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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Bulletin 65
- DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF THE
NIAGARAN DOLOMITES AT
HAMILTON, ONTARIO
Compiled by
RAY S. BASSLER
Curator, Division of Invertebrate Paleontology
U.S. National Museum
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1909
ee we roe
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Bulletin 65
PENPROLD GRAPTOLIIES OF THE
NIAGARAN DOLOMITES AT
HAMILTON, ONTARIO
Compiled by
RAY S$. BASSLER
Curator, Division of Invertebrate Paleontology
U.S. National Museum
“Sescacee®
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1909
‘a Il
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSE XN
IssuED JuLy 10, 1909. —
ADVERTISEMENT.
The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two
series—the Bulletin and the Proceedings.
The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series
of more or ee! extensive works intended to illustrate the collections
of the U. S. National Museum and, with the exception noted below,
is issued separately. These bulletins are monographic in scope and
are devoted principally to the discussion of large zoological and
botanical groups, faunas and floras, bibliographies of eminent natural-
ists, reports of expeditions, etc. They are usually of octavo size,
although a quarto form, known as the Special Bulletin, has been
adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed indis-
pensable.
This work forms No. 65 of the Bulletin series.
Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as “ Contributions from
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the botan-
ical collections of the Museum, have bean published as feallecas
The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are
intended as a medium of publication of brief original papers based
on the collections of the National Museum, and setting forth newly
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there-
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited
groups. A volume is issued annually, or oftener, for distribution
to libraries and scientific establishments, and in view of the impor-
tance of the more prompt dissemination of new facts a limited edition
of each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance.
Ricuarp RaTHBuN,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,
In Charge of the United States National Museum.
Wasuineton, U.S. A., June 20, 1909.
Tit
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
TT OCU TO Tie ee ee a ee ee Se 1
IWESERIP LION Obs PENE rasa mUleSpeCles ae 6 ee ae. Ty eee ie es et Se 5
OTdera EN Cir Ol Cae saeee nt eect ere le Ree st IA Pe 5
THUD e NCO ne Glee a eae = ees tT aes ae ee ea 5
GENUSee DEM arOLT AIMS ea ee ene a ee Ee ee 5
CLEA SO TU ee oe Ea A ee Eh 6
OUST US ee ge ee pe a
HEPC TVOL OS US eae eae hee a ys ere nN atte nee al 8
NG EUTNT CO SS USS assert tesa ae No hg Sos ene, Re ee Camere Re 8
OT Ve Gara ent Speers ere an a ee 9
SV UTOS US eee eeeen nts ea SS Se a et 10
(DLO DlemaliiCistees = ook AN Ne oe ee eS 10
Bo La eau ts ees ee ea ee eee aft
OTEAROCN S16. sess ee se ES ee ees SE AD
Genusm Callosran tus fe. 2 Se ae ee eee nh soe Sab 12
VAULT CO SUUU TS pees a es ee fees SR ee ee 3
MIAH REN GIS; aa ed ee eka FAS nee ae, Wicd oh 13
MYL GUS == es Se eee eed ed a ees Se oe Ca eee 14
TVET AUS See) LU Sh ae eee es ee a te ee 15
SS GEST CU Se es ee es ee ee LR
Genisee Gill 0 gral tic serene ee iS eee tS ee 16
LOMMACE IS Saree emt, rere eine es ta ie ee 16
GenusP Di Cey Omega sac espeiae stem ee Aes ee Se ee ATG
PG Uslil:TS1N) @ eee See ee eee ey ee ED 18
CraSsilbasall Ont Sree eta SS Cee ee eee 19
MOLY MOT pluie eae we en Be ek Se Ee 24
SUDTEGILOP Ie ese eres SSN Ree Nene ee a ee 26
GOW Ma ere ed eS ee en Fo ee 28
SECA GIT © BUTT ar a ae oe a ee Ss 50
No) AS UIIN kee ene gt Rees a Seen ns SS SFO Ee Sl
MA MINERVA See cn ame ee ee a ee ee ad ta 54
CLESIMOVG CG h se eae ee Rae ee a ie NEE a ead a 34
BC RCT ASS U Se ese ie eet Be ee we Set OP 3D
SDCN COM ieee a> ks eet eal aee ale ST yabe tts Pe et 36
PONE ULES teeter yn eae tee ena eae a Eley 37
Genuse@allyptoorapeuse ones lar ieo ei ee ee 38
CVAIUMIEO ENNIS a eaaes Se ook meee eee ae OE Te St 38
IMMCRONEM At OCS aan a eet ee ee 39
C(I) TREN IER RS ge i 40
SUDZENTISmMrohi ZO Sta il se te es ee BE 40
ULL StS eee rere eee oe ee i 41
VI CONTENTS.
Description of genera and species—Continued.
Order Dendroidea—Continued.
Family Dendrograptidse—Continued. Page.
Genus. Odontocaulis=: =. SSeS ee ee es 42
eranti._ 2 ee Oe ee oe 42
obpyriformis: 34. Ses eee eee ee Oe 43
occidentalis 2" ate See Ee ee ee 44
Genus) Cyclocraptus. 22222 See ee 44
rotadentatus: eee eee ee eee 45
Genus Jno0caiulis 2.) ) ee ee ee ee 46
plumulosus 2222302222 eee 46
TramuUlosus 2223-22 ot PS ee eS 49
CérvVICOERDIS 2 ke 2. ee 51
phycoides 2-2-2241 ss eee 51
diffusis: 3.02. 5 4 ee ee 52
diffusts. crassiramus. == 2) oS eee 53
congrecatis 22) Ue ee) ee 54
(62) "STI CTUS Sees ee ns ee eee 54
Veretaliis 2b. eae ge te ee a Se ere 5D
thallosus\ == 22a" 2 eae a ar ee eee 55
Genus, Acanthosraptus®== 9-222 22 55
pranti = 6) ee oe ae eee 56
Walkeriios 220): Noe ee ees 57
pulcher 2.20 ce ee ee eee 59
chaeétophorus ee ee ee ee eee 61
MuUltiSpinUS 228 ee eee 61
Gents “Dhami oe reap tS ee 62
bartOWeniSis 2 2) aes ee ee Re ieee oe ee ee 62
BD: TnL OTT See ee 64
Descriptions of plates2222 2-4 ee 65
.
\~-=
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Facing
page.
Plate 1.—Figs. 1. 2, Dendrograptus? problematicus Spencer; 38, Dendro-
graptus ramosus Spencer; 4, Dendrograptus ontarioensis,
IMNEGWalE SD CCLOS eee a ee ee ro a eats ta tes ee SIs ES 66
2.—Fig. 1, Acanthograptus granti Spencer; 2, Dendrograptus
phainotheca, new species; 8, Dendrograptus praegracilis
Spencer; 4, Dictyonema tenellum Spencer; 5, Inocaulis?
thallosus, new species; 6, Inocaulis? strictus, new species____ 68
3.—Fig. 1, Dictyonema crassibasale, new species; 2, Dictyonema
stenactinotum, new species; 38, Callograptus strictus, new
species; 4, Acanthograptus granti Spencer; 5, Acantho-
Sraptis CHhAetopnOLus sueWw SPCClOSs= ame. Sern Se oe TO
4.—Fig. 1, Dictyonema spenceri, new species; 2, Dictyonema pa-
rallelum, new species; 3, Dictyonema desmoides, new species;
4, Dictyonema polymorphum Gurley ; 5, Acanthograptus
DUCK ers Spen COre a Bieta n Sen eee ree ee eel es (2
5.—Fig. 1, Inocaulis vegetabilis, new species; 2, Inocaulis diffusus
CLASSITAMLUS Me Wa Vall Cl yee ee ae ae os eS 74
TEXT FIGURES.
Page.
Figs. 1-7.—1, Dendrograptus dawsoni Spencer—a frond, natural size,
and a branch enlarged; 2, D. dubius Miller ; 3, D. ramosus
Spencer—a frond with a branch enlarged; 4, D. praegracilis
Speneer; 5, D. spinosus Spencer; 6, D.? problematicus
Spencer; 7, D. frondosus Spencer—a frond, natural size, and
branch enlarged. (Copied from Spencer) _________________
8,9.—8, Dendrograptus dubius Miller—an incomplete frond; 9,
Dendrograptus ramosus Spencer—a frond branching uwuni-
iG TOU meee ae ee aa pee Hees eg ee een eR YS 7
10, 11.—10, Dendrograptus praegracilis Spencer; 11, Dendrograptus
phainotheca, new species. View of the type-specimen______ )
12.—Dendrograptus ontarioensis, new species. View of the most
CUMPIETERS WECM Mg = ee et ee ey
13-15.—18, Callograptus minutus Spencer; 14, C. multicaulis
Spencer; 15, C. niagarensis Spencer. (After Spencer) _——____ 14
16, 17.—16, Callograptus minutus altus, new variety—view of the
Holotype sini siricius new: Species=--2 = 15
18.—Ptilograptus foliaceus Spencer. The type-specimen and a
branch senloncedrenGAtien Spencen)=_ = == eer es” 16
VIIl
Figs.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
19, 20.—Dictyonema retiforme Hall. A small rhabdosome showing
the central portion and a portion of a larger specimen______
21, 22.—Dictyonema crassibasale, new species. Two rather small
rhabdosomes showing the proximal portion _______________
23.—Dictyonema crassibasale. new species. A compressed infundi-
buliformerhabdos0im e=322 52s ee ee eee ee
24.—Dictyonema crassibasale, new species. A compressed, fragmen-
tary ‘rhabdosome:23s2)s Sones Se es ae ee Ae
25.—Dictyonema crassibasale, new species. Rhabdosome preserving
the fibrous proximal portion and showing the thecz________
26, 27.—Dictyonema polymorphum Gurley. 26, Rhabdosome retain-
ing disk (plesiotype) ; 27, A compressed specimen (holotype)
with centralcportion{. 2 <2 25 3 ee ee ee ee
28.—Dictyonema polymorphum Gurley. One of Spencer’s types of
Calyptograptus subretiformis. (After Spencer) _~_~_-______
29.—Dictyonema polymorphum Gurley. Spencer’s figured type of
Dictyonema tenellum. (After Spencer) _——__________________
30, 31.—Dictyonema subretiforme (Spencer). 30, One of Spencer’s
types of Calyptograptus subretiformis. (After Spencer) ; 31,
A large expanded rhabdosome from the Rochester shales of
NewYork. (Copiedstrom Ruedemann) =.= 2 ee
32, 383.—Dictyonema tenellum Spencer. 52, A small example presery-
ing the basal portion (by R. S. Bassler) ; 33, A larger rhab-
WOSOMEC . = Se 2 ee ee ee ;
34, 35.
Dictyonema stenactinotum, new species. 384, Holotype; 35,
A rhabdosome referred somewhat doubtfully_____-_________
36.—Dictyonema expansum Spencer. The original type. (Copied
LOM. SPN CEL iso ee ee ee es oe ee ne eae ene
o¢.—Dictyonema expansum Spencers. = ee ee
38, 39.—Dictyonema filiramus, new species. Two small rhabdosomes_
40.—Dictyonema filiramus, new species. A rhabdosome of medium
41-48.
Dictyonema desmoides, new species. 41, The holotype, a
small but rather complete rhabdosome (by R. 8S. Bassler) ;
2, 43, Paratypes. Two fragmentary rhabdosomes___-——__~~
44,—Dictyonema percrassus, new species. A fragmentary rhabdo-
SSO TTC eee eA re re i 8 eee ag eR
45.—Dictyonema percrassus, hew species. Rhabdosome with basal
attachment. eo 224 are a ee ee ee
46.—Dictyonema spenceri, new species. Holotype-—__.--_-________
47.—Dictyonema parallelum, new species. Holotype___--_---__--_-
48.—Calyptograptus cyathiformis Spencer. Copy of Spencer’s figure
49.—Calyptograptus micronematodes Spencer. Copy of Spencer's
PT AUT a Nan se Nie ee ee
50.—Calyptograptus micronematodes Spencer. Plesiotype in Spen-
eer: collections ee es ees Se ee ae
51.—Calyptograptus? radiatus Spencer. Copy of Spencer's figure___
52.—Rhizograptus bulbosus Spencer. The type-specimen. (After
Spencer). S=5 2 5 ee ee ee
53.—Odontocaulis granti (Spencer). A rhabdosome and a branch
of Same enlarged: (AfttersSpencer) -_2 =.= ee
54.—Odontocaulis granti (Spencer). An incomplete rhabdosome___
Page.
19
20
21
22
23 .
24
25
26
27
29
30.
32
3
34
34
39
40
40
41
45
43
ILLUSTRATIONS. IX
Fig. 55.—Odontocaulis obpyriformis, new species. View of the holotype a
showing rhabdosome and stem enlancedese=-= 22 43,
56.—Odontocaulis occidentalis, new species. A rather complete
rhabdosome ___--------=--------------=------------=------ 44
57.—Cyclograptus rotadentatus Spencer. Copy of Spencer’s figure— 45
58.—Cyclograptus rotadentatus Spencer. A large specimen from
the Clinton group, Clinton, New York. (After Ruedemann )— 45
59.—Inocaulis plumulosus Hall. os TK ER NN LSS
ZL Hf a
AA Kt \\ ye
Fic. 29.—DicTYONEMA POLYMORPHUM GURLEY. SPENCER’S FIGURED TYPE OF DICTYONEMA
TENELLUM. (AFTER SPENCER.)
Holotype (selected by Ruedemann).—Cat. No. 54278, U.S.N.M.
Plesiotype.—Walker Museum, University of Chicago, No. 13517.
DICTYONEMA SUBRETIFORME (Spencer).
Calyptograpsus subretiformis SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, pp. 453,
460.
Calyptograptus subretiformis Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884,
p. 578, pl. 4, fig. 1 (mot fig. 2) ; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884,
p. 28, pl. 4, fig. 1 (not fig. 2).
Dictyonema ee RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908,
p: 162; pl. 2, figs. 15 °2.
This species is closely related and similar to the preceding form, /).
polymorphum, both of which have been described and illustrated by
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF ITAMILTON, ONTARIO. oN
Ruedemann. Spencer’s original description, with additions from his
description of 1884 contained in brackets, is given below:
Frond circular, but cyathiform in its growing state. There are numerous
bifurcating branches, which in the fossil condition imperfectly unite or overlie
each ‘other, producing a kind of fine network with irregular sub-rhomboidal
[ellipsoidal] interstices. In texture it is corneous, having the branches marked
with striations of a sub-rhomboidal form.
In this species the branches are much finer (but little more than one-eightieth
of an inch in width [0.85—0.75 mm.]) than in C. cyathiformis, with more numerous
and irregular bifurcations, producing a netted appearance. The original matter
is often replaced by pyrites. The fronds are not generally more than two inches
ies, 380, 31.—DIcTYONEMA SUBRETIFORME (SPENCER). 30, ONE OF SPENCER'S TYPES OF
CALYPTOGRAPTUS SUBRETIFORMIS. (AFTER SPENCER.) 381, A LARGE EXPANDED RHABDO-
SOME FROM THE ROCHESTER SHALES OF NEW YORK. (COPIED FROM RUEDEMANN.)
in diameter. Only a few specimens have been found, and these show some
varietal differences,
This species was found in the Niagara limestone [principally in the shaly dolo-
mites beneath the chert bed], Hamilton, Ontario, by Colonel Grant.
To this description Gurley adds the following:
Measurements of a number of branches show that these nearly all fall between
0.4 mm. and 0.6 mm., 0.4-0.5 being the dimensions usual in the distal portion for
the branches exclusive of the terminal twigs. The more proximal stems meas
ure 0.6 mm., and the thickest seen (in one specimen only) reached 0.8 mm. Cor
responding to the straggling aspect of this species almost any number of branches
may be counted transversely, but if portions be selected where the branches are
28 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
at fairly regular distances apart and the meshes consequently of pretty uniform
width, the number will be found to be about 25 (say 23-27).
Ruedemann® says, in connection with the generic position of the
species :
As both Spencer’s drawings and our material show, these [generic] characters
are not retained in his second species, C. subretiformis. The latter clearly pos-
sesses dissepiments, which, however, are so oblique that they appear as bifurea-
tions [See Spencer’s figure, here copied.] Dictyonema polymorphum Gurley indi-
cates transition from a typical Dictyonema with rectangular meshes to this
irregularly meshed form. The clearly closer relationship of the present species
to Dictyonema polymorphum than to C. cyathiformis has induced us to place it
under the former genus and to restrict Calyptograptus to forms which retain the
diagnostic characters of the genotype.
DICTYONEMA TENELLUM Spencer.
Plate 2, figure 4.
Dictyonema tenella SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, pp. 45S, 459.
Dictyonema tenellum Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165; Trans. Acad.
Sci. St. Louis, IV, pp. 564, 576 (not pl. 1, fig. 18); Bull. Mus. Univ.
State Missouri, I, pp. 14, 26 (not pl. 1, fig. 18).—MuILtEer, North Amer.
Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 185.—Gurtey, Journ, Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 96, 308.
The original description is as follows:
Frond cyathiform in growing state, but usually circular, although occasional
specimens have a flabellate form in the rock. The branches are uniform, nearly
parallel, and radiate from the center with very few bifurcations; in width they
vary from one one hundred and twentieth to one-eightieth of an inch, but uni-
form in the same specimen. The branches are connected at short intervals by
transverse dissepiments; while the margin of the frond is remarkably constant.
The surface is striated, and the texture has a corneous character like that of the
other species of this group.?
4New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 164.
» Here is interpolated in the description of 1884, a paragraph which I footnote,
being convinced that with the exception of the statement that ‘‘ between the
branches there are not usually spaces as great as (or greater than) their own
width,” it has no reference to the species now under consideration.
“In the best specimens distinct ellipsoid pits are arranged along the sides
of the branches, marking the positions of the calycles, these having the longer
diameter equal to half a millimeter and their shorter occupying two-thirds of the
width of the stipe. There are about twenty-four of these calycles arranged
longitudinally in the length of a centimeter. In specimens less perfectly pre-
served the bars connecting the branches are almost obliterated, and in those in
a better state of preservation they are placed from 2 to 38 mm. apart, while
between the branches there are not usually spaces as great as (or greater than)
their own width.”
Respecting the species to which he does refer, I can only say that in my expe-
rience, D. crassibasale more usually than any other species, has the thecx pre-
served, and that those structures in crassibasale could be deseribed in about the
words used. But in no species could be both 0.5 mm, long. and 24 in 1 em,—
R. R. Gurley.
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 29
As the connecting filaments are very fine, owing to imperfect preservation,
they are not always distinct over the whole surface of the frond. ‘This species
is easily distinguished from D. gracilis—even in fragments—by the branches
being exceedingly fine (about one-hundredth of an inch in width), with scarcely
that distance between them, and with no approach to the dendritic form of that
species. The frond maintains its character even in the young state. The larg-
est frond is three and one-half inches in diameter.
It occurs in the Niagara limestone [dolomitic limestones of the cherty beds
and in the underlying more shaly rocks; 1884] at Hamilton, Ontario. The speci-
men described was obtained by Lieutenant-Colonel Grant, and presented to the
writer.
Spencer’s description of 1884 adds, that the dissepiments are very
delicate, and the margin entire. He further says:
This species is easily distinguished from D. gracile [=D. crassibasale Gurley]
by the branches being much finer, less diverging, and with more bifurcations,
by the transverse bars being more closely arranged, and by the frond being
33
See
LZEP
2”
Figs. 32, 33.—DICTYONEMA TENELLUM SPENCER. 32, A SMALL EXAMPLE PRESERVING THD
BASAL PORTION. (By R. S. BASSLER.) 33, A LARGER RHABDOSOME.
regularly circular, with no general bush-like form like that seen in most
specimens of D. gracile [crassibasale]. The largest frond is 9 em. in diameter.
Gurley’s description of the species is as follows:
Polypary cyathiform, in the flattened state radiating from a center; proximal
extremity only indistinctly visible in one specimen (text fig. 32), appearing to
consist of some kind of a bulbous or fibrous root. Branches straight, mostly
0.5-0.55 mm. wide; a few as narrow as 0.25; occasionally one as wide as and
none wider than 0.4 mm. Number of branches transversely in 25 mm., proxi-
mally about 45, distally 50-55. Interspaces consequently rarely as wide as and
usually much narrower than branches. Minimal length of meshes about 0.5
mm., maximum about 1 mm. Thecie invisible. Dissepimenta of about medium
thickness, straight or oblique.
The identification of this species I consider thoroughly made out. There is no
other species at Hamilton, at least in my experience, to which Spencer’s orig-
inal description could refer. But in 1884 Spencer figured as D. tenellum a
30 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
totally different species, the one I have named D. polymorphum. It is very
important to note that his description, too, has become tinctured with foreign
elements, the whole of the second paragraph, with the possible exception of the
statement that ‘‘ between the branches there are not usually spaces as great as
(or greater than) their own width,” having no application to the present species.
Horizon and locality—Not uncommon in the Niagara dolomite,
chert, and glaciated chert at Hamilton, Ontario.
The originals of text figure 32 and Plate 2, figure 4, are in the
National Museum, while the third figured specimen (fig. 33) belongs
to the Spencer collection.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 55300, U.S.N.M.
DICTYONEMA STENACTINOTUM Gurley, new species.
Plate 3, figure 2.
Gurley’s description of this fine new species follows:
Polypary flabelliform, included within an angle of 35°, somewhat obscure
at base; branches 0.6—0.8 mm. wide (in places apparently as narrow as 0.4 mm.,
but they are there not fully
exposed, as the same
branches elsewhere show
in their course the full
width) ; mostly parallel, in
places curving irregularly,
causing distortion of the
meshwork; set 17-18 in 25
mm. of width. Dissepi-
ments slender or thick, sev-
eral reaching 0.6 mm. and
but for their position being
virtually indistinguishable
from a nearly transverse
branch. The majority are
transverse, though many are
more or less and some are
quite oblique. Most are
Fics. 34, 85.—DICTYONEMA STENACTINOTUM, NEW Parallel-sided; a number are
SPECIES. 384, HOLOTYPE. 35, A RHABDOSOME RE- triangular. In general the
FERRED SOMEWHAT DOUBTFULLY. (SEE ALSO PL. 3,
meshwork is regular, the
meshes rectangular. The
most regular meshes vary in length between 1.5 and 2.5 mm. Distorted meshes
may be as short as 0.5 mm., though more usually 1 mm. is the minimum. Only
obscure indications of thecw are seen.
The above description refers to the type-specimen alone [fig. 84]. One other
specimen [text fig. 35, Pl. 3, fig. 2], from approximately the same horizon,
exhibits a general resemblance to the type, but with some differences. It may
be described as follows:
Polypary known only in the form of a fragment of the meshwork; branches
heavy (0.8 mm. wide), parallel, diverging only very slightly, bifurcating cor-
respondingly rarely (the few successive bifurcations visible are 12-20 mm.
apart) ; set 15 or 16 in 25 mm, of width. Dissepiments when unworn probably
FIG. 2.)
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. oA
always heavy (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mm.), though as seen they are sometimes slender,
usually transverse, sometimes oblique. Meshes coarse, rectangular, about 35
mm. or more in length, though occasionally one is seen as short as 1.5-2.5 mm.
Apparently the length may reach 5 or even 6 mm., but in one mesh of this
character two intermediate dissepiments can be made out on close observation.
So that the superficial aspect of the fossil is not to be implicitly trusted.
Careful comparison with the three species (websteri, retiforme, percrassus)
to which this form comes nearest, shows it to be distinct from all; from the
last two it may be known by the absence of the rapid radiation of the polypary.
Horizon and locality—Two specimens in National Museum, both
from the Niagara dolomite, Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype and paratype.—Cat. No. 55299, U.S.N.M.
DICTYONEMA EXPANSUM Spencer.
Dictyonema cxrpansum SpPENcER, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp.
564, 575, 576, pl. 2, fig. 1; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp.
14, 25, 26, pl. 2, fig. 1.—GurRLEy, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 96, 308.
Spencer’s original description is as follows:
Frond flabelliform, composed of slender, expanding, and bifurecating branches,
diffusely arranged, and united laterally by slender filaments (often wanting) ;
branches irregularly striated; texture corneous.
This species is clearly related to D. gracile in the relative size of the branches,
but these are much more diffusely and irregularly arranged, with greater inter-
spaces, which are from two to four times the width of the branches. The
transverse filaments occur less frequently than in D. gracile. Fragments of this
species are not always easily distinguishable from D. gracile, although the
branches are looser and more spreading. The type specimen is 8 cm. high and
about 16 broad, rising from a united base of five or six stipes.
Formation and locality.—Niagara limestones at Hamilton, Ontario.
Doctor Gurley describes a specimen of this species as follows:
There is in all the Hamilton collections but one specimen which I could by
any possibility refer to Spencer’s erpansum. It may be described as follows:
Polypary 120 mm. high and 285 mm. broad; flabelliformly compressed, semi-
circular in outline, consisting proximately of eight parallel branches, and higher
up of numerous branches, which are approximately straight (or with long,
sweeping curves) and subparallel; the extreme lateral ones perpendicular to
the median line of the pclypary, nearly straight, the whole curvature occurring
proximally in a short turn. Width of branches pretty uniformly 0.8 mm., one
being occasionally seen 1 mm. wide. Distally the specimen is so worn that
it is hard to say whether the full width is maintained to the periphery or not,
but a few unworn branches there measure 0.8 mm. The branches are eyery-
where set about 17 in 25 mm. of width. Concerning the number of dissepi-
ments, nothing can be said, the specimen being too much worn. No thece are
visible.
Horizon and locality——One specimen in Spencer’s collection, labeled Dic-
tyonema retiforme, from the Niagara dolomite, Hamilton, Ontario.
I can not say that I feel entire confidence in the identification, but I think
this is Spencer’s species. As above remarked, it is the only one in the collec-
tions which could be erpansum, and it agrees as well with Spencer’s descrip-
on BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tion, and particularly with his figure, as a poorly preserved specimen could
be expected to. VParenthetically, I may say that it seems distinct from all the
(COPIED FROM SPENCER.)
THE ORIGINAL TYPH.
56.—DICTYONEMA EXPANSUM SPENCER.
Fic.
other species at Hamilton. Among its distinctive marks may tentatively be
named: The perpendicularity of the extreme lateral branches of the median
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. ao
line of the polypary, and the restriction of the curvature of the branches within
space toward their proximal end, the approximately straight course o
a short sp
34 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DICTYONEMA FILIRAMUS Gurley, new species.
Gurley’s description of this species is as follows:
Polypary varying from flabelliformly compressed, nearly and regularly semi-
circular, about 25-80 mm. in radius, to flabellate expansions 14 or more cm.
in diameter. Branches straight or uniformly curved, mostly 0.8 mm. wide,
reaching 0.4 mm., especially near the base; set about 40 in 25 mm. (7-9 in
5 mm., the strong radiation }
I
preventing counting for
longer distances.) Bifurca-
tions narrow, tending to
V-shape. Dissepiments ex-
ceedingly fine; rather uni-
formly 1 mm. apart, occa-
sionally two as close together
as 0.5 mm.; quite uniformly
transverse. Meshes quite
regular, rectangular. Too
few thece are visible to per-
mit of any accurate estimate
of their number, but they
seem to be something like
100 or more in 25 mm.
Horizon and locality.—
Not uncommon in_ the
dolomite and chert at Fic, 40.—DICTYONEMA FILIRAMUS, NEW SPECIES, eA
Hamilton Ontario RHABDOSOME OF MEDIUM SIZE.
c * c .
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 55308, U.S.N.M.
DICTYONEMA DESMOIDES Gurley, new species.
Plate 4, figure 3.
Gurley describes this species as follows:
Polypary cyathiform, flabelliformly compressed, tending to spread rather
widely, with branches 0.6 mm. (0.4—0.6 mm.) wide, the central ones usually
straight, or only slightly undulate, the lateral ones diverging moderately, or
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 35
sometimes extremely and often undulate or more or less tortuous, and really or
apparently fusing Desmograptus fashion. In places where the meshwork is
laid down evenly and without distortion there are about 30 branches in 25
mm. of width. Proximally the number may perhaps be somewhat less (say 27).
Distally, especially laterally, where the branches are reflexed, and, in some
places crowded, there may be 35 in 25 mm., a condition perhaps due to distortion.
The interspaces then are, in general, narrower than the branches, and much
narrower distero-laterally, where the latter are crowded. The dissepiments
are heavy (0.2-0.4 mm. thick), and apparently somewhat remote, but the exact
Fics. 41—43.—DIcTYONEMA DESMOIDES, NEW SPECIES. 41, THE HOLOTYPE, A SMAEL BUT
RATHER COMPLETE RHABDOSOME. (By R. R. BASSLER.) (SEE ALSO PL. 4, FIG. 3); 42,
43, PARATYPES. TWO FRAGMENTARY RHABDOSOMES.
distance cannot be stated. Meshes rectangular, elliptic, or irregular. Thecze
Or
obscure, but apparently about 50 in 25 mm.
Horizon and locality.—Niagara chert, Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype-—New York State Museum, Albany, New York.
Paratype.—Cat. No. 55304, U.S.N.M.
DICTYONEMA PERCRASSUS Gurley, new species.
Doctor Gurley’s description is as follows:
Portion of the polypary seen (incomplete proximally) flabellate, radiating
rather rapidly, the width increasing, in one
specimen, in the longitudinal or radial dis-
tance of 30 mm. from 8.5 to 38 mm. and the
branches from 7 to 21. The width thus in-
creases more rapidly than the branches. The
increased space is, however, taken up by the
increased thickness of the branches, which,
in proceeding from the base, rapidly increase
to a width of about 0.8 mm. and at the
periphery may reach 1 mm. Proximally a
few are as narrow as 0.4 mm., but nearly
Fic. 44.-DICTYONEMA PERCRASSUS, all are 0.5 mm., and some measure 0.6 mm.
NEW SPECIES. A FRAGMENTARY Distally the interspaces are quite or very
RHABDOSOME. nearly as wide as the branches, but never
wider. Proximally, however, they are about 14 times as wide as the branches
or (with the narrowest branches) even a little more. Proximally the number
a4
36 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
of branches is about 20 in 25 mm. of width. Distally it ranges from 14 to
17. The dissepiments are not very slender (reaching a width of 0.2 mm.
ad max.), straight or oblique, sometimes two diverging from a common point
of origin on the branch. Length of meshes probably (when all the dissepi-
ments are preserved and visible) not much exceeding 2 mm. The dissepiments
are, in many places, obscure, but seem usually to be 1.5—2.0 mm. apart. Smallest
complete meshes about 1 mm. long. 3ranches obscurely striate. Thecze
invisible.
Horizon and locality.—Glaciated chert beds, Niagara formation, Hamilton,
Ontario.
This species is characterized especially by the very great thickness of its
branches, the general radiating aspect of the polypary, and the small number of
branches transversely.
Fic. 45.—DICTYONEMA PERCRASSUS, NEW SPECIES. RHABDOSOME WITH BASAL ATTACHMENT.
Cotypes.—Collection of Walker Museum, University of Chicago,
No. 13511; Spencer collection.
DICTYONEMA SPENCERI Guley, new species.
Plate 4, figure 1.
Doctor Gurley’s description follows:
Polypary circular or flabelliform, consisting of heavy branches, mostly about
0.8 mm. wide, some as narrow as 0.6 mm., set about 17-20 in the proximal
portion and usually about 20-22 in 25 mm. of width in the peripheral portion
of the polypary, nearly straight, subparallel, with about 4 6r 5 bifurcations in
their course toward the periphery. Dissepiments usually slender, though an
occasional one reaches 0.5 mm., usually 1.5-2 mm. apart, and in many cases
a 5 mm, interval is seen without any trace of an intermediate dissepiment sub-
dividing this long mesh. But in other cases similar long meshes are seen, on
close inspection, to be subdivided by an intermediate dissepiment. Meshes sub-
quadrangular.
Horizon and locality—Five specimens from the Niagara chert, Hamilton,
Ontario.
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 37
This species has the branches slightly thicker and somewhat more numer-
ous than in D. retiforme, which it most resembles. It is therefore a closer form
than retiforme, the interspaces usually tending to be narrower, or at least not
wider than the branches, especially distally, where, on the contrary, in D.
retiforme, the tendency is for the interspaces to be, relatively to the branches,
f
Fic. 46.—DiIcTYONEMA SPENCERI, NEW SPECIES. HOLOTYPE. (SEE ALSO PL. 4, Fic. 1.)
widest, this condition resulting from a tendency of its branches to spread too
rapidly for bifurcation to keep pace with the spreading. This of course shows
in the number of branches in 25 mm. of width, which at the periphery of D.
retiforme tends to sink to say 15.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 55301, U.S.M.A.
DICTYONEMA PARALLELUM Gurley, new species.
Plate 4, figure 2.
The description by Gurley is as follows:
Polypary originating from a fibrous root; consisting of
vigid, wiry, parallel, little-diverging branches, mostly 0.4
mm. wide, but reaching 0.6 mm, in the proximal portion;
set 35-40 transversely in 25 mm. Meshes correspondingly
narrow, being usually about one-half as wide (but, from
slight curving of the branches, may for short distances be
Fic. 47.—Dicryo- as wide) as the branches. Bifurcations not numerous.
NEMA PARALLELUM, 3ranches connected laterally both by slender, transverse
NEW SPECIES.
HOLOTYPE. (SEE
Atso Pu. 4, ric. 2.) — dermis; the latter about as wide as the branches. Judg-
ing from the few seen, the dissepiments are about 2.5 mm.
apart, but this may easily be erroneous, as intermediate ones may have been
dissepiments, and in places by transverse bands of epi-
destroyed. The epidermis over the branches is in several places crossed by
transverse lines which probably mark the position of thecee. These lines are
approximately half a millimeter apart (corresponding to about 50 thece
1M 2a TM.)
This species is easily recognizable by the rigid, wiry branches, very thickly
set, with correspondingly narrow (nearly obliterated) meshes.
38 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Horizon and locality —Niagara dolomite, Hamilton, Ontario.
Collector, Col. C. C. Grant. 5
Holotype.—Collection of Walker Museum, University of Chicago,
No. 13505.
Genus CALYPTOGRAPTUS Spencer.
Calyptograpsus SpeNcerR, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, p. 458.
Calyptograptus, LAPworTH, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVIT,
1881, p. 173.—SpPencrErR, Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., XX XI, 1883, p. 364;
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 562, 577; Bull. Mus. Univ.
State Missouri, I, No. 1, 1884, p. 27.—MIL.LER, North Amer. Geol. and
Pal., 1889, p. 175.—GurLEy, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 938, 308.—RUEDE-
MANN, New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 163.
Doctor Ruedemann® publishes the following on this genus:
Spencer has erected the genus Calyptograptus for several species of the Ni-
agaran of Hamilton, Ontario, which are principally distinguished from the
similar genera, notably Dictyonema and Callograptus by the absence of trans-
verse dissepiments. In the first diagnosis it is stated that “in appearance and
texture this genus resembles Dictyonema, but the branches are [apparently] all
independent, not being connected by transverse dissepiments as in that genus
and are only united in one mass at the root” [although some of the branches
touching each other have occasionally all the appearance of connecting fila-
ments]. This statement has later (1884) been qualified by the same author by
the additions here placed in brackets, both of which tend to admit the occasional
presence of dissepiments. The absence of the dissepiments and the independ-
ence of the branches down to the root, which may be considered as additional
diagnostic characters of the genus, find their strictest expression in C. cyathi-
formis the form which is cited as,the genotype by Miller [N. Am. Geol. and
Pal.'1889, p. 175.]
CALYPTOGRAPTUS CYATHIFORMIS Spencer.
Calyptograptus cyathiformis Spencer, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, pp. 458,
460: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 564, 578, pl. 3, fig. 3;
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 83—MILLER,
North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 175, fig. 145.—GuRLEy, Journ.
Geol., 1896, pp. 93, 308.
The following is Doctor Spencer’s original description, the brack-
eted portions being taken from his description published in 1884:
Frond eyathiform, with numerous bifurcating branches, united only at the
base, with no lateral processes; the axis consists of a black corneous substance,
which is striated longitudinally. The fallen frond has some of the branches
overlying each other, forming a coarse [giving somewhat the appearance of an
irregular] network. The radicle consists of a well-marked, thick, corneous
mass.
The branches are about three-hundredths of an inch in breadth [rather over a
millimeter]. The specimen under consideration is most interesting. When
@New York State Mus., Memoir 11, 1908, p. 163.
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 39
obtained the frond had a general flabellate form with the radicle well marked,
having branches radiating to nearly a semicircle; but on trimming the speci-
men the portion of the stem with radicle was chipped off and revealed the
remainder of a beautiful frond which was now shown to be circular—[the
frond having been bent partly over in the mud, and having the lower portion
covered before the whole was flattened in the sediment] thus proving the
funnel-shaped character when
living. This fossil is 25 inches
in diameter, and from the
base of the root to the top of
the branches it measures 1
inch and a half.
It occurs in the Niagara
limestone [beneath the chert
at the * Jolly Cut ”’] at Hamil-
ton, Ontario.
The description of 188+
also adds that the branches
are divided into two or
three small terminations
which probably mark the
besimining of new
branches, and that only
one specimen, 6 em. in Fic. 48.—CAtyproGRaPTUS CYATHIFORMIS SPENCER.
diameter, and 4 em. from pe Rape gee ce
the base of the root to the top of the branches, was found. No
additional specimens were noted in the more recent collections, so
the species is undoubtedly very rare.
CALYPTOGRAPTUS MICRONEMATODES Spencer.
Calyptograptus micronematodes SPENCER,
Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen
nudum; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, LV,
1884, pp. 564, 579, 588, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a;
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I,
1884. pp. 14, 29, 38, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a.
Calyptograpsus micronematodes GuURLEY,
Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 93, 308.
The original description is as follows:
Frond cyathiform in its growing state, with
numerous lateral branches originating from the
older stipes. The branches overlie each other,
Fig, 49.—CALYProGRaPTUS MI- and may be united in some cases, but without
CRONEMATODES SPENCER. Copy
= true crossbars. The whole frond has an anas-
OF SPENCER’S FIGURE.
tomose appearance with irregular rhomboidal]
interstices. The texture is corneous (though sometimes replaced by pyrites,
and the surface is marked with longitudinal striations, which in some places
$2651—Bull. 65—09——4.
40 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
appear to represent the position of a solid central axis. The terminations of the
branches end in two or three points. The branches in this species are very
delicate being about a quarter of a millimeter broad, and each branch is not
Fig. 50.—CALYPTOGRAPTUS
MICRONEMATODES SPEN-
CER. PLESIOTYPE
SPENCER COLLECTION
IN
more than from 1 to 2 millimeters in length, before it
overlaps or touches the adjacent stipe. The greatest
diameter of the frond is not more than 4 em. Only
two or three specimens of this beautiful little frond
have been obtained.
Formation and locality.—I obtained this species,
near the base of the Niagara dolomite, at a quarry
just west of the ‘* Jolly-cut-road,” Hamilton, Ontario.
A single specimen of this species, repre-
sented in figure 50, is at present extant in
the Spencer collection. It does not permit of
any substantial addition to the above descrip-
tion. The branches show some _ longitudi-
nal chitinous striz, but there are no indica-
tions of thece or dissepiments.
CALYPTOGRAPTUS ? RADIATUS Spencer.
Calyptograptus ? radiatus Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen
nudum; Trans, Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 564, 580, pl. 4, fig. 3;
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 14, 30, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Calyptograpsus radiatus GuRLEY, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 93, 308.
The original description is as follows:
Frond ellipsoid, but cyathiform in its growing state. Numerous delicate
branches, with two or three bifurcations, radiating from a
common radicle. Some of these touch or overlie each other,
but they are quite unconnected. The texture is corneous,
with the surface striated and marked with minute depres-
sions or pits, which indicate the former position of the cel-
lule. These depressions are about the fourth of a millimeter
in diameter, with an equal space between. The branches are
about one-third of a millimeter broad. The greatest diame-
ter of the frond is less than 3 cm. Fragments of this species
so resemble species of Callograptus that they could not
be readily distinguished ; but in no species of the latter genus
is the conspicuous funnel form apparent.
Trormation and locality.—This fossil occurs in the “cherty beds” of the
Niagara dolomite at: Hamilton, Ontario.
Subgenus RHIZOGRAPTUS Spencer.
I'1g.51.—CALyptTo-
GRAPTUS ? RADI-
ATUS SPENCER.
Copy OF SPEN-
CER’S FIGURE.
Rhizograpsus SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, p. 460.—Gur.Lry, Journ.
Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 101, 308.
Rhizograptus LAPworTH, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. London, XXXVIT, 1881,
p. 176.—Spencer, Proc. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., XXXI, 1883, p. 364;
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 562, 580; Bull. Mus. Univ.
State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 30.—MILLER, North Amer. Geol. and Pal.,
1889, p. 202.
i.
ee ee ee ee ee eee
et
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 41
Below is given Doctor Spencer’s original description, with addi-
tional characters, as published by him in 1884, placed in brackets.
Frond flabellate, but cyathiform in growing state; bifurcating branches with
dichotomous terminations; [stem terminating in a well-marked bulb]; branches
(marked with strie) more or less reticulated, and united, or overlaid by others.
This genus is established on account of its bulbous root, which as yet has been
found in no other species of this family. The numerous branches closely overlie
each other or are connected in the form of a network without transverse dis-
sepiments, as in Dictyonema. Fragments of these somewhat resemble species
of Calyptograptus, but have a much more [regularly] netted appearance and
the branches are much more delicate.
Genotype—Rhizograptus bulbosus Spencer.
RHIZOGRAPTUS BULBOSUS Spencer.
Rhizograpsus bulbosus SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, p. 460.—Gur.Lry,
Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 101, 308.
Rhizograptus bulbosus Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, p.
580, pl. 4, fig. 4;. Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 30, pl. 4,
fig. 4—MiILier, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 202, text fig. 215.
The original description is as follows:
Frond cyathiform in growing state; numerous
bifurcating branches overlie each other, or are
united at points of contact to form a network,
with fine, more or less irregular, rhomboidal in-
terstices. The branches unite at base into a
slender axis which terminates in a bulbous root.
The branches are usually less than one-fiftieth
of an inch wide, and in some specimens short
abrupt spinelike branchlets are given off. The
texture is corneous. Only a few specimens have
been obtained, except in fragments. Frond is
about 2 inches high. It was first found by
Colonel Grant in the Niagara limestones [near
the base of the ‘* chert bed” at the * Jolly-cut ” ;
1884] at Hamilton, Ontario.
k Fic. 52.—RHIZOGRAPTUS BULBO-
Doctor Gurley’s notes on this species are —-8US SPENCER. THE TyPE-SPHC-
oulp E IMEN. (AFTER SPENCER.)
as follows:
The description of 1884 adds that the axis is athecaphorous; that the strice
along the branches (which vary in thickness from 0.25 to 0.3838 mm.) appear
to mark the depressions of the common canal between the original positions of
the polypites; that the thecal apertures have an ellipsoid form, and there are
about 4 orifices in 1 mm.; and that on the side of the branch opposite the
thece is a “ solid axis.”
After a careful examination of Rhizograptus bulbosus, in which the pseudo-
meshwork is well preserved, I can find no criteria to justify its generic dis-
tinction from the Calyptograptus series, now that the basal ‘*‘ disk” has been
found in the latter. While I would provisionally recognize Rhizograptus as a
subgenus, I can not define it, and I think it probable that further study of large
collections will lead to its entire suppression. The only difference I can see is
a somewhat different aspect of the branches, which seem of a more rigid tex-
ture, more knotty and zigzag-flexuous than any of the Calyptograptus species,
42 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Genus ODONTOCAULIS Lapworth.
Odontocaulis LAPWoRTH, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVII, 1881,
p. 175.—Pocta, Syst. Sil. Centre Boheme, VIII, Pt. 1, 1894, p. 171.—
RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 172.
Doctor Gurley remarks on Odontocaulis as follows:
This genus was thus established by Lapworth for forms which virtually com-
bined two characters: (1) Absence of dissepiments, and (2) a polypiferous
stem. Its only distinction from Dictyonema and Callograptus lay in these two
features. But in O. occidentalis we find dissepiments along with the polypifer-
ous stem. Whence there is now no generic distinction whatever between these
two Odontocaulis species and the Callograptus species at the same horizon,
except the single one of the thece on the stem. But it is not at all improbable
that this is merely a question of better preservation, well-preserved stems being
thecate. At least, of the two specimens of O. occidentalis, both showing the
stem, one shows thece perfectly, the other only very obscurely.
Having said this, however, a contingency may properly be noted. May it
be possible that all the Callograpti at this horizon have thecate stems (in
other words, all be referable to Odontocaulis) ? There is, I think, some ground
for such a surmise. As Holm has said for Dictyonema, so now for Callograp-
ius, the very great geologic range of the genus is a reason for suspecting the
validity of the generic reference of the species. May it not then be possible
that, compelled as we are for the most part to deal with and to base our
species upon fragments of the meshwork, we are confounding two series; say,
for illustration,“ a series lower Ordovician (Calciferous) in distribution, and
a series upper Silurian (Niagara) in distribution, both sehies agreeing in type
of meshwork (probably a character of subordinate biologic value), but differ-
ing in characters of the base, At present there is nothing to negative such a
view. Until we know the proximal portion of the type species (C. salteri) this
reasoning must, of course, remain purely a possibility. But in a review like
the present a clear outlining of future possibilities may be justifiable. Cer-
tainly only under some such condition, it seems to me, would Odontocaulis
stand much chance of ultimate retention. Its provisional retention I think
advisable, pending a fuller knowledge of the condition of the base in the
remaining Niagara Callograptus species. At present its most distinctive char-
acters seem to be: Polypary arising from a single stem, which is expanded
proximally into a “ disk,” and is thecaphorous along one side; distal branches
more or less connected by dissepiments,
Genotype—Odontocaulis keeping Lapworth. Llandovery, of Devils
Bridge, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire.
ODONTOCAULIS GRANTI (Spencer).
Callograptus granti SreNcerR, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen nudum ;
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 564, 571, 572, pl. 1, fig. 10:
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 14, 21, 22, pl. 1, fig. 10.—
JURLEY, Journ. Geol., FV, 1896, pp. 98, 308.
The original description is as follows:
Frond originating from a single stipe; branches slender, and bifureating
two, three, or four times, and principally originating near the common radicle.
“Yor illustration only, and as a pure surmise of the possibilities of the case,—
R. R. Gurley.
NN
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 43
In spreading gently above in undulations the branches are more or less parallel
and situated closely together, and are connected occasionally with exceeding
fine transverse bars. The texture is corneous, with the
surface obliquely striated and marked with ellipsoid pits,
which in some places indicate the orifices of the cells, of
which there were about two for every millimeter of
length of branch. The branches are rarely connected
by minute crossbars.
The general outline is that of a regular oval form,
whose length, in the most perfect specimens, is 3 em. (be-
sides the common stipe, which extends another centi-
meter), and breadth, 2 cm. The branches are not more
than a quarter of a millimeter broad, while the stipe is jy, Re SOG MTS
about double that thickness. GRANTI (SPENCER). A
This exceedingly beautiful frond in general appear- RHABDOSOME AND A
BRANCH OF SAME EN-
LARGED. (AFTER SPEN-
CER. )
ance closely resembles C. salteri of the Quebec group
but somewhat smaller, though there is some variation
in the size of this species.
Formation and locality.—This species occurs on the shaly surfaces of the
Niagara dolomites at Hamilton, Ontario.
Gurley’s notes are as follows:
Of this species five specimens, certainly conspecific, were
seen. The one figured in text figure 54 differs slightly from
Spencer’s figure in having the branches somewhat more
closely arranged, but in spite of this the identification seems
to me almost certain. This specimen has about 50-55
branches in 25 mm. of width. The branches are about 0.25
mm. wide. The dissepiments would seem to have been some-
what numerous; being very delicate, however, most of them
Pic. 54.—OpoNTO- are covered or destroyed.
eee aan A One specimen in the Spencer collection shows the basal
INCoMpLEerR Stem and the proximal portion of the polypary. Dissepiments
RHABDOSOME. are present. The basal stem bears two distinct thee at its
summit and obscure indications of them below. It is some-
what expanded at its lower end, appearing as though beginning to expand into
a “disk.” C. granti then belongs to the Odontocaulis sec-
tion, whatever may ultimately prove to be the taxonomic
rank of that section.
Horizon and locality.—Five specimens: One in Spencer
collection, one in New York state collection, and three in
U. S. National Museum collection; all five from the Niag-
ara formation, Hamilton, Ontario.
Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 55305, U.S.N.M.
ODONTOCAULIS OBPYRIFORMIS Gurley, new species.
This new species is based on a single specimen in !!8-55.—Opontocav-
x i - oe LIS OBPYRIFORMIS,
the Spencer collection, and is described by Gurley yew species.
as follows: VIEW OF THE HOLO-
TYPE SHOWING
Polypary pyriform, broad end distal, 22 mm. long by 15 RHABDOSOME AND
mm. broad, arising from a theeate stem extending about STEM RREARGHD.
2.5 mm. below the meshwork and there broken off; bearing three thee», intro-
verted somewhat as in the Dicranograptide. Reticular portion of the polypary,
44 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
arising at summit of stems by dichotomy, the branches likewise dichotomizing,
the total number of divisions, including the primary, being five or six. In
form they are U-shaped. Branches 0.8 mm. wide throughout, except at the
extreme base where 4.0 mm. is reached. Peduncle 0.6 mm. wide. Branches set
in the proportion of 27 in 25 mm. Dissepiments fairly numerous, being, in some
places, as close together as 1 mm.
Horizon and locality—One specimen from the Niagaran chert,
Hamilton, Ontario.
ODONTOCAULIS OCCIDENTALIS Gurley, new species.
Gurley’s description and remarks upon this new species are as
follows:
Polypary pedunculate-cyathiform showing in both specimens an under layer
separated by a “cliff” of rock from and exactly corresponding to the upper
layer, as in Dictyonema, originating in a stem plainly thecaphorous, but not
preserved as far down as the disk, with a virgula (7)° 0.2 mm. wide. Stem
O.S mm. wide to the apices of the thecz; 0.6 mm. to the bottom
of the depressions. Greatest height seen 88 mm., of which the
stem takes up 11. Thece 40 in 25 mm. Polypary spreading
Wy at once unilaterally, almost rectangularly, from the summit
Y, of the stem and a little higher up for about 30° to the other
Y side. Branches 0.4 mm. in diameter, flexuous, set rather dis-
tantly and quite variably, but mostly about 25 in 25 mm.
Dissepiments present, but few and remote. Thece visible in
few places on branches.
Besides the above characters, the figured specimen shows the
basal disk, the initial dichotomous division at the summit of
Te. RE apo the stem, dissepiments, and the cyathiform character of the
TocauLIs oc- POlypary, the lower layer being visible underlying a “cliff”
CIDENTAL- Of rock. On the stem I think I can trace thece, but they are
IS, NEW SPE- too obscure to speak certainly.
CIES. A RATH-
ER COMPLETE Horizon and locality—Niagara chert, Hamilton,
RHABDOSOME. Ontario
Cc .
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 55306, U.S.N.M.; Walker Museum, University
of Chicago, No. 13514.
Genus CYCLOGRAPTUS Spencer:
Cyclograptus Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen nudum;
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XX XI, 1883, p. 865; Trans. Acad. Sci. St.
Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 563, 592; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884,
p. 42.—Mitier, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 182.—GuURLEY,
Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 94, 8309.—RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus.,
Mem. 11, 1908, p. 182.
“Tt certainly bears some appearance of being a true virgula. Were the
stem alone and the rock stated to be Lower Silurian, no one would hesitate to
pronounce it a virgula. But as this is the only case in these Upper Silurian
Dendroidea where I have seen any close resemblance to a virgula, doubt is but
natural.—R. R. Gurley.
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 45
Spencer’s description of this genus is as follows:
In this genus, the frond consists of a circular disk which was probably cup-
shaped in its growing form, though flattened in a concave manner in the rock.
From the radicle many stipes radiate through the noncelluliferous disk to its
margin, and thence in a free manner to some distance beyond. The whole
frond resembles a solid wheel, where the radiating spokes extend from the center
regularly to beyond the circumference. The branches beyond the disk are cellu-
liferous. The stipes have a central solid axis. The substance is highly
corneous, though in some places replaced by pyrites.
Doctor Ruedemann has reviewed this genus in his monograph, to
which the reader is referred for comparisons between this and related
genera.
Genotype.—C yclograptus rotadentatus Spencer.
CYCLOGRAPTUS ROTADENTATUS Spencer.
Cyclograptus rotadentatus SPENCER, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen
nudum; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 565, 592, 593, pl. 6,
figs. 6, 6a; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 15, 42, 48, pl. 6,
figs. 6, 6a.—MILLER, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 182, text
fig. 162—Gur.LEy, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 94, 309.—RUEDEMANN,
New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 184, pl. 2, fig. 5.
Doctor Spencer’s original description is
given below:
Frond circular, with numerous stipes radiating
from a common center and projecting like a toothed
wheel beyond the margin of a noncelluliferous disk.
The frond was probably cup-
shaped when growing, with
the stipes projecting upward aye
: 2 FiG. 57.—CYCLOGRAPTUS ROTA-
like a row of spines or tent- DENTATUS SPENCER. COPY
acles, but in the rock the fos- OF SPENCER’S FIGURE.
sil is flattened and slightly
convex. The stipes originate. in the center and are con-
nected about half their length by their continuous non-
EE eee CROC ORR AE: celluliferous membrane. Each stipes after passing beyond
TUS RoTADENTaTUs their solid disk divide into two branches about halfway
Spencer. A LArGe between their extremities and the margin of the disk.
SPECIMEN FROM THE The branches or stipes are traversed by a central cylin-
CLINTON GROUP, ; - zr ;
CLINTON, N.Y. (AF. drical, smooth, solid axis surrounded by their common
TER RUEDEMANN). canal, which is sometimes only represented by a central
depression or elevation, but occasionally its form-is well
preserved. The rarely indicated cell openings are represented by minute oval
depressions in the substance. The texture is highly corneous. (or replaced by
pyrites).
The diameter of the frond is 2 em., and of the disk 1 em.; the radiating
branches extend half a centimeter beyond the disk, and number between 25 and
30, but, as each is divided, the frond is surrounded by about 60 points. The
branches (both through the disk and free portion) are rather over half a milli-
meter broad, but the terminals are scarcely more than half that thickness and
end in sharp points,
46 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Formation and locality.—This perfect little species was found in the dolomite
of the Niagara formation proper, near the base of the series, at the quarry just
west of the “ Jolly-cut” road at Hamilton, Ontario.
Doctor Ruedemann has recently figured a specimen referred to this
species, found in the upper part of the Clinton, at Clinton, N. Y.
(See text, fig. 58.) Except in the matter of size, this example does not
differ from the original type.
Genus INOCAULIS Hall.
Inocaulis Hatt, Amer. Journ. Sci. (2), XI, 1851, p. 401; Nat. Hist. New
York, Pal., II, 1852, p. 176; 20th Rep. New York State Cab. Hist., 1868,
p. 218 (rey. ed., 1868 [1870], p. 252).—NicnoLtson, Mon. Brit. Grapto-
litidz, 1872, p. 181.—Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884,
pp. 562, 588; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 338.—MUILLEr,
North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 193.—JameEs, Journ. Cincinnati
Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, Pt. 2, 1892, p. 161.—Pocra, Syst. Sil. Centre Bo-
heme, VIII, Pt. 1, 1894, p. 197.—ELLES and Woop, Mon. Brit. Grapto-
lites, Pal. Soe., 1903, p. xxxiv—RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus.,
Mem. 11, 1908, p. 185.
Hall’s original description of this genus is as follows:
A plantlike, corneous coral, with numerous bifurcating branches; structure
fibrous or plumose.
The texture of this coral is similar to the Graptolites, a black scaly crust or
film being all that remains of the substance. From the specimens examined, it
appears to have grown in groups, with rounded or flattened stems, which are
dichotomous above and more or less spreading. The structure is too peculiar
to be mistaken or to be referred to any established genus.
Genotype.—Inocaulis plumulosus Hall. Niagaran of New York
and Canada.
The characters of both the genus and its type species have been
discussed by Doctor Ruedemann in his monograph.
INOCAULIS PLUMULOSUS Hall.
- ” 9 Hatt, Rep. Surv. 4th Geol. Dist. New York, 1848, p.
AGS heed:
Inocaulis plumulosa Hatt, Nat. Hist. New York, Pal. II, 1852, p. 176, pl.
40G, figs. 2a, 2b; Geol. Surv. Canada, Can. Org. Rem., Decade 2, 1865, p.
18, fig. 26; 20th Rep. New York State Cab. Hist., 1868, p. 185, text fig.
28 (rev. ed., 1868 [1870], p. 215, text fig. 28).—NicHoLson, Mon. Brit.
Graptolitidz, 1872, p. 132, text fig. 73.
Inocaulis plumulosus Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, p. 584,
pl. 5, fig. 1; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 34, pl. 5, fig.
1.—MILLER, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 198, text fig. 183.—
RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 188, pl. 2, fig. 4;
pl. T, figs: 25-2.
-n 7 4 2} (a 8S Ale eet een, 0b
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 47
Doctor Gurley’s manuscript contains an elaborate description of
this species, but the description and remarks published by Doctor
Ruedemann are more to the point and are reproduced below:
Hall has given the following diagnosis of this species:
Stems flattened, dichotomous; structure fibrous or plumulose, apparently
composed of imbricating elongated scales or fibers which spread equally on
all sides.
This coral is not abundant, though small fragments are frequently seen
in the slab. It is very often replaced by iron pyrites, and where the surface
Fie. 59.—INOCAULIS PLUMULOSUS HALL. A RATHER COMPLETE RHABDOSOME.
is exposed to weathering, the fossil soon disappears so that it is only on
freshly fractured surfaces that the structure is preserved.
It is cited as occurring in the ‘* Niagara shale at Lockport, Rochester,
and other places.”
Spencer has recorded the form from the Niagaran limestone at Hamilton,
Ontario.
48 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Gurley, in his manuscript, adds to the descriptions of Hall and Spencer in
the following note:
Two specimens from the Niagara formation, at Hamilton, Ontario, are
figured, showing the blunt toothlike bodies and the apparently dentate mar-
gin. While the appearance much resembles thece, it is impossible to make
a positive statement on the material available.
From a fairly large series of good specimens we derive the following data
on this important species:
The rhabdosome is arborescent in form; the branches divide dichotomously
at irregular intervals, forming initial angles of 50°-60° but becoming later
subparallel; of large dimensions (maximal length of largest fragment observed
14 em., width of another 17 cm.), the stem near base 5 mm. thick, the branches
quite uniformly 38 mm. The branches diminish hardly toward the distal ex-
Fics. 60—62.—INocAULIS’ PLUMULOSUS HALL. 60, PORTION OF A BRANCH, X 5; 61,
DISTAL PORTION OF BRANCHES SHOWING TUBULAR BRANCHLETS AND IMPRESSIONS OF
THEIR APERTURES; 62, TERMINAL PORTION OF A BRANCH.
tremities which are bluntly rounded. The stem is apparently smooth, the
branches are thickly set with short tubular processes which project about 1
mm. from the body of the branch, are of uniform width, directed upward and
distally slightly bent backward and number, counted along the margin, about
14 in 10 mm. On specimens where the body of the branch has weathered away,
exposing the apertures of the reverse side, they are seen to be distributed about
equally over the whole branch, being approximately arranged in quincunx and
numbering about five in the width of the stem. At the extremities of the
branch they form dense tufts.
Remarks.—The general habitus of 7. plumulosa can be best described by a
comparison with a Lepidodendron or a Lycopodium; it not only resembles
these plants in the mode of its branching and the uniformly wide, blunt ending
branches, but also in their scaly appearance.
Hall’s original and later improved figures give a good conception of the gen-
eral appearance of the form. A more complete specimen from the Lockport
{
:
{
andes
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 49
limestone at Hamilton is here reproduced in text figure 98 [59] by a pen
drawing made under Gurley’s supervision. In Plate II, figure 4 [text fig. 61]
a portion of the same specimen which is partly weathered has been refigured
to show the thece. Where in unweathered specimens the perisark is partly
broken away [as in text fig. 60], the circular sections of the composing tubes
ean be seen and the whole branch is found to be composed of apparently equal
tubes.
The rhabdosome, when more complete than in the specimens hitherto men-
tioned, forms a dense mass of overlapping branches, which on account of the
frequent dichotomies and later reapproachments of the branches assumes to
some extent the aspect of a huge Desmograptus.
We have been unable to see in any of our or Spencer’s rhabdosomes the
central axis which he asserts to have observed in a number of specimens, and
we doubt, from the general structure of this form, that such a thing as a
central axis existed.
Horizon and locality —The type is from the Niagara shale of New
York, and the specimen here figured (text fig. 59) from the same
horizon at Hamilton, Ontario.
Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 54281, U.S.N.M.
INOCAULIS RAMULOSUS Spencer.
Inocaulis ramulosa SPENCER, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen nudum.
Inocaulis ramulosus Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp.
565, 588, 589, pl. 6, fig. 1; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884,
pp. 15, 38, 39, pl. 6, fig. 1—GurRtry, Journ. Geol., [V, 1896, pp. 99, 309.
Fic. 63.—INOCAULIS RAMULOSUS SPENCER. COPY OF SPENCER’S FIGURE.
The original description by Spencer is as follows:
Frond consisting of numerous flattened bifurcating branches, originating
in and radiating from a common radicle, composed of solid chitinous matter ;
50 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
branches averaging 2 mm. in breadth for the larger and 1 mm, for the smalle1,
toward the margin of the frond, where the branchlets end in two (sometimes
three) extensions of unequal thickness. Texture corneous, with the surface
composed of scaly fibers. ixtending longitudinally through the stipes are
central or subcentral elevations (sometimes depressions), indicating a solid
central axis.
This species is described on two specimens, one of which shows the origin
and base of the radiating branches, and the other the general frond, although
the radicle is concealed. The extreme width of the typical specimen is 14
cm., and the height 8 cm.
In general form this spe-
cies differs from J. plumulo-
sus in that the branches are
more slender and rise regu-
larly and more abundantly
from the sides of the main
stipes, which radiate from a
common origin and do not
consist of groups of individ-
ual fronds. The radicle ap-
pears to have been attached
to some rocky surface in
the sea, and not to have
grown on some muddy bot-
tom. The cell-bearing stipes
appear to have had a com-
mon canal, through the cen-
ter of which was a central
solid axis, as is also indi-
cated in J. cervicornis.
Formation and locality.—
These specimens were ob-
tained in the shaly dolomites, below the “ chert beds” of the Niagara formation
at the “ Jolly-cut,’” Hamilton, Ontario.
Fic. 64.—INOCAULIS RAMULOSUS SPENCER. SPECIMEN
IN U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Doctor Gurley’s notes are as follows:
Polypary, in the single specimen seen, rising from a stem which gives off, in
the proximal half of the portion visible, very few branches which, moreover,
do not rebranch into a bushlike form, the bushlike branching occurring only
in the distal half of the polypary. The only proximal branch distinctly seen
bears a close spike of straplike processes (abortive branchlets?). Distally the
polypary branches out bushlike, the main branches about 1 mm. thick. At or
near the summit the branches subdivide into 2 or 8, usually unequal or sub-
equal, terminal twiglets. The sides of the branches are usually slightly fringed ;
the processes hairlike, few and remote’
The stems of this species remotely resemble those of Acanthograptus granti, but
they are much more remotely and much more finely fringed, and in its ensemble
this species has the branches less rigid and parallel than has A. granti.
Horizon and locality—Niagaran (Lockport), Hamilton, Ontario.
Plesiotype.—Cat. No. 55814, U.S.N.M.
ee eS ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 5
INOCAULIS CERVICORNIS Spencer.
Inocaulis cervicornis SPENCER, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen
nudum; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 565, 587, pl. 5, fig. 5;
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 15, 87, pl. 5.—GuRLEy,
Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 99, 308.
The original description is as follows:
Frond consisting of stipes having a common origin and rising above into a
few stout, widely extended, bifurcating branches, averaging from 1.5 to
2 mm. in breadth, and terminating in
dichotomous points of equal thick-
ness; texture corneous, with a striated
surface.
Owing to the striations the appear-
ance of the surface is that of rough
scales or fibers, somewhat resembling
the exterior portion of J. plumu-
losus. In the growing state the
branches appear to have _ been
strengthened by longitudinal fibers—
solid corrugations—and the cells to
have been arranged vertically between FIG. 65.—INOCAULIS CERVICORNIS SPENCER.
Copy OF SPENCER’S FIGURE.
them.
ing on both sides of the principal stipe at frequent irregular intervals, and
dividing near their terminations into two stout branchlets (from 2 to i em:
52 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
long), each ending in dichotomous free points. Texture corneous, with a sur-
face apparently composed of scaly fibers.
Of this species the fossils are not very well preserved. There is some indica-
tion of a central axis. This species is easily distinguished from J. plumulosus
by the close, regularly arranged, parallel branches from each side of the princi-
pal stipes and by their terminal branches. The fronds appear to have grown
in groups, but whether they are connected at the base or not is unknown. If not
connected, the individual fronds (in the specimens under consideration) are
about 4 em. high and 3 broad, with from 38 to 5 principal branches on either
side of the central stipe (the branches are more numerous on one side than the
other). The character of the cellules is unknown.
Formation and locality.—Inocaulis phycoides occurs in the dolomitic lime-
stones of the Niagara formation at the * Jolly-cut ” quarries, Hamilton, Ontario.
A specimen doubtfully referred to this species occurs in the Na-
tional Museum collections, but shows nothing in addition to the above.
INOCAULIS DIFFUSUS Spencer.
Inocaulis diffusa Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen nudum.
Inocaulis diffusus Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 565,
586, 587, pl. 5, fig. 4; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 15,
36, 37, pl. 5, fig. 4.—Guriry, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 99, 308.
This species was described by Spencer as follows:
Frond originating in a single stipe at base, and rising above in numerous
widely extended branches averaging about a millimeter in breadth, with dicho-
tomous terminations; branchlets origi-
\ 1h nating more frequently on one side
) r than on the other. Texture corneous,
with surface more or less regularly
striated, leaving in some places small
oval impressions (probably the ori-
fices of the cellules).
Of this species I have seen only
one good specimen (and two inferior
fragments which probably belong
here). The frond is 6 cm. high and
of still greater breadth. One of the
branchlets of the dichotomous termi-
nation is much more slender than
the other (a sort of lateral pustule),
indicating probably the commencement
of the growth of a new branch.
The general form of this species
is like J. bellus (Hall and Whitfield),
but it is much larger in size, having
more diffused branches, with an en-
tire absence of prong-like processes
from its sides.
Formation and locality.—The type
of this species was obtained by Colonel Grant, near the base of the “ cherty
bed” at the “ Jolly-cut,”’ Hamilton, Ontario, in the Niagara dolomite.
Fig. 67.—INOCAULIS DIFFUSUS SPENCER.
Copy OF SFENCER’S FIGURE.
a a es ee ee ee ee eS ee
Perc! Cee ee
~
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 53
Doctor Gurley has the following notes based upon a specimen (text
fig. 68) referred to this species by him:
The (fragmentary) polypary consists of a main stem the sides of which are
beset with spinular processes similar to those found in
Inocaulis. The branching is at an acute angle (about
35°). The main stem is about 0.8 mm. wide. The
spinular processes are 0.5-0.6 mm. apart (too few are
visible to state the number in 25 mm.). Besides these
processes two others of a different character, 1 mm.
long, are visible. They belong to the class regarded
by Spencer as rudimentary branchlets. Both stem
and branches are longitudinally striate, many distinct
chitinous fibers being visible.
Horizon and locality—Niagara limestone
IIc. 68.—INOCAULIS DIF-
FUSUS SPENCER. SPECI-
and chert, Hamilton, Ontario. MEN DESCRIBED BY GUR-
Plesioty pe.—Cat. No. 55315, U.S.N.M. LEY.
INOCAULIS DIFFUSUS CRASSIRAMUS Gurley, new variety.
Plate 5, figure 2.
Fic. 69.—INOCAULIS DIFFUSUS CRASSIRAMUS, NEW VARIETY. HOLOTYPE.
One specimen, which, judging from Spencer's figure and descrip-
tion, seems to have the habit of J. diffusus, is described by Gurley as
a variety as follows:
Polypary consisting of numerous branches not widely radiating, 2 mm. wide
ad maz.; the smallest seen about 1 mm. wide; longitudinally striated by very
54 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
fine fibers; showing on the margins some blunt triangular processes, about 0.5
mm. wide and projecting about 0.5 mm. from the stem and about 1 mm. apart.
Fiom the present material it would seem as though these processes form a
somewhat less prominent feature than in J. diffusus and in I. walkeri, but this
is somewhat doubtful.
The principal difference between this variety and J. diffusus proper is the
considerably greater thickness of the branches and the lesser prominence of the
lateral blunt spines. The latter feature, however, may be a condition of
preservation, and the former distinction may possibly be obliterated by a
larger series of specimens.
FHlorizon and locality—Niagara dolomite (blue building bed),
Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype-—Walker Museum, University of
Chicago, No. 13507.
INOCAULIS CONGREGATUS Gurley, new species.
A single specimen in the collection of the
Walker Museum is the basis of this species,
described by Gurley as follows:
Polypary consisting of a number (about S in the
type-specimen) of approximated and parallel stems,
which are set 20 in 25 mm, transversely, and are
simple for about 25 mm. Several bifurcate at this
Fic. 70.—INOCAULIS CON- level; the central ones, however, bifurcate about 10
GREGATUS, NEW SPE- mm. higher up. Thickness of main stem about 1-1.2
cCIns. HOLOTYPE. a i
mm.; of branches nearly the same (about 1 mm.).
Thece obscure, the margins of the branches obscurely subserrate.
Horizon and locality—Niagaran formation, Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype.—Walker Museum, University of Chicago, No. 13508.
INOCAULIS ? STRICTUS Gurley, new species.
Plate 2, figure 6.
The description by Gurley is as follows:
Branches rigid, not spreading, but up- ¥3
right and rather straight, bifurcating
at a comparatively small angle (about
45°), diminishing in width from 2 mm.
at the proximal end of the fragment to
1.5 (rarely to 1) mm. at the distal.
Margins generally smooth, in one or two
places subserrate. Successive bifurea-
tions rather frequent (distant 5 to 10
mm,). AB
Oe . + Fic. 71.—INOCAULIS ? STRICTUS, NEW SPE-
Horizon and locality—Niagara ~ irs. Houoryre. (SEE ALSO PL. 2
chert, Hamilton, Ontario; one FIG. 6.)
specimen (the type) in the Spencer collection, one specimen in Grant
collection.
ha etl ee et i F
ees Tee ee ee ee |
on toe I ec file tia ele a
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 55
INOCAULIS VEGETABILIS Gurley, new species.
Plate 5, figure 1.
Gurley describes this species as follows:
A specimen in the New York State collection has the mode of growth charac-
terizing J. phycoides, but is very much stouter in every way, the thickness of
the stem and main branches reaching 6 or even 7 mm. and the terminal branches
measuring 3 and 4 mm. Still it is not absolutely impossible that the difference
may be merely one of age or distance from the point of origin of the polypary,
but there is at present nothing to show that this is the case.
The substance is in this case preserved in places, and forms a thick, coal-
black film with longitudinal striations and furrowing corresponding to fibers
and bands. No thece are visible.
Horizon and locality —Niagaran (Lockport), Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype-—New York State collection.
INOCAULIS ? THALLOSUS Gurley, new species.
Plate 2, figure 5.
Gurley describes this species as follows:
Polypary 15 mm. long and 9 mm. in extreme breadth, consisting of a main
stem about 1 mm. thick, from which proceed laterally at a little less than a right
angle, branches about 0.6 mm. wide and about 5 mm. or less long The
branches bifurcate about 1.5 mm. from the stem, and farther on redivide.
Only a single specimen (obverse and reverse) of this species was seen.
The species simply show as a stain (but a well-outlined stain) on the rock,
with little or no evidence of graptolite structure. It is therefore possible that
this species does not belong to the graptolites, but at any rate it seems to be
new and is a part of the fauna.
Horizon and locality.—Niagara limestone at base of chert, Hamil-
ton, Ontario.
Holotype.—Cat. No. 55316, U.S.N.M. The reverse is in the Spencer
collection.
Genus ACANTHOGRAPTUS Spencer.
Acanthograpsus SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, p. 461. ;
Acanthograptus LAPworTH, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, XXXVII,
1881, p. 174.—SpPEeNcER, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 562,
581; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, p. 31.—MiILLEr, North
Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 170.—RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus.,
Mem. 11, 1908, p. 191.
The original description is as follows:
Frond shrublike, consisting ef thick branches, principally rising from near
the base, with little divergence and some bifurcations. One side of the
branches is furnished with prominent spines or dentacles, which appear to
mark the cell-apertures. Texture corneous and indistinctly striated. This
82651—Bull. 65—09
5
56 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
generic form resembles Dendrograpsus, but it is stronger and more bushy than
species of that genus, and has conspicuous spines indicating a different cell
structure [in whose axils the thecz were probably situated; 1884].
Gurley adds in his manuscript to Spencer’s definition of the genus:
This is apparently a good genus, including several species which present a
very similar facies, principally in the plumulose branches with a tendency to
a 2- or 3-spicate termination. But if this genus be altogether distinct from
Inocaulis (a point on which at present I do not feel positive), it is certainly
here that Spencer’s Inocaulis walkeri belongs.
Genotype.—Acanthograptus granti Spencer. Niagaran (Lock-
port), Hamilton, Ontario.
ACANTHOGRAPTUS GRANTI Spencer.
Plate 2, figure 1; Plate 3, figure 4.
Acanthograpsus granti SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, pp. 458, 461, 462.
Acanthograptus granti Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165; Trans.
Acad. Sei. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 564, 582, pl. 4, fig. 5; Bull. Mus.
Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 14, 32, pl. 4, fig. 5—Guruiry, Journ.
Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 92, 308.
The original description is as fol-
lows: |
Frond shrublike, with thick branches prin-
cipally originating near the base. Some of
the branches are bifurcated and have the
ends dichotomous; cell apertures on one side
only, and indicated by prominent spines
which appear to be placed below them. The
branches are sometimes the sixteenth of an
inch broad, with spines in some places pro-
jecting the twenty-fourth of an inch and
ending abruptly.
72.—ACANTHOGRAPIUS GRANTI , :
Bae iy ee S GaanD The larger fronds do not exceed two
SPENCER. Copy OF SPENCER’S
FIGURE: inches in height and sometimes have the
same width.
This species was first obtained [in the Niagaran dolomites; 1884] at Hamilton,
Ontario, by Colonel Grant.
The description of 1884 adds the following data:
Surface longitudinally striated. Occasionally there are rudimentary denticles
appearing ulso on the opposite side of the branch as well as on that marked
with the regular spinelike projections, of which there are 6 or 7 in the length
of a centimeter of the stipe, wliich is characterized by obscure indications of a
solid central axis. The branches average a millimeter in breadth, and the
spines are sometimes a millimeter long, which in some places extend into the
material of the stipe to its center. The flattened frond is usually 4 or 5 em.
high and about 4 wide, and consist of 15 or 20 branches at half its height,
which are somewhat more numerous at the summit, owing to ocecasiona!
bifurcations. The whole frond originates from a common radictie.
ee
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 57
The best preserved graptolites that are found at Hamilton occur on the shaly
surface of the limestone, but this species is only found in the highly crystalline
rock, and consequently, although the general form of frond is well preserved
and very beautiful, the detailed structure is not shown as well as in the forms
that are found in the more perishable shaly rocks.
Gurley adds the following:
This species is easily recognizable among the now known Acanthograptus
species by the very heavy branches, which very generally measure 1 mm. or a
little more, though occasionally one as narrow as 0.8 mm. is seen. AS regards
Fics. 73, 74.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS GRANTI SPENCER. 73, DISTAL PORTION OF RHABDO-
SOME, X 5; 74, A NHARLY PERFECT RHABDOSOME. (AFTER RUEDEMANN.)
number, they are set rather irregularly, but usually there are about 15 in
25 mm. of width. The specimens show no evidence of thece or of a virgula.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 55310, U.S.N.M. Specimen figured on Plate
2, figure 1, in Spencer collection.
ACANTHOGRAPTUS WALKERI (Spencer).
Inocaulis walkeri SPENCER, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen nudum;
Trans, Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1V, 1884, pp. 564, 585, 586, pl. 5, fig. 2;
Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 14, 35, 36, pl. 5, fig. 2.—
GURLEY, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 99, 309.
Acanthograptus walkeri RUEDEMANN, New York State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908,
pr 194. "pl. iG) figs: a, 25 pl. 7, fie. 4, text figs., 97, 98.
58 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Spencer’s diagnosis reads:
Frond strong, with spreading branches, the margin having a plumulose ap-
pearance; structure corneous, with a central axis, and the surface covered with
minute points representing the cell-apertures.
This frond somewhat resembles J. plumulosus, but it is slighter, and the branches
(not exceeding 1.5 mm. in thickness) are much more numerous and proceed from
a single stipe. The type specimen has a height of 8 and a breadth of 6 cm.
Formation and locality—This species occurs in the Niagara limestones at
Hamilton, Ontario.
Doctor Gurley describes the species as follows:
Polypary of general dendroid aspect; main branches mostly 1-1.5 mm. thick,
a width of 2 mm. being only seen once, immediately below a_ bifurcation.
Branching not very regular. Usually at the proximal end several branches
76
77
Fies. 76, 77.—ACcAn-
THOGRAPTUS WAL-
KERI (SPENCER).
Fig. 75.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS WALKERI (SPENCER). Two FRAGMENTARY
Copy OF SPENCER’S FIGURE. SPECIMENS.
are somewhat clustered, and diverge thence radiatingly. On one specimen,
which I hardly feel able to separate, the branching is rather more from a main
axis. The branches, especially the main ones, are thickly beset (spinose-
shaggy) with the long, blunt, obliquely upward-directed denticles, which are
about 25 in the space of 25 mm. They differ much in appearance in different
parts of the polypary, if, indeed, there are not more than one kind of them.
Sometimes on the main stem they are blunter (about 1.0 mm. long and 0.75
mm. wide at base), while on the branches and branchlets they are less blunt.
3ut on the main stem and principal branches longer, narrower, and less rigid
and regular and more hairy root-like processes occur,
— — — —
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 59
This species can be told by the distinct and numerous “denticles ” on both
sides of stem and branches, finer and less blunt dentate than in A. granti.
Horizon and locality —Niagaran (Lockport), Hamilton, Ontario.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. Nos. 54277, 55317, U.S.N.M.
Fics. 78—80.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS WALKERI (SPENCER). 78, BRANCHES SHOWING BRANCH-
LETS AND THECAL APERTURE, X 5; 79, A SPECIMEN NATURAL SIZE, ROCHESTER SHALE,
New York; 80, FRAGMENT OF BRANCH, X 5, ROCHESTER SHAL®, New York. (79 AND
80 ARE AFTER RUEDEMANN.)
ACANTHOGRAPTUS PULCHER Spencer.
Plate 4, figure 5.
Acanthograptus pulcher Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165, nomen
nudum; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 564, 582, 583, pl. 4,
g. 6; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 14, 32, 33, pl. 4,
fig. 6.—MiILtER, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 170, fig. 128.—
GuRLEY, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, pp. 92, 308.
The original description is as follows:
This frond is broadly flabellate, but was possibly cyathiform in its growing
state. Very numerous branches (with few principal subdivisions) arise from
a common radicle and extend in an entirely free manner to the even and more
or less circular margin of the frond. Along both sides of the branches many
short rudimentary branchlets arise. Besides these, there are numerous spine-
like processes, which possibly indicate the position of the cellules. The texture
is corneous, with the surface striated, and in some places, where removed, there
are indications of a lateral solid axis. From the center of the radicle the
branches extend a distance of about 24 mm. [centimeters. R.R.G.] to the margin
of the ground [frond. R. R. G.], or the diameter is about 5 mm. [centimeters.
R. RR. G.]. The branches are half a millimeter thick. The rudimentary branch-
lets, irregularly situated, are seldom more than 2 mm. long, and are stout, while
the spinelike processes have a length of half a millimeter, and are about the
same distances apart, befng very slender.
The branches of this exceedingly beautiful frond (as I have only one complete
specimen) appear to have occupied a semicircular position when alive, but in
60 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
compression has so fallen as to extend nearly in the form of a circle. Though
it resembles somewhat Callograptus niagarensis, yet the numerous rudimentary
branchlets and spinelike processes distinguish it from that species.
Formation and locality.—This species is found in the ‘“ chert-beds” of the
Niagara formation at Hamilton, Ontario. The best specimen was obtained from
Mr. Edward McLaughlin, of Hamilton.
Gurley’s notes on this species follow:
To this species I have referred, in all, sixteen specimens, several of the more
fragmentary ones with some doubt. One specimen (PI. 4, fig. 5, text fig. 82)
shows the base, and may be described as
follows:
Polypary (in this specimen) semicircular-
flabelliform, originating in, and _ sessile
upon, a transversely extended, apparently
thick, fibrous, or discoid base of a black
carbonaceous texture. From the base arise
about three main branches, which bifur-
cate and rebifurcate in their course toward
the periphery, the resulting somewhat
wavy branches running nearly straight out
to the periphery, where they seem to termi-
nate in two or several twigs or spikelets.
Along their course their sides are beset
with ‘‘rudimentary branchlets,’ ete.,
Fie. 81.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS PULCHER whose length may reach 1 mm. In this
cae gee Copy or SPENCER'S FIG- cnecies, however, these lateral fringing
processes are fine, giving the branches a
feathered appearance. They never reach the thickness and remoteness of those
seen in A. walkeri. The usual width of the branches is 0.4 mm., but some reach
0.5 mm. About 40 branches occur in 25 mm. of width, the interspaces thus
being quite narrow. Only two
thece are visible. These are
0.4 mm. apart (corresponding to
about 60 in 25 mm.). Indica-
tions of dissepiments are not
wanting (some structures very
much like them are visible), and
although not entirely willing on
strength of the present material,
I may say that I incline very
83
Fics. 82, 83.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS PULCHER SPENCER.
: 82, SPECIMEN PRESERVING BASE. (SEE ALSO PL.
strongly to doubt their asserted 4, py¢. 5) ; 83, Less COMPLETE RHABDOSOME.
absence in any of these genera,
and also that in my opinion there is hardly a more dubious character than
‘absence of dissepiments.” For the assertion of such a condition the material
must be absolutely irreproachable, as of all the structures in the polypary the
dissepiments, being the most delicate, are the first to disappear.
There can, I think, be no doubt that the present form is Spencer’s species.
Both as a diagnosis by exclusion, and by its general agreement with his descrip-
tion and figure, its identity is satisfactorily made out.
Horizon and locality.—Niagara chert and glaciated chert, Hamil-
ton, Ontario.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 55307, U.S.N.M.
»
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 61
ACANTHOGRAPTUS CHAETOPHORUS Gurley, new species.
Plate 3, figure 5.
Gurley’s description is as follows:
Polypary consisting of several main stems which may reach a thickness of
0.4 mm.; but principally characterized
by very numerous, excessively fine, hair-
like, more or less tufted fibers which
fringe the sides of the stems and (?) also
arise freely from the (invisible) base.
Thee appear to be present, but are in-
distinct.
This species unquestionably finds its
nearest affinity in Acanthograptus. It can
hardly be a Dendrograptus, if that term
be limited to forms taking origin from a Ai-
single stem, as the form renders it very Fig. 84.—AcANTHOGRAPTUS CHARTOPE-
probable that it grew in tufts from a ORUS, NEW SPECIES. HOLOLYPE-
>
(SEE ALSO Pu. 3, FIG. 5.)
transversely extended base.
Horizon and locality Niagara dolomite, Hamilton, Ontario.
Holotype-——New York State collection.
ACANTHOGRAPTUS MULTISPINUS Gurley, new species.
The description by Gurley is as follows:
Polypary flabellate-compressed, originating in and sessile upon a black, car-
bonaceous, discoid base, from which the main branches arise, and then divide
and subdivide, run outward, spreading some-
what to both sides and being somewhat undu-
late; 0.3-0.4 mm. wide; set about 25-30 in 25
mm. of width; their sides beset with processes
of variable length and closeness. These proc-
esses are in character intermediate between
those of A walkeri and those of A. pulcher,
being stouter, more rigid, and more distant
Figs. 85, 86.—ACANTHOGRAPTUS than in the latter species, but less stout, less
Geeta eee ae G ee rigid, and closer together than in A. walkeri.
85 By R. S. Basser.) Their lengths and closeness are too variable to
be well reduced to measurements.
The present species most nearly resembles A. pulcher, but in general has the
branches more divergent, and with less tendency to parallelism; the fringing
processes are stouter, more rigid, and more distinct, and the resulting appear-
ance is less finely feathery.
Horizon and locality—Niagara chert, Hamilton, Ontario.
Cotypes.—Cat. No. 55309, U.S.N.M., and New York State collec-
tion.
62 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Genus THAMNOGRAPTUS Hall.
Thamnograptus Hau, Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Canada for 1857, 1858, p. 143,
nomen nudum; Nat. Hist. New York, Pal., III, 1859, 1861, p. 519; 13th
Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1860, p. 62; Can. Org. Rem.,
Decade 2, 1865, p. 141; 20th Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 1868,
p. 218 (rev. ed., 1868 [1870], p. 251).—NicHoLtson, Mon. Brit. Graptoli-
tidze, 1872, p. 180; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XVI, 1875, p. 270.—
ZITtTeL, Handbuch d. Pal., I, 1879, p. 290.—SpPrencer, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 563, 589; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I,
1884, p. 89.—MiLitrr, North Amer. Geol. and Pal., 1889, p. 207.—Pocta,
Syst. Sil. Centre Boheme, VIII, Pt. 1, 1894, p. 165.—BEiies and Woop,
Mon. Brit. Graptolites, Pal. Soc., 1908, p. xli—RurEDEMANN, New York
State Mus., Mem. 11, 1908, p. 204.
This peculiar genus was founded upon two Ordovician species of
graptolites, which have recently been studied by Ruedemann. The
absence of thecz or apertures upon the branches has always kept the
genus doubtful, and the following descriptions of the Niagaran forms
can not be said to add anything to the knowledge of the genus.
The original diagnosis is:
Bodies consisting of straight or flexuous stipes (simple or conjoined at base?)
with alternating and widely diverging branches; branches long, simple or
ramose, in the same manner as the stipe. Substance fibrous or striate; the
main stipe and branches marked by a longitudinal central depressed line, in-
dicating the axis. Cellules or serratures unknown.°*
Genotype-—Thamnograptus typus Hall (=Thamnograptus capil-
laris Emmons). Normanskill shale, Kenwood, near Albany, New
York.
THAMNOGRAPTUS BARTONENSIS Spencer.
Thamnograpsus bartonensis SPENCER, Canadian Nat., VIII, 1878, pp. 458, 462.
Thamnograptus bartonensis Spencer, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV,
1884, pp. 565, 589, 590, pl. 6, figs. 4, 5; Bull, Mus. Univ. State Missouri,
I, 1884, pp. 15, 39, 40, pl. 6, figs. 4; 5—QGurtury, Journ. Geol., IV, 1896,
pp. 101, 309.
-
> o.
The original description follows:
Stipes single and broad with lineal undulating branches alternately arranged
on opposite sides and having half the thickness of the stipe, which is as much
as one-sixteenth of an inch broad. The branches which are given off are
usually at right angles with the stipe; and are generally half an inch apart;
there being an undulation of considerable length opposite to their place of
attachment.
Texture corneous and black, the surface being néarly smooth with longi-
tudinal depressions. The branches are usually short and abrupt.
They occur in the Niagara Limestone at Hamilton, Ontario, and the writer
has seen them in the rock several inches long.
Quoting from Doctor Gurley’s manuscript :
The description of 1884 adds: Branches having half the thickness of the
stipe, their bases nearly at right angles with it, but afterwards they bend up-
ti i
DENDROID GRAPTOLITES OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO. 63
ward; inserted on the stipe 1 fo 2 cm. apart. At point of origin there is usually
a depression of considerable length on the side opposite to their place of attach-
ment, and ay expansion on the same side. There is a strong medial depression,
0.5 mm. wide (marking a central axis?), extending through the stipe, which is
1.5 mm. broad.
The specimens obtained are not entire. The
branches are often widely separated, and are some-
times long and flexuous, extending for several centi-
meters in length. It sometimes happens that we
obtain a long stipe which may be either a portion of
the structure below the branches or a portion of
a separate branch.
Doctor Gurley further remarks:
Altogether there are 9 specimens which I refer to
this species. They vary considerably and tend to
arrange themselves in two series, and at different
stages in my werk I have rated them as separate
species and as separate varieties. The latter is still
the course I should prefer, if I could with any con-
fidence correlate the two series in any definite way % FA eee ee eee
: BARTONENSIS SPENCER.
with Spencer’s species. But as I can not do so satis- Coprep FROM SPENCER.
factorily, they are simply characterized as well as
possible, and the task of connecting or separating them must remain to be
worked out in the light of more complete specimens. I might, however, add
that though there is no certainty in the matter I rather incline to believe these
two series to represent widely separate fragments of the same polypary.
Series A.
Polypary (?) consisting of long, more or less straight, or flexuous stems,
1.25-2.5 mm., which for long distances are simple and destitute of branches.
In the five specimens (on three slabs) plainly referable to this series, only two
branches are seen. These branches are
88 89 about 1 mm. wide, and diverge from the
main stem at about 60° or a little less.
\ Texture brown-black, carbonaceous, exactly
ss i similar to that of Jnocaulis plumulosa in
‘
the same beds.
Series B.
Fics. 88, 89.—THAMNOGRAPTUS BAR-
TONENSIS SPENCER. Two ¥FRAG- d
MENTS BELONGING TO SERIES B. Main stems and branches much narrower
than in series A (stem ad maxrimum, 1.5 mm.,
usually 0.8, occasionally 0.6 mm. wide: branches mostly 0.5-0.8 mm. wide) ;
branches more numerous, tending to diverge at a right angle or a little less.
Texture the same as in series A.
The specimens referred to series A belong to the Spencer collection
and are not accessible at present. Those of series B are represented
in text figures 88 and 89.
@B.g., both with all of Spencer’s species, or either with any definite part
thereof, I might perhaps add that a correlation of Series A with Spencer’s
fig. 4, and of Series B with his fig. 5, seems somewhat plausible.—R. R. Gurley.
64 BULLETIN 65, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Horizon and locality —Niagaran (Lockport), Hamilton, Ontario.
Plesiotypes.—Cat. No. 55318, U.S.N.M.
THAMNOGRAPTUS (?) MULTIFORMIS Spencer.
Thamnograptus (7?) multiformis Spencer, Canadian Nat., X, 1882, p. 165,
nomen EN: ; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, IV, 1884, pp. 565, 590, pl. 6,
Hes. 2, 3; Bull. Mus. Univ. State Missouri, I, 1884, pp. 15, 40, pl. 6, figs.
sai oe Journ. Geol., IV, 1896, p. 101.
The rise description is as follows:
Stipes simple, flexuous, and strong, usually divided into two (sometimes
three) branches of equal thickness. From both the undivided and divided stipe
a few short irregular branches originate at long unequal distances apart; and
these may or may not end in two free points. The texture is corneous and black,
with the surfaces somewhat striated and im-
91 pressed with a medial line (indicating a cen-
tral axis?). In occasional specimens of the
Same mode of branching, short spinelike proc-
90 esses, from one-half to one millimeter long
and half a millimeter apart, probably indicate
the position of the cellules on both sides of the
branches.
There is considerable variation in the size
of these organisms. The larger specimens are
4+ or 5 em. long, and the stipes are usually
about 1 mm. thick; however, some of the
specimens, that I have referred here, have not
more than half that size. In the 1 arger speci-
lies. 90, 91.— THAMNOGRAPTUS ? mens the branches are usually about half a
Paes SPENCER. COPIES centimeter apart.
pee ie nae In the rocks of the Niagara formation nu-
merous fragments of organism of the sraptolite family occur. Vast numbers,
consisting of thick broken stipes, often flexuous, with one or two branches, or
those with dichotomous terminations, are found, and can not be referred to any
species described. Yet they so closely resemble the better specimens of this
species that I have placed them here, although a further study might separate
some of them from this species.
Formation and locality. —Fragments of this species occur somewhat abun-
dantly in the Niagara dolomitic rocks at Hamilton, Ontario.
Of this species Doctor Gurley says:
After many endeavors to recognize this species I have failed to find anything
which I could confidently refer to it. As far as my experience goes nothing
which has any definite structure resembles it. The only things which seem to
approximate it are the most fragmentary specimens, too indefinite to be re
ferred anywhere else. A perusal of Spencer’s description also leads me to
suspect (but I do not assert it) that this species is not much more than a
dumping ground for fragments. Certain it is that from time to time series
after series of fragments (and at this horizon fragments are unusually and
disproportionately numerous) otherwise unplaced were identified as this spe-
cies, but eventually all except the worst were successfully referred elsewhere.
This species must then stand on Spencer’s diagnosis and figure.
DESCRIPTIONS OF PLATES.
Unless otherwise stated, the views shown on these plates were prepared by R. S. Bassler.]
65
Figs. 1, 2.
66
. Dendrograptus ontarioensis, new species
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
Page.
Dendrograptus? problematicus Spencer-..--.....-----.------------ L0
(See also text fig. 6.)
. A small rhabdosome, X 1.5, arising from a discoidal body.
. A larger example, X< 1.5, showing the lax arrangement of the
branches.
. Dendrograptus ramosus Spencer- .------------------ 2. ie ee 8
(See also text figs. 3 and 9.)
Gurley’s photograph of the specimen, X 1.5, illustrated on page 7.
(See also text fig. 12, )
The type-specimen, X 2.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 65 PL. 1
NIAGARAN GRAPTOLITES.
Fig. 1.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
Acanthograptys gran Spencer 25-22 62. oe ee ee eee
(See also Pl. 3, fig. 4, and text figs. 72-74.)
Gurley’s photograph of a specimen, 1.5, with the rhabdosome drawn
in black.
. Dendrograptus phamotheca; new. Species=---- += - = =.= se =e
(See also text fig. 11.)
A retouched photograph of the type-specimen, 3.
. Dendrograptus praegracilis Spencer: 2 2.2 _- .22--. 925 sea
(See also text figs. 4 and 10.)
Photograph of the specimen illustrated in text fig. 10.
. Dictysnema tenelum Spencers. fo. 0230 as ee eee eee eee
(See also text figs. 82 and 33.)
A small portion of a rhabdosome, X 2.
« Unocaulis ?-thallosus, news Specles=. — 2 5-— sos ee eee eee ee eee
The type-specimen, x 1.5.
« Inocautis ? strictus, new species. =. 2. 25.2.5. eos eee ae eee
(See also text fig. 71.)
Photograph of the type-specimen, 1.5, by Gurley.
68
11
28
5d
54
i all i i
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 65 PL. 2
NIAGARAN GRAPTOLITES.
Fig. 1.
. Dictyonema stenactinotum, new species
. Acanthograptus grantt Spencer
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.
Dictyonema crassibasale, new species.....------------ he ee
(See also text figs. 21-25. )
A portion of the rhabdosome, 2, figured in text fig. 23.
(See also text figs. 34, 35.)
View of the specimen, 1.5, illustrated in text fig. 35.
. Callograptus strictus, new spetiess. 22.22 =2-- Sooo e = ae ee ee
(See also text fig. 17.)
The type-specimen, 2
(See also Pl. 2, fig. 1, and text figs. 72-74. )
Photograph by Gurley, with rhabdosome retouched in lack,
. Acanthograptus aeons NeW. Species: 22-0 AS ee ee
(See also text fig. 84.)
Photograph of the type specimen, 1.5.
70
Page.
19
30
15
56
61
BULLETIN NO. 65 PL. 3
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Sea NA WER CA SI eS: qe es
Ae Ee. Fy 4 “ee e “ s
b wy > Sa aie ty , » % ie et i
oe on Ree R eas Wis Pk a n't
st a ee : . ’ ee - ms
_ 4 } a . ar Ute are A ee . i
ae fhe a _ gee o “ied 5 . ~ ein eT | =
NIAGARAN GRAPTOLITES.
; rie Now
ee ROS
4 bh! on :
To. a aon.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.
|
]
|
Big. 1. Dichyonema, spencer, Mew Bpecies..- 5. = 25-222 -— ace == a= ee ee 36 |
(See also text fig. 46.) |
A portion. of the type-specimen, X 2. |
2. Dielyonema parallel, Dew SpeCles . =. -- 225 4. a. = ee de ees eee 37 |
(See also text fig. 47. ) A te BS
View of the distal half of the type-specimen. |
(See also text figs. 41-43.)
Photograph of a rhabdosome, < 2, showing the basal attachment.
4. Digtyorema polpnorphum Gurley oS 25 2-2 eee eee 24
(See also text figs. 26-29. )
Photograph of the original of text fig. 27, x 1.5.
De eA ComtiOGroplLuUs prtlGR CTs PE CEN see a ets oe ae ee a9
(See also text figs. 81-83.)
View of a rhabdosome, > 2, preserving the base.
(2
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 65 PL. 4
NIAGARAN GRAPTOLITES.
ee See rae.
— wy ore . ee
fs at f
EXPLANATION oF Puate 5.
Fig. 1. Inocaulis vegetabilis, new species ..---.----- ce gh LAIRD 5 Th ee
A retouched photograph of the type-specimen, natural size.
2. Inocaulis diffusus crassiramus, new variety - - ---- - eon en beeen enneenees
(See also text fig. 69.) \
Photograph of the type-specimen, natural size.
74
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN NO. 65 PL. 5
NIAGARAN GRAPTOLITES.
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
{Synonyms are in italics.
Numbers in heavy-faced type indicate the pages where descriptions are to
be found. |
d As | Page.
Page. | Dictyonema ..........-.- 13, 14, 17, 18, 28, 38, 41, =
Acanthograpsus ...-.2---------+--+--2+-2---- 59 crassibasale.. 19, 20, 21, 2 aon 29, 33,
granti ....---------------:-- 56, 55 desmoidesaee eee ee $4, 35, 3
KCANtHOLTAPbUISs as sees shee ee Sac 55, 57, 61 Xa Ser eee 31, 32, 33
ehzetophorusiac- 4-52-62 61, 70 GPA S Sees ee a ie 34
STAM Geese .. 50,56, 57, 58, 68, 70 NGI eceneceastnd sae ween 93, 26, 31
multispinus.....-..-------- 61 GHAR ESS a Ae PP Ne 19, 23
pulehere sa ea-22- == 59, 60, 61, 72 GPACHIS. 3 oo a oo eee 19
WalKCL ea csccce scene 5, 57, 58, 59 gracilige se eco Meee ee ce 29
| PTANG Ese ak decks seek es 19
C. | parallelnr. 42.5.3 tee st a bos 37,72
(COMTO GMO SUS Ne mine fests tee Soke ce sa css oe aan ee 12 Percerassus .--.-------------- 31,35, 36
Callosraptshys-sscescceene eo ceoe eens 12, 40, 42 polymorphum ... 5, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 72
elec ans ieesanee ne ee eens 13 HELLO RMN Chee ce iat=r 5, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31
ORO RE RC ne eee 42 ELI OTIS ete = xara aia amas iottas 18
TIPS ae ee ee 14,15 | SPENCE Mess errr ser faites 2 == 36, 37, 72
MINUGUS Abs so sas5-e ees Se 15 splendens..--.....--.---------- 23
RMU GCA LiSht eee eat ee scee 13,14 StENACtINObMMisen-- soe eene ee 30,70
MUS AEDS seer ee epee ose 13, 14,59 | subretiforme...........-...-- 5, 26, 27
Ra LeTgem nese ret nore s 43 tenelld - ~~ +--+ +++ 2222222 eee eee 28
SERIO TH ore SEE eke ae 15, 70 Lene liege eee cers 25, 28, 29, 68
CAlPLOGRODSUS see aolsicne sire <1oaesioi2 ccs
; Pp.
Ptilograpsus ...--.---.---- mates sre sie eters
foliaceus .
Philopraptus-...2-.---. saa Stee ce soeee
fOlIBCCUS 4s = = iss ee ese se
plumosus
Te).
Thamnograpsus bartonensis .........---
16 Se Jaana nieeeeeees
~
ears
bulbosas. Boer
(?) multiformis..
ty DUS).