decidedly more tinged with olive; white tips to lateral rectrices much larger (10.2-12.7 in extent on outermost rectrix) and involving both webs. Adult male.—Length (skins), 109.5-117.9 (112.5); wing, 57.9-64.3 (61.2); tail, 88.9-44.5 (41.9); exposed culmen, 14.5-15.5 (15); tarsus, - 17.8-19.8 (19.1); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (12.2).* (No females seen.) ‘Seven specimens. * Five specimens, *Six specimens, * BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 405 Islands of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac,' Greater Antilles (south of Cuba). Certhiola sharpei Cory, Auk, iii, Oct., 1886, 497 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory), 501 (do.); v, 1888, 157 (do.); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman; Cayman Brac); Birds West Indies, 1889, 288.—Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 574 (Grand Cayman). Cereba sharpei Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 37 (Grand Cayman; Little Cayman; Cayman Brac); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 129, 154 (do.). CCEREBA TRICOLOR (Ridgway). OLD PROVIDENCE BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. cabot?, but larger (except bill and toes), white at base of primaries more extended, white tips to lateral rectrices much larger (about 12.7 long on outermost rectrix) and including both webs, black on lores and beneath eyes much narrower, and white superciliary stripe much broader; in the last two characters agreeing with C. bahamensis. Adult male.— Above dull black, including the whole of the exposed portion of the tertials and secondaries; a broad and very distinct superciliary stripe of pure white, extending from the nostrils to the occiput; primaries with a large basal spot of white, extending for about 10.2 mm. beyond the ends of the coverts; basal half of inner web of all the secondaries pure white; three outermost rectrices broadly tipped with white; lower half of rump lemon yellow; broad band on side of head, involving lores and auriculars, and passing beneath but not above the eye, black, this band much narrower anteriorly, and gradually widening posteriorly, where confluent with the black of the nape; a small black line along the lower edge of the rictus; chin, throat, chest and cheeks uniform grayish white; whole breast and upper part of abdomen lemon yellow, changing to olive-gray on the flanks and dull yellowish white on anal region and under tail-coverts; under wing-coverts pure white, the bend bright yellow; bill deep black; feet dusky. Length (skin), 115.6; wing, 65.5-65.8; tail, 45.2- 47; culmen, 13.7-14.2; depth of bill at base, 5.1; tarsus, 19.6; middle Boe. 117," Young.—Above dull grayish brown, the back indistinctly clouded with dusky, the forehead mostly dull black (new feathers); rump, dingy olive-yellow; an indistinct superciliary stripe of pale dingy yellow, becoming nearly white anteriorly; a narrow loral stripe of 'The single specimen examined from Cayman Brae is obviously different in colora- tion from the five Grand Cayman examples, being much browner (deep hair brown) above, and the yellow of breast and rump inclining more to chrome; but to what extent these differences are due to difference of season (the Cayman Brac specimen was collected in March, those from Grand Cayman in May and July) it is of course impossible to tell without a sufficient series. “Two specimens. 406 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dusky passing beneath the eye, but changing to dull grayish brown, and continuing, broadly, over the auriculars to the nape; lower parts dingy olive-yellow, brighter on the breast and upper part of abdomen; anal region and under tail-coverts pale buffy yellowish; lining of wing pure white, changing to yellow along the edge of the wing; wing speculum smaller than in the adult, but still very conspicuous. Island of Old Providence (and St. Andrews?), Caribbean Sea. erthiola tricolor Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vii, July 29, 1884, 178 (island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy ).—Sc.Larer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 38.—Cory, Auk, iv, 1887, 180 (Old Providence). C[erthiola] tricolor Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 27 (diagnosis). (?) Certhiola tricolor Cory, Auk, iv, 1889, 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea). CLereba] tricolor Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40. CG@EREBA LUTEOLA (Cabanis). TOBAGO BANANAQUIT. Adults (sexes alike).—Upper parts plain sooty black, relieved by a white superciliary stripe (extending from nostril to occiput), a white spot (of variable extent) at base of six or seven outermost primaries (except the outermost), and a large patch of clear lemon yellow cover- ing rump; primaries narrowly edged with light grayish; inner webs of two lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white (about 7.6 long on outermost); loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of neck sooty black, like upper parts; malar region, chin, and throat uniform gray (no. 6, or between no. 5 and no. 6'); rest of under parts lemon yellow (sometimes tinged with or inclining to saffron yellow on chest), becoming paler on abdomen and passing on flanks into yellowish gray or olive, the under tail-coverts white; bill black; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 84.6-115.1 (100.8); wing, 52.8-62.7 (57.2); tail, 29-41.1 (383.8); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (13); tarsus, 16.3-17.8 (17); middle toe, 10.7—-11.4 (10.9).? ‘See Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, pl. 2. * Twelve specimens, mostly males. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. | ea Tarsus. Miede culmen. ; Onevadultirom:- Bogota, Colombia ~.--5...--.2.2-5-42 4-2 eae | 54.9] 33.8 Lae | ace toe ose Two adult males from Santa Marta, Colombia --.........-... | 7.7 38.4 12.4 Az 10.9 Two adults (one male) from Venezuela..............------- 56.6 | 36.6 13.2 17.3 10.9 One adult male from Margarita Island, Venezuela .......-. 52.8 | 29 11.9 16.3 10.7 Three'adultstrom Trinidad... ...---.-- 2. eee once see aoe 57.2 36.1 13.2 | 17 10.7 Two:adult: males from “Tobago =-2-2. soe oe sae alse seen ee cee 59.4 Sie 13.7 Litas 11.4 One adult female from Tobago.........--------------------- 56.9 | 32.8 {Siena 10.7 The specimen from Bogota is exactly intermediate in coloration between C. luteola BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 407 Caribbean coast district of Colombia and Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago; Grenada.' Cereba flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) VierLiot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 611, part (description; see Finsch, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 767). Certhiola flaveola HaArtLAvs, Isis, 1847, 612 (Trinidad )—SciarTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (Tobago).—Lkroraun, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 126. C[erthiola] luteola CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 96 (Puerto Cabello and Cumana, Venezuela; Catagena, Colombia; coll. Berlin Mus.; ex Nectarinia luteola Lichtenstein, manuscript).—Rercuensacn, Handb., ii, 1853, 251, pl. 561, fig. 8822.—LicuTenstErn, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 56. Certhiola luteola Bonapartrr, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259.—Scuarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53, part (Trinidad); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 40 (Santa Marta and Valle Dupar, Colombia; Carupano, Venezuela; Trini- dad).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271.—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad ).—SciarEer and Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1866, 179; 1868, 167 (Venezuela).—SunpEVALL, C#fy. k. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (monogr. ).—Finscn, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 561 (Trinidad); Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 767 (monogr.).—Wyart, Ibis, 1871, 324.—Satyin and Gopman, Ibis, 1880, 119 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—Berr- LEPSCH, Ibis, 1884, 432 (Angostura, Venezuela).—Ripa@way, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vili, 1885, 29 (synonymy). [ Certhiola] luteola ScuateR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16.—Bairp, Am. Nat:, vii, 1873, 611 (monogr.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427. C[erthiola] luteola Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba luteola Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 38 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; Tobago; Trinidad; Venezuela; n. coast Colombia); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 116, 154.— CuapMaN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 25 (Trinidad; habits; deser. nest ).—Roprinson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 685 (La Guayra, Ven- ezuela).—RicHMmonD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 679 (Margarita I., Venezuela).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—Srone, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 313 (near Cartagena, Colombia). and C. mexicana. It probably represents the form described by Salvadori and Festa, under the name Certhiola intermedia, the synonymy of which is as follows: Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1858, 452 (Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53, part (do.). Certhiola mexicana (not of Sclater, 1856) Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 38, part (Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador). (?) Certhiola peruviana CaBants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 413. [ Certhiola] peruviana Batrp, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 613; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428. Certhiola intermedia Satvaport and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 307, Aug., 1899, 13 (Valle del Zamora and Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador; coll. Turin Mus.?). ‘I give Grenada for the species on the authority of Mr. Cory. The only example of Cereba from that island in the National Museum collection, except the uniformly black C. wellsi Cory, is apparently C. saccharina; at lea-t it agrees fairly well with our single example of that form, and is conspicuously different from C. luteola in its very dark (blackish slate) throat, yellowish olive (instead of clear yellow) rump, and brownish slaty (instead of sooty black) back. I have referred it, provisionally, to C. saccharina. 408 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (?) CLerthiola] major Casanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 97, footnote! (‘‘Guiana;’’ location of type not mentioned).—RerrcHEenBacn, Handb., ii, 1853, 282 (Guiana).—-BoNAPARTE, Seger Rend., xxxvili, 1854, 259.—BuRMEISTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 156.—SunpEvaLi, Géfy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 622 see ie (?) [ Certhiola] major GRAY, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1502. (?) [Certhiola] minor eaten Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 259 (locality not given; coll. Paris Mus.); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 51.—SuNDEvVALL, (Efv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.).—Frnscu, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 790, footnote. Certhiola godmani Cory, Auk, vi, July, 1889, 219 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory). CCEREBA CERINOCLUNIS Bangs. SAN MIGUEL BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. Juteola, but throat paler gray (much as in C. mexicana), rump less purely yellow and white tips to lateral rectrices much smaller; similar to C. mexicana in color of throat, but upper parts sooty black (as in C. uteola), white wing-spot large and conspicuous (as in C. luteola), lower rump brighter yellowish, and under parts brighter yellow. Adults (sexes alike).—Above plain sooty black, the rump olive- yellow becoming purer yellow below; a large and conspicuous spot of white at base of four or five primaries next to the outermost; inner webs of lateral rectrices tipped with white for about 2.5-5.1 in males, much less (sometimes a mere edging) in females; a broad white super- ciliary stripe, extending from nostril to end of auricular region, or beyond; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of neck sooty black; malar region, chin, and throat gray (about the same tone as in C. mexicana);* rest of under parts bright lemon yellow (rather lighter than in C. duteola, but brighter than in C. mexicana), slightly tinged with olive laterally, especially on flanks; under tail-coverts whitish with basal (concealed) portion gray; bill black; legs and feet dusky (in dried skin). 1 This seems to be an intermediate between C. /uteola and C. chloropyga, but nearer the former. Another step toward the latter, apparently, is Cabanis’s C[erthiola] guianensis (Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 97). Should these really be intermediates, as sug- gested, then intergradation between C. mexicana, C. luteola, and C. chloropyga may be considered as proven, thus reducing these three to the rank of subspecies, whose names would be as follows: Cereba chloropyga chloropyga (Lichtenstein), Coreba chloropyga luteola (Cabanis), and Cereba chloropyga mexicana (Selater). Should it be considered advisable to recognize by name intermediate or connecting forms, these should stand as Cwreba chloropyga guianensis (Cabanis), Cereba chloropyga major (Cabanis), Cereba chloropyga intermedia (Salvadori and Festa), and Cereba chloropyga peruviana (Cabanis)—the last intermediate between C. chloropyga chloro- pyga and C. chloropyga mexicana. Whether a Cereba chloropyga magnirostris (Tacza- nowski) should be recognized remains to be determined (Certhiola magnirostris Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 193; Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 441). * Gray no. 6 or no. 7 of Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors. flee i at li lk Ne i i il Bl Ba el eee, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 409 Adult male.—Length (skins), 99.1; wing, 58.9-59.7 (59.2); tail, 35.6-88. 1 (86.8); exposed culmen (one specimen), 12.2; tarsus, 16.3-16.5; middle toe, 10.4-10.9 (10.7)." Adult female.—Length (skin), 91.4; wing, 52.6; tail, 31; exposed culmen, 12.4; tarsus, 15.2; middle toe, 9.7.” Island of San Maouel Bay of Panama, Colombia. Cereba mexicana columbiana (not Certhiola columbiana Cabanis) Banas, Auk, xviii, Jan., 1901, 30 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama). Cereba cerinoclunis Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, Feb. 8, 1901, 52 (San Miguel I., Bay of Panama; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). CGZEREBA MEXICANA (Sclater). MEXICAN BANANAQUIT, Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum uniform sooty blackish, margined on each side by a superciliary stripe of white, extending from nostril to occiput; hindneck, back, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts plain gray- ish olive, the wings and tail similar but slightly darker, with grayish olive edgings; outer webs of four or five outermost primaries white at base, usually showing as a spot, sometimes of considerable extent, beyond tips of primary-coverts, sometimes wholly concealed by the latter; inner webs of lateral rectrices tipped with white, forming on the outermost a spot of variable size; rump olive-yellow, or light yellow- ish olive-green; loral and auricular regions dusky or sooty, forming a broad stripe on sides of head; malar region, chin, and throat uniform light gray (no. 6 or no. 7);* rest of under parts lemon yellow, more or less tinged with olive, especially on sides, the flanks light yellowish olive, the under tail-coverts dull whitish with pale grayish concealed bases; under wing-coverts white, the edge of wing pale yellow; bill blackish, the amelilc usually more or less brownish basally; legs and feet ae horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 79.2-98.3 (90.4); wing, 51.3-59.9 (55.1); tail, 25.1-36.1 (31.8); eee culmen, 11.7-14 (13.2); tarsus, 15.7-17.3 (16.3); miadle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).* 1Two specimens. 2 One specimen. 3 Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, pl. 2. + Twenty-three specimens. Unfortunately so few of these have the sex determined that I am not able to give measurements of the sexes separately. Average measurements according to locality are as follows: | | | | | | Locality. Wing. | Tail. | suaea Tarsus. ee | ic ulmen. | | ‘ HOUTA Its rome Mex COmss cee cae cnimieme aeisere rs slelviaselemte siecle 55.6 33.5 | 12.4 | 16.3 10.7 Sixca@ultssromi Gu aterm sd) Mercer eeecsreeercrceeiselces saci ili-le 54.9 31.8 Bao | 16.3 10.7 Eight adults from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama..... 54.1 30.7 DSH 16.3 11.4 Five adults from Colombia (Bogota)..-.........---.--.----- 56.1 32.5 12.7 16.8 10.9 410 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young.—Above plain olive, darker on pileum, paler posteriorly, the lower rump pale yellowish olive-green or olive-yellowish; an indis- tinct superciliary stripe of pale yellowish olive; under parts, including throat, olive-yellow, paler on lower abdomen and under tail-coverts, the latter inclining to pale buffy. Southern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, ete.) through Cen- tral America and Pacific coast of northern South America to Ecuador. * Certhiola mexicana SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 286 (s. Mexico )?; 1859, 364 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 376 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54 (Jalapa; Choctum, Guatemala); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 58, part (Jalapa; Choctum; Turrialba, Costa Rica; Bugaba and Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua; Lion Hill and Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Gorgona I., Bogota and Medellin, Colombia; Quito, Intaj, and Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador).— Savin, Ibis, 1861, 352 (Choctum, Guatemala); (?) Novit. Zool., ii, 1895, 4 (Cajamaica, ete., Peru, 5,500-9,200 ft.).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 (monogr.).—ScLatTer and Sarvyin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 349 (Panama R. R.); 1879, 497 (Antioquia, Colombia).—LawreEncr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 98 (Turrialba and Atenas, Costa Rica).—FRANTZzIUs, Journ. ftir Orn., 1869, 297 (Costa Rica).—SuNDEVALL, (£fy. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockholm, 1869, 622, 623 (monogr. ).—Fryscu, Verh. K. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 772 (monogr.)—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1888, 250, part.—Brruepscu and TaczaNnowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 543 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador; crit. ).—BrrvEpscu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1884, 288 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). [ Certhiola] mevicana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1500.—ScLarerR and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 17.—Batrp, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428. C[erthiola] mexicana Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 480. [ Certhiola mexicana] a. mexicana Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 27, 28 (diagnosis; synonymy). Cereba mexicana ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 108 (Naranjo de Cartago; Volcan de Barba).—RicHMmonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 488 (Greytown, Nicaragua; Rio Frio, Costa Rica).—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 28 (Loma del Leon, Panama R. R.). CLereba] mexicana Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 41.—Rmeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 480. Certhiola luteola (not of Cabanis) Sciater, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, 38 (Bogota, Colombia); 1858, 452 (Ecuador); 1860, 83, 292 (do.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 53, part (Nanegal and Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador; Bogota, Colom- bia).—LawreEncg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 291 (Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 137 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 185 (Bugaba and Cordillera del Chuca, Veragua).—(?) Scia- TER and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 260 (upper and lower Ucayali; e. Peru). [ Certhiola] luteola Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1499 (Ecuador). 'T have not seen specimens from western Ecuador, but several authorities agree in considering them not separable from true C. mexicana. I have not been able to substantiate, by recent careful comparison, alleged differences between Colombian examples and those from southern Mexico, Guatemala, ete. 2Type locality probably Cordova, Vera Cruz. ee i BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Ai] Certhiola columbiana CABANts, Journ. fiir Orn., xiii, Noy., 1865 (pub. Jan., 1866), 412 (Bogota, Colombia; coll. Berlin Mus.).—Sunpevaui, (fy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.)—Satvaporrand Frsra, Boll- Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 357, 1899, 13 (Gualea, Foreste del Peripa, ete., w. Ecua- dor; crit.). [Certhiola] columbiana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1507. Certhiola mexicana columbiana Brrierscn, Journ. flr Orn., xxxii, April, 1884, 276 (Bucaramanga, Colombia). [ Certhiola mexicana] . columbiana Rrpaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, Apr. 20, 1885, 27, 29 (diagnosis: synonymy). Clereba] mexicana columbiana Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 41. CQZREBA BANANIVORA (Gmelin). HAITIAN BANANAQUIT, Similar te C. mexicana, but throat decidedly darker, rump clear yel- low (abruptly defined anteriorly), white wing-spot much larger, and bill much smaller. Adult (sexes alike).—Pileum dark sooty brown (clove brown or very dark sepia); rest of upper parts (except rump) similar but more or less distinctly paler; lower rump canary yellow, forming an abruptly defined broad band or transverse patch; a white patch at base of four or five primaries next to the outermost; inner webs of lateral rectrices more or less broadly tipped with white (this sometimes 6.3 in extent on outermost rectrix); a white superciliary stripe, extending from nostril to end of auricular region; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions dark sooty brown, like pileum; malar region, chin, and throat uniform mouse gray or brownish slate-gray; chest, breast, and upper abdomen lemon or gamboge yellow, changing on flanks into yellowish olive-gray and on lower abdomen into pale yellow, the under tail- coverts white or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portions brownish gray; bill blackish; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn color. Young.—Above plain brownish olive, including pileum and rump, the latter scarcely, if at all, tinged with yellow; superciliary stripe narrow and indistinct, pale dirty yellowish instead of white; under parts, including throat, pale dull yellowish, more or less tinged with olive, especially on chest, sides, and flanks, deepest on the first; breast and abdomen more or less tinged or mixed with brighter yellow. Adult male.—Length (skin), 95.5; wing, 57.2; tail, 36.3; exposed culmen, 12.2; tarsus, 16.5; middle toe, 10.2.' Adult female.—WLength (skins), 92.7-96.5 (94.7); wing, 53.6-56.4 (55.1); tail, 31.5-35.6 (33.5); exposed culmen, 11.9; tarsus, 15.2-16.8 (16); middle toe, 10.2-11.2 (10.7).” Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. 1One specimen. 2 Two specimens. 412 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ Motacilla] bananivora GMELIN, Syst. Nat. i, pt. ii, 1788, 951 (St. Domingo; based on Bananiste Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 332; Banana Warbler Latham, Synop. Birds, ii, pt. ii, 498). : Certhiola bananivora Bry ant, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xi, 1865, 95 (Santo Domingo ).— Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).—Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 41, pl. [21] fig. 1; List Birds W. I., 1885, 9; Auk, ili, 1886, 49; Birds W. I., 1889, 63.—Scuiater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 40 (Samana, Santo Domingo). [ Certhiola] bananivora Barry, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611 (monogr.); in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427. Clerthiola] bananivora Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba bananivora Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 38; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 131.—CHeEeERIg, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 12. Certhiola clusie HartitAus, Naumannia, li, Heft. 2, 1852, 56 (nomen nudum; ex Herz von Wurtemburg, manuscript).—Fryscn, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, xxi, 1871, 771 (monogr. ). [ Certhiola] clusiw ScuaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17. Certhiola clucie Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151. Certhia luteola var. B. Brcustrern, Lath. Ueb., i, 1793, 602 (based on Bananiste Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 332). Certhiola ? SciaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 233 (Haiti). CCGEREBA PORTORICENSIS (Bryant). PORTO RICAN BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. banandvora, but larger; upper parts darker and less brownish; throat clearer slate-gray; white tips to inner webs of lateral rectrices much larger, and white wing-patch more truncated posteriorly. Adults (sexes alike).—Above plain sooty blackish or very dark sooty olive, the rump (abruptly) canary yellow, sometimes tinged with olive; a white patch at base of four or five primaries next to the outermost; inner webs of lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this 7.6-11.4 in extent on outermost rectrix (on which the white sometimes involves the corresponding part of.outer web also); a conspicuous white super- ciliary stripe, extending from near nostril to end of auricular region; Joral, suborbital, and auricular regions sooty blackish, like pileum, etc.; malar region (except anterior point, which is blackish), chin and throat uniform clear slate-gray; chest, breast, and upper abdomen lemon yellow, fading into pale yellow on lower abdomen, the under tail-coverts white, or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portion slate-gray; flanks yellowish gray, or light grayish olive tinged with yellow; bill black, the basal portion of mandible sometimes brownish; legs and feet dusky or grayish black (in dried skins). Young.—Above plain olive, the rump paler and tinged with brownish yellow; primaries and rectrices marked with white as in adults; super- ciliary stripe indistinct, mixed yellowish and light olive; malar region, chin, and throat olive-yellowish indistinctly flecked with olive; rest of under parts olive-yellow, brightest on chest, paler and more olivaceous posteriorly, the under tail-coverts pale yellowish with basal (concealed) portion deep brownish gray. ee i ee a ew edie iretietihh tei ® BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Adult mate. 413 Length (skins), 99.6-124.7 (107.2); wing, 54.4-61.5 (58.9); tail, 35.8-41.9 (39.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-15 (14); tarsus, 15.7-17.8 (17); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.2).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 96.3-105.2 (100.3); wing, 53.6-55.9 (54.9); tail, 35.1-387.6 (36.1); exposed culmen, 13.2-15 (14); tarsus, 16-17.5 (16.8); middle toe, 9.7-11.2 (10.4).” Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Anegada, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, St. Thomas, and St. Johns, Greater Antilles.* Cereba flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) VierLuot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 611, part (Porto Rico). Nectarinia flaveola Moritz, Wiegmann’s Archiv. fir Naturg., ii, 1856, 387. Certhiola flaveola ScuatTER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (St. Thomas).—Cassrn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 (St. Thomas).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 166 (Porto Rico). Certhiola (from St. Thomas) Nrewron, Ibis, 1859, 68. Certhiola flaveola. Var. portoricensis BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, Jan., 1866, 252 (Porto Rico; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Journ. fur Orn., 1866, 185.— Newton, Zool. Rec., 1866, 88. Certhiola portoricensis SUNDEVALL, CBfy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 598, 622 (monogr.).—Finscu, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 760 (monogr.).—Gunp.acu, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1874, 312 (Porto Rico); 1878, 179 (do:); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 216 (do.).—Ripe@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vii, 1884, 172 (St. Thomas); viii, 1885, 29 (synonymy). Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 48 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas); Birds W. I., 1889, 62 (do. ).—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 41 (Porto Rico). [ Certhiola] portoricensis SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1875, 16 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas).—Barrp, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427 (do.).—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas). Clerthiola] portoricensis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba portoricensis Cory, Auk, vii, Oct., 1890, 347 (St. Thomas), 375 (Tortola; Virgin Gorda); viii, 1891, 38 (Porto Rico; Culebra; Anegada; Tortola; Vir- gin Gorda; St. Thomas; St. John); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 116 (do.). ' Twelve specimens. * Fight specimens. Specimens from different islands average as follows: : : ai] |Exposed Locality. Wing. | Tail. enlanant Tarsus. MALES. Sixcadmlismalestromu POLO RICO aac a. ss eens eres aoe ese | 59,4 38.1 14.2 17.5 SiXeA CUM ales frOU VACQUES src anc isieietes coe meses \anisicie)=isieine Oca 40.1 14 16.8 One wmdnltanaledtromi StsJONNS}tsa- eens cece cence ciciacinne 59.4 40.1 14 18 FEMALES. Sixeagult females! from: Porto RiCO:- 2. s2-.+cceces seecece-s= 55.1 36.1 14.2 16.8 Mwowcuittemales:! from! ViCQUes <. He sees jelnaclesieleiaininceinie ee 55.1 36.1 13.2 16.3 Onemadultitemalefirom StsJonNS) 22-252. -2-sereseee cance cee 52.8 33.8 13.7 16.5 SEX UNDETERMINED. | 57.4 38.9 14.2 16.8 Miveramlbs roms Sts MOM aSces ceric seeeesecatoe ssc meee. = | Middle toe. 11,2 11.2 11.9 10.4 10.4 11.2 10.9 % Only specimens from Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, and St. Johns seen by me. 414 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Certhiola sti. thomae SuNDEVALL, CEfv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (St. Thomas). Certhiola sancti-thome Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Apr. 20, 1885, 28 (St. Thomas, Greater Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Scuarer, Cat. Am. Birds, xi, 1886, 42.—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 48; Birds W. I., 1889, 62. CCQEREBA FLAVEOLA (Linnzus). JAMAICAN BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. portoricensis, but throat much darker, white wing-patch much larger and continued along edges of primaries, breast duller (more brownish) yellow, and color of back, ete., still blacker. Adults (sexes alike).—Upper parts (except rump) black or sooty black; rump (abruptly) clear lemon yellow; a large white patch at base of five or six outermost primaries, the white extending for a consider- able distance along edges of the quills; lateral ae very broadly tipped with white (on both webs), the white 7.6-12.7 in extent on out- ermost rectrix; a broad superciliary stripe of ee extending from nostril to end of auricular region; loral, suborbital and auricular regions black; malar region, chin, throat, and upper chest blackish slate; breast brownish yellow or wax yellow, the rest of under parts lemon yellow, becoming paler posteriorly, the under tail-coverts white or yellowish white, with basal (concealed) portion slaty; bill black, usually becoming somewhat horn colored basally; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 93-99.3 (95.8); wing, 54.4-57.4 (56.1); tail, 33.3-37.8 (35.8); exposed culmen, 11.9-13.5 (12.4); tarsus, 16-16.5 (16.3); middle toe, 9.7-10.9 (10.4)." Adult female.—Length (skin), 100.6; wing, 59.9; tail, 38.1; exposed culmen, 12.7; tarsus, 16.5; middle toe, 9.9.’ Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. [Certhia] flaveola Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 119 (based on Lwuscinia s. Philomela e fusco et luteo varia Sloane, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 307, pl. 259, fig. 3; Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, iii, pl. 122, up. fig.; Black and Yellow Creeper Edwards, Gleanings, pl. 362, fig. 3); ed. 12, i, 1766, 187 (excl. var. 6) .— GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479 (excl. vars. 6, »).—Lataam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 297 (excl. var.).—Brcustern, Lath. Uebers., iv, 1793, 188 (excl. var. ). [ Certhia flaveola| 2 GmeEuin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 479, part. [ Certhia] flaveola LarnHam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 297, part; Gen. Hist. Birds, iv, 1822, 283 (excl. vars. 6, vy, and 0). Certhia flaveola Denny, Proce. Zool. Soe. London, 1847, 39. Coereba flaveola VixILiot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 70; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 611, (excl. var., part).—Cory, Auk, vili, Jan., 1891, 38.—Scort, ae es eae 339 (crit. ). Cleiaeta peo Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102, part. ! Four specimens. ?One specimen. dade, — PRP yr ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. A Certhiola flaveola Gossk, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 84; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 16.—Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxvili, 1854, 259.—ReicnEenspacn, Handb., ii, 1853, 250, pl. 561, fig. 3823.—BurmetstErR, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 156.—ScuLaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, 73; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (Jamaica); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 43.—ALBrecut, Journ. fiir. Orn., 1862, 196.—Makcu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.—Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271.—NerwtTon, Zool. Record, 1864, 76.— CaBanis, Journ. fur. Orn., 1865, 412.—SuNpDEVALL, CEfv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., 1869, 621 (monogr.).—Frinscn, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gessellsch. Wien, 1871, 756 (monogr.).—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy ).—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 50; Birds W. J., 1889, 64. [Certhiola] flaveola BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 402, part.—Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1497.—ScuaTER and Saxvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16.— Batrp, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 610; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. f Clerthiola] flaveola Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 103—Rineway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba flaviola Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 130. CCGEREBA SACCHARINA (Lawrence). ST, VINCENT BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. duteola but back, ete., dusky brownish slate instead of black, rump light yellowish olive or olive-yellowish instead of clear lemon yellow, white superciliary stripe much broader (especially anteriorly), and throat dark slate or blackish slate instead of slate- gray. Adult (sexes alike).—Pileum uniform sooty black, margined on each side by a broad superciliary stripe of pure white, extending from nostril to sides of occiput; rest of upper parts plain dusky brownish slate, the rump light yellowish olive or olive-yellowish (as in C. chloro- pyga); a white spot at base of longer primaries; inner webs of three outermost rectrices broadly tipped with white (about 5.8—7.1 in extent on lateral rectrix); loral, suborbital, and auricular regions and sides of neck sooty black, like pileum; malar region, chin, and throat uniform dark slate or blackish slate; rest of under parts lemon yellow, more or less tinged with olive, especially on sides, the flanks yellowish olive- gray, the under tail-coverts dull white; axillars and under wing-coverts dull white; bill black; legs and feet dusky brownish (in dried skins). Adult female.—Length (skins), 102.1-115.3 (108.7); wing, 55.6-56.6 (56.1); tail, 34.3-34.8 (84.5); exposed culmen, 12.2-13.5 (12.7); tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 10.9-11.2. } Islands of St. Vincent and Grenada,? Lesser Antilles. 'Two specimens; one from St. Vincent, the other from Grenada. * With only a single specimen each from St. Vincent and Grenada, Iam not able to judge whether the birds from the two islands really differ or not. Both specimens are marked ‘‘?,’’ but that from St. Vincent with an interrogation point. The 416 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Certhiola saccharina Lawrencr, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, June, 1878, 151 (St. Vin- cent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 190, 487 (St. Vincent).—Ripeway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30, (synonymy; St. Vincent; ‘‘Grenada’’).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 50 (St. Vin- cent; ‘‘Grenada’’); Birds W. I., 1889, 64 (do.).—ScuarEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 42 (St. Vincent; ‘‘Grenada’’).—WELLs, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 613 (not in Grenada, but on islands immediately northward—lIle de Rhonde, Carriacou, ete. ). C[erthiola] saccharina Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis), [ Certhiola] saccharina Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. Cereba saccharina Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 39 (St. Vincent); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 134 (do.). CCEREBA NEWTONI (Baird). ST, CROIX BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. flaveola, but white wing-patch truncated posteriorly, yellow of rump tinged with olive, and tarsus longer and stouter. This form I have not seen. According to a manuscript description of Professor Baird’s, it ‘‘ has a tinge of ochraceous in the yellow of the breast, as in the Jamaican bird [ C. flaveola], and like it the throat, though rather lighter, is so dark as not to present any contrast with the black of the cheeks. The rump is more olivaceous-green, not yellow. The white patch at base of primaries is quadrate, as in the St. Thomas bird [ C. portoricensis|, without involving the outer webs.’ The legs are stouter than in either, the tarsus decidedly longer (17.8 in six specimens). In one specimen the white of superciliary stripe is confluent across the forehead, but not in the others. Young specimens have this stripe yellow, white behind, the throat feathers edged with olivaceous-green.” Professor Baird gives the measurements of No. 39380, male adult (no longer to be found in the National Museum collection), as follows: Length (skin), 109.2; wing, 63.5; tail, 44.5;” exposed culmen, 16.8; tarsus, 17.8; middle toe, 9.9. measurements differ somewhat, as may be seen below, though not more than do specimens of one form, in other cases, from the same island. In coloration they are closely alike except the back and wings, which in the St. Vincent specimen are blacker and less brown than in the Grenada example. The latter is clearly not C. luteola, the only yellow-breasted species accredited to Grenada by Mr. Cory, and if not C. saccharina is unquestionably most nearly related to the latter form. The two specimens compare in measurements as follows: Ex- . Locality. Wing.| Tail. | posed | Tarsus. mide culmen. 3 Adult female (2?) fromuSt; Vincentss-scceccaseeaeetee ce mares 55.6 34.3 13.5 17.8 11.2 Adult. female-from: Grenada a-s2- 2 sete nsec ssa wioeiee eens 56.6 34.8 12.2 17.8 10.9 ‘Doubtless the edges of the outer webs are meant. * Probably measured from base of coceyx. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 417 Island of St. Croix, Greater Antilles. Certhiola flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) Newron (A.and E.), Ibis, 1859, 67, pl. 12, fig. 3, egg (St. Croix).—Sciater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54, part (St. Croix). —SUNDEVALL, Céfv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 623, part (St. Croix). [ Certhiola] newtoni Barro, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 611 (St. Croix, Greater Antil- les; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 427.—Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. Certhiola newtont Baird, BrEewer,and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 1874, 508.—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vill, 1885, 30 (synonymy ).—ScLaTEr, Cat. Birds Br.t. Mus., xi, 1886, 43.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 51; Birds W. I 1889, 65. C[erthiola] newton Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba newtoni Cory, Auk, vili, Jan., 1891, 39, 48; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, LAGE 1322 Certhiola bartolemica (not Certhia bartolemica Sparrmann) Frxscu, Verh. k. k. z0ol.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 7638, part (St. Croix ). [ Certhiola] bartolemica ScLaTer and Sarvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 16, part (St. Croix). [ Certhiola] bartholemica Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9, part (St. Croix). “9, CGEREBA DOMINICANA (Taylor). DOMINICAN BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. portoricensis, but throat much darker (much as in ( flaveola); yellow rump-patch absent, the lower rump being merely tinged with yellowish olive-green or olive-yellawish; white wing-spot obsolete or altogether wanting; general color of upper parts not so dark (on average), and white superciliary stripe narrower. Adults (sewes alike). —Upper parts plain sooty olive, nearly black on pileum, the back, etc., sometimes inclining to sooty slate, the lower rump more or less strongly tinged with yellowish olive-green or olive- yellowish, but without a well-defined patch of this color; base of primaries without any white patch, or with a very minute one, the white barely showing beyond tips of primary coverts; inner webs of lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this 6.3-10.2 long on outer- most rectrix; a rather narrow superciliary stripe of white (partly yellow in younger birds) extending from sides of forehead to end of auricular region, the forehead also sometimes white or grayish;* loral, suborbital, and auricular regions sooty blackish; malar region, chin, and throat uniform slate color; rest of under parts lemon yellow, becoming paler and duller posteriorly, the under tail-coverts whitish, the flanks light olive-grayish tinged with yellow; bill black; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 103.6-121.4 (113.8); wing, 55.4-63.2 (58.9); tail, 38.1-42.7 (40.1); exposed culmen, 13-15 (14); tarsus, 17.3-19.8 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-12.2 (11.4).’ 1The superciliary stripe sometimes becomes obsolete anteriorly. 2 Nine specimens. 8654—VvoL 2—01—27 418 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Length (skins), 105.4-121.9 (112); wing, 53.8-58.4 (56.9); tail, 38.1-40.1 (39.4); exposed culmen, 13.2-14 (13.5); tarsus, 16.8-18.3 (17); middle toe, 10.7-12.4 (11.4).' Jslands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, Nevis, Barbuda, and Antigua (also Anguilla, Marie Galante, Desirade, St. Christopher, and Mont- serrat?”), Lesser Antilles. Certhiolu dominicana Taytor, Ibis, lst ser., vi, Apr., 1864, 167 (Dominica, Lesser Antilles; coll. P. L. Sclater).—Newron, Zool. Rec., 1864, 76.—SuNDEVALL, (ify. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 623 (monogr. ).—Fixscn, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 787 (monogr.).—LAWRENCE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878, 56 (Dominica; descr. nest and eggs), 233 (Antigua), 239 (Barbuda); i, 1879, 455 (Guadeloupe; crit.).—Sciarer, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, 765 (Montserrat); 1889, 326 (Dominica) ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x1, 1886, 44, pl. 5, fig. 2 (Dominica; Montserrat; Antigua; Barbuda).—Gnris- DALE, Ibis, 1882, 486 (Montserrat ).—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 51; Birds W. I., 1889, 65. ean vy, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1505. —ScLarerand Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 17.—Bairp, Am. Nat., vil, 1873, 612 (monogr.); in Hist. N. Am. oe i, 1874, 428.—Cory, List Bins West Indies, 1885, 9 CLerthiola] dominicana Ripaway, Proc. U os Nat. Mus., vili, 1885, 28 (diagno Cereba dominicana Cory, Auk, vii, Oct., 1890, 374 (Anegada); vill, 1891, 39, part (Dominica; Marie Galante; Desirade; Barbuda; St. Christopher; Saba), 47 (Antigua), 48 (St. Christopher), 49 (Guadeloupe). CLewreba] dominicana BertepscH, Journ. fir Orn., 1892, 78, 79, 80, in text. [Certhiola] froutalis Barrp, Am. Nat., vii, eck 1873, 612 (Antigua, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. §. Nat. Mus.); in Hist. AGH Birds, 1, 1874, 428. Certhiola frontalis Barrp, Brewer, and ee Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, 508. Certhiola sundevalli Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vill, Apr. 20, 1885, 26 (Gua- deloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Scuiarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 44 (Dominica; Guadeloupe). Ceereba bartolemica (not Certhia bartolemica Sparrmann) Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 154, part. 1 Four specimens. *Mr. Cory (Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 155) names these islands as inhabited by what he calls C. bartolemica, but since he considers CL dominicana a synonym of that form T can not, in the absence of specimens, be sure as to which they should be referred. Average measurements of specimens from different islands are as follows: Xo Hn : Locality. | Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus.) ee culmen.| oe MALES. BiveaAauit males trom Dominica seco. 2 secretin = see 58.2 40.4 Door 18.5 11.4 Two adult males from Guadeloupe. ..--.:.-2222-c---ase---u- 58.7 38.4 13.5 17.8 ere Oneadaltmaletrom Nevis. .2s2 ase sa. ss eee ee eee eee = 61 42.7 | 15 18.5 11.4 Oneadultmule from Barbuda -2ses--28 225 ee; eeceeeoeecses 60.2 38.6 4 1s 1132 FEMALES. Three adult females from Dominica .......................- 97.9 39.6 | 13.5 17.3 11:7 One‘ adult female from: Barbuds <2s.222. 220 eee ee 53.8 38.1 | T3s2 16.8 10.7 | SEX NOT DETERMINED. | Four adults (one female) from Antigua.............-- Zanes os. 4 38.9 13.7 17.8 Mie BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 419 Cereba bartholemica Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 116, part (St. Christopher; Nevis; Barbuda; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica). CGQZEREBA BARTOLEMICA (Sparrmann). ST. BARTHOLOMEW BANANAQUIT, Similar to C. doménicana, but white wing-spot always (7) present and distinct, white superciliary stripe not extending anterior to eye, and size averaging larger. Adult mate. angth (skins), 105.7-122.9 (114.8); wing, 56.1-61.5 (59.2); tail, 38.4-44.2 (41.4); exposed culmen, 13.7-15 (14.2); tarsus, 17.8-18.5 (18); middle toe, 11.4-12.2 (11.7).’ Adult female.— Length (skin), 101.1; wing, 51.6; tail, 36.3; tarsus, 17.3; middle toe, 11.4.” Islands of St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, Anguilla and Saba, Lesser Antilles. Certhia bartolemica SPARRMANN, Mus. Carls., fase. iii, 1788, pl. 57 (St. Bartholo- mew, Lesser Antilles; coll. Carlson Nii eeuereny: Lath. Uebers., i, 1793, 611. Certhiola bartolemica RetcHENBACH, Handb., 11, 1853, 2538.—SuNDEVALL, Krit. Fram. K. Vet:-Ak. Handl., Bd. 2, no. 3, 1857, 10; Gtiv. K. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., 1869, 622 (monogr.).—Fryscu, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 763 (monogr.).—SciaTerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, 499 (Anguilla). Certhiola bartholemica Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vill, 1885, 30 (references ).— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 50; Birds W.I., 1889, 64.—ScLatTEr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 42. : [ Certhiola] bartolemica SCLATER and Satyvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 16. Cereba bartolemica Cory, Auk, vill, Jan., 1891, 39, 46 (Anguilla); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 154, part (St. Bartholomew ). [ Certhiola] bartholemica Batrp, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 611; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428.—Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. CLerthiola] bartholemica Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vili, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba bartholemica Cory, Cat. W. IL. Birds, 1892, 116, part (St. Bartholomew). CLlerthia] flaveola Becustern, Lath. Uebers., iv, 1811, 188, part (variety ¢). [Certhia faveola] var. C. LArHAM, Gen. Hist. Birds, iv, 1824, 284. Cereba flaveola (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) ViettLtor, Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 611, part (St. Bartholomew ). Clerthiola| flaveola Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 102, part.—Bonaparte, Consp. Av i, 1850, 402, part. =o: ' Four specimens. ? One specimen. Specimens from different islands average in measurements as follows: Ex | Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. ele culmen. | ; One adult male from St. Bartholomew ............-- Sab eee 59.9 44.2 13.7 17.8 12.2 Onemdultimaletirom St: Hustativs= 2. - 22.222 scechse.s. le. 61.5 a OR eee ee 18 11.4 OueradultimalertromSabalece.-snccseen os sae pes cee ieee Nee 56.1 38.4 15 18.5 11.4 420 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CCEREBA BARBADENSIS (Baird). BARBADOS BANANAQUIT. Adults (sexes alike).—Above dark sooty slate color, darkest on pileum, the back more brownish slate; lower rump light yellowish- olive or olive-yellowish; secondaries narrowly margined at ends with pale grayish or dull grayish white; no white spotat base of primaries; lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white on both webs, the white on outermost rectrix about 7.6-8.9 in extent; a white or pale yellow superciliary stripe, broadest anteriorly (on sides of forehead); sides of head below this stripe, sides of neck, chin, upper throat, and sides of lower throat sooty blackish, like pileum; an indistinct rictal streak of grayish; median portion of lower throat white or yellowish white; rest of under parts lemon or gamboge yellow, becoming paler and duller posteriorly, the flanks pale yellowish gray or olive, the lower abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white or yellowish white; bill blackish with tumid rictus pale brownish (flesh color in life?); legs and feet dusky (in dried skins); length (skins), 95-96 (94.2); wing, 55.6-59.4 (57.7); tail, 36.6-40.4 (88.6); exposed culmen, 12.2-12.7 (12.4); tarsus, 17.8-18.3 (18); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (11.2).* Young. —Above plain grayish brown, including pileum and sides of head and neck, the middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with paler; superciliary stripe narrow, mostly yellow; sides of throat dusky; rest of under parts, including median portion of throat, light olive-yellow or dull canary yellow, becoming paler posteriorly, the flanks tinged with light brownish olive. Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles. [Certhiola] barbadensis Batrp, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 612 (Barbados, Lesser Antilles: coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428; in, 1874, 508.—Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. Certhioladbarbadensis BARD, RREwER, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ili, 1874, 508.—Ripaway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vill, 1885, 50 (synonymy ).—ScLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 46:—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 52; Birds West Indies, 1889, 66. C[erthiola] barbadensis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba barbadensis Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 154. CLlereba] barbadensis Beruepscn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1892, 78, 79, in text. Certhiola martinicana (not of Reichenbach) Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 174 (Barbados). CGZEREBA UROPYGIALIS Eerlepsch. CURACAO BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. barbadensis, but white throat-patch much larger, extending to median portion of upper throat or sometimes even to chin, and without yellowish tinge; -superciliary stripe pure white, longer (terminating beyond or behind auricular region), equally broad ‘Three specimens, with sex undetermined. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 491 throughout; lower rump more extensively and abruptly light yellow- ish olive or olive-yellowish: gray rictal streak less distinct, and sides of throat, and chin, dark slate color instead of sooty black. Young.—Above plain brownish gray, the rump tinged with light yellowish olive, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale buffy grayish; superciliary stripe bright yellow, paler posteriorly: sides of head and neck otherwise plain brownish gray, darker on lores, paler and tinged with yellowish from rictus backward; sides of throat dusky; rest of under parts, including a median throat-stripe extend- ing nearly to chin, canary yellow, faintly tinged with pale olive later- ally, fading into buffy white or pale buffy yellow on anal region and under tail-coverts. Adult male.—Length (skins), 99.6-104.6 (102.1); wing, 60.7—61 (60.8); tail, 40.1-40.9 (40.6); exposed culmen, 12.4—-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 18.3-18.5 (18.4); middle toe, 11.7-11.9 (11.: a Island of Curagao, Caribbean Se: Coereba uropygialis Beriepscn, Journ. fir Orn., xxxx, Jan., 1892, 77 (Island of Curacao, Caribbean Sea; coll. E. Peters).—Roprxson, Flying Trip to Tropics, 1895, 165 (Curacao). CLereba] uropygialis Berterscn, Journ. fir Orn., 1892, 79, 81, in text. Certhiola species? Prrers, Journ. fir Orn., 1892, 116 (Curacao). CCEREBA MARTINICANA (Reichenbach). MARTINIQUE BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. wropyqialis, but white throat-patch much more sharply defined, superciliary stripe shorter (scarcely reaching to end of auricu- lar region), malar region and sides of throat uniform sooty black, like auricular region, pileum, etc.; no gray rictal streak, and with less of olive-yellow on rump. Adults (sexes alike).—Above dark sooty slate, sometimes inclining to sooty blackish, especially on pileum, which is always perceptibly darker than back; lower rump more or less tinged with light yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, but without a distinct patch or band of that color; wing-coverts usually slightly tipped with pale grayish; no white at base of primaries, but their outer webs narrowly edged with grayish; inner webs of lateral rectrices broadly tipped with white, this on outer- most rectrix about 6.3-8.9 in extent; a superciliary stripe of white or (in younger specimens?) yellow, extending from nostril to about end of auricular region, but becoming narrower posteriorly; sides of head, otherwise, and sides of neck, including sides of throat, uniform sooty black, like pileum; median portion of throat white or grayish white, forming a broad, somewhat wedge-shaped, stripe; rest of under parts lemon yellow: Pe aler ne Sonely, tinged with olive on flanks, the ‘Two specimens. 492 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. anal region and under tail-coverts whitish; bill black, with tumid rictus pale brownish (flesh color in life’); legs and feet, dusky horn color (in dried skins). . Adult male.—Length (skins), 99.8-125 (117.1); wing, 57.2-62.2 (59.4); tail, 87.8-44.5 (40.9); exposed culmen, 13-14.7 Cnn bie 17.5-18.8 (18.3); middle toe, 11.2—11.7 (11.4). Adult female.—Length (skins), 104.9-L07.7 (106.4); wing, 56.1—-57.4 (56.9); tail, 37.6-40.1 (88.9); exposed culmen, 12.7-13.2 (13); tarsus, 17.3-18 (17.8); middle toe, 11.4-11.7.” . Islands of Martinique and Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. [Certhia flaveola] 8. Lixnnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 187, part (citation of Certhia martinicana sive saccharivora Brisson, Orn., iii, 611, pl. 34, fig. 5).— GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 479. Nectarinia flaveola, var. Swatnson, Zool. Ilustr., iii, 1822-23, pl. 142 (excel. syn.). Certhiola martinicana RetcHENBACH, Handb. d. spec. Orn., 1, 1858, 252, pl. 561, fig. 3824 (ex Brisson).—Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 271 (monogr.).—CaBanis, Journ. fir Orn., 1865, 412.—Sunpevaui, C#fv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr.).—Frinscu, Verh. k. k. zool.- bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 788 (monogr. ).—Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 269 (Santa Lucia); 1889, 395 (Santa Lucia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x1, 1886, 46 (Martinique; Santa Lucia).—Semprer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1872, 649 (Santa Lucia).—Lawrencer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 354 (Mar- tinique; habits).—AL Len, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia ).— Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30 (synonymy ).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 52; iv, 1887, 95 (Martinique); Birds W. I., 1889, 66. [.Certhiola] martinicana ScuaTeR and SAtvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1875, 17.—Batrp, Am. Nat., vil, 1873, 612; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 428.—Cory, List Birds West Indies, 1885, 9. Clerthiola] martinicana Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28 (diagnosis). Cereba martinicana Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xii, Feb. 5, 1890, 129 (Santa Lucia; crit.).—Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116 (Martinique; Santa Lucia). CL ereba]| martinicana Beriepscn, Journ. fir Orn., 1892, 78, 79, 80, in text. Certhiola martinicensis SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x1, 1886, pleOnetionle [ Certhiola] martinica Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1504. Certhiola albigula BoNAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxviil, 1854, 259 (Martinique); Notes Orn. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 57.—Taynor, Ibis, 1864, 167 (Martinique).— Newton, Zool. Record, 1864, 76.—SunprEvaALL, Cify. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., 1869, 624 (monogr.). Certhiola flaveola? (not Certhia flaveola Linnzeus) Newron, Ibis, 1862, 288 (Mar- tinique). Certhiola finschi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vill, Apr. 20, 1885, 25, 28 (Dominica?, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Sciarrer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 47. CCEREBA ATRATA (Lawrence). BLACK BANANAQUIT. Adult male.—Entirely plain sooty black, the under parts slightly tinged with olive; bill black, the mandible more grayish basally, the tumid rictus pale brow wnish (flesh color in life 4); legs and feet dusky aie specimens. * Two specimens. a ii i i i i BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 493 erayish (in dried skins); length (skin), 127.5; wing, 64; tail, 42.7; exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 19.6; middle to, 12.7." Adult female.—Similar to the male, but smaller and more slaty blackish, with under parts more strongly glossed with olive; length (skin), 106.9; wing, 56.4; tail, 33.5; exposed culmen, 14.5; tarsus, 15.8 middle toe, 10.9.° Island of St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles. (2) Diczeum aterrimum Lesson, Traité d’Orn., i, 1831, 303 (locality unknown).— Pucueran, Rev. Zool., 1846, 1384 (‘‘St. Thomas;’’ crit.).—Harriavp, Isis, 1847, 611; Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 418.—Rercnenspacn, Handb., ii, 1853, 243 (see Frxscn, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1871, 762). Certhiola atrata LAwrencr, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., i, no. 5, June, 1878, 150 (St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 190 (St. Vincent; habits).—Lisrer, Ibis, 1880, 40 (St. Vincent) .—Sat- vin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1883, 251, in text.—Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30, part (synonymy).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 53, part (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 67, part (do.).—Sciarer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 47, part (St. Vincent). C[erthiola] atrata Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 28, part (diagnosis) . Cereba atrata Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 134 (St. Vincent). ’ CCZEREBA WELLSI Cory. WELLS’ BANANAQUIT. Similar to C. atrata, but smaller, and oo male not so deep black. Adult male.—Length (skins), 104.6-112. 8 (108.7); wing, 58.9-60.5 (59.7); tail, 36.1-86.6 (36.3); exposed caine, 14-14.5 (14.2); tarsus, 18.8; middle toe, 11.9.” Adult female.—Length (before skinning), 114.3; wing, 53.3; tail, 33.5; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 11.9.' Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles. Certhiola atrata (not of Lawrence, 1878) LawreENcE, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 269 (Grenada).—Ripaway, Proe. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 30, part (Grenada).—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9, part (Grenada); Auk, in, 1886, 53, part (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 67, part (do.).—ScuaTEr, Cat. 3irds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 47, part (Grenada).—WeEL.Ls, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 612 (Grenada; habits; desc. nest and eggs). C[erthiola] atrata Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vill, 1885, 28, part. Certhiola wellsi Cory, Auk, vi, July, 1889, 219 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles; coll. C. B. Cory). Cereba wellsi Cory, Auk, viii, Jan., 1891, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 116, 134. Genus GLOSSIPTILA Sclater. Neornis (not of Hodgson, 1844) Harriavus, Nachtr. z. Verz. Mus. Brem., 1846, 8. (Type, N. exrulea Hartlaub, = Tanagra ruficollis Gmelin. ) Glossiptila SctatER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 269. (Type, Tanagra ruficoilis Gmelin. ) Euneornis Frrzincer, Sitz. ver. Wien Ak. Mett. Nat., xxi, Abth. 2, 1856, 316. (Type, ae mihi ollis Gmelin. ) s One specimen. 2 Two specimens. 494 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Rather stoutly built Ccerebidee, with elongate-conical, slightly de- curved bill, rather long tarsus (much longer than commissure, about one-fourth as long as wing) and plain coloration, the latter with neither bright blue, green, yellow, nor black (except on lores, etc.). Bill much shorter than head, elongate-conoid, with upper outline distinctly convex, but lower outline nearly straight; culmen straight and rather elevated basally, but decidedly and regularly decurved from in front of nostrils; commissure slightly concaye, though nearly straight in middle portion; tip of maxilla acute; gonys straight, slightly ascending terminally, its base forming a slight angle; depth of bill at base equal to about half length of exposed culmen, the basal width decidedly less; nostril mostly exposed, obliquely longitudinal (posterior end higher than anterior) in median portion of nasal fossee, with rather broud membrane both above and below. Rictal bristles minute, very weak. Wing rather long, rather pointed (eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth about equal to fifth); wing-tip about equal to commissure, decidedly shorter than tarsus. Tail much shorter than wing (decidedly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries), even or very slightly emarginated. Tarsus much longer than commissure, about one-fourth as long as wing, its scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw slightly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe with at least half its length free from inner toe. Coloration.—Adult male uniform dull grayish blue, with rufous throat-patch; adult females and young olive-brownish above (the wings and tail more decidedly brown), under parts paler. Range.— Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. _(Monotypic.) GLOSSIPTILA RUFICOLLIS (Gmelin). ORANGEQUIT, Adult male.—Throat deep cinnamon-rufous; lores and anterior por- tion of malar region and chin, black; rest of plumage, including lower part of chin and extreme upper part of throat, plain dull grayish blue; bill black; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 127-139.7 (182.8); wing, 70.6-71.9 (71.1); tail, 48.8-51.1 (50.5); exposed culmen, 13.2-14 (13.7); tarsus, 17-18.3 (17.5); middle toe, 11.9-13.2 (12.4).? Adult female.—Pileum and hindneck plain olivaceous slate-gray or grayish olive; rest of upper parts plain clive, becoming browner on wings and tail; under parts pale buffy grayish or olive-gray, very faintly streaked on throat and abdomen with pale buffy; bill brownish black or dusky; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins);- length (skins), 124.5-128 (126.2); wing, 65.5-67.1 (66.3); tail, 46.5-46.7; o > exposed culmen, 13-13.2; tarsus, 18.3; middle toe, 13.2.” ' Four specimens. * Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 495 Young matle.—Similar to adult female, but texture of plumage dif- ferent (much looser); color of head more olive, and sides and. flanks more brownish. Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles. (?) [Motacilla] campestris LrxNus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 329 (based on American Hedge Sparrow Edwards, Nat. Hist., iii, pl. 122, fig. 2). Glossoptila campestris Lucas, Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvii, Nov. 15, 1894, 301, in LEX [ Tanagra] ruficollis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 894 (based on Rufous- throated Tanager Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. i, 241). Tanagrella ruficollis Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 236; Hlustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 58. TL anagrella] ruficollis Gray, Gen. Birds, App., 1849, 17.—Bonaparrer, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 236. [ Pyrrhulagra] ruficollis Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 493, exel. syn. Glossiptila ruficollis ScuATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 269 (monoer. ); 1861, 73; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 54; Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 48.—ALBRECHT, Journ. fir Orn., 1862, 196.—Marcn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 296.— Barrp, ‘Review Am. Birds, 1864, 163, fig. 1 (fig. of tongue).—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 54; Birds W. I., 1889, 68; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 117, 130. [ Glossiptila] ruficollis ScLATER and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 17.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. G[lossiptila] ruficollis Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. { Certhiola] ruficollis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 120, no. 1510. Tachyphonus rufo-gularis LAFRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., ix, Sept., 1846, 320. Neornis caerulea Hartuaus, Nachtr. z. Verz. Mus. Brem., 1846, 8 (nomen nudum). Family MNIOTILTID®. THE WOOD WARBLERS. Slender-billed or flat-billed ** nine-primaried” acutiplantar Ose/nes, with neither the tertials nor hind claw elongated’ nor the tongue deeply cleft nor laciniate at tip.’ Bill usually slender-conoidal, sometimes rather stout, rarely short- subulate; if slender-cuneate with acute tip, not strongly, if at all, decurved terminally, and tail not longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries;* if depressed, with triangular vertical profile, the rictal bristles strongly developed (reaching more than halfway to tip of bill), and tail rounded; if comparatively stout, decidedly compressed with culmen decidedly convex, the tip of maxilla not uncinate and without distinct subterminal tomial notch.* Tongue moderately slender, with tip but slightly bifid or fimbriate. Skull with interpalatine process well developed; trans-palatine process short, 5 bluntly angular; palatines not produced backward over pterygoids. 'To exclude Motacillide. “To exclude Ccerebidee. *This last character to exclude species of Conirostrum, usually referred to the Ceerebidee, but not improbably belonging to the Mniotiltidse. (See under Ccerebidee, on page 377.) *To exclude the ‘‘nine-primaried’’ Vireonide. °>See Lueas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, 1894, 299-310. 426 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. In addition to the forms which are usually referred to the Mniotil- tide! 1f seems best to place here the following genera, withdrawn from other groups: Certhidea and Ateleodacnis” (probably also Con7- yostrum), from the Coerebidee; //emispingus,’ from Tanagridee, and Rhodinocichla, from Mimide. This transfer seems to be necessary in order to render possible anything like a satisfactory diagnosis of the Mniotiltide, Coerebidee, and Tanagridi, as separate groups. The only one of these regarding which there can be reasonable doubt is Rhodinocichla, This has hitherto been placed in either the Troglody- tide or the Mimidie; but since it is a ‘*nine-primaried” bird it can not belong to either of these groups; and among the nine-primaried Osc/nes there is no other group than the present one where it would not be conspicuously out of place. With this single exception the group is quite as natural as any other Oscine family (excepting, of course, the Hirundinide), although Certhidea is also to a degree aberrant; and, so far as Iam able to see, is in no need of ‘‘readjustment” so far as the forms which have usually been referred to it are concerned, Nevertheless, Dr. Sharpe, in forecasting a ‘*readjustment of the family, which must inevitably take place some day,” suggests that * Setophaga and its allies will probably be considered to be Flycatchers | Muscicapidee| rather than Warblers, //elminthophaga and [Telmin- thotherus will very probably prove to be Wrens |Troglodytide |, /cteria to be an aberrant Vireonine form, while Granatedlus will be placed with the Tanagers.” It is true that some of the genera mentioned represent very diverse types (though less differentiated than the aber- rant genera Rhodinocichla and Certhidea), but that they are unquestion- ° ably all true Mniotiltidee is perfectly evident from a careful examination of all the genera, which shows that Setophaga, [Helininthophila, and Icteria, representing three extremes of divergence, are so completely connected by intermediate forms that it is difficult to diagnose even sec- tions or minor groups to include the forms most closely related to the genera in question. The position of /cter/a in the Mniotiltidee has more than once been questioned; indeed it had not been referred to this family at all until 1858, when Professor Baird formally placed it here‘ as sole representative of a group or section /cteriew. That he was fully justified in doing so is quite certain, for, however unlike other North American Mniotiltidee /cter7a may seem, the extralimital genera Chamethlypis and Granatellus distinctly connect it with more 'See Sharpe, in Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, x, 1885, 225-439, 638-653, pls. 9-12. 7A section of the genus Dacnis as given by Dr. Seclater in Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, x1, 1886, 18-27 (species 10-14). %A section of the genus: Chlorospingus, as given by Dr. Sclater, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, x, 1886, 257-251 (species 16-32). *Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 248. . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 497 typical forms, the former being, indeed, a very near relative, its close relationship being shown even in the coloration. ~The Mniotiltide are essentially—most of them strietly—insectivo- rous birds, of active habits. Most of them are arboreal, nesting and feeding among the trees and rarely descending to the ground; some are terrestrial, living much upon or near the ground, where they walk in the graceful ** mincing” manner of a Wagtail o: Pipit, meanwhile tilting the body, as if upon a pivot, and oscillating the tail in the same char- acteristic manner. Most of them are expert ‘* flycatchers,” the Sefo- phage notably so. Others creep about the trunks and branches of trees as nimbly as a Nuthatch. The majority of them combine, in various degrees, these several habits. Asa rule the Mniotiltide are birds of beautiful plumage, though their attractiveness in this respect consists in the tasteful arrangement or ‘“‘ pattern” of the colors rather than their brilliancy. Yellow is the most common and characteristic hue, though this is usually relieved by. markings or areas of black, gray, olive-green, or white, usually by two or more of these colors; red is not unfrequent, grayish blue less common, while pure blue, green, or purple are never present, and the plumage never glossy as it is In many Coerebide and Tanagride. While few Mniotiltide are songsters of the first class,' many of them have attractive songs; but perhaps the majority, at least among the North American species, are songsters of very ordinary or inferior merit. Some of them” possess two songs of utterly different char- acter: a plain, monotonous repetition of sharp notes as the ordinary song, and a rich, exuberant warble, uttered on special occasions, sometimes entirely replacing the former during the evening hours.* The group is peculiar to America, where it represents the Sylyiidee and Muscicapidee of the Kastern Hemisphere. The latest authority on the family * recognizes 158 species and subspecies belonging to 21 genera; but if to these be added 32 species and 4 genera transferred from the Coerebide, Tanagridse, and Mimidse, as before noted, and 'This distinction ean, perhaps, be claimed for only one genus. Rhodimocichla schis- tacea is said to be one of the sweetest songsters of western Mexico, its ‘‘ voluptuous and melodious notes’’ being, according to the late Colonel Grayson, fully equal to those of any species of Thrush. 2 Seirus aurocapillus and Protonotaria citrea, for example. * For further information concerning general characteristics of the Mnictiltidze see Coues, Birds of the Colorado Valley (1878), 199-202, and Ridgway, The Ornithology of Illinois, i (1889), 113, 114. *Catalogue | of the | Passeriformes, | or | Perching Birds, | in the | Collection | of the | British Museum. | —— | Fringilliformes. Part I. | containing the families | Diceeidee, Hirundinidie, Ampelidee, | Mniotiltidee, and Motacillidee. | By | R. Bowdler Sharpe. | London: | Printed by order of the Trustees. | 1885. | Pp. {i]-xin, 1-682, pls. 1-xii. (Mniotiltidee on pp. 225-439, 638-653, pls. ix—xii. Constituting vol. x of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. ) 498 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL’ MUSEUM. allowing for forms subsequently described and additional genera which it seems desirable to recognize, 200 species and subspecies and 30 genera may be considered a fair estimate. The Mniotiltide contain a larger proportion of monotypic genera than most Oscine families, nearly one-half of the genera being rep- resented by a single known species. ' KEY TO THE GENERA OF MNIOTILTIDA. a. Outermost (ninth) primary, but little, if any, shorter than secondaries (usually much longer); eighth primary much longer than first (equal to or longer than third); nostril longitudinal, with distinct superior membranous operculum. b. Tarsus less than half as long as tail, very much less than twice as long as mid- dle toe without claw. ( Mniotiltine.) c. Hallux longer than inner toe with claw, about equal to frontal length of tar- SUS ce Mat Bees) ee ook es Ae Bi at ys reo eee ee Mniotilta (p. 431) cc. Hallux much shorter than inner toe with claw (about equal to inner toe without claw), much shorter than frontal length of tarsus. d. Rictal bristles inconspicuous, sometimes obsolete; if distinct, much less than half as long as exposed culmen, and biil not depressed, its basal depth equal to or greater than its basal width. e. Tail not longer than wing (usually much shorter); bill slender, its basal depth not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. jf. Bill narrowly cuneate, with tip very acute and not distinctly, if at all, decurved, and without distinct, if any, tomial notch. (//elinaizx.) g. Rictal bristles obsolete. h. Larger (wing more than 63.5). i. Inner webs of rectrices without white; wings and tail plain olive or brown; no pronounced yellow; no subterminal notch to maxillary tomium; basal phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe for much less than its entire length, to inner toe for not more than half its length. j. Bill much compressed, with culmen straight and conspicuously ridged and elevated between nostrils; pileum plain brown. Helinaia (p. 436) jj. Bill moderately compressed, with culmen not conspicuously ridged nor elevated between nostrils; pileum 5-striped (3 buff ande2; black-sinipes) sass seaman aeee Helmitheros (p. 438) uv. Inner webs of rectrices largely white; wings and tail bluish gray; under parts (whole head in adult male) yellow; maxillary tomium with slight subterminal notch; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly entire length to outer toe, for more than half its length to inner toe.......-..-.-- Protonotaria (p. 442) hh. Smaller (wing less than 63.5—usually much less). i. Tail relatively shorter (difference between length of tail and length of wing nearly, if not quite, equal to one-fourth the length of the latter); throat not orange nor back black; if back olive- | green, no white superciliary stripe nor chestnut spot on breast. Helminthophila (p.445) 'The monotypic genera belonging to North and Middle America are the following: . Mniotilta, Helinaia, Helinitheros, Protonotaria, Peucedramus, Catharopeza, Leucopeza, | Microligea, Icteria, Cardellina, and Euthlypis. | ‘ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 429 ii. Tail relatively longer (difference between length of tail and | length of wing decidedly less than one-fourth the length of the latter); throat orange and back black, or else back olive-green, a conspicuous white superciliary stripe, and a chestnut spot in center otryellow breast: 2-22 eas 0-2 S22 = Oreothlypis (p.475) gg. Rictal bristles distinct, or at least obvious. - --- Compsothlypis (p.478) ff. Bill not narrowly wedge-shaped with very acute tip, but slender-co- | noidal or subulate, with tip of maxilla obviously decurved; if approx- imately narrowly wedge-shaped with very acute tip, the maxillary tomium with distinct subterminal notch, and rictal bristles obvious. g. Rictal bristles distinct; wing-tip longer than exposed culmen. — (Den- droice. ) h. Bill subulate, of nearly uniform depth for most of its length; tail deeply emarginate; a white spot at base of primaries together with two white wing-bands...........---- Peucedramus (p. 493) hh. Bill slender-conoidal, tapering gradually to the tip; tail but slightly, if at all, emarginate; no white spot at base of primaries, or else no white wing-bands. i. Tail more than two and a half timesas long as tarsus; inner webs of rectrices partly yellow or white, or else wing with white bars Orupper parts streaked 22.252. 22520) =.= Dendroica (p. 496) j. Tail not more than two and a half times as long as tarsus (usually much less); inner webs of rectrices without yellow or white (or if partly white the under parts dark slaty with white on abdomen and lower throat). k. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than fifth; wing-tip shorter than coinmissure; upper parts plain sooty blackish, under parts slate-color with white on lower throat and abdomen; inner webs of lateral rectrices with a white ter- IMMA UIE SOO Le tect (acne ericte attr Catharopeza (p. 619) kk. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than fifth; wing-tip equal to or longer than commissure; upper parts plain olive-green, olive, or olive-grayish, the head sometimes gray or gray and black; under parts of body yellow, or conspicuously streaked with dusky on a white or very pale yellow ground; inner webs of lateral rectrices with- out white terminal spot. 1. Tail rounded; under parts yellow, without streaks, the throat and chest sometimes gray or gray and black. Oporornis (p. 621) i. Tail even or slightly emarginate; under parts whitish or very pale yellow, conspicuously streaked with dusky. Seiurus (p. 654) gg. Rictal bristles obsolete; wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. ( Geothlypex. ) h. Commissure equal to or longer than middle toe with claw. i. Maxilla strongly curved; ninth primary shorter than first; tail slightly double-rounded or nearly even, the rectrices narrow, firm, with broad and rounded tip; under parts partly yellow. Teretistris (p. 654) ii. Maxilla straight; ninth primary longer than first; tail much rounded, the rectrices broad and rather soft, with tips sub- acumunate:snozyellow <2 -<--5--ss-+--22=< Leucopeza (p. 690) hh. Commissure shorter than middle toe with claw. \ 430 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i. Middle toe, without claw, decidedly shorter than commissure; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly its entire length to outer toe; under parts gray, becoming whitish medially; no blackionvheadses sce ae See eee oe Microligea (p. 651) ii. Middle toe, without claw, equal to or longer than commissure; basal phalanx of middle toe united for much less than its entire length to outer toe; under parts yellow; forehead and sides of head (at least partly) black in adult males. Geothlypis (p. 653) ee. Tail longer than wing, or else (Granatellus, part) bill stout, with culmen arched; bill stout, its basal depth equal to more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, the culmen strongly convex. (Icterizx.) f. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than third; basal phalanx of middle toe united for only half its length to outer toe; mandible not deeper than maxilla; under parts partly yellow, without any red; upper parts olive-greenish, without pure gray or bluish gray (except some- times on crown). g. Smaller (wing not more than 63.5); tarsus much more than one-third as long as wing; tail much rounded or graduated, with rectrices acuminate or subacuminate at tips; maxillary tomium with distinct Subtermimalsmotehiee- ee eee eee Chamethlypis (p. 686) gg. Larger (wing more than 69.8); tarsus not more than one-third as long as wing: tail slightly rounded, with rectrices obtuse or rounded at tips; maxillary tomium without subterminal notch - -Ieteria (p. 691) ff Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than third; basal phalanx of mid- dle toe united for nearly its entire length to outer toe; mandible deeper than maxilla; under parts partly red, without any yellow; upper parts bluish gray or brownish........--.- Granatellus (p. 697) dd. Rictal bristles conspicuous, half as long as exposed culmen (usually much more); bill depressed, its basal width exceeding its basal depth, or else very short (exposed culmen not longer than middle toe without claw). ( Setophage. ) e. Outermost (ninth) primary longer than fifth, the eighth equal to or longer than sixth. Jf. Wing less than four times as long as tarsus; tail even or slightly emar- ginate or double-rounded; bill much narrower basally (width at nos- trils not more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), less depressed; plumage without red or orange, or else this only on forehead, throat, and sides of neck; under parts of body wholly white or yellow. g. Tarsus more than one-third as long as tail; bill more slender, broader than deep at nostrils; under parts of body yellow, the throat yellow or black, the forehead yellow, olive-green, or gray; rump olive-greeu Or gray, dike back 2 sche Sek oe eee anes Wilsonia (p. 703) gg. Tarsus less than one-third as long as tail; bill thicker, deeper than broad at nostrils; under parts of body white, the throat and fore- head red; rump white......-- SoA ee Cardellina (p. 719) jf. Wing more than four times as long as tarsus; tail much rounded; bill much broader basally (width at nostrils decidedly more than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), more depressed; plumage with red or orange, but this not on throat or forehead, or if without, the lateral rectrices with basal half pale yellow; under parts black, with red on middle of breast or with orange on sides of breast and the belly white; or if without black on under parts the sides of breast yellows 2s= seer eeeee satstorele ete See ee eee Setophaga (p. 722) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 431 ee. Outermost (ninth) primary shorter than fifth, the eighth shorter than sixth. f. Bill larger, broader at base (wider than deep at nostrils), its width at nostrils equal to at least half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; if small and relatively narrow the plumage without any red. g. Bill much depressed, broadly wedge-shaped or triangular in vertical profile, its width at base nearly if not quite equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla, the exposed culmen much less than half as long as tarsus; rictal bristles greatly developed, nearly if not quite as long as bill; lateral rectrices mostly white, or if less than half white the under parts of body red or orange; pileum not striped, nor upper tail-coverts nor basal half of tail buffy or OCHMTACE OUS ee, rele eee we ey eye A eh Myioborus (p. 730) gg. Bill moderately or slightly depressed, more narrowly wedge-shaped in vertical profile, its width at base much less than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla or else exposed culmen more than half as long as tarsus; rictal bristles less developed, much shorter than bill; lateral rectrices without any white, or else with merely a white terminal spot; pileum 3-striped, or black with a central spot of yellow, or else upper tail-coverts and basal half of tail buffy or ochraceous. h. Larger (wing more than 72.4); lateral rectrices with a white ter- minal spot; pileum black with a central spot of yellow. Euthlypis (p. 735) hh. Smaller (wing not more than 72.4, usually much less); lateral rectrices without any white; pileum not black with a central yellow spot, but 3-striped, or else uniform dark olive-brown and the upper tail-coverts and basal half of tail buffy or OChra CCOUSE sem eae eee arene eset Basileuterus (p. 7358) J. Bill smaller, narrower at base (deeper than wide at nostrils), its width at nostrils less than half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; plumMaceumMOs tye neds es soe eet ee atseier Ergaticus (p. 758) bb. Tarsus more than half as long as tail, more than twice as long as middle toe WAN OUtnG lenwejenl (Certiiiderne.) = se secs eee ee = eel eee Certhidea (p. 761) aa. Outermost (ninth) primary conspicuously shorter than secondaries; eighth pri- mary shorter than first; nostril circular, without distinct superior opercu- dimtnatss (MOA INOCIChlinah) (xo cei loh ws hoo cee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 459 106.7-116.8 (110.7); wing, 56.6-61.5 (58.9); tail, 42.7-46.7 (44.2); exposed culmen, I. 2-19.2 (11.4); tarsus, 17-17.5 (17.3).' Immature male in n first autumn.—Similar to the adult male, but crown entirely gray. Adult female.—Much duller than the male, and without black on crown, throat, or chest; yellow of forehead indistinct, not sharply separated from gray of crown; olive-green of back, etc., more grayish; chest and sides of breast strongly shaded with gray; length (skins), 106. 7-110.5 (109.2); wing, 57.9-59.7 (58.7); tail, 48.745 (44.4); exposed culmen, 10.9-11.9 (11.4); tarsus, 17-17.3 (17.3).’? Austroriparian district (humid division of Lower Austral life-zone) of eastern United States; north to southeastern Virginia (Ayletts, King William County), southern Indiana (Knox and Decatur coun- ties—accidental in last?), and southeastern Missouri (Dunklin County); Cuba in winter. Sylvia bachmant AupuBon, Orn. Biog., 11, 1834, 483, pl. 188 (Charleston, South Carolina; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Sylvicola bachmani RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172. Vermivora bachmani BoNAPaRtTE, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 21. Helinaia bachmanii AubDuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 68; Birds rate oct. ed., li, 1841, 93, pl. 108.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).—Lremsrye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 36, pl. 6, fig. 1. M [niotilta] bachmani Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. | Mniotilta] bachmani Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 289, no. 3460. [ Helmitheros] bachmani Bonapartsr, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 315. Helminthophaga bachmani Gunpiacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 475 (Cuba); 1861, 326, 409 (do. ); 1874, 411 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. C nee i, 1865, 322 (do.).— Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 255; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 182; Review Am. Birds, 1864, 175. ck a 1873, no. 64; 2d ed., 1882, no. 103; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 214, footnote.-—Batrp, Brewer, and tipaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 194, pl. 11, fig. 3.—Rrmeway, Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. ea 1881, no. 78.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 7.—Maynarp, Birds FE. N. Am., 1882, 510. | Helminthophaga] bachmanii ae ES, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. H{elminthophaga] bachmani Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). Helminthophila bachmani Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 53.— Baiiey, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 38 (South Carolina; deser. sup- posed eggs).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 28 (Cuba); Birds W. I., 1889, 42; Cat. Wel Birds! 18925 17" (Cuba). AMERICAN OrniTHoLOGIsts’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 640.—LawreEnce, Auk, 1887, 35-37 (Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana), 262 (do. ).—Brewster, ee LV, 1887, 165 (spec. of unknown locality in Lafresnaye coll.); viii, 1891, 149-157 (Suwanee R., Florida; habits, variations of plumage, etc.).—Merrriam, Auk, iy, 1887, 262 (Som- brero Key, Florida, Mar. 21).—Scort, Auk, iv, 1887, 348 (Key West, Flor- ida); v, 1888, 428 (do., July 26); vii, 1890, 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida, Mar. 26 and Apr. 9)..-Gaupraira, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (Lake Pont- chartrain, Mar.).—CHapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 278 (Oak Lodge, Brevard Co., Florida, Mar. 21).—Paumer (W.), Auk, xi, 1894, 333 (Ayletts, King William Co., Virginia, Aug.).—Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 367 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, ! Right specimens. * Three specimens. 460 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. migrant).—WrpMANN, Auk, xiii, 1896, 264 (Greene Co., Arkansas, May 7-9).—Beryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 111 (Louisiana).— 3UTLER, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sei., 1899 (1900), 151 (near Greensburg, Decatur Co.., Indiana, 1 spec., May 2, 1899). H{elminthophila] bachmani Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.—RipG- way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 487. Helminthophila bachmanii Ripaway, Auk, xiv, 1897, 309 (Dunklin Co., s. e. Mis- souri; descr. nest and eggs).—Wayne, Auk, xviii, 1901, 274 (Mount Pleas- ant, South Carolina, May 15). Helminthophila bachmanni Suarrer, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 239. HELMINTHOPHILA PEREGRINA (Wilson). TENNESSEE WARBLER, Adult male.—Pileum and hindneck plain gray (intermediate between mouse gray and slate-gray); rest of upper parts plain olive-green, brightest on rump; remiges dusky, the secondaries edged with olive- green, the primaries with pale gray (edge of outermost primary white); tail dull gray, the outer webs of rectrices edged with olive-green, the inner webs edged with white, that of outermost rectrix usually with a white terminal spot of greater or less extent; lores and short super- ciliary streak white, the former with a dusky wedge-shaped streak in front of eye; a more or less distinct, but small, postocular streak of dusky; auricular region grayish; suborbital region, malar region, and under parts white, the sides and flanks shaded with gray; under wing- coverts and axillars white; maxilla brownish black, mandible slightly paler; iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 102.9-119.4 (112.5); wing, 62.5-67.8 (64.5); tail, 41-46 (42.4); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 (9.6); tarsus, 15.5-17.8 (16.8)." | Adult males in winter do not differ essentially from breeding birds, but have the gray of pileum, hindneck, sides, and flanks slightly tinged with olive-green, white of under parts slightly tinged with yellow, and basal half of mandible distinctly ight colored. Some spring males (probably younger birds), however, are like winter specimens in all these respects. | Adult female.—Similar to the adult male in coloration, but with gray of pileum and hindneck never so pure, being usually more or less tinged with olive-green, and with superciliary streak and under parts more or less tinged with yellow; length (skins), 106.7—-119.4 (109.7); wing, 58.4-61 (59.4); tail, 39.1-42.4 (41.1); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.6); tarsus, 15.7—17.3 (16.3).* Young male in first autumn.—Above plain olive-green, including pileum and hindneck; superciliary streak, eyelids, sides of head, chin, throat, chest, sides, and flanks pale yellowish olive-green; abdomen, anal region, under tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white. Young female in jirst autumn.—Similar to the young autumnal 1 Five specimens. 1 A GR Cacti EB 2 oh Rca a phn¥ —_ *. ea » ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 461 male, but superciliary stre: alc sides of head, throat, chest, sides, and flanks bright olive-yellow. Eastern North America, breeding from northeastern New York (Lewis County), Massachusetts (Graylock Mountain, at 3,000 feet; Springtield), Province of Quebec (Point de Monts), western Ontario (north shore of Lake Superior), Manitoba, eastern Colorado (Colorado Springs), etc., northward to Slave Lake district (Fort Rae; Fort Simp- son; Fort Resolution), Alaska (Caribou Crossing), and eastern British Columbia (Caribou); southward in winter over more southern United States (east of Rocky Mountains) to Cuba and Grand Cayman (Baha- mas also’), and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Colom- bia and Venezuela; accidental in southern California (Pasadena, Los Angeles County, September). Sylvia peregrina Witson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 83, pl. 25, fig. 2,—BonaParreE, Journ. Ae: Nat. Sei. Phila... iv; 1824, 196; Ann. Dyes N: Y.,.i1, 1826, 87, 439:— Nurraui, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 412.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., 1834, 307, pl. 154. Sylvicola ( Vermivora) peregrina SWAINson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 221. Vermivora peregrina SWANsoNn and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 11, 1831, pl. 42, lower fig.—JarpINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 379, SSH g tN Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21.—Nurraui, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 469, Sylvicola peregrina RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 171. Helinaia peregrina AuDuUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 68; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 96 pl. 110.—Brewer, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). M{[niotilta] peregrina Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] peregrina Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3456. [ Helinitheros] peregrina BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 315. H{elininthophaga] peregrina CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20; Journ. fir Orn., 1861, 85 (Costa Rica).—Rinaway, Ibis, 1876, 169 (diagnosis). Helminthophaga peregrina Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 258; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 185; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 178.—Scuarer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 373 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Lanquin, Vera Paz, Guatemala).—Satvin and Scuater, Ibis, 1860, 31 (Coban, Guatemala).—Sciater and Sarviy, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1870, 886 (San Pedro, Honduras) ; 1879, 494 (Concordia, proy. Antioquia, Colombia).—Gunp.acu, Journ. ftir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1862, 177 (do.) ; 1872, 412; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 239 (Cuba).—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); viii, 1865, 174 (David, Chiriqui) ; ix, 1868, 94 (San José and Grecia, Costa Rica).—Buakiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (S Sakate hewan); 1863, 62 (interior British North America).—Satviy, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 135 (David, Chiriqui); 1870, 182 (Calovevora, Veragua, and Volean de Chiriqui), 836 ( Honduras )—FRanvrzivs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Dota mts., Costa Rica).— Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Herradura, Colombia ).—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 69; 2d ed., 1882, a 109; Birds fe W., 1874, 538; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 230.— Herrick, Bull. Essex Inst., 1873, 30 (Grand Menan).—Rimeway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 180 (El E Pao Co., Colorado); Ibis, 1876, 171; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 87.—Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 205, pl. 11, figs. 10, 11; iii, 1874, 504 (1 Paso Co., Colorado, 1, 462 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sept. ).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 489 (n. New England, breeding).—Lawrence, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efi- genia, Oaxaca, Dec., Jan.).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 San José, Costa Rica, Jan., Mar.).—Merriam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii 1878, 53 (Lewis Co., New York, May); vi, 1881, 227 (Lewis Co., New York, breeding) ; vii, 1882, 234 (Point de Monts, prov. Quebec, Bicsdan oe —Mrnot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 226 (Boulder, Colorado, May 31).—Sanvin and GopMAN, Ibis, 1880, a7 (Minea, Colombia, 2,000 feet alt. ); Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1880, 117. [ Helminthophaga] peregrina Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95.—ScLaTer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 7 (Cuba). Helminthophila peregrina Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 130.—BrewsteEr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 370 ( Anti- costi I., July 1).—Turner, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 237 (Fort Bay, Labrador ).—Suarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 239, 639 (Bogota, Mineca, and Concordia, Colombia; Caracas, Venezuela, Fort Simpson, Arctic eas etc.).—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 28 (Cuba; Bahamas ?); Birds W. I., 1889, 42; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117 (Cuba; Grand Cayman). AN ORNITHOL- oaists’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 647.—Lioyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., Texas, fall migr.).—Cookr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 243 (GsseaoD: Valley localities and dates); Bull. 44, Col. Agr. € ‘oll., 1898, 168 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, breeding).—Faxon, Auk, vi, 1889, 102 (Gray- lock Mt., Massachussetts, breeding at 3,000 ft.).—DurcHerr, Auk, vi, 1889, 138 (Long I., New York, Sept.).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Punta Rassa, Tarpon Springs, and Key West, Florida, migr.). qi Auk, vii, 1890, 335 (San José, Costa Rica, Sept. to Mar.); viil, 1891, 278 (do.).—THompson, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 617 (Manitoba, breeding).—Nurrine, Bull. Labr. N. H. State ome . Lowa, 1, 1893, 277 (Grand Rapids, Saskatchewan, ns Pe arerore Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1898, 484 (Rio Escon- dido, Nicaragua, Oct. 24-29 ).—NrnRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 191.— Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Marta, Colombia) .— GRINNELL, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., California, 1 spec., Sept. 27, 1897).—AttEn, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 178 (Bonda, ete., proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, Noy. 3 to Apr. 4).— Bisnop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 89 (Caribou Crossing, Alaska, June 25, 27).—Norris, Auk, xix, 1902, 88 (Carpenter Mt., Caribou, British Colum- bia, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). H{elminthophila] peregrina Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295.—Ruipe- way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 488. Sylvia tenenssvi BONNATERRE and ViErLtuot, Ene. Méth., ii, 18238, 452. S[ylvicola] missuriensis Maximinian, Journ. fir Orn., vi, Marck: 1858, 117 (Missouri). ? HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA CELATA (Say). ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER, Adult male.—Ahbove plain grayish olive-green, becoming brighter, more yellowish olive-green, on rump and upper tail-coverts; crown tawny or tawny-ochraceous, this color mostly concealed (except in worn midsummer plumage) by grayish olive tips to the feathers; a: narrow superciliary stripe, eyelids, and general color of under parts pale olive-yellowish, becoming paler (sometimes whitish) on lower sgt ola a mare ma an ana ndomatiennees af enrkey x hae tig ea BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 4638 portion of abdomen; auricular region, sides of neck, and sides of breast light grayish olive-green, the chest (sometimes throat also) indistinctly streaked with the same; an indistinct triangular spot or streak of dusky in front of eye and a still less distinct short postocular streak; under tail-coverts, axillars, and under wing-coverts pale yellow (intermediate between straw yellow and sulphur yellow); maxilla dusky horn color, mandible paler, more grayish; iris brown; legs and feet brownish horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 107.9-121.9 (117.3); wing, 60. 7—-63.2 (62.2); tail, 48.8-52.6 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.6); tarsus, 17.3-18.5 (17.8).' (In fall and winter the plumage softer, the tawny-ochraceous crown-patch quite concealed, and the sides of head more tinged with gray.) Adult female.—Similar to the adult male in coloration, and not always distinguishable (4); but usually the colors slightly duller, with the tawny-ochraceous crown-patch more restricted, sometimes obso- lete; length (skins), 110.5-118.1 (114.3); wing, 57.4-59.2 (58.4); tail, 45.2-49.3 (47.7); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.7 (10.2); tarsus, 17.5-18.5 (i 8) Young, first plumage.—Above dull olive, or grayish olive, becom- ing more olive-greenish or russet-olive, on rump and upper tail-coverts; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped, more or less distinetly, with paler olive or dull buffy; throat, chest, sides of breast, sides and flanks pale brownish gray, tinged with dull buffy, especially on chest; abdo- men white; otherwise like adults, but without trace of tawny-ochra- ceous on crown. [Some autumnal specimens, perhaps younger birds, have the head and neck much tinged with gray, the superciliary streak and eyelids 1 Seven specimens. » Five specimens. Specimens from the Atlantic coast district of the United States apparently average rather larger than those from the Mississippi Valley and Rocky Mountain district, though the series measured are much too small to show whether such difference really exists or not. There certainly are no color differences, that I can find, between the two series (embracing seven specimens from the Atlantic States and many times that number from western and northern localities). Unfortunately absence of sex deter- mination reduces very much the number of specimens available for measurement. The averages of those measured are as follows: ‘ Ex- Locality. Wing.| Tail. posed Tarsus. | culmen. | MALES, | Six adult males from Alaska, Rocky Mountain district, ete ...--. Goa 19.5 9.6 | 17.5 Onewadultinale tromeblonida ssaces=seecme esas ae Je cncinee ero - enee eanGSe2e erp 26 10.4 18.5 FEMALES, | | | Two adult females from Alaska and Arizona........-...--------- 58. 2 | 46. | 9.4 | 175 Three adult females from Florida and South Carolina ......-.---- | .58.7] 48.8 10.4 18. 464 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. being white instead of yellowish. More rarely there is very little of yellow tinge on under parts or of olive-green on upper parts, the coloration being olive-grayish above and dull grayish white, obsoletely streaked with pale gray anteriorly, below. | Alaska (except coast district from Kadiak eastward and southward) and throughout Rocky Mountain district of British America and United States, breeding southward to Manitoba and high mountains of New Mexico; during migration, southward to eastern and central Mexico (as far as States of Vera Cruz, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, ete.), and eastward over Mississippi Valley and Gulf States to South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida; occasional during migration in New England and Middle Atlantic States (numerous records), and in south- ern California (Los Angeles County, September and October). Sylvia celata Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 1828, 169 (Council Bluffs, lowa).— Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., i, 1825, 45, pl. 5, fig. 2; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 88.—NutraLi, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 413.—AupDuBoN, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 449, pl. 178.—Prasopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 13 (Massachusetts).—Townsenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153, part (Columbia R.). Sylvicola celata Richarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 171. Vermivora celata JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., ili, 1832, 332.—BoNAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21.—Nurraui, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840,473.—Hoy, Proc: Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin). Helinaia celata AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 69; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 100, pl. 112.—Prartren, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soe., i, 1855, 602 (Illinois). M [niotilta] celata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] celata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 259, no. 3457. [ Helmitheros] celata BONAPARTE, Consp, Ay., i, 1850, 315. Helmitheros celatus ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 212 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz). Helminthophaga celata Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 257, part; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Brownsville, Texas; Tamaulipas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 184, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 163, 176, part (Fort Yukon; Fort Resolution; Fort Simpson; Georgia, ete. ).—SciaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29 (Orizaba).—Buaxiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan); v, 1863, 62 (interior British North America).—ALLEN, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 60 (Massachusetts) ; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1i, 1871, 268 (e. Florida, winter); iii, 1872, 175 (Kansas; Utah) .—Covgs, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 108 (South Carolina); Check List, 1873, no. 68; 2d ed. 1882, no. 107.—SumicHRast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Orizaba, winter). —Daxt and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding) .—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 83, part.—— Maynarp, Birds Florida, 1873, 61.—Rrpeway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 32 (Wahsatch Mts., Utah, breeding); Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 86.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 94 (Concord, Massachusetts, Oct. 2).—Purpre, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Cranston, Rhode Island, Dec. ).—Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 46 (West Point, New York, May 13).—Brown, Bull Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 173 (Coosada, Alabama, Feb. 12 and Apr. 15).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 302 (Hollis, New Hampshire; Concord, Massachusetts, Oct. 2, 1876).—BicKNELL, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 61 (Riverdale, New York, Oct. ).—TRorrer, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 465 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 235 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Mar. ).— Savin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1880, 116, part (Cinco Sefiores, Mexico, etc. ).—Netson, Cruise ‘‘Corwin,’’ 1881 (1883), 63 (Norton Sound and interior n. Alaska); Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 200.—McLENE- GAN, Cruise ‘‘ Corwin,”’ 1884, 114 (Kowak R., Alaska, breeding). [ Helminthophaga] celata Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95.—ScLaTerand SALvIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. Helminthophaga celata, var. celata BAatrp, BrEewErR, and Rrpe@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 202. Helminthophaga celata . . . var. BarrD, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pl. 11, figs. 5, 6. [ Helminthophaga celata] a. celata Cours, Birds N.W., 1874, 52; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 226. [ Helminthophaga celata.] «. celata Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 169, 170; Orn. 40th Par- allel, 1877, 429 (upper Humboldt Valley, Nevada, Sept.; Parleys Park, Utah, breeding. ) Helminthophaga celata celata Goovr, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 323. Helminthophila celata Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 535 (La Paz, Lower California, 1 spec., Jan.); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 129.—Ruoaps, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 179 (Had- donfield, New Jersey, 1 spec., Mar. 22).—Snarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 244.—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 646.— Wayne, Auk, iii, 1886, 139 (coast of South Carolina, Nov. to Mar.); xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida).—Brewsrer, Auk, iii, 1886, 278 (Belmont, Massachusetts ).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 256 (Springfield, Massachusetts, May 15, 1883; Lynn, Jan. 1, 1875; Concord, Oct. 2, 1876).—GreEEN, Auk, iv, 1887, 350 (Syracuse, New York, Oct. 2).— CuapmMan, Auk, y, 1888, 275 (Gainesville, Florida, winter).—Treat, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (East Hartford, Connecticut, May 8).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 242 (Mississippi Valley localities and dates).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Key West, Florida, common Sept. 8 to Oct. 5).—FisHEr, Auk. vii, 1890, 96 (Washington, D. C., Oct. 18).—Wunrie, Auk, vii, 1890, 290 (Mon- treal, Canada, May 21).—TxHompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 616 (Manitoba, breeding).—MAcFARLANE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 444 (Anderson R., Arctic Am., breeding).—McCormick, Auk, ix, 1892, 397 (Oberlin, Ohio, May 11).—Howe tt, Auk, x, 1893, 90 (Flatbush, Long Island, Oct. 12).—Loomis, Auk, x, 1898, 154 (South Carolina).—Jouy, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777 (Soledad, San Luis Potosi).—McIiwrairn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 357 (Hamilton, May 11, 1886; London; Milton).— Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 112 (Louisiana, common winter resid.).—Swarrn, Condor, ili, 1901, 145 (Los Angeles, California, Sept. 28 and Oct. 14, 1891). H{elminthophila] celata Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295. Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 488. Helmintophila celata Neuruinc, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 191. [ Helminthophaga celata.] var. obscura Ripaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 192, pl. 11, fig. 6 (Enterprise, Florida; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.). Helminthophila celata obscura Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, July, 1883, 157 (Georgia and Florida in winter; crit.). [Helminthophila celata.] Subsp. a. Helminthophila obscura SHarpx, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 246. 3654— VoL 2—01— Ripaway, BO 466 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA LUTESCENS Ridgway. _LUTESCENT WARBLER. Similar to //. c. celata, but much more brightly colored, the upper parts bright olive-green, the under parts distinctly yellow (bright olive-yellow to nearly gamboge); young very different from that of H. ¢. celata. Young in jirst plumage.—Above plain olive-green, the middle and greater wing-coverts more or less distinctly tipped with paler or with buffy; under parts buffy olive-yellow or straw yellow, more or less strongly shaded with olive on chest, sides, and flanks (often on throat also). Adult male.—Length (skins), 106.7-113 (109.7); wing, 58.2-61.2 (59.9); tail, 44.7-49 (47); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.6 (9.4); tarsus, 17.5- 18.3 (18).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 101.6-111.8 (108.4); wing, 56.9-61 (58.9); tail, 45.7-47 (46.2); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10); tarsus, 17.3-17.8 (17.5). Breeding in Pacifie coast district, from mountains of southern Cali- fornia (Los Angeles Co.) to island of Kadiak and shores of Cook Inlet, Alaska, and eastward to Ruby Mountains, Nevada; eastward and south- ward during migration to Montana (Columbia Falls), Wyoming (Fort Bridger), Colorado, Arizona, and Cape St. Lucas, and through western Mexico to Guatemala (Chimay). Sylvia celata (not of Say, 1823) Townsenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153, part (Columbia R. ). Sylvicola celata (not of Richardson, 1837) Frxscu, Abh. Nat. Bremen, iii, 1872, 36 (Sitka, Alaska). Vermivora celata (not of Bonaparte, 1838) GAmBEL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 155 (California); Journ. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., i, 1847, 17 (California). Felinaia celata (not of Audubon) HrrrMann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1853, 263 (California, abundant). Helminthophaga celata Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 257, part (speci- mens from Oregon and California); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 184, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 176, part (San José, Lower California).—ScnaTeEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 235 ( Vancouver I.); 373 (Oaxaca); 1862, 19 (La Parada).—Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).—Cooprr and Sucktey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., xii, pt. li, 1860, 178 (Fort Steilacoom and Dalles, Ore- gon ).—Lorp, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst. Woolw., iv, 1864, 115 (British Columbia ).— Browy, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 83, part.— Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 116, part (Chimay, Guatemala). Helminthophaga celata . . . var. Barro, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pl. 11, fig. 4 (Cape St. Lucas). Helminthophila celata SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 640, part (Van- couver I.; San Francisco and Nicasio, California; Mazatlan and Presidio, Sinaloa, and La Parada, Oaxaca; Chimay, Guatemala). 1 Six specimens. * Three specimens. Yager Pine BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 467 Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens RipGway, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts., 3d ser., iv, Dec., 1872, 457 (type from Kadiak, Alaska; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.); Am, Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 5 (description; Kadiak, Alaska; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).— Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 204, pl. 11, fig. 4.—BeEnprrg, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1877, 118 (descr. eggs). [ Helminthophaga celata] b. lutescens Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 52; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 227. Helminthophaga celata . . . var. lutescens Cours, Check List, 1873, 125 (Appen- dix), no. 68a. Helminthophaga celata lutescens Rripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, Jan., 1875, 19 (West Humboldt Mts., Nevada), 22 (East Humboldt Mts.); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 86a.—Brewstrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 34 (deser. young ).—CoveEs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 108.—Netson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 201. Fifelminthophaga] celata lutescens Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 22 (East Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept. ). [ Helminthophaga celata.] 3. lutescens Ripaway, Ibis, Apr., 1876, 169, 171; Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 429 (West Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept.; East Hum- boldt Mts., Sept. ). Helminthophaga celata, 8. lutescens Rrpaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, Apr., 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., California, resident); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 404 (centr. California). Helminthophila celata lutescens Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Apr., 1882, 85 (Tucson, Arizona, Apr. 26).—Betpine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 347 ( Victoria Mts., Lower California) , 526 (La Paz, Lower California); Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 206, part (breeding at Santa Cruz and Orema, Santa Cruz Co., California; also at Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda Springs, Haywards, and Sebastopol).—Antnony, Auk, iii, 1886, 170 (Washington Co., Oregon, breeding; habits). —AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 646a.—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, fall migrant ).—Townsenp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii,1890, 137 (Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Apr. 7).—LAwRENcE (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 46 (Grays Harbor, Washington, breeding).—ANTHony, Auk, xii, 1895, 142 (San Fer- nando, Lower California, Apr. and early May).—GrinNneuLL, Auk, xv, 1898, 129 (Sitka, Alaska, breeding); Pub., ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 44 (Los Angeles Co., California, breeding in mountains up to 6,000 ft.).—MeErRILL, Auk, xv, 1898, 18 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, May ).—Kossk&, Auk, xvii, 1900, 356 (Cape Disappointment, Washington, breeding).—Oscoop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 79 (Fort Kenai, Alaska, May).—Mai.uarp, Condor, iii, 1901, 126 (San Benito Co., California, breeding). H [elminthophila] celata lutescens RipGway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 489. H(elminthophila] c{elata] lutescens Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 295. Helminthophila lutescens Rrpaway, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, Mar. 20, 1879, 391 (Calaveras Co., California).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 246. HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA SORDIDA Townsend. DUSKY WARBLER. Similar to /Z. celata lutescens, but decidedly darker; bill and feet larger, wing shorter, and tail longer. Adult male.—Length (skins), 110.5-119.4 (116.8); wing, 57.7-59.9 (59.2); tail, 49.3-50 (49.8); exposed culmen, 10.6-11.9 (11.4); tarsus, 18-18.8 (18.3).! ' Five specimens. 468 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Length (skins), 116.8-119.4 (118.1); wing, 56.6— 57.4 (56.9); tail, 49-50 (49.5); exposed culmen, 10.4; tarsus, 18.5-18.8." Santa Barbara Islands, California (San Clemente, Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina islands); occasional on mainland (Pasadena, Los Angeles County, February and August). Helminthophila celata lutescens (not of Ridgway) Buaxr, Auk, iv, 1887, 330 (Santa Cruz I., California).—Brtpine, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 206, part (Santa Cruz I., breeding). SiN bed celata sordida TowNsEND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, no. 799, Sept. 9, 1890, 139 (San Clemente I., California; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.), 141 (Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check - List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 6466.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 607.— GRINNELL, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara Is., ete., 1897, 20 (San Clemente I.) ; Pub., ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 44 (Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., California, middle of July to Feb. 29) Auk, xv, 1898, 236 (Santa Catalina I., Dec.). HELMINTHOPHILA RUBRICAPILLA RUBRICAPILLA (Wilson). NASHVILLE WARBLER, Adult male.—Pileum, hindneck, auricular region and sides of neck plain gray; crown chestnut, the feathers tipped with gray; rest of upper parts plain olive-green, brightest on rump and upper tail-coverts; lores pale grayish or grayish white; a conspicuous white orbital ring; malar region and under parts bright gamboge yellow, becoming white on lower abdomen and anal region, tinged with olive on sides and flanks, especially the latter; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, more grayish brown (in dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 102.9-116.8 (106.9); wing, 56.4-61 (59.2); tail, 41.7-45.7 (43.9); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.6 (9.5); tarsus, 16.8-17.3 (17). Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but duller in color, and with little, if any, chestnut on crown; length (skins), 97.8—105.4 (102.9); wing, 54.6—58.9 (56.6); tail, 40.1-42.7 (41.4); exposed culmen, 9.1—9.6 (9.4); tarsus, 16.8-17.8 (73). 3 Young in first autumn.—Much duller in color than adults; gray of head and neck replaced by brownish gray or grayish brown; olive- green of back duller; yellow of under parts duller, becoming brownish white on chin and malar region. Eastern North America, breeding from re husetts, Connecticut, northern New Jersey (Englewood), Pennsylvania (Dingmans Ferry, Pike County), northern Illinois, Nebraska (Nebraska City), ete., north- ward to Grand Menan and the Great Slave Lake district; southward in migration over more southern United States (east of Rocky Moun- tains) through eastern. Mexico to Guatemala; accidental in southern Greenland (two records: Gothaab, about 1835, and Fiskenzsset, Aug. 31, 1840). . ‘Two specimens, * Ten specimens. * Six specimens, Poet az nin Dt te ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. .- 469 Sylvia ruficapilla (not of Latham, 1790) Wrison, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 120, pl. 27, fig. 3.—Bonapartp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., iv, 1824, 197.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 450, pl. 89. M{[niotilta] ruficapilla Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [Mniotilta] ruficapilla Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3456. Helminthophaga ruficapilla Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 256; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 183, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 175, part.— (?)ScuaterR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 373 (Oaxaca, Feb.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 29.—Buaxisron, Ibis, 1863, 62 (Great Slave Lake).—AL.en, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 59 (Massachusetts, breeding); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Mar.); iii, 1872, 175, part (Kansas).—(?)Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas).— McIiwrairn, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Ontario).—Sumr1- cHrAst, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter).— Cougs, Check List, 1873, no. 67, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 106, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 50, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 224, part.—Herricx, Bull, Essex Inst., v, 1878, 30 (Grand Menan).—Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 196, part, pl. 11, fig. 7.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xvii, 1875, 489 (New England, summer resid. ).—Nerwron, Man. N. H. Greenland, 1875, 99 (Gothaab, 1835, and Fiskenzesset, Aug. 31, 1840).— (?) Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Dec., Jan. ).—Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 170, part; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 85, part.—Sennerr, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 12 (near Hidalgo, Texas); v, 1879, 386 (Lometa, Texas, Apr. 11 to 26).— MErRILL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 123 (Fort Brown, Texas, Apr. ).— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 187 8, 57 (deser. young).— Satvin and GopmaAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 115, part. —(?)Sanvin, Cat. Strick- land Coll., 1882, 89 (Guatemala). | Helminthophaga] ruficapilla Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95.—Scrarer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. H[elminthophaga] ruficapilla Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). [ Helminthophaga ruficapilla] var. ruficapilla Batrpd, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, in text. Helminthophila ruficapilla Rrpaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 128.—Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 370 (Gaspé Bay, Gulf St. Lawrence, July 15).—Brckne.i, Auk, i, 1884, 211 (song).— SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 242, 640, part.—Rawpn, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc., iii, 1886, 137 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding ).—AMERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 645.—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 241 (Mississippi Valley localities and dates; breeding from n. Illinois and Nebraska northward ).—Cuapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 198, 304 (Englewood, New Jersey, breeding).—THompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 616 (Manitoba, breeding).—Wurrr, Auk, x, 1893, 227 (Mackinac I., Michigan, rare summer resid. ).—Conapon, Auk, xii, 1895, 190 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d an. meet., 1901, 57 (Nebraska City, Nebraska, breeding). H (elminthophila ruficapilla] Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.—Ripe- way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 489. Helmintophila ruficapilla Neurune, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 189. Sylvia rubricapilla Witson, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 15 (index).—Bonaparrr, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 7.—AupDuUBoN, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 450, pl. 89.—Nurraut, Man. Orn. U. 8S. and Can., i, 1832, 412. Sylvia ( Vermivora) rubricapilla Swainson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 220. 470 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vermivora rubricapilla Swarnson and Ricwarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pl. 42, upper fig.—Jarping, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 407.—BoNnaApartE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 472.—Rernuarpt, Vid. Med. Nat. Forh., 1854, 82 (Green- land).—Brewer, Proc. Bost., Soc., vi, 1856, 4 (descr. nest and eggs). Sylvicola rubricapilla RrcHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 171. Helinaia rubricapilla AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 70; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 103, pl. 113. [ Helmitheros] rubricapilla Bonapartsr, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 315. Helmitheros rubricapillus Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). H{elminthophaga] rubricapilla CaBantis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20.—SciatTer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). Mniotilta rubricapilla Retrnarpt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Gotthaab and Fiskenzesset, Greenland, 2 specimens). Helminthophila rubricapilla Faxon, Auk, xiii, July 1896, 263.—AmERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ UNToN Commitrrrr, Auk, xiv, 1897, 130. Sylvia leucogastra StEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 622 (based on Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson). Sylvia nashvillei BONNATERRE and VIEILLOT, Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 451. [ Helminthophaga ruficapilla.] var. ocularis Ripaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191 (Chicago, Illinois; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. ). HELMINTHOPHILA RUBRICAPILLA GUTTURALIS (Ridgway). CALAVERAS WARBLER, Similar to /Z. v. rubricapilla, but olive-green of rump and upper tail-coverts brighter, more yellowish, yellow of under parts brighter, lower abdomen more extensively whitish, and greater wing-coverts lighter, more yellowish olive-green.* Adult male.—Length (skins), 102.9-120.6 (113.3); wing, 58.9-62.5 (60.2); tail, 438.2-47.7 (45.5); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.6); tarsus, 16.5-17.3 (16.8). Adult female.—Length (skins), 97.8-104.1 (102.1); -wing, 53.8-55.6 (54.6); tail, 38.9-41.1 (40.4); exposed culmen, 8.6—9.6 (9.1); tarsus, 16.3-17 (16.5).° Western United States, breeding on high mountains, from the Sierra Nevada (Calaveras Co., California) to British Columbia (Vernon, Nelson, Okanogan district, etc.), eastward to-‘eastern Oregon (Fort Klamath), northern Idaho (Fort Sherman), etc.; southward during migration to extremity of Lower California, and over western and northern Mexico, and southeastward to Texas (San Antonio; Tom Green County; Concho County). 1TIn many specimens one or more of the characters given above fail of verification, but in no case, so far as the material examined indicates, do they all fail. *Six specimens. ’Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Av1 Helminthophaga ruficapilla (not Sylvia ruficapilla Wilson) Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 923 (Fort Tejon, California); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 183, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 175, part.—Xanrus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 141 (Fort Tejon).—(?) Sciarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 373 (Oaxaca); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1862, 29.—(?) Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477 (San Antonio, Texas).—Cooprr, Orn Cal., 1870, 82.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175, part (Utah) .— Cours, Check List, 1873, no. 67, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 106, part; Birds N.W., 1874, 50, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 224, part.—Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 177 (Colorado; Utah; Nevada); vii, 1875, 21 (e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada); Ibis, 1876, 170, part; Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 427 (East Hum- boldt Mts., Sept.); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ili, 1878, 65 (Calaveras Co., Cali- fornia, breeding); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 85 part.—Barrp, BREWER, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, part, pl. 11, fig. 8.—Hensnaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1874, 41; Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 188 (Camp Crittenden, Arizona, Aug. 27 to Sept. 1).—Netson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 489 (California).—(?) Lawrence, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Dec., Jan.).—BrLpING, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 404 (Calaveras Co., California, breeding).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 115, part. [ Helminthophaga] ruficapilla Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 95, part. —ScLATER and Sautvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. H{[elminthophaga] ruficapilla Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 168, part. Helminthophila ruficapilla SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 242, 640, part (Presidio, near Mazatlan; Ciudad Durango). _ Helminthophaga ruficapilla . . . var. BAtrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist.N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pl. 11, fig. 8 (California). [ Helminthophaga ruficapilla.] var. gutturalis Rrpaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 191, in text (Kast Humboldt Mts., Nevada; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. ). Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 352.—AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 645a.— TowNsEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 223 (Baird and Castle Lake, n. California, breeding ).—Lioyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 295 (Tom Green and Concho counties, w. Texas, migr.).—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 33 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, Sept. ).—Merritt, Auk, v, 1888, 360 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon, breeding ).— Arrwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 340 (San Antonio, Texas, migr. ).—RuHoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54 (Nelson and Vernon, e. British Columbia). Helminthophila rubricapilla gutturalis Faxon, Auk, xiii, July, 1896, 264, in text.— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CommiTTEg, Auk, xiv, 1897, 181.—Mezr- RILL, Auk, xv, 1898, 18 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, breeding).—Brooxs, Auk, xvii, 1900, 107 (Okanogan district, British Columbia). HELMINTHOPHILA VIRGINIZ (Baird). VIRGINIA’S WARBLER, Adult male in spring and summer.—Upper parts plain smoke gray, the rump and upper tail-coverts bright yellowish olive-green or olive- yellow; crown chestnut, the feathers tipped with gray (except in worn plumage); a conspicuous white orbital ring; sides of head rather paler gray than upper parts, fading into grayish white on malar region and lores; chest and (usually) throat clear lemon yellow (usually paler 472 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. anteriorly); under tail-coverts lemon yellow; under wing-coverts and axillars dull white; rest of under parts dull white medially shading into pale smoke gray laterally; maxilla dusky horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler horn color (more bluish in life); iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color in dried skins. Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the summer male but strongly tinged with brown above and on flanks, yellow of chest duller, and chestnut crown-patch concealed by very broad brownish gray tips to the feathers. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar in coloration to the adult male but colors duller, especially the yellowish olive-green of rump and upper tail-coverts; chestnut crown-patch usually more restricted, sometimes nearly obsolete; gray of back, ete., browner; yellow of chest paler and never(?) extended over throat; that of the under tail-coverts also paler. Young (4) female in first autumn.'—Similar to the adult female, but under parts pale buffy or buffy whitish medially, the chest only very faintly, if at all, tinged with yellow. Young in first plumage.—Middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale dull buffy, forming two rather distinct bars; chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast pale brownish-gray, the sides and flanks sim- ilar, but still paler; median portion of breast and abdomen white; otherwise like autumnal adults or young in first autumn. Adult male.—Length (skins), 103.6-109.2 (106.4); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2); exposed culmen, 8.9-9.9 (9.4); tarsus, 16-17.8 (17).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 101.6; wing, 57.4-60.4 (58.9); tail, 45.5-46.7 (46); exposed culmen, 9.4; tarsus, 17.3.° Rocky Mountain district of United States, from Colorado and Wyoming to Nevada, southward through central and western Mexico to States of Guanajuato and Jalisco (Bolafios); breeding in higher mountains. (Southern limit of breeding range unknown.) Helminthophaga virginie Barrp, Cat. N. A. Birds, 1859, no. 183a (nomen nudum) ; Birds N. Amer., 1860, Atlas, p. xi, footnote, pl. 79, fig. 1 (Fort Burgwyn, New Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 177.—Covuzs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 66; 2d ed. 1882, no. 105; Birds N. W., 1874, 51; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 222.—Coorrr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 85 (Prescott, Arizona; Fort Burgwyn, New Mexico) .—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 ( El Paso Co., Colorado; descr. nest and eggs).—Ripe@way, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 172 (Salt Lake City, Utah, breeding), 180 (Colorado); vii, 1875, 20 (East Humboldt Mts., Nevada), 32 (Wahsatch Mts., Utah); Ibis, 1876, 170; Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 428; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 84.—Barirp, Brewer, and Ripeaway, Hist. N. Amer. Birds, i, 1874, 199, pl. 11, fig. 12; ili, 1874, 504.—Hernsnaw, Zool. 1This plumage may in reality represent that of the adult female in autumn. * Four specimens. Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 473 Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 189 (White Mts., Arizona, Aug. 11; Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico, Sept. 15; Navajo Creek, Colorado, Sept. 11).—Mrnor, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vy, 1880, 226 (Manitou, Colorado; deser. song). [ Helminthophaga] virginiex Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. A elminthophaga] virginie Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). [ Mniotilta] virginie GiEBEL, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 189. Helminthophila virginix Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54.— Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 155 (Colorado Springs, Colorado; remarks on plumage).—SuHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 247, 641.— AMERICAN OrRNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 644.—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 33 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, above 3,500 ft.; breeding?). H(elminthophila] virginie Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 490. Helmintophila virgin NEARLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 188. HELMINTHOPHILA CRISSALIS Salvin and Godman. COLIMA WARBLER. Similar to /Z. wrginie, but upper parts brown instead of gray, rump ‘* oleagineous” instead of olive-yellow, under tail-coverts oleagineous chestnut instead of yellow, and under parts gray (without any yellow on chest?). Adult female.—Ahbove oleagineous brown, the lower back and rump clear oleagineous; crown with a partly concealed patch of chestnut; wings and tail fuscous; orbital ring and lores white; beneath dull ash gray, the flanks more brownish, the middle of abdomen whitish, the under tail-coverts clear oleagineous chestnut; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet dusky hazel, the mandible paler basally; length, 127; wing, 63.5; tail, 53.6; bill; from point to rictus, 14; tarsus, 19. (Free translation of original description.) Southwestern Mexico, in State of Colima (Sierra Nevada.) Helminthophila crissalis SALVIN and GopMAN, Ibis, 6th ser., i, July, 1889, 380 (Sierra Nevada, Colima, Mexico; cell. Salvin and Godman). HELMINTHOPHILA LUCIZ (Cooper). : LUCY’S WARBLER. Adult male in spring and summer.—Above plain mouse gray; crown chestnut, the feathers more or less extensively tipped (except in worn plumage) with gray; upper tail-coverts bright chestnut; lores, orbital ring, and entire under parts white, tinged with pale brownish gray lat- erally, and also tinged more or less strongly with buff, especially on chest; maxilla dusky horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler, more grayish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins). Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer plumage, but above tinged with brown, the chestnut crown-patch con- cealed by very broad brownish gray tips to the feathers; under parts pale brownish buff, becoming white, or nearly so, on abdomen. 474 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the male of corre- sponding season, and not always distinguishable, but usually with the chestnut crown-patch more restricted (rarely obsolete) and chestnut of both crown-patch and upper tail-coverts lighter or less intense. Young, jirst plumage.—Essentially like adults, but much clearer white beneath; no trace of chestnut on crown; upper tail-coverts ochraceous-buff instead of chestnut; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with whitish or pale buffy, producing two rather distinct bars. Adult male.—Length (skins), 91.4-102.9 (98.3);* wing, 55.1-58.2 (56.9); tail, 41.1-43.9 (42.9); exposed culmen, 8.4-8.9 (8.4); tarsus, 16-16.5 (16.3). Adult female.—Length (skins), 91.9-95.2 (93.5);° wing, 51.6-52.8 (52.1); tail, 37.3-39.9 (38.6); exposed culmen, 7.6-8.9 (8.4); tarsus, 15.5-15.7 (15.5).! Arizona, southwestern Utah (lower Santa Clara Valley), and south- ward through Sonora and other States of western Mexico to Jalisco (Bolafios; Santana). Helminthophaga lucie Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., July, 1862, 120 (Fort Mojave, Arizona; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.); Amer. Nat., iii, 1869, 476, 479; Orn. Cal., 1870, 84.—Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 178.—Covsgs, Ibis, 1866, 260 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 493 (Tucson, Arizona; descr. sup- posed nest and eggs); Check List, 1873, no. 65; 2d ed. 1882, no. 104; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 219.—Etuiort, Illustr. New and Unfig. N. Am. Birds, i, 1869, pl. 5.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1873, 107 (descr. supposed nest and eggs).—Batrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 200, pl. 11, fig. 9; iii, 1874, 504 (Tucson, Arizona, breeding).—HEnsHaw, Zool. Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 190 (Camp Lowell, Arizona).—Ripeway, Ibis, 1876, 170; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 83. [ Helminthophaga] lucie Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 94. H{elminthophaga] lucie Ripaway, Ibis, 1876, 168 (diagnosis). [ Mniotilta] lucie Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 239, no. 3426.—GreBEL, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 603. Helminthophila lucie Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, Jan., 1882, 54.—Brew- ster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 82 (Cienega Station, etc., Arizona; hab- its, nest and eggs, deser. young, etc.)—SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 248, 641.—AmERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 643.—FisHer, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 117 (lower Santa Clara Valley, s. w. Utah, breeding). H{elminthophila] lucie Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 294.—Rimeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 490. Helmintophila lucie Nearurne, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 188. 1 Length before skinning, 109.2-114.3 (111); extremes and average of twelve speci- mens; see Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 84, 85. > Five specimens. ’ Length before skinning, 104.1-114.3 (108.7); extremes and average of thirteen specimens; see Brewster, as cited above. *Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERIOA. 475 Genus OREOTHLYPIS Ridgway. Oreothlypis Ripaway, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 169, in text. (Type, Compsothlypis gut- turalis Cabanis. ) Similar to Helminthophila but tail relatively longer (difference between length of tail and length of wing decidedly less than length of tarsus), and style of coloration very different. Bill much shorter than head, narrowly wedge-shaped, very acute, with straight culmen and gonys; moderately compressed, the maxil- lary tomium without subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval or subcuneate, with broad superior operculum or membrane. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, with tip rather rounded (ninth primary shorter than sixth, the eighth, seventh, and sixth longest and nearly equal; wing-tip about equal to tarsus (in QO. superciliosa) or shorter (in O. gutturalis). Tail equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries and slightly rounded (in O. gutturalis) or decid- edly longer and emarginate (OQ. superciliosa), the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus much longer than commissure, a little more than one-fourth as long as wing, its scutella indistinct (sometimes fused on outer side); middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to both outer and inner toes (to the outer toe for most of its length in 0. superciliosa). Coloration.—Gray above, with black patch on back, the throat and chest orange; or gray and olive-green above with broad and conspic- uous white superciliary stripe, the throat, chest, and breast yellow, with a spot of chestnut on center of chest. Nidification unknown. Range.—Highlands of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Chiriqui. (Two species. ) This genus is very distinct from Compsothlypis, to which the slight resemblance, chiefly of coloration in one species, is purely superficial. Structurally, in the absence of rictal bristles and less amount of adhe- sion between basal portion of middle and outer toes, and in the longer tail, it comes much nearer to Helminthophila, from which it is to be distinguished chiefly by the relatively longer tail and different style of coloration. The two species referred to Orcothlypis differ conspicuously in their coloration and to a considerable extent in structural details, and may possibly be wrongly associated. O. swperciliosa has the anterior toes considerably more united at the base, the basal phalanx of the middle toe being joined for most of its length to the outer toe and for more than half its length to the inner, while in O. gutturalis the fusion extends for about half the distance of the phalanx on each side. 476 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OREOTHLYPIS. a. Above bluish gray, with a triangular patch of black on back; chin, throat, chest, and upper breast cadmium orange; no white on side of head. (Highlands of Costa, Rica and "Chiniqui:) 2222" s--e nce nee oe Oreothlypis gutturalis (p. 476) aa. Above olive-green, with pileum, hindneck, wings, and tail gray; chin, throat, chest, and upper breast canary yellow, the chest with a central spot of chest- nut; a broad whitesuperciliary stripe. (Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. ) Oreothlypis superciliosa (p. 477) OREOTHLYPIS GUTTURALIS (Cabanis). IRAZU WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike). — Above plain slate-gray, the back with a large triangular patch of black; lores, suborbital region, and anterior por- tion of malar region black, fading gradually into the slate-gray of the malar region; chin, throat, and chest rich orange or cadmium orange (varying to indian yellow or cadmium yellow, sometimes almost flame scarlet); median portion of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white; sides and flanks light gray (no. 7 or no. 8); bill blackish, with lower basal portion light colored; iris brown; legs and feet (in dried skins) dusky horn color. Young jfemale.'—Above dull plumbeous-gray, with a triangular patch of black on the back, as in the adult; chin, throat, and chest pale dingy buff, the feathers grayish white beneath the surface, their bases deeper grayish; rest of under parts whitish medially, grayish laterally. Adult male.—Length (skins), 106-122 (116); wing, 64-67 (65.5); tail, 48-50 (48.7); exposed culmen, 10-12 (10.7); tarsus, 15-19 (17); middle toe, 10-12 (10.7).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 100-123 (111); wing, 59-64 (61.5); tail, 42-48 (45), exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 18-19 (18.5); middle toe, 11-12 (11.5).° High mountains of Costa Rica (Volean de Irazti; Rancho Redondo) and Chiriqui (Volean de Chiriqui). ; Compsothlypis gutturalis CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., Sept., 1860, 329 (Irazu, Costa Rica; coll. Berlin Mus. ). Parula gutturalis Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, 172 (Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 93 (Irazti, Costa Rica. )— Franrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 292 (Irazi, Costa Rica).—Satvin, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 182 (Volean de Chiriqui, Chiriqui).—Boucarp, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (Volean de Irazti, alt. 6,000 ft.).—Sanvin and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 123, pl. 8, fig. 3.—Nurrrne, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 494 (Volean de Iraztii).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 263, 643. [Parula] gutturalis ScLaTeR and Satvry, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. 1Described from a specimen (no. 2116) in the Costa Rica National Museum, from Anchiote, Costa Riéa. * Four specimens. *’'Two specimens. eS ————— — i a ed gt ae go ov = sr. an te se ie BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 47 “Plarula]”’ gutturalis Barrp, BrewEr, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, in text. [ Mniotilta] gutturalis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 258, no, 3452. Oreothlypis gutturalis Rrpaway, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 169; Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 473 (descr. young female).—ZELEDOoN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 105; Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 106 (Irazti).—CHERRIB, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 524 (descr. young). OREOTHLYPIS SUPERCILIOSA (Hartlaub). HARTLAUB’S WARBLER, Adult male.—Pileum, hindneck, sides of head, and auricular region plain deep slate-gray or slate color, changing to darker slate or dull blackish on orbital region and lores; a conspicuous superciliary stripe of white extending from base of maxilla to behind auriculars; back, scapulars, and rump plain bright olive-green; wings, upper tail-cov- erts, and tail slate-gray, the inner webs of rectrices edged with white, most broadly on outer pair; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast bright yellow (lemon or gamboge), the upper chest marked with a transverse (usually crescentic) spot or patch of rich chestnut; abdomen and under tail-coverts white; sides and flanks light olive- grayish; maxilla brownish black or dusky; mandible pale horn color (in dried skins); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 106.7-116.8 (111.2); wing, 61.5-65.3 (63); tail, 45-49.3 (48); exposed culmen, 10.2-11.9 (10.7); tarsus, 13.5-16 (15.7); middle toe, 9.4-10.4 (SED)ee Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and sometimes not distin- euishable, but usually slightly duller in color, with the chestnut jugular spot smaller, paler, often obsolete, sometimes wanting; yellow of throat, etc., rather paler; length (skins), 104.1-114.3 (109.5); wing, 58.4-60.4 (59.9); tail, 48.4-46.7 (45.5); exposed culmen, 10.2-10.9 (10.7); tarsus, 15.5-16.8 (16.3); middle toe, 9.6—-10.4 (10.2).? Young, first plumage.—Similar to duller-colored adult females, but plumage of looser texture, gray parts tinged with olive, and the mid- dle and greater wing-coverts tipped with dull whitish or buffy, pro- ducing two narrow bars.* Highlands of Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Jesus Maria), Durango (Ciudad Durango; El Salto), Jalisco (Sierra Nevada; San Sebastian), Michoacan (Patzcuaro), Puebla (Huachinango), Vera Cruz (Orizaba; Mirador; Las Vigas), Hidalgo (Real del Monte; El Chico), Guerrero (mountains near Chilpancingo), Oaxaca (La Parada; Talea; Cerro San Felipe), and Chiapas (San Cristobal); highlands of Guatemala (Coban to Chisec; Quezaltenango; Volcan de Fuego; Santa Barbara; Calderas). ' Ten specimens. * Four specimens. *The two specimens from which the above description was taken are full-grown and only partly in first plumage, the yellow of anterior lower parts having already been acquired, 478 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Conirostrum superciliosum HArtLAus, Rey. Zool., 1844, 215. Parula superciliosa SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 373 (Talea, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 26 (La Parada).—SciaTer and Saxvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala).—Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, 171 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; alpine reg.).—Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 545 (alpine region, Vera Cruz).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 122, pl. 8, fig. 2 (Quezaltenango, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Chuacus, and Santa Barbara, Guatemala, etc. ).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 255, 642 (near City of Mexico; Ciudad Durango; Oaxaca; Calderas, Guatemala, etc. ). [ Parula] superciliosa ScLaTER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. “Plarula]’’ superciliosa Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, in text. [ Mniotilta] superciliosa Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3450. Oreothlypis superciliosa Ripaway, Auk, i, April, 1884, 169; Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 481, footnote, in text. CLompsothlypis] mexicana CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 21 (Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus.; ex Sylvia mexicana Lichtenstein, manuscript). [Parula] mexicana Bonaparte, Consp. Avy., i, 1850, 310.—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 237, footnote. é Hypothymis mexicana LicutENstern, Journ. fiir Orn., Jan., 1863, 58. Genus COMPSOTHLYPIS Cabanis. Chloris (not of Cuvier, 1799) Born, Isis, 1826, 972. (Type, Parus americanus Linneus. ) Sylvicola (not of Harris, 1782,'nor of Humphrey, 1797) Swarnson, Zool. Journ., iii, July, 1827, 160. (Type, Parus americanus Linneeus. ) Parula (not Parulus Spix, 1824) Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20. (Type, Parus americanus Linneeus. ) Compsothlypis! CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20. (Type, Parus americanus Linnezeus. ) Small arboreal Mniotiltidee with narrowly wedge-shaped acute bill, distinct rictal bristles, and basal phalanx of middle toe united for greater part of its length to outer toe. Bill much shorter than head, narrowly wedge-shaped and acute, but with culmen perceptibly curved, at least toward tip; maxillary tomium without subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval or subcuneate, overhung by rather broad operculum. Rictal bristles distinct. Wing moderate or rather long, rather pointed (four outermost primaries abruptly longest and nearly equal, but varying in relative length); wing-tip decidedly shorter than tarsus. Tail shorter than distance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries, emarginate. Tarsus much longer than commissure, decidedly less than one-third as long as wing, 'From Gr. Kosywos and GAvmis. Kouwos=cared for, adorned, elegant, from koméo, I take care of (cfr. L. comptus and como), and kindred with Kou (L. coma), the hair considered as an ornament for the head. OdAvzis, a name of a bird said to be found in some codices of Aristoteles (VIII, 5. 4) where others have §pavuzis, or §oanis, a thistle-eating bird, not determinable (from §9av@, I break, with which is kindred 6A da, of the same signification, and 9AzG@, lrub. 9pavzis, 6panis, (Aanis, 6Avnis?).—Com-pso-thly’-pis. (Stejneger, Auk, i, 1884, 168, footnote. ) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 479 its scutella indistinct (more or less fused on outer side); middle toe with claw much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length, or slightly more, to inner toe. Coloration.—Bluish gray or grayish blue above, with an olive-green patch on interscapular region; beneath with more or less of yellow; wings usually with white bands. Nidification (so far as known).—Nest concealed within pendant tufts of arboreal lichens or filiform epiphytes. PRange.—Eastern United States and tropical America in general; West Indies in winter. (Three species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF COMPSOTHLYPIS. a. Throat and breast yellow; back olive-green. (Adults. ) b. Posterior half, or more, of under parts white, or at least not distinctly yellow; a white spot on each eyelid; malar region gray or bluish. (Compsothlypis americana. ) ec. Brighter in color; general hue of upper parts grayish blue; throat and breast bright yellow, the chest with more or less of orange-tawny, chestnut, or dusky, or with all these colors. (Adult males. ) d. Duiler in color, usually without any distinct dusky band or conspic- uous intermixture of chestnut across chest; bill larger (exposed cul- men averaging 10.6). (South Atlantic States, north to coast of Virginia, occasionally farther northward and westward. ) Compsothlypis americana americana, adult male (7p. 481) dd. Brighter in color, usually with a distinct, often very conspicuous, dusky band and intermixture of chestnut on chest; bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging less than 10). e. Larger (wing averaging 60.6, tail 42.5). (Northeastern United States, breeding from interior districts of Maryland anu Virginia northward.) Compsothlypis americana usnex, adult male (p. 484) ee. Smaller (wing averaging 57.4, tail 40.9). (Mississippi Valley, breeding from Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas to Minnesota and Michigan.) Compsothlypis americana ramaline, adult male (p. 486) cc. Duller in color; general hue of upper parts gray or bluish gray; throat and breast pale Pelion: the chest similar, or with but little and inconspicuous, if any, admixture of orange-tawny or dusky. (Adult females.) d. Wing averaging more than 54, tail averaging more than 39. e. Smaller, with larger bill (wing averaging 54.7, tail 39.6, exposed culmen TORU ee Hae es Compsothlypis americana americana, adult female (p. 481) ee. Larger, with smaller bill (wing averaging 56.9, tail 40.1, exposed culmen O80) eect aney esters ee Compsothlypis americana usnee, adult female (p. 484) dd. Wing averaging 50.2, tail 38.5. Compsothlypis americana ramaline, adult female (p. 486) bb. Less than posterior half of under parts white; no white on eyelids; malar region yellow. e Lores and suborbital region black or dusky; subterminal white spot on inner web of lateral rectrices large and sharply defined; posterior under parts largely white; colors much brighter, the adult males distinctly bluish gray or grayish blue above, and with yellow of under parts deepening into tawny- yellow or orange-ochraceous on chest. (Compsothlypis pitiayumi. ) 480 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. d. Middle wing-coverts without distinct, if any, white tips; flanks yellow. e. Darker and more richly colored; pileum, hindneck, rump, ete., dull indigo blue; throat and chest rich orange-ochraceous or orange-tawny ; white tips to greater wing-coverts more distinct. (Nicaragua to Isthmus of Panama.) 2 o--< sees Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa, adults (p. 487) ee. Paler; pileum, hindneck, rump, etc., bluish slate-color; throat and chest gamboge yellow, sometimes slightly tinged with orange-ochraceous; white tips to greater wing-coverts less distinct, sometimes obsolete. (Guatemala; State of Chiapas, southern Mexico. ) Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata, adults (p. 488) dd. Middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with white’; flanks not yellow. e. Tail not more than 43.9, tarsus not more than 16; wing averaging not more than 54.6 in male, nor more than 51.8 in female; flanks dull whitish, slightly if at all tinged with either grayish or rusty brownish. f. Smaller (wing averaging 51.6 in male, 47 in female; tafl averaging 39.9 in male, 35.3 in female); less white on wing-coverts, that on greater coverts occupying less than exposed terminal half; flanks paler, dull white, slightly if at all tinged with gray or rusty. (Eastern Mexico and southern Texas. ) . .Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora, adults (p. 490) ff. Larger (wing averaging 54.6 in male, 51.8 in female; tail averaging 40.9 . in male, 39.6 in female); more white on wing-coverts, that on greater coyerts extending nearly to tips of middle coverts; flanks darker, more or less tinged with gray or rusty, or both. (Western Mexico. ) Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra, adults (p. 491) ee. Tail not less than 46.5, tarsus not less than 18.5; wing averaging 57.4 in male, 54.6 in female; flanks deep grayish, strongly tinged with rusty brownish. (Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. ) Compsothlypis pitiayumi insularis, adults (p. 492) c. Lores and suborbital region grayish, flecked with whitish or pale yellowish; white subterminal spot on inner webs of lateral rectrices smaller, not sharply defined, sometimes obsolete; posterior under parts pale yellowish, the flanks shaded with olive; colors much duller, the adult male dull gray (often tinged with olive) above, and with yellow of under parts not deeper on chest. (Socorro Island, northwestern Mexico. ) Compsothlypis graysoni, adults (p. 492) aa. Throat and breast whitish or pale grayish; back brownish gray or grayish olive. (Young. ) b. Wing with two white bands. c. Chest and sides of breast distinctly gray. Compsothlypis americana americana, young (p. 482) ce. Chest and sides of breast not distinctly gray (scarcely different in color from other lower parts) ------ - Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra, young’ (p. 490) bb. Wing without any white bands. Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata, young” (p. 488) 1In this character agreeing with the South American C. p. pitiaywmi, in which, however, the flanks are yellow, as in the two Central American forms, C. p. speciosa and (©. p. inornata. Specimens from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Atlantic side) are of intermediate character, in fact are intergrades betweenC. p. inornata and C. p. nigrilora. 2 Young of ©. p. nigrilora, C. p. insularis, C. p. speciosa, and C. graysoni not seen, Ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 481 COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA AMERICANA (Linnzus). PARULA WARBLER. Adult male.—Head and neck, except chin, throat, lores, and eyelids, dull grayish blue or bluish gray; lores darker, usually blackish; a small white spot or streak on posterior portion of upper eyelid, and a larger spot of white on lower eyelid; interscapular region yellowish olive-green, forming a triangular patch; scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, upper tail-coverts, and middle rectrices plain bluish gray, rather lighter than color of head; middle and greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices (except middle pair) blackish or dusky, edged with bluish gray, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands, the anterior of which is broadest; inner webs of three outermost rectrices with a large subterminal spot. of white, of which that on the exterior rectrix is much the largest; chin, throat, and breast gamboge yellow; chest varying from plain yellowish tawny to deep tawny (the feathers margined with yellow) usually with more or less of dusky across the upper portion, sometimes forming a rather distinct narrow band, the yellow of the throat also sometimes tinged with tawny; sides of breast bluish gray, sometimes tinged with pale chestnut posteriorly; rest of under parts white, the sides and flanks tinged with grayish; maxilla black, mandible yellowish (bright yellow in life); iris brown; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 95-LOT (101.6); wing, 55.5-61 (58.5); tail, 40.5-45 (42.5); exposed culmen, 10-11.5 (10.6); tarsus, 15.5-17.5 (16.7).? Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but much duller in color, especially the under parts; gray of upper parts less bluish; yellow of throat, chest, and breast paler and duller, the chest only faintly, if at all, tinged with tawny, never with a distinct (usually without any) dusky band across upper portion; length (skins), 96—L08 (99.7); wing, 59-58.5 (54.7); tail, 37.5-42 (39.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.1); tarsus, 15.5-17 (16.1). ‘Twenty-one specimens. ? Eleven specimens. Breeding specimens from the coast of Virginia compare in measurements with those from South Carolina and Georgia, as follows: | 1X- ‘ Locality. Wing. | Tail. oe | Tarsus. ;culmen. | a MALES. | | Twelve adult males from South Carolina and Georgia ......--..---- | 58.8 42.7 | 10.6 | 16.7 Ninelaqultimales irom: coast of Varpinianss- see scence ]- eee ss eens) 58.3 42.2 10.6 | 16.6 FEMALES. | Seven adult females from South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida... .. | 5d,1 38.9 10.2 | 16, 2 Four adult females from coast of Virginia (Dismal Swamp)-....--..-- | 54.1 39.4 10.1 | 15.9 The two series are practically identical in coloration, 3654—VvoL 2—01—— 31 482 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young male in first autumn.—KEssentially like the adult male, but the bluish gray of upper parts more or less strongly tinged with olive- green, especially on head and neck; sides and flanks tinged with brown- ish buffy; yellow of throat and breast duller, the darker jugular area more or less obscured by yellowish tips or margins to the feathers; a whitish supraloral mark. (Adult males in winter differ from spring and summer specimens mainly, if not wholly, in having a slight tinge of olive-green to the bluish gray of head, neck, and rump and a slight olivaceous tinge to sides and flanks.) Young female in first autumn.—Differing from the adult female in the same characters which distinguish the young male in same plumage. Young, first plumage.—Above plain slate-gray, slightly tinged with olive-green; middle and greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped with white; chin and upper throat pale yellowish; lower throat, chest, sides, and flanks plain light gray (intermediate between mouse gray and gray no. 6); abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white; remiges and rectrices as in adults. More southern portions of Atlantic and eastern Gulf coast districts of United States, breeding from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama (vicin- ity of Mobile) at least to coast of Virginia (Cape Charles, Eastville, Dismal Swamp, ete.), probably to Delaware and southern New Jersey; occasional farther northward (District of Columbia and vicinity; Car- lisle, Pennsylvania; Sing Sing and Shelter Island, New York; Cape Cod, Massachusetts);’ also occasional in more southern portions of the interior (Rockwood, Tennessee, April 24; Mount Carmel, Llinois, April 19); apparently wintering mainly in Florida.” [ Parus] americanus Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 190 (Carolina; based on Parus fringillaris Catesby, Nat. Hit: Carolina, i, 64, pl. 64); ed. 12, i, 1766, 341.—GmMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 1007.—LarHam, Index Orn., 11, 1790, 571. [ Motacilla] americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 960. [Sylvia] americana LatHAm, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 520. Sylvia americana Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 83, ee Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 78, part, pl. 15. Sylvicola americana RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1836 (1837), 171.— AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 57, part, pl. 91. Parula americana BoNAPArtTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20, part.—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part. eee Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 108 (South Carolina); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, 20 (Bort Macon, North Cee) Check List, 1873, no. 58, gas 2d ae , 1882, oo Peierls number of specimens oon oe northern localities I am quite unable to distinguish from southern examples; in fact, if taken in Georgia or South Carolina, they would be considered very typical, some of them extreme, examples of the subspecies, as restricted. *}xtralimital specimens are so few in number and in such condition of plumage that Iam not able to make out satisfactorily the winter ranges of the three forms of this species. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 483 no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, part.— Merriam, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 86 (Ocklawaha R., Florida).—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part.—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 48 (Camden Co., Georgia, breeding ).—Loomts, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 211 (Chester Co., South Carolina, breed- ing).—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 88, part. [ Parula] americana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part.—ScuaTer and SAL- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. P{arula] americana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. M{[niotilta] americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. [ Mniotilta] americana Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 238, no. 3448, part. CLompsothlypis] americana CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20, part (in synonymy ).— Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. Compsothlypis americana SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico).—SrresnecER, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part.—AmerIcAN ORNI- THoLOGIstTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 648, part.—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1898, 193, part.—Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., Florida, breeding).—Brewster, Auk, xiii, 1896, 45 (diagnosis; crit. ). C[hloris] americana Jorpan, Man. Vertebr. E. U. 8., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. Motacilla eques Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 46 (based on Figuier cendré, de la Caroline, Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 731, fig. 1). (?) [Motacilla] ludoviciana GME.in, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 983 (Louisiana; based «n Ficedula ludoviciana Brisson, Orn., ii, 500, pl. 26, fig. 4) .1 (?) Motacilla ludoviciana Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. (2) [Sylvia] ludoviciana Larnam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535.—SrepHeEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 713. Sylvia torquata Visrtior, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 38, pl. 99 (based on Parus americanus Linneeus and Motacilla ludoviciana Gmelin); Ene. Méth., ii, 1828, 438. Thriothurus torquatus SrppHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xiv, 1826, 194. Sylvia pusilla (not of Latham, 1790) Witson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 17, pl. 28, fig. 3. Sylvicola pusilla Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 169. S[ylvicola] pusilla Swarnson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 245. The following references I am unable, chiefly from lack of satisfac- tory material, to allocate: Sylvia americana D’Orpieny, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 62. Sylvicola americana Jones, Naturalist in Bermuda, 1839, 59.—DeEnny, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, 38 (Cuba; Jamaica).—JArpINzE, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Ber- mudas, Jan.).—Hurpis, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 35 (Bermudas, Apr. 21).—Martens, Journ. ftir Orn., 1859, 213 (Bermudas).—Buanp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).—Brewenr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 67 (Bahamas), 184 (Porto Rico), 250 (Porto Rico). Parula americana Newton (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 143 (St. Croix).—Cassrn, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 376 (St. Thomas).—Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 26 (Jamaica).—GuNbLAcu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1873, 411 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 176 (Porto Rico).—A.srecnt, Journ. fir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— Marcu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 293 (Jamaica).—McItwrairn, Proc. ‘Very doubtfully a Compsothlypis, and if referable to the present species can only be applied, notwithstanding the locality, to the present form. Santo Domingo is also given as part of the range. 484 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Essex Inst., v. 1866, 85 (Ontario).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 267 (Florida, winter).—Corr, Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 395, 396, 397 (s. Alle- ghenies).—Scorr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 221 (West Virginia, breed- ing ).—Brewsrter, Ann. Lye. N. Y., i, 1875, 134 ( Virginia, breeding).—Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 55; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Santo Domingo); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 24. Compsothlypis americana CAaBANIs, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, 1855, 476 (Cuba).—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 26 (West Indian references and localities); viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher); Birds W. I., 1889, 40; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 117, 155 (St. Bartholomew).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Punta Rassa, Florida, migr.; Key West, Florida, winter).—CHerrrig, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (winter, till Apr. 2).—Wrupr, Auk, xiv, 1897, 289 (Cape May, New Jersey; nesting habits, ete. ).—Danrex, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, breeding). COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA USNE# Brewster. NORTHERN PARULA WARBLER. Similar to C. a. americana, but slightly larger, with smaller bill and darker, richer coloration; adult male with blue of upper parts deeper, and black of lores more intense; lower throat or upper chest (some- times both) blackish or dusky (the feathers sometimes tipped with chestnut), forming a more or less distinct, often very conspicuous, band; lower chest orange-tawny, tawny, or chestnut (the feathers usually margined with yellow), forming usually a distinct and often abruptly defined patch; sides usually more or less tinged or spotted with chestnut. Adult male.—Length (skins), 97-113 (104.7); wing, 57-63 (60.6); tail, 39.5-45 (42.5); exposed culmen, 9-11 (9.7); tarsus, 15.5-18 (16.8).? Adult female.—Lenegth (skins), 93-105 (99.7); wing, 54-59.5 (56.9); tail, 38.5-42 (40.1); exposed culmen, 9-10.5 (9.9); tarsus, 16-17 (16.5).? ' Thirty-four specimens. * Nine specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. culmen. MALES. | | | Twenty adult males from Massachusetts and Connecticut......._.- Glo aan 9.9. 16.7 Fourteen adult males from New York and Pennsylvania.........-- 60.6 42.5 9.7 16.8 Sixteen adult males from District of Columbia and vicinity........ 59.4 | 42.2 10.1 16.6 FEMALES. Six adult females from Massachusetts and Connecticut.....-.....-- 56.9 39.7 9.7 16.5 Three adult females from New York and Pennsylvania .-...-.--.--- 56.8 40.7 10.3 16.5 Eight adult females from District of Columbia and vicinity ........ 54.9 39.9 10.1 16.3 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 485 Eastern United States and British Provinces, breeding from the interior districts of Virginia and Maryland’ aerate to Maine, Anti- costi Island, New Brunswick, and northern Ontario(?); casual in south- ern Greenland; in winter throughout West Indies.” ¢ Sylvia americana (not Parus americanus Linnzeus) Bonapartr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., , 1826, 83, part.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 78, part.—PEABopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 11.—THompson, Nat. Hist. Vermont, App., 1853, p. 24. Sylvicola americana AuDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 57, part.—Purnam, Proc. Essex Inst., 1, 1856, 207 (Essex Co., Massa- chusetts).—Wutuis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. eee for 1858 (1859), 252 (Nova Scotia). S[ylvicola] americana MAxii1i1aAn, Journ. ftir Orn., 1858, 116, part (Pennsylvania) . Parula americana BoNapartr, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20, part.—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part.—VeERRILL, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ix, 1863, 233 (Oxford Co., Maine).—ALLEn, Proc. Essex Inst., iv 1864, 59 (Springfield, Massachusetts).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1868, 283 (vic. New York City).—Brewer, Am. Nat., i, 1867, 117 (nesting habits); xvii, 1875, 489 (New England).—Triprr, Am. Nat., ii, 1868, 177 (habits, ete.).—Cours, Proc. Essex. Inst., v, 1868, 269 (Essex Co., Massa- chusetts); Check List, 1873, no. 58, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, pare cinnrurne Birds E Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23. Phila. ed., 16.—MaAynarp, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1872, 361 (Upton, Maine, etc. ).—Herrick, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 30 (New Brunswick ).—Packarp, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 271 (eats cankerworm ).— Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part, pl. 10, fig. 7.—Nrwton (A.), Man. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 98 (Southern Inspectorate, 1 spec., 1857).—Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., aL 1884, 370 (Anticosti I., June, July); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 2 22 (descr. young).—Miunot, Birds New England, 1877, 99.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 88, part. [ Parula] americana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part. —ScLarer and Sa.- vin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, ete P{arula] americana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. M{niotilta] americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. : Mniotilta americana ReinuHarpt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (s. Greenland, 1 spec., 1857). [ Mniotilta] americana Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 258, no. 5448, part. (2?) C[Lompsothlypis] americana CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20, part (North America).—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. Compsothlypis americana STEJNEGER, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part.—BicKNELL, Auk, 1, 1884, 212 (song).—AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGIsSTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no 648, part.—Topp, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Beaver, Butler, and Armstrong coun- oa Pennsylvania, breeding).—NeEurRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., 1, 1893, 93 epart, pl. 11 figs i 1Specimens from me Tice of Columbia and adjacent parts of Maryland and Vir- ginia are mainly referable to this form, though averaging slightly less in length of wing and tail but more in length of bill; many are intermediate in coloration between the present form and C. a. americana, while occasional specimens can not be distin- guished from the latter. 2Some West Indian (winter) specimens are undoubtedly of this form; but the differences between (. a. usnee and C. a. americana in winter plumage are so much obscured that it is difficult to distinguish them at that season. 486 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. C{hloris] americana Jorpan, Man. Vertebr. E. U. S., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. Compsothlypis americana usnee Brewster, Auk, xiii, Jan., 1896, 44 (Lake Umba- gog, Maine; coll. W. Brewster).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION Com- miItrer, Auk, xiv, 1897, 123.—(?)FLemine, Auk, xviii, 1901, 43 (Muskoka, etc., n. Ontario, breeding). COMPSOTHLYPIS AMERICANA RAMALINZE:! Ridgway. WESTERN PARULA WARBLER. Similar in coloration to C. a. usnew, but smaller even than (. a. americana. Adult male.—Length (skins), 92-105 (94.8); wing, 54.5-61.5 (57.5); tail, 89-45 (40.9); exposed culmen, 8-11 (9.9); tarsus, 16-17 (16.5).® Adult female.—Length (skins), 97-101 (98.3); wing, 52.5-54 (53.5); tail, 37.5-40 (88.5); exposed culmen, 9-10.5 (9.8); tarsus, 14.5-16.5 (15.8).° Sylvia americana (not Parus americanus Linnzeus) AupuBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 78, part. Sylvicola americana AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 59, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 57, part.—Woopnouss, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zufii and Col. R., 1853, 71.—Hoy, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).—ReEap, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi., 1853, 399 (n. Ohio).—Prarren, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soe., 1855, 602 (Illinois). —Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 202 (Tlac- otalpam, Vera Cruz).—Trippr, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 114 (Minnesota). Parula americana Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List. 1838, 20, part.—Barirp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 238, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 168, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 169, part.—ScLarer and Sayin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala).—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 476 (San Antonio, Texas).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1From Ramalina, a genus of lichens, species of which are very abundant in bottom-land forests of the lower Mississippi Valley, where in many localities fre- quented by the present bird it is much more abundant than Usnea, if not altogether replacing the latter. 2 Twenty-six specimens. ’ Three specimens. Average measurements for different localities are as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. culmen. . MALES. Seven adult males from Michigan (6) and Minnesota (1) ...-...----- 58.6 41.6 9.2 16.4 Six adult males from southern Illinois and Indiana ...........-.-.--- 58.4 41.6 10.1 16.6 Four adult males from Louisiana and Mississippi ........-.---.----- 56.7 40.6 10.4 | 16.5 Nine adult males from Texas) << 2.222 6e2- ais 5 atesice nw deeecs access =e 56.1 | 40.1 10.1 16.7 FEMALES. One adult female from southern Indiana (Knox Co.) .....-.-.----- 54 38 9 14.5 One adult female from Louisiana (New Orleans) ........-.--------- 52.5 37.5 9.8 16.5 One adult female from Texas (San Antonio) ..............--..----- 54 40 10.5 16.5 The coloration is very uniform throughout the extensive area inhabited by this form, breeding males from Louisiana and Texas being as richly colored and with as conspicuous a dusky chest-band as those from Minnesota and Michigan. Be LS at 2 whe pI L® vies 3g ob AMG Ae co >. a Se lias Slane, ite BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 487 no. 4, 1876, 15 (Santa Efigenia and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Oct., Jan.).— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, win- ter).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124, 175 (Kansas, etc. ); Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 265 (Leaevnworth, Kansas).—ArkeEn, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 (Colorado, 1 spec., May 11.)—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 58, part, 2d ed., 1882, no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 46, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, part.—Scorr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 141 (w. Missouri, breeding).—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 196 (Colorado) .— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4 (Leavenworth ).—Rinaway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1875, 180 (Colorado); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 88, part.—Ames, Bull. Minn. Ac. Sci., 1874, 55 (Minnesota).—Bairp, Brewer, and Rrnaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part; iii, .1874, 504 (El Paso Co., Colorado).— NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 8 (s. e. Texas, breeding).—Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 90 (Memphis, Tennessee, and Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi, breeding).—Merriam, Auk, ii, 1885, 377 (St. Louis, Missouri, breeding; descr. nest). [Parula] americana Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 93, part.—ScLarer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. P(arula] americana Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 (Illinois, breed- ing).—Borrs, Cat. Birds s. Mich., 1875, no. 22 (breeding).—NeEtson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 98 (n. e. Illinois, breeding ).—Covrs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 290, part. M(niotilta] americana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196, part. M(niotilta] americana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 238, no. 3448, part. Compsothlypis americana SvEGNEGER, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part.—AmeErIcAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 648, part. —Ripe@way, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 131.—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 547 (e. Kansas, breeding).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 193, part.—RicHmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, 1 spec., Oct. 26).—Bryerr, Proce. Louisiana Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 112 (Louisiana, breeding). CLompsothlypis] americana Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491, part. C[hloris americana] Jorpan, Man. Vertebr. E. U. S., 4th ed., 1884, 60, part. COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI SPECIOSA Ridgway. CHIRIQUI PARULA WARBLER, Similar to C. p. pitiayumi,' but darker and bluer above, throat and chest deeper orange-ochraceous, and middle wing-coverts without white tips; similar in last-mentioned character to P. p. ‘nornata, but much more richly colored. Adult male.—Above dull indigo blue, relieved by a triangular patch of olive-green occupying the interscapular region; lores, suborbital region, and anterior margin of forehead black; outermost greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, but no white tips to middle 'Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi (Vieillot). Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., ii, 1816, 276; Compsothlypis pitiayumi Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 21; C[ompsothlypis] p[itiayumi] pitiayumi Ripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 in text.—Sylvia venusta Tem- minck, P]. Col., livr. 49, 1824, pl. 293, fig. 1.—Sylvia plumbea Swainson, Zool. Illustr., ii, 1821-22, pl. 1389.—Parula brasiliana Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310. 488 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. coverts; inner webs of two outermost rectrices with a large, subter- minal subquadrate patch of white, the third rectrix sometimes with a small white subterminal spot; malar region, chin, breast, sides, flanks, and abdomen rich lemon yellow; throat and chest deep orange-ochra- ceous; anal region, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts white; maxilla black, mandible pale colored (yellowish in life); iris brown; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 83.5—LO4 (94.9); wing, 47.5-55 (52.5); tail, 35.3-41 (39.1); exposed culmen, 9.1-10 (9.7); tarsus, 15.7-18 (16.1); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.1).* Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but usually slightly duller in color, with white tips to outermost greater wing-coverts less dis- tinct, and the throat and chest less deeply orange-ochraceous, or yel- low slightly tinged with that color; length (skins), 92.7—LO4.1 (98.9); wing, 47.5-51.8 (49.6); tail, 35.3-38.6 (86.9); exposed culmen (one specimen), 9.1; tarsus, 15.2-15.5 (15.3); middle toe, 9.6—-9.9 (9.7).” Nicaragua (Ometepe) to Chiriqui (Boquete de Chitra; Volcan de Chiriqui) and Veragua (Calobre). Parula inornata Barro, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 171, part (Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica).—LAwreEncer, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 93 (Barranca, Angos- tura, and Dota Mts., Costa Rica).—Satvaport, Atti. Roy. Ac. Sci. Torino, iv, 1868, 172 (Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 292 (Costa Riea).—Sarvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 182, part (Volean de Chiriqui and Boquete de Chitra, Chiriqui; Calobre, Veragua).—Satvrin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 120, part (Barranca, Angostura, and Dota Mts., Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui and Boquete de Chitra, Chiriqui; Calo- bre, Veragua).—Nurrinc, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 391 (Ometepe, Nicaragua).—SHarpre, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 643, part (Turrialba, Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui; Boquete de Chitra) . [ Parula] inornata ScuaTeR and Sartyry, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. [Parula pitiayumi] var. inornata Barro, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part (Costa Rica). | [ Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. e. Parula inornata SHarrr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 260, part (Costa Rica; Chiriqui). Clompsothlypis] inornata Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492, part. Compsothlypis inornata Zetepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 106 (Naranjo de Cartago; Dota). Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa Ripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 (Boquete, Chiriqui; coll. U S. Nat. Mus.). COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI INORNATA (Baird). GUATEMALAN PARULA WARBLER. Similar to C. p. speciosa, but much duller in color (bluish slate- gray instead of dull indigo blue above, the chest but slightly tinged with orange-ochraceous). Similar also to C. p. nigrilora, but with the flanks and abdomen (except extreme lower portion) yellow, without white tips to middle wing-coverts (or else with these very indistinct, and with only the outermost (if any) greater coverts tipped with white. ' Eleven specimens. > Two specimens. 9 .ecO — = 2 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 489 ‘ Adult male.—Above plain bluish slate color or dark plumbeous, relieved by a triangular patch of olive-green occupying the interscap- ular region; lores, anterior portion of forehead, and suborbital region blackish; outermost middle and greater wing-coverts sometimes with indistinct white or pale grayish terminal spots; inner webs of two to three outermost rectrices with a subterminal spot of white, largest on outermost rectrix; under parts yellow (gamboge or lemon), becoming yellowish white on lower abdomen and anal region, the chest slightly tinged with orange-ochraceous, the flanks tinged with olive; under tail- eoverts and under wing-coverts white; maxilla black, mandible pale colored (yellowish in life?); legs and feet dark horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 92.7-97.8 (95.2); wing, 50-51.6 (51); tail, 37.3- 40 (38.9); exposed culmen, 9-9.4 (9.1); tarsus, 15.2-16.8 (16); middle toe, 9.4-9.6 (9.5).* Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but slightly paler and duller in color; length (skin), 91.4; wing, 47.5; tail, 36.6; exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 14.5; middle toe, 8.4.” Young, first plumage.— Above plain grayish olive, inclining to olive- green on back; middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with pale grayish; under parts dull white, the chest and sides of breast shaded with pale olive-grayish. Highlands of Guatemala (Choctum) and Chiapas (Ocuilapa; near Tuxtla Gutierrez). Parula brasiliana (not Sylvia brasiliana Lichtenstein) SaLvin and Scuarer, Ibis, 1860, 397 (Guatemala). [Purula] inornata Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Nov., 1864, 169.—ScuaTer and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. Parula inornata Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Nov., 1864, 171, part (type from Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. O. Salvin).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 182, part (Choctum).—SaLvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 120, part, pl. 8, fig. 1 (Choctum).—SHaArPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 6438, part (Choctum). [ Mniotilta] inornata GRAY, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 238, no. 3451. [Parula pitiaywmi] var. nornata Barrn, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 208, part (Gvuatemala). Compsothlypis pitiayumi inornata STEINEGER, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170. [ Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. & Parula inornata SHarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 260, part (Guatemala). CLompsothlypis] inornata Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492, part (Guatemala). Compsothlypis inornatus Netson, Auk, Xv, 1898, 159 (near Tuxtla Gutierrez, e. Chiapas). Clompsothlypis] pLitiayumi] inornata Ripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. 1 Three specimens. 2 One specimen, from Ocuilapa, Chiapas. 490 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI NIGRILORA (Coues). SENNETT’S PARULA WARBLER. Similar to C. p. énornata, but with two distinct white wing-bands and without yellow on flanks; differing from C. Pp. pulchra in smaller size, much narrower white wing-bands (the second occupying less than terminal exposed half of greater coverts), and white subterminal spot on inner web of lateral rectrices much smaller, rarely indicated on third rectrix. Adult male.—Head and neck (except chin and throat), scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain, slightly bluish, slate-gray, the lores and suborbital region distinctly darker, inclining to black, especially the former; innermost middle wing-coyerts also slate-gray, the outermost ones broadly tipped with white, forming a distinct spot or short bar; greater coverts with inner webs blackish, outer webs slate-gray, broadly tipped with white (except on innermost feathers), the white occupying less than the terminal exposed half; remiges dusky with slate-gray edgings, the outer webs of tertials mostly gray; rectrices dusky edged with bluish slate-gray, the inner webs of two or three outermost with a subterminal spot of white; back yellowish olive-green, forming a triangular patch; malar region, chin, throat, breast, and upper part of abdomen yellow (lemon or gamboge), deepening on chest into saffron or ochraceous yellow; lower abdomen, anal region, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coyerts white; sides and flanks dull whitish, slightly tinged with grayish, rarely slightly tinged with rusty or pale chestnut; maxilla black, mandible pale yel- lowish brown (yellow in life?); iris brown; legs and feet brownish in dried skins; length (skins), 94-105.4 (99.3); wing, 49-53.8 (51.6); tail, 37.6-42.7 (39.9); exposed culmen, 9.1-10.4 (9.6); tarsus, 15.2-16 (15.7); middle toe, 9.6-10.2 (9.6).! Adult female.—Similar to the male but slightly smaller and duller in color; length (skins), 90.2-97.8 (94); wing, 45.2-49 (47); tail, 33-37.6 (35.3); exposed culmen, 9.9; tarsus, 15.2-16.8 (16); middle toe, 9.4.2 Eastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Mira; Tampico), Nuevo Leon (Montemorelos), and San Luis Potosi (Valles); north to southern Texas. Parula pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Brewer, Ibis, 1878, 116 (Fort Brown, Texas). Parula nigrilora Cours, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, no. 1, Feb. 5, 1878, 11 (Hidalgo, Texas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 207; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 94.—Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Sury. Terr., iv, 1878, 12 (Hidalgo, Texas, habits); v, 1878, 384 (Lomita, Texas; habits; descr. nests and eggs; measurements).—Merrrityt, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 123 (Fort Brown, Texas ).—Brewer, Ibis, 1878, 204.—ALuEn, ‘Ten specimens. * Two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 49] Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.—Satvrn and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 121; Ibis, 1889, 236 (Tampico, Tamaulipas; Nuevo Leon; Valles, San Luis Potosi). [ Parula] pitiayumi var. nigrilora Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 208, footnote, in text. Parula pitiayumi nigrilora Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 171; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 89a. [Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. @. Parula nigrilora Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x. 1885, 261), ple 11) figs 2: P{arula] nigrilora Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 291. Compsothlypis nigrilora StEINEGER, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170.—AMERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 649.—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 244 (Fort Brown, Texas).—Neuruine, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 195. Clompsothlypis] nigrilora Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 491. COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI PULCHRA (Brewster). BEAUTIFUL PARULA WARBLER. Similar to C. p. nigrilora, bat larger and with much more white on wing-coverts, that on greater coverts occupying more than exposed half (sometimes extending quite to tips of middle coverts) in adult male; flanks more often and more strongly tinged with rusty or pale chestnut. Similar also to C. p. insularis but smaller; flanks paler and less strongly tinged with chestnut; white on wing-coverts much more extended; white subterminal spot on inner webs of lateral rectrices much larger, always distinct on second, sometimes present on third; adult male with lores and orbits distinctly blackish. Young, first plumage.—Above plain brownish gray, the back slightly tinged with olive; beneath dull white, the sides of breast slightly tinged with gray, the upper throat and center of breast faintly tinged with pale yellow; white wing-bands much narrower than in adults. Adult male.—Length (skins), 99.1-101.6 (99.8); wing, 53.3-56.9 (54.6); tail, 39.1-48.9 (41); exposed culmen, 9.6-9.9 (9.7); tarsus, 15.5-16 (15.7); middle toe, 9.6—-10 (9.9).* Adult female.—Length (skin), 96.5; wing, 51.8; tail, 39.6; tarsus, 15.7; middle toe, 9.6.” Western Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Hacienda San Rafael), Sinaloa (Presidio; Plomosas), and Jalisco (Barranea Ibarra). Parula nigrilora (not of Coues) SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 643 (Presidio, near Mazatlan, w. Mexico). Compsothlypis pulchra Brewster, Descr. Supposed New Birds from W. North Am. and Mex., Jan. 31, 1889, 93; Auk, vi, Apr., 1889, 93 (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, n. w. Mexico; coll. W. Brewster). 1 Three specimens. * One specimen. 4992 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI INSULARIS (Lawrence). TRES MARIAS PARULA WARBLER. Similar C. p. pulchra, but larger; flanks darker, much tinged with grayish and more or less strongly tinged with chestnut; white on wing-coverts more restricted (as in C. p. nigrilora); subterminal white spots on inner web of lateral rectrices smalier, present on only one or two, instead of two or three; adult male with lores and orbits not distinctly darker than pileum and auricular region, or at least not approaching black. Adult male.—Length (skins), 106.7-115.6 (113); wing, 54.1-59.2 (57.4); tail, 45.7-52.6 (48.8); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 18.5-19.8 (19); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.2).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 106.7-109.2 (108.4); wing, 53.3-55.4 (54.6); tail, 46-49 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 18-18.5 (18.3); middle toe, 9.6-10.4 (9.9).” Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. Paruwla pitiayumi (not Sylvia pitiayumi Vieillot) Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 266 (Tres Marias Islands, w. Mexico). Parula insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, Feb., 1871, 4 (Tres Marias Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1871, 278 (Tres Marias); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part (Tres Marias).—Satyin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 121, part (Tres Marias).—Suarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 643, part (Tres Marias). [Parula pitiayumi] var. insularis Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 207 (Tres Marias). [Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. v. Parula insularis Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., ees 1885, 263, excl. syn. part and locality ‘‘ Socorro.” Compsothlypis insularis SrrJNEGER, Auk, i, Apr., 1884, 170, excl. syn. part. —NEL- son, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 55° (habits, ete.; crit.) CLompsothlypis] insularis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492. COMPSOTHLYPIS GRAYSONI Ridgway. SOCORRO WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike).—Above plain dull gray, sometimes strongly tinged with greenish olive, the interscapulars olive-green, forming a triangular patch; middle and greater wing-coverts rather broadly tipped with white, passing into brownish gray on innermost feathers; inner webs of lateral rectrices edged with white, but without any well defined white subterminal spot; loral and suborbital regions dull grayish, flecked with whitish or pale yellowish; sides of head and neck grayish, like pileum, etc., but somewhat paler; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and whole breast rather light dull gamboge or canary yellow, scarcely, if at all, deepening in color on chest; abdomen and anal region very pale yellowish; under tail-coverts yellowish white; ' Twelve specimens. *Six specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 493 flanks pale yellowish olive; under wing-coverts white; maxilla black; mandible very pale brownish (yellowish in life‘), usually dusky at tip; iris brown; lees and feet deep horn brown (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 107.9-111.8 (109.7); wing, 52.1-53.3 (52.6); tail, 46.7-48.3 (47.2); exposed culmen, 9.6-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 17.8-19 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7-10.9 (10.8).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 110.5-114.3 (112.3); wing, 52.1-53.3 (52.8); tail, 46.2-47 (46.7); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.2 (10.1); tarsus, 19-19.3 (19.1); middle toe, 9.9-10.7 (10.2).” Socorro Island, Revillagigedo group, northwestern Mexico. Parula insularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 1871, 4, part (Socorro Island, n. w. Mexico); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1871, 300 (Socorro); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1874, 269, part (Socorro ).—SALvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 121, part (Socorro).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 645, part (Socorro). [Parula pitiayumi] var. insularis Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 207, part (Socorro). Parula pitiayumi insularis RipGway, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus., iii, Aug. 24, 1880, 171, 215 (Socorro); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 89. [Parula pitiayumi.] Subsp. y. Parula insularis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 263, part (not description) . Compsothlypis insularis STEINEGER, Auk, i, 1884, 170, part. CLompsothlypis] graysoni: Ripaway. Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 492 (Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Group, n. w. Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). Compsothlypis graysoni RipGway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 592; 2d ed., 1896, 614. —TownsEnD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 135 (Socorro).—ANTHONY, Auk, xv, 1898, 317 (Socorro). Genus PEUCEDRAMUS Coues. Peucedramus Covrs, in Henshaw’s Zool. Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 201. (Type, Sylvia olivacea Giraud. ) Peucedrorus (emendation) Savin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1881, 142. Similar to Dendroica, but bill weaker, more subulate; tail more deeply emarginate; a white spot at base of primaries in connection with two white wing-bands. Bill much shorter than head, short-subulate, of uniform depth for most of its length, depressed basally, compressed terminally; subter- minal notch of maxillary tomium indistinct or obsolete. Rictal bristles weak and few (only three distinct). Wing long, pointed; eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, the ninth but little shorter, equal to or longer than fifth; wing-tip very long (longer than tarsus). Tail equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, deeply emarginate, the rectrices rather narrow. Tarsus about one-fourth as long as wing, very slender, its scutella indistinct (fused on outer side); middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of 1 Four specimens. 2 Three specimens. 494 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length to middle toe. Coloration.—Head, neck, and chest tawny, orange-rufous, or deep ochraceous (adult male), or buffy yellowish (female), with a black band covering loral, suborbital and auricular regions (adult male), or a dusky patch on auricular region (female); two white wing-bands, a white spot at base of longer primaries, and much white on inner webs of lateral rectrices. Nidification.—Arboreal. Range.—Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, and high mountains of southern and central Arizona. (Monotypic.) PEUCEDRAMUS OLIVACEUS (Giraud). OLIVE WARBLER, Adult male in summer.—Head, neck, and chest plain ochraceous, the sides of head with a broad band of black, involving the lores, orbits, and auricular region; lower hindneck and extreme upper back yellowish olive-green, this sometimes extending over whole hindneck to, and including, the occiput; back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail- coverts plain mouse gray; wings and tail dull blackish: middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two con- spicuous bands, of which the anterior one is the broader; innermost greater coverts edged with light grayish olive-green; secondaries edged with more yellowish olive-green; primaries narrowly edged with whit- ish, the seventh to the third white at base, forming a conspicuous spot; rectrices narrowly edged with pale grayish, usually becoming more olive-greenish basally; inner webs of two outermost rectrices largely white, this occupying much the greater part on exterior rectrix, the outer web of which is also largely white; median portion of breast and abdomen dull white, shading on sides and flanks into light olive- grayish; under tail-coverts white, with part of concealed portion dull grayish; bill blackish, with part of the mandible (usually basal half or more) light brownish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky. Adult male in winter.—Similar to the summer male, but color of head, neck, and chest duller, more clay color; sides and flanks more brownish; back, etc., more olivaceous. Adult female in summer. —Pileum and hindneck olive-greenish (vary- ing from yellowish olive-green to dull greenish olive); supra-auricular region, sides of neck, throat, and chest yellowish (varying from dull lemon yellow or light gamboge to dull sulphur yellow, the chin and throat sometimes nearly white); auricular region dusky, at least in part; lores dull grayish; suborbital region mixed dusky grayish and dull whitish; rest of plumage as in adult male, but white wing-bars narrower, and white spot at base of middle primaries smaller, some- times obsolete. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 495 Adult female in winter. —Similar to the summer female, but plumage of softer texture and posterior wing-band more or less tinged with yellowish. Immature male (second year).—Identical in coloration with adult female. Young male, jirst plumage.—Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain dull olive or brownish olive; supra- auricular region and sides of neck dull yellowish buffy, the latter tinged with olive; chin, throat, and chest dull yellowish buffy; other- wise like adult female. Young female, first plumage.—Similar to the young male but paler and grayer above; supra-auricular and post-auricular regions pale brownish buffy; chin, throat, and chest still paler buffy, the chin and upper throat dull buffy whitish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 113-129 (120);’ wing, 72-78 (74.8); tail, 50-56 (53.6); exposed culmen, 9.1-12 (10.7); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); middle toe, 10.5-13 (11.2).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 110-125 (117);* wing, 67-73 (69.9); tail, 47.2-53 (49.4); exposed culmen, 9-12 (10.5); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); middle toe, 10.4-12 (11.5).! Highlands (coniferous belt) of Mexico, Guatemala, and southwestern United States; north to central Arizona (Huachuca, Chiricahua, Santa or ‘Length before skinning of six Arizona specimens, 127-137.2 (134.2). (Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 137.) *Sixteen specimens. $Length before skinning of five Arizona specimens, 127-132.1 (129.5). (Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 137.) 4Thirteen specimens. Specimens from different geographic areas average in measurements as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. N vadle culmen. * MALES. Nine adult males from Arizona and south to Jaliseo...-.... 1522 52.8 LONON e e729 10.8 Four adult males from southeastern Mexico...........--.--- eat75s16 54, 2 10.6 18.8 IS Three adult males from Guatemala (2) and Chiapas (1).-.-. 72.5 51.5 10.4 18.4 11.9 FEMALES. Four adult females from Arizona (3) and Chihuahua (1)-...| 70.5 49.9 10.7 17.7 10.9 Eight adult females from southeastern Mexico ..........--. 70.2 50. 2 10.6 18.5 11.4 One adult female from Guatemala .......................--- 65.6 41.2 9.2 18 12 There is an appreciable difference in size and coloration between specimens from Arizona and northwestern Mexico on the one hand and those from Guatemala on the other, the latter being smaller and brighter colored; but specimens from southern Mexico, while nearer the Guatemalan examples in coloration, are larger even than the Arizona birds. On the whole, I am unable to make out satisfactorily two, or more, geographic forms, and therefore reduce P. 0. awrantiacus to a synonym of P. olivaceus. 496 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Catalina, Graham, Mogollon, and White Mountains), south to Choetum and Chilasco, Guatemala. Sylvia olivacea Giraup, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, 29; PICO lig. 72 (‘‘Texas;”’ type in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).—Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., L855, 66. Sylvicola olivacea Barrp, in Rep. Stansbury’s Sury. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 328 (‘‘ Texas’’).—Cassiy, Illustr. Birds Cal., Tex., etc., 1855, 283, pl. 48. Rhimamphus olivaceus Scuaver, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). Dendroica olivacea Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 305; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 205 (Choctum, Guatemala; Popocatapetl, Mexico; Orizaba, Vera Cruz).—Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 298 (La Parada, Oaxaca) .— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine region Vera Cruz, 5,000 to 10,000 ft.).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 258, pl. 14, fig. 4: Hensnaw, Am. Sportsman, v, Feb. 20, 1875, 328 (Mount Graham, Arizona).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 651.—Mrarns, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Mogollon Mts., Arizona, breeding in pine belt).—Nenruine, Our Native Birds, ete., 1, 1893, 197.— Price, Auk, xii, 1895, 17-19 (nesting habits, ete.).—Cox, Auk, xii, 1895, 358 (Mount Orizaba, 11,000 ft.).—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft., in pines; notes). D[endroica] olivacea Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494. Dendreeca olivacea Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 363 (J alapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Jalapa; Popocatapetl).—Satviy, Ibis, 1866, 191 (Guatemala). [Dendreca] olivacea Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 99.—Scuarer and SALVIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. Dendroeca olivacea SunpEvati, Ofv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 610 (monogr). Peucedramus olivaceus Hensnaw, Zool. Expl. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 202 (Mount Graham, Arizona; habits, etc.).—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.— Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 172, 216, 232: Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 92.—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 135 (Chi- ricahua and Santa Catalina Mts., s. Arizona; habits).—Covrs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 233; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 110.—Scorr, Auk, ii, 1885, 352 Santa Catalina Mts., s. Arizona). Pleucedramus] olivaceus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 296. Peucedromus olivaceus Satviw and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Ayes, i, 1881, 142. [ Mniotilta] olivacea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3479. Sylvia teniata Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg., xiv, ii, 1847, 104 (Mexico; coll. Brussels Mus. ); Rey. Zool., 1848, 245. [Sylvicola] teniata Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. M[niotilta] teniata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1844, 196. Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. ‘Mus., no. 1074, May 21, 1896, 441 (Chilasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ) Genus DENDROICA Gray. (?) Rhimamphus Rarinesque, Journ. de Phys., 1819, 417. (Type, R. citrinus Rafinesque, = avis fictita?) (See Baird, Pacific R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 264; Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1845, 342.) Rhimanphus (emendation) CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1851, 19. Sylvicola (not of Humphrey, 1797, nor Hiibner, 1810, nor Swainson, 1827, nor Jardine, 1837) Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841 32. (Type, Motacilla coronata Linnzeus. ) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 497 Dendroica Gray, List Gen. Birds, App., 1842, 8. (Type, Motacilla coronata Lin- neeus. ) Dendroeca (emendation) AGasstz, Nomencl. Zoolog. Index Univ., 1846, 119. Perissoglossa Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 180. (Type, Motacilla tigrina Gmelin.) Small or medium-sized arboreal or subarboreal Mniotiltide, with the bill slender-conoidal, its basal width not greater than its basal depth, gradually tapering toward the tip, the tip of maxilla percepti- bly decurved, the maxillary tomium with obvious notch; rictal bristles obvious, but not strongly developed; the tail more than two and a half times as long as tarsus, and inner webs of lateral retrices partly white or yellow. Bill shorter than head (usually much shorter), slender-conoidal, tapering gradually to the tip; tip not acute or else (D. tigrina) the maxilla appreciably decurved terminally and with subterminal tomial notch (the latter always present). Nostril longitudinal, linear, nar- rowly oval or subcuneate, overhung by broad membraneous opercu- lum. Rictal bristles obvious, but never very distinct. Wing moderate or rather long, rather pointed (four outermost primaries abruptly longest, the ninth always longer than fifth, frequently longer than fourth, sometimes longest); or, in the distinctively Antillean types,' rounded, with the ninth primary shorter than the fifth, sometimes shorter than fourth; wing-tip usually equal to or longer than tarsus (decidedly shorter in D. maculosa, D. discolor, and D. palimarum). Tail about equal to distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries (sometimes a little longer or shorter), emarginate, even, double- rounded or slightly rounded. Tarsus one-fourth” to one-third® as long as wing, its scutella indistinct, often obsolete or fused on outer side; middle toe, with claw, shorter than tarsus (nearly as long nae), dominica); basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half (sometimes nearly the whole) its length to outer toe, for at least half its length to inner toe. Coloration. Extremely variable, but inner webs of lateral rectrices always with more or less of white or yellow. Nidification.—Mostly arboreal, sometimes terrestrial or subterres- trial. Range. —Whole of North and Middle America, and more northern and western portions of South America; Galapagos Islands. (Many species. ) There is much variation in details of form among the many species of this beautiful genus, and their habits vary correspondingly. Some 1D. plumbea, D. pharetra, D. adelaide, and D. delicata. 2In D. coronata, D. vigorsii, and D. castanea. 3In D. plumbea, D. adelaidx, and D. delicata; nearly one-third as long in D. pal- marum, D. discolor, and D. maculosa. 3654—voL 2—01 32 498 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (for example, 2. e/gorsii and DP). dominica) are expert creepers, recalling in their movements along the branches of trees the genus Mniotilta; others (as 2). palmarum) keep much upon the ground, where they walk in the graceful manner of a Pipit, accompanying their movements by the same wagging of the tail and tilting or ‘‘ teetering” motion of the body; some of them combine these characteristics to a greater or less degree, while others possess none of them to a pronounced extent. All are expert ‘‘ flycatchers,” when the occasion demands, but this is a trait shared by many groups of birds. The bill of D. tégrina is peculiar in the decided attenuation and acuteness, as well as slight but very obvious downward curvature, of the tip, but I can not discover any other character wherein this species differs from other members of the genus. This species was separated by Professor Baird as the type of anew genus, Perissoglossa, through an error, the tongue of a Ceerebine bird (probably a species of Cyanerpes) having been examined, described, and figured as that of D. tigrina. This matter has been quite fully discussed by Mr. Lucas, who finds ** that while the tongues of the various species [of Dendroica] are constructed on the same plan, . . . there is great specific varia- tion inthe execution of details, the extremes, so far as I have examined, being marked by Dendroica maculosa and DPD. tigrina, and that while these extremes are widely separated, yet the gap between them is bridged over by other species which show intermediate stages.” D. maculosa, D. discolor, and D. palmarum are the only continental species in which the wing-tip is decidedly shorter than the tarsus, all the other species having the wing-tip at least as long as the tarsus. The first named (2. maculosa) is unique in having the ninth primary decidedly shorter than the sixth instead of equal to it or longer, and is peculiar, so far as coloration is concerned, in the position and pattern of the white spots on inner webs of the rectrices. D. dominica is the only species in which the bill is nearly as long as the head, or in which the tarsus is but slightly longer than the middle toe with claw. With the exception of those allied to D. wstiva, D. pityophila, and the Bahaman representatives of D. vigorsii (D. v. achrustera and D. v. abacoensis), the peculiarly West Indian species (D. plumbea, D. pha- retra, D. adelaide, and DP, delicata) have the wing much more rounded, the ninth primary being shorter than the fifth (shorter than the fourth in D. pheretra), and the wing not more than three times as long as the tarsus. Otherwise they-are not, collectively, different from the more normal species, and probably should not be separated from them, ‘The Tongue of the Cape May Warbler. By Frederic A. Lucas. The Auk, xi, 1894, 141-144, figs. 1-5, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 499 KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF DENDROICA. a. Inner webs of rectrices (except middle pair) partly yellow. (‘‘ Golden Warblers.’”') b, No orange, rufous, or chestnut on sides of head or throat, or else the pileum also rufous or chestnut and chest and sides streaked with the same. c. Under parts bright yellow, the chest and sides streaked with chestnut or rufous. (Adult males.) d. Chin, throat, and sides of head yellow. e. Wing more pointed, the outermost (ninth) primary equal to or longer than sixth, often longest; tarsus shorter, never more than 20, averaging about 18.8; tail relatively shorter, averaging less than 48.5, or else wing averaging 68; continental. (Dendroica estiva. ) g. Larger (wing averaging more than 62, tail averaging more than 44) 2 and brighter colored; pileum, in fully adult plumage, decidedly yellowish, often pure yellow, sometimes tinged with tawny orange; wing-coverts and tertials broadiy edged with yellow; back, etc., lighter, more yellowish. olive-green. h. Back, etec., more decidedly olive-green, the upper tail-coverts with less yellow; chestnut streaks on chest and sides much broader.? (United States in general, except southern border from western Texas to Arizona; more southern British Provinces. ) Dendroica estiva estiva, adult male (p. 508) hh. Back, ete., more yellowish olive-green, the upper tail-coverts with more yellow; chestnut streaks on chest and flank much narrower. 'The so-called ‘*‘ Golden Warblers’’ (see Baird, Review of American Birds, p. 193) embrace numerous forms which at first sight seem to be easily arrangeable into three groups according to the color of the head in adult males: (1) Those without a sharply defined orange, rufous, or chestnut patch on the crown; (2) those with a sharply defined crown-patch of rufous or chestnut, and (3) those with the whole head, including the throat, rufous or chestnut. A careful examination, however, shows that no sharp line can be drawn between supposed groups 1 and 2, one form (D. aureola, of the Galapagos Archipelago and Cocos Island) being so clearly inter- mediate that different specimens would fall inte either group. In short, there is, in various West Indian forms, including that from the island of Cozumel, every inter- mediate condition between the yellow or olive-green crown of D. xstiva (in which, itself, the crown is sometimes slightly tinged with orange) and the very sharply defined dark chestnut cap of D. capitalis. Furthermore, I fail to find other color characters which will serve to segregate the various forms into smaller groups, not a single one of those which have hitherto been used for that purpose and which at first sight give promise of utility in that way standing the test of careful examina- tion of even a moderately large series of specimens. With adult females the case is still more difficult, there being in that sex a far greater range of individual variation and the color characters altogether less pronounced. The preparation of an infallible ‘‘key’’ to the various forms of these ‘Golden Warblers”’ the author therefore acknowl- edges to be beyond his ability, and he wishes it to be understood that the one here given, while rendering identification easy in the case of most specimens, may fail with others. It is clearly evident that all these ‘‘Golden Warblers,’ with the exception, per- haps, of the little-known D. eoa, are of common origin, and that many of them rep- resent merely local forms or slightly differentiated subspecies; but where to draw the line between those which seem to be now specifically distinct and those which do not isa very difficult matter, regarding which probably no two authors would entirely agree. * Except in some western specimens, which otherwise are like eastern ones. 500 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i. Smaller (wing averaging 63.3, tail 47.8). (Southwestern border of United States, from western Texas to Arizona, and south- ward into northwestern Mexico. ) Dendroica estiva sonorana, adult male (p. 512) ii. Larger (wing averaging 68, tail 53). (Central Mexico. ) Dendroica estiva dugesi, adult male (p. 513) gg. Smaller (wing averaging less than 62, tail averaging less than 40) and duller colored; pileum always olive-green, like back, rarely becoming yellowish on forehead; wing-coverts and tertials nar- rowly edged with yellowish olive-gveen or olive-yellow; back, etc., darker olive-green. (Vancouver Island to Alaska in summer, south to southern California, central Texas, and Nicaragua in winter. ) Dendroica estiva rubiginosa, adult male (p. 514) ee. Wing more rounded, the outermost (ninth) primary decidedly shorter than sixth; tarsus longer, very rarely less than 20, averaging 20.9; tail relatively longer, averaging about 48.5; West Indian.' f. Larger (wing of adult male usually more than 60, averaging more than 61); pileum without a distinct patch of tawny, chestnut-tawny, or chestnut, or else wing 62 or more, averaging 65.4. (Dendroica petechia. ) g. Pileum without a distinct patch of orange-ochraceous or tawny, or if pronouncedly thus colored the color not sharply defined nor strongly contrasted laterally against the yellow of the superciliary region; wing averaging not more than 65, usually much less. h. Lighter, brighter, more yellowish olive-green above; the pileum usually more or less tinged with yellow, ochraceous, or tawny, sometimes mostly thus colored; yellowish wing-markings more distinet, more decidedly yellow; yellow of under parts deeper. i. Yellow of under parts less intense and chestnut streaks on chest and sides narrower or fewer. j. Wing longer (averaging 65) and bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 10.6). (Island of Jamaica; Haiti?). Dendroica petechia petechia, adult male (p. 515) jj. Wing shorter (averaging 61.4) and bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 11.1). (Island of Grand Cayman.) Dendroica petechia auricapilla, adult male (p. 517) ii. Yellow of under parts more intense, and chestnut streaks on chest and sides heavier or more numerous. j. Smaller (wing averaging 61, tail 47.9, exposed culmen 11, tarsus 20.5); chestnut streaks on chest and sides averaging narrower; erown more rarely tinged with ochraceous or tawny. (Baha- MASS) eae Dendroica petechia flaviceps, adult male (p. 517) jj. Larger (wing averaging 62.3, tail 49.1, exposed culmen 11.3, tarsus 21.3); chestnut streaks on chest and sides averaging heavier; crown more often tinged with ochraceous or tawny. (Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, St. Croix, Anguilla, St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher?, Barbuda, and Antigua. ) Dendroica petechia bartholemica, adult male (p. 518) hh. Darker and duller olive-green above, the pileum usually concolor with back, or nearly so (rarely distinctly tinged with yellow, ' Except one form on Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and one from the Galapagos Archi- pelago, Cocos Island, and contiguous coast of South America. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5O1 ochraceous, or tawny); yellowish wing-markings less distinct, more greenish; yellow of under parts paler. (Island of Cuba. ) Dendroica petechia gundlachi, adult male (p. 520) gg. Pileum with a distinct patch of tawny or rufous-chestnut, this sharply defined and very strongly contrasted laterally against the yellow of thesuperciliary region.’ (Galapagos Archipelago; Cocos Island; coast of Ecuador and Peru?.) Dendroica petechia aureola, adult male (p. 521) ff. Smaller (wing of adult male usually much less than 60, averaging less than 59); pileum with a very distinct patch of tawny, rufous-chest- nut, or chestnut. (Dendroica ruficapilla. ) g. Pileum tawny-ochraceous to deep tawny, the area thus colored not so sharply defined. h. Chest and sides more narrowly streaked with chestnut. (Islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica. ) ® Dendroica ruficapilla ruficapilla, adult male (p. 523) hh. Chest and sides much more heavily streaked with chestnut. i. Tawny of pileum deeper, covering forehead. (Island of Cozumel, Yucatan.) .-Dendroica ruficapilla rufivertex, adult male (p. 524) ii. Tawny of pileum paler, becoming more yellowish or changing to yellow on forehead. (Island of St. Andrews, Caribbean Sea. ) Dendroica ruficapilla flavida, adult male (p. 524) gg. Pileum chestnut, the area thus colored sharply defined laterally and posteriorly. h. Pileum clear chestnut or rufous-chestnut; streaks on chest and sides paler chestnut. (Island of Curacao, southern Caribbean Sea. ) Dendroica ruficapilla rufopileata, adult male (p. 525) hh. Pileum dark chestnut or bay; streaks on chest and sides darker chestnut. (Island of Barbados. ) Dendroica ruficapilla capitalis, adult male (p. 526) dd. Chin, throat, and sides of head, as well as pileum, chestnut or tawny. e. Back, ete., darker olive-green; wing, tail, and tarsus shorter, bill longer (wing 55.5-57, tail 40-43, tarsus 17-19, exposed culmen 11.5-12). (Island of Martinique, Lesser Antilles. ) - _Dendroica rufigula, adult male (p. 526) ee. Back, etc., lighter, more yellowish, olive-green; wing, tail, and tarsus longer, bill shorter (wing not less than 60, tail not less than 45, tarsus averaging 20 or more, exposed culmen 11). f. Chest and sides heavily streaked with rufous-chestnut, the color of throat not sharply defined posteriorly. (Isthmus of Panama and Caribbean coast of Colombia; Veragua ?) Dendroica erithachorides, adult male (p. 527) ff. Chest and sides very narrowly, if at all, streaked with darker chest- nut, the rufous-chestnut color of throat sharply defined posteriorly. (Dendroica bryant. ) g. Head slightly lighter chestnut; chest and sides usually with more numerous or broader streaks; wing averaging 65.5, tail 50. (Atlan- tic coast of Central America, from Yucatan to Costa Rica. ) Dendroica bryanti bryanti, adult male (p. 529) gy. Head slightly darker chestnut; chest and sides with fewer or nar- rower streaks; wing averaging 63.2, tail 46.6. (Pacific coast of 1Males not in fully mature plumage have less of this color on the pileum, and are consequently not easily to be distinguished from those fully adult males of the pre- ceding West Indian forms haying the crown most highly colored. 502 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mexico and Central America, from Lower California and Sinaloa to Costa Rica. ).. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps, adult male (p. 530) cc. Under parts duller yellow, usually without streaks, very rarely distinctly streaked. (Adult females and young.') 4), Sides of head, alone, or together with chin, throat, and chest, orange-tawny, the pileum olive-greenish or dusky grayish; chest and sides without streaks. (Jandiaica..,) 3 22ts eee Saeed Dendroica eoa, adults (p. 531) aa. Inner webs of rectrices without any yellow. b. Inner webs of lateral rectrices with a distinct patch or spot of white. c. White on inner webs of rectrices on middle portion, present and of nearly equal extent on all but middle pair. (astern United States and British Provinces. ) Dendroica maculosa (p. 532) cc. White on inner webs of rectrices on terminal or subterminal portion (or else occupying greater part of the web), present on not more than three or four (very rarely five) rectrices and greatly decreasing in extent from the outermost. d. Bill with tip acute, decurved; sides of neck yellow, or else rump yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, much brighter than the plain grayish olive back. (Eastern North America; West Indies in winter. ) Dendroica tigrina (p. 537) dd. Bill with its tip not acute nor decurved; sides of neck not yellow; rump not yellowish olive or olive-yellowish, different from color of back, or else the latter streaked with darker. e. Wing without light colored bands or edgings, but (usually) with a white spot at base of primaries. (Dendroica cxrulescens. ) jf. Upper parts dark grayish blue; sides of head, throat, and sides black; rest of under parts white. gy. Back dark grayish blue, like rest of upper parts (rarely with slight admixture of black). (Eastern North America, breeding from mountains of Pennsylvania northward. ) Dendroica cerulescens cerulescens, adult male (p. 541) gg. Back mostly black or spotted or clouded with black. (Mountains of North Carolina to southern Pennsylvania. ) Dendroica cerulescens cairnsi, adult male (p. 545) jf. Above plain olive; under parts pale buffy or yellowish, shaded with olive laterally. g. Lighter and brighter olive above, more yellowish beneath. Dendroica cerulescens cerulescens, adult female (p. 541) g. Darker and duller olive above, less yellowish beneath. Dendroica cerulescens cairnsi, adult female (p. 545) ee. \Ving with more or less distinct light-colored bands or edgings, or both, but without a white spot at base of primaries. J. White on inner web of lateral rectricesan extensive and well-defined terminal or subterminal area, extending to shaft, this white spot dis- tinct on at least two lateral rectrices; plumage more or less streaked, either above or below, or else? tail emarginate. g. A yellow spot on rump and one on each side of breast. h. Throat white (sometimes tinged with brownish); twoto three lateral rectrices with a subterminal white spot on inner web. (North 1 Owing to the very great range of individual variation in adult females and imma- ture birds I find myself unable to devise a key to the different species and subspecies. * In D. vigorsii and its subspecies. ia Ao Nt BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5O3 America in general, chiefly eastward and northward; West Indies DT yale Te) eee lara eye Dendroica coronata (p. 546) hh. Throat yellow (rarely white or but faintly tinged with yellow in immature females) ; four to five lateral rectrices with a white subterminal spot on inner web. (Dendroica auduboni ) i. Smaller (wing averaging 77.3 in male, 75.4 in female, tail 58.5 in male, 56.7 in female); adult male with forehead, sides of head Is and back mostly gray, and black on chest and sides of breast less extensive, more or less broken by whitish margins to feathers; adult female less heavily streaked with black on upper parts, sides, and flanks. (Western North America, south into Mexico in winter.) ..Dendroica auduboni auduboni (p. 551) ii. Larger (wing averaging more than 80 in males, more than 76 in females); adult male with forehead and sides of head black, back mostly black, and black on chest and sides of head more extensive, unbroken; adult females more heavily streaked on upper parts, sides, and flanks. j. Smaller (wing averaging 80.5, tail 62, in male); sides of occiput, sides of neck, and hindneck gray streaked with black; white nuchal spot and white spot on sides of lower throat smaller or wanting. (Southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. ) Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons, adult male (p. 555) jj. Larger (wing 82.8, tail 66.3, in male); sides of occiput, sides of neck, and hindneck uniform black; white nuchal spot and white spots on sides of lower throat larger. (Highlands of Guatemala. ).Dendroica auduboni goldmani, adult male (p. 556) gg. No yellow spot on rump nor sides of breast. ; h. Throat and chest black or partly black. i. Whole auricular region black, gray, or olive. j. Back and rump gray; superciliary and malar stripes and breast white. k. Pileum, auricular and malar regions, throat, and chest black. ( Western United States. ) Dendroica nigrescens, adult male (p. 556) kk. Pileum streaked gray and black; auricular region gray; throat and chest only partly black (otherwise white). Dendroica nigrescens, adult female (p. 557) jj. Back and rump olive-green; superciliary and malar stripes and breast yellow. k. Pileum, auricular region, throat, and chest black. (Western North America, south to Guatemala in winter. ) Dendroica townsendi, adult male (p. 559) kk. Pileum streaked black and olive-green; auricular region olive-green; throat and chest only partly black (other- wise yellow).-.-Dendroica townsendi, adult female (p. 560) ii. Auricular region mostly yellow. j. A black, dusky, or olive postocular streak, back and rump black or olive-green; black of chest extended laterally over sides of breast; pileum plain oliye-green, plain black, or streaked olive-green and black. k. Pileum and back plain olive-green; breast and abdomen yel- lowish white or pale yellow. . Throat and chest uniform black. Dendroica virens, adult male (p. 562) 504. BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. //. Throat and chest only partly black. Dendroica virens, adult female (p. 562) kk. Pileam and back plain black or streaked olive-green and black; breast and abdomen pure white. /. Pileum and back uniform black; throat and chest uniform black. (Texas to Guatemala. ) Dendroica chrysoparia, adult male (p. 565) ll. Pileum and back streaked olive-green and black; throat and chest (usually) only partly black. Dendroica chrysoparia, adult female and immature male (p. 566) jj. No black, dusky, or olive postocular streak, the sides of head entirely yellow; back and rump gray, the former streaked or spotted with black; black of chest with convex posterior outline; pileum at least partly yellow. (Western United States and British Columbia, south to Guatemala in winter. ) Dendroica occidentalis, adult male (p. 567) hh. Throat without any black. i. Wing with two distinct bands (across tips of middle and greater coverts, respectively) of white, yellowish, or pale gray—or else with these coalesced into a single large patch. j. Upper parts light grayish blue. (Eastern United States; south in winter to northern South America. ) Dendroica rara, adult male (p. 570) jj. Upper parts not light grayish blue. k. A superciliary stripe of white, yellow, or buff. /. Throat white or pale olive-yellowish; sides of head without yellow.! m. Back and auricular region greenish or bluish; no yellow supraloral spot. Dendroica rara, adult female and immature male (p. 570) mm. Back and auricular region brownish gray or grayish brown; a small yellow supraloral spot. Dendroica nigrescens, immature female (p. 557) ll. Throat yellow, orange, or buff, or else sides of head mostly yellow. m. Sides of head mostly yellow; throat not wholly yellow, orange, or buff. n. Back olive-green; feathers of pileum dusky basally. Dendroica virens, immature female (p. 562) nn. Back grayish; feathers of pileum yellow basally. Dendroica occidentalis, immature female (p. 568) mm. Sides.of head not mostly yellow; throat wholly yel- low, orange, or buff. n. Back neither gray nor plain grayish brown. o. Back olive-green. Dendroica townsendi, immature female (p. 560) oo. Back not olive-green. p. Back black with a whitish or yellowish stripe along each side; throat orange. Dendroica blackburnie, adult male (p. 574) pp. Back not black; throat not orange. 1 Except, in D. nigrescens, a small supraloral spot. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5O5 gy. Back streaked with black, pale yellowish (or dull whitish) and olive; throat and chest yel- low or pale orange. Dendroica blackburnie, adult female and immature male (p. 575) qq. Back light olive-brownish indistinctly streaked with dusky; throat and chest pale yellowish hs wiih Dendroica blackburnie, immature female (p. 575) nn. Back gray (with or without black streaks) or plain grayish brown. o. Superciliary stripe white, extending to end of auric- ular region; sides of neck white; auricular region mostly black. (Dendroica dominica. ) p. Bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 13.8 in male, 12.9 in female); superciliary stripe usually yellow anteriorly. (Atlantic coast of United States, chiefly south of New Jersey; Florida and West Indies in winter. ) Dendroica dominica dominica, adults (p. 978) pp. Bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 11.9 in male, 11.7 in female); superciliary stripe usually entirely white. (Mississippi Valley; south in winter through Mexico to Nicaragua. ) Dendroica dominica albilora, adults (p. 582) oo. Superciliary stripe yellow, extending but little, if any, beyond eye; sides of neck and auricular region gray. p. Yellow of under parts extending no farther back- ward than upper breast. (Dendroica graciz. ) g. Larger (wing averaging 65.1 in male, 61 in female); superciliary stripe whitish at poste- rior extremity; yellow of chest not invading breast. (Northwestern Mexico to Arizona and Colorado. ) Dendroica gracie gracie, adults (p. 954) qq. Smaller (wing averaging 97 in male); super- ciliary stripe shorter, wholly yellow; yellow of chest invading breast. (Southern Mexico to southern Honduras. ) Dendroica gracie decora, adults (p. 586 ) pp. Yellow of under parts extending over breast and abdomen. gq. Wing and tail shorter (averaging 54 and 42.3, respectively, in male) ; superciliary stripe nar- rower anteriorly, not encroaching on forehead ; less black on sides of crown; colors less in- tense. (Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. ) Dendroica adelaide, adults (p. 587) qq. Wing and tail longer (averaging 56 and 51, respectively, in male) ; superciliary stripe broader anteriorly, occupying sides of fore- head; more black on sides of crown; gray of back, ete., clearer, and yellow of under parts, 506 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. etc., more intense. (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. )..Dendroica delicata, adults (p. 588) kk. No superciliary stripe of white, yellow, or buff.! /. Back more or less streaked (the streaks sometimes con- cealed); wing-bands white or pale yellow. m. Sides of crown (at least behind eyes) black. n. Sides chestnut; pileum not wholly black. vo. Crown olive-yellow; auricular region, throat, and chest white. (Kastern North America, south in winter to Bahamas and Isthmus of Panama.) Dendroica pensylvanica, adults (p. 589) oo. Crown chestnut; auricular region black; throat and chest chestnut. (Eastern North America, south in winter to Colombia. ) Dendroica castanea, adult male (p. 592) nn. Sides white, streaked with black; pileum wholly black. (Northern and eastern North America, south over most of South America in winter. ) Dendroica striata, adult male (p. 595) mm. Sides of crown not black. un. Under tail-coverts white. v. Sides of head, sides, and flanks plain pale ash gray (the flanks sometimes tinged with chestnut). Dendroica pensylvanica, immature (p. 589) oo, Sides of head, sides, and flanks light olive or else distinctly streaked. Dendroica striata, immature (p. 596) nn. Under tail-co7erts pale buff. Dendroica castanea, adult female and immature (p. 592) ll. Back plain olive-green, olive, or grayish olive; wing-bands pale gray or dull grayish white. (Dendroica vigorsii. ) m. Under parts with at least the anterior half yellow; a yellow supraloral streak; upper parts olive-green. n. Wing longer (averaging 72.9), bill and feet smaller (exposed culmen averaging 10.9, tarsus 18.5, mid- dle toe 12.7); yellow of under parts usually extended over abdomen. (Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces. ) Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii, adult male (p. 599) nn. Wing shorter (averaging not more than 70), bill and feet larger (exposed culmen averaging 12 or more, tarsus 18.9 or more, middle toe 13.4 or more); yel- low of under parts confined to anterior half. o. Smaller (wing averaging 65.9, tail 54.2, exposed cul- men 12, tarsus 18.9), and duller in color. (Island of New Providence, Bahamas. ) Dendroica vigorsii achrustera, adult male (p. 602) oo. Larger (wing 70, tail 57, exposed culmen 13.5, tar- sus 20), and brighter colored. (Island of Abaco, Bahamas. ) Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis, adult male (p. 603) mm. Under parts dull pale grayish, usually tinged with ‘Sometimes (in D. vigorsii and its subspecies) there is a rather distinct yellow supraloral line. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 507 yellow on chest (rarely with anterior half pale yel- low); no yellow supraloral line; upper parts dull olive or grayish olive. n. Wing longer (averaging 68.4), bill and feet smaller (exposed culmen averaging 10.6, tarsus 18.2, middle toe 12.4). = Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii, adult female (p. 599) nn. Wing shorter (averaging 62.5), bill and feet larger (exposed culmen averaging 12.2, tarsus 19.2, mid- dle toe 13.2). Dendroica vigorsii achrustera, adult female (p. 602) ii. Wings with not more than one distinct band, this (if present) across tips of middle coyerts, and yellowish. j. Back streaked with black; a whitish orbital ring (interrupted anteriorly); tarsus 21 to 23. (Eastern United States; Baha- MAG WM WwANNbeT)) ert s2= = Dendroica kirtlandii, adults (p. 603) jj. Back not streaked with black; no whitish orbital ring; tarsus less than 21. k. Upper parts plain gray, becoming olive-green on forehead and crown; under parts, except throat and chest, grayish white. (Dendroica pityophila.) i. Gray of upper parts lighter; forehead and crown yellowish olive-green. (Cuba. ) Dendroica pityophila pityophila, adults (p. 605) ll. Gray of upper parts darker; forehead and crown “ ish-yellow, showing light yellow at base of upper mandi- ble.” (Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahamas. ) Dendroica pityophila bahamensis, adults (p. 606) kk. Upper parts not gray; under parts not grayish white. 1. Middle wing-coverts tipped with yellow or pale yellowish gray, forming a distinct band; pileum plain olive-green. im. Sides and flanks streaked with black or dusky. n. Back spotted with chestnut; sides of head with black markings; under parts rich yellow, with broad black streaks on sides. (Eastern United States; West Indies in winter.) Dendroica discolor, adult male (p. 607) nn. Back plain dull olive-green, or with only faint indi- cations of chestnut; sides of head with indistinct grayish or dusky markings; under parts dull or pale yellow, with grayish streaks on sides. Dendroica discolor, adult female (p. 607) mm. Sides and flanks not streaked. n. Above plain bright olive-green, beneath rich yellow. (Islands of Grand Cayman and Swan Island, Carib- bean Sea.) ------ Dendroica vitellina, adults (p. 610) nn. Above dull olive-green (sometimes partly gray), beneath pale yellow. Dendroica vitellina, immature (p. 611) ll. Middle wing-coverts not tipped with yellow or pale yel- lowish gray;! pileum not plain olive green. (1 Jendroica palmarui. ) green- 1The middle wing-coverts have a more or less distinct terminal margin of grayish, but there is no approximation to a distinct bar. 508 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. m. Crown chestnut. n. Under parts of body partly whitish; smaller (wing averaging 64.5 in male, 60.7 in female). (Missis- sippi Valley and interior British Provinces; through Gulf States to West Indies in winter. ) Dendroica palmarum palmarum, adults (p. 612) mn. Under parts entirely yellow; larger (wing averaging 67.1 in male, 64.1 in female). (Atlantic States and eastern British Provinces, south in winter to northern Florida and through Gulf States to Louisiana. ) Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea, adults (p. 615) mm. Crown olive-grayish, streaked with dusky. n. Under parts mostly dull whitish; smaller. Dendroica palmarum palmarum, immature (p. 612) nn. Under parts entirely yellow; larger. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea, immature (p.615) ff. White spot on inner web of lateral rectrices small, not extending to shaft. y. Above plain slate, relieved by a white superciliary streak and two white wing-bars; beneath white medially, slate-gray laterally. (Islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe, Lesser Antiles. ) Dendroica plumbea, adults (p. 617) yg. Above plain olive, with superciliary streak and Wing-bars pale olive- yellowish or yellowish white; beneath pale olive-yellowish medi- ally, pale olive laterally....Dendroica plumbea, immature (p. 617) 6b. Inner webs of lateral rectrices without white spots.! ec. Pileum and back streaked with black and whitish; beneath white marked (except on abdomen and under tail-coverts) with wedge-shaped streaks of blaek:— (Wiamialcas\iane. tah. See Dendroica pharetra, adults (p. 618) ce. Pileum and back plain olive; beneath pale olive-yellowish, obsoletely streaked, anteriorly and laterally, with pale olive. Dendroica pharetra, immature (p. 618) DENDROICA ASTIVA AESTIVA (Gmelin). YELLOW WARBLER. Adult male.—General color above clear yellowish olive-green, the pileum more yellowish, usually clear yellow on forehead and at least anterior portion of crown, often tinged with orange-tawny; upper tail-coverts edged with yellow; back sometimes streaked with chest- nut; wings and tail dusky, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellow, the greater wing-coverts and tertials broadly edged with the same; remiges (except tertials) more narrowly edged with yellow- ish olive-green; inner webs of rectrices yellow, tipped with dusky; sides of head and under parts clear rich yellow, the chest, sides, and flanks streaked with chestnut; bill blackish (in dried skins) with paler tomia; iris brown; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), L00-125 (111.5); wing, 60-71 (62.5); tail, 49-53 (44.4); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.1); tarsus, 17-20 (18.6); middle toe, 10-12 (11).? "There is a more or less distinct white terminal margin, but no approach to the form of a spot. * Thirty-two specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5O9 Adult female.—Above plain yellowish olive-green (usually darker than in adult male), the pileum concolor with the back, or at least not distinctly more yellowish; wings and tail as in adult male, but tips of middle wing-coverts and broad edgings of greater coverts and second- aries less purely yellow, usually yellowish olive-green; under parts paler and duller yellow than in adult male, usually without streaks, but sometimes with a few, usually indistinct, chestnut streaks on chest and sides; length (skins), 102-115 (108.7); wing, 57-68 (59.6); tail, 39-45 (42.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10); tarsus, 17-20 (18.6); middle toe, 10-12 (10.8).! Young male in first autumn.—Very similar in coloration to adult females. Young female in first autumn.—Similar to duller colored adult females. but duller olive-green above and with under parts dull olive- whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, the under tail-coverts pale yellow. Young (nestling).—Above brownish gray or pale grayish brown; wings dusky, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with pale yellowish, forming two distinct bands, the greater and primary coverts edged with light olive, the remiges more narrowly and sharply edged with yellowish white; orbital ring, chin, throat, chest, and anterior portion of sides pale buffy grayish, the remaining under parts white, tinged on flanks with pale buff. North America in general, except Alaska and north Pacific coast from Vancouver Island northward, and southwestern United States (western Texas to Arizona); migrating southward in winter through eastern Mex- ico and Central America to Colombia (Turbo, Santa Marta, Ocana, Bogota, etc.), Ecuador (Esme ‘aldas, La Concepcion, Valle del Chota, etc.), Venezuela (Carfpano, Lake of Valencia, etc.), northern Brazil 1Seventeen specimens. Iam not able to make out satisfactorily a western form (D. «. morcomi Coale). Western specimens seem, as a rule, to have shorter wings and longer tail than eastern examples, and adult males are often much less heavily streaked beneath; but the differences appear much too inconstant to justify recognition of a western subspecies. Average measurements are as follows: | Ex- . Locality. | Wing. Tail. | posed Tarsus. Middle | culmen. Es 2 eee Ee eS = sea MALES. Nine adult males from Atlantic States........-.------------ 63 | 45.4 | 10.2| 18.6 pie! Seven adult males from Mississippi Valley.-.....------------ | 63.2 | 44.2 LOL Za 1820 11 Eight adult males from Rocky Mountain district.......---- S622 46.4 10 18.8 11 Eight adult males from California ......-------------------- 1 36261! 46 10.1] 18 10.8 FEMALES. | | Fight adult females from Atlantic States ..-...------------- | 058.7 41.2 10 | 18.5 10.8 Three adult females from Mississippi Valley. ..------------- | 62.3 ADK \| 10 18 10.6 Four adult females from Rocky Mountain district.....----- 59.7 44,2 10.2 19.6 | 11 Two adult females from California........------------------ Hoes |) 143 10 19 10.5 | 510 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Forte do 8. Joaquim, Rio Tacutu, ete.), Trinidad, and Grenada (one specimen, November 14, 1882, in U. S. National Museum collection). No certain record from West Indies, except Grenada, but doubtfully credited to Bahamas and Cuba. Motacilla canadensis (not of Linnzeus) Boppagrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 4 (based on Figuier de Canada Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 2). [ Motacilla] «xstiva GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 996 (based on Figuier de Canada Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 2).—Lesson, Traité d’Orn. 1831, 418. [Sylvia] exstiva LATHAM, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 551. Sylvia xstiva Vieruior, Ois. Am. Sept., li, 1807, 35, pl. 95; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 225; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 429.—SrrerHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 750.—Bonapartr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1, 1826, 83.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 476, pl. 95.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, i, 1832, 370.—LEMBEYE, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, pl. 6, fig. 3 (not the text, which = D. gundlachi Baird). Sylvia cestiva TOWNSEND, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (Columbia R.). Sylvicola xstiva Swarnson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ui, 1831, 211.— JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 258.—BoNnaApartTr, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—AupuBoN, Synopsis, 1839, 57, 58; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 50, pl. 88.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed. i, 1840, 417.—WoopHouwse, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Exp. Zuni and Colorado R., 1853, 70 (Texas and Indian Territory.) —Maximi.ian, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 114 (upper Missouri R.).—Fryscn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 564 (Trinidad). M[niotilta] «wstiva Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] estiva Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3475. Mniotilta xstiva Lkoraup, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 176. R{himanphus] aestivus Capants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 19 (Venezuela; North Am.). [ Rhimamphus] xstiva BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. Rhimamphus estivus SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, Colom- hia); 1856, 141 (David, Chiriqui); 1857, 202 (Jalapa and San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz).—Casanis, Journ. fur Orn. 1860, 326 (Costa Rica). Dendroica xstiva Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 282, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 203, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 195, part.—HrERMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 40 (California).—Xantus, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).—Brerwer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 21 (descr. nests) .—SaLvin and ScuaTer, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— Cooper and Sucktey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 181 (Wash- ington and Oregon).—Cassrn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 191, 192 (Turbo, n. Colombia).—Buaxiston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Forks of Saskatchewan ).— Lawrenceg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 175 (David, Chiriqui), 180 (Grey- town, Nicaragua); vill, 1866, 284 (New York City).—Franrzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 298 (San José, Costa Rica).—SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc., winter).—HoLpEn, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Wyoming ).—Rrpaway, Bull. Essex Inst., v., 1873, 180 (Colorado); Orn. Illinois, 1, 1889, 137.—MeErriam, Rep. U. 8. Geol, Sury. Terr, for 1872 (1873), 675, 705, 713 (Ogden, etce., Utah).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 222, part, pl. 14, fig. 1.—Yarrow and HEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spee. Wheeler’s Sury., 1874, 10 (Provo, Utah).—HEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1874, 41 (Utah), 58 (Denver, Colorado, May), 74 (Fort Garland, Colorado; descr. nests), 102 (New Mexico); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 192 (Nevada; Utah; Colorado).—TuRNerr, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vili, 1885, 237 (Fort George, Hudson Bay).—AmERICAN OrnirHoLogists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 652, part.—Cory, Auk, iii, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Blt 1886, 29 (Cuba ?; Bahamas ?); Birds W. I., 1889, 43; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 123.—FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 1387 (Chietla, Puebla, Dec.).—Cooxker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 244 (dates of migr., ete.).— Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 18 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, breeding).—CHeErrin, Auk, vii, 1890, 335 (San José, Costa Rica, winter, and until May 11); vii, 1891, 279, part only ? (Costa Rica; remarks on plumage).—PA.LmeErR (W.), Prod: U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 265 (St. Johns, Newfoundland ).—MeErrriam, N. Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 105 (Idaho) .—(?) Macraruang, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 444, part re wooded region of Arctic North America ).— ALLEN, Bull. ‘Aen Mus. N. H.,iv, 1892, 51 (Cartpano, Venezuela, Nov.); xili, 1900, 177 (Bonda, Proy. ane nen Cones Aug. 27 to Jan. 31); Auk, Xvii, et 366 (do.).—RicuMmonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484, part (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Aug. 9 to late in Feb.).—NrnRiING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 18938, 198, pl. 15, fig. 1.—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 24 (Trinidad).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—GrINNELL, Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 45 (Los Angeles Co., California, summer resid. ).—Merrityi, Auk, xv, 1898, 18 (Fort Sherman, Idaho).—Bryrr, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat., 1897-99 (1900), 112 (Louisiana, breeding). Dendreca xstiva SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1864, 172 (near City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador; Cayenne; Trinidad; Colombia).—Lawrencr, Am. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (San José, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).—BLakiston, Ibis, 1863, 63 (interior British America).— ScLaTER and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.); 1869, 251 (Lake Valencia, Venezuela); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1879, 494.—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad ).—Cours, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1873, no. 70, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 111, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 54, part, 232 (Colorado, up to 6,500 ft.); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 252 are —Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Bugabd, Cordillera del Ghue u, Chitra, Calobre, Caloveyora, and Santa Fé, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Veragua); Ibis, 1888, 247 (Holbox and Mugeres islands, Yucatan; Ruatan I., Honduras).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 87.— WYATT, aes 1871, 322 (Ocann, Colombia ).—PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 71 (Forte do 8. Joaquim, Rio Tacutu, n. Brazil). ee Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 265, 345, in text (near Denver, Colorado), 396, in text (Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 (e. Kansas; Denver, ete., Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; Ogden, Utah); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers).—Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no 4, 1876, 15 (Barrio, Chihuitan, and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas).—Rrpa@way, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 431 (Sacramento, California; localities in Nevada and Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 93, part.—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San José, Costa Rica, Jan., Mar.).—Br.pine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 404 (Calaveras Co., California).—Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 56 (Baha- mas?).—SaLvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1880, 124, part; Ibis, 1880, 117 (Minca, Colombia, 2,000 ft. alt.).—Nurrine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 499 (San José, Costa Rica, Mar.).—BickneLi, Auk, i, 1884, 212 (song).—SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 273, 644, part. [ Dendreca] xstiva Cours, Key N. Am. birds, 1872, 97, part.—SciaTrer and Sat- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. D{endraca] xstiva Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298, part. Dendroeca wstiva SuNDEVALL, Oty. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 606 (monogr.). 512 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [Sylvia] carolinensis LatHAM, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 551 (= young; based on Figuier de la Caroline Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 1). [ Motacilla] carolinensis Turton, Syst. Nat., i, 1806, 615. Mniotilta 2 carolinensis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. Sylvia flava VirtLiot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 31, pl. 89 (—=female; U. 8. during migrations); Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 195; Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 455.—Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. Sylvia citrinella Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 111, pl. 15, fig. 6 (‘‘ fig. 5’? in text; e. Pennsylvania; coll. Peale Mus.).—Bonaparrs, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 190. (?) Rhimamphus citrinus RAFINESQUE, Journ. de Phys., 1xxxviii, 1819, 417 (Ken- tucky). Sylvia childrenii Aupuson, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 180, pl. 35 (near Jackson, Louisi- ana). Sylvia childreni Nurraut, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Canada, i, 1832, 370. Sylvia rathbonia AupuBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 333, pl. 65 (Mississippi ?). Sylvicola rathbonia RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bona- PARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 447. Sylvicola rathbonii AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 58; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 53, pl. 89. M{[niotilta] rathbonia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Rhimamphus] rathbonia Bonararte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 311. ** Rhimamphus chryseolus Bp. ‘ Bull. Soc. Linn. Caen., ii, 1831, 52 (Cayenne).’”’ Sylvia trochilus (not of Scopoli, 1769, ex Motacilla trochilus Linneeus) Nurrat, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 406. Dendroica sstiva morcomi CoaLE, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, no. 2, Apr., 1887, 82 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.).—RipeGway, Man. N. Am. 3irds, 1887, 593, part.—Merriit, Auk, v, 1888, 361 (Fort Klamath, Oregon). D{endroica] «estiva morcomi Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494, part. (2) Dendroeca marcomi Satvavort and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xv, 1899, 8 (La Concepcion and Valle del Chota, centr. Ecuador, Apr. ). Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnzeus) WELLS, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 611 (Grenada). DENDROICA ASTIVA SONORANA Brewster. SONORAN YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. w. estiva, but much paler; adult male lighter and much more yellowish olive-green above, the back frequently (usually 4) streaked with chestnut, pileum usually wholly clear yellow, lower rump and upper tail-coverts yellow, faintly streaked with olive-green- ish; wing-edgings all yellow; under parts lighter yellow than in 2. «. estiva, and with chest and sides much more narrowly (often faintly) streaked with chestnut; adult female conspicuously paler than in D. e. westiva, the upper parts often largely pale grayish, the under parts usually very pale buffy yellow. Adult male.—Length (skins), 107-121 (113.3); wing, 59-66 (63.3); tail, 45-56 (47.9); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle toe, 10-12 (10.9).' 1 Thirteen specimens. ies BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 513 Adult female.—Length (skins), 110-116 (113.2); wing, 57-61 (58.6); tail, 42-45 (48.2); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 18.5-19 (19); middle toe, 9.5-10.5 (10). Western Texas (Frontera, Fort Hancock, etc.), southern New Mex- ico, southern Arizona, and southward into Chihuahua, Sonora, and other parts of northwestern Mexico; in winter, southward to Guate- mals (Naranjo), Nicaragua (Greytown), ete. (?) Sylvicola exstiva (not Motacilla xstiva Gmelin?) Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 809 (New Mexico). Dendroica xstiva (not Motacilla xstiva Gmelin) Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 282, part (Frontera, Texas); Rep. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 10 (Frontera) ; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 203, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 195, part (Mazatlan; Colima).—(?) Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—(?) Burcusr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xx, 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas).—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1, 1874, 222, part.—LawreENcr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan; Colima).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 137 (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 652, part.—RicuMmonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484, part (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, winter) . : [Dendroeca] xstiva Cours, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83 (Camp Grant, Arizona). [ Dendreca] xstiva Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 97, part. Dendreca xstiva Cougs, Ibis, 1865, 159, in text (Los Pinos, New Mexico); Check List, 1873, no. 70, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 111, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 54, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 252, part.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 93, part.—LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan; Colima).—Satvi1n and Gopman, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, i, 1880, 124, part.— Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 93, part.—(?) SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 644, part (Presidio, near Mazatlan, Mexico). D{(endreca] xstiva Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 298, part. Dendroica] xstiva morcomi (not of Coale) Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494, part. Dendroica xstiva [morcomi . . . | Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts., s. Ari- zona, breeding up to 4,500 ft.).—ALLen, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Catalina Mts.; crit. ). Dendroica xstiva morcomi Newtson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 56 (Tres Marias Islands, May). Dendroica xstiva sonorana Brewster, Auk, vy, Apr., 1888, 137 (Oposura, Sonora, Mexico; coll. W. Brewster).—Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777 (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Aug. 19).—AMeERICAN OrNiTHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 652a.—Ripe@way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 608.—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Bisbee, s. e. Arizona; San Diego, Chihuahua). A DENDROICA ASTIVA DUGESI (Coale). DUGES’ YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. w. sonorana, but decidedly larger; adult male without streaks on back” and adult female duller, more grayish in color. ‘Nine specimens. “Only three specimens having been examined, this character may prove inconstant. 3654—VoL 2—01——33 514 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult male.—Length (skins), 119-137 (128); wing, 66-71 (68); tail, 50-56 (53); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 20; middle toe, 11-12 Gais3)2 Adult female.—Length (skins), 111-117 (114.6); wing, 62-66 (64.3); tail, 48-50 (48.6); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 11.! Central Mexico, in States of Guanajuato (Moro Leon), Tlaxcala (Apixaco), Michoacan (Patzcuaro), and Morelos (Cuernavaca). Dendroica dugesi CoaLK, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, no. 2, Apr., 1887, 83 (Moro Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ). Dendroica] dugesi Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495. DENDROICA AESTIVA RUBIGINOSA (Pallas). ALASKAN YELLOW WARBLER, Similar to 2. w. wstiva, but slightly smaller and much duller in color. Adult male darker and duller olive-green above, the pileum concolor with the back or else becoming slightly more yellowish on forehead (very rarely distinctly yellowish on forehead and fore part of crown); wing-edgings less conspicuous, mostly yellowish olive-green, sometimes inclining to yellow on greater coverts. Adult female darker and duller olive-greenish above, duller yellow below. Adult male.—Length (skins), 102-113 (108.6); wing, 61-63 (61.9); tail, 40-46 (43.1); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17-19 (18); middle toe, Pile? Adult female.—Length (skins), 99-110 (106); wing, 57-62 (59.2); tail, 41-44 (43.2); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17-19 (18); middle toe, 10-11 (10.8).° Alaska in general, both along the coast and throughout interior, and southward to Vancouver Island; migrating southward to southern California, central Texas, and Nicaragua. Motacilla rubiginosa Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., i, 1826, 496 (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Dendroica xstiva rubiginosa OBERHOLSER, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 76 (synonymy; deser.; crit. ).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNton Commitres, Auk, xiv, 1897, 123.—GRINNELL, Auk, xv, 1898, 129 (Sitka).—NeEtson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 56 (Tres Marias Islands, May).—BisHop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 89 (Bennett, Caribou Crossing, ete., Alaska).—Oscoop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 49 (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). Dendroica xstiva (not Motacila estiva Gmelin) DAaLLt and Bannister, Trans. Chi- cago Ac. Sei., 1, 1869, 278 (Fort Yukon, St. Michaels, etce., Alaska).—Dauu, Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 600.—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 222, part (Kadiak; Fort Yukon).—Turner, Contr. Nat. Hist. Alaska, 1886, 178.—TowNsENp, Cruise ‘‘Corwin”’ in 1885 (1887), 94 (Kowak R., Alaska); Auk, iv, 1887, 14 (Kowak R.).—Netson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 201.—(?) Ruoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 54, part (coast British Columbia).—Ripa@way, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 664 (Middleton I., Alaska). ‘Three specimens. * Ten specimens, * Five specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. as D{[endroica] xstiva Rinaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 494, part (Alaska). Dendreca xstiva Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).—Nertson, Cruise ‘‘ Cor- win’’ in 1881 (1883), 63 (Norton and Kotzebue sounds, Alaska).—Bran, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 147 (Kadiak).—Br.tpine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 5386 (La Paz, Lower California, winter ).—McLENEGAN, Cruise ‘“Corwin,’’ 1884, 114 (Kowak R. and Hotham Inlet, Alaska, breeding). DENDROICA PETECHIA PETECHIA (Linnzus). JAMAICAN YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. wstiva westiva, but larger, especially the bill and feet; wing more rounded, the outermost (ninth) primary decidedly shorter than sixth, instead of longer; lateral rectrices with more of dusky at tips and along outer side of shaft; yellow of under parts averaging deeper or richer. Adult male.—-Above bright yellowish olive-green (about the same as in D. wstiva wstiva), the forehead and crown more yellowish or (usu- ally?) more or less tinged (often strongly so) with orange-ochraceous, but never with a sharply defined patch of this color; rump slightly more yellowish than back; greater wing-coverts and remiges dull slate-blackish, edged with yellowish olive-green, these edgings broader and decidedly yellow on greater coverts and tertials; middle wing-coy- erts broadly tipped with yellow; middle pair of rectrices and outer webs of other rectrices dusky olive, the outermost narrowly edged with yellow; inner webs of three outer rectrices yellow to the shaft, the next yellow very nearly to the shaft, the fifth with marginal half or more yellow— those with most yellow having a wedge-shaped termi- nal space of dusky; sides of head (including lores and superciliary region) and entire under parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest and sides streaked with cinnamon-rufous or light reddish chestnut; maxilla dusky with paler tomia; mandible more grayish (pale bluish gray in life’); iris brown; legs and feet brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 110-127 (118.5); wing, 64-66 (65); tail, 48-53 (50.3); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10.6); tarsus, 20-22 (20.5); middle toe, 11-12 (11.1).! Adult female.—Above (including pileum) dull yellowish olive- green, more or less tinged with gray, especially on back and scapu- lars; greater wing-coverts and remiges grayish dusky with light yellowish olive-green or yellowish gray edgings, these broadest on greater coverts and tertials, narrower on secondaries and primaries; 'Six specimens, from Jamaica. A single adult male from Haiti measures as fol- lows: Wing, 63; tail, 46; exposed culmen, 11; tarsus,21; middle toe, 12. In colora- tion this Haitian specimen agrees in the main very closely with Jamaican examples, but has the forehead and crown olive-yellow with a mere trace of orange-ochraceous, and the dusky color of the remiges and middle rectrices is not so dark. It is possible that a series from Haiti might show constant differences, thus requiring separation of the birds from that island from those of Jamaica. 516 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull yellowish olive-green; tail as in adult male, but yellow of inner webs of rectrices paler and more restricted; sides of head (including lores and orbital ring) and under parts pale yellow (straw yellow or naples yellow), tinged on sides with olive-green, the lower abdomen paler, sometimes nearly white; bill and feet as in adult male, but mandible paler and more brownish; length (skins), 112-130 (119.7); wing, 59-62 (60.4); tail, 47-50 (48.4); exposed culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9); tarsus, 20-229 (21.2); middle toe, 11- Bie). [Many adult females of this form have the yellow of under parts partly replaced by white, and the olive-green of upper parts partly replaced by gray, especially on sides of head and neck, hindneck, and scapulars. There is nothing to indicate that these are younger birds, and | believe that the variation is simply an individual one. | Island of Jamaica, Greater Antilles; island of Haiti? [ Motacilla] petechia Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, 334 (based on The Yellow Red-poll, Avicula lutea vertice rubro, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., v, 99, pl. 256, fig. 1).—GmeLin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 983. Motacilla petechia Lesson, Traité d’Orn., i, 1831, 418. [Sylvia] petechia LarHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535. Sylvia petechia Vrertior, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 32, pl. 91; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xi, 1817, 228; Enc. Méth. ii, 1823, 443. M{niotilta| petechia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] petechia Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3496. Dendreca petechia Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part (Jamaica).—Cougs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote (synonymy ).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 57.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 277, 644 (excl. loc. Bahamas). [ Dendreeca] petechia ScLaTER and Satvrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9, part.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. D{endreca] petechia Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106. Dendroica petechia Marcu, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 292 (Jamaica).— Barirp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 199 (Jamaica).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 29, part (Jamaica); Birds W. I., 1889, 43, part; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118, part (Jamaica). D{endroica] petechia Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495, part (Jamaica). [ Dendroica petechia] var. petechia Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1, 1874, 217, part (Jamaica; Haiti?). {| Dendroica petechia] a. petechia Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 349. Sylvicola estiva (not Motacilla «xstiva Gmelin) Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 157. [ Dendroeca petechia] e. jamaicensis SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr. ). (2) [Motacilla] albicollis GmME.in, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 11, 1788, 983 (Santo Domingo; based on Le Figuier de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis Brisson, Orn., iii, 494, pl. 26, fig. 5). (2?) [Sylvia] albicollis LarnAm, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 535. (2?) Sylvia albicolis Virrttor, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 221. 1 Six specimens, from Jamaica. ~~ . | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. let (?) [Motacilla] chloroleuca GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 984 (Santo Domingo; based on Petit Figuier de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis minor Brisson, Orn., ili, 496, pl. 26, fig. 2). (2?) [Sylvia] chloroleuca Latuam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 984. (?) Sylvia chloroleuca STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 704.—Vretiiot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 195. DENDROICA PETECHIA AURICAPILLA Ridgway. GRAND CAYMAN YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. p. petechia, but with decidedly shorter wing and larger bill and feet. (Adult female sometimes partly gray above and whitish below, as in J. p. petechia.) Adult male.—Length (skins), 109-126 (119.9); wing, 58-64 (61.4); tail, 48.5-51 (49.6); exposed culmen, 11-11.5 (11.1); tarsus, 20-22 (21); middle toe, 11-12 (11.4)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 110-120 (116.6); wing, 59-61 (60); tail, 46-49 (47); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-21 (20.6); middle toe, 11-12 (11.8).’ Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea (south of Cuba). Dendroica petechia gundlachi (not Dendroica gundlachi Baird) Cory, Auk, iii 1886, 501 (Grand Cayman). Dendroica auricapilla Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, sig. 36, Aug. 6, 1888, 572 (Grand Cayman, Greater Antilles; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.; ex Townsend, manuscript). Dendroica aurocapilla Cory, Auk, vi, 1889, 31 (Grand Cayman); Birds W. I., 1889, 287 (Grand Cayman); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 129, 155 (Grand Cayman). ’ DENDROICA PETECHIA FLAVICEPS Chapman. BAHAMA YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. p. petechia, but yellow of under parts more intense, and chestnut streaks on chest and sides heavier or more numerous; crown more rarely tinged with ochraceous or tawny. (Intermediate in coloration between LD. p. petechia and DPD. p. bartholemica, but much nearer the latter, from which some specimens are hardly distin- guishable. The adult female is sometimes partly gray above and whitish below, as in the former.) Adult male.—Length (skins), 112-123 (118.7); wing, 60-64 (61); tail, 44-50 (47.9); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11); tarsus, 20-22 (20.5); middle toe, 11-13 (11.8).* 1 Nine specimens. * Three specimens. ’Twenty specimens. 518 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Length (skins), 108-119 (114.9); wing, 55— Sy (57.6); tail, 48-47 (45.3); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 19-22 (21); middle toe, 10-12 (11).’ Bahama Islands. (?) Sylvicola estiva (not Motacilla estiva Gmelin) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1866, 67 (Bahamas). Sylvicola vee (not Motacilla petechia Linnzeus) Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 67 (Bahamas). Dendroica La (not Dendraca petechia Sclater ) Rane Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 495, part (Bahamas). [ Dendroica petechia| var. gundlachi (not Dendroica gundlachi Baird) Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 216, part (Bahamas). Dendreca petechia gundlachi Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, part (Bahamas). Dendreca petechia var. gundlachi Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 58. [ Dendroica petechia] (3. gundlachi Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii, 1885, 349, part (Bahamas). [ Dendreeca] petechia gundlachi Cory, List. Birds W. I., 1885, 8, part (Bahamas). Dendroica petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 30, part (Bahamas); Birds W.1., 1889, 44; Auk, vili, 1891, 297 (Caicos Islands; Inagua), 298 (Abaco), 350 (Great Bahama), 351 (Inagua); ix, 1892, 48 (Mariguana), 49 (Watlings L.; Inagua); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Eleuthera, New Providence, Exuma Keys, Concepcion I., Watlings I., Rum Cay, Long I., Acklin I., Mariguana, North Caicos, East Caicos, and Great Inagua).— Norturop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros I.).—Rtipaway, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New Providence), 336 (Eleuthera), 337 (Watlings I.), 338 (Rum Cay), 339 (Concepcion I. ). D{[endroica] petechia gundlachi Rroaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 573, in text, part (Bahamas). Dendroica petechia flaviceps CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H.,iv, no. 1, Dee. 29, 1892, 310 (Rum Cay; coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.). DENDROICA PETECHIA BARTHOLEMICA Sundevall. PORTO RICAN YELLOW WARBLER, Similar to ). p. petechia, but wing and tail shorter, bill and tarsus longer (the former also stouter), and coloration more intense; the adult 'Ten specimens. Specimens from different islands average as follows: Ex- . Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus.| wea | culmen. je MALES. | Four adult males from Watlings Island..................--- 60.7 48.2 11 21 11 Nine adulizmales trom Rumi Cay. s-se-s seaecee eee eeeee 61 49 1l 20 12 Oneadultmatesrom Cat sland=-=--- 22 n2- ee eee eee ee 60 47 11 200°" | 12 One adult male from Eleuthera Island................-....-- 60 44 11 21 12 Four adult males from Concepcion Island ..........-.-.---- 62.2 48 iby 21 12 One adult male from New Proyidence Island.............-- 62 47 11 22 12 FEMALES. Three adult females from Watlings Island .................. 56 44.6 10.6 21 10.3 Fourjadult females trom) RumiCa ys ase. -- n= seme e eens 8.5 46 11 21 2 Three adult females from Concepcion Island ...........-.-. a8 45 11.3 21 11.3 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Dig male with yellow of under parts richer, chestnut streaks on chest and sides much heavier, yellow tips and margins to middle and greater wing coverts more conspicuous, as well as purer yellow, and dusky portions of remiges darker, more nearly black; adult female much more richly colored than that of D. p. petechia, nearly always,’ in per- fect plumage, entirely bright yellow beneath, and with the chest and sides usually more or less streaked with pale chestnut. Young.—Above plain olive-gray; remiges and rectrices as in the adult female; middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull grayish white or pale buffy gray, the greater coverts more narrowly tipped with the same; sides of head pale brownish gray, relieved by an orbital ring of dull white; chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast very pale buffy grayish; rest of under parts white. Adult male.—ULength (skins), 117-133 (124.1); wing, 59-64 (62.3); tail, 47-56 (49.1); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.3); tarsus, 21—22 (21.3); middle toe, 11-13 (11.8).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 117-123 (120.3); wing, 56-64 (60); tail, 46-51 (48.6); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 20-22 (21); middle toe, 11-12 (11.1).° Islands of Porto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda, Anegada, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; islands of Anguilla, St. Bartholomew, St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, Barbuda, and Antigua, Lesser Antilles.’ [ Dendroica petechia} var. ruficapilla (not Motacilla ruficapilla Gmelin) Barr, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 217 (Porto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. Bartholomew). 1 Among a series of twenty-seven adult females none show any admixture of gray on the upper parts and only one a very slight admixture of whitish on the under parts. * Nineteen specimens. 3 Seventeen specimens. Specimens from different islands average, according to the series measured, as follows: Ex- | : Locality. Wing.| Tail. | posed | Tarsus. sale |culmen. | Oe: MALES. | Sevenadult malesifrom Porto Rico 22.0 .2.2 22522. 20..2 5.0.52 aekGuley 49.5 Vere 21 12 Hiveyadultimail essiromyVAequesse a. oe..ace ce a= sens Jace cee ene 62.2 49.6 LSD 21.8 12 threeadultmalestromcSt: Mhomas=<...-22--0-...sec----c2-- 63 52.3 LS Te QIK, 11.6 OneaduliimealestromeAmtiguae 5. o22-scc--cessecees sacs e see 61 48 11 21 11 One adult male from St. Bartholomew .........-......-...-- | 63 47 11 | 21 12 One adult male from St. Christopher.........---. Saray a 60 47 11 21 12 OnejadultamaleiromiSt) Rustatims: 222... -cq-2-<2s een ee en! 65 5] L220 li FEMALES. | | pevenladult females from Porto Ricoy. 222. se eG? 49.1 | 11 | 21 Pe Sixcaduilit temalesfrom! Vieques !<.nicceoe aa oe secs sce co aoe | 59 47.6 11 | 21.3 11.8 Two adult females from St. Thomas..........-.....--------- | 59.5 46.5 11 | 21 11 One adult female from St. Bartholomew ................-.-. 59 47 11 | 21 12 One adult female from St. Eustatius. .<3..5..2-.5.......-... | 60 SO Mae ee eee 20 11 *I have seen satisfactory series of specimens only from Porto Rico, Vieques, and St. Thomas, and none at all from Virgin Gorda, St. Croix, Anguilla, and Barbuda. 520 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dendreca petechia var. ruficapilla LAWRENCE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 486 (Barbuda; Antigua). Dendreca petechia ruficapilla Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote. [ Dendreca] petechia ruficapilla Cory, List. Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Dendroica petechia ruficapilla Cory, Auk, iii, 1886,31 (Barbuda, Antigua; Porto Rico; St. Thomas); vii, 1890, 374 (Anegada), 375 ( Virgin Gorda); viii, 1891, 47 (Anguilla; St. Eustatius); Birds W. I., 1889, 45; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118 (Porto Rico; St. Thomas; Virgin Gorda; Anegada; St. Croix; Anguilla; St. Bartholomew; St. Eustatius; St. Christopher; Barbuda; Antigua). [Dendroica petechia] y. ruficapilla Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 349. Dendroica ruficapilla Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 155 (St. Bartholomew). Dendreca ruficapilla SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 275, 644.—ScuarTeEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1892, 499 (Anguilla). Dendroica petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnzeus) Casstx, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 192, 376 (St. Thomas).—Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vii, 1884, 172 (St. Thomas). Dendreca petechia ScuatErR, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 32, part (St. Croix ).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 166, part (Porto Rico).—LAawreEncE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 233 (Antigua), 239 (Barbuda). D{endreca] zstiva Newton (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 143 (St. Croix). Dendroica [no specific name] Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 201 (St. Croix; St. Thomas). [ Mniotilta] ? Baird, Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3497. Dendroeca petechia portoricensis SUNDEV ALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (nomen nudum). Dendroeca petechia, stirps barthelemica SuNDEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 582 (St. Bartholomew; descr. eggs; nomen nudum/). [ Dendroeca petechia] a. bartholemica SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 607 (St. Bartholomew; coll. Stockholm Mus.). [Dendroeca petechia] b. cruciana SunpEvALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 608 (St. Croix). DENDROICA PETECHIA GUNDLACHI (Baird). CUBAN YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. p. petechia, but duller in color; adult male with upper parts much darker olive-green, the pileum usually concolor with the back, sometimes slightly more yellowish, very rarely tinged with orange-ochraceous, and wing-edgings less purely yellow; adult female usually duller in color than in D. p. petechia, often grayish olive- green, or even largely gray, above, and dull whitish, merely tinged here and there with yellow, beneath.* Adult male.—Length (skins), 115-125 (119.1); wing, 60-66.5 (62.1); tail, 46-52 (49.3); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.5); middie toe, 11-13 (11.9).’ 'The specimens examined are nearly all in worn plumage, and the differences observed in these may possibly not be observable in good plumaged examples; never- theless, this series of Cuban birds when compared with an equal series in same stage of plumage from the island of Grand Cayman (D. p. auricapilla Ridgway, and one of D. petechia petechia) shows very conspicuous and uniform differences. *Ten specimens. a i all ete i tt heed be | ees ple 0 lel ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 921 Adult female.—Length (skins), 112-125 (119.7); wing, 56-62 (58.7); tail, 44-48 (46.4); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 20-22 (21); middle toe, 11." Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles. Sylvia exstiva (not Motacilla xstiva Gmelin) Lempryr, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 31 (not pl. 6, fig. 3). Rhimamphus zxstivus CaBANis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba); 1860, 326 (do.).—Gunpuacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 407 (Cuba). Dendroica albicollis (not Motacilla albicollis Gmelin) Cassry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860, 192 (Cuba).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1860, 264 (Cuba; crit.).—GuNpb.acH, Journ. fir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba).—ALBrecur, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 205 (Cuba). Sylvicola petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnzeus) Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). Dendroica petechia CHapmMaNn, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iv, 1892, 310 (Casilda, s. Cuba; crit. ). Dendroica gundlachi Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 197 (Cuba; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).—Gunpbuacnu, Journ. ftir Orn., 1872, 414 (Cuba). Dendreeca gundlachi GUNDLACH, Repert. Fisico—Nat. Cuba, 1, 1865, 234.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 278, part (Cuba). [ Mniotilta] gundlachti Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3495. [ Dendroica petechia] var. gundlachi Batrp, Brewer, and RipGway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 216, part (Cuba). Dendraca petechia gundlachi Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 255, footnote, part (Cuba). [ Dendreca] petechia gundlachi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8, part (Cuba). Dendroica petechia gundlachi Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 30, part (Cuba); Birds W. L., 1889, 44; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 17, 118, part (Cuba; Isle of Pines). [Dendroica petechia] f. gundlachi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 349, part (Cuba). : D{endroica] petechia gundlachi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, Aug. 6, 1888, 573, in text, part (Cuba). [Dendroica vetechia] d. cubana SunpEvaut, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr. ). DENDROICA PETECHIA AUREOLA (Gould). GALAPAGOS YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. p. petechia, but olive-green of upper parts much darker, and adult male with pileum always rufous-chestnut, forming a well-defined cap, sharply defined laterally against the yellow of the superciliary region. Adult male.—Pileum uniform chestnut-rufous, sharply defined lat- erally; rest of upper parts plain deep yellowish olive-green, very slightly, if at all, more yellowish on rump, the upper tail-coverts even darker than back; wings (except lesser coverts) dusky, the middle coverts broadly tipped with yellow, the greater coverts and remiges edged with yellow, these edgings broader and clearer yellow on greater coverts and tertials, narrower and more or less tinged with olive-green on secondaries and primaries; tail dusky, the four middle rectrices inclin- ing to dark olive-green, the rest with inner webs yellow, except at 'Kight specimens. 5292 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tips; sides of head (including superciliary stripe), and entire under parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the chest and sides streaked with pale chestnut or cinnamon-rufous; maxilla black, with paler tomia; mandible dusky grayish (bluish gray in life’); legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 117-132 (123.7); wing, 62-67 (65.4); tail 47-56 (50.3); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.7); tarsus, 21-22 (21.5); middle toe, 12.7 Adult female.—Above plain olive-green, including pileum; wings and tail as in adult male but yellowish edgings much less distinct; superciliary stripe and under parts plain gamboge yellow, paler and duller than in adult male; length (skins), 125-129 (127); wing, 60-64 (61.3); tail, 45-49 (47); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.3); tarsus, 18-20 (19); middle toe, 14.” Immature male.—Similar to adult female but chest and sides faintly streaked with pale chestnut, hindneck and sides of neck gray, chin and throat whitish, and yellowish wing-edgings more distinct. Younger (4) male.—Pileum, hindneck, and sides of neck gray, the crown tinged with olive-green; rest of upper parts as in plumage last described above, but yellowish wing-edgings less distinct; under parts dull white, tinged with pale yellow on flanks, lower abdomen, and under tail-coverts, and with pale gray on sides of chest. Galapagos Archipelago (Albemarle, Duncan, Charles, Hood, Chat- ham, Barrington, Indefatigable, Jervis, James, Tower, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Cocos Island, off Bay of Panama; Gorgona Island, Bay of Panama?;* coast of Ecuador (Guayaquil) ?;* coast of Peru (Santa Lucia; Tumbez) #° Sylvicola aureola GouLp, Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, Birds, 1841, 86, pl. 28 (Galapagos Archipelago).—Bonaparter, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. Dendroica aureola Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 192.—Barrp, Review, 1865, 194, footnote.—Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xii, 1889, 105, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 (Indefatigable, Charles, James, and Chatham islands ).— TownsEnD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxvii, 1895, 122 (Cocos Island ).—Rorns- cHILD and Harrert, Novit. Zool., vi, 1899, 147 (Culpepper, Wenman, Abingdon, Bindloe, Tower, Albemarle, Narborough, James, Jervis, Duncan, Indefatigable, Chatham, Charles, Gardner, and Hood islands). Dendreca aureola SCLATER and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, 323 (Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands).—Satvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 473 (Indefatigable, Bindloe, and Abingdon islands); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 420 (Charles Island).—SHarpr, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 66 (Charles Island); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 282 (Inde- fatigable, Charles, and Abingdon islands; Gorgona Island, Panama Bay; Ecuador; Peru).—Covurs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 256, footnote (synonymy ).— Taczanowsk!I, Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 467 (Santa Lucia and Tumbez, w. Peru).—Satvaporr and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, 1899, 8 (Savana de Guayaquil, Estero Carnero, Puntillo, and Santa Elena, w. Ecuador; crit.). 'Ten specimens. * Three specimens. * No specimens seen by me from these localities. +s - "et ted 2000 a ae atte ee ile cr bo Geo BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. [ Dendreca] aureola ScuaTeR and Satvix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 9. D{endroica] aureola Baird, BreweEr, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874 ? ? ’ ’ ’ > ZT. [ Dendroica petechia] &. aureola Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 350. Dendroica petechia . . . var. SUNDEVALL, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 124 (Chatham, Charles, and James islands). [ Dendroeca petechia] {. gallapagensis SUNDEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 608 (monogr. ). (2) [Dendroeca petechia] g. peruviana SuNpEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 609 (Callao, w. Peru; coll. Stockholm Mus.; also, Guayaquil, w. Ecuador). (?) [Dendroeca petechia] h. xquatorialis SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 609 (Guayaquil, w. Ecuador; coll. Stockholm Mus.; also, Callao, w. Peru). DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA RUFICAPILLA (Gmelin). GUADELOUPE YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. petechia bartholemica, but much smaller; adult male (in full plumage) with crown much deeper and more extensively orange- rufous or rufous-chestnut (whole pileum sometimes almost continuously of this color, fading on forehead to a more orange-ochraceous hue); back, ete., darker olive-green; adult female much smaller than that of D. petechia bartholemica, but very similar in coloration, except that the forehead and crown are usually tinged (often strongly so) with orange- ochraceous. Still more similar in coloration to D. p. rufivertex, and about the same size, but adult male with chestnut streaks on chest and sides much narrower and adult female with forehead and crown more or less strongly tinged with yellow and orange-ochraceous. Adult male.—Length (skins), 109-125 (115.1); wing, 56-60 (58.4); tail, 48-48 (45.5); exposed culmen, 9.5-11 (10.4); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle toe, 11-12 (11.6)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 110-129 (117.2); wing, 53-58 (55.3); tail, 42-45 (43.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.2); tarsus, 18-20 (19.4); middle toe, 11.” ‘Hight specimens. ?Eleven specimens. Specimens from the island of Dominica average larger than those from Guadeloupe, averages of the series measured being as follows: | | Ex- + Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. Boge ;culmen. ae MALES. | Four adult males from Guadeloupe. 2... 22. .2...066.2-----0< 57.4 43.7 | LOST Sh 7 11.3 Four adult males from Dominica ....................-.--.-. 59.4 47,2 | 10.6 19.4 7 FEMALES. | Seven adult females from Guadeloupe .........-..-.-.------ 54.5 43.8 | 10.1 LOR 11 Four adult females from Dominica ................----..--- | 56.6 43.4 | 10.4 18.9 11 524 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica, Lesser Antilles. [ Motacilla] ruficapilla GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 971 (based on Figuier de la Martinique, Ficedula martinicana, Brisson, Orn., iii, 490, pl. 22, fig. 4). [Sylvia] ruficapilla Larnam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 540. Dendraca petechia (not Motacilla petechia Linnzeus) Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 166, part (Dominica).—LawrENcE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 54 (Dominica; descr. nest and eggs). Dendreca petechia var. melanoptera LAWRENCE, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, Apr. 22, 1879, 453 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). [Dendroica petechia] 6. melanoptera Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 350 (Guadeloupe; Dominica). [ Dendreeca] petechia melanoptera Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Dendroica petechia melanoptera Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 31; viii, 1891, 49 (Guade- loupe); Birds W. I., 1889, 45; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118 (Guadeloupe; Dominica). Dendreca melanoptera SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 279, 644 (Dominica; Guadeloupe ).—Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, 326 (Dominica). DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA RUFIVERTEX Ridgway. COZUMEL YELLOW WARBLER. Similar to D. 7. ruficapilla, but adult male with chest and sides much more broadly streaked with chestnut; adult female with forehead and crown uniform yellowish olive-green, concolor with back, ete. Adult male.—Length (skins), LO7-120 (114.5); wing, 56-60 (58.2): tail, 44-48 (46.6); exposed ‘culmen, 10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 19-21 (20); middle toe, 10.5-11 (10.9)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 106-118 (110); wing, 55-56 (55.6); tail, 45-47 (45.8); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.5); tarsus, 18-21 (20); middle toe, 11.” Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. Dendroica petechia rufiverter RipGway, Descr. New Species Birds from Cozumel, Feb. 26, 1885, 1; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iii, 1885, 21 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Proe. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 348 (full descr. ), 563. [ Dendroica petechia] &. rufiverler Ripaway, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 350. DENDROICA RUFICAPILLA FLAVIDA (Cory). ST. ANDREWS YELLOW WARBLER. **Resembles Dendroica rufiverter, bat has the orange brown on the head [crown] more restricted and paler; throat unspotted, or very nearly so; underparts, including sides and flanks, heavily striped with rufous brown. Adult male.—** Top of the head orange brown showing yellow in front of the eye; nape, back, and upper tail-coverts yellowish olive; throat bright pale yellow, touched with one or two indistinct pencil- ings of DEOW rest of underparts yellow, heay Ly streaked with rufous a Fight specimens. 2 Six specimens. tie — . 570 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dendreeca peridentalis (typographical error) Cooprr, Am. Nat., iii, Nov., 1869, 480, footnote (Colorado Valley, California, May 27). ~ Dendreca chrysoparia (not of Sclater and Salvin, 1860) Scuarrr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1862, 19 (La Parada, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 358 (do.). Dendreca niveiventris, SALvin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, 187, pl. 24, fig. 2 (San Gerdnimo, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman). DENDROICA RARA (Wilson). CERULEAN WARBLER, Wing less than 69; crown blue or greenish blue; auricular region blue or olive. Adult male (all seasons).—Above grayish blue, brighter on the pileum, where approaching cerulean or azure; sides of hinder crown and occiput streaked with black, sometimes suffused into lateral patches; back and scapulars more or less broadly streaked with black; upper tail-coverts black, margined with grayish blue or bluish gray; wings and tail black with grayish blue edgings, the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands; the inner webs of rectrices with a subterminal patch of white, largest on outermost; sides of head grayish blue, relieved by a more or less distinct postocular streak of dusky, this often margined above by a more or less distinct (sometimes conspicuous) supra-auricular streak of white; malar region and under parts white, the sides and flanks | broadly streaked with dusky (more or less suffused, especially on sides of breast, with grayish blue), the chest usually crossed by a narrow band of blackish, more or less suffused with grayish blue, this band often interrupted in the middle, sometimes wanting; maxilla black, mandible grayish dusky (grayish blue in life); iris brown; legs and feet brownish dusky in dried skins; length (skins), 102.9-115.6 (110.5); wing, 62-67.6 (65.5); tail, 43.2-47.7 (45); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.2 (9.9); tarsus, 15.7-17 (16.5); middle toe, 9.9-10.4 (10.2).* Adult female (all seasons).—Above varying from light bluish gray to grayish olive-green, the pileum brighter (grayish glaucous-blue to sage green), entirely unstreaked; wings and tail as in adult male, but edgings light greenish or olive-grayish instead of bluish; a more or less distinct whitish or pale yellowish superciliary stripe; auricular region grayish or grayish olive-green, darker along upper margin, somewhat streaked with whitish or pale yellowish anteriorly; under parts dull white, usually more or less suffused with pale yellow (some- times strongly so), especially on sides of neck and across chest; length (skins), 104-110.5 (107.7); wing, 58.2-62.7 (61.2); tail, 41.1-42.7 (42.4); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.4 (10.2); tarsus, 15.5-17 (16.3); middle toe, 9.4-10.4 (9.9). 1 Seven specimens. se whe ta: 2 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. wel Young male, nestling plumage.—Above uniform brownish gray (deep drab-gray), the pileum divided longitudinally by a broad median stripe of grayish white; sides of head (including a broad superciliary stripe) and entire under parts white; a narrow postocular stripe of deep drab-gray; wings as in adults, but edgings greenish rather than bluish. {Autumnal and winter adults do not differ from spring and summer specimens except in being more highly colored. ‘This is more evident in females, in which the superciliary stripe and under parts are often entirely pale sulphur or primrose yellow. I have not seen specimens which I am able to identify as young, of either sex, in first autumn or winter; possibly some of the yellower supposed adult females are in reality immature birds. | Eastern United States, chiefly west of the Alleghenies; breeding northward to eastern Nebraska (Omaha), Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michi- gan (as far as Mackinac Island), Ontario (Drummondville, etc.), western and central New York (Niagara, Oneida, and Monroe counties), east- ward to eastern Maryland (Baltimore County) and western Virginia (Natural Bridge), southward to Tennessee, Louisiana (Franklin and St. Tammany parishes), etc.; casually or irregularly northward to Connecticut (Suffield; Seymour), Rhode Island (Providence; Paw- tucket), Long Island (Crow Hill), and New Jersey (Morris County); west regularly to edge of the Great Plains, occasionally to Rocky Mountains (Denver, Colorado; Rio Mimbres, New Mexico). In winter south to Cuba and Grand Cayman, and through eastern Mexico, Central America, and western South America (chiefly east of the Andes) to central Peru and Bolivia (Naipiri). Sylvia cerulea (not Sylvia cxerlea Latham, 1790) Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 141, pl. 17, fig. 5 (e. Pennsylvania; coll. Peale Mus. ). Sylvia cerulea Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 193.—Licur- ENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (see Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 37).—Tuompson, Nat. Hist. Vermont, 1853, 82. Sylvicola cerulea JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 283; ili, 387.—Bona- PARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1864 (1865), 438 (Missouri). [Sylvicola] cerulea Bonapartr, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. Sylvicola cerulea Ricnarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 56; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 45, pl. 86.—WoopnHousr, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 70 (common in Texas and Creek and Cherokee countries).—Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311-(Wisconsin).—Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (Rio Mimbres, New Mexico.).—Wtuuis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 282 (‘‘ Nova Scotia.’’ ) Rhimamphus ceruleus ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 18 (Bogota, Colom- bia); 1858, 64 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador).—Gunputacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 177 (Cuba). Dendroica cxrulea Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 280; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 201; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 191 (Coban, Guatemala; 29 Bogota, Colombia, etc.).—GunpbiacH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 5 2 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1872, 414 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234.—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 235, pl. 13, figs. 10, 11; iii, 1874, 505 (Drummondville, Ontario, breeding; deser. nest and eggs).—HENsHAw, Zool. Exp. W.-100th Merid., 1875, 196 (do.).—BrewsreEr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1875, 134 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia, breeding; habits; descr. nest and eggs).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (Suffield, Connec- ticut, 1 spec.).—BuTLer, Bull. Brooky. Soc. N. H., ii, 1886, 35 (Franklin Co., Indiana, common summer resid. ).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, Check List, 1886, no. 658.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (West Indian references), 501 (Grand Cayman); Birds W. I., 1889, 49; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Cuba; Grand Cayman).—Luoyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., Texas, Oct. ).—Hasprouck, Auk, v, 1888, 323 (District Columbia, May 5, 1888) ; vii, 1890, 291 (same occurrence).—Scorr, Auk, y, 1888, 315 (Garden Key, Tortugas, 1 spec., Mar. 23); vii, 1890, 19 (Key West, Florida, Apr. 16 and 29).—Davison, Auk, v, 1888, 430 (Niagara Co., New York, breeding).— Eames, Auk, v, 1888, 431 (Seymour, Connecticut, 1 spec., May 10).— Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 249 (Minnesota; e. Kansas; e. Nebraska; w. Texas, etc.; dates of migr. ).—Rip@way, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 142.—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 556 (summer resid., common in e. rare in w. Kansas).— Smira (R. W.), Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., 1891, 123 (Warren Co., n. e. Ohio, breeding ).—Loomis, Auk, viii, 1891, 170 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Apr. 15 to May 3 and Oct. 4 to 26).—Topp, Auk, viii, pee 238 (Beaver Co., w. Pennsylvania, breeding) ; x, 1898, 41 (Indiana cn vy. Pennsylvania, breed- ing).~CuHerrif, Auk, ix, oe 92, 21 (San Jose, oe Rica, Aug. 24 to Oct. 24).—Wonuire, Auk, x, 1893, 227( Mackinac I., Michigan, raresummerresid. ).— Britey, Auk, x, 1893, 244 (Raleigh, North Carolina, 1 spec., May 8, 1893).— Durcuer, Auk, x, 1893, 277 (Crow Hill, Long Island, 1 spec. ).—NEHRLING, Our Native inde ete., 1, 1893, 212, pl. 13, fig. 6—McIiwrairs, Birds Ontario, 1894, 365 (s. Ontario, summer resid.).—Uirey and WALLACE, Proc. Indiana Ac. Sci., 1895, 156 (Wabash, Indiana, migratory ).—RuHoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1895, 495 (Samburg, Raleigh, and Bellevue, Ten- nessee, breeding); Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (lowlands of Westmoreland Co., Pennsylvania, numerous, breeding ).—P.LEasants, Auk, x, 1893, 372 (Towson a Maryland, 1 spec., July 7); Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular, no. iii, 1894 (3) (Baltimore Co., Maryland, breeding).—Torrey, Auk, xiii, 1896, 179 (Natural Bridge, Virginia, common).—Bace, Auk, xvii, 1900, 178 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).—Saunpers, Auk, xvii, 1900, 358-362 (w. Ontario; nesting habits; descr. nest and eggs).—Woop (J. C.), Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Detroit, Michigan, breeding).—Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Union, 2d an. meet., 1901, 57 (near Omaha, Nebraska, breeding).—KirKkwoop, Auk., xviii, 1901, 137 (ealoes Co., Maryland, breeding; descr. nest and eggs). D{endroica] cxrulea Borges, Cat. Birds 8. Mich., 1875, no. 40 (transient) .—Rine- way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 499. Dendreca cerulea ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Bogota).—ScLaTer and Sat- vin, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras); 1879, 494 (Antioquia, Colombia), 594 (Naipiri, Bolivia).—SAtvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Veragua).— ALLEN, Ball. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124 (Leavenworth, Kansas, com- mon); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 25-27 (Munroe Co., New York; Drum- mondville, Ontario; Mt. Carmel, Illinois; breeding; descr. nests and eggs).— Cougs, Check List, 1873, no. 77.—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Leavenworth, e. Kansas).—TaczanowskI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1882, 6 (Huambo, n. e. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 465.—GUNDLACH, Orn. Cuba, 1876, 65.—Purpie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Suffield, Connecticut, 1 spee.).—Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 46 (West 2 : F ; BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 578 Point, New York, 1 spec., May 17).—Rarusun, Revised List Birds Centr. N. Y., 1879, 11 (common summer resid.).—Drane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 185 (Providence, Rhode Island, 1 spec., May).—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 98.—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 130 (Mexico; Coban, Guatemala; Irazii, Costa Rica; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia, etc.).—Wessrer, Ornith. and Oolog., ix, 1884, 28 (Pawtucket, Rhode Island, 1 spec., May 22).—Burtier, Ornith. and Oolog., ix, 1884, 25 (habits, etc.).—AGrrspora, Auk, li, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota).—Tac- ZANOWSKI and Berruepscn, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 (Machay and Mapoto, Ecuador, Feb.).—SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 327, 651 (Guatemala; Panama; Calovevora, Veragua; Bogota and Antioquia, Colom- bia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Naipiri, Bolivia, etc.). Dendroeca cxrulea SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 614 (monogr. ). Dendreca cerulea Cours, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 118. Dendroica cerulea Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Hensuaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Survey, 1874, 58 (Denver, Colorado, May 17). Dendreca cerulea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R. ); 1x, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).—McItwrarra, Proc. Essex Inst., yv, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario).—Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 56, 233; Birds ‘Col. Val., 1878, 267.—Jouy, Field and Forest, ili, 1877, 51 ( District Columbia, 1 spec. ). [ Dendreca] cxrulea Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 99.—Cory, List Birds W. L., 1885, 8. D{endreca] cxrulea Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99, 152 (n. e. Illinois, rare sum. resid. ). [ Dendreca] cerulea ScuatTER and Satvix, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. D{endreca] cerulea Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 301. [| Mniotilta] cerulea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3473. [ Mniotilta] cerulea GreBEL, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 601. Dendreca cerula Trippr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 235 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, s. lowa, breeding). Sylvia rara Wiuson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 119, pl. 27, fig.2.—STEPHENs, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 657.—Vixe1Luot, Enc. Méth., 1i, 1823, 448.—Bonaparre, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.— Nurrau., Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 393.—AvupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 258, pl. 49. Phyllopneuste rara Bots, Isis, 1828, 321. Vermivora rara JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., 1, 1832, 406. M{niotilta] rara Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. Dendroica rara Ripaway, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 97.—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union Committers, Auk, xiv, 1897, 131.—Jupp, Auk, xiv, 1897, 326 (Boon- ton, Morris Co., New Jersey, Sept., 1887).—Bryer, Proc. Louisiana Soc. Nat., 1897-99 (1900), 118 (Louisiana, breeding in Franklin and St. Tammany parishes). Sylvia azurea STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 653 (based on Sylvia cerulea Wilson).—Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 85; Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 27, pl. 11, fig. 2.—Nurraui, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 407.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 255, pl. 48.—(?) TownsEenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vili, 1839, 153 (‘‘Oregon’’). Hypothimis azurea Bots, Isis, 1828, 318. Sylvia bifasciata Say, Long’s Exp. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, 170 (Council Bluffs, Iowa). Sylvia populorum Vretwot, Enc, Méth., ii, 1823, 449 (based on Sylvia cerulea Wilson). 574 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DENDROICA BLACKBURNIZ (Gmelin). BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER. Adult male in spring and summer.—Pileum and hindneck black, relieved by an oval patch or broad stripe of cadmium yellow or orange on middle of crown; a broad superciliary stripe of cadmium yellow or orange, confluent posteriorly with a large patch of the same on side of neck; a spot of rather paler orange-yellow immediately beneath eye, including lower eyelid; loral streak and auricular region black, the two connected by a narrow rictal streak; malar region, chin, throat, and chest rich orange or cadmium orange; remaining under parts pale yel- lowish or yellowish white (more decidedly vellowish on breast), the under tail-coverts white; sides and flanks streaked with black, these black streaks commencing at lower posterior extremity of auricular region; general color of upper parts black, the back streaked with whitish, especially the exterior row of interscapulars, which have most of their outer web whitish, forming, when feathers are properly arranged, two stripes along each side of back; feathers of rump and upper tail-coverts more or less distinctly edged with whitish; two to three outermost rectrices white, with black shafts and with a terminal euttate or cuneate mark of black; fourth rectrix also with much white on subterminal portion of inner web, and fifth sometimes with more or less of a white edging to subterminal portion of inner web; exposed portion of middle wing-coverts and innermost greater coverts white, forming a conspicuous patch on wing, the outermost greater coverts black, broadly tipped with white and narrowly edged with grayish; remiges black or dusky, narrowly edged with olive-grayish, these edgings broader and paler (sometimes white) on tertials; maxilla brownish black, mandible horn color (in dried skins), paler basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 111.8-119.4 (114.8); wing, 65.3-69.3 (67.8); tail, 46.5-49.3 (48.3); exposed culmen, 9.4-10.4 (9.9); tarsus, 17-17.8 (17.5); middle toe, 10.7-11.7 (10.9).* Adult female in spring and summer.—Ahbove grayish olive or hair brownish tinged with olive; pileum more or less streaked or flecked with black, the crown with more or less of a central spot of naples, or pale maize, yellow; back broadly streaked with black, the exterior row of interscapulars with outer webs mostly very pale buffy grayish or grayish buffy, forming two broad stripes when feathers are properly arranged; upper tail-coverts black, margined with brownish gray; wings and tail as in adult male, but general color much duller blackish, the lateral rectrices less extensively white and the white on greater wing-coverts usually not confluent with that on middle coverts, the white thus usually forming two broad bars instead of a single large 1 Five specimens. 3 4 ; this Are BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Dito patch; broad superciliary stripe, confluent with a patch on side of neck, pale naples or maize yellow; auricular region and lores grayish olive or hair brown; malar region, chin, throat, and chest deep chrome yel- low; rest of under parts dull yellowish white, more strongly tinged with yellowish on breast, the under tail-coverts more nearly white, the longest sometimes with a narrow mesial streak of dusky; sides and flanks streaked with dusky; bill, iris, etc., as in adult male; length (skins), 107.9-116.8 (114); wing, 63-65.5 (64.3); tail, 46.2-47.5 (46.7); exposed culmen, 9.6; tarsus, 17.3-17.8 (17.5); middle toe, 10.9-11.9 (UL) Adult (4) male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the summer female, but upper parts darker, becoming uniform black on ramp and upper tail-coverts, the latter margined with whitish; under parts of body more yellowish, with streaks on sides and flanks much broader as well as blacker. Young male in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the summer female in coloration of upper parts, but without yellowish spot in cen- ter of crown; yellow of throat and chest much less orange (dull lemon chrome instead of deep chrome or pale cadmium). Adult female in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer plumage, but whole under parts (except under tail-coverts) yellowish, not conspicuously deeper on throat and chest. Young femalein first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult female of corresponding season, but above browner, with streaks on back, ete., much less distinct, sometimes nearly obsolete; white wing-bands narrower; less white on lateral rectrices, the inner web of the outer- most rectrix extensively dusky basally; under parts pale yellowish buff, deepest on chest, paler posteriorly, the sides and flanks indistinctly streaked with grayish brown. Young, first plumage.—Above deep hair brown, relieved by an indistinct paler longitudinal space in middle of crown and indistinet darker streaks on back and rump; broad superciliary stripe, sides of neck, malar region, chin, and throat very pale grayish buffy; chest similar but rather darker and more grayish, faintly spotted with a slightly darker shade; rest of under parts white, the sides and flanks spotted with hair brown; wings as in autumn or winter specimens, but white tips to greater and middle coverts tinged with brownish buff. Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces; north- ward to Nova Scotia, Maine, northern Ontario (Muskoka, ete.), Mani- toba (Trout Lake), and southern shores of Hudson Bay (Severn House); west to edge of Great Plains, casually to western Texas (Kendall County, March 31), New Mexico (Fort Bayard, May), and Utah (Ogden, September); breeding southward to Connecticut, New York ' Five specimens. 576 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Lewis and Oneida counties), Pennsylvania (Butler, Indiana, Clearfield, Pike, Luzerne, and Elk counties), Michigan, and northern Minnesota, and along Allegheny Mountains to western North Carolina (above 8,000 feet), South Carolina (Pickens County) and eastern Tennessee (Roan Mountain, 4,000 feet, and Chilhowee, Mountains, 2,000-4,000 feet). In winter southward through eastern Mexico (States of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca) and Central America to Colombia, Ecuador (numer- ous localities and records), Peru, and Venezuela, and to Bahama Islands (Watlings Island; New Providence). Accidental in southern Green- land (Frederickshaab, October, 1845) ? (2?) Motacilla fusca MbLuER, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 175 (based on Figuier etranger Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 3; Guiana; Le Figuier orangé Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 313). (?) Motacilla aurantia Boppagrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 4 (based on Figuier etranger Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 8; Guiana; Le Figuier orangé Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 313). (?) M[niotilta] aurantia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. (?) [Motacilla] chrysocephala Gme.in, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 971 (based on Figuier etranger Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 58, fig. 3; Guiana; Le Figuier orangé Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v, 313). (?) Sylvia chrysocephala Lata am, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 541.—Vrer1ot, Nouv. Dict. ’ d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 206; Enc. Méth., ii, 18238, 459.—SrrepHEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 700. (2) [Sylvicola] chrysocephala BoNAPartE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 309. (?) [Motacilla] incana Guenin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 976 (New York; based on Greypoll Warbler LatHam, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 1783, 461). (?) [Sylvia] incana Laruam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. (?) Sylvia incana Vietiiot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 224; Enc. Méth., li, 1823, 442.—SrePHeEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 628. (?) M[niotilta] incana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Motacilla] blackburniz GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. ii, 1788, 977 (based on Black- burnian Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 461). [Sylvia] blackburnie Laraam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. j Sylvia blackburnix VeiL10T, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 36, pl. 96; Enc. Méth., ii, 1828, 432.—Witson, Am. Orn., ili, 1811, 64, pl. 23, fig. 3.—SrEpHENs, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 627..-Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 195; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.—Nurratu, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 379.—AubDUuUBON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 208; v, 1839, 73, pls. 185, 399. Sylvicola blackburniz Swarnson, Philos. Mag., n. s., i, 1827, 484 (Vera Cruz, Mexico).—JArpINgE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 354.—RricHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bonaparts, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22.—AupuBoNn, Synopsis, 1839, 57; Birds Am., oct. ed., li, 1841, 48, pl. 87.— Sciarer, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1854, 111 (Quijos, Eeuador).—Bryant, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).—ALprecuat, Journ. fir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas). . [Sylvicola] blackburniz BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 307. M{niotilta] blackburnix Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] blackburnix Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3472. R{himanphus] blackburnizx CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 19. Rhimamphus blackburnix ScuateER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, 143 (Bogota, Coiombia); 1858, 64 (Rio Napo, Ecuador). te 7 a ates BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 577 Dendroica blackburnix Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 274; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 196; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 189 (Coban, Guatemala; San Jose, Costa Rica).—Scuarer and Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— SciaTerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 64 (Pallatanga, Ecuador); 1860, 84 (do).—Franrztus, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 293( Costa Rica).—SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz).—Bartrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 237, pl. 13, figs. 2, 3; iii, 1874, 505 (Ogden, Utah, 1 spec., Sept., 1871).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (breeding from Connecticut northward).—Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 174 (Jackson and Macon counties, North Carolina, breeding above 3,000 ft.).—AMERICAN OrniTHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 602.— Raupu, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc., iii, 1886, 140 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding) .—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 36; ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 50; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New Providence and Watlings Islands, Bahamas).—Rripeway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 148.—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H.; ii, 1889, 69 (Quito, Ecuador); xiii, 1900, 178 (Las Nubes, ete., province Santa Marta, Colombia, Dec., Mar.); Auk, xii, 1895, 89 (Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, breeding).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 252 (breeding from n. Minnesota northward ).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs and Key West, Florida, rare migrant).—Loomis, Auk, vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding).—RatpxH and Baaa, Auk, vii, 1890, 231 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).—CueErriz, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Sept. to Feb.); viii, 1891, 278 (San José, Costa Rica; remarks on plumage).—Tuompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 619 (Manitoba, breeding).—Sronr, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Topp, Auk, vill, 1891, 398 (Butler Co., Pennsylvania, breeding?); x, 1893, 41, 45 (Indiana and Clearfield counties, Pennsylvania, breeding).—Wutrtr, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac I., Michigan, migrant).—NeraRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 218, pl. 12, fig. 1.—Ruoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 496 (Roan Mt., 4,000 ft., and Chilhowee Mts., 2,000-4,000 ft., Tennes- see, breeding).—Conapon, Auk, xii, 1895, 190 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Bairy, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsyl- vania, breeding).—F.ieminea, Auk, xvii, 1901, 44 (Muskoka, ete., n. Ontario, common summer resid. ). Dendreca blackburnizw ScuaTeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 30 (Pallatanga and Nanegal, e. Ecuador; Bogota, Colombia).—Casanis, Journ. fur Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Rica).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 468 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (San José, Atiro, and Barranca, Costa Rica).—BuLakiston, Ibis, 1863, 62 (Severn House, Trout Lake, British Columbia).—Satvin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fé, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Chitra, Calobre, Cordillera del Chucu, and Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua); Ibis, 1872, 314 (Chontales, Nica- ragua).—ScLaTerR and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela); 1879, 494 (Antioquia, Colombia).—Wyartt, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Alto, Colombia).—ALLen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 124, 166, 175 (Kansas; Ogden, Utah).—Cours, Check List, 1873, no. 80; 2d ed., 1882, no. 121; Birds N. W., 1874, 59; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 284.—TaczanowskI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (n. Peru); 1882, 6 (Huambo, n. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, i, 1884, 464.—Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec).—Boucarp, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (Naranjo, Costa Rica, Apr.).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58 (deser. young).—SrepHeEns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 93 (Fort 3654—VvoL 2—01——37% 578 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bayard, New Mexico, May, 1 spec.).—Brown (N. C.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 106 (Portland, Maine, breeding); vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, Ken- dall Co.,s. w. Texas, 1 spec., Mar. 31).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 60.— Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 102.—Satvin and Gopmav, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 183.—BrrLEepscH and TaczaNnowskI, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1884, 286 (Cayandeled, w. Ecuador, Feb.).—Merrram, Auk, ii, 1885, 103 (Lewis Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 288, 646 (Quito, Pasto, and Intaj, Ecuador; Medellin and Bogota, Colombia; Coban, Choctum, and Duefias, Guatemala, etc. ).—TaczANnowskI and Berruepscu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 (Machay, Mapoto, and Bafios, Ecuador, Jan. ). Dendroeca blackburnix SuNDEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 611 (mongr. ).—Satvapori and Frsra, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, no. 357, 1899, 8 (Pun, e. Ecuador, Feb.). Sylvia blackburni Vreritor, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 168. [ Dendreca] blackburnix Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 100.—ScuaTErR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Dendreca blackburnix ? Newron, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 98 (Fred- erickshaab, 1 spec., Oct., 1845). Dendreca blackburnze Cours, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 121. D[endreca] blackburne Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 302. Sylvia parus Witson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 114, pl. 44, fig. 3.—Srernens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 727.—Vte1Liot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 449.—BoNnaPaRrTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 200; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.— Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 392.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 205, pl. 134. Sylvicola parus JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., li, 1832, 209.—BonaparteE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 55; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 40, pl. 88.—Wruuts, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova Scotia). M{niotilta] parus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. Mniotilta parus RerwHarpt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Frederickshaab, Greenland, Oct. 16, 1845). [ Rhimamphus] parus Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 311. Sylvia melanorrhoa Vietttot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 180 (‘‘ Marti- nique’”’); Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 444. M{niotilta] melanorrhoa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. DENDROICA DOMINICA DOMINICA (Linnzus). YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER. | | | ; | | | | | | Adult male.—Forehead (sometimes crown also, especially lateral portions), lores, suborbital region, and greater part of auricular region, black; occiput, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain slate-gray,' the crown also sometimes gray (except laterally), i more or less streaked with black; wings and tail black, with slate-gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with | white, forming two conspicuous bands across wing; two to three outer- most rectrices with inner web extensively white terminally, this on lateral rectrix occupying approximately the terminal half; a broad dn we os 1 Very rarely the back is spotted with black; see Wayne, Auk, vii, 1890, 97. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 579 white superciliary stripe, usually becoming yellow anteriorly (over lores); a crescentic suborbital spot and patch on side of neck (invading median posterior portion of auricular region), white; throat and chest lemon or gamboge yellow, the chin usually more or less white; rest of under parts white, broadly streaked laterally with black, the broad black streaks on sides of chest confluent with a narrow stripe connecting them with the triangular black patch on side of head; bill black; iris brown; legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 114.3-127.2 (121.9); wing, 64.5-68.6 (66.9); tail, 49-53.6 (50.7); exposed culmen, 12.7—15 (13.8); tarsus, 17-18 (17.4); middle toe, 12-13 (12.4).' Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and often not distinguish- able, but usually with less black on forehead, which is more often gray, streaked with black, medially, and yellow of throat and chest averaging slightly paler; length (skins) 118-125.7 (121); wing, 63.2-65.3 (64.6); tail, 46-53 (50); exposed culmen, 12.4-14 (12.9); tarsus, 16.3- 17.5 (16.9); middle toe, 11.5-12.7 (12.2).’ Young male in first autumn.—Similar to the adult male, but gray of upper parts and white of under parts, especially the flanks, tinged with. brown. Young female in first autumn.—Similar to the young male in autumn, but more strongly tinged with brown, both above and below, and streaks on sides and flanks (especially the latter) less distinct, some- times obsolete. Young, jirst plumage.—Ahbove, including entire pileum, plain light grayish brown or deep drab-gray; wings dusky, with light grayish brown edgings (broad and conspicuous on tertials, narrow and grayer on primaries), the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with brownish white; a rather broad supra-auricular stripe, a narrow sub- orbital streak, and space on side of neck brownish white; loral and auricular regions plain deep drab-gray, the latter with a whitish ter- minal or subterminal spot; chin and throat pale drab-gray; chest and 1 Kighteen specimens. ? Hight specimens. A series of twelve specimens collected during the breeding season at and near Cape Charles, Virginia, have on the average longer bills than a series of fourteen taken at various localities east of the Alleghenies (some of them on the coast), the average measurements of the two series being as follows: | a | Ex- : Locality. | Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. | Middle | | /culmen. | Oe: MALES. | Ten adult males from near Cape Charles, Virginia.......... 66.5 50.1 TAS) coe’? 12 Eightadult malesfrom various localities (eastof Alleghenies)! 67.4 51.6 13 17.4 | 12.4 FEMALES. | Two adult females from near Cape Charles, Virginia. ....-- 65 49.5 | 13.5 16.5 11.7 Six adult females from various localities -...--...........-- 64.4 50.1 12.6 17.1 12.3 580 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sides of breast deeper drab-gray, the latter obsoletely streaked with dull white; rest of under parts dull white. Atlantic coast district of United States; north to lower Maryland and eastern shore of Virginia, casually to New York (Long Island), Connecticut (New Haven; Hartford), and Massachusetts (Charles River; Dedham); breeding southward to Florida; in winter to Bahamas (Maranagua, Watlings, Great Bahama, Great Inagua, Abaco, and Berry islands), Cuba (including - ‘Isle of Pines), Grand Caan Jamuica, Haiti, and Porto Rico. [ Motacilla] dominica Lixnxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (based on Le Figuier cendré de S. Domingue, Ficedula dominicensis cinerea, Brisson, Orn., iii, 1760, 520, pl. 27, fig. 3).—Gme.in, Syst. ee i, 1788, 980. [Sylvia] dominica Larnam, Index Orn., , 1790, 538. Sylvia dominica Virittot, Nouy. Dict. a eee Nat., xi, 1817, 223.—SrEPHEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 612. [MJniotilta dominica Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. [ Mniotilta] dominica Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3478. Dendroica dominica Batrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 209, part.—GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 415 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 184 (Porto Rico).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 240, part, pl. 14, fig. 6; ili, 1874, 505 (Wilmington, North Carolina, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—BrEWwERr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1878, 303 (near New Haven and Hartford, Con- necticut, accidental) ; xx, 1879, 265 (Charles R., Massachusetts, accidental ).— AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGIstTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 663.—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 257 (Dedham, Massachusetts, 1 spec.).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, se (West Indian references), 501 (Grand Cayman); ix, 1892, 48 (Bahamas), 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 50; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, 155 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry Islands, New Providence, Watlings I., Maraguna, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, and Porto Rico).—RicuMmonp, Auk, vi, 1889, 339 (near Washington, D. C., July 28 to Sept. 7).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs and Punta Rassa, Florida, breeding; Key West, after July 25), 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Mar. 23 to 29 and Apr. 8; 3 spec. ).—Britey, Auk, vii, 1890, 323 (Raleigh, North Carolina; nesting habits; deser. nest and eggs).—Wayne, Auk, vii, 1890, 97 (black-backed specimen described); xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida, breeding).—Durcrmr, Auk, x, 1893, 277 (Crow Hill, Long Island, 1 spec.).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 222, pl. 13, fig. 1.— Pautmer (W.), Auk, xiii, 1896, 343 (near Mount Vernon, Virginia, breeding). D{endroica] dominica Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 504. Dendreca dominica Cours, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 270; Check List, 1873, no. 88; 2d ed., 1882, no. 129; Birds N. W., 1874, 66, part.—ALLeEn, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., li, 1871, 268 (e. Florida, meee —Maynarp, Birds Florida, 1873, 60.— Gouin: Orn. Cuba, 1876, 67.—BrewstEr, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 102 (Georgia and n. Florida; nesting habits, ete.); ili, 1878, 43.— Merriam, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., iv, 1877, 17 (Connecticut, several records).—Purpre, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 146 (Dedham, Massa- chusetts, 1 spec. ).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 65; Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 27.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 103; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 253 (Arlington, Virginia, Sept.).—SHarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 301, part (Florida; Jamaica). | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 581 [ Dendreca] dominica Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. D{endreca] dominica Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 306. [ Dendroica dominica] var. dominica Ripaway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 18 oy 606.— Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 290, 2 24 [Dendreca dominica . . .] a. dominica Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, ee excl. syn. part. [ Dendreca dominica.] 8. D. dominica Suarre, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 304, 648, in list of specimens. Dendroeca dominica SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico), 611 (monogr. ). Motacilla superciliosa BoppaErt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 43 (based on la Gorge-iaune de St. Domingue Daubenton, Pl. Eni., pl. 686, fig. 1). M [niotilta] superciliosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. Dendroica superciliosa Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 289, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 209, part.—Gunp acu, Journ. ftir. Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba).—Marcn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863,-293 (Jamaica). Dendreca superciliosa Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33, part (Jamaica). [Dendreca] superciliosa ScuateR and Satvix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9, part (Antilles). [ Motacilla] pensilis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 960 vee on la Gorge-jaune de St. Domingue Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 686, fig. 1; Pensile Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop., 11, pt. 2, 1783, 441). Motacilla pensilis Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. [Sylvia] pensilis LarHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 520. Sylvia pensilis VrettLor, Ois. Am. ea li, 1807, 11, pl. 72; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 177; Enc. Méth., i 1823 3, 427.—S?rEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 629.—BoNnaAPaARTE, cee con N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.—Nurrautu, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 18: 2 374.—AvupuBoN, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 434, part, pl. 85.—D’Orpieny, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois, 1839, 65. Sylvicola pensilis RICHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—BoNnAPaARTE, Geog. and Comp. List. 1838, 22.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 53, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 32, part, pl. 79.—Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 156; Ilustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 32.—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vi, 1853, 8 (Long Island, New York).—Sauuk, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo).—BREWER, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba).— ALBRECHT, Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 201 (Jamaica).—Bryanrt, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xi, 1866, 91 (Santo Domingo). [Sylvicola] pensilis BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 307. Rl himanphus] pensilis CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 19. Rhimamphus pensilis GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba); 1861, 408 (do). { Motacilla] flavicollis GmEuin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 959 (based on Yellow-throated Creeper, Parus americanus gutture luteo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 62, pi. 2; Yellow-throated Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop., ii, pt. 2, 437, ete. ). [Sylvia] flavicollis LatHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 518. Sylvia flavicollis Vierituor, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 45; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 191; Ene. Méth., ii, 1828, 453.—Wutson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 64, pl. 12, fig. 6.—SrepHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 679.—BoNaAParreE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 188. Sylvicola flavicollis JARpiNn, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 213. (2?) Dendroica dominica albilora (not of Ridgway ?) Scorr, Auk, x, 1893, 340, 341 (Jamaica). . 582 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. DENDROICA DOMINICA ALBILORA Ridgway. SYCAMORE WARBLER. Similar to 2). d. dominica, bat with much smaller bill, the supercil- iary stripe more rarely yellow anteriorly, and with white areas on inner webs of lateral rectrices averaging decidedly larger. Adult male.—Length (skins), 114.3-123.2 (116.8); wing, 63.5-69.6 (66.5); tail, 48.8-52.6 (50.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 16-17.2 (16.8); middle toe, 11.4-12.4 (11.9).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 106.7-120.6 (115.1); wing, 63-65.5 (63.7); tail, 46.5-49.5 (48); exposed culmen, 10.9-12.2 (11.7); tarsus, 16.3-17 (16.7); middle toe, 11.7-12.2 (11.9).’ Mississippi Valley; north, regularly, to eastern Kansas (Neosho Falls), central Illinois, Indiana (north to Carroll County), Ohio (Columbus), and West Virginia (Kanawha County), irregularly to southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan (Detroit), and northern Ohio (Cleveland; Rockport); breeding southward to Louisiana and eastern Texas. In winter southward through Mexico (both coasts) to Yucatan (including Cozumel, Mugeres, and Holbox islands), British Honduras (Belize), Honduras (Truxillo; Ruatan Island), and eastern Nicaragua (Greytown). Occasional during migration in South Carolina (also in Georgia and Florida‘). Sylvia flavicollis (not Motacilla flavicollis Gmelin) Swarnson, Philos. Mag., n. s., 1, 1827, 484 (Vera Cruz, Mexico). Sylvicola flavicollis Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 310 (Wisconsin). Sylvicola pensilis (not Motacilla pensilis Gmelin) Reap, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 18538, 398 (Ohio). Sylvia pensilis (not of Latham) AupusBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 434, part.—Hay- MOND, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1856, 200 (Franklin Co., Indiana). Rhimamphus pensilis (not of Gundlach) SciarEer, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Mexico). Sylvicola pensilis AupuBoN, Synopsis, 1839, 53 part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 32, part. Sylvicola pensillis PRatren, Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc., i, 1855, 601 (Illinois). Dendroica pensilis ScLaATER, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 295 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). Dendroica superciliosa (not Motacilla superciliosa Boddaert) Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 289, part (Rockport, Ohio; Union Co., Illinois; Tamaulipas, Mexico); Rep. U. 8S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Tamaulipas); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 209, part. —Scuarter, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 374 (Oaxaca, Mexico).—Haymonp, Geol. Surv. Indiana, 1869, 217 (Indiana, common).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Neosho Falls, s. e. Kansas, breeding). Dendreca superciliosa ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz); 1862, 368 (Jalapa) ; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33, part (Rockport, Ohio).— ScuaTer and Satyr, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Duefias, Guatemala, Sept.).—DREssER, Ibis, 1865, 478 (Brownsville, Texas, Dec.; San Antonio, migr.). [Dendreca] superciliosa SctateR and Satyin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part (Mexico; Guatemala). 1 Ten specimens. 2 Seven specimens. Hee Aa BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 583 Dendroica dominica (not Motacilla dominica Linnzeus) Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 209, part (Cleveland, Ohio; Cairo, Illinois; Tamaulipas and near Colima, Mexico; Duenas, Guatemala).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, after Aug. 10).—Jorpan, Am. Nat., ix, 1875, 313 (Indiana).—(?) Currrig, Auk, ix, 1892, 21 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Oct. 4, 18911). Dendreca dominica LAwRENcE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yuca- tan); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Tepic, Colima, and Rio de la Coahuayana, w. Mexico).—Scorr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 222 (Kanawha Co., West Virginia).—Covrs, Birds N. W., 1874, 66, part, 233 (Columbus, Ohio, common).—Lanepon, Birds Cine., 1877, 6 (near Cincin- nati, Ohio, common Apr. 15 to 30).—Sarvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 154, part (Totonicapam and Choctum, Guatemala; Valladolid, Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras, etc.).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 301, part.—Saxvin, Ibis, 1888, 250 (Holbox, Mugeres, and Cozumel islands, coast of Yucatan; Ruatan Island, Honduras; crit.). [ Dendreca] dominica Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103, part. Dendroica dominica, var. albilora Baird, Rrpaway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 605 (Belize, British Honduras; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 (Illinois).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pl. 14, fig. 7; iii, 1874, 505. Dendreeca dominica . . . var. albilora Cours, Check List, 1873, 125, no. 88a. Dendreca dominica var. albilora LAWRENCE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Gineta Mts., Chiapas, Jan.).—Lanapon, Birds Cine., 1877, 6 (near Cincin- nati, Ohio). [ Dendroica dominica] var. albilora Baird, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220, 241, in text. D{endreca| dominica var. albilora Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99 (n. e. Illinois; Indianapolis, Indiana; Detroit, Michigan); ix, 1877, 35 (Mount Carmel, Illinois, very abundant Aug. 30 to Sept. 2). Dendreca dominica albilora Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, Oct., 1878, 163 (Mount Carmel, Illinois); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 172, 216; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, 103a.—Sennerr, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 13 (Brownsville, Texas, Mar. 26).—Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, s. w. Texas).—Covrs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 130.—NEuHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 9 (s. e. Texas, breeding). D{endreca] d[ominica] albilora Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 306. [ Dendreca dominica] b. albilora Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 248. Dendroica dominica albilora Ripaway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan; erit.); x, 1888, 579 (Truxillo, Honduras); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 19 (Knox Co., Indiana); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 150.— AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 663a.—Loomis, Auk, iii, 1886, 139 (Chester Co., South Carolina, 1 spee., May 7); vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding); viii, 1891, 171 (Chester Co., South Carolina, com. migr.).—Burtier, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 35 (Franklin Co., Indiana, common summer resid. ).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 252 (Mississippi Valley localities and dates).—Evermann, Auk, vi, 1889, 27 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breeding).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Key West, Florida, 1 spec., Mar. 27), 313 (Garden Key, Tortugas, 6 spec. ); (?) x, 1893, 340, 341 (Jamaica?).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 564 (e. Kansas, summer resid. ).—Smira (R.W.), Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., 1891, 123 (War- ren Co., Ohio, common in Apr.).—RicuMmonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Greytown, Nicaragua, Feb. 12).—Jouy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ‘Specimen merely seen, and may have been D. graciz decora. ? Doubtful. 584 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. xvi, 1894, 777 (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Sept. 4).—U trey and Wauuacer, Proc. Ind. Ac. Soe., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, migratory).—Bryer, Proc. Loui- siana Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 113 (Louisiana, breeding). D{endroica] dominica albilora Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 504.—Woop (J.C.), Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Detroit, Michigan, breeding). [ Dendreca dominica] a. D. albilora SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 304, 648 (Mazatlan; Progreso, n. Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras, etc.). DENDRIOCA GRACIZ GRACIZ Baird. GRACE’S WARBLER. Resembling ). dominica, but much smaller, with superciliary stripe mostly yellow, sides of neck gray instead of white, no black patch on side of head, and back streaked with black. Adult male in spring and summer.—Ahove slate-gray, the crown and back streaked with black (sides of crown sometimes uniformly black); wings and tail dusky with slate-gray edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly, the greater coverts more narrowly, tipped with white, forming two distinct wing-bands; two outermost rectrices with inner webs extensively white terminally (the white occupying more than terminal half on outermost rectrix, which also has the outer web largely white), the third rectrix also usually with a white terminal or subterminal elongated patch; a superciliary stripe of yellow, passing into white beyond eye; a broad dusky loral streak and a narrow dusky rictal streak; auricular region and sides of neck plain slate-gray; sub- orbital spot, malar region, chin, throat, and chest lemon yellow; remain- ing under parts white, with sides of chest and breast, sides, and flanks streaked with black; bill black, the mandible more brownish basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown (in dried skins). Adult(?) male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer plumage, but gray of upper parts slightly tinged with brown, especially on back, where the black streaks are more or less concealed; white of under parts tinged with pale brownish buffy, especially on flanks. Young male in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the supposed adult male of corresponding season, but upper parts more strongly tinged with brown, with black streaks on back entirely concealed, and flanks more strongly tinged with brownish buff. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the adult male of corresponding season, but duller inolor; gray of upper parts strongly tinged with brown, the black streaks on back indistinct (sometimes obsolete); white wing-bands narrower; yellow of superciliary stripe, throat, etc., paler; white of under parts rather duller, and blackish streaks on sides, etc., less distinct. Adult (?) female in autumn and winter.—Gray of upper parts over- laid by a wash of olive-brownish, the black streaks on back very nar- * a BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 585 row and concealed, or obsolete; white of under parts strongly buffy, the sides and flanks strongly tinged with buffy brown; white wing- bands tinged with brownish buff. Young female in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the supposed adult female of corresponding season, but still duller colored; darker streaks on forehead and crown very indistinct, those on back obsolete; yellow of throat, etc., duiler, and streaks on sides and flanks obsolete. Young male, first plumage.—Above plain grayish hair brown or drab-gray, the feathers ash gray beneath the surface; sides of head similar but rather paler; malar region, chin, and throat pale brownish gray, minutely and sparsely flecked with darker, the chest similar, but with rather large roundish spots of dusky; rest of under parts dull white streaked or spotted with dusky gray medially, dull grayish laterally. Adult male.—Length (skins), 110-117 (113.2); wing, 64-66 (65.1); tail, 47-50 (48.4); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.5); tarsus, 17-18 (17.2); middle toe, 10-12 (10.5).' Adult female.—Length (skins), 113-115 (114); wing, 60-62 (61); tail, 46-47 (46.7); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 17; middle toe, 9-12 (10.7).” Southwestern United States and adjacent parts of northwestern Mexico; northward through mountains of New Mexico and Arizona to southern Colorado (San Juan County); breeding southward to Chi- huahua (Colonia Garcia) and Sonora (30 miles poith of Nogales); dur- ing migration south to Tepic (Santa Teresa, August 11) and Jalisco (Bolafios, September 17); casual in southern California (Santa Paula, Ventura County, one specimen, May 3). Dendroica gracix Bairpd, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 210 (Fort Whipple, Ari- zona; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.; ex ‘‘Coues MSS.’’).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 563 (Fort Whipple).—Batirp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 243, pl. 14, fig. 10.—Hernsuaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 197 (Inscription Rock, New Mexico; White Mts. and Camp Apache, Arizona).— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 664.—EVERMANN, Auk, ili, 1886, 185 (Santa Paula, Ventura Co., California, 1 spec., May 3, 1881).—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 34 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, breeding).— Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Clarks Valley, Arizona, in pine belt).—Lapp, Auk, viii, 1891, 315 (Yavapai Co., Arizona; descr. nest and eggs).—Jouy, Proc US: Nat Mus., xvi, 1893, 777 (32 miles s. of Nogales, Sonora, June 17).—NerHRLING, Our Nano Birds, ete., i, 1893, 224.—MircHeti, Auk, xv, 1898, 310 (San Miguel Co., New Mexico, breeding at 8,500 ft. ). D{endroica] gracie Ripaway, Man. N. Am Birds, 1887, 506. [Dendroica gracie] var. gracie Ripaway, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 608.—Barrp, BREWER, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220, 244. Dendreeca gracize Cours, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 67 (Fort Whipple); Check List, 1873, no. 87; 2d ed., 1882. no. 128; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292 (excl. syn. under ‘‘b. decora’’).—(7) Lawrencer, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Zapotitlan, Oaxaca, Jan.)—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 72 (Caste ah Mts., han a —Drew, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1 Seven specimens. 2 Four specimens. 586 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1881, 142 (San Juan Co., Colorado, in pines up to 7,500 ft.).—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 104.—Hensnaw, Auk, ii, 1885, 331 (upper Pecos R., New Mexico, fall migrant).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 304, 648. [ Dendreca] gracie Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103.—Sciarer and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9. D{[endreca] gracie Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 306. Dendrxca gracie Exxior, Ilustr. Unfig Birds N. Am., i, 1869, pl. 6. Dendroeca gracie SUNDEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Akad. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 611 (monogr. ). [ Mniotilta] gracie Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3489.—GiEBEL, Thesaurus Orn., 1875, 603. [ Dendreca gracix] a. gracie Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292. DENDROICA GRACIA DECORA Ridgway. DECORATED WARBLER, Similar to D. g. gracte, but smaller; yellow superciliary stripe shorter, without whitish posterior extremity; yellow ot throat and chest extending further backward, covering upper chest.’ Adult male.—Length (skins), 106-117 (111.5); wing, 55-62 (57); tail, 48-47 (45); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.7); tarsus, 16-18 (17); middle toe, 10.” State of Oaxaca* (Zapotitlan; mountains near Santo Domingo, June 18) and Chiapas* (mountains near Tonala, August 15) southern Mexico; Guatemala (Toyabai-Guitché, May 19); British Honduras (Belize); Honduras (Rio Segovia, July 17). Dendreca gracie (not of Baird) Satvin, Ibis, 1873, 428 (Guatemala). [ Dendreca] gracie ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9 (Honduras). Dendroica gracix, var. decora Ripaway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 608 (Belize, British Honduras; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ili, 1874, 505. [ Dendroica gracix] var. decora BatrD, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220, 244. [ Dendreca gracix] b. decora Coves, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 292. 1 Except in specimens, doubtfully referred to this form, from States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, southern Mexico. * Three specimens, one of them (from Oaxaca) not sexed and possibly not a male. These three specimens measure, respectively, as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. ee a. Midge culmen. One adult male (type) from Belize, British Honduras ....-. 59 43 10 17 10 One adult male from Guatemala (Toyabai-Guitché).......- 62 47 9 18 10 One adult (male?) from Oaxaca (mountains near Santo Domingo) jo. -s ance eee ce eee tes ast ae eas aeises eee 55 46 10 16 10 *J am doubtful whether or not specimens from Oaxaca and Chiapas are properly referred to this form, the two specimens examined having the yellow of under parts restricted to the throat and chest, as in D. g. graciz. eS BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 587 Dendreca decora Satvrn, Cat. Strickland Coll., 1882, 92 (Guatemala).—SaLvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 136, pl. 10, fig. 1.—SHaRps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 305. Dendroica graciz decora Goopr, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 20, 1883, 318. D{endroica] decora Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 506. Dendroica decora Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras) .—NeE.son, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (Tonala, Chiapas; Santo Domingo, Oaxaca). DENDROICA ADELAID£ Baird. ADELAIDE’S WARBLER, Much like D. graciw decora, but back and sides without black streaks and yellow of under parts extending over abdomen to anal region; wing and tail shorter. Adult male.—Above plain slate-gray, the forehead and crown nar- rowly streaked with black and margined along each side by a narrow black stripe; wings and tail dull black or dusky with slate-gray edg- ings (paler on remiges, where nearly white terminally); middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct bands, of which the posterior one is narrower, the white confined to outer webs, and not extending to the innermost coverts; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, the white occu- pying about the terminal half on lateral rectrix; a broad superciliary stripe of yellow, scarcely extending beyond eye, the posterior extremity narrow and whitish; a yellow suborbital spot, separated from the yel- low supraloral stripe by a loral streak of black or dusky gray: auricu- lar region and sides of neck plain gray; a spot of black on sides of neck (between gray of sides of neck and yellow of lower throat), with an indistinct whitish space immediately in front of it; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast lemon yellow, passing into paler yellow on abdomen and this into white on under tail-coverts, the sides and flanks tinged with olive, but not streaked; under wing-coverts white; bill blackish, with paler tomia; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 97-100 (98.3); wing, 49-51 (50); tail, 41-44 (42.3); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus 17-19 (18.6); middle toe, 9-10 (9.6).” Young, first plumage.—Above plain brownish gray, strongly washed with brown on back; no black on forehead nor crown; a narrow super- ciliary streak (scarcely passing beyond eye), suborbital spot, chin, throat, and chest pale primrose yellow or yellowish white, the remain- ing under parts yellowish white; chest and sides of breast spotted with grayish dusky; wings and tail as in adult, but edgings more brownish or olive-gray and wing-bands narrower and less purely white. Island of Porto Rico, Greater Antilles. 1Dated 1882, but cited in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1881, as above. ? Three specimens. 588 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dendroica adelaide Batrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 212 (Porto Rico; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).—Cory, Auk, ii, 1886, 37; Birds W.I., 1889, 51; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 132. Dendroeca adelaide SuNpEVALL, Ofy. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stoeckh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico), 615 (monogr. ). [ Dendreca] adelaide ScuaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part.—CovEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text. Dendreca adelaide GunpuiacH, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 185 (Porto Rico).—Covugs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 293, footnote. —Cory, Birds W. I., 1885, 8.—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 306. D{endreca] adelaide Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 1888, 526 (diagnosis). [ Dendroica graciz] var. adelaide Ripaway, Am. Nat., vii, Oct., 1873, 608; in Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 220. Sylvicola adelaide Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., x, 1866, 250 (Porto Rico). DENDROICA DELICATA Ridgway. SANTA LUCIA WARBLER. Adult male.—Similar to ). adelaide, but wing and tail much longer; yellow superciliary stripe much broader, occupying whole forehead except a median line of black; sides of crown more broadly black; gray of upper parts deeper, more plumbeous; yellow of superciliary stripe and under parts much deeper (rich lemon, scarcely if at all paler on abdomen); white on inner webs of lateral rectrices relatively less extended, that on lateral rectrix occupying less than terminal half; length (skins), 105-120 (114.2); wing, 54-57 (56); tail, 49-54 (51); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.1); tarsus, 17-20 (18.2); middle toe, 10." Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but coloration not quite so deep, especially the yellow, which is exactly as in the adult male of D. adelaide, though much brighter on the abdomen than in that species; black on sides of crown much narrower; white wing-bands narrower, especially that across tips of greater coverts; length (skin), 113; wing, 55; tail, 48; exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 18; middle toe, 10.” Young, after jirst molt.—Essentially like adults, but the gray of upper parts strongly washed with brown, without any black on sides of crown or center of forehead, and yellow of under parts, etc., less pure. Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. Dendreca adelaide (not of Baird) Sciarer, Proc. Zool., 1871, 269 (Santa Lucia; crit.).—SempPer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 649 (Santa Lucia.).—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia). [ Dendreca] adelaide ScuateR and Saty1n, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. Dendreca adelaide delicata Rripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, Mar. 21, 1883, 525 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). [ Dendroica] adelaide delicata Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Dendroica adelaide delicata Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 37; Birds W. I., 1889, 51; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 155. D{endreca] delicata Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 526. Dendroica delicata Rripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xii, 1889, 129. Dendreca delicata SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 306.—Sciaver, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, 395. Five specimens. * One specimen. ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 589 DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA (Linnzus). CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER, Adult male.:—Forehead and crown olive-yellow, the former becom- ing whitish anteriorly, both sometimes flecked with dusky; lores, sub- orbital region, malar region, postocular stripe, occiput, and hindneck black, the last two streaked with white, grayish, or yellowish, the occi- put usually with a central spot of white or yellowish; auricular region, sides of neck, chin, throat, and under parts white, relieved by a broad lateral stripe of rich chestnut, extending from posterior extremity of black malar stripe along the sides, usually to the flanks, but sometimes not beyond sides of breast; back and scapulars broadly streaked with black on a white, grayish, and olive-yellow ground, the last-mentioned color usually prevailing; rump usually yellowish olive-green, some- times grayish, with or without black streaks; upper tail-coverts black, broadly margined with light gray (sometimes tinged with yellowish _ olive-green); tail black with narrow olive-grayish edgings, the three outermost rectrices with inner webs extensively white terminally, that on the exterior rectrix occupying the terminal half, or more; wings black with yellowish olive-green edgings (becoming grayish on prima- ries and primary coverts), the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped, the latter also edged, with sulphur yellow; lesser coverts mar- gined with gray or olive-gray; bill blackish, the mandible inclining to dusky horn color, especially basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown; length (skins), 111.8-121.9 (115.7); wing, 61.2-67.1 (63.3); tail, 48.5-52.6 (50.1); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 (9.6); tarsus, 17—-18.3 (17.8); middle toe, 10.2-10.9 (10.6).” Adult female.—Similar to adult male, but duller in color, the fore- head and crown light olive-green rather than olive-yellow, the black areas on sides of head less deep black, often much broken by grayish streaking or mottling, sometimes replaced by grayish and much more restricted; chestnut of sides averaging less extensive; greater wing- coverts without yellow edgings;’ length (skins), 106.7—-116.8 (111.8); wing, 57.9-61.5 (59.3); tail, 45-48.5 (46.7); exposed culmen, 9.1-9.9 (9.5); tarsus, 17-18 (17.6); middle toe, 9.6—-10.4 (10.3).* Young in first autumn and winter.—Above plain bright olive-green, the back and rump with concealed, or mostly concealed, black or 1 Judging from the scant material from Central America, the plumage appears to be the same in winter as in spring and summer; specimens examined are without dates, however. * Seven specimens. *The adult female varies so much, individually, in coloration that a satisfactory diagnosis is difficult. The brighter colored females are scarcely, if at all, distin- guishable from duller colored males; the average, however, are decidedly duller, while some have the crown olive-green, the black head markings obsolete, and the chest- nut of sides limited to a few isolated touches. 590 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. dusky streaks; sides of head and neck plain cinereous or plumbeous, relieved by a white orbital ring; under parts white medially passing into light olive-gray laterally, the flanks sometimes touched with chestnut; wings, tail, and upper tail-coverts as in adults. Young in first plumage.—Above plain light olive, the wings and tail essentially as in adults; an indistinct whitish orbital ring; sides of head and neck, chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast plain pale buffy grayish or drab; rest of under parts white, the sides and flanks tinged with pale grayish brown. Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces; north to Nova Scotia, northern Ontario, and Manitoba; west to edge of the Great Plains, casually to eastern Wyoming (Cheyenne); breeding south- ward to Connecticut, northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Butler, _ Armstrong, Indiana, Clearfield, Elk, and Luzerne counties), northern Ohio, central Illinois, Missouri (St. Louis County), and eastern Nebraska (near Omaha), and along Allegheny Mountains to western North Caro- lina (2,000 to 4,000 feet), northwestern South Carolina (Pickens County, etc.), and eastern Tennessee (Roan Mountain, 3,500 to 4,000 feet). In | winter south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Isthmus — of Panama (Lion Hill Station, Panama Railroad) and to Bahamas (island of New Providence). Accidental in Greenland. [ Motacilla] pensylvanica Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 333 (based on The Red-throated Flycatcher, Muscicapa gutture rubro, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. PUstslel 9S epee s010): [Sylvia] pensylvanica LatHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 540. Dendroica pensyluanica PARKER, Am. Nat., vy, 1871, 168.—SrarK, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 756 (West Virginia, breeding).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNton, Check List, 1886, no. 659.—Ra.pn, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc., iii, 1886, 139 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).—Brewsrrer, Auk, ili, 1886, 174 (moun- tains w. North Carolina, breeding at 2,000 to 4,000 ft.).—Cooxs, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 249 (breeding south to Iowa and central Illinois; dates of migration, etc.).—Bonp, Auk, vi, 1889, 34 (Cheyenne, Wyoming, 1 spec., May 23).—Loomis, Auk, vii, 1890, 127 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breed- ing); vill, 1891, 381 (Caesars Head, South Carolina, breeding).—CHERRIE, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San Jose, Costa Rica, Sept. 28 to Apr. 24.)—THompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 619 (Manitoba, breeding ).—Hacrrup, Auk, vili, 1891, 320 (Greenland).—Topp, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Butler and Arm- strong counties, Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 41, 45 (Indiana and Clear- field counties, Pennsylvania, breeding).—Gautt, Auk, ix, 1892, 396 (near St. Louis, Missouri, breeding).—Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New Providence, Bahamas).—Wuitr, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac I., Michigan, breeding ).—NeEnHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 213, pl. 12, fig. 5.— Ricumonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. 29 to Feb. 16).—Sronrn, Auk, xi, 1894, 182 (Pocono Mts., Pennsyl- vania, breeding).—McItwrairn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 366 (common summer resid. ).—Ruoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 495 (Roan Mt., e. Ten- nessee, breeding at 3,500 to 4,000 ft.).—OBrRHoLsER, Bull. Ohio Agric. Ex. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 326 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, July 9 to 16.— Youne, Auk, xiii, 1896, 284 (Delano, Harveys Lake, ete., Pennsylvania, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 591 breeding).—Batry, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breed- ing).—Coxvin, Auk, xv, 1898, 59 (near Osawatomie, e. Kansas, Oct. 12).— Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).—FLEem- rng, Auk, xviii, 1901, 43 (Muskoka, etc., n. Ontario, abundant summer resid. ). D{endroica] pensylvanica Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 500. Dendreca pensylvanica Rripaway, Am. Nat., vii, 1878, 199 (Fox Prairie, Richland Co., Illinois, June).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Carlos, Costa Rica, Feb.). [ Motacilla] pensilvanica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 971. Sylvia pennsylvanica Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 99, pl. 14, fig. 5.—BoNAPARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 189. M[niotilta] pennsylvanica Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilia] pennsylvanica Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3485. Dendroica pennsylvanica Barry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 279; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 200; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 191 (Teleman, Vera Paz, Guatemala).—Haypen, Rep. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., xii, 1862, 161 (Platte R., Nebraska).—FRanrztus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Costa Rica).—TripPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 235 (Mahaska Co., s. lowa, breeding ).—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripeaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 245, pl. 13, figs. 7, 8. Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 489 (New England, summer resid. ).—Puatt, Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc., ii, 1885-86, 49 (Meriden, Con- necticut, rare summer resid. ).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (Bahamas, winter) ; Birds W. I., 1889, 49 (W. I. references).—Ripaway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 145.—Cuerrig, Auk, viii, 1891, 278 (San José, Costa Rica; remarks on plum- age).—Stone&, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsyl- vania, biéeding).—Bruner, Proc. Nebraska Orn. Union, 2d. an. meet., 1901, 57 (breeding near Omaha, Nebraska). D{[endroica] pennsylvanica Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 500. Dendreca pennsylvanica Savin and Scuiarer, Ibis, 1860, 273 (Coban, Guate- mala).—Sc LATER and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama, R. R.); 1870, 836 (coast Honduras).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Lion Hill, Panama, R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (Grecia and Bar- ranca, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).—Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31.—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fe, Vera- gua); 1870, 182 (Chitra and Calovevora, Veragua; Volcan de Chiriqui).— Au.eN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Mar.); iii, 1872, 124 (Kansas).—Cougs, Check List, 1873, no. 83; 2d ed., 1882, no. 124; Birds N. W., 1874, 62; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 244.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 59 (deser. young).—Bovucarp, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, . 52 (Costa Rica).—Rarusun, Rev. List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 12 (common summer resid. ).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 62.—SaLvrin and GopMaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 131.—-Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 99.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 285, 645 (Panama; Veragua; Jalapa; Coban, Choctum, and Duefias, Guatemala; Angostura and Irazu district, Costa Rica, ete. ). [ Dendreca] pennsylvanica Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 102.—ScuatTer and SAt- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. D{endreca] pennsylvanica Newson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 99, 152 (n. e. Illi- nois, breeding) .—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 304. [ Motacilla] icterocephala Lrxn mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (based on Figuier a@ teste jaune de Canada, Ficedula canadensis icterocephalos, Brisson, Orn., iii, 517, pl. 27, fig. 2).—GmMELIn, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 980. [Sylvia] icterocephala LatHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 538. 592 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sylvia icterocephala Viniio0t, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 31, pl. 90; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 228; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 441.—SrepHeEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 622.—BonaPaRrteE, Ann. ine c. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.—Aupugon, Orn. Biog., i, 1832, 306, pl. 59.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 380. Sylvicola icterocephala J ARDINE, he Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 248.—RIcHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bonaparte. Geog. and Comp. List 1838 22.—AuDUBON, Synopsis, oe 54; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 35, pl 81 — Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia); vii, 1859 110 (Bahamas ).—ALBRECHT, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 153 (Bahamas). [Sylvicola] icterocephala BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 308. Dendreca icterocephala ScuaTEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa).—CaBa- Nis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 328 (Costa Rica) . Dendroeca icterocephala SuNDEVALL, Ofv.k. Vet.-Akad. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 612 (monogr. ). Dendroica icterocephala ScuaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 374 (Oaxaca, Apr. ). [ Mniotilta] icterocephala GieBEL, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 603. DENDROICA CASTANEA (Wilson). BAY-BREASTED WARBLER, Adult male (summer and winter).—Forehead, sides of crown and occiput, auricular region, suborbital region, lores, and malar region black, the auricular region usually more or less streaked with whitish or pale buffy; crown and occiput (except laterally) rich chestnut; sides of neck plain buff; back and scapulars gray, usually more or less tinged (sometimes strongly) with buffy olive, and broadly streaked with black; rump similar, but with streaks obsolete or concealed; upper tail-coverts gray, ae more or less distinct mesial streaks of blackish; tail grayish black or dusky with light-gray edgings, the inner webs of two or three outermost rectrices with a terminal patch of white, that on exterior rectrix occupying the terminal third or more; wings grayish black or dusky with light olive-gray or olive edgings, the quale and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands across wing; throat (sometimes chin also’ ) chest, sides, and flanks plain light chestnut; rest of under parts plain pale buff or buffy white, the under tail-coverts more decidedly buffy; maxilla dark brown or brownish black, mandible more brownish; iris brown; legs and feet dusky ee (in dried skins); length (skins), 119.4-130.8 (125); wing, 71.6—-76.2 (73.4); tail, 51.8-56.4 (538.1); exposed culmen, 9.9-10.9 (10.4); ae 17.5-20.3 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.9 Gaga) Adult female (summer and winter). —Essentially similar to the male except in extent of the chestnut, which is often almost entirely absent, and never so strongly marked; whole pileum usually distinctly streaked with black on a gray, olive, or olive-green ground, the crown and 1The chin, or at least its anterior margin, is usually dusky, sometimes whitish. * Eight specimens. ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 598 occiput usually more or less intermixed with chestnut, sometimes with a considerable patch of that color; chestnut of under parts sometimes wholly absent, but usually the area so colored in the male more or less distinctly indicated, especially across chest and along sides; forehead und sides of head never (4) black;' length (skins), 113-123.2 (118.9); wing, 67.8-73.9 (69.6); tail, 48-52.8 (50); exposed culmen, 9.4-9.9 (9.6); tarsus, 17.8-19.3 (18.3); middle toe, 10.4-11.7 (10.9).” Young in first autumn and winter.—Pileum, hindneck, back, and scapulars dull yellowish olive-green,- usually indistinctly (rarely dis- tinctly) streaked with black, often without streaks; rump and upper tail-coverts more grayish than back, with or without streaks; wings and tail as in adults, but white wing-bands usually tinged, more or less, with olive-yellowish; sides of head and neck mostly yellowish olive or dull olive-vellow, relieved by a dusky grayish loral and post- ocular streak, the eyelids white or pale yellowish; under parts pale buff or buffy whitish, more decidedly whitish on throat and abdomen, more strongly buff on flanks and under tail-coverts, the former usually tinged (sometimes strongly) with chestnut. Young female, first plumage.—**Remiges, rectrices, primary coverts, and alule as in adult. Pileum, nape, and rump dull brown; back dull olive-green; upper tail-coverts slaty-black. Entire under parts creamy-white, with the slightest possible tinge of clay-color, varying to ashy on the breast No trace of chestnut on the flanks. Sides of head buff, strongly tinged with greenish on the auriculars and maxil- lary line. Each feather of the body, both above and beneath, with a large terminal spot of black; the posterior half of abdomen, anal region, and crissum are, however, immaculate. In my collection, from Upton, Me., August 9, 1873.”° Eastern United States and British Provinces; north to Hudson Bay (Moose Factory, Hamilton Inlet, ete.) and Manitoba (Portage la 1 Usually the adult female has the back more narrowly streaked than the adult male; sometimes the streaks, both on back and pileum, are nearly obsolete. 2 Hight specimens. 3 Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58-59. Mr. Brewster adds that ‘‘a very complete suite of specimens, taken late in August and early in September, illustrates well the development of the plumage of the young of this species. The spotted feathers of the under parts, with the exception of a narrow line down the center of the breast, are the first to disappear, and simultaneously with their removal, the chestnut flank-patches become apparent. Next the pileum and nape take on the autumnal green, and last of all the feathers of the back and central line beneath are changed. Adults of this species in fall dress are indistinguishable from the young, except by the more pronounced chestnut on the sides.’? While admitting the possi- bility that adults assume a different plumage in winter, I would say that adult males in the National Museum collection from Guatemala and Colombia (Bogota), pre- sumably taken in winter, are in coloration exactly like spring and summer speci- mens from the United States. 3654—voL 2—01 -38 594 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Prairie); west to edge the Great Plains; breeding southward to north- ern Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, and northern Michi- gan (Mackinac Island). In winter southward through eastern Mexico and Central America! to Colombia (numerous localities and records). No West Indian record. Sylvia castanea Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 97, pl. 14, fig. 4 (e. Pennsylvania; coll. Peale Museum ).—SrrepHENs, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 714.—Vu1e1L1o7, onc. Méth., ii, 1823} 452.—Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 80.—Nurtratt, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 382.—AupuBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 358, pl. 69. Sylvicola castanea RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—BoNnaPaRTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 53; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 34, pl. 80.—Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin); Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1864 (1865), 488 (Missouri). [Sylvicola] castanea BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 308. M{niotilta] castanea Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] castanea Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3483. R{himanphus] castaneus CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 19 (Mexico). Dendroica castanea Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 276; Cat. N. Am. 3irds, 1859, no. 197; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 189 (Turbo, Rio Truando, and Panama, Colombia).—Scriarer and Sarvry, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).— Casstn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 193 (Rio Truando and Turbo, Colombia).—BreEwer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 192 (remarkable abundance in e. Massachusetts and s. Wisconsin in spring of 1872); xvii, 1875, 4389 (n. New England, breeding).—Bairp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 251, pl. 13, figs. 4, 5.—Turner, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 237 (Moose Factory and Hamilton Inlet, Hudson Bay).— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unrton, Check List, 1886, no. 660.—Cooxker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 250 (Nebraska, etc.; breeding at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba; dates, ete.).—Ripaway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 146.—THompson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 619 (Manitoba, breeding).—Loomis, Auk, x, 1893, 155 (remarks on coloration).—Wuutrs, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac I., Michigan, rare sum. resid. ),—Nrnrirxa, Our Native Birds, ete., 1, 1893, 215, pl. 12, fig. 4. —McItwrarrn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 367 (Listowell, Ontario, breeding).—ALLEN, Auk, xvii, 1900, 367 (Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia, Oct-27): D{endroica] castanea Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 501. Dendreca castanea LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.).— Sciater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31.—Sciarer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.); 1879, 494 (Remedios, Antioquia, Colom- bia).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Naranjo, Colombia).—Maynarp, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xiv, 1871, 10 (breeding habits). —Brewen, Ibis, 1872, 334 (migra- tions).—Coves, Check List, 1873, no. 82; 2d ed., 1882, no. 123; Birds N. W., 1874, 61; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 243.—Lawrence, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec City, Oct. ).—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 58 (descr. young).—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 100.— Satvry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 132.—Nenrine, Bull. 1 Mexican and Central American records for this species are singularly few, only the State of Oaxaca (Tehuantepec City) and Guatemala being represented, so far as I have been able to discover. Its line of migration would therefore appear to be chiefly across the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to Colombia. “i . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 595 Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1882, 9 (s. e. Texas).—-SHArpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 320, 650 (Bucaramanga, Remedios, and Medellin, Colombia; Panama and Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; Veragua). Denes castanea Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 101.—Scuarer and SAtvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. D{endreca] castanea Cours, Key Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 304. Dendroeca castanea SUNDEVALL, a k.. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 614 (monogr. ). Sylvia autumnalis Witson, Am. Orn., ili, 1811, 65, pl. 28, fig. 3.—STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 632. eon Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 448.— Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 195; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., 11 1826, 84.—Nutraui, Man. Orn. U. Sand Can., i, 1832, 390.—AvupDUBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 447, pl. 88. DENDROICA STRIATA (Forster). BLACK-POLL WARBLER. Adult male in spring and summer.—Entire pileum uniform black; hindneck streaked with black and white, in varying relative propor- tion; back and scapulars broadly streaked with black on a gray, pale olive, or (more rarely) wooa brown ground; rump and upper tail- coverts similar but less distinctly streaked, often (especially the rump) without streaks; tail dusky, with light gray edgings, the inner webs of two or three outermost rectrices with a subterminal patch of white (largest on the lateral rectrix); wings dusky with light olive edgings (more yellowish olive on primaries), the middle and greater coverts broadly tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bands; sides of head white, including lower eyelid, suborbital region, auricular region, and malar region; sides of neck streaked with black and white; under parts white, broadly streaked laterally with black, the black streaks on sides of throat coalesced into two stripes converging and usually united on chin, forming a conspicuous V-shaped mark; under tail- coverts immaculate pure white; maxilla dusky with paler tomia; mandible horn brownish, paler basally; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (yellowish in life?); length (skins), 118- 140 (125.8); wing, 71.4-77.6 (74.2); tail, 48.6-54 (51.3); tarsus, 18.4- 20.4 (19.1); middle toe, 10.8-13 (12).* Adult female in spring and summer.—Above varying from olive- green to gray, streaked, more or less broadly, with blackish, the streaks Geely more or less obsolete on rump; wings and tail as in adult male, but white wing-bands tinged with yellow (except in speci- mens haying a gray upper surface); under parts varying from white to pale olive-yellow (with all intermediate conditions—the under tail- coverts always white), more or less distinctly streaked laterally with black or dusky, the streaks usually most distinct on sides of throat ' Twenty-five specimens, 596 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and breast; length (skins), 115-127 (120.1); wing, 69-75 (71.5); tail, 45-51 (48.4); exposed culmen, 9-11 (10); tarsus, 18-20 (19.1); middle toe, 10.5-12 (11.5).’ Adult male in autumn and winter.’ VN ery different from the summer plumage. Above dull olive-green, passing gradually into dull gray on upper tail-coverts; back and scapulars (sometimes also pileum, rump, or upper tail-coverts) narrowly streaked with black; wings and tail as in summer plumage, but white wing-bands usually tinged with yellow; a narrow and indistinct superciliary streak of pale olive- yellowish, the upper eyelid whitish; auricular region and sides of neck olive or dull olive-greenish, like general color of upper parts; malar region, chin, throat, chest, breast, and sides pale olive-yellow or straw yellow, the sides and flanks indistinctly streaked with dusky; abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts white. Young in jirst autumn and winter.,—Similar to the adult male at same seasons, but under parts more extensively yellowish (only the under tail-coverts white), upper tail-coverts dull olive-greenish, like back, ete., instead of grayish, and back usually less distinctly streaked. Young, first plumage.—Pileum, back, and scapulars light grayish brown streaked with black, the streaks more or less wedge-shaped, especially on back; rump very pale grayish brown or light buffy gray, transversely mottled or barred with black; upper tail-coverts grayish brown with indistinct paler tips and dusky shaft-streaks; under parts whitish, tinged with olive-yellow anteriorly, everywhere, except on under tail-coverts and lower abdomen, transversely mottled with dusky; wings and tail as in winter plumage. Eastern and northern North America, north to the limit of tree- growth; breeding from Ungava (Fort Chimo) and shores of Hudson 1 Seventeen specimens. Western specimens average larger than eastern, measurements being as follows: | Ex- | | NTS Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. ee | | culmen, 5 J | Sh ee MALES. | | Eleven adult males from Atlantic coast district ..........-.. | 73.5 50.9 10.1 19.1 11.8 Four adult males from Mississippi Valley.......-.---------- | 73.7 | “50.8 9.9 19. 12.3 Four adult males from Rocky Mountains ..........-.--:--.-- Pe meron: | 52.2 10. 18.8 12. SixcadulGmalesitromrAlaskai.- 25 sc... eeencoe ease reer 79.5 51.9 9.6 19.4 12. FEMALES. | Nine adult females from Atlantic coast district..........--- 70.6 47.7 9.8 | 19. ri Five adult females from Mississippi Valley ..........------- PB y2 49.6 LOT hoh2 11.6 Three adult females from Alaska ...:--:...2.....---22-..22.- oO ads | 10. 19.5 11.6 \ ! *This species in winter plumage closely resembles inmature specimens of D. castanea, but may at once be distinguished by the pure white, instead of buff, under tail-coverts, and pale yellowish brown, instead of dusky, feet, independent of other differences, . 4 ; 1 | 7 - BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 597 Bay to northern and western Alaska (Kowak River, Hotham Inlet, Nulato, ete ), southward to Gulf of St. Lawrence (Magdalen Islands, Anticosti Island), northern New England (mountains of Vermont, etc.), northeastern New York (Adirondack and Catskill Mountains), northern Michigan (Mackinac Island), Manitoba (4), and Colorado (Seven Lakes); west (during migration) to New Mexico, Colorado, and Montana. In winter southward through West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Cay- man, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Santa Lucia, Guadeloupe, Barbados, ete.) to Tobago, Trinidad, and continent of South America (Guiana, Vene- zuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Chili). No Mexican nor Central American record. Accidental in southern Greenland (Godthaab, in 1853). Muscicapa . . . striata Forsrer, Philos. Trans., |xii, 1772, 406 (Severn River). Muscicapa striata Forster, Philos. Trans., lxii, 1772, 428 (Hudson Bay). [ Muscicapa] striata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 980.—LaruHam, Index Orn., il, 1790, 481.—STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 370. [ Motacilla] striata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, 1788, 976 (based on Black-poll Warbler Latham, Gen. Synop. Birds, ii, 460; Pennant, Arct. Zool., ii, 401). [Sylvia] striata Laruam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 527. Sylvia striata Virituot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 22, pls. 75, 76; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 219, 222; Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 441, 464.—Wiutson, Am. Orn., iv, 1811, 40, pl. 30, fig. 3; vi, 1812, 101, pl. 54, fig. 4 (female).— STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 645.—Bonaparrer, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 199; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 81.—Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 383.—AupuBoN, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 201, pl. 133.—LEMBEYE, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 33. Sylvicola striata SwarNson and Ricnarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 218.—Bona- PARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 52; Birds Am., oct. ed., 11, 1841, 28, pl. 78.—RemnHARDT, Journ. flr Orn., 1854, 427 (Greenland).—HeEnry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (Rio Mim- bres, New Mexico).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia); vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 807 (Cuba).—ALBrecut, Journ. ftir Orn., 1861, 52 (Bahamas). [Sylvicola] striata BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 308. M{[niotilta] striata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] striata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3474. Mniotilta striata RernHarpt, Ibis, 1861, 6 (Godthaab, Greenland). R{himanphus] striatus CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 20. Rhimamphus striatus GuNDLAcH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 475 (Cuba); 1861, 409 (do. ).—Scriater, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 143 ( Bogota, Colombia). Dendroica striata Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 280; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 202; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 163, 192.—Hernry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 ( New Mexico).—Cougs, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 220 (Labrador) .—Buakisron, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan ).—Dati and Ban- NISTER, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Nulato, Alaska).—Datt, Am. Nat., iv, 1870, 600 (Yukon R., Alaska).—GuNnptacu, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 234; Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 414 (Cuba); Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 181 (Porto Rico).—Barrp, Brewer, and Rripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 248, pl. 13, figs. 9, 12.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1875, 439 (n. New England, breeding).—Hernsnaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1874, 59 (Denver, Colorado, May 17); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 598 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1875, 198 (do. ).—Turner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 237 (Fort Chimo, Ungava, breeding).—AMeRICAN OrnitHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 661.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 35 (West Indian references); ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 49; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (New Providence, Watlings I., Great Inagua, and Arguilla, Bahamas; Cuba; Grand Cayman; Jamaica; Porto Rico; Barbados).—Townsenp, Auk, iv, 1887, 13 (Kowak R., n. w. Alaska).—NeEtson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 202.—Cooker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 251 (dates of migr., etc. ).—Ripe- way, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 147.—THompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 619 (Manitoba; breeding?).—MacrarLane, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 444 (Anderson R., arctic Am., breeding).—NerHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 217, pl. 12, fig. 3.—Wuiurts, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac L., Michigan, rare sum. resid.).—THorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, common in May).—Brisnop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 90 (Log Cabin, Lake Marsh, and Caribou Crossing, Alaska).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Bonda, province Santa Marta, Colombia, Oct., Noy. ).—Osaoop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 79 (Fort Kenai, Alaska).— Howe tt, Auk, xviii, 1901, 344 (Mount Mansfield, Vermont, breeding ).—B1ar- Low, Auk, xix, 1902, 30 (Labrador, breeding north to limit of tree growth). Dendroica striatus GuNpLacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). Dendreca striata ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 31 (Jamaica; Tobago; Bogota).— Buiakiston, Ibis, 1863, 62 (interior British America).—ScLuaTer and SALvIn, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela).—Couers, Check List, 1873, no. 81; 2d ed., 1882, no. 122; Birds N. W., 1874, 60; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 288.—NrwrTon, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenland, 1875, 97 (Godthaab, 1 spec., 1853).—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles).—Munot, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 227 (Seven Lakes, Colorado, summer resident; Denver, May ).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 61.—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 101.—ALLEN and Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 158 (Austins Bluffs, Colorado, May 8, 9).— Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Magdalen Islands and Anticosti I., breeding).—LawreEncr, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 622 (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles). —McLrEnreGan, Cruise ‘‘ Corwin,” 1884, 114 (Kowak R. and Hotham Inlet, Alaska).—SnHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 325, 650 (Roraima, British Guiana; Oyapoc, French Guiana; Rio Negro; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; etc.).—JAmeEs, New List Chilian Birds, 1892, 2. [ Dendreca] striata Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 101.—ScLarer and Satyr, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9. D{endreca] striata Newron (A. and E.), Handb.’ Jamaica, 1881, 106.—Coukrs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 303. Dendroeca striata SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 614 (monogr. ). Dendroica pinus (error) Cours, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 220 (Labrador). Dendreca atricapilla LANpBECK, Archiy. fur Naturg., 1864, 56 (Chile). Anthus breviunguis Sp1x, Av. Bras., i, 1824, 75, pl. 76, fig. 1 (Brazil).—BuRMEIsTER, Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., iii, 1856, 120.—Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 24 (Trinidad ).—PELzELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 69, 463. [ Anthus] breviunguis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 250, no. 3631. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ‘599 DENDROICA VIGORSII VIGORSII (Audubon). PINE WARBLER. Largest species of the genus (wing 67.5-76 in male, 66.5—-70 in female); upper parts (except wings and tail) unicolored (plain olive. green, grayish olive, or olive-brownish); wing-bands dull white or grayish. Adult male in spring and summer.—Above plain bright olive-green, usually becoming more grayish on scapulars; wings and tail dusky with dull gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull white or pale gray, producing two distinct bands; inner webs of two outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, the white on lateral rectrix occupying nearly the terminal half, the outer web more or less broadly edged with white; sides of head and neck olive-green, the former relieved by a narrow, usually indistinct, superciliary streak and a crescentic suborbital spot of yellow, the lores usually darker olive-green, often becoming dusky at anterior angle of eye; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast—usually upper portion of abdomen also—yellow (intermediate between gamboge and canary yellow), the sides of chest and breast usually streaked, more or less, with olive-greenish, sometimes distinctly streaked with dusky; posterior under parts dull whitish, the under tail-coverts gray basally; bill brownish black, the mandible more brownish basally; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown. Adult male in autumn and winter.-—Similar to the spring and summer dress, but plumage softer and colors purer, especially the yellow of under parts, which is nearly clear lemon yellow; bill more brownish, the basal portion of mandible decidedly paler. Adult female in spring and summer.—Smaller and much duller in color than the male; above plain olive, or dull olive-greenish, inclining to gray on hindneck and scapulars, sometimes almost wholly dull gray; beneath pale olive-yellowish anteriorly and dull whitish posteriorly, sometimes wholly dull grayish white, faintly tinged with yellow on chest, the sides and flanks more strongly tinged with olive or grayish, and sometimes obsoletely streaked with darker, especially on sides of chest; wings and tail as in the male. Adult female in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer dress, but plumage softer, the upper parts tinged with brown and under parts tinged with buff. Young male in first autumn and winter ?—Similar to the adult male ot corresponding season, but upper parts tinged with brown, the lower parts with buff. Young female in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult female of corresponding season, but more decidedly brown above and more strongly tinged with buff below. 600 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young male, first plumage.—Above plain broccoli brown, the wings and tail as in the adult, but wing-bands narrower, more or less strongly buffy; beneath dull whitish, strongly shaded across chest and along sides and flanks with pale broccoli brown. Young female, first plumage.—Similar to the young male, but upper parts rather less decidedly brown. Adult male. s), 118-136 (125.2); wing, 67.5-76 (72.9); tail, 51.5-58 (54.4); exposed culmen, 10-12 (10.9); depth of bill at nostrils, 4-4.5 (4.2); tarsus, 17.5 -19.5 (18.5); middle toe, 12-13.5 (12.7)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 115-128 (120.2); wing, 66.5-70.5 (68.4); tail, 50.5-53.5 (52.2); exposed culmen, 9.8-11 (10.6); depth of bill at nostrils, 4; tarsus, 17-19 (18.2); middle toe, 12-13.5 (12.4).” Eastern United States and more southern British Provinces, north to Minnesota, Manitoba (to Lake Winnipeg), Ontario (Lake Muskoka, Hamilton, etc.), New York. southern Maine, and New Brunswick; breeding southward to southern Florida and Gulf States, wintering in Southern States (Florida to Texas) and northward to coast district of Virginia, southern Illinois, etc., occasionally to Massachusetts; occa- sional in Bermudas. Sylvia pinus (not of Latham, 1790) Wrison, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 25, pl. 19, fig. 4.— STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 737, part. eae Enc. Méth., 1823, 464.—Bonaparre, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1824, 194; Ann. ae N. Y., ui, 1826, 81.—Nurratit, Man. Orn. U. S. ae Can., i, 1832, 387.— AvpbuBoN, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 1382, pl. 111. Th[riothurus] ? pinus SrepHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xiv, 1826, 194, part. Sylvicola pinus JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 316, pl., 19, fig. 4. —RicH- ARDSON, ep: Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bonapartr, Geog. and ' Twenty-seven specimens. * Nine specimens. Specimens from different localities (mostly taken during breeding season) average as follows: | Depth ci 7s . of bill | , a1. | Middle Locality. Wing.| Tail. Series Tarsus. | aes | trils. | | ene MALES. | | | Nine adult males from Pennsylvania to Massa- | | CNGRehtale se ce cee aceon tee ores eee eee eee 71.2] 53.9 LOT Ay) aed PSE 7 ey sleee Five adult males from lower Maryland and coast | OL VATEIMIA ees 5: SIRS as cee e lin eee eae 74.1 DAO} en ald Se Aro 18.6 | 12.6 Six adult males from South Carolinaand Alabama.| 74.3 54.8 10.8 | 4.3 18.4 | 12.8 Four adult males from Florida...................- Tlie 54 | 11.6 | 4.2 18.4 | 13 Three adult males from Mississippi Valley........ 75 54.3 | 10.5 | 4 18.3 | Po, FEMALES. | | | | One adult female from District of Columbia ..._.. 69.5 53 | LON) 4.5 19 | 13 Five adult females from South Carolina to Florida.| 68.4 52.6 10.9 | 4 a | 12.2 Three adult females from Mississippi Valley... -. 68.2 52 10.2 1 18.3 12.5 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 601 Comp. List, 1838, 22.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 54; Birds Am., oct. ed., 1i, 1841, 37, pl. 82.—Hurpts, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 35 (Bermudas, Oct. ).— Woopuousk, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Exp. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 70 (Texas).— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., -vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin ).—KENNIcorT?, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soe., 1855, 583 (Illinois). —Marrens, Journ. fur Orn., 1859, 312 (Bermudas).—BLanp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermudas).—Trippe, Proc. Essex Inst., vi, 1871, 114 (Minnesota ?). [ Vermivora] pinus Swatnson Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 245. Mniotilta pinus Swainson, Birds W. Africa, i, Mar., 1837, 275, in text. M[niotilta] pinus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] pinus Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 241, no. 5484. [ Rhimamphus] pinus BoNAPARTE, Consp. Avy., 1, 1850, 311. Dendroica pinus Batrp, Rep. Pacifie R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 277; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 198; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190.—VerRRILL, Proc. ase Instat 1862, 156 (Maine).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. Am. Birds, ; 1874, 268, pl. 13, fig. 6.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, i 439 (s. New England, breeding). D[endroica] pinus Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 368 (Illinois, breeding) . Dendreca pinus ' Sc wee Cat. Am. B irda, 1862, 31 (Pennsylvania).—McItwrairn, Proce. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, ae Florida, abt. winter).—Cougs, Check List, 18738, no. 91, 2d as 1882, no. 134; Birds N. W., 1874, 69; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 251.— Brown (N. C.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 107 (s. Maine, breeding ).— Roperts and Benner, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 13 (Herman, Minne- sota).—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 111.—NenruinG, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 9 (Harris Co., s. e. Texas, winter).—Browne, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 119 (Framingham, Massachusetts, Dec. 5; 4 specs. ).— Merriam, Bull. Nut. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 128 (Adirondacks, New York, 1 spec., May).—Grunptvic, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vili, 1888, 71 (Shiocton, Wisconsin, Apr. 31 to May 12).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 120 (Duxbury, Massachusetts, Dec. 27).—SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 323, 650.—AGrERsBORG, Auk, li, 1885, 278 (s.e. South Dakota). [ Dendreca] pinus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 105. D[endreca] pinus NEtson, Bull. Essex Inst., vill, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. Illinois, breed- ing).—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 307. Dendroeca pinus Sunpgvauy, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, "1870, 612 (monogr. ). Dendreca pina Covers, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 272.—Maynarp, Birds Florida, 1873, 48. Sylvia vigorsii AuDuBON, Orn. Biog., 1, 1831, 153, pl. 30 (Perkioming Creek, e. Penn- sylvania) . Vireo vigorsii NurTaLt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 318. Dendroica vigorsii’ Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 356; Orn. Tllinois, i, 1889, 152.—Srrsecer, Auk, ii, Oct., 1885, 348. — AMERICAN one THoLoGists’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 671. Os Auk, iii, 1886, 326 'The ono ing West late citations fie am not able, in the peers of specimens, to correctly place: Dendreca pinus Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 33. Dendroica vigorsti Cory, Auk, vill, 1891, 352 (Cay Sal, Bahamas); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, part (Great Balan, Andros, and Cay Sal islands, Baha- mas; Haiti). They are more likely to refer to D. v. achrustera or D. v. abacoensis—or some unnamed insular form or forms—than to true D. vigorsii. 602 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Lake Winnipeg).—Cooxs, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 254 (Mississippi Valley localities, etec.; winters north to s. Illinois).—THompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 620 (Manitoba, breeding). —Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 20 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, breeding).—Ra.pu and Baae, Auk, vii, 1890, 282 (OneidaCo., New York, breeding ).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 567 (migrant ).— Brimuey, Auk, vili, 1891, 199 (Raleigh, North Carolina; breeding habits ).— Arrwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 341 (San Antonio, Texas; rare migr.).—WHITE, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac I., Michigan; rare sum. resid. ).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 232.—McI.wrairn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 371 (Hamilton, Ontario, breeding)—ALLEN, Auk, xii, 1895, 89 (Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, breeding).—Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa and Aucilla rivers, n. w. Florida, breeding).—HENNINGER, Auk, xv, 1898, 331 (Waverly, Ohio, breeding).—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 114 (Louisiana, breeding).—FLemine, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Lake Muskoka, Ontario, 1 spec., Apr. 30, 1898). Dendroica] vfligorsii] vigorsii Ripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. DENDROICA VIGORSII ACHRUSTERA (Bangs). NASSAU PINE WARBLER. Similar to). v. vigorsi/, but wing much shorter, tail relatively longer, and bill and feet larger; yellow of under parts averaging paler, not extending to flanks or lower abdomen; yellow supraloral line averag- ing broader, more distinct; white on inner webs of lateral rectrices more restricted. Young (in first plumage) with upper parts much browner (cinnamon-brown or nearly prouts brown). Adult male.—Length (skins), 117-130 (128.2); wing, 64-69 (65.9); tail, 54-56 (54.2); exposed culmen, 11.5-12.5 (12); depth of bill at nostrils, 44.5 (4.1); tarsus, 18.5-19 (18.9); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.4).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 120-123 (121.5); wing, 62-63 (62.5); tail, 51.5-52 (51.7); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); depth of bill at nostrils, 4; tarsus, 19-19.5 (19.2); middle toe, 13-13.5 (13.2).” Island of New Providence, Bahamas. This is clearly an insular form of D. wigorsi7, differing only in its shorter wing, larger bill and feet, and relatively longer tail. Every character of coloration in adult birds I find in occasional specimens of true D. vigors’i, which is exceedingly variable in respect to extent of the yellow on the under parts, and other color characters. Sylvicola ay ey Sylvia pinus Wilson, nor of Latham) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc: N. EL, 1867, 67 (Bahamas).* Dendreeca eee C oer Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 69, part. *[ Dendreca] pinus Cory, List Birds, W. I., 1885, 8, part. ‘Four specimens. 2 Two specimens. 3 No particular island is mentioned, but a specimen from the Bryant collection in the U. S. National Museum collection agrees closely with the examples from New Providence, and is probably from that island. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 603 Dendroica vigorsii (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 39, part (Bahamas, part); Birds W.I., 1889, 53, part (do.); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 part (New Providence I., Bahamas).—Ripa@way, Auk, vill, 1891, 335 (New Providence, Apr. 17, 19). Dendroica bahamensis (not D. pityophila bahamensis Cory, 1891) Maynarp, App. to Cat. of Birds of the W. I., Nov. 29, 1899, 33 (New Providence I., Baha- mas; coll. C. J. Maynard).! Dendroica achrustera Banas, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 292 (Nassau, New Proy- idence I., Bahamas; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). D{endroica] vigorsii achrustera Rripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69, in text. DENDROICA VIGORSII ABACOENSIS Ridgway. ABACO PINE WARBLER. Similar to D. v. vigorsiz, but decidedly larger, with relatively shorter wing and with under parts more extensively whitish posteriorly; simi- lar to D. v. achrustera, but larger and with yellow of under parts brighter and with flanks much less strongly tinged with brown. Adult male.—Length (skin), 183; wing, 70; tail, 57; exposed cul- men, 13.5; depth of bill at nostrils, 5; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 13.5.” Island of Abaco, Bahamas. (?) Dendreca pinus (not Sylvia pinus Wilson, nor of Latham) Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 69, part. (?) Dendroica vigorsti (not Sylvia vigorsii Audubon) Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 39, part (Bahamas, part); Birds W. I., 1889, 53, part (do. ). Dendroica vigorsti Ripaway, Auk, viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco I., Bahamas, Apr. 1).— Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, part (Abaco I.). Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis Ripaway, Auk, xix, Jan., 1902, 69 (Abaco Island, Bahamas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). DENDROICA KIRTLANDII Baird. KIRTLAND’S WARBLER. Adult male in spring.—Pileum, hindneck, sides of neck, and auricu- lar region bluish slate-gray or dull plumbeous, the first usually more or less streaked with black; anterior portion of forehead, lores, and space between lower eyelid and malar region black, gradually blending posteriorly into the gray of the auricular region; a white crescentic spot or bar on lower eyelid, and a smaller, narrower mark of white on upper eyelid; back and scapulars brownish gray or hair brown, broadly streaked with black; rump and upper tail-coverts slate-gray, narrowly (sometimes obsoletely) streaked with black; wings and tail dusky with pale brownish gray or grayish brown edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with paler brownish gray or grayish 'Type now in the collection of E. A. and O. Bee Bocca, Nene meee * One specimen, the only one seen. 604 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. brown, sometimes approaching dull white; inner webs of two outer- most rectrices with a terminal white spot, this about 18-22 long on the lateral rectrix; malar region, chin, throat, and rest of under parts pale lemon, canary, or primrose yellow, fading into white on under tail-coverts; sides and flanks grayish, streaked with dusky, the pro- nounced gray area on each side of breast separated from the yellow of the median portion by a series of broad black streaks; chest usually with a few small flecks of dusky, sometimes immaculate yellow; maxilla blackish with pale brownish tomia; mandible horn brownish, darker terminally, paler basally; iris brown; legs and feet dark horn brown- ish; length (skins), 125-150 (134.6); wing, 70-72 (71.4); tail, 57-65 (58.8); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.9); tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.3); middle toe, 12-13 (12.6).’ Adult female in ( ilar to the adult male, but duller in color; the bluish slate-gray of pileum, hindneck, and rump replaced with brownish gray; black streaks of back and scapulars rather nar- rower; yellow of under parts averaging slightly paler, and chest more frequently as well as more extensively speckled or flecked with dusky; length (skins) 126-138 (182.1); wing, 64-71 (66.7); tail, 53-58 (56.4); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.9); tarsus, 21-22 (21.3); middle toe, 12-13 (12.3).2 Eastern United States and more southern British Provinees, chiefly west of the Alleghenies; very irregularly distributed and breeding ‘ange unknown; has been taken in the following States: Ohio (Cleve- land; Rockport; Hamilton County); Indiana (Wabash); Illinois (Win- nebago and Cook counties); Missouri (St. Louis County); Minnesota (Minneapolis); Wisconsin (Racine); Michigan (Ann Arbor; Straits of Mackinac); Virginia (Fort Myer); South Carolina (Chester); also in Ontario (Toronto). Winters in the Bahamas (Watlings, Green Cay, Berry, Abaco, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, North Caicos, East Caicos, and Grand Caicos islands). Sylvicola kirtlandii Barrp, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., v, 1852, 217, pl. 6 (Cleve- land, Ohio; type in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. acre Journ. fur Orn., 1854, 395.—Cassin, Illustr. Birds Cal., Tex., ete., 1855, 278, pl. 47. Dendroica kirtlandii Barry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 286; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 205; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 206 (at sea, bet. Abaco, Baha- mas, and Cuba; 2 naditionAll specs. from Cleveland, Ohio).—WueEatTon, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 374 (Cleveland, Ohio; Racine, Wisconsin ).— Strong, Auk, xv, 1898, 331 (no valid record for Pennsylvania). Dendroica kirtlandi Batrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 272, pl. 14, fig. 5.—AmerRtcAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 670.—Ripeway, Auk, viii, 1891, 337 (Watlings I., Bahamas, Mar. 4 to9), 338 (Green Cay, Bahamas, Apr. 12).—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 38; viii, 1891, 295 (Berry Islands, Bahamas), 297 (Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Jan. or Feb.), 298 (Abaco I., Bahamas, Mar.); Birds W. I., 1889, 52; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118, 155 (Abaco, Berry Islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, Wat- ' Five specimens. * Seven specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 605 lings I., Green Cay, North Caicos, Grand Caicos, and East Caicos, Baha- mas).—Cookk, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 254 (St. Louis, Missouri, May 8) .— Smiru and Paumer, Auk, v, 1888, 148 (Fort Myer, Virginia, Sept. 25).— Wasupurn, Auk, vi, 1889, 280 (Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1).—Loomis, Auk, viii, 1891, 171 (Chester Co., South Carclina, Oct. 11).—GuiLrorp, Auk, x, 1891, 86 (Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 13).—Nenruina, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 231.—Gautr, Auk, xi, 1894, 258 (Glen Ellyn, n. e. Illinois, May 7).—U.rey, Proce. Ind. Ac. Sci. , 1895, 147 (Wabash, Indiana, May, 1895) .— Unrey and Wauuace, Proc. Ind. Ae. Sci., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, May 4, 1892).—Burier, Proce. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 168 (Wabash, Indiana, May 7, 1895).—CnHapmMan, Auk, xv, 1898, 289, pl. 4 (historical, etc.); xvi, 1899, 81 (Winnebago Co., Illinois, May 25, 1894).—Biackwe.prer, Auk, xvi, 1899, 359 (Morgan Park, Chicago, Illinois, May 21, 1899).—Banas, Auk, xvii, 1900, 292 (New Providence I., Bahamas, Mar. 4 and Apr. 5).—Samuet, Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Toronto, Ontario, May 16, 1900). D{endroica] kirtlandi Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 514. Dendroeca kirtlandi SunpEvatt, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 617 (monogr. ). [ Dendreca] kirtlandii Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 104. Dendreca kirtlandi Cours, Check List, 1878, no. 89; 2d ed., 1884, no. 131° Birds Col. Val., 1878, 249; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 49 (Ann Arbor, Michi- gan, May 16; descr. adult female).—Lanepon, Cat. Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 6 (Avondale, Hamilton Co., Ohio).—Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 118 (Andros I., Bahamas, Jan. 9; descr. adult female); Birds Bahamas L., 1880, 66.—Purprie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 185 (Ann Arbor, Michi- gan, May 16; list of known specimens).—WuHeEaTon, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 58 (Rockport, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 2 or 3 spees., spring of 1878).— Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 110.—Merriam, Auk, ii, 1885, 376 (Straits of Mackinac, Michigan, May 21, 1885).—Wuipmann, Auk, ii, 1885, 382 (near St. Louis, Missouri, May 8, 1885).—Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 322. [ Dendreca] kirtlandi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. D{endreca] kirtlandi Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 306. [ Mniotilta] kirtlandii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no 3492. [ Mniotilta] kirtlandi Girpe., Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 603. DENDROICA PITYOPHILA PITYOPHILA (Gundlach). CUBAN WARBLER. Adult in spring and summer.—Forehead and crown yellowish olive- green, obsoletely streaked with darker; rest of upper parts, including sides of head and neck, plain slate-gray, the lores and suborbital region more dusky; wings and tail dusky with light brownish gray edgings, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale brownish eray, producing two indistinct bars across wing; inner webs of two lateral rectrices with a large white terminal wedge-shaped spot; chin, throat, median portion of chest, and part of malar region light lemon or canary yellow; rest of under parts dull white medially, pale brown- ish gray laterally, the flanks more tinged with brown; between the yellow on lower throat and median portion of breast and the gray on 606 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sides of neck and chest a series of broad black streaks or spots, these sometimes extending beyond the yellow over sides of breast, where the gray on each side encroaches more upon the white of the median portion; bill black; legs and feet dark horn brown; length (skins), 111.8-114.3 (113); wing, 56-60.4 (58.9); tail, 48.2-50.3 (49.4); exposed culmen, 10-10.4 (10.3); tarsus, 16-16.7 (16.4); middle toe, 10.6-11 (10.8).! Adult (4) male in winter.°—Similar to the spring and summer plum- age but general color of upper parts smoke gray, iess strongly con- trasted with olive-green of crown and forehead; sides and flanks more strongly tinged with pale brown; black streaks along iateral margin of yellow chest-patch less distinct, and bill light horn brownish instead of black. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the adult male of corresponding season and not always distinguishable, but usually very slightly duller in color, or with the black streaks along lateral margia of yellow chest-patch smaller or less distinct; length (skins), 109.2-115.6 (111.8); wing, 55.9-57.7 (57); tail, 47.5-48.3 (48.5); exposed culmen, 10.2-10.7 (10.4); tarsus, 16.3-16.8 (16.5); middle toe, 10.7—-11.4 (11).° Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles (in pine woods). Sylvicola pityophila Gunpuacu, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1855, 160 (Cuba).— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., vil, 1860, 307. Rhimamphus pityophilus GuNpiLacu, Journ. fir Orn., 1857, 240. Dendroica pityophila Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 208.—Cory, Auk, 1ii, 1886, 38; Birds W. I., 1889, 52; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 129. D{endroica] pityophila Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 515. D[endroica] pityophila Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 221. Dendreca pityophila Gunpuacn, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 284.—Couks, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 296 (synonymy).—Cory, Birds W. I., 1889, 38 (Cuba).—Suarpeg, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 322. [Dendreca] pityophila Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 297, in text.— Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Dendroeca pityophila SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 612 (monogr. ). [ Mniotilta] pityophila Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3499.—GreBEL, Thesaurus Orn., ii, 1875, 606. DENDROICA PITYOPHILA BAHAMENSIS Cory. BAHAMA WARBLER. Adult male.—‘* Upper parts, including sides of the head and neck, plumbeous gray, not light ash gray as in Dendroica pityophila Gund- lach. Forehead and crown greenish yellow, showing light yellow at the base of the upper mandible; throat and upper breast yellow, bor- dered on the breast by a few feathers marked unevenly with black. 1 Five specimens. 2 Possibly young male in first winter. °Three specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 607 Belly dull white shading into gray on the sides and flanks. A faint indication of wing bands, showing very faintly in some specimens. Tail dark brown, the two outer feathers showing an arrow-shaped -white mark on the terminal portion of the inner webs, variable in dif- ferent specimens; most of the feathers of the wings and tail showing very narrow grayish edging on the outer webs. Bill and feet dark brown. Closely allied to Dendroica pityophila of Cuba. Length, 4.50; wing, 2.30; tail, 2.00; tarsus 0.60; bill, 0.45. **The female resembles the male, but the colors are shghtly paler, and it is perhaps somewhat smaller. ** Habitat.—Abaco and Great Bahama islands, Bahamas.” Dendroica pityophila bahamensis Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348 (Abaco I., Baha- mas; coll. C. B. Cory), 350 (Great Bahama and Abaco islands); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 118, 127, 155 (Abaco and Great Bahama islands). 1 DENDROICA DISCOLOR (Vieillot). PRAIRIE WARBLER. Adult male in spring and summer.— Above yellowish olive-green, brightest on pileum and hindneck, slightly tinged or intermixed with grayish on upper tail-coverts; interscapulars chestnut centrally, more or less broadly margined or edged with olive-green; wings and tail dusky, with pale grayish olive edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with pale yellow or light olive-yellow, the outer webs of greater coverts sometimes yellowish terminally; inner webs of three outer- most rectrices extensively white terminally, this occupying approxi- mately one-half the web on lateral rectrix, successively smaller on the next two; superciliary stripe (broadest anteriorly), large subor- bital crescentic spot, malar region and under parts clear gamboge or lemon yellow, paler posteriorly (under tail-coverts primrose yellow); a loral and short postocular streak, a broad curved streak or crescentic patch immediately beneath the yellow suborbital spot, and a series of broad black streaks beginning on sides of lower throat and continued along sides to flanks, black; bill dark brown (the maxilla nearly black), paler on tomia; iris brown; legs and feet dusky brown. Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and sum- mer plumage, but chestnut spots on back more or less concealed (often quite so) by broader olive-green margins to the feathers. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the male and some- times hardly distinguishable, but usually much duller in color, with the chestnut spots on back indistinct (often obso.ete); the black mark- ings on sides of head replaced by dull grayish, and the black streaks along sides less distinct, especially on flanks, where grayish, or obsolete; olive-green of upper parts sometimes partly replaced by grayish, and yellow of lower parts by dull whitish. 1Cory, Auk, viii, Oct., 1891, 348. av. ? ’ ’ 608 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and sum- mer plumage, but plumage softer and colors more blended. Tinmature male in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult male of corresponding season, but concealed chestnut spots on back smaller; tips of middle wing-coverts duller pale yellowish olive; olive-green of head more or less tinged with gray; black markings on sides of head much less distinet; black streaks on sides and flanks narrower, and mandible pale brownish (dull flesh color in life’), with darker tip. Immature female in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult female of corresponding season, but duller olive-green above; pattern of sides of head indistinct or obsolete, and streaks along sides and flanks still less distinct, sometimes obsolete. Young female, first plumage.—Above plain hair brown or grayish broccoli brown; remiges and rectrices dusky, with pale yellowish gray edgings; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale buffy, pro- ducing two narrow bars across wing; sides of head plain pale hair brown, relieved by a small and narrow spot of dull yellowish white on each eyelid; chin, throat, and chest pale hair brown; rest of under parts dull yellowish white, or pale dull primrose yellow, the breast narrowly streaked with hair brown. Adult male.—Length (skins), 105-117 (111); wing, 55.5-59 (57.6); tail, 45-50 (47.8); exposed culmen, 8.8-10 (9.4); tarsus, 17.5-19.5 (18.3).? Adult Jemale.—Length (skins), 100-111 (105); wing, 51-57 (54.1); tail, 41-50 oe a) exper Le 9-10 he) tarsus, 17.5-19 (18).? Ten specimens, from oleate coast aieeceae of United oe ? Hight specimens, from Atlantic coast district of United States. The specimens measured from the Atlantic States compare in average measurements with those from the Mississippi Valley and others from the Bahamas (the latter evidently resident birds), as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. | culmen, MALES. | . Ten adult males, Virginia to Massachusetts ......------------------ IP byeGuleazeS 9.4 18.3 Three adult males from Tennessee and Kentucky-......----.------ 53.6 43.6 2 18 Four adult males from Abaco, Green Cay, and Rum Cay, Bahamas. . 57.6 47.1 10.2 18 FEMALES. Fight adult females from Maryland to Florida ....-.......-.-..--.-- 54.1 44.3 9.2 18 Three adult females from Abaco and New Providence, Bahamas. .. 53\, |) | 46521) Oi Sea 138.1 eS cemens from the is a : Abaco, New oe aene e, a Ginn 1 Cay, and part of those from Rum Cay, Bahamas, evidently represent resident birds, since they dif- fer from ail examples from the United States in decidedly larger bill and much broader yellow superciliary stripe, the latter encroaching anteriorly on the sides of the forehead. Specimens from other Bahama islands, including most of those exam- ined from Rum Cay, are not distinguishable from United States examples, and with- out much doubt are winter visitors from the latter country. Until more is known of the Bahama resident birds, however, I do not venture to separate them sub- specifically. ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 609 Eastern United States. breeding north to Massachusetts, southern Ontario (Toronto), southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin (7), ete., south to Florida, Bahamas (islands of Abaco, New Providence, and Green Cay’), and probably to the Gulf States in general; occurring irregularly north to northern Michigan (Mackinac Island); west to edge of the Great Plains, in eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, ete.; in winter south nearly throughout West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Mona, Culebra, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; St. Eustatius, St. Christopher, and Martinique, Lesser Antilles), island of Cozumel, Yucatan (January), and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea (1 specimen, February 12); Bermudas (October). Or Sylvia discolor Vrettiot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 37, pl. 98 (United States and Greater Antilles); Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 181; Ene. Méth , ii, 1823, 445.—SrepHeEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 716.—BoNnapartr, Ann Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82.—Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418.—Nurrau, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, ‘‘294,”’ i. e. 394.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 76, pl. 14.—Brewer, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1827, 436 (Massachusetts) .— LempBeye, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 32, pl. 6, fig. 2. Sylvicola discolor JArprxk, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., 1832, 375.—RicHArpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—AupuUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 62; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 68, pl. 97.— Gossk, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 159.—Jarpinr, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermu- das, aut. visit.).—Hurpts, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 7 (Bermudas, Oct. ).— Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin ).—Prarren, Trans. Tils. Agric. Soc., i, 1855, 602 (Illinois).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1859, 110 (Bahamas, breeding); xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo), 250 (Porto Rico); Journ. fir Orn., 1866. 184 (do.).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). [Sylvicola] discolor Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 508. M{niotilta] discolor Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. [ Mniotilta] discolor Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 5486. Rhimamphus discolor Gunpuacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 474 (Cuba). Dendroica discolor Barry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858 290; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, 210; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 213, part (Jamaica; Porto Rico; St. Thomas; St. Croix).—Gunpvuacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 416 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 186 (Porto Rico).—Marcn, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., xv, 1863, 293 (Jamaica).—Barirp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 276, pl. 14, fig. 9.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 439 (Massa- chusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, breeding).—Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan, winter); x, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 155.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 39 (West Indian references); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman and Cayman Brace) ; vii, 1890, 375 (Tortola and Virgin Gorda) ; viii, 1891, 47 (St. Eustatius), 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher); ix, 1892, 48 49 (Maraguna and Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. I., 1889, 53; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 118 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Bir- 1Perhaps also Rum Cay and other islands of the group. These resident Bahama birds are recognizably different from birds breeding in the United States, as explained on p. 608 (footnote), and may require subspecitic separation. 3654—voL 2—01 39 610 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. minis, Berry islands, Eleuthera, New Providence, Andros, San Salvador, Exuma Keys, Concepcion, Watlings I., Rum Cay, Green Cay, Maraguna, North Caicos, East Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Haiti, Mona, Porto Rico, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; St. Eustatius and St. Christopher, Lesser Antilles).—AMErI- CAN OrniITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 673.—Covurs (FE. B.), Auk, v, 1888, 405-408 (Washington, District of Columbia; nesting habits, etc.).—Cooxer, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 255 (e. Kansas; e. Nebraska; West Liberty, Iowa; Pierce City, Missouri).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Tar- pon Springs and Punta Rassa, Florida, breeding ).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 570 (summer resid. in e. Kansas).—NrnHrRuinc, Our Native Birds, etc., 1, 1893, 236, pl. 13, fig. 2.—(?) Wurre, Auk, x, 1893, 228 (Mackinac I., Michi- gan, migr.).—Uxbrey and Watuacr, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, May 2).—Samuer, Auk, xvii, 1900, 391 (Toronto, Ontario, May 11).—Ames, Auk, xviii, 1901, 106 (Toronto, May 11). D{endroica] discolor Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 516. Dendreca discolor Newron (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 144 (St. Croix).—Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1861, 71 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 33 (do.).— ALBRECHT, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 194 (Jamaica).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125 (e. Kansas, common in May).—Covugs, Check List, 1873, no. 86; 2d ed., 1882, no. 127; Birds N. W., 1874, 63; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 246.—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 59 (deser. young).—GunN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 186 (Ottawa Co., Michigan, 1 spec., May 21).—Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 64; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti) Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 31.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 114.—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 142 (at sea near Swan I., Caribbean Sea).—AGeErsBora, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. Dakota).—SuHaArpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 307, 648.—Howe, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Uxbridge, Vermont, 1 spec., ‘‘ Dec. 4, 1884’). [ Dendreeca] discolor Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 103.—ScuaTer and SALVIN, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. D{endreca] discolor NELSON, Bult. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100 (n. e. Illinois; breed- ing?).—Newron (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.—Covugs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 305. Dendroeca discolor SunpEvAtL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico), 615 (monogr.). Sylvia minuta Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 87, pl. 25, fig. 4.—BonaparTE, Ann. loves Noes 1 826586: Phyllopneuste minuta Born, Isis, 1828, 321. Sylvicola minuta Denny, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 38 (Jamaica; Cuba). DENDROICA VITELLINA Cory. VITELLINE WARBLER, Similar to J. déscolor, but much larger; under tail-coverts yellow, back never spotted with chestnut, and sides of breast without black or dusky streaks. Adult male.—Ahbove uniform yellowish olive-green; wings and tail dusky with yellowish olive-green edgings (these more grayish on pri- mary coverts and terminal portion of remiges), the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with canary yellow, the outer webs of greater coverts Pe oe eS PA BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 611! passing terminally into pale dull olive-yellow; inner webs of two outer- most rectrices with a large terminal or subterminal spot of white; sides of head, including a narrow superciliary stripe (becoming indistinct or obsolete beyond eye), a large crescentic suborbital space, greater part of auricular region, whole malar region, and entire under parts clear lemon yellow, the sides and flanks very indistinctly streaked with olive- greenish (these streaks more distinct on sides of breast); a postocular and a rictal streak of olive-greenish; maxélla brownish black, with paler tomia; mandible horn brownish, paler basally; legs and feet horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 115-119 (117); wing, 55-59 (56.8); tail, 51; exposed culmen, 10.5-11.5 (11); tarsus, 19-21 (19.8).? Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and not always distinguish- able, but usually (7) slightly duller in color; length, 105-115 (110.5); wing, 53-56 (54.5); tail, 47-49 (47.4); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.2); tarsus, 19-20 (19.5).” Young, first plumage.—Above plain light grayish brown, somewhat darker on back; middle and greater wing coverts edged with lighter brownish and indistinctly tipped with dull light buffy; remiges and rectrices dusky, edged with light olive, these edgings on tertials broader and paler; lower parts entirely dull whitish, faintly tinged with yel- low posteriorly, strongly tinged with grayish brown on sides of breast. (Described from No. 111,258, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Swan Island, Caribbean Sea, February 3, 1887; C. H. Townsend.) [Some apparently adult specimens, of both sexes, possibly younger birds, are duller in color than those from which the above descriptions of the adult male and female are taken, while several which are other- wise as bright colored have the olive-green of the upper parts, espe- cially on the hindneck and part of the pileum, replaced by clear ash gray, and the yellow of the throat by a much paler tint, almost yel- lowish white. Having only one specimen, an adult female, from the island of Grand Cayman (the type locality) for comparison with the Swan Island series, [ can not be sure that the birds of the two islands are really identical. | Islands of Grand Cayman and Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. Dendroica vitellina Cory, Auk, ili, Oct., 1886, 497, 501 (Grand Cayman, “‘aribbean Sea; coll. C. B. Cory); iv, 1887, 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea); v, 1888, 157 (Grand Cayman); vi, 1889, 31 (Little Cayman; Cayman Brac); ‘Birds W.. 1.,-1889; 2863 (Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18; 119; 129, 155. (Grand Cayman).—Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 574 (Grand Cayman), 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea; descr. young). 'Five specimens, from Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. * Four specimens, from Swan Island, Caribbean Sea. usu- ally been placed in Geothlypis, but I am convinced that they are decidedly more nearly related to the type species of Oporornis (0. agilis), their relationship to which is not only indicated by the close similarity of their coloration, but also by their structure. It is true they have relatively shorter wings and longer and more rounded tails than O. agilis; but nevertheless they have the same pointed wing, with the outermost (ninth) primary even longer (almost, sometimes quite, the longest), whereas all the species of Geothlypis have the ninth primary shorter than the fifth (often shorter than the fourth, sometimes even shorter than the first), while in all the latter the wing- tip is shorter than the exposed culmen, instead of much longer. O. formosa, besides differing conspicuously in the pattern of color- ation of the head, neck, and chest, has the anterior toes more united 622 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. basally, the basal phalanx of the middle toe being joined for most of its length to the outer toe and for about half its length to the inner toe, while in all the others the fusion extends for much less than the entire length of the phalanx on the outer and for less than half its length or the inner side. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF OPORORNIS. a. Tail not longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, nearly even; outermost (ninth) primary not longer than sixth; bill more slender. b. Throat and chest yellow; top and sides of head with more or less of black, and with a yellow line extending from nostril to above, behind, and beneath eye. (Eastern United States; south in winter to Cuba and through Mexico and Central Americas to Colombia.) 22283 -.2452- 222 aece Oporornis formosa (p. 622) bb. Throat and chest not yellow; top and sides of head without any black; no yel- low on sides of head; a whitish orbital ring. (Eastern United States and more southern British provinces; Bahamas and northern South America in winter.) (Oporornis agilis. ) c. Chin, throat, and chest gray, darker on chest. Oporornis agilis, adult male (p. 625) ce. Chin and throat pale brownish or brownish white; chest deeper brownish. Oporornis agilis, adult female and immature birds (p. 626) aa. Tail longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, decidedly rounded; outermost (ninth) primary longer than sixth; bill stouter, b. Head and neck slate-gray, with more or less of black on throat and chest. (Adult males. ) c. No white on eyelids; more black on chest, but less on lores. (Eastern North America; south in winter through Central America to Colombia. ) Oporornis philadelphia, adult maie (p. 628) ce, A white mark on each eyelid; less black on chest, but more on lores. (West- ern North America; south in winter through Mexico and Central America to; Colomibiay) == ean esa ee es eee Oporornis tolmiei, adult male (p. 631) bb. Chin and throat pale gray, grayish white, or pale yellowish, without any black; lores grayish. (Adult females and immature birds. ) c. Chin and throat pale gray or grayish white. d. No white on eyelids; tail averaging 46.7. Oporornis philadelphia, adult female (p. 628) dd. A white mark on each eyelid; tail averaging 52.1. Oporornis tolmiei, adult female (p. 631) cc. Chin and throat pale yellowish. d.: Vaalshorter. Sa. ce sce oe Oporornis philadelphia, immature female (p. 628) dds; Bail longer: S22. 2t See wees Oporornis tolmiei, immature female (p. 631) OPORORNIS FORMOSA (Wilson). KENTUCKY WARBLER. Adult male (whole year').—Pileum black, the feathers of crown and occiput (especially the latter) tipped with slate-gray; rest of upper parts, including sides of neck, plain olive-green; outer web of outer- 1. am unable to discover the slightest difference between midwinter (January) specimens and those taken in summer, except that the plumage, being more recently acquired, is softer, and the slate-gray tips to the feathers of crown and occiput are rather broader, these being sometimes quite worn away in midsummer specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 623 most primary white; a superciliary stripe of lemon yellow, extending from nostrils to just behind the eye, where curving downward and including the posterior half, or more, of lower eyelid; lores, subor- bital region (except the yellow on under eyelid), and greater part of auricular region uniform black, this black extended more or less along edge of lower throat and forming a triangular patch; terminal portion of auricular region olive-green; under parts clear lemon yellow, changing on sides and flanks to olive-green; bill dark brownish, the maxiila sometimes nearly black, the mandible paler basally on under side; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown or brown'‘sh vellow in dried skins, pale flesh color in life; length (skins), 121.9- 130.8 (126.7); wing, 65—74.7 (70.1); tail, 49-52.3 (51); exposed culmen, 11.4-12.7 (11.9); tarsus, 20.8-23.4 (22.3); middle toe, 13.2-14.7 (14).} Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and not always distin- guishable, but usually with the gray tips to feathers of crown broader (even those of the forehead being thus marked) and more brownish gray. and the black patch on sides of head more restricted and less sharply defined; in some (probably younger) specimens the black of the pileum is entirely concealed, and still more rarely there is no black, the whole pileum being uniform brownish gray; length (skins), 116.8— 123.9 (119.4); wing, 62.7-66.8 (65); tail, 45.5-49.8 (47.2); exposed culmen, 11.2-13 (11.7); tarsus, 20.6-22.9 (21.8); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.5). Young, first plumage.—Ahbove uniform light sepia brown; wings and tail as in adults, but lesser and middle coverts brown, like back, etc., and greater coverts tipped with light brown or strongly tinged with that color; lores dusky; sides of head otherwise similar in color to upper parts, but rather paler, fading gradually into pale buffy brown or brownish buff on chin and throat, this gradually deepening into light broccoli brown on chest, sides, and flanks; abdomen and under tail- coverts pale buffy yellow. Eastern United States; breeding from Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas (Harris, Montgomery, Navarro, and Bexar counties) north to southeast- ern New York (Sing Sing), New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania (Chester and Delaware counties), western Pennsylvania (Beaver County), Ohio, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, Iowa (Burlington), and east- ern Nebraska (Omaha; Peru), west to border of Great Plains (Texas to Nebraska); occurring north (but not breeding 4) to southern Connec- ticut (Suffield; Lyme) and Long Island; south in winter to Cuba (accidental), Florida Keys (occasional), and through southern Mexico (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas), and Central America to northern Colombia (province of Santa Marta). 1 Kight specimens. ? Seven specimens. 624 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sylvia formosa Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 85, pl. 25, fig. 3 (Kentucky ).— SrePHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 688.—VrieILior, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 450.—Bonapartk, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 197; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 84.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 196, pl. 38.—NurraLL, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 399. Sylvicola formosa JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 373.—RiIcHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—BonapartE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 311 (Wisconsin). S[ylvicola] formosa Maximiut1an, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 113 (lower Missouri R. ). M{niotilia] formosa Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 196. Myiodioctes formosus AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 50; Birds Am., oct. ed., li, 1841, 19, pl. 74.—LemBeyr, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 37.—GunpLacu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). [ Myiodioctes] formosa BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 315. Myodioctes formosa Pratren, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc., 1855, 601. Sylvania formosa Woopuouse, Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R., 1853, 70 (Indian Territory and Texas). Myioctonus formosus GUNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba). Trichas (Sylvicola) formosa Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1864 (1865), 438 (Missouri). Setophaga formosa BREWER, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). Oporornis formosus BArrD, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 247; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 175; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 218 (Choctum, Guatemala, ete.).—WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363 (Ohio).—Barnarp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1860 (1861), 485 (Pennsylvania ).—Covers and Prentiss, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1861 (1862), 406 (District of Colum- bia, breeding).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 468 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); viii, 1866, 284 (vicinity of New York City); ix, 1868, 94 (Dota, Costa Rica); Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Guichicovi, Chiapas).—Scuiatrr, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 28 (Pennsylvania).—DRreEsskEr, Ibis, 1865, 477 (Texas).—GunpLacu, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; Journ. fiir Orn., 1872, 417; Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68.—Sanvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1867, 186 (Santa Fé, Veragua).—Covrs, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 110 (South Carolina); Check List, 1878, no. 96; Birds N. W., 1874, 73.— | } Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (Costa Rica).—TurnsButt, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23 (Phila. ed., p. 16).—Scorr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 222 (West Virginia, breeding).—ALLENn, Ain. Nat., vi, 1872, 265 (Leavenworth, e. Kansas); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 125, 175 (do. ).— Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4.—Barirp, Brewsr, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 298.—Brewsrer, Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi., 1875, 187 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia; habits; song).—FisHer (A. K.), Am. Nat., x, 1875, 573 i (Sing Sing, s. e. New York, breeding); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 191 (do.).—Gentry, Life Hist. Birds, i, 1876, 149.—Merriam, Trans. Conn. Ac. | Sci, iv, 1877, 22 (Suffield, Connecticut, 1 spec., Aug. 16, 1876; Lyme, Con- . necticut, 1 spec., date not recorded).—Brrwer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvi, | 1875, 451 (no valid New England record); xix, 1878, 303 (Suffield and Lyme, Connecticut).—BrekNneti, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 1380 (Riverdale, s. e. New York, 1 spec., May 30; Fort Lee, New Jersey, breeding).—Brown (N. C.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 174 (Coosada, Alabama, Apr. ). | Oporornis] formosus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107.—Sciarer and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9. . Oporornis formosas Baird, BREWER, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, pl. 15, fig. 3. O[porornis] formosus Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 101 (n. e. Illinois, rare summer resid.). BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 625 Oporornis formosa SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.).—Scuarer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, 19 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca).—Satuvry, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Chiriqui; Santa Fé, Veragua).—Cours, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 269 (occurrence in s. New England probable); Birds Col. Val., 1878, 309, footnote (synonymy); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. doe eR mew Ay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 119.—Lanepon, Buil. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 236 (Hamilton Co., Ohio, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—RuHoanps, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 234 (Chester and Delaware counties, Pennsylvania, breeding ).—OaI.By, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc., iii, 1882, (21) (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding).— Satvin and GoopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 148 (Duefias, Calderas, Coban, and Choctum, Guatemala; Chepo, Isthmus of Panama; etc. ).—Nrnr- LING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 10 (Harris and Montgomery counties, s. e. Texas, breeding).—SHARPkE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 348, 653.— Hancock, Auk, v, 1888, 210 (near Grand Crossing and Plano, n. e. Illinois, May 23).—Cuerrif, Auk, ix, 1892, 21 (San José, Costa Rica, 1 spec., Oct. 7); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, ves, 1893, 14 (Boruca, Costa Rica, Oct. 7).— Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 62 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Feb. 22 to. Mar. 3). O[porornis| formosa Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310. S[eiurus] formosus Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 36? (Ilhnois). Geothlypis formosa Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Saat Sept. 2, 1888, 354; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 166.—Cory, Auk, iil, 1886, 43 (( duban records); Birds W. L., 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (Cuba).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 677.—Butter, Bull. Brookv. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 36 (Franklin Co., Indiana, summer resid. ); Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci. for 1891, 166 (Gibson Station, n. w. Indiana, May, several).—Cooxn, Bird Mier. Miss. Val., 1888, 257 (Gainesville and Bonham, Texas; Manhattan, Kansas; Burlington, Lowa, ete.).—Durcner, Auk, v, 1888, 139 (Raynor South, Long Island, May 18; Fire I. Light, Aug. 19); x, 1893, 277 (Flatlands, Long Island, 1 spec. ).—CHapman, Auk, vi, 1889, 304 (Englewood, New Jersey, breed- ing).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, 1 spec., Apr. 6), 314 (Garden Key, Tortugas, 1 spec., Mar. 29).—CHerrigz, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San José, Costa Rica).—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 578 (e. Kansas, summer resid.).—Topp, Auk, viii, 1891, 398 (Beaver Co., Pennsylvania, breeding ).—Arrwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).— Ricumonp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, after Sept. 22).—Neruriinc, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 248, pl. 14, fig. 3.—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 144 (Santa Marta, Colombia) .— ALLEN, Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Bonda, proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, Oct. 7 to Nov. 24); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (do. ).—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 114 (Louisiana, breeding).—Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Omaha and Peru, Nebraska, breeding). G[eothlypis] formosa Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 520. Sylvia equinoctialis (not Motacilla «quinoctialis Gmelin) VrerLior, Ois. Am. Sept., li, 1807, 26, pl. 81 (Pennsylvania). OPORORNIS AGILIS (Wilson). CONNECTICUT WARBLER. Adult male in spring and summer.—Forehead, crown, and sides of head uniform slate color, relieved by a conspicuous and uninterrupted orbital ring of white; chin, throat, and chest plain slate-gray, paler on 3654—voL 2—01——40 626 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. chin and upper throat, deeper (sometimes almost slate color) on chest; rest of under parts pale yellow (intermediate between canary yellow and straw yellow, the sides and flanks light olive-green; upper parts (except forehead and crown) plain olive-green, the outer web of outer- most primary edged with whitish; maxilla dark brownish, with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins), darker terminally; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (pale flesh color in life). Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and sum- mer plumage, but gray of forehead and crown tinged with brown, and feathers of throat and chest indistinetly tipped with paler gray. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the adult male, but slate color of head replaced by grayish olive, olive, or brownish olive, that of chin and throat by pale brownish buffy or dull brownish white, that of chest by a deeper shade of the same color as chin and throat. Young male in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult female, but with color of pileum browner than in most examples of that sex (brownish olive) and color of chest darker, more olivaceous. Young female in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the young male of corresponding season, but smaller and with the throat and chest more strongly tinged with brownish buffy. Adult male.—Length (skins), 127-137.7 (133.1); wing, 70.9-75.4 (73.1); tail, 46.7-52.8 (49.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-12.4 (11.9); tarsus, 20.6-23.1 (21. 3); middle toe, 13.2-14.7 (14.2).’ Adult female.—Length okane 121.9-147.3 (184.4); wing, 67.3-71.9 (69.3); tail, 46.7-49.3 (48); exposed culmen, 11.7-11.9 (11.8); tarsus, 19-21.8 (20.8); middle toe, 13.5-14 (13.9).” Eastern United States and British Provinces; north to Maine (Saco), New Hampshire (Shelburne), Vermont (Pittsford), Ontario, Michigan, and Manitoba; west to Minnesota and (casually) Colorado (Lincoln County, May 24); breeding in Ontario(?), Minnesota (Aitkin County) 4, and Manitoba (Duck Mountain); in winter, south to Bahamas (Cay Sal, May 7), Colombia (Bonda, province of Santa Marta, October 22), and upper Amazon Valley (Tonantins, April 9). (No other extralimital records ¢) Sylvia agilis Witson, Am. Orn., v, 1812, 64, pl. 39, fig. 4 (Connecticut; Pennsyl- vania near Philadelphia).—SrerHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 732 — Bae Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 448. —BonaparteE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., , 1824, 199; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 84.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 091, pl. 1388. Silvia agilis Casor, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1845, 63 (Brookline, Massachu- setts. ) Trichas agilis Nurrautt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 463.—Hoy, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).—Reap, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 399 (Ohio).—Kewnnicort, Trans. Ils. Agric. Soc., i, 1855, 583 (Illinois). 1 Seven specimens. * Five specimens. OR BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 627 Sylvicola agilis JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 159.—Ricnarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 63; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 71, pl. 99.—Purnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 226 (Massa- chusetts). Oporornis agilis Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 246; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pl. 79, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 174; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 218.—WueEatTon, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363 (Ohio).— Barnarp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1860 (1861), 435 (Pennsylvania ).— Cougs and Prentiss, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1861 (1862), 406 (District of Columbia).—ALLEN, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 82 (Massachusetts); Am. Nat., ili, 1869, 574 (Newton and Newton Center, Massachusetts, Sept. ).— Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vili, 1866, 283 (vicinity of New York City).— Cours, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 269 (Lynn, Massachusetts, Sept.); Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 1868, 110 (South Carolina); Check List, 1873, no. 95; 2d ed., 1882, 139; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 308, footnote.—TurnBuLL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1869, 23 (Phila. ed., p. 16).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xv, 1872, 3 (near Cambridge, Massachusetts, Sept. 7 to Oct. 5); xvii, 1875, 440 (New England).—Purpiz, Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 693 (Saybrook, Connecticut, Sept. ).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 290, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2.—Ames, Bull. Minn. Ac. Sci., 1, 1874, 55 (Minne- sota).—Netson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42° (n. e. Illinois, spring and autumn) .—Gentry, Life Hist. Birds, i, 1876, 147.—Mrvor, Birds New Engl., 1877, 88.—Lanepon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 6 (near Cincinnati, Ohio, spring).—Merriam, Trans. Conn. Ac. Sci., iv, 1877, 21 (New Haven, Con- necticut, Oct. 2).—Fisuer (A. K.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 61 (Sing Sing, New York, Sept. ).—Gunn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 186 (Ingham Co., and Ottawa, Michigan, May).—Cotuins, Auk, v, 1880, 50 (near Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, fall; habits).—Rrpaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 118.—Srron, Auk, i, 1884, 192 (Carberry, Manitoba, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—CHappourne, Auk, ii, 1885, 104 (Shelburne, New Hamp- shire, Sept. 14).—Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 347, 653 (St. Louis Co., Missouri, etc. ).—Goopa.gz, Auk, iv, 1887, 77 (Saco, Maine, Sept. 8, 15, 3 specs).—BeER.LEpscH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1889, 2 (Tonantins, upper Amazon, Apr. 9). [ Oporornis] agilis Coves, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. O[porornis] agilis Newson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100 (n. e. Tlinois, May 15-27, Sept. 1 to Oct. 1).—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. Geothlypis agilis GreaGc, Proc. Elmira Ac. Sci., 1870 (reprint, p. 7).—AMERICAN OrniTHOLoGists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 678.—Dutcnerr, Auk, v, 1888, 187 (South Anclote Key, Florida, 1 spec., May 24).—Cookr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 258.—Huircncock, Auk, vi, 1889, 193 (near Pittsford, Vermont, Sept. 20).—Ripaway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 164.—THompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 621 (Manitoba, breeding ).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Anclote Keys, Florida, May 24, 1 spec.).—Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 352 (Cay Sal, Baha- mas, May 7); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 156 (Cay Sal).—Wooprurr, Auk, ix, 1892, 202 (Litchfield, Connecticut, Sept. 18 to Oct. 5).—NeEnHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 250.—Gautr, Auk, xiv, 1897, 222 (Aitkin Co., Minnesota; breeding ?).—Ruoaps, Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania, May 24, June 4).—ArKen, Auk, xvii, 1900, 298 (Lincoln Co., Colorado, 1 spec., May 24, 1899).—Atien, Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Bonda, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia, Oct. 22); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (do.).—Worrurneton, Auk, xix, 1902, 89 (Shelter I., New York, Sept. 12,18). SLeiurus] agilis Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). 628 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. G[eothlypis] agilis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 521. ee (?) Trichas tephrocotis Nurrautt, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., 1840, 462 (Chester Co., Pennsylvania). (?) Geothlypis tephrocotis BARNARD, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1860 (1861), 435 (Chester Co., Pennsylvania). (2?) Oporornis varius BuaKiston, Ibis, 1863, 61 (Mackenzie R.). OPORORNIS PHILADELPHIA (Wilson). MOURNING WARBLER, Adult male in spring and summer.—Head and neck plain slate-gray deepening into slate color on pileum and hindneck, and into almost black on lores; chin, throat, and chest black, the feathers with more or less distinct terminal margins of slate-gray, these sometimes so broad anteriorly and laterally that the black is mainly concealed, except on chest; rest of under parts clear canary yellow, changing to olive-green on sides and flanks; upper parts, except pileum and hindneck, uniform olive-green, the outermost primary edged with whitish; maxilla brown - ish black with paler tomia; mandible pale brown or horn color (in dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (pale flesh color in life’). Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and sum- mer plumage, but (always?) with gray tips to feathers of throat and chest broader, the black appearing only as a broken patch on the chest. Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the adult male, but without any black on chin, throat, or chest, which are smoke gray, much paler (sometimes brownish white) on chin and part of throat; slate color of pileum and hindneck duller, tinged more or less with olive; yellow of under parts slightly paler. Young female in first autumn.—Simnilar to the adult female, but with- out any gray on head, neck, or chest; pileum and hindneck olive-brown- ish; sides of head and neck similar but paler, the eyelids dull pale yellow; an indistinct supraloral streak of yellowish; chin, throat, and chest yellowish (duller or paler than under parts of body), tinged laterally with olive or grayish. Young female, first plumage.—* Remiges, rectrices, etc., as in adult. Rest of upper parts, with wing-coverts and sides of head, dull reddish- brown, becoming almost cinnamon on the back, and tinged strongly with ashy on the pileum. Entire under parts light reddish-brown, most pronounced on the abdominal and anal regions, becoming lighter on the throat, and darker, with a strong olive suffusion, on the breast and sides. No appreciable maxillary or supraorbital stripes. From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Maine, August 11, 1876. This bird was very young; in fact, barely able to fly. A slight doubt exists in my mindas to its identity, for 1 did not actually see the parent birds feed it, though both were in the immediate vicinity and exhibited much solicitude. This specimen is separable from the corresponding ae Oe ee ee ee ee a ee ee ee ee A ns i i ks ii ee OO st BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 629 stage of G. trichas by the on, cast of the pieuia and the absence of oe on the sides.” Adult male.—Length (skins), 118.1-125 (121); wing, 58.4-65 (61.5); tail, 46.2-52.3 (49); ee pesed culmen, 10.7-12.2 (1d) ae 20.3-21.8 (20. 8); middle toe, 12.7-14 (13.7).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 111.5-133.8 (120.9); wing, 54.6-61.7 (58.9); tail, 42.7-49.8 (46.7); exposed culmen, 10.4-11.9 (11.2); tarsus, 20.6-21.3 (20.8); middle toe, 12.4—-13.2 (12.7).° Eastern United States and British Provinces; breeding from moun- tains of West Virginia (spruce belt) and Pennsylvania (Westmoreland County), New York (Delaware, Greene, Oneida, Niagara, and Ontario counties), higher districts of New England, Michigan, eastern Nebraska (7), and Minnesota (Carlton and St. Louis counties), north- ward at least to northwestern Ontario (Parry Sound and Muskoka) and Manitoba (Winnipeg, Selkirk Settlement, Carberry, Duck Mountain, Waterhen River, Swan Lake, etec.);*+ during migration southward through eastern United States in general (as far west as central Texas), and in winter south to Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Colombia (numerous records), and Ecuador (Mapoto; Machay); no West Indian nor valid Mexican record. Accidental in southern Greenland (two records). Sylvia philadelphia Witson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 101, pl. 14, fig. 6 (near Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, June).—Vre1LLot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 449.—Bona- PARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 189; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 85.—Nurrati, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 404.—AupuBon, Onn Biog., v, 1839, 78. Trichas philadelphia JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1852, 249.—RIcHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—Bonapartr, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 20, part (includes Oporornis agilis)—AvupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 64; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 76, pl. 101.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d Bie 1840 eo eo anor Naumannia, ii, Heft. ili, 1852, 66 (Lake ee Prom Ae. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 312 (Wisconsin).— Reinnarpt, Ved. Med. for 1853, 1854, 73 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 6 (Fisk- enzsset, Greenland, 1846; Julianshaab, Greenland, 1853; 2 specs). T[richas] philadelphia Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. [ Trichas] philadelphia Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 310.—Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 242, no. 3509. Trichas philadelphica Witu1s, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova Scotia).—Hoy, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1864 (1865), 438 (Missouri). zeothlypis philadelphia Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 243; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 79, fig. 3; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 172; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 226.—Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (Angostura and Dota, Costa Rica).—DreEssrr, 1 Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61. * Hight specimens. ° Four specimens. 4 The breeding range of this species is very imperfectly known, both as to its north- ern and southern limits. 630 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ibis, 1865, 476 (San Antonio, Texas).—McIuwrarra, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 85 (Hamilton, Ontario).—Burcuer, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas, Sept.).—Franrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 294 (San José, Costa Rica).—Wyarr, Ibis, 1871, 322 (Ocafia, Magdalena Valley, Colombia).—Maynarp, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1872, 362 (New Hamp- shire; Maine).—ALuen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ili, 1872, 126 (e. Kansas) ; Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (Chirua and La Concepcion, proy. Santa Marta, Colom- bia, Feb. 12 to Mar. 25).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr.).—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 98; 2d ed., 1882, no. 142; Birds N. W., 1874, 75, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 313, footnote (synonymy).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 4 (Topeka, e. Kansas, 1 spec.).—Bairp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 301, pl. 15, figs. 6, 9.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (n. New England, breeding).—Nrwron, Man. Nat. Hist. Green- land, 1875, 98 (Fiskenzesset, 1846; Julianshaab, 1853).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 61 (deser. young).—Me8arns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 69 (remarks on plumage).—Merri.1, Proc. U. 8. Nat.. Mus., i, 1878, 124 (Fort Brown, Texas, Sept. 7).—Scuatrer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, 494 (Cauca Valley, Colombia).—Ratrnupun, Rey. List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 13 (rare summer resid.).—Harca, Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minnesota for 1879 (1880), 158 (breeding in Carlton and St. Louis counties; habits, song, etc.).—RipGway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 120; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 169.—Sartvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 154.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 366 (Chiriqui; Bogota, Medellin, and Antioquia, Colombia, etc.).—Taczanowsk1 and Brr- LEepscH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 74 (Mapoto, Ecuador, Jan.).—AGERs- Bora, Auk, ii, 1885, 278 (s. e. South Dakota).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 679.—Raupn, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soc., iii, 1886, 141 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).—Luioyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Concho Co., Texas, fall migrant).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 258 (w. Manitoba; breeding in Minnesota, e. Nebraska, and n. Illinois).—THompson, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 622 (Manitoba, summer resid.; localities; habits; song).—BarcHEeLper, Auk, vii, 1890, 295 (Overlook Mt., Catskills, breeding).—Cuerrig, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San José, Costa Rica, Sept. 1 to Apr. 27); ix, 1892, 22 (do.).—Davison, Auk, viii, 1891, 396 (Niagara Co., New York, breeding).—Bownpisn, Auk, viii, 1891, 396 (Ontario Co., New York, breeding).—Goss, Birds Kansas, 1891, 579 (migrant).—ATrwaTER, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, rare migrant).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete, i, 1893, 251, pl. 13, fig. 7—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Greytown, Nicaragua, | spec., Feb. 4).—HoweE tt, Auk, xvi, 1899, 85 (near Brooklyn, Long Island, 1 spec., June, 1862).—Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 186 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).—Ruoans, Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (Westmoreland Co., w. Pennsylvania, breeding).—Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (Chirua and La Concepcion, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia, Feb., Mar.); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Mar. 17 to Apr. 7).—FLemrine, Auk, xviil, 1901, 44 (Parry Sound and Muskoka, n. w. Ontario, summer resid.). [ Geothlypis] philadelphia Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107.—Sciarer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10. G[eothlypis] philadelphia Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 311.—Taczan- owskr and Berierscn, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1885, 68 (Machay and Mapoto, Ecuador) .—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 521. [Geothlypis philadelphia] co. philadelphia Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dee., 1872, 459. Geothlypis philadelphia var. philadelphia Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 459. | | | —_—— — oo lO BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 631 [ Geothlypis philadelphia] var. philadelphia Barro, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297. [Geothlypis philadelphia] a. philadelphia Cours, Birds N.W., 1874, 75 (synonymy). S[eiurus] philadelphia Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). Oporornis agilis (not Sylvia agilis Wilson) Wootsry, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 117 (New Haven, Connecticut, May 12; see Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 114).—Merrixz, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 190 (Ebeme Lake, Maine, Aug.; see Merrill, Auk, iii, 1886, 413). OPORORNIS TOLMIEI (Townsend). MACGILLIVRAY’S WARBLER. Similar to O. philadelphia, but tail decidedly longer, and with a white bar on each eyelid (in both sexes). Adult mate in spring and summer.—Head and neck slate color, deep- ening into black on lores and rictal region; a conspicuous spot of white on each eyelid, smaller and more posterior on the upper; chin sometimes white (more or less extensively); throat and chest darker slate or slate-blackish, but the feathers more or less distinctly mar- gined with pale gray or grayish white, never forming a ‘‘solid” black patch on chest as in O. philadelphia; upper parts (except pileum and hindneck) plain olive-green, duller (sometimes slightly tinged with gray) on back and scapulars; outer web of outermost primary edged with white; under parts of body clear lemon yellow, becoming yellow- ish olive-green on sides and flanks; maxilla dusky brown or brownish black with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins); iris brown; legs and feet ight brownish (in dried skins). Adult male in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and sum- mer plumage, but feathers of pileum and hindneck (especially the lat- ter) indistinctly tipped with brown, and pale gray or grayish white margins of feathers of throat and chest broader, sometimes almost concealing the blackish centers. Young (4) male in jirst autumn.—Similar to the adult male of corre- sponding season, but pileum and hindneck duller and more brownish slate or slate-gray, lores light gray (dusky only next to eye), and throat and chest pale gray or dull grayish white, the feathers with concealed central spots of dark slate color. Adult female in spring and summer.—Pileum, hindneck, and sides of head and neck mouse gray, fading into pale gray or dull grayish white on chin, throat, and chest; a distinct white mark on each eyelid, as in the adult male; rest of plumage as in adult male. Adult female in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer livery, but plumage softer, and sides of throat and chest more orayish. Young female in first autumn.—Similar to the adult female of cor- responding season, but pileum and hindneck nearly concolor with back, etc., instead of grayish; chin, throat, and chest yellowish instead 632 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of pale gray or grayish white; marks on evelids dull pale yellowish, and an indistinct pale dull yellowish supraloral streak. Adult male.—Length (skins), 118.6-138.2 (125.7); wing, 59.4-65 (62.2); tail, 52.8-63 (55.6); exposed culmen, 10.9-11.7 (11.4); tarsus, 20.6-22.9 (21.6); middle toe, 12.7-13.7 (13.2).’ ' Adult female.—Length (skins), 117.6-128 (123.2); wing, 54.6-59.9 (56.9); tail, 48.5-57.9 (52.1); exposed culmen, 10.7-12.2 (11.2); tarsus, 20.1-21.3 (20.6); middle toe, 12.2-12.9 (12.7).” Western United States and British Columbia; breeding in mountains from Pacific coast ranges to Rocky Mountains, north to British Colum- bia (including Vancouver Island), south at least to Arizona (Fort Whipple), New Mexico, and western Texas (‘*Castle Hill to Pecos River”); during migrations east to western Nebraska (Sioux County), central Texas (Gainesville; San Antonio), etc.; south in winter to Cape St. Lucas and over whole of Mexico and Central America to Colombia (Bogota; Santa Elena). Sylvia tolmiei TowNsEND (J. K.), Narrative, Apr., 1839, 343 (Columbia R.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ).* Sylvia tolmei TownsEND, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, (pub. 1840), 149, 153, 159. Trichas tolmxi Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., 1, 1840, 460. Trichas tolmci HEERMANN, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1853, 263 (California). Trichas tolmieiti HEERMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 40 (California). Geothlypis tolmiei Stronn, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 82, in text.—AMERICAN ORNITHOLO- cists’ Unton Committers, Auk, xvi, 1899, 122.—Crawrorp, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Union, 2d ann. meet., 1901, 78 (Sioux Co., w. Nebraska, 1 spec., May 22).— Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Jan. 20). Sylvia macgillivrayi AupuBon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 75 [pl. 399, figs. 4, 5] (Colum- bia R.; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). Trichas macgillivrayi AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 64; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 74, pl. 100. T(richas] macgillivrayi Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 197. [ Trichas| macgillivrayi BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310.—Gray, Handl-list, i, 1869, 242, no. 3505. S[ylvicola] macgillivrayi Maximiutan, Journ. fiir Orn., vi, 1858, 118 (upper Mis- souri). Geothlypis macgillivrayi Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 244; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pl. 99, fig. 4; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 173; Rep. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Sury., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Monterey, Nuevo Leon, May); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 227 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Coban and Duefas, Guatemala).—Xanrtus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, i191 (Fort Tejon, California).—Henry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 106 (New Mexico ).— Cooprr and Suckuey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 177 (Puget Sound, etc., Washington; Fort Laramie, Wyoming).—Casanis, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 84 (Costa Rica).—SciarTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Guatemala).—Covgs, Ibis, 1865, 163 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, breeding); Check List, 1873, no. 99; 2d ed., 1882, no. 143; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 512.—Brown, Ibis, 1868, ' Nine specimens. ? Six specimens. *The same specimen afterwards became the type of Sylvia macgillivray: Audubon! BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 6338 420 (Vancouver I.).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Barranca, Costa Rica).—Franrztus, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (San José, Costa Rica).— Jooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 96.—Satvry, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr. ), 152 (Central American range).—Trippr, in Coues’ Birds N. W., 1874, 232 (Colorado, breeding to above 9,000 ft.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 303, pl. 15, figs. 4, 5.—Hensnaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873 (1874), 59 (Denver, Colorado, May 14 to 18), 75 (Fort Garland, Colorado, May 25, 28), 103 (Bowie, White Mts., and Apache, Arizona, Aug. 11 to Oct. 7); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 205.—Rripeway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 425 (breeding in w. and e. Humboldt Mts., Nevada, and Wahsatch and Uintah mountains, Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 121.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 62 (descr. young).—MInort, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 227 (Boulder and Manitou, Colorado, breed- ing; descr. nest and eggs; habits).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 155.—Bertpine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 526 (mountains near La Paz, Lower California, winter).—SnHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 364 (49th Parallel British America; Orizaba and Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Presidio, near Mazatlan; Duefias, Guatemala; Chiriqui; Bogota and Santa Elena, Colombia).—AmeERIcAN OrnitHoLocists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 680.—Luioyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green and Concho counties, Texas).—Merritu, Auk, v, 1888, 362 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding; song).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 258 (Gainesville, Texas, May 16 and Sept. 3; ‘‘Castle Hill to Pecos River,’’ Texas, ‘‘ probably breeds’’ ).— Cuerrig, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San José, Costa Rica, 1 spec., Sept. 28); ix, 1892, 22 (do.)—Artwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, rare migr. ).— NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 253. [Geothlypis] macgillivrayi Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 108.—ScuaTer and Sat- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. G[eothlypis] macgillivrayi Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 311.—Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 522. Geothlypis macgillivrayti ScLaTER and Satyr, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Guatemala) .—AIKEN, Proe. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Black Hills, Wyoming). Geothlypis macgillivraii ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Oaxaca). Geothlypis megillivrayi Cooper, Am. Nat., ili, 1872, 477. Geothlypis philadelphia, var. macgillivrayi ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, July, 1872, 166 (Ogden, Utah), 175 (Colorado); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Musselshell R., North Dakota).—Ripeway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dee., 1872, 459.—NeExson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 339 (Fort Bridger, Wyo- ming).—LAWRENCE, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 17 (Chihuitan and Tehuantepec City, Oaxaca). [ Geothlypis philadelphia] 6. macgillivrayi Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 459. Geothlypis philadelphia . . . var. macgillivrayi RipGway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, 1873, 180 (Colorado). [ Geothlypis philadelphia] b. macgillivrayi Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 75 (synon- omy ). Geothlypis philadelphia macgillivrayi Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, July, 1879, 164 (Fort Klamath, e. Oregon). [ Geothlypis philadelphia] var. macgillivrayi Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297. Geothlypis philadelphia, var. macgilivrayi LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan, Sept. to Apr. ). [Trichas] vegata Bonaparts, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 310 (Mexico; ex Sylvia vegata Lichtenstein, manuscript). 634 | BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sylvia philadelphia (not of Wilson) AupuBoN, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, pl. 399. Geothlypis philadelphia Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz). Geothlypis [undetermined] Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 227 (Duefias, Guate- mala). Geothlypis gillwrayi). ? Satvry, Ibis, 1874, 307 (Duefias specimen identified as G. mac- Genus SEIURUS Swainson. Seiurus Swarnson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, May, 1827, 369. (Type, Motacilla aurocapilla Linnezeus. ) Siurus (emendation) SrricKLAND, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi, 1841, 422. Enicocichla Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 22. (Type, Motacilla aurocapilla Linneus. ) Henicocichla (emendation) CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 15. Exochocichla (emendation?) Van per Horven, Handb. der Zool., ii, 1852-56, 537. Similar in form to Oporornis, but tail even or slightly emarginate (instead of rounded), and coloration very different, the under parts conspicuously streaked with dusky ona white or pale yellowish ground. Bill shorter than head (nearly as long in S. motacilla), not essentially different in form from that of Dendroica, but with middle portion of culmen sometimes faintly depressed and with the lower outline of the mandible more prominent or *‘ bulging” at gonydeal angle. Nostril and rictal bristles as in Dendroica and Oporornis. Wing long, pointed; three to four outermost primaries abruptly longest, the ninth usually longer than sixth (usually longer than seventh, except in S. aurocapil- lus), sometimes longest; wing-tip longer than tarsus (except in S. auro- capillus, in which it is shorter). Tarsus less than one-third as long as wing (much less in S. noveboracensis), its scutella indistinct (obsolete or fused on outer side); middle toe with claw much shorter than tar- sus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, separated nearly to base from inner toe. Coloration.—Above plain olive, greenish olive, grayish brown, or sooty, the pileum sometimes (in one species) three-striped; beneath white or pale yellowish, conspicuously streaked with grayish brown or blackish. Nidification.—Terrestrial. Range.—North America; Mexico, Central America, West Indies and northern South America in winter. (Three species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF SEIURUS. a. Pileum with two black stripes inclosing a broad median stripe of orange-rufous ochraceous, or tawny; a whitish orbital ring; no dusky loral nor postocular streak, nor white or yellowish superciliary stripe. (Eastern North America, south in winter to West Indies and through Mexico and Central America to Giri quis) ae ae eres eee enemies ee eerie Seiurus aurocapillus (p. 635) aa. Pileum unicolored (olive or sooty brown); no white orbital ring; a dusky loral and postocular streak, and a white or yellowish superciliary stripe. a fia wae BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 635 b. Under tail-coverts buffy whitish or pale buff, without grayish brown or olive base; superciliary stripe white, broader, and more sharply defined posteriorly; under parts more sparsely streaked on a white or buffy white ground, the streaks grayish brown. (Eastern United States, south in winter to West Indies and through Mexico and Central America to Colombia. ) Seiurus motacilla (p. 639) bb. Under tail-coverts yellowish white or pale yellow, with concealed portion grayish brown or olive; superciliary stripe yellowish, narrower, and less sharply defined posteriorly; under parts more thickly streaked on a yellow- ish white or pale yellow ground, the streaks dark sooty brown or blackish. (Seiurus noveboracensis. ) ce. Smaller (averaging wing 76.9, exposed culmen 12.7, in adult male; wing 72.6, culmen 12.7, in adult female); color of upper parts browner or more oliva- ceous; under parts more decidedly yellowish. (Eastern North America, chiefly toward Atlantic coast; south in winter to West Indies and along Atlantic coast of Central America to Colombia, Venezuela, ete. ) Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (p. 642) ec. Larger (averaging wing 77.3, exposed culmen 13.6, in adult male; wing 75.7, exposed culmen 13.2, in adult female); color of upper parts darker and more sooty, under parts less pronouncedly yellowish. (Western North America, chiefly the interior; occasional in Atlantic States during migra- tion; south in winter to Cape St. Lucas and through Mexico and Central America to Colombia) -.---------- Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (p. 645) SEIURUS AUROCAPILLUS (Linnzus). OVENBIRD. Adults (seres alike).—Pileum with two narrow lateral stripes of black inclosing a much broader median stripe of ochraceous, tawny- ochraceous, or ochraceous-buff, the feathers of the latter more or less tipped with pale olive, especially on occiput, which is sometimes uni- form light olive or grayish olive; superciliary region (broadly) light grayish olive, fading into a lighter hue of the same on auricular region; rest of upper parts plain dull olive-green or greenish olive, the inner webs of remiges and rectrices grayish brown (hair brown); a whitish orbital ring; lores grayish white or dull whitish; malar region and under parts white, the chest and sides heavily streaked with black, the flanks more narrowly and less distinctly streaked; a dusky submalar streak; axillars and under wing-coverts pale olive-yellow or dull sul- phur yellow; maxilla dark brown, mandible much paler; iris brown; legs and feet pale brown in dried skins, pale flesh color in life. (In winter similar to the spring and summer plumage but colors rather brighter, and white of malar stripe and flanks sometimes tinged with buff, though the latter may characterize young birds in their first year. ) Young, first plumage.—Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts dull wood brown or isabella color, the first with faint indications of two darker stripes, the back and scapuiars with indistinct darker streaks; wings and tail as in adults, but middle and greater wing-coverts tipped or margined terminally with pale wood 636 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. brown or cinnamon-buff; malar stripe, chin, and throat plain dull buff; chest and sides similar but duller buffy or grayish buff, indistinctly streaked with darker; abdomen white; under tail-coverts pale butt. Adult male.—Length (skins), 127-148.5 (182.8); wing, 70.9-79 (72.6); tail, 52.1-57.9 (51.8); exposed culmen, 11.2-12.4 (11.7); tarsus, 20.6-22.9 (21.3); middle toe, 11.9-14.5 (13.2).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 124.5-138.4 (131.1); wing, 69.8-79 (72.6); tail, 49.8-58.4 (51.8); exposed culmen, 11.4-11.9 (11.7); tarsus, 20.3-22.3 (21.3); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.2). Eastern North America; north to Nova Scotia, Anticosti Island, Labrador?, southern and western shores of Hudson Bay, and the Yukon Valley in Alaska (Nulato, Fort Yukon, etc.); west to eastern base of Rocky Mountains, in Colorado (Denver, Boulder, Nederland, etc.) and Montana (Fort Keogh), accidentally to British Columbia (Esquimault); breeding southward at least to Virginia, the Ohio Valley, and Kansas, probably much farther, and in Bahamas (islands of Abaco, New Prov- idence, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Eleuthera); in winter, Gulf coast of United States, Bahamas, Greater Antilles (Cuba, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, and St. Croix), Swan Island and Old Prov- idence Island, Caribbean Sea, and through Mexico (both coasts) and Central America as far as Chiriqui. 1 Thirteen specimens. ? Nine specimens. Specimens from opposite sides of the Alleghenies and from the Bahama Islands average, respectively, as follows: Ex- | Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. | fe culmen. ria MALES. Eight adult males, Virginia to Connecticut............-.--- 79.4 54.4 11.39 2200 13.7 Five adult males from Mississippi Valley ..............----- 75.2 54.6 11.4 Ane 1259 Four adult males from Bahamas (Abaco, New Providence, Run Cay, ands Green Cayislands))ss.. cue. scecr cm oh oes = cee 78.9 57.2 12.2 22.4 14.6 FEMALES. Five adult females from Virginia, District of Columbia, and Mary lands ss ncce mice oe acehes aetenit erent orem eeemearee 71.9 51 19 21.3 13.2 Four adult females from Mississippi Valley.........-------- 73.7 52.8 11.4 21.3 13.5 Three adult females from Bahamas (Abaco, Green Cay, and Mleutheraislands))<.<2- sce >=s2 soos eecee nee eee eee T453,|| OAD el De 2a aos 14 | Dr. Allen has already called attention (Auk, viii, 1891, 68), to the larger bill of specimens from Andros Island, which he considers to ‘‘ probably represent a local resident form, differing slightly from the North American stock in having the bili rather larger, the crown patch deeper orange, and the black line bordering it and the black streaks below slightly heavier.’’ I have not seen any specimens from Andros Island, but the color-characters mentioned above do not apply, at least not constantly, to specimens examined from the islands of Abaco, New Providence, Rum Cay, Green Cay, and Eleuthera. Pots, Wo ieee peer oft Ln | ihe eh leas steel’ 4 Ve Tae ee ee ew me a ee) eS ee eee eee ee ee er ' eee ee “4+ y ee : BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 637 [ Motacilla] aurocapilla Lrxn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 334 (based on The Golden- crowned Thrush, Turtus vertice aureo, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., v, 91, pl. 253, lower fig.; Le Figuier a teste dor de Pensilvanie, Ficedula pensilvanica auro-capilla, Brisson, Orn., iii, 504).—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 982. [ Turdus] aurocapillus LarHAM, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 328. Turdus aurocapilla Wttson, Am. Orn., iii, 1810, 88, pl. 14, fig 2.—SrePHENs, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 199.—Vreituort, Enc. Méth., 1, 1823, Salo eae Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 35.—Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 1832, 355; 2d ed., i, 1840, 404.—AvpuBoN, Orn. Biog., 11, 1834, 253; v, “Res 447, pl. 143.—Townsenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (n. w. United States).—Wiunuis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 281 (Nova Scotia). Sylvia aurocapilla BoNAPARTE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 77. Seiurus aurocapillus SwAatnson, Zool. Journ., iii, ot Ehiiee Mag., n.s.,i, 1827, 369 (Mexico); Isis, 1830, 1154.—Swarnson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 227.—Jarpine, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 238.—BoNAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21.—AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 93: Birds Am., oct. ed., ili, 1841, 2 pl. 148.—Gossr. Birds Jamaica, 1847, 152.—Sauus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo).—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 1x, 1858, a Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 186; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 214, 266 —Marcu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 294 (Jamaica).— GuNDLACH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 1, 1865, 325 (C uba); Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 416 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 175 (Porto Rico).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1867, 68 (Baha- mas), 91 (Santo Domingo).—LawreEnce, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 94 (Bar- ranca, Costa Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan, Nov. to Apr.).—Franvrzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, oe (San José. Costa Rica).— SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc., Vera Cruz, winter).—Dauu and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ae. Sci., i, 1869, 268 (Fort Yukon, etc., Alaska, breeding).—AL.En, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Feb.); iii, 1872, 175 (Kansas); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Fort Rice, Heart R., etc., North Dakota).—Cougs, Birds N. W., 1874, 70.—Maynarp, Birds Fonda: 1872, 12.—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 280, pl. 14, fig. 11.—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 51 (San José, Costa Rica, Jan., Mar.).—Cocry, Birds Bahama [., 1880, 70; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 34; Auk, iii, 1886, 42 (West Indian references): iv, 1887, 180 (Old Providence L., Canbbean Sea); vi, 1889, 31 (Cayman Brac, Bahamas); ix, 1892, 49 (Watlings I., Bahamas); Birds W. 1., 1889, 56; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (Great Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Berry isiands, Eieuthera, New Providence, Andros, Cat I, Watlings I., Rum Cay, Long I., Green Cay, N. Caicos, Grand Caicos, E. Caicos, and Great Inagua, Bahamas; Cuba; Grand Cayman; Jamaica; Haiti; Porto Rico; St. Croix).—AMERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Unrton, Check List, 1886, no. 674 —NELson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 203 (Fort Yukon, Nulato, etc.).—Rrpeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea, Feb. 24); Orn. Iliinois, i, 1889, 158.—Cooke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 255 (dates of migr., ete. ). —CHERRIE, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San José, Costa Rica, 1 spec , Oct. 27), Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11.—NorrHrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros and New Providence islands, Bahamas).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Nov. 7 to May 6).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 238, pi. 14, fig. 6.—Tnorne, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, 1 spec., July 23).—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soe Nat. for 1897-98 (1900), 114 (s. and s. w. Louisiana, winter resid.).—-Banas, Proc. New Engl Zool Ctub, iii, 1902, 62 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, Feb. 20 to Apr. 15). 638 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [Seiurus] aurocapillus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. S[eiurus] aurocapillus Ringway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 518. 4 Sciurus aurocapillus D’ Orpiany, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 55. Siurus aurocapillus ScuareR and Saryin, Ibis, 1859, 9 (Guatemala).—NEwTon (A. & E.), Ibis, 1859, 142 (St. Croix). a E[nicocichla] aurocapiiia Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1841, 31. r [ Enicocichla] aurocapilla Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3612. * Enicocichla aurocapillus Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). H[enicocichla] aurocapilla CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 15 (Mexico). Henicocichla aurocapilla Gunpuacnu, Journ. ftir Orn., 1855, 471 (Cuba); 1861, 326, 407 (Cuba).—Capants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 84 (Costa Rica).—SciaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Jamaica).—LAwreEnce, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1865, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua).—Satviy, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volean de Chiriqui). Henicocichla auricapilla SUNDEV ALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Foérh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico). Turdus auricapillus LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (see Journ. fur Orn., 1863, 57). Accentor auricapillus Ricuarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172. Seiurus auricapillus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 247.—Lawrencr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 14 (Guichi- covi, Chiapas, Sept. ). [Seiurus] auricapillus BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 306. Siurus auricapillus ScuaTeR and Savin, This 1859, 9 (Duefas, Guatemala, Feb.).—Moore, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 55 (Omoa, Honduras ).—CoueEs, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 31; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 297; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 135.—Ripeway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young); Nom N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 115.—Mryor, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, y, 1880, 227 (Boulder, Nederland, and Denver, Colorado, May).—Satyin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am , Aves, i, 1881, 144.—Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Anticosti I., 1 pair, July 24).—BickNeE.L, Auk, i, 1884, 213 (song).—SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 339, 652 (Esqui- mault, British Columbia; Cozumel I., Yucatan, ete.).—Srearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1886, 116 (int. Labrador, breeding). Henicocichla auricapilla Scuarer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 293 (Mexico); 1861, 70 (Jamaica).—Atsrecut, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— ScLaTeR and Satvin, Proc. Zool, Soe. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Hon- duras). S[iurus] auricapilla Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105. [Siurus] auricapillus ScLarer and Saryin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 8. S[iurus] auricapillus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 308. Seiurus aureocapiilus Bonnorr, Auk, xviii, 1901, 147 (Cay Lobos, Bahamas, May O17). Turdus citreus MituEr, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 141 (based on Petit Grive de St. Domingue Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 398, fig. 2). Motacilla canadensis (not of Linnzeus) Bopparrt, Tabl Pl. Enl., 1783, 84, part (includes also Dendrowa coronata). Turdus coronatus Virtior, Ois. Am. Sept.,’ii, 1807, 8, pl. 64 (cites Motacilla auricapula Linneeus).—Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. Anthus coronatus GERHARDT, Naumannia, lil, 1853, 58. Seiurus ludovicianus (not Turdus ludovicianus Audubon) Hamu, Tenth Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. for 1865 (Waterville, Maine; see Chadbourne, Auk, iii, 1886, 278, 279). BIRDS OF NORTH ANI MIDDLE AMERICA. 639 SEIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieillot). LOUISIANA WATER THRUSH. Adults (sexes alike).'—Ahbove plain grayish olive, sightly darker on pileum; a conspicuous superciliary stripe of white, extending from nostril to beyond end of auricular region; a triangular loral spot and broad postocular stripe of dark grayish olive, the latter sometimes involving greater part of the auricular region, the lower portion of which, however, is always paler and more or less streaked with duil whitish; a crescentic mark of white on lower eyelid; malar region white, usually more or !ess flecked with grayish olive; under parts white or buffv white, becoming pronouncedly buffy (usually clear pale buff or cream buff) on flanks and under tail-coverts, all the under parts of the body sometimes strongly tinged with buff; chin and throat immaculate or with only a few minute flecks; chest, sides, and flanks broadly streaked with grayish olive (similar to color of upper parts, but somewhat darker), the streaks on anterior portion of chest smaller, more distinctly triangular or wedge-shaped; axillars and under wing- coverts brownish gray or hair brown; maxilla horn brownish basally, becoming darker terminally; mandible similar in color to maxilla but paler brownish basally; iris brown; legs and feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (pale flesh color in life). Young, first plumage.—Similar to adults, but upper parts more sooty brown, the rump and upper tail-coverts sometimes tinged with or inclining to more rusty brown; middle and greater wing-coverts nar- rowly margined at tips with paler brown; streaks on under parts much less distinct than in adults, decidedly paler in color than upper parts. Adult male.—Length (skins), 127-139.7 (133.8); wing, 75.7-84.3 (80.8); tail, 49.5-55.4 (51.8); exposed culmen, 12.4-13.5 (13.2); tarsus, 21.6-22.9 (22.3); middle toe, 14-15.2 (14.2). Adult female.—Length (skins), 129.5-142.2 (135.1); wing, 75.9-81 78.7); tail, 49.5-52.6 (50.8); exposed culmen, 12.9-14.2 (13.5); tarsus, 21.6-28.4 (22.9); middle toe, 14-15 (14.5).° 1 After careful examination of a large series of specimens, I can not find that there is any difference in plumage according to season, some birds taken in April and May being quite as strongiy colored as any autumnal or winter specimens. * Kleven specimens. > Kive specimens. Specimens from the Atlantic coast district and those from the este es Valley average, poepeay ely, as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. | sone Tarsus. ‘Middle ‘culmen | toe. MALES. | | Six adult males from Atlantic coast district -....-........-- nSZ 52.6 12.9 22.3 14.5 Five adult males from Mississippi Valley ..................- 78.7 | 50.8 | Ast 22 | 14.2 FEMALES. | Two adult females from District of Columbia .............-. | 80 52 1 13.2 22.3 14.5 TIM, BOSSE Wh IBe Th |i 285 la de Three adult females from Illinois and Texas .. ........-- | 640 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eastern United States and southern Ontario; breeding from the Gulf States north to Connecticut (Norwich, etc.), eastern Rhode Island (Johnson), southwestern Massachusetts (Berkshire County), southeast- ern New York (lower Hudson Valley), lower districts of Pennsylvania, northeastern Ohio (Wayne County), southern Ontario (near Hamilton), southern Michigan, northern Illinois, and southeastern Minnesota (Mississippi bottoms as far as Red Wing), west to eastern Nebraska (Omaha, Peru, etc.), eastern Kansas, and Texas (Navarro County); occurring irregularly north to northeastern New York (Lake George); in winter, south to West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Antigua), island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea, and through Mexico (both coasts) and Central America to Colombia (province of Santa Marta). Turdus motacilla VitaLLot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807,.9, pl. 65 (Kentucky); Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xx, 1818, 234; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 643.—SrerHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 197. [Seiurus] motacilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 306.—Cory, List Birds W. L., 1885, 35. Seiurus motacilla Cory, Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 35; Auk, 1886, 48 (West Indian references), 501,(Grand Cayman; iv, 1887, 180 (ola Pryde I., Caribbean Sea); Birds W. I., 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 ( Bimi- nis and Berry islands, Bahamas, Cuba; Jamaica; Haiti; Antigua).—FEr- RARI-PEREZ, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 136 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz ).—AMeEr- ICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 676.—Ripa@way, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 160.—Burier, Bull. Brooky. Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 36 (Franklin Co., Indiana, summer resid. ).—Cooxke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 257 (Mississippi Valley localities and dates) .-—EvERMANN, Auk, vi, 1889, 28 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breeding).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Key West, Flor- ida, rare migr., July 16 and Apr. 6, 2 specs.).—CHeErRRIE, Auk, vii, 1890, 336 (San José, C fosta Rica, 1 spec., Mar. 9); Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (1 spee., Jan. 22).—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 576 (e. ae summer resid. ). —ArrwaAtTeEr, Auk, 1x, 1892, 342 (s. w. of San Antonio, Texas, Apr. 9).— Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1898, 484 (Beco R., Nicaragua, after Oct. 23).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., !, 1893, 245, pl. 15, fig. 6.— McIuwrairn, Birds, Ontario, 1894, 375 (s. Ontario, iresdine ee Ubrey and WaALuAck, Proc. tnd. Ac. Sei., 1895, 157 (Wabash, Indiana, common sum- mer resid. ).—OBERHOLSER, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 326 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, rare summer resid. ).-—Morris, Auk, xiii, 1896, 86 (Springfield, Massachusetts, July 28, 1895, 1 spec.).—Youne, Auk, xiii, 1896, 284 (Hamburg, Pennsylvania, breeding).—Faxon, Auk, xiii, 1896, 343 (Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, breeding).—Banes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 143 (Santa Marta, Colombia).—Roperts, Auk, xvi, 1899, 241, in text (Mississippi bottoms, s S. e. oe as far as Red Wing). ia Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Bonda, proy. Santa Marta, Calon Noy. 8); Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 ae eae Proce. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897- 9 (1900), 144 (Louisiana, breeding).—Brunerr, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Union, 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (breeding at Omaha and Peru, Nebraska). S[eiurus] motacilla Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. Siurus motacilla Cougs, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 33; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 299; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 138.—LaNnepon, Birds Cincinnati, 1877, 6, (com. summer resid. ).—LAwrRENcE, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 233, 486 (Antigua, Lesser Antilles)—Mrarns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 72 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 641 (remarks on plumage).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 133 (deser. nest and eggs).—Derane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 116 (John- son, e. Rhode island, Onegai —LAwRENCE (R.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club. v, 1880, 116 (Long Island ).—Frsner (A. K.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 117 (Lake George, New York, 2 specs., May); vi, 1881, 245 (do., 1 spec., May 16).—MereraM, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 229 (Lake George).—Rme- way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 117.—Satvin and Gopan, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1881, 147.—OaiLpy, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soe., iii, 1882, (21) (Navarro Co., Texas, breeding).—Brown (N.C.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 36 (Boerne, s. w. Texas, 1 spec., Mar.).—Bickneuu, Auk, i, 1884, 215 (song).—SHArRPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Imus., x, 1885, 342. S({iurus] motacilla Newron (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 105.—Covugs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. H{enicocichla] motacilla CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 16, footnote. Henicocichla motacilla CaBants, Journ. fir Orn., 1857, 240 (Cuba).—Gunp.acn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba). Turdus ludovicianus AupuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 99, pl. 19 (lowlands of Lou- isiana and Mississippi). Seiurus ludovicianus Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 21.—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 262; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), atlas, pl. 80, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 188; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Tamaulipas, Mar.); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 217.—Bar- NARD, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1860 (1861), 435 (Chester Co., Penn- sylvania).—GunpbLacH, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; Jour: fiir Orn., 1872, 417 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1893, 68.—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vill, 1866, 284 (vicinity of New York City); ix, 1868, 94 (Barranca, Costa Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan; oe Madre de Colima, Dec.; coast ranges of w. Mexico, Jan., Apr.); Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Barrio and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Sept., TanseCone! Check List, 1873, no. 94; Birds N. W., 1874, 72.—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, eck Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 287, pl. 14, fig. 13; 1874, 506 (Norwich, Cannecnedt breeding; fo nest and eggs).— ee Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Massachusetts, occasional; Connecticut, rec diae eberpsaee Ann. Lye. N. Y., xi, 1875, 136 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia; habits; song). [Seiurus] ludovicianus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106. Sturus ludovicianus Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Totontepec, Oaxaca).—Satvin and Sciarer, Ibis, 1860, 273 (Alotenango, Volcan de Fuego, and Coban, Guatemala, Sept. to Nov.).— Netson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42 (n. e. Illinois, breeding ).—Covert, Oologist, iv, 1878, 10 (descr. nest and eggs).—Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, , 1881, 151 ( Haiti).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, 440. [Siurus] ludovicianus ScLaTeR and Sauyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8 S[iurus] ludovicianus Nevson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. Hlinois, common summer resid. ). Sciurus ludovicianus Trippr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 234 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, s. Iowa, breeding). Henicocichla ludoviciana Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Jamaica).—ALBRECHT, Journ. fur Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).—Satvin, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 183 (Bugabi, Veragua). [ Enicocichla] ludoviciana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3613. H{enicocichla] major CaBants, Mus. Hein., i., 1850, 16 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus. ). 3654—VvOL 2—01——-4] 642 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fenicocichla major CABANIs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1857, 240 (Cuba). Enicocichla major BrEwErR, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). Seiurus noveboracensis (not Motacilla noveboracensis Gmelin) AupuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 93, part. (2) Siurus noveboracensis Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477, part (Medina R., Texas, ‘‘all the summer,’’ fide Heermann). (?) Seiwrus colombianus Lesson, Deser. Mam. et Ois., 1847, 294 (Colombia) . SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmelin). WATER-THRUSH. Adults (sexes alike).—Above plain olive; a broad superciliary stripe of buff, extending from nostril.to sides of nape; a triangular spot of dusky olive in front of eye, and a broad postocular streak of the same; a crescentic mark of light buffy on lower eyelid; suborbital and auric- ular regions streaked with olive and yellowish or pale buffy; broad malar stripe and under parts pale yellow (primrose yellow to straw yellow)—rarely nearly white—the chest, sides, and flanks more or less broadly streaked with dark sooty olive (sometimes nearly black), the lower throat with shorter triangular or wedge-shaped marks, the upper throat usually with small triangular spots or flecks, of the same; under tail-coverts with concealed portion extensively olive or grayish olive; bill dusky brown, the mandible paler, especially in winter; iris brown; legs and feet clear brown (in dried skins). Young, first plumage.—Above olive, the feathers with a subter- minal bar of dusky and a terminal bar of buff, producing a conspicu- ous transversely mottled appearance; wings and tail as in adults, but middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with buff, forming two nar- row bands across wing; superciliary stripe less distinct than in adult, finely streaked with dusky; whole throat, chest, and sides of breast heavily streaked with dusky or dark sooty, on a pale buff-yellowish ground, the streaks much less sharply defined than in adults; rest of under parts pale straw or primrose yellow, the sides and flanks mottled or clouded with dusky. Adult male.—Length (skins), 125.5-142.7 (135.1); wing, 75.4—-80 (76.7); tail, 45-53.6 (51.3); exposed culmen, 11.9-14 (12.7); tarsus, 19.8—22.3 (21.3); middle toe, 12.9-14 (13.5).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 118.4-188.7 (130.5); wing, 68.3-75.7 (72.6); tail, 45-52.1 (49.5); exposed culmen, 10.9-14.7 (12.7); tarsus, 20.3-21.6 (21.1); middle toe, 12.4-13.7 (13.2).’ Eastern North America; north to Davis Inlet, Newfoundland, and shores of Hudson Bay;* breeding southward to northern New England, mountains of Pennsylvania (Clearfield, Elk, Cambria, and Lycoming ' Nine specimens. * Hight specimens. ’ Breeding birds from the western side of Hudson Bay are intermediate between this form and S. n. notabilis. eof ee 2 DP ee et ed BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 643 ounties) and West Virginia (spruce belt), southern Michigan (7), north- ‘astern Hlinois (2), etc.; in winter southward throughout West Indies and along eastern coast districts of Central America to Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Brazil (4), Trinidad, and Tobago, and to Swan Island and Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea.’ Occasional in Bermudas; accidental in southern Greenland (two records). Motacilla nevia (not of Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 35?) Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 47 (based on Fawvettee tacheté, de la Louisiane, Daubenton, PI. Enl., pl. 752, fig. 1). Siurus nevius Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, Apr., 1877, 32; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 299; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 136.—LAwrReENckE, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 54 (Dominica), i, 1879, 233 (Antigua), 453 (Guadeloupe), 486.— Kumuien, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 74 (Straits of Belle Isle, Aug. 18).—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds: 1881, no. 116.—A.Luen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 128 (Santa Lucia).—Brewstrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 239 (New England breeding range confined to Canadian fauna).— Srearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 117 (int. Labrador, breeding) .—(?) Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 440 (Yucatan ).—Daxue.eisn, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 179 (N janortalik. Greenland; 1 spec., May, 1882).— BIcKNELL, Auk, i, 1884, 214 (song).—SHarPEk, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 344, 652, part (Tobago; Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; Medellin, Bogota, and Minca, Colombia; Bartica Grove and Roraima, British Guiana, ete. ). SLiurus] nevius Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. Seiurus nevius TurRNER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1885, 2388 (Davis Inlet; Moose Factory, Hudson Bay).—We tts, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 611 (Grenada, Lesser Antilles). [ Motacilla] noveboracensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 2, 1788, 958 (based on Fawvette tacheteé, de la Lowisiane, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 752, fig. 1).—Larxam, Index Orn., i, 1790, 362. [Sylvia] ine boreicen ais LatHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 518. Sylvia noveboracensis ViEtLLor, Ois. Am., Sept., ii, 1807, 26, pl. 82. STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 681.—Bonaparrs, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 77 Turdus (Seiurus) noveboracensis (not Turdus noveboracensis Gaon 5 NUTTALL, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 353, part. [ Curruca] eae eee Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. Turdus noveboracensis (not of Gmelin) PEaBopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 306. Seiurus noveboracensis BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, pe aeicas Birds Jamaica, 1847, 151; Illustr. Birds Jam., 1849, pl. 28).—Jarpine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 82 (Bermudas, winter resid. ).—Hurprs, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 8 (Bermudas).—Hartiaus, Naumannia, 1852, 53 (Cuba).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 261; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pl. 80, fig. 'In the absence of specimens from various localities cited in the synonymy it is very difficult to make out with greater exactness the range of this form, the difficulty heing rendered still greater from the fact that both it and S. n. notabilis often occur together during migration. Nearly every one of the West Indian islands (including the Bahama group) is represented among the specimens examined, together with the following Central American localities: Guatemala Mabel, January); Nicaragua (San Juan del Sur, January 10; Sucuyd, February 12; Greytown, February 5); Costa Rica (San José). The only Mexican specimen seen is one from the island of Cozumel, Yucatan (January 29). The most western United States example examined is one from Edinburgh, Texas (May). 2— Locustella nexvia (Boddaert). $—Scolecophagus carolinus (Muller). 644 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 187, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 215, part.—Marrtens, Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 213 (Bermudas).—BLanp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 287 (Bermudas).—Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xii, 1860, 191 (Cartagena, Colombia).—(?) LAwRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 94 (San José and Angostura, Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).—Marcu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xv, 1863, 294 (Jamaica).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xi, 1867, 68 (Bahamas), 91 (Santo Domingo).—(?) FRANTz1us, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 293 (San José and Angostura, Costa Rica).—(?) Sumi- cHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, etc., Vera Cruz).— Gunp.acn, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 235; Journ. fur Orn., 1872, 416 (Cuba); Orn. Cuba, 1873, 68; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vil, 1878, 175 (Porto Rico).—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 1871, 269 (e. Florida, Feb.); Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 177 (Bonda and Cienega, Santa Maria, Colombia, Sept. 8 to Nov. 5).—Cougrs, Check List, 1873, no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 71, part.—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 283, part, pl. 14, fig. 12.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (n. New England, breeding).—-Cory, Birds Bahama I., 1880, 71; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Auk, ili, 1886, 42 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 95 (Martinique), 180 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea), 181 (St. Andrews I., Caribbean Sea); vi, 1889, 31 (Cay- man Brac, Bahamas); viii, 1891, 48 (St. Croix), 49 (Guadeloupe), 352 (Cay Sal, Bahamas, May); Birds W. I., 1889, 56; Cat. W..I. Birds, 1892, 119 (Gt. Bahama, Abaco, Biminis, Eleuthera, New Providence, Watlings I., Great Inagua, and Cay Sal, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Mona, Porto Rico, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Grenada, and Barbados, Lesser Antilles).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 675.—Rimaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Llinois, i, 1889, 161.—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Punta Rassa, Tarpon Springs, and Key West, Florida; migrant), 314 (Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida, Apr. 25 to May 2).—HaGerup, Auk, viii, 1891, 320 (Greenland).—Dwient, Auk, ix, 1892, 189 (Cresson and North Mt., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Topp, Auk, x, 1893, 45 (Clearfield Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—NeEnHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 242.—Cuapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 24 (Trinidad).—CnHeErrip, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 11 (2 specs., Feb. 24, Mar. 16).—Batry, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 136 (West Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).—Banas, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (La Concepcion and Chirua, Santa Marta, Colombia, Feb., Mar.); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1902, 62 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Mar. 27).—BicELow, Auk, xix, 1902, 30 (coast of Labrador, breeding north to Aillik). [Seiurus] noveboracensis BoNAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 306.—CouEs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106, part.—Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. S[eiurus) noveboracensis MAxrtMILtan, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 124, part (Ohio, etc. ).—Borks, Cat. Birds South. Mich., 1875, no. 42 (breeding).—Ripe@way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. Siurus noveboracensis SCLATER and SA.Lvin, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Belize, British Hondu- ras).—NerwtTon (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 142 (St. Croix).—(?) SctaTEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 145, part. (?) S[eiurus] noveboracensis Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., viii, 1876, 100, 152 (n. e. Illinois, a few breeding). [Siurus] noveboracensis SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. Sciurus noveboracensis GENTRY, Life-Hist. Birds E, Penn., 1876, 142, ere ho 5 Sete ash alt 5 BOS bw hed t,he ee ee LT a ae ee” ee a Fe * Ve Vib Rem hg + band Miele tal ol AE ity Math AIS” ag ey BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 645 Enicocichla noveboracensis KNEELAND, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 233.— Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 306 (Cuba). [ Enicocichla] noveboracensis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 249, no. 3611. Henicocichla noveboracensis CABANIS, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, iii, 1848, 666; (?) Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 324 (Cosra Rica).—GuNDLACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855 471 (Cuba); 1861, 326, 407 (do.).—SciareR, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1861, 70 (Jamaica); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25, part (Jamaica; Tobago). Atprecut, Journ. fiir Orn., 1862, 192 (Jamaica).— Scuarer and Satvrx, Proce. Zoo. Soc. Lond., 1864, 346 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1868, 627 (Venezuela); 1869, 251 (Maruaria, n. of Lake Valencia, Venezuela); 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Calovevora, Veragua).—SuNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 583 (St. Bartholomew). H{enicocichla] noveboracensis CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 16 (Venezuela). [ Motacilla] noveboracensis Turton, Syst. Nat., 1, 1800, 589. Turdus (Seiurus) noveboracensis Nurratt, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 402, part. Seiurus noveboracensis AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 93, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., 111, 1841, 37, pl. 49, part. Sciurus noveboracensis Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 209. [ Motacilla tigrina] f. Guerin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1788, 985 (based on Figuier brun de S. Domingue, Ficedwla dominicensis fusca, Brisson, Orn., ili, 513, pl. 28, fig. 5). [ Motacilla tigrina] 2. Turron, Syst. Nat., i, 1800, 606. [Sylvia tigrina] ®. Larnam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 537. Turdus aquaticus Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 66, pl. 23, fig. 5. STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 1838.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 284, pl. 433, fig. 7. (?) Seiurus aquaticus Swarnson and Ricwarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 229, part 2—(?) Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1857, 247, part. Turdus aquatius Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 34. Sylvia anthoides Vieitior, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., x, 1817, 208; Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 421. [ Curruca] anthoides Lesson, Traité @’Orn., 1851, 418. Turdus motacilla (not of Vieillot) Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 35. Sciurus sulfurascens D’Orpiany, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 57, pl. 6 (Cuba). [ Seiurus] sulfurascens Lesson, Descr. Mam. et Ois., 1847, 295, in text. Seiurus sulphurascens BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 306. E[nicocichla] sulphurascens Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 188. Henicocichla sulphurascens Gunpuacn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 471 (Cuba* 1861 407 (do.). Anthus V herminieri Lesson, Rev. Zool., ii, Apr., 1839, 101 (Colombia?; coll. Mus Rupifortensis). Seiurus Vherminieri Lesson, Deser. Mam. et Ois., 1847, 295 (‘‘Mexique’’). Anthus herminieri BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 249 (Colombia). Seiurus gossii BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 306 (Jamaica). (2) [Seiurus] guadelupensis Lesson, Deser. Mam. et Ois., 1847, 295, in text (nomen nudum!) . SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS NOTABILIS Ridgway. GRINNELL’S WATER-THRUSH. Similar to S. 2. noveboracensis, but larger, especially the bill; color- ation of upper parts less olive (more grayish sooty), that of under 646 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. parts less yellowish, usually white, with little if any yellow tinge. Young much darker above than that of S. n. noveboracensis, the feathers entirely dusky (except the buffy tip), instead of olive with a subterminal bar of dusky.’ Adult male.—Length (skins), 130.8-148.3 (139.6); wing, 73.6-81.3 (77.8); tail, 50.8-57.1 (53.4); exposed culmen, 12.4—16 (13.6); tarsus, 20-22.3 (21.6); middle toe, 12.7-14.2 (13.7).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 127.2-152.1 (139.2); wing, 73.1—79 (75.7); tail, 48.8-57.9 (53.3); exposed culmen, 12.2-14.2 (13.2); tarsus, 21.1-22.3 (21.8); middle toe, 12.4-138.7 (18.2). Western North America; breeding from Minnesota (north of Red Wing), western Nebraska (Sioux County), and probably the more northern Rocky Mountain districts of the United States to Alaska (whole of wooded districts), and East Cape, Siberia; southward dur- ing migration throughout western United States (including Mississippi Valley), more rarely through Atlantic coast States (New Jersey, Dis- trict of Columbia, Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, etc.), to the Bahamas (New Providence Island, February), Cuba (Santiago, Novem- ber 18), island of Old Providence, Caribbean Sea, Cozumel Island, Yucatan, through Mexico and Central America‘ to Colombia (Chirua, province of Santa Marta, February), and to Cape St. Lucas. (?) Seiurus tenuirostris Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., 1, 1827, 360 (Mexico). Sciurus tenuirostris GAMBEL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1843, 261 (Colorado R.). Seiurus noveboracensis Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 261, part (Ver- milion R.); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 187, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 215, part( Yukon R.; Fort Norman, Fort Peels R., Fort Simpson, and Fort Rae, aretic Am.; Hellgate, Idaho; Camp Moogie, Washington ).—HayDEn, Trans. Am. Philos Soc., xii, 1862, 160 (upper Missouri R.).—Buakrston, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan); 1863, 62 (Fort Carlton, British North America).— Datu and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci., i, 1869, 278 (Fort Yukon, 1 With only one specimen of the young of each form I can not be sure that the differences, as stated above, are constant. * Thirteen specimens. * Nine specimens. Mississippi Valley specimens average smaller than those from the Rocky Moun- tains and westward, and are reaily intermediate in size between S. n. notabilis and S. n. noveboracensis. Average measurements are as follows: | Ex- : 3 Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. Modis culmen. Six adult males from Rocky Mountains, ete-....-..-.-...--- 79.3 55.7 13.9 21 13.9 Seven adult males from Mississippi Valley........----.----- 75.7 SLD 13.3 21.8 13.6 * Mexican and Central American localities represented among the specimens exam- ined are the following: Oaxaca (Tapana, April 15); British Honduras (Belize, Decem- ber 14); Nicaragua (Greytown, February 5); Veragua (Calovevora). Although occurring in winter at the Cape district of Lower California (San Pedro, March 14; La Paz, February 24), I have no record of its occurrence in California. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 647 Alaska, breeding).—(?) Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Orizaba, ete., Vera Cruz, winter).—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 93, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 71, chiefly—Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i,1874, 283. —ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (North Dakota).—Hensuaw, Zool. Exped. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 204 (Denver, Colorado, May 12; near Camp Crittenden, Arizona, Aug.).—(?) LAWRENCE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 14 (Tapana, Oaxaca, Apr.).—NELSON, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (Yukon Valley, to mouths of Yukon).—Townsenp, Auk, iv, 1887, 138 (Kowak R., n. w. Alaska).— (?) Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 256 (Illinois). S[eiurus] noveboracensis MAXIMILIAN, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 124, part (Columbia R., ete. ). [Seiurus] noveboracensis Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 106, part. (?) Siurus noveboracensis SCLATER and Savi, Ibis, 1859, 10 (Belize, British Hon- duras).—Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).— BoucarD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 51 (San José, Costa Rica). Siurus noveboracencis Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 477, part (San Antonio, Texas, Dec. ).— Satyvrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 145, part. [Siwrus] noveboracensis SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 8, part. Seinrus (typographical error) noveboracensis HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873, 1874, 59 (Denver, Colorado, May 12). (?) Henicocichla noveboracensis ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 25, part (Guate- mala).—SciaTer and Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras).—Patmen, Vega-Exp., 1887, 274 (Tschutpa, East Cape, Siberia, June 14, 1879). Seiurus noveboracensis Cours, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona). Seiurus aquaticus (not Turdus aquaticus W1tson) Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 229, part, pl. 43 (Carlton House, British America). Siurus nevius (not Motacilla nevia Boddaert) Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 299, part; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 137, part.—Mrnor, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 227 (Boulder, Nederland, ete., Colorado, May).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 138 (Tucson, Arizona, May 4; crit. ). Siurus nevius notabilis Ripaway, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., iii, March 27, 1880, 12 (Black Hills, Wyoming; coll. G. B. Grinnell; ex ‘Grinnell, MS.’’); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 116a.—Covess, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 187.— BELpDING, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 536 (La Paz, Lower California, winter, 2 specs. ). S[iurus] n[evius] notabilis? Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 309. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vili, Sept. 2, 1885, 354; 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 162.—AmeEricaNn OrniTHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 675a.—Cory, Auk, iv, 1887, 180 (Old Providence I., Caribbean Sea); Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119 (New Providence, Bahamas).—Scorr, Auk, y, 1888, 35 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, Sept.); vii, 1890, 314(Garden Key, Tortugas, Florida, 2 specs., Mar. 26, 28).— Loomis, Auk, v, 1888, 324 (near Chester, South Carolina, Apr. 28, 1888); viii, 1891, 71 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Apr. 28 to May 28; Sept. 1-29.)— Smirn and Pater, Auk, vy, 1888, 148 (Virginia, near Washington, District of Columbia, 2 specs., May).—Cooxker, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 256 (dates of migr. )—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 574 (rare migrant ).—SouTHwIck, Auk, ix, 1892, 303 (Raritan, New Jersey, 1 spec., May 30).—RicHMonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 484 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, Sept. to May ).—FisHer (A. K.), N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 122 (lower Santa Clara Valley, Utah, May 11).—Tnorng, Auk, xii, 1895, 218 (Fort Keogh, Montana, 648 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1 spec., Sept. 12).—Roperts, Auk, xvi, 1899, 241, in text (Minnesota, from Red Wing northward, in summer).—Banes, Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiii, 1899, 105 (Chirua, Santa Marta, Columbia, Feb. 7).—Bisnop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 19, 1900, 91 (Sixtymile Creek, etc., Alaska).—Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Sioux Co., w. Nebraska, breeding). S[eiurus] noveboracensis notabilis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 519. Genus TERETISTRIS Cabanis. Teretistris' CABANIS, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, Nov., 1855, 476, in text. (Type, Ana- bates fernandine Lembeye. ) Teretristis BAtRD, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 233, Rather small terrestrial Mniotiltidee with rictal bristles obsolete, wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen, commissure equal to or longer than middle toe with claw, maxilla strongly decurved, and the ninth primary shorter than the first; the plumage plain gray above (pileum and hindneck olive-green in one species), the under parts piain yellow, or whitish with yellow throat. Bill nearly as long as head, the maxilla strongly decurved terminally, ‘rather acute at tip, without subterminal tomial notch; mandibular tomium slightly convex, more decidedly arched subbasally, the rictal portion of the commissure decidedly and rather abruptly deflexed; gonys nearly straight, decidedly shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. Nostril wholly exposed, longitudinal, narrowly oval, with broad superior membrane. Rictal bristles obvious but very weak. Wing moderate, very much rounded (seventh and sixth prima- ries longest, ninth shorter than first, and eighth shorter than fifth); wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. Tail slightly shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, slightly to decidedly rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with obtusely rounded tips. Tarsus about one-third as long as wing, its scutella obsolete or fused on outer side; middle toe with claw much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of. middle toe united to outer toe for more than half its length, to inner toe for rather less. Coloration.—Above plain gray, the pileum and hindneck olive-green in one species; beneath mostly plain yellow, or whitish medially and gray laterally, with chin and throat yellow. Nidification.—Arboreal. Lange.—Ilsland of Cuba, Greater Antilles. (Two species.) KEY TC THE SPECIES OF TERETISTRIS. a. Pileum and hindneck olive-green; breast grayish or grayish white, very faintly, if at all, tinged with yellow. (Western Cuba. ) Teretistris fernandine, adults (p. 649) ac. Pileum and hindneck gray, like rest of upper parts; breast yellow, like throat. (Eastern: Cuba.) 20a Sree Bo eae eee Teretistris fornsi, adults (p. 649) 1“Von regeril@, zwitschern.”’ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 649 TERETISTRIS FERNANDIN& (Lembeye). FERNANDINA’S WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike). —Pileum and hindneck uniform yellowish olive- green; lores (except lower portion), orbital ring, malar region, chin, and throat, clear yellow (between lemon and canary), the auricular region and suborbital region, similar but tinged with olive-green; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail-coyerts plain gray (between slate-gray and mouse gray), the remiges (except tertials) and rectrices darker, with lighter gray edgings; breast pale gray or grayish white, shading into more pronounced gray on sides and flanks; abdomen and anal region yellowish white; under tail- coverts pale grayish; axillars pale gray or grayish white; under wing- ceverts white, those along edge of wing tinged with yellow; maxilla dusky with paler tomia; mandible paler (light bluish gray in life); iris brown; legs and feet grayish black in dried skins, light grayish blue in life." Adult male.—Length (skins), 120.4-125.5 (122.2 (58.2); tail, 48.3-51.6 (50.4); exposed culmen, 12.7- 18.3-19.3 (19); middle toe, 11.2-11.9 (11.7).? Adult femule.—Length (skins), 108.2-119.9 (116.1); wing, 53.8-55.4 (54.9); tail, 48-51.6 (49.8); exposed culmen, 11.7-12.7 (12.4); tarsus, 18.3-19.3 (18.8); middle toe, 10.9-11.4 (11.2). Western Cuba, including Isle of Pines. ); wing, 54.1-60.4 3.2 (12.9); tarsus, Anabates fernandine LremBryk, Aves de la Isla de Cuba, 1850, 66, pl. 5, fig. 2.— GUNDLACH, Journ. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1853, 317 (descr. eggs). Teretistris fernandine CaBants, Journ. fiir Orn., iii, Nov., 1855, 475.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H_, vii, 1860, 307.—Gunp.acu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326; -1872, 418; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236.—Cory, Auk, iil, 1886, 45; Birds W. I., 1889, 59; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 129 (Cuba; Isle of Pines).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 368, pl. 12, fig. 1 (San Cristobal, Cuba). [ Teretistris] fernandine Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. Teretristis fernandine Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 234 (Fermina, w. Cuba). [ Teretristis] fernandine ScuaTerR and Satyrn, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873, 11. [ Icteria] fernandine Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5825. Helmitherus blanda (not of Lichtenstein, fide Cabanis) Bonaparrr, Consp. Ay., 1, Apr., 1850, 314 (Cuba). [ Geothlypis] fernandine PALMER (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 217. TERETISTRIS FORNSI Gundlach. FORNS’ WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike).—Upper parts, including pileum and hindneck, plain gray,‘ becoming more brownish gray or smoke gray on rump and upper tail-coverts; sides of head, chin, throat, chest, breast, and ante- ‘According to J. H. Riley. 3 Four specimens. * Five specimens. * Between mouse gray and gray no. 6. 650 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. rior portion of sides, clear canary or light lemon yellow, the auricular region slighty tinged with olive-green; a distinct orbital ring of rather lighter yellow; abdomen white or yellowish white, the flanks and pos- terior portion of sides olive-grayish; under tail-coverts light grayish; axillars and under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow; maxilla dusky with paler tomia, mandible paler (light grayish blue in life?); iris brown?; legs and feet grayish dusky (light grayish blue in life?). Adult male.—Length (skins), 118-125 (120.7); wing, 55-59.5 (56.5); tail, 52-55 (53.2); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.4); tarsus, 18-20 (19); middle toe, 12." Adult female.—Length (skins), 112-118 (115); wing, 56-58 (57); tail, 52-55 (53.5); exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7); middle toe, 11-11.5 (11.2).? Eastern Cuba. Teretistris fornsi GuNpLAcH, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1858, 274 (eastern portion of Cuba); Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326; 1862, 177; 1872, 418; Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236.—ALBrecut Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 211.— Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 45; Birds W. I., 1889, 59; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119 (e. Cuba).—Suarper, Cat. Birds Brit Mus. x, 1885, 368, pl. 12, fig. 2 (Monte Verde, Cuba). [ Teretistris] fornsi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. Teretistris fornsii Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 129. Teretristis fornsii Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 235 (Monte Verde, e. Cuba). [ Teretristis] fornsi ScLaTER and Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr. 1873 11. [Icteria] fornsii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5826. [ Geothlypis] fornsi PALMER (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 217. Genus LEUCOPEZA Selater. Leucopeza Scuater, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., Jan. 4, 1876, 14. (Type, L. semperi Sclater. ) Terrestrial or subterrestrial Mniotiltidee with bill nearly as long as head; tarsus more than one-third as long as wing; tail much shorter than wing, much rounded; coloration very plain—brownish gray above, pale gray or grayish white beneath. Bill nearly as long as head, moderately slender, gradually tapering both laterally and vertically, the culmen straight to near tip where gradually and slightly decurved; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch rather distinct. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing moderate; eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries longest, ninth longer than third; wing-tip about equal to distance from nostril to tip of maxilla. Tail shorter than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, much rounded (graduation less than length of gonys), the rectrices broad and rather soft. Tarsus more than one-third as long as wing, much longer than middle toe with claw; basal phalanx of middle toe united for slightly more than half its length to outer toe, for slightly less than half to inner toe. 1 Four specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 651 Coloration.—Plain brownish gray above, grayish white beneath, shading into light brownish gray laterally; sexes alike. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. (Monotypic.) LEUCOPEZA SEMPERI Sclater. SEMPER’S WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike). —Above uniform blackish slate, gradually fading into pale gray (no. 7 to no. 9) on chin, throat, and chest, the breast and abdomen still paler, or dull whitish, tinged with buff; sides and flanks slate-gray; under tail-coverts mouse gray or smoke gray, more or less tinged with brownish buffy; maxilla brownish black or dusky brown, with paler tomia; mandible similar, but paler or browner; iris brown; legsand feet pale yellowish brown in dried skins (whitish in life)." , Jnmature.— Similar to adults, but more or less tinged or washed with olive-brown on upper parts (at least on rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail) and with brownish buff on lower parts. Adult male.—Length (skins), 135-140 (187.5); wing, 67-71 (69); tail, 52; exposed culmen, 16; tarsus, 22-25 (23.5); middle toe, 13-16 (14.5).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 125-142 (136); wing, 62-67 (64.3); tail, 49-53 (51.3); exposed culmen, 15-16 (15.3); tarsus, 22-93 (22.3); middle toe, 14.° Island of Santa Lucia, Lesser Antilles. Leucopeza semperi Scuaver, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1876, 14, pl. 2 (Santa Lucia, W.1.; coll. P. L. Sclater); 1889, 395.—Lawrence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. ee 1878, 151.—Axuen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166.—Cory, Auk., 1886, 40; Birds W. I., 1889, 54; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 183.—SnHarpe Cat. Birds Brit. Nis. x, 1885, 228, 638.—Ripeaway, Proc: U.S. Nat. ie 1, 1889, 129 (Port Castries, Santa Lucia) . [ Leucopeza] senperi Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 8. Genus MICROLIGEA Cory. Ligea (not of Dybowski, 1876) Cory, Auk, i, Jan., 1884, 1. (Type, LZ. palustris Cory.) Ligia (emendation; not of Fabricius, 1798, nor Dupré, 1829) SHarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 349. Microligea* Cory, Auk, i, July, 1884, 290. (Type, Ligea palustris Cory.) Medium sized terrestrial Mniotiltidee with the commissure shorter than middle toe with claw but longer than middle toe without claw; coloration very plain, the upper parts olive-green, becoming: slate- ¢ray on pileum and hindneck, under parts pale gray laterally, whitish medially. 1H. Selwyn Branch, manuscript. * Two specimens. * Three specimens, two of them doubtfully determined. 4“Mikpos, Ary eia, in the sense of little wood-nymph.”’ 652 BULLETIN 50. UNLTED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bill much shorter than head, slender-conoidal, gradually tapering to the tip, the maxillary tomium with rather distinct subterminal notch. Nostril small, in lower anterior portion of nasal fosse, narrowly oval or subcuneate, overhung by broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles obvious but very weak and inconspicuous. Wing rather short, much rounded (sixth primary longest, seventh and fifth but little shorter, the ninth shorter than second); wing-tip about equal to exposed culmen. Tail about as long as wing, decidedly rounded, the rectrices narrow, with tips subacuminate. Tarsus more than one- third as long as wing, its scutella rather distinct; middle toe with claw decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly its entire length to outer toe, for less than half its length to inner toe. Coloration.—Plain olive-green above, the adult male with head and neck slate-gray; beneath pale gray, becoming whitish medially. Nidification. —Unknown. Range.—Island of Haiti, Greater Antilles. (Monotypic.) This genus comes nearest Geothlypis, from which it differs decidedly in the relatively weaker feet (with middle toe, without claw, decidedly shorter than the commissure instead of equal to it or longer), obvious rictal bristles, and very dissimilar style of coloration. MICROLIGEA PALUSTRIS Cory. HAITIAN GROUND WARBLER. Adult male.—Pileum, hindneck, and extreme upper portion of back plain slate-gray, the first rather darker and more bluish; rest of upper parts plain bright olive-green; sides of head and under parts plain light gray, deepest on auricular region, paler on throat (the chin whitish), becoming white or grayish white on abdomen, the flanks olive-gray or smoke gray; eyelids partly white; maxilla black, mandi- ble paler (bluish gray or grayish blue in life?); legs and feet dusky grayish or grayish horn color (in dried skins); length (skins) 145-143.5 (143.2); wing, 63.5-66 (64.7); tail, 60-62.2 (61.1); exposed culmen, 13; tarsus, 21.9-23 (22.4); middle toe, 12.9-13." Adult female.—‘*In general appearance like the male, but differs from it by under parts being tinged with olive, mixing with the gray, and top of head green, showing the slate color faintly.” (Cory.) Ligea palustris Cory, Auk, i, Jan., 1884, 1, pl. 1 (Santo Domingo; coll. C. B. Cory); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 38, pl. (4). Ligia palustris SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 549. Microligea palustris Cory, Auk, i, July, 1884, 290, in text; iii, 1886, 44; Birds W.I., 1889, 58; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 131, 156.—CHeErris£, Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 15 (Santo Domingo City and Honduras, Santo Domingo). [ Microligea] palustris Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. [ Geothlypis] palustris PALMER (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 217. Two specimens. BIRDS. OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 6538 Genus GEOTHLYPIS Cabanis. Trichas (not of Gloger, 1827) Swainson, Zool. Journ., iii, 1827, 167. (Type, T. personatus Swainson,=Turdus trichas Linneus. ) Geothlypis! CaBants, Wiegmann’s Archiy. fur Naturg., 1847, 1, 316, 349. (Type, Turdus trichas Linneeus. ) Rather small terrestrial Mniotiltide: with the middle toe, without claw, equal to or longer than the commissure, the rictal bristles obso- lete, wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen, ninth primary shorter than sixth, the under parts at least partly yellow, upper parts olive-green, and the fore-head and sides of head, in part at least, black in adult males. Bill decidedly (usually much) shorter than head, narrowly conoidal, gradually tapering to the tip, the maxillary tomium with subterminal notch present but indistinct; culmen straight, or nearly so, to near tip, where very slightly decurved. Nostril small, in lower anterior portion of nasal fossee, longitudinally oval or subcuneate, overhung by a rather broad membranous operculum. —Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather short, much rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than sixth, sometimes shorter than first); wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. Tail variable in relative length, never conspicuously shorter than wing, usually nearly the same length, rarely (in G. nelsonz only) decidedly longer; much rounded (sometimes almost graduated), the rectrices subacuminate at tips. Tarsus decidedly more than one-third as long as wing, its scutella distinct; middle toe with claw shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, separated for most of its length from inner toe. Coloration.—Above olive-greenish, beneath at least partly, some- times wholly, yellow; adult males with forehead and at least part of sides of head black. Nidification .—Terrestrial. Range.—The whole of temperate North America and continental tropical America; Bahamas, and (in winter) Cuba, Porto Rico, Haiti, and Jamaica. In only one species, G. ne/son7, is the tail much longer than the wing; in all the others it is either shorter (often decidedly so) or of about equal length. G. semiflava, G. speciosa, and G. nelsoni have the outermost (ninth) primary shorter, or at least not longer than the first; in all the others it is longer, usually longer than the third. The adult males of all the North and Middle American forms, as well as the South Amer- ican (Ecuadorean) form of G. sem7zflava, have the malar region black, thus forming part of the black ‘‘mask;” in the two exclusively South American species (4. velata and G. wquinoctialis) the malar region is yellow, like the under parts; they further differ from all the others in 1“ 6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. vii, 1890, 336 (San José, Costa Rica, Mar., Apr.); ix, 1892, 21 (do.) —Faxon, Auk, vii, 1890, 409 (Cambridge, Massachusetts, Jan. 31, 1890).—-Ricumonn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 18938, 485 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, after Oct. 28).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etec., i, 1893, 254, part, pl. 14, fig. 1.— Fremine, Auk, xviii, 1901, 44 (Parry Sound and Muskoka, n. w. Ontario, summer resid. ). [ Geothlypis trichas] Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part.—ScuaTer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. G[eothlypis| trichas Newton (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] a. trichas Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. Geothlypis trichas var. trichas Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ripaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. S[eiurus] trichas Ripaway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, Jan., 1874, 369 (Illinois). Sylvia roscoe (not of Audubon) PrEasopy, Orn. Mass., 1839, 313 (Massachusetts). Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson) Nurraty, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part.—Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 148.—Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 311 (Wisconsin).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia). Trichas marilandica AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ti, 1841, 78, part.—Wiunis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova Scotia). Tr{ichas] marilandica Maximiian, Journ. fiir Orn., 1858, 118, part (Kentucky; Texas). Trichas personatus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 433, part (Vera Cruz, Mexico).—JArping, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 88, 303, part.— Denny, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, 38, part (Jamaica; Cuba).—PRaTTen, Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc., i, 1855, 602 (Illinois). Trichas brachidactylus Swatnson, Anim. in Menag., 1888, 295 (‘‘northern Proy- inces of United States’’). T [richas] brachidactylus Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 197. Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla Paumer (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 221 (crit.). Geothlypis] trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part (Mississippi Valley). Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel IJ., Yucatan, winter).—Cooxke, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 259, chiefly (dates, etc. ).—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 581, part. (?) Geothlypis trichas occidentalis FERRARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 137 (Huexotella, Puebla, Jan.; Laguna del Rosario, Tlaxcala, Jan. ). [ Geothlypis trichas| B. occidentalis Rrpaway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 168. Geothlypis restricta MAYNARD, Am. Exchange and Mart, Jan. 15, 1887, 33 (Baha- mas; coll. C. J. Maynard'); Feb. 5, 1887, 69.—Banes, Auk, xvii, 1900, 289 (New Providence, Hog Island, and Salt Key, Bahamas, Feb. 8 to May 5; crit. ). Geothlypis trichas restricta Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18. Geothlypis trichas restrictus Cory, Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 119, 156 (New Provi- dence and Andros islands, Bahamas). Geothlypis agilis (error) Warren (O. B.), Auk, xii, 1895, 192 (Marquette Co., Michigan, breeding; see Auk, xv, 1898, 193). —_—_____». 'Type now in collection of Gerrit S. Miller, jr. es ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 667 GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS IGNOTA Chapman. SOUTHERN YELLOW-THROAT, Similar to G. ¢. brachidactyla, but tail relatively longer (nearly, some- times quite, as long as wing), wing more rounded (outermost primary shorter than fourth, instead of longer), and coloration much darker; adult male with greenish olive of upper parts darker, becoming more strongly brownish on crown and occiput, where (at least in winter plumage) the color is nearly vandyke, or chocolate brown; yellow of under parts about equally extensive as in @. ¢. brachidactyla, but less pure in hue; sides and flanks darker, approaching raw umber brown. Adult male.—Length (skins), 110-128 (118.1); wing, 49.5-56.5 (55.2); tail, 48-56 (53); exposed culmen, 10.2—13 (11.5); tarsus, 20-22 (20.7); middle toe, 12-14 (13.1).* Adult jfemale.—Lenth (skins), 112-121 (115.5); wing, 48.5-54.5 (52.2); tail, 47.5-53.5 (49.4); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11.1); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20.2); middle toe, 12.5-14 (12.9).’ Southern Atlantic and Gulf coast districts of United States, from southeastern Virginia (Dismal Swamp, breeding) to Florida (over whole peninsula) and westward along Gulf lowlands to eastern Texas (Caranchua Creek, Johnson County, January); winters from at least coast of South Carolina southward; also winters in Cuba (Matanzas, February; El Guama, March; San Diego de los Banos, April). (?) 3 Sylvia roscoe AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., 1, 1831, 124, pl. 24 (Mississippi). (?) Trichas roscoe Nutrauy, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 457. ' Eighteen specimens. * Fourteen specimens. Series from different localities average respectively as follows: Ex- «43 Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. Midge culmen. ; MALES. MenjvadwitamaivlessromublOnidarces. so cne etc sacs ease ss so cre 55. 4 52.5 11.4) 20.9 13 Two adult males from Georgia (Liberty County) .........--- 54.5 54 LSS 20.5 13 Two adult males from South Carolina (coast)...-...-...---- 54.7 53.5 11.5 Oren 13 Two adult males from southeastern Virginia (Dismal | SW ERENT) Beene ete As ram toleiaietate fous ieicinsinis: siaiclae aies steteleisinre eiiciere 54.5 52.2 1 20.5 13.2 One adult male from Louisiana (New Orleans)..........---- 56 54 1S eee 215 14 One adult male from eastern Texas (Johnson County) ....-. 56 56 11.5 PA 13 FEMALES. Eleven adult females from Florida.................-.-..---- 52.3 50.5 ATS! 20.4 13.1 One adult female from Virginia (Dismal Swamp)..-.--...-.. 52.5 47.5 11 20.5 13 Pywoaduittemales trom Cubase. see asscas sce ese cans nss Daa 48.7 11 19.2 12.5 *While I believe there can be little doubt that Audubon figured and described an immature male of this form, it is probably best not to accept the name roscoe, for the reason that there is now no means of proving the matter, and to accept the later name ignota on the principle that it is never well to exchange a certainty for an uncertainty. 668 | BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Geothlypis trichas roscoe Hasprouck, Auk, vi, Apr., 1889, 167, 168, part. —PALMER (W.), Auk, xvii, 1900, 221 (crit.); xviii, 1901, 197, in text (crit. nomencl.) (?) Sylvia trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnzeus) D’OrpieNy, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 67. (?) Geothlypis trichas GuNpuaAcH, Journ. ftir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba); 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 417 (Cuba); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 236; Orn. Cuba, 1873, 69. Geothlypis trichas Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part (Cape nate Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1871, 269, part (e. Florida).—Covrs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, 0 ‘(Fort Macon, North Carolina, breeding; habits); Check List, 1873, no. 97, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 309, part.—Bartrp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 681, part.—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 21 (Key West and Punta Rassa, Florida, winter).—WayYNE, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding). [ Geothlypis] trichas Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part. G[eothlypis] trichas Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310, part.—Rimaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] cx. trichas Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. Geothlypis trichas var. trichas Ripaway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] var. trichas Rrpa@way, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. Trichas marilandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson) AubuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 78, part. Trichas marylandica Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed., 1, 1840, 454, part (w. Florida). Tr{ichas|] marilandica MAXIMILIAN, Journ. fur Orn., 1858, 118, part (Florida; Louisiana). GLeothlypis] trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part (Georgia). Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 (Louisiana, resident). Geothlypis trichas ignota CHAPMAN, Auk, vii, Jan., 1890, 11 (Tarpon Springs, Florida: coll. W. E. D. Seott).—AmeErican OrnitHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 681b.—Rineway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 608. GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS OCCIDENTALIS Brewster. WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT, Similar to G. ¢. brachidactyla, but wing and tail longer and colora- tion brighter; adult male with space bordering posterior margin of the black ‘‘mask” white, instead of pale gray, sometimes tinged with yellow, especially on lower portion; yellow of under parts of a distinctly warmer, more orange, hue; adult female averaging very slightly paler above, with yellow of under parts (when present) of a more orange hue. Adult male.—Length (skins), 115-1 He (120.8); wing, 55-60 (57.5); tail, 51-56.5 (55.8); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.3); tarsus, 20-22 (20.9); ee toe, 13- 12 5 Hs: ye Thirty-two specimens. | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 669 Adult female.—_Length (skins), 110-121 (114.1); wing, 52-54.5 (53.4); tail, 49-53 (50.8); exposed culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9); tarsus, 19.5— 21. 5 (20.3); middle toe, 12.5-14 (12.3).* Whole of arid region of western United States; east to more west- ern portions of the Great Plains (Fort Randall, South Dakota, to San Antonio, Texas); north to Montana (Fort Custer, Fort Keogh, ete.), Idaho, and eastern Washington (4); west to southern California (Los - Angeles County, ete.),” and northern Lower California; breeding southward to northern Chihuahua (San Diego) and northern Lower California (Gardner’s Laguna, Salton River); southward in winter to Cape St. Lucas and Territory of Tepic, western Mexico Sylvia trichas ae Turdus trichas Linneeus) Nurraui, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 1, 1832, , Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 465, part. Geoshlippis fons eee Rep.. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part; Cat. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part.—Xantvs, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).—HeEnry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 476 (San Antonio, Texas).—Covgs, Ibis, 1865, 163, in text (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Arizona); Check List, 1875, no.‘ , part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Co!. Val., 1878, 309, part.—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 95, ea vin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.).—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Coic- rado).—Merriam, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. for 1872 (1873 ), 674 (Ogden, Utah; Fort Ellis, Montana), 713 (Utah).—ALuen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. F., xvii, 1874, 52 (Missouri and Musselshell rivers, w. North Dakota).—Baixn, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.—LAWRENC: Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part eee winter eee Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 204 (localities in Utah, Colorado, and Arizona).—Ripeway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 434 (localities in Nevada and Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 150, part.—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. ' Hight specimens. Adult males from different geographic areas average, respectively, as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. | ead Tarsus. Miggs /culmen. ; sabe (ee raT eee Dum 5/2 i | | us ‘ es Three adult males from northern Chihuahua (San Diego) -- 57.3 BDS5) | 11.8 21.5 14.5 Fourteen adult males from Arizona............------------- Pemtneniger 53.9 | Du 20.9 | 13.6 Two adult males from western Nevada.....-..-...--------- 60 56 | 11.5 21 | 14 One adult male from western Texas (Fort Hancock) -...--- 59 D4 | 12 21 | 14 Three adult males from Montana and western North Dakota.) 56.5 52.8 | 11.4 20.5 | 13 Six adult males from southern California.....-..-..-.------ | 57.3 54.2 | 11.2 Pile Vi 14.1 Three adult males from northern Lower California. ....-.-- | 56.3 base 11.2 20.7 | Sead 2On account of lack of sufficient material Iam not able to make out satisfactorily the range of this form in California. Specimens have been examined from Alhambra (April 2, September 8), Los Angeles (April 7), and Pasadena (November 23). I would also refer to this form a specimen from Stockton (April 13) and a breeding bird from Carberry’s Ranch. It is possible that its range may be general throughout ‘the valleys of California, except those of the coast district from Los Angeles County northward. 670 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Club, vii, 1882, 139 (Cienega Station, Arizona; crit.).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 351, part. [ Geothlypis] trichas Cougs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 107, part.—ScLaTer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. G [eothlypis] trichas Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 310, part. Geothlypis trichis Merriam, Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. for 1872 (1873), 705 (Ogden, Utah, breeding). [ Geothlypis trichas] a. trichas Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. Geothlypis trichas var. trichas RripGway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] var. trichas Ripeway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. (?) Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marilandica Wilson) Nurrati, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part (Lewis River).—Gamse.L, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 37, part (California). (?) Trichas marylandicus GAMBEL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 155, part ; ; 7 (California). Trichas marilandica HENry, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 309 (New Mexico). Trichas marilandicus Woopnouse, in Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zuni and Col. R. 1853, 51, part. (?) Trichas delafieldii (not Sylvia delafieldii Audubon) Herrmann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1852, 263, part (California); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 40, part (California) . Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, July, 1883, 159 (Truckee River, Nevada; coll. W. Brewster).—AMeERICAN ORNITHOLO- Gists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 68la, part.—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 35 (Tuc- son, Arizona).—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 581, part.—Merriam, N. Am. Fauna, no. 5, 1891, 105 (Fort Lapwai, Idaho, breeding).—(?) ANTHONY, Auk, xii, 1895, 142 (San Fernando, Lower California).—Merrity, Auk, xv, 1898, 19 (Fort Sherman, Idaho, breeding).—PaAummEr (W.), Auk, xvii, 1901, 221 (diagn.; crit.).—Bares, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 75 (Cherry Co., n. w. Nebraska, Sept. 10). | G[eothlynis] trichas occidentalis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, part. . Geothlypis occidentalis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 351, footnote. Geothlypis trichas melanops (not G. melanops Baird) ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (San Diego, n. w. Chihuahua, May 6). ? eS ee ee liana tats te aD lia GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS ARIZELA Oberholser. PACIFIC YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. ¢. occidentalis, but with much smaller bill, shorter wing and tail, and duller coloration, with whitish band bordering pos- terior margin of the black ‘*‘ mask” averaging narrower, and yellow of under parts usually less orange. Adult male.— Length (skins), 114-125 (119.7); wing, 52.5-58 (55.8); tail, 49.5-57 (52.6); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.3); tarsus, 20-21 (20.4); middle toe, 13-14 (13.4)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 108-120 (116); wing, 51-53 (51.9); ‘Seventeen specimens. Se BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 671 tail, 48-50 (48.9); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 19.5-21 (20.1); middle toe, 12-13 (12.8).? Pacific coast district, from British Columbia southward; breeding southward to Los Angeles County, California, and eastward to Fort Klamath, Oregon; during migration to Cape St. Lucas. Sylvia trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnzeus) AupuBON, Orn. Biog., vy, 1839, 463, part (Columbia R.).—Townsenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (Columbia R.). _Geothylpis trichas Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 241, part. (Fort Steila- coom and Shoalwater Bay, Washington); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 170, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 220, part. —Cooprr and Suckiey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 177 (Shoalwater Bay, etc., Washington ).—Lorp, Proc. Roy. Artil. Inst. Woolwich, 1864, 115 ( British Columbia).—Brown, Ibis, 1868, 420 (Vancouver I.).—Coorrr, Orn. Cal. 1870, 95, part.—Sanvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.).—Covugs, Check List, 1873, no. 97, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 141, part; Birds, N. W., 1874, 74, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 309, part.— Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.— Ripeway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 65 (Marysville, California); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 122, part.—Brupine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 407, part (centr. California); vy, 1883, 536 (La Paz, Lower California, winter ).— SHAkPs, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 351, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] a. trichas Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. Geothlypis trichas var. trichas RinGway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458, part. [ Geothlypis trichas] var. trichas RipGway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296, part. Trichas marylandica (not Sylvia marylandica Wilson) Nurraty, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 454, part (Oregon).—GaAmBEL, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 37, part (California). Trichas marilandica AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 65, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 78, part. Trichas marylandicus GAMBEL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1846, 165, part (Cal- fornia) . Trichas delafieldii (not Sylvia delafieldii Audubon) HrermMann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1852, 263, part (California); Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., x, 1859, 40, part (California). Geothlypis trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster) ANnrHony, Auk, iii, 1886, 171 Washington Co., Oregon, summer).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNton, Check List, 1886, no. 68la, part.—(?) Townsenp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 224 (base of Mount Shasta, n. California).—Merriii, Auk, y, 1888, 362 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding).—Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 356 (Grays Harbor, Washington). ' Five specimens. Adult males from different localities average, respectively, as follows: ' ¢ EX- Middle Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus.|~ toe culmen. cs Four adult males from British Columbia.................. 5d. 52.2 10.4 20.2 13.5 Seven adult males from western Washington ............. 55.9 5352 10.4 20.6 13.6 One adult male from western Oregon ...-.............--.- 57 56 11 20 faba eee Three adult males from southern California (Santa Clara, Base Gena aeCuCy) ic acke ee osececas ose sects cee hee one 55. 5 52. 7 10.3 20.5 13 One adult male from Lower Caiifornia (Seven Wells) ...--. ils eecrs 10 21 | 14 672 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. GLeothlypis] trichas occidentalis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 523, pert. Geothlypis trichas arizela OBERHOLSER, Auk, xvi, July, 1899, 257 (Fort Steilacoom, Washington; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus. ). Geothlypis trichas scirpicola GRINNELL (J.), Condor, iii, May, 1901, 65 (El Monte, Los Angeles Co., California; coll. J. Grinnell). GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS MODESTA Nelson. SAN BLAS YELLOW-THROAT, Similar in size and coloration to G. ¢. arizela but with the bill decid- edly larger (as large as in G. ¢. oce¢dentalis); much duller in color than G. ¢. occidentalis, with yellow of under parts either paler, less orange, or less extended, and with olive-green of upper parts duller and grayer. Adult male.—Length (skins), 111-125 (118.2); wing, 52-58.5 (55.3); tail, 47-54 (51.1); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.4); tarsus, 19-91.5 (20.8); middle toe, 12-14 (13.5.)! Adult female.—Leneth (skins), 114-117 (115.3); wing, 52; tail, 45.5-50 (48.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.8); tarsus, 19-20 (19.5); middle toe, 12.5-14 (13.2.)? Western and central Mexico, in Territory of Tepic and States of Sonora (Ortiz), Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Colima (also States of Puebla and Tlaxcala ¢). (?) Geothlypis trichas (not Turdus trichas Linnzeus) Scuarer, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 292 (Mexico).—Duaks, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Guanajuato). Geothlypis trichas LAWRENCE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269, part (Tepic).— Barrp, Brewer, and Rrpaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 297, part.— Sauvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 150, part (Tepic; Guanajuato ?). [ Geothlypis] trichas ScLaTeR and Satyrx, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9, part. (?) Geothlypis trichas occidentalis (not of Brewster ?) Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 137 (Huexotitla, Puebla, Jan.; Laguna del Rosario, Tlaxcala, Jan. ). Geothlypis trichas modestus Neison, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 269 (San Blas, Tepic, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS SINUOSA Grinnell. SALT MARSH YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. ¢. arizela, but much smaller and slightly darker, espe- cially on sides and flanks. Adult male.—Length (skins), 105-111 (107.2); wing, 50-54 (52.6); tail, 45-50 (48.3); exposed culmen, 10-10.8 (10.2); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.9); middle toe, 12-13.5 (12.5). 'Ten specimens. * Three specimens. * Five specimens. ottca ft eer prs’, ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 673 Adult female.—Length (skin), 98; wing, 48; tail, 43; exposed cul- men, 10; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 12.' Salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, California (Marin, Contra Costa, Alameda, and Santa Clara counties). Geothlypis trichas sinuosa GRINNELL (J.), Condor, iii, May, 1901, 65 (Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., California; coll. J. Grinnell). GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS MELANOPS (Baird). JALAPA YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. ¢. occidentalis, but wing and tail longer, the adult male with under parts entirely rich yellow, and with feathers of occiput and hindneck yellow beneath the surface. Adult male.—Forehead and loral, orbital, auricular, and malar regions uniform deep black, forming a conspicuous ** mask,” this contin- ued posteriorly, in an angular point, along each side of lower throat; crown and supra-auricular region grayish white, the latter changing gradually to yellow on sides of neck; occiput and hindneck olive or olive- brown superficially, the feathers yellow or olive-yellow beneath the surface, grayish dusky at base; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive- green; under parts rich lemon yellow, the sides and flanks (especially the latter) buffy olive; bill brownish black, or dark brown, with paler tomia: iris brown; legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 125-127 (126); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2); tail, 59-61.5 (60.2); exposed culmen, 11-11.5 (11.2); tarsus, 21; middle toe, 14.5.* Adult female.—‘* General color above dull olive-brown, slightly more olive-yellow on the rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts like the back, the bastard-wing and primary-coverts dull brown; quills dark brown, externally edged with olive, the first primary whitish along the edge of the outer web; tail-feathers dull yellowish-olive, lighter on the edges; head decidedly browner than the back, and somewhat rufous-brown on the crown; lores ashy white; eyelid clearer whitish; ear-coverts olive-brown, yellowish near the lower edge, and with pale yellowish-brown shaft-lines; cheeks and under surface of body pale yellow, becoming whiter on the abdomen, the sides of the neck and breast washed with pale reddish-brown; flanks and sides of the body and thighs light earthy brown; under tail-coverts bright yellow pale reddish brown near the vent; under wing-coverts and axillaries pale yellow, brighter along the edge of the wing; quills dusky below; ashy along the edge of the inner web. Total length, 132.1, culmen 12.7, wing 57.1, tail 58.4, tarsus 20.3.” * ‘One specimen. * Two specimens. ’Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 356. (Measurements changed to millimeters. ) 3654—voL 2—0O1- 43 674 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mexico (Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Putla, Oaxaca; Valley of Mexico).’ Geothlypis melanops Barrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 222 (Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Sciarer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 551 (near Putla, Oaxaca).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr. ).—Satvrn and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 151.—SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 355, pl. 10, fig. 2 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa, Vera Cruz). [ Geothlypis] melanops ScuaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 9. G[eothlypis] melanops Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. [ Geothlypis trichas] v. melanops Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. Geothlypis trichas var. melanops Rripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. [Geothlypis trichas] var. melanops RrpGway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296.—Covers, Birds N. W., 1874, 74, in text. Geothlypis trichas melanops PALMER (W.), Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 222. GEOTHLYPIS ROSTRATA Bryant. BRYANT’S YELLOW-THROAT, Similar in coloration to G. trichas trichas, but very much larger. Adult male in spring and summer.’—Forehead, lores, suborbital, malar, and auricular regions uniform black, this 8-10 wide (measured from frontal antiz) on forehead, and passing narrowly along posterior upper margin of eye; crown and occiput plain gray (light mouse gray or olive-gray), usually decidedly paler (about gray no. 9 or no. 10) next to black of forehead, the black mask margined posteriorly, from above the posterior portion of the eye to the sides of the neck,* by still paler gray (sometimes almost grayish white), very faintly tinged with yellow, especially below; hindneck gray, like occiput, but usually more tinged with olive, and gradually passing into grayish olive-green 1 Unfortunately the range of this form is very imperfectly known. The type is in the well-known make of D’Oca’s Jalapa skins, but is labeled simply ‘‘ Mexico,’’ as is also the only other specimen I have seen. Of the seven skins listed in the Cata- logue of Birds in the British Museum (x, 356) only two have definite localities, these being Jalapa and ‘‘near City of Mexico,’’ respectively. A specimen from San Diego, northwestern Chihuahua (May 6, 1891, F. Robinette), in the American Museum of Natural History, while intermediate is so much nearer in coloration G. ¢. melanops than to G. t. occidentalis that I believe the breeding range of the present form is toward the northern and western confines of the Mexican plateau rather than the southeastern portion, specimens from Jalapa and the Valley of Mexico being perhaps only winter migrants. The specimen from San Diego, Chihuahua, above referred to, is quite identical in coloration with the type of G. melanops Baird, except that the band across the crown is narrower and more tinged with yellow, its lateral arms decidedly yellow, and the underlying portion of feathers of occiput and hindneck less distinctly yellow. I would, however, unhesitatingly refer it to G. t. melanops but for its smaller measure- ments, which are as follows: Length (skin), 117; wing, 58; tail, 56; exposed culmen, 11.5; tarsus, 20, middle toe, 14.5. ? All the specimens examined were taken in February, March, May, and June. * This pale gray or whitish space sometimes apparently involves a small part of the upper posterior portion of the auricular region, ‘i: us bie ie i —— ah —= eh ee ee lil a ii re BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA 675 on back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail more decidedly olive-green; under parts light lemon or canary yellow, becoming decidedly paler (sometimes yellowish white) on lower abdo- men and anal region and changing to pale yellowish gray or buffy olive on flanks and posterior portion of sides; longer under tail-coverts, with concealed portion largely pale yellowish olive; maxilla dark brown or brownish black, with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (in dried skins), darker terminally;' iris brown; legs and feet pale brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 125-146 (137.3); wing, 60-65.5 (62.4); tail, 55-61.5 (58.2); exposed culmen, 15-17.3 (15.7); depth of bill at nostrils, 4.6-5.1 (4.8); tarsus, 22-93.6 (22.8); middle toe, 14-15.2 (14.6).” Adult female in spring.—Pileum and hindneck plain light grayish brown (hair brown), the forehead more grayish, the anterior portion of crown faintly tinged with warmer pale brown; rest of upper parts plain grayish olive-green, brighter on wings and tail, where sometimes inclining to yellowish olive-green; sides of head and neck similar to pileum and hindneck, but slightly paler, especially on suborbital region and lower portion of auricular region, which are narrowly and indis- tinctly streaked with paler; malar region pale buffy grayish; chin, throat, and chest pale yellow (nearly straw yellow), the breast also sometimes pale yellow; rest of under parts dull white, becoming pale grayish olive or buffy olive on sides and flanks; under tail-coverts pale yellow; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male, but the first rather paler; length (skins), 130-132 (131.4); wing, 57.5-59 (58.2); tail, 53- 55.9 (54.3); exposed culmen, 15-15.5 (15.2); tarsus, 21.8-22.5 (22.3); middle toe, 14-14.5 (14.3).° Island of New Providence, Bahamas. Geothlypis rostratus BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, Mar., 1867, 67 (Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas; type now in coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).—Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 73; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 156, part (New Providence). [ Geothlypis] rostratus Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9. Geothlypis rostrata SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 355.—Cory, Auk, iii, 1886, 43; Birds, W. I., 1889, 57; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892 18 119, 127, part (New Providence Island).—Ripaway, Auk, viii, 1891, 335 (New Provi- dence).—Banes, Auk, xvii, 1900, 290 (crit.; descr. ). G[eothlypis] rostrata Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. [ Trichas] rostrata Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 242, no. 3513. [ Geothlypis trichas] (. rostrata Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. Geothlypis trichas var. rostrata Rripaway, Am. Journ. Sci. iv, Dec. 1872, 458. [Geothlypis trichas] var. rostrata RipGway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296. ' Bill almost wholly blackish in midsummer. * Fifteen specimens. * Three specimens. 676 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. GEOTHLYPIS MAYNARDI Bangs. MAYNARD’S YELLOW-THROAT, Similar to G. rostrata, but wing and tail longer, and coloration much brighter. Adult male with back, scapulars, rump, etc., bright yellow- ish olive-green instead of grayish olive-green, the whitish band behind the black ‘‘ mask” faintly tinged with yellow, especially on lateral portion; under parts entirely yellow, the yellow brighter than in @. rostrata. Adult female with back, etc., yellowish olive-green (the pileum and hindneck being colored as in (. rostrata), and with under parts almost wholly bright yellow, only the lower abdomen being whitish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 130-147.3 (138.7); wing, 61.2-66.5 (64.8); tail, 56.5-62.5 (59.7); exposed culmen, 14.5-16 (15.5); depth of bill at base, 4.5-5.5 (4.9); tarsus, 22.5-23.9 (23); middle toe, 14-15.2 (14.8).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 130-137 (133.2); wing, 61-62 (61.5); tail, 56-59 (56.9); exposed culmen, 14.5; tarsus, 21.5-23 (22.2); middle toe, 14-15 (14.4).’ Island of New Providence, Bahamas. Geothlypis maynardi BANGs, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 290 (Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). GEOTHLYPIS TANNERI Ridgway. TANNER’S YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. maynardz, but wing and tail longer. Adult male with crown, occiput, and hindneck olive-green, becoming paler and tinged with gray and yellow next to posterior border of black on forehead (instead of gray, becoming broadly pale yellowish gray anteriorly), and the olive-green of back, etc., duller. Adult female with yellow of throat and chest deeper than on that of G. maynard7, but the abdomen and flanks apparently much lighter in color. Adult male.—Length (skin), 139.7; wing, 67.3; tail, 61; exposed culmen, 15.5; depth of bill at base, 4.8; tarsus, 22.6; middle toe, 14.7.° Adult female.—Length (skin), 137.2; wing, 58.9; tail, 55.3; exposed culmen, 15.2; depth of bill at base, 4.6; tarsus, 22.1; middle toe, 15.° Island of Abaco, Bahamas (also Great Bahama Island ?). Geothlypis tanneri Ripaway, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 335 (Abaco Island, Bahamas; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ); viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco).—Cory, Auk, v, 1888, 157 (Abaco); viii, 1891, 298 (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 287; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 127 (Great Bahama I.; Abaco). G[eothlypis] tanneri Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. Geothlypis rostratus tanneri Cory, Auk, viii, 1891, 350 (Great Bahama; Abaco). 1 Seventeen specimens. 5 One specimen. * Four specimens. ~_— en a ee ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 677 GEOTHLYPIS INCOMPTA Ridgway. LESSER ABACO YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to @. tanner’, but wing and tail much shorter; the adult male much duller in color, with hinder crown, occiput, and hindneck dull erayish olive instead of olive-green, with a narrow band of pale yel- lowish gray or grayish yellow behind posterior border of the black mask; the back, ete., duller olive-green, and under parts paler yellow, becoming whitish on lower abdomen and grayish olive on flanks. Adult male.—Length (skins), 180-131 (130.5); wing, 61-61.5 (61.2): tail, 54.5-57.5 (56); exposed culmen, 15-16.5 (15.7); tarsus, 21.5-22.5 (22); middle toe, 14-15 (14.5).* Island of Abaco, Bahamas.” Geothlypis tanneri, part, Rripaway, Auk, iii, 1886, 335 (Abaco Island, Bahamas) ; viii, 1891, 334 (Abaco). GEOTHLYPIS EXIGUA Ridgway. ANDROS YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. ¢ncompta, but with shorter wing and smaller bill (the latter decidedly more slender), the adult male with the back slightly brighter olive-green and throat slightly brighter yellow; length (skin), 130; wing, 59; tail, 55.55; exposed culmen, 15; depth of bill at base, 4.5: tarsus, 21.5; middle toe, 13.2.° Andros Island, Bahamas. Geothlypis rostrata (not of Bryant) Norrnrop, Auk, viii, 1891, 68 (Andros L., Bahamas).—ALLEN, Auk, viii, 1891, 69 (Andros I.; crit.).—Cory, Cat. W. I Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 127, part (Andros I.). Geothlypis rostratus Cory, Cat. W. 1. Birds, 1892, 156, part (Andros I.). GEOTHLYPIS CORYI Ridgway. CORY’S YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. flavida, but wing and tail shorter and bill longer; adult male with olive-green of upper parts greener, crown less tinged with gray and becoming decidedly yellowish along posterior margin of the black frontal patch, the latter narrower (extending 8-9 mm. from frontal anti). Adult male.—Forehead (back to about 8 to 9 mm. from frontal antiw) and side of head, including loral, orbital, auricular, and malar regions, uniform black, this extending as an angular projection along sides of lower throat; this black ‘‘mask” margined posteriorly by light 'Two specimens. The adult female not seen. 2Type in collection of United States National Museum (no. 108495, Abaco Island, Bahamas, April 6, 1886; collected by C. H. Townsend). One specimen, the type, from Fresh Creek, Andros Island, Bahamas, April 24, 1893 (no. 5808, coll. G. 8. Miller, jr.). 678 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. gamboge or canary yellow less distinct across the crown, where shad- ing gradually into the grayish olive-green of hinder crown, occiput, and hindneck, this again not conspicuously different from the bright olive-green of remaining upper parts; under parts entirely rich lemon or gamboge yellow, shaded with olive or inclining to yellowish olive- green on sides and flanks; maxilla brownish black, mandible paler, more horn-colored, especially toward base; legs and feet pale brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 137; wing, 60-65 (62.5); tail, 58.5-59 (58.7); exposed culmen, 16-16.5 (16.2); tarsus, 21.5-22.5 (22); middle toe, 14.5-15 (14.7).* Adult female.—Forehead and superciliary region (broadly) olive- yellow; crown, occiput, and hindneck deep olive-gray or grayish olive; terminal half of auricular region gray, slightly tinged with olive; anterior portion of auricular region and suborbital region olive-yellow, the latter mottled with olive-grayish; lores olive-grayish; rest of plumage as in adult male; length (skin), 144.8; wing, 61; tail, 57.1; exposed culmen, 15.5; tarsus, 22.9; middle toe, 13.2.” Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. Geothlypis coryi Ripaway, Auk, iii, July, 1886, 334 (Eleuthera Island, Bahamas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); viii, 1891, 336 (do.).—Cory, Auk, v, 1888, 157 (Eleuthera) ; viii, 1891, 351 (do.); Birds W. I., 1889, 287; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 18, 119, 126, 127, 156. G[eothlypis] coryi Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. GEOTHLYPIS FLAVIDA Ridgway. LUTEOUS YELLOW-THROAT, Very similar in coloration to G. cory/, but wing and tail longer and bill shorter, the olive-green of upper parts much more yellowish, crown more tinged with gray, and without yellow next to edge of black frontal patch, the latter broader (extending 10 to 11 mm. from frontal antie. Somewhat like G. maynard, but much more bright colored; adult male with the occiput and hindneck yellowish olive-green, instead of gray, becoming paler and grayer on crown, immediately behind the black of forehead; supra-auricular region and sides of neck yellow; general color of upper parts much brighter and more yellowish olive- ereen, and yellow of under parts brighter, especially on posterior portions; length (skins), 143-147 (145); wing, 65.3-67 (66.1); tail, 60.4-62 (61.2); exposed culmen, 14-15.5 (14.7); depth of bill at base, 4,8-5 (4.9); tarsus, 22-23.1 (22.5); middle toe, 15-15.2 (15.1).? Island of New Providence, Bahamas.’ Goethlypis coryi (not of Ridgway) Banes, Auk, xvii, 1900, 291 (New Providence Island, Bahamas). 'Two specimens. 2 One specimen. * Type in collection of G. S. Miller, jr. (no. 3896, Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas, May 30, 1889; collected by C. J. Maynard.) . BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 679 GEOTHLYPIS BELDINGI Ridgway. BELDING’S YELLOW-THROAT, Much larger than any of the forms of G. frichas (tarsus 22.9-24.6, exposed culmen 12.9-14), the adult male with the black mask bordered continuously behind by bright yellow. Adult male.—Forehead, with loral, orbital, auricular, and malar regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous black *‘ mask;” space immediately behind this black area clear yellow (intermediate between canary and naples yellow, brightening into lemon yellow on sides of neck); occiput and hindneck olive or olive-brown superticially, the feathers olive-yellow or yellowish olive-green beneath the surface, grayish dusky at base; rest of upper parts plain olive-green; under parts rich lemon or gamboge yellow, passing into paler yellow on lower abdomen and anal region and into light brownish or buffy olive- green on sides and flanks; bill black, with paler tomia, in summer, browner, with mandible paler basally, in winter; iris brown; legs and feet light brownish (in dried skins); length (skins), 135.1-140.5 (138.3); wing, 61.2-64.3 (62.8); tail, 61.5-65.8 (63); exposed culmen, 13.2-14 (13.6); tarsus, 22.9-24.6 (23.5); middle toe, 15-16.8 (15.6).* Adult female.— Above dull yellowish olive-green, brighter on wings and tail, paler on forehead, the anterior portion of crown tinged with or inclining to russet-brown; an indistinct narrow superciliary stripe of olive-yellowish; lores and suborbital and auricular regions olive- dusky; malar region, chin, throat, chest, breast, and upper abdomen lemon or gamboge yellow, deeper on chest; lower abdomen dull buffy whitish; under tail-coverts yellow, paler than that on throat, ete.; sides and flanks light buffy olive; maxilla dark brown with paler tomia; mandible horn brownish, darker terminally, paler basally; iris and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 131.6-135.9 (133.4); wing, 58. 7-59.9 (59.2); tail, 57.9-61 (59.8); exposed culmen, 12.9-13.7 (13.4); tarsus, 22.9-23.1 (28); middle toe, 15.2-15.5 (15.3). [In winter both sexes have the feathers of back, etc., indistinctly tipped with grayish, and color of sides and flanks rather paler and more buffy, but otherwise similar to the spring plumage. | Young, first plumage.—**Above uniform dark olive-brown; below, sides, and under wing-coverts light yellowish buff. Faint indications of light superciliary stripe. Wings above dark olive-green, with dis- tinct greenish edging to outer web of each feather except the first, which has a whitish edging the same as adults. Greater wing-coverts 23 rusty on edges. ‘Tail olive-green above, lighter below.’ 1 Eight specimens. * Three specimens. 3 Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Calif. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., ii, 1889, 20. 630 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Cape St. Lucas district of Lower California (San José del Cabo; La Paz; Comandu). Geothlypis beldingi Rripaway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., v, Sept. 5, 1882, 344 (San José del Cabo, Lower California; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 257; 1887, 524.—Brtpina, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 546 (La Paz, Lower California).—Bryant, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., 2d ser., ii, 1889, 20 (Comandu, Lower California; descr. young, nest and eggs, etc.).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 356 (San José del Cabo).—AMERICAN ORNI- THoLoGIsts’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 682. G(eothlypis| beldingi Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 524. GEOTHLYPIS FLAVOVELATA Ridgway. ALTA MIRA YELLOW-THROAT, Adult male similar in coloration to G. belding? but very much smaller (rather smaller than G. tr/chas melanops). Adult male in winter. Forehead, together with loral, suborbital, malar, and auricular regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous ‘*mask;”? behind this black mask a broad band of canary yellow, about 5 mm. in width; occiput and hindneck brownish olive superficially, the feathers yellowish olive-green beneath the surface, this more yel- lowish toward the yellow crown-band; rest of upper parts uniform bright yellowish olive-green, the remiges decidedly duller, more gray- ish olive-green; under parts bright lemon yellow (slightly paler on abdomen and under tail-coverts), the sides and flanks light brownish or buffy olive-green; maxilla dark brown (nearly black on culmen), much paler on tomia; mandible pale brownish basally, darker termi- nally; legs and feet light horn brownish (in dried skins); length (skin), 125; wing, 53.5; tail, 53.5; exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 21; middle toe, 1Buos Eastern Mexico (Alta Mira, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas). Geothlypis flavovelatus RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xviii, no. 1045, Apr. 16, 1896, 119 (Alta Mira, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus. ).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvili, 1896, 631 (Alta Mira). GEOTHLYPIS FLAVICEPS Nelson. YELLOW-HEADED YELLOW-THROAT, Adult male similar to that of G. flavovelata, but bill much longer and the whole crown, occiput, and hindneck yellow. Adult male in spring.—Forehead (extending backward about 7.5 mm. from frontal antiz), together with loral, suborbital, malar, and auricular regions, uniform deep black, forming a conspicuous ** mask;” rest of head, above and behind this black mask, together with hind- neck and sides of neck, light lemon or canary yellow, the occiput and hindneck faintly tinged with olive-green; rest of upper parts uniform ‘One specimen (the type). 4 ee ee?) eee te ee ee ee ee Ped Ae leat ale ee ie BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 681 bright yellowish olive-green, abruptly defined anteriorly against yel- low of hindneck; under parts rich lemon yellow, the sides and flanks strongly tinged with light brownish olive-green; bill entirely deep black; legs and feet pale brown (in dried skin); length (skin), 121; wing, 55.5; tail,54; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 21.5; middle toe, 14.5.’ Adult female in spring.—¥orehead and supra-auricular region wax yellow;* crown, occiput, and hindneck brownish olive-green; rest of upper parts plain yellowish olive-green, becoming dull grayish on ter- minal portion of remiges; upper portion of lores yellowish, like super- ciliary and supra-auricular regions; lower portion of lores pale grayish; suborbital and auricular regions light olive-grayish, more or less tinged with yellow, and finely streaked with paler; lower parts (includ- ing malar region) bright lemon yellow, more or less tinged with indian yellow or saffron yellow on chest (sometimes on throat and chin also), the sides and flanks shaded with brownish olive-green; maxilla brown- ish black with paler tomia; mandible similar but more or less brownish basally; feet as in adult male; length (skins), 118-123 (121); wing, 51- 54.5 (52.3); tail, 49-50 (49.7); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.7); tarsus, 20-21 (20.8); middle toe, 13.5-14.5 (14).° Young male, first plumage.—Above plain olive, the remiges and rectrices olive-green; sides of head and neck similar in color to upper parts, but loral, suborbital, and auricular regions duller, more grayish olive; asmall dull whitish spot on lower eyelid; under parts plain pale olive, the abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts pale buffy yel- low or straw yellow; bill as in adult female. Eastern Mexico (Alta Mira, near Tampico, southern Tamaulipas). Geothlypis faviceps NELtson, Auk, xvi, Jan., 1899, 51 (Alta Mira, near Tampico, gs. Tamaulipas, e. Mexico; coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.). GEOTHLYPIS CHIRIQUENSIS Salvin. CHIRIQUI YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. welata,’ but with the forehead much more extensively black. Adult male.—** General color above olive-yellow [i. e., olive-green], a shade lighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts, primary coverts, and quills dusky brown, externally like the back, the primaries decidedly 'One specimen (the type NE * This sometimes involving anterior portion of crown. ’Three specimens. 4 Sylvia velata Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 22, pl. 74.—G[eothlypis] velata Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 16.—Geothlypis velata Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27.—[Sylria] cucullata Latham, Index Orn., 1i, 1790, 528.—Tanagra canicapilla Swain- son, Zool. Ilustr., Ist ser., ii, 1822-23, pl. 174. (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and eastern Peru.) 682 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. brighter yellow along the outer web, grayish toward their ends, the first primary margined with pale olive-yellow; bastard-wing feathers dusky brown, narrowly edged with olive-yellow, bright yellow along the edge of the outer one, like the edge of the wing; tail-feathers olive-yellowish [i. e., olive-greenish]; crown of head bluish gray, .the occiput and nape like back; a broad band of black across the forehead; feathers above and around the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts black;* the gray of the head skirting the ear-coverts at the sides of the neck; entire under surface of body brilliant yellow, a little paler on the under tail-coverts; sides of body and flanks, as well as the thighs, olive-green; under wing-coverts brilliant yellow, the axillaries more olive-yellow; edge of wing bright yellow; quills dusky below, ashy along the edge ot the inner web. Total length, 127; culmen, 15.2; wing, 61; tail, 50.8; tarsus, 22.9.” ? Province of Chiriqui, Colombia (Volcan de Chiriqui). Geothlypis chiriquensis SAtvin, Ibis, 3d ser., ii, Apr., 1872, 148, in text (Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua; coll. Salvin and Godman).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 152, pl. 9, fig. 1.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 362, pl. 9, fig. 6. [ Geothlypis] chiriquensis SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr.. 1873, 10. [ Geothlypis xquinoctialis] B. chiriquensis SALVIN, Ibis, April, 1872, 149. [ Geothlypis equinoctialis] y. chiriquensis RipGway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. . Geothlypis aquinoctialis var. chiriquensis Ripaway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. GEOTHLYPIS SEMIFLAVA BAIRDI (Nutting). BAIRD’S YELLOW-THROAT, Similar to G. s. semiflava, but with shorter tail and tarsus and larger bill.* Adult male in spring.—F¥orehead and at least anterior half of crown (sometimes whole crown), together with loral, orbital, auricular, and ' According to the colored figure in Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, pl. 9, fig. 6, the malar region also is black, instead of yellow as in G. velata. *Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 362, 363. The measurements converted from inches and tenths to millimeters. 5T continue to separate the Central American bird from true G. semiflava of Ecuador, at least provisionally. All the Central American specimens examined differ from the single Ecuadorean skin available for comparison in shorter tail and tarsus and larger bill, as mentioned above; furthermore, the Ecuadorean specimen has the posterior extremity of the black mask continued along each side of the lower throat for a con- siderable distance, and almost forming a collar across the upper chest. Among the five adult males from Central Amerlca only one shows the slightest approximation to this last-mentioned character. Otherwise, they are all very much like the specimen from Ecuador, and it may be that a series of specimens from the latter country would show that no constant difference really exists, in which case the alleged Central American subspecies could not, of course, be maintained. ~yeeGeamaircs | i BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 683 malar regions uniform black, forming a conspicuous **mask,” this everywhere sharply defined except on crown, where the posterior margin is more or less broken; rest of upper parts uniform deep olive- green, changing to dark grayish brown on terminal portion of remiges; under parts bright lemon yellow, changing to olive-green on sides, flanks, and thighs; bill black, or nearly so; iris brown; legs and feet light horn brown (in dried skins). [In winter the plumage similar, but mandible and maxillary tomia light horn brownish.| Length (skins), 110-130 (119.4); wing, 58-60.5 (58.9); tail, 45-49 (47); exposed ulmen, 13-14 (13.8); tarsus, 21-23 (21.5); middle toe, 14-16 (15.4).! Adult female.—Above, including sides of neck, plain deep yellowish olive-green, becoming more yellowish on forehead and superciliary region; lores dull grayish; suborbital and auricular regions olive- green, narrowly and indistinctly streaked with yellow; under parts bright lemon yellow, the sides and flanks olive-green; bill, etc., as in adult male; length (skin), 117; wing, 55; tail, 43; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 22; middle toe, 15.” Young female, first plumage.—Ahbove plain greenish olive, becom- ing olive-green on upper tail-coverts and edges of rectrices; sides of head paler olive; chin and upper throat pale buffy olive, deepening on lower throat and chest into deeper buffy olive, the sides and flanks more decidedly olive; breast and abdomen pale buffy yellow. Young male (*), first plumage.*—Similar to the young female, as described above, but slightly more greenish olive above, and chin, throat, breast, and abdomen bright olive-yellow. Southern Honduras (Segovia River) and eastern Nicaragua (Los Sabalos, Greytown, Rio San Juan, Rio Escondido, ete.), to Costa Rica (Jiménez, Talamanca, San José, ete.). > Geothlypis bairdi Nurrine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, Apr. 9, 1884, 398 (Los Sdba- los, e. Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., x, 1885, 585 (Segovia R., Honduras).—Cuerriz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 527 (San José, Costa Rica; crit.).—RicHmMonp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Frio, Costa Rica; Greytown, Rio San Juan and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). Geothlypis semiflava (not of Sclater) SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 357 part (in synonymy). GEOTHLYPIS SPECIOSA Sciater. ORIZABA YELLOW-THROAT, Adult male.—Head, except chin and throat, dull black, deepest on loral and suborbital regions, duller on pileum, where passing gradually 'Six specimens. The single adult male of G. s. semiflava examined measures as follows: Wing, 60; tail, 53; exposed culmen, 13; tarsus, 23; middle toe, 15. 2 One specimen. * Deseribed from a specimen (sex not determined) collected by Mr. C. H. Town- send on the Segovia River, southern Honduras, July 8, 1887 (no. 112066, coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus. ). 684 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. into dull grayish brown on occiput, this in turn changing gradually to golden olive-green on hindneck, back, and other upper parts, the olive-green brightest on upper tail-coverts; remiges sooty brown, the tertials dull olive-green; chin and throat bright, but not pure, yellow, the remaining under parts rather duller yellow (dull saffron or wax yellow), the sides and flanks dull brownish; bill very slender, dusky; feet dark brown; outermost primary much shorter than innermost, the fifth longest; tail graduated for about 12 mm.; wing, 61; tail, 58; exposed culmen, 12.7; depth of bill at base, 3.8; tarsus, 21.6; middle toe, 14." Immature male.—Similar to the adult male as deseribed above, but pileum dull olive-brown, darker, more dusky grayish, on forehead, the black being restricted to the loral, suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, the upper portion of the auricular region being dusky gray- ish; length (skin), 123; wing, 55.5; tail, 52.5; exposed culmen, 12; tarsus, 22; middle toe, 14.” Adult female.—* Greener than the male above, and without any black on the head and face; the head a little more ashy olive than the back; wings and tail as in the male; sides of face and ear-coverts olive-brown, mottled with pale yellow spots on the lores and below the eye; upper and lower edge of eyelid pale yellow; under surface of body light fulvous yellow, tinged with saffron on the breast; the sides of the body light reddish brown, shaded with ashy; under tail-coverts brighter yellow.”* Total length 121.9, culmen 14, wing 52.1, tail, 48.5, tarsus 20.3. Eastern Mexico (alpine region of Vera Cruz). Geothlypis speciosa SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 447 (Mexico; coll. P. L. Selater): Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 27.—Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 223, footnote.—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine reg. of Vera Cruz).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 149 (monogr. ).—Satvrin and Gopmav, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 152.—SnHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 358, pl. 10. [ Geothlypis] speciosa ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 9. G[eothlypis] speciosa Rripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 525. [ Geothlypis speciosa] a. speciosa RipGway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. Geothlypis speciosa var. speciosa RipGway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 458. Geothlypis formosa (not Sylvia formosa Wilson) SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 273 (evidently meant for speciosa; cites Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 447). 1Described from a specimen (no. 169a) in Dr. Sclater’s collection, collected by De Saussure, in 1858, but without definite locality. The wing measured by pressing it flat against the rule, the tail measured to the base of the coccyx. 2 Described from no. 89,906, coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ‘‘ Mexico, De Saussure, 1858” (no. 169b. of Dr. Sclater’s collection. ) 3Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 358. The measuements converted from inches and tenths. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 685 GEOTHLYPIS NELSONI NELSONI Richmond. HOODED YELLOW-THROAT. Similar in coloration to G. semiflava baird7, but much smaller and more slender, with much longer tail and smaller bill and feet. Adult male in spring and summer.—F¥orehead (very broadly’), together with lorai, orbital, auricular, and malar regions, uniform deep black, forming a conspicuous **mask;” crown dull gray or olive- gray, at least next to posterior margin of the black frontal area, this gray continued laterally and posteriorly along the upper posterior border of the black mask, where lighter in color than on crown, and sometimes tinged, more or less, with yellow; rest of upper parts, including occiput and hindneck, uniform deep olive-green, this some- times covering crown also, to the exclusion of the usual gray color of that portion, though the olive-green there is paler and more grayish than on other portions; under parts bright lemon yellow, becoming paler (sometimes almost yellowish white) on lower abdomen and anal region, the sides and flanks olive-green or grayish olive-green; under tail-coverts tinged with olive-green; bill black; legs and feet deep horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 122-130 (125.7); wing, 56- 57 (56.5); tail, 59-64 (61.5); exposed culmen, 11-11.5 (11.2); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.2); middle toe, 12-13 (12.7).? Adult female.—Above plain [yellowish olive], the lores and supercili- ary region paler; beneath yellow, the breast tinged with ochraceous.* Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Cofre de Perote; Jico) and Puebla (Chalchicomula). Geothlypis cucullata (not Sylvia cucullata Latham+*) Satvrx and Gopman, Ibis, 6th ser.,i, Apr., 1889, 237 (Cofre de Perote, near Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. Salvin and Godman). Geothlypis nelsoni RicuMonp, Auk, xvii, Apr., 1900, 197, text (to replace G. cucul- lata, preoccupied ). GEOTHLYPIS NELSONI MICRORHYNCHA Ridgway.® HIDALGO YELLOW-THROAT. Similar to G. n. nelsoni, but with decidedly smaller bill, the adult male without any gray behind the black mask or with a mere trace of that color. The black extending 40-50 mm. from the frontal antize, thus sometimes involv- ing the anterior portion of the crown. ? Three specimens. * Translation of Salvin and Godman’s description, in Ibis, 1889, 237. * — Ceothlypis velata ( Vieillot). ° Type, no. 143333, coll. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey collection); Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mar. 13, 1891; C. P. Streator. 686 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult male.—Length (skins), 128-129 (128.5); wing, 56-57 (56.5); tail, 59-61 (60); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 20.5; middle toe, 13.5." State of Hidalgo (Real del Monte; Tulancingo), southeastern Mexico. Genus CHAMATHLYPIS Ridgway. Chamexthlypis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, Sept., 1887, 525. (Type, Geothlypis poliocephala Baird. ) Similar in general appearance to Geothlypis, but tail longer than wing, graduated;” bill very stout, with culmen strongly curved (much as in Jeteria); tarsus nearly half as long as wing, or at least much nearer one-half than one-third as long; no black on forehead nor auricu- lars in adult males; sexes alike, or at least not very different, in color. Bill much shorter than head, stout (depth at base equal to nearly half the length of exposed culmen); culmen strongly curved; max- illary tomium distinctly concave or arched, with distinct subterminal notch; mandibular tomium slightly but distinctly convex; gonys nearly straight. Nostril longitudinally oval, in lower anterior portion of nasal fosse, overhung by a broad membraneous operculum. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing short, much rounded (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fourth or about equal to third); wing-tip shorter than exposed culmen. Tail decidedly longer than wing, graduated, the’ rectrices acuminate or subacuminate at tip. Tarsus nearly half as long as wing, or at least very much more than one-third as long, its scutella indistinct or obsolete on outer side; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for basal half (or slightly more) to outer toe, separated for most of its length from inner toe. Coloration.—Olive-greenish above, yellow or yellowish beneath; adults with pileum gray and lores black. Sexes alike, or nearly so. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Northern Mexico (including southern Texas) to Chiriqui. This genus is very much like Geothlypis as to general appearance, but quite distinct structurally, in which respect it comes much nearer to Icterta. From the latter it differs in its shorter and more rounded wing, more graduated tail with pointed rectrices, longer tarsi, and stouter feet. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHAM#THLYPIS. a. A white or pale yellow spot on each eyelid (largest on the lower). (Chamethlypis poliocephala. ) b. Crown gray; lores black. (Adults. ) 1 Two specimens; a third, too much worn for measurement of wing and tail, agrees with the other two in absence of any gray on the head; the exposed culmen measures 10, the tarsus 20. 2Only one species among the seventeen of Geothlypis has the tail longer than the wing. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 687 ce. Duller olive-green above, paler yellow below, the abdomen and anal region distinctly paler (often buffy whitish); wing and tail longer, bill and feet smaller (wing averaging 58.2, tail 62.2, exposed culmen 11.5, tarsus 21.6 in male; 54.5, 59.5, 11.5, and 20.8 in female). (Mexico in general, from States of Morelos and Michoacan north to Sinaloa and to lower Rio Grande Val- ley of Texas. ) Chamethlypis poliocephala poliocephala, adult male and female (p. 687) cc. Brighter olive-green above, brighter and wholly yellow! below; wing and tail shorter, bill and feet larger (wing averaging 55.6, tail 59.9, exposed culmen 12.3, tarsus 22.2 in male).? (Southeastern Mexico, from State of Vera Cruz to Chiapas, Tabasco, Campéche, and Yucatan. ) Chamethlypis poliocephala palpebralis, adult male and female (p. 689) bb. Crown grayish brown, but slightly different from color of back; lores not black. (Immature male and female.*) aa. No white or yellow marks on eyelids. (Chamethlypis caninucha. ) b. Crown gray; lores black. (Guatemala to Chiriqui. ) Chamethlypis caninucha, adult male and female (p. 689) bb. Crown olive or olive-brown, like back; lores not black. Chamethlypis caninucha, immature male and female (p. 689) CHAMAETHLYPIS POLIOCEPHALA POLIOCEPHALA (Baird). RALPH'S GROUND-CHAT. Adults in spring and summer (sexes alike).-—Lores black, this extend- ing beneath the lower eyelid and sometimes narrowly crossing the anterior portion of forehead; pileum gray (no. 6), narrowly and indis- tinctly streaked with olive, passing gradually into dull grayish olive- green on back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials; primaries, upper tail-coverts, and tail brighter, more yellowish, olive-green; upper eye- lid white for posterior half or more, lower eyelid white for its entire length; auricular region grayish, tinged with olive, the lower portion more yellowish; malar region, chin, throat, chest, and breast canarv yellow (much paler in worn plumage), fading into buffy whitish on abdomen; sides and flanks light buffy olive; under tail-coverts pale yel- low; thighs similar in color to flanks, but paler; maxilla dusky brown with paler tomia; mandible pale brownish (pale flesh color or lilaceous in life’); legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins). Adults in autumn and winter.—Similar to the spring and summer plumage, but plumage softer, more blended; back, etc., more buffy olive or light olive-brown; feathers of pileum (at least the occiput) tipped with brown, and flanks more decidedly buffy. Immature male and female.—Similar in general to the adult plum- age, but duller, the pileum concolor with back, or nearly so, and lores dull brownish gray or dusky, not distinctly different from color of pileum. ' Except on sides, flanks, and thighs, which are brownish buffy or buffy olive. » No females of this form seen by me. * Only immature specimens of C. p. poliocephala examined. 688 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult male.—Length (skins), 131-143 (135.8); wing, 55-62 (58.2); tail, 56-67 (62.2); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11.5); tarsus, 20-23 (21.6); middle toe, 138-16 (14.6).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 127-135 (132.7); wing, 51-55 (54.5); tail, 55-60 (58.2); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.5); tarsus, 19-21 (20.8); middle toe, 138-15 (14.2).” Northern, western, and central Mexico; south to States of Morelos (Yautepec, January) and Michoacan (Querendaro, August), north to State of Sinaloa (vicinity of Mazatlan) and to the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas (Brownsville). Geothlypis poliocephala Batrp, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 225 (Mazatlan, Sinaloa, w. Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.).—Ripeway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296 (Mazatlan).—Lawrencr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 269 (Mazatlan).—Satvin and Gopmay, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 154, pl. 9, fig. 3 (Mazatlan).—SnHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 359, part (Presidio, near Mazatlan). [ Geothlypis] poliocephala ScLaTeR and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. G[eothlypis] poliocephala RipGway, Man. N. Aim. Birds, 1887, 526. [ Trichas] poliocephala Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 242, no. 3507. [Geothlypis poliocephala] a. poliocephala Ripaway, Am. Jour. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 459. Geothlypis poliocephala var. poliocephala Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 459. [ Geothlypis poliocephala] var. poliocephala Ripaway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridg- way’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 296. [Geothlypis poliocephala] a. G. poliocephala SuHarrr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 360, over list of specimens. Geothlypis poliocephala palpebralis (not G. palpebralis Ridgway) ALLEN, Auk, viii, 1891, 316 (Brownsville, Texas). 1Ten specimens. 2Six specimens. Specimens from Mexico compare in average measurements with those from Brownsville, Texas, as follows: Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. ee culmen. ; MALES. Three adult males from Mexico (Sinaloa, Tepic, and IMOLElOS) ac ox. ceuwisd tbatcnme meena aedoanan seecodec cee ee oer 60 64.5 11 22 13.2 | | Seven adult males from Brownsville, Texas .........-..---- 57.4 61.1 7. 21.5 15.1 FEMALES. | Three adult females from Mexico (Sinaloa, Michoacan, and | ; Morelos)! . Seed k seem eee s Rete oP eee B57. 66 NLL est Seat 14.1 Three adult females from Brownsville, Texas ............-- 54.5 58.2 | 11.5 20.8 14.2 The series from Mexico is a very unsatisfactory one, but such as it is it seems to invalidate the claims of G. p. ralphi as a recognizable form. id i ee ~ 2 cee ~~ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi Ripaw ay, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, no. 964, Feb. 5, 1894, 692 (Brownsville, Texas; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.); Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 608.—AmeERICAN OrNiTHOLOGISTS’ Unton Commirrer, Auk, xii, 1895, 165; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 682. 1. CHAMZETHLYPIS POLIOCEPHALA PALPEBRALIS Ridgway. MIRADOR GROUND-CHAT. Similar to Cp. poliocephala, but much more brightly colored, the under parts entirely yellow (lemon or gamboge), except sides and flanks, which are browner or more deeply buffy olive than in G. p. poliocephala; wpper parts deeper olive; wing and tail shorter, bill «nd feet larger. Adult male.—Length (skins), 126-142 (183.8); wing, 51-61 (55.6); tail, 54-65 (59.9); exposed culmen, 11-14 (12.3); tarsus, 20-25 (29.2); middle toe, 14-16 (14.8)." Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Mirador; San Andreas Tuxtla), Oaxaca’, Chiapas (Palenque; Ocozucuantla), Tabasco (Monte- cristo), Campéche (Campéche), and Yucatan (Merida; Progreso; La Vega; Chichen Itza). Trichas delafieldi (not Sylvia delafieldiit Audubon) Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 293 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yucatan).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (Vera Cruz, hot region?).—Satvin, Ibis, 1872, 149, part (monogr.).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 359, part, pl. 9, fig. 3. [| Geothlypis| poliocephala ScLATER and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. G[eothlypis| palpebralis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 526 (Mirador, Vera Cruz, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Geothlypis (Chamethlypis) palpebralis Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1587, 592; 2d ed., 1896, 614. CHAMAZTHLYPIS CANINUCHA Ridgway. CENTRAL AMERICAN GROUND-CHAT. Similar to C. poliocephala palpebratis, but without any white or yel- lowish on eyelids. Adult mate.—Length (skins), 116-1386 (126. Os aane es 52-57 (55. 5); ISey enteen specimens, those from eee Tocouties averaging, Petal as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing.}| Tail. posed | Tarsus. \ aes /culmen, : = n a = = | = a a mhreeaduiltsmalesfromiaViens,.Criz2.2ecss-ceee lec en coe 56.6 60 | 12 21S 14.6 Six adult males from Chiapas...............- Se AeA Ue Lee 55.8 58.8 11.8 D2 Ti le wales MwowdultsmalessiromMurabascotas-seeees a5 5-20 ee oes eee 52 60.5 12.5 23 15.5 Two adult males from Campéche.......- BS een Taps Waa Sypamiiae 56 60 12 D0 eae ald | Hounmacdultmeales: from - Muacataness sos sess —cjcnice cece e eke 56 61 13.2 23 15 No faales. of this form have been seen oe me, 3694—VOL 2—01——44 690 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tail, 55.5-61 (57.9); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.8); tarsus, 20-23 (22.3); middle toe, 13-16 (14.4).' Adult female.—Length (skins), 122-130 (125.4); ee 51.5-55 (53.6); tail, 54-61 (55.8); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.3); tarsus, 21-23 (22); middle toe, 18-16 (14.3).” Having but a single Guatemalan specimen (the type of Geothlypis poliocephala, var. caninucha) for comparison with the Central American series, I for the present unite all under one name. The single Guatemalan specimen has the gray of the pileum extended over the hindneck, which apparently is not the case with any of the specimens from farther southward, and it has the wing and tail longer; but a series from Guatemala might show that these differences are not constant. Central America, from Guatemala (Retalhuleu) to Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete). Geothlypis equinoctialis (not Motacilla xquinoctialis Gmelin) SALvIN and ScLaTEr, Ibis, 1860, 273 (Duenas, Guatemala). Geothlypis poliocephala, part, Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 225 (Retalhuleu, Guatemala). Geothlypis poliocephala (not of Baird) Satvry, Ibis, 1870, 114 (Costa Rica).— Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 359, part, pl. 9, fig. 4 (British Hon- duras; Retalhuleu, San Gerénimo, and Duenas, Guatemala). Geothlypis poliocephala, var. caninucha Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dee., 1872 459; in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s Hist. N. Am. Birds, i fa 296. [ Geothlypis poliocephala] B. caninucha Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Bei iv., Dec., 1872, 459 (Retalhuleu, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). oe poliocephala . . . var. caninucha Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San José, Costa Rica). Gastiinns caninucha Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 153, part, pl. 9, fig. 2 (Patio Bolas, ete., Guatemala; Costa Rica).—ZELEpDoN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Rica); Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Los Anonas, Costa Rica).—UNbDERwoop, Ibis, 1896, 434 ( Volean de Miravalles, Costa Rica). [ Geothlypis poliocephala] 6. G. caninucha Suarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 360, in list of specimens, part (Costa Rica). 'lifteen specimens. * Hight specimens. Specimens from different localities average, respectively, as follows: Ex- ee Locality. Wing.| Tail. | posed | Tarsus. Micde culmen. we MALES. One adult male (type) from Guatemala (Retalhuleu) ..-.--- 58 59 12 23 15 Two adult males from Honduras (San Pedro) ....-.-.--.------ 56 57.5 12 22 14 Two adult males from Nicaragua (Rio Escondido) -....-.-.-- 53.5 55.5 13 23 15.5 Seven adult males from Costa Rica (San José).....--..------ 56. 2 58. 6 11.7 22 V4 Three adult males from Chiriqui (Boquete) -...-.-..-.-..----- 54 58 11 22.5 14.7 FEMALES. Two adult females from Nicaragua (Rio Escondido and VT SF UN SD) 0 owatonna tt area 55 52.5 11.5 21.5 15 Three adult females from Costa Rica (San José) ....-....-- 53 59 1S 22.3 13.7 Three adult females from Chiriqui (Boquete, etc.)......---- 53.6 55.8 11.3 22 14.3 yh whe 5? pele * ee ee eS ee ee ie Oe sipbaigie es els} ies OF ee PAK) Ae 8 oe eh BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 691 Geothlypis caninucha icterotis RipGway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xi, sig. 34, Sept. 20, 1889, 539 (Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—CHerrigz, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 526 (San José, Costa Rica; crit.); Auk, ix, 1892, 22 (San José).—RicumMonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua ).—Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete and Volean de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft. ). Geothlypis palpebralis (not of Ridgway) Lantz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896— 97 (1900), 223 (San Juan Valley, Costa Rica). Genus ICTERIA Vieillot. Icteria Viettuor, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, pp. i, 85. (Type, Muscicapa viridis Gmelin, =Turdus virens Linnzeus. ) Jcteria CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 63. Very large Mniotiltide: with short, stout, arched and unnotched bill, the tarsus less than one-third as long as wing, tail moderately rounded, with rectrices obtuse or rounded at tips; color olive-greenish above, anterior half of under parts yellow; eyelids, malar stripe, and super- ciliary stripe white, and lores black. Bill very much shorter than head, deep (basal depth equal to about half the exposed culmen); culmen strongly curved; maxillary tomium without subterminal notch; gonys nearly if not quite straight. Nos- tril broadly oval, overhung by rather narrow membraneous operculum. Rictal bristles fairly developed. Wing moderate, rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, ninth about equal to fourth); wing-tip equal to or shorter than commissure. Tail equal to or longer than wing, rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with rounded tips. Tarsus about one-third as long as wing or a little less, its scutella indistinct or obso- lete on outer side; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; pasal phalanx of middle toe united for slightly more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. Coloration.— Above plain olive-green or olive-grayish; beneath with anterior half yellow, posterior half whitish; eyelids, superciliary stripe, and malar stripe white, lores black. Nidification.—Subarboreal (in brambles or thickets). Range.—Temperate North America, including Mexico. (Monotypic.) KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF ICTERIA,. a. Brighter or more decided olive-green above; white of malar region more restricted (occupying less than anterior half); wing, tail, and bill shorter, the tail usually shorter than wing; adult male averaging, wing 76.6, tail 74.5, exposed culmen 14.1; adult female, wing 74.4, tail 71.5, exposed culmen 13.5. (Eastern United States, east of Great Plains, south in winter through eastern Mexico and Cen- tral-America to Costa, Rica.) o22......2os-..% Icteria virens virens, adults (p. 692) aa. Grayer olive-green, or gray tinged with olive-green, above; white of malar region more extended, occupying more than anterior half (at least in adult males); wing, tail, and bill longer; adult male averaging, wing 79.1, tail 81.4, exposed culmen 14.5; adult female, wing 77.6, tail 78, exposed culmer 14.6. (Western United States and Mexican plateau) .-.-.Icteria virens longicauda, adults (p. 695) ~~ 20° °c b BULLETIN 50. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ICTERIA VIRENS VIRENS (Linneus). YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT, Adult male in spring and summer.—Ahove plain grayish olive-green, grayer on upper tail-coverts and (usually) lower rump; a superciliary stripe (extending from nostrils to a short distance behind eye), a cres- centic mark on lower eyelid, and anterior portion of malar region white; lores and suborbital region (immediately beneath the white mark on lower eyelid) black or dark slaty; auricular’ region gray (sometimes tinged with olive-green), with narrow and indistinct paler shaft-streaks; chin, throat, malar region (except anterior portion), chest, breast, upper abdomen, and anterior half or more of sides rich, pure gamboge or lemon yellow, sometimes (in highly plumaged speci- mens) tinged with orange;' flanks pale gray, buffy gray, or grayish buffy; rest of under parts white, the under tail-coverts sometimes tinged with buff; axillars and under wing-coverts yellow; bill and inside of mouth black; iris brown; legs and feet dusky in dried skins, bluish gray in life; length (skins), 154-173 (162.8); wing, 73.5-81 (76.6); tail, 70-83.5 (74.5); exposed culmen, 13-14.5 (14.1); tarsus, 25-27 (26.3); middle toe, 15.5-17 (16.2).* Adult female in spring and summer.—Similar to the adult male, but slightly smaller, and more or less duller in coloration,*® the black or dark slate of lores and suborbital region usually replaced by gray, the yellow of under parts usually less pure or deep (that on sides of breast sometimes tinged with olive), the flanks and under tail-coverts more stronely buffy, and the mandible usually more or less light colored; length (skins), 148-162 (157.4); wing, 72-77 (74.4); tail, 69-75 (71.8); exposed culmen, 13-14 (13.5); tarsus, 25-27 (25.9); middle toe, 15-16.5 Chie 'The orange sometimes as irregular patches or blotches. *Ten specimens. * Brighter colored females, however, are not distinguishable from duller colored males. * Hight specimens. Specimens from opposite sides of the Allegheny Mountains average, respectively, as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. Tail. | posed | Tarsus. nee | /culmen., ; ieee iy 27's) MALES. | | Five adult males from Maryland, Virginia, and District of Colnmbigse 2-22 eee none eeee ares ce Se eee eae 76.6 76.4 | 14.3 26.1 16.1 Five adult males from Indiana and Illinois.......---...-.--- 76.6 72.6 | 13.9 20.5 | 16.3 | | | FEMALES. | | | | | Five adult females from Maryland, Virginia, and District of | GOs ee Se SER eee ee ee Se Bee leeeo7dee san? 13.4 | 26 15.5 . . . | Three adult females from Indiana, Illinois, and Indian | | | PETTIGOTY: a2 ac eas acids eee ne a SR oes ee clas epee sacs 74. Gh ee 1355 jeeeoeon 15.7 | - BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 693 [Adults in autumn and winter are like those in spring and summer, but have the olive-green of upper parts more decided, the flanks and under tail-coverts more strongly buffy, and the bill light colored, the maxilla being, in both sexes, horn color and the mandible pale brown- ish yellow or buffy, in dried skins. | Young, first plumage.—Above uniform olive or dull olive-green; lores and suborbital region dull gray; white marks on both eyelids, as in adults, but less distinct, but supraloral streak obsolete; malar region, chin, and throat dull white, slightly tinged with yellow; chest, sides, and flanks plain deep olive-gray or smoke gray; rest of under parts white. Eastern United States; north to Massachusetts (Berkshire County, Malden, etc.), southern New Hampshire (North Conway), New York (Orleans, Yates, Oneida, and Seneca counties), southern Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, and southern Minnesota casually to southern Maine (Portland); west to edge of the Great Plains (eastern South Dakota to San Antonio, Texas); breeding southward to southern Texas (Brownsville, Hidalgo, Lomita, ete.), and upper por- tions of Gulf States in general 7. In winter southward through east- ern Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica (San José; Lagarto). [ Turdus] virens Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 171 (based on Yellow-breasted Chat, Oenanthe americana, pectore luteo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 50, pl. 50). Icteria virens Baird, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 228.—Lawrencr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Costa Rica); ix, 1869, 200 (Yucatan); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 17 (Chihuitan and Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Nov., Jan.).— Frantzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (Costa Rica).—Sumicurastr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 54 (Vera Cruz, winter).—Covugs, Check List, 1873, no. 100; 2d ed., 1882, no. 144.—Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 307, pl. 15, fig. 12.—Brewsrer, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., xi, 1875, 137 (Ritchie Co., West Virginia; habits; song).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Massachusetts and Connecticut, rare summer resid. ): xx, 1878, 303 (North Conway, New Hampshire, breeding. )—Ripaway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (deser. young); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no, 125; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 171.—Sennerr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., iv, 1878, 13 (Brownsville and Hidalgo, Texas, breeding); v, 1879, 388 (Lomita, Texas, breeding).—Merritt, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 124 (Fort Brown, Texas, breeding).—Ratrupun, Rev. List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 14 (rare summer resid. ).—Lintner, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 180 (Albany, New York).—BickNe.t, Auk, i, 1884, 216 (song).—MclI4- wraitH, Auk, i, 1884, 389 (Hamilton, Ontario, 1 spec. ); Birds Ontario, 1894, 380 (s. Ontario, breeding) .—FErRRARI-PEREz, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 138 (Chietla, Puebla, Dec. ).—AmeEricaNn OrITHNOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 683.—PuLatTr, Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc., ii, 1885-86, 50 ( Meriden, Connecticut; occasional summer resid. ).—Burier, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 36 (Franklin Co., Indiana; common summer resid. ).— ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 259 (Essex Co., Massachusetts, breeding ).— (?) Lioyn, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., w. Texas, spring migr. ).—JoHNn- son, Auk, v, 1888, 116 (Malden, Massachusetts, breeding).—Cooxr, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 260 (s. e. South Dakota; s. w. Minnesota, etc.; dates ) 694 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. of migr.).—EvrErMANN, Auk, vi, 1889, 28 (Carroll Co., Indiana, breeding ).— Faxon, Auk, vi, 1889, 104 ( Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, | pair).—Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 22 (apparently not occurring on Gulf coast of Florida!).—CHeErrir, Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San José, Costa Rica, Oct. 26 to ene 1) 5-ix, 1892,22 (do: )s Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1898, 14 (Lagarto, s. w. Costa Rica, 1 spec.) .— Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 583 (e. Kansas, summer resid. ).—MILuEr, Auk, vill, 1891, 119 (Highland Light, Massachusetts, 1 spee., Sept. 10).— Arrwater, Auk, ix, 1892, 342 (San Antonio, Texas, breeding).—Topp, Auk, vili, 1891, 398 ‘Beaver Co., Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 1893, 41 (Indiana ‘o., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Neruruine, Our Native Birds, ete., 1, 1893, 258, pl. 15, fig. 3.—Ricamonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Escondido and Greytown, Nicaragua, Oct. 14 and Feb. 4).—Brown (N.C.), Auk, x1, 1894, 331 (Portland, Maine, accidental).—SavaGe, Auk, xii, 1895, 393 (West Seneca, w. New York, June 17).—Uturey and Wattace, Proce. Ind. Ac. Sei., 1895, 158 (Wabash, Indiana, summer resid. ie ee Bull. Ohio Agric. Sta., tech. ser., i, 1896, 329 (Wayne Co., n. e. Ohio, rare summer revid.).—CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., viii, ae 277 (Chichen-Itza, Yucatan ).—Hap.ey, Proc. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1897, 195 (Wayne Co., Indiana, common summer resid. ).—WiItutams, Auk, xv, 1898, 332 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).—Posson, Auk, xvi, 1899, 195 (Orleans Co., New York, May 8 and 31).—Dwiaent, Auk, xvi, 1899, 217, 219, pl. 3, lower fig. (sequence of plumages).—Srone (C. D.), Auk, xvi, 1899, 285 (Yates Co., New York, breeding ).—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 ( Louisiana, breeding ). [ Icteria] virens Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5819.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 108. . [ Icteria virens . . .] a. virens Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 77 { Icteria virens longicauda] a. virens Couns, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 320. I[{cteria] virens Nevson, Bull. Essex. Inst. vill, 1876, 101 (n. e. Illinois, breed- ing) .—Cougs, ae N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 312.—Ripa@way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 52 [ Muscicapa | Cane (Gece IN, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 11, 1788, 936 (based on Merle verde de la Caroline, Merula viridis carolinensis, neon Orn., 11,315; Yellow-breasted Chat, Oenanthe americana, pectore luteo, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 50, pl. 50).—LatrHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 482. Muscicapa viridis STEPHENS, Shae Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 356 Icteria viridis BoNAParTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1825, 252; Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 69; Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1837, 111 (Mexico); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 25.—Nurratt, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 299.— AupDuBON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 223; v, 1839, 433, pl. 187; Synopsis, 1859, 163; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 1842, 160, ee 244.—Prapopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 297.—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 248; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 176.—CaBanis, Journ. ftir Orn., 1860, 403 (Costa Rica).—ScuaTer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 41 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Choctum, Guatemala)—ScLaTEerR and Santvin, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 836 (San Pedro, Honduras ).— TripprE, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 234 (Decatur Co., s. Lowa, breed- ing).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, 1881, 157, part.— 30ucARD, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 441 (Yucatan).—SHaArpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 373, chiefly. ) [J ]cteria viridis CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 63 (Mexico). i: teria (typographical error) viridis Hoy, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 309 ( Wisconsin ). I(cteria] viridis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 229. [Icteria] viridis BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331.—ScLaTer and Satviy, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 11, part. o Ne: BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA, 695 Ampelis luteus SPARRMAN, Mus. Carls., i, fase. 3, 1788, pl. 70. Icteria dumicola Viriitor, Ois. Am. Sept., 1, 1807, 85 (cites Muscicapa viridis Linneus); Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 702.—VirmLor and Oupart, Gal. Ois., 1, 1834, 119, pl. 85. Jeteria dumicola Virtiiot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1808, pl. 55. Pipra polyglotta Witson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 90, pl. 6, fig. 1 (cites Muscicapa viridis Gmelin).—Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., iv, 1825, 251. (2) Tanagra auricollis LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (Mexico; see Journ. ftir Orn., 1863, 57). [ Icteria] auricollis BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331. Icteria auricollis BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., 1854, 380, 582. Icteria velasquezi BONAPARTE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 117 (Guatemala); Consp. Av., i, 1850, 331.—Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 298 (Mexico); 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 373 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca).— ScLavTer and Sayin, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Guatemala).—Sarvin, Ibis, 1866, 202. ICTERIA VIRENS LONGICAUDA (Lawrenc LONG-TAILED CHAT. Similar to /. . wrens, but wing, tail, and bill longer, the tail always, or nearly always, longer than wing, instead of the reverse; upper parts more grayish olive-green, usually more nearly gray than olive-green; white of malar region much more extended, frequently occupying entire malar area; yellow of under parts averaging deeper. Adult male.—Length (skins), 159-185 (172.8); wing, 75-84 (79.1); tail, 76.5—-86 (81.4); exposed culmen, 13.5-15 (14.5); tarsus, 26-28 (26.5); middle toe, 15-17.5 (16.1)." Adult fematle.—Length (skins), 162-177 (167.2); wing, 73-80 (77.6); tail, 72-82 (78); exposed culmen, 13.5-15 (14.6); tarsus, 26-27 (26.4); middle toe, 14.5-16.5 (15.3).” Western United States, from near eastern border of the Great Plains to the Pacitie coast; north to North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, and east- ern British Columbia (Sumas; Thompson River, below Ashcroft); breeding southward over Mexican plateau to the valley of Mexico; in 'Pwenty-three specimens. * Six specimens. Adult males (breeding birds) from different localities average, respectively, as follows: | ax- lesen Loeality. Wing. | Tail. | ach Tarsus. eS ee ; Es a athe 5. 5 ERAT at Ses ; é | Three adult males from eastern Colorado and Montana -.-. 79 82.7 | 14.3 27 16 Five adult males from southern Arizona.................--- 78 79.6 14.7 26.6 Louth Five adult males from northern Calfornia ..............-.--- 80.4 83.7 14.4 26 3 15.9 Hive adultmales from: western Texas... ..0..--..25---o---- 78.4 Sie 4 14.7 26.3 | 16.4 One adult male from lower Rio Grande Valley (Fort Brown, BIRR re ayetey tame fe ate lei et aterm 2 etaaia ale ct lalc olen (asinine tel cteieiaieters tetereelavcie 78 80 | 13.5 27 16.5 Two adult males (breeding) from Nuevo Leon .........---- 79.7 | Sf | 14.5 | 26.7 | 16.2 Two adult males (summer) from Valley of Mexico .......-. 80 82.2 | 14 si7i |i eal 17 | 696 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. winter, to State of Sinaloa (Mazatlan, Presidio etc.) and Territory of Tepic. Icteria viridis (not Muscicapa viridis Gmelin) TowNsenp, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1839, 153 (n. w. United States).—-Gampe., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, 1847, 157 (California); Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 44 (do).—HerErRMANN, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1853, 269 (California).— Henry, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 313 (New Mexico); xi, 1859, 106 (do).—(?) Sctarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 173 (City of Mexico).— DuGés, La Naturaleza, i, 1870, 140 (Ghintiajanto: Mexico ).—SaALvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Céates hint Aves, i, 1881, 157, part.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 373, part (Presidio, near Mazatlan, Mexico). [ Icteria] viridis ScLater and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 11, part. Icteria velasquezii (not of Bonaparte) Barirp, in Biman s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 328 (California). Icteria longicauda LAwrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, 1853, 4 (California; coll. G. N. Lawrence).—Newperry, Rep. Pacific R. = Surv., vi, 1857, 81; pl. 34, lower fig. (San Francisco, Sacramento Valley, ete., California, and n. to ¢ ania R.; winters in California).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 249; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pl. 34, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 177; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Fron- tera, Texas; Nuevo Leon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 230.—Nanrus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).—HerrrRMANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 55 (California).—Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 42 (Nebraska) .—Cougs, Ibis, 1865, 163 (Arizona); Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xviii, 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona).—Coorer, Orn. Cal., 1870, eae Abh. Nat. Brem., 1870, 331 (Mazatlan).—ArKken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 197 (Colorado). { Icteria] erate Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 384, no. 5820. [ Icteria virens.| Var. longicauda Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 108. Icteria virens .. . var. longicauda Cours, Check List, 1873, no. 100a.—Ripeway, Bull. Essex Inst., v, Nov., 1873, 180 (Colorado).—HeEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1874, 42 (Utah), 103 (Apache, Arizona); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 206 (localities in Utah, Colorado, and Arizona; New Mexico). Teteria virens, var. longicauda Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 309.—Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 271 noha and Tepic, w. Mexico, Oct. to Apr. ). [Icteria virens] b. longicauda Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 77. [ Icteria virens longicauda] b. longicauda Cours ieanele Col. Val., 1878, 321. Icteria virens, B. longicauda Rrpaway, Field and Forest, ii, May, 1877, 197 (Colo- rado); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, 1879, 407 (Stockton, ete., California) . Icteria virens . . . f. longicauda Ripaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 436 (Sacra- mento, California; Truckee Valley and West Humboldt Mts., Nevada). Icteria virens longicauda Ripeaway, Bull. Essex Inst., vi, Oct., 1874, 171 (Sacra- mento, California); vii, 1875, 11 (Carson aie Newey: Nom. N. Am. 3irds, 1881, no. 123a.—Covusrs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 320, part; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 145.—Ber.pine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1883,.537 (La Paz, Lower California, winter).—AMERICAN OrniTHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 683a.—Goss, Auk, iii, 1886, 115 (Meade Co., ete., w. Kansas, breed- ing); Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 585 (w. Kansas, summer resid. ).—L1oyp, Auk, iv, 1887, 296 (Tom Green Co., w. Texas, breeding ).—Cooxer, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 260 (w. Kansas; San Angelo, Texas, and Tom Green and Cone eiecumtiee! Texas, breeding ).—Ruoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, —— - ae BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 697 54 (Thompson R., below Ashcroft, British Columbia).—Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 179 (Okanogan Co, Washington).—Brooxs, Auk, xvii, 1900, 107 (Sumas, British Columbia, May 26).—Bruner, Proc. Nebr. Orn. Un., 2d ann. meet., 1901, 57 (Sioux Co., n. w. Nebraska, breeding). T(cteria] vlirens] longicauda Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 312. T[cteria] virens longicauda Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. [ Icteria viridis.] Subsp. a. Icteria longicauda Suaree, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 375, part only? (specimens from San Pedro, Honduras, and Guatemalan localities very doubtfully referable to this form!). Icteria virens (not Turdus virens Linneeus) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 135 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas), 145 (Cheyenne, Wyoming), 166 (Ogden, Utah), 175; Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 52 (Missouri, Yellowstone, and Musselshell rivers, ete., North Dakota and Montana).—ALLEN and 3rEWsTER, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 159 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, after May 13). Genus GRANATELLUS Bonaparte. Granatellus BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 312 (ex ‘‘Du Bus, Esq. Orn., sub. tab. 24”). (Type, G. venustus Bonaparte. ) Medium-sized or rather small stout-billed Mniotiltidee with the outer- most (ninth) primary shorter than innermost (first); the tail nearly equal to or longer than wing; bill much shorter than head, with cul- men strongty curved) commissure distinctly arched, and mandible deeper than maxilla; under parts partly red, upper parts gray or bluish. 3111 much shorter than head, slightly or moderately compressed, with mandible deeper than maxilla; culmen strongly curved, gonys slightly curved or nearly straight; maxillary tomium distinctly con- cave, without subterminal notch; mandibular tomium distinctly convex, except toward tip. Nostril small, circular, in anterior portion of nasal fosse, surrounded by membrane, but this very narrow anteriorly (forming a slender marginal ring), that above the nostril scarcely forming an “operculum.” Rictal bristles obvious but minute. Wing moderate, excessively rounded (seventh to fifth primaries longest, eighth shorter than fourth, and ninth shorter than first); wing-tip not longer than exposed culmen. Tail slightly shorter than wing (in G salle) to much longer (G@. francesce), rounded, the rectrices broad and rounded at tips. Tarsus very nearly one-third as long as wing, its scutella fairly distinct (sometimes obsolete or fused on outer side); middie toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly if not quite its entire length to outer toe, for rather more than half its length to inner toe. Coloration.—Under parts partly red; adult males bluish gray above, with tail and sides of pileum black; under parts white laterally, pink- ish red medially; throat white or bluish gray; a broad supra-auricular stripe and, in some species, lateral rectrices partly white. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Mexico (including Yueatan) and Guatemala; Guiana and upper Amazon Valley. (Four species.) The three Mexican species of this beautiful genus include two types, which differ slightly in structural details and considerably in pattern of coloration; one type (represented by G. venustus and G. francesce) having the tail longer than the wing, the throat and a considerable part of the lateral rectrices white, and the auricular region black; the other (represented by G. sa//w/) having the tail shorter than the wing, the throat and auricular region gray, and the lateral rectrices wholly black. The single known South American species (G. pelzeln7) com- bines the white throat and black auriculars of the first-mentioned group with the shorter tail and wholly black lateral rectrices of the last mentioned. 698 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. | KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF GRANATELLUS. a. Back, ete., bluish gray or grayish blue; supra-auricular stripe pure white; breast uniform red. (Adult males. ) b. Throat white; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions black. c. Tail with lateral rectrices extensively white; larger (wing 60 or more, tail 67 or more). d. A complete black collar across upper part of chest; smaller (wing averaging 61.3, tail 67.8, tarsus 20). (States of Sinaloa, Colima, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, southwestern Mexico.) ..Granatellus venustus, adult male (p. 699) dd. No black collar across upper part of chest; larger (wing averaging 66.4, tail 78.1, tarsus 21). (Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. ) Granatellus frincesce, adult male (p. 700) cc. Tail entirely black; smaller (wing 54, tail 45). (Western Brazil to British (Gul eae) Sere ere Granatellus pelzelni, adult male (extralimital )! bo. Throat, and loral, suborbital, and auricular regions, gray. ( Granatellus sallei. ) c. Darker, the throat and sides of head slate-gray. (Vera Cruz, Mexico, to Gruaitem ala) eee see ase eee Granatellus sallwi sallei, adult male (p. 701) cc. Paler, the throat and sides of head ash gray. (Yucatan. ) Granatellus sallei boucardi, adult male (p. 703) aa. Back not bluish gray or grayish blue; supra-auricular stripe not pure white (more or less buffy); breast buffy (touched with red in immature males). (Adult females and immature males. ) b. Lateral rectrices extensively white. + c. Smaller (wing 58, tail 67, tarsus 20); gray of upper parts darker; forehead nearly concolor with crown and occiput. Granatellus venustus, adult female (p. 699) cc. Larger (wing 62 or more, tail 75 or more, tarsus 21 or more); gray of upper parts paler; forehead much more buffy than crown and occiput (or else partly black). 'Granatellus pelzelni Sclater. Granatellus venustus (not of Bonaparte) ScuaTER, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 375. Granatellus pelzelni ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 606, 607, pl. 37, upper fig. (Rio Madeira, w. Brazil; coll. P. L. Sclater; ex Natterer, manuscript).— PreLZELN, Orn. Bras., 1871, 216.—SHaArpE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 370 (Rio Madeira, Brazil; Camacusa, British Guiana). Granatellus pelzelnii Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 231, footnote. | Icteria| pelzelni Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 384, no. 5823. BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 699 d. Breast deeper buff, not touched with red; back, ete., browner gray. Granatellus francesce, adult female (p. 701) dd. Breast paler buff, or whitish, with touches of red; back, etc., clearer gray. Granatellus francesce, immature male (p. 701) bb. Lateral rectrices not extensively white, the terminal portion, only, dull white, not sharply defined. c. Darker, with supra-auricular stripe and. chest deep buff or ochraceous-buff. Granatellus sallei sallei, adult female (p. 702) ec. Paler, with supra-auricular stripe and chest cream buff. Granatellus sallei boucardi, adult female (p. 703) GRANATELLUS VENUSTUS Bonaparte. DU BUS’ RED-BREASTED CHAT, Adult male.—Pileum, except laterally and anteriorly, hindneck, sides of neck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, rump, and upper tail- coverts plain bluish gray or deep plumbeous, slightly more bluish on crown and occiput, the concealed portion of tertials darker; primaries and proximal secondaries dusky, edged with bluish gray; tail black, the outermost rectrix with outer web white, except at base, the inner web with nearly the terminal half white, this extending much farther toward base next to the shaft than on edge of the web; second rectrix with a large wedge-shaped terminal patch of white, the third with a smaller terminal spot, the fourth sometimes with a very small white spot at tip; forehead, sides of crown and occiput, lores, suborbital and auricular regions, and collar extending from the latter across upper chest, black; a broad supra-auricular stripe (or elongated patch), malar region, chin, throat, sides, and flanks white; lower chest, breast, abdo- men, and under tail-coverts pure vermilion red; thighs slate color; maxilla dusky horn color with paler tomia; mandible paler (bluish gray in life 4); iris white;' legs and feet dusky born color (in dried skins); length (skins), 180-135 (133); wing, 60-63 (61.3); tail, 67-69 (67.8); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); tarsus, 19-20 (20); middle toe, 10.5-12 (11.2). Adult female.—Above plain slate-gray, the remiges more brownish gray; tail as in the adult male, but duller black, with the white areas on lateral rectrices somewhat more restricted; forehead and lores wood brown, blending gradually into the gray of the crown; a supra- auricular stripe of light ochraceous-buff; auricular region buffy eray- ish: malar region, chin, and throat dull white, tinged with buff, especially the first: chest, breast, and abdomen buff, the first slightly tinged with pink alone the upper margin; under tail-coverts salmon pink or flesh color; sides and flanks buffy white; bill and feet as in 'XNantus, manuscript. (Probably an error. ) ’ Three specimens. 700 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. adult male; length (skin), 185; wing, 58; tail, 67; exposed culmen, 12.2: tarsus, 19.5; middle toe, 11:5." Western Mexico, in States of Oaxaca (Santa Efigenia), Guerrero (Acapulco), Colima (Sierra Madre), and Sinaloa (Rosario; Tatemalis). Granatellus venustus BONAPARTE, Consp..Av., 1, 1850, 312 (Mexico; ex Du Bus, manuscript).—ScLaTer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 607, pl. 37, lower fig.— 3airnD, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 231 (Sierra Madre, Colima).—LAwWrENCs, Mem. Bost. Soe. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Sierra Madre, Colima).—LAWRENCE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Jan.).— Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 160.—SHaARPR, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 369.—Loomis, Auk, xviii, 1901, 110 (Tatemalis and Rosario, Sinaloa; deser. adult female). [ Granatellus] venustus SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. [ Icteria] venustus Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5821. GRANATELLUS FRANCESC& Baird. TRES MARIAS RED-BREASTED CHAT. Similar to G. venustus but larger; adult male without any black coi- lar across upper chest; with an interrupted white collar across hind- neck; red of under parts more restricted; white on lateral rectrices more extended; gray of upper parts lighter and less bluish, and mid- dle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with white; adult female similar to that of G. venustus but larger and paler, with much more white on lateral rectrices. Adult male—Pileum (except anteriorly and laterally) deep bluish gray or plumbeous; rest of upper parts plain bluish slate-gray, the middle and greater wing-coverts narrowly tipped or terminally mar- eined with white, producing two narrow bands; primaries dusky gray edged with pale bluish gray; an interrupted and mostly concealed white collar across hindneck; tail black, the outermost rectrix with outer web and more than terminal half of inner web white, the second with more than terminal third and most of outer web white, the third with terminal portion extensively white, the fourth with a small wedge-shaped terminal spot or mesial streak of white; forehead, sides of crown and occiput, with loral, suborbital, and auricular regions, black; malar region, chin, and throat white, the lower portion of the latter with a few, mostly concealed, spots of black;” chest, median portion of breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure light vermilion red; sides of breast, sides, and flanks, white; thighs gray and white; maxilla dusky horn color or grayish black with paler tomia; mandible much paler (bluish gray in life?); iris brown;* legs and feet dusky horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 148-160 (151); wing, 65.5-67.5 'One specimen, from Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca. 2 Sometimes Torming, or at least suggesting, an interrupted collar. * Grayson, manuscript. BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 701 (66.4); tail, 75-81 (78.1); ay culmen, 11.2-12.5 (11.8); tarsus, 20-21.5 (21); middle toe, 11.5-13 (12.2)." Adult female.—Occiput and hindneck brownish gray, passing gradually into light wood brown or isabella color on forehead; rest of upper parts clearer gray (between slate-gray and smoke gray), the middle and greater wing- coverts tipped with pale buff, forming two rather distinct wing-bands; tail as on the male, but the black portions duller, with outer web slate-gray; a broad supra-auricular stripe of buff or ochraceous-buff, passing gradually over eye into the wood brown or isabella color of forehead; lores dull buffy whitish; auricu- lar region pale buffy grayish or dull buffy; malar region, chin, and throat dull white, buffy white, or pale buff; chest and sides pale buff; -rest of under parts white or buffy white, the under tail-coverts some- times tinged with pink; bill, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 142-156 (148.7); wing, 62-64 (62.9); tail, 75-77 (75.7); exposed culmer, 11.2-12 (11.7); tarsus, 21-21.5 (21.2); middle toe, 11.2-12 ELE). * Immature male.—Similar to the adult female but back, etc., clearer gray, sides of pileum (sometimes forehead and part of auricular region also) black, chest and median line of breast and abdomen more or less tinged with pink, and under tail-coverts pink. Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico. Granatellus francesce Barrp, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 232 (Tres Marias Islands, w. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xiv, 1871, 278 (habits).—Lawrencr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii. 1874, 270.—SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, 307, pl. 11 (crit.).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 160.—SHaArRps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 370.—Ne son, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 56 (Maria Madre, Tres Marias; habits; crit. ). [ Icteria] francescew Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5824. GRANATELLUS SALLZEI SALLI Bonaparte. SALLE’S RED-BREASTED CHAT. Adult male.—Upper parts plain deep bluish slate, the crown marg- ined along each side by a broad but not sharply defined black line; remiges and rectrices black, edged with slate color, the outermost ree- trices with an indistinct wedge-shaped terminal spot of dark gray and (except in worn plumage) margined terminally with white; a supra- auricular stripe of white; loral, orbital, auricular and malar regions, chin, and throat uniform slate-gray; chest, breast, abdomen, anal region, and under tail-coverts pure vermilion red or geranium red; sides of breast, sides, and outer portion of flanks slate-gray; inner por- ‘Five specimens. 2Four spechmens. 702 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tion of flanks (next to red of abdomen) white; maxilla dusky horn color or blackish with paler tomia; mandible paler (bluish gray in life?); legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length(skins), 122.7-128 (125.3); wing, 56.6-61.5 (58.7); tail, 56-57.9 (56.9); exposed culmen, 11-19.9 (11.5); tarsus, 18.3-18.8 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7-12.2 (11.6).’ Adult female.—Above varying from mouse gray to bluish slate- eray, the remiges and rectrices as in the adult male, but tertials and edeings of other remiges grayish brown; no black on sides of crown; supra-auricular stripe buff or ochraceous-buff; auricular region gray- ish or dull buffy grayish; malar region, chin, and throat dull pale buffy; chest, sides, and flanks deep buff; abdomen buffy white; under tail-coverts pale buff; bill, legs, and feet as in the adult male; length (skins), 117-144.8 (125); wing, 55.6-57.7 (56.6); tail, 58.8-56 (55); exposed culmen, L1-L1.4 (11.1); tarsus, 18.5-19 (18.5); middle toe, 10.7-12 (11.1). Southeastern Mexico, in States Vera Cruz (Cordova; Potrero; Buena Vista) and Oaxaca (Playa Vicente; Tuxtepec), and Guatemala (Cahabon; near Tactic). Setophaga sallei ‘“Bonap. and Schleg’’? Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xli, May, 1856, 957 (Cordova, Vera Cruz). Granatellus sallxi Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., July 8, 1856, 292, pl. 120 (Cordova); 1858, 97 (s. Mexico); 1859, 374 (Playa Vicente, Oaxaca; descr. female); 1864, 607.—Sanvin and Sciarer, Ibis, 1860, 397 (Cahabon, Guate- mala).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 546 (Potrero, near Cordova, Vera Cruz).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 161, part (Cordova and Potrero, Vera Cruz; Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, Cahabon and near Tactic, Guatemala).—SuHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 371, part (Cordova; Guatemalan localities) . Granatellus sallaei Barro, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 232, footnote. [ Granatellus] sallxi ScLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 11. Granatellus sallei Boucarn, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30. [ Icteria] sallei Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 384, no. 5822 'Three specimens; two from Vera cher, one from Guatemala. * Four specimens. Specimens from Mexico and Guatemala average, respectively, as follows: | ~ | Ex- ox 7 Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. ee | culmen. : MALES. | Two adult males from State of Vera Cruz...-..-..----..----- 1} DON ay Soe) | 11.2 18.6 12 | | One adult male trom Guatemala. (22.2222 eee nee eel al Meee Pe | a2 18.3 10.7 FEMALES. | | Two adult females from States of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca. - - 56.3 54.4 lea 18.6 11.3 Two adult females from Guatemala.............-----.------ | 56.8 iy Me 18. 4 10.8 The series is much too small to show whether there are any constant color differ- ences or not. BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 703 GRANATELLUS SALLI BOUCARDI Ridgway. BOUCARD’S RED-BREASTED CHAT, Similar to G. s. salle, but paler; adult male with sides of head, chin, and throat pale gray (gray no. 7 or no. 8") instead of slate-gray ; adult female with upper parts smoke gray instead of deep mouse eray, the supra-auricular stripe, chest, ete., cream buff instead of deep buff or ochraceous-buff. Adult male.—Length (skins), 122-125 (123.5); wine, 58—58.4 (58.2): tail, 54-57.4 (55.7); exposed culmen, 11.4-12 (11.7); tarsus, 18.8—20 (19.4); middle toe, 11.4-12 (11.7). Adult femate.—Length (skin), 119; wing, 57; tail, 56; exposed cul- men, 11; tarsus, 19; middle toe, 11.’ Yucatan. Granatellus sallai (not Setophaga sallet Bonaparte) Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 161, part (Yucatan).—Bovucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 441 (Yucatan).—SuHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 371, part (n. Yucatan). Granatellus salleei boucardi Rripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Apr. 20, 1885, 23 (Yucatan; coll. U. Nat. Mus.).—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. 1896, 278 (Chichen-Itza, Yucatan). N. Hi.) viii, Genus WILSONIA Bonaparte. Wilsonia BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. (Type, Motacilla mitrata Gimelin. ) Myiodioctes Aupuson, Synop. Birds North Am., 1839, 48. (Type, Molacilla mitrata Gmelin. ) Myioctonus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 18. (Type, Motacilla mitrata Gmelin.) Small or medium-sized ** flycatching” Mniotiltidee, with bill about half as long as head (or less), moderately depressed; rictal bristles moderately developed, reaching but little beyond nostrils; outermost (ninth) primary longer than fifth; under parts yellow, sometimes with throat black or with black spots or streal s across chest; upper parts plain olive-green or gray, with or without black on crown. Bill not more than half as long as head (sometimes less), tapering gradually to the tip, the culmen straight to near the tip, where rather strongly decurved; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch distinct: gonys very faintly convex. Nostril longitudinally oval, in lower ante- rior portion of nasal fosse, overhung by broad membraneous opercu lum. Rictal bristles distinct, re: ne when extended forward, decid- edly but not far beyond nostrils. Wing moderate, pointed (eighth to sixth, ee seventh, primaries longest, ninth longer than fifth); wing- iRiaeeaee 8 Nowiane lature of Gio Plate 2. 2 Two specimens. *One specimen. 704 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tip shorter than tarsus, but decidedly longer than commissure. Tail equal to (W. canadensis) or longer than (W. mtrata, W. pusilla) distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, slightly rounded or double- rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with subacuminate tips. Tarsus decidedly less than to nearly one-third as long as wing, its scutella indistinet (obsolete or fused except on lower portion); middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middie toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. Coloration.—Under parts yellow (under tail-coverts white in one species), the throat sometimes black or partly black, the chest some- times streaked or spotted with black; upper parts plain olive-green or gray, with or without black on crown. Nidification.—Terrestrial or subterrestrial (in forest undergrowth). Range.— Whole of North America (except treeless arctic district); south in winter to northern South America, Cuba, and Jamaica; one species,’ referred to this genus, peculiar to Colombia and Ecuador. (Three, or possibly five, species.) KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF WILSONIA. a. Lateral rectrices with inner webs partly white. b. No whitish or yellowish markings on wings. ( Wilsonia mitrata. ) c. Forehead, sides of head, and under parts of body rich yellow; crown, occiput, throat, and chest black. (Eastern United States; south in winter to Cuba, Jamaica, and through eastern Mexico and Central America to Isthmus of IPA aI) eee eee ee eee Wilsonia mitrata, adult male (p. 705) cc. Forehead, sides of head, and under parts duller yellow, the first sometimes olive-green; no black on head, throat, or chest, or else the black areas of the adult male imperfectly represented. ? Wilsonia mitrata, adult female (p. 706) bb. Two white or yellowish bands across wing. (Eastern United States. ) Wilsonia microcephala, adult male ? (p. 709) aa. Lateral rectrices without white on inner webs. 6b. Upper parts olive-green; under tail-coverts yellow, like rest of under parts; smaller (wing not more than 60, usually much less). ( Wilsonia pusilla. ) c. Forehead and superciliary region bright yellow; crown glossy black. (Adult males and some adult females. ) d. Duller olive-green above, duller yellow below. (Eastern North America; south in winter through eastern Mexico to Guatemala. ) Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (p. 710) dd. Brighter olive-green above, brighter yellow below. . (Western North America. ) e. Larger (adult male averaging, wing 57.5, tail 50.1; adult female, wing 55.4, tail 48.3); coloration less intense, with upper parts less yellowish, the forehead and superciliary region rich yellow but not inclining to orange. (Western North America in general, breeding from mountains of west- ern Texas to Alaska, but not on Pacific coast south of British Columbia. ) Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (p. 712) 1 Myiodioctes meridionalis Pelzeln, Verz. zool.—bot. Gesselsch. Wien, 1882, 446.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 437. This species, which may not belong to this genus, is said to resemble W. pusilla, but to differ in being “‘larger, and having the forehead black, not yellow.” th ore mere’ fon RP he Cae ——— BIRDS OF MIDDLE AND NORTH AMERICA. 705 ee. Smaller (adult male averaging, wing55.4, tail 49.1; adult female, wing 52.9, tail 47.8); coloration more intense, with upper parts bright yellowish olive-green, the forehead and superciliary region often inclining to orange. (Pacific coast district, north to British Columbia; in winter south to Cape St. Lucas and Sonora, east during migration to eastern Oregon, Arizona, and Chihuahua. ).-Wilsonia pusilla chryseola (p. 714) ce. Forehead and superciliary region yellowish olive-green, the crown similar but less yellowish. (Immature male and female and some adult females. ) d. Duller olive-green above, duller yellow below. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla, immature (see Addenda) dd. Brighter olive-green above, brighter yellow below. e. Larger (averaging wing 55.4, tail 48.3); upper parts less yellowish olive- green, under parts less intense yellow. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata, immature (see Addenda) ee. Smaller (averaging wing 52.9, tail 47.8); upper parts more yellowish olive-green, under parts brighter yellow. Wilsonia pusilla chryseola, immature (see Addenda) bb. Upper parts gray or grayish olive; under tail-coverts white; larger (wing more than 60). (Eastern North America, south in winter through Mexico and Central America to Peru. ) c. A conspicuous ‘‘necklace’’ of black spots or streaks across chest; feathers of pileum conspicuously centered with black. Wilsonia canadensis, adult male and some adult females (p. 716) cc. Chest with indistinct olive spots or streaks; feathers of pileum without dis- tinct black centers...----.--- Wilsonia canadensis, most adult females and immature male and female (pp. 716, 717) WILSONIA MITRATA (Gmelin). HOODED WARBLER. Inner webs of outermost rectrices partly white; back olive-green, under tail-coverts yellow, and wing exceeding 60 mm. Adult male.‘—Forehead and anterior portion of crown, together with loral, orbital, postocular, auricular, suborbital, and malar regions, rich lemon or gamboge yellow, the lores sometimes with a little of dusky or black; rest of head, including throat, together with chest, deep black, that of the chest with an abruptly defined convex posterior outline; hindneck, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain yellowish olive-green, the first sometimes slightly tinged with grayish; wings and tail dusky brownish gray with yellowish olive-green edgings, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with that color; inner webs of three outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, that on the exterior rectrix occupying more than the terminal half; under parts of body pure rich gamboge or lemon yel- low, becoming olive-greenish on sides and flanks, the under tail-coverts paler yellow; under wing-coverts and axillars pale yellow, or white 'The coloration is quite the same the year round, except that in autumn and winter specimens the bill (which is nearly black in spring and summer) is more brownish, with the mandible paler than the maxilla, while the yellow of the plumage is often more intense. 38654—voL 2—01——45 706 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tinged with yellow; bill blackish in spring and summer, more brown- ish, with mandible paler, in fall and winter; iris brown; legs and feet pale brownish in dried skins (pale flesh color in life’); length (skins), 123.2-129.3 (126.2); wing, 65.5-69.1 (67.6); tail, 55.4-59.7 (57.7); exposed culmen, ?.9-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 19-20.1 (19.7); middle toe, 10.7-12.2 (11.7).’ Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but with much less of black on head, sometimes with none; if the black occupies approxi- mately the same area as in the male it is much duller and more or less broken with olive-green on crown and occiput and with yellow on throat; usually, the throat is entirely yellow, sometimes with a more or less distinct indication of a dusky collar across the lower portion or on upper chest, and the crown and occiput are blackish only next to the yellow of forehead and sides of head;, when there is no black on the head the pileum is entirely olive-green, becoming more yellowish on forehead; length (skins), 117.3-128.3 (123.7); wing, 60.2-66.8 (63); tail, 52.8-56.4 (53.8); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.2 (10.4); tarsus, 17.8- 19.8 (18.8); middle toe, 10.7-11.9 (11.2).” Youny male in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult male, but black of head with feathers narrowly margined with yellowish.* Young male, first plumage.—Above uniform light grayish brown, the remiges and rectrices as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts margined terminally with light wood brown or cinnamon; auricular region olive-yellowish; .chin, throat, chest, and anterior portion of sides pale broccoli brown or isabella color; rest of under parts pale straw yellow, clouded with pale brown. Eastern United States, west to edge of the Great Plains; breeding northward to Connecticut (Suffield, etc.), southeastern New York (lower Hudson Valley), central New York (Oneida, Cayuga, and Wayne counties), northeastern Illinois, eastern Nebraska, etc.; southward to South Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana; occasional northward to Mas- sachusetts (several records), northeastern New York (Lewis County), southern Ontario (Hamilton; near Port Rowan), southern Michigan and Wisconsin; in winter south to Cuba and Jamaica, and through east- ern Mexico and Central America to the Isthmus of Panama; casual in the Bermudas. [ Motacilla] mitrata GMELAN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 977 (based on Mesange a collier de la Caroline, Parus carolinensis torquatus, Brisson, Orn., ili, 578; Gobe-mouche citrin de la Louisiane Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., iv., 538; Gobe-mouche de la Louisiane Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 666, fig. 2). ' Eight specimens. ? Seven specimens. *This plumage persists until the following spring, a specimen collected May 13 having the feathers of the black areas as distinctly margined with yellowish as any autumnal examples. —j{ ~~ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 707 Motacilla mitrata Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 418. [Sylvia] mitrata Larnam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 528. Sylvia mitrata Viritto0T, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 23, pl. 77; Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nai excleg Gi 7, 253. —Bon APARTE, Tount: Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, Ss Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 79.—Nurra.u, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., i, 1832, 373.—AUDUBON, ies Biog., 11, 1834, 68, pl. 60. Setophaga mitrata JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., 1, 1832, 389.—RicHARDSsSON, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—D’OrBsiany, in La Sagra’s, Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 89.—Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 309 (Wiscon- sin).—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vii, 1860, 307 (Cuba). S[etophaga] mitrata Gray, Gen. oe i, 1846, 265. { Setophaga] mitrata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3534. Wilsonia mitrata ae APARTE, Geog. na Comp. List, 1838, 23.—AL.EN, Proc. Essex Inst., iv., 1864, (itasenciasettay’ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 Gans) renee Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 95.—SrrsnEGER, Auk, 1, 1884, 231.—AmerIcAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION Commitrer, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123 (Check List no. 684).—Howrn, Auk, xvi, 1899, 360 (Montville, Connec- ticut, 1 spec., June 18); xvii, 1900, 389 (Gales Ferry, Connecticut, June 23, 24).—Baaa, Auk, xvii, 1900; 178 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding).— Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soe. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 115 (Louisiana, breeding ).—Comry, Auk, xviii, 1901, 897 (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1 oe Sept. 5, 1901). Sylvania mitrata Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 555.—W oop- HOUSE, in Rep. ee es’s Expl. Zuniand Col. R., 1853, 6 (Indian Territory and Texas).—Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yucatan); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 174.—Cory, Auk, ili, 1886, 46 (West Indian references); Birds W. I., 1889, 60; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 120 (Cuba; Jamaica).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 684.— ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 259 ( Brookline, Massachusetts, 1 spec., June 25, 1879).—Breckuam, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x, 1888, 688 (San Antonio, Texas, Dec. 21).—Durcner, Auk, vi, 1888, 139 (Fire Island Light, Long Island, 1 spec., Sept. 1); x, 1893, 277 (Long Island, 2 specs).—Cookk, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 261 a Nebraska; e. Kansas, breeding, ete.; dates. )— Scorr, Auk, vii, 1890, 22 (Tarpon Springs, Florida, late Mar. to about third week in Apr., rare in fall; Key West, Mar. 18 to Apr. 3, Aug. 19 to Sept. 13).— Loomis, Auk, vii, 1890, 129 (Pickens Co., South Carolina, breeding up to 2,500 ft.); viii, 1891, 332 (Ceesars Head, South Carolina, breeding up to a little above 2,500 ft. ).—Hirencock, Auk, vil, 1890, 407 ( Provincetown, Mas- sachusetts, June 25).—Goss, Hist. Birds Kansas, 1891, 586 (e. Kansas, sum- mer resid. ).—Howe.u, Auk, ix, 1892, 306 (Parkville, Long Island, | spec., Apr. 30).—NeEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 263, pl. 14, fig. 3.— RicumonpD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Escondido and Grey- town, Nicaragua, Sept. 24 to Feb. 5).—McIuwrarra, Birds of Ontario, 1894, 381 (near Hamilton, 1 spec., May, and near Port Rowan, occasional ).—PaA.- mER, Auk, xi, 1894, 282-291 (plumages).—TurTrisr, Auk, xii, 1895, 191 (Erie Co., Ohio, Apr. 23).—Wayne, Auk, xii, 1895, 365 (Wacissa R., n. w. Florida, breeding).—Easrman, Auk, xiv, 1897, 327 (Framingham, Massachusetts, 1 spec., Oct. 15, 1893).—Ruoaps, Auk, xvi, 1899, 313 (Westmoreland Co., Pennsylvania, May, rare).—Danret, Auk, xix, 1902, 18 (Dismal uae Virginia, breeding). [Sylvania] mitrata Cory, List Birds W. I., 1885, 9 Sylvania] mitrata Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527, Myiodioctes mitrata AupuBon, Birds Am., oct. ed., 11, 1841, 12, pl. 71 [ Myiodioctes] mitrata BonApartsE, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 315. Myiodioctes mitratys Jarpine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 13 (Bermudas, Mar. 30).— Hurpis, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 13 (Bermudas; same occurrence ).— 708 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sciater, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera ae Cat. Am Birds, 1862, 33.—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 292; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 211; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 239, eee and SAL- vin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala; Honduras); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.).—Marrtens, Journ. fiir Orn., 1859, 212 (Bermudas).— Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 110 (Comayagua, Hondieas —Branp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermudas).—GuNnpLacn, Journ. fur Orn., 1861, 326 (Cuba); 1872, 419 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1865, 237; Orn. Cuba, 1873, 71.—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 478 (San Antonio, Texas, migr. ).—LAwrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., viii, 1863, 484 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1869, 200 (Merida, Yueatan).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i 1869, 547 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, winter).—Snow, Birds Kansas, 1873, 5 (Fort Leavenworth).—Coves, Check List, 1878, no. 101; 2d ed., 1882, no. 146; Birds N. W., 1874, 78; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 324 (synonymy ).—-TrRIPPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1873, 235 (vase Co., s. Iowa, 1 spec. - — Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 314, pl. 1 figs. 10, 11.—Brewster, Ann. Lye. N. Y., 1875, 138 (Ritchie Co., ae Virginia; habits; song).—Brewer, Proc. roe Soe. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Connecticut); xix, 1878, 303 (Connecticut, summer resid. ).—Merriam, Trans. Conn. Ac., i, 1877, 25 (Connecticut); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 7 (Lewis Co., New York, 1 spec., Sept. 9).—NeEtson, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i, 1876, 42 (near Chicago, May 10; Waukegan, May 20).—Purpir, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 21 (Suffield, Connecticut, 1 spec. ).—MBaARNs, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 71, 72 (plumage of female).—BIcKNELL, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 130 (Riverdale, New York, breeding; Fort Lee, New Jersey, breeding); Auk, i, 1884, 216 (song).—Ripe@way, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 164 (Mount Carmel, Illinois, breeding); Nom. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 124.—Brown (N. C.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iu, 1878, 174 (Coosada, Alabama, breeding).—Ratrupun, Revised List Birds Centr. New York, 1879, 14 (Cayuga and Wayne counties, breeding, com- mon ).—Derang, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 117 (Brookline, Massachusetts, 1 spec., June).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 167 (Izalam, Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Retalhuleu, Duefias, Coban, and Choctum, Guatemala; ete.).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 441 (Izalam, Yucatan).—SHarper, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 437. [ Myiodioctes] mitratus AupuBoNn, Synopsis, 1839, 48.—Cougs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109.—SciaTerR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. M[yiodioctes] mitratus Nevson, Bull. Essex Inst., vili, 1876, 101, 152 (n. e. Illinois, rare summer resid. ).—Newron (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.— Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 313. Myodioctes mitrata Danes Trans. Ills. Agric. Soc., i, 1855, 601. Myjidioctes mitratus ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1858, 358 (Honduras). M(yioctonus] mitratus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., 1, 1850, 18. Myioctonus mitratus GuNpuLAcn, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 472 (Cuba); 1861, 407 (do. ). S[ylvicola] mitrata Maximruian, Journ. fir Orn., 1858, 115 (lower Missouri R. ) Myiodioctes mitartus (typographical error) Gress, Nat. and Fancier, Aug., 1877, 31 (breeding habits). ° Muscicapa cucullata Wittson, Am. Orn., ili, 1811, 101, pl. 26, fig. 3—BoNaAPARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 177. Muscicapa pileata StEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 399 (cites Sylvia mitrata Latham). Muscicapa selbvi AupuBON, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 46, pl. 9 (near St. Francisville, Louisiana, July 1; = adult female cae black on head). Muscicapa selbti Nurraty, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 296. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 109 WILSONIA MICROCEPHALA Ridgway. SMALL-HEADED WARBLER. Olive-green above, yellowish beneath, the wing with two whitish bands and inner webs of lateral rectrices partly white. Adult male (4).—‘** Upper parts dull olive-yellow; the wings dusky brown, edged with lighter; the greater and lesser [i. e., middle] coverts tipped with white; the lower parts dirty white, stained with dull yellow, particularly on the upper parts of the breast; the tail dusky brown, the two exterior feathers marked like those of many others, with a spot of white on the inner vanes; head remarkably small; bill broad at the base, furnished with bristles, and notched near the tip; legs dark brown; feet yellowish; eye dark hazel.”! Total length, 127; extent of wings, 209.5, Pennsylvania and New Jersey; also, according to Audubon, Ken- tucky. I am unable to satisfactorily dispose of this hypothetical species by reference to any other, the peculiar combination of characters indicated in the original description, quoted above, being shared by no other bird to my knowledge.’ Muscicapa minuta (not of Gmelin) Witsox, Am. Orn., vi, 1812, 62, pl. 50, fig. 5 (New Jersey, etc. ).—BoNAPARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 179.— Nutratu, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 296.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 291, pl. 434, fig. 2; Synopsis, oe 44; Birds Am., oct. ed., i, 1840, 238, pl. 67.—(?)Praxnopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 296 (Massachusetts).—(?) Pur- NAM, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 226. Sylvia minuta BoNAPARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., iv, 1824, 197. Wilsonia minuta BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—ALLEN, Proc. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 83; Am. Nat., ili, 1869, 577.—Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., ill, 1880, 174, 234.—Sresnecer, Auk, i, 1884, 231. Setophaga minuta RicHarpson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1836 (1837), 172.—(?) Hoy, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 309 ( Wisconsin ). [Setophaga] minuta Gray, Hand: list, 1, 1869, 244, no. 353 Bis Myiodioctes minutus Bairp, Rep. Bae R. R. Surv.,. ix, 1858, 293; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 212; Review Am. Birds, 1865, Se ee Birds E. Penn., 1869, 53 (Phila. ed., p. 42).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 316, pl. 16, fig. 2.—Brewer, Proc. ae Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Wenham, Massachusetts).—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 126.—Maynarp, Birds E. N. Am., 1882, 521.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 431, footnote. Myiodioctes? minutus Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326 (synonymy; crit. ). Muscicapa or Myiodioctes ** minuta’’? Cours, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1868, 275. Slylvania] minuta Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. Sylvania pumilia (not Sylvia pumilia Vieillot, 1807) Nurraty, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed.,i, 1840, 334 (cites Sylvia pumilia Vieillot® and Musicapa minuta Wilson). ? ' Wilson’s original description. "See Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 293; Coues, Birds Col. Val., 326. "Sylvia pumila Vieillot (Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 39, pl. 100) I am unable to identify with any American bird; certainly it is not the same as Muscicapa minuta Wilson. 710 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSETr™. Sylvania microcephala Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vili, Sept. 2, 1035, 354 (substitute for names minwa and pumilia, preoccupied ).—AMERICAN ORNI- THOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, 357 (Hypothetical List, no. 25). S[ylvania] microcephala Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 527. WILSONIA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Wilson). WILSON’S WARBLER. Adult male.—F¥orehead, superciliary region, orbital region, and entire under parts gamboge or lemon yellow, the sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive-green; crown glossy blue-black, the feathers slightly elongated, distinctly outlined; rest of upper parts uniform olive-green, the auricular region and sides of neck similar but rather more yellow- ish; maxilla dark brown, more blackish terminally; mandible paler brown, especially toward base; iris brown; legs and feet light brown- ish; length (skins), 103-113 (108.4); wing, 53-57.5 (55.6); tail, 46.5— 50.1 (48.1); exposed culmen, 7—9 (8); tarsus, 17-19 (18.2).* Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and often not distinguish- able; usually, however, slightly duller in color, with black crown- patch more restricted or more or less obscured by olive-green tips or margins to the feathers; sometimes the black entirely absent, the whole pileum, except forehead, being olive-green, the forehead and superciliary region yellow; length (skins), 104-113 (107.2); wing, 52- 55 (53.6); tail, 46-49.5 (47.5); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.4); tarsus, 17— LS TO) Eastern North America; north to Newfoundland, Labrador (Eskimo River), shores of Hudson Bay, and Manitoba; west to eastern edge of the Great Plains; breeding southward to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Maine, Massachusetts’, Ontario (Ottawa), ete.; in winter south to Santo Domingo and eastern Mexico in States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon (Monterey), Puebla (Huexotitla?; Puebla’), Vera Cruz (Jalapa?; Cordova‘), ete.; occasional during migration in Colorado (Fort Gar- land, May), Arizona (Tucson, May; Fort Whipple, May), and other parts of the Rocky Mountain district. Muscicapa pusilla Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 103, pl. 26, fig. 4.—BoNnaParre, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179.—Wriurs, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 281 (Nova Scotia). Wilsonia pusilla Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23.—ALLEN, Proce. Essex Inst., iv, 1864, 64 (Massachusetts; breeding?).—Coves, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 95.—SresneEGER, Auk, i, 1884, 231.—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 25 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGIStS’ Unton Commirrer, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123. Sylvania pusilla Nurraryt, Man. Orn. U. §. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 335, part.— AMERICAN OrniITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1866, no. 685, part.—(?) Frer- RARI-PEREZ, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 187 (Puebla and Huexotitla, Puebla, Oct., Nov.; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Sept. ).—Rmmaway, Orn. Ilinois, i, 1889, 175.—Cooxk, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 261 (Mississippi Valley localities 1 Nineteen specimens. * Ten specimens. —_— es BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. CUA and dates).—(?) THompson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 624 (Manitoba, breeding ).—NEHRLING, Orn. Native Birds, ete., i, 1893, 273, pl. 13, fig. 8.— MoItwrairn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 382 (Ottawa, breeding). { Myiodioctes| pusilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Avy., i, 1850, 315. Myiodioctes pusillus Barro, Lit. Ree. and Journ. Linn. Assoc. moe Coll. , 1; Oct: , 1845, 252; Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 213, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 240, part.—(?) sca Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera ee 1859, 263 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—(?) Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 547 (Vera Cruz, in winter ).—Covugs, nace List, 18738, no. 102, ee 2d ed., 1882, no. 147; Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326, part.—Satyin, Ibis; 1873, 334 (Santo omnes eae! Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 317, part, pl. 16, figs. 3, 4. —Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (Maine, breeding).—Rrpaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 125.—Sa.vin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 168, part.— BatcHELpvER, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 110 (upper St. Johns R., Maine and New Brunswick, breeding).—Brewsrer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 371 (Anticosti I., breeding).—Srrarns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 117 (Eskimo R., Labrador, breeding ).—SHaArpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 435, part. [ Myiodioctes| pisillus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part.—Sciarer and Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. M[yiodioctes] pusillus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 313, part. M [yiodioctes| pusilus Jordan, Man. Vertebr. E. U.S., 4th ed., 1884, 69. (2) Mytidioctes pusillus ScLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca, Jan.). Myiodioctes pusillus var. pusillus Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dee., 1872, 457, part. [ Myiodioctes pusillus.| a. M. pusillus SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 436, over list of specimens, part. [ Myiodioctes pusillus| var. pusillus Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 313, part. Sylvia ee Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179; Ann. Lyc. N.-Y., ii, 1826, 86.—Nurraui, Man. Orn. U. S. a onan i, 1832, 408. Setophaga ne JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 391. Muscicapa wilsonii AupuBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 148, pl. 124.—PEasopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 297 Myiodioctes wilsonii AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 50; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 21, pl. 75 (Labrador; Newfoundland ).—Purnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 206 (Massachusetts; breeding?).—Witiis, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 282 (Nova Scotia). Sylvania wilsonii WoopHousk, in Rep. Sitgreaves’ Expl. Zafi and Col. R., 1853, 69 (Indian Territory; Texas). (?) Sylvia petasodes LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vég., 1830, 2 (Mexico!); see Journ. ftir Orn. 1863, 57. (?) Abrornis atricapilla Buyru, Ibis, 1870, 169 (‘‘China’’; see Finsch, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, 640, 64171). ' The interrogation mark indicates doubt as to whether Lichtenstein’s and Blyth’s birds are true W. p. pusilla or the western form (W. p. pileolata). 712 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. WILSONIA PUSILLA PILEOLATA (Pallas). PILEOLATED WARBLER, Similar to W. p. pusilla, but averaging larger; coloration brighter, the upper parts more yellowish olive-green, the yellow of under parts brighter. Adult male.—Length (skins), 105-114 (109); wing, 55-60 (57.5); tail, 47-52 (50.1); exposed culmen, 7—9 (8.3); tarsus, 18-20 (18.9)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 105-116 (109.2); wing, 54.5-57 (55.4); tail, 47.5-50 (48.3); exposed culmen, 7.5—9 (8.5); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.8).” Western North America; breeding throughout the Rocky Mountain district, from western Texas (Chisos Mountains), New Mexico 7, and Arizona /, in higher mountains, northward to Alaska, including coast district (Kadiak, Yakutat, Sitka, etc.) as well as throughout the interior, westward to eastern Oregon (Fort Klamath; Tillamook) and Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; during migration over the whole of western North America (less commonly along the Pacific coast of United States 7),and eastward across the Great Plains to Minnesota (Fort Snelling, May), western Missouri (Independence), ete. ; in winter southward over whole of Mexico and Central America to Chiriqui (Boquete). Motacilla pileolata Pawwas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., i, 1826, 497 (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Myiodioctes pusillus var. pileolata Rinaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Deec., 1872, 4 part; Am. Nat., vii, 1878, 608, part (diagnosis, ete.). Myiodioctes pusillus var. pileolatus Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 319, part.—Lawrence, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Guichicovi, Chiapas). [ Myiodioctes pusillus] (. pileolata Rrpaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 437 (Truckee Valley, Nevada, Aug. 6; lower Humboldt Valley, Nevada, Sept. 5; West Humboldt Mts., Nevada, Sept. 9). , ' Twenty-one specimens. * Ten specimens. Specimens from Kadiak Island compare with others in average measurements as follows: Ex- Locality. | Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. culmen. MALES. | Four adult males from Kadiak (breeding) .......................---- | 58.6 49.7 8.7 | 19.2 Nine adult males from rest of Alaska (mostly breeding) ..........-- | 56.6 50 8.2 | 18.9 Eight adult males from Arizona (migrants) ..-.--....-....--..----.--- 58.1 50.4 | 8.1 18.6 One adult male from Colorado (breeding) .......-.....-----.-------- 57 49.5 | 8.5 19 FEMALES. Five adult females from Kadiak (breeding) ...............--.---..-- 55.5 48.5 8.7 18.6 Hive adult females from \restof Alaska) 222-5. 22e2-- sees ecee seco 55.3 48.2 8.3 | 19 One adult female from Wyoming (breeding) .........-.....---...--. 55 47.5 9 18 on ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 13 (?) Myiodioctes pusillus pileolatus Mrarns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 164 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, Apr.). Myiodioctes pusillus pileolatus Mr1not, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 228 (Seven Lakes, Colorado, breeding).—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 125a, part.—Covres, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 148, part.—BEaAn, Brod: Wess: Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 147 (Yakutat and Kadiak, Alaska).—ALLEN and Brew- steR, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vili, 1883, 159 (Colorado Springs, Colorado, after May 12).—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Jan. 16 to 24). Myiodioctes pusillus var. pileolata Cours, Check List, 1875, App., p. 125, no. 102a, part. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 95, part.— Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 174, part.—Netson, N. Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 60 (Tres Marias).—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CommitTTrer, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123.—Oscoop, N. Am. Fauna, no. 21, 1901, 49 (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, breeding) . Sylvania pusilla pileolata Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vill, Sept. 2, 1885, 354, part.—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 6850, part.— Newson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (coast of Alaska).—(?) Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 36 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, migrant).—(?) MERRILL, Auk, v, 1888, 362 (Fort Klamath, Oregon, breeding).—CnHeErrtkr, Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San José, Costa Rica, Oct. 27 to Mar. 6).—Rwoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 55, part (Vancouver I., etc., British Columbia; erita)s2Auk, x, 1893. § 23, part (do.; see Auk, xi, 1894, 50).—Jouy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777 (Juanacatlan, Jalisco, Jan. ).—GRINNELL, Auk, xv, 1898, 129 (Sitka, Alaska). S[ylvania] pusilla pileolata Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 528, part. M{[yiodioctes p[usillus] pileolatus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314, part. [ Myiodioctes pusillus.] (. M. pileolatus SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 437, in list of specimens (Presidio, Sinaloa; Guatemala; Irazu district and Bar- ranca, Costa Rica; Volean de Chiriqui, ete. ). Muscicapa pusilla (not of Wilson) Henry, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, 1855, 308 (New Mexico). Sylvania pusilla Nutrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 535, part.— GAMBEL, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 38, part (Rocky Mts).—NeEtson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 204 (Yukon Valley, Norton Sound, Kot- zebue Sound, ete.).—TownsEenp, Auk, iv. 1887, 13 (Kowak R., Alaska). Wilsonia pusilla ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 175 (Colorado, breed- ing from 8,000 ft. to timber line; Wyoming; Utah). (2) Myiodioctes pusillus ScLATER and SALvIn, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Dnenas, Guatemala).— CaBanis, Journ. fir Orn., 1860, 325 (Costa Rica).—Buaxkrston, Ibis, 1863, 63 (Mackenzie R.).—Lorp, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst., iv, 1864, 115, part ( British Columbia).—Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 478 eee se Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 294 (Costa Rica).—Scriater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 34 (Mexico); Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1869, 374 (Oaxaca).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volean de Changin —BoucarD, Proe. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 52 (Costa Rica). Myiodioctes pusillus Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 213, part; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. 2, 1859, 10 (Frontera, Texas; Monterey, Nueva Leon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 240, part.—Coues, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Arizona, breeding in mountains); Check List, 1878, no. 102, part; 2d ed., 1882, no. 147; Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326, part.—Law- 714 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. RENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Barranca, Grecia, and San José, Costa Rica); Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270 (Guadalajara, Jalisco; Tepie; Colima).—Burcner, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 149 (Laredo, Texas).— Datvtand Bannister, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci.,i, 1869, 278 (Yukon R., Kadiak, and Sitka, Alaska).—Cooperr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 101, part.—AIkEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1872, 197 (Colorado, May).—Finscn, Abh. Nat. Brem., ili, 1872, 36 (Alexandrovsk, Alaska).—Trippr, in Coues Birds N. W., 1874, 232 (Col- orado, breeding near timber line).—Bairp, Brewer, and RipGway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 317, part.—Hensnaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Sury., 1873 (1874), 59 (Denver, Colorado, May 14), 75 (South Park, Colo- rado, June 24, and Garland, May 28), 103 (Apache and Bowie, Arizona, Sept., Oct.); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 207, excl. syn., part.— Rripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., vii, 1875, 32 (Wasatch Mts., Utah, breeding).— Nexson, Proe. Bost. Soc. N. H., xviii, 1875, 343 (mountains s. of Fort Bridger, Wyoming, summer).—Satvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 168, part.—Nurrine, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 494 (Irazu, Costa Rica).— McLeneGan, Cruise ‘‘Corwin,’’ 1884, 114 (Kowak R., Alaska).—SHaARpE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 435, part. [ Myiodioctes] pusillus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part.—ScLarEer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. (2) [Myiidioctes pusillus ScuaTEr, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca). Myiodioctes pusillus var. pusillus Rrpaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dec., 1872, 457, part. [ Myiodioctes pusillus] «. pusillus Rrpaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 457 (West Humboldt and East Humboldt mountains, Nevada, Aug., Sept.; Antelope I., Utah, May 24). (2?) [Myiodioctes pusillus.] a. M. pusillus SHarpx, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 436, in list of specimens, part (Oaxaca; Duefias and Coban, Guatemala; Irazu district, Costa Rica). [ Myiodioctes pusillus| var. pusillus Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 318, part. (2?) M[yioctonus] pusillus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 18 (Mexico). WILSONIA PUSILLA CHRYSEOLA Ridgway. GOLDEN PILEOLATED WARBLER. Similar to W. p. pileolata, but slightly smaller and much more brightly colored; olive-green of upper parts much more yellowish, almost olive-yellow in extreme examples; yellow of forehead and superciliary region (especially the former) inclining more or less to orange; yellow of under parts purer, more intense. Adult male.—Length (skins), 104-117 (110.5); wing, 53-59 (55.4); tail, 45-52 (49.1); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8.3); tarsus, 17-19.5 (18.2)." Adult female.—Length (skins), 104-115 (108.6); wing, 50-55 (52.9); tail, 45.5-50 (47.8); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 17-19.5 (18.3).” Pacific coast district of United States and British Columbia; breed- ing from southern California (San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura counties) northward to British Columbia (New Westminster; Mount Lehman); during migration southward and eastward to eastern 1 Twenty-four specimens. * Ten specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. T15 Oregon (Fort Klamath, May, August), Arizona (Pinal County, Sep- tember, October; Lowell, April; Fort Verde, May; San Francisco Mountains, August 51; Cienega; Tucson), Chihuahua (San Diego, April 15), Sonora (San José Mountains, October), and Lower Cali- fornia (to Cape St. Lucas). (?) Sylvania pusilla (not Muscicapa pusilla Wilson) Nurrati, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., 2d ed., 1840, 335, part (Oregon). Sylvania pusilla GAMBEL, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1847, 38, part (California). Myiodioctes pusillus Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 293, part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 215, part; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 240, part.—Hererr- MANN, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, 1859, 39 (California).—(?) Xanrus, Proe. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., xi, 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, California).—Coorrr and SuckLey, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., xii, pt. 2, 1860, 182 (Fort Steilacoom, Washington ).—(?) Lorp, Proc. Roy. Art. Inst. Woolwich, iv, 1864, 115, part (British Colambia).—Cooprr, Orn. Cal., 1870, 101, part. —Covurs, Check List, 1873, no. 102, part; Birds N. W., 1874, 79, part; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 326, part.—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. , X, 1885, 435, part. [ Myiodioctes] pusillus Cougs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109, part. Myiodioctes pusillus var. pileolata Ripaway, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Dee., 1872, 457, part; Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 608, part. Myiodioctes ae var. pileolatus Batrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 319, part.—(?) Hensnaw, Rep. Orn. Specs. Wheeler’s Surv., 1876, a 4 (Fort Tejon and Mount Whitney, California, Aug., Sept. ). Myiodiocies pusillus pileolatus Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, Jan., 1879, 40 (Nicasio, Marin Co., California; deser. young female); vii, 1882, 139 (Cienega, Tucson, etc., Arizona; crit.) —Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 125«, part.—Couegs, Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 148, part. M[yiodioctes| plusillus] pileolatus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314, part. Myiodiocles pusillus . . . var. pileolata Cours, Check List, 1873, App., p. 125, no. 102a, part. Myiodioctes pusillus, 8. pileolata Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, March 21, 1879, 407 (central California). Wilsonia pusilla pileolata Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vy, 1880, 95, part. —Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 174 part. —AmMeErIcAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton CommiTTEE, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123, part.—Kosss, Auk, xvii, 1900, 357 (Cape Disappointment, Washington, breeding ).—MaiLLarp, Condor, iii, 1901, 126 (San Benito Co., California, breeding). (?) Mytodioctes pileolatus Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, March 20, 1879, 391 (Calaveras Co., California). Sylvania pusilla pileolata Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, Sept. 2, 1885, 354, part.—AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 685a, part.— EverRMANN, Auk, iii, 1886, 185 (Ventura Co., California, breeding).—-BEL- DING, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 20) breeding at Poway, San Bernardino Vailey, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, ete., California).—Ruoanbs, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1893, 55, part (Vancouver I., British Columbia; crit.); Auk, x, 1893, 23, part (do.).—GRINNELL, Rep. Birds Santa Barbara I., ete., 1897, 8 (Santa Barbara I., California, May 14-16); Pub. ii, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 47 (Los Angeles Co., California; summer resid. in willow districts). S[ylvania] pusilla pileolata Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 528, part. ?) [Myiodioctes pusillus.| 8. M. pileolatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 437, in list of specimens, part (west side oe ky Mts., British Columbia; California). 716 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. WILSONIA CANADENSIS (Linnzus). CANADIAN WARBLER, Upper parts gray tinged with olive in young and autumnal speci- mens; under tail-coverts white. Adult male.'—Forehead and crown black, the feathers (except some- times those on forehead) margined with gray, producing a scaled ap- pearance; forehead sometimes with a median line (more or less distinct) of yellowish; rest of upper parts, together with sides of neck and posterior portion of auricular region, plain gray (nearly slate-gray); upper and anterior portion of lores, malar region, and under parts (except under tail-coverts) lemon or canary yellow, the outer portion of sides and flanks slightly tinged with olive; under tail-coverts white, sometimes tinged with yellow toward anal region; a conspicuous orbital ring of white or yellowish white, more decidedly yellowish on upper portion; loral spot, suborbital region, together with anterior and lower portion of auricular region, black; this continued (sometimes brokenly) along sides of lower neck (between the gray and the yellow) and con- tinued across the chest ina series of spots or streaks;” bill dusky horn color, the mandible paler, except (sometimes) at tip; iris brown; legs and feet pale buffy brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 121-131.3 (125.7); wing, 64.5-67.1 (66.3); tail, 54.6-57.4 (56.1); exposed culmen, 10.2-11.2 (10.7); tarsus, 18-19.6 (19); middle toe, 10.7—11.9 (11.2).° Adult female.—Above, including auricular region and sides of neck, plain gray, tinged with olive, especially on back and pileum, the latter often showing darker centers to feathers of forehead or forehead and crown; upper and anterior portion of lores and conspicuous orbital ring pale yellow or yellowish white; loral spot and suborbital region dusky olive-gray, this sometimes continued posteriorly along lower portion of sides of neck; malar region and under parts, except under tail-coverts, lemon or canary yellow (slightly paler and duller than in adult male); under tail-coverts white; chest streaked with olive, the streaks sometime partly black;* bill, iris, and feet as in the adult male; leneth oon) 116.1-124.7 (119.6); wing, 60.4— os 5 (62.5); tail, 51-53.3 i ee from Central and South ee specimens, the nlc ot the adult male is apparently the same in autumn and winter as in spring and summer. ? The amount of this black spotting or streaking of the chest varies greatly in differ- ent specimens, some having the whole chest so heavily spotted with black (the spots being deltoid in shape) that they overlap and almost form a ‘‘solid’’ patch, while others have only a few small guttate spots or streaks across the anterior portion; usually, the markings, in amount and character, are about halfway between these extremes. ° Kight specimens. *In adult females having black streaks on the chest the feathers of forehead and crown are distinctly centered with black. Such specimens are very much like those adult males having the least amount of black streaking or spotting on the chest. a ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ie (52.6); exposed culmen, 9.9-11.4 (10.7); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.3); middle toe, 9.4-11.7 (10.7).’ Immature male in jirst autumn and winter. tion to the adult female. Immature female in first autumn and winter.—Similar to the adult female and immature male, but upper parts more strongly tinged with olive, and markings on chest much less distinct, sometimes obsolete. Young, first plumage.—Above plain broccoli brown or drab, the feathers ash gray beneath the surface; middle and greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with buff, forming two distinct bands across wing; rem- iges and rectrices brownish gray, with edges slightly paler; sides of head and neck, chin, throat, chest, and sides of breast pale buffy brown: rest of under parts pale straw or primrose yellow. Eastern North America; north to Newfoundland, southern Labrador and Manitoba (Lake Winnipeg); west to eastern edge of the Great Plains, casually to Colorado (Lincoln County, May 23); breeding south- ward to Massachusetts (Winchendon; Berkshire County; Essex County), central New York (Oneida County), southern Ontario, Mich- igan (Mackinac Island), and Minnesota (St. Louis and Lake counties), and southward through mountains of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia to North Carolina (2,500 to 4,000 feet); in winter south through sastern Mexico and Central America to Ecuador (numerous localities and records) and Peru. (Quite similar in colora- [ Muscicapa] canadensis Lrxnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 327 (based on Gobe- mouche cendré de Canada, Muscicapa canadensis cinerea, Brisson, Orn. ii, 406, pl. 39, fig. 4).—GmeE.in, Syst. Nat.,i, pt. ii, 1788, 987.—Laruam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 484. Muscicapa canadensis Witson, Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 100, pl. 26, fig. 2.—STEPHENs, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 350.—Vtieriior, Enc. Méth., 11, 18238, 810.—Bona- PARTE, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 178.—AvupuBon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 7 pla l03: Setophaga canadensis JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., i, 1832, 358. S[etophaga] canadensis Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. [Setophaga] canadensis Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3536. Myiodioctes canadensis AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 49; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 14, pl. 72.—ScuatEr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1854, 111 (Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 143 (Bogota, Colombia); 1858, 64 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador), 451 (Gualaquiza and Zamora, Ecuador); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 34 (Bogota).—Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., i, 1856, 206 (Massachusetts, breeding).—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia).—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 1x, 1858, 294; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 214; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 239.— ScLaTeR and Satvin, Ibis, 1859, 11 (Guatemala).—Lawrencer, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1862, 467 (Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 95 (Dota Mts., Costa Rica) .— BOARDITAN, Proc. Bost. Soc., ix, 1862, 125 (Maine, breeding).—BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1863, 63 (Saskatchewan ).—DreEsser, Ibis, 1865, 478 (Texas).—MclIL- WRAITH, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, 86 (Hamilton, Ontario ).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Dota, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, ‘Seven specimens. 718 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 294 (Costa Rica).—Covrs, Check List, 1873, no. 103; 2d ed., 1882, no. 149; Birds N. W., 1874, 80; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 323.—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 320, pl. 16, fig. 6.—Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. H., xvii, 1875, 440 (New England; summer resid. ).—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 60 (descr. young).—Harcn, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. for 1879 (1880), 160 (St. Louis and Lake counties, Minnesota, breeding ).—Goss, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 246 (Neosho R., Kansas, Aug. 29).—Ripeway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 127.—Satvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 166.—SHarpk, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 432 ( Duenas, Retalhuleu, Volcan de Fuego, and Coban, Guatemala; Irazu district, Costa Rica; Bogota, Colombia; Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; ‘‘ Mexico;”’ “* Brazil’? ).—Taczanowski and Beruepscn, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1885, 74 (Machay and Mapoto, Ecuador, Noy., Feb.).—Satvapori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xv, no. 351, 1899, 8 (Valle del Zamora and Valle del Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador, Dec., Mar.).—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Apr. 7). [ Myiodioctes| canadensis Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 109.—SciaTer and SaL- vin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. M[yiodioctes] canadensis Netson, Bull. Essex Inst., vill, 1876, 101, 152 (n. e. Ih- nois, a few breeding).—Cours, Key N. Am. B irda: 2d ed., 1884, 314. Dendreca canadensis (not Dendroica canadensis Baird) TaczaANnowskt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (Tambillo, n. Peru). (See Taezanowski, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1882, 6.) Eluthlypis] canadensis CABANIS, Mus. Hein., 1, 1850, 18. Buthlypis canadensis CABANIS, Journ. ee 1860, 326 (highlands Costa Rica).— ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 187 269 (e. Florida, Mar. ). Wilsonia canadensis Cours, Bull. Nae Orn. Club, v, Apr., 1880, 95.—Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 174.— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION Com- MITTEE, Auk, xvi, 1899, 123.—ArKeEn, Auk, xvii, 1900, 298 (Lake, Lincoln Co., Colorado; 1 spec., May 23, 1899). Sylvania canadensis Rrpaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Sept. 2, 1885, 354; Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 176.—AmeErRICAN OrNiTHOLOGIStTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 686.—Brewster, Auk, iii, 1886, 175 (mountains of w. North Carolina, breeding from 3,000 ft. upward); v, 1888, 392 (Winchendon, Massachusetts, breeding ).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 259 (Berkshire and Essex counties, Massachusetts, breeding).—Ratru, Trans. Oneida Hist. Soe., iii, 1886, 142 (Oneida Co., New York, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—Luoyn, Auk, iv, 1887, 297 (Concho Co., Texas, 1 spec., August ).—LAWRENCE (R. B.), Auk, iv, 1887, 349 (Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Cooxer, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 262 (e. Nebraska; e. Kansas; s..e. Texas, etc.; dates of migr.).—CHERRIE, Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San José, Costa Rica, Sept. 29 to Oct. 6).—THompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiii, 1890, 624 (Manitoba, breed- ing).—Srong, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, 437 (Luzerne Co., Pennsyl- vania, breeding); Auk, xi, 1894, 182 (Pocono Mts., Pennsylvania, breeding ).— Topp, Auk, vili, 1891, 399 (Butler and Armstrong counties, Pennsylvania, breeding); x, 18938, 46 (Clearfield Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Dwiaut, Auk, ix, 1892, 139 (Cresson and North Mt., Pennsylvania, breeding).— Waire, Auk, x, 1893, 229 (Mackinac I., Michigan, breeding).—NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 269, pl. 13, fig. 8.—McILwrairn, Birds Ontario, 1894, 383 (s. Ontario, breeding ).—Ruoaps, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, 497 (Roan Mt. and Monroe Co., North Carolina, breeding petwenn 2,500 and 4,000 ft.).—Cona@pon, Auk, xii, 1895, 189 (Dingmans Ferry, Pike Co., Pennsylvania, breeding).—Younc, Auk, xiii, 1896, 285 (Delano and Hazle Creek Junction, Pennsylvania, breeding).—Bairy, Auk, xiii, 1896, 296 (n. Elk Co., Pennsylvania, breeding ).—Rives, Auk, xv, 1898, 137 (West = BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 719 Virginia, breeding in spruce belt).—FLEemMinG, AUK, xviil, 1901, 44 (Mus- koka, ete., n. w. Ontario, common summer resid. ). Sylvia pardalina Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1824, 179 (cites M. canadensis Wilson); Ann: Lye. N. Y., 11, 1826, 79.—Nutrraui, Man. Orn. WE s:-and Can.. 1, 1832) 372: Sylvicola pardalina BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 22.—Brerwer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1856, 5 (descr. nest and eggs). [| Myiodioctes| pardalina Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 315. Myodioctes pardalina Prarren, Trans. Ils. Agric. Soe., 1855, 601. Muscicapa bonapartti AupuBon, Orn. Biog., 1, 1831, 27, pl. 5 (St. Francisville, Louisiana, Aug. 13;=young in autumn). Setophaga bonapartii Swainson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii pl. 47. [Setophaga] bonapartii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3538. Wilsonia bonapartii BoNAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 28.—SrEJNEGER, Auk, i, 1884, 231. Myiodioctes bonapartii AuDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 49; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 17, pl. 73.—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 295; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 215. Sylvania bonapartii Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 332. Setophaga nigro-cincta LAPRESNAYE, Rey. Zool., iv, Oct., 1843, 292 (Colombia) ; 1844, 79. Myiodioctes cerulescens (lapsus for canadensis) LAwrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Barrio, Oaxaca; Guichicovi, Chiapas). , 1831, 225, Genus CARDELLINA DuBus. Cardellina DuBus, Esquis. Orn., 1850, pl. 25. (Type, C. amicta DuBus, = Muscicapa rubrifrons Giraud, ) Medium-sized ** fly-catching” Mniotiltide with the bill short and stout (basal depth nearly equal to basal width, exposed culmen not longer than middle toe without claw), the culmen decidedly curved; rictal bristles reaching but little beyond nostrils; wing-tip equal to tarsus; tail even; rump and under parts of body white, back gray, fore-— head and throat red, crown and auricular region black. Bill not more than half as long as head, deeper than broad at anterior margin of nostrils, nearly as deep as broad at base; culmen decidedly curved; maxillary tomium with subterminal notch indistinct; gonys faintly convex. Nostril rather large, obliquely oval, occupying about lower anterior half of nasal foss, largely concealed by latero-frontal feathering. Rictal bristles moderately developed, the longest reach- ing but little beyond nostrils, when directed forward. Wine long, rather pointed (seventh primary longest, eighth and sixth but little shorter, the ninth intermediate between sixth and fifth); wing-tip long, equal to tarsus. Tail decidedly shorter than wing but longer than dis- tance from bend of wing to tip of secondaries, even, the rectrices broad and rounded at tips. Tarsus about one-fourth as long as wing or slightly more, its scutella indistinct or obsolete on outer side; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for nearly its entire length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. 720 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Coloration.—Upper parts gray, with a nuchal band and the rump white; crown and auricular region black; forehead, lores, chin, throat, and post-auricular region red; sexes alike. Nidification.—Terrestrial. Range.—Southwestern border of United States to highlands of Gua- temala. (Monotypic.) CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS (Giraud). RED-FACED WARBLER, Adult male.—F¥orehead, lores, eyelids, suborbital region (except posterior portion), malar region, chin, throat, upper chest, and sides of neck vermilion or poppy red, most intense on forehead; crown, anterior portion of occiput, auricular region, and posterior portion of suborbital region uniform glossy black; a transverse patch or band of white (usually more or less tinged with pink) on nape, partly hidden by the elongated black feathers of occiput; hindneck, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coyerts, and upper rump uniform gray (varying from slate-gray t mouse gray); lower rump white, sometimes tinged with pink; upper tail-coverts gray (rather paler than back, often with still paler or even sometimes whitish tips, especially the shorter coverts; larger wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices dusky gray with slate-gray edgings the middle coverts more or less distinctly and rather broadly tipped with white or pale gray; under parts of body white, more or less strongly tinged with pink, especially on breast, shading into gray on sides of breast and anterior portion of sides; bill brownish, the maxilla darker; legs and feet horn brown (in dried skins); len: th (skins), 118-135 (124.5); wing, 65.5-70.5 (68.1); tail, 57-61 (59.4); exposed culm n, 8-9 (8.6); tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.7)." Adult female.—Similar to the adult male in coloration and often quite indistinguishable, but usually very slightly duller in color and averaging a little smaller; length (skins), 113-126 (121.5); wing, 63-70 (66); tail, 55.5-61 (58.5); exposed culmen, 7.5—9 (8.6); tarsus, 17-18.5 (17.9).! ' Eleven specimens. Specimens from different localities average respectively as follows: el Locality. Wing. | Tail. boned | Tarsus. culmen. MALES. Five adult males from Arizona and Sonora....-......---.-----.-.----- 68.2 59 8.6 | 17.8 Three adult males from Durango, Jalisco, and Guerrero ..........-- 67.5 59.3 8.5 | 17.7 Threeadult malestrom Guatemala. o--- . <2. ceccee cence snes eeeae. 68.3 60 8.8 | 17.8 FEMALES. | Eight adult females from Arizona, Sonora, and northern Chihuahua. 65.9 58. 4 8.6 | 17.9 Two awit femal es trom alisCOsssen acre coe eae e aenelseemine ce een a aes 66.7 59.5 8.7 | 17.5 One‘adult female from (Guatemalan --_ca-c2--o-se ss ete oe cena ee ee eel 66 58.5 8.6 17.9 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. U2: Young in first autumn and winter.'—Similar to the duller colored adults, but much duller, the red of throat, etc., paler, inclining to flesh color, white of under parts and nuchal patch tinged with buff or salmon color, and gray of upper parts more brownish. Young, first plumage.—Upper parts, including entire pileum, plain sooty brown, the pileum and hindneck sometimes inclining to prouts brown or raw wnber; rump white; upper tail-coverts brownish gray with paler tips; wings grayish dusky with paler grayish edgings, the middle and greater coverts tipped with dull buff or pale brownish buffy, forming two more or less distinct bands; tail as in adults; sides of head like pileum; chin, throat, and chest plain light buffy grayish brown or broccoli brown, the sides of neck similar but more buffy; rest of under parts dull white, shaded on sides (especially sides of breast) with pale brownish gray or grayish brown. Higher mountains of southern Arizona (Mount Graham, Catalina Mountains, Huachuca Mountains, etc.) and New Mexico (Fort Bay- ard) and southward over more elevated parts of Mexico to highlands of Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego; Totonicapam). Muscicapa rubrifrons GrrAuD, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 27, pl. 7, fig. 1 (‘‘Texas’’).—SciaTer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66 (referred to genus Cardellina). Setophaga rubrifrons Batrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 (CGoMexas’2 Cardellina rubrifrons SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855, 66, in text; 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 374 (Cinco Sefiores, Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 37 (s. Mexico).—Barirp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Survey, ix, 1858, 306 (synonymy); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 264 (Mexico; Totonicapam, Guate- mala).—Satvin, Ibis, 1866, 192 (Volcan de Fuego and Totonicapam, Guate- mala); 1874, 99 (do.).—HeEnsHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 211 (Mount Graham and mountains near Apache, Arizona; breeding habits).— Cougs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 331; Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 150.—ALLEN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 89.—Brewsrer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 68 (Fort Bayard, New Mexico, July 16).—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 181.—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 162.— SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 408.—Scorr, Auk, ii, 1885, 353 (Pima Co., Arizona); v, 1888, 36 (Catalina Mts., Arizona).—AMERICAN OrniTHoLoGists’ Union, Check List, 1886, no. 690.—Pricr, Auk, v, 1888, 385 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona; breeding habits).—NerxHriInG, Our Native Birds, etc., 1, 1898, 280, pl. 32, fig. 2. [ Cardellina] rubrifrons ScuarErR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. CLardellina] rubrifrons Couns, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 314.—Ripe@way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. Basileuterus rubrifrons Scuater, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). Cardellina amicta Du Bus, Esq. Orn., 1850, pl. 25. [ Cardellina] amicta BoNAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 312. [Setophaga] amicta Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3531. ' This plumage apparently retained during the second year. 3654—voL 2—01———46 (22 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson. Setophaga Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, May, 1827, 368. (Type, Muscicapa ruticilla Linnzeus. ) Cetophaga (emendation) Lesson, Man. d’Orn., ii, 1828, 430. Sylvania, part, Nurratyi, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., i, 1832, 290. (Proposed as a substitute for Setophaga Swainson; see Coues, Auk, xiv, 1897, 223. ) Small **fly-catching” Mniotiltidee with the bill much shorter than head, much depressed, triangular or broadly wedge-shaped in vertical profile, with rictal bristles not reaching nearly to tip; ninth primary longer than fifth; tail decidedly shorter than wing, rounded; adult males (both sexes in one species) black, varied with red (or orange) and white. Bill about half as long as head, much depressed, broad at base, its vertical profile triangular or broadly wedge-shaped; culmen sharply ridged, straight for basal half or more, strongly decurved terminally; commissure nearly straight, the maxillary tomium with distinct sub- terminal notch. Nostril longitudinally oval or elliptical, in lower anterior portion of nasal fosse, overhung by a broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles conspicuously developed, but not reach- ing much if any beyond middle of bill (when directed forward). Wing ‘ather long, pointed (ninth to seventh or eighth to sixth primaries longest, the ninth equal to or longer than fifth, sometimes longer than sixth); wing-tip equal to tarsus (S. rutie‘//a) or a little shorter (S. picta). Tail shorter than wing, but decidedly longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, decidedly rounded, the ree- trices rather broad, subacuminate (S. rutici//a) or rounded (S. prcta) at tips. Tarsus slightly less than one-fourth as long as wing, its scu- tella rather distinct; middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tar- sus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length, or less, to inner toe. Coloration.—Adult males (both sexes of one species) black, varied with red (or orange) and white; head, neck, and upper parts uniform black; breast with a median patch of red (extending to abdomen) or with lateral patches of orange or yellow (extending to under wing- coverts); wings with a large white patch on greater or middle coverts, or with basal portion of secondaries extensively pale orange or yellow; lateral rectrices extensively white, or else with basal half or more pale orange or yellow. Nidification.—Arboreal in S. ruticilla, terrestrial (in holes of banks, or beneath projecting stones) in S. pzcta. Lange.—Temperate North America, to highlands of Guatemala; in winter throughout West Indies and to northern South America. (Two species. ) The two species of Setophaga differ very slightly in the details of BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 123 external structure, certainly not enough to warrant their generic sepa- ration. The type species, S. ruticilla, has the outermost (ninth) pri- mary sometimes equal to or longer than the sixth, sometimes shorter; in S. preta it is much shorter, or only a little longer than the fifth, the eighth, seventh, and sixth primaries being nearly equal and long- -est, while in S. ru¢ici//a the ninth, eighth, and seventh are sometimes, but not always, all longer than the sixth. In S. p/cta the bill is rela- tively smaller and the rictal bristles relatively somewhat shorter; the rectrices are obtusely rounded at tips, and the sexes are alike in coloration; whereas in Sv ruticilla the bill and rictal bristles are slightly more developed, the rectrices are subacuminate at tips, and the sexes very different in color.' KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF SETOPHAGA. a. Head, neck, and upper parts black. b. The black glossy; under parts partly red, orange, yellow. c. Basal half or more of secondaries and lateral rectrices pale orange or yellow; middle and greater wing-coverts black; sides of breast orange or yellow; axillars and under wing-coverts orange or yellow; median portion of breast and abdomen white. (Temperate North America, except parts of south- western portions; West Indies and through Central America to northern South America in winter.)......-..- Setophaga ruticilla, adult male (p. 724) ec. Secondaries wholly black or with white edges; lateral rectrices largely white; middle and greater wing-coverts white; sides of breast black; axillars and under wing-coverts white; median portion of breast and abdomen vermilion red. d. Third rectrix with greater part of its outer web and a large portion of the inner web (at end) white. (Highlands of Mexico, north to southern Ari- ADS VOM aos Sees Se Setophaga picta picta, adult male and female (p. 728) dd. Third rectrix with outer web entirely black, the inner web with little if any white. (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas. ) Setophaga picta guatemale, adult male and female (p. 729) bb. The black without gloss, more sooty; under parts dusky grayish or sooty, with- out red, orange, or yellow. c. Third rectrix with more white (as in oe d’’ above). Setophaga picta picta, young (p. 728) ce. Third rectrix with little if any white (as in ‘‘dd”’ above). Setophaga picta guatemale, young (p. 729) aa. Head grayish (paler, almost white, on throat); rest of upper parts olive or olive- grayish (tail blackish or dusky), the basal portion of secondaries and lateral rectrices pale yellow. Setophaga ruticilla, adult female and young male (pp. 724, 725) 'For at least the first year, the male of S. ruticilla resembles the adult female in coloration, two years, or more, being required to complete the full adult livery. In S. picta, on the other hand, both sexes molt, in the first autumn, directly from the sooty nestling plumage (without red on under parts) into the adult dress. (24 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linnzus). AMERICAN REDSTART. Adult male.—Head, neck, chest, and upper parts uniform black, with a more or less decided bluish gloss, except on remiges, and rec- trices; basal portion of remiges (except two innermost tertials) and more than basal half of rectrices, except two (sometimes only one) middle pairs, pale orange, saturn red, or salmon-pink, this occupy- ing the full width of both webs;' a large patch on each side of chest and breast, together with axillars and under wing-coverts, bright saturn red;” rest of under parts white, usually with more or less of black be- tween the orange-red lateral patches and the white in middle of breast;* longer under tail-coverts sometimes partly black or dusky; bill wholly black in spring and summer, more brownish, with mandible paler brown, in fall and winter;* iris brown; legs and feet dark brown or blackish; length (skins), 117-127 (121.3); wing, 61-67 (63.5); tail, 52-58 (55.1); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8.5); tarsus, 17-19 (17.9); middle toe, 9-11 (10.1).° Adult female.—Very different from the adult male. Pileum and hindneck plain mouse gray; back, scapulars, and rump plain light olive or grayish olive-green; upper tail-coverts, middle rectrices, and terminal portion or other, rectrices dusky; wings dusky (not so dark as dusky portion of tail) with light olive edgings; basal portion of remiges and rectrices (except one or two middle pairs of the latter and two innermost secondaries) light yellow, that on the remiges more restricted than the orange-red in the male, often not showing at all on primaries; sides of head paler gray than pileum, especially the lores and superciliary region; malar region, chin, throat, and chest dull grayish white; rest of under parts more decidedly white, with a con- ‘Sometimes the outer web of outermost primary and more rarely that of the one next to it (eighth) has none of this color at the base; usually it is edged with it. The extent of the pale orange or saturn red on the remiges varies considerably, but nearly always it occupies less than half the exposed portion of the secondaries, except sometimes on the innermost ones, and on the primaries never involves more than the basal third, usually much less. The rectrices next to the middle pair usually have the basal half of outer web salmon-pink, the inner web entirely or mostly black. * There is little variation in this color, which is practically the same in at least 90 per cent of the specimens examined; very rarely, however, the orange-red is replaced, not only on sides of breast but also on the wings and tail, by yellow. *Often there is a ‘‘solid’’? patch of black between the lateral orange-red and median white, sometimes extending backward as far as the flanks; more rarely the black ends abruptly on the chest, with a rounded or convex posterior outline. Fre- quently the white portions are tinged with orange-red, especially on sides and flanks; very rarely the white is entirely replaced by orange-red. (See Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 70. ) *There is no difference in color of plumage according to season, except that fall and winter specimens, being in fresher feather, are rather more richly colored. ° Fifteen specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. (25 spicuous patch of yellow on each side of chest and breast, the median portion of breast, together with sides and flanks, sometimes tinged with yellow; bill dark brown or brownish black in summer, pale brown in winter; iris, legs, and feet as in adult male; length (skins), 112-121 (116.9); wing, 58-66 (61.1); tail, 49-58 (54.1); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.8): tarsus, 15-18 (17.1); middle toe, 9-11 (10.4).’ Immature male.”—Similar in coloration to the adult female and sometimes indistinguishable,* but usually (7) with the back, etc., more brownish olive and the yellow patch on side of breast more orange or salmon color. Immature female.—Similar to the adult female but gray of head and neck more brownish, less strongly contrasted with olive of back; throat and chest (especially the latter) tinged with brownish buff; yel- low on sides of breast less distinct, and that at base of secondaries almost (sometimes entirely) concealed. Young (both sexes), first plumage.—Above plain grayish brown, beneath plain grayish white, deepening into pale gray on chest; no yellow on sides of breast; wings and tail as in older birds, but middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with dull white or pale yellowish, forming two bands. Temperate North America in general, except Pacific coast district and western portions of Rocky Mountain district, within the United States; breeding northward in the Atlantic coast district to Nova Scotia, in the interior to Mackenzie (Fort Simpson, Fort Resolution, etc.), and on the Pacific coast to southern Alaska (Point Gustavus, Glacier Bay), westward to Utah (Wasateh Mountains), Idaho (fort Sherman), east- ern Washington (Okanogan County), and British Columbia (chiefly east of Cascade Mountains), southward to Mississippi, etc.; occurring cas- ually or occasionally in California (Haywards, June 20), Oregon (John Day River, July 1), Lower California (Miraflores and La Paz, Feb- ruary, March), Arizona (Catalina Mountains, August 2,’Tuecson, spring), and other parts of extreme western United States; in winter south throughout West Indies, Mexico, and Central America to northern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and British Gquiana). [ Motacilla] ruticilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 186 (based on The Red- Start, Ruticilla americana, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 67, pl. 67). [Muscicapa] ruticilla Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 326.—GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 935. —LatTHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 473. Muscicapa ruticilla Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 33 (ex Gobe-mouche,@ Amerique, Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 566, figs. 1, 2).—Vt1eriiot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 66, pls. 35, 36.—Witson, Am. Orn., i, 1808, 1038, pl. 6, fig. 6; v, 1812, 119, pl. 45, fig. 2,.—SrepHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xi, 1817, 362.—BoNnaPaRTE, 1 Kleven specimens. ? The male is several years in acquiring the full plumage. 3 Unless some specimens have been incorrectly determined as to sex. =, ( 6 ~ 6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1824, 170; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1826, 68.— AupwuBon, Orn. Biog., i, 1831, 202, pl. 40; v, 1839, 428; sees 1839, 44; Birds Am., oct. ed., i, 1840, 240, pl. 68.—D’Orprany, in La Sagra’s Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., 1839, 87.—Dernny, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, 38 (Ja- maica; Cuba).—Wi.uis, Ann. Rep: Smithson. Inst. for 1858 (1859), 281 (Nova Scotia). Muscicapa (Sylvania) ruticilla Nurraty, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., i, 1832, 291. Setophaga ruticilla Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., 1, 1827, 368; Zool. Journ., iii, May, 1827, 360; Isis, 1830, 1156.—Swainson and RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.- Am., li, 1831, 223.—Bonapartr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, 118 (Guate- mala); Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 24.—Nurrautt, Man. Orn. U. 8. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 327.—Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 164.—CaBanis, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit. Guiana, ill, 1848, 66; Journ. far Orn., 1856, 472 (Cuba); 1860, 325 (Costa Rica).—Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1854, 111 (Quijos, Ecuador); 1855, 144 (Bogota, Colombia); 1856, 289 (Mexico), 292 (Cordova, VeraCruz) ; 1859, 374 ( Playa Vicente, Oaxaca); 1860, 84 (Ecuador), 292 (Esmeraldas, w. Ecuador); 1861, 72 ( Jamaica ); 1864, 172 (Valley of Mex- ico); 1876, 14 (Santa Lucia); 1889, 326 (Dominica), 395 (Santa Lucia); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Pennsylvania; Trinidad ).—Gunp.acn, Journ. fur Orn., 5,472 (Cuba); 1861, 326 (do.); 1872, 419 (do.); Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i, 1865, 237; Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vii, 1878, 187 (Porto Rico); Orn. Cuba, 1873, 70.—Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., vi, 1857, 116 (Nova Scotia); vu, 1859, 111 (Bahamas); x, 1866, 250.( Porto Rico); xi, 1867, 91 (Santo Domingo); Journ. ftir Orn., 1866, 184 (Porto Rico ).—Sauue, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 231 (Santo Domingo).—Batrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 297; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 217; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 256.--ScLaTER and Sa.- vIn, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Belize, British Honduras); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 347 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); 1868, 166 (Venezuela); 1870, 780 (Merida, Venezuela).—Newton (A. and E.), Ibis, 1859, 144 (St. Croix ).—ALBRECHT, Journ. ftir Orn., 1861, 53 (Bahamas); 1862, 194 (Jamaica ).—LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Isthmus of Panama); viii, 1864, 97 (Sombrero); viii, _ 1865, 175 (David, Chirigui)s ix, 1868, 96 (Angostura and Turrialba, Costa Rica); Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, 1878, 55 (Dominica), 189 (St. Vincent), 233 (Antigua); 1, 1879, vestGeae & 354 (Martinique, 454 (Guadeloupe); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca).—BLaxisron, Ibis, 1862, 4 (Saskatchewan); 1863, 63 (Forks of Saskatchewan ).—VeERRILL, Proe. 30st. Soc. N. H., ix, 1862, 137 (Anticosti I.).—Marcn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 293 (Jamaica).—Taytor, Ibis, 1864, 81 (Trinidad ).—Lkroraup, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, 248.—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 186 (Santa Fé and David, Chiriqui); 1868, 176 (Venezuela); 1870, 183 ( Veragua); Ibis, 1878, 305 (monoer.).—FRANrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 294 (Barranea, Costa Rica).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N.H., i, 1869, 547 (Vera Cruz, winter ).— Finscu, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 565 (Trinidad ).—SuNDEVALL, Oty. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stoeckh., xxvi, 1870, 596 (Porto Rico).—Wyart, Ibis, 1871, 323 (Herradura, etc., Colombia).—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 197 (Colorado ).—AL.LEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 167 (Ogden, Utah, Sept. 8), 175 (Kansas; Colorado; Utah); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvii, 1874, 53 (North Dakota); Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 166 (Santa Lucia); Bull. Am. Mus. N.H.,. iv, 1892,51 (El Pilar, Venezuela, Nov.); xii, 1900, 176 (Bonda and, Valparaiso proy. Santa Marta, Colombia, Sept. 2 to Mar. 50); Auk, xvii, 1900, 366 (do.).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 322, pl. 16, figs. 1,5.—HernsHaw, Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 209 (Huerfano R., Colorado; Provo, Utah).—Rripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., vil, 1875, 24 (Salt Lake Valley, Utah); Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, Cnet b ed ne ee —— eo ites A ke Oe BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 127 438 (Salt Lake Valley and Wasatch Mts., Utah); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1880, no. 128; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 564 (Cozumel I., Yuca- tan); x, 1888, 576 (Swan I., Caribbean Sea); Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 177.—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 52 (San José and Cartago, Costa Rica, Jan. to Apr.).—Mearns, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 70 (plumage).—Satvin and Gopman, Ibis, 1879, 199 (Atanques, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia, 4,000 ft., Feb.); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 178.— Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 50 (Fort Walla Walla, Washington, 1 spec., Aug. 24).—Emerson, Ornith. and Oolog., vi, 1881, 43 (Haywards, California, 1 spec., June 20, 1881); Zoe, i, 1890, 45 (do.); Condor, iii, 1901, 145 (John Day R., Oregon, July 1, 1899).—Cory, Birds Bahama Is., 1880, 75; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 151 (Haiti); Birds Haiti and San Dom., 1885, 40; Auk, iii, 1886, 46 (West Indian references); iv, 1887, 95 (Mar- tinique); vi, 1889, 31 (Cayman Brac); vii, 1890, 375 (Tortola and Virgin Gorda); viii, 1891, 47 (St. Eustatius), 48 (St. Croix; St. Christopher), 49 (Guadeloupe); Birds W. I., 1889, 60; Cat. W. I. Birds, 1892, 120 (Great Bahama, Biminis, Berry Islands, New Providence, Andros, Concepcion, Long I., Green Cay, Turks I., Great Inagua, and Anguilla, Bahamas; Cuba, Isle of Pines, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Haiti, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and St. Croix, Greater Antilles; Sombrero, St. Eustatius, St. Chris- topher, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Santa Lucia, St. Vin- cent, Grenada, and Barbados, Lesser Antilles). —Hay, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 91 (Hopefield and Jackson, Mississippi, breeding ).—BERLEPSCH and Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 541 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador, Nov. ).—Be.p1na, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 350 (Miraflores and La Paz, Lower California, 2 specs., Feb., Mar.?, 1883).—BrickNneui, Auk, i, 1884, 217 (song) .—TristrAM, Ibis, 1884, 168 (Santo Domingo ).—Snarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 411 (Fort Simpson, British America; Jima, Ecuador; Roraima, British Guiana, etc.).—AMERICAN OrnITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 687.—WeELLs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 611 (Grenada).—ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (San José, Tarcoles, Naranjo de Cartago and Alajuela, Costa Rica).—Scorr, Auk, v, 1888, 36 (Catalina Mts., Arizona, | spec., Aug. 12; Tucson, Arizona, | spec., spring).—CueErrtik, Auk, vii, 1890, 337 (San José, Costa Rica, Aug. 13 to Mar. 6); Contr. Orn. San Dom., 1896, 12.—Ricumonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 485 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua, winter, after Sept. 20). —NEHRLING, Our Native Birds, etc., i, 1893, 275, pl. 14, fig. 5.—CHapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., vi, 1894, 24 (Trinidad).—Dawson, Auk, xiv, 1897, 180 (Okanogan Co., Washington, breeding).—Merritt, Auk, xv, 1898, 19 (Fort Sherman, n. w. Idaho, sum- mer resid. ).—BirTweELL, Auk, xvi, 1899, 184 (nesting in Vireo’s nest ).— Brooks, Auk, xvii, 1900, 107 (British Columbia; regularly e. of Cascade Mts., occasionally on w. side).—Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 144 (Santa Marta, Colombia); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, Jan. 24). S[etophaga] ruticilla Capants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 18.—Newron (A. and E.), Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 106.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 316.-— Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 529. [Setophaga] ruticilla Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 110.—Sciater and Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10. [ Motacilla] flavicauda GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 997 (based on Yellow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa cauda lutea, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist., 101, pl. 257, up, fig. ). S[ylvia] flavicauda Suckow, Anfangs. Naturg. Thiere, Vogel, ii, 1801, 1116. 728 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (?) Sylvia russeicauda VreIior, Ois. Am. Sept., ii, 1807, 17, pl. 71 (Pennsylvania; coll. Vieillot); Nouy. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xi, 1817, 266.—SrepHEns, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 675. (?) Sylvia russicauda Virr.otr, Ene. Méth., ii, 1823, 476. (2) [Setophaga] russeicauda Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3517. Motacilla tricolora Miuier Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 175 (based on Figuier noir et jaune de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl., 391, fig. 2; adult male). [ Motacilla] multicolor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1788, 972 (Cayenne; based on Figur noir Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., v., 314; Figuier noir et jaune Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 391, fig. 2; Rufous and black Warbler Latham, Synop. Birds, ii, pt. 2, 493). SETOPHAGA PICTA PICTA (Swainson). PAINTED REDSTART, Adults (sexes alike).\—Head, neck, upper chest, sides, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform deep black, with a faint bluish gloss; wings and tail black, the former relieved by a large white patch involving the middle and greater coverts and edges of innermost secondaries (tertials), the latter with three outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, this white occupying much the greater part of the outermost rectrix; lower chest, breast, and abdomen rich vermilion or poppy red, rarely more orange-red; under tail-coverts black or blackish, broadly tipped with white; axillars and under wing-coverts mostly white; bill, legs, and feet, black; iris brown. Young, first plumage.—Above plain sooty black, the wings and tail as in adults, but the white wing-patch tinged with buff; beneath sooty grayish, passing into dull whitish on center of abdomen, the breast spotted or broadly streaked with sooty blackish. Adult male.—Length (skins), 123-128 (124.7); wing, 68-75 (71.9); tail, 61-68 (63.3); exposed culmen, 8—9 (8.6); tarsus, 16-17 (16.6).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 125-135 (130.8); wing, 67-70 (68.7) tail, 60-64.5 (62.4); exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.9); tarsus, 16-17 (16.3). Higher mountains of central and southern Arizona (Mogollon, Gra- ham, Chiricahua, Santa Rita, Santa Catalina, and Huachuca ranges, etc.,) and New Mexico (Grant County), and southward over higher districts of Mexico to States of Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca (La Parada; Cinco Sefores). 9 3 Setophaga picta Swarnson, Zool. Ilustr., 2d ser., i, 1829, pl. 3 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico); Anim. in Menag., 1838, 293.—Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1851, 50.—Bairp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 (‘‘Texas’’); Rep. Pacific R. R.Surv., ix, 1858, 298; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am.), pl. 77, fig. 2; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 218; Rep. U. S. and Mex. Bound. Sury., ii, pt. ii, 1859, 11 (Boquillo, Nuevo Leon); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 256, part (Boquillo, Nuevo Leon; Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan ).—ScuaTer, of this species. *Ten specimens. * Five specimens. bo BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 729 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66; 1856, 292 (near City of Mexico); 1858, 299, (La Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, 374 (Cinco Senores, Oaxaca ).—SumicHrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alpine reg. Orizaba).—Ripaway, Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 436 (Tucson, Arizona); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 129.—CovEs, Check List, 1873, no. 105; 2d ed., 1882, no. 151; Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335.— Hensuaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler’s Surv., 1873 (1874), 104 (Apache and 30 m. s. of Apache, Arizona, Aug. 29 to Sept. 11; habits); Zool. Exp. W. 100th Merid., 1875, 209 (Rock Cation, Mt. Graham, near Camp Critten- den, ete., eee habits; descr. young).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripeaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 322, part; ii, 1874, pl. 46, fig. 7; pl. 56, fig. 3; iii, 1874, 507 (Tucson, Arizona).—LAwrENcE, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii. 1874, 270 (Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan; habits).—Satvin, Ibis, 1878, aan part (monogr. ).—Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1880, 73 (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, Apr.); vii, 1882, 140 (habits; descr. nest and eggs; etc.), 249.— Bryant (W. E.), Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 176 (Santa Rita Mts., Ari- zona, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—SALVIN ‘aad GopMAN, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1881, 179, part (Mexican localities and references).—Scort, Auk, ii, 1885, 353 (Pima Co., Arizona); v, 1888, 36 (Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, above 4,000 ft.).—SHArpE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 415 (Ciudad Durango, ete.; excl. syn. part). —AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, Check List, 1886, no. 688.—Mearns, Auk, vii, 1890, 261 (Mogollon. Mts., Arizona).—ANTHONY, Auk, ix, mee 367 (s.w. part Grant Co., New Mexico ).— ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Guanopa and Huerachi, n. w. Chihuahua, Dec., Feb. pan. Oar Native Birds, etc., 1, 1893, 279.— BRENINGER, Condor, iii, 1901, 147 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona; descr. nest and eggs). S[etophaga] picta Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265.—Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 315.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 529. [Setophaga] picta Bonapartr, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 312 (Zacatecas).—GRay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 248, no. 351! Es, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 110.— SciaTer and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. Muscicapa leucomus Giraup, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, fol. 23, pl. 6, fig.1 (‘‘Texas’’; type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). SETOPHAGA PICTA GUATEMAL# Sharpe. GUATEMALAN PAINTED REDSTART. Similar to 8. p. picta, but with third rectrix entirely black or else with very little white, and white edgings to innermost secondaries (ter- tials) much less distinct, often obsolete; average size slightly less. Adult male.—Lenegth (skins), 120-129 (126); wing, 66-71 (68.5); tail, 60-61.5 (60.9); exposed culmen, 8.5; tarsus, 17-17.5 (17.2).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 132-133 (182.5); wing, 67-68.5 (67.8); tail, 62-65 (63); exposed culmen, 8-8.5 (8.2); tarsus, 17.” Highlands of Guatemala (Volcan ie Fuego, ridge near Chancol, Hacienda Chancol, San Gerénimo, Santa Barbara, Chilasco, Tactic, Canill4-Guitché, Toyabaj-Guitché, ete.), Chiapas (Gineta Mountains, San Custobal, ete. as) aad eee Honduras (Comayag ua). t 1F our specimens. 2 Thr ee specimens. 730 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Setophaga picta (not of Swainson) SctaTerR and Sanvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 12 (Guatemala ).—Taytor, Ibis, 1860, 110 (Comayagua, Honduras ).— Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Guatemala).—Bartrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 256, part (Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripe- way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 322, part (Guatemala).—Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, 1876, 16 (Gineta Mts., Chiapas).—Satvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 179, part (Volcan de Fuego, ridge near Chancol, San Gerénimo, Santa Barbara, Chilasco, and Tactic, Guatemala; Comayagua, Honduras). [Setophaga] picta Sctarer and Satvrn, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 10, part. [Setophaga picta.] Subsp. a. Setophaga guatemale SHarpx, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 417 (Guatemala, no type locality indicated; coll. Brit. Mus. ) = S[etophaga] picta guatemale Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 530. Setophaga picta guatemale Newson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (interior of Chiapas). Genus MYIOBORUS Baird. Myioborus Barrp, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 237, 257. (Type, Setophaga verticalis Swainson. ) Similar to Setophaga, but bill more depressed, rictal bristles much longer (equal to or longer than bill); wing shorter and much more rounded (ninth primary shorter than fourth, sometimes shorter than third); tarsus longer (very much more than one-fourth to more than one-third as long as wing), and style of coloration very different (crown with a patch of chestnut, or else forehead yellow and under parts yellow; no white, orange, nor yellow on wing; back, etc., slate- gray or slate color, rarely olive or brownish). Bill about half as long as head, or less, very much depressed, trian- gular or broadly wedge-shaped in vertical profile; culmen sharply ridged, straight to near tip, where strongly decurved; commissure straight with subterminal notch of maxillary tomium minute but distinct. Nostril longitudinally elliptical, in lower anter.or portion of - nasal fosse, overhung by a broad membranous operculum, partly covered by latero-frontal feathers. Rictal bristles greatly developed, reaching nearly to, sometimes beyond, tip of bill when directed for- ward. Wing moderate, much rounded (ninth primary shorter than fourth, sometimes not longer than second, the eighth shorter than fifth); wing-tip decidedly shorter than commissure, but little more than half as long as tarsus. Tail about as long as wing or slightly shorter, much rounded, the rectrices usually subacuminate at tips. Tarsus much more than one-fourth as long as wing (sometimes more than one third as long), the scutella indistinet; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for much more than half its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. Coloration.—Under parts yellow or orange (orange-red or vermilion in one species), the throat sometimes blackish; upper parts usually slate color or slate-gray, rarely olive or brownish, the crown usually with a patch of chestnut or cinnamon-rufous, or else the forehead yel- BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Tol low; no lighter markings on wing, but lateral rectrices more or less extensively white terminally; sexes alike. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—The whole of continental tropical America. (About twelve species. ) This is a very natural and homogeneous group, in this respect strongly contrasting with Bas/leuterus. The eleven species examined ' agree very closely in structural details, the slight departures from the normal type consisting almost wholly in immaterial differences in rela- tive length of the wings and tail. The latter is usually a little shorter than the former; in J. miniata flammea and M. albifrons the wing and tail are of the same length, while in J/. verticalis (a close ally of the former, with identical color-pattern) the tail is decidedly shorter than the wing, the other species ranging between these extremes. The wing-formula is remarkably uniform, and the variations in the pattern of coloration are confined almost wholly to the head. All the Central American and Mexican forms have a large patch of chestnut or chestnut-rufous on the crown, the forehead and sides of the crown being black. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MYIOBORUS. a. Throat black or blackish slate; sides of head slate color or slate-gray. b. Under parts of body red or reddish orange. e. Third rectrix with a large terminal spot of white; red of under parts usually bright vermilion or pinkish yvermilion. (Highlands of Mexico.) Myioborus miniatus miniatus, adults (p. 731) cc. Third rectrix entirely black; red of under parts usually orange red or flame searlet. (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas. ) Myioborus miniatus flammeus, adults (p. 733) bb. Under parts of body orange-yellow. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui. ) Myioborus aurantiacus, adults (p. 733) aa. Throat and sides of head lemon yellow, like under parts of body; a dusky or slaty band across chest. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui. ) Myioborus torquatus, adults (p. 735) MYIOBORUS MINIATUS MINIATUS (Swainson). RED-BELLIED REDSTART, Adult male.—F¥orehead, anterior portion of crown, superciliary region, lores, suborbital and malar regions, chin, and throat uniform black; posterior portion of crown and occiput chestnut, the feathers elongated; postocular region, posterior portion of auricular region, hindneck, sides of neck, back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and rump uniform slate color; wings darker with slate colored or slate-gray edgings; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the three outermost rectrices Of those given in vol. x of the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum (pp. 410-430) all have been examined in the present connection except M. brun- neiceps and M. castaneicapilla, foo BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broadly tipped with white;' under parts of body vermilion red, the sides and flanks partly slate-gray; under tail-coverts blackish slate or slate- black, broadly tipped with white; axillars and under wing-coverts white; bill, legs, and feet black or brownish black; iris brown; length (skins), 130-134 (131); wing, 62.5—65 (¢ ays tail, 69-72 (70.4); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.4); tarsus, 18-19 (18.2). ; Adult female.—Similar to the ea ie but forehead and anterior portion of crown slate color, each feather with a central spot of black; throat, ete., duller black or blackish slate; red of under parts slightly paler, more pinkish; oe (skins), 126-134 (133); wing, 61-65 (62.9); tail, 68-72 (70.2); exposed culmen, 7.5-8.5 (8); tarsus, 18.5-19 (18.9).° Young, first plumage.—Above, including entire pileum, uniform sooty slate-color; under parts similar but paler, the median portion of chest, breast, and abdomen dull chestnut, fading into pale cinnamon or cinnamon-buff on center of abdomen; wings and tail as in adults, but middle and greater wing-coverts indistinctly tipped with brownish. Highlands of Mexico, in States of Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Mexico, Puebla, Zacatecas, Sinaloa, Chihuahua (Jesus Maria), ete. Selophaga miniata Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 368 (Valladolid, Mexico); Isis, 1834, 784; Anim. in Menag., ee 293.—ScLaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 292 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858, 299 (a Parada, Oaxaca) ; 1859, os (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). 374 (Cinco Senores and Totontepec, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (Valley of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 37 (Mexico).—Bairp, Rep. ote R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 299; ed. 1860 (Birds N. Am. ), pl. 77, fig. 1; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 219; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259 (n. e Mexico; Jalapa; Orizaba).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temperate and alpine regions, Orizaba).—Barirp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1, 1874, 322, part (Mexico).—LAwrENcE, Mem. se Socs Ne Ee sue 1874, 270 (Sierra Madre near Mazatlan; habits); Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no 4, 1876, 16 (Sierra Madre near Zapotitlan).—Satyin, ae 1878, 308, part (Mexico; monogr.).—Covrs, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy ).— Satvry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 181, part (Mexican localities).—Rmeaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 180.—SHaArpr, Cat. 3irds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 418 (near City of Mexico; La Parada, Oaxaca; Jalapa, Vera Cruz).—Frrrart-PrErez, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 137 (Puebla).—AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 689.— CrapMANn, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft. ). SLetophaga] miniata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265.—Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 530. [Selophaga] miniata oS Ay, Hand-list, i, 1869, 240, no. 3524.—SciaTsr and SALvIn, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Mexico). Muscicapa larvata pie HTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2 (Mexico); see Journ. fiir Orn.. eee, 58. 'This ao occupies eee ne terminal half of the outer web on the outermost rectrix, and extends for 20 to 830 mm. from tip on inner web; the white on the third rectrix varies from 10 to 15 mm. in length; occasionally there is a small white spot at tip of the fourth rectrix. * Five specimens. * Four specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. too Muscicapa vulneraia WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 529 (cites Muscicapa derhami Giraud and Setophaga miniata Swainson).—Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 50. S[etophaga] vulnerata Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265.—Capants, Mus. Hein., i 1850, 18 (Mexico). [Setophaga] vulnerata Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 313 (Zacatecas). Setophaga vulnerata Barro, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 (‘*Texas’’).—Scuatrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 65. Setophaga castanea Lesson, Rev. Zool., ii, Jan., 1839 (pub. 1840), 42 (Mexico). Muscicapa derhamii Giraup, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 18, pl. 3, fig. 2, (‘‘Texas;”’ type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). ? MYIOBORUS MINIATUS FLAMMEUS (Kaup). KAUP’S REDSTART. Similar to J. im. miniatus, but with much less white on the tail, the third rectrix being either entirely black or with only a minute white spot at tip; red of under parts usually of a more orange hue (nearly flame scarlet), varying, rarely, to light reddish orange or saturn red. Adult male.—Length (skins), 126; wing, 63; tail, 64.5-65 (64.7); exposed culmen, 8.5—9 (8.7); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.2).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 120-130 (125); wing, 59-63 (60.3); tail, 60-65 (63); exposed culmen, 8.5—9 (8.8); tarsus, 18.” Highlands of Guatemala (Volcan de Fuego, Volean de Agua, Coban, Choctum, Duenas, etc.) and Chiapas (Tumbalé, Yajalon, Chicharros, Tenejapa, etc.). Setophaga flammea Kaur, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 50 (Guatemala; coll. Derby Mus. ); 1855, 77 (crit. nomencl.).—ScuaTer and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Guatemala).—Scuater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 37 (Guatemala).—Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259, part (Coban, Guatemala). [Setophaga miniata.] Subsp. a. Setophaga flammea SHarre, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 419 (Volcan de Fuego, Volean de Agua, Coban, Choctum, and Duefas, Guatemala). S[etophaga] miniata flammea Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 530. Setophaga miniata flammea Newtson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (Chiapas). Setophaga intermedia Harriaus, Rey. et Mag. Zool., 1852, 5 (Guatemala; coll. Bremen Mus. ). Setophaga miniata (not of Swainson) Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30.—Sa.tvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 181, part (Guatemalan refer- ences and localities ). [Setophaga] miniata SctarerR and Sarvrx, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Guatemala). MYIOBORUS AURANTIACUS (Baird). YELLOW-BELLIED REDSTART, Similar to JZ. m. miniatus, but with under parts of body saffron or cadmium yellow instead of vermilion red. Adults (sexes alike).—Forehead, sides of crown, chin, and throat ' Two specimens. * Three specimens. 734 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. black; crown (except laterally) and occiput chestnut, the feathers elongated; rest of head and neck (including lores and superciliary region), together with back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and rump uniform bluish slate color; wings blackish with slate colored edgings; upper tail-coverts black, usually margined with slaty; tail black, the three outermost rectrices extensively white at tip; under parts of body saffron or cadmium yellow, usually deeper and more brownish yeliow on chest; under tail-coverts white, slate color, or slate-gray basally; axillars and under wing-coverts white; bill, black; iris, brown; legs and feet blackish. Young in first plumage.—Aboye, including whole pileum, uniform sooty slate; beneath similar but paler, the chest strongly tinged with rusty or cinnamon;' wings and tail essentially as in adults. Adult male.—Length (skins), 118-128 (124); wing, 58-66 (63.4); tail, 55.5-62 (59.5); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.4); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.7).? Adult female.—Length (skins), 120-127 (124.2); wing, 58-63 (61); tail, 56-62 (58.8); exposed culmen, 8-10 (9.2); tarsus, 18-19 (18.6).* Highlands of Costa Rica (Dota, Grecia, Barranca, Cartago, Naranjo, Turrialba, Tucurrique, Candelaria, ete.) and Chiriqui (Volean de Chi- riqui, Boquete, Calovevora, etc.). Setophaga flammea (notof Kaup) Casants, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 85 (Costa Rica ).— Bairp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 259, part (ref. toCabanis, loc. cit. and locality **Costa Rica’’). [Setophaga miniata.] Subsp. a. Setophaga flammea SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 419, part (loc. ‘‘Costa Rica’’). Setophaga aurantiaca Barrp, Review Am. Birds, May, 1865, 261 (Dota, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96 (Grecia, Barranea, and Dota, Costa Rica).—SALvin, Ibis, 1869, 313 (Costa Rica; crit.) ; 1878, 510 (monogr.); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Calovevora, Veragua).—Franrzius, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 294 (Cande- laria Mts., Costa Rica).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 88 (Cartago and Naranjo, Costa Rica).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 182 (Turrialba and Tucurrique, Costa Rica, etc.).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 421.—CHerrrig, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 528 (Costa Rica; crit.); Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 13 (Rio Naranjo).—ZrLtepon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Cartago and Dota, Costa Rica).—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 4,500 ft. ). [Setophaga] aurantiaca Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 248, no. 3525.—ScLaTer and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. Setophaga verticalis (not of Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny) ScLtaTer and Satvyy, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 166 (Veragua). 'The first plumage of the only young example examined is incomplete, the yellow of the under parts of the body of the adult plumage having been acquired, “Seven specimens. * Five specimens, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. C30 MYIOBORUS TORQUATUS (Baird). COLLARED REDSTART, Adults (sexes alike).—Forehead (except extreme anterior portion) and sides of crown and occiput black; crown (except laterally) and occiput rufous-chestnut, the feathers elongated; nape (mostly con- cealed by the rufous-chestnut occipital feathers) blackish; rest of upper parts plain slate color, sometimes faintly tinged with olive, the back rarely indistinctly clouded with dusky; wings blackish slate with indistinct slaty edgings; tail black, the two outermost rectrices extensively white terminally, the third sometimes with a small amount of white at tip; whole side of head, including superciliary, loral,' suborbital, auricular, and malar regions, together with under parts (except under tail-coverts) lemon yellow, interrupted by a band of slate color or blackish slate across chest; under tail-coverts pale yellow or yellowish white; under wing-coverts and axiilars mostly yellowish- white; bill black or dusky brown; iris brown; legs and feet blackish. Adult male.—Lenegth (skins), 124-127 (125.4); wing, 65-68 (66.5); tail, 60-62.5 (61.2); exposed culmen, 19-21 (19.8).” Adult female. —Length (skins), 124-125 (124.7); wing, 63-66 (64.5); tail, 57-60 (58.7); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.4); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.6).? Highlands of Costa Rica (San José, La Palma, Candelaria Moun- tains, Volcan de Irazi, etc.) and Chiriqui (Volean de Chiriqui, Cordil- lera del Tole, Boquete, ete.). Setophaga torquata Barro, Review Am. Birds, May, 1865, 261 (San José, Costa Rica; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).—Satnvin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Cordillerade Tole, Veragua) ; Ibis, 1878, 319 ( Volean de Chiriqui; monogr. ).— LAawRENCE, Am. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96 (San José and La Palma, Costa Rica).— Franrzius, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 294 (Candelaria Mts., Costa Rica).—Bovearp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 53 (Volean de Irazu, Costa Rica).—Sautvin and GopmaN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 183, pl. 10, fig. 2.—Nutrine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 495 (Volcan de Irazi).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 424 (Irazui district and La Palma, Costa Rica, ete. ).—ZeLEpoN, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Volcan de Traztii).—Baneas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 61 (Volean de Chi- riqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). [Setophaga] torquata Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 243, no. 3526.—ScLaTEeR and SaL- vIn, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. Genus —hiU LHe yPrs Cabanis. Euthlypis CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 18. (Type, E. lachrymosa Cabanis. ) Similar to Mycoborus, but bill much longer (nearly as long as head) and much less depressed, relatively narrower and deeper; rictal bris- tles shorter, not reaching more than halfway to tip of bill. 'The yellow of the lores crosses the extreme anterior portion of the iorehead. 2 Five specimens. 3 Four specimens. 736 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bill nearly as long as head, wedge-shaped in vertical profile, slightly depressed, its depth at anterior end of nostrils about equal to its width at same point; culmen sharply ridged, straight or very faintly convex for most of its length, the terminal portion strongly decurved; gonys slightly convex basally, straight, or nearly so, terminally; maxillary tomium faintly convex anterior to middle portion, its subterminal notch distinct. Nostril longitudinal, narrow, overhung by a broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles well developed, but not reaching to much beyond nostrils when directed forward. Wing rather long, rounded (seventh and sixth primaries longest, eighth slightly shorter than sixth, ninth shorter than fifth); wing-tip about equal to exposed culmen, slightly more than half as long as tarsus. Tail nearly as long as wing, much rounded, the rectrices rather narrow, with tips subacuminate. Tarsus a little less than one-third as long as wing, its scutella rather distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for about half its length to middle toe. Coloration.—Forehead and crown black, the latter with a central spot of yellow; rest of upper parts brownish slate color, the tail blackish, with short white tips to rectrices (except middle pair); under parts yellow, the chest and sides light orange-rufous or tawny; supra- loral spot and part of eyelids white; sexes alike. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Highlands of southern Mexico and Central America. (Monotypic.) If this genus is not to be recognized the type species must be referred to Bastleuterus and not to Myoborus (** Setophaga,” part), as has usually been done. It is distinctly more nearly allied to the former. (See remarks under Basileuterus, on p. T40.) EUTHLYPIS LACHRYMOSA LACHRYMOSA Cabanis. FAN-TAILED WARBLER. Adult male.—Forehead, sides of crown, lores, and anterior portion of suborbital and malar regions black; a white spot on each side of forehead, about halfway between eye and nostril; a white mark on pach eyelid; median portion of crown yellow; rest of head and neck (except chin and throat), together with upper parts, plain dull blackish slate-color, sometimes slightly tinged with olive on back; tail slate- black, the rectrices all (except sometimes the middle pair) tipped with white, this broadest on inner webs, and increasing in extent from middle to exterior rectrices (about LO-12 mm. in extent on inner web of outermost rectrix); chin white; throat, breast, and abdomen lemon yellow, the first sometimes tinged with tawny; chest (sometimes throat also) and sides of breast deep gallstone yellow or intermediate between that color and raw sienna; sides and flanks olive; under tail-coverts BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Cot white, tinged with yellow, the feathers slate-gray beneath the surface; axillars and under wing-coverts mostly gray, sometimes tinged with olive; bill black; legs and feet ght brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 141-152 (146); wing, 75.5-80 (77.4); tail, 70-73 (71.6); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.3); tarsus, ee 23.9); middle toe, 13-14 (13.5).' eis Pmale Similar to the adult male in coloration, and not always distinguishable, but averaging rather lighter slate color above, with the back more strongly tinged with olive; lores and anterior portion of suborbital and malar regions sometimes dull slate-gray, instead of black; yellow crown-patch usually (4) rather smaller, with the feathers, especially the more posterior ones, tipped with olive; wing and tail shorter; length (skins), 140-152 (146.4); wing, 67-76 (71); tail, 64-69 (66.1); exposed culmen, 11.5-13 (12.4); tarsus, 22.5-24 (23.3); middle toe, 12.5-13.5 (18.1).” Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; Mirador; Motzorongo), Puebla (Acatlan), Oaxaca (Pluma; Tehuan- tepec; Santa Efigenia), and Chiapas (Tuxtla); highlands of Guatemala (Volean de Agua; Volcan de Fuego; Alotenango; Savana Grande; Barranca Honda), and southward to Nicaragua (Ometepe). Euthlypis) lachrymosa CaBants, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 19, footnote (Lagunas, Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus.; ex. Sylvia lac aiid Lichtenstein, manuscript). Euthlypis lachrymosa ScuatTEr, ‘Poe: Zool. Soe. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1859, 365 (Jalapa, vee ee Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 36 (Jalapa).— Sayin and Scuarer, Ibis, 1860, 274 ( Alotenango, Guatemala).—SuMmIcHRast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, Bae (temp. reg. Vera Cruz; habits).—Nut- TING, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 392 (Ometepe, Nicaragua).—FERRARI- Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 138 (Acatlan, Puebla). [ Basileuterus] lachrymosa BONAPARTE, Consp. Avy., 1, 1850, 314 (Lagunas). Setophaga lachrymosa Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 263 (Mexico; Savana Grande, Guatemala).—Satvin, Ibis, 1878, 320, part (monogr. ).—Satvin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 184, part pl. 11, fig. 2.—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 430 (Jalapa and Cordova, Vera Cruz; Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca; Volcan de Agua, Barranca-Hondo, and Alotenango, Guatemala). [Setophaga] lachrymosa Gray, Hand-list, 1, 1869, 244, no. 3539.—ScLaTerR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. ! Four specimens. * Seven specimens. Specimens from different localities average, respectively, as follows: ~ 2 Ex- : Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. Middle culmen. OL MALES. Three adult males from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca...........-- (Hk 2a 12.3 24,2 Ld One adult male from Nicaragua (Ometepe)............----- tide 71.6 12 23.4 13.5 FEMALES. Three adult females from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca........--- 70.7 65.3 12 23.2 13 One adult female from Chiapas (Tuxtla) ................... 71 67 12 23 LORS Three adult females from Guatemala ...............-.....-- HLS 66.7 12.8 23.5 13 30594— VOR, 2—01— 47 738 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. EUTHLYPIS LACHRYMOSA TEPHRA Ridgway.! WESTERN FAN-TAILED WARBLER, Similar to /. /. Jachrymosa, but sides of head much lighter slate- eray, the lores and anterior portion of suborbital and malar regions never blackish; upper parts lighter slate color, the back, ete., much more strongly tinged with olive; white supraloral spot averaging larger; wing and tail averaging shorter. Adult male.—Length (skins), 139-160 (144.9); wing, 69-75 (73.1); tail, 65-71 (67.9); exposed culmen, 12-13 (12.4); tarsus, 23-24 (23.1); middle toe, 13.5—14 (13.6).” Adult female.—Lenegth (skins), 142; wing, 68; tail, 66.5; exposed culmen, 12.5; tarsus, 23; middle-toe, 13.° Western Mexico, in States of Chihuahua (Hacienda de San Rafael), Sinaloa (Sierra Madre, near Mazatlan), and Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra; San Sebastian). Euthlypis lachrymosa (not of Cabanis) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., il, 1874, 270 (Mazatlan, Sinaloa; habits).—Jouy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777 (Barranca Ibarra, Jalisco; habits). Setophaga lachrymosa Satvin, Ibis, 1878, 320, part (Mazatlan).—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 184, part (Mazatlan). Genus BASILEUTERUS Cabanis. Basileuterus* CABANIS, in Wiegmann’s Archiv. fir Naturg., ili, pt. 1, 1847, 316. (Type, Sylvia vermivora Vieillot, =Setophaga aurocapilla Swainson. ) Idiotes Batrp, Review Am. Birds, April, 1865, 237, 247. (Type, Setophaga rufi- frons Swainson. ) Similar to We/sonéa, but wing relatively shorter and much more rounded (ninth primary shorter than fourth instead of longer than fifth), wing-tip shorter (less than half as long as tarsus instead of much more), bill relatively longer, stouter, and less compressed terminally, and pileum three-striped (two lateral black stripes inclosing one of chestnut, rufous, buffy, or grayish) or wholly rufous, or else the 'Type, no. 151906, coll. U.S. Nat. Mus., Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua, May 10, 1888; M. Abbott Frazar; received from William Brewster. * Kight specimens. 5 One specimen. Adult males from different localities average, respectively, as follows: Ex- Locality. | Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. ee culmen, a es Shae Waa SA ees | ae | Two adult males from Chihuahua (Hacienda San Rafael)... 74.5 68 12.2 23.7 1.7 Two adult males from Sinaloa (Mazatlan)................-. 74.7 70 12.7 23.5 13.5 Four adult males from Jalisco (Barranca Ibarra and San Sebastian) HiRes ctce ioseee ee else seth wcrc ate Sere eee 71.5 66.7 | 12.4 23.3 13.7 4 Baoidevrepos von Paotdevs Regulus.” BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 139 rump, upper tail-coverts, and basal half of tail buff. Similar also to Kuthlypis, but tarsus relatively longer (at least one-third as long as wing), ninth primary shorter than fourth (instead of longer), and without white on rectrices. Bill decidedly shorter than head, sometimes scarcely more than half as long, but very variable as to relative length and width and extent of depression (sometimes the width at nostrils equal to, usually decidedly less than, length of exposed culmen); culmen rather distinctly ridged, nearly straight for basal third or more, becoming gradually more decid- edly curved terminally, the tip of the maxilla moderately produced, but scarcely uncinate; gonys very faintly convex; maxillary tomium nearly straight to near tip, where faintly concave, with distinct subterminal notch. Nostril longitudinal, nearly linear, in lower anterior portion of nasal fosse, overhung by a broad membraneous operculum. Rictal bristles very distinct, but variable as to development, usually extending but little if any beyond nostrils (when directed forward), sometimes reaching considerably beyond. Wing rather short to rather long, more or less rounded (eighth to fifth, seventh, seventh and sixth, or sixth and fifth primaries longest, ninth shorter than fifth, usually shorter than second, sometimes shorter than first); wing-tip variable, always shorter than middle toe with claw, sometimes much shorter than middle toe without claw. Tail more or less shorter than wing, or at least not longer (except in L. rufifrons), usually equal to or longer than distance from bend of wing to tips of secondaries, more or less rounded (some- times almost even), the rectrices usually rather narrow, with tips sub- acuminate. Tarsus one-third to much more than one-third as long as wing, rather stout, its scutelle fairly distinct; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus, its basal phalanx united for more than half its length to outer toe, for about half (more or less) its length to inner toe. Coloration.— No white on rectrices; wings unicolored; pileum three- striped (two black lateral stripes, inclosing a median one of chestnut, rufous, rufous-orange, yellowish, or grayish), or else wholly chestnut- rufous or (if unicolored and concolor with the back) the lower rump, upper tail-coverts, and basal half of tail buff or ochraceous-buff; upper parts (except as described) plain olive, olive-green, or grayish; under parts yellowish (with or without whitish or grayish throat), yellow anteriorly and whitish posteriorly, or whitish or buffy medially and grayish or olive laterally. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—The whole of continental Tropical America. (Numerous species, mostly South American. ) The thirty-odd species which compose this group as characterized above (and as usually recognized) vary so much in the details of external structure that were it not for certain species of intermediate 740 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. structure the group could easily be subdivided into several genera; but the existence of these intermediate forms seems to forbid such subdivision. B. culicivorus is the only species in which the eighth primary is equal, or nearly equal, to the longest, and (except L. /eucoblepharus) the only one in which the ninth primary is equal to or longer than the third; yet this form is obviously very closely related to B. aurocapillus (the type of the genus). LB. rufifrons is the only species which has the tail longer than the wing, yet there can be no question of the close relationship between B. rufifrons and B. belli, the latter having the tail shorter than the wing. . melanogenys has the bill relatively much smaller and narrower than other species, being quite similar, in that respect, to Argaticus; but in other characters, including colora- tion, it is a typical Basileuterus. The opposite development of the bill is seen in LB. semicervinus and related (probably conspecific) forms, B. uropygialis, B. veraquensis, and B. leucopygius,; in these the bill is shaped very much as in the genus J/ycoborus, being almost equally broad at the base, but is less depressed and relatively much larger. In this group, too, the coloration is peculiar, the pileum being uni- colored and concolor with the back, while the lower rump, upper tail- coverts and basal half of the tail are buffy or ochraceous in abrupt and strong contrast with the general uniform dark olive or olive-brown of the upper parts. 2B. stragulatus, however (of which, unfortunately, I have not been able to examine a perfect specimen), seems to agree in large and broad bill and other structural characters with B. semz- cervinus, While having the three-striped pileum and dark-colored rump, ete., of the typical Basileuter?. B. fraseri (which has the bill inter- mediate between that of B. semzcervinus and the typical species, but most like the former), presents a close approach in some characters as well as in general! appearance to Huthlypis, but differs from the latter (as do all other Bastleuter?) in having the tarsus at least one-third as long as the wing, in having the ninth primary shorter than the fourth, and in lacking white spots at tips of the rectrices. There are several species of the group which I have not been able to examine. Until these are carefully compared with the others the exact limits of the group can not be defined with precision; therefore, it is possible that, with all the species before him, some one else may be suecessful in the attempt to subdivide the genus which, as currently recognized, certainly is a very heterogeneous group." I would exclude from Basileuterus several species allied to Zrichas nigrocristatus Latresnaye, closely resembling in coloration W7lsonia pusilla; the species named being the type of J/yiothlypis Cabanis.” ' The following Basileuteri have not been seen by me: Bb. ewophrys, B. cinereicollis, B. auricularis, B. griseiceps, B. leucophrys, B. mesoleucus, and B. bolivianus. * Myiothlypis Cabanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 17. (Type, Trichas nigrocristatus Lafres- naye.) (‘‘Von svia, Fliege, und SAvzis nom. prop.’’) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 741 -KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF BASILEUTERUS. a. Rump and upper tail-coverts olive-green or olive, concolor with back; tail entirely dark colored. b. Pileum conspicuously different in color from back; no wing-bands. (Adults. ) c. Auricular region chestnut, like pileum. d. Superciliary stripe bright yellow. ( Basileuterus belli. ) e. Darker, especially the chestnut on sides of head; tarsus shorter (20-22 in male). f. Smaller (adult male averaging wing 57.7, tail 54.7, exposed culmen 9; adult female, wing 56.5, tail 52.2, exposed culmen 9.2) ; olive-green of upper parts lighter; lores mostly black. (Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, and Oaxaca. ) Basileuterus belli belli, adults (p. 743) ff. Larger (adult male averaging wing 64.5, tail 61, exposed culmen 10.2; adult female, wing 58, tail 55.5, exposed culmen 10); olive-green of upper parts darker; lores mostly chestnut. (Highlands of Guatemala andi Chiapas) eases aso ose Basileuterus belli scitulus, adults (p. 744) ee. Lighter, especially the chestnut on sides of head; tarsus longer (23-24 in male). (Southwestern Mexico, in States of Guerrero and Jalisco. Basileuterus belli clarus, adults (p. 745) dd. Superciliary stripe white. (Basileuterus rufifrons. ) e. Under parts with only the anterior half yellow, the abdomen being white; sides and flanks grayish and butty. f. Back olive-green, abruptly contrasted with gray of hindneck; white of posterior under parts usually more or less tinged with yellow; tail relatively shorter (averaging 55.2 in male, 54.4 in female) and _ bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 10.6). (Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Oaxaca. and Chiapas; Guatemala. ) Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons, adults (p. 745) jf. Back grayish olive, scarcely different from dull gray of hindneck; white of posterior under parts pure, untinged with yellow; tail relatively longer (averaging more than 57 in male, 56 or more in female) and bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging less than 10). g. Back grayer; tail shorter (averaging less than 58 in male); adult male averaging wing 52.8, tail 57.2, exposed culmen 8.9, tarsus 20.8. (Eastern border of Mexican plateau, in States of Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and northern Vera Cruz. ) Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi, adults (p. 746) gg. Back browner; tail longer (averaging more than 58 in male, more than 56 in female); bill smaller (exposed culmen averaging 8.9 in male). h. Vail shorter (averaging 58.8 in male, 56.2 in female); pileum almost wholly rufous. (Western and central Mexico, in States of Sina- loa, Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Hidalgo, and Guanajuato. ) Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi, adults (p. 747) hh. Tail longer (averaging 59.5 in male, 60.1 in female); pileum brownish gray posteriorly (sometimes medially also). (North- western Mexico, in States of Sonora and Chihuahua. ) Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus, adults (p. 748) ee. Under parts mostly (sometimes entirely) yellow, the sides and flanks olive-green. 742 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. f. Auricular region with only the upper half chestnut, the lower half whitish. g. Hindneck and sides of neck gray; posterior under parts sometimes partly whitish. (Southern Vera Cruz to Guatemala. ) Basileuterus rufifrons flavigaster, adults (p. 748) gg. Hindneck and sides of neck olive-green, like back; under parts without any whitish. (Highlands of Guatemala. ) Basileuterus rufifrons salvini, adults (p. 749) ff. Auricular region entirely chestnut. g. Darker; sides and flanks more strongly tinged with olive green. (Nicaragua and Costa Rica.) Basileuterus rufifrons delattrii, adults (p. 749) gg. Lighter; sides and flanks less strongly tinged with olive-green. (Colombia, north to Chiriqui. ) Basileuterus rufifrons mesochrysus, adults (p. 750) ec. Auricular region without any chestnut. d. A white superciliary stripe; crown chestnut, bordered laterally with black; median under parts whitish. (Highlands of Costa Rica and Chiriqui. ) Basileuterus melanogenys, adults (p. 751) dd. No white superciliary stripe; crown not chestnut. e. Spot in front of eye, postocular streak, and part of auricular region black; superciliary stripe and median crown-stripe pale drab; under parts pale olive-yellowish. (Highlands of Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Veragua. ) Basileuterus melanotis, adults (p. 752) ee. No black on side of head; superciliary region olive; median crown-stripe more or less yellow, sometimes partly orange-rufous or tawny; under parts bright yellow. ( Basileuterus culicivorus. ) f. Back, ete., grayish, more or less tinged with yellowish olive. g. Back, ete., darker and grayer. (Vera Cruz and Puebla, Mexico, to Costa Rica. )....Basileuterus culicivorus culicivorus, adults (p. 753) gg. Back, ete., lighter, more tinged with yellowish olive. h. Lateral crown-stripes broader, deeper black; median crown-stripe clear lemon yellow, without olive tips to feathers. (States of Guerrero and Jalisco, southwestern Mexico. ) Basileuterus culicivorus flavescens, adults (p. 755) hh. Lateral crown-stripes narrower, duller black; median crown-stripe obscured by grayish olive tips to feathers. (States of Tamau- lipas and San Luis Potosi, northwestern Mexico.) Basileutervs culicivorus brasherii, adults (p. 755) ff. Back, ete., greenish olive. (Chiriqui and Veragua.) Basileuterus culicivorus godmani, adults (p. 756) bb. Pileum concolor with back. Two narrow wing-bands of buff. (Young). c. Back, ete., light brown or olive; chest buff or light olive. d. A distinet supra-auricular streak of whitish; under parts more or less buffy. e. Back olive; under parts pale buffy brownish, becoming nearly white on abdoniens\!o=s seer mere Basileuterus rufifrons rufifrons, young (p. 746) ee. Back grayish brown; under parts entirely deep buff. Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi, young (p. 747) dd. No whitish supra-auricular streak; under parts pale olive, the abdomen pale sulphur yellowish. ..Basileuterus rufifrons delattrii, young (p. 747) ce. Back, ete., olive-brown or sooty; chest grayish brown or light sooty. Basileuterus melanogenys, young (p. 752) aa. Rump, tail-coverts, and at least basal half of tail buff. (Basileuterus semicervinus. ) 4 ia. Sat mur Silica 5 Mj a Mat Nhe BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 743 b. More olive above; rump, tail-coverts, and base of tail deeper buff; median under parts more strongly buffy, sides and flanks paler buffy olive. (Isthmus of Panama, Veragua, and Chiriqui.) Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis, adults (p. 756) bb. More sooty above; rump, etc., paler buff; median under parts more whitish, sides and flanks sooty olive. (Costa Rica to southern Honduras. ) Basileuterus semicervinus leucopygius, adults (p. ( 57) BASILEUTERUS BELLI BELLI (Giraud). BELL’S WARBLER. Adult male.—Upper parts, except pileum, plain olive-green, becom- ing dusky grayish on terminal portion of remiges; forehead and sides of crown black, inclosing a central crown-patch of chestnut; a broad superciliary stripe of clear gamboge or lemon yellow, extending to sides of occiput; lores black, sometimes chestnut posteriorly (next to eye); suborbital and auricular regions chestnut, this passing narrowly above the eye; malar region and under parts lemon yellow, more or less tinged with olive and passing into light olive-green on sides and flanks; bill brownish black; legs and feet pale brown (in dried skins); length (skins), 114-125 (118.6); wing, 55-62 (57.7); tail, 54-56 (54.7); exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 21.’ Adult female.—Similar to the adult male and not always distinguish- able, but usually (4) slightly lighter or more yellowish olive-green above; length (skins), 115-116 (115.3); wine, 54-59 (56.5); tail, 50-55 (52.2); exposed culmen, 9—-9.5 (9.2); tarsus, 20.5-22 (21.1).? Young, first plumage.—Above, including pileum, superciliary re- gion, and lores, plain sepia or bister brown; the remiges and rectrices olive-green, as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with light fulvous or cinnamon-buff, producing two rather distinct bands across wing; sides of head (except lores) plain olive, gradually fading into paler olive on throat and chest, this passing into tawny olive or raw umber on sides and flanks; abdomen, anal region, and under tail- coverts pale yellow (straw yellow).* Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa, Orizaba, Jico, etc.), Mexico (near City of Mexico), and Oaxaca (Llano Verde, Toton- tepec, Mount Zempoaltepec, Reyes, Cerro San Felipe, ete.). Muscicapa belli Giraup, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 15, pl. 4, fig. 2 _ (**Texas;’’ type now in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.*). 'Three specimens. * Four specimens. * Described from no. 143287,. coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey collection), from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Aug. 22, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. This speci- men is beginning to assume the adult plumage, the scapulars and lower back being olive-green, while yellowish feathers are appearing in the supra-auricular region and on sides of chin. *The type specimen is so faded that its certain identification with one or another of the three forms here differentiated is almost impossible. It seems, however, to be nearer the one from eastern Mexico than either of the others. 144 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Setophaga belli Baird, Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 (‘‘ Texas’’). [Setophaga] belii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3556, part. Basileuterus belli Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 65 (crit.) ; 1859, 374 (Llano Verde and Totontepec, Oaxaca).—Bairp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 305 (synonymy); Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Orizaba, Vera Cruz).— Sumicnrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp. reg. Vera Cruz).— Barrp, Brewer, and Ripa@way, Hist. N. Am. Birds, 1, 1874, 318, part (Mex- ico).—Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy ).—Ripa@way, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 134.—Satvry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves., 1, 1881, 174, part.—SnHarpsr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 395, part (near City of Mexico; Jalapa and Orizaba, Vera Cruz; Llano Verde, Oaxaca) .—AMERI- CAN OrniTHOLOGIStTS’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 693, part. [ Basileuterus] belli ScuaTER and Sarvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. B(asilewterus| belli Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. Basileuterus bellii ScLATER, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Orizaba).—Rimpa@way, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., ili, 1880, 216. Basileuterus chrysophrys BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314 (Real Ariba, Mexico; coll. Berlin Mus.; ex Sylvia chrysophrys Lichtenstein, manuscript).—Scia- TER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 202 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). BASILEUTERUS BELLI SCITULUS Nelson. GUATEMALAN WARBLER, Similar to B. b. belli but larger; olive-green of upper parts darker or duller; chestnut of crown and sides of head lighter and brighter, the latter involving more (sometimes most) of loral region; yellow of under parts averaging slightly brighter. Adult male.—Length (skins) 114-127 (123.2); wing, 56-65 (62.5); tail, 52-62 (58.7); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.5 (10); tarsus, 20-22 (21).’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 125; wing, 55-61 (58); tail, 53-58 (55.5); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 21.5.” Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Duenas, Todos Santos, Uspantan-Quiché, ete.) and Chiapas (San Cris- tobal).* Basileuterus belli (not Muscicapa belli Giraud) Satvrn and Scxiarer, Ibis, 1860, 31 (Coban, Guatemala).—Bairp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Coban ).— Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 3813, part (Gua- temala).—Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335, part (synonymy ).—Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30.—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 1, ' Four specimens. 2 Two specimens. * Specimens from San Cristobal are in reality intermediate between Guatemalan examples (true B. b. scitulus) and B. b. belli, having the darker olive-green upper parts of the former and the chiefly blackish lores of the latter. They are also inter- mediate in size, specimens averaging as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. culmen., Three adult males of B.b. belli from Oaxaca ...-..- 2.2... 522-222 --0- 57.7 54.7 9 21 Twoadul finalesitrom'Glis pes) <.4s--see = oe eee eee ee ee eee 60.5 56.5 9.5 20.5 Two adult males of B. b. scitulus from Guatemala........-..-..----- 62.5 58.7 LO 21 ES > Oa a es 5 " 1 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. (45 1881, 174, part (Guatemala).—SuHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 395 ) >| \ ’ ’ ’ ) part (Voleande Fuego, Volcan de Agua, and Duenas, Guatemala) .— AMERICAN OrnirHoLoaists’ Unton, Check List, 1886, no. 693, part (Guatemala). ? ? ? ’ Basileuterus) belli Scuater and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Guate- ; ’ mala). B[asileuterus] belli Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part (Guatemala). Basileuterus belli scitulus Newtson, Auk, xvii, July, 1900, 268 (Todos Santos, Guatemala; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). BASILEUTERUS BELLI CLARUS Ridgway.! CHILPANCINGO WARBLER. Similar to 2. b. scitul/us in the lighter and brighter chestnut of crown and sides of head, more extensively chestnut lores, and brighter yellow of under parts, but tarsus much longer and olive-green of upper parts lighter and more yellowish even than in LB. 6. bell/. Adult male.—Length (skins), 124-125 (124.5); wing, 63; tail, 59-60 (59.5); exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 23-24 (23.5).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 115-120 (117.5); wing, 56-58 (57) tail, 58-59 (56); exposed culmen, 9.5-10 (9.7); tarsus, 22-23.5 (22.7). Southwestern Mexico, in States of Guerrero (Chilpancingo) and Jalisco (San Sebastian). . 5 2 Basileuterus belli (not Muscicapa belli Giraud) Netson, Auk, xy, 1898, 159 (Chil- pancingo, Guerrero; San Sebastian, Jalisco). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS RUFIFRONS (Swainson). RUFOUS-CAPPED WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike).—Pileam deep cinnamon-rufous or rufous- chestnut, with an indistinct and sometimes nearly obsolete median stripe of paler, this sometimes mixed with grayish, especially on the occiput, and sometimes white anteriorly (on median line of forehead); hindneck and sides of neck olive-gray; rest of upper parts plain gray- ish olive-green, the edges of greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rec- trices brighter, more yellowish, olive-green; a sharply defined super- ciliary line of white, extending from nostril to sides of nape; lores and a triangular postocular space black or dark grayish, this passing nar- rowly above the eye; upper half (approximately) of auricular region cinnamon-rufous or rufous-chestnut, like pileum; lower portion of auricular region, anterior portion of malar region, and chin white, the first sometimes faintly flecked with grayish; throat, chest, and upper breast lemon or gamboge yellow; lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white, often tinged with yellow; sides and flanks light buffy brown; bill brownish black; iris reddish brown;* legs and feet light brown (indried skins). 'Type, no. 143292, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. (Biological Survey collection), adult male; mountains near Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Dec. 24, 1894; Nelson and Goldman. * Two specimens. *©. Sartorius, manuscript. 746 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young, first plumage.—Ahbove, including pileum, plain olive, becom- ing olive-greenish on edges of remiges and rectrices; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with brownish buff, forming two rather distinct narrow bands across wing; sides of head plain olive, relieved by a buffy whitish supra-auricular streak, the lores more dusky; malar region, chin, throat, median portion of lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, pale dull buffy; chest, sides of breast, and sides plain pale buffy olive, the posterior portion of sides, and flanks, more decidedly buffy. Adult male.—Length (skins), 115-118 (115.7); wing, 51-53 (52); tail, 58-57 (55.2); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.6); tarsus, 20-22 (20.9)." Adult female.—-Length (skins), 110-123 (118.2); wing, 48-51 (49.6); tail, 52-58 (54.4); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.6); tarsus, 18-22 (20.3).” Southeastern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Cordova; Jalapa; Mirador; Orizaba; Jico; Pasa Nueva), Puebla (Huachinango), Oaxaca (ia Parada; Cinco Sefiores; Tuxtepec; near Totontepec), and Chiapas (Ocuilapa, August 27; Guichicovi, September); Guatemala (in winter only 4). Setophaga rufifrons Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 294 (Mexico). S[etophaga] rufifrons Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 265. [Setophaga] rufifrons Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3554. [ Basileuterus] rufifrons BONAPARTE, Consp. Avy., i, 1850, 314. Basileuterus rufifrons ScuATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 291 (Cordova, Vera Cruz); 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1865, 284 (monogr.); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Mexico).—Batrp, Rep. Pacifie R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 296, footnote; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 248, part (Jalapa and Mirador, Vera Cruz).— Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (temp. reg. Vera Cruz).— Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 16 (Guichicovi, Chiapas, Sept. ).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 175, part (Jalapa, Mirador, Orizaba, La Parada, Cinco Sefiores, Guichicovi, ete. ).— SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 397, part (Jalapa; Cinco Sefiores) .— Ripgwiay, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 1892, 119, in text (crit.; Mirador; Orizaba; Guichicovi).—CHapmMan, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 25 (Jalapa). [ Basileuterus] rufifrons Scharrer and Satyin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. Blasileuterus] rufifrons Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part (Mirador; Orizaba). : Basilewterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) ScuaTer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 250 (Orizaba). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS JOUYI Ridgway. JOUY’S WARBLER, Similar to B. 7. rufifrons, but back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts dull grayish olive, passing gradually into the but slightly different brownish gray of hindneck and sides of neck, instead of olive-green abruptly contrasted with the nearly pure gray of hindneck ' Pour specimens. * Five specimens. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 147 and sides of neck; yellow of chest sharply defined posteriorly against the purer white of middle breast and abdomen; sides of breast gray, passing into grayish buffy on flanks; tail averaging longer, and bill much smaller. Adult male.—ULength (skins), 113-125 (120.3); wing, 52-55 (52.8) tail, 55-58 (57.2); exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.9); tarsus, 20-23 (20.8).! Adult female.—Length (skins), 115-120 (117.7); wing, 49-54 (52); tail, 58-59 (56); exposed culmen, 9; tarsus, 20-21 (20.6).” Mountain districts of eastern Mexico, in States of Nuevo Leon (Mon- terey), San Luis Potosi (Hacienda Angostura), and northern Vera Cruz (Maltrata). Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xv, no. 895, July 18, 1892, 119 (Hacienda Angostura, San Luis Potosi; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).— Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777, part (Hacienda Angostura). 2 BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS DUGESI Ridgway. DUGES’ WARBLER. Similar to B. 7. jowy?, but upper parts much browner (hair brown, tinged with olive, instead of gray, tinged with olive), sides of breast pale buffy brown, instead of gray, und flanks more decidedly buffy; tail averaging longer. Young, first plumage.’ —Above, including entire pileum, plain brown (intermediate between broccoli and sepia), the middle and greater wing- coverts rather broadly tipped with cinnamon, forming two distinct bands across wing; a supra-auricular stripe of brownish buff, extending anteriorly to above eyes; auricular region similar in color to pileum; malar region and under parts deep buff, slightly paler posteriorly. Adult male.—Length (skins), 118-124 (121.7); wing, 50-59 (52.9); tail, 55.5-63 (58.8); exposed culmen, 9-10 (9.2); tarsus, 20-23 (21.2). * Adult female.—Length (skins), 116-124 (120.3); wing, 49-52 (50); tail, 52-59 (56.2); exposed culmen, 8.5-10 (9.1); tarsus, 19-22 (20.1). ° Western and central Mexico, in States of Sinaloa (Plomosas; Sierr: Madre near Mazatlan), Jalisco (San Sebastian; Barranca Ibarra; Zapotlan; Talpa), Michoacan (Patzcuaro), Guerrero (Tlapa), Ouxace (Juquila; Cuicatlan; Oaxaca), Morelos (Cuernavaca), Puebla (Tochi- mileo), Hidalgo (Real del Monte; El Chico), and Guanajuato. Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 248, part (Sierra Madre near Mazatlan).—Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 270, (Sierra Madre).—Satyvrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.- Am., Aves, i, 1881, 175, part (Sierra Madre).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 397, part. ‘Six specimens. * Three specimens. ’The young of B. r. jouyi not seen. Compared with the young of Bb. r. rufifrons that of B. r. dugesi is strikingly different, being conspicuously browner (or less olive) above and much more strongly and purely buff below. * Thirteen specimens. ° Kight specimens. 748 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ Basileuterus| rufifrons SCLATER and Satyix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. Bl asileuterus] rufifrons Ripaway, Man. N. Ace Birds, 1887, oe part. Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xv, no. 895, July 18, 1892, 119 (Guanajuato, Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Basileulerus rufifrons jouyi (not of Ridgway) Jovy, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 777, part (Barranea Ibarra, Jalisco). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS CAUDATUS Nelson. LONG-TAILED WARBLER, Similar to B. 7. duges?, but with much less of rufous on pileum, the median portion of occiputand crown being brownish gray, this some- times extending to the forehead; back, ete., slightly grayer; bill smaller, and tail longer. ; Adult male.—Length (skins), 123; wing, 50-51 (50.5); tail, 59-60 (59.5); exposed culmen, 8.5-9 (8.7); tarsus, 20-22 (21).? Adult fematle.—Lenegth (skins), 124; wing, 50; tail, 58.5-61.5 (60); exposed culmen, 9—9.2 (9.1); tarsus, 20.5.' Northwestern Mexico, in States of Sonora (Alamos, ete.,) and Chihuahua (Batopilas; Napolera). Basileuterus ee (not Setophaga rujifrons Swainson) ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 41 (Napolera, n. w. Chihuahua, Dee. 8). Basile ieee caudatus Netson, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., , Xili, May 29, 1899, 29 (Alamos, Sonora; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS FLAVIGASTER (Nelson). CHIAPAS WARBLER. Similar to B. 7. rufifrons, but with the under parts more extensively yellow, sometimes entirely yellow, except the anal region or lower abdomen, which are yellowish white or pale buffy yellow, and sides and flanks, which are greenish olive. Adult male.—Length (skins), 113-120 (116.4); wing, 50-53 (51.6); tail, 50-56 (53.8); exposed culmen, 10-11.5 (10.9); tarsus, 20-22 (20.9).” Adult female.—Length (skin), 118; wing, 50.5; tail, 54; exposed culmen, 10; tarsus, 22.* Southeastern Mexico, from southern Vera Cruz (San Andreas Tuxtla) through Tabasco (Teapa) to Chiapas (Yajalon); Guatemala. * Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sciarer, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Mexico).—Satvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176, part.—SHarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 396, part. (?) Basileuterus rufifrons (not Setophaga rufifrons Swainson) SAuyin, Ibis, 1866, 192 (Duenas, Guatemala). Basileuterus flavigaster Nevson, Auk, xiv, Jan., 1897, 67 (Yajalon, Chiapas, s. e. Mexico; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). 'T wo specimens. 2 Six specimens. * One specimen. *T am unable to cite Guatemalan localities, the specimens examined being labeled simply ‘‘ Guatemala.”’ BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 749 BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS SALVINI (Cherrie). SALVIN'’S WARBLER, Similar to B. 7. flavigaster, but hindneck and sides of neck olive (not distinctly different from color of back, etc.), instead of gray; back, ete., rather browner olive-green; under parts entirely yellow; length (skin)! 127; wing, 53; tail, 59; exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21. Highlands of Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz). Having but a single specimen of this form I am not able to form a very decided opinion as to its status. Only these two facts are clearly evident: (1) that typical B. rufitrons grades insensibly into the present bird through the intermediate series named LB. flavigaster by Mr. Nelson, whose type is distinguishable from Mr. Cherrie’s type of B. salvini only by the distinctly gravy neck and slightly clearer olive-green color of the back, ete., other apparent differences rep- resenting characters which vary with season or with the individual; and (2) that the varying amount of yellow on the under parts is wholly independent of relative age of the specimens. The puzzling element in the case is that in Guatemala occur specimens which are indis- tinguishable from B. 7. flavigaster and B. 7. rufifrons. — Possibly these are migrants, all the resident birds representing B. 7. salvind. Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Satvin and Scuarer, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Duenas, Guatemala).—Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 249, excl. syn., part (Coban, Guatemala).—Sa.vin and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176 (Duefias, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Coban, Lanquin, and Cahabon, Guatemala; not ‘‘ Nicaragua’’).—SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 396 (Diego, Calderas, La Trinidad, etc., Guatemala). [ Basileuterus] delattrii ScLareR and Sauyix, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1875, 10. B{(asileuterus| delatrii Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 552, part. [Setophaga] delattrii Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 245, no. 3555. Basileuterus salvini Currris, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, no. 855, Sept. 4, 1891, 342 (Coban, Guatemala; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS DELATTRII (Bonaparte). DELATTRE’S WARBLER. Similar to B. pr. salvind, but chestnut of the pileum and auricular region darker, the latter involving the whole of the auricular region instead of the upper and posterior portions only; hindneck and sides of neck grayish (darker than in B. 7. rufifrons and B. 7. flaviqguster); olive-green of back, etc., darker. Young, first plumage.—Above, including pileum and sides of head, plain brownish olive; greater wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices dark brownish gray, edged with olive-green, as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with cinnamon-buff, forming two distinct ' Specimen without sex determined; no. 30700, coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala, Nov. 15, 1859; O. Salvin. Type of Basileuterus salvini Cherrie. 750 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. bands across wing; an indistinct supra-auricular streak of paler olive; chin whitish; throat, chest, and sides of breast pale brownish olive; rest of under parts pale yellow (between sulphur and straw yellow), the sides and flanks tinged with olive. Adult male.—Length (skins), 112-1383 (121.2); wing, 54-60 (56.5); tail, 53-57 (54.7); exposed culmen, 9.5-11 (10.1); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.9).! Adult fematle.—Length (skins), 111-133 (119.7); wing, 53-58.5 (55.1); tail, 52-55.5 (53.5); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.4); tarsus, 20-21.5 (20.9).? Nicaragua and Costa Rica (San José; Cartago; San Juan; Guaitil; Grecia; Alajuela, ete.) Basileuterus delattrii BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxviii, 1854, 383 (Nicaragua) .— CaBaNnts, Journ. fir Orn., 1860, 325 (Costa Rica).—CHerriz, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 340 (crit.; Costa Rica), 527 (San José, Costa Rica; deser. young); Auk, ix, 1892, 22 (San José, Costa Rica; deser. nest and eggs) ; Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 14 (Boruca and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). Basileuterus delattrei LAntz, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci. for 1896-97 (1899), 223 (Grenada, Nicaragua). Bl asileuterus] delatrii Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 532, part. Basileuterus mesochrysus (not of Selater, 1860) Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (San José, Costa Rica).—LAwrReENcE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (San José, Guaitil, and Grecia, Costa Rica).—Franrzius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 294 (San José, Costa Rica).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 52 (San José and Cartago, Costa Rica).—Sanvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.- Am:, Aves, 1, 1881, 176, part (San José, Guaitil, Grecia, and Irazu, Costa Rica).—Nutrine, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, 1883, 499 (San José).—ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nae. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (San José, Alajuela, Naranjo de Cartago, Grecia, and Monte Redondo, Costa Rica). —UNpbrErwoop, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica). [ Basileuterus] mesochrysus ScuATER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Costa Rica). [ Basileuterus delattrii.] Subsp. a. Basileuterus mesochrysus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 396, part (Grecia and Irazti, Costa Rica). BASILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS MESOCHRYSUS (Sclater). SCLATER’S WARBLER. Similar to B. 7. delattrii, but back, ete., lighter and clearer (more yellowish) olive-green, gray of hindneck lighter and clearer and more strongly contrasted with olive-green of the back, and yellow of under parts averaging brighter, with sides and flanks more faintly tinged with olive; tail relatively shorter. Adult male.—Length (skins), 108-116 (110.7); wing, 55-59 (56.5); tail, 48-53 (50.1); exposed culmen, 10-11 (10.2); tarsus, 20-21 (20.2)." Adult female.—Lenegth (skins), 102-118 (109); wing, 53-56 (54.7); tail, 47.5-54 (50.2); exposed culmen, 10-10.5 (10.3); tarsus, 20.5-21 (2037).* ' Four specimens. *Six specimens. ’ Three specimens, BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Fok Colombia, including Isthmus of Panama (Paraiso Station; Panama; Santa Fé, Chitra, and Calobre, Veragua; Volean de Chiriqui). [ Basileuterus] brunneiceps (not Setophaga brunneiceps Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny) Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 314! (Bogota, Colombia). Basileuterus delattrii (not of Bonaparte) Sciatrer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 144 (Bogota).—LawreEnce, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.). B[asileuterus] delatrii Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 522, part. Basileuterus mesochrysus SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 251 ( Bogota, Colom- bia; coll. P. L. Sclater); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 35 (Colombia ).—Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 250, part (Bogota).—Satvry, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fé, Veragua); 1870, 183 (Chitra and Calobre, Veragua).—Satvin and GopMAN, Ibis, 1879, 198 (Manaure, prov. Santa Marta, Colombia, alt. 2,700 ft.); 1880, 117(Santa Marta); Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 176, part (Volcan de Chiriqui, Chitra, Calobre, and Santa Fé, Veragua; Paraiso Sta- tion, Panama R. R.; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Bogota, Colombia ).— Banas, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 144 (Santa Marta), 180 (Palomina, Santa Marta).—A..en, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 176 (Bonda, ete., Santa Marta). [ Basileuterus] mesochrysus SCLATER and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part. [Basileuterus delattrii.]| Subsp. a. Basileuterus mesochrysus Suarpr, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 396, part (localities in Colombia, incl. Veragua). Basileuterus delattrii: mesochrysus Cuerriz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 342, in text (crit. ). BASILEUTERUS MELANOGENYS Baird. BLACK-CHEEKED WARBLER, Adults (sexes alihe).—Crown chestnut,’ margined laterally with a line of black, the black lines of opposite sides converging on the median portion of the forehead, where sometimes forming a black spot; sides of occiput (sometimes of nape also) sooty blackish; median portion of occiput and nape, hindneck, and sides of neck plain dark brownish gray or olive, passing into a more decided olive hue on back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail dusky brownish gray, the secondaries and rectrices edged with olive or light brownish olive, the primaries edged with a paler and usually more grayish hue; a broad superciliary stripe of white, more or less broken anteriorly (on supraloral portion) by mixture of black; sides of head, including loral, orbital, and auricular regions and anterior portion of malar region black, the first sometimes broken by admixture of white on anterior portion; chin (sometimes upper throat also) dull white flecked or barred with black, the middle or posterior portion of the malar region also mixed black and whitish; rest of under parts dull yellowish white, shading into pale olive laterally, this more grayish (sometimes nearly clear gray) anteriorly on sides of breast, etc.; chest faintly shaded with gray or pale grayish olive; maxilla dark brownish with paler ‘Not a new name, but Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny’s species wrongly identified and referred to the genus Basileuterus. ? These chestnut feathers elongated, forming an erectile bushy crest. 752 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ° tomia; mandible brownish white (in dried skins); legs and feet pale horn brownish (in dried skins). Young, first plumage.—Pileum and sides of head plain deep sooty brown or sepia; rest of upper parts plain olive-brown, the remiges and rectrices as in adults; middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale brownish buff, forming two distinct narrow bands across wing; asupra-auricular streak of brownish butf; chin and upper throat dusky, the feathers partly dull grayish white; lower throat dull brownish buffy white; chest, breast, sides and flanks grayish brown, intermixed with more rusty brown; median portion of breast and abdomen dull buffy white. Adult male.— Length (skins), 121-132 (126); wing, 59-66 (63); tail, 58-62 (59.7); exposed culmen, 10-12 (11); tarsus, 23.’ Adult female.—Length (skins), 120-134 (127.2); wing, 58-65 (61); tail, 55-61 (58); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 25." Highlands of Costa Rica (San José; La Palma; Volcan de Irazt) and Chiriqui (Volean de Chiriqui; Boquete). Basileuterus melanogenys Barry, Review Am. Birds, May, 1865, 248 (San Jose?, Costa Rica; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).—Lawrencg, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (San José).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua).—Sa.vrn and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 174, pl. 10, fig. 3 (San José and Volean de Irazi, Costa Rica; Volcan de Chiriqui).— Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 398.—ZerLEpon, Anal. Mus. Nace. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (La Palma de San, José).—Cuerrig, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 528 (descr. young).—Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, 4,500-10,200 ft. ). [ Basilewterus] melanogenys SCLATER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10. BASILEUTERUS MELANOTIS Lawrence. BLACK-EARED WARBLER, Adults (sexes alike). —Pileum with two broad lateral stripes of black, inclosing a broad median stripe of pale grayish buff, the former extend- ing to and including sides of nape, the latter more grayish on median portion of nape, the middle portion (on crown) sometimes pure buff; rest of upper parts plain greenish olive; a broad superciliary stripe, involving anterior portion of lores, pale buffy gray; spot in front of eye and postocular streak black, this extending to sides of neck and sometimes involving posterior and lower portions of auricular region; suborbital region, at least part of auricular region, and malar region pale buffy grayish, like superciliary stripe; chin and upper throat dull white; rest of under parts pale yellow (between canary and sulphur yellow), passing into greenish olive on sides and flanks and more or less strongly shaded with the same, or with grayish olive, on chest; max- illa brown, darker basally; mandible pale brown or brownish white (in dried skins); iris yellow;” legs and feet pale brown (in dried skins). ‘Four specimens, from Chiriqui. ! José C. Zeledon, manuscript. ee BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. (53 Adult male.—Length (skins), 119-128 (123.3); wing, 57-65 (61.7); tail, 50-57 (54); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 21-28 (22).' Adult female.—Leneth (skins), 114-126 (122.2); wing, 59-64 (61.5); tail, 52-56 (54.2); exposed culmen, 11; tarsus, 22.” Highlands of Costa Rica (Cervantes; Birris), Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete), and Veragua (Cordillera del Chucu). Basileuterus melanotis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., ix, Apr., 1868, 95 (Cervantes, Costa Rica; coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. ).—Sanvin, Ibis, 1869, 313 (Costa Rica).—FRanrzius, Journ. ftir Orn., 1869, 183 (Costa Rica).—SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 386 (Costa Rica; Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua).— Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Volean de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft. ). Basileuterus bivittatus melanotis ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Costa Rica). Basileuterus bivittatus (not Muscicapa bivittata Lafresnaye and D’Orbigny ) SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, 108, part (Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua); Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 183 (do.).—SaLvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 170, part (Cervantes and Birris, Costa Rica; Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua). [ Basileuterus| bivittatus ScLaTER and Satvix, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 10, part (Veragua; Costa Rica). BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS CULICIVORUS (Lichtenstein). LICHTENSTEIN’S WARBLER, Adults (sexes alike). —Pileum with two broad lateral stripes of black,’ inclosing a median one of pale yellowish olive, the middle portion of which is usually yellow, rarely orange-tawny or rufous, the feathers with light yellowish olive tips; rest of upper parts plain deep olive- gray (olivaceous mouse gray), the primaries edged with paler and clearer gray; a broad superciliary stripe of yellowish olive; eyelids dull light yellowish; a dusky spot (more or less distinct) in front of eye, and postocular region ‘usually more or less dusky; auricular region grayish olive, sometimes darker along upper margin, the lower portion usually finely streaked with dull whitish or palo yellowish; malar region and entire under parts lemon or gamboge yellow, passing into light yellowish olive-green on sides and flanks, the chest usually faintly tinged with the same; maxilla dark brown, mandible paler; legs and feet very pale yellowish brown or buffy (in dried skins). Adult male.—Lenegth (skins), 110-125 (122); wing, 58-64 (60); tail, 50-57 (51.8); exposed culmen, 9-11 (9.2); tarsus, 18—20.5 (19.2).* 1 Six specimens, from Chiriqui. * Four specimens, from Chiriqui. * These black stripes becoming narrower and less distinct, sometimes obsolete, on forehead. 4Sixteen specimens. 3054—VoL 2—01——48 754 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Adult female.—Length (skins), 106-120 (111.9); wing, 55-62.5 (57); tail, 48-54 (51.1); exposed culmen, 9-10.5 (9.8); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.1).? Southern Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Mirador; Cordova; Jalapa; Orizaba; San Andreas Tuxtla), Puebla (Metlaltoyuca), Oaxaca (Pluma; Coapam; Santo T omingo; Teotalcingo), Tabasco (Teapa), Campéche (Apazote), and Chiapas (Ocuilapa); Guatemala (Choetum; Coban; Khamkal; Volean de Agua; Volcan de Fuego); Costa Rica (Barranca; Guaitil; Grecia; Dota Mountains; San José; Naranjo de Cartago; Monte Redondo; Sabanilla de Alajuela). (No records for Salvador, Honduras, or Nicaragua.) Sylvia culicivora LICHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 2, no. 78 (Mexico; see Journ. fir Orn., 1863, 67). B[asileuterus] culicivorus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., i, 1850, 17 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz). Basileuterus culicivorus Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 245, part (s. Mexico, both sides; Choctum, Guatemala; Barranca, Costa Rica).—Lawrencr, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 95 (Barranca, Guaitil, Grecia, and Dota Mountains, Costa Rica).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1, 1869, 546 (temp. region Orizaba, Vera Cruz).—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 312, part.—Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 335 (synonymy ).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 52 (San José, Costa Rica) ; Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 30 (Guatemala ).—Satvrin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 171, part (Jalapa, Cordova, etc., Vera Cruz; Teotalcingo, Oaxaca; Volcan de Fuego, Volean de Agua, Coban, Khamkal, Choctum, ete., Guatemala; Costa Rican localities).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 383, part (Oaxaca; Jalapa; localities in Guatemala and Costa Rica).—Zeuepon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Rica); Anal. Mus. Nae. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Sabanilla de Alajuela, Naranjo de Cartago, Grecia, and Monte Redondo, Costa Rica).— CuaApMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 25 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz) —NELson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159, part (Pluma,. w. Oaxaca). [ Basileuterus] culicivorus SCLATER and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 10, part. B[asileuterus] culicivorus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531, part. [ Basileuterus]| culicivora BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 313 (Jalapa) . 'Twelve specimens. Specimens from different localities average as follows: Ex- Locality. Wing. | Tail. posed | Tarsus. culmen. MALES. Phree.adulpanalesmrom: Pueplda.soces: oases ee eee ee eae eee | 60 53. 2 Oe 19.2 Threeiadult malestrom: (‘Oaxdew sco a. se oeeeee ose ee eee eee aes a 6088 53.3 9.7 18.3 Five adult males from Tabasco and Campéche.............--------- 59.8 50.8 | 9.5 19.2 Twosadultimalesitromi Chis pas: cec.m ceca seis ere eee ae see ae | 59.7 51.5 oe 20 wo adultimales:tromi Costa wRiGaas fess see eee see ee ee |} 59.5 50.5 10.5 19.7 FEMALES. | Hive sdulttemalesiiromsVera Origins. cess ess oos cee eee eee eee > word 49.6 9.5 19.2 One adult female from Puebla ......-...- Beta yal ticisoee ee ee ee 56 50- | 10 19 Two sdulttemales from: Oaxaca ist. so esse ese eee Teese ene eee 58 51.7 9.7 19:5 Oneiadultiemale from TabascO.c-ccenn ee ee eee ee eesee eee 55 43 || 10 19 Three adult females from Costa Rica .............----- FRE ae | MibOe 2 51.3 | 10.2 18.8 “I oO On BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. [Setophaga] culicivora Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3544. Basileuterus brasieri (not Muscicapa brasieri Giraud ) Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66; 1856, 292 (Cordova, Vera Cruz) ; 1859, 374 (Oaxaca); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 34 (Oaxaca).—Barrp, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sury., ix, 1858, 303 (synom- ymy).—Satvin and Sciarer, Ibis, 1860, 274 (Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala). BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS BRASHERII (Giraud). BRASHER’S WARBI.ER, Similar to BL. c. culicévorus, but color of upper parts paler and more yellowish gray, black lateral stripes of pileum narrower, and under parts slightly brighter yellow; averaging slightly larger. Adult matle.—Length (skins), 117-126 (121.2); wing, 60-63 (61.5); tail, 52-57 (53.6); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.5 (10); tarsus, 19.5-20 EEO) = Adult female.—Length (skins), 112-119 (116); wing, 57-58 (57.3) tail, 50.5-51.5 (51); exposed culmen, 9.5-10 (9.8); tarsus, 19-21 (20). Northeastern Mexico, in States of Tamaulipas (Alta Mira; Ciudad Victoria) and San Luis Potosi (Jilitla). Muscicapa brasierii (typographical error*®) Giraup, Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, folio 25, pl. 6, fig. 2 (‘‘Texas;’’ type in U. S. Nat. Mus.).—ScuatTer, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 66. Basileuterus brasheri Berier, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v, Oct., 1880, 239 (corrects spelling of specific name ).* Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Ripaway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 216; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 133.—AmERICAN OrnitHoLoaists’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 692, part.—Ricumonp, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., xviii, 1896, 632 (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas). B{asileuterus] culiciwworus Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531, part. . 5 2 BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS FLAVESCENS! Ridgway. JALISCO WARBLER. Agreeing with L. ¢. brasheri in lighter and more yellowish gray of back, ete., deeper yellow of under parts, and in larger size, but upper parts still more strongly washed with olive-yellow, black lateral crown- stripes broader (as in ZB. c. culicivorus), and yellow of under parts still deeper; differing from both 2. ¢. ewlicivorus and B. c. brasheri in having the median crown-stripe almost wholly clear lemon or canary yellow (the feathers without yellowish olive tips) and the superciliary stripe hghter and more yellow. Adult male.—Length (skins), 123-125 (124); wing, 61-62 (61.5); tail, 52-56 (54); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.5 (10); tarsus, 20-20.5 (20.2).° ' Four specimens. * Three specimens. * Species named in honor of Mr. Philip Brasher, of Brooklyn, New York. *Type, no. 156147, coll. U. 8S. Museum (Biological Survey collection), adult male, San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mar. 17, 1897; Nelson and Goldman. ° Two specimens. 756 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Southwestern Mexico, in State of Jalisco (San Sebastian). Basileuterus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Netson, Auk, xv, 1898, 159, part (near San Sebastian, mts. of w. Jalisco). BASILEUTERUS CULICIVORUS GODMANI Berlepsch. GODMAN’S WARBLER. Similar to B. ¢. flavescens, but upper parts still more strongly washed with yellow (the general color decided olive-green) and super- ciliary stripe darker olive-green (the posterior portion concolor with auricular region, instead of decidedly paler and more yellowish); aver- aging slightly larger. Adult male.—Length (skins), 114-126 (120.4); wing, 58-65 (62.2); tail, 50-56.5 (54.1); exposed culmen, 9.5-10.5 (9.8); tarsus, 19.5-21.5 (20-1).* Adult female.—Length (skins), 112-116 (114.7); wing, 57-62 (60); tail, 49-54 (52); exposed culmen, 9.5; tarsus, 19.5—20. (19.7).” Chiriqui (Volcan de Chiriqui; Boquete), and Veragua (Calovevora);* southwestern Costa Rica (San Marcos) ¢* Basileuierus culicivorus (not Sylvia culicivora Lichtenstein) Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, 183 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Calovevora, Veragua).—Sat- vin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 171, part (localities in Veragua).—SuHarpPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 383, part ( Veragua). [ Basileuterus] culicivorus SCLATER and Satvrin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1875, 10, part. Basileuterus godmani Beruerscu, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 450 (Veragua; coll. Count von Berlepsch). (?) Basileuterus godmanni Cuerriz, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 10 (San Marcos, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.; descriptions). B[asileuterus] culicivorus godmani Beruerscu, Auk, v, Oct., 1888, 450, in text. Basileuterus culicivorus godmani Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 60 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,700 ft. ). BASILEUTERUS SEMICERVINUS® VERAGUENSIS (Sharpe). BUFF-RUMPED WARBLER. Adults (sexes alike).—Pileum and hindneck plain sooty or grayish clove-brown; back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts plain deep olive; wings dusky with olive edgings; rump, tail-coverts (upper and lower), and basal two-thirds (approximately) of tail clear buff; terminal por- tion of tail olive-dusky with lighter olive edgings; a supraloral streak ' Nine specimens. * Three specimens. *Oount von Berlepsch (Auk, v, 1884, 450) refers Costa Rican specimens to this form, but all the specimens from that country examined by me belong decidedly to B. c. culiciworus. I have not seen specimens from San Marcos, which Mr. Cherrie refers to this form. *See Cherrie, Anal. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 10. °T have not been able to examine a specimen of B. s. semicervinus. An example of B. s. uropygialis, from Bogota, Colombia, differs from the present form in having the back, etc., more greenish olive, the under parts entirely and more deeply buff, the basal portion of the tail deeper buff and the terminal portion lighter, more olive. a wT BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 5G and upper eyelid pale dull buff or buffy olive; a triangular dusky loral space and a less distinct (sometimes obsolete) dusky postocular spot or streak; under parts pale buff, the abdomen (sometimes throat also) nearly (sometimes quite) white, the sides and flanks buffy brown, the latter more strongly suffused with buff; chest sometimes indistinctly barred with pale olive; bill brownish black or blackish brown, the mandible sometimes paler brown; iris dark brown;' legs and feet pale horn brown (in dried skins). Adult male.—Length (skins), 119.5-124 (122.5); wing, 62-64 (63.1); tail, 50-53.6 (51.3); exposed culmen, 11-13 (11.8); tarsus, 21-23 (22.4).” Adult female.—Length (skins), 119-122 (120.5); wing, 62; tail, 49-50 (49.5); exposed culmen, 11-12 (11.5); tarsus, 21-23 (22).° Isthmus of Panama (south to Panama Railroad) and southwestern Costa Rica (Rio Naranjo; Boruca; Buenos Aires). Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater, 1864) Scuarer and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 347 (Panama R. R.).—Barrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 246 (Panama R. R.).—Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 136 (Santa Fé, Veragua; crit.); 1870, 183 (Bugaba, Veragua). [ Basileuterus] wropygialis SCLATERAaN Savin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1875, 10 (Panama). Basileuterus semicervinus (not of Sclater) LawreNcE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322 (Panama R. R.). Basileuterus leucopygius (not of Sclater and Salvin) Satyi~ and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 172, part (Bugaba and Santa Fé, Veragua; Pan- ama R. R.). [ Basileuterus leucopygius.] Subsp. a. Basileuterus veraguensis SHARPE, Cat. Birds > 3rit. Mus., x, 1885, 408 (Paraiso Station, Panama R. R.; coll. Brit. Mus. ). Basileuterus leucopygius veraguensis Banas, Auk, vill, Oct., 1901, 368 (Divala, Chiriqui); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, i, 1902, 60 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 ft. alt.). Basileuterus veraguensis CHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Nac. Costa Rica, vi, 1893, 12 (Rio Naranjo, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.; habits; song); Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 14 (Boruca and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). BASILEUTERUS SEMICERVINUS LEUCOPYGIUS (Sclater and Salvin). COSTA RICAN BUFF-RUMPED WARBLER. Similar to B. s. veruguensis, but buff of tail-coverts and basal portion of tail paler (nearly cream buff), that of the tail more restricted (occu- pying about the basal half, instead of basal two-thirds, and quite hid- den by the coverts); under parts paler, largely white medially, but sides and flanks much darker buffy olive, and the chest (sometimes breast also) spotted with pale olive. Adult male.—Length (skins), 132; wing, 63-64 (63.5); tail, 51-52 (51.5); exposed culmen, 11.5-12 (11.7); tarsus, 23.5-24 (23.7).* Adult female.—Leneth (skins), 116-130 (121.7); wing, 60-63 (60.9); tail, 48-50.5 (49.1); exposed culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2); tarsus, 20.5-23.5.° 2 'Heyde, manuscript. Four specimens. $ Two specimens. *Two specimens. ° Four specimens. 758 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Costa Rica (Angostura; Rio Frio; Tucurrique; Juiz; Volcan de Miravalles; La Palma; San Carlos), Nicaragua (Greytown; Los Sabolos), and southern Honduras (Segovia River). Basileuterus uropygialis (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1866, 180 (Greytown, Nicaragua); ix, 1868, 95 (Angostura and Juiz, Costa Rica).— SaLvin, Ibis, 1872, 313 (Nicaragua).—Boucarp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1878, 52 (San Carlos, Costa Rica). Basileuterus oe ScLaTer and Saryin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 156 (Costa Rica; coll. P. L. Sclater).—Sanivry and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 172, part (Greytown, Nicaragua; Tucurrique, Angostura, and Juiz, Costa Rica).—Nutrine, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1884, 399 (Los Sibalos, Nicaragua; habits).—SHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 402.—ZELEDON, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 105 (Costa Rica); Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, 107 (Angostura and Juiz, Costa Rica).—Ricumonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 18938, 485 (Rio Frio, Costa Rica; habits; song).— Unperwoop, Ibis, 1896, 434 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa ae [ Basileuterus]| leucopygius ScLaTER and Sauyin, Nom. Avy. Neotr., 1873, 10. Basilewterus semicervinus leucopygius RipGway [and Nurrina], Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., v, Sept. 5, 1882, 390 (La Palma, Costa Rica; habits). Genus ERGATICUS Baird. Ergaticus Batrp, Review Am. Birds, Apr., 1865, 237, 264. (Type, Setophaga rubra Swainson. ) Small ** fly-catching” Mniotiltidee with the bill very small and nar- row (narrower than deep at gonydeal angle and with maxilla from nostril not longer than hallux, without claw); ninth primary shorter than fourth; color mostly red. Bill very Small (length of maxilla from nostril not more than length of hallux without claw), narrow (width at gonydeal angle decidedly less than depth at same point); culmen nearly straight for basal half or more, then gently decurved; maxillary tomium nearly straight for terminal half, the basal half gently deflexed to the rictus, the sub- terminal notch indistinct; gonys straight or very faintly convex. Nostril longitudinal, narrowly oval, elliptical, or nearly linear, over- hung by broad membranous operculum. Rictal bristles well devel- oped, more than half as long as bill. Wing rather long, rounded (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest, eighth longer than fourth, ninth shorter than third); wing-tip longer than commissure, but much shorter than tarsus. Tail-nearly as long as wing, rounded, the rec- trices rather narrow, with rounded tips. Tarsus a little less than one- third as long as wing, slender, its scutella distinct or obvious only on lower portion; middle toe, with claw, much shorter than tarsus; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for about half its length (or a little less) to inner toe. Coloration.—Prevailing color red (sexes alike). Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. (Two species.) BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 759 This genus is very distinct from Cardellina, from which it differs in its relatively much shorter and more rounded wing, longer and decidedly rounded tail, more slender bill, longer rictal bristles, and very different style of coloration. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ERGATICUS. a. General color red. (Adults. ) b. Auficular region silvery white, in sharp and conspicuous contrast with deep red of rest of head. (States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Puebla, Mexico, Michoacan, and Jalisco, Mexico.)....-..- Ergaticus ruber, adult male and female (p. 759) bb. Auricular region satiny pink, concolor with rest of head. (Highlands of Guatemala and Chiapas.) .-Ergaticus versicolor, adult male and female (p. 760) aa. General color tawny brown. (Young. ) b. Auricular region light silvery gray...........- Ergaticus ruber,! young (p. 759) ERGATICUS RUBER (Swainson). RED WARBLER. Adult male.—General color rich red, darker and inclining: to claret brown on back and scapulars, ighter (poppy red or between poppy red and carmine) on rump and under parts of body; whole auricular region silvery white or pale silvery gray; lesser wing-coverts concolor with back; middle coverts dusky at base but with most of exposed por- tion poppy red; greater coverts dusky, broadly edged with dull poppy red; remiges and rectrices dusky, with dull reddish edgings, broadest and most distinct on tertials; bill horn brown, paler on mandible; legs and feet light horn brownish; length (skins), 115-126 (120.5); wing, 57-63 (59.7); tail, 55-64 (58.3); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 18.5-20 (19.3); middle toe, 10-11 (10.2).” Adult female.—Similar to the adult male but shghtly duller in color; length (skins), 115-117 (116); wing, 60-61 (60.5); tail, 56-57 (56.5); exposed culmen, 8; tarsus, 20; middle toe, 9-10 (9.5).* Immature male (second year).—Quite similar in coloration to the adult female. Immature female (second year).—Similar to the adult female and immature male, but the red of a more orange hue, and color of occiput hindneck, back, and scapulars much duller, inclining to burnt sienna. Young, first plumage.—General color cinnamon-brown or russet, darker above (inclining to mars brown on back and scapulars), paler, more tawny-cinnamon, below, the abdomen inclining to cinnamon- buff; auricular region pale silvery gray, in sharp and strong contrast with brown of rest of head; wings and tail dusky, the middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with cinnamon, the greater coverts broadly edged with the same, the remiges and rectrices edged with dull brownish red or reddish brown. Highlands of Mexico, in States of Vera Cruz (Jalapa; Mirador; Las The young of FE. versicolor not seen. 2 Four specimens. ’ Two specimens. 760 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vigas), Puebla (Mount Orizaba; Istatcihuatl; Chachapa; Teziutlan), Mexico (Tlalpam; Ajusco; near City of Mexico), Oaxaca (La Parada; Llano Verde; Cerro San Felipe; Mount Zempoaltepec), Michoacan (Patzcuaro), Jalisco (Sierra Nevada), Durango (Ciudad Durango), and Sinaloa (Sierra Madre). Selophaga rubra Swatnson, Philos. Mag., new ser., i, 1827, 368 (Valladolid, Mexico!); Isis, 1834, 784; Anim. in Menag., ce 293 (Toluca; coll. W. Swainson).—(?)Bonapartr, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1837, 118 (‘‘Guate- mala’’).—Barrp, in Stansbury’s Rep. Gt. Salt Lake, 1852, 329 (‘‘Texas’’) .— SciaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 65. [Setophaga] rubra Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 35382. [ Cardellina] rubra BoNAPArRtTE, Consp. Ay., i, 1850, 312. Cardellina rubra Cassin, Ilustr. Birds Cal., Tex., ete., 1854, 265, pl. 48.—ScuaTEr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 292 (El Jacale, s. Mexico); 1858, 299 (La Parada, Oaxaca); 1859, 363 (Jalapa, Vera Cruz), 374 (Llano Verde, Oaxaca); 1864, 173 (City of Mexico); Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 38 ene —BaIrpD, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 296; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 216; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 264 (n. e. Mexico; pine reg. i Mirador; highlands Orizaba).—Duaks, La Naturaleza, i, 1868, 140 (Valley of Mex- ico).—Sumicurast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., i, 1869, 546 (alp. reg. Vera Cruz).—Finscu, Abh. Nat. Brem., 1870, ae Setofaga rubra Leis, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 1842, 140. B(asileuterus] ruber CaBpants, Mus. Hein., 1, ee 18 (Mexico). [ Ergaticus] ruber ScLavTER and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 11. Urgaticus ruber Rripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 152.—Satvin and Gop- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 164.—SnHarps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 406 (near City of Mexico; Jalapa, Oaxaca; Ciudad Durango).— Frerrari-Perez, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., ix, 1886, 138 (Istatcihuatl, Chachapa, and Teziutlan, Puebla).—AmericAN OrnirHo.Loaists’ Unron, Check List, 1886, no. 691.—Cox, Auk, xii, 1895, 358 (Mount Orizaba, 11 000 ft. ). —CHapP- MAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., x, 1898, 40 (Las Vigas, Vera Cruz, 8,000 ft. alt., breeding). E{rgaticus] ruber Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. Cardellina ( Ergaticus) rubra Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 331, Bree an Sylvia miniata (not Selophaga miniata Swainson ) Lae AYE, Mag. de Zool., 183 pl. 54. Parus leucotis Giraup. Sixteen Species Texan Birds, 1841, fol. 17, pl. 4, fig. 1. (‘*Texas’’). ERGATICUS VERSICOLOR (Salvin). PINK-HEADED WARBLER, Adult male.—Head, neck, and chest rose pink, with a satiny gloss, changing to nearly white in certain lights, deepening on forehead, lores, and suborbital region into wine red or burnt carmine, the chin tinged with the same, all the feathers of head, neck, and sheet dusky beneath the surface, this showing wherever plumage is disarranged; back, scapulars, and lesser wing-coverts plain dark brownish red or deep burnt carmine, passing into lighter red (nearest light burnt carmine) on rump, the UBB tail-coverts same color as back but with paler 1 Province of More lia, State of Michoacan? 7 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 761 red tips; under parts of body, with under tail-coverts, poppy red, the feathers sometimes with indistinct terminal margins of pale pinkish; middle wing-coverts dusky tipped with pinkish red; greater coverts dusky edged with deeper and duller red; remiges and rectrices dusky with narrow and indistinct grayish red edgings, these more distinct on tertials; maxilla dusky horn color, mandible paler; iris orange;' legs and feet horn color; length (skins), 112-117 (115.8); wing, 58-63 (60.3); tail, 52-56.5 (54.8); exposed culmen, 8-9 (8.5); tarsus, 19-20 (19.3).° Adult female.—Similar to the adult male but slightly duller in color, with the red of a slightly more orange hue; length (skins), 111-120 (114); wing, 57-59 (57.8); tail, 53-56 (54.4); exposed culmen, 7-9 (8.1); tarsus, 18-19.5 (18.8).° ; Highlands of Guatemala (Chilasco, Totonicapam, Volcan de Fuego, Solola, Todos Santos, Hacienda Chancol, Uspantan-Quitché, ete.) and Chiapas (Pinabete, San Cristobal, ete.). Cardellina versicolor Savin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1863, 188, pl. 24, fig. 1 (Chi- lasco, Vera Paz, Guatemala; coll. Salvin and Godman); Ibis, 1866, 192 (highest districts of Guatemala).—Batrp, Review Am. Birds, 1865. 265 (Totonicapam, Guatemala). [Setophaga versicolor] Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 244, no. 3533. [ Ergaticus versicolor] ScLaTeR and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 11. Ergaticus versicolor SAtvin and GopMan, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1881, 165, pl. 11, fig. 1 (Volean de Fuego, Solola, Totonicapam, and Chilaseco, Guate- mala).—SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 407.—NeE.son, Auk, xv, 1898, 159 (central Chiapas). El rgaticus] versicolor Rrpaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 531. Genus CERTHIDEA Gould. Certhidea GouLp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. v, 1837, 7. (Type, C. olivacea Gould. ) Small long-legged, short-tailed, very plainly colored Mniotiltidee with rather stout but acute bill; the tarsus much more than one-third as long as wing and more than one-half as long as tail; coloration plain olive, grayish brown or brownish gray above, paler, sometimes nearly white, beneath, the throat and a superciliary streak sometimes buffy or rufescent. Bill rather small (exposed culmen less than two-thirds as long as tar- sus, not longer than middle toe without claw, usually shorter), pointed, deeper than broad at base; culmen distinctly ridged, nearly or quite straight for basal half (more or less), the terminal portion very slightly curved and the extreme base sometimes slightly convex; gonys straight or very slightly convex, shorter than distance from nostril to tip of maxilla; maxillary tomium with an indistinct notch near tip (sometimes obvious only by very close inspection), its basal portion gradually curved downward from a point beneath or slightly anterior to nostril. Nostril 1 Heyde and Lux, manuscript. » Seven specimens. * Five specimens. horizontally oval or subcuneate, with membrane above, behind, and below, but broadest above. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather short, rounded (seventh, sixth, and fifth primaries longest and nearly equal, the eighth and fourth but little shorter, ninth not longer than second); wing-tip shorter than length of culmen. ‘Tail short (less than twice as long as tarsus but more than two-thirds as long as wing), rounded, the rectrices broad and rounded at tip. Tarsus long (about twice as long as exposed culmen, much more than one-third as long as 762 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. | wing), slender, its scutella indistinct (sometimes obsolete laterally); mid- dle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus, its basal phalanx united for more than half its length to outer toe, for less than half to inner; lateral toes with claws reaching ahout to base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lateral toes but conspicuously stouter, its claw decidedly shorter than the digit. Coloration.—Plain brownish gray, grayish brown, or olive above (the wings with narrow whitish bands in one species); under parts much paler than the upper, sometimes dull white, the throat and a superciliary streak sometimes buffy or rufescent. Nidification.—Unknown. Range.—Galapagos Archipelago, where represented on all the islands of the group. I have long been convinced that Certhidea belonged to the Mniotil- tide rather than the Coerebide, where it had been placed by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin. This view of its relationships has been confirmed by an examination of its anatomical structure, made at my suggestion by Mr: BE. A. Lueas.* Owing to their extremely plain coloration, it is very difficult to con- struct a key to the species of this genus, a difficulty greatly enhanced by the fact that I have at the present time only four of the nine known forms before me, while two of the remaining five I have not seen at all. The following attempt is therefore far from satisfactory, but may assist somewhat in the identification of the various forms. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CERTHIDEA. a. No whitish wing-bars. 6. Adult males with throat and superciliary streak ochraceous-buff or tawny. ce. Darker and more olive above; rectrices very narrowly tipped with pale brownish. d. Less olive above, paler and less olive below, bill never black. (Jervis, Narborough, James, Indefatigable, Albemarle, and Dunean islands. ) Certhidea olivacea (p. 763) dd. More olive above, darker and more olive below; bill often black. (Chatham Islamds) 3 teen? og sane sae Se eae Certhidea luteola (p. 764) | cc. Paler and more grayish; rectrices rather broadly tipped with whitish. i (Charlestisland!)\ 23sec e ne aeons Certhidea ridgwayi (p. 765) 'See Lucas, The Anatomy and Affinities of Certhidia (sic); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., | xvii, 1894, 309, 310. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 763 6b. Adult males never with throat or superciliary streak ochraceous-buff or tawny (rarely with a patch or tinge of ochraceous or buffy on throat). ce. Under parts darker, more olivaceous; upper parts browner or more olive; bill longer (distance from nostril to tip of maxilla 7.9-8.9). d. Chin and under wing-coyerts buffy; mandible usually black. (Tower GS] stra CL) peers eae a ta pen re ee ad eee A Nod a Certhidea mentalis (p. 766) dd. Chin and under wing-coverts not buffy (white or pale yellowish); mandible never (?) black. e. Paler, especially on sides and flanks; throat never inclining to ochraceous; smaller (wing not more than 53.8). (Abingdon and Bindloe islands. ) Certhidea fusca (p. 766) ee. Darker, especially on sides and flanks; throat sometimes tinged with or inclining to ochraceous; larger (wing 55.9-62 in males, 51.8-56.9 in females) . f. Smaller (wing of male 55.9-58.9, of female 51.8-53.8); pileum and sides of breast paler. . (Wenman Island.)........- Certhidea becki (p. 767) i. Larger (wing of male 62, of female 56.9); pileum and sides of breast darker. (Culpepper Island).-.........- Certhidea drownei (). 767) ce. Under parts brownish white; upper parts grayer; bill shorter (never more than 8.4 from nostril to tip of maxilla, usually much less); reetrices nar- rowly tipped with whitish. (Hood Island and Gardner Island near Hood. ) Certhidea cinerascens (p. 768) aa. Wing with two narrow bars of whitish. (Barrington Island. ) Certhidea bifasciata (p. 768) CERTHIDEA OLIVACEA Gould. DARWIN’S CERTHIDEA. Adult male.—Abdove plain pale olive, becoming more olive-gray on pileum and hindneck; rump and upper tail-coverts more buff yolive; wings and tail dusky grayish with pale olive edgings, the middle wing- coyerts broadly tipped with wood brown, the greater coverts broadly edged with the same; a short superciliary stripe (extending from nos- tril to about 4 mm. behind eve), lower eyelid, malar region, chin, and throat (sometimes upper chest also) cinnamon-tawny, tawny- ochraceous, or cinnamon-rufous; lores and suborbital region pale dull buffy; auricular region light buffy grayish; median portion of breast and abdomen and under tail-coverts cream buff, the breast with more or less concealed central spots of the color of throat, the shorter under tail-coverts tinged with the same; sides and flanks grayish buffy or pale olive-brown; maxilla dusky, mandible pale brownish or brownish white (in dried skins); iris dark brown; tarsi horn brown, the toes darker; length (skins), about 91.5; wing, 55-57; tail, 37-40; bill from nostril, 7.' Adult female. —Similar to the adult male but slightly smaller; under parts paler (more whitish), with less of the cinnamon-tawny or cinna- mon-rufous color on throat, ete., usually with much less, sometimes with none; wing 54-56 (rarely exceeding 55).” ' Measurements from Rothschild and Hartert. * According to Rothsehild and Hartert. 764 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Young.—Similar to the adults but plumage of looser texture; middle and greater wing-coyerts margined terminally with cinnamon- buffy; superciliary region, chin, throat, and chest dull buffy whitish or very pale dull grayish buffy. Galapagos Archipelago (James, Duncan, Albemarle, Indefatigable, Narborough, and Jervis islands). Certhidea olivacea Gouin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. vy, 1837, 7 (Galapagos I.); Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii, Birds, 1841, 106, pl. 44, part (James I.).— Sauvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 476, part (James I.; Inde- fatigable I.).—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 28, part (James L.; Indefatigible I.).—Rip@way, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii, 1889, 105, 119, 128, 125, part (James I.; Indefatigable I.); xix, 1897, 498 (monogr. ). CLerthidea] olivacea BoNAParts, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 541. [ Certhidea] olivacea ScLaTER and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1878, 16. Certhidea olivacea olivacea RotascHitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 148 (James, Duncan, Albemarle, Jervis, Indefatigable, and Narborough islands). Certhidea salvini Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Noy. 15, 1894, 358 (Indefatigable I.; coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 500 (monogr. ). Certhidea albemarlei Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 360 (Albemarle I., Galapagos, coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 500 (monogr. ). CERTHIDEA LUTEOLA Ridgway. CHATHAM ISLAND CERTHIDEA, Similar to C. olvvacea, but upper parts brighter olive and under parts distinctly buff-yellowish (except in much abraded plumage); no rufescent color on throat, ete.;' bill frequently entirely black; wing, 52.1-52.8; tail, 35.6-37.6; exposed culmen, 10.2-10.9; tarsus, 20.6-21.6; middle toe, 12.2.” Adult male.—Above uniform bright olive or buffy olive; wings and tail dusky, the feathers broadly edged with the color of the back, the tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts (rather broadly) pale olive- buff, producing two indistinct bands across the wing; superciliary streak, extending from nostrils to above posterior angle of eye, eyelids, and entire under parts light buff-yellowish, deepest on throat, else- where tinged with olive, especially on sides and flanks; under wing- coverts and under tail-coverts pale yellowish buff; bill wholly deep black; ‘‘iris brown;” legs and feet dark brown; wing, 54.1; tail, 38.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 20.8; middle toe, 11.4.° Young male.—Above deep olive-brown, much darker on pileum (approaching sooty on forehead), more fulvescent on rump and upper 'A single specimen in the large series contained in the collection of the Tring Museum shows some freshly assumed rufescent feathers on the throat, showing ‘beyond doubt that a red throat issometimes attained.’’ (Rothschild and Hartert. ), * Thirteen specimens. 3Type, no. 56, coll. Dr. G. Baur (now in coll. Tring Museum), Chatham Island, Galapagos, June 17, 1891. boi etete eee. = 6 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 765 tail-coverts, many of the feathers of top of head, hindneck, and back showing very indistinct tips of dusky, producing a very faintly mot- tled appearance; greater wing-coverts conspicuously edged and tipped with bright tawny; secondaries edged with tawny-olive; sides of head and neck, throat, and chest nearly uniform dull light grayish brown, mixed with pale dull buffy, the feathers dusky gray basally; sides and flanks similar but browner; median portion of under parts, pos- terior to chest, dull pale buffy, nearly white on lower belly and anal region.' Galapagos Archipelago (Chatham Island). Certhidea olivacea (part) Goutp, Zool. Voy. Beagle, ili, Birds, 1841, 106 (Chat- ham I., Galapagos Archipelago).—Satvin, Trans. Zool. Soe. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 476, part (Chatham I.).—Scuiater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 28 (Chatham I.).—Rrmpeway, Proc. U.8. Nat. Mus., xii, 1889, 105 (part), 121 (Chatham I.). Certhidea luteola Rrpaway, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 360 (Chatham I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 501 (monogr.). Certhidea olivacea luteola Rorascnitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 149 (Chatham I.; crit.). CERTHIDEA RIDGWAY I (Rothschild and Hartert). CHARLES ISLAND CERTHIDEA, Similar to C. o/7vacea, but under parts much paler and less olivaceous; upper parts more grayish; rufous-cinnamon of throat more rusty; whitish tips to rectrices broader (1-1.5 mm. wide); bill usually deep black. Young. —Ahove dusky blackish brown, the pileum almost uniform black, the feathers of the back and rump, and the upper tail-coverts broadly edged with light brown, narrowly margined at tips with black, and ash-gray at base; wings with light brown edgings, more rusty on the coverts; feathers of under parts ash gray basally, then dark slate color, their tips rusty buff; throat patched with blackish slate color, raused by the greater extent of the slaty color in the middle of the feathers.’ Galapagos Archipelago (Charies Island). According to Messrs. Rothschild and Hartert, the color of the under parts in this form resembles that of C. ednerascens, ** but is not so white, and the adult sa/es have a red [7. ¢., rusty] throat, which is apparently never assumed by C. cinerascens.” Certhidea olivacea ridgwayi Roruscnitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 149 (Charles I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Tring Mus. ). 'No. 115940, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Chatham Island (high hills), Apr. 5, 1888; C. H. Townsend. * Description adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. 766 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CERTHIDEA MENTALIS Ridgway. TOWER ISLAND CERTHIDEA. Similar to C. fusca, but rather smaller; color darker and less oliva- ceous, the under parts dull light olive-grayish becoming pale buffy on chin and under wing-coverts. Adult.—Above uniform deep grayish olive; chin, throat, and under wing-coverts pale buff, deepest on chin, that of throat changing grad- ually on chest to buffy gray, which covers whole chest, upper breast, sides, and flanks; belly dull whitish; under tail-coverts buffy white; an indistinct whitish supraloral streak; wing, 52.1; tail, 40.1; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 20.3. Of the five specimens examined one has the mandible apparently black, one dark brown, the other three brown:sh white. Galapagos Archipelago (Tower Island). Certhidea mentalis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Nov. 15, 1894, 399 (Tower I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur); xix, 1897, 504 (monogr. ). Certhidea olivacea mentalis RorascHitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 150 (Tower I.). CERTHIDEA FUSCA Sclater and Salvin. ' HABEL'S CERTHIDEA. Similar to C. o//vacea, but darker and less olivaceous above, the under parts buffy grayish white or very pale yellowish olive-gray; bill more dusky (wholly black in adult male); adult: male without rufescent coloring on throat or superciliary region; wing, 50.8-52.3 (51.8); tail, 33-86.8 (35.6); exposed culmen, 10.7-11.4 (11.2); tarsus, 20.3-20.8; middle toe, 11.4-12.2 (11.7).’ Adult male.—Above uniform grayish olive, the wing-edgings simi- lar, but rather paler on tips of greater and middle coverts; supraloral streak, orbits, and lower parts generally dull pale grayish buffy (the buff clearer and more pronounced on throat), deepening on sides and flanks into buffy olive-grayish and fading on belly and under tail-cov- erts into buffy whitish; bill brownish black, rather paler on basal portion of mandible; tarsi dark horn color, toes darker; length (skin), 100.3; wing, 50.8; tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 20.3; middle toe, 11.4.” Adult female?.—Similar to the male as described above, but slightly paler beneath and on sides of head, with throat less tinged with buffy; basal half of mandible and maxillary tomium horn brown; length (skin), 102.8; wing, 51.3; tail, 36.1 exposed culmen, 10.7; tar- sus, 20.3; middle toe, 11.9.* 'Five specimens. *No. 116100, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. 3 No. 116102, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ee tial initia te etl — ate Ms ad till ei Be ~ plies Ps Sait yA BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 767 Another adult male (no. 116101, coll. U.S. Nat. Mus., obtained April 16) has the mandible distinctly light colored, except at tip, thus show- ing the color of the bill to be an inconstant feature in this as well as in some other species of the genus. Young.—Above similar to adult, but rather browner, and feathers, especially on back, hindneck, and pileum, showing’ in certain lights very indistinct narrow terminal bars of dusky; beneath much as in adult, but sides of head and neck, throat, and chest more grayish; sides and flanks faintly mottled with light grayish brown, the flanks tinged with pale buffy.' Galapagos Archipelago (Abingdon and Bindloe islands). Certhidea fusca SCLATER and SALVIN, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1870, 323, 324 (Abing- don and Bindloe islands, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Salvin and Godman ).— Savin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., ix, pt. ix, 1876, 477.—Sciater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 28.—Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii, 1889, 105, 119, 123, 124, 126 (Abingdon Island); xix, 1897, 502 (monogr.). [ Certhidea] fusca, Scuarer and Satvin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 16. Certhidea olivacea fusca Rorascuitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 151 (Abingdon and Bindloe islands). ? CERTHIDEA BECKI Rothschild. WENMAN ISLAND CERTHIDEA, Similar to C. fusca, but darker, especially on sides and flanks; wing longer, (56, nearly 59 mm., in males, 52-54 mm. in females), but bill shorter (8-9 mm.); adult male sometimes with an ochraceous patch on throat, the adult female sometimes with the throat tinged with ochra- ceous. Differing from (. ol/¢vacea in being darker above, darker and browner on chest, flanks, and sides of breast, and in the adult males not having the throat rufous-cinnamon.” Galapagos Archipelago (Wenman Island). Certhidea becki Roruscuiip, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, no. liv, May 25, 1898, p. liii (Wenman Island, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Tring Mus. ). Certhidea olivacea beckt Roruscuttp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 149 (crit. ). CERTHIDEA DROWNEI Rothschild. CULPEPPER ISLAND CERTHIDEA. a Similar to C. beck7, but larger (wing, 62mm., in adult male, 57 mm., in adult female); sides of breast darker, more olivaceous; pileum darker; length of bill from nostril to tip of maxilla, 8-9 mm.* Galapagos Archipelago (Culpepper Island). Certhidea drownet Roruscuitp, Bull Brit. Orn. Club, no. liv, May 25, 1898, p. liii (Culpepper Island, Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Tring Mus.). Certhidea olivacea drownet Roruscnitp and Harrerr, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 150 (crit. ). 'No. 116108, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. ? Description adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. * Diagnosis adapted from Rothschild and Hartert. 768 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. CERTHIDEA CINERASCENS Ridgway. GRAY CERTHIDEA, Similar to C. fusca, but much grayer above and whiter beneath, and bill smaller (ength from nostril to tip of maxilla not exceeding 8.5). Adult male.—Above plain dull brownish gray, beneath wholly dull grayish white, faintly tinged with buffy, especially along sides; bill black, basal half of mandible horn color; legs and feet black; length (skin), 97.8; wing, 50.8; tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 9.4; bill from rictus, 11.4; tarsus, 18.5; middle toe, 10.9.! Galapagos Archipelago (Hood Island and Gardner Island, near Hood Island). Certhidea cinerascens RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xii, no. 767, Feb. 5, 1890, 105, 119, 127 (Hood L., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.); xix, 1897, 503 (monogr. ). Certhidea cinerascens cinerascens RoTHSCHILD and Harrert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 151 (Hood I. and Gardner I., near Hood). Certhidia cinerascens Baur, Am. Nat., xxxi, 1897, 783 (Gardner I., near Hood). Certhidea olivascens (laspus penna) Rrpaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xii, 1890, 124 (Hood I.). CERTHIDEA BIFASCIATA Ridgway. BARRINGTON ISLAND CERTHIDEA. Similar to C. cénerascens, but still whiter (entirely almost pure white) beneath, and wing with two broad whitish bands across tips of greater and middle coverts. Adult.—Above brownish gray, becoming very much paler on the rump; wings and tail dusky, the feathers broadly edged with grayish brown; middle wing-coverts broadly tipped with pale dull buffy, and greater coverts with dull white, producing two conspicuous bands across the wing: lores, orbits, cheeks, and entire under parts uni- form dull white; maxilla dark brown, with whitish tomia; mandible whitish; legs and feet brownish black; length (skin), 86.4; wing, 50.8; tail, 35.6; exposed culmen, 10.2; tarsus, 19.8; middle toe, 12.2.’ Three specimens from Barrington Isiand agree in the above char- acters. Galapagos Archipelago (Barrington Island). Certhidea bifasciata RipGway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvii, no. 1007, Noy. 15, 1894, 309 (Barrington I., Galapagos Archipelago; coll. Dr. G. Baur’); xix, 1897, 504 (monogr. ). Certhidea cinerascens bifasciata RotuscHitp and Harrert, Novit. Zool., vi, Aug., 1899, 151 (Barrington I[.). 'Type, no. 116069, coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Hood Island, Galapagos, Apr. 7, 1888. 2 Type, no. 5938, coll. Dr. G. Baur (now in coll. Tring Mus. ), Barrington Island, Galapagos, July 9, 1891. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 769 | Genus RHODINOCICHLA Hartlaub. Rhodinocichla Hartuaus, Journ. fiir Orn., i, Jan., 1853, 33. (Type, Furnarius roseus Lesson. ) Rhodinocincla (lapsus!) Rercnenspacn, Handb. Spec. Orn., no. x, Scansorize (Sit- tinee), Aug. 1, 1853, 148, 201. Rhodocincla (emendation ) SuNDEVALL, Ay. Meth. Tent., 1872, 13. Cichlalopia BoNAPARTE, Compt. Rend., xxxvili, 1854, 6. (Type, Turdusvulpinus Hartlaub, = Purnarius roseus Lesson. ) Very large Mniotiltidee(?) with bill nearly as long as head, stout (depth at nostrils equal to nearly half the distance from nostril to tip of maxilla), distinctly notched; nostril nearly circular, with very sheht superior membrane; rictal bristles obsolete; middle toe with claw nearly equal to tarsus; wing excessively rounded, the outermost (ninth) pri- mary much shorter than secondaries, the eighth shorter, or at least not longer, than first, the seventh, sixth, fifth, and fourth longest and nearly equal; tail about equal to wing, much rounded; upper parts, sides, and flanks plain sooty blackish or slate color; superciliary stripe and median under parts rose red in adult males, tawny in adult females. Bill nearly as long as head, moderately compressed, rather stout; culmen straight for basal half (appoximately) then gradually decurved to the distinctly but not abruptly uncinate tip, distinctly but not sharply ridged basally; maxillary tomium nearly straight for most of its length, distinctly notched subterminally; gonys very faintly convex. Nostril circular, in anterior end of nasal fossee, without superior operculum or membrane, except posteriorly. Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing short, excessively rounded; outermost (ninth) primary much shorter than secondaries; eighth shorter (or at least not longer) than first, the sev- enth, sixth, fifth, and fourth longest and nearly equal; wing-tip about half as long as exposed culmen. Tail about as long as wing, much rounded, the rectrices very broad, with rounded tips. Tarsus about one-third as long as wing, stout, its scutella indistinct on outer side; middle toe, with ciaw, nearly as long as tarsus; lateral toes equal, their claws falling short of base of middle claw; hallux about as long as lat- eral toes, slender, its claw much shorter than the digit; basal phalanx of middle toe united for most of its length to outer toe, for about half its length to inner toe. Coloration.—Upper parts, sides of head, sides, and flanks plain sooty blackish or slate color; superciliary stripe, malar region, and under parts (except laterally) rose red in adult males, tawny in females; young said to have the under parts mottled.’ Nidijfication.—Unknown. 1 Evidently a slip of the memory, or the pen, since Hartlaub is cited, as above, as authority for the name. * Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 38 3654—voL 2—01——49 TCO BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Range.—Western Mexico; Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela. (Two species. ) Although this genus, first placed in the Furnariide, but usually referred to either the Mimide or Troglodytide, is very aberrant as a member of the Mniotiltidee, I do not know where else to place it. It quite certainly does not belong to the first-named family, being unquestionably an oscine bird; nor can it belong to either of the other two, which are both ‘‘ ten-primaried” groups, while Rhodinecichla is ** nine-primaried,” the tenth primary being very minute and entirely concealed. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF RHODINOCICHLA. a. Superciliary stripe, throat, breast, etc., rose red. (Adult males. ) b. Smaller (wing 81, tail 78, depth of bill at nostrils 5.5).1_ (Wenezuela; Colombia.) Rhodinocichla rosea rosea, adult male (extralimital ? ) bb. Larger (wing 83-90, tail 82-93, depth of bill at nostrils 6.5-7). c. Upper parts slate-black; flanks dark slate color; wing and tail shorter, feet larger (wing averaging 85.6, tail 85.7, tarsus 27.3, middle toe 19.5). (Isth- mus of Panama to southern Costa Rica. ) Rhodinocichla rosea eximia, adult male (p. 770) cc. Upper parts slate color; flanks slate-gray; wing and tail longer, feet smaller (wing averaging 88.3, tail 89.3, tarsus 25.4, middle toe 18.1). (Western Mex CON). = sae ee oes Rhodinocichla schistacea, adult male (p. 772) aa. Superciliary stripe, throat, breast, etc., tawny. (Adult females. ) b. Smaller, with larger feet (wing 77-82.5, tail 78-84, tarsus 26-28). c. Bill more slender (depth at nostrils 5.8); upper parts slate color, flanks slate- OTAY Soa ch ewe sees Rhodinocichla rosea rosea, adult female (extralimital) cc. Bill stouter (depth at nostril 6-7, averaging 6.7); upper parts slate-black, flanks. slate‘colorsssss.. .* Rhodinocichla rosea eximia, adult female (p. 771) 6b. Larger, with smaller feet (wing 83-85, tail 83-86, tarsus 25).? Rhodinocichla schistacea, adult female (p. 772) RHODINOCICHLA ROSEA EXIMIA Ridgway. PANAMA THRUSH-WARBLER. Similar to 2. 7. rosea, but larger, with stouter bill and decidedly darker coloration. Adult male.—Upper parts uniform slate-black, the greater wing- coverts more or less distinctly edged with slate-gray; a superciliary 1 Coloration intermediate between that of R. r. eximia and R. schistacea. Rhodinocichla rosea rosea (Lesson). Furnarius roseus Lesson, Ilustr. Zool., 1832-34, pl. 5 (San Juan, Brazil); Lafres- naye, Rey. Zool., viii, 1845, 10 (Colombia; crit. ).—Rhodinocincla rosea Reich- enbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., no. x, Scansoriae (Sittinae), Aug. 1, 1853, 148; R{hodinocincla] rosea Reichenbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., no. x, 1853, 201.— Rhodinocichla rosea Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 141 (Bogota, Colombia).—Turdus vulpinus Hartlaub, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., i, 1849, 276 (Venezuela; coll. Bremen Mus.; = female).—Cichlalopia vulpina Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xxxvill, 1854, 6. 2 Coloration similar to that of R. rosea rosea, but flanks rather paler slate-gray. ae ii i i ie i i BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. ml stripe of clear rose red, broadest over lores, where encroaching on sides of forehead, becoming much narrower from above the eye back- ward, the supra-auricular ‘portion white or pale rose pink; lower half of lores, suborbital region, auricular region, and sides of neck uniform slate-black; malar region, chin, throat, chest, abdomen, under tail- coverts, anterior lesser wing-coverts, and marginal under wing-coverts clear rose red (the feathers grayish dusky basally); sides, flanks, and thighs dark slate color or nearly slate-black; under wing-coverts (except those along edge of wing) pale gray centrally, broadly mar- gined with white; maxilla dark horn color basally, pale brownish or whitish terminally (sometimes for more than terminal half) and along tomia; mandible pale yellowish brown or whitish; length (skins), 190-201 (194.7); wing, 83-88 (85.6); tail, 81-89 (85.7); exposed culmen, 19.5-21.8 (20.6); depth of bill at nostrils, 6.5-7 (6.8); tarsus, 26-28.5 (27.3); middle toe, 18.5—21 (19.5). ? Adult female.—Pattern of coloration exactly as in adult male, but the rose red replaced by clear, rich tawny, the lower abdomen more or less extensively white, and the slate-black of upper parts slightly more slaty, the flanks decidedly so; length (skins), 180-190 (185.5); wing, 77—-82.5 (80); tail, 77-84 (79.8); exposed culmen, 19-21.5 (19.8); depth of bill at nostrils, 6-7 (6.7); tarsus, 26-28 (26.8); middle toe, 18-19.5 (19).* Immature male.—Similar to the adult female, but superciliary stripe red, instead of tawny, anteriorly, chin, throat, and malar region strongly tinged with red (especially the latter), and tawny of under parts much more restricted, and darker, slightly tinged with red on breast. Immature female.—Similar to the adult female, but greater wing- coverts margined terminally with tawny and tawny supraloral space narrower and less sharply defined. Young in first plumage.—* All over blackish, with a few rufous edges to the wing-coverts; underneath mottled like a young blackbird,* the features sandy buff, with broad black edges; the center of the abdomen somewhat whiter; over the eye a broad streak of white.” ® Isthmus of Panama and north to southern Costa Rica. Rhodinocichla rosea (not of Sclater, 1855, ‘not Furnarius roseus Lesson) SCLATER, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 140 (David, Chiriqui).—LAwrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., .vii,- 1861, 292 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); ix, 1868, 92 (Costa Rica).—Sciater and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1864, 345 (Lion Hill).— Batrrp, Review Am. Birds, 1864, 91, footnote, part (Panama R. R.).—Satvrin, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 133 (Santa Fé, Veragua, and David, Chiriqui; crit.); 1870, 180 (Calovevora, Chitra, and Mina de Chorcha, Veragua).— Frantzivus, Journ. fur Orn., 1869, 291 (Costa Rica).—Satyin and GopMAN, 1Ten specimens. 2 Merula merula (Linneeus). ’ Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vi, 1881, 367. *Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 141 (Bogota, Colombia); = R. rosea rosea (Lesson). 772 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1879, 38, part (Costa Rica; David; Volean de Chiriqui; “Mina de Chorcha; Chitra; Calovevora; Santa Fé; Lion Hill).— Suarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vi, 1881, 366, part (Costa Rica; Veragua).— Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 609 (Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica; crit.).—CHeErrie, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 4 (Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; descr. male and female).—Banes, Auk, xviii, 1901, 368 (Divala, Chiriqui); Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 60 (Boquete, 3,000 to 3,500 ft., and Bogaba, Chiriqui). [Rhodinocichla] rosea ScuaTeR and Satvry, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 3, part. [Rhodinocichla rosea] a. rosea Rrpaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., i, Dec. 10, 1878, 247 (diagnosis). RHODINOCICHLA SCHISTACEA Ridgway. MEXICAN THRUSH-WARBLER, Similar to R. r. eximia, but with black of upper parts replaced by slate color, that of the flanks by slate-gray; wing and tail decidedly longer, feet smaller. Adult male.—Upper parts, including sides of neck, plain slate color, the feathers with slightly darker centers, especially the scapulars, interscapulars, and upper tail-coverts; wings and tail darker, the former with distinct edgings of paler slate color or slate-gray, these most conspicuous on middle and greater coverts; a superciliary stripe of pure rose red, becoming whitish or pale rose pink posteriorly (above auricular region); broadest anteriorly, where encroaching on _ sides of forehead; loral, suborbital, and auricular regions deep slate color; sides and flanks and thighs plain grayish slate or slate-gray, paler on flanks; malar region, chin, throat, breast, abdomen, and car- pal region, clear rose red, most intense anteriorly, the feathers dusky basally, except on chin, throat, and malar region, where bases of feathers are whitish; under wing-coverts pale gray broadly margined with white, those along edge of wing rose red; maxilla brownish black with paler tomia; mandible pale grayish horn color (in dried skins); iris brown;' legs and feet horn color (in dried skins); length (skins), 200-219 (207.5); wing, 86-90 (88.3); tail, 86.5-93 (89.3); exposed cul- men, 20-22 (20.5); depth of bill at nostrils, 6.5-7 (6.8); tarsus, 24-26 (25.4); middle toe, 17-19 (18.1).” Adult female.—Similar to the adult male, but slate color of upper parts slightly browner, rose red of superciliary stripe and under parts replaced by tawny, superciliary stripe white for posterior half or more, and lower abdomen partly white, or whitish; ‘length (skins), 197— 208 (203.3); wing, 83-85 (84); tail, 83-86 (84.6); exposed culmen, 18- 19 (18.5); depth of bill at nostrils, 6-6.2 (6.1); tarsus, 25; middle toe, 18-19 (18.3).° Western Mexico, in States of Sinaloa (Mazatlan), Jalisco (Ixtapa), and Colima (Colima; Sierra Madre), and Territory of Tepic (Santiago). 1 According to Grayson, manuscript. © ?Seven specimens. * Three specimens. i | BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Gs Rhodinocichla rosea (not Furnarius roseus Lesson) Frxscn, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., 1870, 329 (Mazatlan).—LAwreEncr, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, 1874, 267 (Mazatlan; Sierra Madre, Colima, habits; song).—Satvry and GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i, 1879, 38, part (Mazatlan; Sierra Madre de Colima).— | _ S#arpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vi, 1881, 366, part (in synonymy). | [ Rhodinocichla] rosea ScLaTER and Satvinx, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1873, 3, part. Rhodinocichla rosea, (3. schistacea, Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i, Dec. 10 1878, 247 (Sierra Madre, Colima, s. w. Mexico; coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.). Rhodinocichla schistacea SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vi, 1881, 367. ADDENDA. (Including corrections. ) Page 8: To citations of Chlorophonia callophrys add: Satvaporr and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1889, 3 (Chiri- qui).—Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Volean de Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). Page 27: To citations of Huphonia hirundinacea add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,800 to 4,000 {t.), and remove interrogation point after Chiriqui, in statement of geographic range. Page 29: To citations of Huphonia laniirostris add: Satvaporti and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 3 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus of Panama). Page 33: Add: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BUTHRAUPIS. a, Sides and flanks yellow, mottled or blotched with dusky. (Veragua. ) Buthraupis areei, adult male (p. 33) aa. Sides and flanks, very broadly, uniform dusky blue, like upper parts. (Costa ESCA) eye ste ns Sets ee Saisie Buthraupis ceruleigularis, adult male (p. 34) Page 40: To citations of Calospiza florida arcwi add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Caribbean slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, 2,000 ft.). Page 42: To citations of Calliste guttata add: Satvaporr and Frsra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 3 (Chiriqui). Page 42: For Calospiza cabanisi Sclater read: Calospiza cabanise (Selater). Page 46: CALOSPIZA LAVINIA (Cassin). Immature.—Plain glossy green, including head and neck, the under parts paler; abdomen light turquoise blue, or mixed with that color; primaries edged with green, this having a slight brownish tinge basally on the outermost quills. (Very similar to the corresponding plumage of C. gyroloides, but the coloration brighter, especially the green of the under parts.) Page 47: To citations of Calliste dow? add: Satvapborrand Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 3 (Chiriqui). mer i490 eg 6 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page 57: To citations of Zanagra cana add: Boucarp, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. Page 58: To citations of Zanagra cana diaconus add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 65 (Boquete, 3,000 to 4,000 ft., and Bogaba, Chiriqui). Page 62: To citations of Zanagra abbas add: oO : 30ucARD, Liste Ois. Guat., 1878, 33. Page 62: To synonymy of Spindalis add: Shizampelis (typographical error) Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1866 (pub. May, 1867), 92. _ e Page 77: The synonymy of /%ranga rubriceps, accidentally omitted, is as follows: Plyranga] rubriceps Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1844, 364, pl. .89, lower fig. (No description nor locality given.)—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 433.4 Pyranga rubriceps BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., iii, 1851, 178; Note sur les Tang., 1851, 29.—Scuarer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 156 (Bogota); 1856, 125 (monogr.); Synopsis Av. Tanagr., 1856, 49; Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 81 (Colombia); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xi, 1886, 192.—ScLarer and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1879, 502 (Antioquia, Colombia).—Taczanowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, 115 (n. Peru); Orn. du Pérou, ii, 1884, 496.— Taczanowskr and Brertepscnu, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, 81 (Bafios, e. Ecuador, 6,200 ft.).—Bryant (W. E.), Auk, iv, 1887, 78 (Dos Pueblos, Santa Barbara Co., California, 1 spec., ‘‘about 1871’’). [ Pyranga] rubriceps ScLaTER and Savin, Nom. Ay. Neotr., 1878, 22. Pliranga] rubriceps Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 589 (Dos Pueblos, Santa Barbara Co., California; description). Pyranga erythrocephala (not Spermagra erythrocephala Swainson) Gray, Gen. Birds, App., 1849, 16. [ Pyranga] erythrocephala Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 241. Pyranga pyrrhocephala ‘“ Massena, MS8.’”’ Sctater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 125 (in synonymy). 2 This exclusively South American species has been reported (as above cited) to have been once taken in California. The identification of the specimen on which the record is based is undoubtedly correct; but even granting no mistake has been made as to the specimen having actually been taken in California, the occurrence must have been purely fortuitous, most likely an escape from captivity, and the species has no claim to a place in the North American fauna. Page 81: To citations of Piranga rubra add: Bur.er, Bull. Brookville Soc. N. H., no. 2, 1886, 32 (Franklin Co., Indiana, com- mon summer resid.).—Ripaway, Orn. Illinois, i, 1889, 217.—Bryer, Proc. Louis. Soc. Nat. for 1897-99 (1900), 108 (Louisiana, breeding).—Torrey, Auk, xviii, 1901, 273 (Newton, Massachusetts, 1 spec., May 12, 1901). Page 84: To citations of Péranga rubra cooperi add: ALLEN, Buli. Am. Mus. N. H., v, 1893, 40 (Fronteras, n. e. Sonora, August; San Diego, n. w. Chihuahua, April, May). ~I ~I +] BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. Page 94: To citations of Piranga ludoviciana add: Bow es, Condor, iy, 1902, 16 (Washington and Oregon; habits; descr. nest and eggs). Page 96: To synonymy of P/ranga bidentata flammea add: Piranga bidentata flammea Nevson, North Am. Fauna, no. 14, 1899, 53 (Tres Marias; habits; song; crit. ). Page 98: To synonymy of P/ranga bidentata iene add: Piranga bidentata sanguinolenta Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 66 (Volcan de Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,000 ft., and Boquete, C ae Page 101: To citations of Péranga leucoptera latifasciata add: Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 66 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 5,000 ft. ). Page 106, fourth paragraph, in text: For //emispingus read [lem7- thraupis. Page 111: To citations of Rhamphocalus passcrinii add: Satvaporiand Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Chiriqui). Page 111: RAMPHOCELUS COSTARICENSIS Cherrie. Seven adult males, three immature males, and three adult females from Divala.and Bogaba, Chiriqui, just received from Mr. Outram Bangs—all of them beautifully prepared specimens—enable me _ to give a better diagnosis of this form: Similar to 2. p. passerini7, but slightly larger; adult female and immature male with a broad and conspicuous band of ochraceous- orange or dull reddish orange across the chest, and with the rump olivaceous-orange deepening into amore reddish or ochraceous-orange hue on upper tail-coverts. Adult male (seven specimens).—Length (skins), 159-165 (162.6);. wing, 76.5-81 (78.6); tail, 68-72 (70.1); exposed culmen, 14-15 (14.3): tarsus, 21—28 (22.1). Adult female (three specimens).—Length (skins), 160-167 (163); wing, 76-78 (77); tail, 70.5-72 (71.2); exposed culmen, 14-16 (15); tarsus, 22-23 (22.5). Southwestern Costa Rica (Pozo Azul; Boruca; Palmar; Buenos Aires; Navarro) and Chiriqui (Bogaba; Divala). The form is without doubt a subspecies of 72. passerini7, and should be called Ramphocelus passerinii costaricensis (Cherrie). Page 115: To synonymy of Ramphocelus festxe add: Rhamphocelus festae SALvaport and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Chiriqui}. Page 117: To citations of Lamphocelus dimidiatus add: e Banas, Auk., xviii, 1901, 369 (Divala and David, Chiriqui; crit.). 778 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page 118: To citations of Rhamphocelus dimidiatus, in synonymy of Ramphocelus dimidiatus isthmicus, add: (?) Satvaporr and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Punta de Sabana, Isthmus of Panama). Page 119: For Pamphocelus dimidiatus limatus Bangs read Ram- phocelus dimidiatus limatus (Bangs). | Page 120: For Phlogothraupi’s san Teh read Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta. Page 123: In statement of range of Lanio aurantius for Oaxaca read Chiapas. Page 132: To citations of Zachyphonus melaleucus add: Satvaporr and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool., etc., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Colon, Isthmus of Panama). Page 141: For Hucometis spodocephala stictothorax (Berlepsch) read Eucometis spodocephala stictothorax Berlepsch, and add to the synon- ymy: Eucometes [sic] spodocephala stictothorax Baxes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii 1902, 66 (Boquete, 4,000 to 4,800 ft., and Bogaba, Chiriqui). Page 146: For Pheenicothraupus vinacea read Phanicothraupis vinacea, tor Phoenrcothraupus vinacea read Phenicothraupis vinacea, and add: Banas, Proce. New Eng]. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 66 (Volean de Chiriqui, 4,000 to 7,500 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). Page 148: In statement of range of Phanicothraupis salvini salvini transfer locality Guichicovi from Oaxaca to Chiapas. Page 153: To citations of Phoenicothraupis fuscicauda add: Satvaporr and Fersra, Boll. Mus. Zool., ete., Torino, xiv, no. 399, 1899, 4 (Rio Lara, Isthmus of Panama). Page 154: For Chlorothraupis olivaceus read Chlorothraupis oli- vaced. Page 155: In references after Phoenicothraupis carmioli amend cita- tion of ScLATER and Satvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, etc., to read: SCLATER and SALvIN, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, 185, 186 (Valley of Cosnipata, s. e. Peru; crit.). Page 158: For Chlorospingus albitempora read Chlorospingus NOVICLUS. Page 162: For C. albitemporalis (in text, second line) read C. NOVICLUS. Page 163: For Chlorospingus albitempora (Lafresnaye) read Chloro- spingus novicius Bangs. Page 164: Citations of Zuchyphonus albitempora and Chlorospingus albitempora to be canceled; also, citations of Chlorospingus albitempo- Sa ma et ee 7 BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 779 ralis pertaining to South American localities (excepting Colombia‘), and add to synonymy: Chlorospingus novicius BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 67 (Volean de Chiriqui, 7,500 ft.; coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). Page 166: To citations of Chlorospingus pileatus add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club., iii, 1902, 67 (Volcan de Chiriqui and Boquete, Chiriqui, 5,000 to 11,000 ft. ). Page 167: To citations of Chlorospingus hypopheus add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 67 (Caribbean slope of Volean de Chiriqui). Page 189: Tosynonymy of Cactcus vitellinus add: Cacius vitellinus Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, Jan. 30, 1902, 64 (Sona, Chiriqui). Page 207: In first paragraph, in text, for Aglazordes read Agelacoides. Page 209: After Molobrus pecoris, in synonymy, add: gs L ) 4 yey Cassicus pecoris GistTEL, Handb. Naturg., 1850, 288, in text. Page 211: For Molothrus atronitens (Cabanis) read Molothrus atro- nitens Cabanis. Page 219: For Quiscalus quiscula wneus Ridgway read @uiscalus quiscula xeneus (Ridgway). Page 222: To citations of Quzscalus quiscula eneus add: Morrett, Auk, xvi, 1899, 252 (Cumberland Co., Nova Scotia).—Carroii, Auk, xvil, 1900, 346 (Refugio Co., s. Texas, breeding). Page 227: Tosynonymy of //ologuiscalus jamaicensis add: S d Sete Y | J [Oriolus] niger (not of Boddaert, 1783) GmeELry, Syst. Nat.,i, pt. 1., 1788, 393, part (based on Icterus niger Brisson, Orn., 1i, 103, etc.; Jamaica). Page 228: To synonomy of //oloquiscalus niger add: [ Oriolus] niger GMELIN, Syst. Nat. i, pt. i, 1788, 393 (based on Icterus niger Brisson, Orne, 115 103; ete.) Page 253: In synonymy of genus ives Cassin, for Lampropsar dives Bonaparte read /cterus dives Lichtenstein. Page 277: To citations of Jeterus spurius add: TrIPPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 239 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, s. Towa, breeding).—ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus., N. H., i, 1886, 249 (Massachusetts, chiefly in Connecticut Valley). Page 291: To citations of Jcterus cucullatus nelsoni add: Betpinc, Land Birds Pacifie Distr., 1890, 125 (San Diego, San Bernardino, and Ventura counties, California, breeding). Page 295: In citation of Xanthornus chrysater BONAPARTE, Consp- Av., etc., the generic name (except initial letter) should be bracketed. 7380 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page 297: ICTERUS SCLATERI Cassin. Immature.—W ings dusky grayish, with white markings less sharply defined than in adults, the lesser coverts dusky margined with yellow- ish; tail yellowish olive, the lateral rectrices more yellowish; otherwise similar to adults, but the yellow duller, that of the upper parts more or less obscured by a wash of olive, especially on back and upper rump. Page 298: ICTERUS GRAYSONII Cassin. Immature male. Page 299: Similar to the adult female, but slightly larger. ICTERUS AURATUS Bonaparte. Immature.—W ings grayish dusky, with white markings as in adults, but lesser coverts dusky instead of yellow or orange; tail yellowish olive, more yellowish on lateral rectrices, more grayish on terminal portion of middle rectrices; otherwise like adults, but hindneck, back, scapulars, and upper rump yellowish olive instead of orange or orange- yellow. Page 305: For St. Andrew’s Oriole read St. Andrews Oriole. Page 310: To citations of Jeterus parisorum add: Betprna, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 125 (Campo, ete.,* Lower California). Page 313: To citation of Jcterus baltimore ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. = ’ Zool., iii, 1872, add p. 136 (Fort Hays, w. Kansas; crit.). Page 326: To citations of Agelaius tricolor add: = © Betpina, Land Birds Pacifie Distr., 1890, 122 (breeding at San Diego, San Bernar- dino, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara Valley, and Stockton, California; Tehachapi, April; Oakland, winter). Page 328: To citations of Agelaius gubernator add: Betpina, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 121, part. Page 329: To citations of Agelaius gubernator californicus add: Fisner (W. K.), Condor, iv, 1902, 11 (Mono Lake, California, Sept. ). Page 340: In synonymy of Agelavus pheniceus neutralis add to citations of Agelaius pheniceus: Betprne, Land Birds Pacific Distr., 1890, 120, part (Carson and Truckee Valley, Nevada; Camp Harney, e. Oregon). To citations of Agedeus pheniceus add: ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 168 (Ogden, Utah). Page 341: To synonymy of Ageaius phaniceus neutralis add: Agelaius gubernator Betpinc, Land Birds Pacifie Distr., 1890, 121, part (San Diego and San Bernardino, California, resident; Fort Klamath and Camp Harney, e. Ore- gan; Carson, Nevada). BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 7381 Page 342: To citations of Agelaius pheniceus, in synonymy of Age- laius pheniceus caurinus, add: Betpine, Land Birds Pacifie Distr., 1890, 120, part (British Columbia; Seattle, Washington). Page 349: To citations of Xanthocephalus wanthocephalus add: ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., i, 1886, 249 (Watertown, Massachusetts, 1 spec., Oct. 19, 1869.; Eastham, Massachusetts, 1 spec., Sept. 10, 1877). Page 353: To citations of Ledstes guianensis add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1902, 64 (David, Chiriqui). Page 359: For Triprr, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xi, 1872, 289 (Lowa) read Trrppr, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., xv, 1872, 2389 (Decatur and Mahaska counties, Iowa, breeding; migrant.) Page 365: To citation of Sturnella magna inexpectata add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 64 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 6,000 ft. ). Page 368: In synonymy of Sturnella neglecta, for Sturnella hippocre- pus read Sturnella hippocrepis. Page 373: To citations of Dolichonyx oryzivorus add: FisHer (W. K.), Condor, iv, 1902, 11 (Mono Lake, California, Sept. ). Page 382: To citations of Diglossa plumbea add: Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,500 to 7,000 ft. ). Page 385: For Clereba| cerulea read Cawreha cerulea. 2 Page 389: To citation of Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes add: Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,000 to 5,000 ft. ). Page 397: To citations of Dacnis venusta add: Banes, Proce. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 4,000 to 5,000 ft. ). Pages 403-422: Sundevall’s review of the genus Certhiola | Carcha} has been wrongly cited, the correct citations being as follows: Page 403: Clerthiola| bairdii SunpEvauy, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monoer.). Clerthiola| bahamensis SUNDE- VALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 624 (monogr.). Page 407: C[erthiola| luteola Sunprevauy, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monoer.). Page 408: Clerthiola| major Sunprvauy, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). Clerthiola| minor SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). Page 410. C[erthiola] mexicana SunpEvatt, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622, 623 (monoger.). (82 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page 411: Clerthiola\ columbiana SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). Page 413: C[erthiola] portoricensis Sunpevaut, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 598, 622 (monogr.). Page 414: Cferthiola] sti. thome Sunpevati, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621 (monogr.; St. Thomas). Page 415: Clerthiola] flaveola SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 621, part (monogr.). (The same in synonymy of Cevreba newtoni, on p. 417.) Page 418: Clerthiola| dominicana SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 623 (monogr.). Page’419: Certhiola bartholemica SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Férh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 584 (St. Bartholomew). — Clerthiola| bartholemica Sunpevat, Ofy. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 622 (monogr.). Page 422: Cancel citation of SuNpEVALL, CH fy., ete., under Certhi- ola martinicana, and change citation after Certhiola albigula to . Oflerthiola| albiqula SunpEvaut, Ofv. k. Vet.-Ak. Forh. Stockh., xxvi, 1870, 624 (monoer.). Page 407: To citations of Cwreba luteola add: Roprxson and Ricumonp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1901, 176 (La Guaira, Venezuela). Page 410: To synonymy of Careba mexicana add: Coerebra mexicana CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Costa Rica, i, Aves, 1893, 18 (Boruca, Tér- raba, and Buenos Aires, s. w. Costa Rica). Page 413: To citations of Carcba portoricensis add: Pratr, Auk., xvi, 1899, 361 (nesting, ete. ). Page 414: C@:REBA FLAVEOLA (Linnzus). Young.—Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, tertials, and upper tail-coverts plain dark olive; lower rump olive-yellow or yellowish olive; a superciliary stripe, ending a short distance behind eye, median line of throat, posterior portion of malar region, chest, and breast dull light wax yellow, slightly tinged with olive, the deeper color of chest, etc., fading gradually into pale buffy yellow or straw yellow on more posterior underparts, the under tail-coverts pale cream-yellow or cream color; lores, auricular region, chin, sides of throat, and anterior portion of malar region dusky olive; remiges and rectrices essentially as in adults. Page 414: To synonymy of Cwreba flaveola add: Nectarinia flaveola Swartnson, Birds w. Africa, ii, 1838, 145. Page 421: To citation of Coereba uropygialis BreRLepscH, Journ. fir Orn., etc., add: , 85 (in text). Page 423: To synonymy of Genus Glossiptila Sclater add Glossop- tila (emendation?) Newron (A. and E.) Handb. Jamaica, 1881, 104. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 182 Page 425: For G{lossiptila| ruficollis Newton, etc., read G[lossop- tila] rujficollis Newton, ete. Page 435: To citations of Mniotilta varia add: Bianp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermudas).—MclI1- wrairH, Birds Ontario, 1894, 353 (s. Ontario, breeding).—Danrei, Auk, xix, 1902, 17 (Dismal Swamp, Virginia, breeding). Page 487: To winter range of //elinaia swainsoni add, after Jamaica: eastern Mexico (near city of Vera Cruz). Page 488: To citations of /Zelinaia swainsoni add: SALVIN and Goopman, Ibis, 1889, 236 (Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz). Page 444: To citations of Protonotaria citrea add: Buriter, Proc. Ind. Ae. Sci., 1891, 165 (breeding in Elkhart, Lagrange, Steuben, and Dekalb counties, n. Indiana, and St. Joseph Co., s. Michigan). Page 462: For Sylvia tenensseet read S[ylvia] tenenssx7. Page 465: To citations of Helminthophila celata add: Dury and Ketioae, Journ. Cine. Soc. N. H., xiv, 1891, 48 (near Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 20). Page 468: In statement of geographic range of //elminthophila celata sordida, after last word, within parentheses, add: and San ‘Gabriel, Los Angeles County, October 5. Page 477: To citations of Oreothlypis gutturalis add: Banes, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902, 63 (Volean de Chiriqui, 7,000 to 10,300 ft., and Boquete, Chiriqui). Page 483: To doubtful citations of Sy/vicola americana add: Buanp, Ann. Rep. Smithson. Inst. for 1859 (1860), 287 (Bermuda). Page 484: From doubtful citations of Compsothlypis americana remove last two reférences and transfer to page 483, after BrewsTER, Auk, xili, etc. These were accidentally put in wrong place. Page 486: The range of Compsothlypis americana ramaline was accidentally omitted. It is as follows: Mississippi Valley and district of the upper Great Lakes; breeding from Louisiana and Texas to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; occasional west to eastern Colo- rado (EI Paso County); in winter southward through eastern Mexico and Central America to Nicaragua (Rio Escondido). Page 488: To citation of Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa add: Banos, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, iii, 1902,-63 (Boquete, Chiriqui, 3,000 to 4,500 ft. ). Page 522: To citation after Dendroica aureola of Ripaway, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., etc., add: xix, 1897, 493 (monogr.). Page 530: After Dendrwca bryanti SHARPE, etc., add: SALVIN and GopMAN, Ibis, 1889, 237 (Tampico, Tamaulipas). 784 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Page 539: To citations of Dendroica tigr sa add: Howe, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 19 (Mount Killington, Vermont, breeding). Page 548: Cancel the following citations under Dendraca canadensis and transfer them to W7/son/a canadensis (p. T18): TaczaAnowsk1, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 508 (centr. Peru); 1879, 223 (Tambillo, n. Peru). Page 549: For Mniotilta varia REINHARDT, ete., read Mniotilta cor- onata REINHARDT, ete. Page 550: To citations of Dendroica coronata add: Howe, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Mount Mansfield, Vermont, breeding). Page 550: For Dendroica coronatus GUNDLACH, ete., read [(22/7- mamphus) Dendroica\ coronatus, etc. (The same form to be substituted wherever ‘‘Gundlach, Journ. fiir Orn., 1861, 326” is cited for any species of this genus. ) Page 561: For Dendrioca townsend read Dendroica townsend. Page 562: For | Dendrwca| townsendi Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., ete., read Di endrwca], ete. Page 562: To synonymy of Dendroica townsend: add: (2?) Sylvia montana (not of Wilson) AupuBon, Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 294, part, pl. 434, fig. 3 (California). (2) Sylvicola montana AvpuBON, Synopsis, 1839, 62, part (California); Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 69, part, pl. 98 (California). (2) [Sylvicola] montana Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 308, part. (2) M[niotilta] montana Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1848, 169, part. (2) [Mniotilta] montana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3490, part. (2?) Dendroica montana Barro, Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190, part.—Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 271, part, pl. 14, fig. 3.4 (?) Dendreca montana Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 237, footnote, part. SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 265, footnote, excl. synonymy, part. Page 565: To synonymy of Dendroica virens add: (?) Sylvia montana Witson, Am. Orn., v, 1812,.113, pl. 44, fig. 2 (Blue Moun- tains of Pennsylvania).—SrerHens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., x, 1817, 736.— VigILLot, Enc. Méth., ii, 1823, 451.—Bonaparte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, 1823, 451.—Aupvuson, Orn.’Biog., v, 1839, 294, part (not pl. 434, fig. 3). (?) S[ylvia] montana Bonaparrs, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 82 (crit. ). (2) Sylvicola montana JARDINE, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., ti, 1832, 202.—AuDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 62, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, 69 (not pl: 98).— Nurrauty, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 2d ed., i, 1840, 442, part. (?) [Sylvicola] montana Bonaparte, Consp. Ay., 1, 1850, 308, part. (2) M[niotilta] montana Gray, Gen. Birds, 1, 1848, 169, part. (?) [Mniotilta] montana Gray, Hand-list, i, 1869, 241, no. 3490, part. (?) Dendroica montana Bair, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 278; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 199; Review Am. Birds, 1865, 190, part.—Barrp, BREWER, and Ripeway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, i, 1874, 271, part (not pl. 14, fig. 3?).— AMERICAN ORNiTHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, 356 (‘‘ Hypothetical List,’’ no. 24). 1Copied from Audubon. ? From Audubon, Birds Am., oct. ed., ii, 1841, pl. 98 = D. townsendi ?. BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 785 (?) Dendroeca_montana SUNDEVALL, Ofv. k. Vet.-Akad. Forh., Stockholm, xxvi., 1870, 613. (2?) Dendreca montana Cours, Birds Col. Val., 1878, 237, footnote, part.—May- NARD, Birds E. U. S., 1882, 521.—Ripaway, Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 112.—SuHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., x, 1885, 265, footnote. (?) Sylvia tigrina (not Motacilla tigrina Gmelin) Nurrauty, Man. Orn. U.S. and Can.,i, 1832, 393. (2?) Sylvicola tigrina BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 23. Page 571: For Sylvia cerlea read Sylvia cerulea. Page 594: In citations of Dendrwca castanea cancel LAWRENCE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec city, Oct.), and transfer to synonymy DP). striata on p. 598. Page 598: To synonymy of Dendroica striata add: Dendraca castanea (not Sylvia castanea Wilson) Lawrence, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., no. 4, 1876, 15 (Tehuantepec City, Oct. ). Page 602: To synonymy of Dendroica vigorsii vigorsii add: Dendreca vigorsii Hower, Contr. N. Am. Orn., ii, 1902, 20 (Townshend, ete., Ver- mont, breeding). Pages 642, 643: To breeding range of Securus noveboracensis nove- boracensis add: Warren, Crawford, Clinton, and Erie counties, Penn- sylvania, and Garrett County, Maryland. Page 703: To the synonymy of W/sonza add: Myjiidioctes (emendation) ScLtaTEeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 299, 358. Page 710: Description of the immature plumage of W7lsonza pusilla pusilla was accidentally omitted. This plumage differs from the adult as follows: Immature: Similar to adults, but no black on crown; pileum plain olive-green, concolor with back, ete., becoming more yellowish (some- times decidedly, but never purely, yellow) on forehead, the lores and superciliary region yellow. The corresponding plumage of the other subspecies of course differs from that of the adults in the same manner. Page 733: In last citation in synonymy of Mydoborus miniatus mini- atus, for Muscicapa derhamii read Muscicapa de-rhami. NOTE. Throughout Part I of the present work and the greater part of Part IL an error has been made in the spelling of the locality ‘* Lometa” in citations of ‘‘SENNETT, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., v, 1879.” The name should be spelled Lomzta, the locality being Lomita Ranch, ** situated on the Rio Grande, 7 miles above Hidalgo and 65 miles from Brownsville.” Lometa is a post-oftice town in Lampasas County, in the central portion of the State. 3654—voL 2—01——50 ; ' Vera ‘Qe PD ee ee ae INDEX. [The black-faced letters indicate generic or specific headings. | A. Page. AbacojPine Warbler s:.cs. ce scee cee cescccee 6038 Spin dalisester. aoe cae soelecenncs 72 abacoensis, Dendroica vigorsii ... 498,506, 601, 60% ADDIS MAN ALTA sos cim'e cia) sere seein 55, 60, 62, 776 PAS DOL DANS PCL reece a te clserice cis eecsio. seeders 60 amelie lCtenus! = -4-25- 22> ses ema 319 epelllerubyphantes: << 2 ecc5 cc sence nsces> << 319 Teterusizeeoos ans sen eece 261, 262, 818,319 XaMeMOMNUSE eet erm. socieet soccer 319 ACU OMOlG: @ 254. sche -ciocewmtiee cee osmncee 318 MOC CCETISMases Se As. Saccnecinccace snes. 319 Pengulimuspeeesececce eee eens ee ae 319 ADTOLnIS Boricapilla: =< 2626-25. --<2cnesie0-< 711 AvcanthorhynmChusyaa- 5a vance oe esc 376 Accentorauricapillus: (25-5. 1-- sas. o20 sence 638 achrustera, Dendroica vigorsii.............- 498, 506, 507, 601, 602, 603 PRETO COM DSA tn emia aie ese Serie iciaise certs Sele She 4 callophrySrcacseccseee eee ee 8 CV ANOGOTSBISMee cs ectemcises stele 7 OCCIPICAIS Haase e nee ss cece 6 PNCTOLCDUCS ere sisteeal on fe Dolcistaescae osce ome ee ce 8 ELMS se psotseisainicac cio ae aie memecen 23 TU ChISSUS eee semen eee er ice 19 SUACUIS S52. ae shissieciehe se eiceeenss 20 Inumiligiws ates sceien esienecice 24 duteicapillust asco cse eee aoc 21 adelasidse Wendrecass-.ce-neosccinceencsece 588 Dendroica......... 497, 498, 505, 687, 588 Dendroica gracie, var ..........- 588 Sylvicolastoneacesmasseccuec aceon. 588 AGEIAIGE SIWATDICN 2 22a. Soca aching ci aeo teas 587 eenea, Quiscalus versicolor, subspecies. ...- - 222 PoNeCUSVAPeIAUS\s.<4- c= ese eee eee 186, 187 pheeniceus)-2.-- 2. =-= 322, Tanadera).s/ ese.) Ss a= eee aero eee 181 324, 330, 331,334 | albispecularis, Tachyphonus..........--.-- 134 richmondi.. 323,324,335,337 | albitempora, Chlorospingus-.... 158, 1638, 164, 778 sonoriensis . 322,324,337, 342 | Tachyphonust=-seeo-2 = 161, 164, 778 Var. @SSiMILIS eee see 348 | albitemporalis, Chlorospingus.... 161, 164, 165,778 var. gubernator. 328, 330, 341 Pipilopsisias22-+-seese-s see 161 var. phoeniceus ..-.--.. 832'>|| Alta, Mira’ Orioles=2252.5--2 260s 2 ee eee 286 PHENICIUS eS eee: See eee 330 | Wellow-throat s2ssss2saesseeeeees 680 pYTTROpterus*=esa-2c-eseeee see 255 | alticola, Sturnellamaen aie sscc. ase = eee 363 agelaius, Quiscalus purpureus, var .....---- 218) ambiciua, Brine alae cea eee elem ee eee 210 ruficapillusss-ces-s seen cece ees 207 Amb lyCercusies cases ee eee eee 170, 172, 178, 192 thilivs= <0 ocesee coe seca 321 | holosericeus .....------ 193, 194, 195 PIICOLOL- se eases sore 322, 323, 324, 326, 780 MIS CLTIMUS sees ee eee 195 ace se ssee cscs -.. 478 | assimilis, Seaphidurus major -............--- 237 aMMctasCungdellinaiceesesceeeemeee eee LOMA 21a ALC LEO ACIISaacece sae eeee ae 375, 376, 377, 391, 426 Setophararan ma aaa ee sees 2M PA TCLCOD SAT oc craic le wale eines marc clectasiasiccten ree 255 ANIA DE ]ISul UTCUS ee apices Sakae cre clan cine eas 695? aber CASSICUS Lee. ce saecasisae eee ces ae sees 199 Ana batesitermandinee so ..scce soso ces = 648, 649 | Cassidixce... .s sees e ee 403, 781 BUTICUISLIST=-25454-22 ooe eect 740 Geothly pis. cscac csc ceeseeeeee sence 683 gurocapillusys: -22--ceenaeee eee 740 semiflava......... 660, 661, 662 bellix. .ssscewaceee soe 740, 741, 744, 745 RCtELUS=4q5eqe cee caeine eee eee 260, 805 belli:s >. cease 741,743 Baresi Oni Ole se sasson2 eee Sac ee rameters 305 Clarus so) ssa seeee nee 741, 745 Yellow=throat/o. see. seecese eee 682 scitulus..+----2=—=s 741, 744, 745 baltimore; Hyphantes ... Jo. 2 osescecc oe esse 314 belli) 52.25. ach ace seee oseeeeeae 744 Teterug esc ee eee 313, 314, 780 bivittatusseesssss. eee aoe 753 Oniolus sc scek an esse eee 255, 313 melanouis)se. see ser 753 Psarocolitshes& saeseec eee ees 314 Ibolivianus) pecs. es sseeee eee 740 WGterUus). seo saeeose eee Sees 314 Dresher P2539. sas Blackburnian’Warblero-.caseesescese eeseee 574 MrOpYLiVliss eee easels 740; 787, 758: || Black-cheeked Warbler’ :-:.-2<--5-<2..--2ee gol VeCTASUCNSIS ee ceseacee sacs 740, 757 eared Warbler jecnecscas a ceeenese sae a2 Bay-breasted Warbler)..22-2 32.2522. .2 sa2ee- >= 36, 40 TY LOLOIGES war sass -ciesese cee ee se 36, 43, 45 ieterocephalacssa-sccee tesa eee 36,37 INOTMMAtA es ssocceaenee tema tect 30, 37, 51, 52 lanvataecsececeesicce Yrs arate Syston 37 fANNY Sooke sees eescecen 37, 49, 50 lanvatancscceseesecicee oe tee 37,47 DAVIN Aas ac oioneieis sins Sec eee 36, 46, 775 schramkiltaae atest taceice eee 36 WErSICOlLOD Sass steeciee ces cee 37,53 Calyptophilus!jsereseceieweceecerriens taser 1 campestris; Glossoptilajss-cs-cee esses eee 425 Motacilla ots. 2cceccesecocwscis 425 CEM pPVlODS wats esaoacOsice cio oeeeeeec cece 378 hamuUluse= so 28st cee ceases 368 Cana Tanaerae cooece seen aeace sees 55, 56, 57, 776 ThraUpiSh jz saccmsecie nace ee ete eeeaes 57 canadensis, Dendroeca ..............- 543, 718, 784 Dendroicarcess.. chee csoasneees 543 Huthilypiscsscccseaceceeoeeeee ae 718 Motacillaytsssceroeneeeee 510, 551, 638 MUSCICAP Aa cce soreness 717 Miyiodioctest sassssere meaeoer= 717, 718 Setophaga. sac -.4-ccesce meee 717 Sylvania. sca. eee ees 718 Walsomiais ves scnneee 705, 716, 718, 784 Cangdianiwarblereesasacsece sesee ese ereee 716 canicapilla anaderasse.as-sece ace essere 681 canigularis, Chlorospingus................- 166 MachyphOnuUs mercenaries ase 166 caninucha, Chamethlypis..............- 687, 689 Geothly piss jcsmen see ocet eee 690 poliocephalasvarzecs-cecea cee 690 Cape May. Warbler 225257 ocje-2--- 480, intermediai.---2<.-- << 408 487, 488, 783 le Oa ass wenetee ee ce 408 pulehrajapacesese cs eee 491 MIaeniITOStriS)=.ac-ce 8 see AOS le Comirostrumeseassne cet ease 375, 376, 377, 425, 426 MA OW nee seeceeoae eas 408 superciliosumirsesee ate ee sece 478 MEXICANAeces: esc ee ce 4085) Connecticuty Warplerscess ce ecece oe ceeeeee 625 GhING Nese oc eecochescesS sa aaeooares 388) |MCOOperis, Piran gan so.cns sees ec sees eee eee 84 Var Carel pes... --.-2=--= 389 TUDTA pects eae 76, 77, 83, 84, 776 GoOmINICANa -2. ces 4-etceas oe 400, 417, 415 Pyran gal me ocnes sensor eee ee 84 flaveola ....-. 400, 401, 407, 413, 414, 419, 782 eShIVEl ec oe ee eee 84 longinostris pes. eee eee seea et Soccer OOO) VATA. cecleisee cistens 84 INICIdae eee a see see cee mace aie 3900h | Coraciasisalbulla) peemsececeecesecee ease see 255, 312 te olavesss=seni sees 399, 406, 407, 416, 782 XAUIEHOLMUS aactieeeeeee sesso aeee 264, 302 MALUINICAN Gases ee cesses 400, 421,422 | coronata, Dendrceca.................. 550, 553, 55 MEXICANA Sessa 399, 401, 407, 409, 410, 782 Dendroica. ...- 497, 503, 646, 549, 550, 784 columbianansz2-2..cs. 409, 411 Coronata, Vanes. sec ce 550 TMEWWiLOMI ee oe yok ees ncke Sree 400, 416, 417 Mniotilitaecceeecesccere cen oases 549, 784 ADL Byes ere ye Ss oets Soom neeticcmaccoes 386 Motacillasnacesaccescee: --- 4196, 497, 548 portoricensis ......-.- 400, 401, 412, 413, 782 Rhimanphussscece-sseseseceeeee 549 SACCHALIN A s= <2 --<'2 400, 407, 415, 416 Svilwideecmscccicicccocceeeccee see Stee a48 ShHarpelies se sseasssccmecneeees 399, 404, 405 Sylvicolass.-cs4o-secc cette eee 548 tmiecolonseeeas costes ete 39954012400. 4064|) CoronatusAnmthuss-sass-nic ecl-ee eee we oes 638 WIOD VE aS Seen eam siccterci 400, 420, 421 Cassiculuss.aste. sec cncmisceeee 192 WiellSiza: sins cchsscnteones cee 401, 407, 42% Dendrovcatseccs eee e voeee eee ee 784 CELE DICOIOL DACHISS 2 aes seccc ese eeeecec sce 395 Rhimamphus\es. eee eesceeece ss 549 Goerebidze:....252.. 2,374, 375, 376, 377, 425, 426, 427 (Rhimamphus) Dendroica ...--. 784 (WOLTEDrA MEXICAN aldose. ae. «Sonia siatelassiaeis 782 Turdusis: osceinc'es os ae aoe aCe 638 eoeruleas Arbelorhina 26.2225 222s cans ten 385 Manthornusi-ceeseree see eee cere 192 Copnuled DEN GTOECAs- eee aac bells eecine SYS a COLVINUS, QUISCAIUS a. css cee neceies ace eee 238 DWenNGrOlCay sence oan Secon ee 573 | Corvus (Cassidix) mexicanus............- 196, 200 IMO tiltayaen ses mae Meee ees 573 MEXiICHMUS se sccas eros neece ee eee 200 Sill atest cess econ ee nee aes 571 | coryi, Geothlypis -....... 656, 657, 659, 661, 677, 678 OLMIS A SLUT Ellas cose eee cence ne senate 360 COLVlieies onsets eater 657 WolimanBoat-tailects = ses seis sevoclenniee wiele < Dae COLYZS ello w-throOwtier scec enc cis teiseieciee eee 677 Wiki Dletin stereo ene Meee 47° Costa Rican Buff-rumped Warbler ........- Gaz Collared wRedstantieycsosn mene tec ce oniocsea si 730 Chlorophomiaeee.--22s= 225. see 7 ecollanissstunnelllaeesss.cecenace ects oreciee 359 Dip lOsSan ses se ee ee eee 381 SCURDIIS peice een reek tiecas ee 359 White-shouldered Tanager.... 134 ColombianvRice;Grackies:fa-see- 2 sae sce 289, 319 MEXICANA Baee see ee 411 ORIOMUS eee eceaee re Scaee see see enics 319 Coereba mexicana .........- AQOCA TIE i COMPING sem see seem eeiae .2>-c-22==J--e-sre ee 388 PanaPerisccseccee sete sees =e eo ae 99 Certhia' coven aan: ae eee 384, 388 Yellow Warblers -sco--os2-sese ese 524 Coerebar o-oo t.cesecr encom eee 388 cozumele, Icterus cucullatus..........-- 259, 292 Nectarinias 2.2. nese pacers 388 Piranga roseo-gularis.....-..--- 78,99 | cyaneidorsalis, Euphonia .................. GLASSITOStNIS, C ASSIGUR ee lenete ellie rete are 200 | Cyamerpes.--.-.-=--- 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 384, 498 Huphonia.s-e2-2--e-ee=- 10, 11, 28, 29 Creruleus 2 oAes ses soe eee 385, 386 Quisealus’ -s-=ic-h = see ae 227, 228, 229 CAIMEIPES, 2h. 2a- 6 aeeicainie 781 Scaphid ural eee ss- a =e 200 Jongirostrist aaeeeeee st 386 SGA PHIGUnUS see se eee ears 228 cyaneaeximed epee ses se noe 389 Creeper, Black and Yellow..-......----..-.- 414 Cyaveusoss So eece sees 385, 386, 389 Blwue=throrted ec sessaes caesar ro 389 brevipes: = ssess552-553 387, 389 Pine ra: tess ee ke Soe oo eee 456 Carneipes: Soe -eneeces 389 Yellow-cheeked ......----------.-- 385 lucidus!2-5s sees 385, 386, 359, 390 Yellow-throated 5-5... 4--—sse nee O81 NitiduscH-2e-selcee cee aes 386 Crested) Oropendola... 22-25 4-—-- eel ae P84 || Cyaneus'Cyanerpas: 7-22 sce sees ee 385, 386, 389 Crimson-backed Tanager ......------------ 106 |\eyanocephala, Aglaiawe. sc sse sa cee cse 55 Panameayeece sees: 118 Daen ise Mae as eee se 394 -collared Tanager....-.-.---------- 120 Motacilla tice ee eee eee 394 crissalis, Helminthophila......--.....-.-- 448,478 | eyanocephalus, Daenis....-.-....---------- 394 Gristata mMUCOMeETIS=.4- one ce tee easier 138, 139 Pssrocolius@es-2-sse- see 244, 250 PiplWOpSiS7: peer se cee eee 139 Scolecophagus .. 245, 248, 250, 251 enistatus. CassiCus =p ese semen see cc oeeae eee 185) | Cranodawenisy. see ae sa ee eee see eee 390 NeterUS ee eee sec se eerie 185) ||| *@yanodislossain---.-4e-- soe eee eee 378 Oniglusie.2 epee cee sees eee 183,185 | cyanodorsalis, Acrocompsa -........-.---.. oa OStINODS esses ne ores eee ee 186 Chiorophonial 3322222 a PSarOCOllUSpen- eee -mae see se 186 ‘Buphonias ss sce-osace ee eee 7 croconots. /Psarocolius)=--2.02c2- seen -—— 255 cyanopastra, Certhiai-e-ss-- 22s aeeee seer 389 cruciana, Dendroeca petechia, b....-..-.--- 520) |) cyanomelas, Daemisie---el--2 se eee 394 CubaniGracklese. csckcccces see eyes eeceece 226 Bringillsy =o. cc .cce cee oeeenes 394 Mead owilanksseeeeee eae eee eee 30S || \OVaMOp RON ae sep esee sees ee ee eee eee eee 8 OriOlee cs ase een- sae eee eee ere 271 MUSICA Soe oe Societe eeemen ee 15 RCO Will 2am nee eae as aee eee 342.) Gyanoptera, LANG 0 eee eer 57 SpindaiSs sec. aaseeeeeeeeeecsac 68 | cyanopterus, Saltator-.....-.............--. o7 Wialt letter scecc me anaeae yee erect 605) |¢yaniopus; Agelaius) 222-22 -- 2p. 2 seen 320, 321 Yellow Warblers2-22--ceoseeeec sce 020) |e Gyanothtusee. see. - oes eee see eee 205 cubana, Dendroeca petechia, d -......-..--- 521\ |Sevyanoventris, Callistess 25. --.---nce sees 44 cncullata, Aelaia-W..- <2. sce enseese ect one se 53, 54 GyTolae ss sate esos asec cess 45 Buthraupise. ico: --see-- 2-5 33 TaANAgras {52655 neces eres 44 Calliste eer eeesee- ee eeeesene ee 53554 lle GymlOtes ssaee = eee aera eee eee eee 205 Calospiza) == 3-: sscesems een 37, 52 MPSCICapa-s...2:- ce nee eee ee ee 708 D. PYTAN SA! cz se ese eee ea 102)p | PDECING Gaiee =e eee see eee eee eee ee 376 Sylvia suc hen. ocp eee ee eee eces 681) | DaGnisis -sta-ces cece 374, 376, 377, 378, 390, 391, 426 TanaPraasct2s sete aneseooaceees se 32 angelica css. acsoe eae eee eee 390 cucullatusicterugi@e. 2 erase see ee eee er 259, [Ateleodacnis] analis .............- 397 261, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293 JeOVOhe GeckaS vio ocoentonbdosabocasss 394 Icterus cucullatus .. 259, 262, 287, 289 CHTUIESCRNS A o.oo cee tee eniee esos 384 var... 289, 290, 291 CAVANA Soto 9. sec ee se cee 392, 393, 396 Pendwlinus 222 sceeesee 289, 290, 291 COMANA Ss tee eee eee 392, 395, 396 Cuilicivoras Basilenterussc.2o-ce oes == = ace 7d4 glaucopularis:.----seeesesee 396 Setophagars.. ssh tense ieeesee oe 755 SubSp sity plea@.anc. terete ani 394 Sylvin tase. ee ice 754 subsp. ultramarina........... 395 culicivorus, Basileuterus..... 740, 742, 754, 755, 756 lUtramaritiayess sees 392, 394, 396 Basileuterus culicivorus .... 742, 7538 cayanus..-...--.- bees oa doe hctae eens 393 Culpepper Island Certhidea.-...-....-.....- 767 Ccere bi ColOtsec-<2e25 == oye eae 395 Curacao, Bangnagquity-- cee. sect -rccceceesee 420 Cyandtensss-seeces eee neo neceeeceee 394 Obigles = saic coos cee ee eee eee 303 Gyanocephala=:- i -socs-ceosssocn ee 394 Wellow, Warblers sepeecas-eeeesse- 525 Cyanocep halls sos—2 aaa see eee 394 GUTaGaoensiss [CteruSien seem. snne ee eeeee 303 GYaNOMelasteasseeee ee Ree eee 394 SAN THONMUSHe ese eeeeee 303 flaviventrisi:. -cossssrenseoteses ae 390, 391 CUraSOeHSIS; TG@lVERUS)- cee once ene ce eeeee= 303 PuatemealenSiSi ase -eeecsecememereas 384 xXanthornus. 260, 261, 263, 303 IGN CORENYS So see eae see arcmaes cre 391 Gurruca/anthoides). 22. ocsn-e-see cesses eee 615 NIGTIPCSs sac ene/ hae o se eateeee eer ee 394 eS aAL a eee ee > eS aT a INDEX. Page. Maeniswprotonotariaie 5 2asencce =< lai ee oe 507, 610, 611 palmarumy <<... °4975498>507, 618,614 616" | Wendroicees t= sac. 4- eee ee aes 42y hypochrysea ........ 508;->/) derhamii) Muscicapa)..-.. sss2s0see eee 733, 785 615, 616,617 | de-rhamii, Muscicapa..............-.......- 785 a a INDEX. 801 Page Page. GIACOMUST Tan apna sess cn tcas saceeneeecceee 58 | dominicensis, Icterus.... 258, 263, 268, 271, 273, 274 diaconus, Calliste....-- MOTT ER ORE oS 57 Icterus dominicensis, var.... 274 MPANRET Ra Sees eee oe ec eee cieraiet 57 OTnlOlUgeee nee eee eeeee 268, 271, 273 (Aglaia) esc: asesascs ee 57 Pen Gguiimus! see nee eee 268, 274 CANA RS eect ae eee se 58, 776 Bg 0 23 2 rk ee 68 WMHTAMPISe eh. eeee sees see eee 58 Xam CHOLMUS yee eee 272, 274 dragem aiigalGteruSie. <- sass een ee aeeceae 199s EDYOrbigny7s Blackbird 2. secs se eo eee ee oe 952 WieSuMMTATEnrIIMUNA os se esteecesnesce cece ace BD Sm RCO An CAINStCEe see eee ae ene mie soles wae 775 DiglOsSabee ee ae Scecces 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379 Gallospizam teen ct rescec cas eee 36, 46 baritula sae sa sass ackee sees S1O;eS0 o5lo| POO WS LAM Agere a sane see ae ce ee se ae 46 CATDONATIA acceete teem eee oe este 379 | Drab-breasted Chlorospingus.............-- 167 GOstaMRAGAN cer. eee cece eee cee SSD repanid ee sas Sas eens cee oS eee nee 376 ON MUCH sre «acres sock ene ences aac 379) |drowmnelCerthidea 14202 J--ses-eeeceseer 763, 767 SI OLIOSAN fase). ce Ae ce ose see cee see 379 OliVaCea S79: sense seeeeiee 767 IMG XICAN cbc ateee cee eee eee eae 380 | Du Bus’ Red-breasted Chat....:......-....- 699 AMV SACHS = seen nse eae cease SiS oo a MOU DUST CLCLISi-eEe settee seme tacee ce coe 301, 303 pectOralis.2. 2222 22s cease eee ms 379 xanthornus, var.a.......-- 301, 303 Personatlhc-s-saas-e hanes hae aeeee S19 DUSeCSaWiat DlCLIa sansa Seeene ceceece acne TAZ plumbea.c-2 52245-2222 =. 380, 381, 382, 781 Nellowsw arplener esse asters ees 513 UL TOLCLES epee erate cee ye es ioe 381 | dugesi, Basileuterus rufifrons.... 741, 742, 747, 748 Dig] OSSOPIS ase sejecieesees esse ces oe 374, 376, 377, 379 Mendroica assy eee 514 Grerulescens a soc seeks se 379 eestivasss2 iceman 500, 513 dimidiatus, Ramphocelus ......-. LOSH UL it eOe sD UUSipalIM aru ee seses = cesicceesnce ese 128 dimidiatus..... 108, pollocephaluste-eas-eeoseee ose aeeee 128 1OOMAUG a edtmicolawMcterta === 28.2 sass nee ee aoe 695 discolor, Dendrocai...-... 497, 498, 507, 607, 609, 610 DCLCHIAT es. -tos,cen aes hems Syste as 695 Men Gdroeeane ook sent see see eoee se 610 | dunstalli, Ramphocelus...............-.-. 108,115 Mami Opi tas ection Seer a eee 609 Rhamphocoelus..... Bae eee 115 MOlOtCHRUSS sasemes Ae eceierse. acto 22a UNS tase aN ae en sae s= cece amen eees 115 PAaSseniler eee eec ae aeeec se oes Se 212 | duplexus, Icterus cucullatus......... 259, 292, 293 Pheenicothraupis salvini-.......-- 143 | Dusky-headed Chlorospingus.............-- 160 Phcenicothraupis salvini.......--- 151 -tailed Ant Tanager.................. 152 RUMI aM PMS eeess eee ceases eee 609 WALDICIAEA thee contac ee ndascesesteece 467 Swilwidrseemen pe on oe ck oe teen cil 609 sl DwarhiGowbirdep cece eecsesscene ces teases 210 SVlivicolacsee soon eee ae ea cize 609 Pimps ere ee A ae lo NG Borsa sect al 174, 258 E. AULOVLOIACCUSU EA eee cete ete se see eee 2530) vedwardsia Buthraupis ase oat seco oee ce see 33 GV eSee ate seen eine inca eee 254,255 | elegantissima, Euphona..............--.... 13 SUMMMO@M As tts ee Ste aise eee caenioce 255 Huphoniaysseseceeeese ss 9,10, 12,13 Cie Sap Vy eSeae sen ae 1 Ho acetate cece 254, 255 IPI DT aes eee eae eee ee 13 NCLELUS AVE. eat a eee eee eae 2549) |e omberizahavitrous) sac: -s-ees beces seen cease 17 [ea pPNOPSaleeneee eee easese eee 258, 254, 779 Milttarish esses. + eee ees 350, 353 SCOlecOphasUuS-e.s ts saccee oes cies ae 205 OLY ZIVOMra so tee ehoeee cer seene see 372 WOliGHOnNIRIOLYZVOra =: =n ce sees Seco e ae 373 PEGCOLIS keeseo eens oes ee oe ee aoe 209 DONCHOMY COSaa ae secee ce onc eee S cee eels 175p| Hemperizoides) [eterus-. -22 6. scceneee See 210 DD OMGHOMY: Xess hes eee eee LO Allo sOon | me mMervldehanacer teres. Acasa eae 39 ASTIPEMMISe cere eee esas SiAs eMnieocichlactenscte ss seace sen tcema cee maces 634 ONIZLVOLUS 222 eer yse ca eee acess 373 aurocapillawes. a. Sasa eee 638 ONIZWVOTAP Rae cceiee se cmos 373 RuToOGa pilus eee eee ea ee 638 ONY ZIVOTA eee eee eee ate 373 lM OVA Clan asasacn aoe eee 641 albinuchasce.s.2--=- 374 IMD) OLS eee cate eee Cees 642 OLYZIVOLUS Sees ae 370, 372, 373, 781 NOVEDOLACENSIS 4... cca cece ae 645 ailibinu cha secs see. 374 Sul pPHUTASCENS) saws ciseoe eee eee 645 iB. albinuchus-s-.-2- Sv 4eleOseD Gnd nrceGaiee see eee ane eee eee ecole 032 var. albinucha ..... 374 Dencdroicueee sss eee ee ee 499, 502, 531, 532 dominica Dendreeea ............----- 580, 581, 583 Maio tliat eee eee aero 532 Mendroicaya-22-242- 497, 498, 505, 580, 583 Sylvicolaecee seem saee shes te cimare sane 582 Gominicayes.-2-2 2 0055078: episcopus) Tamagray.:-.2..2c2--5-cececece see 54,57 Cfayeratste seal Do lan eG UES MO taleilll aera teste eae o/arsiete le mite 483 VEN ace SIMMER TT AtlCUS aes we seeps cee cee oles ceteie seis 431, 758 Miniotiltar cine scone wae eee =e O80) TUTDET eee eerek pce cece aces 799, 760 Mota cillate snes S-cu-csacecicsanece 580 VEISICOlOMsee os eee heats 759, 760, 761 Slane ete salto ce ee nee orate bie 580: | erihtachorides, Dendroica ....5...........< 528 Vominicansbananagquit oacecoesses cnsee wens Aldi perithachoridesiGhloriss...-ssseesoseeneaaee 528 aominicana,Certhiolavec. se.cecsessecess 418, 782 Dendroica. .--2..---.- 501, 627, 530 Coerebataccecsucesecaese 400, 417,418 | erythrocephala, Piranga......-.-...... 76,79, 102 3654—voL 2—01—— a1 802 . INDEX. Page. |~ Page. erythrocephala, Pyranga..-.--.----.------ 1020776) | Huphoniaieouldicaesse= sees ee 10, 19, 29, 30 Spernmagrars-nece-e neces 102, 776 GOulg'S < 5: san sone Oe eee ee 29 erythrocephalum, Phoenicosoma .......--- 102 QTACIIS sores eee eee 10, 11, 19, 20 erythrolema, Phoenicothraupis ...........- 153 GYre@n' 5) .e e sasesseoteee 31 erythromelas, Phoenicosoma........-.---.- 101 jamalcensis:o-5--- ease ores 32 PiTatige jos esac ees 76, 77, 78, 88, 91 Janiinositisee-=--eoe seas 27, 28, 29, 775 PYTaN eae -ceece een 75, 91, 100, 101 Lesson’ S Giana. k es cae eee 21 ; anagram ees eee 100, 101 lateica pill ase e oe eee 10, 11, 20, 21 . EYL BTO DIS ME VANE aaa eee eee 95 MINUtA sso see ee eee 9, 24 : Erythropsatices-s. oe sees soeceeenecseee 319, 321 humilis sss senee 10, 11, 28, 24 3 erythrothorax Leistestiecce-sseeeee-oseneee 303 MUSICH, se ee sere cam aee 8,9, 10, 13, 14 5 espinachi, Icterus pectoralis...........-- 258, 284 Occipitalis= 2. Ja. eke sneer aene 5 s Espinach’siQrioletsace- = oee ce aero eee 284 Porto. Ricans 3. sceceses-5 eee 15 Eucometes spodocephala stictothorax ..... 778 FU VEMbRIS moe ses. eae ee eee 18 HUCOMeCtS 2. o02 5. 0cian eee nee aore cee eco 4,188 Scla tert, s2seebes coo eee ee 10, 15 4 CASS Ao sees seers Sec 169 Tawily-cappedie ssceecin see eee 17 “ CASSIND Sse ae eee ieee 169 Thick-billed's. aeee-cesece eee 28 f Crista Lae ieee ener ee pease t ne 138, 139 Wihite-vented==.----2sese-r eae 23 + spodocephala ........----- 138, 140, 141 Yellow-crowned .....-.---------- 20 : pallida 325- 1385140,1410 | Buphonices a. oss se osas- pees eee ees eZ, % spodocephala= 138139) | -huprepiste. =) sees 5 eee eee ene eee 35 ss stictothorax...._. 138,.:| Euschemons 225. sees. 6 a2 shee eee eee 30 Z P4778 |. Buthliypis. 522.233 e Ie 428, 431, 735,739, 740 ; ETICORVSLOS Scat cece oe ee eek oe ena eee 175 Canadensis ’s.cesss5-ce se eee 718 Fi WASTER Saas at ces ties ee ss 177,178 | lachrymoss/ae- eee eee 735, 737, 738 ¥ BUG ACHISM Sos a Jsoe eo nee cen cee minceeleers 390 | lachrymosa-cseseeee 736 _ WUNEOLMISTs Sots seo eeeee ee ae ee eee 423 | tephraccecc-heaseeee 738 4 euophrys, Basileuterus ..............--<.-.- 740 || exigua; Geothly pis =-- sss 4e- casera 657, 659, 677 & BUOPSAT Seco t ces pesecide Secs cae ieee on Ree 255 THCOMptay = sees sense 657 X Up DASUS Sete asc cee eee om cone ohoeereenat 244 | eximea, Cyanerpes cyanea.....--..-..----.- 389 : Muphong oss ese. ee pet os one eee ae eee 8 |“eximia, Arbelorhinay5- 4.25.5 se-eeeeceeeee 389 2 REPITTS) 9 ere ae cme eee eet 23 cyaneaces: fete eter 389 = cinerea. | Saseke sooo eee 32 Buthraupis 2.345 sec. eee 32, 33 & elegantissiman2- ses cosee see eee 13 Cebreba) cyaneniss... 22555 .2 eee eeee 389 ag JAMAICA Sane ss ose hose ee eee eine 32 Rhodinocichla rosea............--- 770 ‘s JANTITOSENISS soos oe ee eee enone 98 | Exococichla:: ts..25. coos eecee eee 634 MUSICA seam eee eee eee eee 14! | “exsul, Chiorophanes'spizai. .ssecesece esses 384 Muphone esos see case eee eee eae 8 Spind als. 22s asc ecaaee eee 74 e: MUSICA: sos cS se Sas eae ee eee 14 2 TIDIC EN enc aeee a sose cee eee 13 F. > HUphoniacecaochen sen Geen et eee eee 2, 8,9 fanny, Aglaia cote. .o2ssesseeeon esos serene 49, 50 2 MNS au ese e eon 10, 11, 21, 23, 25 Callist@s5. <2 Sass sacgecen sete eee 50 ; MUN Ee! Je eens eeeeeeeee eee 18 Jarvata; Var seo-sce seeec nee 49, 50 AUN ewe tee beast seeneceace 10,11, 17,18 Calospiza larvata ............-..- 37, 49, 50 iBlneshoodedeee eases a= cee 12)4| Han-tailed Warblereo-nasseeeee eee eee 736 Bonaparte’ Soe -- Gasecuwose eres lc 25 Western so.2 snes oe-eeehee cee eee 116 ene eS ee INDEX 803 Page Page. MieryzOMOlesec.che Secs ccc cork ce sesoemsoee 291 | formosa, Trichas (Sylvicola) ......-.-...-.- 624 Aiclania Pinan sae .c see se asses sass ees 88 | formosas, Oporornis ...........------------- 624 testacealsc waceseceseceece- Midas dee | PLOLIN OSUSse 1 CLCTUSs sata beee since eis eiseine 298 Py REUTLo Bee eros eers seer eestor 88 sclateria.. ie sese ce sceece 298 inlay Wench) Seshancsanasasacgassoncusde 72 Miya OCTOMUS Saeee seleees cemere es sea 624 ANSCH GeLebiolamsaseseesets sia es lismieniacien a oe Miyiodloctesine. === srs -eesoenee 624 Maman ea SEAN MA pean. =e = cides cieieeie= eis 96 @porormisiesaseckn ese. cee eae 624 bidentaitajs=------2-- 78, 96, 777 Seiurustens2cesea-c oacneeeeeces 625 Setophagatccje-s-55 sesacle- oes: = oo niot PLOUGH AED Leilene. ceecnicoceet eer cnee ree 649 minigtaseee sere (SSM ORNS G COUDIY PiSiaseee se oc slee eae see 650 flammeus, Myroborus miniatus........-- 731, 733 METEISHISet Hs oases See 648, 649, 650 flammigerus, Rhamphopis .........---.----- 111 MenretriStis sa=s--vossco eae eee setae 650 A VARS VAVA GIS: = ez. ove ci =) one eee 624 equinoctialis22:..2--.ss5 693, 657, 690 Oporormisi===.- sess 446, 621, 622, 625 B.chiriquensis ... 682 Setophapa assess sac ce oe seas 624 y.chiriquensis.... 682 Sliven Ges pete etek ce oe eee 624 yar. chiriquensis. 682 Sylvia saeco ten eer aa ee ees 624 APILISH osc es eewiec Sea eae 627, 628, 666 Sylvicolaw.- 2% s-sses—se 674 MACON tVre ye wearer eee 632, 633 Velatacfcc-sos-. eee ree 658, 657, 681 maceulivrayil sees cee eee 633 || giraudi, Tcterus--2-2 222 ---ceeeeeecete ee eee ee 295 MAYVNALGL ee aaseeee cee 656, 659, 661,676 | giraudii, Icterus -.............--- 259, 262, 293, 294 MelanoOps! Jae oss-aceeses ceeaioce 674) | Giratid's' Oriole... =... ce eaeat eee eee ee ee 298 MIRC SsnocisenopecbbagconsHsssoo 6b3:5| glaucd Dig lossa secre sen cane eee eee ee 379 microrhyncha.... 660,661,685 | glaucogularis, Dacnis cayana ...........--- 396 nelsoni =<-.s<-.= 51 660; 661,685," | ‘cloriosa;Diclossacec sc... seeecisse eee eee 379 palpebralis; sas sec sa- ee as 689,691 | Glossiptila........... 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 423, 783 palustris! s2hs 255 = soesese ee eee. 652 TU COMIS se eeisietsleletse i eee 424, 425, 783 philadelphiias.--sss-s2ee> 62956305634. | (Glossiptilinee =~ 222 ece~-ccsecete eee seam a 377 ac philadelphia... e631 |) Glossoptilar.qcaccasclsrecsisee sien seeeeenet 783 a. philadelphia ... 680 campestris Saseasseeessseene eee 425 b. macgillivrayi... 633 TUNCONIS Scene ewe eacesseeereeme 783 Bumaceillivranie == “GesillsGlossy Cow bitGes-ceaecencssecertsteseenaeer 211 macgillivrayi ....- 633 | gnatho, Euphonia ..........+.--+++++2--++-- 27 var. macgillivrayi. 633 | PHONSSCHie a scant ie ee eee meer 27 var. philadel- godmani, Basilewtertisissseesesceesece cease 756 phiger. ceessecs 630,631 | culicivorus....... 742, 756 poliocephala ..... 686, 687, 688, 689, 690 Certhiola;..ss-c.-so2 sescoecsoeae 408 a. poliocephala... 688 Huphonidsa seme sas eee 10, 11, 24, 25 palpebralis ....... 688° | ‘godmanni, Basileuterus=-s-2-2- 2-2 -4-e es 756 ralphinses-cse-ee 688,689) Godman ssHuphonia once asso eeeme eee 24 var. caninucha... 690 Warbler 22.2.5. taceoce see eee 756 var. poliocephala. 688 | Golden-cheeked Warbler ........-..-.------ a65 TOSLTICUMiac caceee eee Eseisndetdees 666 -crowned Flycatcher....:.-........- 548 rostrata saewcteeee cee ee eee abe ne 656, Phrush:;2 32.2 See eee 637 657, 659, 661, 674, 675, 677 =-masked Tanager sacccasenesaee eee 47 TOSLTAtUS aoc Se shee eens 675, 677 Pileolated! Warbler. 222_2.252222-2-- 714 tannienrts-ssse sere ecioeae 676 -winged Tanager .2.....<---=2-- oe ee eee 20 656, 658, 660, 670, 672 Buphomiaw .o- ces easee-eaese 10, 11, 19, 20 brachidactyla .........- 655, Phonssta se srse see ec eee 20 658, 660, 664, 666: | Grackle, Barbados... ......-<-..2--c5es-wsre 229 d wit nx. INDEX. 805 Page. Page. Grackle: Boat-tailed saee.cceces = cle ers = 286 | Guadeloupe Grackle..-.......-..--.-.------ 232 BOS OTA eee mer cease tase eee ne 236 Wellow-=Warbleneasec-e=soeee 523 BTOWMZEC pep eee eerste ae aera cients cee 219 | guadeloupensis, Holoquiscalus ........-- 225, 232 Colombian! Ricéss---2--aeeees so -5= 197 Quwiscalusyacteeessseeee eee 232 (Cin NE sososopaocesadanpacooscer 226 SeiuTuS! 2a: eens marnzeeecene 645 OEIC Meese ee citer rs sacra CAG alan Oriol e@meecestieece eta seeeeieeisccee 295 Gran di@asamantessss. seca s--icee a 229") gualanensis, Icterus)--.-2.---..-.---- 259, 271, 295 Grayson’s Boat-tailed ...........-- 241 | guatemale, Setophaga picta.......-. 723. 729, 730 Greatctailedisnce sseeeseeelesecece as 238 | Guatemalan Painted Redstart .......-.-.--- 729 aatianiceseecenerocs ecaeceae sacs 228 ParulanWarbletaeens- ee -ee eee 488 Varna Cane eeecreeemacceeasesiee ee ec 227 Warbler: <. -\.52 se cece See 438 Vilginige eos eoes cee 448, 471,473 SWalnsOMiias- ec enceens apes 438 | “Helminthotherus®. cee s-4-e esses 426, 438 VEIMUVOLUS - se. cease sseeeee 441 SWaiNSOnIe tac shee ae 362, 363 Kanthornus = 2.2 .ces- se 281, 283 ludoviciana........- 363, 364 melanochrysura, Icterus ............------- 310 MAGN Ar. «so scceeeuas See 355, Melanodiglossa)>..22s5-cice-- eee eeeceeeneee 378 356, 361, 862, 363, 364 melanogaster, Ramphocelus ....-...-- 108, 109, 116 Geet mtgeas ses 363 Ramphopisesssas-cs-ceeea—- 116 Subspecies s< 363, 364 melanogenys, Basileuterus....-.-. 140; 742, 400,702) mexicanus,Cassidix--- 3.25.5 eee eee 200 melanoleueus, Orlolusisss-sssseeeeeeeeeeeee 131 COLVUS 23 see cee 200 Tachyphonusess-sseeseees 131, 182 (Cassidix) ifsc eee 196, 200 Melanophanteg sa. seme mss ter seeieeary inte 319 T@teNUS = sense ce eee eee 286, 302 melanops, Geothlypis ....-.......-.------.- 674 Oriolus ...... Sieg tt ee 286, 302, 304 trichasisass-eeteee 656,658, Quiscalus=3522=5--- eee 231, 251, 255 661, 670, 673, 674 Scolecopha rus. asses 251 yciatiecien eters 674 | Zarhynchus wagleri ........... 178 WAT 2 oscars 674 |) microcephala, Sylvania s..- 22. -es2 sane 710 Melanopsanre sesesee onsen em eseee cecine 255 Wilsoniaese ss- 75ers 704, 709 mielanopsis, PSATOCOLMUS se. eee eet 272) MiCTOHS alse aoe eece et cee ee eee 428, 430, 651 melanoptera, Dendreeca ..........-----.--- 524 palushris)) 2 ses se eee 652 petechiay.2 2222-4. 524 | microrhyncha, Coereba coerulea........... 385 VET eno 524 Geothlypis nelsoni .. 660, 661, 685 Dendroiea petechia.........- 524 | microrhynehus, Cacicus ........-.-.. 188, 189, 190 6: eae ces 524 Cassiculusts-sas-t eee eae 190 Tanaere <2 2505525242 ooseeaies 60 Ca&SSICUS Fee sce eee 190 palmarum ... 55, 58,59,60 | migratorius, Helmitheros ................ 438, 441 melanopterus slCLELUS=s soe eee see 295): Peon es; CA peas oeetetete erate eee 353 Xam ThOMnUSe ashi eese a 295 Hm Derizacass score tee cree 350, 353 MelaNnOpyLiUs, LAMIO!M. seciaaclciecwweie- 123, 125, 126 TAMA LTA 2 cscs see ae COE 308 leucothorax .....:.--- 126). | “Mimids.. 2322). uas eect ees Sao eee 2,426, 427 melanorrhoa, Mniotilta ............- jeer b78:|| mMminiata, Setophara) as. cesses = ata eee ee 732, 738 Sylyda.o esc she oeseeiee 578 | miniatus, Myioborus miniatus .......... 731, 785 melanotis, Basileuterus...........-.- (42.402, 00) |, minor) CerthiGlawes-a-eeeee se eeeeeeeee eee 408, 781 Divictebusesee eee 753 Onoluss.. 2 4¢b 3 eee eee 210 Meliphagidey. -o-cecn << aces anos coe eeewsees 370,00: | MANMta HUphONa) — peso eee ee ses ee eee 9, 24 mentalis, Certhides 33.2.ses-e4-e- sees 762, 766 Muscicapai: soso cte nan ane eee 709 OliVvacesas nce .cs eens 766 Phyllopneust@s--2es- eee eeee 610 NGtERUS 5-2 a2 ce ae etter 286, 298 Setophapay. 3. econ eee eee 709 meridionalis, Myiodioctes............-...-- 704 SyLVanlide 26 “eee eR Ee eee 709 Sturmelila .52Seseoeccaeeee eee 353 Syl viavesoeessosse ae ee ee 610, 709, 760 Merulaamerulay. 2: 52. ssa eee ceca sates 771 SVlVicol ai go. scidacmaccsese te eee ae 610 METU1 A MOrUl a= sao aceaeie ciao Caner 771 WulsOniajniccsscee seeker ee eee 709 mesochrysus, Basileuterus .........-.- 740),7508 75.) | minutus) Myiodioctes).-.--as-sese-eesee eee 709 delaiimipsasee- 751 | Mirador Ground-Chat- os. ssc- ose eaee 689 rufifrons ..... 7425450) | MisiSippicay Dangerar. «sa 2s. esas 81 miesomelas) Teterusi5-s- ce conse eee. 260, 306,308 | missisippensis, Pyranga ..........-.-..---.. 81 mesomelas ..... 260,305, 307 | mississippiensis, Tamagra ..............--.- 81, 83 PSaTOCOMMUS: aces sess Meeeoe eee 306) || missuriensis, Sylvicolai------see-maossee eee 462 BX LHOTMUS see ee meeeeeee Tees 806" |) mitrata,Motacillacec =... --ceeereeee 703, 706, 707 Mexican Ant Tanager: -- 2. s.<.cccnsence cee 144 Mylodloctes:. 2. .<.<0cstessacee a. 707, 708 Banana guibscccsn-asess-cecoeceees 409 Setophaga. = s.cac- aces eee ones 707 GHCIiQUe setts sea ees coeene ee eres 191 Sylvania, sacsccecose sere ease ee 707 Chilorophonis,<..s.s-c.se-ce ee eres 6 Sylviaicc once seme s peseeineeasee ees 707 DIGTOSSA aha an sacewioce ooance aces 380 Walsonian ssc ce. eeseseeenes 704, 705, 707 Meadowlark . 3.s,lessiecsccensscctes 862) |. nvitratus: Mylidioctess- sen-seeseseere seeeeee 708 Oropendola Se ceest acces sodece eee 178 MyLOCtONUS'=, us2e saseascccnaoteee 708 Rice Grackledt. 22.2.2. veces eceee 199 Miyi Od1OCteSs. occ. acpaseteemeeee 707, 708 Shrike-Tanagersancfissscceccsconen 123) | Mitrospingus yet eset ceeececetece seem ere 4,167 Thrnsh=Wanblety-qeesses cee cess 772 (CaSSINT = eco eee ee Soe ve seein 169 mexicana, Cassidix oryzivora ....... 19751992200. | Mmuniotilita ~.5.\-cc-0..ccieaesecemeractisse 428, 431, 498 Certhiola: ges i. escent 407, 410,781 MSLV A -/onrciosce.c ccs cw seas settee 510 - MeCXiCaN A. soree een oe 410 americans) << ..p.csaceeeeee 483, 485, 486 Coereba ...... 399, 401, 407, 409, 410, 782 BUCUPONI es Ree eee eee 553 chlorophy gai... 4-5. - 408 SUA GL ance na se seinen seems 576 INDEX. 813 Page. Page. MniotiitasauricOlliS'<- =. .-ce..=4scecenaccce 445 | Mniotiltide...........- 2,375, 377, 4285, 426, 427, 428 ahi amiss ceteris csiare oe Serle 459M EMOTO tiltIMee seen eee reeee eee coe en eae ce 428 Hlack Purnia ace cocetesee eos eere 576 | modesta, Geothlypis trichas --.-. 656, 658, 660, 672 WOnealIiSze ceo ace eSe ee AZoM OMOLODTUSH secereiccece tree ree Lene eee eee 205 Geeruleaee. oxk sees sacs 573 PCCOLIS Hs asses coe aes 209, 779 Canad ensise. ccc seca -ceseee seme DSM MMOLOtHT Ss as ste ace ee asso te eee eee eee 174 CApItAlIS pes. eae cee eae 2 Ou MOLOth TUS tas aecmemtcersctieeeceee ee 170, 172, 174, 205 Carbonatar: 2sécss: st nce2 cesses 541 MM EUSis sess ses = ce see 202520352045 205, CATOMNENSISE: sae Cee 512 ALMentlissss2a: aansece see eee eee 201 Castameale vee scan sje hee seine 594 BLL os ssa te ae ene aes 207, 208, 209 Celataresssase sata sacs snieae 464 MCR nats aa pee eee 207 Chrysopareiass. seco eo see see 567 ODSCULUSHesse- ee eee 207, 210, 211 CHRYSOPLCLascce secs ee seeeeeeeeee 450 VarsObSCURUSE- seeetemsscess 211 ClUne descent as eis cee wees teneeee 443 atronitens ........ 206, 207, 211, 212, 779 CORTINA Mrs Se atc etch eee tio 573 atro-mitens!ss---2 eee sees cee 212 CoerulescenS=22ese neces see sss 544 adiMStsensese rose ascineraee 205, 206, 207 | COLON StH ee ee eke Hose meee ce 549, 784 DONATIENSISS=-.-2 eee eee ee 206, 212 | GISCOlOTS Asser coe ee ese ae ere 609 Giscoloresiasecesee ete eee cece 212 | COMIN CH ener eee eee encores 580 pringillariviss.-eos2-2 ea -e eee 206, 207 CORE eee a st cciewids coc ae cele 532 ODSCULUS) 2 cassceos see aecenkee 210 TOMIMOSA eee wise ences oie cieraeie 624 PCCOPIS!| so: oe.sehesee eee ase eee 209, 211 PTACI eae sorescceces sosee esas 586 subsp: Obscura 2-225. -sce a oeee eee 691, 694 AAVICAUUE so. acaeeeoeee eee eoeoe 727 VUINEerataee nose eer eee 733 Navicollisit--s-scee ee ee eee 581 | Wilsonil. ssh 252-Use sea eee 711 Ra VIITONS 6 Seceees ccs aeeeeksaaeee 451) Muscicapide set cscccas ene eo ene eee aes 427 {USCS 572.25 sos Geese ees eee ee 576) ||| musica. Cyanophonidss ss sees see e nena 15 Icterocephalalsssece- ss acre es eee 591 Buphonary. soe sce oes -on eee see 14 ICANA,. Sa case ose teeta ety ee 576 Buphoners cS taterccuceeeee acorn 14 NuidGyiclans so. csceee ese eee 483 HupHOnIsseresaee eee 8,9, 10, 18, 14 MACULOSH a -\aerclosine ne Oeste teases 535 Piptal S55c< ccc ee soe eee 8, 14,15 Mmitrate =< sacenmessseee nee 703, 706, 707 Tanaeraic 28 2b nes eee eee 14 MuUultieolon or cee so eee eee 228. Miya di OCtes S55 ee. see are ea a eae 785 NVI oh ooo nsec eee tenes 643 mifratus)...se2ccte ese ee 708 novzeboracensis =< -22--2---s--2=6 645 pusillus:.< seee sees sssee in eeoe 711,714 noveboracensis ...-...-.----.-=-- 6435) Myioborus:: sacs. seee eee see eeee eee 431, 730, 735, 736 Pal MALU essere ee eee 613 albilronSco.0 so eeacecose eee 731 MENS I. see ees sae er ears 581 AUTANUACUS coset see eeeeEsee 731, 783 PENSVAMICH ag ences eres 591 brunneicepsine-seseeee eee eeneee 731 PensyVIVANICA ec eweeseee ease 590 castaneica pillusine: =a eee 731 petechia ... 512,516, 518, 520, 521, 524, 526 miniatus flammeus.........-- 731, 733 ileolatateess anes eee eaee eee 712 MiIniatus a. ss-2ee= 731, 785 MUS Saseceeeee aes eeeeeeeeeee 551 LOTrQUatUS \-c2a5-4--- 5 eee 731, 735 PINUSs secs sae ewceee ces aose Sees 457 VER GAISE mse con saieee re eS 731 PLOtONOTTIOS cesese esse eee eae 445, ||| Myioctonus:: 22252220 ae- ase] seen ae 703 TUDIPINOSEiasexecesetocescsast os oe 514 FOTMOSUSSaee =e oe eee eee 624 mutica pillage sees 519, 524,527,528 | MG TAt US) as aes = eee ee 708 Puticilaccccsceciheteg-eh comes 725 | pusilluss 3s Meee ae ee 714 NUIMAtBseack ook ees Seee eee ee 597. || Mviodioctes:=.s. semsse seas oe ance 703 BUDELCIIIOSA cs. ke Seenieee scene S58 honapartiiss: 862 aas-e eee 719 tiominaecan ss ee caer eee 497, 538, 785 CReTULESCENS is. sseecren nae ee 719 thiChias 2 Sac accs tees te Sones eae 663 canadensis. 25: -.ceeosceeanee 717,718 tricolOTa:---<25.00-ssecenwaseeee eee 728 | LOTMNOSA See serene ase ene 624 tROG HS eer eeeneere sees ieee 512 | fOTMOSUS): 22-52-22 5s= ee Saar Old UII DNA ses aeeeenee eee eee 551 Meridionslisc s-<-peeceee eee 704 VATION oc. iosicn cles ses oes Sac e 431, 433 MUINUVUS 4 Secon eee eee 709 USING? Guseocaoesooosaussosonc 438 | MLNS eee eeaet ee eee eee 707 ViTeng st eaaat oe eee 563 | MLULTAbUSKS sont one canes eee 707, 708 motacilla, Henicocichla....................- 641 | pardalinas-.. cts 5 eee eee 719 Seluruss 2.3 -eeee ee eeeee 635, 639, 640 | pileolatis)=<22..2 eee 715 SIUMUS Ss Sscoate cohen tee eee 640, 641 pusilla. ssodsc secon cesereee eee 711 Turdus - WoL 5ecse ses ete woe eee 640, 645 | pusilhusieeseceenss-ee 711, 713, 714, 715 Motacillidee jess esse sete eee coeae seeker 425 | a. pusiUS sees 711,714 Mournins Warblers q--tncesase eee stents 628 | B:ipileolatsa s------e-- 715 Mrs: -Wilsonm’s| Tanaren-wss.s. sac seieeer cece 49 Biipileolatusesss-eeese 712 NMuperestOniOlest ae, oe eee ee eee 292 | pileolatusi=-eseaee 713, 715 MU tCOlOT, MOtACIlWe-neee senses eee ee aee see 728 var. pileolata....... 712,715 Spindalis| #9. -.-s-ce-2 oes 63, 64, 67, 68 var. pileolatus.. 712,713,715 TANAPTAL Soh 35 once Doce ee ceee 68 yar. pusillust--2-—-= 711,714 Muscicapa:bellics==. sono eee omen ee 743 Wilsontl) ss.) 2: t2 cs eecineeeee 711 bivittatsecseen soe ce Cease ee 755) |) Mbyiothly pis +-- 42k s- - eee eeeeee 740 bonapartils.. oc. 3. sseesee so es 7199) Myodioctessmitrata a2 o-e- aan een ener 708 PYASIORI Ses eee nee ee ee 755 pardalins= .-S25.e5-eeeeee see 719 brasieril: eats aes aoe erase 755 ju Myrtle: Warbler 225: scs-m. sees sect eee eee 546 canadensis x. a ee ateces eee 717 | mystacalis, Diglossa......-......... Seen 378, 379 CUCHIBtayeen Sosek cece eee 708) |) mystaceus;*Reeulus- ces. scenes ee eeeeee 663 Gerhamilcrs sasne sso 733, 785 Ge rhamin pore te see ee 785 N. DATA CW s= coc once merece ee ee 732) || neevia, Motacillas 2.222.545 ween eee 643 VEMNGOMUS een eee nee ee aoe cee 729.|\ Neevius; Selurus 225.2. sacs see ananctasaeees 643 MIM Gases soe eat eee ee toe 709 SIUTUS) ooo coe oso e ese 643, 647 pileaitats: 22> eh a. e ee eee eee 708...) (Nashville Warbler.<4 2.2. = es esaiem ses 653 nitidissimus, Tachyphonus.......--- 130, 135, 136 melsomisss- sees. GO0R66L(G859) nitiduss Cyanerpes!s..o-22s5-ec-o eee ee ae OSO NGtERUScer es same ae os a seraee os Got trams 2915 “niveiventris. Dendrceed = 4-52.26 ee sees 570 eucullatus sce. see 259, 290,779 | Northern Green Honey Creeper..........-. 383 SUDSPieoeeeeeieee 291 Rare Warbler as. sesececee secs 484 Megaquisculus major....... 235, 236, 242 Red-wit ers 252k a eee ace se 338 Pheenicothraupis rubica ......-- 142,145 Yellow-throatie22. se s-cssesecese 664 Scaphidurus major. sc.eceesscoccc 243)\enorthbropi, IGterus\ 2. --5-—--2-s5- 257, 266, 262, 267 Nelson’s Ant Tanager ......... Sew saeeeeeins 4a MNOLthTOp:S | Oxiol Cleese eae see ease eee eisce 266 OTigle een aisaa seca ae eens elsiaciats 290 | Northwestern Red-wing ................... 341 NEMIOS Werte nese aemt ne ean ceo eee oes 106 =notabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis........-- 635, MUCA pillars oceans sere = ee sete 105 642, 643, 645, 647, 648 SNe animistree heat a eens ee Meme 423 | SlUTRUS neeVIUSe aes seco- cee ee 647 Caerul ea ssetiana sce os emia e 423,425 | noveboracensis, Motacilla................. 645 INCSODSAT eee mae misstep ean icloiw cis ines © 175, 344 | SCUUMUSIER erento ses cer ste 645 MISE CUMS see sere eee see ane Sere 345, 346 Seiurus\....--. ee 642, 645, 647 INGSOSDIN PSUS ase ein asec cams cae sis os aenee 4, 156 Turdus (Seiurus).......-. 645 Specuiltierustesoe-ts- eee 156;157 | noveboracensis, Curruca .....-:-.-+5------- 043 neutralis, Agelaius phoeniceus...........-. azar EMICoOclehl ane esscees sss see 645 324, 339, 341, 780 Henicocichla).20222-<--- 645, 647 MeNtOuis CCLUMIO Ma. ceeecp cee see Salen ae: 417 Motacillazeetece= see seaeee 643 Goprebarst sere soaec ee see nice 400, 416, 417 SCLUTUS tere eee ee eee ce 644 Ne Wwarorke DT hrushiss ccc se soso pianists Se ejeiciei= 248 S@lUnuUS sa. ee eee ace 634, Nicardsuan Ant Tanager =..-.-.-.22-s--00- 150 635, 643, 644, 646, 647 GTC hse Raee see ee oe te eee 244 noveboracensis.... 635, nicaraguensis, Megaquiscalus ... 234, 235, 236, 244 642, 646, 785 QmiSCalUse~ scene ees 244 Slums 2ee soeeeee eee 642, 644, 647 Scaphidurus!sacaeccmes asic oe 244 SYLVIA Sue jase Sceciaa ee seis 643 Midipendulus; Oriolus.- 922. sci s-- = cen ene 304 Murduspessn- ces sssaese 28, 643 niger, Agelaius....... eetactne ote eee eS 228 (Seiurus) ieee es-eee 643 HOloquiscalUstesss: =~ see 224, 228,779 | novicius, Chlorospingus........-..-.----- 778, 779 GIGI ae Se SceRbedesoceaeessesese 228,779 GTiGlUsee eset he eens oe nes 196, 222, 228, 779 oO. QUIScalUgssee es fooee te one ncleeecee 228) | Oaxaca rAmt Tanager. sacne acess sam cleiae 147 DaritusPVars --eoseeesce eee 228), NODES IClCOLUSH ae oc cen- cate aeeeseeeees 257, 265 Scolecophaguspscne-c-ceeseecasene ss 248 | obscura, Helminthophaga celata, var...... 465 MAS ELriMUS: sAPeloUS.. ac ee loss acces aeese 346 Helminthophila celata............ 465 AipelaiuSissteescicasstenesacerce 346 subsp ...--- 465 Amp IV.GOrCus mc acme nice eee 195 Molothrus pecoris, subsp. -.....-- 211 WASSICUSES Sascmene ecee cee oee 192,195 | obscurus, Megaquiscalus major ..... 235,236, 241 CleruSsttaeceene coms eee eae 344, 345 Molothrus=25:2-2-se2ce >= eee = 210 INCSODSANA= = =e a -% see cra soecece 345, 346 ater i222 alone 207, 210, 211 PSArOCOMUS: saaniciss ease Soeiciae 195 Vals sgensccccehe 211 MIP TESCENS yh CNOTOCA sn 255-1 escses coe oe 559 PECOLISMVAlsosoeess 210, 211 Dendroica ....... 503, 504, 556, 558, 568 Quiscalus macrourus -......-.--- 241 Mintotilltaen saess cemeteries 558 Scaphidurus major......-...-..-- 241 RhiM an phHuSs-ss4 =< seceeacsece< 558 StURMUS: Ssosese coos acca eee 210 Syilviaeeeceecionicee pac ecisca ce sate 558 | occidentalis, Dendreeca ................---- 569 Sylvicolasas=--saccecccescse et 558, 559 Dendroicdeccecese acess 504, 667, 569 WELMmbVOIal-ccecoac ace seo caceraes 558 Geothlypis trichas .......-- 655, 656, nigricephala, Spindalis...............-.- 63, 64, 65 658, 660, 666, 668, 670, 671, 672, 674 PANAMA eicersicc wate ee sockets 62, 65 Mmiotiltaresscencecs-aesaclseke 569 Mistiinons Dendroicais.s.scc..sscees. ce: 555, 556 Syilviaysee fas. kcece esheseieeces 569 sudUpoOnisee2 sees 508, 555 Sylvicola. ceca. cases 569 miprilora, Compsothlypis'..-..5--2.-----+2-- 491 | occipitalis, Acrocompsa ........-------..... 6 pitiayumi ..... 480, 490 Chlorophonia = 5-- 53522 222---=- 5,6 Rarulaiee scan. sssonacessisceccs 490, 491 MUP HOM are ccre-e osnsee ee erioctes 5 DILIA VU Mee aee eae eee 491 Priglyphidiay- sea. +e soseemee 6 Vales een see 4a9is | ochrochiora, Certhiai-- =.=. 2 eee sete 385 MIATIPES WOACHISE. oe tacee «Seo cee see ceases 394 | ocularis, Helminthophaga ruficapilla, var.. 470 nigro-cincta, Setophaga..............-..--- MLO eIMOCVALUS2 so see os sech sscaeeiee nosese ceases 169, 172 816 INDEX. Page. Page. Oeyaluswagleri 2 s.c2..-scaceeoes se oer ee 177,178), Oriole, Martinique +:2...-.5=-cne. ea eee 279 Old Providence Bananaquit ..............- 405 Montsermats.- 22. o0 sees ee ae 265 Olivacea, Certhidea.......... 761, 762, 763, 764, 765 Muperés!-: $30 ei eos Soe ccascince fee eee 292 GliVACERseececsee eh eee 764 Nelson Sis ssa ence ee eee ee 290 Chilorothraupiss=-.-esesseee 154, 155, 778 Northrop)? se-5 2262 8e senate 266 DendrosGal.cei-oaerciacis cette oes 496 OTAN ess soci: ecisse wees Bee Ree eee 299 Mendroica:.thsseveccae se sees ee 496 Orchard. s<2i22522-52 scout e eee 275 Mn Oviltacnceccteetos-eoee cease 496 Ponto Rican, oes seen oon 272 POOSDIZA eset = eee 159, 161 St_ -Andrewsi 22/22 #22 suse sane see 304 Sylvia..can2f8ce.teeeeueecse eee 493, 496 Salvinis'ses25c-2556 osee ate ieee 307 Sylvicola 2... -2useenss- eee eee se 496 Santa bueiacs 223. 3 2 Asassse eens 274 olivaceus, Agrilorhinus.--s2see eeeeeee 173 INDEX. 817 Page. Page. OrphHOGONVSiOlIVACCUS) cc. cisie cle cisimssiete ese =le a1 15d) | PANMOSAS VVACOMS «<1 /ar cta)-iceteleil=te iaietsis see eee eee 302 Helminthophaga.............. 461,462 | Phoenicosoma aestivum................---- 83 Helminthophila.-..... 446, 448, 460, 462 STC enS - fee eee ee eee 101 Mino tilita sosco2e soc ceeeeasee 461 bidentate 220 e eee eee 97 Sylvia scisjcidesniehacee eee er © 461 bidentatum 22s2---------=0 5 98 Syilvicolazeas sscecesaeeceee ence 461 bivittata, .2.sctesssee sees 101 (Vermivora) .......... 461 eny.thromelasr.-seceen seer 101 VIER MIVOLR SS e.cmect ceo coe eeces 461 hepatica’... aeese laos eos 86 peridentalis, Dendreeca ..<<.......:...---.- 570 hepaticumy: esas aes ees 86 BeriporpnuyxwusS.-es2e= cco cers cece eee easees 1 ludovicianium=ssess. eee 95 Berissoplossaiss--s socc nae oo eee eee 497, 498 TOSCOPULALCS 2 - eee eats ee eee 99 carbon ala 2... 5-5 2 eseceneee a 541 TUDIO" 25.2 ooo eee eee 91 LISTING ono Se ascs eeck eee eae 0389 PU DNUM so eee eee eters 91 wersicus, (Cacicus:.--.<2.4--4-saseeee ee ace 187 testaceum) 25-3252 sede ees 87 GassiCuss. ancsa anise cence eee como 189 | Phoenicothraupis carmioli. ....----.---.... 778 DWersonata “Wiglossa:. 2s... -2sacaeahor. se eons 379 Puscicaudaesese-seeeees 153, 778 Mersonatus, AgrilonhinuMs . ness oe eeeee ee oe 378 WIN CCH Sie eer serie 778 TCCERUS Ss oS. cous oe a oteere cere 304, |) Phoenisomaradestiviai ees. 2- eso ee eee 83 Prichas e535 sence seco seee 653, 664,666 | phoeniceus, Ageleeus...........-- 329, 332, 333, 335, Derspicilatus- tA geleus. secs. oosaoeee sess = 390 336, 337, 338, 340, 341, 342, 780 PSATOCOMUS 35-25 ee ae 350 phoeniceus;aes-2------ 341 Xanthocephalus .........-.. 390 = ee Saar 341 Peruviana, Aplaiaja--- senses => SEALER OSE 44 Agelaius) .s..22 See sees 330, 332, 333, Certhiolajcanseesce ence ee oeece 407 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 780, 781 Dendroeca petechia, g.......... 523 phcenmiceuseess---ee— 322, TANASE TANS Koester Aen eer 44 324, 330, 331, 334 PCLruvianuUs, QuIscaluse. ease eee eee 236 vets seater raters 332 petasodes, ‘Syviwias se cere nee acne 711 ‘Apelaus ceo beste nee 329 petechia, Dendreca.......... 516, 518, 520, 524, 526 TGLGPiiS’ . sasinseinc aes toe eee 332 INDEX. 819 Page. Page. MHUCEHICEUS; OLiOlUS! —o.- sce clseclece= BEI Foz t809 Te DINa,) DENOTE cea eeecme meet eaten eee 601 MNOSMICIUSWAPeLALUS: 3.252. ociicc ee eeicccesmse 330 Helminthophagars-sessce see eee 458 Phcenicophilus dominicensis............... H2Gs bine Creeper:sastecie. teacsen set ee ooeeeees 456 PalmMarumM.cs-ssoese esas 127, 128 Warblervies aces -ceenee eee 413, 782 perspicillatus 3]. soceeemeeeeee 350 flaveola, Var... 413 phoeniceus 222.2 4-2eeseneeeee 332 Cierebaiss. << 400,401, 412, 413, 782 pustulatus::.- sass: .e- taaeosees 296 Dendrceca petechia.......... 520 KAN tHOrNISsos22 ses eee ee 302 Reterusjeescesee-- 258)263, 242.2700 WW PPSCUGa Peles same eseeeeee ease See 321 dominicensissvar= >. “273 |) eseudagloeus) sao ases-eeeeek seen eee eee 174 Ren dilimussse ene -eeeeere 273) | Ptiloxenas ls. eesstesse se aoe eee eee 174, 261 SpinGdajliSsess-eeaceeseeose = 63, 64, 65 atrowlolaceane-. 2. — -<-= ences eee 202, 253 ean Sores eae eR eemeeece te 67) ||*pulcherrima yy Dacnismess=) ee eee eee eee 2,391 (Spindalis)ieece.as- 67 Iridophanés ese eee aseesee 2 ManPhOrnUuses.--eeeeaeeee ee 9730) pulchra, Con psopnitipis.o- = eee eeeeee 491 postocularis, Chlorospingus......--.-.-..-- 158, 160 Pitiayumils---2-- 450, 491 preedatorius, Sturnus....-- Sagano: 8825 | Gpumia Swivel a= ee ee eee ere 709 BEsIGie: WaMnbl@nrssees eee ene ae ees 607 Sylviayy 224 sss es hi passgeeee eee 709 PrAtensis (Cin Usieesee eaee seo aeosacet eeeee 353) | punctate, Taneaeraysss-- - eee eee eee 34 pretrel, SpinGalis:..ce..es-- > 3<- 56 63, 64,68, 70,71 | punctulatus, Chlorospingus ................ 164 Rae Pak we VR eee eee eS 62570) | (PurpleiGrackless=- cise. +22 eae sees 215 (Spind aise teeasesesee eee. 70 | purpurascens, Chlorophanes .......-- 377, 382, 383 Pein. ChlOrOp HONIG ssnaasene es eeeeee ee ees 5 | purpuratus; (Chaleophamest sere. ase peceeite 218 Spin aliswesae sass. Sys eee se 70 Quilistalits aceeeeee sees 216, 217, 218 Prewosti, AimiblvGercuisiesese. sceseeee esses oe 195 | purpurens, Quisealus........- 217, 219, 220, 221, 251 Gassiguiliss oe se ee toe ae 195 PULP URCUSS Veaeseaee = 217 Gussicus eos cae eee ee 195) |"pusillasNMuscicanissasesseeace eee eee 710, 713 PLGVOSHie Am bIVecereusse eset ress emceeosee 195 Myiodioctess: 22 cence aetna 711 Amblyrhamphus: ss-psscessaecees 195 Sylvania tt . a4. 5 sess saee 572 AVG CGS ee ret ete eee eee rear 573 (COLON 2 GUS sees ele = ae ee eee 549 Phydlopneustel jase seems eeee eer ee- 573 GiSGOlOL ae sa ciaaae os eeemaee 609 SV] Vibe Jone Seeman cece stasis 573 MACWIOSUS as tose eee eet 535 WETMIVOTAS cc cGdcaccese ote ern seeers 573 AN AEUGIOUS se | aoe eee 540 Tathbonies WbIMaM Push eee ccc eee 512 OllVAGCUS Saree sae. be cine ce 496 Sylvlabictacatoncsckics eects ce 512 PATUS Sch S ees ceteeenese 578 Svylvicolavsceccmuecte oes se siseees 512 PeENSilIS 2-2. eee ase ee 581, 582 rectirostris, Holoquiscalus.............-- 225, 233 UNUSh sea ree eee 601 Quiscalusi: 2. o2225 60 see eeee eee 233 pityophilustascss-5-e eee 606 Red-bellied Redstart... <. 422.05 -scs-ase2 = 731 rathboniaz=..t.s-eescnesceene 572 “bird \SUMMELSe. s2Nec eso eee se See see 80, $1 Tufcapillus ere eee eee ee 614 -breasted Chat, Boucard’s ..........---- 703 Strintus:=.32- peace ease ee ae 597 DU BUSH ease S58 cn ee 699 VIT@US? 2352 enceeeeate ee eee 564 Salleisererist cae smears 701 | (Rhimamphus) Dendroica coronatus .-...-- 784 Tres Marias.........--- 400: || (Rhimanphusieseee=- cose eso ses eee 496 =eyed Cowbird cee. ae. ccc cecneenic= see 201 SURV as see erect 510 =faced "Warbler. cc scence se eeeeee mace 720 blackiumniee seas eeiseete 576 =headed'\Tanager=. 0... ctecscesecces cas 102 Caslameusa: soe seme se ear nerets 594 Redstart,cAmenicani cee eee eee cee ee ae 724 GILLIMWS esse = occas eer 496, 512 Gollaredk.cccsce seco en ecaeees 735 coronatanas=--ss55" Weostiee ons 549 Guatemalan Painted............. 729 MR CUIOSUS eee Reee eee 535 Kalip!Stescccceose= se eater se sacs 733 MISTESCONS He nee ee eee 558 Painted’ Gasoscss sstee cea ee 728 PeNSILISS 5.0 Ss case ee eee eee 581 Red-bellied! #2. fscacardmexc ome aae 731 striatusis.525-saccsesane se coee 597 Yellow-bellied\. 3... ..2- Basileuterus 95-2226 449s! "SeolecOphagusis ce. s- qasensee eee eee eee 174, 244 TUfrONS fesse sss eoe 742, 749 SQuatoriglise: seescsecae ee 253 Certhidea cs. nec ee- success ona 764 atroviolaceusifsc. see eae 253 TCterusiesc 2 one se tere ee eae ee anee 308 carolinus<-. <. ==: 245, 246, 247,251 mesomelaste-as-ee ese = ae 308 eyanocephatus ... 245, 248, 250, 251 Bhoenicothraupise.s-4-2ee eee eee 149, 151 GIVES 22.5.5 eee eee 255 Phoeenicothraupis fusciauda........ 150 {ELMUSINeUS! sesceeee eee 247, 248, 251 salvini.... 148,149,778 MECXICAMUS «22.5 ee ee eee 251 Spindalis) A522 secsaicasaceewecesaeeens 57 fOTMOSA) con eecls cose le eee ee 624 Wiermivorarcccse-seceses ecmmeee 438 Nal sells s aen ice eee ee eee ewe asa eats 559 INDEX. 8297 Page. | Page. Syliviaieterocephala: .2...... 25-6. cc- ~~ -- SOIMDODMESYl vigsvenlUstaveds ste -neseaceree see se teen SOm oT) WINCAN Ace ese secre eee race tees 576 MELMIVORA Saseeuy Meee cma teertamas/c ate 738 LEUCORAStTaa cee aot ateeenee eect 470 (Vermivora) rubricapilla ........... 469 LEUCOPteLaie see ses cece eee mee oe » 545 | VIPORSIES See seems cle eee acne mem cise 601 WA OVACTAN SD ease se cok heen meee 483 | VITO S ec eeee en ase EN se ce eeeene 563 MAcrillivravile see anes eee eee 632 | WITIGIS Ste ae b ke eee ches eee 394 MACLOPOSe sa wece is -eecce eee eel aia add WAISOITIEN Ss AB MER eset Gs seme ates 711 TMELCULOSA ies iets: cine Rete ete neice 535 KAMbHOVA OAS ese seine oe a alete,slelataictaiste = 551 MAGNO MA Ace se taees Bate wanes MS 536 KanthoOros ee ea aoe acre ee eta 5al PAN AMN CI Cas a ae chess toe eee oe eite GOSis|ESyliviecols ss2. 222 aah eee hac aes ceiesemes ee 478, 496 YOGA see heist ne cece ese ele 539, 540 adelaide eee 7tt2 stae seisiertatse 588 marvlanGicaee sae sss een eee 663 PSbIVa esse eae sees 510, 513, 516, 518 melanorrhoa ===+- 2: oes eee eee ece 578 | Apilist 22.3 te Se ee eae teats 627 TIRITU UAE See E eer ser ert merase 760 americana eet eee. 482, 483, 485, 486, 783 TMVUTNUG A rarer see sists erst ieeete = 610, 709 GUGUbONIbereetCee ere eee eae 553 MUMUGUATA SS eee ecco sees et esisiinisiets 707 auduboniles sso... sate. sss 553 MMONPAN AK Sesesisec sae ale see eee cists 784 quTneolateaecteess Seek cn etecicer eee 522 mashwilleies see see eaetes ones entice cles 470 auricollisi-as--2e2se 2-622 sse=e = 445 MG PT ESCANS sateen cee eee taco as oe ad8 DAGCHMAMNI A= See eee esclan acres 459 MOVEPOLACEMSisee sect sitet ces siis 643 blackbunmiee Sess¢ see shoes ee 576 OCcidenta@lisin ws ates: oe ace oe 569 Ceenileas ease ter eee Soha 571 OlUVaCe arena sen ms sei hias sac ees 493, 496 Canad ensisye. veel sees cclesseise ae 543 PalMarUMe = heise seis se ise ele os 618 Carbonata,wichce. scene teeresanrae 541 jb TARE Seo seaquaceadeeincpaSHobsBOEGs 545 CASLAMER 2 222 kates ooee ols c lacrsrsieisletere 594 Parc alinawessses asc ese sees seteetetalass 719 . Celatar neat cecanseece eisai. 464, 466 IPANUS Semmes ers seme sete Seteieicee eel g 578 Chrysocephalamere tn s<'iersjeteinsielets 576 DEDMSY Vaal Canes ts seeeris stcies ina 591 Chnysoptenaisce. acct ecietetei-aetcisiata= 450 WEMISUISE erreyste rises ceeee eee ee caca> 581, 582 COLONBIAE S52 2226s ee sens ces Se 548 PeUSVIVaMLeAs == sea-ice can aciete 590 GiISCOlORs eles desecc Sen coe weiecicce 609 PELCSMIN A sesso cas te eteetie see 461 COB eee teen ect tlemt ot lesion 532 Petasodes sera. s sthiece oscar ee scien 711 flavicollise: eee eet sie 581, 582 POLE CHUA Hs <= = = ool) |) Murdus aquatine ses. eecceana =e eee teen ee 645 Dendroicasscsece ce eee ee 561 miler sii fe cn220. 50 Vee eeae eee ees 278 Mniotiltaysss-scenaseee ese d61 auricapillugsis: -52-22=-c-ess2seeeeeeeas 663, 670 | (Seiurus, noveboracensis ........-- 645 marylandica......... 663, 666, 668, 670,671 | noveboracensis ........... 643 marylandicuss...ces sche skeet ee 670, 671 | thiltte-2 ee oe conor eet 319 nigrocristatus:..--eeesse sees 740 | bnichas-s.-i e228 hese eeeaeon eee 653, 663 PersOnatUss.2 05.2.2 2.22 Seeee 693, 664, 666 ViTENSs os Aco ator see eee ee 691, 693 philadelphia. 222522 sae scence: 629 VuIPINUS 28.2 so oce eee een 769, 770 poliocephalai.. 222. > 2 -iseae elena 688) |typica;,Calliste larvatal- e225. e-ee-e. ee 49 TOSCOG 3-5 esas eee oes 667 Dacnis cayana, subspesee----------- 394 TOSULAth) 22 soeer a oe eeeee tae ae 675 Icterus cucullatus, subsp .....-..--- 289 (Sylvicola)iformosavs2 22-1 ase 624 Icterus melanocephalus, subsp -...- 281 tCPhLOCOVIS! 2c Heese ees 628 Molothrus pecoris, subsp ..-.-..--.--- 210 tole... beste soe eee ee 632 Quiscalus versicolor, subsp ..-...--- 217 tolmoehs5: cae: St auesecie-e weeeeess 632 Sturnella magna, subsp..........--- 360 Vera tassel seewsccedesasncectaaieee 633 | typicus, Quiscalus versicolor...:-.-.----.-- 217 trichas Geothlypis .-......... 693, 656, 657, 663, 664, = 665, 666, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672 Us: tri CHAS ay ee eee ee 654, WItramanring-"DaCniseessen eae seen ees oe 395 656, 658, 660, 661, 663 CAVE seeseeee 392, 394, 396 ae 666, 668, 670, 671 ~ subsp ...-..- 395, 396 Tait eee one eat 663, | Ultramarine Dacnisss.- se -26- ee eeeee er 394 666, 668,670,671 | Umbria, Motacilla............-..----....--. ddl Motachlla., cou. co2e seep eee 663 Sylvia --..--.-++-+++- +--+ 2s25e 2-25: 551 Seis: be ee eee eee tee inn ee EGG pe MCCAIN eee 378 Sylviate a= ee eee 663, 665, 668, 669, 671 brelayi .......----------++---- 381 TUNGUS osc at esac ot eee eee ae 653, 663 lafresnayei ...--..-..--------- 378 Trichothraupis penicillata ..............-.- 139 sittaceum ....-...---..---.--- 381 iri¢olor Aceleusicc). =... ee eee 326, 339 uropygialis, Basileuterus ..........-. 740, 757, 758 plroeniceus, dieessseesee es 326 Cassiculus ....--.----++--++-+-- 190 Ai Gitte. tee Ne 396 | CaSSiCUss 4.4225 scpeeeencereree 190 Acelaiusies eee e-coee 322, 323, 324, 326, 780 Coereba ....--..--------------- 782 Gerthiola. 2.4" cua. cee gate eee 406 Coereba .......--+------- 400, #20, 421 Gurebarees sce meereee 399, 401, 405, 406 Ramphoceelus ...-.------------ 120 TCHERNS: 65-22 ee ee eae 325, 339 Rhamphoceelus..........------ 120 OTIOMISh sete eo Ae 314 | usnee, Compsothlypis americana ....--.... 479, TANABTAy: os eee eee 34 | 484, 455, 486 Cricolona MOtaci eee see = a= eer ee ae ee 728 | Vv. Ericolored Blackbirds ee... -= see ee 824) ‘varia, Certhiass.. -2224-52 254-95 eeee se 434 ‘Triglyphidial 2... 5. cc sac. ae ener erere 4 Mrniotilitarceeeeceececeee es 432, 434, 783, 784 Callophiryss.s-ce.s seen teen eee 4,8 | VELL Sh 4a Aen Sree 435 occipitalis:..22225- 226.22 6 Motseilla:. ctaseei so: ean sees 431, 433 tnistissS vilviColare eeres eae eee oer 559 Nettariniai=---ss--s-eeee Hower aan 4395 trochilussMotaciila epee sere see ee 512 SVL Vian. seis yoe <= 5 PIOtONOATIUSS.s2e22 secon asa. 445 TGteria ts Noses ce mete eee eee 694, 696 RAT ance eee apace ema Seka 573 J CUCLI Bs cee coe nee eae eee Ree 694 rubrics pila cepa 2 = nse as <1 470 MuSCICapalses.c-e 142,146 Barbados Vellow ~-22-c-2--c--+2¢ 526 Vinaceous-throated Ant Tanager .........-. 146 Bay-breastedba. cc hme eek cece oni 592 VIOlUCES WLAN APTA ween aa nwine eae acts eae eae 8 BeautifiliParulas.s-4-025------4-- 41 violea, Cassidix oryzivora ..............- 197, 199 Bells eee oe ae heen eee ete sae WlOlMawaltas Mana praesent eeesee ee sera cic 60 IBC 1UC CIM Ee Seer tectotinc eee Bee 551 MiTeNS PDE Gd roe Cale escee ae ot seca ci ereeete 564, 565 IBISHO DiSteaceericcs sees sorieeeeee 620 Dendroica 2... -..- 503, 504, 662, 564, 568, 784 Black and? Wihilte:. 5.2... ss 132 832 Warbler, / INDEX. Page. Page. Black-cheeked) 2.2.0 -.scese et c= tol "Warbler, Macpillivray’si.- .5--.as-) ne ccnees 631 “CabeG cesses d0-06- Ee oes jo2 Masnoliat eaten ceener Oe eee 532 =fromted) ctw. 22s. cc centers 555 MAaneroveycen soe soonest oe ee oe 530 =pOll. soecepace eeeser ae eee 595 Martinique Yellow ....-........2. 526 -throated Blue............. 541 MOWING 225252 -0c ee ee ee eee 628 GIiaDYcoseeee eis snn's 556 IM ynbleiin.-.cisasne seen sem tee 546 GYreellsscse esesece 562 Nashiville.a.22.¢ visseneee ere 468 BlackbDurnian) 222..:6--ssss-5-565" at4 Nassau Pine. 2. sass. fee eos eectesc 602 BlvesPTa vets. 5c ease ee ee 543 Northern Rarulas. o2oe--ee2- bees 484 “WiNnked: os 6 ssac ses ae ee estes 455 QOlivievss.. cnr Se eee 493 IBTaASWeLr’ Se 6.25 tale ceme see See ees 755 Orange-crowned'.2.- ssc. +e oe eeioeee 462 IBTOWSECL'S aan 5 Jacana aes 453 Palme eeaches sce sete cee 612,613 Bryant smvcellow 2 cease. soe see ee 529 Panama Yellow <2... s-co--ceecnes 27 But-rumiped)-.3. pss sae se 756 Parla gece saaccc: Case oo poe eee 451 Gaipns' oes. aieed see e eles Couciete eee 545 Pensile\e xs2saatesec eee eee sees 581 Calaveras sisc2 i seeste tek wees 470 Pileolateds .csesesssss eae cee 712 Canadian . 22. .2 2oec faccicceassece 716 Pin @: Soh Sas sas Sa eiee acts ene eeee 599 Cape: May. 2 osncd eee se isecy OOe Pink-headed)j2: setae ee secs sie cetee 760 Carbonated) ss 225 ste Jose. ny, Soe 540 Plum beous tans usnsscee ere eke ee 617 Cerulean saad oes cene 570 Porto mRican Wellowieees = secs oe 518 Chestniutesidedis sash cheese cee as9 IPPAITIG ae ks he cae eh peas Ween eee 607 Ghispassc\s sasiGe eee ae oe eae 748 Prothonotary) sssss4- sess see eee 442 Chilpancingo -sss-a5 ss cee eee 745 FRO) St se none J Peet ne Roe vies 759 GhiniguisParwlaess sie o-oo 487 —fRGedis: 51 2ets seasc see eeee 720 Colima 2: sascec4ec555 0225226525256 473 Rufous-capped 2-2 222 - sens. sess 745 Conmecticut 2222-545. soso eae 625 | St. Andrews Yellow ....-.-.+.-..- 524 Costa Rican Buff-rumped.....---- 797 Salyin's!. 52: 22222552. 1st eee tits 749 CoZWMel Mellow seeene == cee ase eee 524 Santavboucial "42-402. fae. cnceeee 588 GQuwbaiens sate saeco eee cee 605 Sclateris:<.35 8 acne pee eee 790 MEM OWeesne ac oe eee e roe 920 SemperiSs:. 42200 steers eee 651 Guracao-Yellow s2:222-+-2s=e5ece 925 Sennett's)Parullay.goseccce va 5e cee 490 Decoratedsas joc. 52e. sess se ee eee aS6 | Small-headedat sss ee teen eases 709 Welotitress2-42 95: 5 hoes eeoeeee ese 749 SOCOMlOl s2222-Pe seo cee areas eine 492 Muyp est Se ost sh ssse tec amen eee 747 SOnNOraniy GllOWsenaesee sees ase eee 512 Velowwi saeco emece seeeenae= o13 | Streak Cdi..2 2 a.0aseeeeeee tee oe 618 DUSK Weciare sae oate coe os Oe ee Eee 467 | Swain son’Si. ace. acess e eee eee 436 I A =talen 2 25 52,< cciien poco ene 736 SVGAM ONG 2. <2=-52 seen eee aeeeeene 582 EDM AMMA Saracen seca ce seen 649 Tennessee) 3ssaaansee cesses Sees 460 WORMS) Serco seen ese cere Pease 649 TOWSeN GiSsea<¢ 2 aeceeeeeeee set 559 Galapagos Yellow ......-..-..-.-- o21 Mres;Maniasarula 2722.0 -scseseee 492 Godmian’s's3 25-0 aes ese ne ee 756 | Wirginises ess Jo 5 sscmseaee ee naeaere 471 Golden-cheeked! 2. 32.3225. 42= 5-252 565 Witelline-23 <2. 222 c6t ss2scee ee eee 610 Pileolated at a-5- 2 8c 714 | Western fan-tailed................ 738 =WitlSed! 2 scat eeaeeec eee 448 | Parula: osc sactssee eee 456 Goldmatltsiss 5. = ste. eee se soe ace 996 Willson? Sis2e os by. ee ee ee 710 Graces se. 6 hi ea-sek ee ean een aS4 Worm=eating oAt6 em. 2- a aseeee ee 439 Grand Cayman Yellow ..-....-..- 517 Wellows 222.925 2222 ame see 50S Greypoll es. s2-s42-oaseoe eee eee 576 =frouited! cates acer ates 451 Guadeloupe Yellow ..-......-.... Are Pali oe sonesceeee ec oaseee 616 Guatemalan. 223 asasss ceases 744 “throated... chasesesessee 078, 581 Parwla:e-caseaceeces 4SShi Warblers) Wood's. et oe oe eee eeeee seer 425 HisitiameGroundss sasen sense ae Ga2e| Water hhnush == --s2 52655825 = ee eee 642 TPARtlBuUbySs. vooce seam esc e sane ae 477 | Grinnell’st2-ceeaccseeeee see 645 Hermite sa. 2a neoesos as hoo = aac ee 967 LOWISIaNaz.ss2<-s-ee ace aoe 639 Hooded <2. 222 scenes ooceres sone ees 7Oot | WellSBananaquiten. - -oe-eeee see e eee 420 WTAZIW aos ces asedesose sec escceees 476 | Wellsi, ‘Certhiole -:<:<--.-2seee-5seene eee 423 WMIISCOlSer eestecteseanne cence eases 799 | Coeré ba: 227.2525 oes one 401, 407, 42: Jamaican YeOMUO Ww a-c-- sss. cc o-eos- a15 | Wenman Island Certhidea.:.-.......-.---- 767 POWYS) ce seek cacti se eee moemewns 746 | Western Fan-tailed Warbler..........--.--- 738 Kentucky gees. aecceenescee ances 622 | Meadowlark? 5-ac-- eee een eres 365 Reintland’siac seas sete ee ee wee seer 603. | Parula Warblers sessesseeseeseee 456 ANVNEN CONS ewe seein ceria sete 452 | Summenifanggenrss-.ceee-e ee ceeee $3 Michtenstein’s o-5-<- emcees eases fas | Yellow=throstass-ece-cee escorts 668 Rongtatlewd

146220. 1. LANIO aurantius. 3. PHAENICOPHILUS palmarum. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. V $ : : 5 — Waryqunt \) Al) 3. CHLOROTHRAUPIS carmioli. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. VI 3. MITROSPINGUS cassini. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2? PL. VIE ZARHYNCHUS wagleri. Ty ee ye a at ss. O75 bre = 1? — se “red ee te ee, ae Oe eo eee . BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. VIII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM ‘euinzazuowW SdONILSONWAD a Sh Sea Se) ihe U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. IX OSTINOPS decumanus. BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. X U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “snuNjaytA SNOIOWO U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM |. AMBLYCERCUS holosericeus. BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XI nicterus 2. CASSICULUS mela U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XIl CASSIDIX oryzivora, BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XIII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “snuljosed SNDVHdOOAI1OOS ‘Vv *snsoaizAso XANOHOIIOG “€ $ ~~ (fw arg 09%, i : U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XIV 3. MEGAQUISCALUS major. U. S NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XV 2. QUISCALUS quiscula. é U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XVI 1. LEISTES militaris. 2. PTILOXENA atroviolacea. 3. NESOPSAR nigerrimus. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XVII 3. STURNELLA magna. 1. DIVES dives. 2. XANTHOCEPHALUS xanthocephalus. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XVIII 1. DIGLOSSA baritula. 7. MNIOTILTA varia. 8. HELMITHEROS vermivorus. art heer“ BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XIX U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “siyeuny3nB SiIdATHLOAHO *Z ‘snaoeao SQWWHGAIONAd ‘7 ¢ S * af U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XX 4. GEOTHLYPIS trichas. 7. CHAM/ETHLYPIS poliocephala. XXl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. “SN4OAIDIND SNYALNATISVA “9 “snyeiuius SNYOSOIAW ‘PV BULLETIN NO. 50, PART 2, PL. XXII U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM “eaoealj0 WACIHLYAD “9 ‘saqns SNOILVOYSA “V *suodpyligns WNITTAZGYHWO 7% “HUAI 3 9088 014