? +: a's hy 4 ah res yi, aa De \ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 75 NOK itd PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN THE COLLEC TON OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bis HUBERT LYMAN CLARK Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 ae ¥ os BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL | IssueD FEervary 23, 1911... ir 5 ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly-acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthro- pology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and dis- tributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the table of contents of the volumes. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and cata- logues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contribu- tions from the National Herbarium, has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 75 of the Bulletin series. RicHarp RaTHBun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. Wasuineton, D. C., January 3, 1911. III = : : er i= ’ : § “ hy é id : a ev Veh aare wi, ey a > cating ae — J Ta ' + —_ TABLE OF CONTENTS. Peruineretl Ni Yap iOlse nee aoe See Los se eS oe Se BASH ate LOT eee ch re wt Ae LEY 8 oak ote 2 eM eh Ge ae eo a) Pe The distribution of the North Pacific Ophiuroidea.....................---... Seormapiical Gist ni pUulolte cose ee ae eS 2 ok, LG OMIM & Bathymetrical and temperature distribution. ......52...29..02225.220.-..-.:- Pepoet Gna GIsiTipUbiOM sates ks aout a Se eee ke atl bo Conclusions as to distribution of Ophiurans in North Pacific Ocean..........-- Biercri onewhspecios.vecucs san me edt. ola. ols teal yey UE bh oe. 2 HasntlyO plaodenmatidss so 22x. 9a. F5 S e EGG MM Tata PAO Shel ety Ue 5220 Se Eo ee eae @pimanchnella eorsoniay son: fa 52g ne AAs) i meralagpiss os eo aout ba le Opintoecouisidiastata ss 4aqc2 ea. A eee ALN FL ae Papal ata set At te var SAC OS ae JIGS PE eTne lev OTOL TICES Ske i oe a ona SL NSS ee Sy EI N's Gphioplocnscmitricatus. 0 < 220i eae Bo. eo PA POMC Nee SEC: oye se I 2 EE es ecg (raintezpiian elevetas iy P28 1 fs | AR ie ey ok ee. Pon inpimah cy eck $i 5022 aici ni ees vclats So Bla tydne adc nc keg ciety MEM ge sd he cn BO Lipp axe rc ee Oe = es al ree RS pe dae eae oe en vee Ee PLOIC Chea ch s ated SRBUU EAD 283 5 bie, 45 ten ee he CHAE NO PCIE 4c esk 4) Pe hes 5,5 ray 7 SETS Oo oN eles oliiiea KiMpertnse nse ose is stl 3 Sos 3 olen oe eee ee EV TS Mia eect eee Sac jae ei, SN NG Ue SE ENE ede. wn WUGeNI es roy ese 2 eV = Jad ahs Sat be ee te ok Se ere Re Rasen eyes See aot ny een ee seh AY EL) AVUEMG UREA A Spt etait es Ot Sn EON rth Ha ete ot leptociemiasa- meee = aceant Pee ene tee, fee Ee Oy: GUAAIA DIA sae a eke el Se Le eee ee pathy bia cte sat Sep MR ERNE Ror & c 2e Soa ees 8 Harel tala: .) ap meron ar eck et oth. Weta roe beens ACCT eee ve OU ISG. OE BAGS ths eke ce eg TE OTA CARE Sep ele ose a he, SR SR Tol OC EINE 2h ee Clastast=saaastee ea tk we ar CS Be Re Ae a MONOSbOsChais we s3s ssc toe fee ac RAs Beer yarck ne lone a ero GALy PLOleG inte ens St eb Seinen seeds in ses See cryptolepis. -... be ores MOIR PAREN Cole G tsa Ome a se ANG COSY are pees hl a ee PE Ca Bh ioc ieee o BY, BCU ewe hee gas. . a. SU Pets Dh ee rs Petes C52 Siu iba lees Ser ee A a ee see e eee das pwc ce dee se cediplaxsig+ 34s: 3s553 RE Se a a ASE Vv oo bo bo bo bo bo “J ol oO Wwowwwwiwwww wo NOoorhrwrocc © VE TABLE OF CONTENTS. Descriptions of species—Continued. Family Ophiolepididee—Continued. Genus Ophiura—Continued. Page, Ophiura ‘stereal .f2 v2 io. 22s sas soe jee ee ie 75 sCulptilise.. 02020. 2de-5 So oes Sek nn ae ee aoe iki ponderosa, 25.30 le2= 2 2 tice ee eee ee ee eee ee 77 megapoma. ...-- OE yA Ce pent te a ee eed ey eee eee 79 Inada ose ee 2 oe ieee eee ae eyo We ee eee 80 Bbiplimas. 5.6250 5th Ae tee ete ee tte 82 penichtacs fo 2o52 226 eeer cicero eee eee ence 84 RAC TA ae Bo cise 2 mies Om oe eee eee 85 brachyactis:s.0.55 28-2 -- 22.5425 22- eee Bee eee 87 pomphophora:: ti. coos.) 342 -oe ee ae 89 by hOdIBCa e420 eer See eae et ae nee 91 Genus Anthophiuirac-2-...- 222252. 543 eee 2 eee 92 Anthophiura axiolovas 2:2 3-4-2 324) ieee oe ee ee eee eee 93 Ophiotrochus loneispimus=—-2------- 42 se = eee ee 94 Ophiennus adspersus.-.......- =. 2 -< == 51-2 828 225-2 eee = ee 95 Ophioeten’ paciiicum. .o.172 226 -2-e 2o e eo eae 96 charischema 42> (02. 8c). 320 7 eee eee eee 97 brevispinumcs sc... «oe 2. Le Sere ee eer 98 OU OUR eee Mier ae ea ee SSE 1h ere Siete ee ore 99 Gens Opiliopenia .2828 2p = 9 eee etn ae ee ee 102 Ophiopenta disacantha-22-25 25-2 -seeee sree ee eee 102 tetracambhas: | eset ot Sees Seto eee ee 104 Ophionmsium cancelatim.<- 5-2-5) 2. eee eee eee ee 106 TA GME ATU 2 Se eae eee 106 Distt kceanit ee Sh S oae ae R o e 107 WTA OLS 5 occa capers os tea eee eee eee 107 Jy mam. 35... ss 256 SA cyst SS ce ee Omer 107 SIN OA sie oe pen are fee eee eRe 109 trYCh NUM: 3.= Soe eee Eee et eo eae eee 109 TOWeNSIBt ta. 2S UE ee oe eee eee oper es 111 TMOU Co Fo UT MIN atcs Se eye Segre kf nes aoe oe te amily Ama irda 5. ie bo sl haa ee Ae ee ge ee ee 114 Ophbiambix acwleabus2s.2.% 2 See eee, SG ah eee eee ee ere 114 Genus Ophiopholis....... ee OE esto. 2. Peer Ore, a i 115 Ophiopholismirabiliey.. 6-523 )oac heed e eee ec. a eee TA brackyactisse75 o0..c282 eee ae ae eee ae 117 JON GISpINAY Je es eae Saeed Ney eee ee aes 119 bakeries tei 8 eccl a: a. ecm Se see ene eee er ree 121 aculeata var japonicaic: {2.0 wae eh oe eg cree oe 123 aculeata. 225. c.2 2 fos See a eee ee re 128 aculeata. var. kennerlyt ssh 4 nee epee eee 132 Ophiochiton Masti catise -se-cs-s) aeeee e e ee 133 Ophiactis;pteropomas. .b 226. = Fao. ee eee ee eee 134 brachyeenvde ocr2 oe te eee ee Lp. a AP hte Soe ioe dyseritiay 25.2. sak BS okie Cor O07 ee ee ee a ae prachiyaspisis 2.000) 10/26 See Ae ae ag aac) ors 138 FY MIM OCHO LE wee afr a kee er 139 Amphiura bellliss: 5 8525) Sh OOo ee aoe ie Reina yee er ee 140 diomedeeie. 5. Seeker 140 pundevallia. so seen nee sete ees ore Se aaa GCarcharas fs 0 oa) Oi Say ON ee 1 ae ea a 142 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Descriptions of species—Continued. Family Amphiuridee—Continued. Genus Amphiura—Continued. Amphiura leptodoma........---------------+-++++-2estrer tere CUO e rere as ever rete aE te ye asia mse aie = at ae gerystala. =... <2 - 2242 = belies <2 st - 202 oso EGnomioiaiaee: so - see a = emp ene ee ae 2 ae Gah GASCAL sae oe ease pee weer = = PCCM TURIN RSs ee Nt a rR echgc | ofalcnera cree al Nera tan Ne seca AUT PUT SIS ae et snl Oe nee ae ee eee ra) ore Tra )277) 0701031 Rae Se, ee es Amiphilepis platytata..-- 2 2-2 - skeFentedieees #2 ss ero Amphilimna pentacantha........--.------+--------+++-0+-2077-- Ophionereis eurybrachiplax.....-...-----------+------+++700007+ Goris © pMoOcrasis.-o252 ee. 222s are eee re ie miei Ophioerasis dictydisca:----<--- +--+ --= - ore Ophiomitra cardiomorpha....-..---.-------+-+++-+++7+-+57sere>- (Se (cl: ens nO ones ao at habrotatdse0sc ee 5508 popes eee ene eee MIcrophylax 5.0 = oases eb een eee sas os byt lias pis 24 ce > ede crad=* sere een tie ee polyyevcanathia Se: Ute Se Se a ease aa = codonomorpha......----------+-----++--++2-20-2 rece acontopmoras i=). 52-220 se oe ee ne oo Ophiocamax lithosora..---.-----+---++----2---7-+2t22 57st erro poly plOene = scees 222) sete ee bape ariel an Mamily, Ophiacamthidée 020). 02d) ie 75 2 ea eens Ophiacantha bidentata.----..-..-----+-- 22+ +25 +207 tester Pemba OMA fame eo oe eite a oat Cerna a levisiiases: oe. a8 eee Teo ie cece oe opt ck eC au DOTA Sebi peic ik eee ale oa estat aan on oar ie mhachophOts. 2c i= 2.4 nate epee Gmoplataates- c22-a-6 7--Gdee pie orc aoe tetao acamthinotata: -.--~ jist : en Puta py a Oy tog] Sag ie "ar ar . Ue hike 4 me) vit ‘ otllglire hs, 4 10. dae 12. 13. 14. 16. ie 18. OE 21. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Pectinura anchista. X 3.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near shoe mS Pee Ret 0B 2 ee i: Ophiarachnella megalaspsis. » 4. a, from See a from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk. ...-.........5.--.-.---- Ophioconis diastata. 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk............-- Beek Ophioconis papillata. X 6. a, from aes b, fecm peices) ¢, pide View Onan ann joint menr Wek. oi 2.2 blak Teele. Ophioplocus japonicus. X 3. a, from above; }, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk... ee: aes Pp Fp Ophiozona elevata. % 6. a, from eee b, frost ieee c, side view Of three arm joints near disk... 2.21.2... 2.0002. ie ee. Ophiozona platydisca. XX 4. a, from above; 6, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk................--.-.---- eh dig Ophiozona polyplax. ™ 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two and a half arm joints near disk..................-.-.--- Ophiura kinbergi. 5. Showing disk scaling and arm comb.....- Ophiura micracantha, % 4. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side wiew of tworarm yommts near disk: .2. 220) i222c os tele ee oe Ophiura maculata; adult, a-c X 5; young, df x 7. a and d, from above; b and e, from below; c and_/, side views of arm joints near Ophiura leptoctenia. > 5. a from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk.........+.-.----1---4s2+2-+-<- Ophiura quadrispina. 5.5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side View UL two arm jolmtemenr disk: 222.26 520 22 ee San Dee Ophiura bathybia. X 3.3. 4a, from above; b, from below; c, side view a: threearm jointa mear disk. ..- 222222... 2222222 oe . Ophiura flagellata, young. X 6. 4, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk. SUEY Lp A) 2 Ophiura clasta. X 3.5. a, from above; 6, acer polo: c, side view of two arm joints near disk mS a. Et LO BSD ah rd EO CEES ee Se Ophiura monostcecha. X 5. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk..........--.------------------- Ophiura calyptolepis. > 4. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk......-.-..-------------------+-- Ophiura cryptolepis. X 2.5. 4a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk. .....--- TO ie eee aia, Smee cheehng A Ophiura nodosa; variety from Icy Cape, Alaska. 6. a, fromabove b, from below; c; side view of base of arm........--.------------- Ophiura cediplax. 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk....-.---------------------+----- XIE Fie. 34. 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 46. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. . Ophiura sterea. X 2.5. a, from above; 6b, from below; ¢, side view OE base’ of arm»! 252.3245 Ake ee ee oe . Ophiura megapoma. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c¢, side view ‘of three\arm joints near disk- (22 222.2. -= 5 3 eee . Ophiura hadra. X 1.75. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of basevofarm.2. os.2 eect ee ee ee eee ee eee . Ophiura stiphra. 3. a, from above; 5, from below; e¢, side view of paseloivarmensss eras ae So Se ape ee See Se ee ee . Ophiura penichra. X 2. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three-arm joimts near'disk.>: oc 5. Aceds=- ee See eee . Ophiura atacta. > 8. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view of two arm joints: near disks 29.0). 0 eee 2 a ee . Ophiura brachyactis. 3. 4, from above; 6, from below; c, side View Ol base ofarmins2 25 Sasel ong eee nee eee ee . Ophiura pomphophora, adult. 3.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk. .......:.-.-.-...-.-.-- . Ophiura pomphophora, young. 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side wiew. of threerarm® | omits ean disk= sae see ee eee . Ophiura glyptodisca. X 8. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints.neardisks.- 42-25 -e-o eee e ee eee . Anthophiura axiologa. X 10. a, from above; 6, from below; e, side view of three arm jomts mearmdisk..232256.3 252-9 eee 3. Ophiotrochus longispinus. X 8. a, from above; b, from below; ¢; side view of three arm joints near disks... 4-5 eee 2 ee Ophiernus adspersus. 3.33 a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of threearm. joints meardishk 32420 es - eee een ee Ophiocten charischema. 5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three army joints near disk. 1.042 ee ee eee Ophiocten brevispinum. 5.5. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk. ..... )... 4-2 4222.04. Ophiocten odplax. 5. a, from above; b, from below; ec, side view of three arm joints near disk. 224) 220 S22. eee aes eee Ophiopenia disacantha. a, young, X 7; b-d, adult, & 5. a, from above; 6, from above; c, from below; d. side view of three arm joints near disk: 2420 ase lee ee: Se ea Ophiopenia tetracantha. 8. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk.........- Seeders eet ieee tees Ae ae Ophiomusium trychnum. XX 3. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side:view of two arm joints near disk-.s.-- se-eiaeee e ee Ophiomusium jolliensis. X 2.5. a, from above; b, from below: c, side view of three arm joints near disk 2. Ophiomusium multispinum. 1.25. a, from above; b, from below: c, side view of three arm joints near disk 3. Ophiopholis mirabilis. 3.5. Base of one arm and adjoining por- tion of disk; from above . Ophiopholis brachyactis. X 4.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 5. Ophiopholis longispina. X 5. a, from above, b, from below; ¢, side view) of tw0.arm joints near disk. 2 2.5/2) 0e) leek eee Ophiopholis bakeri. 5. a, fromabove; b, from below: c, side view of two arm joints near disk. 81 83 84 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 96 97 99 100 103 105— 110 112 113 Bre. 47: 48. 49. 50. dl. 58. 59. 60. 61. 63. 64. 69. 69. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Ophiopholis aculeata var japonica. a, extreme form with small sup- plementary upper arm plates and numerous long disk spines, & 2.66; b, more usual form with fewer disk spines, 3.33; ¢, unusual form with many disk scales resorbed, & 3.5; d, typical form without disk BID TEC 8 py ee ne Sh aye Re Nae ioe ale Sete a pe RAL GL 2 ebb to Ophiopholisaculestta, 3.) From above. sio..4-4 2 lewis soles Ms oe Bee Ophiopholis aculeata var. kennerlyi. X 2.66. From above-......-... Ophiactis pteropoma. X 10. a, from above; ), from below; c¢, side Wiew ob three arm) joints ‘near diske/...4.4 4.2 2d ed aes A. Po Ophiactis brachygenys. X10. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side WAC MLOL UY OLArIn /OUNbS GAT GIS. 28a es eee ees ee eat ok: = . Ophiactis dyscrita. > 20. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side Ae WL OLA OLALIM S| OMICS iI CalxCIis Keays) ae ee ee See . Ophiactis brachyaspis. 16. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side Ve WAG lag hReerarinel Ol te sneata Gls Kesey epee aa aaa ere 4. Ophiactis gymnochora. 10. a, from above; 6, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk............. BES eter d eee Amphiura carchara. 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk......-.-..... 3. Amphiura leptodoma. X 15. a, from above; iS oat bee é, node WIeWE Obi WOrernIas| OlMts men: dis kes s.5 42st = a ee ee oe . Amphiura euopla. a-c, x 5; d, young, X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, side view of two Sin jOMts trom 2, yOURS sSpeCIMeNn 2. 22)... a. sas ce SS welche slaw Amphiura acrystata. a, X 5; g-1, X 4; a-c, type. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk; d, another specimen from above; e, from below; /, side view of two arm joints near disk; g, another specimen, from above; h, from below; 7, side view, ol iliree-anm joints near diske.-<. 42csc (2 45..-- teen Loe oe Amphiura ecnomiotata. X 8. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side VIG WROMtMTee nits) OlINiS/ i Cale CIS Ke eae =e eet ers ere eee ie Amphiura trachydisca. 4. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side Mew Ono WOMENL [OlntS Neat Gishe.. Sus 2.2 ote coweods ce ese eee. f Amphiura micraspis. X 12. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, side view of an arm joint near AML GL CULM ig AMRIO atee s rs cy ates ge enya 2 peer ages afm aie Sha eres eh Pate eh : Amphiura pycnostoma. X12. a, from above; 6, from nape c, side view of three arm joints near disk..-.-.-.-..--- Amphiura psilopora. X 12. a, from above; b, fom an é; ae view of three arm joints near Tie 8 Ae gM a edd ed Amphiodia urtica. 6. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view Gienivee arm JOINTS Mean GISkes op mtr cpap eat Beisel tee ete Amphiodia craterodmeta. X 6. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk..............--......----- . Amphiodia macraspis. X 5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view Og three arm joimts near disk.2-5... 5.22 2 J ae’ Fe ee = = . Amphiodia periercta. X 3.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, a much younger specimen, POTS SS One, OU eae lie ese ce se eee tape rohan Se gr Amphiodia ancistrota. > 5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, next to the lowest arm spine, 127 131 133 134 136 137 138 139 142 143 144 146 148 148 160 Fig. 70. 79. 80. 81. 90. 91. 92. 93. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Amphiodia digitula. X 8. a, from above; 6, trom below; c¢, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, outgrowths on upper end of genital scales; ereatly emlarged"222)(2 22 i.82 2) Se eee oe . Amphiodia strongyloplax. 9. a, from above; b, from below; e-side view of three joimts near disk... 2.2.22 552. eee eee ieee (2. Amphiodia psilochora. 6. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three’arm jomts neat disk. 2..22 2.2 ee 2. ae . Amphipholis pugetana. X12. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disks-¢ 5. 3)0 2222) eee . Amphioplus rhadinobrachius. 8. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk...........-.......-....-- . Amphioplus acanthinus. 4. a, from above; 6, from below; ec, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, regenerated disk and three POO OMeT ALE) ARNIS | 2).5 22.5 at eee oie eee . Amphilepis platytata. 6. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view. of three-arm joints neat disk’ 2.02: S26 s5- steer eae ee . Amphilimna pentacantha. 5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joimts near disk............-....--.------ . Ophionereis eurybrachiplax. a-c, from Japan, < 3; df, from Cali- fornia, X 2. aand d, from above; band e, from below; cand /, side vaew of three arm, joumtsmear:disies Sao5.. So See eee Ophiocrasis dictydisca. a-c, X7; d-g, X11. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk; d, a younger speci- men, from above; e, the same, from below; /, side view of three arm joints near disk; g, another young specimen from above, show- ing the inequality of the two trios OF ariig +. 2 ee ee eine Ophiodoris pericalles. 4. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side wiew of three arn joimts: wear diskt{) << 2202525: 24 49) Se ees ee Ophiomitra cardiomorpha. 4. a, from above; b, from below; ¢ sidelview.or two arm jommtsmear disk. .62s-5-e soe eee eee ee eee . Ophiomitra discycla. 9. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of two'arm) joints near disk.-1! 2. Je. SSP ee ee eee 3. Ophiomitra habrotata. 15. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk). 25.2220. . 022 ee ONS See . Ophiomitra microphylax. 6. a, from above; 06, from below; exside view) of two ann] omnibspmeamidiskes sees sass eee errr 5. Ophiomitra bythiaspis. 5. a, from above; b, from below; e¢, side view of two arm, jomits near disks ace ee eer ae ee eee }. Ophiomitra polyacantha. 8. a, from above; 6, from below, c, side view of two arnt joints near disk. 120 - ee alos eee ee ee . Ophiomitra codonomorpha. 4. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of tworarm joimts-mear disk: +2. es) eee ee ee . Ophiomitra acontophora. X16. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk. -.-....-2./...-4....2: . Ophiocamax lithosora. 3. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two:arm, joints near disk. 22. 9.) 0 2 eee aes Ophiocamax polyploca. 3. a, from above; 6, from below; e¢, side view of two arm. joints mear, disk 5-22! ooo ee Ophiacantha adiaphora. 7. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arni yomts near disk. 92. 1-27.28) fae ee ee Ophiacantha rhachophora. 8. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side View of two'arm joints near diskY..)). 2.2522 een Ophiacantha omoplata. 8. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 163 164 165 167 168 169 7a! 172 176 178 180 181 183 184 186 187 189 190 192 193 199 201 202 Fie. 94. 95. 96. Die 98. 99. 100. 101. Alte 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Ophiacantha acanthinotata. X6. 4, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk........-..--.------------- Ophiacantha anchilabra. X6. a, from above; 6, from below; c¢, side view of two arm joints near disk..........----------------------- Ophiacantha trachybactra. 4. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk.......-.------------------ Ophiacantha diplasia. 2.25. a, from above; 6b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk.......-..----------------------- Ophiacantha enneactis. X10. 4a, from above, showing one arm nearly complete; 6, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints TUES APN CHT [So Re aye ce ee ee ene ee oh aed ede et ny Soir sam Ophiacantha prionota. 9.5. 4, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk ........--------------*--------- Ophiacantha cataleimmoida. X3. 4, from above; 6b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk........------------------- Ophiacantha cedidisca. X95. 4, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk......-----------------------+--- . Ophiacantha leucorhabdota. 3. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk......--------------------- ~) . Ophiacantha eurypoma. 3.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk.......-.------------------ . Ophiacantha lepidota. 10. 4a, from above; 5, from below; c¢, side view of two arm joints near disk.....-.---.--------+----+-+-------- . Ophiacantha euphylactea. 7. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk......-----.-.-------------- . Ophiacantha hylacantha. 4.5. a, from above; 6b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk.......--------------------- . Ophiacantha atopostoma. X09. 4, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk......-----------------+----- . Ophiacantha lambda. 5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk.......------------------+--+------ . Ophiacantha lophobrachia. X12. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk......-.--- TEEPE a Soe . Ophiacantha bathybia. 4. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk...--.--------------+------------ Ophiacantha leucosticta. X38. 4, from above; 6, from below; ¢, three arm joints near middle of arm, seen from below; d, side view of two arm joints near disk ....--.-.----.--------+-----++----++-- Ophiacantha macrarthra. X25. 4, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk. .--...--------------------- Ophiacantha megatreta. 2.29. 4, from below; 0, side view of two arm joints near disk; c, upper view of three arm joints near middle PETE ey ee ree Sona ans ea iat ate ove epee —telatoh oe en na Ophiolebes asaphes. 6. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk.....-.----------+---+---+-+-----> Ophiolebes brachygnatha. X09. 4, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of three arm joints near disk.......------+------------- Ophiolebes pachybactra. X4.5 4, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk. ....-------------+---------- Ophiolebes tylota. 95. 4, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk. .-.--:--------+--+------++5rretcr ct tt Ophiolebes diaphora. 4.5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm joints near disk...---.------------++-22-70rr tt XV Page. 203 205 218 220 999 oLk 241 242 XVI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Fic. 119. Ophiolebes paucispina. 7. a, from above; 6, from below; c¢, side view OL two arm joints near disk. o2e2 4st 22 eee 246 120. Ophiolebes brevispina. a, young specimen, from above, x8. 6, adult, from above, X6. c, from below, <6. d, side view of threejarm joimisjohadult, near disk, <6i-5-2-e-22e 6 = eee 248 121. Ophiophrura liodisca. 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three’arm: joints near disk... 52.2. --22 22262 -22-e eee 249 122. Ophiurases obstrictus. 10. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two.arm joints, mear disk 2.52... - = :- be. ee eee eee 251 123. Ophiologimus hexactis. 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view. of three'arm joints near disk-2-...2....\./)-8 4.4.56 eee 252 124. Ophiostyracium trachyacanthum. 9. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk................-- 254 125. Ophioschiza monacantha. 9. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, : side view, oL twovarm joimts near disks: 5-202 222. see eee 255 126. Ophiomastix mixta. 3. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view ol two.arm joints near disk-- 52.22.25. ssesoee se eee eee 256 127. Ophiothrix koreana. 3. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side view of two, arm joints mear-disk-32.\4).4c- 5. eee eee ee eee 260 128. Ophiothrix koreana. @, part of specimen from station 5055, from above, <6; 6, part of specimen from station 4878, fromabove, X8... 261 129. Ophiothrix spiculata. 4.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side VAC WiOL yy ceVED 1] ONS le eU CLS Kee eee eae ere 262 130. Ophiothrix hylodes. 5. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side View of two arm. Joints'near disks: <4. 5.4) acre eee 263 131. Ophiothrix panchyendyta. a, from above, 5; b, from below, 5; c, side view of two arm joints near disk, 5; d, an upper arm plate, 15; ¢,, an under arm plate, <1; 7, a tentacle); x15 eee 264 132. Ophiothrix eusteira. 8. a, from above; b, from below; c¢, side view Of two/arm joints mearidisk. +=. 0.2... she ose eee 266 133. Ophiothrix macrobrachia. 4.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view, of two arm joints near disk... 2-24.54 4325e eee 267 134. Ophiobyrsa acanthinobrachia. 2.5. a, from above; 6b, from below; ¢, side, view. of tworarna jomts near disk. -.22.225.5) 55) eee 269 135. Ophiobyrsa synaptacantha. x4. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view? of three-arm) joints near disky.<....-25-- 222 e eee 270 136. Ophiomyxa anisacantha. 2.5. a, from above; b, from below; c. side view of two'arm joints near ‘disk: ...-. 34. 355552 ee eee 272 137. Ophiophrixus acanthinus. x4. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two'arm joimis near disk...) -- 2-0) |e eee 273 138. Ophiocynodus corynetes. 2. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of twoarm jomts near disk. 1.-.252. 2525. =a 275 139. Ophiosyzygus disacanthus. 3. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two.arm joints near disk 2... 2225 9-225..5.0ee eee 276 140. Ophiohymen gymnodiscus. X6. a, from above; b, from below; ¢, side view of two arm) joints near disk!2_25..-_). 0.) eeeeee 278 141. Ophioleptoplax megapora. 8. a, from above; 6, from below; ¢, side’ view Of two'arm jomts near disk.*..2..4-000. 5520 279 142. Asteroporpa hadracantha. 7. a, from above; b, from below; ¢ side view of three-arm joints near: disk. .-J.2.205. 590 eee 281 143. Astrochele laevis. 2.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm jomts near disk:2:.0.229 26) eee 282 144, Euryale anopla. 1.5. a, from above: b, from below; c, side view of three'arm joints near disk:< 24. 2955... o5e Bee 295 NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. By Husert Lyman Cuark, Of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge. Mass. INTRODUCTION. The collection of Echinoderms made in Japanese waters by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in 1900 was placed in my hands soon after its return to this country, and a preliminary examination showed that the Ophiuroidea formed the largest and perhaps the most interesting section of it. Various circumstances interfered with the completion of a report at that time, so that the collection was still in my hands when, in 1907, I was asked to undertake the study of the much more important and extensive series of ophiurans col- lected by the Albatross in 1906. After that work was well under way, Doctor Rathbun, of the National Museum, requested me to take over the entire series of North Pacific ophiurans in that museum and make my report inclusive of all three collections. It was agreed to make lat. 35° N. the southern limit on the American coast, of the oceanic area to be covered by the report, and lat. 30° N. the southern limit on the Asiatic coast. As a result of this arrangement there has been confided to my care an extraordinary amount of material, consisting of over 40,000 ophiurans, representing about 190 species. The great bulk of these were collected by the Fisheries steamer Albatross during her various voyages to and from Alaska, Bering Sea, and Japan, but there is also much material from Alaska collected by a number of different naturalists, some of 1t more than forty years ago. There are also some very valuable specimens col- lected by the United States exploring expedition in Japan half a century ago. In view of the fact that very little work has ever been done on the ophiurans of the North Pacific, it is not strange that a very large per- centage of the species in this collection proves to be undescribed. Since the publication of Lyman’s monograph, based on the Challenger ophiurans, the number of known species has increased from 450 to over 1,100. Aside from a number of less important papers, Lyman’s 34916°— Bull. 75—11——1 2 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. report on the Blake ophiurans (1883), Brock’s work on East Indian species (1888), Liitken and Mortensen’s report on the Albatross Panamic ophiurans (1899), and, more recently, the great works of Keehler on the ophiurans of the Travailleur and Talisman, of the Investigator and of the Siboga, have added enormously to the list of known species. Unfortunately, however, no one has attempted to coérdinate this mass of material with that contained in the Challenger report, and as a result it is exceedingly difficult at the present day to determine exactly what species are really valid, or to decide whether a given specimen belongs to a known species or not. There can be little doubt that when our present knowledge is finally systematized, some, if not many, of the species here described as new will prove to belong to known forms, though an honest endeavor has been made to avoid the needless production of new names. Every one who has done any work on ophiurans knows how difficult it is to grasp a mere description without figures, even though it be very full and accurate. I am therefore very grateful that the authorities of the National Museum have approved of the extensive illustrating of this report. And I take pleasure in acknowledging, also, with sincerest gratitude, the patience and skill with which Miss Violet Dandridge has made the figures. The classification of the Ophiuroidea as it stands to-day is little short of absurd. Not for over thirty years has any attempt been made to put it on a rational basis. Lyman never pretended to offer any clas- sification of the group, though the material for a thoroughly scientific one was put into the generic descriptions and the plates of the Chal- lenger report. His knowledge of ophiuran morphology was extraor- dinary and had not illness and death cut short his career, he might have given us a natural and satisfactory arrangement of the class. Since his day no zoélogist has devoted himself to the subject with sufficient concentration to warrant the attempt to set forth a rational classification, and consequently I find myself obliged to follow, in this report, a classification based on a compilation of the work of Lyman and some of his successors. The families which are adopted are of very unequal value and their limits are generally hazy. In fact it is difficult to discover any reason why certain genera are placed where they are rather than in another family. For example the genus Ophioconis is placed in the Ophiodermatide, although it is practically indistinguishable from Ophiacantha. Any limitation of the Ophia- canthidz which excludes Ophioconis must exclude also a number of species of Ophiacantha and even of Ophiomitra. The last genus, by the way, can not be separated from Ophiacantha by any natural lines, so long as the two are used in the present broad sense, and yet in the current classification they are placed in different families. Lack of time as well as lack of knowledge compelled me to abandon any at- NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 3 tempt in this report to present an improved classification of the Ophiuroidea, but it is at least permissible for me to make this protest against the one which I am obliged to use. One of the principal reasons why the ophiurans are such a difficult group to classify is found in our ignorance of their growth changes. It has been recognized for some time that the number of arm spines and oral papillze often increases with age, and Lyman called attention in the Challenger report to other changes which he had noted, partic- ularly in Ophiactis and Ophiacantha. What is needed is a detailed study of the growth changes in some one species of each family, bring- ing out just what characters are evidences of immaturity. Ludwig, in his Jugendformen von Ophiuren @ has made an excellent beginning for a number of the viviparous species, but such work needs to be ear- ried much further. The study of this collection has satisfied me that Jackson’s? law of “localized stages”’ is a very real help in determining the possible rela- tionship between small and large individuals of the same genus. For the ophiuran arm reveals at and near the tip the characters of youth and one can thus compare the base of the arm of a small specimen with the middle or tip of the arm of a large individual with most sug- gestive results. The extent to which the youthful characters are localized varies with different species, but as a rule they are suffi- ciently clear to make comparisons conclusive. Another interesting matter is variation in the extent of calcification or of resorption of calcareous matter, which many species of ophiu- rans, especially in the family Amphiuride, reveal. As a rule, calcifi- cation progresses more or less steadily from youth on, so that old in- dividuals are much heavier and more solid, relatively, than young ones. This is especially true in the Ophiolepidide, where the increase may be shown not only by the heavier plates but by lumps and swell- ings upon the plates, wanting or only faintly indicated in young individ- uals. In the Amphiuride and a few species of Ophiura, however, it is often true that resorption exceeds the deposit of lime, andasa result the old individuals may have most of the disk scales and even the margins of the basal arm plates extensively, if not completely, resorbed. In such species, while a small specimen will have the disk well covered with scales, both above and below, larger individuals have the inter- brachial spaces below entirely bare, and old ones may have no disk scales at all except just around the radial shields. Other factors than that of age appear to enter into the matter, however, for individuals of the same size may reveal great differences in the amount of calcifi- cation. It seems quite possible that external factors, such as food, composition of the sea water, character of the bottom, etc., may be the a Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, vol. 14, 1899, pp. 210-235. bR. T. Jackson, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1899, p. 4. 4 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. essential ones in determining the relative rates of calcification and resorption. The total number of species included in the present report is 189, of which 129 are here described for the first time. The number of genera represented is 51, of which 12 seem to be entirely new, and one other has been formed for a previously known species. At the same time, the large amount of material available has enabled me to satisfy myself that a number of species, hitherto accepted as valid, are really identical with others either of earlier date or from which, owing to insufficient material, they were supposed to be distinct. In this way no less than fourteen names are relegated to the ranks of synonyms. As many of the supposedly new North Pacific species are represented by only a few specimens, often by only a single one and that in poor condition, I have hesitated much over giving them names, but have concluded that as a matter of convenience to later writers it is better to designate them definitely, even though ultimately some of the names have to be abandoned. In a few cases the question has arisen whether subspecies should be recognized or not, but it has been invariably answered in the negative, as our knowledge of ophiurans, their variation and their distribution, is as yet too imperfect to permit any wise use of sub- specific names. The situation is somewhat different as regards varietal names, and I have made use of two such in connection with the widely spread Ophiopholis aculeata which appears in the northern Pacific in an extraordinary array of dissimilar forms. As no one of the forms appears to be characteristic of a particular region it would be inaccurate to regard any of them as subspecies, but as two of them are very common and easily recognized they are treated as varieties of the typical form. A few details in regard to the collection may be of interest, even if not of great scientific importance, and I venture to add them here. Although there are altogether 189 species (and the two varieties of Ophiopholis aculeata referred to in the preceding paragraph), yet more than three-fourths of the specimens are furnished by the fol- lowing five species: No. of different Species. seats stations where taken. ODRGUTO SONS ers fart yee ee at ec A Ch 20, 932 164 Ophiopholis aculeata (including the two varieties).........................------.--. 4,192 166 Ophiacantha norman: se st ee I ase 4,056 44 Ophiuraileptoct ena sc2o. se C8 Pi ae RI Se Boers et A ea 2,037 47 Ophiuramodosd: S202 oS eer a ee See Se ne eee ee 1, 067 46 NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 5 Four other very common species are represented by more than 300 specimens each: No. of 5 different Species. Speci- | stations mens where taken. COMET AL ILL EIL Uke, rR RE aT Nee ee ia CA ee oS INES SB eee Non 658 24 Asteronyz loveni.......--.... WE Pres hc eis apa sta isto oe aia olathe Meera eS a = oceania ete 498 32 COD HIOUPREDICON ENT Dae ayer metab ae Wien Urs says Serie td eNO Catt, DMEM ON Ope te ba 56 CHOTUOTOCODILALUS CON UIs aa Oe ee ae eS A eee s, Maes er PR SEEMS Oe Lee 304 105 There are 559 different stations represented in the collection, but at 218 of these only a single species of ophiuran was taken and at 141 other stations only two species occurred. There are 14 stations at which ten or more species were collected. The average number of species to the station is 2.6, but if there is left out of the account those at which only one or two species were taken the average num- ber rises to 4.8. The largest number of species taken at any one station was at station 4893, which is southwest of the Goto Islands in the Eastern Sea. Here, at a depth of about 100 fathoms, with a bottom temperature of 55.9°, the following seventeen species were found: O phiarachnella megalaspis. Ophiacantha pentagona. Ophiozona elevata. O phiacantha rhacho phora. Ophiozona projecta. Ophiacantha normani. Ophiura sculpta. Ophiurases obstrictus. O phiocten charischema. Ophiothrix koreana. Ophiomusium simplex. O phiothriz macrobrachia. Ophiodoris pericalles. Ophiomyxa anisacantha. Ophiomitra habrotata. Astroceras pergamena. Ophiocamax polyploca. This is a much larger number of species than was taken at any one of the Challenger stations, but it does not equal the famous haul made by the Hassler off Barbados in 100 fathoms, when twenty species of ophiurans were taken, and it is far behind the record estab- lished by the Blake at her station 269, off St. Vincent, British West Indies, in 124 fathoms, where twenty-three species of fifteen genera, were collected.¢ It is interesting to note that warm water is not essential, however, to a large and diversified ophiuran fauna, for the next largest number of species taken at one spot was at station 4781, which is near Agattu Island, Aleutians, in 482 fathoms with a bottom temperature of 38.6°. Here sixteen species were taken, representing a This record was equaled by the Siboga near the Ki Islands, at station 251, where in 114 fathoms, twenty-three species were taken, representing sixteen genera. But while the Blake took a twenty-fourth species at its next station (270), the Siboga found no other ophiurans in the immediate vicinity of its best haul. 6 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. nine genera; none of the species is identical with any taken at station 4893, but six of the genera are. The collections made at the stations in a given district indicate that remarkably diversified ophiuran faunas exist in the North Pacific Ocean under widely different conditions. The most diversified fauna, as we might naturally expect, is that found in the subtropical Hastern Sea, off Kagoshima Gulf, where, on August 16, thirty species were taken at stations 4933-4939. These thirty species represented twenty-one genera and every family except the Ophiocomidx, which, however, doubtless occurs in the region; eighteen of the species and one of the genera were previously unknown. Quite a different fauna exists about the western end of the Aleutian chain of islands, where, at stations 4781-4784, twenty-one species were found. Here, how- ever, there are only ten genera represented and the families Ophio- dermatide, Ophiocomide, Ophiothricide, and Ophiomyxide are wholly wanting. Thirteen of the species were previously unknown. Sagami Bay demonstrated anew the extraordinary richness of its marine fauna by revealing twenty-nine species of ophiurans at sta- tions 5085-5095, while eleven other species were taken just outside at stations 5083 and 5084. But these forty species represent only sixteen genera and nineteen of the forty were previously known. The fauna of Sagami Bay is not therefore quite so diversified as that off Kagoshima Gulf. In the descriptions of the new species I have thought it better to give an estimate as to the length of the arms, even though they may be all broken in the type-specimen, than to leave that important point in doubt. Where the measurement is given without qualifica- tion it may be understood to represent the actual measurement of an unbroken, normal arm, but when the word ‘‘about”’ precedes the figures given, it indicates that the measurement is based on a careful valculation from data furnished by other specimens. The addition of the word ‘‘probably”’ shows that satisfactory data for calculation were lacking and the measurement is therefore quite open to ques- tion. The number of arms is five in all cases, unless there is direct assertion of some other number being present. The type-specimens of all the new species described are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, Washington, but cotypes of more than two-thirds of them are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. For the pleasure and profit of studying this great collection I desire to extend my sincere thanks to the Hon. George M. Bowers and Dr. H. M. Smith of the Bureau of Fisheries, and to Dr. Richard Rathbun of the U. 8. National Museum. For the collaboration of an excellent artist, Miss Violet Dandridge, and for many other NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 7 courtesies in the preparation and publication of this report I am indebted to the National Museum, and for many helpful suggestions to Doctor Rathbun and Miss Mary J. Rathbun. THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORTH PACIFIC OPHIUROIDEA. Doubtless the most interesting result of the study of the mass of material which has just passed through my hands is found in the light which it throws on the distribution of the species of ophiurans with reference to the shore lines, to the depth and temperature of the water, and to each other. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The great bulk of the collection is made up of species from southern Japan, no less than 112 of the 189 species (60 per cent) being nearly or quite confined to that region, at least so far as the present collection reveals their distribution. As a good example of this group may be cited Ophiura sterea, which was taken at fourteen stations on both the eastern and western coasts of Japan as far north as 38°. On the eastern coast few of these 112 southern species extend beyond lat. 38° N. and most of them seem to find their northern limit in or near Sagami Bay. On the western coast, however (i. e., in the Sea of Japan), they apparently extend somewhat farther north, as far as Tsugaru Strait (nearly 42°) and occasionally farther, even beyond the forty-third parallel. Yet nearly one-third of the 112 southern species were not taken on either coast north of the thirty-third par- allel and do not appear to enter the Sea of Japan nor to extend up the east coast of Honshu Island. A large group of species which do not extend into the Sea of Japan do follow the southeastern coast of the islands as far as Suruga Gulf. On the other hand, there are very few species which occur in the Sea of Japan which do not also occur in Suruga Gulf or Sagami Bay, so that the ophiuran fauna of the Sea of Japan is apparently far less varied than that of the Pacific shores of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kiusiu islands. There can be no question that this very rich ophiuran fauna of southern Japan is closely allied to the still richer East Indian fauna, although it is far from identical with it, for scarcely a dozen of the 112 species comprising the Japa- nese fauna have yet been taken in the East Indian region. While there is little reason to doubt that further collecting will show a much larger number of species common to the two regions, it seems both proper and desirable to recognize the assemblage of species around southern Japan as a distinct group, which we may conven- iently call the Honsuu fauna. Aside from this Honshu fauna, the largest assemblage of species from a given district is shown at the opposite extreme of the area 8 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. explored by the Albatross, namely, the vicinity of the Aleutian Islands and northward. As this group is particularly characteris- tic of Bering Sea, it may well be called the Brrine fauna. It is made up of some twenty-four species, of which Ophiura maculata may be cited as a typical example; this species is represented in the collection from eighteen different stations, of which the farthest north is about lat. 71° N.,.the farthest south at 52°, the farthest east is about long. 166° W., and the farthest west near long. 159° E. It will be noted that these limits are practically those of Bering Sea itself, except to the northward, where several of the twenty-four species extend into the Arctic Ocean. Two of the twenty-four were taken as far east as long. 136° W., but only in water exceeding 1,500 fathoms in depth; none of the others were found east of 148° and only one east of Kadiak. To the southwestward, however, we find three species extending their range along the Kurile Islands into the Okhotsk Sea. Connecting the Honshu and Bering faunas are a group of sixteen species, which either range from Bering Sea southwestward into the sea of Japan or southeastward below lat. 52° N., or else have been taken as yet only in the vicinity of Sakhalin or the Hokkaido. Asa rule, however, it is easy to see with which fauna these species are naturally allied, and the following list is an attempt to assign each to its proper place: Ophiura brachyactis. Bering fauna; indicated by its occurrence only in extremely cold water in the Okhotsk Sea. Ophiura flagellata. Probably neither Bering nor Honshu, but more properly regarded as Oceanic. (See below.) Ophiurairrorata. Like O. flagellata. Ophiura penichra. Honshu fauna; indicated by relationship to sterea and the locality where taken, south of the Hokkaido. Ophiura quadrispina. Bering fauna, but extending southwestward into the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Ophiopenia disacantha. Bering fauna, rarely extending into the Sea of Japan. Ophiopholis mirabilis. Honshu fauna; indicated by its temperature range. Amphiodia craterodmeta. Bering fauna, rarely extending into the Sea of Japan. Ophiacantha adiaphora. Bering fauna; indicated by temperature range; rarely extend- ing southward to Sea of Japan and Sagami Bay. Ophiacantha bathybia. Bering fauna; indicated by temperature range; extending southward to 51°. Ophiacantha bidentata. Bering fauna; indicated by temperature range; extending southward into the Sea of Japan. Ophiacantha cataleimmoida. Bering fauna, extending southward on the east coast of Japan. Ophiacantha rhachophora. Completely connects the two faunas and can not be assigned certainly to either one. Ophiolebes asaphes. Bering fauna; indicated by temperature range and by distribu- tion of its related species. Ophiolebes brachygnatha. Bering fauna. Ophiolebes tylota. Bering fauna, rarely extending into the Sea of Japan. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 9 Leaving Ophiura flagellata and O. irrorata to be considered later, we find that with the single exception of Ophiacantha rhachophora it is possible to assign each of the above species to its proper fauna, and by so doing it appears that of the total 189 species 114, or more than 60 per cent, belong to the Honshu fauna and 35, or 18.5 per cent, belong to the Bering fauna. The two faunas therefore include about four-fifths of the species collected. The next most important group of species is made up of those which occur throughout the entire North Pacific or which have been taken at such widely separated stations, it seems most probable that such is their distribution. There are fourteen species in this group, as follows: Ophiura sarsvi. From 55° 59” N. to 32° 27’ N. in the Eastern Sea and to Monterey on the California coast; 5 to 695 fathoms. Ophiura leptoctenia. From 55° 35’ N. to 33° 35’ 20” on the eastern coast of Japan and to 47° 22” on the American coast; 67 to 1,771 fathoms. Ophiura cryptolepis. From 58° 17’ N. to 34° 10’ 30” on the Japanese coast and to 47° 29’ 30’ on the American; 230 to 636 fathoms. Ophiura ponderosa. From 58° 17’ N. to 48° 43’ 30” on the Asiatic coast and to 36° 497 20’ on the American; 75 to 456 fathoms. Ophiocien pacificum. From 51° 23’ N. to 34° 4’ 20 on the Japanese coast and to 45° 30’ on the American; 501 to 876 fathoms. Ophiomusium lymani. From 52° 297 to 30° 59’ on the Japanese coast and to 47° 22’ on the American; 70 to 1,588 fathoms. Ophiomusium jolliensis. From 45° 97 35’ N. to 33° 35’ 20’ on the Japanese coast and to 36° 49’ 20’ on the American; 167 to 505 fathoms. Ophiopholis aculeata and varieties. From 58° N. to middle Japan and California; shore to 1,030 fathoms. Amphiura carchara. From 56° 55’ N. to 35° 9” 40’ on the Japanese coast and to 47° 25/7 30’ on the American; 60 to 1,973 fathoms. Amphiodia euryaspis. From 54° 367 30” N. to 36° 67 5’” on the Japanese coast and to 36° 44’ 45’ on the American; 68 to 318 fathoms. Ophiacantha normani. From 58° 177 N. to 32° 32’ on the Japanese coast and to 45° 97 35’ on the American; 40 to 987 fathoms. Ophicantha bairdi. From 54° 32’ N. to 33° 53’ N. on the Japanese coast and to 47° 297 30’ on the American; 344 to 943 fathoms. Asteronyx loveni. From 57° N. to 34° on the Japanese coast and to 36° 41’ 50’ on the American; 83 to 918 fathoms. Gorgonocephalus caryi. From 59° 22’ N. to 30° 57’ 20’ on the Japanese coast and to 37° 21’ on the American; 8 to 578 fathoms. An examination of this list reveals some very interesting facts. Of the fourteen species nine were previously known, and six of these from outside the North Pacific region, as here restricted; five are known from the Atlantic Ocean. All of the fourteen show a consid- erable bathymetrical range; ten occur in less than 100 fathoms, while all are found at depths exceeding 300 fathoms; three have a bathymetrical range of over 1,500 fathoms. With only one excep- tion these species extend farther south on the Asiatic than on the American coast. As would naturally be expected, nearly all have 10 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. a considerable temperature range; all occur in water colder than 40° F., and seven were found in water below 32°, yet six live in water warmer than 50°. These facts all go to show that we have here a group of hardy, adaptable species, able to live and apparently to prosper under very diverse conditions. Such a group may appro- priately be spoken of as the Oceanic fauna. To this fauna may well be assigned four other species, whose range is more discontinuous than that of the species just discussed, but which probably belong, nevertheless, to the same group. Two of the four have already been referred to in connection with the list of species Jjoming the Honshu and Bering faunas. In placing them in the Oceanic fauna I am, of course, influenced by their known distribution outside of the North Pacific area. Ophiura flagellata. From 54° 33’ 30’ N. to 9° 3” 24’ N.on the coast of India; 53 to 876 fathoms. Ophiura irrorata. From 55° 23 N. to New South Wales, 600 to 2,200 fathoms. The other two species to be added to the Oceanic fauna are— Ophiernus adspersus. From 33° 25’ 20’ N. to Cape Comorin, India, to 10° 21’ 8. be- tween Sumba and Timor, and to the Galapagos Islands; 244 to 1,997 fathoms. Amphiura diomedex. From 36° 46’ N.to 9° 3/ 24” 8., between Sumba and Flores and to Galera Point, Ecuador; 39 to 1,573 fathoms. To the Oceanic fauna then, eighteen species are here assigned. There are four species (Amphiura acrystata, Amphiodia macraspis, Amphioplus hexacanthus, Ophionereis eurybrachiplax), which are reported from off the coast of California or Washington, although most of the specimens were taken in Japanese waters. In the present condition of our knowledge it is impossible to give the exact faunal position of these species, but I am inclined to consider them as members of the Honshu fauna, whose range as far as American waters is open to some doubt. An interesting group of eight species occurs on the coasts of Wash- ington, Oregon, and California, and has not been found north of the fifty-second parallel. One of these (Ophiopteris papillosa) is a southern species which barely enters the region included in this report.” Of the others, four previously unknown species were taken at only a single station each and may perhaps also be southern species. They are— Ophiomusium multispinum. Amphilimna pentacantha. Amphiodia strongyloplaz. Ophiocynodus corynetes. The three remaining species, which were taken at a number of stations and seem to be characteristic of the region, are— Ophiopholis longispina. Ophiacantha diplasia. Ophiopholis bakeri. * Although Ophiothrix spiculata is recorded in this report from Alaska it, too, is un- questionably a southern species. The Alaskan record is almost certainly a mistake. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. La It is probable that this trio is not an example of a special fauna, but belongs properly with the following group of species, which range from Alaska southward along the American coast and do not occur in the western Pacific: Ophiura liitkeni. Amphiodia occidentalis. Ophiura hadra. Amphiodia periercta. Amphiodia urtica. Amphipholis pugetana. One variety (kennerlyi) of Ophiopholis aculeata is also restricted to thisregion. Since some of these species occur as far south as Southern California, the group is characteristic of the continental coast and may very appropriately be called the AMERICAN fauna. We find, then, as a result of ourstudy of the geographical distribu- tion of the 189 species of Ophiurans in the collection that we can recognize four quite distinct faunas in the North Pacific, as follows: BERING FAUNA. Extends from the Arctic Ocean southward to Kadiak on the American coast and on the Asiatic side to Tsugaru Strait and even into the Sea of Japan: 35 species. HonsHu FAUNA. Surrounds Honshu Island, Japan, but especially characterizes the southeastern and southern coasts and extends an unknown distance south- ward: 114 species. AMERICAN FAUNA. Extends from the Alaskan peninsula southward to California: 9 species. OcEANIC FAUNA. Found distributed more or less regularly throughout the North Pacific: 18 species. (Of the remaining thirteen species, a few are southern species or seem to connect two of these faunal regions, but the distribution of the majority is too imperfectly known to enable us to place them properly.) Before leaving the matter of geographical distribution there are a few points to which it may be well to call attention—the existence of a circumpolar fauna, the occurrence of West Indian species in the North Pacific, and the position of the line between the Bering and Honshu faunas. The existence of a truly circumpolar fauna has been questioned by some zodlogists, but I see no reason to doubt that certain species of ophiurans are completely circumpolar in their distribution. At any rate they are known from north of Europe, Asia, and America, and while there are many regions, often of wide extent, where they have not been taken, such negative evidence is of little value, since such areas have, as a rule,never been zodlogically explored. Furthermore, there are, of course, many places where local conditions forbid the exist- ence of ophiurans; their absence from such places can not therefore be rightly construed as denying their existence in the region. The following North Pacific species are also known from the North io BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Atlantic and from the seas north of Europe and of western Asia and seem to me to be entitled to the name of a CriRCUMPOLAR fauna: Ophiura sarsiv. Ophiopholis aculeata. Ophiura nodosa. Amphiura sundevalli. Ophiura stuwitzir. Ophiacantha bidentata. As regards the occurrence of a West Indian element in the North Pacific fauna, the following species have all been taken in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, or subtropical Atlantic: Ophiura sculptilis. Ophiacantha bairdt. Ophiernus adspersus. Asteronyx lovent. Ophiomusium lymani. But it must be noted that all of them are known from the East Indian region and perhaps represent an intertropical fauna. At any rate, with the possible exception of Ophiacantha bairdi, they can not fairly be considered as distinctively West Indian. The extent of an intertropical fauna is one of the points in the geographical distribution of marine animals upon which much light is needed. That such a fauna exists seems almost certain. The ophiuran fauna of the Okhotsk Sea is not extensive, the Albatross collecting only thirteen species there (stations 5014-5030). Of these five are certainly representative of the Bering fauna, while the other eight belong to the widespread Oceanic group. To the north and east around the southern end of Kamchatka and off the Kurile Islands (stations 4794-4805), six additional species were taken, all belonging to the Bering fauna. Passing south and west through La Pérouse Strait into the Gulf of Tartary, and thence southward along the western coast of the Hokkaido to Tsugaru Strait (stations 4982-5013), no essential change in the fauna is found; the few ophiurans taken are all of either the Bering or the Oceanic fauna. On the other hand, passing through Yezo Strait along the eastern and southern coasts of the Hokkaido (stations 5031-5045), we meet with one species (Ophiura penichra) which, although not taken farther south, is at least suggestive of the Honshu fauna. Passing southward from Tsugaru Strait, in the Sea of Japan (stations 4807-4841) we meet at once with Ophiura stiphra, a characteristic Honshu species, while Ophiothrix koreana, an even more characteristic species, was taken in Hakodate Bay and in Tsugaru Strait. Although Ophiura ediplax was taken above Sado Island, no other representa- tives of the Honshu fauna were taken north of the Noto peninsula, while the Oceanic fauna is still represented by at least three species and the Bering fauna by two or three. As the vicinity of Tsuruga is reached, although Ophiura sarsii is still common, the other Oceanic and the Bering species disappear and are replaced by five Honshu species. Crossing the thirty-sixth parallel and passing into the east- NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 13 ern channel of the Straits of Korea five other Honshu species appear, while even Ophiura sarsii is now no longer to be found. Returning to the east coast of Honshu Island, we find that the Albatross did very little collecting north of Sagami Bay, and that little was done in the vicinity of Kinkaasan Light, just above the thirty- eighth parallel. In that region the Oceanic and Bering faunas are each represented by two species and the Honshu fauna by one. In Sagami Bay, the abundant ophiuran fauna is almost exclusively Honshu. It appears, therefore, quite clear that the thirty-sixth parallel approximately indicates the line of separation between the Bering and Honshu faunas both in the Sea of Japan and on the Pacific coast. So far as the latter is concerned the reason seems obvious, for it is in this region that Honshu Island bends abruptly northward and the great, warm Kuroshiwo current from the south, on its Pacific side, meets and deflects the cold current from Bering Sea. It is less easy to see why in the Sea of Japan the two faunas should meet along the same parallel, but it is probable that the fauna of that sea has been formed by the entrance of northern species through La Pérouse Strait and of southern species through the Straits of Korea. The local conditions appear to be more favorable to the northern species in that greater part of the sea which lies above the thirty-sixth parallel. ’ BATHYMETRICAL AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION. No less interesting than the geographical distribution is the dis- tribution with reference to depth and temperature. Seven species were taken only in water exceeding 1,000 fathoms. They are: Species. Depth. | es Fathoms. | Deg. F, Ophiura bathybia (taken at four stations)........-.-- Bes SAE ea ens Sree 1, 569-1, 973 35. 1-34.9 GQnnvumra sculplilis (taken.at.one station)... 5-+-.0+---------=-\2+-ce se -< Bane 1,008 36.8 Anthophiura axiologa (taken at one station)........-:.---+2---22--+-t---05-=--- Lobe ope e Ophiambix aculeatus (taken at one station)...........-.-.- Bi Ae oe oer ne ie | 1,008 36.8 Amphilepis plaiytgta (taken at two stations). .-........-..-...-+------.-------- 1, 569-1, 973 35-34. 9 Ophiacantha prionota (taken at one station)..........-. BOSONS aan oe sees | 1,008 36.8 Ophiacantha eurypoma (taken at one station) ..........-...-..--.-------------- 1, 569 34.9 While all are probably abyssal species, so few stations (six) are represented we have almost no light on their real bathymetrical dis- tribution. In view of the bathymetrical range of 965 fathoms (1,008-1,973), the extraordinarily limited temperature range of less than two degrees (36.8°-34.9°) is the most interesting point about this group of species, but it would have more significance were more stations involved. 14 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. At depths exceeding 500 fathoms, sixteen additional species were taken, which were not found at a less depth. They are: Species. Depth. PemEel Fathoms. Deg. F. Ophiura irrorata ......-..---.------eee2 2-2 eee ee oe eee eee 624-1, 800 38. 1-35. 1 Ophiura clasta ...--- DE Seis Rete ers eee ee oe eee an eae ee 507-918 39-36. 8 OPH COT eta aie Oe ee ata aa ae a oe 859-877 36. 6-36. 5 OTA GA GEOCUD meee soe eee ee = = eat are oe ae eee eee 625 37.3 Oppiioctenpacipicwin sas i a2 = re oo ala mae a tc iene 501-876 38. 1-36. 5 Ophiotrochus longispinus......-.-----------+-+-+--+-+--+--------- +--+ 222 r reer eee 918 36.8 Ophiomusium multispinum....-.------------+------+--------+------- sree ese mete 877 36.6 Olphionnitna OYCNIGS Piss =n nee ee aa =e ae a ale lil 943 | 36.4 Ophiomitra codonomorpha.....-..----------------++-+---+------+-+-+++2202+2-2--> 943 | 36.4 Ophiacantha anchilabra........-.-.------=-2-=225---2---=-~-~-----------==-==--| 649-918 38. 1-36.8 Oy SAGO A KATA UU GAR an npna ne oF oo obise 7aaebaasascan ease ses a5=cssoco 5c Bae 876-1, 973 36. 5-34. 9 OpIzcCansia RY VOCU TE eae ae amet sea ee eee i 918 36.8 Ophiacanthailepidorays-\-eae ae eel oe mee aia ae ea ee ee 625 37.3 Osphigen nthe TVG Arn eee aoe) a= =a ate i ea oe 587-943 38. 9-36. 4 OPRAGCONENCMCUCOSTRCLOLD: wren) aps vas asm = arm oe ea oe eta lanl ml 507 39 OPRACCOT ENACT ONTO sasne ster aa ere ee otek lee 584 37.2 With the possible exception of Ophiotrochus, none of the genera in this list are characteristically deep-water forms; all of the others occur in less than 100 fathoms. While twelve species pass the 800-fathom line, only two occur in water exceeding 1,000 fathoms; those two, it will be noted, have a very remarkable bathymetrical range, one of 1,097, the other of 1,176 fathoms. In view of the considerable num- ber of stations involved, the temperature range is very small, only 4.1° (89°-34.9°). Eighteen additional species occur only in water exceeding 300 fathoms in depth; eight of these extend into water exceeding 500 fathoms, but only two pass the 800-fathom line and they do not reach 1,000 fathoms. The temperature range for these eighteen species is 7.6° (42.9°-35.3°). At depths from 100 to 300 fathoms, forty-one species were taken, of which sixteen were found below 300 fathoms, eleven below 500 but only two below 800. The temperature range in this group is very great, over 30° (60.6°-30.4°), but for any one species the ex- treme range is only about 12° (44.1°-31.8°), and for about two-thirds of the species it is less than 5°. There are fifty species which were taken between 50 and 100 fathoms; of these, forty-three extend their range beyond the 100- fathom line, twenty-five beyond 300 fathoms, fifteen beyond 500, six beyond 800, and four beyond 1,000. Naturally the temperature range is extensive, 45° (75.4°-30.4°), though the extreme for any one species is 25.3°; one other species has a range exceeding 20° and for seventeen others it exceeds 10°. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 15 There are two species the depth of whose habitat is not known, but the remainder of the collection, fifty-five species in all, were taken in water less than 50 fathoms deep, and may fairly be considered littoral forms. Of these no less than thirty-four are known to extend their range beyond 50 fathoms, twenty-eight beyond 100, twelve beyond 300, seven beyond 500, four beyond 800, and two even pass the 1,000-fathom line. The temperature range can not be given because there are no temperature records for most of the shallow-water sta- tions, but as Ophiopholis aculeata was taken at the extraordinarily low temperature of 29.8°, it is more than likely that the temperature range for the group exceeds 50°. The extreme range for any one species is 33.8°. It will be noted that of the 187 species whose bathymetrical range is known, 146, or nearly 80 per cent, are distinctly shallow-water forms, having been taken at less than 300 fathoms. Of these 146 species, 55, or 38 per cent, extend their range beyond 300 fathoms, while 35, or 24 per cent, are not recorded from below 100 fathoms. Of the forty-one species not taken in less than 300 fathoms, thirty- one occur below 500 fathoms. Of these really deep-water species, twelve belong to the genus Ophiacantha, six to Ophiura, and three to Ophiomitra. The remainder represent ten different genera, of which the following four may fairly be considered characteristic of the abyssal region: Anthophiura. Ophiotrochus. Ophiambiz. Amphilepis. The following eight species have a bathymetrical range of more than 1,000 fathoms: Species. Fathoms. Range. OUR OME DLOCLOTU SS. Stas Aye, Se, Bae nee ee Ce ee Pee Ses 67-1, 771 1,704 COIN ONOT LOT OLR Reta a BS 2k Speen elt Ritae 2g et ce be Reyes Be IEE Nee 2 600-2, 200 1,600 ROU CNIS OOS PCNSUS nip sean aia. 2 Anco Aas aoe -asercee = eg sce ees 244-1, 997 1, 753 CO BUTTUSUU INL VONYE apa ate ais cise aresohe soars einem (ata SEE a meee eee sale ieee Sante a 70-1, 588 1,518 Onwopnolus aciwleata (Val. j@PONICH) 2... 22 -- 5-2) ese ee as oe ee een eee | 8-1, 030 1,022 BAU Ug TCUT ONGC CHUNG Sets reece TOs eae S20, rete Aw ES NES a oe 2 ee Sc eo 60-1, 973 1,913 MAGLI TONCAO INEM Cee ops AI es edie er oh ee Ie ace a ke Des Sie 8 isi Seer 2 Se 39-1, 573 1,534 ROP TEILE RU IDULONCDILY OL ears etre ese et a hae lees) ofa ore eneiaio ee eS a Seater ase 876-1, 973 1,097 r7 Species. Fathoms. | Range. PONDS MIAMACHCEILUL UM a= = = 2 Sa sania cio = as sieimiae alas mls =elat ae Ss am ele eel ee 65-1, 008 943 MU IGNE CRO COULO DION too tains oe amen ase ma oeiels he ae ela aise eae 229-1, 217 988 QUAERTBLORTONTIUO TICs 0) So os SBE oc eo canis os Sale nels alee seein escin sss sm 40-987 947 16 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. It is worthy of note that eight of these eleven species belong to the Oceanic fauna, two to the Bering, and only one to the Honshu area, which certainly supports the view that species with a great bathymet- rical range tend to become widely distributed. Three other species (Ophiura flagellata, Ophiacantha pentagona, Asteronyx loveni) have a bathymetrical range of over 800 fathoms. Two of these belong to the Oceanic fauna and the third is very widely distributed in the East Indian region. There are fourteen addi- tional species which have a bathymetrical range of over 500 fathoms, and five of these belong to the Oceanic fauna. We see therefore that of the eighteen species belonging to that fauna fourteen have a bathymetrical range of over 500 fathoms, which lends support to the proposition that species occurring on both sides of the North Pacific have a great bathymetrical range. Of the 158 species of whose temperature range we have some record, one (Ophiura brachyactis, two stations) was taken only in water colder than 32° and the following seven were taken only below 36°: Ophiura ediplax, two stations. Ophiacantha eurypoma, one station. Ophiura bathybia, four stations. Ophiacantha omoplata, one station. Anthophiura axiologa, one station. Ophiolebes brachygnatha, two stations. . Amphilepis platytata, two stations. While there can be no doubt that all of these eight species are characteristic of very cold water, the importance of the list is vitiated by the fact that three of the species were taken at only a single sta- tion each, and only one is recorded from more than two stations. There are forty-two other species which were not taken in water warmer than 40° and twenty-three more which were not found above 45°. It is therefore fair to say that not less than 38 per cent of the 189 species in the collection are distinctly cold-water species, and this is rather remarkable when we consider that less than 30 per cent of the 189 belong to the Bering and Oceanic faunas combined; that only 16 per cent are really deep-water species, and that nearly 80 per cent were taken in less than 100 fathoms. On the other hand, there are forty-one species which were not taken in water colder than 50°, and there is every reason to believe that at least two-thirds of those species for which no temperature is recorded (such as the two species of Ophiocoma, the two species of Ophioplocus, four species of Ophiothriz, etc.) belong in the same class. Moreover, there are nineteen additional species which were taken in water warmer than 60°, and two of these occurred at a temperature higher than 70°. It is not unreasonable, therefore, to say that the number of distinctly warm-water species nearly or quite equals that of the cold-water forms. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 17 The rest of the collection, about one-fourth of the species, is made up of forms with remarkable temperature ranges. The following species have ranges of 20° or more: Ophiura sarsii, from 50.1° to 30.1°, a range of 20°. Ophiomusium lymani, from 56.3° to 35.3°, a range of 21°. Ophiopholis aculeata (var. japonica), from 57.8° to 30.4°, a range of 27.4°. Amphiura diomedex, from 68.7° to 34.9°, a range of 33.8°. Amphiodia euryaspis, from 58° to 32.7°, a range of 25.3°. Ophiacantha pentagona, from 62.1° to 36.4°, a range of 25.7°. Ophiacantha normani, from 55.9° to 30.9°, a range of 25°. Ophiothriz koreana, from 68.7° to 42.5°, a range of 26.2°. Gorgonocephalus cary’, from 60.6° to 30.7°, a range of 29.9°. It is interesting to note that seven of these nine species belong to the Oceanic fauna, as might have been expected, while the other two are typical examples of the Honshu fauna. Of the remaining eleven species of the Oceanic fauna, six have a temperature range of more than 10°, while in four it is 3° or less; in Amphiura carchara, which has the enormous bathymetrical range of over 1,900 fathoms, the temperature range is only 7.8°, from 42.8° to 35°. Probably in this species the bathymetrical range is determined by the temperature rather than by any other factor. It is clear that the Oceanic fauna contains two quite distinct ele- ments: One, which we may call group A, and which is much the larger (thirteen species), is made up of forms to which temperature is a sec- ondary factor, and a second, which we will call B, whose wide dis- tribution seems to be due to the uniformly low temperature of deep water. We have already seen (p. 14) that all the strictly deep-water species (1. e., those not occurring in less than 300 fathoms) have a very restricted temperature range, and of course the more abyssal the habitat the more restricted is the temperature range. Although in the present state of our knowledge, group B is only a small part (five- eighteenths) of the Oceanic fauna, it is very probable that all the strictly deep-water species really belong to that fauna, and should not, simply because of their geographical habitat, be placed in the Honshu or Bering or American faunas. If such a redistribution of the species were made, group A would certainly prove to be the less important half of the Oceanic fauna. ASSOCIATIONAL DISTRIBUTION. One of the most interesting phases of the study of a large collection of any group of animals from a limited region is the determination of what species occur together at any given station or in any restricted area. Particularly interesting is it to note whether closely related species occur together or in adjoiing areas or are widely separated from each other. We may approach the matter in two ways; first, 34916°—Bull. 75—11——2 18 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. by an examination of localities, and, second, by a study of the com- moner species. On Bowers Bank, Bering Sea, stations 4767-4775, at a depth of 237-771 fathoms, with a bottom temperature of 38.5°-36.5°, the Albatross collected fourteen species, of which five are Ophiuras and six are Ophiacanthas. Ophiopholis, Ophiolebes, and Astrochele are each represented by asingle species. The Ophiuras (sarsia, leptoctenia, quadrispina, maculata, flagellata) all belong to the typical section of the genus and are very nearly related to each other; leptoctenia and quadrispina are nearer to each other than to any other species, and both are very close to sarsii. The Ophiacanthas (rhachophora, adia- phora, atopostoma, normani, bairdi, macrarthra) are less nearly related to each other, but rhachophora and adiaphora are very closely allied. - On August 9, southwest of the Goto Islands, Kastern Sea, stations 4893-4895, in 95 to 106 fathoms of water, with a bottom temperature of 55.9°, aremarkable assemblage of ophiurans was found, twenty-two species in all, representing sixteen genera. Of Ophiozona, two species were taken, but they are not particularly nearly allied, and the same is true of the two species of Ophiothriz. Ophiomyxa, however, is rep- resented by two very closely related but quite distinct species (anisa- cantha and australis). Ophiacantha furnishes four species, of which rhachophora and pentagona are very closely related indeed. A week later, at the entrance of Kagoshima Gulf, stations 4933- 4937, in 58 to 152 fathoms, with a bottom temperature of 64.8°-56°, a larger number of ophiurans were found than that at any other place, no less than twenty-nine species being taken there. The list is sufficiently interesting to warrant giving it here: Ophiura micracantha. Ophiura stiphra. Ophiacantha granulosa. Ophiacantha lophobrachia. Ophiocten charischema. Ophiomusium laqueatum. Ophiomusium liitkeni. Ophiomusium lunare. Ophiomusium lymant. Ophiomusium simplex. Ophiopholis brachyactis. Ophiactis dyscrita. Amphiura diomedex. O phiodoris pericalles. Ophiomitra polyacantha. Ophiomitra microphylac. Ophiocamax polyploca. Ophiacantha leucorhabdota. Ophiurases obstrictus. Ophiothrix koreana. Ophiothrix macrobrachia. Ophiomyzxa australis. Ophiobyrsa synaptacantha. Ophiosyzygus disacanthus. Asteroporpa hadracantha. Astroceras pergamena. Astrophyton pardalis. Gorgonocephalus caryt. Euryale anopla. The most remarkable points about this assemblage are the absence of Ophiodermatide and Ophiocomide, the very small number of Amphiuridx, and the presence of five species of Ophiomusium, all The two species of Ophiura are rather nearly related to each other. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 19 very different from each other, and the same is true of the two species of Ophiomitra, the two of Ophiothrix, and the three of Ophiacantha. Sagami Bay has long been known as a rich collecting ground, and the Albatross found numerous ophiurans there. At the entrance to the Gulf of Tokio stations 5091-5095, in water 58 to 302 fathoms deep, with a bottom temperature of 57.8°-43.9°, twenty-four species were collected, of which three are species of Ophiacantha, three belong to Ophiopholis, four to Ophiomusium, and six to Ophiura. The most notable cases of closely allied species in this group are those of Ophiura micracantha, sarsii, and flagellata, and of Ophiopholis mirabilis and aculeata. But the best way in which to decide whether closely allied species occur together is to take certain well-defined species whose nearest allies are also North Pacific forms and see whether the two species often or ever occur at the same place. It is not always possible to say what other species is the nearest ally of any given species; such a point is necessarily largely a matter of personal opinion. But for any fair discussion of associational distribution it is sufficient if the two species are closely enough allied so that one might naturally have arisen from the other. The species of the genus Ophiura form a large proportion of the ophiuran fauna of the North Pacific, and of these species sarsi is by far the commonest and most widely distributed. A very closely related species, liitkeni, is also common in the eastern Pacific and there is little doubt that sarsii is the nearest relative of liitkenv. There is no possible question, however, of their specific distinctness, for the difference between them is obvious and remarkably constant. Yet these two species were taken at the same station seven times (stations 2858, 2862, 2882, 3047, 3053, 3059, and Sitka) and twice they were taken at adjoining stations where conditions were essen- tially identical (stations 2867 and 2868, and 2883 and 2884). It is clear, therefore, that they are not geographically or bathymetrically isolated from each other. Another equally interesting illustration of the same facts in the same genus is shown by the species leptoctenia and quadrispina; the latter certainly seems to find in the former its nearest ally, yet the difference between the two is sharp enough to prevent any difficulty of identi- fication. The two species were taken together at stations 3331, 3332, 3337, 4770, 4781, 4791, and 5026. Another species (micracantha) is also very closely allied to sarsti and leptoctenia; it was taken at station 5091, while sarsii occurred close by under identical conditions at station 5092, and leptoctenia not very far away at station 5083. The two species of the new genus Ophiopenia were taken twice at the same station (at Captains Harbor, Unalaska, and at station 2854), and there can be no possible doubt that they are much more nearly allied to each other than to any other known ophiurans. 20 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The genus Ophiomusium throws considerable light on the subject. The species cancellatum and jolliensis are very closely allied, and there is little doubt that the latter is more nearly related to the former than to any other species. Yet they were taken together at stations 3738, 4965, 5079, and 5091. At station 4933, O. liitkent was taken, while at the neighboring station, 4934, under the same conditions, OQ. lunare, avery closely related species, was taken. The three species, lymani, simplex, and trychnum, are very nearly allied and the two latter probably find their nearest relative in the former. At station 4933, simplex and lymani were taken together, while trychnum and lymani were found at stations 3704 and 5092. Furthermore, /ymant was found at station 4956 and at station 4959, only 5 miles away, under nearly identical conditions, trychnum occurred. In the genus Amphiura the species bellis and diomedex are very nearly related; they were taken together at station 3697, and while diomedex occurred at station 5082, bellis was found under identical conditions close by at station 5083. Two species of Amphiodia (macraspis and euryaspis) were taken together at stations 4862 and 4997, but the value of this occurrence is vitiated by the fact that these two so-called species may be identical. At station 3713 Amphiodia ancistrota and A. digitula were found together. In the genus Ophiacantha many of the species are none too well defined, and this is particularly true of the pentagona group, including among others rhachophora and levispina. Nevertheless it is of some interest to record that pentagona and levispina occurred together at station 4916, while rhachophora and pentagona were found associated at stations 3698, 3713, 4893, 4902, 4903, 4965, and 4967. Although Ophiacantha cataleimmoida may be most nearly allied to O. relicta, it is very near normani, and its occurrence with the latter at stations 2853, 3332, 3338, 3340, and 4980 is worthy of note. Of the genus Ophiolebes, four species (tylota, paucispina, diaphora, and brevispina) are so nearly allied that it is hard to determine just what their interrelationships are. At station 3480, brevispina and paucispina were found together; at station 3599, tylota and diaphora occurred; at station 4781, tylota, paucispina, and diaphora were all three taken; and at station 4784 tylota and diaphora were again found. The two species of Ophiomyza, australis, and anisacantha are so closely allied there is no doubt that the former is the nearest relative of the latter; australis was found at stations 4894 and 4895, while anisacantha was taken at stations 4892 and 4893; yet external con- ditions at the four stations were not essentially different. The Japanese basket-fish, Gorgonocephalus sagaminus, certainly finds its nearest ally in G. caryi, yet the two are perfectly distinct. They were taken together, however, at three stations (3707, 4986, - NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 21 4987) and caryi was taken at station 4892 while sagaminus was found close by at station 4894. It seems clear from this unusual array of facts regarding their dis- tribution that ophiurans do not as a group well illustrate ‘“‘Jordan’s Law,” which has been stated as follows: Given any species (or kind) in any region, the nearest related species (or kind) is not to be found in the same region nor in a remote region, but in a neighboring district separated from the first by a barrier of some sort or at least by a belt of country, the breadth of which gives the effect of a barrier.@ Jordan adds (pp. 73, 74): This law holds good as a general rule among animals. The only exceptions yet indicated are found among plants * * *, among Protozoa * * * and ina few cases which seem to be explainable on the ground of reinvasion. So far as we have any evidence there is neither ‘‘ barrier” nor “‘ belt of country” separating the ophiurans mentioned above from their nearest allies. Further evidence in support of this conclusion may be gleaned from Lyman’s reports on the ophiurans collected by the Challenger and the Blake.» One illustration from each will suffice. The genus Ophioplinthus contains only two known species (grisea and medusa); they were taken by the Challenger at the same station (156), in very deep water (1,975 fathoms) in the Antarctic Ocean and have never been taken elsewhere. The Blake collected near Martinique (station 203) in 96 fathoms of water, and near Santa Cruz (station 132) in 115 fathoms, a remarkably well characterized species (tuber- culosa) of Hemieuryale, a genus which was previously monotypic. The known species (pustulata) was, however, common at both the stations where tuberculosa occurred. It may be worth mentioning that Sigsbeia murrhina, whose nearest ally is probably Hemieuryale, was also common at both stations. These cases from the Challenger and Blake collections agree in that the two species concerned in each instance are not merely congeneric and the only known species of the genus, but they are very closely allied, although differing by very definite characters.° One other illustration may be given in this matter, not simply to add weight to the preceding evidence, but because it affords an expla- aD. 8. Jordan, Isolation as a Factor in Organic Evolution: in Fifty Years of Dar- winism, 1909, p. 73. b Keehler’s great work on the Siboga ophiurans furnishes numerous similar cases, but it is not necessary to detail them here. Suffice it to say that at Banda, the Siboga collected eleven species of Ophiothriz, at its station 50, ten species and at station 99, nine species. It also took six species of O phiacantha (in a restricted sense) and five of Ophiura at station 45, and six species of Ophiacantha were also taken at station 85. ¢ Verrill (1899, Oph. Bahama Exp., in Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, vol. 5, p. 70) makes Hemieuryale tuberculosa the type of a new genus, but whether such a genus is accepted or not the fact remains that the nearest ally of tuberculosa is undoubtedly H. pustulata. 22 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. nation why geographical isolation is not necessarily an important factor among marine animals. Throughout the West Indian region one of the commonest genera of brittle-stars is Ophiocoma, of which three well-marked species are found there. Two of these echinata and riisei, are very nearly related and there can be no doubt that the latter finds in the former its nearest ally. The differences between the two species, while neither conspicuous nor of morphological importance, are very constant and perfectly obvious. Yet the two species occur not only on the same reefs and shores, but under the same stones, where they mingle with each other, often in considerable numbers. So far as the records, supplemented by the examination of large series of specimens, living and preserved, show, hybridization between the two species is unknown, yet both are wholly oviparous with external fertilization. The explanation of this curious.situation was discovered by Grave in 1897, when he found that echinata breeds in late July and in August while riised probably breeds in April and May, as it had entirely finished its breeding season before the end of June. We have here then a most striking case of “physiological isolation,” and geographical isolation is no longer a factor with the two species concerned. To sum up the evidence here presented, it seems fair to say that, in view of the large number of cases cited above where Jordan’s law does not seem to apply to ophiurans, geographical isolation has been a less important factor in the specific differentiation of brittle-stars than some form of physiological isolation. CONCLUSIONS AS fO DISTRIBUTION OF OPHIURANS IN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN. 1. Four distinct faunas combine to make up the North Pacific group of species and these are designated as the Honshu, Bering, Oceanic, and American. Of these the Honshu is the largest and most diversified, while the Oceanic is the most widely distributed. 2. Six species, well known from the North Atlantic and the seas north of Europe, confirm the belief in a circumpolar fauna. 3. The line of division, on the Asiatic coast, between the Bering and Honshu faunas, is not at either La Pérouse or Tsugaru Strait, but much farther south, at about the thirty-sixth parallel of latitude. On the Pacific coast of Japan the line is apparently determined by the meeting of the warm Kuroshino current with the cold current from Bering Sea. The Sea of Japan appears to have been colonized by the gradual influx of Bering species through the northern straits and of Honshu species through the straits of Korea, the two groups meeting in the southern half of the sea. 4. About four-fifths of the species are shallow-water forms, only forty-one being confined to water exceeding 300 fathoms in depth. @ See Johns Hopkins.Univ. Circ., no. 137, 1898, p. 8. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 23 There are only four genera represented which can be considered as characteristic of deep water. 5. The distribution of the deep-water species confirms the view that species with a great bathymetrical range tend to become widely distributed. 6. The bathymetrical range of the species in the Oceanic fauna confirms the view that species occurring on both sides of the North Pacific have a great bathymetrical range. 7. Although only one-sixth of the species are deep-water forms and less than one-third belong to the Bering and Oceanic faunas com- bined, nearly two-fifths of the species are distinctly cold-water forms, occurring only in water under 45° F. 8. Two groups of species combine to form the Oceanic fauna: A, composed of hardy species, with great temperature ranges, to whom the temperature of the water seems to be relatively unimportant, and B, composed of species to whom a uniformly low temperature appears to be essential. 9. There seems to be abundant evidence that very closely related species of Ophiurans, often the most closely related, inhabit the same area and that “Jordan’s law”’ does not apply to this class of Echino- derms. 10. There is evidence that “physiological isolation” in some form has been a more important factor than geographical or bathymetrical isolation in the specific differentiation of Ophiurans. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. Family OPHIODERMATID. PECTINURA® ANCHISTA, new species.? Disk 14 mm. in diameter; arms 70mm. long. Disk rather pentago- nal, closely and completely covered by a fine granulation (about 80 grains to a square millimeter), which even conceals the radial shields. Upper arm plates tetragonal and broadly in contact on basal half of arm, but on terminal half becoming triangular and finally well sepa- rated from each other; at first they are much wider than long, even twice as wide, but they ultimately are longer than wide; lateral mar- gins, at first nearly parallel, gradually diverge distally, proximal mar- gin becoming shorter and shorter, until at last it is obliterated. In- terbrachial spaces below covered, like disk, by a fine granulation. Genital slits moderate, about as long as three arm joints. Oral a¥For a revision of Pectinura and allied genera see Clark, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 52, 1909, pp. 111-182. ; b”Aryotoc, signifying next or nearest, in reference to its close relationship to P. cylindrica (Hutton). 94 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. shields about as long as wide, or sometimes longer, rather triangular, with convex sides. No supplementary oral shields. Adoral plates rather small, mostly free from granulation. Oral plates completely concealed by a coarse granulation. Oral papille seven or eight on a side, outer ones truncate, inner pointed, penultimate decidedly largest. No pores between basal under arm plates. First under arm plate large, somewhat pentagonal, much wider than long; succeeding plates rather hexagonal, with distal margin convex, at first wider than long, but soon becoming longer than wide and near tip of arm more than twice as long as wide; distinctly in contact until near tip of arm. Side arm plates moderate, not meeting either above or below, until near tip of arm; each plate carries five to seven flat, pointed spines, of which lowest is longest, but does not quite equal joint. Ten- tacle-scales two, inner, larger, outer overlapping base of lowest arm spine. Color (dried from alcohol), very variable; the type is uniformly whitish; another is variegated with dusky whitish and dull pink or reddish, the arms being dis- tinctly banded; a third has arms distinctly banded and lighter parts spotted with purplish-red, but disk is uniformly whitish. Small C specimens are very light, Fig. 1.—PECTINURA ANCHISTA. 3.5. a, FRom ABove; b, but banding of arms is FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. usu ally d istinct. Localities.— Albatross station 3746, off Suno Saki, Japan, 49 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10”” N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4900, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 28’ 50”’ ING long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 1 specimen; station 4939, Kagoshima Gulf, lat. 31° 18’ 30’ N.; long. 130° 42’ E., 85 fathoms, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 49 to 139 fathoms. Seven specimens. T'ype.—Cat. No. 25645, U.S.N.M., from station 4900. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 2D hed This species is so near P. cylindrica (Hutton) that it is not without much hesitation I have kept them separate. On comparing speci- mens of the two species with each other there are, however, certain differences which seem to be constant and which give the two species quite unlike facies. The color of cylindrica, although variable, is chiefly shades of gray and brown, with no tendéncy to pink or purplish- red, the dominant shades in anchista. The arm spines of cylindrica are also less flattened and are truncate, particularly the lowest, rather than pointed. The arms themselves, moreover, are as a rule more flattened in cylindrica than in anchista and more arm spines are visible when looking down on the animal from above. Finally, cylindrica is a smaller species, 7 to 9 mm. across the disk, with shorter arms, only three or four times diameter of disk. Since cylindrica has not yet been taken outside of the New Zealand region, it seems best to me to regard these trivial differences as specific, at least for the present. OPHIARACHNELLA GORGONIA. Ophiarachna gorgonia MULLER and TroscHEL, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 105. Ophiarachnella gorgonia CuarK, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 52, 1909, p. 128. Locality — Japan, one specimen. As I have elsewhere” discussed in some detail the relationships of .this genus and the synonymy of this species, I do not need to go over the ground here. Suffice it to say that this specimen from Japan is a fine example of Pectinura stearnsii Ives, agreeing in all particulars with the figures and description of that species, which was based on a single large specimen from Japan. Ives’ type was 30 mm. across the disk, while the one before me is even larger, measuring a full 33 mm. The examination of this specimen has confirmed my opinion that stearnsii can not be distinguished from marmorata Lyman, of which it is doubtless the fully grown adult. Nor can I find, from the mate- rial I have examined, or from the descriptions and figures which have been published, any satisfactory characters by which marmorata is to be distinguished from gorgonia. OPHIARACHNELLA MEGALASPIS, new species.? Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms 50 to 55 mm. long. Disk pentag- onal, covered with a close, fine granulation (100 to 175 granules to the square millimeter); radial shields and one or more (usually three) small rounded plates distal to them, just at the base of the arm, bare. Radial shields very large (about 2.5 mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide), smooth and bare; distance between the two shields of a pair is less than the width of a shield and much less than the interradial dis- nea a aBull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 52, 1909, pp. 121-123. é b Mérac (ueyad-), signifying big, and doxéc, signifying shield, in reference to the large radial shields. 26 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. tance between two pairs. Arms rather stout, somewhat flattened. Upper arm plates at first rounded hexagonal and somewhat wider than long, but soon becoming tetragonal with distal side longer than lateral and much longer than proximal, and finally triangular; in contact with each other except at tip of arm. Interbrachial areas covered with a fine granulation like that of disk. Oral shields longer than broad, somewhat rounded pentagonal. Supplementary oral shields often present, roundish; they may be partly or wholly con- cealed by the granulation and they are often wanting in two or more of the interradii; one specimen has none; the type has three large ones (see fig. 2b), one small one, and one minute one. Adoral plates small, at sides of oral shield, mostly free from granulation. Oral plates completely covered by a somewhat coarser granula- tion than that of disk. Oral papillae numerous, eight to ten on a side; distal ones trun- cate, inner ones pointed, pe- nultimate distinctly largest. Genital slits rather large, as long as three arm joints. No pores between basal under arm plates. First under arm plate rather large, diamond- shaped or somewhat pentag- onal, much wider than long; succeeding plates pentagonal, hexagonal, or heptagonal, with more or less rounded corners, at first wider than Fig. 2.OPHIARACHNELLA MEGALASPIS. 4. @, FROM long and broadly in contact ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM with each other, but soon be- ai 6 acess coming longer than wide, and ultimately very long, narrow, and distinctly separated. Side arm plates rather large, but not meeting either below or above, except at very tip of arm; eachone carries nine or ten short, little flattened, bluntly-pointed arm spines, of which the lowest isa little the longest, though it does not equal joint. Tentacle scales two, inner larger, outer overlapping base of lowest arm spine. Color (dried from alcohol), light brown or gray, variegated with lighter and darker shades and with arms more or less distinctly banded with darker; oral surface,whitish. Localities.— Albatross station 3764, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 44 to 50 fathoms, fine gravel, broken shells, 2 specimens; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’”’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 27 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 speci- mens. Bathymetrical range, 44 to 106 fathoms. Seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25600, U.S.N.M., from station 3764. Although this species is obviously related to O. infernalis, it differs so markedly in two important particulars that I have no doubt it is entirely distinct, and there is no other species with which it can be confused. In the first place, the granulation of the disk is nearly twice as fine in infernalis as in megalaspis, there being 400 to 500 granules to the square millimeter in the former. This difference in the size and number of the granules results in a noticeable differ- ence in the apparent smoothness of the disk in dry specimens. The second, and much more noticeable, character in which the two species differ is found in the radial shields; in infernalis they are small, often no larger than one of the other bare disk plates, and never larger than an upper arm plate, while the distance between the two of a pair greatly exceeds the width of the plate. The contrast between these proportions and those shown by megalaspis is thus very striking. OPHIOCONIS DIASTATA, new species.a Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 45 mm. long. Disk covered with a close fine coat of granules, about 130 to the square millimeter at center of disk. Radial shields entirely covered. Upper arm plates triangular, much wider than long, even the basal ones scarcely in con- tact. Interbrachial spaces below finely granulated like the disk above. Oral shields wider than long, with rounded sides and a blunt proxi- mal angle. Adoral plates rather small, narrowest proximally, with outer end more or less concealed by an extension of granulation of interbrachial space, and with tip of inner end often concealed by a coarser granulation which completely conceals the oral plates. Oral papillz four or five on each side, the outermost much the widest; an infradental papilla sometimes present but often wanting; teeth, three or four, moderately wide, rather blunt. First under arm plate, not half as large as second, narrower distally; succeeding plates much wider than long, more or less pentagonal, with a wide proximal angle. Side arm plates large, meeting above and still more broadly below; each carries four or five flat, smooth, hollow, not very acute arm spines; next to uppermost longest, somewhat exceeding joint. Ten- tacle scale single, large, longer than wide, rounded or sometimes bluntly pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. @ Acdotatoc, signifying separated in reference to the widely separated under arm plates. 28 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. | Localities.— Albatross station 4967, off Shio Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 25’.10’’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 20’ E., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.9°, 1 specimen; sta- tion 4968, off Shio Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 24’ 50’’ N.; long. 135° 38’ 40’’ E., 253 fathoms, dark gray sand, brown mud, broken shells, bottom temperature 45.7°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 244 to 253 fathoms. Temperature range, 45.9° to 45.7°. Three specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25531, U.S.N.M., from station 4967. Although there is no doubt that this species is a true Ophioconis, as comparison with both miliaria Lyman and antarctica Lyman has satisfied me, it has raised serious doubt in my mind as to the relation- ships of the genus. Both Liitken and Ly- man regarded Ophio- conis as allied to Pec- tinura and the other Ophiodermatide, but I am unable to find even one constant character to distin- guish the genus from Ophiacantha in the old, broad sense. Un- fortunately neither of the Mediterranean species of Ophioconis is at all common, and I have never seen specimens of either, so that I am unable FIG. 3.—OPHIOCONIS DIASTATA. X6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BE- to reach any definite LOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. conclusions, but i shall not be surprised if some of the species now placed in Ophioconis, really belong in the Ophiacanthide, while others are perhaps properly placed in the Ophiodermatide. The present species, like miliaria and antarctica, has hollow arm spines, certainly a very remarkable char- acter for one of the Ophiodermatide. From all other species of Ophioconis, diastata is distinguished by its few arm spines, widely separated under arm plates, single tentacle scale, and very fine disk granulation, a combination of characters shown by none of the others. OPHIOCONIS PAPILLATA, new species. Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 43 mm. long. Disk closely covered with rather coarse papilla-like granules about fifty to the « Papillatus, signifying shaped like a bud, in reference to the papilla-like granules on the disk. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 29 square millimeter; those at center of disk are longer and more like spinelets than those near margin. Radial shields entirely concealed. Upper arm plates triangular with proximal angle more or less trun- cated, according to amount of contact between them. Interbrachial spaces below covered with papilla-like granules, which become spine- lets near and around oral shields and on oral plates; these spinelets are very little larger than those at center of disk above. Oral shields ellipsoidal, wider than long. Adoral plates rather small, much longer than wide, widest distally, their outlines more or less obscured byspinelets. Oral papillee four or five on each side with often an infra- dental one in addition; outermost very much the widest. Teeth four or five, not peculiar. First under arm plate much smaller than sec- ond, distinctly wider than long; second and succeeding plates more or less pentagonal with a wide proximal angle; seventh and succeeding plates usually wider than long and widely separated from each other; those preceding the seventh are often longer than wide and only slightly or scarcely separated from each other. Side arm plates rather large, meeting c shghtly aboveand more Fic. 4.—OPHIOCONIS PAPILLATA. X6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM or less broadly below; BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF AN ARM JOINT NEAR DISK. each plate carries six or seven long smooth, rather blunt, hollow spines, the uppermost or next to it, the longest, and, at base of arm, equalling or exceeding two joints. Tentacle scale single, very large, about as wide as long. Color (dried from alcohol), very pale fawn or yellowish-brown; beneath and arm spines, nearly white. Localities. —Albatross station 2842, off Aleutian Islands; lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, ten specimens; station 3315, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 42’ W., 277 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 1 specimen; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 30 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 166° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fathoms, mud, 11 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 1 specimen; station (?), 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 72 to 350 fathoms. Temperature range, 41° to 38.5°. Twenty- four specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25643, U.S.N.M., from station 2842. This species is even more Ophiacantha-like than the preceding and I believe its natural relationships are with that genus. But it is so obviously congeneric with Ophioconis miliaria and antarctica that I am obliged to place it in Ophioconis, at least for the present. The resemblance to antarctica is particularly marked in a specimen which has apparently at some time lost its disk; the regenerated disk, which is still incompletely developed is covered by coarse granules, almost exactly like those of the disk of antarctica. But papillata.may always be distinguished from antarctica, aside from the disk covering, by its more triangular upper arm plates, the more spiniform granules of the mouth angles, and the fewer arm spines. Family OPHIOLEPIDID. OPHIOPLOCUS IMBRICATUS. Ophiolepis imbricata MULLER and TROSCHEL, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 93. Ophioplocus imbricatus Lyman, Ill. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 1865, p. 69. There is a single, well-preserved specimen from Okinawa, the principal one of the Riu Kiu Islands. This appears to be about the northern limit of this Indo-Pacific species, which is replaced to the northward by the following closely related but quite distinct form. OPHIOPLOCUS JAPONICUS, new species.¢ Disk 18 mm. in diameter; arms 66 mm. long. Disk closely cov- ered with small scales, largest in the vicinity of the radial shields; primary plates scarcely distinguishable, but on each interradial mar- gin are seven plates larger than the others, the middle one being the largest of the seven. Radial shields bare, but very small and widely separated. Upper arm plates broken up into a considerable number of plates, of which one at each side and five along the proximal border of each arm joint are the largest. Interbrachial spaces below covered with a close scaling, which is finest along the genital slits and close to the oral shield. Genital slits long, extending from the oral shield more than halfway. to disk margin. Oral shields more or less pentag- onal, about as long as wide, with all angles, except most proximal, rounded. Adoral plates, meeting within, somewhat wider at outer than at inner end; oral plates well marked, but smaller than adoral. Oral papille about five on each side, the penultimate much the widest ; « Japonicus signifying belonging to Japan, in reference to the apparently limited geographical distribution. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. ol an infradental papilla commonly present. Teeth about five, very broad, flat, and rounded. First under arm plate more or less trian- gular, much smaller than second; second and succeeding plates quad- rilateral, wider than long, broadly in contact. Side arm plates small, low, each with three short, thick, blunt arm spines, of which the middle one about equals the arm joint; the uppermost is decidedly shorter, the lowest decidedly longer. Tentacle scales, two on prox- imal side of pore, and two, or often only one, smaller, on distal side. Color (dried from alcohol), deep olive-gray; arms irregularly banded with light and dark olive-gray. Localities.—Japan, five specimens; Misaki, Japan, nine specimens; Enoshima, Japan, one specimen; Ayukawa, Japan, six specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25621, U.S.N.M., from Misaki, Japan. FIG. 5.—OPHIOPLOCUS JAPONICUS. 3. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW, C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Although this species is superficially much like imbricatus, it can be at once distinguished from that species by the genital slits which in imbricatus are very short, and never start at the oral shield. In this particular japonicus resembles the species from Southern Cali- fornia (esmarki), but it is at once distinguished from that species by the arm spines, which in esmarki are short and nearly equal. Lyman long ago ® pointed out the peculiar genital slits of Japanese speci- mens of Ophioplocus. OPHIOZONA ELEVATA, new species.! Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 27 mm. long. Disk elevated, 2 mm. thick, covered with about 100 to 150 flat plates or scales, among which the most conspicuous are the centrodorsal, two radial in each radius, one of which lies between the ends of a pair of large — a Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 3, 1874, p. 228. b Elevatus, signifying raised up, in reference to the elevated disk. 32 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. radial shields, and three or four interradial in each interradius, one of which is a very large marginal plate. Radial shields widely sep- arated, oval, slightly wider at outer end. First two or three upper arm plates quadrilateral, much wider than long; succeeding plates in contact with each other, but with proximal side becoming shorter and shorter until each plate is triangular and separated from its fel- lows. Interbrachial spaces below covered with about fifteen plates, of which a marginal one is decidedly the largest. Oral shields with a proximal angle, but rounded distally, about as long as wide. Adoral plates wider at outer end, meeting within; oral plates small and indefinite. Oral papillae, four or five on each side, the penultimate Fig. 6.—OPHIOZONA ELEVATA. X6. @, FROM ABOVE; 5, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. much the largest. Teeth about five; lowest much the smallest. First under arm plate very much wider than long, about one-fourth as large as second, which is somewhat pentagonal, with a rounded distal angle, about as long as wide or longer; third to eighth plates about as wide as long or wider, imperfectly pentagonal, gradually becoming triangular, more or less in contact with each other; succeeding plates triangular, rather longer than wide, separated from each other. Side arm plates large, slightly swollen, meeting above and below beyond eighth to tenth joints; each plate carries two arm spines, the upper decidedly the longer and nearly as long as a joint: Tentacle scales, two, or occasionally three, quite small. Color (dried from alcohol), dull purplish-brown, irregularly and indistinctly marked with darker NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 33 and lighter; arms with three or four narrow, irregular, cream-colored cross-bands; lower surface of disk and arms, yellowish-white. Locality.— Albatross station 4893, off Goto Islands, Japan, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50”’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 3 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25532, U.S.N.M., from station 4893. Although this species is very near bispinosa Koehler, it appears to be well distinguished from that species by the shape of the upper- arm plates and the much shorter arm spines. Keehler’s-figure also indicates that the disk plates of bispinosa are more or less convex or swollen, while in elevata they are perfectly flat, although the disk itself is decidedly elevated, sloping from the central area to the in- terradial margins. OPHIOZONA LONGISPINA. Ophiozona longispina H. L. CLrarK, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6él., vol. 51, 1908, p. 290. Localities.— Albatross station 3706, off Port Heda, Japan, 337 fathoms, green volcanic mud, 50 specimens; station 3707, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, voleanic sand, ashes, gravel, 10 speci- mens; station 3708, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 60 to 70 fathoms, green mud, volcanic sand, ashes, 191 specimens; station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, voleanic sand, shells, rocks, 4 specimens; station 3739, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 55 to 65 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 6 specimens; station 3740, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 65 fathoms, voleanic sand, shells, pebbles, 5 specimens; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50’’ E., 191 fathoms, dark ereen-cray sand, shells, bottom temperature, 49.4°, 2 specimens; station 5055, in Suruga Gulf, Japan, lat. 34° 53’ N.; long. 138° 44’ 15”” E., 124 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bot- tom témperature 56.6°, 1 specimen; station 5095, in Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 5’ 34’’ W.; long. 139° 38’ 36’’ E., 58 fathoms, fine black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.8°, 3 specimens. Bathymet- rical range, 45 to 337 fathoms. Temperature range, 57.8° to 49.4°. Two hundred and seventy-two specimens. The largest of these specimens has the disk 14 mm. in diameter and the arms over 40 mm. long. The disk is covered by about three hundred plates, but two-thirds of these are mere scales intercalated between the regular plates. The first fifteen upper arm plates are in contact and several of the basal ones are pentagonal or tetragonal, and wider than long. Interbrachial spaces below are covered by forty to fifty plates. Under arm plates in contact out to about the fifteenth joint. Oral papille, oral shields, arm spines, tentacle scales and color as in the original specimens. The specimen from station 5055 is peculiar in having much narrower arms than specimens of its own size from station 3708. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——3 34 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. OPHIOZONA PLATYDISCA, new species.@ Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 40 mm. long. Disk very flat and thin, covered by about two hundred scales among which the centro-dorsal, the five primary radial, and the radial shields are conspicuous, while other large plates occur between the proximal ends of the radial shields and in the interradii; but there is no con- spicuous marginal plate in each interradius. The upper arm plates, the covering of the jaws, the oral shields, the oral papille, the under arm plates, the side arm plates and arm spines, and the tentacle scales are like those of elevata. Interbrachial spaces below covered with about thirty plates, no one of which is conspicuously larger than the others. Color (dried from alcohol), dull, light purple, variegated FIG. 7.—OPHIOZONA PLATYDISCA. X4. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. with whitish; arms with four narrow, irregular, whitish cross-bands; lower surface of disk and arms. whitish. Locality.— Albatross station 4965, off Hiro Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50” E.,. 191 fathoms, dark green- gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 3 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25717, U.S.N.M., from station 4965. It seems quite possible that this is the adult form of elevata, but the differences in the form and scaling of the disk have induced me to keep them separate for the present. The absence of a large marginal plate in each interradius, above and below, distinguishes platydisca, but this may be the result of its considerably larger size. From bispinosa this species is at once distinguished by its upper arm plates and shorter arm spines. “I1azéc signifying flat, and déoxo¢ signifying disk, in reference to the flat, thin, disk. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 35D OPHIOZONA POLYPLAX, new species. Disk, 17 mm. in diameter; arms 53 mm. long. Disk flattened, covered with a close coat of three hundred (or more) scales, among which the centro-dorsal and five radial can be easily distinguished, though they are not conspicuous. Radial shields rather large and widely separated. Upper arm plates more or less triangular, those at base of arm becoming tetragonal by truncation of proximal angle; first two or three much wider than long; only the basal four or five in contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered with about thirty plates. Oral shields pentagonal with sharp proximal angle and rounded distal angles. Adoral plates large, wider without than within, where they meet; oral plates small. Oral papillee about five on each side, the penultimate largest. First under arm plate very small, triangular or diamond shaped, much wider than long; second, Cc Fig. 8.—OPHIOZONA POLYPLAX. X 3. a@, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO AND A HALF ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. third, and fourth plates tetragonal, becoming hexagonal, longer than wide; succeeding plates hexagonal with rounded distal angles, be- coming pentagonal, wider than long, until outer part of arm is reached where they are widely separated and are longer than wide. Side arm plates large but little swollen, meeting above beyond the third or fourth joint and below beyond the seventh or eighth; each plate carries two thick, blunt spines of which the upper is the longer, but is distinctly shorter than a joint. Tentacle scale single, moder- ately large. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly uniformly white, the disk strongly tinged with gray above. Localities — Albatross station 4957, off southeastern Japan, 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4969, off Shio Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 587 fathoms, brown mud, @ Jodbe signifying many and xidé signifying anything flat and broad, a plate, in reference to the numerous disk plates. j 36 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sand, stones; bottom temperature 38.9°, 1 specimen; station 4972, off Shio Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 45” N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 24 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 437 to 587 fathoms. Temperature range, 39.8° to 38.1°. Twenty-six specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25624, U.S.N.M., from station 4969. This species is obviously near both alba Liitken and Mortensen and longispina H. L. Clark. It is easily distinguished from alba by the scaling of the disk and the much larger (relatively) radial shields; there are also slight differences in the side arm plates, the oral shields, and the arm spines, so that the two species look unlike. From longispina, the upper arm plates, side arm plates, and arm spines are quite sufficient to distinguish it, the general facies of the two species being quite different. OPHIOZONA PROJECTA. Ophiozona projecta K@uiLer, Siboga Litt. Oph., 1905, pt. 2, p. 19. Locality — Albatross station 4893, off Goto Islands, Japan, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 1 specimen. Although this specimen is much larger than Keehler’s type (diameter of disk, 7 mm. as against 4) and has much longer arms (35 mm. as against 20), I find no valid characters by which it can be separated from the East Indian species. The basal arm-joints have three spines instead of two, but this might be expected in view of the larger size of the specimen. Koehler does not mention the color of his specimens, but this Japanese one is dull reddish-purple, indis- tinctly variegated above with darker and lighter, and uniformly lighter below. Genus OPHIURA. While it is to be regretted that a name which has been so widely used as Ophioglypha must be abandoned, there seems to be no escape from Bell’s “ reasoning, which shows clearly that Ophioglypha Lyman is a pure synonym of Ophiura as limited by Agassiz and then by Forbes. Consequently the name Ophiura is used in this report for the group of ophiurans widely known as Ophioglypha. With the — possible exception of Ophiothriz, no genus in the whole class is so greatly in need of revision as is this one. Indeed Ophiothriz is a far more homogeneous group than Ophiura, for there are several very different generic types now included in this genus, of which over one hundred species are known. I regret to be obliged to add so con- siderably to this already unwieldy number, but I hope that the figures and descriptions here given will make the ultimate revision @ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 8, 1891, p. 339. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 37 of the genus less, rather than more, difficult. In the arrangement of the species I have followed the “Key” in Lyman’s Challenger report, interpolating the new species, so far as possible, among their natural allies. OPHIURA KINBERGI. Ophioglypha kinbergi Launeman, Ofv. Kong. Akad., 1866, p. 166. Ophioglypha sinensis LYMAN, Ill. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 6, 1871, p. 12. Ophiura kinbergi Metssner, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.— Albatross station 3725, off Noma Saki, Japan, 13 fath- oms, sand, shells, gravel, 3 specimens; station 3726, off Japan, 26 fathoms, gray volcanic sand, 6 specimens; station 4815, sea of Japan, lat. 38° 16’ N.; long. 138° 52’ E., 70 fathoms, dark green sand, bottom temperature 51°, 2 specimens; station 4885, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31/ 30’’ N.; long. 129° 30’ 15’’ E., 53 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 13 to 70 fathoms. Thir- teen specimens. IT can but agree with Keehler®@ in regarding sinensis as a synonym of kinbergi. The Albatross specimens have been compared with Lyman’s type of sinensis and are unquestionably identical ; other specimens from Australia (including what seems to be a cotype of kinbergi), Japan, Hong- kong, the Philippines, and Calcutta have also been available for comparison. Australian speci- mens have the oral shields relatively larger than 5, 9 _ oparsna xmvpEncr. specimens from Japan, but the specimens from — 5. SHowe pisk seat- the Philippines are intermediate and I do not =" *S? *®™ Com think the character warrants keeping sinensis and kinbergi separate. As the arm comb of this species has never been figured, it has seemed desirable to figure it herewith (fig. 9), as it is this character which specially distinguishes kinbergi from the two following species. OPHIURA SARSII. Ophiura sarsii LiitKEN, Vid. Medd. for 1854, 1855, p. 101. Localities —Albatross station 2841, off Alaska, lat. 54° 18’ N.; long. 165° 55’ W., 56 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 192 specimens; station 2842, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 37 specimens; station 2843, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56’ N.; long. 165° 56’ W., 45 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 43.5°, 3 speci- mens; station 2844, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56’ N.; long. 165° 40’ W., 54 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 63 specimens; Station 2845, off Alaska, lat. 54° 5’ N.; long. 164° 9’ W., 42 a Siboga Litt. Oph., 1905, p. 22. 88 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 42°, 22 speci- mens; station 2847, off Alaska, lat. 55° 1’ N.; long. 160° 12’ W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 3 specimens; station 2848, off Alaska, lat. 55° 10’ N.; long. 160° 18’ W., 110 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41°, 7 specimens; station 2851, off Alaska, lat. 54° 55’ N.; long. 159° 52’ W., 35 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 44.8°, 167 specimens; sta- tion 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7’ N.; long. 151° 36’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand with black specks, bottom temperature 44°, 25 specimens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 104 specimens; station 2862, off British Columbia, lat. 50° 49’ N.; long. 127° 36’ 30’ W., 238 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 44.7°, 40 specimens; station 2863, off Washington, lat. 48° 58’ N.; long. 123° 10’ W., 67 fathoms, fine sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.5°, 1,765 specimens; station 2866, off Washington, lat. 48° 9’ N.; long. 125° 3’ W., 171 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 43.2°, 488 specimens; station 2867, off Washington, lat. 48° 7’ N.; long. 124° 55’ W., 37 fathoms, fine gray sand, 6 specimens; station 2876, off Washington, lat. 48° 33’ N.; long. 124° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 33 specimens; station 2877, off Washington, lat. 48° 33’ N.; long. 124° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 18 specimens; station 2882, off Oregon, lat. 46° 9’ N.; long. 124° 22’ 30’’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45.8°, 71 specimens; station 2883, off Oregon, lat. 45° 56’ N.; long. 124° 1’ 30’’ W., 29 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 50.1°, 3 specimens; station 2890, off Oregon, lat. 43° 46’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 277 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42.2°, 209 specimens; station 3047, off Oregon, lat. 46° 47’ N.; long. 124° 30’ 15’’ W., 50 fathoms, fine eray sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 3 specimens; station 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4’ 30’’ N.; long. 124° 50’ W., 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 4 specimens; station 3059, off Oregon, lat. 44° 56’ N.; long. 124° 12’ 30’’ W., 77 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 45.1°, 5 specimens; station 3077, off Alaska, Jat. 55° 46’ N.; long. 132° 24’ W., 322 fathoms, green mud, gravel, bottom temperature 42.4°, 29 specimens; station 3112, off California, lat. 37° 8’ N.; long. 122° 47’ W., 296 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 3218, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15’ 40’’ N.; long. 164° 21’ W., 41 fathoms, black sand, bottom tem- perature 37.7°, 35 specimens; station 3219, off Alaska, lat. 54° 14’ N.; long. 164° 35’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38°,°8 specimens; station 3222, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 20’ N.; long. 165° 30’ W., 50 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, shells, bottom tem- perature 39.7°, 104 specimens; station 3223, Bering Sea, lat. 54° NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 89 26’ 15’’ N.; long. 165° 32’ W., 56 fathoms, black pebbles, bottom Be erature 39°, 50 specimens; station 3994, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 42’ 50’’ N.; long. 165° 37’ W., 121 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38.7°, 50 specimens; station 3252, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 22’ 20’’ N.; long. 164° 24’ 40’’ W., 294 fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 165 qe vars station 3253, Bering Sea, fapeonao. 50’! N.; long: 164° 20 15 Wes 36dfathoms, mud) isand, bottom temperature 35°, 122 specimens; nen 3254, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 50’ N.; long. 164° 2 27’ 50’’ W., 46 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 36.2°, 445 eee station 3255, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 164° 31’ 40’’ W., 43 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37°, 5,743 spec ee station 3256, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 18’ N.; long. 164° 34’ 10’’ W., 49 fathoms, ereen mud, black specks, bottom temperature 35°, 253 specimens; station 3257, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49’ N.; long. 165° 32’ W., 81 fathoms, gray a gravel, bottom temperature 39°, 79 specimens; station 3258, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 48’ N.; long. 165° 13’ 30’’ W., 70 fathoms, black sand, eravel, bottom ee 39°, 56 specimens; station 3260, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 164° 52’ W., 13 fathoms, fine black a bottom rs ature 42°, 8 specimens; station 3279, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 25’ 40’’ N.; long. 162° 39’ 15’’ W., 41 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37°, 177 specimens; station 3280, Bering Sea, Ani. 56° 27’ N.; long. 162° 8’ W., 36 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 96 spec imens; station 3309, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 56’ N.; long.172° 55’ W., 71 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 37.9°, 750 specimens; station 3311, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 59’ 36” N.; long. 166° 29’ 43’’ W., 85 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 41°, 7 specimens; station 3312, Bering Sea, lat. 53°59’ 11’” N. ;long. 166° 25’ 9’’ W., 45 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 43°, ! re station 3313, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 51’’ N.; long. 166° 38’’ W., 68 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom compaiatat Ade = oo ae station 3314, Bering Sea, lets 54°:2' 247 NAS lone: 166° 32’ 47’’ W., 74 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.5°, 16 age station 3315, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 42’ W., 277 fathoms, green mud, aa bottom ee 38:5°; 1 =e station 3318, Bering San: lat 53° 47’ 40’’ N.; long .167° 14’ W., 61 fathoms, black sand, gravel, shells, bottom temperature 42°, 21 specimens; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28’ 45” N.; ’ p ) long. 167° 23’ 50’’ W., 35 fathoms, black ae bottom Cipeeane 42.4°, 4 specimens; station 3339, off Alaska, lat. 54° 46’ N.; long. 157° 43’ 30’’ W., 138 fathoms, mud, gravel, bottom temperature 37.4°, 3 specimens; station 3340, off Alaska, lat. 55° 26’ N.; long. 155° 26’ W., 695 fathoms, mud, entean temperature 36.8°, 3 specimens; station 3439, Bering Sea, ie 57° 6’ N.; long..170° 35’ W. , 41 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom foe penatute 44°, 418 specimens; station 40) BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3440, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5’ N.; long. 170° 41’ W., 48 fathoms, black mud, shells, bottom temperature ¢, 901 specimens; station 3441, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 170° 52’ 30’’ W., 51 fathoms, black mud, shells, bottom temperature 39°, 319 specimens; sta- tion 3442) Bering Sea, lat. 57° 10” Ni; lone. 1707847 dio” Waeea fathoms, blue mud, shells, bottom temperature 40°, 59 specimens; station 3443, off Washington, lat. 48° 13’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 11’ 20’ W., 97 fathoms, green mud, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 1 speci- men; station 3449, off Washington, lat. 48° 29’ 40’” N.; long. 124° 40’ 10’’ W., 135 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 121 specimens; station 3450, off Washington, lat. 48° 26’ 50’’ N.; long. 124° 39’ 35’’ W., 151 fathoms, gravel, bottom temperature 44°, 21 specimens; station 3452, off Washington, lat. 48° 24’ 40’’ N.; long. 124° 29’ 10’’ W., 125 fathoms, rocky, black gravel, bottom temperature 44.5°, 7 specimens; station 3453, off Washington, lat. 48° 20’ N.; long. 124° 13’ 40’ W., 120 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 44.4°, 102 specimens; station 3454, off Washington, lat. 48° 27’ 50’ N.; long. 124° 42’ 40’’ W., 152 fathoms, gray sand, rocky, bottom temperature 44.2°, 3 specimens; station 3456, off Washington, lat. 48° 31’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 43’ 15’’ W., 136 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 44,2°, 21 specimens; station 3457, off Washington, lat. 48° 28’ 20’ N.; long. 124° 52’5’’ W., 142 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 44.2°, 90 specimens; station 3459, off Washington, lat. 48° 24’ 20’’ N.; long. 124° 24’ 40’’ W., 123 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, bottom tempera- ture 44.5°, 21 specimens; station 3482, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 170° 42’ W., 42 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom tem- perature 38.9°, 491 specimens; station 3483, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 171° 18’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 5 specimens; station 3485, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 172° 34’ W., 62 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.1°, 18 specimens; station 3486, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 19’ N.; long. 173° 53’ W., 150 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 6 specimens; station 3487, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 10’ N.; long. 173° 45’ W., 81 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.6°, 30 specimens; station 3490, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 47’ N.; long. 173° 14’ W., 78 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 8 specimens; station 3491, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32’ N.; long. 172° 28/ W., 103 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature ?, 14 specimens; station 3492, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32’ N.; long. 171° 50’ W., 70 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 5 specimens; station 3495, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 37’ N.; long. 170° 1’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 5 specimens; station 3504, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57’ N.; long. 169° 27’ W., 34 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 37.8°, 95 specimens; station 3505, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 9’ N.; long. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 4] 168° 17’ W., 44 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 234 specimens; station 3511, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 32’ N.; long. 169° 38’ W., 39 fathoms, fine sand, dark mud, bottom temperature 37.2°, 2 specimens; station 3513, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 27’ N.; long. 169° 1’ W., 35 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, bottom temperature ?, 32 specimens; station 3520, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 28’ N.; long. 170° 57’ W., 38 fath- oms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 32.2°, 1 specimen; station 3521, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 9’ N.; long. 170° 48’ W., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 31.9°, 310 specimens; sta- tion 3522, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 58’ N.; long. 170° 9’ W., 41 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 35.7°, 21 specimens; station 3523, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 39’ N.; long. 170° 2’ W., 39 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 30 specimens; station 3527, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 48’ N.; long. 171° 21’ W., 52 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 18 specimens; station 3528, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 19’ 30’’ N.; long. 172° 2’ W., 55 fathoms, dark green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 90 specimens; station 3529, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 36’ N.; long. 172° 24’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.1°, 237 specimens; station 3530, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 39’ N.; long. 173° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, dark green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 34.9°, 127 specimens; station 3531, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 55’ N.; long. 174° 17’ W., 59 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 35.1°, 70 specimens; station 3535, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 2’ N.; long. 170° 46’ W., 52 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 39°, 6 specimens; station 3536, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5’ N.; long. 170° 35’ W., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 110 specimens; station 3540, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 27’ N.; long. 166° 8’ W., 51 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 36°, 46 specimens; station 3541, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14’ N.; long. 164° 8’ W., 49 fathoms, black mud, fine sand, bottom tem- perature 36.1°, 55 specimens; station 3542, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 10’ N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 49 fathoms, dark mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 39.2°, 50 specimens; station 3543, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 41’ N.; long. 169° 39’ W., 43 fathoms, black sand, shells, bottom tem- perature 42.7°, 3 specimens; station 3546, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12’ N.; long. 165° 42’ W., 36 fathoms, gravel, black sand, bottom tem- perature 45.6°, 78 specimens; station 3547, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 16/ N.; long. 165° 45’ W., 51 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom tempera- ture 45°, 29 specimens; station 3553, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 28’ N.; long. 169° 46’ W., 51 fathoms, fine gray sand, mud, bottom temperature 39.5°, 25 specimens; station 3554, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 34’ N.; long. 170° 19’ W., 62 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.5°, 12 specimens; station 3556, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57’ 30’’ N.; long. 170° 33’ W., 49 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 41°, 5 specimens; station 3560, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 40’ N.; long. 169° 20’ 42 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. W., 43 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 36 specimens; station 3561, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 31’ N.; long. 169° 17’ W., 48 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 28 specimens; station 3594, off Washington, lat. 48° 12’ N.; long. 122° 50’ W., 36 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 7 specimens; station 3602, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32’ N.; long. 172° 40’ W., 81 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.1°, 50 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35’ N.; long. 168° 20’ W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 165 specimens; station 3610, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 58’ N.; long. 167° 16’ W., 75 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 381 speci- mens; station 3611, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 45’ N.; long. 167° 25’ W., 50 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 34.6°, 408 speci- mens; station 3658, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 22 fathoms, fine gray sand, 3 specimens; station 3659, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 15.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3673, off Washington, lat. 48° 21’ 45’ N.; long. 124° 50’ 30’’ W., 77 fathoms, green mud, sand, 10 specimens; station 3675, locality unknown (the station is missing from the record), 10 specimens; station 3769, off Nagane Saki, Japan, 40-42 fathoms, green mud, sand, 12 specimens; station 3775, off Kinkwasan Light, Honshu Island, Japan, 57 fathoms, green mud, sand, 1 specimen; station 3789, off Washington, lat. 48° 21’ 45’ N.; long. 124° 52’ 30’’ W., 115 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, 123 specimens; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31’ N.; long. 179° 15’ K., 247 fathoms, 14 specimens; station 4784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4786, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 51’ 30’ N.; long. 167° 14’ E., 54 fathoms, green sand, 7 specimens; station 4788, near Copper Island, lat. 54° 50’ 24’’ N.; long. 167° 13’ E., 56-57 fathoms, green sand, 13 specimens; station 4789, near Copper Island, lat. 54° 49’ 45’” N.; long. 167° 12’ 30’’ E., 56 fathoms, green sand, 44 specimens; station 4790, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 38’ 45’ N.; long. 167° 11’ 45’’ E., 64 fathoms, pebbles, 4 specimens; station 4791, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 166° 58’ 15”’ E., 72-76 fathoms, rocky, 30 specimens; station 4792, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36’ 15’" N.; long: ‘166° 57’ 15’ Bi. 72° fathoms! ‘pebbles 4g specimens; station 4807, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan, lat. 41° 36’ 12’ N.; long. 140° 36’ E., 44-47 fathoms, shells,-coarse gravel, 5 speci- mens; station 4822, off No Saki. Japan, lat. 37° 8’ 10’” N.; long. 137° 8’ E., 130 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.4°, 4 speci- mens; station 4826, off Sudzu, Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 137° 32’ E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature, 42.5°, 10 specimens; station 4828, off Hondo, Japan, lat. 37° 23’ N.; long. 137° 36’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 4832, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 43 36° 14’ 30” N.; long. 135° 56’ 30’’ E., 76-79 fathoms, dark gray sand, bottom Panperahars egies: : specimens; station 4833, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat. 36° 13’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30’’ E.,79 fathoms, dark gray sand, rocks, 1 aprcens or 4835, off O Shima, Japan, lat. 36° 3’ ae"? Ni: ne 135° 52’ 30’’ E., 134 fathoms, green mud, bottom bent perature 34.9°, 27 specimens; station 4840, Sea of J: apan, lat. 36° 2 N.; long. 135° 30’ E., 154 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 6 specimens; station 4842, off Dogo Island, lat. 36° 13’ N.; long. 133° 27’ E., 82 fathoms, fine gray sand, shells, bottom tem- perature 54.6°, 13 specimens; station 4854, off Korea, lat. 35° 54’ N.; long. 129° 46’ E., 335 fathoms, green mud, bottom eormpen tats ee 22 specimens; station 4861, off Korea, lat. 36° 19’ N.; long. 129° ’ K., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.4°, 15 speci- mens; station 4862, off Korea, lat. 36° 20’ N.; long. 129° 50’ E., 184 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 3 32.9°, 1 specimen; station 4891, Barter Sea, lat. 32° 27’ N.; long. 128° 34’ E., 181 fathoms gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 5 speci- mens; station 4981, off Benkei Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 42° 58’ 15’ N.; long. 140° 9’ 10" E., 390-406 fathoms; green mud, bottom tem- perature 32.7°, 11 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10’ 30’ E., 390-428 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 37.7°, 1 specimen; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 40’ N.; long. 140° 22’ 40’ E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 4 specimens; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 48° 19’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 2 specimens; station 4988, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23’ 10’’ N.; long. 140° 21’ 10’’ E., 68 fathoms, sand, bottom tempera- ture 45°, 17 specimens; station 4989, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23’ 10’ N.; long. 140° 37’ E., 92 fathoms, sand, bottom temperature 39.7°, 14 specimens; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 48’ E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 1 speci- men; station 4994, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 27’ 50’’ N.; long. 140° 54’ E., 190 fathoms, ea mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 34°, 9 specimens; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30’’ E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 15 specimens; station 5022, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 35’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 20’ E., 109 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom tem- perature 30.1°, 1 specimen; station 5023, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 437 30’ N.; long. 145° 3’ E., 75 fathoms, sand, pebbles, banicen tempera- ture 30.9°, 2 specimens; station 5037, off Urakawa Light, Japan, lat. 42° 2’ 40” N.; long. 142° 33’ 20’ E., 175-349 fathoms, bottom tem- perature 37.9°, 1 specimen; station 5038, off Urakawa Light, Japan, lat. 42° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 36’ E., 175 fathoms, bottom tempera- ture 37.1°, 3 specimens; station 5092, in Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 18’’ E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom tem- 44 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. / perature 56.3°, 3 specimens; Coal Station, Unga, 1 specimen: Arctic Cruise of ‘the Corwin, 183 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 1,139 specimens; St. Pauls Island, 1 specimen; Bering Straits, 12 fathoms, gravel, 34 specimens; Bering Straits, 1 specimen; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 133 fathoms, sand, 41 specimens; Popoff Strait, 6 fathoms,.6 specimens; Alaska, 143 specimens; Cape Sa- bine, Alaska, 13 fathoms, 4 specimens; 15 miles west of Cape Krusen- stern, 5 fathoms, mud, 5 specimens; 66° 45’ N. by 166° 35’ W., 13 specimens; Iliuliuk, 78 specimens; Nazan Bay, Atka, 21 speci- mens; Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 21 specimens; Port Levasheff, Unalaska, 3 specimens; Kadiak, 23 specimens; Sitka, Alaska, 15 fathoms, 9 specimens; Monterey, California, 1 specimen; unknown stations, 1,812 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 5 to 695 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.3° to 30.1°.. Twenty thousand nine hundred and thirty-two specimens. This extraordinary array of specimens exhibits considerable diver- sity in several details. The smallest specimens have the disk about 3 mm. in diameter, while in the largest specimens it exceeds 32. Most of the specimens are uniformly gray in color, but there is great variety of shade, some being very dark, others very light, others decidedly yellowish, and others more or less brown. Some specimens, generally young ones, have the arms banded with yellowish or whitish, and in a few cases there are whitish spots or markings on the disk. Several specimens are distinctly spotted with black. There is equal diversity in the length of the arm spines; in some specimens even the uppermost spine is scarcely as long as a joint, while at the other extreme we find specimens in which it equals twojoints. The scales of the disk exhibit more or less diversity, for they are commonly per- fectly flat, but they may be more or less swollen, so that the disk is sometimes very rough. The arm comb, too, displays considerable variety, for while the papillae are never as broad, truncate, and crowded as in liitkeni nor as slender and delicate as in kinbergi, yet they range from those which are wider than long and bluntly rounded to those which are several times as long as they are thick and are nearly cylindrical in form. In any case they are almost always well spaced. In large specimens they are sometimes greatly reduced. The chief interest in this huge collection of sarsii is the light which it throws on the distribution of the species in the North Pacific Ocean. Previously known from the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans and from Bering Sea down to depths of about 1,700 fathoms, this col- lection shows it to be by far the most abundant ophiuran in the North Pacific, occurring at least as far south on both coasts as lat. 38°N., and down to depths of about 700 fathoms. It is interesting to note that some of the diversities of form and color referred to above are associated with certain geographical areas. Thus the black-spotted NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 45 specimens are all from the coasts of Japan, and the same is true of the specimens which have long comb papille. Moreover, many of the Japanese specimens are brown rather than gray. It is remark- able that in these particulars these Japanese specimens of sarsii are almost exactly like many specimens from off the New England coast. The large series of specimens in the Museum of Comparative ZLoblogy collection from Europe, Greenland, and the eastern coast of North America, when compared with this huge series from the North Pacific, seems to indicate that the northern specimens are as a rule larger, duller, and with shorter comb papille than those from near the southern limit of distribution. The latter tend to have elongated slender comb papille and a brown or variegated coloration. There is no hard and fast rule, however, for typical sarsii are often taken at the extreme southern part of the range and occasionally at the same station with the more divergent form. The specimens from stations 3658, 3659, 3775, 4807 4833, 4987, and 4988, and one specimen from 4826 and one from 4989, oe e elongated comb papille. In this respect they approach eden but the papille are not as slender as in that species, and in several other characters the specimens are different. OPHIURA LUTKENI. Ophioglypha liitkeni Lyman, Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 197. Ophiura liitkeni Meissner, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.— Albatross station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58°17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 2862, off British Columbia, lat. 50°49’ N.; long. 127° 36’ 30’’ W., 238 fathoms, gray sand and pebbles, Ean temperature 44.7°, 112 specimens; station 2868, off Washington, lat. 47° 52’ N.; long. 124° 44’ W., 31 fathoms, gray sand, bottom tem- perature 46.9°, 7 specimens; station 2869, off Washington, lat. 47° 38’ N.; long. 124° 39’ W., 32 fathoms, black sand, bottom tempera- ture, 48.4°, 8 8 specimens; station 2870, off Washington, lat. 46° 44’ N.; long. 124° 32’ W., 58 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 46.5°, 11 specimens; station 2872, off Washington, lat. 48° 17’ N.; long. 124° 52’ W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45.5°, 3 specimens; station 2882, off Oregon, lat. 46° 9’ N.; long. 124° 22’ 30’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45.8°, 15 specimens; station 2884, off Oregon, lat. 45° 55’ N.; long. 124° 2’ W., 29 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 50.2°, 2 specimens; station 3046, off Washington, lat. 46° 48’ 30’’ N.; long. 124° 28’ W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 46.1°, 18 specimens; station 3047, off Washington, lat. 46° 47’ N.; long. 124° 30’ 15’’ W., 50 fath- oms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 9 specimens; station 3049, off Washington, lat. 46° 31’ N.; long. 124° 22’ W., 43 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 46.7°, 12 specimens; station 46 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4’ 30’ N.; long. 124° 50’ W, 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 3 specimens; station 3059, off Oregon, lat. 44° 56’ N.; long. 124° 12’ 30’’ W., 77 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 45.1°, 9 specimens; station 3064, off Oregon, lat. 46° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 9’ W., 46 fathoms, fine gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 45.6°, 9 specimens; station 3078, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 46’ W., 68 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 45.7°, 1 specimen; station 3114, off Cali- fornia, lat. 37° 6’ N.; long. 122° 32’ W., 62 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature ?, 185 specimens; station 3147, off California, lat. 37° N.; long. 122° 20’ W., 56 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 49.2°, 45 specimens; station 3148, off California, lat. 37° 8’ N.; long. 122° 28’ 10’ W., 47 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 51.3°, 56 specimens; station 3173, off California, lat. 38° 19’ 25’ N.; long. 123° 14’ 30” W., 62 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 48.2°, 12 speci- mens; station 3350, off California, lat. 38° 58’ 10’ N.; long. 123° 57’ 5’’ W., 75 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 48.4°, 34 specimens; station 3671, off California, lat. 37° N.; long. 122° 20’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, sand, 20 specimens; Sitka, 15 fathoms, 10 speci- mens; Bellkoffsky Bay, 15 to 25 fathoms, shells, 4 specimens; un- known stations, 72 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 15 to 238 fath- oms. Temperature range, 51.3° to 39.8°. Six hundred and fifty- eight specimens. Among these 658 specimens, the diameter of the disk ranges from 7 to 27 mm., and there is some diversity of color, but the appearance of the arm comb and the length of the arm spines show surprisingly little variety. One of the specimens from station 2858 is perfectly tetramerous. The characteristic color of this species is bright gray, with whitish and blackish markings on the disk and particularly on the distal half of the oral interbrachial spaces. These light and dark spots are occasionally present also on the arms. The lower surface of the entire animal is nearly white. In many specimens the light spots of the disk are very conspicuous, but it is quite as common to find specimens on which there are no markings of any kind. The general structure of liitkeni, is, as a rule, lighter and handsomer than that of sarsiz, and the disk is commonly distinctly pentangular rather than circular. Some specimens, however, at first sight, are hard to distinguish from sarsiz, but in every such case the arm comb offers an unmistakable character, the wide, truncate, closely-crowded papil- le of liitkent being entirely unlike those of any specimen of sarsi which I have ever seen. There can be no doubt that liitkent on the western American coast and kinbergi on the eastern Asiatic coast are southern forms of sarsii, for which species the center of abundance in the eastern hemisphere is undoubtedly in the vicinity of the Aleu- tian Islands and in Bering Sea. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 47 The range of kinbergi extends from the Gulf of Tokyo to the Red Sea and New South Wales, while liitkent ranges from Alaska to San Diego, California. The two are thus very evidently warm-water species, found only in comparatively shallow water. “They are there- fore widely separated from each other, but the range of sarsii broadly overlaps that of each of them, so that sarsii and kinbergi may both be found on the coast of Honshu Island, Japan, while sarsii and Lit- kent are both common off the coast of Oregon and Washington. The three species are easily distinguished as follows: KEY TO SPECIES. Arm comb made up of short, broad, truncate papille, which are closely crowded side by side, so that there is no resemblance to a comb...........---..-------- liitkeni. Arm comb made up of well-spaced, blunt or pointed papille, so that there is more or less resemblance to a comb. Disk scales variable; more or less irregular, and angular, often somewhat swollen; primary plates rarely noticeable; comb-papille short and bead-like or more or less elongated, the length not often exceeding three times the greatest thick- ness; middle arm spine becoming the longest at tip of arm...-..--..------ Sarsit. Disk scales flat, the primary plates conspicuous and usually surrounded by belts of smaller ones much as in Ophiolepis; comb-papille very slender, their length at least five times their thickness; middle arm spine becoming the shortest at ‘LD AGE DAE eS SS ap ere Ree ee es Ae ee kinbergi. OPHIURA MICRACANTHA, new species.@ Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk covered by several hundred overlapping scales, of varying size, among which the centro-dorsal and several radial and interradial plates can be dis- tinguished by their larger size. Radial shields about as wide as long, separated, or barely in contact at middle, outer ends rounded, inner somewhat pointed. Basal upper arm plates much wider than long, tetragonal, distal side longest and distinctly convex; gradually the plates become longer and narrower, until at middle of arm they are longer than wide and are very narrow proximally; they remain in contact nearly to tip of arm; in small specimens (disk diameter about 8 mm.) only first two or three plates are wider than long. Inter- brachial spaces below covered by numerous scales, of which those nearest margin are largest. Oral shields pentagonal, wider than long, with a slight notch in lateral margins at end of genital slits. Adoral plates long and slender, three or four times as long as wide; oral plates shorter and stouter. Oral papille three on each side, wide, two outer ones with a thin sharp edge which is often distinctly notched. ‘Teeth about four, lowermost smallest. Genital slits long but not conspicu- ous. Genital scales hidden by scaling of interbrachial spaces, but @Mexpéc, signifying small, and dxav6a, ee spine, in reference to the very small, middle arm spine. 48 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wide and conspicuous at their upper, outer ends; marginal row of papille well developed; seen from above, arm comb consists of six to eight slender well-spaced papillz, succeeded by much broader ones in contact with each other. First under arm plate wider than long, somewhat pointed distally; second plate much larger, nearly as long as wide, somewhat hexagonal; succeeding plates much wider than long, somewhat triangular, rapidly becoming very small; only first two or three in contact. Side arm plates large, meeting below but not above; each plate carries three arm spines, of which lowest is longest and stoutest and exceeds one-half jomt; middle arm spine very short and peg-like, not half as long as lowest. Oral tentacle pores not opening clearly into mouth slit, with about four scales on each side. First two or three pairs of pores of arm rather large, with two to five (usually three or four) scales on each side; succeeding pores small or wanting, with only a single ten- tacle scale, but that seems to persist to end of arm. Color (dried from alcohol), dull pur- plish-gray above, creamy- whitish below; in some speci- mens the arms show indications of being banded with darker. Localities.— Albatross station 4900, off Goto Islands, Japan, lat. 32° 28750" N: lone. 25> 34’ 40’’ E., 189 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom ee tr eR aie ay X4. @, FROM ABOVE; temperature 52.9°, 2. specimens; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS station 4933, off Kagoshima aa Ha Gulf, Japan, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50” E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen; station 5091, in Uraga Gulf, Japan, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12” E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 139 to 197 fathoms. Temperature range, 56°-47.6°. Five specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25535, U.S.N.M., from station 5091. Although this species is nearly related to sarsit and kinbergi, it is easily distinguished from either by the very peculiar, short, peg-like middle arm spine. The size and proportions of the arm spines show some diversity in the different specimens, but in every case the middle NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 49 spine is disproportionately small. In one specimen the lowest spine is as long as the joint, at the base of the arm, and is conspicuously bigger than the uppermost. There are neither pits nor depressions between the basal under arm plates, but the surface of those plates is usually rough, as though wrinkled. OPHIURA MACULATA. Ophioglypha maculata Lupwia, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 1, 1886, p. 283. Localities.— Albatross station 2842, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 9 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 40’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 237 to 244 fathoms, gray sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.5°, 1 specimen; station 4778, Bering, Sea, lat. 52° 12’ N.; long. 179° 52’ E., 33 to 43 fathoms, fine black gravel, 2 speci- mens; station 4779, on Petrel Bank, lat. 52° 11’’ N.; long. 179° 57’ W., 54 to 56 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, sand, 1 specimen; sta- tion 4782, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55’ N.; long. 173° 27 E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rocks and gravel, 2 specimens; station 4784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 9 specimens. Plover Bay, Siberia, 10 to 25 fath- oms, hard, 2 specimens; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13} fathoms, sand, 154 specimens; Awatska Bay (Kamtchatka), 1 specimen; Constantine Harbor, 6 to 10 fathoms, 8 specimens; Bering Straits, 1 specimen; Indian Point, Bering Straits, 17 fathoms, 15 specimens; Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, 16 specimens; Bay of Islands, Aleutian Islands, 10 specimens; Nazan Bay, Atka, Aleutian Islands, 1 specimen; Port Levasheff, Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, 1 specimen; Alaska, 8 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 6 to 244 fathoms. Two hundred and forty specimens. The specimens from Plover Bay answer so well to Ludwig’s de- scription of his specimens from the same place that there can be no question as to their identity, but the other specimens show such a wide range of diversity that there are several which, taken by them- selves, would never be regarded as maculata. What Ludwig con- sidered a distinguishing character of the species, the absence of an arm comb, proves to be a very inconstant feature, for while some specimens appear to have none, it is usually more or less evident and is often well developed. The color of those specimens which are not bleached by alcohol is rather variable, the shade of olive-green showing great diversity, as does the amount of cream color, with which the disk and arms are marked. Some specimens have a large blotch of cream color at the center of the disk, but usually there is only a small spot and often there are no markings at all. One feature of the coloration is quite constant, and that is the 34916°—Bull. 75—11——_4 50 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. division of each radial shield into a light outer and a dark inner half. This seems to be a helpful diagnostic mark for the species. One of the most constant specific characters is the number (four) and rela- tive size of the arm spines, and the absence of tentacle pores and Fic. 11.—OPHIURA MACULATA; ADULT, a-c, X5; YOUNG, d-f, X7. a AND d, FROM ABOVE; 5 AND €, FROM BELOW; C AND fs SIDE VIEWS OF ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. tentacle scales on the arms. The number of disk scales and the form of the oral shields are unusually variable, while the radial shields which are in contact in young specimens and in some adults are often very widely separated from each other. The figures given NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 51 herewith reveal some of these notable variations; figs. 11d—f are from a specimen having the disk 7 mm. in diameter, while figs. 1la—c are from a much larger specimen, with a disk 11 mm. across. A number of the specimens are labeled ‘ Ophioglypha robusta (Ayres) ,”’ but this is clearly an error. I have not yet seen a specimen of robusta from Bering Sea or the North Pacific. It is rather remark- able that neither Grieg“ nor Meissner’ mention this species, although both writers in their bibliographies refer to Ludwig’s paper. OPHIURA LEPTOCTENIA, new species.c Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk flat and more or less circular, covered by a close coat of two or three hun- dred scales, among which the centrodorsal is easily distinguishable, though it is seldom so large as in fig. 12a; one radial plate just proximal to or between radial shields is commonly larger than the other disk scales. Radial shields large, longer than wide, some- times wholly separated, but usually in contact distally, inner sides nearly or quite straight, but more or less strongly diverging. Basal upper arm plates tetrago- nal, with edges more or less curved, much wider than long; near middle of arm they are about as long aS Fia@.12.—OPHIURALEPTOCTENIA. 5. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM wide, and at tip they are BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. very much longer than wide and are nearly triangular; in contact with each other whole length of arm. Interbrachial spaces below closely covered with numerous small scales. Oral shields much longer than wide, with a broad proximal angle and a curved distal margin. Adoral plates and oral plates well marked and about of a size. Oral papillae numerous, six or more on a side, narrow and sharp. Teeth narrow and pointed. Genital slits conspicuous, reaching from oral shield to margin of disk. Genital scales large, — — @ Fauna Arctica, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1900, pp. 259-286. 6 Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. ¢ Aextéc, signifying fine, slender, and xtevéov, signifying a small comb, in reference to the slender comb papille. 5g BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with broad upper ends; each scale carries, orally, a crowded series of minute papille, which elongate as we pass upward and form a conspicuous arm comb; as seen from above this comb consists of ten or a dozen long, very slender spinelets, middle ones longest. More or less of a secondary comb is often developed on arm plates beneath true comb. First under arm plate about three times as wide as long; succeeding plates wider than long, more or less triangular, diamond shaped or elliptical; all widely separated from each other. Side arm plates large but low, meeting broadly on under side of arm, but widely separated above except at tip of arm, where they nearly meet; each plate carries three slender, sharp arm spines, uppermost distinctly longest and equaling or exceeding joint. Tentacle pores large, oral one opening into mouth angle and protected by five or six scales on each side, those of inner side somewhat larger; at first arm pore three or four slender, spine-like scales stand on side arm plate and two or three on under arm plate; on succeeding pores, scales of side arm plate soon become reduced to two and at middle of arm to one; those of under arm plate disappear altogether after the first three or four pores. Color (dried from alcohol), white, yellowish, or very pale gray. Localities — Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20’ N.; long. 136° 20’ W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 3 specimens; station 2860, off British Columbia, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 57 specimens; station 2863, off Washington, lat. 48° 58’ N.; long. 123° 10’ W., 67 fathoms, fine sand, black specks, bottom temperature 48.5°, 123 specimens; station 2871, off Washington, lat. 46° 55’ N.; long. 125° 11’ W., 559 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 38.4°, 9 specimens; station 3069, off Washington, lat. 47° 25’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 42’ W., 760 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 74 specimens; station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ 30’ N.; long. 125° 43’ W., 636 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 14 specimens; station 3071, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ N.; long. 125° 33’ 30’’ W., 685 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 11 specimens; station 3075, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 41’ W., 859 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 19 specimens; station 3227, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36’ 30’’ N.; long. 166° 54’ W., 225 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38.6°, 155 specimens, station 3324, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 33’ 50’’ N.; long. 167° 46’ 50’’ W., 109 fathoms, coarse black sand, gravel, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3329, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 56’ 50’’ N.; long. 167° 8’ 15’’ W., 399 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37.7°, 35 speci- mens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature, 22 specimens; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 50’’ N.; long. 166° 45’ W.. 406 fathoms, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 53 rocky, sand, 1 specimen; station 3337, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 53° 55’ 30’" N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 39.3°, 2 specimens; station 3340, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 55° 26’ N.; long. 155° 26’ W., 695 fathoms, mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.8°, 14 specimens; station 3343, off Washington, lat. 47° 40’ 40’’ N.; long. 125° 20’ W., 516 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 38.2°, 6 specimens; station 3344, off Washington, lat. 47° 20’ N.; long. 125° 7’ 30’’ W., 831 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.8°, 39 specimens; station 3346, off Oregon, lat. 45° 30’ N.; long. 124° 52’ W., 786 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.3°, 21 specimens; station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23’ N.; long. 170° 31’ W., 1,771 fathoms, blue ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 1 specimen; station 3607, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 25’ W., 987 fathoms, green mud, black lava sand, bottom tempera- ture 35.9°, 4 specimens; station 3608, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19’ N.; long. 168° 11’ W., 276 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 209 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35’ N.; long. 168° 20’ W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 423 specimens; station 4765, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 53° 12’ N.; long. 171° 37’ W., 1,217 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 35.2°, 6 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 38’ N.; long. 174° 49’ W., 1,766 fathoms, 14 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 40’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 237-244 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, bottom temperature 38.9°, 2 specimens; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31’ N.; long. 179° 15’ E., 247 fathoms, 1 speci- men; station 4774, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ N.; long. 178° 45’ E., 557-584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 311 specimens; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 178° 44’ E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, 94 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 4814, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 32’ N.; long. 138° 43’ E., 429 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 32.9°, 2 specimens; station 4818, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 8’ 55’’ N.; long. 138° 31’ 30’’ E., 225-245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.7°, 2 specimens; station 4819, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 9’ N.; long. 138° 32’ 12’’ E., 245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.1°, 5 specimens; station 4854, off coast of Korea, lat. 35° 54’ N.; long. 129° 46’ E., 335 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.4°, 121 specimens; station 4863, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 21’ N.; long. 129° 53’ E., 250 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’50’’ E., 191 fathoms, green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 3 specimens; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 54 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom tempera- ture 39°, 4 specimens; station 4981, Sea of Japan, lat. 42° 58’ 157’ N.; long. 140° 9’ 10’’ E., 390-406 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 32.7°, 49 specimens; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 140° 22’ 40’’ E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 specimen; station 4989, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23’ 10’ N.; long. 140° 37’ EH., 92 fathoms, sand, bottom temperature 39.7°, 1 specimen; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23’ 20’ N.; long. 140° 48’ E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 1 specimen; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’40’’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30” E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 4 specimens; station 5020, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 45” N.; long. 145° 7’ 30’’ E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 4 specimens; station 5021, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 8’ 45”’ K.., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 3 specimens; station 5026, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 36’ 10’’ N.; long. 145° 17’ 30” K., 119 fathoms, green mud, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 30.4°, 1 specimen; station 5037, off the Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 42° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 33’ 20’’ E., 175-349 fathoms, bottom tempera- ture, 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 5082, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 5’ N.; long. 137° 59’’ E., 662 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, elobigerina, bottom temperature 37.7°, 18 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30’’ H., 624 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 85 specimens; Bering Sea, 60 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 67— 1,771 fathoms. Temperature range, 49.4° to 30.9°. Two thousand and thirty-seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25732, U.S.N.M., from station 3069. Although these two thousand specimens come from such widely separated localities and such greatly different depths, they exhibit surprisingly little diversity. There are slight differences in the num- ber of disk scales and particularly in the conspicuousness of the centro- dorsal and other primary plates, in the form of the oral shields, and in the length and thickness of the arm spines; but these peculiarities are very insignificant and do not seem to be associated at all with either locality or depth. In a few individuals from considerable depths there are widely scattered, minute spines on the disk scales, but other individuals from the same stations have none and the peculiarity appears to be of no systematic importance. The geo- graphical range of this species is extended but peculiar; on the American coast it ranges from northern Oregon (lat. 45° 30’ N.; long. 124° 52’ W.) to the western end of the Aleutian Islands (long. 174° 13’ KE.) and northward into Bering Sea (lat. 55° 35’ N.); on the Asiatic coast it was taken off eastern Japan, as far south as 33° 35’ 20’’, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 55 and at various stations in the Sea of Japan, from lat. 35° 54’ N.; and long. 129° 46’ E., northward to Saghalin Island (lat. 48° 32’ 45’’ N.; long. 145° 7’ 30’’ E.). Between Saghalin and the western end of the Aleutians no specimens of this ophiuran were taken, though it is hard to explain their absence in that region; perhaps we may assume that depth, temperature, and bottom were not suitably combined at any of the thirty-two stations of the Albatross. Off the American coast the bathymetrical range of this species is extraordi- nary, extending, as stated above, from 67 fathoms to 1,771, while the bottom temperature varied from 48.5° down to 34.9°. In the Sea of Japan, however, the bathymetrical range is only from 172 to 429 fathoms, with a very low bottom temperature, 33.9°-32.4°; off the east coast of Saghalin specimens were taken in only 73 fathoms, but the bottom temperature was extraordinarily low, 30.9°, while off eastern Japan they were taken in water as warm as 49.4° and again in water as deep as 507 fathoms. It is remarkable that, among previously known species, one of the nearest allies of leptoctenia appears to be a species taken by the Challenger off the coast of Brazil and called by Lyman Ophioglypha ljungmani. Judging only by the figures of the upper side, it is almost impossible to distinguish the two species; orally, however, there are some obvious and important differences in the shape of the oral shields and the first under arm plate, as well as in the oral papille and tentacle scales. When the specimens themselves are compared, the much longer arms and thicker disk of ljwngmani distinguish the two species at a glance. It is interesting to note (what Lyman does not mention) that in some specimens of ljwngmani the disk scales carry scattered minute spinelets exactly like those which occur in leptoctenia. From kinbergi, which it resembles somewhat in its slender comb papillx, leptoctenia is distinguished by the difference in the disk scaling, the absence of pits between the basal under arm plates, and the absence of a rounded tentacle scale on the arm pores. From young individuals of sarsii or liitkeni, with which it is most likely to be confused, the sharp, slender comb papille will invariably distinguish it. j OPHIURA QUADRISPINA, new species.4 Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk rather flat, nearly circular, covered by two or three hundred scales, among which the six primary plates are more or less distinguishable though they are very rarely conspicuous. Radial shields of moderate size, rather longer than broad, separated or touching distally. Upper arm plates more or less tetragonal, at first wider than long and @ Quattuor (quadri-), signifying four, and spinus, signifying spine, in reference to the four arm spines. 56 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broadly in contact, but soon becoming longer than wide; outer margin decidedly convex; at tip of arm the plates are triangular and separated from each other. Interbrachial space below closely scaled. Oral shield somewhat pentagonal, with a wide proximal angle, much longer than wide. Adoral and oral plates moderate and subequal. Oral papilla five or six on a side subequal. Teeth long, narrow, and pointed. Genital slits conspicuous, but genital scales very narrow and almost completely hidden. Each scale carries a marginal series of minute, sharp papille, which become larger as they approach the upper side of the arm, to form the arm comb: as seen from above this comb is continuous across the base of the arm, and some of the papille may be borne by either the radial shields or the marginal disk scale be- tween them; the pa- pillee are always short, but may be eithersharp or blunt. A slight sec- ondary comb may be developed on the basal upper arm plates but it is almost wholly hid- den by the true comb. First under arm plate wider than long, nearly quadrangular ;succeed- ing plates small, wider than long, at first pen- tagonal, but soon be- coming triangular and then half-moonshaped, FIG. 13.—OPHIURA QUADRISPINA. X5.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM with the proximal side BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. straight and the distal strongly convex; all the plates are widely separated from each other, except second and third, which are sometimes in contact. Side arm plates rather large and low, meeting beneath evén within disk but not above until near tip of arm; each one carries four long, slender, acute spines, of which uppermost is decidedly longest, equal- ing one-and-a-half to two joints. Tentacle pores large; oral pair opening into mouth slit and guarded by four to six long, flat, con- spicuous scales on each side; these scales are noticeable for their length, which is much greater than that of the oral papille. Basal arm pores guarded by several long, sharp scales, of which there are three or four on each side; farther out there are three, two, and finally only one, borne on proximal side; they are all slender and NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. or acute. Color (dried from alcohol), very light gray, yellowish, or white. Localities.— Albatross station 2842, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbies, bottom temperature 41°, 1 specimen; station 2853, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 44 specimens; station 2854, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 56° 55’ N.; long. 153° 4’ W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 4 specimens; station 2858, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 6 specimens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’ N.; long. 168° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fathoms, mud, 6 specimens; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 50’” N.; long. 166° 45’ W., 406 fathoms, rocky sand, 1 specimen; station 3337, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, rocks, bottom temperature 39.3°, 2 specimens; station 3338, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 1 specimen; station 3785, 150 miles north of Aleutian Islands, 270 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31’ N.; long. 179° 15’ W., 247 fathoms, 2 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 17 specimens; station 4784, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 55’ 40’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 1 speci- men; station 4788, near Copper Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 50’ 24’ N., long. 167° 13’ E., 56 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4789, near Copper Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 12’ 30’’ E., 56 fathoms, green sand, 4 specimens; station 4790, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 48’ 35’” N.; long. 167° 11’ 45” E., 64 fathoms, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4791, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 166° 58’ 15’’ E., 72 to 76 fathoms, rocky, 1 specimen; station 4792, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36’ 15’” N.; long. 166° 57’ 15’’ E., 72 fathoms, pebbles, 3 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10’ 30” E., 390 to 428 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.7°, 1 specimen; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 48’ E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 2 specimens; station 5022, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 35’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 20’ E., 109. fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom temperature SO eaes specimens; station 5026, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 36’ 10’’ N.; long. 145° 17’ 30’ E., 119 fathoms, green mud, black sand, gravel, bottom tem- perature 30.4°, 1 specimen; station 5027, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 27’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 23’ 30’’ E., 188 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles (2), bottom temperature 32°, 1 specimen; station 5033, Yezo Strait, lat. 44° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 145° 28’ E., 533 fathoms, green mud, fine black 58 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. QPF sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, | specimen. Bathymetrical range, 56 to 625 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.8° to 30.1°. One hun- dred and seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25629, U.S.N.M., from station 3331. Although this species is superficially so near leptoctenia that it might easily be mistaken for that species, the four arm spines and the peculiar arm comb easily distinguish quadrispina from that, and from every other near ally. The 107 specimens show very little diversity of structure, though a few have minute disk spines as in leptoctenia. It is a more northern form than that species, as it has not been collected south of 53° 55’ 30’’ N. on the American coast nor south of 43° on the Asiatic. Its bathymetrical range is also less, 56 to 625 fathoms. OPHIURA BATHYBIA, new species.a Disk 15 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long. Disk covered with a close coat of numerous small, overlapping scales, many of Fic. 14. —OPHIURA BATHYBIA. 3.3. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. which carry very slender spinelets nearly a millimeter long; these spinelets are easily rubbed off, but the places of attachment remain more or less clearly indicated as minute pits. Radial shields some- what crescentic, about three times as long as wide, widest at outer end, where they are most nearly in contact, though even there dis- tinctly separate. Upper arm plates tetragonal, at first wider than long, but soon becoming longer than wide, with distal margin more or less convex; in contact the whole length of arm. Interbrachial spaces below closely covered with scales, upon which minute spines are @ Babbc, signifying deep, and Béoc, signifying life, in reference to the unusual depth at which it lives. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 59 even more numerous than on disk. Oral shield large, about as wide as long, somewhat pentagonal, with a broad, proximal angle and a straight distal margin. Adoral plates variable, sometimes appar- ently confined to inner end of oral shield, but usually reaching the first side arm plates; oral plates large, usually much larger than adoral. Oral papille five on each side, well spaced, outermost wid- est and truncate, inner ones narrow and sharp; an infradental papilla is often present. Teeth about six, moderately wide, pomted. Gen- ital slits long, proximal end nearer center of mouth than is distal end of a mouth slit. Genital scales large, upper, outer end very broad; each scale has a marginal fringe of very minute papillze which become rapidly elongated distally into very slender spines, forming a well-marked arm comb, when viewed from above. Beneath this comb on the basal arm plates is a smaller secondary comb, which extends inward between ends of radial shields and is often very conspicuous. Under arm plates much wider than long; first two decidedly largest and more or less clearly in contact; succeeding plates widely sepa- rated, becoming rapidly smaller, oblong-hexagonal, pentagonal, or tetragonal. Side arm plates rather large, but low and meeting only on lower side of arm; each plate carries three arm spines, of which uppermost is longest, but does not equal joint; other two much smaller, close together near lower edge of plate. Tentacle pores at base of arm large but quickly becoming much smaller; oral and basal arm pores guarded by about three scales on each side; further out on arm there are three and then two scales on proximal side of pore, and finally only a single scale is present. On oral pores, ten- tacle scales long and flat, but on basal arm pores they are spine-like and out on arm they are very slender spinelets. Color (dried from alcohol), yellow, yellowish, or white. Localities.— Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20’ N.; long. 136° 20’ W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23’ N.; long. 7020S 1e W., 1,771 fathoms, blue ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 22 speci- mens; station 4761, off Alaska, lat. 53° 57’ 30’ N.; long. 159° 31’ Ws. 1,973 fathoms, blue clay, bottom temperature 35°, 258 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 38’ N.; long. 174° 49’ W., 1,766 fathoms, bottom ?, bottom temperature ?, 18 specimens. Bathy- metrical range, 1,569 to 1,973 fathoms. ‘Temperature range, aoe to 34.9°. Two hundred and ninety-nine specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25611, U.S.N.M., from station 4766. This seems to be a remarkably well-characterized species, confined to very deep water in the vicinity of the Alaskan peninsula and islands. Its nearest relative is probably leptoctenia, but the form of the radial shields, the much smaller and more numerous disk scales, the numer- ous disk spinelets and the larger and better spaced oral papillee serve 60 - BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. to distinguish bathybia easily. The numerous disk spinelets and pits (where spines have been rubbed off) are very remarkable, but similar spinelets sometimes occur, as has already been pointed out, in leptoctenia, liungmani, and quadrispina. OPHIURA FLAGELLATA. Ophioglypha flagellata Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 5, 1878, p. 69. Ophiura flagellata MetssNeR, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.— Albatross station 2860, off southern Alaska, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.5°, 1 specimen; station 3338, Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tem- perature 37.3°, 1 specimen; station 3704, off Honshu Island, Japan, 94 to 150 fathoms, fine voleanic sand, 5 specimens; station 3784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 32’ N.; long. 178° 31’ E., 85 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, 11 specimens; station 4767, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12’ N.; long. 179° 7’ 30’’ E., 771 fathoms, green mud, bot- tom temperature 36.5°, 2 specimens; station 4768, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 20’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 9’ 30’’ E., 764 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37°, 78 specimens; station 4774, Bering Sea,, lat. 54° 33’ N.: long. 178° 45’ E., 557 to 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks foraminifera, 48 specimens; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 178° 44’ E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 1 specimen; station 4916, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 25’ N.; long. 129° 6’ 40’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 3 specimens; station 5049, off eastern Japan, lat. 38° 12’ N., long. 142° 2’ E., 182 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.8°, 4 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 1 specimen; sta- tion 5086, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 8’.15’’ N.; long. 139° 20’ E., 292 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.7°, 3 specimens; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20’ E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’” N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 specimens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 18”’ E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 2 specimens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 37’ 42’’ EH. 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 2 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’” K., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 61 11 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 70 to 876 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 56.3° to 36.5°. One hundred and seventy-six specimens. These specimens show a most remarkable difference in the calecifi- cation of the disk, for while several of them have the disk covering thick, with the scales hardly distinguishable, as in Lyman’s type, others have it much thinner with the scales evident, while still others have a greater or less part of the disk covered by a naked skin, the calcification being confined to the vicinity of the radial shields and to the interradial margins. The gradation between the two extremes is so complete that there can be no doubt that the amount of calcification is an individual and not a specific or even a local matter. Thus the specimen from station 5094 has the disk fully calcified, while of two specimens from station 5093, one has the center of the disk bare with ten bare lines running out into the radii and interradii, and the other has the disk completely lacking calcifi- cation save about the mar- gin and the radial shields. That it is not a matter of age would seem to be in- dicated by the fact that the largest (disk diameter, 26 mm.) and one of the smallest (disk diameter, 9 mm.) specimens have less calcification than any others. Considerable di- C versity 1s shown also in the Fig, 15.—OPHIURA FLAGELLATA, YOUNG. X6. @, FROM ABOVE; length of the arm spines, b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. in the form of the radial shields and in the number of tentacle scales, but these differences do not seem to be correlated in any definite way with the amount of calcification. The form of the radial shields, arm plates, and arm spines, the number of the latter (three) and the arm comb appear to be very constant features in mature specimens. In young individuals (see fig. 15) both the upper and under arm plates are much longer and narrower than in adults, and some- times the side arm plates do not quite meet below, though the under arm plates are widely separated nevertheless. The comb papille are much longer and more slender than Lyman’s figure “ indicates. oe oF KR ry a Challenger Oph., 1881, pl. 4, fig. 17. 62 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The range of this species is remarkable, extending as it does geo- eraphically from lat. 9° 3’ 24’’ N. and from long. 79° 37’ E. (according to Keehler) to lat. 54° 33’ 30’’ N. and to fone 130° 34’ W., and bathymetrically from 53 fathoms to 876. But Kehler has mae a serious blunder in saying that the species was taken by the Challenger ‘Centre les iles Philippines et les iles Carolines,” for the only recorded Challenger station is 232, not far from Yokohama, Japan. OPHIURA IMBECILLIS. Ophioglypha imbecillis Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 73. Ophiura imbecillis Me1ssNER, Bronn’s Thierreichs, ral 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.—Albatross station 4918, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 22’ N.; long. 129° 8’ 30’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina; broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 gL Senay station 4957, off Eastern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ K., 437 fathoms, green- brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, cota temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4968, off Japan, lat. 33° 24’ 50’” N.; long. 135° 38’ 40’ E., 253 fathoms, dark gray sand, brown mud, broken shells, bottom temperature 45.7°, 1 specimen; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20” E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 7 specimens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 37’ 42” E., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom fenrnenaeare 43.9°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 253 to 437 fathoms. Temperature range, 45.7° to 39.8°. Fourteen specimens. These specimens, which vary in disk diameter from 3} to 7 mm., are pale gray in color and show remarkably little diversity of structure. OPHIURA IRRORATA. Ophioglypha irrorata LyMaAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 73. Ophioglypha orbiculata Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 74. Ophioglypha grandis Verritt, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 293. Ophioglypha tumulosa LGTKEN and MorTENSEN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 23, 1897, p. 120. Ophioglypha involuta K@uurr, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (8), vol. 4, 1897, p. 299. Ophiura irrorata Meissner, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.— Albatross station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23’ N.; long. 170° 31’ W., 1,771 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 2 specimens; station 3783, 40 miles off Copper Island, 1,567 fathoms, gray voleanic sand, green mud, 1 specimen; station 4956, Inland Sea, Japan, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 132° 25” E., 720 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30”’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 2 specimens; station 4979, off Japan, a Investigator, Deep Sea Oph., 1899, p. 19. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 63 lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 4 specimens; station 5030, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 29’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 46’ E., 1,800 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature’, 2 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30’’ E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 2 specimens; station 5084, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40’ E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 624 to 1,800 fathoms. Temperature range, 38.1° to 35.1°. Sixteen specimens. This excellent series of specimens, ranging in size from a disk diame- ter of 7 mm. to one of 33 mm., has been carefully compared with the Blake specimens of irrorata from the Caribbean Sea and the Challenger specimens of irrorata from off the coast of Australia and the coast of Portugal, with a cotype of orbiculata from Japan, with a cotype of grandis from Albatross station 2573, and with specimens of tumulosa from the Albatross collection in the Panamic deep-water region, and T am fully satisfied that these four nominal species are in reality one and the same. Moreover, I see no character by which involuta can be distinguished, and I have accordingly included that name as a synonym. Itseems, therefore, that in irorata we have a cosmopolitan deep-water species, like Ophiomusium lymani, and it is of some interest to note here the various stations at which it has been taken: Off New England, off Portugal, in the West Indies, southeast of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Bay of Bengal, off New South Wales, off Japan, in Bering Sea, in the Gulf of California, in the Gulf of Panama, and among the Galapagos Islands. Except the very young specimens taken by the Challenger off New South Wales, and regarding the identification of which some doubt might reasonably be raised, speci- mens have not been taken in less than 600 fathoms, and the species ranges from that depth to over 2,200 fathoms. In spite of its exten- sive geographical and bathymetrical range, the species is not remark- ably variable, the differences with which the various names have been associated being mainly due to size or age. In the young, the arm spines even at the base of the arm are about equally spaced, but in larger specimens the upper one becomes widely separated from the other two. If, however, we follow the arm of an adult from base to tip, we find the spines gradually approaching each other, so that at the tip of the arm in a big specimen the arm spines correspond to those at the base of the arm in a young specimen, an interesting illus- tration of a “localized stage.’ In all adult specimens, however, the middle arm spine at the tip of the arm terminates, as Lyman pointed out, ina hook. The size of the arm spines differs greatly in different individuals, but these differences do not seem to be correlated with size, or locality, or depth. The shape of the oral shields and of the 64 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. basal under arm plates is very variable, within certain limits; the oral shield is usually more or less pentagonal and longer than wide, but it may be rounded triangular or even oval, and it is often wider than long; the second under arm plate is usually squarish but it may be much longer than wide or often wider than long; the number of basal under arm plates which are in contact with each other varies greatly with age. The arm comb, the upper arm plates, and the radial shields do not show very much diversity, but the disk scales are variable and the distinctness of the primary plates differs greatly in different individuals. OPHIURA CLASTA, new species.@ Disk 15 mm. in diameter; arms about 40 mm. long. Disk cov- ered with a thick skin, in or upon which are numerous more or less circular plates of variablesize ; these plates do not overlap, and in most cases are scarcely in contact with each other; one at the margin of each in- terradius is very much larger than the rest and nearly or quite fills the space between two adjoining pairs of radial shields. Latter, rounded, about as wide as long, more or less lightly in contact, at least distally. First, and sometimes second, upper arm plate more or less tetragonal; remainder small, triangular, and widely separated from each other; all are more or Fic. 16.—OPHIURA CLASTA. 3.5. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, less completely broken up FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR into irregular fragments, SO ae that in many cases the orig- inal form of the plate can seareely be distinguished. Interbrachial spaces below covered by the huge oral shield, an accessory shield, the two genital plates, and about five marginal plates. Oral shieldsrounded triangular or pentagonal, about as wide as long. Adoral plates vari- able in shape according to the position of the oral tentacle pore; when this is far back the adoral plate appears to be short and wide (as in the figure), but when the pore is a little nearer the mouth the adoral plate is long and narrow; oral plates well developed and quite dis- tinct. Oral papillae squarish, crowded, five or six on each side, “ Khaotéc, signifying broken in pieces, in reference to the condition of the upper arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 65 outermost widest; an unpaired infradental papilla is often present. Genital slits rather short. Genital scales large, broad distally, but completely overshadowed by radial shields, so that they are not visible from above; each scale carries a few irregular marginal papillae but these are so imperfectly developed that there is no arm comb in any of the specimens; some small, irregular scales just distal to the radial shields give the superficial appearance of a comb in some cases, but these have no connection with the genital scales. First under arm plate rounded triangular; succeeding plates pentagonal, soon becom- ing triangular; all are much wider than long, and are distinctly sepa- rated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries four minute arm spines, one of which is high up on the plate, well separated from the other three, which are very low down and close together; the middle one of these three is usually the longest spine but scarcely equals half the joint; the lowest one might easily be mistaken for a tentacle scale. Tentacle pores on arm minute and confined to the three or four basal joints; each one is protected by several minute scales. Oral pore not open- ing into mouth slit, protected by three or four rounded scales on each side. Color (dried from alcohol); scales and plates above clay color or brown, the skin between them decidedly darker; beneath, uniform dirty whitish, or brown. Localities —Albatross station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 4 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30”’ E., 624 fathoms, fine eray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 16 specimens; station 5084, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40” E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 507 to 918 fathoms. Temperature range, 39° to 36° 8’. Twenty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25547, U.S.N.M., from station 5084. Although this species bears some resemblance dorsally to Ophio- glypha divisa Liitken and Mortensen, the oral side is so different there can be no confusion between the two. I do not think there is any other species more nearly related to this Japanese novelty, unless it be O. confragosa Lyman, from off La Plata, but the upper arm plates of the latter are alone sufficient to distinguish the two. OPHIURA MONOSTECHA, new species. Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered with a smooth coat of scales, among which the six primary plates, another plate in each radius, and two in each interradius, one of @ Mévoc, signifying one, single, and ozozyoc, signifying a row, line, in reference to the peculiar arm comb. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——9 66 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. which is marginal, can be distinguished with more or less ease. Radial shields about as wide as long, more or less united distally; in the type-specimen, several rounded knobs or papilla are borne on the inner distal corners of the plates (some times also on the distal margin) and in fig. 17a these appear like three small plates separat- ing the radial shields distally. Basal upper arm plates tetragonal, but rapidly becoming triangular as they pass outward; in the type, the first seven to nine are in contact but in others (smaller speci- mens) only the first two or three. Interbrachial spaces below covered by twelve to twenty plates of which the marginal are largest. Oral shields pentagonal with rounded corners, about as wide as long. Adoral plates long and nar- row; oral plates considerably broader than adoral but not so long. Oral papille about five or six on aside; those at apex of jaw are pointed, but outer ones are truncate and may be wide and squarish. Genital slits long and genital scales wide; each scale has a marginal series of small, close-set, truncate papille, which are more elongated on upper side of arm, where the two series (of opposite sides of arm) meet and form a single unbroken series across base of arm. First under Fig. 17.—OPHIURA MONOSTCECHA. X5. @, FROM ABOVE; oe plate rounded diamond b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS sh aped; second plate SEAS EEE, squarish; succeeding plates pentagonal, becoming triangular; all these plates are wider than long, and except first two are nearly or quite separate from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below, except at base of arm; each plate carries three subequal, well-spaced, peg-like arm spines, less than half as long as joint. Oral tentacle pores may or may not open into mouth slit; in the type they do; they are pro- tected by five or six scales on each side. There seem to be no tentacle pores on arm distal to first three or four joints, and these are guarded by three and two scales or by two and one; but through- out whole length of arm, the lowest arm spine is accompanied by a minute peg-like tentacle scale crowded close against it. Color (dried from alcohol), pale gray or whitish. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 67 Localities.— Albatross station 3698, off Honshu Island, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 2 specimens; station 4957, Inland Sea, lat. 32° 36’ N,; long. 132° 23’ E., 437 fathoms, ereen- brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 4 specimens; station 4959, Inland Sea, lat. 32° 36’ 30’’ N.; long, 132° 23’ 20’’ E., 405 to 578 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, 1 specimen; station 5057, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 58’ 40’’ N.; long. 138° 34’ E., 270 fathoms, gray mud, bottom tem- perature 44.8°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 153 to 578 fath- oms. Temperature range, 44.8° to 39.8°. Eight specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25545, U.S.N.M., from station 3698. This species is easily distinguished by its unique arm comb. While _ Ophioglypha clemens Koehler and O. jejuna Lyman also have a con- tinuous arm comb, the disk covering of the former species and the arm joints, arm spines, and upper arm plates of the latter are so different from what is found in monostecha that the three species can not possibly be confused. In the type and the specimen from station 5057 the side arm plates are minutely tuberculated, while in the other specimens they are perfectly smooth; it is these latter speci- mens also which have the oral tentacle pores separated from the mouth slits, and the oral papille very short, wide, and truncate. These differences can hardly be magnified, however, into distinctions of any systematic importance. OPHIURA CALYPTOLEPIS, new species. Disk 13 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 to 40 mm. long. Disk covered by rather coarse thick scales, which are more or less con- cealed by a delicate, very finely granular skin; a large interradial marginal scale is prominent, and in the youngest specimen the pri- mary plates can easily be made out. Radial shields somewhat swollen, a little longer than wide, distinctly separated from each other. Basal upper arm plates oblong, much wider than long, followed by pentagonal or tetragonal plates, which rapidly become triangular with a sharp, proximal angle; the first five to nine in contact with each other. Interbrachial spaces below covered by partly concealed plates, like those of the disk. Oral shields wider than long or longer than wide, somewhat pentangular, the lateral margins more or less concave. Adoral plates long and narrow; oral plates shorter and wider. Oral papille, five or six on each side, wide and truncate dis- tally, but becoming longer and pointed at apex of jaw. Genital slits not conspicuous. Genital scales hidden by scaling of interbrachial areas, their marginal papillee few and small, so that no arm comb or at most only a small and inconspicuous one is visible from above. @ Kaluntéc, signifying covered, and dexéc, signifying scale, in reference to the more or less concealed scaling of the disk. 68 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. First under arm plate hexagonal, large, much wider than long; next two about as long as wide, somewhat pentagonal; succeeding ones rounded pentagonal or oblong, very much wider than long; all but first three or four well separated from each other. Side arm plates somewhat swollen, nearly or quite in contact both above and below from base to tip of arm; each plate carries six, or often seven, short, peg-like arm spines, middle ones usually longest, though not notice- ably longer than lowest; none is half as long as a joint. Oral tentacle pores rather large, opening into mouth slit, with four or five scales on each side. Tentacle pores of arm confined to first four or five joints, but a single, minute tentacle scale extends far out on arm, lying close against lowest arm spine. There are several tentacle scales on each of the basal pores, but they can be distinguished only with difficulty from the little arm spines. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white, though with more or less of a yellow tinge. Fig. 18.—OPHIURA CALYPTOLEPIS. 4. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Localities.— Albatross station 3698, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 2 specimens; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’” N.; long. 139° 28’ 20” K., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 speci- men; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature, 47.8°, 21 specimens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 18’’ E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 70 to 405 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.3° to 41.8°. ‘Twenty-five specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25635, U.S.N.M., from station 3698. There can be no doubt that this species is closely allied to O. albata Lyman, which was collected by the Challenger near Japan. I have not seen that species, but the description and figures of the upper arm plates are entirely different from what calyptolepis shows, and moreover no reference is made to any concealment of the disk scales by a granular skin in albata. It has therefore seemed best to me to keep the two species separate, at least for the present, . NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK 69 OPHIURA CRYPTOLEPIS, new species. Disk 20 mm. in diameter; arms about 55 mm. long. Disk com- pletely covered by a thick granular skin, through which, in adults, not even radial shields can be seen; in many smaller specimens out- lines of radial shields and even of disk scales can be more or less easily distinguished. Upper arm plates small, tetragonal, all but first one or two much longer than wide, with a narrow, proximal, and a strongly convex, distal margin; on basal third or half of arm they are in con- tact with each other, but distally they become triangular and separate. Interbrachial spaces below like disk above. Oral shields and _ all mouth parts, under arm plates, tentacle pores, and tentacle scales, essentially as in calyptolepis, the differences being trivial and of no systematic importance; tentacle pores extend out six joints on arm, and first under arm plate is relatively smaller. Arm comb well developed, forming a conspicuous marginal fringe just distal to radial Fic. 19.—OPHIURA CRYPTOLEPIS. 2.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. shields; the two parts do not unite into a single comb. Side arm plates large, meeting below but not above at base of arm; each plate carries seven to nine arm spines, lowest very distinctly largest and may equal or exceed half a joint; in some cases, especially small specimens, it appears to be next to lowest spine, which is longest, but in fact, what looks like lowest spine is tentacle scale. Color (dried from alcohol), yellow, yellowish, cream color or nearly white; some of the young specimens are dull purplish gray. Localities.— Albatross station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom tempera- ture 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ 30’ N.; long. 125° 43’ W., 636 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 50” N.; long. 166° 45’ W., 406 fathoms, rocky, sand, bottom temperature 37.8° ?, 1 specimen; station 3337, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 53° 55’ 30” Ne long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature @ Kpurtéc, signifying hidden, and dexéc, signifying scale, in reference to the com- pletely concealed disk scales. 70 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39.3°, 11 specimens; station 3338, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tem- perature 37.3°, 4 specimens; station 3343, off Washington, lat. 47° 40’ 40’’ N.; long. 125° 20’ W., 516 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 38.2°, 3 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 3 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki Light, Japan, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bot- tom temperature 39.1°, 3 specimens; station 5080, off Omai Saki Light, Japan, lat. 34° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 505 fathoms, fine eray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature, 38.7°, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 230 to 636 fathoms. Temperature range, 39.8° to 37.3°. Twenty-nine specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25710, U.S.N.M., from station 3337. This species is very near the preceding but seems to be constantly distinct. The concealment of the disk scales is more a difference of degree than of kind, but the conspicuous arm comb and the large lowest arm spine in cryptolepis provide very convenient and reliable means of distinguishing this species from calyptolepis. The speci- mens before me range, in diameter of disk, from 4 to 20 mm. OPHIURA NODOSA. Ophiura nodosa LUtKEN, Vid. Medd. for 1854, 1855, p. 100. Localities.— Albatross station 3250, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 163° 2’ 45’’ W., 174 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 46.2°, 3 specimens; station 3251, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 35’ 50’’ N.; long. 164° 5’ W., 254 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37.5°, 12 specimens; station 3252, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 22’ 20’’ N.; long. 164° 24’ 40’’ W., 294 fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 1 specimen; station 3269, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19’ N.; long. 163° 4’ 30’ W., 16 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 42.3°, 1 specimen; station 3297, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 38’ N.; long. 159° 7’ 30’ W., 26 fathoms, gray sand, bottom.temperature 41.5°, 1 specimen; station 3298, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 38’ 30’’ N.; long. 158° 22’ 30’ W., 20 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 43.8°, 18 specimens; station 3304, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 2’ 30’’ N.; long. 161° 13’ 45’” W., 28 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3305, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 51’ 30’’ N.; long. 161° 40’ W., 23 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41.8°, 23 specimens; station 3504, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57’ N.; long. 169° 27’ W., 34 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 37.8°, 1 specimen; station 3507, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 43’ N.; long. 164° 42’ W., 31 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37.5°, 35 specimens; station 3675, loc. 2, no record available, 6 specimens; station 5005, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 4’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 27’ 30’’ E., 42 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. we bottom temperature 30.7° ?, 78 specimens; station 5006, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 4’ N.; long. 142° 29’ E., 42 to 43 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 36.1°, 7 specimens; station 5007, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 3’ N.; long. 142° 31’ E., 42 fathoms, green mud, fine eray sand, bottom temperature 34.8°, 9 specimens; station 5008, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 7’ 50’’ N.; long. 142° 37’ 20” E., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 33.9, 9 specimens; station 5011, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 18’ 30’’ N.; long. 143° 5’ 40”’ E., 42 fathoms, ereen mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 specimen; station 5020, off Saghalin, lat. 48° 32’ 45’’ N.; long. 145° 7’ 30’’ E., 73 fathoms, ereen mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 4 specimens; station 5021, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 8’ 45” E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 1 specimen; station 5022, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 35’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 20’ E., 109 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom tempera- ture 30.1°, 2 specimens; station 5023, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 43’ 307’ N.; long. 145° 03’ E., 75 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom tempera- ture 30.9°, 3 specimens; station 5024, off Saghalin, lat. 48° 43’ 30/’ N.; long. 144° 56’ 45’’ E., 52 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 31.7°, 2 specimens; lat. 60° 22’ N.; long. 168° 45’ W.. 9 speci- mens; lat. 62° 15’ N.; long. 167° 40’ W., 20 fathoms, 2 specimens; lat. 62° 54’ N.; long. 166° 38’ W., 22 fathoms, 105 specimens; lat. 63° 37’ N.; long. 165° 19’ W., 12 fathoms, 69 specimens; lat. 64° 12’ N.; long. 162° 52’ W., 17 fathoms, 1 specimen; lat. 66° 45’ N.; long. 166° 35’ W., 10 specimens; Arctic cruise of the Corwin, 35 speci- mens; Dall’s Alaska collection, 26 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 210 speci- mens; off Cape Sabine, Alaska, 62 specimens; off Icy Cape, Alaska, 36 specimens; near coal station, Unga, Aleutians, 45 specimens; off Point Barrow, Alaska, 15 fathoms, mud, 1 specimen; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 134 fathoms, 29 specimens; Sitka Harbor, Alaska, 10 to 25 fathoms, 2 very small specimens; Point Belcher, Alaska, 9 fathoms, sand, 74 specimens; mouth of Yukon River, Alaska, 9 specimens; Port Clarence, Alaska, 4 specimens; Point Hope, Alaska, 25 fathoms, 4 specimens; 12 miles east of. King’s Island, Bering Strait, 9 specimens; Plover Bay, Siberia, 8 to 20 fathoms, mud, 90 specimens; Indian Point, Bering Strait, 17 fathoms, 5 specimens; East Cape, Siberia, 3 specimens; Cape Etolin, Nuniak Island, Alaska, 2 specimens; Port Levasheff, Alaska, 6 specimens; locality ?, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 8 to 109 fathoms. Tem- perature range 46.2° to 30.1°. One thousand and _ sixty-seven specimens. This large series of specimens is of interest not merely because it extends the bathymetric range of the species to over 100 fathoms and the geographic range on the Asiatic coast south to the lower end of Saghalin, but because it shows the growth changes and the great he. BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. range of variability of the species. The smallest specimen has the diameter of the disk rather less than 2 mm. with the primary plates covering nearly all of the upper side; the radial shields and the large interradial marginal plates are very small in comparison. The upper arm plates are nearly circular and much swollen, and the under arm plates are longer than wide, but little swollen. The side arm plates are decidedly swollen, and carry two short, sharp, well-spaced arm spines. The oral shields occupy most of the interbrachial spaces below and the tentacle pores have only one or two tentacle scales each. The largest specimen has the disk 17 mm. in diameter and covered by about 150 scales among which the primary plates are not conspicu- Fig. 20.—OPHIURA NODOSA; VARIETY FROM ICY CAPE, ALASKA. 6. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; c, SIDE VIEW OF BASE OF ARM. ous. The upper arm plates are less swollen, hexagonal or pentagonal, the basal ones much wider than long; the basal under arm plates are also wider than long, the first one nearly triangular. The side arm plates are very high and little swollen; they carry from three to six arm spines, of which two are usually larger than the others and of some- what different shape. The tentacle scales have become very numer- ous and there may be as many as eleven (seven proximal and four distal) on a pore. Even far out on the arm there are three or four scales borne on each side arm plate, at the proximal edge of the pore. The chief variations shown by the different specimens are found in the number and arrangement of the disk scales, the amount of swelling NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 73 of the arm plates, the shape of the oral shields, and particularly the number and arrangement of the arm spines. Usually two arm spines, larger than the others and of somewhat different shape, can be quite easily distinguished, one next to the tentacle scales, the other high up on the arm, but either one or both of these may be wanting or at best no larger than the adjoining spinelets. In some specimens the con- trast between these two spines and those which accompany them, is very marked, the latter being flat, thin and scale-like, while in other specimens all the arm spines are reduced to minute, rounded papille. It is very often difficult to distinguish sharply between the tentacle scales and the lowest arm spines. The most extreme variation is shown by some of the specimens from Icy Cape (see fig. 20) in which the oral shields are extraordinarily elongated and there are deep transverse grooves between the basal under arm plates. The arms are also high and strongly compressed, so that they are virtually keeled near the base. I at first considered this form a distinct species, but the connecting series is too complete to warrant its recognition. OPHIURA SCULPTA. Ophioglypha sculpta Duncan, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 455. Ophiura sculpta MEIssNER, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, ser. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.— Albatross station 3702, off Honshu Island, Japan, 31 to 41 fathoms, volcanic mud, sand, rocks, 2 specimens; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long, 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 5 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ KE, 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 speci- mens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10” E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 5 specimens; sta- tion 4900, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 28’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 1 speci- men; station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 31 to 139 fathoms. Temperature range, 55.9° to 52.9°. Sixteen specimens. These specimens answer very well to Duncan’s description and figures, and show very little diversity of structure among themselves. The largest one is only a trifle larger than Duncan’s type, having the disk a little more than 8 mm. in diameter and the arms nearly 13 mm. iong. OPHIURA STUWITZII. Ophiura stuwitzti LirKeNn, Vid. Medd. for.1857, 1857, p. 51. Localities.— Albatross station 2845, off Alaska, lat. 54° 5’ N.; long. 164° 9’ W., 42 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 490. 1 specimen; Alaska, 23 specimens; Alaska, Dall’s collection, 1 speci- men; Kyska Harbor, Alaska, 9 to 14 fathoms, 1 specimen. 74 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. These specimens vary in disk diameter from 3 to 8 mm. They show considerable diversity in height and form of disk, and in the shape and length of the arm-comb papille, but even the smallest specimens are at once distinguishable from young nodosa by the arm spines. OPHIURA CDIPLAX, new species.a Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms about 12 mm. long. Disk covered by twenty-one plates, a centro-dorsal, five radial, five interradial, and five pairs of radial shields; all disk scales more or less tumid though the radial shields are least so. Radial shields squarish, joined for most of their length. Upper arm plates thick and swollen, somewhat pentagonal (be- coming tetragonal and finally trigonal), but with more or less rounded angles; all but basal ones longer than wide, first three, four, or five n contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered almost wholly by the oral shields, distal to which a large mar- ginal plate and the two geni- tal scales may he seen; a coupleofsmallangular plates often lie between oral shields and marginal plate. Oral shields longer than wide, rounded without, pointed within. Adoral plates very large, twice as long as wide; @ oral plates somewhat smaller Fig. 21.—OPHTURA @DIPLAX. X10. a,FROM ABOVE; b,rRom but quite indistinct. Oral BELOW, C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. papille minute, about five on aside. Genital scales very stout, with a marginal series of about a dozen short, blunt papille, which form the inconspicuous arm comb when seen from above. Basal under arm plates somewhat hexagonal or pentagonal, and though the plates rapidly diminish in size, they undergo little change of form, except that they become wider than long distally, while at first they are decidedly longer than wide. Side arm plates somewhat swollen, at first higher than long, but rapidly becoming longer than high, in contact except at base of arm; each plate carries one small arm spine, high up on the distal “Oidéw, signifying to swell, and 7Adé, signifying a plate, in reference to the swollen disk and upper arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 15 margin. Oral tentacle pores do not open distinctly into mouth slit; they are protected by two or three scales on each side. Tentacle pores of arm with three or two scales, and at last only a single scale, on proximal margin. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 4812, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 33’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 176 to 200 fathoms, fine brown mud (2), bottom temperature 34.9°, 6 specimens; station 4819, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 9’ N.; long. 138° 32’ 12’’ E., 245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.1°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 176 to 245 fathoms. Temperature range, 34.9° to 33.1°. Ten specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25618, U.S.N.M., from station 4812. Although this interesting little brittle-star is nearly related to both Ophiura bullata and O. convexa, it is easily distinguished from either (even young specimens) by the single short, blunt arm spine, the wide oral shields, and the large tentacle scales. It is quite possible that ewdiplax is the young of a larger species, but I know of none to which it can be assigned, and it seems to me therefore desirable to both name and figure it. OPHIURA STEREA. Ophioglypha sterea H. L. Crark, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 51, 1908, p. 293. Localities.— Albatross station 3771, off Honshu Island, Japan, 61 fathoms, green mud, sand, 40 specimens; station 3774, off Honshu Island, Japan, 81 fathoms, gray sand, 2 specimens; station 3775, off Honshu Island, Japan, 57 fathoms, green mud, sand, 2 specimens; station 4815, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 16’ N.; long. 138° 52’ W., 70 fathoms, dark green sand, bottom temperature 51°, 1 specimen; station 4826, off Honshu Island, Japan, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 137° 32’ E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 42.5°, 2 specimens; station 4832, off Honshu Island, Japan, lat. 36° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30’ E., 76 to 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, bottom temperature 53.2°, 14 specimens; station 4833, off Honshu Island, Japan, lat. 36° 13’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30” E., 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, rocks, bottom temperature 53.2°, 6 specimens; station 4842, off Korea, lat. 36° 13’ N.; long. 133° 27’ E., 82 fathoms, fine green sand, shells, bottom temperature 54.6°, 1 specimen; station 7965, 01 Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50” E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 1 specimen; station 5046, off Honshu Island, Japan, lat. 38° 15’ 7” N.; long. 141° 44’ 20’’ E., 82: fathoms, dark gray sand, pebbles, bot- tom temperature 50.8°, 20 specimens; station 5055, in Suruga Gulf, Japan, lat. 34° 53’ N.; long. 138° 44’ 15’’, 124 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 56.6°, 6 speci- mens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, Japan, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 13’’ E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 76 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 56.3°,3 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, Japan, lat.35° 4’ 42’"N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’ E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, 5 specimens; locality (%), 2 specimens. Bathy- metrical range, 57 to 191 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.6° to 42.5°. One hundred and five specimens. This fine series of specimens, the disk diameters of which range from 6 to 20 mm., shows conclusively that the original specimens, on which the species was based, were immature. It has therefore seemed advisable to give figures of the adult. The only impor- tant changes which take place as the individuals increase from a disk diameter of 7 mm. to one of 20 are found in the arm comb and the arm spines. The change in the arm comb is an increase in the ou u =e “: 0 be ae i ees yi COST q f) bbs > ra q': es pac AKO \ = 4 [2 Fig. 22.—OPHIURA STEREA. X2.5. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF BASE OF ARM. number of papille, of which there may be as many as twenty-five. The change in the arm spines is far more important; the number of what we may call true arm spines changes little, for there are usu- ally four or five, and only rarely six, but there develops on the distal margin of the side arm plates a secondary series of spines, which may be quite conspicuous, and consist of as many as fifteen spinelets. These spinelets are usually flatter, thinner, and more trun- cate than the true spines, but while the differences may be marked, it is often difficult to distinguish between the true and the secondary spines. This is particularly so at the base of the arm, as may be seen in fig. 22c. On the whole, sterea seems to be very well character- ized and quite distinct from any of its nearest relatives. NORTH PACIFIC. OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. ai OPHIURA SCULPTILIS. Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 84. Ophioglypha variabilis LyMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 85. Ophiura sculptilis MEIssNER, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Locality.—Albatross station 4928, southeast of Yakushima Island, Japan, lat. 29° 51’ N.; long. 131° 2’ 30’’ E., 1,008 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 36.8°, 3 specimens. I have compared these specimens, which have the disk about 9 mm. in diameter, with a cotype of variabilis (Challenger station 195, off Amboina), and with numerous specimens from the West Indies, and I have no doubt of the correctness of the identification. I have also examined, in connection with these specimens, a cotype of O. sculptiis Lyman (Challenger station 237, off Japan), which is of almost exactly the same size and proportions as the cotype of variabilis, and I am forced to the conclusion that the two are conspe- cific. Koehler* has expressed the view that while sculptilis and variabilis are very closely allied they seem to be constantly different in the oral papille and the arrangement of scales just proximal to the radial shields. I do not find that these trivial differences hold in the series before me, and it seems to me necessary to unite the two nominal forms under the name sculptilis, which has the priority of one page over the very appropriate name variabilis. The number of arm spines is given by Lyman as “‘six”’ in seulptilis and “four or five” in variabilis; at the base of the arm, however, there are commonly six or seven and not rarely eight. The Challenger specimen of variabilis has six or seven, the Albatross specimen has seven, and on one joint eight, and several of the Blake specimens have eight on one or more of the arm joints. After the first half dozen joints the number is commonly four or five. OPHIURA PONDEROSA. Ophioglypha ponderosa LyMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 5, 1878, p. 93. Ophiura ponderosa MetssnerR, Bronn’s Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities.—Albatross station 2853, off Alaska, lat. 56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 3 specimens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 2 speci- mens; station 2861, off Alaska, lat. 51° 14’ N.; long. 129° 50’ W., 204 fathoms, bottom ?, bottom temperature 42.6°, 1 specimen; station 3126, off California, lat. 36° 49’ 20’’ N.; long. 122° 12’ 30’” W., 456 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 4,’ 4 specimens; station 3337, off Alaska, lat. 53° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.3°, 43 specimens; station 3339, a Investigator Deep Sea Oph., 1899, p. 20. b The published temperature for this station is obviously erroneous, as shown by the context, 78 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. off Alaska, lat. 54° 46’ N.; long. 157° 43’ 30’’ W., 138 fathoms, mud, gravel, bottom temperature 37.4°, 1 specimen; station 5023, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 43’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 3’ E., 75 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 7 specimens; station 5029, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 22’ 30’ N.; long. 145° 43’ 30’’ E., 440 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 35.3°, 4 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 8 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 75 to 505 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.6° to 30.9°. Seventy-three specimens. This splendid series of specimens is of great interest in showing the growth changes of one of the largest, and probably the heaviest, of the simple-armed ophiurans. The smallest specimen has the disk 6 mm. in diameter and nearly 3 mm. thick. It is covered by about sixty plates, of which the primary plates and five additional plates (one proximal to each pair of radial shields) are more or less swollen and correspondingly conspicuous. In the largest specimen the disk is 47 mm. in diameter and is 14 mm. thick just proximal to the radial shields; it is covered by about one hundred and fifty plates. While the diameter has increased about eight times, the thickness has only increased five times and the number of plates on the disk only two and a half times. In another specimen, in which the disk diameter is about 42 mm. there are only about seventy- five disk plates. In all specimens regardless of size, the radial plate just proximal to the radial shields, is the most swollen and usually the most conspicuous. In the largest specimen the arm is extraor- dinarily triangular (in cross section) at base; each of the three sides is 10 mm. across. In small specimens the arm is not so sharply keeled, but it is distinctly trigonal. The arm spines show considerable diversity in different individuals, quite apart from size. There was only a single specimen in the Challenger collection and it is probable Lyman did not dry that one completely, so that he was misled in regard to the number and arrangement of the arm spines. In reality we can distinguish here, as in sterea, between true and secondary spines. The true spines are usually two in number, short, thick, and peg-like; often there are three, frequently only one, and some- times they appear to be wholly wanting. The secondary spines are very flat, thin, and blunt, and first appear on the angle of the arm between the lowest true spine and the tentacle scales. They may be wholly wanting, especially in young specimens. In adults, they may be numerous (as many as twelve) and reach clear to the top of the side arm plate. Usually they are distinctly more marginal than the true spines, but sometimes all are in the same plane, and then the true spines can only be distinguished, if at all, by their larger size and different shape. In the Challenger specimen, the true spines NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 79 were either wanting or were indistingiishable. The color of most of the individuals before me is some shade of brownish-yellow, but those from station 3126 are nearly pure white. In these specimens also, the oral shields are much narrower and more constricted than in any of the others, but the differences are not sufficiently marked to raise any question as to the specific identity of the form. OPHIURA MEGAPOMA, new species. Disk 17 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk rather high but flat, covered by about 100 to 150 stout, coarse plates, among which the primary plates are not conspicuous. Radial shields of moderate size, rather longer than broad, well separated both without and within, but usually more or less in contact at the middle. Arms rather high, more or less compressed near base. Upper arm plates hexagonal and wider than long at base of arm, but more or less rapidly FiG. 23.—OPHIURA MEGAPOMA. 3. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. becoming longer than wide, and pentagonal or even tetragonal near tip; in contact except at extremity of arm. Interbrachial areas below covered by about twenty rather coarse plates. Oral shields longer than wide, rounded distally but pointed at inner end. Adoral plates large, about twice as long as wide; oral plates smaller, much wider proximally than distally; in the type-specimen there are a number of rounded granules on the inner ends of these plates, but these are wanting in the other specimens. Oral papillz only three on each side, rather small and somewhat pointed; they are directly continuous with the tentacle scales on the outer side of the oral tentacle pore. Genital slits long and moderately conspicuous. Genital scales short and wide distally, rather conspicuous from above; each scale carries about eight wide, truncate, crowded papillae, which, with two additional ones on the outer end of each radial shield, make up the conspicuous arm a Méyac, signifying big, and z@pa, signifying lid, in reference to the large lid-like tentacle scales. 80 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. comb. First under arm plate much longer than wide, with a median keel-like swelling; second plate similar, but wider, and with the keel flat and broad; succeeding plates more or less elongated hexagonal, ultimately becoming tetragonal and then triangular, in contact on basal two-thirds of arm. Side arm plates moderate, somewhat swollen, separated both above and beneath, until near tip of arm; each plate bears four or five minute papilla-like arm spines, which grade so closely into the tentacle scales it is difficult to draw a line between them. Oral tentacle pores opening into mouth slit, but guarded on outer side by four very large scales, of which the most distal is nearly or quite as large as the other three together; these scales are so appressed in all the specimens, that the pore is completely concealed, and one can not even see whether there are any scales on the inner margin of the pore or not; the first four or five tentacle pores of the arm are protected in the same way by from four to seven big scales; farther out there are only four, three, or even two, much smaller scales, which merge into the series of spines on each side arm plate. Color (dried from alcohol), brownish-drab. Localities.— Albatross station 4826, off Japan, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 137° 32’ E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom tem- perature 42.5°, 5 specimens; station 4828, off Japan, lat. 37 23’ N.; long. 137° 36’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 114 to 163 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 42.5° to 34.9°. Nine specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25546, U.S.N.M., from station 4826. This species is quite intermediate between the species of the sarsia group of Ophiura, on the one hand, and the species of the sculptilis eroup on the other, though it appears to be more nearly related to the latter. It is easily distinguished from previously known species by the coarse disk scales and wide, appressed comb papille in com- bination with the minute, blunt arm spines, and the big, flat tentacle scales. The smallest of the specimens before me has the disk 9 mm. in diameter; it has, for the most part three well-spaced arm spines, and only two tentacle scales, often only one, beyond the three or four basal pores. OPHIURA HADRA, new species.a Disk 32 mm. in diameter; arms probably about 100 mm. long. Disk stout, flat or shghtly arched, nearly 10 mm. thick, covered by about seventy-five plates, among which only the radial shields are conspicuously large; the plate just proximal to each pair of radial shields is more or less swollen, much as in ponderosa. Radial shields longer than wide, in contact except at inner end, where they diverge. arms stout, rounded and mie compe went 7 mm. wide and 5 a “Adpbc, Sone ing stout, Oe in aoe to its very heavy, eena appearance. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 81 mm. high at base. Upper arm plates tetragonal with convex distal margin and slightly flaring sides, becoming pentagonal near middle of arm, broadly in contact throughout; basal plates much wider than long, but the length rapidly increases until the plates are much longer than wide. Interbrachial spaces below covered by oral shield and nine or ten marginal and submarginal plates. Oral shields more or less triangular, outer angles slightly rounded, lateral margins more or less strongly notched at head of genital slits. Adoral plates narrow, diverging; oral plates nearly as large, approximately parallel. Oral papille stout, more or less pointed, five or six on a side. Genital slits short and inconspicuous. Genital scales short and only little visible from below, but exceptionally wide and conspicuous from above. Each scale carries : marginal series of fifteen to twenty flat, truncate, ap- pressed papille (see fig. 24), which at upper end of scale are less crowded, and are pointed or rounded at tip, and at lower end pass grad- ually into a series of small papille on margin of an in- conspicuous, accessory, or supplementary genital scale. Basal under arm plate some- what hexagonal, much wider than long,distal margin longer than proximal; five or six succeeding plates tetragonal, wider than long; remaining plates somewhat hexagonal, Fig. 24.—OPHIURA HADRA. X1.75. @, FROM ABOVE; Jb, with narrow proximal end, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF BASE OF ARM. longer than wide, gradually becoming tetragonal, or sometimes dia- mond shaped, and wider than long; all under arm plates in contact with each other until about eighteenth joint, after which they rapidly become widely separated. Side arm plates high but narrow, not meeting above or below on basal half of arm; each plate carries five very small, thick, blunt, well-spaced arm spines; there is no develop- ment of a secondary series as in ponderosa. Oral tentacle pores large, nearly but not quite opening into mouth slit, protected by three to six scales on the outer side and two to four on inner; outermost scale in each series very broad; tentacle pores of arm very large, the basal ones protected by eight to five scales on proximal side and five to two 34916°—Bull. 75—11——6 82 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. on distal; after about the seventh pore, there are no scales on distal side, though there may still be six on the proximal; on terminal part of arm there are three or two scales on the proximal side only. Color (dried from alcohol), dirty-whitish or ivory white. Localities.— Albatross, station 2860, off Washington, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 11 specimens; station 3074, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 48’ 30’’ W., 877 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 1 specimen; station 3075, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 41’ W., 859 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 6 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 859 to 877 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 36.6° to 36.5°. Eighteen specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25612, U.S.N.M., from station 3075. This handsome species is a near relative of ponderosa but is at once distinguished from that species by the rounded arms, with very different arm spines. It is evidently an inhabitant of deeper, colder water, and apparently has a much more restricted range. The speci- mens from station 2860 are all small, with disk diameters ranging from 3.5 to 9 mm.; the largest has two arms nearly unbroken, only the tip is gone, and these are about 30 mm. long. These young specimens resemble the adults in all essential particulars, except in the number of arm spines; most of them have only a single spine, but the larger ones have two well-spaced spines on most of the basal joints. In the adults from stations 3074 and 3075, the arms are all broken in their basal half, so it is not possible to determine the num- ber of arm spines near their tips. OPHIURA STIPHRA, new species. @ Disk 16 mm. in diameter; arms about 42 mm. long. Disk high, about 7 mm. thick, covered by a smooth, firm coat, of about one hundred and twenty-five scales, among which the primary plates can be distinguished but the radial shields are the most prominent. Radial shields about as wide as long, in contact near middle but sepa- rated within and widely so distally, by a single large scale. Arms high at base, distinctly compressed. Upper arm plates rather variable in shape, but tending to be more or less distinctly hexagonal, though basal ones have decidedly convex distal margins; basal ones also much wider than long but beyond middle of arm, length generally exceeds width. Interbrachial spaces below, each nearly one-half covered by oral shield, distal to which is a series of about four long plates, which occupy most of remaining space. Oral shield oval, narrower proximally. Adoral plates nearly triangular, pointed dis- tally, but with very indistinct outlines; oral plates narrow but con- spicuously swollen at proximal end, so that there is a marked eleva- a Xcpdc, signifying compact, solid, in reterence to the hard, compact structure. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 83 tion on face of each jaw. Oral papille about five on a side, those at tip of jaw rather large and pointed. Genital slits inconspicuous but genital scales large and very conspicuous from above; each scale carries a closely crowded series of about thirty marginal papille which are flat and truncate orally but become very slender and some- what pointed at upper end of scale. Basal under arm plates wider than long and wider without than within, each with a conspicuous swelling or keel occupying median part of plate; succeeding plates squarish or hexagonal without a keel, gradually becoming longer than wide. Side arm plates high but narrow, and not meeting above or below until far out on terminal part of arm; each plate carries two or three true arm spines and a marginal fringe of secondary spines; secondary fringe resembles arm comb, consisting at lower end of flat, truncate papille and above of slender, more spine-like processes; altogether there may be a dozen or more teeth in this fringe; lowest true arm spine just above outermost tentacle scale, for which it might Fig. 25.—OPHIURA STIPHRA. 3. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF BASE OF ARM. easily be mistaken as it exceeds it very little in size; second arm spine a little longer and usually quite pointed; it is nearly its own length above lowest; third spine, when present, is at extreme upper corner of side arm plate and is smallest of three. Oral tentacle pores large, not opening into mouth slit, protected by about five large flatscales on each side; basal tentacle pores of arm similar but with as many as eight scales on proximal side and only three or four on distal; beyond about eighth or ninth pore there are no scales on distal mar- gin of pore but there are three or four on the proximal side far out on arm; outermost tentacle scale quite similar in form to lowest true arm spine. Color (dried from alcohol), fawn color, pale buff, pale gray, or whitish. Localities.— Albatross station 3700, off Honshu Island, Japan, 63 fathoms, volcanic mud, sand, 1 specimen; station 3708, off Honshu Island, Japan, 60 to 70 fathoms, green mud, voleanic sand, ashes, 3 specimens; station 3713, off Honshu Island, Japan, 45 to 48 84 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 6 specimens; station 3716, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 65 to 125 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 5 specimens; station 4807, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 36’ 12’” N.; long. 140° 36’ W., 44 to 47 fathoms, shells, coarse gravel, 1 specimen; station 4874, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 38’ N.; long. 130° 3’ E., 66 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4933, off Kagoshima Gulf, ‘lat..30° 59’ N:; long. 130° 29" 50” Ht, 152 Tathoms, rocky; bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen; station 4934, off Kagoshima Gulf, lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 44 to 152 fathoms. Twenty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25728, U.S.N.M., from station 4807. This species resembles sterea so closely that viewed simply from above it can not be distinguished with certainty, although the upper arm plates are somewhat different. But a glance at the arm spines is sufficient to enable one to separate the two species without fail. The secondary arm spines of stvphra are so fully differentiated into a marginal fringe and are so sharply distinct from the true spines that the general appearance is quite unlike that of sterea. OPHIURA PENICHRA, new species.a Disk 24 mm. in diameter; arms about 70 mm. long. Disk high, about 7 mm. thick, covered by a close, smooth coat, of rather less Fig. 26.—OPHIURA PENICHRA. X2. a, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. than one hundred scales, among which the primary plates are not always distinguishable, but the radial shields are conspicuous. Radial shields rather longer than wide, united for about two-thirds of their length, inner ends diverging. Arms high, compressed, and faintly keeled at base. Upper arm plates tetragonal, much wider than long, gradually becoming hexagonal and ultimately, longer than wide, in contaet nearly to tip of arm. Interbrachial spaces below mostly covered by oral shield and three elongated plates distal to it. “ Ileezxooc, signifying poor, needy, in reference to the depauperate arm spines. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 85 Oral shields moderateiy large, much longer than wide. Adoral plates large, well defined, twice as long as wide; oral plates smaller, more or ‘eee parallel, with a conspicuous unpaired plate at en proximal ends. Oral papille few and stout, about four on a side. Genital slits small but genital scales large and conspicuous, especially when seen from above; each scale carries a marginal series of about eighteen short, thick, blunt papille which change little in form as they pass from lower to upper end of scale. Basal under arm plates squarish, wider than long, becoming octagonal, heptagonal, hex- agonal, pentagonal, and at last rhombic; they are broadly in contact on basal half of arm but become widely separated distally. Side arm plates not very large, well separated from each other below and above, except near tip of arm; each plate carries near its middle, on distal. margin, a single minute, papilla-like arm spine; there is no trace of secondary arm spines. Oral tentacle pore opens into mouth slit; it is protected by four or five flat, stout, scales on each side; basal pores on arms similar, but with no scales on distal side of pore after about the sixth joint; two tentacle scales continue to tip of arm, on proximal side of pore. Color (dried from alcohol), buff, grayish, or nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 5036, off Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 41° 58’ N.; long. 142° 30’ 30’’ E., 464 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 5 specimens; station 5038, off Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 42° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 36’ E., 175 fathoms, fine black sand, broken shells, brown mud, bottom temperature 37.1°, 5 specimens; station 5043, off Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 42° 10’ 20’’ N.; long. 142° 15’ 20’’ E., 309 to 330 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, coral, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 11 specimens; station 5044, off Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 42° 10’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 14’ E., 309 to 359 fathoms, gray sand, coral, sand, bottom temperature 32.1°, 6 speci- mens. Bathymetrical range, 175 to 464 fathoms. Temperature range, 37.9° to 32.1°. Twenty-seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25528, U.S.N M., from station 5038. This is another species, very similar to sterea at first sight, but easily distinguished by a glance at the arm spines. The arm comb is also very different from those of sterea and stiphra. The conspicu- ous unpaired plate at apex of the jaw is not characteristic as a similar plate can usually be seen in sterea, ponderosa, and tke other related forms. OPHIURA ATACTA, new species.@ Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 15 mm. long, probably. Disk somewhat arched, covered with 150 to 175 scales, which are of very diverse sizes and show no definite arrangement. Radial shields @ A caxtoc, signifying out of ar in mares to the wiinondered appearance of the disk scales. ‘ 86 BULLETIN 175, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. large, somewhat triangular, nearly twice as long as wide, well sepa- rated within but touching distally. Upper arm plates tetragonal (becoming triangular on distal half of arm), with distal margin con- vex and much longer than proximal; lateral margins somewhat concave, and distinctly longer than distal; only first six or eight, in contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered by fifteen to twenty irregular plates. Genital slits long and conspicuous, bounded by very large genital scales; each scale carries near its distal end a few blunt papille, which are flat, squarish, and closely in contact with each other, when seen, as an arm comb, from above. Oral shields large, about as long as broad, or longer, somewhat pentagonal. Adoral plates long and narrow, meeting within; oral plates rather large, three times as long as wide. Oral papille about five on a side, subequal, squarish but pointed, crowded. First under arm plate large, hexagonal, much wider than long; succeeding plates triangular an Se eh Ds see -ee eee aculeata var. japonica. Supplementary plates more or less numerous (ten to twenty-four to each upper arm plate), angular or rounded; arm spines ~-14 arm joints, blunt; radial shields covered, or if bare, nearly circular; disk with or (more commonly in Atlantic specimens) without spines. aculeata var. typica. Supplementary plates few (six to ten to each upper arm plate), large, angular and crowded; arm spines short, rarely equal to a joint; disk without spines! ...3. 252 0ya S22 eee aculeata var. kennerlyt. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 117 OPHIOPHOLIS MIRABILIS. Ophiolepis mirabilis DuNcAN, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 460. Ophiopholis mirabilis Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vol. 6, 1879, p. 43. Localities.— Albatross station 3656, Hakodate Bay, 11.5 fathoms, green mud, sand, 7 specimens; station 3657, Hakodate Bay, 13.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 12 specimens; station 3658, Hakodate Bay, 22 fathoms, fine gray sand, 4 specimens; station 3659, Hakodate Bay, 15.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 14 specimens; station 3771, off Doumiki Saki, Japan, 61 fathoms, green mud, sand, 3 specimens; station 3773, off Kinkwasan Light, Japan, 78 fathoms, black sand, 4 specimens; station 4832, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat. 36° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30” E., 76 to 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, bottom tem- perature 53.2°, 1 specimen; station 5095, Uraga Strait, Japan, lat. Ba. ot Nos lone. 139° 38’ 36" Be, 58 fathoms, fine black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 11.5 to 79 fathoms. Temperature range, down to 53.2°. Forty- seven specimens. These specimens range in disk diameter from 4 to 16 mm. and make up an excel- lent series of this interesting species, the most easily recognized of any in the genus. Duncan’s types were only 7 or 8 mm. across the disk (Lyman’s estimate of 4 mm.seems to me too low), but specimens of that size show the generic and specific characters ey eee aan clearly and it is quite incomprehensible to sormtye_ Portion oF DISK; FROM me why Duncan should have considered = *"°"™ his specimens as Ophiolepis or in any way connecting links with that genus. Apparently mirabilis is confined to rather warm, shallow water on the northern coasts of Japan and does not extend south of Sagami Bay or north of the Hokkaido. OPHIOPHOLIS BRACHYACTIS, new species. Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 55 mm. long. Disk covered by large radial shields and small circular or oval plates, surrounding which are more or less numerous rounded or angular granules; these granules are largest at the interradial margins and in some specimens become there thick, tubercle-like spines with rough tips. Radial shields always conspicuous, much longer than broad. Arms rather broad and stout at base, with very attenuate tips; they measure three to five times the diameter of the disk, but as the attenuate tip is a Boaydc, signifying short, and dxcic, signifying ray, in reference to the seemingly short, stout arms. 118 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. easily broken, most of the specimens have the appearance of being unusually short-armed; this appearance is added to by the habit the animal has of coiling the arms vertically, a process by which the attenuate tips are protected but also concealed. Upper arm plates narrowly transverse elliptical in outline, nearly three times as wide as long at base of arm but becoming relatively narrower and longer; distal to each plate is a series of six to eight large squarish granules, placed together and not extending proximally along the sides of the upper arm plates. Interbrachial areas below covered by numerous short thorny stumps. Oral shields commonly wider than long, rounded laterally but with a distal angle. Adoral plates oblong, short, and wide. Oral papille spine-like but rather stout, in a cluster of four to six, just proximal to adoral plates. Teeth numerous, in about a dozen horizontal series, the lowest of which contain several small teeth that might be called tooth papillae; the whole group makes a long, narrow, vertical or oblique oval, widest near the bottom. FIG. 44.— OPHIOPHOLIS BRACHYACTIS. X 4.5. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Genital slits and scales large. First under arm plate very small and indistinct; succeeding plates oblong, nearly twice as wide as long, separated from each other by spaces nearly as wide as themselves. Side arm plates moderate, not nearly meeting either below or above, the distal margin elevated into a conspicuous spine-bearing ridge; each plate carries seven short, thick, pointed spines, the middle ones longest (about equal to joint), the uppermost shortest. Tentacle pores large with a single tentacle scale. Color (dried from alcohol), yellow, cream color, or dirty white. Localities.— Albatross station 3698, off Manazuru Zaki, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 7 specimens; station 4833, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat. 36° 13’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30” E., 79 fathoms, dark-gray sand, rocks, bottom temperature 53.2°, 2 speci- mens; station 4892, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ 30’’ N.; long. 128° 33) le 181 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 7 specimens; station 4900, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 28’ SOM SING: NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 119 long. 128° 34’ 40” E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 10 specimens; station 4916, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 25’ N.; long. 129° 6’ 40”’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 specimen; station 4918 Hastern Sea, lat. 30° 22’ N.; long. 129° 8’ 30’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 speci- men; station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50”’ E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 8specimens; station 4934, Eastern. Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 30’ N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 60.6° to 56°, 9 specimens; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20” N.; long. 135° 10’ 50”’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 2 specimens; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 55.8°, 6 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ K., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’’ E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymet- rical range, 79 to 361 fathoms. Temperature range 60.6° to 42.7°. Fifty-seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25642, U.S.N.M., from station 4833. Like mirabilis, this species is very easy to recognize, for it shows little tendency to variation, and in its color and in the arrangement of its supplementary upper arm plates, it is quite different from the other members of the genus. Its range is south of that of the other species, and it may be regarded as one of the characteristic ophiurans of southern Japan. OPHIOPHOLIS LONGISPINA, new species.@ Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 80 mm. long. Disk covered in large part by radial shields; between these and on center of disk are a number of more or less circular or elliptical plates; on many of these there is a single long slender spine; these spines may be acicular as in fig. 45a, or they may be rough with minute thorns and end in several teeth. Radial shields very large, much longer than wide, separated from each other or just touching at distal end. Upper arm plates circular or longer than wide, much swollen distally, more or less surrounded by rounded granules, which are not in close contact except at sides of plates, where several may touch each other; basal upper arm plates smaller than those farther out. Interbrachial areas below covered by spine-bearing plates. Oral shield very short and wide, with adoral plates nearly as large. Oral papille long, flat, and blunt, three or four in a cluster just proximal to adoral plate. Teeth a Longus, signifying long, and spinus, signifying spine, in reference to the long arm spines. 120 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. in a very narrow, oblique, oval area. Genital slits large, but genital scales rather slender and inconspicuous. First under arm plate very small, but succeeding plates large and somewhat hexagonal, scarcely in contact, about as long as wide. Side arm plates rather large, each one carrying a vertical spine-ridge upon which are borne six to eight rather slender, bluntly pointed arm spines; uppermost spine longest, about equal to three arm joints, lower ones successively shorter. Tentacle pores moderately large, each with a single blunt tentacle Cc FIG. 45.—OPHIOPHOLIS LONGISPINA. X5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. scale. Color (dried from alcohol), deep pink, marked with lighter; pale pink becoming almost white; or light yellowish brown. Localitves.— Albatross station 2890, off Oregon, lat. 43° 46’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 277 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42.2°, 3 specimens; station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 43’ W., 636 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 43 specimens; station 3071, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ N.; long. 125° 33’ 30’’ W., 685 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 3 specimens; station 3104, off California, lat. 37° 23’ N.; long. 123° 8’ NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 121 W., 391 fathoms, clay, bottom temperature 40.8°, 3 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 277 to 685 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.2° to 37.9°. Fifty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25653, U.S.N.M., from station 3071. This species is undoubtedly very near the japonica forin of aculeata but the character of the disk spines is quite distinctive and the huge radial shields, long arm spines, and peculiar upper arm plates com- bine to give longispina an easily recognizable appearance. Some specimens, however, have the upper arm plates very clearly wider than long and scarcely at all swollen, while the supplementary granules are angular and near together. Such specimens resemble japonica very much, but the character of the disk distinguishes them. The general appearance of this species is remarkably Ophiothriz-like, the long arm spines, and finely spiny disk combining with the long, slender arms to make one think of that genus. The geographical, bathymetrical, and temperature ranges of longispina are all remark- ably limited. OPHIOPHOLIS BAKERI. Ophiopholis bakeri McCLeNvon, Uniy. of California Publ., Zool., vol. 6, 1909, no. 3. pe AL. Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long. Disk plates completely concealed under a dense coat of delicate spines; these spines show great diversity in length, being longest near center of disk and in the interradial areas and shortest on the radial shields; they are more or less thorny and generally end in several teeth. Radial shields entirely concealed, though their outline can often be distinguished, emphasized by the shortness of the spines which cover them. Upper arm plates roundish, sometimes wider than long, often swollen distally; supplementary plates fairly numerous, especially at sides of upper arm plates, but not closely in contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a close coat of spines. Oral shields very small, somewhat hexagonal, much wider than long, with long, narrow adoral plates proximal to them. Oral papille flat and blunt, about three in a group proximal to each adoral plate. Teeth not peculiar. Under arm plates, side arm plates, tentacle pores, and tentacle scales essentially the same as in longispina. Arm spines five to seven; uppermost longest but hardly equal to two joints. Color (dried from alcohol), some shade of pink, ranging from very pale to quite deep, more or less marked and variegated with white. Localities —Albatross station 2861, off British Columbia, lat. 51° 14’ N.; long. 129° 50’ W., 204 fathoms, bottom temperature 42.6°, 1 specimen; station 2866, off Washington, lat. 48° 9’ N.; long. 125° 3’ W., 171 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 43.2°, 2 specimens; station 2877, off Washington, lat. 48° 33’ N.; long. 124° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 3 specimens; station 2886, off Oregon, lat 43° 59’ N.; long. 124° 56’ 122 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 30’’ W., 50 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 48.1°, 237 speci- mens; station 2887, off Oregon, lat. 43° 58’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 42 fathoms, clay, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.1°, 49 specimens; station 2888, off Oregon, lat. 43° 58’ N.; long. 124° 57’ 30’’ W., 41 fathoms, clay, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 22 specimens; station 2889, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ N.; long. 124° 56’ W., 46 fath- oms, clay, shells, bottom temperature 47.7°, 4 specimens; station 3050, off Oregon, lat. 44° 1’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 46 fathoms, coral, broken shells, bottom temperature 46.1°, 2 specimens; station 3051, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 58’ 30’’ W., 59 fath- oms, coral, broken shells, rocky, 16 specimens; station 3052, off ZN Hy i th NN ELIT N 0 ALLA MINOR EEE HMI NRA NS Yi My aS PELL: iy LAN . of Ci} i h le € paced Ly, ANNAN eb S Si es rs a N FIG. 46.—OPHIOPHOLIS BAKERI. 5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW, C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Oregon, lat. 44° N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 48 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 49°, 2 specimens; station 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4’ 30’’ N.; long. 124° 50’ W., 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 22 specimens; sta- tion 3054, off Oregon, lat. 44° 13’ N.; long. 124° 44’ 30’” W., 53 fath- oms, rocks, bottom temperature 48°, 5 specimens; station 3079, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 44’ 40’ W., 55 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 46.7°, 2 specimens; station 3160, off California, lat. 37° 48’ 35’’ N.; long. 128° 12’ 40’” W., 39 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 51.8°, 2 specimens; station 3184, off California, lat. 36° 26’ 40’’ N.; long. 122° 00’ 5’’ W., 77 fathoms, sand, gravel, bottom NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 1923 temperature 46.4°, 8 specimens; station 3672, off California, lat. 37 30’ N.; long. 123° 2’ W., 68 fathoms, sand, coral, rocks, bottom temperature 49°,6 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 39 to 204 fath- oms. Temperature range, 51.8° to 42.6°. Two hundred and eighty- three specimens. After this report had been completed, McClendon’s paper on the ophiurans of the San Diego Region appeared, and it became evident that this Ophiopholis, which I had described and figured as new, was identical with the species to which he had given the name bakeri. But I determined to let my description and figures stand for comparison with those of longispina to which bakeri is very nearly allied. Typical specimens of the two forms are so different that anyone would regard them as perfectly distinct species, but some specimens of longispina have numerous disk spines which crowd around the radial shields, though not actually encroaching on them, while in some specimens of bakeri the spines on the radial shields are much smaller and farther apart than elsewhere. I have not seen a specimen which could not be placed in one species or the other with little hesitation, and for that reason it seems best to use two names, but it must be admitted that the line of separation between the two forms is very narrow. It is interesting to note that although bakeri ranges much farther south, the geographical areas of the two overlap, while the bathymetrical and temperature ranges are quite distinct. OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA var. JAPONICA. Ophiopholis japontca Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 6, 1879, p. 42. Localities.— Albatross station 2842, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 18 speci- mens; station 2843, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56’ N.; long. 165° 56’ W., 45 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 43.5°, 2 speci- mens; station 2846, off Alaska, lat. 54° 8’ N.; long. 162° 44’ W., 44 fathoms, gravel, bottom temperature 42°, 115 specimens; station 2847, off Alaska, lat. 55° 1’ N.; long. 160° 12’ W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 1 specimen; station 2849, off Alaska, lat. 55° 16’ N.; long. 160° 28’ W., 69 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 43°, 24 specimens; station 2853, off Alaska, lat. 56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 11 speci- mens; station 2854, off Alaska, lat. 56° 55’ N.; long. 153° 4’ W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 2 specimens; station 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7’ N.; long. 151° 36’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 44°, 20 specimens; station 2857, off Alaska, lat. 58° 5’ N.; long. 150° 46’ W., 51 fathoms, broken shells, gray sand, bottom temperature 44.6°, 10 specimens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 67 specimens; station 3212. 124 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. off Alaska, lat. 54° 5’ 30’’N.; long. 162° 54’ W., 49 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 38°, 219 specimens; station 3213, off Alaska, lat. 54° 10’ N.; long. 162° 57’ 30’’ W., 41 fathoms, black sand, 44 specimens; station 3214, off Alaska, lat. 54° 13’ N.; long. 163° 6’ W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 136 specimens; sta- tion 3215, off Alaska, lat. 54° 14’ 40’ N.; long. 163° 24’ W., 43 fath- oms, gravel, bottom temperature 38.5°, 50 specimens; station 3226, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 1’ N.; long. 167° 25’ W., 128 fathoms, mud, sand, shells, bottom temperature 38.5°, 19 specimens; station 3228, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 39’ 20’’ N.; long. 157° 17’ 30’’ W., 8 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 3285, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 45’ 45’ N.; long. 160° 42’ 45’” W., 35 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 41°, 3 specimens; station 3311, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 397 36’’N.; long. 166° 29’ 43’’ W., 85 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 41°, 108 specimens; station 3312, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 59'11’"N.; long. 166° 25’ 9’’ W., 45 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 43°, 7 specimens; station 3315, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 42’ W., 277 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 10 specimens; station 3316, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 45’’ W., 309 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom tempera- ture 38.2°, 9 specimens; station 3317, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 57’ 40” N.; long. 166° 59’ W., 165 fathoms, coarse sand, gravel, rocks, bottom temperature 39.5°, 10 specimens; station 3321, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 15’ 40’’ W., 54 fathoms, dark mud, bottom temperature 41.5°, 13 specimens; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 23’ 50’ W., 35 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 5 specimens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fathoms, mud, 2 specimens; sta- tion 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 50’’ N.; long. 166° 45’ W., 406 fathoms, rocky, sand, 13 specimens; station 3337, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 55’ 30’” N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.3°, 39 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 67 N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 6 speci- mens; station 3486, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 19’ N.; long. 173° 58’ W., 150 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 13 specimens; station 3487, Bering Sea, lat 57° 10’ N.; long. 173° 45’ W., 81 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.6°, 4 speci- mens; station 3495, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 37’ N.; long. 170° 1’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 3 speci- mens; station 3500, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 2’ N.; long. 169° 30’ W., 121 fathoms, fine gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38.6°, 3 speci- mens; station 3545, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 15’ N.; long. 171° 33’ W., 1,030 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, clay, bottom temperature 36°, 1 specimen; station 3602, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32’ N.; long. 172° 40’ W., 81 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.1°, 45 speci- NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 125 mens; station 3661, Gulf of Tokyo, 169 fathoms, mud, pebbles, bot- tom temperature 48°, 3 specimens; station 3699, off Port Arari, Japan, 400 to 726 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic particles, 1 specimen; station 3785, Bering Sea, North of Aleutian Islands, 270 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 21 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 40’ 30’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 237 to 244 fathoms, gray sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.5°, 2 specimens; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31’ N.; long. 179° 15’ E., 247 fathoms, 43 specimens; station 4771, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ N.; long. 179° 17’ E., 426 fathoms, broken shells, 183 specimens; station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 372 fathoms, green-brown sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 173 specimens; station 4777, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 49’ E., 43 to 52 fathoms, fine gravel, 2 specimens; station 4779, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 57’ W., 54 to 56 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, sand, 1 specimen; station 4781, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 165 specimens; station 4782, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55’ N.; long. 173° 27’ E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rocks, gravel, 7 specimens; station 4784, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 145 specimens; station 4788, off Copper Island, lat. 54° 50’ 24’’ N.; long. 167° 13’ E., 56 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 4 specimens; station 4789, off Copper Island, lat. 54° 49’ 45’” N.; long. 167° 12’ 30°’ E., 56 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4790, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 38’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 11’ 45’’ E., 64 fathoms, pebbles, 10 specimens; station 4791, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36’ 15’” N.; long. 166° 58’ 15’’ E., 72 to 76 fathoms, rocky, 10 specimens; station 4792, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 166° 57’ 15” E., 72 fathoms, pebbled, 24 specimens; station 4797, off Kamchatka, lat. 52° 37’ 307’ N.; long. 158° 50’ E., 682 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 36.6°, 2 specimens; station 4803, off Simushir Island, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 45’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 44 specimens; station 4804, off Simushir Island, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 47’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 74 specimens; station 4809, sea of Japan, lat. 41° 18’ N.; long. 140° 8’ 40” E., 90 to 207 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, broken shells, bot- tom temperature 48.8°, 61 specimens; station 4810, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 17’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 7’ E., 195 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 44.7°, 18 specimens; station 4812, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 33’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 176 to 200 fathoms, fine brown mud (?), bottom temperature 34.9°, 6 specimens; station 4822, Sea of Japan, lat. 37° 8’ 10’’ N.; long. 137° 8’ E., 130 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.4°, 40 specimens; station 4826, Sea of Japan, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 137° 32’ E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, 126 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. black specks, bottom temperature 42.5°, 6 specimens; station 4861, off Korea, lat. 36° 19’ N.; long. 129° 47’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.4°, 1 specimen; station 4967, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 10’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 20’ K., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.9°, 1 specimen; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen; station 4972, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bot- tom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 2 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10’ 30’ E., 390 to 428 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 6 specimens; station 4985, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 5’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 15’ 15’’ E., 224 fathoms, green mud (7), bottom temperature 33.1°, 1 specimen; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19’ 20’ N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 51 specimens; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 48’ E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 2 specimens; station 4995, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 33’ 40’’ N.; long. 140° 54’ E., 86 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 43.4°, 62 specimens; station 4996, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 35’ N.; long. 140° 55’ E., 86 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 43.4°, 13 specimens; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30’’ E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 2 specimens; station 5010, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 142° 43’ 30”’ E., 21 to 32 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature ?%, 11 specimens; station 5017, Ok- hotsk Sea, lat. 46° 43’ 30’’ N.; long. 148° 45’ E., 64 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, rocks, coral, bottom temperature ?, 7 speci- mens; station 5018, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 41’ 30”” N.; long. 143° 57’ 40”’ E., 100 fathoms, brown mud, black sand, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 30.4°, 2 specimens; station 5031, Yezo Strait, lat. 44° 4’ N.; long. 145° 32’ E., 86 fathoms, dark sand, gravel, bottom temperature 43.7°, 5 specimens; station 5037, off southern Hokkaido, lat. 42° 2’ 40’ N.; long. 142° 33’ 20’’ E., 175 to 349 fathoms, bottom temperature 37.9°, 4 specimens; station 5038, off southern Hokkaido, lat. 42° 2’ 40’ N.; long. 142° 36’ E., 175 fathoms, fine black sand, brown mud, broken shells, bottom temperature 37.1°, 1 specimen; station 5049, off Kinkwasan, Japan; lat. 38° 12’ N.; long. 142° 2’ E., 82 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.8°, 2 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 7 specimens; station 5080, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 10’ 30’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 505 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 127 temperature 38.7°, 8 specimens, station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20’’ E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 37’ 42”” E., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 1 specimen; station 5095, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 5’ 34’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 36”’ E., 58 fathoms, fine black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.8°, 4 specimens; Kadiak, 1 specimen; Prince of Wales Island, 1 specimen; Dolgoi Sound, 1 Fic. 47.—OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA VAR. JAPONICA. @, E TREME FORM WITH SMALL SUPPLEMENTARY UPPER ARM PLATES AND NUMEROUS LONG DISK SPINES, X 2.66; b, MORE USUAL FORM WITH FEWER DISK 8PINES, X 3.33 ; Cc, UNUSUAL FORM WITH MANY DISK SCALES RESORBED, X 8.5; d, TYPICAL FORM WITHOUT DISK SPINES, X 4. specimen; locality ?, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 8 to 1,030 fathoms. Temperature range, 57.8 to 30.4°. Two thousand two hundred and eighty-two specimens. A number of these specimens agree so well with Lyman’s figures and description of japonica that I felt no doubt as to their identifica- tion, even before comparison with a cotype of that species. But I soon found that these specimens intergrade so completely with 128 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. typical aculeata that it is impossible for me to separate them satis- factorily. The four figures (47a—d) will give a little idea of the diver- sity which this species shows in the disk covering and in the plates of the upper side of the arm. While typical japonica approaches kennerlyi, we find specimens at the other extreme which approach very near to longispina and bakeri. Although japonica is very com- mon in Bering Sea and near the Aleutian Islands, it extends down on the Japanese coast nearly to lat. 33°, while on the American coast it is not found below lat. 54°, being replaced by var. kennerlyi. The largest specimen in the collection is 22 mm. across the disk. The bathymetrical and temperature ranges of this variety are notable. OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA. Asterias aculeata LINNmUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1767, p. 1101. Ophiopholis aculeata Gray, List Brit. Mus., Rad. Anim., 1848, p. 25. Localities.— Albatross station 2842, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 166° 3’ W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 9 speci- mens; station 2845, off Alaska, lat. 54° 5’ N.; long. 164° 9’ W., 42 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 42°, 37 specimens; station 2846, off Alaska, lat. 54° 8’ N.; long. 162° 44’ W., 44 fathoms, gravel, bottom temperature 42°, 12 specimens; station 2849, off Alaska, lat. 55° 16’ N.; long. 160° 28’ W., 69 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 43°, 24 specimens; station 2850, off Alaska, lat. 54° 52’ N.; long. 159° 46’ W., 21 fathoms, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.2°, 1 specimen; station 2854, off Alaska, lat. 56° 55’ N.; long. 153° 4’ W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 2 specimens; station 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7’ N.; long. 151° 36’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 44°, 15 specimens; station 2857, off Alaska, lat. 58° 5’ N.; long. 150° 46’ W., 51 fathoms, broken shells, gray sand, bottom temperature 44.6°, 10 specimens; station 2874, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 27 fathoms, rocks, shells, bottom temperature 50.3°, 4 specimens; station 2875, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 40 fathoms, rocks, shells, bottom temperature 47.8°, 1 speci- men; station 2887, off Oregon, lat. 43° 58’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 42 fathoms, clay, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.1°, 1 specimen; station 3095, off Oregon, lat. 42° 44’ 45’’ N.; long. 124° 38’ 10’’ W., 42 fathoms, rocks, stones, broken shells, bottom temperature 47°, 3 specimens; station 3158, off California, lat. 37° 47’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 10’ 40’’ W., 29 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 51.4°, 1 speci- men; station 3159, off California, lat. 37° 47’ 20’’ N.; long. 123° 10’ W., 27 fathoms, rocky, 1 specimen; station 3168, off California, lat. 38° 1’ 25’’ N.; long. 123° 26’ 55”’ W., 34 fathoms, rocky, coral, 1 speci- men; station 3212, off Alaska, lat. 54° 5’ 30’’ N.; long. 162° 54’ W., 49 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 38°, 99 NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 129 specimens; station 3213, off Alaska, lat. 54° 10’ N.; long. 162° 57’ 30’ W., 41 fathoms, black sand, 43 specimens; station 3214, off Alaska, lat. 54° 13’ N.; long. 163° 6’ W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 14 specimens; station 3215, off Alaska, lat. 54° 14’ 40’’ N.; long. 163° 24’ W., 43 fathoms, gravel, bottom temperature 38.5°, 7 specimens; station 3262, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49’ 30’’ N.; long. 165° 2’ W., 43 fathoms, black sand, rocks, bottom temperature 43°, 4 specimens; station 3263, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 4’ N.; long. 165° 4’ W., 61 fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 39.5°, 1 specimen; station 3274, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 34’ 30’’ N.; long. 162° 31’ 45’’ W., 19 fathoms, black sand, shells, 36 specimens; station 3282, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 30’ 45’’ N.; long. 161° 50’ 15’’ W., 53 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.2°, 8 specimens; station 3283, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 28’ N.; long. 161° 16’ 30’’ W., 39 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 40.3°, 1 specimen; station 3285, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 45’ 45’’ N.; long. 160° 42’ 45’’ W., 35 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 41°, 3 specimens; station 3289, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 44’ 30’’ N.; long. 159° 16’ W., 16 fathoms, black sand, 1 specimen; station 3317, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 57’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 59’ W., 165 fathoms, coarse sand, gravel, rocks, bottom tem- perature 39.5°, 10 specimens; station 3319, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 40’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 30’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, bottom tempera- ture 40.8°, 3 specimens; station 3321, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 33’ 30” N.; long. 167° 15’ 40’’ W., 54 fathoms, dark mud, bottom temperature 41.5°, 20 specimens; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 23’ 50’’ W., 35 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 1 specimen; station 3337, off Alaska, lat. 53° 55’ 30” N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tempera- ture 39.3°, 6 specimens; station 3443, off Washington, lat. 48° 13” 30’ N.; long. 123° 11’ 20’ W., 97 fathoms, green mud, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 2 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 6 specimens; station 3482, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 170° 42’ W., 42 fath- oms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38.9°, 1 specimen; station 3485, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 172° 34’ W., 62 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.1°, 1 specimen; station 3487, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 10’ N.; long. 173° 45’ W., 81 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.6°, 4 specimens; station 3496, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32’ N.; long. 169° 45’ W., 41 fathoms, gray sand, stones, green mud, bottom temperature 39.9°, 13 specimens; station 3497, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 18’ N.; long. 169° 38’ W., 86 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 38.7°, 1 specimen; station 3498, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 13’ N.; long. 169° 36’ W., 142 fath- oms, fine gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38.6°, 3 specimens; 34916°—Bull. 75—11——9 130 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. station 3500, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 2’ N.; long. 169° 30’ W., 121 fathoms, fine gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38.6°, 11 specimens; station 3546, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12’ N.; long. 165° 42’ W., 36 fathoms, gravel, black sand, bottom temperature 45.6°, 4 specimens; station 3552, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 28’ N.; long. 169° 28’ W.,54 fathoms, black sand, rocky, bottom temperature 39.8°, 19 specimens; station 3558, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 58’ N.; long. 170° 9’ W., 25 fathoms, sand, dark specks, rocky, bottom temperature 42.5°, 33 specimens; station 3560, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 40’ N.; long. 169° 20’ W., 43 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 3 specimens; station 3599, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 5’ N.; long. 177° 40’ W., 55 fathoms, rocky, fine sand, shells, 60 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35’ N.; long. 168° 20’ W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tempera- ture 37.9°, 1 specimen; station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30” N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 372 fathoms, green-brown sand, bottom tem- perature 38.1°, 5 specimens; station 4777, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 49’ E., 43 to 52 fathoms, fine gravel, 240 specimens; station 4778, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 12’ N.; long. 179° 52’ E., 33 to 43 fathoms, fine black gravel, pebbles, broken shells, 85 specimens; station 4779, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 57’ W., 54 to 56 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, sand, 102 specimens; station 4782, off Aleu- tians, lat. 52° 55’ N.; long. 173° 27’ E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rocks, gravel, 156 specimens; station 4788, off Copper Island, lat. 54° 50’ 24” N.; long. 167° 13’ E., 56 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4792, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36’ 15’’ N.; long. 166° 57’ 15” E., 72 fathoms, pebbles, 3 specimens; station 4860, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 18’ N.; long. 129° 44’ E., 122 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 34.1°, 1 specimen; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 4 specimens; station 4994, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 27’ 50’ N.; long. 140° 54’ E., 190 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 34°, 24 specimens; station 4996, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 35’ N.; long 140° 55’ E., 86 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 43.4°, 4 specimens; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30’ E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 1 specimen; station 5016, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 44’ 30’’ N.; long. 143° 45’ E., 64 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, rocks, coral, bottom temperature 29.8°, 1 specimen; station 5017, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 43’ 30’’ N.; long. 143° 45’ E., 64 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, rocks, coral, bottom temperature 29.8°, 2 specimens; station 5020, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 45’ N.; long. 145° 7’ 30’ E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 30.9°, 3 specimens; station 5021, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 30/’ N.; long. 145° 8’ 45’’ E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 3 specimens; Captains Harbor, Unalaska, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 131 40 specimens; Unalaska, 4 specimens; Kyska, 9 to 12 fathoms, 62 specimens; Port Levasheff, Unalaska, 20 to 30 fathoms, 1 specimen; Port Etches, Alaska, 5 specimens; Constantine Harbor, 15 specimens; Unga, 3 specimens; Agattu, 46 specimens; Iliuliuk, 64 specimens; Port Althorp, Alaska, 1 specimen; Chineak Bay, Kadiak, 1 specimen; Medui Island, 2 specimens; Aleutian Islands, 2 specimens; Bering Island, 19 specimens; Shumagin Islands, 1 specimen; Dolgoi Sound, 30 fathoms, 1 specimen; Bay of Islands, 8 specimens; Avatscha Bay, Kamtchatka, 1 specimen; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 134 fathoms, sand, 21 specimens; between Iey Cape and Cape Lisburne, Alaska, 7 specimens; lat. 53° 11’ N.; long. 166° 51’ W. 84 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 40.6°, 8 speci- mens; Bering Straits, 2 specimens; Sitka, 1 specimen; Alaska, 134 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 1 specimen; Albatross Hydrographic station 1141, off Alaska, 84 fathoms, 8 specimens. Bathymetric range, 9 to 372 fathoms. ‘Temperature range, 51.4° to 29.8°. One thousand six hundred and forty-three specimens. These specimens vary greatly in the disk covering, ranging all the way from those with numerous disk plates sepa- rated by lines and bands of nearly spherical granules to those in which the disk is largely covered by coarse spines, and only one or two plates can be distinguished. Many of the speci- mens so grade into japonica that sep- aration from that variety is difficult and arbitrary. Asarule, the supple- — Fic. 48—Opmiopnonis acuteata. x3. mentary upper arm plates are much ae ae coarser and more angular than in japonica (compare fig. 48 with fig. 47b), and this peculiarity is very noticeable when these Alaskan speci- mens are compared with some from the coast of Maine. The majority of the Alaskan specimens have relatively few large supplementary plates, as in fig. 48, while the Maine specimens have numerous small ones; in the Alaskan specimens, too, the disk is commonly more or less spiny, while I have never seen spiny specimens from the Atlantic. The Albatross collections leave no doubt that in Ophiopholis aculeata, as in Ophiura sarsii and O. nodosa, we have a species of circumpolar distri- bution extending far to the south in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The specimens here recorded from off Washington, Oregon, and California are allsmall and obviously young. They would probably be more properly regarded as var. kennerlyi, but as they are too young to show definite characters, it has seemed best to record them simply as aculeata One of the specimens from Captains Harbor is remark- 132 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. able in that it has only four rays. The largest specimen is 18 mm. across the disk, a smaller maximum than that of either of the two varieties. OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA var. KENNERLYI. Ophiopholis kennerlyi Lyman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 200. Ophiopholis caryi Lyman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 261. Localities.—Albatross station 2849, off Alaska, lat. 55° 16’ N.; long. 160° 28’ W., 69 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 43°, 1 specimen; station 2850, off Alaska, lat. 54° 52’ N.; long. 159° 46’ W., 21 fathoms, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.2°, 62 specimens; station 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7’ N.; long. 151° 36’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature, 44°, 5 specimens; station 2862, off Washington, lat. 50° 49’ N.; long. 127° 36’ 30’’ W., 238 fathoms, gray sand and pebbles, bottom temperature 44.7°, 7 specimens; station 2865, off Washington, lat. 48° 12’ N.; long. 122° 49’ W., 40 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 51.7°, 6 specimens; station 2873, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 40 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 47.8°, 3 specimens; station 2875, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 40 fathoms, rocks, shells, bottom temperature 47.8°, 12 specimens; station 2877, off Washington, lat 48° 33’ N.; long. 124° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 3 specimens; station 2889, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ N.; long. 124° 56’ W., 46 fathoms, clay, shells, bot- tom temperature 47.7°, 1 specimen; station 3095, off Oregon, lat. 42° 44’ 45’’ N.; long. 124° 38’ 10’’ W., 42 fathoms, rocks, stones, broken shells, bottom temperature 47°, 3 specimens; station 3116, off California, lat. 37° 5’ 30’’ N.; long. 122° 19’ W., 16 fathoms, rocky, 6 specimens; station 3159, off California, lat. 37° 47’ 20” N.; long. 123° 10’ W., 27 fathoms, rocky, 4 specimens; station 3214, off Alaska, lat. 54° 13’ N.; long. 163° 6’ W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 2 specimens; station 3220, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 15’ N.; long. 165° 6’ W., 34 fathoms, gravel, broken shells, 2 specimens; station 3262, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49’ 30’” N.; long. 165° 2’ W., 43 fathoms, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 16 specimens; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 23’ 50’’ W., 35 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 2 specimens; station 3593, off Washington, lat. 48° 11’ 30’ N.; long. 122° 48’ W., 37 fathoms, . rocky, bottom temperature 46°, 3 specimens; station 4193, off Bowen Island, Gulf of Georgia, 18 to 23 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 50.3°, 1 specimen; Humboldt Bay, Alaska, 41 specimens; Kadiak, 16 specimens;+ Portage Bay, Alaska, 7 speci- mens; Bellkofski, 1 specimen; Unalaska, 6 specimens; Semidi Island, 8 fathoms, 5 specimens; Donnelly Point, Loring, Alaska, 16 specimens; Killisnoo, Alaska, 15 specimens; Mary Island, Alaska, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 133 1 specimen; Round Island, Unga, 2 specimens; Sitka, 1 specimen; Alaska, 9 specimens; Straits of Fuca, 2 specimens; Puget Sound, 1 specimen; Monterey, California, 4 speci- mens; west coast of America, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 8 to 238 fathoms. Temperature range, 51.7° to 40.7°. Two hundred and sixty-seven specimens. The Albatross collections leave no room for doubt that the intergradation between caryi, kennerlyi, and aculeata is complete, but it is convenient to retain the name kennerlyi for the ordinary American Pacific coast form which has only radial plates _ Sie ; Fig. 49.—OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA visible, or none at all, and nospimneson the yan. xennertyt. 2.66. FROM disk. The largest specimen in the collec- 48°V®- tion is from Kadiak and measures 22 mm. across the disk on which only three of the radii have bare plates. OPHIOCHITON FASTIGATUS. Ophiochiton fastigatus Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 132. Localities.— Albatross station 3695, off Tsuragi Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 110 to 259 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, 8 specimens; station 3697, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 120 to 265 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic sand, 2 specimens; station 3704, off Seno Umi, Honshu Island, Japan, 94 to 150 fathoms, fine volcanic sand, 4 speci- mens; station 4907, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 39’ 30’’ N.; long. 129° 24’ E., 406 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 42.6°, 1 specimen; station 5056 Suruga Gulf, Japan, lat. 34° 57’ 35’’ N.; long. 138° 43’ 35”’ E., 258 fathoms, green mud, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 46°, 1 specimen; station 5057, Suruga Gulf, Japan, lat. 34° 58’ 40’’ N.; long. 138° 34’ E., 270 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 1 specimen; station 5073, Suruga Gulf, Japan, lat. 34° 46’ N.; long. 138° 21’ 50’’ E., 148 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 54.6°, 3 specimens; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20’’ E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 2 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 1 speci- men; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 18” E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 3 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 20” E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom tem- perature 54.8, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 70 to 406 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.3° to 41.8°. Thirty specimens. 134 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. These specimens have been compared with a cotype of Lyman’s and there is no doubt of their identity. The disk diameter renges from 11 to 22 mm. There are usually three arm spines present, sometimes only two, but in the larger specimens there are often four. The greatest diversity is shown in the shape of the mouth shields, for while it is true that they are usually much wider than long, in some specimens they are nearly oval in outline and quite as long as broad. Intergradations between the two extremes are common. Specimens with long oral shields have the adoral plates very indistinct or almost wanting. The degree of carination on the under side of the base of the arm is also subject to considerable variation. OPHIACTIS PTEROPOMA, new species.a Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 to 25 mm. long. Disk coy- ered by rather coarse scales, 150 to 200 altogether, without any disk Fig. 50.—OPHIACTIS PTEROPOMA. X10. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. spines. Radial shields long and narrow, separated by a linear series of three scales, or in contact at outer end. Arms six, broad at base, but becoming attenuate at tip. Upper arm plates broadly triangular, with rounded angles, much wider than long, not actually in contact even at base of arm, though side arm plates do not meet between them there. Interbrachial spaces below closely covered with scales. Oral shields variable, broad, triangular, or top-shaped, with lateral angles rounded. Adoral plates long and narrow, wider without than a [Itepdéyv, signifying wing, and za@ya, signifying lid, in reference to the wing-shaped oral papille. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 135 within. Oral papille single, at outer corner of mouth angle, very large, flat, and wing-shaped. Teeth minutely notched. Genital slits narrow. First under arm plate very small, tetragonal, about as wide as long; second, much larger, somewhat pentagonal; succeeding plates tetragonal, becoming wider than long; first and second in con- tact, but succeeding plates hardly touch each other, though they separate the side arm plates widely. Latter rather large, not meeting either above or below at base of arm, but soon touching and meeting broadly at tip; each plate carries three arm spines, of which the upper- most is about twice as long as lowest, which is equal to an arm joint. Tentacle scales single, very large, oval. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, pale gray; upper side of arms, pink; arm spines and lower surface, whitish. Localities — Albatross station 4810, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 17’ 207’ N.; long. 140°7’ E., 195 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 44.7°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’50’’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 6 specimens; station 4967, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 10”’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 20” E., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.9°, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 191 to 253 fathoms. Temperature range 49.4° to 44.7°. Eight specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25640, U.S.N.M., from station 4965. Although there are several indications besides the size and the presence of six arms that the specimens from station 4965 are young, the individual from 4967 measures 6 mm. across the disk, and is quite probably mature, yet it does not differ in any important particular from the others, except that the upper arm spine is not equal to two joints and the color is uniformly whitish. In any case, the very large oral papille, the six arms, the long arm spines and the peculiar upper arm plates combine to give a very characteristic appearance, and I know of no species to which the specimens could be referred. The one from station 4810 is, however, so small (disk diameter less than 3 mm.) that its identity is bound to be somewhat uncertain. OPHIACTIS BRACHYGENYS, new species. @ Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms about 25 mm. long. Disk covered with about two hundred scales of diverse sizes and indefinite arrange- ment. Radial shields long and narrow, separated except at their distal ends. Arms five, broad at base, but slender at tip. Upper arm plates transverse, elliptical, or low triangular, with rounded an- gles, scarcely in contact even at base of arm. Interbrachial spaces below completely covered with fine scales. Oral shields low, trian- a Boazdbc, signifying short, and yévuc, signifying jaw, in reference to the small mouth angles. 136 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. gular, with rounded angles, wider than long, somewhat variable. Side mouth shields large, nearly horizontal, much wider without than within. Oral papille single in outer corner of mouth angle, large, flat, and wing-shaped. Teeth notched so that some of the lower ones seem to have three points. Genital slits broad and conspicuous. First under arm plate small, triangular, with a distal angle or tetragonal with distal margin narrow; succeeding plates more or less hexagonal (or tetragonal) with rounded angles, wider than long, scarcely or not at all in contact, though the side arm plates do not meet between them at base of arm. Side arm plates large, meeting below and above on distal part of arm; each plate carries three mod- erately stout spines, uppermost longest and longer than an arm joint. Tentacle scales single, large, oval. Color (dried from alco- hol), very light yellow- ish, grayish, or nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 3697, off Mana- zuru Zaki, Honshu Is- land, Japan, 120 to 265 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic sand, 1 speci- men; station 4956, CIS southeastern Japan, ENS lat:22° 327 N.;) lone: cs i 132°25’ E.,720fathoms green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminif- ——* 7A 7 MC The d ‘ Fig. 51.—OPHIACTIS BRACHYGENYS. X10. @,FROM ABOVE; 6,FROM ay a, bottom tempera- BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. ~ ture 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 4957, southeastern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ E., 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range 120 to 720 fathoms. Temperature range 39.8° to 37.5°. Four specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25602, U.S.N.M., from station 4957. The specimen from station 3697 measures 9 mm. across the disk. It differs from the type in having the radial shields separated even at the tip, the upper arm plates are lower and wider, and both the upper and under arm plates seem to be nearer together. There are a very few short spines at margin of disk and below, and in several of the mouth angles a small second oral papilla is distal to the large one. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 137 The adoral plates are broadly in contact both radially and interradi- ally and so make a continuous circumoral ring, as in Hemipholis. The principal difference between this species and the preceding is in the number of arms, but this striking difference is associated with several minor ones, such as the form of the oral shields and adoral plates, the length of the arm spines, and the color. OPHIACTIS DYSCRITA, new species. a Disk 2.5 mm. in diameter; arms about 10 mm. long. Disk cov- ered with about one hundred and fifty coarse scales. Radial shields long and narrow, separated, except at distal ends, by a single wedge- shaped scale. Arms siz, not very attenuate. Upper arm plates somewhat pentagonal (or hexagonal) much wider than long, with lateral angles rounded, more or less in contact with each other, on Fig. 52.—OPpuHIACTIS DYSCRITA. 20. a, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. basal half of arm. Interbrachial spaces below closely scaled. Geni- tal slits rather conspicuous. Oral shields oval or ovoidal, about as long as wide or a little shorter. Adoral plates large, not meeting within, enlarged at outer ends. Oral papille, single, on each side of mouth angle, small and flat. First under arm plate small, longer than wide, narrowed distally; succeeding plates more or less pentag- onal, about as wide as long, more or less in contact on basal part of arm. Side arm plates moderate, meeting above and below on distal half of arm; each plate carries three spines, of which the middle one is longest or at least as long as the uppermost, and equals the joint. Tentacle scales single, moderately large, oval. Color (dried from alcohol), gray. @ Avoxoztoc, signifying hard to determine, in reference to the doubtful value of the specific characters. 138 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Locality.— Albatross station 4937, Kagoshima Gulf, lat. 31° 13’ N.; long. 130° 43’ 10’’ E., 58 fathoms, mud, lava, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 64.8, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25610, U.S.N.M., from station 4937. This specimen is so small and so obviously young, it is a great pity to have to give it a name, but it clearly does not belong with any of the other species of Ophiactis in the collection, for the oral shields, adoral plates, oral papillae, arm plates and spines are all more or less distinctive. I can not find any previously known species to which I can refer it and I have therefore decided to call it dyserita. OPHIACTIS BRACHYASPIS, new species.@ Disk 3 mm. in diameter; arms about 15 mm.long. Disk covered by about one hundred and seventy-five irregular scales, without spinelets. Radial shields short, though longer than wide, well separated within but touching distally. Arms six, not very attenuate. Upper arm Fig. 53.—OPHIACTIS BRACHYASPIS. 16. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. plates elliptical, much wider than long, broadly in contact far out on arm. Interbrachial spaces below covered with scales. Genital slits very inconspicuous. Oral shields rounded pentagonal, much wider than long. Adoral plates short and broad but meeting in midradial line. Oral papille single, one on each jaw margin, flat and wide. First under arm plate, apparently concealed by meeting of adoral plates; second plate (seemingly first) large, squarish or broadly hexagonal; succeeding plates somewhat longer than wide, almost if not quite, broadly in contact. Side arm plates moderate, not meet- ing above or below on basal half of arm, each with four short, thick arm spines, of which the middle pair are longest and about equal the @ Boayic, signifying short, and doxéc, signifying shield, in reference to the short radial shields. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 139 joint. Tentacle pores on first arm joint very large, protected by two scales; succeeding pores less conspicuous, protected by a single large, oval scale. Color (dried from alcohol), light brown. Locality Albatross station? ‘‘No label in jar, Nov. 1892.” Type.—Cat. No. 25638, U.S.N.M. This little specimen is doubtless still young, but the unusual com- bination of six arms, short radial shields, elliptical upper arm plates, long tetragonal under arm plates and four short arm spines distinguish it from any other known Ophiactis. It is a great pity that there is no clue to the locality of this interesting species. OPHIACTIS GYMNOCHORA, new species. @ Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk cov- ered by about two hundred small scales, which, along the margin, earry little spines. Radial shields long and narrow, separated within but in contact distally. Arms six, remarkably stout in proportion Fic. 54.—OPHIACTIS GYMNOCHORA. X10. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. to the size of disk. Upper arm plates broadly hexagonal or heptag- onal, much wider than long, in contact throughout; many are broken into two or more pieces. Interbrachial spaces below quite bare, save for scales alongside the genital slits, which are rather large. Oral shields rounded without and pointed within, about as wide as long. Adoral shields narrow within and much broader at outer end, not meeting either radially or interradially. Oral papille two or three on a side, large, flat, rounded at tip. First under arm plate small, triangular; succeeding plates much larger, more or less octag- onal, nearly or quite as long as wide, broadly in contact throughout. Side arm plates rather small, not meeting either above or below; a I'yvéc, signifying naked, and ywpa, signifying space, in reference to the bare interbrachial spaces. 140 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. each one carries five or six short, thick arm spines, of which the upper- most is longest and equals the jomt. First tentacle pore with two scales; succeeding pores with single, large, oval scales. Color (dried from alcohol), brown, the terminal portions of the arms faintly banded or variegated with a lighter shade. | Locality —Tanegasima, Japan (North Pacific Exploring Expedi- tion), three specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 3324, U.S.N.M. The smallest specimen has the disk less than 3 mm. across. It has only four arm spines, a single oral papilla on each side, and short radial shields, so that it resembles the type of brachyaspis quite strongly, but the shape of the arm plates and particularly the form and arrangement of the oral shields and adoral plates make it im- possible for me to regard the two as identical. The six stout arms, small disk, naked interbrachial spaces, characteristic arm plates and oral shields, two or three oral papille, and six arm spines will serve to distinguish gymnochora from other species of Ophiactis without. difficulty. AMPHIURA BELLIS. Amphiura bellis Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 6, 1879, p. 19. Localities.— Albatross station 3697, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 120 to 265 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic sand, 2 speci- mens; station 3707, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, volcanic sand, ashes, gravel, 1 specimen; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 speci- men; station 5083, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30’’ E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom tempera- ture 38.1°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 63 to 649 fathoms. Five specimens. These specimens agree admirably in all particulars with Lyman’s description and figures. The largest specimen is 11 mm. across the disk, but one of the others, which now has a pentagonal disk, with deeply concave sides, 7 mm. across, was formerly nearly 13 mm. across the disk, as shown by the condition of the base of the arms. It is an unusually interesting example of disk-shedding followed by regeneration. AMPHIURA DIOMEDE#. Amphiura diomedex LUTKEN and MortENSEN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 23, 1899, p. 151. Localities.— Albatross station 3696, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 501 to 749 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 9 specimens; station 3697, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 120 to 265 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic sand, 1 specimen; station NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 14] 3699, off Port Arari, Honshu Island, Japan, 400 to 726 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic particles, 24 specimens; station 4833, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 13’ 40”’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30” E., 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, rocks, bottom temperature 53.2°, 1 specimen; station 4937, Kago- shima Gulf, lat. 31° 13’ N.; long. 130° 43’ 10”” E., 58 fathoms, mud, lava, pebbles, bottom temperature 64.8°, 1 specimen; station 4946, off eastern Japan, lat. 31° 29’ 10’’ N.; long. 130° 34’ 30’ Ei, 39 fathoms, brown sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 68.7°, 1 specimen; station 5053, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 49’ 20’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ 15”’ E., 503 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 34 specimens; station 5054, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 52’ 45’’ N.; long. 138° 42’ 20’’ E., 282 fathoms, green mud, broken shells, fora- minifera, bottom temperature 45.3°, 2 specimens; station 5056, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 57’ 35’’ N.; long. 138° 43’ 35’’ E., 258 fathoms, green mud, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 46°, 1 speci- men; station 5057, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 58’ 40’’ N.; long. 138° 34’ E., 270 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 5 specimens; sta- tion 5061, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 138° 38’ E., 250 to 332 fathoms, brown mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 43.7°, 2 specimens; station 5073, Suruga Gulf, lat. 36° 46’ N.; long. 138° 21’ 50’’ E., 148 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 54.6°, 4 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 1 specimen; station 5082, off Omai Saki, lat. 34° 5’ N.; long. 137° 59’ E., 662 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 37.7° 1 specimen; station 5085, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 6’ 45’’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 45’ E., 622 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom tempera- ture 37.8°, 1 specimen; station 5087, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 9’ 40’’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 5” E., 614 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.5°, 3 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 39 to 749 fathoms. Tem- perature range, 68.7° to 34.9°. Ninety-one specimens. These specimens range in size from those 3 mm. across the disk to those 11 mm. They agree well with the descriptions and figures of Liitken and Mortensen, and comparison with some of their Panamiec ‘specimens confirms the identification. It is noteworthy indeed to find this species on the Japanese coast. AMPHIURA SUNDEVALLI. Ophiolepis sundevalli MULLER and TROSCHEL, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 93. Amphiura sundevalli LauNGMaAN, Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 320. Localities.—Alaska, Corwin coll., 1 specimen; Bering Strait, 12 fathoms, gravel, 2 specimens. The specimens measure about 10 mm. across the disk and are well preserved. There seems to be no room for doubt as to their identity with European and Greenland specimens, so that we have here still another apparently circumpolar species of ophiuran, 142 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. AMPHIURA CARCHARA, new species.a Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous (250 to 300) scales. Radial shields long and narrow, separated throughout or in contact distally. Upper arm plates more or less pentagonal or hexagonal, decidedly rounded distally, in contact at least to some extent on basal half of arm. Interbrachial spaces below naked, save near margin, where the scaling ends abruptly. Oral shields, rounded pentagonal, rather wider than long. Adoral plates narrow within but broader at outer end, not in contact with each other at either end. Oral papille two on aside, one rounded knob-like, at apex of jaw, and one, which is long and spiniform, in outer corner of mouth angle. Genital slits large. First under arm plate very small, pentagonal; succeeding plates squarish or pentagonal, slightly in contact with each other basally. Side arm plates large, meeting FIG. 55.—AMPHIURA CARCHARA. 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. above and below except on basal part of arm, where they are slightly separated; each plate carries three subequal arm spines about equal toa joint. Tentacle scale single and small. Color (dried from alco- hol), pale gray or nearly white, except interbrachial spaces below which are brownish-yellow. Localities.— Albatross station 2854, off Alaska, lat. 56° 55’ N.; long. 153° 4’ W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 4 specimens; station 3069, off Washington, lat. 47° 25’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 42’ W., 760 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 1 specimen; station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40° W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 6 speci- mens; station 3340, off Alaska, lat. 55° 26’ N.; long. 155° 26’ W., 695 @ Kapyapoc, signifying sharp-pointed, in reference to the peculiar oral papill, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 143 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 113 specimens; station 4761, off Alaska, lat. 53° 57’ 30’’ N.; long. 159° 31’ W., 1,973 fathoms, blue clay, bottom temperature 35°, 3 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 38’ N.; long. 174° 49’ W., 1,766 fathoms, bottom tem- perature ? (about 35°), 13 specimens; station 5087, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 9’ 40’’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 5’’ E., 614 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; locality ?, 21 specimens. Bathymet- rical range, 60 to 1,973 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.8° to 35°. One hundred and sixty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25594, U.S.N.M., from station 2859. This species will be easily recognized by the combination of naked interbrachial spaces, long radial shields, one tentacle scale, three arm Fic. 56.— AMPHIURA LEPTODOMA. X15. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. spines, and spine-like outer, oral papille. The specimens range in size from less than 3 mm. disk diameter to a full 8 mm. No differ- ences were detected between the specimens from 60 fathoms and those from 1,973. It is interesting to note that in spite of this great bathy- metrical range, the temperature range is less than 8° and the bottom at all the stations was soft, without rocks or shells. AMPHIURA LEPTODOMA, new species. Disk a little more than 3 mm. in diameter; arms about 25 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous (300 to 400) small scales. Radial shields large, about twice as long as wide, separated, except at distal ends. First upper arm plate twice as wide as long, elliptical; suc- ceeding plates broadly oval, wider than long, scarcely in contact. @ Aextédouoc, signifying slightly built, in reference to the general appearance, 144 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Interbrachial spaces below naked. Genital slits rather large. Oral shields nearly elliptical, much wider than long. Adoral plates roughly triangular, with the side next the oral shield deeply concave, not meeting either radially or interradially. Oral papille two on a side, one large and conspicuous at apex of jaw, one minute and scale- like at outer corner of mouth angle; first oral tentacle scale conspicu- ous and giving the impression of being a third oral papilla. First under arm plate small, tetragonal or pentagonal; succeeding plates much larger, somewhat pentagonal, with a proximal angle, rather longer than wide, scarcely in contact. Side arm plates rather small, barely meeting, above and below, on basal part of arm; each plate carries three subequal spines, about as long as the arm joint. Ten- tacle pores yery large, but tentacle scales single and small. Color (dried from alcohol), grayish. Locality — Albatross station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’ N.; Fig. 57.—AMPHIURA EUOPLA. a-c, X 5; d, YOUNG, X 10. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS FROM A YOUNG SPECIMEN. long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 38.6°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25627, U.S.N.M., from station 4781. This specimen does not seem to be referable to any known amphiu- roid and I have accordingly thought best to give it a name. The naked interbrachial spaces, the three arm spines, the peculiar oral papille, and the single tentacle scale combine with the characteristic oral shields, adoral plates, and upper arm plates to give the species a unique appearance. AMPHIURA EUOPLA, new species.a Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 80 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous (500 to 600) small scales, the largest of which are around the radial shields. Radial shields about twice as long as broad, more a Evordoc, signifying well-armed, in reference to the numerous, rather crowded arm spines, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 145 or less separated at least proximally. Upper arm plates tetragonal or somewhat pentagonal, wider than long, becoming transversely elliptical, more or less broadly in contact throughout. Interbrachial spaces below naked. Oral shields longer than wide, somewhat rounded diamond-shaped. Adoral plates large, roughly triangular in outline. Oral papille two on a side, one thick, rounded at apex of jaw, and one long, thick and spine-like at outer corner of mouth angle. Genital slits large. First under arm plate small, tetragonal, narrowest distally; succeeding plates squarish with rounded corners, about as wide as long, more or less completely in contact. Side arm plates high but short, not meeting below or above, each with six or seven flattened, blunt arm spines, of which the lowest is the longest (but little exceeds a joint), while the uppermost is sometimes thick- ened at tip. In a young specimen there are only four or five arm spines. Tentacle scales two on each pore, large and of nearly equal size. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, pale gray; interbrachial spaces below, brown; arms yellowish or whitish. Localities —Albatross station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3714, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 48 to 60 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 11 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25651, U.S.N.M., from station 3714. Although the specimen from station 3713 is less than 4 mm. across the disk and has only four or five arm spines, there is no doubt what- ever of its identity with the large ones. The naked interbrachial spaces, spine-like oral papille, long oral shields, large tentacle scales, and characteristic arm plates are unmistakable distinguishing marks. Combined with the numerous arm spines of the adult they make the species an easily recognized one. AMPHIURA ACRYSTATA, new species.a Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 130 to 150 mm. Disk usu- ally more or less naked at center and in the interradii, but around the radial shields there is a variable amount of close, fine scaling; in some specimens (fig. 58g) the entire disk is covered by minute scales. Radial shields long and narrow, in contact distally. Basal upper arm plates rather small, somewhat pentagonal, with a short proximal side ; succeeding plates more transverse, elliptical (though sometimes angu- lar), very much wider than long, in contact throughout. Inter- brachial spaces below naked, or more or less covered with minute scales. Oral shields nearly oval, almost as wide as long. Adoral pales large, narrow and meeting within (or nearly so), very broad at a iAupionnnse oe ee with nets, in reference to the appearance ot the radial shields. 34916°—Bull. 75—11 10 146 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. outer end. Oral papille two on a side, one thick and knob-like at apex of jaw, the other long, thick, and spine-like at outer corner of mouth angle; tentacle scale of first oral tentacle pore, long and Fig. 58.—AMPHIURA ACRYSTATA. a-f, X 5. g-i, X 4. a-C, TYPE. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, ANOTHER SPECIMEN, FRCM ABOVE; €, FROM BELOW; J, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; g, ANOTHER SPECIMEN, FROM ABOVE; h, FROM BELOW; i, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. spine-like, easily mistaken for an oral papilla. First under arm plate much wider within than distally; second plate pentagonal; succeeding NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 147 plates more tetragonal, rather wider than long in the type, but in some specimens (fig. 58¢) longer than wide, in contact throughout. Side arm plates high, but narrow, particularly near base of arm, where they are well separated by patches of naked skin; each plate carries six or seven (rarely only five) slender, more or less flattened, sharp spines, of which the lowest is the longest, a little exceeding the joint. Tentacle pores large, each with two rather small tentacle scales. Color (dried from alcohol), bare skin, deep brown; scales, grayish; arms, yellowish. Localities.— Albatross station 3132, off California, lat. 36° 44’ N.; long. 121° 51’ W., 33 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 52.1°, 26 specimens; station 3695, off Tsuragi Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 110 to 259 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, 4 specimens; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50’’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 2 specimens; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 2 speci- mens; station 5036, south of the Hokkaido, lat. 41° 58’ N.; long. 142° 30’ 30’’ E., 464 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 5039, south of the Hokkaido, lat. 42° 11’ N.; long. 141° 57’ E., 269 to 326 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 37.9°, 8 specimens; station 5043, south of the Hokkaido, lat. 42°10’ 20’’N.; long. 142° 15’ 20’’ E., 309 to 330 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, coral, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 9 specimens; Monterey Harbor, Cal., 8 to 12 fathoms, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 33 to 464 fathoms. Temperature range, 52.1° to 37.9°. Fifty- four specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25623, U.S.N.M., from station 3132. These specimens vary in disk diameter from 5 to 16 mm. In the smallest, the disk is covered with minute scales except close to the interradial margins, while in the largest there is no scaling on the disk except very close to the radial shields. In specimens of all sizes (except one large one), there are six or seven arm spines. The diversity in the amount of scaling on the disk and interbrachial spaces below is most remarkable, affording an unusually interesting case of resorption of calcareous matter. Scales seem to be present in young specimens and in regenerating disks, but their presence is not wholly a matter of youthfulness, for there is some individual variation in the matter. The condition of the disk in the type-specimen re- minds one strongly of Ophionephthys, but the oral papille are quite different from those of that genus. In all particulars, except the naked disk of many large specimens, acrystata is so evidently an Amphiura, it has not seemed to me either practicable or desirable to remove it from that genus. There seem to be no characters by which the specimens from station 3132 can be distinguished from the 148 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. others; one can hardly avoid the suspicion that “‘3132” should’ read ‘©3732,”’ which is a station in Japanese waters. The specimen from Monterey Harbor is very possibly not this species, but it seems to be- long here rather than with any known Californian species. AMPHIURA ECNOMIOTATA, new species.a Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms probably about 85 mm. long. Disk naked, except close to radial shields, which are unusually long and narrow, and, though very close together, are in contact only near outer ends. Upper arm plates extraordinarily narrow, somewhat elongated oval, nearly concealed by the apparent meeting of the rows of arm spines on upper side of arm; upper arm plates in contact with each other, at least at base of arm. Interbrachial spaces below, naked. Oral shields, long pentagonal, rounded and narrow distally, longer than wide. Adoral plates nearly horizontal, wider without than within. Oral papille two on a side, one at apex of jaw, short and thick, one near tip of adoral plate, long and spine-like; tentacle Fig. 59.—AMPHIURA ECNOMIOTATA. X 8. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. scale of first oral pore, sharp and spine-like, easily mistakable for an oral papilla. Genital slits, short but wide. First under arm plate very small, nearly triangular, with the base proximal; succeeding plates at first oval and much longer than wide, but gradually becom- ing squarish, about as wide as long, with rounded angles, and a notch in the distal margin; more or less in contact with each other through- out. Side arm plates very large, though apparently not in contact with each other either above or below, at least on basal part of arm; each plate carries ten delicate though rather thick arm spines, the lowest the longest, a little exceeding a joint; at the tip these spines are very rough with minute hooklets and spinelets; the arm spines are so numerous, crowded, long, and rough that the arm fairly bristles with them. Tentacle pores large, but tentacle scales none. Color (dried from alcohol), dull yellowish-white. @’Exvoyedtata, signifying most unusual, in reference to the combination of several unusual characters. ‘ NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 149 Locality.— Albatross station 3702, off Seno Umi, Honshu Island, Japan, 31 to 41 fathoms, volcanic mud, sand, rocks, 1 specimen. | Type—Cat. No. 25628, U.S.N.M., from station 3702. It is to be regretted that only a single, badly broken specimen rep- resents this remarkable species in the collection. It combines such an unusually large number of arm spines with such peculiar upper arm plates and unusually naked disk that it is really quite unique. AMPHIURA TRACHYDISCA, new species. @ Disk 13 mm. in diameter; arms probably from 125 to 150 mm. in length. Disk covered with very numerous scales, the larger of which bear hemispherical or more elevated swellings, which on the inter- radial margins become somewhat cylindrical, and may be nearly half a millimeter long. Radial shields about twice as long as wide, sepa- rated or just in contact distally. Upper arm plates about twice as VS) lJ yA > wy eZ we (iS OBZ PY) Gt} Ty iy DH eS Fig. 60.—AMPHIURA TRACHYDISCA. X 4. da, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM : JOINTS NEAR DISK. wide as long, rather broadly in contact; the shape may be considered either a more or less angular transverse oval, or a very wide, short hexagon with rounded angles; the first two or three are smaller than those which follow. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a very close coat of small and minute scales, only the larger, marginal ones bearing the characteristic swellings. Oral shields broadly oval, about as wide as long, somewhat abruptly narrowed distally. Adoral plates roughly triangular, with the longest side adjoiming the oral shield and deeply concave. Oral papilla, two on a side, one round and thick at apex of jaw, and one stout, acute and spine-like at outer corner of mouth angle; tentacle scale of first oral pore also large and spine-like. Genital slits short and inconspicuous. First under arm @ Toaybc, signifying rough, and déoxoc, signifying disk, in reference to the remark- ably rough disk. 150 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. plate tetragonal, wider within than distally; succeeding plates more or less hexagonal, pentagonal, or tetragonal, with rounded corners, more or less broadly in contact throughout. Side arm plates rather small, those at base of arm separated from each other by areas of naked skin; each plate carries four arm spines, of which the highest and lowest are somewhat the longest and rather exceed the joint. Tentacle pores large, protected by two rather large scales. Color (dried from alcohol), pale gray, pale yellow, or nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 3737, off Port Heda, Honshu Island, Japan, 161 to 167 fathoms, green mud, volcanic sand, 18 specimens; station 3738, off Port Heda, Honshu Island, Japan, 167 fathoms, stiff blue mud, 24 specimens; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 55.8°, 3 specimens; station 5073, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 46’ N.; long. 138° 21’ 50’’ E., 148 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 54.6°, 9 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’’ E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, 2specimens. Bathymetrical range 88 to 167 fathoms. Temperature range 55.8° to 54.6°. Fifty-six specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25632, U.S.N.M., from station 5094. This is a very good series of specimens, ranging in disk diameter from 4 to 14 mm. The smallest specimens do not have the lumps on the disk scales, though the scales near the margin and in the inter- brachial spaces below are somewhat rough; in a specimen 8 mm. across the disk, the lumps are very well developed. These lumps are a very characteristic species mark, and when taken in connection with the oral papille and arm plates and spines, they make it difficult to confuse this species with any other. AMPHIURA MICRASPIS, new species.@ Disk 4 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long probably. Disk covered by numerous small scales, of which the largest are near center. Radial shields very small, well separated, two or three times as long as broad. Upper arm plates somewhat hexagonal or fan-shaped, about as wide as long, narrow proximally, in contact with each other, at least on base of arm. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a close coat of fine scales. Oral shields large, broadly oval, about as wide as long. Adoral plates triangular, lying at sides of oral shields. Oral papille, two on a side, one thick and rounded at apex of jaw, and one broad, flat, and fan-shaped, on adoral plate. Genital slits short and wide. First under arm plate broadly tetragonal, but very small; succeeding plates tetragonal, with a@ Mcexpéc, signifying small, and doxéc, signifying shield, in reference to the small radial shields. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 15] rounded corners, longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates moderate, not meeting above or below, at least on base of arm; each plate carries six or seven cylindrical, blunt arm spines, of which all but the lowest are subequal and about as long as the joint; the lowest is decidedly longer than the rest, and near the middle of the arm is fully twice as long as the others. Tentacle scale, single, elongated oval. Color (dried from alcohol), very light eray. Locality.— Albatross station 3735, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 36 fathoms, coarse gray volcanic sand, broken shells, 1 specimen. Type.—Accidentally destroyed immediately after the illustrations given herewith had been completed. It is, of course, a matter of great regret that the unique specimen here described should have met with such an untimely fate, but ee LATTA) Ra A Fic. 61.— AMPHIURA MICRASPIS. X12. a@,FROM ABOVE; b FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, SIDE VIEW OF AN ARM JOINT NEAR MIDDLE OF ARM. nevertheless it seems best to publish the description and _ figures since the small radial shields, peculiar oral papille, and the con- spicuous lowest arm spine combine to make the species one which will be very easily recognized. AMPHIURA PYCNOSTOMA, new species.@ Disk 4 mm. in diameter; arms 22 mm. long. Disk covered by about two hundred coarse scales, among which the six primary plates arerather prominent. Radial shields twice as long as wide, in contact distally, but well separated at inner ends. Upper arm plates some- what hexagonal, with outer corners much rounded, decidedly wider than long, broadiy in contact. Interbrachial spaces below, well @ JTuxvéc, signifying closed, and otépa, signifying mouth, in reference to the way in which the peculiar scales of the first pair of oral tentacle pores close the mouth. 152 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. covered with scales. Genital slits short. Oral shields very broadly oval, much wider than long. Adoral plates unusually large and conspicuous, meeting broadly within, about twice as.long as wide; oral plates, correspondingly large. Oral papille, two on a side, one small, thick, rounded, at apex of jaw, the other small, flat, some- what triangular, on adoral plate; scales of first oral tentacle pores very wide and flat, but low and truncate, meeting each other across the mouth slits so as to tightly close the mouth. First under arm plate elongated (so that mouth slits are short), much longer than wide, narrow at inner end, but rather abruptly widened near middle, and gradually narrowed a little at distal end; succeeding plates somewhat hexagonal or heptagonal, with rounded corners, and lateral sides concave, about as wide as long, rather broadly in con- tact. Side arm plates low and long, not meeting either below or above; each one carries three stout spines, thick at base but taper- Fic. 62—AMPHIURA PYCNOSTOMA. 12. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. ing rapidly to a sharp point; middle one longest and about as long as joint. Tentacle pores large, but the single tentacle scale is very small. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, very pale gray, arms whitish. Locality.— Albatross station 4972, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25/45” N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25641, U.S.N.M., from station 4972. Although this specimen is probably young and is unique in the collec- tion, it seems best to make it the type of a new species on account of the remarkable mouth parts, which are unlike those of any Amphiura I have ever seen. The peculiarly stout arm spines and large tentacle pores, each with a very small scale, are additional diagnostic char- acters. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 158 AMPHIURA PSILOPORA, new species.a Disk 4 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long. Disk covered by comparatively few (180 to 200) large scales. Radial shields short, rounded triangular, not twice as long as wide, widely separated prox- imally but touching distally. Upper arm plates broadly triangular, wider than long, scarcely in contact; distal margin very convex. —Interbrachial spaces below covered by about fifteen to twenty coarse scales. Oral shields rounded distally and with a rounded point proximally, somewhat longer than wide. Adoral plates very large, triangular with a truncate angle where they touch the second under arm plate, and a blunt angle where they touch each other, proximal to the oral shield; oral plates also very large. Oral papille, two on a side, one very large, thick, and rounded at apex of jaw, the other ~ Fic. 63.—AMPHIURA PSILOPORA. X12. a, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THRFE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. long, stout and spine-like at inner end of adoral plate; scale of first oral tentacle pore conspicuous, broad, and truncate. Genital slits small. First under arm plate tetragonal, wider within than distally; succeeding plates somewhat hexagonal, longer than wide, more or less broadly in contact. Side arm plates moderately large, not meeting either above or below, at least near base of arm; each plate carries four (or three on most joints) rather stout, terete spines, of which the lowest is scarcely longer than the others and about equals the joint. Tentacle pores large and wholly naked. Color (dried from alcohol), yellowish-white. aWejéc, signifying naked, and xépoc, signifying a way through, a pore, in reference to the absence of tentacle scales. 154 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Locality.—Plover Bay, East Siberia, 15 to 20 fathoms (William H. Dall). Type.—Cat. No. 16586, U.S.N.M. It is most unsatisfactory to establish new species upon single, young specimens, but it seems to me much better to name, figure, and describe them than to ignore them or to refer them to species to which they almost certainly do not belong. This unique specimen, which I have called psilopora, is like A. gymnopora Liitken and Mor- tensen in the absence of tentacle scales and the presence of three arm spines; but as there are four spines on some of the basal joints, and as the disk scales, radial shields, outer oral papillae, and upper and under arm plates are so different from the Panamic form, I am sure it does not belong to that species. AMPHIODIA URTICA. Amphiura urtica Lyman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 195. Amphiodia urtica Verrii, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. 10, 1899, p. 313. Localities.— Albatross station 3131, off California, lat. 36° 41’ 30’” N.; long. 121° 54’ 10’’ W., 48 fathoms, brown mud, rocks, bottom Fia. 64.—AMPHIODIA URTICA. X 6. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. temperature 50.8°, 91 specimens; station 3148, off California, lat. 37° 8’ N.; long. 122° 28’ 10’’ W., 47 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 51.3°, 1 specimen; station 3165, off California, lat. 37° 59’ 45’’ N.; long. 123° 8’ 35’’ W., 50fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 49°, 29 specimens; Sanborn Harbor, Alaska, 50 speci- mens; Sitka, 15 fathoms, mud, 3 specimens; Puget Sound, 3 speci- mens (Liyman’s originals); Loc.?,1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 15 to 50 fathoms. Temperature range 51.3° to 49°. One hundred and seventy-eight specimens. As this very interesting species has never been figured, it seems to be worth while to give some illustrations showing the essential char- acters. The specimens before me range in disk diameter from 2 to 9 mm., so that it is evident the species is of small size, though the arms are exceedingly long and slender. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 155 AMPHIODIA OCCIDENTALIS. Amphiura occidentalis Lyman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 194. Amphiodia occidentalis Verrii, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. 10, 1899, p. 313. Localities.—Monterey, California, 1 specimen (Lyman’s type); Puget Sound, 1 specimen; Kadiak, Alaska, 1 specimen. This species has been sufficiently figured by Lyman, so that no illus- trations need be given here. The arm spines are the most charac- teristic specific character. The range northward is greatly extended by the discovery of occidentalis at Kadiak. . AMPHIODIA CRATERODMETA, new species.@ Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 32 mm. long. Disk rather thick and stout, covered by numerous, coarse, distinct scales, among which the primary plates are not conspicuous. Radial shields about twice as long as wide, closely joined. Upper arm plates somewhat oS => Pe TAP Ap os rr 034 SS = < cota ROS SSS Fia. 65.—AMPHIODIA CRATERODMETA. 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. variable, broadly triangular, or diamond-shaped, with lateral angles truncate, or somewhat hexagonal, much wider than long, only narrowly in contact. Interbrachial spaces below well covered with numerous, distinct scales. Oral shields small, rather variable, but usually wider than long and pointed proximally. Adoral plates very large, variable in shape, somewhat triangular in the type, with inner sides concave, but usually they are tetragonal and meet broadly at their inner ends, which are nearly as wide as outer. Oral papille three on a side, subequal, thick and rounded, or the two inner ones may be somewhat pointed. Genital slits rather large. First under arm plate small, wider than long; succeeding plates variable, but generally more or less in contact, somewhat pentagonal and about as long as wide; in the type they are much wider than long. Side a Kpatepéc, signifying strong, and dén, signifying to build, in reference to the com- paratively stout structure. 156 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. arm plates moderate, hardly meeting above or below, at least at base of arm; each plate carries three, and at base of arm, four sharp, - rather slender spines, of which the uppermost may be a little the longest and somewhat exceed the joint. Tentacle scales, two, small. Color (dried from alcohol), gray-brown, brownish-yellow, pale gray or nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 2848, off Alaska, lat. 55° 10’ N.; long. 160° 18’ W., 110 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41°, 5 specimens; station 3255, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 33’ 30’” N.; long-164° 31’ 40’’ W., 43 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37°, 5 specimens; station 3529, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 36’ N.; long. 172° 24’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.1°, 1 specimen; station 3540, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 27’ N.; long. 166° 8’ W., 51 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 36°, 2 specimens; station 4794, Sea of Okhotsk, lat. 52° 47’ 20’’ N.; long. 158° 44’ 30” E., 58 to 69 fathoms, sand, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4844, off Korea, lat. 36° 34’ N.; long. 132° 50’ 20’’ E., 116 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30” E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom. temperature 32.8°, 2 specimens; station 5010, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 142° 43’ 30” E., 21 to 32 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature ?, 1 specimen; station 5033, Yezo Strait, lat. 44° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 145° 28’ E., 533 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 2 specimens; lat. 63° 37’ N.; long. 165° 19’ W., 2 specimens; Chiachi Islands, 20 fathoms, Dall collection, 1 specimen; Hiuliuk, Unalaska, 1 specimen; off Cape Sabine, Alaska, 4 specimens; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 134 fathoms, sand, 1 specimen; Bay of Islands, Adak, Dall collection, 1 specimen; Port Levashef, Alaska, 2 specimens; off Point Hope, Alaska, 25 fathoms, 1 specimen; Coal Harbor, Unga, 3 specimens; Captains Harbor, Alaska, 15 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 3 specimens; Alaska, 10 specimens; Alaska, Dall col- lection, 11 specimens; Port Clarence, Alaska, 12 fathoms, 5 specimens; Loc. %, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 12 to 533 fathoms. Temperature range, 41° to 32.8°. Eighty-four specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25613, U.S.N.M., from station 4997. These specimens range in disk diameter from 3 to 9 mm. Several, in which the disk is being regenerated, are remarkable for the small size and irregular form of the radial shields. Such specimens, if dark colored, have a striking superficial resemblance, dorsally, to Ophiura maculata, though the ventral view is, of course, quite different. Although this species is nearly related to urtica, it is so much more stoutly built and the disk scales are so much coarser that the two species are not likely to be confused. The adoral plates of craterodmeta and NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 157 the presence of four arm spines on the basal joints of the arm are excellent diagnostic characters. AMPHIODIA MACRASPIS, new species. Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 150 mm. long, probably. Disk rather soft, inclined to be swollen and more or less deeply notched in interradi, covered with very numerous scales, which are much larger around the radial shields than they are at center of disk and in the interradil. Radial shields long and curved, rather more than three times as long as wide, separated throughout or in contact distally. Upper arm plates more or less triangular, with truncated angles, in contact with each other, at least at base of arm, rather wider than long. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a close, fine sealing. Oral shields pentagonal or more hexagonal, with somewhat rounded angles, much wider than long. Adoral plates large, about twice as long as broad, nearly or quite meeting within. Oral papulle three on a side (in large specimens there is an additional small Fic. 66.—AMPHIODIA MACRASPIS. X 5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. papilla at the distal end of the mouth slit), subequal, though the one at apex of jaw is rather thicker than the others; between first and second, the tentacle scale of the first oral pore appears and might be mistaken for another papilla. Genital slits, large. First under arm plate very small, wider than. long; succeeding plates tetragonal, nearly square but sometimes longer than wide (as in type, fig. 66, d), and sometimes wider than long; broadly in contact throughout. Side arm plates small, not quite meeting above at base of arm, widely separated below; each plate carries five (at base of arm, sometimes, six) slender, sharp spines, of which the lowest is the longest, nearly equaling the joint, but the uppermost is not the shortest. Tentacle scale single, small; on some of the basal pores, a second scale is present. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, gray; arms, dirty whitish; in several specimens the radial shields, some of the larger disk scales, and the 4 Maxpéc, signifying long, and doxéc signifying shield, in reference to the long, narrow radial shields. Lys BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. arms, especially the side arm plates, have a decidedly reddish tint, the red being of a brownish-orange shade. Localities. Albatross station 3696, off Honshu Island, Japan, 501 to 749 fathoms, green mud, voleanic ashes, sand, 23 specimens; station 3708, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 60 to 70 fathoms, green mud, volcanic sand, ashes, 1 specimen; station 3709, off Shimidzu Harbor, Honshu Island, Japan,-173 to 260 fathoms, stiff blue volcanic mud, rocks, 10 specimens; station 3789, off Washington, lat. 48° 21’ 45’’ N.; long. 124° 52’ 30’’ W., 115 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, 1 specimen; station 4862, off Korea, lat. 36° 20’ N.; long. 129° 50’ E., 184 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.9°, 3 specimens; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30’’ E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 11 specimens; station 5056, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 57’ 35’’ N.; long. 138° 43’ 35’’ E., 258 fathoms, green mud, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 46°, 1 specimen; station 5057, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 58’ 40’ N.; long. 138° 34’ E., 270 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 6 specimens; station 5085, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 6’ 45’’ N.;. long. 139° 19’ 45” E., 622 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 58 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 60 to 749 fathoms. Temperature range, 46° to 32.8°. One hundred and fourteen specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25584, U.S.N.M., from station 5057. This species is not likely to be confused with any other member of the genus save the following, the arrangement of the disk scales and mouth parts, the form of the radial and oral shields, and the number of arm spines and tentacle scales being very distinctive. The occurrence in large specimens of an extra oral papilla distally may naturally raise the question as to whether the species belongs in Amphiodia or Amphioplus. In view of all the characters, however, I do not think there can be any serious doubt that its relationships are actually with Amphiodia. The specimen from station 3789 is not peculiar, but the occurrence of this species at that point certainly calls for some comment. AMPHIODIA EURYASPIS, new species. @ Disk 13 mm. in diameter; arms about 150 mm. long. Disk more or less decagonal, with each side of the decagon convex; the radial indentations of disk more marked than the interradial; disk covered with numerous irregular scales, of approximately equal size. Radial shields small, short, seldom twice as long as wide, in contact distally. Arm plates, interbrachial spaces below, oral shields, adoral plates, oral papille, tentacle scales and army spines somewhat variable and a Edobc, signifying broad, and dozéc, signifying shield, in reference to the short, wide radial shields. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 159 not distinguishable by any constant characters from the same parts in the preceding species (macraspis). The distal oral papille are often distinctly pointed, the oral shields are sometimes as long as wide, and the number of arm spines is commonly four, though always five at base of arm, but never six, so far as I can see even in the largest specimen. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, gray or brownish; arms, very pale brownish, or yellowish or nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 3227, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36’ 30’’ N.; long. 166° 54’ W., 225 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38.6°, 72 specimens; station 3478, off California, lat. 36° 44’ 45’’ N.; long. 120° 57’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, mud, 3 specimens and a mass of arms; station 4862, off Korea, lat. 36° 20’ N.; long. 129° 50’ E., 184 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.9°, 1 specimen; station 4863, off Korea, lat. 36° 21’ N.; long. 129° 53’ E., 250 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 1 specimen; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40’’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30” E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 2 specimens; station 5066, Suruga Fic. 67—AMPHIODIA EURYASPIS. X 4. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Gulf, lat. 35° 6’ 5’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ 20’’ E., 211 to 293 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 50.8°, 1 specimen; Iliuliuk, Unalaska, 1 specimen; Bering Sea, 5 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 68 to 318 fathoms. Temperature range, 58° to 32.7°. Eighty-six speci- mens. Type.—Cat. No. 25652, U.S.N.M., from station 3478. It is only after great hesitation that I have determined to keep this species separate from the preceding. The differences in the scaling of the disk and in the form of the radial shields are obvious and seem to be remarkably constant, so that there is no difficulty in deciding to which species a given specimen belongs. Yet it is difficult to find any other character, which is at all reliable, by which the two forms can be distinguished. As they were seldom both taken at the same sta- tion, thus indicating preference for somewhat different habitats, my impression of their distinctness is confirmed. The largest specimen of ewryaspis measures 16 mm. across the disk. One of the specimens from 3227 has six arms. 160 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. AMPHIODIA PERIERCTA, new species.a Disk 14 mm. in diameter; arms about 150 mm. long or more, probably. Disk distinctly pentagonal, with nearly straight sides, the margin formed by a row of quite distinct scales, which may stand more or less erect and be bluntly pointed. In the type, the interbrachial spaces are so swollen, presumably with the reproductive cells, that they project out far beyond this margin (see fig. 68a), while in a smaller specimen (fig. 68d) drying has caused enough shrinkage so that the disk margin is a little concave and the marginal scales are just below the edge, beyond which they project in quite a conspicuous manner. Disk covered by numerous irregular scales, the largest of which are near the radial shields. Radial shields small, closely joined, at least Y WY may) CESS EP NEES OSNG Os Fic. 68.—AMPHIODIA PERIERCTA. > 3.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, A MUCH YOUNGER SPECIMEN, FROM ABOVE, X 9. distally; they are broadly oval in the young specimen, but are twice as long as wide in the type. Upper arm plates very wide, somewhat tetragonal with more or less rounded ends, two or three times as wide as long, broadly in contact throughout. Interbrachial spaces below, very closely covered with fine scales, in marked contrast to the disk. Oral shields small, somewhat pentagonal or triangular, with an inner angle, and outer side curved, wider than long. Adoral plates not conspicuous, wider without than within. Oral papillae three on a side, thick, rounded and subequal. Genital slits large. First under arm plate, small, much wider than long; succeeding plates squarish, a [Teoéeoxtoc, signifying fenced round, in reference to the distinctly bounded disk, 0 p o> ” e b) NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 161 broadly in contact, with distal margin somewhat concave. Side arm plates small, not meeting either above or below; each plate carries three terete, sharp arm spines, of which the middle one is a trifle the longest and may exceed the joint. Tentacle scales two, rather large. Color (dried from alcohol), pale fawn-color, or yellowish-brown. Localities. —Albatross station 2885, off Oregon, lat. 45° 56’ N.; long. 124° 2’ W., 30 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 49°, 1 specimen; Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 9 to 15 fathoms, stones and mud, Dall collection, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 16391, U.S.N.M., from Captains Harbor, Un- alaska. The type-specimen is labeled ‘‘ Amphiura occidentalis,” and there is no doubt that periercta is closely related to that species. But a glance at the arm spines is sufficient to distinguish the two, for in occidentalis they are thick, flattened, and remarkably blunt, while in periercta they are terete and sharp. Fig. 69.—AMPHIODIA ANCISTROTA. 5. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, NEXT TO THE LOWEST ARM SPINE, X 10. AMPHIODIA ANCISTROTA, new species. Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous small scales, which are somewhat smaller at the inter- radial margins than elsewhere; disk tends to be pentagonal with sides indented. Radial shields small, divergent, touching distally. Upper ends of genital scales, usually visible, just distal to radial shields, each often with a small, projecting spinelet. Upper arm plates, somewhat tetragonal, twice as wide as long, narrower prox- imally than distally, broadly in contact; lateral and proximal margins tend to merge into a continuous curve. Interbrachial spaces below covered with a coat of very fine scales. Oral shields, broadly oval, wider than long. Adoral plates nearly horizontal, very narrow at inner end, so broad at outer end that they look almost triangular. Oral papilla, three on each side, subequal, rounded, and a fourth smaller at outer corner of mouth angle; the one at apex of jaw is the a Arkeatpwroc, signifying hooked, in reference to the hooked arm spine. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——11 162 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. thickest of all. First under arm plate minute, but very distinct, longer than wide; succeeding plates squarish and broadly in contact, soon becoming pentagonal and narrowly in contact. Side arm plates small, not meeting above or below, at least at base of arm; each plate carries four, or rarely five, slender, very acute spines, of which the third or fourth is distinctly hooked at tip and microscop- ically serrate, and the fourth or fifth (lowest) is the longest, slightly exceeding the joint. Tentacle scales two, distinct if not large. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, grayish; arms, pale brownish or nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 3698, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 16 specimens; station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 2 specimens; station 3739, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 55 to 65 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 21 specimens; station 4817, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 12’ N.; long. 138° 52’ E., 61 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temper- ature 51.9°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 20’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50”’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 3 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 spec- imens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 18’’ E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 5 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 45 to 197 fathoms. Temper- ature range, 56.3° to 47.6°. Fifty specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25601, U.S.N.M., from station 3698. This is one of those perplexing species which link Amphiodia and Amphioplus so closely that the latter will have to be redefined if not abandoned. In the present species there are certainly four oral papille on a side, but the fourth (outermost) is so much smaller than the others that, in view of its other characters, I prefer to keep ancistrota in Amphiodia for the’ present. There may be more than one of the arm spines in each group hooked at the end, but as a rule there is only a single one and that only on the basal part of the arm. The upper arm plates and the tentacle scales taken in connection with the arm spines will serve to distinguish this species. AMPHIODIA DIGITULA, new species.a Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long, probably. Disk covered by a close coat of numerous scales, of which those at the center are the largest and those at the interradial margins are very minute; the primary plates are scarcely distinguishable. Radial a Digitulus (dim. of digitus), signifying a little finger, in reference to the finger-like processes on the spines borne by the genital scales. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 163 shields long and narrow, separated throughout or barely touching distally. Upper arm plates, broadly elliptical, though somewhat pointed laterally, twice as wide as long (or nearly so), nearly or quite in contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a very fine scaling, markedly in contrast to that of the disk. Oral shield ovoid, rather longer than wide, abruptly narrowed distally. Adoral plates long, narrow within, where they meet, but very broad at outer end. Oral papille three on a side, the one at apex of jaw thick and rounded, the second longer and pointed, the third smaller and rounded; be- tween first and second, the scale of first oral tentacle pore may appear like another papilla. Genital slits large, each bounded by a long genital scale, the thickened outer end of which is vis- ible from above, just distal toaradial shield; this thick- ened end carries a peculiar, slightly curved spine-like outgrowth, which is some- what flattened and bears four or five digit-like proc- esses at the tip (fig. 70, d). First under arm plate very small, squarish; succeeding plates rounded pentagonal, longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates, rathersmall, scarcely meeting above, and not at all below; each plate carries four slender, acute spines, subequal (or the uppermost Fic. 70.—AMPHIODIA DIGITULA. XX 8. @, FROM ABOVE; J, and lowest, longest), about FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR equal to the joint. Ten- DISK; d, OUTGROWTHS ON UPPER END OF GENITAL SCALES, GREATLY ENLARGED. tacle pores large, each with two good-sized scales. Color (dried from alcohol), very light grayish. Localities.—Albatross station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 1 specimen; station 4815, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 16’ N.; long. 138° 52’ E., 70 fath- oms, dark green sand, bottom temperature 51°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25530, U.S.N.M., from station 4815. It is hard to determine how much weight may be properly placed on the peculiar digitate processes on the ends of the genital scales, as a specific character. They are remarkably well developed in the type but in the specimen from station 3713 they are much less 164 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. noticeable. Moreover they are so fragile they might easily be broken off by rough handling, so that their absence would not prove that a given specimen did not belong to this species. The interbrachial scaling, arm plates and spines, oral shields and adoral plates are, however, reliable specific characters. AMPHIODIA STRONGYLOPLAX, new species.a Disk 55 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk deeply notched in interradii, covered by a coat of numerous irregular plates, without definite arrangement. Radial shields somewhat curved, long and narrow, rather broadly in contact distally, but well separated within. Upper arm plates more or less rounded, little wider than long, scarcely in contact even at base of arm, though the side arm plates hardly meet between them. Interbrachial spaces below, practically naked, though there are numerous white granules of lime scattered about on the surface. Genital slits very large. Oral shields large, pointed within, rounded laterally, truncate dis- (Sy ( vy ve LCS Fic. 71.—AMPHIODIA STRONGYLOPLAX. X 9. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE JOINTS NEAR DISK. tally, about as long as wide. Adoral plates large, scarcely meeting within, much wider at their outer ends. Oral papille three, some- times four, on a side. One at apex of jaw is thick and rounded; the second is small and pointed; the third is large and bluntly pointed; the fourth, if present, is very small. The scale of first oral tentacle pore is visible between the first and second papille. First under arm plate very small, narrower distally than within; succeeding plates tetragonal, with rounded corners, longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates moderate, each with five arm spines, of which the lowest is the longest and exceeds the joint. Tentacle pores large, each with a single, minute scale. Color (dried from alcohol), disk grayish, arms very light brownish; radial shields and arm plates with an orange-brown tint. « X tpoyybdoc, signifying round, and zAéé, signifying plate, in reference to the rounded upper arm plates, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 165 Locality.— Albatross station 2866, off Washington, lat. 48° 97 N.; long. 125° 3’ W., 171 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 43.2°, 8 specimens. Type. Cat. No. 25615, U.S.N.M., from station 2866. This species bears a curious superficial resemblance to A. macras- pis, but the bare interbrachial spaces, the upper arm plates, and the oral shields are quite unlike those of that species. As only one of the eight specimens possesses a disk, it is impossible to estimate the value of the bare interbrachial spaces; they may prove to be very variable. AMPHIODIA PSILOCHORA, new species.a Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long. Disk more or less deeply indented in interbrachial areas, covered by a close coat of scales, the largest of which are near the center of disk and close to the radial shields, while the smallest are at the interradial mar- : Cc Fig. 72—AMPHIODIA PSILOCHORA. X 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. gins. Radial shields long and curved, separate or barely touching distally. Upper arm plates at first somewhat hexagonal, with the proximal side shortest, but soon the angles are rounded off and they become biconvex, much wider than long and scarcely or not at all in contact. Interbrachial spaces below bare. Oral shields some- what variable, wider than long, with a broad proximal angle and a rounded (or sometimes truncate) outer margin. Adoral plates vari- able, nearly triangular, sometimes meeting within, but often well separated. Oral papille three on a side, the first one (at apex of jaw) thick and rounded; the second small, flat, and pointed; the third larger, often longer, and sometimes attenuate pointed. The tentacle scale of first oral pore is often visible between the first and a¥eibc, signifying bare, and yapoc, signifying a space, in reference to the naked interbrachial spaces. 166 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. second papille. Genital slits moderate. First under arm plate, - minute; succeeding plates tetragonal, with rounded angles, longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates fairly large, barely meeting above, but scarcely below. Each plate carries five slender, sharp spines, of which the lowest is a little the longest and slightly exceeds the joint. Tentacle pores large, each with a single, small tentacle scale. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, gray; interbrachial spaces below light brown to nearly black; arms dull grayish to nearly white; radial shields sometimes (in large specimens) with a reddish tinge. Localities.— Albatross station 3739, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 55 to 65 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 4 specimens; station 4972, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 5085, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 6’ 45’” N.; long. 139° 19’ 45’’ E., 622 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 4 specimens; station 5086, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 8’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 20’ E., 292 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.7°, 1 specimen; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20’’ E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 55 to 622 fathoms. Temperature range, 43.7° to 37.8°.. Eleven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25544, U.S.N.M., from station 5085. This species is not likely to be mistaken for any other species of Amphiodia, and the mouth parts alone will distinguish it from any Amphiura having the interbrachial spaces below naked. The speci- mens before me range in disk diameter from 4 to 10 mm. and show comparatively little diversity. AMPHIPHOLIS PUGETANA. Amphiura pugetana Lyman, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1868, p. 193. Amphipholis pugetana VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. 10, 1899, p. 312. Localities —Albatross station 2850, off Alaska, lat. 54° 52’ N.; long. 159° 46’ W., 21 fathoms, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.2°, 5 specimens; station 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7’ N.; long. 151° 36’ W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom tempera- ture 44°, 1 specimen; station 2876, off Washington, lat. 48° 33’ N.; long. 124° 53’ W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom tempera- ture 45.5°, 3 specimens; station 3052, off Oregon, lat. 44° N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 48 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom tem- perature 49°, 1 specimen; station 3466, off Washington, lat. 48° 18’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 22’ W., 56 fathoms, gray sand, shells, rocky, bottom temperature 48.5°, 1 specimen; station 4230, off Indian Point, Alaska, 108 to 240 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 42.4°, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL. MUSEUM—CLARK. 167 2 specimens; Puget Sound, 1 specimen; Monterey, California, 8 to 12 fathoms, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 8 to 240 fathoms. Temperature range, 49° to 44°. Eighteen specimens. As no figures of this species have been published, it has been thought desirable to give the accompanying illustrations. The char- acteristic mouth parts easily distinguish this species from any of the others taken by the Fisheries steamer Albatross. In fact, it is the only representative of its genus in the collection. AMPHIOPLUS RHADINOBRACHIUS, new species. Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 100 mm. long. Disk covered by a coat of several hundred scales, of nearly uniform size. Radial shields long and very slender, in contact distally but separated within. Upper arm plates much wider than long, strongly convex distally; at base of arm angular proximally, and slightly in contact, but farther out broadly convex proximally, and separated from each other. Interbrachial spaces below covered with much smaller scales than Fic. 73.—AMPHIPHOLIS PUGETANA. X 12. a@,FROM ABOVE; 6b, FROM BELOW; ¢C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. those of the disk. Genital slits large. Oral shields oval, longer than broad. Adoral plates large, narrow within where they nearly or quite meet, very much broader at outer ends. Oral papille four on a side, one thick and rounded at apex of jaw, the second and third nearly as large, but flat and rounded or pointed at tip, the fourth somewhat smaller; the tentacle scale of the first oral pore shows between the first and second papille and may be mistaken for another papilla. First under arm plate minute, pentagonal, about as long as broad; succeeding plates pentagonal or hexagonal, broader than long, be- coming longer than broad, distinctly in contact, at least on base of arm. Side arm plates small, meeting above except at base of arm, not meeting below; each plate carries three sharp, slender spines, sub- equal, or the middle one longest. Tentacle scales, two. Color (dried from alcohol), light gray or whitish. a‘ Padedéc, signifying slender, and Boaztwy, signifying arm, in reference to the very slender arms. 168 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Localities —Albatross station 5053, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 49’ 207” N.; long. 138° 40’ 15’’ E., 503 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 5054, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 52’ 45’ N.; long. 138° 42’ 20’’ E., 282 fathoms, green mud, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.3°, 2 specimens, without disks; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11’ 25’’ N.; long. 139° 28’ 20’’ E.., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 speci- men. Bathymetrical range, 282 to 503 fathoms. ‘Temperature range, 45.3° to 34.9°. Four specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25587, U.S.N.M., from station 5053. The extremely slender arms and the characteristic mouth parts, taken in connection with the radial shields, three arm spines and two tentacle scales, make this an easy species to recognize. As the disks are wanting in the specimens from station 5054, it 1s, of course, possi- ble that their identification as rhadinobrachius is incorrect. Fic. 74.—AMPHIOPLUS RHADINOBRACHIUS. XX 8. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. AMPHIOPLUS ACANTHINUS, new species.« Disk 14 mm. in diameter; arms about 140 mm. long. Disk some- what decagonal (the decagon with somewhat convex sides), lightly notched radially, and deeply so interradially; covered with a close coat of very numerous scales, some of which bear slender acute spines one-half millimeter long; these spines are set into little pits, so that when they are rubbed off their former position is clearly indicated. Radial shields small, divergent, but in contact distally. Upper arm plates tetragonal or pentagonal with more or less rounded corners, twice as wide as long or more, broadly in contact basally but barely touching on terminal part of arm. Interbrachial spaces below covered by much finer scales than the disk, and without spines. Oral shields, oval or elliptical, much longer than wide. Adoral plates large and triangular, hardly meeting within. Oral papillee four or five on a side, the one near apex of jaw largest. Genital slits very large; genital scales inconspicuous orally, but often noticeable from above just distal to the radial shields, and frequently bearing there a little outgrowth simi- @ AxavOevoc, signifying thorny, in reference to the numerous disk spines. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 169 lar to that so characteristic of Amphiodia digitula. First under arm plate minute, squarish; succeeding plates somewhat hexagonal or pentagonal, about as wide as long, more or less in contact on basal part of arm; on many of them there is a minute tooth or sharp pro- jection at the center of the distal margin. Side arm plates small, each with only three sharp, subequal spines, about as long as the joint or a little longer. Tentacle scales, two. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white, or light grayish-brown; upper and under arm plates some- times rather heavily shaded with dull brownish-red. Localities.—Albatross station 3695, off Tsuragi Saki Light, Honshu Island, Japan, 110 to 259 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, 30 speci- Ses aS NERS SE Fic. 75.—AMPHIOPLUS ACANTHINUS. X 4. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, REGENERATED DISK AND THREE REGENERATED ARMS. mens; station 5073, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 46’ N.; long. 138° 21’ 50” E., 148 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 54.6°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25595, U.S.N.M., from station 3695. This is an unusually well-characterized species and yet its generic position is somewhat in doubt. As an Amphioplus it ought not to have spines on the disk, while, on the other hand, it will not go into Verrill’s genus Amphilimna, where spiny-disked species of Amphio- plus ought to go, for it does not have ‘‘six to ten”’ arm spines, nor are the tentacle scales ‘‘spiniform,”’ nor are the radial shields ‘parallel, 170 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. largely in contact.” One of the specimens from station 3695 affords such a remarkably fine illustration of arm and disk regeneration after breaking and shedding, that it has seemed wise to show it (fig. 75d). The limits of the original disk are plainly shown on the bases of the four large arms, while the fifth arm is regenerating from a single basal jomt The disk scales are surprisingly small, and the radial shields are very inconspicuous. The disk spines are represented by minute knobs. Two of the four large arms are regenerating from basal stumps. AMPHIOPLUS HEXACANTHUS, new species.” Disk lacking. Upper arm plates broadly hexagonal, with rounded corners, twice as wide as long. Arm spines six, about equal to joint; middle ones shortest and one or more terminated by a minute, glassy crossbar. Oral shields oval, longer than wide. Adoral plates large, meeting broadly within. Oral papille, four on a side, sub- equal or apical one largest. Under arm plates squarish or slightly pentagonal, rather wider than long. Tentacle scales, two. Localities.— Albatross station 3165, off California, lat. 37° 59’ 457’ N.; long. 123° 8’ 35’’ W., 50 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 49°, 6 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42”" N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’’ E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, several arms. Type.—Cat. No. 25583, U.S.N.M., from station 3165. The absence of any disks makes it impossible to describe this form with sufficient detail to be satisfactory, but at the same time, since I do not know of any species to which these mutilated individuals can be assigned, it is only fair that they should be named, and such distinctive features as they have, be described. It is possible that they belong in Amphilimna rather than in Amphioplus. AMPHIOPLUS MEGAPOMUS, new species.) Disk lacking. Upper arm plates tetragonal, two or three times as wide as long, with distal side much longer than proximal and lateral corners rounded, broadly in contact. Arm spines three, longer than joint, middle one longer and thicker at base than the others. Oral shields diamond-shaped, with rounded corners and somewhat con- cave sides, much longer than wide. Adoral plates moderate, almost triangular. Oral papille four on a side, the apical ones small and widely separated from each other, the other three large, and nearly closing the mouth slit. Under arm plates broadly pentagonal, much a” Ré, signifying sir, and dxavOa, signifying spine, in reference to the number of arm spines. b Méyac, signifying big, and zapa, signifying lid, in reference to the large lid-like tentacle scales. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 17] wider than long, barely in contact. Tentacle scales two, unusually large and flat, nearly closing the large pores. Locality.— Albatross station 4964, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 5’ 30’ N.; long. 134° 56’ 40’’ E., 37 fathoms, fine gray sand, mud, bottom temperature 66.6°, 2 individuals without disks. Type.—Cat. No. 25633, U.S.N.M., from station 4964. It is too bad that this very well marked species should be repre- sented in the collection only by two diskless specimens, for I know of no other species in which typical -Amphioplus mouth parts are com- bined with such remarkable tentacle scales and arm plates. It would be most interesting to know the disk structure. AMPHILEPIS PLATYTATA, new species. Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 32 mm. in length. Disk excessively flat, covered with a smooth coat of about two hundred Fic. 76.—AMPHILEPIS PLATYTATA. 6. @,FROM ABOVE; 0b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. large, thin, rounded scales. Radial shields, more than twice as long as broad, well separated within, but just barely in contact distally. Upper arm plates broadly pentagonal, with somewhat rounded angles and a convex distal margin, twice as wide as long, not in contact except at very base of arm. Interbrachial spaces below, quite naked except for a few marginal scales. Oral shields triangular, with slightly convex sides, a little wider than long. Adoral plates large, wider without than within. Oral plates large, each carrying two low, wide, truncate papille. Teeth nearly triangular. Genital slits very inconspicuous. First under arm plate large, somewhat pentag- onal, with inner lateral margins concave; succeeding plates also @ I,azécazoc, signifying flatiest, in reference to the exceedingly flat disk, lee BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. pentagonal, but larger, and distinctly broader than long; they are barely in contact at first (first and second quite separate) but farther out become separated. Side arm plates rather large, meeting more or less completely above and below, except at very base of arm; each plate carries three slender, acute, subequal spines, longer than a joint. Tentacle scales, none, though pores are rather large. Color (dried from alcohol), disk light gray, arms nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20’ N.; long. 136° 20’ W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 12 specimens; station 4761, south of Shumagin Islands, lat. 53° 57’ 30’ N.; long. 159° 31’ W., 1,973 fathoms, blue clay, bottom temperature 35°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25734, U.S.N.M., from station 2859. Although this species resembles A. papyracea Lyman quite closely in many particulars, the much coarser disk scales and the naked inter- brachial spaces serve to distinguish it easily. The specimens vary little in size or details of structure. EE Lis 2 way FIG. 77.—AMPHILIMNA PENTACANTHA. 5. @, FROM ABOVE; 0b, FROM BELOW; (C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. AMPHILIMNA PENTACANTHA, new species.a Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 70 mm. long. Disk more or less swollen, covered by a coat of hundreds of small scales, many of which carry minute sharp spines. Radial shields long, narrow, more or less joined, somewhat sunken. Upper arm plates at first somewhat tetragonal, with a long convex side distally, and angular proximally, soon becoming almost perfectly elliptical, much wider than long, and then gradually becoming proximally angular again; more or less lightly in contact, at least basally. Interbrachial spaces below some- what sparsely scaled, especially near oral shield, but with numerous spinelets. Oral shields nearly circular or else a little longer than broad. Adoral plates nearly horizontal and triangular, meeting broadly within. Oral papillz four on a side, the apical one thick and rounded, the next two elongate and pointed, the fourth very small @ [lévte, signifying five, and dara, signifying spine, in reference to the five arm spines. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 173 and rounded ; just back of the apical papilla is the small pointed scale of the first oral tentacle pore, which might very naturally be counted as a fifth oral papilla. Genital slits very large. First under arm plate very small, rounded; succeeding plates squarish or a little longer than wide, in contact at least on basal part of arm. Side arm plates moderate, meeting above and below very little or not at all; each one carries five slender, sharp spines, of which the lowest is longest and exceeds the joint. Tentacle scales two, not at all spiniform. Color (dried from alcohol), very light brownish, the disk more or less gray. Locality.— Albatross station 3131, off California, lat. 36° 41’ 30”! Nj long. 121° 54’ 10’’ W., 48 fathoms, brown mud, rocks, bottom tem- perature 50.8°, 40 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25614, U.S.N.M., from station 3131. _ This species appears, from its mouth parts, radial shields, and spiny disk to be entitled to a place in Amphilimna, but the small number of arm spines and the flat, rounded tentacle scales have made me hesitate to place it there. The specimens show little diversity in size or color. The characteristic disk covering of Ophiocnida com- bines with the five arm spines, the nearly circular oral shields, and the mouth parts of an Amphioplus to make this an easy species to recognize. OPHIONEREIS EURYBRACHIPLAX, new species.@ Disk 24 mm. in diameter; arms about 160 mm. long, probably. Disk covered with a firm coat of minute, overlapping scales, which are coarsest near the radial shields; there are about fifteen scales to the square millimeter at center of disk. Radial shields very small and widely separated, rather more than twice as long as wide. Upper arm plates hexagonal, very wide, twice as wide as long or more, broadly in contact ; supplementary piecessmall, longer than wide, either triangular with outer side very convex or tetragonal with outer distal corner obliterated. Interbrachial spaces below covered with a coat of very fine scales. Oral shield triangular, longer than broad (in the Japanese specimen, fig. 78), the breadth exceeds the length). Adoral plates small, at sides of oral shields, wide distally but pointed at inner end. Oral papille four or five on a side, truncate or blunt, the next to the outermost the widest. Genital slits small. First under arm plate squarish; succeeding plates tetragonal, with slightly curved sides and rounded angles, at first wider than long, but becoming sooner or later longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates small, not nearly meeting either above or below; each plate carries at first four, then three, stout blunt arm spines, rather exceeding the joint; basally the lowest is the longest but farther out the middle one a Edpbc, signifying wide, and Boayéwy, signifying arm, and zd4é, signifying plate, in reference to the characteristic upper arm piates. 174 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. , is longer and somewhat stouter than the others. Tentacle scale single, huge, circular or oval. Color (dried from alcohol), disk light brownish-gray, or dull purplish with a few small light spots; arms somewhat duller, irregularly and indistinctly banded with dull purple, especially on distal half; upper arm plates dull gray, often clouded with purplish, or else prettily mottled with dull purple and whitish; oral surface lighter. Localities.— Albatross station 3159, off California, lat. 37° 47’ 20’’ N.; long. 123° 10’ W., 27 fathoms, rocky, 1 specimen; station 3168, off California, lat. 38° 1’ 25’’ N.; long. 123° 26’ 55’’ W., 34 fathoms, FIG. 78.—OPHIONEREIS EURYBRACHIPLAX. d-C, FROM JAPAN, X 3. d-f,.FROM CALIFORNIA, X 2. @ AND d, FROM ABOVE; b AND ¢, FROM BELOW; c AND j, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. rocky, coral, 1 specimen; station 3702, off Honshu Island, Japan, 31 to 41 fathoms, volcanic mud, sand, rocks, 3 specimens; off California, station ?, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25589, U.S.N.M., from off California. This species may be distinguished at once from its Pacific relatives, annulata, porrecta, schayert, and nuda, by the very characteristic upper arm plates, which are quite unlike those of any of the four. It is a great pity that there should be any doubt about the locality of any of NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 175 the specimens, but I can not suppress the feeling that there is some mistake about the label ‘‘3702.”’ If that were read ‘'3102,” a station in 27 fathoms, off central California, the distribution of the species would be quite natural. In view of the absence of Ophionereis, a tropical and subtropical, littoral genus, north of California, it is hard for me to believe that a Californian species occurs in Japan. I shall therefore assume that 3702 is a mistake for 3102, at least until further specimens are taken in Japanese waters. OPHIOCRASIS, new genus.4 Similar to Ophionereis, but with one or more secondary supple- mental plates, just distal to the usual supplementary plates. Arms six in young, five in adults. Reproduction by fission apparently occurs. - Type-species—O phiocrasis dictydisca. The presence of secondary supplemental plates is somewhat exag- gerated in the drawings given herewith (figs. 79a, 79d. 799), for it is almost impossible to represent them accurately, they are so small and delicate. In Ophionereis the upper arm plates and their supple- mentary plates, even in young and small specimens, are thick and when dry are clear cut, with well-defined smooth margins. In Ophiocrasis, however, when the arm is dried, it is seen that the upper arm plates are thin, with a fairly well-defined distal margin; the sup- plementary plates have the margin very poorly defined and close to them distally some additional minute plates are to be seen; of these the one adjoining the upper arm plate is the most sharply defined; the others are usually very hard to distinguish, and may be absent; these secondary plates can only be seen when the arm is dry and are best shown near the base of the arm. I have found nothing like them in Ophionereis, though I have examined old and young speci- mens of four species with great care. There seems little room for doubt that reproduction takes place early in life by fission, as this is clearly indicated by one specimen (see fig. 79g). At the same time I am forced to the conclusion that the six-rayed condition is juvenile and that the adult has only five rays. But it must be confessed that a larger series of specimens is needed to determine these facts beyond question. OPHIOCRASIS DICTYDISCA, new species.! Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. -Disk covered by a delicate coat of very fine scales, coarser in the young and less em- bedded in the skin than in he adult. Radial shields small, elongate, @ bec, Rouneee snake and Koaacc, sana ing a ees in reference to the compounding of the supplementary arm plates, and to be symphonious with other ophiuran genera. b Aéxtvov, signifying net, and déoxoc, signifying disk, wn reference to the reticulated disk. 176 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Zi} ry) <4 2] SS CS Cy ~ 3 Sosiee Py AND ‘> CY MAYS (SSEZp Sig H\ 9 8 SY =~ Fig. 79.—OPHIOCRASIS DICTYDISCA. a-c, X 7; d-g, X ll. a, FROM ABOVE, b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; d, A YOUNGER SPECIMEN, FROM ABOVE; €, THE SAME, FROM BELOW, f, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; J, ANOTHER YOUNG SPECIMEN FROM ABOVE, SHOWING THE INEQUALITY OF THE TWO TRIOS OF ARMS. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 177 widely separated, nearly three times as long as wide. Upper arm plates as long as broad or nearly so, the distal margin very convex while the proximal half is three-sided with more or less, or almost completely, obliterated angles; supplementary plates rather large and, as described above, provided with minute secondary plates along their distal border. Interbrachial space below very closely covered with minute scales. Oral shields rounded triangular, or arrow-head shaped, somewhat longer than wide, particularly in the young (in fig. 79e the shield is too wide). Adoral plates, long tri- angular, hardly meeting within. Jaws short, with four to six oral papille which are rather long, flat and rounded in the young, but become thick and truncate in the adult. First under arm plate somewhat pentagonal, of moderate size; succeeding plates oblong or somewhat pentagonal, longer than wide, broadly in contact. Side arm plates small, each with three thick, blunt spines, of which either the middle or lowest is the longest, and about equals the joint. Tentacle scale single, very large, elliptical. Color (dried from aleo- hol), disk, yellowish with an irregular network of purplish-brown lines; arms grayish, banded with dull purple; the relative amount of yellow and purple on the disk is variable, as is also the number of bands on the arms and their distance from each other. Localities.—Albatross station 3758, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 52 to 73 fathoms, blue clay, rocks, 1 specimen; station 4875, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 19’ N.; long. 130° 9’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 1 specimen; station 4879, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 17’ N.; long. 130° 15’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 1 specimen; off Japan, station’, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25715, U.S.N.M., from off Japan. 2 The specimens with six arms range from 2.5 to 4.5 mm. in disk diameter. Specimens of Ophionereis porrecta of the same size have only five arms. It is of course possible that these six-armed speci- mens do not belong to the same species as the larger five-armed one which I have taken as the type of dictydisca, but their resemblances otherwise are so close I am satisfied of their identity. OPHIODORIS PERICALLES, new species. Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 110 mm. long. Disk coy- ered by a close smooth coat of fine scales, distinctly larger along mar- gin, in interbrachial areas. Radial shields small, widely separated, about twice as long as wide; distal to them, and extending down- ward on the genital scales, are a number of minute spinelets, the @ Tepexaddijc, signifying very pretty, in reference to the form and markings. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——12 178 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. presence of which is one of the characteristic features of the genus. Interbrachial spaces below covered with a coat of very fine scales, which are coarsest near the margin. Oral shield longer than wide, pointed within, and rounded distally. Adoral plates very small, lying at the sides of the oral shield. Oral papille, four or five on a side, thick, bluntly pointed, the next to the outermost largest. Geni- tal slits inconspicuous. First under arm plate rounded; succeeding ones squarish, wider distally than proximally, scarcely as long as wide, in contact more or less fully throughout. Side arm plates small, each with three subequal, rather slender spines, about as long as a joint. Tentacle scales two or three, one large oval one on side arm plate and one or two very small ones attached to under arm plate. Color (dried from alcohol), variegated greenish-gray and white; the markings of the disk are often very symmetrical, but may be quite irregular; the arms are more or less distinctly banded with a darker FIG. 80.—OPHIODORIS PERICALLES. ™ 4. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. shade of gray. As a rule the radial shields are white and from each one a curved line of white runs inward to the center of the disk. Localities —Albatross station 3740, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 65 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; sta- tion 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’ E., 95 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4895 Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’ N.; long. 128° 32’.10’’ E., 95 fathoms; gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 4 specimens; sta- tion 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30’’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 65 to 106 fathoms. Temperature range, 60.6° to 55.9°. Ten specimens. Ty pée.—Cat. No. 25591 U.S.N.M., from station 4894. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 179 This very handsome ophiuran seems to be quite distinct from any of the three species upon which Kehler based the genus, though it is obviously congeneric with them. Aside from its pretty coloration, it may be easily recognized by the very small adoral plates, the long, pointed oral shields, the wide upper arm plates and the small, widely separated radial shields. It seems to be nearest to O. malignus Keehler, but the differences in the shape of the disk, of the oral shields, of the radial shields, and of the upper arm plates are very marked. Family OPHIOHELID.¢ OPHIOMITRA CARDIOMORPHA, new species. » Disk 14 mm. in diameter; arms about 90 mm. long. Disk divided into five wedge-shaped divisions by deep interradial sulci; each divi- sion is covered by a pair of large, naked, radial shields and a number of irregular plates; of these plates those at center of disk are the smallest, but many of them carry spines 2 mm. or more in length, with rough tips; the marginal disk plates are entirely without spines but plates next to the radial shields often carry spines. Radial shields very large, roughly triangular, nearly twice as wide as long, separated for their entire length. Upper arm plates nearly twice as wide as long, the distal margin slightly convex or straight, the proximal strongly convex; basal ones slightly overlapping, though scarcely in contact, but on the greater part of the arm they are separated. Interbrachial areas below heart-shaped, covered with irregular smooth scales. Genital slits very conspicuous. Oral shield diamond-shaped, about as wide as long. Adoral plates large, wider without than within; oral plates small and indistinct. Oral papille five on a side, with an infradental one at apex of jaw; all but the last and penulti- mate, distinctly pointed. First under arm plate small, somewhat triangular; succeeding plates much wider than long, with the straight or angular distal margin longer than the proximal, and. lateral mar- gins more or less concave and diverging distally; except first and second, no two are in contact. Side arm plates large, meeting both above and below, though not broadly; each plate carries five long, slender arm spines, the uppermost longest (nearly equal to three joints), sharpest and smoothest; the lowest shortest, bluntest, and roughest. Tentacle scale single, large, thick, and sharp pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), very light gray, nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 4918, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 22’ N.; long. 129° 8’ 30” E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 specimen; station 4919, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 34’ N.; long. 129° 19’ 30’’ E., 440 fathoms, globigerina a For remarks on this family, see under Ophiacanthidee (p. 195). b Kapoéa, signifying heart, and poppy, signifying form, in reference to the heart- shaped interbrachial spaces, seen from below (see fig. 81). 180 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATJONAL MUSEUM. ooze, bottom temperature 41.8°, 4 specimens; station 4956, Bungo Channel, Japan, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 132° 25’ E., 720 fathoms, green- brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 4969, off Shino Misaki, Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 40”’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 587 fathoms, brown mud, sand, stones, bottom temperature 38.9°, 1 specimen; station 5083, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30”’ E.; 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical C iG. $1.— OPHIOMITRA CARDIOMORPHA. ™ 4. @,F ROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. range, 361 to720 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.7° to 37.5°. Eight specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25650, U.S.N.M., from station 4969. The smallest of these specimens is rather less than 4 mm. across the disk, but the specific characters are all well shown, except that the radial shields are distally in contact. There is no species of Ophiomitra now known with which this species is likely to be confused. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 18] OPHIOMITRA DISCYCLA, new species. « Disk 5.5 mm. in diameter; arms about 32 mm. long. Disk circular, covered by numerous (125 to 175) plates of irregular size, one on each interradial margin: being decidedly larger than the rest. Radial shields short and wide, closely joined except at their proximal end. Upper arm plates small, diamond-shaped or triangular with convex distal margin, about as wide as long, widely separated from each other. Interbrachial spaces below covered by very few, rather large plates. Genital slits short. Oral shields diamond-shaped, much Se. KD oH . <— Pip rio FIG. 82.—OPHIOMITRA DISCYCLA. 9. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. wider than long. Adoral plates very large, about as broad without as within where they meet; oral plates smull and indistinct. Oral papille three on a side and one at apex of jaw; outermost, broad, flat and truncate, apical one, broad but sharp, others, narrow and pointed. First under arm plate large, somewhat hexagonal, wider within than distally; succeeding plates very much wider than long, @ Jéc, signifying double, and xixdoc, signifying ring, in reference to the two nearly complete rings, formed by the arm spines of the two basal joints. 182 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. somewhat pentagonal, with a proximal angle and a straight distal margin. Side arm plates very large, meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries four slender, pointed spines, but on the first joint beyond the disk, each side arm plate carries eight and on the second joint seven such spines; these sixteen and fourteen spines, respectively, nearly encircle the arm, except on the lower side; the uppermost spine is the longest and smoothest and may equal two joints; the lowest is shortest and roughest and is only about half as long as a joint, except on the first two or three. Tentacle scale single, oval, rather small. Color (dried from alcohol), very light gray, nearly white. Localities. —Albatross station 4908, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 40’ N.; long. 129° 29’ 40’’ E., 434 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 42.9°, 1 specimen; station 4957, Bungo Channel, Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ E., 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature, 39.8°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25637, U.S.N.M., from station 4908. The short, closely joined radial shields, the small widely separated upper arm plates, the encircling rows of arm spines at base of arms and the huge adoral plates combine to give this species an unique appearance. It can hardly be confused with any other species, except possibly the following. OPHIOMITRA HABROTATA, new species. Disk 34 mm. in diameter; arms very slender, about 28 mm. long. Disk nearly circular, covered by about one hundred and fifty rather irregular, coarse scales, many of which bear each a single small, blunt spinelet, while a few at the center of the disk carry each a long, sharp spine. Radial shields very large, somewhat triangular, nearly twice as wide as long, in contact only at distal end, where one of the pair may carry a long, sharp spine. Upper arm plates somewhat trian- gular, wider than long, with a convex distal margin, smooth and shining, slightly swollen, and widely separated from each other. Be- tween the upper arm plates, the arms are much constricted, so that they have a beaded appearance. Interbrachial spaces below, wide, covered by numerous rather coarse scales. Genital slits very small and inconspicuous. Oral shield very small, somewhat triangular, longer than broad. Adoral plates relatively huge, much wider without than within, where they meet; oral plates very small. Oral papille three or four on a side and one at apex of jaw; outermost very wide with a straight margin, the others narrow and pointed. First under arm plate hexagonal, longer than wide; succeeding plates about as long as ye or (Ones pentagonal or aquarish, yee separated from each ‘ABodc, signifying delicate, dainty, in reference to its light and delicate eee NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 183 other. Side arm plates very large, meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries five straight, slender, sharp, smooth spines, the uppermost longest and considerably exceeding the joint; on the first two joints outside the disk there are eight or nine spines, which meet the corresponding series of the same joint on the upper side of the arm, and thus the arm is encircled at its base (as in discycla) by two nearly complete rings of eighteen and sixteen spines. Tentacle scale single, oval but acute. Color (dried from alcohol), disk very pale gray, arms very light yellowish. SN BR SOS c FIG. 83.—OPHIOMITRA HABROTATA. 15. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Localities.— Albatross station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 1 specimen; station 4900, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 28’ 50’’N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 4 specimens; station 4902, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25609, U.S.N.M., from station 4909. 184 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Although this species is like discycla in many. points, notably the arrangement of the arm spines, it is at once distinguished from that species by the spiny disk, separated radial shields, very small oral shields, and decidedly more “beaded” or ‘‘knotted” arms. The large spine at the distal end of the radial shields is a conspicuous fea- ture when fully developed, but it is frequently small and sometimes Cc FIG. 84.—OPHIOMITRA MICROPHYLAX. XX 6. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. appears to be wanting. The very broad, outermost mouth papilla reminds one immediately of the similar papilla in the genus Amphi- pholis. OPHIOMITRA MICROPHYLAX, new species. Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long. Disk with deep interradial notches, covered with numerous small scales, most of which bear minute thorny stumps; these are most numerous at the @Mexpéc, signifying little, and 508, signifying guard, in reference to the small size of the tentacle scales. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 185 center of the disk and fewest near the radial shields. Radial shields very small, widely separated, only the distal ends visible, and these are hardly distinguishable from the larger disk scales. Upper arm plates pentagonal or bell-shaped, wider than long, well separated from each other or the basal ones barely in contact. Interbrachial spaces below covered with small scales. Genital slits rather small. Oral shields wider than long, somewhat rhombic but with distal half larger than proximal. Adoral plates large, much wider without than within where they meet; oral plates small. Oral papillee six or seven on a side, subequal, pointed; an unpaired one somewhat larger at apex of jaw. First under arm plate small, squarish; succeeding plates two or three times as wide as long, convex distally and with more or less of a proximal angle, well separated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below; each one carries six slender, sharp arm spines, all more or less thorny, but the uppermost nearly smooth. Tentacle scales two on the first pore of the arm, sometimes on the second also, but single thereafter; at first rather large and oval, they quickly become small and pointed and often quite thorny near tip. Color (dried from alcohol), ight brown. Localities — Albatross station 4901, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 speci- men; station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50” E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 22 specimens; station 4934, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, 18 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25608, U.S.N.M., from station 4933. The appearance of the radial shields inclines one to put this species in Ophiacantha, but the general character of the arms and mouth parts has induced me to consider it more nearly related to Ophiomitra. The tentacle scales seem small compared with those of most species of Ophiomitra, and this character, combined with the small radial shields and characteristic disk spines, makes it easy to recognize the species, even in the face of some little individual diversity in these and other points. OPHIOMITRA BYTHIASPIS, new species.@ Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 to 70 mm. long, probably. Disk divided by deep interradial sulci into five wedge-shaped parts, each of which is subdivided by the narrow, deeply sunken radial shields into three nearly equal portions; disk covering consists of numerous irregular plates, smallest at center and largest near mar- gins; many of these plates carry each a low, smooth, blunt, cylindrical stump. Radial shields about four times as long as wide, slightly a Bobcoc, signifying sunken and dozxéc, signifying shield, in reference to the sunken radial shields. 186 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. curved, deeply sunken below the disk scales, widely separated throughout. Upper arm plates wider than long, with a convex or straight distal margin and a strongly convex, often angular, proximal margin; thus somewhat broadly pentagonal with only the two distal, lateral angles marked; they are much swollen and widely separated. Interbrachial spaces below rather broad, somewhat heart-shaped, cov- ered by irregular plates which are large at the margin but become very small near the oral shield. Genital slits short but rather con- spicuous. Oral shields rhombic or pentagonal, about as wide as long. Adoral plates long and narrow, about as wide without as within, where they meet; oral plates very small. Oral papille about five on a side and one at apex of jaw, the outer ones are truncate, but the inner are more or less sharply pointed; be- tween the penulti- mate and antepenulti- mate papille are sev- eral small granules, which apparently serve as tentacle scales to the oral tentacle pore. First under arm plate pentagonal, about as wide as long; second plate nearly C triangular, but trun- Fic. 85.—OPHIOMITRA BYTHIASPIS. X 5. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM cated at the angles, BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. wider than long; suc- ceeding plates nearly tetragonal, much wider than long, widely sep- arated from each other. Side arm plates very large, meeting both above and below; each plate carries, on rather a conspicuous vertical ridge, six or five long slender arm spines, of which the uppermost, which may equal two joints, is the longest (sometimes the second is the longest), smoothest, and sharpest, while some of the lower, shorter spines are quite rough near the tip. Tentacle scale single; those on the basal pores are very large and broadly oval and are often accompanied by a second, smaller scale; beyond the third pair of pores the scales are narrower and are pointed. Coior (dried from alcohol), very light gray. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 187 Locality — Albatross station 4979, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25636, U.S.N.M., from station 4979. The groups of granular papille near the distal end of the mouth slits are very peculiar, giving a characteristic appearance to the oral region, and indicate a possible relationship to Ophiocamaz lithosora. Whether the sunken appearance of the ra- dial shields and the correspondingly re- markable division of the disk into fifteen wedge-shaped parts is characteristic of _ the species or only an accentuated individ- ual peculiarity can not, of course, be de- termined without more material. But it is hard to doubt that the main fea- tures of the peculiar disk will be found to be characteristic of the species. OPHIOMITRA POLYA= CANTHA, new species.@ Disk 6 mm. in di- ameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk circular, covered with numerous small, rather regular FIG. 86.—OPHIOMITRA EGEY ACANTHA. anes G.7eo™ ABOVE; 5, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. C scales,many of which bear each a low, thorny stump. Radial shields small, triangular or squarish, about as wide as long, distinctly separated. Upper arm plates small, rhombic or triangular, with convex distal margin, widely separated from each other; between the upper arm plates the arm is somewhat constricted. Interbrachial spaces below, covered with a [olbc, signifying many and dxav0a, signifying spine, in reference to the large number of arm spines. 188 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. scales like those of the disk. Genital slits long. Oral shields rhombic, about as long as wide. Adoral plates very large, tetragonal, meeting broadly within; oral plates moderate. Oral papille about six on a side and one at apex of jaw; they are long, flat, and somewhat spatu- late, the outer ones the widest. First under arm plate, tetragonal, wider than long; succeeding plates somewhat hexagonal, about as long as wide; basal ones in contact or at least overlapping. Side arm plates rather large, meeting broadly above, but only narrowly below, or not at all near base of arm; each plate carries nine or ten long, slender sharp arm spines, of which the highest (first) and lowest are shortest and the second or third the longest; the lowest and the upper two or three are smooth, the others more or less prickly; the longest spines are equal to three or more joints. Tentacle scale single, oval but pointed, relatively huge, especially at base of arm. Color (dried from alcohol), very pale yellowish-brown. Locality.— Albatross station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’ N.; Jong. 130° 37’ 30’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 3 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25631, U.S.N.M., from station 4936. This is a remarkably well-characterized species, the numerous long arm spines, the huge tentacle scales, the numerous oral papille, the small radial shields and upper arm plates, and the very large adoral plates giving it an unique appearance. The thorny stumps on the disk are curiously expanded at the tip, unlike those of any Ophiomitra with which I am acquainted. OPHIOMITRA CODONOMORPHA, new species. Disk 13 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long, probably. Disk with very slight interradial grooves, covered with scales, the largest of which are between the radial shields (radially) and the smallest are along the interradial grooves; a few of the scales near center of disk carry each a minute, low, rough projection. Radial shields large, oval, longer than wide, so far separated that the inter- radial distance between two scarcely exceeds the radial. First upper arm plate elliptical, much wider than long; succeeding plates dis- tinctly bell-shaped, about as wide as long, scarcely in contact; more or less noncalcified skin is visible among the basal plates of the arm. Interbrachial spaces below covered by rather numerous scales. Geni- tal slits short and wide. Oral shields much wider than long, some- what triangular, with a wide distal and two lateral angles, but the proximal base also tends to form a wide angle between the two adoral plates, which are nearly horizontal, and are a little narrower without than within where they meet; oral plates moderate. Oral papille a K@dwy, signifying bell, and poedy signifying shape, in reference to the peculiar upper arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 189 large, about three on a side and one at apex of jaw; long, flat, and more or less pointed; outermost somewhat the largest. First under arm plate hexagonal, much wider than long; second plate some- what triangular, barely in contact with the first, wider than long; succeeding plates separated, much wider than long, nearly tetragonal, but the sides are not straight; proximal margin with a slight median point and distal, with a shallow median notch. Side arm plates large, meeting below but hardly above on basal part of arm; each plate carries eight sharp, slender spines, of which the upper ones are smooth, Cc Fig. 87.—OPHIOMITRA CODONOMORPHA. xX 4. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. the others (except the lowest) being rough or thorny; the next to the uppermost is longest, considerably exceeding the joint. Tentacle scale single; on first arm pore the scale is rounded oval and relatively enormous, but the succeeding scales are much smaller and are soon narrow and pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), light gray. Locality.— Albatross station 4979, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25608, U.S.N.M., from station 4979. 190 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. This is still another well-characterized and easily recognized species, of which the collection contains but a single specimen. The position of the radial shields, the shape of the upper arm plates, and the large size of the first tentacle scales are noticeable features. OPITIIOMITRA ACONTOPHORA, new species.a Disk 3 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous small scales, which are more or less concealed by the many long, slender spear-like spines which they carry; these spies are sharp pointed and have a few teeth near the tip. Radial shields very long and narrow, closely joined for nearly or quite their entire length. Upper arm plates small, triangular, with sides a little curved, widely separated from each other. Interbrachial spaces below coy- FIG. 88.—OPHIOMITRA ACONTOPHORA. X 16. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. ered, like the disk, by numerous scales, and, except near the oral shield, these carry the characteristic spines. Oral shields rounded triangular, about as long as wide. Adoral plates large, wider without than within where they meet. Oral papille two or three on a side, and one at apex of jaw, long, flat, and pointed. Genital slits rather large. First under arm plate pentagonal, about as wide as long; succeeding plates rather wider than long, pentagonal, with lateral margins concave, separated from each other, except the first two or three. Side arm plates large, meeting both above and below; each plate carries four sharp, straight spines, of which the lowest is a little the longest and slightly exceeds the joint. Tentacle scale single, of moderate size. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. a Axwy, signifying a javelin, and dood, signifying carrying, in reference to the numerous javelin-like spines borne on the disk. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 191] Localities. — Albatross station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 13 specimens; station 4765, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 53° 12’ N.; long. 171° 37’ W., 1,217 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temper- ature 35.2°, 32 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 4803, off Kurile Islands, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 45’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 37°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 229 to 1,217 fathoms. Temperature range, 38.6° to 35.2°. Type.—Cat. No. 25648, U.S.N.M., from station 4781. This pretty little ophiuran differs so much from the other species of Ophiomitra in the shape of the radial shields and the spines of the disk that it may perhaps more properly be placed in a separate genus, But in the present state of our knowledge of the Ophiohelide and Ophiacanthide, I do not think it desirable to make new genera, if it can be avoided. OPHIOCAMAX LITHOSORA, new species. Disk 17 mm. in diameter; arms about 125 mm. long. Disk rather high, with a vertical diameter of about 6 mm., divided into five wedge- shaped areas by deep interradial sulci, covered by a coat of numerous, small, irregular scales, the largest of which are on the interradial sides of the distal ends of the radial shields; many disk scales carry each a low cylindrical stump with two to six minute teeth near the apex. Radial shields long, narrow, separated, more or less sunken among the disk scales. Upper arm plates pentagonal, much wider than long, with a proximal angle and a nearly straight distal margin; only two or three at base of arm in contact. Interbrachial spaces below somewhat heart-shaped; covered with small scales. Genital slits conspicuous. Oral shields very much wider than long, with a proximal angle, but broadly convex or nearly straight distally. Adoral plates large, about as wide at outer end as at inner, where they meet; oral plates indistinct. Oral papillae numerous and irregular, ten or fifteen on a side; those near apex of jaw are longer and more pointed than the distal ones, which are rounded and crowded together, and look somewhat like little heaps of pebbles. First under arm plate squarish; succeeding plates tetragonal, very much wider than long; second plate has proximal margin much shorter than distal and is in contact with first; remaining plates, widely separated. Side arm plates rather large, meeting below and above; each plate carries six or seven long, slender spines, the upper ones smooth, the lower, more or less thorny; uppermost spine, or next one, longest, 4 AtOoc, signifying stone, and swpdc, signifying heap, in reference to the appear- ance of the distal clusters of oral papille. 192 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. about equal to three joints. Tentacle scales, three at first arm pore, two at second and one thereafter; long, rounded at tip or pointed, very conspicuous. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. Localities.—Albatross station 4918, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 22’ N.; long. 129° 8’ 30’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 specimen; station 4967, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 10’’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 20” E., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.9°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25622, U.S.N.M., from station 4918. c Fig. 89.—OPHIOCAMAX LITHOSORA. XX 3. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. These specimens remind one at once of Ophiomitra bythiaspis, and I can not avoid the feeling that more abundant material will show that the two species are congeneric, if not identical. The differences in the radial shields, disk scales, disk spines, and oral shields are marked, as well as those in the oral papilla, but in each of these points the three specimens vary among themselves, and the specimen of lithosora NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 193 from station 4967, is orally very much like bythiaspis, though on the upper side it is totally unlike that species. Indeed, I am not sure that this specimen from 4967 is really conspecific with the one from 4918, but it seems best to so regard it for the present. OPHIOCAMAX POLYPLOCA, new species. Disk 17 mm. in diameter; arms about 125 mm. long. Disk rather decagonal, with very slight interradial notches, covered largely by Cc Fig. 90.—OPHIOCAMAX POLYPLOCA. X 3. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. the radial shields except at center and on narrow interradial areas, where there are numerous overlapping scales; these scales bear @ TTodtzdoxoc, signifying much tangled, in reference to the long, unusually spiny arms. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——13 194 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. more or less numerous, minute, thorny stumps. (In specimens smaller than the type, in addition to the thorny stumps, the scales at the center of the disk carry long, sharp, thorny spines; a specimen 8 mm. across the disk has a cluster of fourteen such spines, 1.5 to 2 mm. long.) Radial shields very large, twice as long as wide, smooth and bare, closely jomed; in small specimens they are not so closely ap- pressed, and there may even be several little stumps between them. Basal upper arm plates tetragonal and in contact, about twice as wide as long, with smooth distal margins; they rapidly become broader and shorter, widely separated, and somewhat pentagonal with proxi- mal-lateral angles rounded, with distal margin minutely thorny, Interbrachial spaces below covered with scales, most of which carry the minute thorny stumps. Oral shields small, somewhat rhombic, but with angles a little rounded, the distal one curiously drawn out into a sort of stem, connecting sb the interbrachial space. Genital slits very large. Adoral plates extraordinarily large, quadrant- shaped, closely appressed to each other, as well as to the oral shield; oral shields and adoral plates may carry thorny stumps; oral plates indistinct. Oral papille spiniform and very numerous, about fifteen on each side. First under arm plates small and squarish; succeeding plates, two or three times as wide as long, distinctly separated, of a very peculiar shape, with a proximal ee and a remarkable distal projection; at first this projection is smooth, but beyond the first few basal joints it becomes more and more er and thorny, and at the middle of the arm it is a thorny lump. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below; each plate carries nine or ten straight, rather sharp spines, the upper ones smooth, but the middle and lower ones more or less thorny; the next to the uppermost, or the uppermost, is longest and may equal five joints. Tentacle scales variable; on first two or three basal tentacle pores there are three (rarely four) long, somewhat spatulate, smooth spine-like scales; on the next few joints there are two such scales and then there is only a single scale, which is short and thorny. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 3 specimens; station 4901, East- ern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 1 specimen; station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32°31’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 3 Sap station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; sone 130° 29/ 50”’ E., 152 fathoms, ae bottom temperature 56°, 2 specimens; station 4934, Hagens Sea, lat: 30° 587 3077 N= lone: 130° 327 Bee t0s to 152 fathoms, rocky, 18 specimens; station 4939, Kagoshima Gulf, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 195 lat. 31° 18’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 42’ E., 85 fathoms, | specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 85 to 152 fathoms. Temperature range, 56° to 52.9°. Twenty-eight specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25588, U.S.N.M., from station 4933. This very fine species is distinguished from the other members of the genus by the huge radial shields, which cover most of the disk, the very long, smooth, upper arm spines and the peculiar oral shields. It is probably nearest to O. rugosa Koehler, from the Dutch East Indies. Family OPHIACANTHID. With the probable exception of the Ophiolepididz, there is no group of Ophiurans so much in need of revision as those which are commonly included under this family designation. The preceding family (Ophiohelide) is a most unnatural group as proposed by Perrier (1891)¢ and as used here, for Ophiomitra and Ophiocamaz are very close to true Ophiacantha, and Ophiotholia is an almost unique genus of doubtful relationships. Verrill’ has divided the Ophia- canthide into a large number of genera, many of which, to say the least, are valid and worthy of recognition. But some of the charac- ters, of which he makes use, seem to me of doubtful value, and in many cases I have found it hard to see the lines which he has drawn. Lack of time prevents my going into the subject at present with the thoroughness which it demands, and I am therefore reluctantly com- pelled to ignore Verrill’s genera for the present and use Ophiacantha in a very wide sense. I have also stretched Ophiolebes to include a number of diverse forms, but in spite of using these two genera to their widest extent, it has been necessary to establish some new genera. It is hoped that the figures and descriptions given will atone in some measure for leaving the group even more chaotic than it was before. OPHIACANTHA BIDENTATA. Asterias bidentata Rerzius, Diss. Ast., 1805, p. 33. Ophiacantha bidentata LIUNGMAN, Ofv. Kon. Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 28, 1872, p. 652. Localities —Albatross station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30” N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temper- ature 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 4804, off Kurile Islands, lat.46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 47’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°(?), | specimen; station 4812, off Sado Island, lat. 38° 33’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 176 to 200 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 3 specimens; station 4818, off Sado Island, lat. 38° 8’ 55’’ N.; long. 138° 31/ 30’’ E., 225 to 245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.7°, 51 specimens; station 4819, off Sado @ Verrill used the same name in 1899 as though ignorant of Perrier’s proposed family. o Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. 10, 1899, pp. 319-397. 196 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Island, lat. 38° 9’ N.; long. 138° 32’ 12’’ K., 245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.1°, 28 specimens; station 4820, off Sado Island, lat. 37° 37’ N.; long. 138° 19’ E., 536 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.4°, 3 specimens; station 4822, off Noto Peninsula, Japan, lat. 37° 8’ 10’’ N.; long. 137° 8’ E., 130 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.4°, 11 specimens; station 4828, Sea of Japan, lat. 37° 23’ N.; long. 137° 36’ K., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 13 specimens; station 4861, off Korea, lat. 36° 19’ N.; long. 129° 47’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.4°, 19 specimens; station 4862, off Korea, lat. 36° 20’ N.; long. 129° 50’ E., 184 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.9°, 2 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10’ 30’’ E., 390 to 428 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 3 specimens; station 4984, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 12’ 10’’ E., 224 to 248 fathoms, green mud, bot- tom temperature 33°, 6 specimens; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 140° 22’ 40”’ E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 specimen; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38’ 40”’ N.; long. 141° 24’ 30’ E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 8 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 130 to 536 fathoms. Temperature range, 39.4° to 32.4°. One hun- dred and fifty specimens. This species is another example of an Ophiuran with an apparently circumpolar range, extending southward in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It belongs thus in the same class with Ophiura sarsw, Ophiura nodosa, and Ophiopholis aculeata. It is noticeable, however, that the extension southward is only along the Asiatic side of the Pacific and not along the American coast. The Pacific specimens are apparently indistinguishable from individuals collected along the east coast of North America. OPHIACANTHA PENTAGONA. Ophiacantha pentagona K@uuer, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (8), vol. 4, 1897, p. 342. Localities —Albatross station 3698, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 1 speci- men; station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3717, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 to 100 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 3 specimens; station 3737, off Port Heda, Honshu Island, Japan, 161 to 167 fathoms, green mud, volcanic sand, 1 specimen; station 3758, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 52 to 73 fathoms, blue clay, rocks, 10 specimens; station 4879, Korea Strait, lat. 37° 17’ N.; long. 130° 15’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 2 specimens; station 4891, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ N.; long. 128° 34’ E., 181 fathoms, gray sand, broken NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 197 shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 1 specimen; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 speci- mens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4901, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40”’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 1 speci- men; station 4902, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40”’ K., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 23 specimens; station 4904, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 20’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 40’’ E., 107 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4905, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 39’ N.; long. 129° 19’ E., 369 fathoms, bottom temperature 43.4°, 1 specimen; station 4916, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 25’ N.; long. 129° 6’ 40’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 136 specimens; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50’’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 3 specimens; station 4967, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 10’’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 20” K., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 2 specimens; station 4979, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 9 specimens; station 5055, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 53’ N.; long. 138° 44’ 50’’ E., 124 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 56.6°, 2 specimens; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 55.8°, 1 specimen; station 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’’ K., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom tempera- ture 57.6°, 1 specimen; station 5084, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40’’ K., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 45 to 943 fathoms. Temperature range, 62.1° to 36.4°. Two hundred and seven specimens. These specimens show great diversity in color (dried from alcohol) and in the relative length of arm (compared to disk diameter). The color varies in different specimens from cream-white to deep grayish- brown. The length of arm varies from four to six times the diameter of the disk. There is so little divergence from Keehler’s figures and description that I need mention only two points; the distal margin of the upper and under arm plates is very convex except on the first two or three joints and the plates are very much farther apart than in his figures; the basal rows of spines of opposite sides are almost com- pletely approximated dorsally. The largest specimen is nearly 8 mm. 198 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. across the disk, but most of them are much less than that and some may be the young of other species. The extensive bathymetrical and temperature ranges would indicate the presence of more than one species in the lot, but such small specimens of Ophiacantha can seldom be positively identified. OPHIACANTHA LEVISPINA. Ophiacantha levispina Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 5, 1878, p. 147. Localities. —Albatross station 4908, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 40’ N.; long. 129° 29’ 40” E., 434 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 42.0°, 7 specimens; station 4912, Hastern Sea, lat. 31° 39’ 40’’ N.; long. 129° 20’ E., 391 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 41.9°, 1 specimen; station 4915, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 31’ N.; long. 129° 25’ 30’’ E., 427 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, broken shells, bottom temperature 41.9°, 2 specimens; station 4916, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 25’ N.; long. 129° 6’ 40’” E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 11 specimens; station 4917, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 24’ N.; long. 129° 67 Es 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom tempera- ture 42.7°, 8 specimens; station 4918, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 22’ N.; long. 129° 8’ 30’’ E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 11 specimens; station 4919, Kast- ern Sea, lat. 30° 34’ N.; long. 129° 19’ 30” E., 440 fathoms, globig- erina ooze, bottom temperature 41.8°, 19 specimens; station 4956, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 132° 25’ E., 720 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.5°, 7 specimens; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30” N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, green-brown mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature, 38.1°, 1 specimen; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 4 specimens; station 4984, Sea of Japan, lat. 43°4’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 12’ 10’’ E., 224 to 248 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 1 specimen; sta- tion 5083, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 307” E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 224 to 720 fathoms. Tem- perature range, 42.9° to 33°. Seventy-four specimens. Lyman considered his single specimen, which measured 6 mm. across the disk, as immature, but the largest specimen before me is only 9 mm. in disk diameter and the great majority are under 7 mm. The broad distal oral papilla is the most striking mark of this species and is fortunately very constant. It serves to distinguish levispina from pentagona at once, although in other characters the two species often approach each other very nearly. There is considerable diver- sity shown in the shape of the arm plates and oral shields; the latter NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 199 are usually much wider than long, but they are sometimes longer than wide. None of the Albatross specimens have the under arm plates as narrow as in Lyman’s figures, and the upper arm plates are rela- tively larger than he shows them, but I do not think these can be specific differences. OPHIACANTHA ADIAPHORA, new species.¢@ Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arms about 28 mm. long. Disk pentag- onal covered closely with little stumps, nearly one-third millimeter high, which are about cylindrical and ter- ir a. in several uff slender, more or less : diverging teeth. Ra- dial shields con- cealed. Upper arm plates small, nearly triangular, widely separated. Inter- brachial spaces be- low, like disk, except that the scales are visible just distal to oral shield. Genital slits small. Oral shield rather small, wider than long, ~somewhat rhombic, with rounded angles and concave sides. Adoral plates mod- erate, wider without * than within, where they do not always e meet Oral papille Fic. 91.—OPHIACANTHA ADIAPHORA. XX 7. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. WAY SON ON I IS y, A Uf subequal, narrow, flat, bluntly pointed, three on aside and one at apex ofjaw. First under arm plate rather large, pentagonal, nearly as long as wide; succeeding plates hexagonal, pentagonal, or tetragonal, much wider than long, well separated from each other. Side arm plates rather large, meeting broadly above and below, each with six or seven long, straight, pointed spines; these spines are not perfectly smooth, but seem so to the unaided eye; the uppermost (or one next to it) is the longest a’ Adcadopoc, signifying not different, in reference to the resemblance to 0. pentagona. 200 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. and equals two or three joints. Tentacle scale single (sometimes two on basal pores), moderate, rounded or bluntly pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white, or bright brownish-yellow, or brownish- eray. Localities. Albatross station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long, 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 3 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 40”’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 237 to 244 fathoms, gray sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.5°, 2 specimens; station 4771, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ N.; long. 179° 17’ E., 426 fathoms, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 372 fathoms, green-brown sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 3 specimens; station 4797, Sea of Okhotsk, lat. 52° 37’ 30’ N.; long. 158° 50’ E., 68 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 36.6°, 1 specimen; station 4809, Sea of Japan, lat.41° 18’ N.; long. 140° 8’ 40” E., 90 to 207 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 4828, Sea of Japan, lat. 37° 23’ N.; long. 137° 36’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 5085, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 6% 45’’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 45’’ K., 622 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 68 to 622 fathoms. Temperature range, 38.5° to 34.9°. Fourteen specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25543, U.S.N.M., from station 4772. Some specimens of this species seem to be so near to O. pentagona that I have been in great doubt as to whether the species ought to be considered different or not, but as they are mostly from much more northern stations, I have decided to establish it. It may be recognized by the following characters: The adoral plates are much narrower and thinner than in pentagona, the oral papille are nar- rower and more delicate, the tentacle scale is larger and more obtuse, the upper arm plates are smaller and more triangular, the arm spines are a trifle shorter and thicker, and the disk stumps are much longer and slenderer. Unfortunately no one of these characters is so constant as to form an unfailing mark of distinction, yet when all are taken into account the two species are distinguishable. The tentacle scales and disk stumps furnish the best characters, par- ticularly in adults. Comparison of the figures given here with the figures of pentagona given by Keehler@ will serve to emphasize the resemblances, rather than the differences, between the two species. The largest specimen of adiaphora before me is 9 mm. across the disk and is remarkable for having six arms and six jaws; it is not otherwise peculiar. a Investigator Deep Sea Oph., 1899, pl. 4, figs. 27-29. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 201 OPHIACANTHA RHACHOPHORA, new species.@ This species is so close to the two preceding that a detailed descrip- tion would be quite superfluous. Its only specific peculiarities lie in the very rough arm spines (except the uppermost), tentacle scales, and even oral papille. In extreme cases the tips of the distal oral papille bear several teeth or little thorns, and the tentacle scales are sharp pointed with a thorn or two on each side. Other specimens have these peculiarities less marked and approach very near to pentagona, and I do not feel sure that rhachophora is anything more than a slight variety of that species. For the present, how- ever, I think it well to distinguish it by a sepa- rate name. Localities.— Albatross station 3698, off Mana- zuru Zaki, Honshu Is- land, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, _ volcanic ashes, sand, 1 specimen ; station 3717, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Ja- pan, 63 to 100 fathoms, voleanic sand, — shells, rocks, 2 specimens; sta- tion 3750, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 83 to 140 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, peb- bles, 1 specimen; station 4771, Bering Sea, lat. 54°30’ N.; long. 179° 17’ E., 426 fathoms, broken shells, bottom tempera- ture 38.1°, 2 specimens; station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 372 fathoms, green- brown sand, 1 specimen; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ 30” N.; long. 178° 44’ E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 16 specimens; station 4809, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 36’ 12’’ N.; long. 140° 8’ 40’’ E., 90 to 207 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, broken shells, 12 specimens; sta- tion 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom tempera- a ‘Paydc, signifying a briar, and dopa, signifying a carrying, in reference to the very thorny arm spines and tentacle scales. Fiq. 92.—OPHIACANTHA RHACHOPHORA. X & @,FROM ABOVE:), FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. 202 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ture 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4902, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 2 specimens; station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35’ 20’’ N.; long. 135° 10’ 50” E.., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 71 specimens; station 4967, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 10” N.; long. 135° 37’ 20’’ E., 244 to 253 fathoms, brown mud, sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 45.9°, 2 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, Wy = Be see SOR = | HDs aa eS GIN ae TNS a Fig. 93.—OPHIACANTHA OMOPLATA. X 8. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 4 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 5 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 63 to 584 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 55.9° to 37.2°. One hundred and twenty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25630, U.S.N.M., from station 4902. OPHIACANTHA OMOPLATA, new species.a Similar to adiaphora in size and proportions and in many other respects. Upper arm plates a little larger and relatively wider @ Quoraty, signifying shoulder blade, in reference to the shape of the distal oral papilla. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 203 than in that species. Disk spines with shorter and more numerous thorns, so that they are really rough spines. Outermost oral papilla wide and rounded, shaped like the shoulder blade of many Carnivora. Oral shield very wide and short. Tentacle scale conspicuous, long, rounded at tip, often distinctly furrowed. Under arm plates more nearly square than in adiaphora. Locality —Albatross station 4861, off Korea, lat. 36° 19’ N.;-long. 129° 47’ E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.4°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25740, U.S.N.M., from station 4861. Although this species is very near to the three preceding I do Fig. 94.—OPHIACANTHA ACANTHINOTATA. xX 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ? ? I ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. not think there can be much question of its validity. The distal mouth papilla and the disk spinules are very characteristic features, and the peculiar tentacle scales are quite noticeable. OPHIACANTHA ACANTHINOTATA, new species.? Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 45 mm. long. Disk covered with numerous rough blunt spines, about half a millimeter long. b’Axareréraroc, signifying most spiny, in reference to the large number and length of both disk and arm spines. 204 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Radial shields completely concealed. Upper arm plates triangular, nearly as long as wide, the basal ones more or less in contact. Inter- brachial spaces below, covered with scales which are partly obscured by spines, similar to those of the disk. Genital slits large. Oral shields somewhat pentagonal, longer than broad, with distal end narrower. Adoral plates moderate, not peculiar. Oral papille about three on a side, notably elongated, the distal one largest and some- what widened at tip; there are two small scales protecting the second pair of oral pores, close to the first under arm plate; there is a long infradental papilla at apex of jaw. First under arm plate small, squarish; succeeding plates more or less hexagonal, with both prox- imal and distal angle somewhat rounded, rather wider than long, at first barely in contact but soon becoming separated. Side arm plates very large, meeting more or less above and below, each with ten or eleven smooth, slender spines, of which the next to the uppermost is usually the longest and may equal three or four joints. Tentacle scale single, long, flat, and rounded at tip or bluntly pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), light brown. Localities.— Albatross station 3661, Gulf of Tokyo, Japan, 169 fathoms, mud, pebbles, bottom temperature 48°, 9 specimens; station 4892, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ 30’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ E., 181 fathoms, eray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25634, U.S.N.M., from station 4892. This species is well characterized by its mouth parts, arm spines, and tentacle scales, in addition to its peculiar disk spinules. It is not likely to be confused with any of the preceding. So far as can be judged by the material at hand it shows little variability, except that the oral shield tends to become triangular with a proximal base and a distal angle. OPHIACANTHA ANCHILABRA, new species.a Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered by short, thick stumps, crowned with spinules. Radial shields con- cealed. Arms wide and little constricted between the upper arm plates; width of arm at base nearly equal to one-half radius of disk. — Upper arm plates broadly triangular, widely separate. Interbrachial spaces below covered with scales which are little obscured by the stumps they carry. Oral shields much wider than long, with little or no proximal angle and a broadly curved distal edge. Adoral plates large, about as wide without as within, where they do not always meet. Oral papille, about three on a side and one at apex of jaw, long, thick, and bluntly pointed. Genital slits short. First under a” Arye, signifying near to, and AaBpoc, signifying voracious (Latin vorax), in refer- ence to its obvious relationship to O. vorax Keehler. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 205 arm plate wider than long, in contact with second, which is corre- spondingly heptagonal; succeeding plates hexagonal, separated, at first wider than long but rapidly becoming longer than wide; at middle of arm the under arm plates are so encroached on by the huge tentacle scales that their length may be nearly twice their least breadth. Side arm plates large, meeting both above and _ below; each plate carries about nine (seven to eleven in.different specimens) long, smooth spines, of which the second or third (from above) is the longest, and may equal four joints. Tentacle scale single, very large, often as long as the under arm plate, or nearly so, more or less pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), very light brown. AND op = pt ANION ATS dg —————— roel a¢ 09, a = He Bue cecunt aye? eo ay SS eS) aS te ¢, c Fig. 95—OPHIACANTHA ANCHILABRA. XX 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; c, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Localities.— Albatross station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat.33° 23’ 30’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen; station 5084, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40’’ E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°,-5 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25654, U.S.N.M., from station 5084. Although this species is nearly related to pentagona and its allies, it is easily distinguished from that group by its much broader and stouter arms, and its longer and thicker oral papille; the long under 206 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. arm plates near middle of arm are also a good character. On the whole the nearest ally of anchilabra is Keehler’s species voraz, from which it seems to differ only in the smooth arm spines and in the absence of bare scales and radial shields at the bases of the arms. OPHIACANTHA TRACHYBACTRA, new species.a Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous, nearly cylindrical stumps, crowned with several minute spinules. Radial shields concealed, but in dry specimens their form and position is clearly indicated by long, narrow, well-separated ridges. _ Arms rather stout; upper arm plates rounded _ tri- angular, about as wide as long, well sepa- rated; the side arm plates, however, do not in the type meet on basal part of arm; in smaller specimens they do. Interbra- chial spaces below well covered with more or less pointed stumps. Genital slits small. Oral shield small, somewhat pen- tagonal, quite varia- ble in proportion of length and breadth; commonly much wider than _ long. a Adoral plates very c large, wide, and thick, Fig. 96.—OPHIACANTHA TRACHYBACTRA. X 4. a, FROM ABOVE; b, meeting broadl with- FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. > y in. Oral papille nu- merous, five or six on a side, besides one at apex of jaw, subequal, long, thick, bluntly pointed. First under arm plate rather large, some- what hexagonal, wider proximally than distally; succeeding plates ranging from nearly triangular to nearly square; wider than long, widely separated. Side arm plates large, separating the upper arm plates above (even if they do not quite meet each other) and meeting broadly below; each plate carries six or seven rather thick arm spines, «Tpayzbc, signifying rough, and faxzpov, signifying clwb, in reference to the rough, club-shaped, lower arm spines, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 207 of which the upper ones are smooth, tapering, and pointed, while the lower are club-shaped and have rough or thorny tips; uppermost longest, equal to two joints or nearly so; distally, the lower arm spines are crowded and turned inward to cover the lower surface of the arm. Tentacle scale single, very small and pointed; those on the first pair of arm pores are larger and blunter than the others, but the difference is not so great as is shown in fig. 966. Color (dried from alcohol), very light brown. Localities. —Albatross station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 3 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 5029, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 22’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 43’ 30’’ E., 440 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 35.3°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 440 to 625 fathoms. Tem- perature range, 38.6° to 35.3°. Five specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25649, U.S.N.M., from station 5029. In some respects, notably the-lower arm spines, this species ap- proaches certain forms which I have included (in this report) in the genus Ophiolebes, but the disk and mouth parts are so characteris- tically ophiacanthine that it has seemed to me more natural to include it here. The numerous oral papille are a very noticeable feature and the peculiar position of the lower arm spines on the terminal half of the arm is remarkable, at least in the larger specimens. OPHIACANTHA DIPLOA, new species. Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arm about 45 mm. long. Disk covered with thorny stumps, among which are some elongated thorny spines almost exactly like those figured by Keehler’ for duplex. Radial shields narrow, widely separated, only the distal ends visible; there are no bare plates between or around them. Upper arm plates small, triangular with distal margin curved, widely separated, at first wider than long. Interbrachial spaces below covered like disk, only the stumps are all very minute. Genital slits not conspicuous. Oral shields much wider than long, rhombic with distal angle rounded. Adoral plates large, rather short and wide, meeting broadly within. Oral papille three or four on a side and one at apex of jaw, long, thick and sharp, subequal. First under arm plate about one-third as long as second, hexagonal, wider than long; succeeding plates also hexag- onal and wider than long, but the distal angle is rounded, and there is a distinct median notch in the consequently convex distal margin; all the plates are separated or the basal ones are barely in contact. @ Aer déoc, signifying double, equivalent to Latin duplex in reference to the two kinds of spines on the disk and its close relationship to 0. duplex Keehler. b Investigator, Deep Sea Oph., 1899, pl. 9, fig. 70. 208 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Side arm plates large, meeting broadly above and more or less below; each plate carries nine long, slender, nearly smooth arm spines, of which the uppermost (or next to it) 1s the longest, and may equal fully four joints; on the basal joimts of the arm, the spine series of opposite sides meet immediately behind the upper arm plate; this union of the spine series is most marked on the first three joints distal to the disk, but at no point on the arm are the series of any one joint as far apart as the width of an upper arm plate. Tentacle scale single, of moderate size, flat, oval, and sharp. Color (dried from alco- hol), nearly white, but with a yellowish tinge. Locality.—Albatross station 4957, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ E., 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25741, U.S.N.M., from station 4957. I was at first inclined to consider these specimens as representatives of O. duplex Koehler, but further study has satisfied me they can not be that species. It does not seem necessary, however, to give figures, the relationship with duplex is so marked. The essential difference is in the number and arrangement of the arm spines; in duplex (10 mm., disk diameter) there are eight, and, except the first basal series, they are not approximated dorsally, but are separated by the full width of the upper arm plates; in diploa (7 mm., disk diameter) there are nine, and the series are closely approximated dorsally immedi- ately behind the upper arm plates. Moreover, while the spines in diploa are nearly smooth (rough under a magnification of eight diame- ters) and the longest are equal to fully four joints, Kehler says of duplex, ‘‘piquants garnis de denticulations assez fortes; le premier ventral est plus long que l’article, le dernier dorsal est plus long que deux articles.’ The oral papille in diploa seem to be much more slender, and sharper than those of duplex, and the under arm plates are very different. The combination of these characters has per- suaded me to distinguish diploa as a new species. OPHIACANTHA INUTILIS. Ophiacantha inutilis Ka@HLerR, Siboga Oph. Mer Prof., 1904, p. 111. Localities.— Albatross station 4919, Eastern Sea, lat. 30°34’ N.; long. 129° 19’ 30” E., 440 fathoms, globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33°35’ 20’’ N.; long. 185° 10’ 50’’ E., 191 fathoms, dark green-gray sand, shells, bot- tom temperature 49.4°, 1 specimen; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 1 specimen; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35°° 4" 50” N.* lone 139-2387 3 “aaa fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 1 specimen. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 209 Bathymetrical range, 70 to 440 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.3° to 41.8°. Four specimens. These specimens range in size from 7 to 14 mm. across the disk. The length of the disk spmules is very variable, as is the shape of the adoral plates, and the number and length of the sharp, slender spinules on the outer edge of the upper arm plates show great diversity ; in the smallest specimens, the latter are wanting. The largest specimen has nine arm spines and the smallest has seven on the basal arm joints. Keehler suggests that inutilis may be identical with gratiosa, one of the /nvestigator species he described in 1897, and these Japanese speci- mens incline me to think that this is probably so, but as I do not feel sure of it, I prefer to use the name inutilis for them. OPHIACANTHA DIPLASIA, new species. Disk 23 mm. in diameter; arms about 150 mm. long. Disk covered with coarse, nearly spherical granules, which are slightly elongated at the interradial margins; distal to each of the radial shields, which are completely concealed, is a group of slender spines of various lengths (these spines were not seen in any of the other specimens examined, but all of them (16) were smaller than the type). Upper arm plates rhombic, more or less overlapping at base of arm and in contact far out toward the tip; at base of arm they are rather wider than long, but distally they become distinctly longer than wide; the distal angle of each plate is rounded or truncate and in large speci- mens, near the base of the arm, may carry one or more large granules like those of the disk; these are particularly numerous and noticeable in the type. Interbrachial spaces below more or less fully covered by somewhat elongated, pointed granules. . Genital slits large. Oral shields variable, but wider than long and usually rhombic; often pen- tagonal, and not uncommonly with the distal part abruptly narrowed into a sort of bridge between the shield and the interbrachial space. Adoral plates remarkably variable; often short, moderately wide and wholly proximal to the oral shield; more commonly long and narrow, with more or less of an intrusive branch between the oral shield and first side arm plate; in the type, the adoral shields are distinctly L-shaped and completely inclose the oral shield, save for a short distal margin. Oral papille numerous, five to seven on a side and one or more at apex of jaw, besides (in the type) one or two extra ones on the surface of either the adoral or the oral plate; they are long, flattened, blunt, and subequal, or the outermost may be longer or wider than the others; it is sometimes very long. First under arm plate small, wider than long; succeeding plates squarish or by trun- cation of one or more angles, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, and @ Aezddacoc, signifying twice as many, in reference to the pair of tentacle scales. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——14 210 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. even octagonal; distal angles often rounded instead of truncate; all of the under arm plates are near together, but they may be slightly separated; they are often in contact. Side arm plates moderate, not meeting above and only slightly, if at all, below; each plate carries seven or eight smooth, stout but delicate arm spines, which are more _or less distinctly flattened; the spines are not only hollow, but the central cavity is relatively very large; uppermost spine (or one next to it), longest, rather exceeding two joints; basal series of spines of opposite sides not noticeably approximate. Tentacle scales two on each pore, long, flat, and blunt ; in large specimens the basal pores have three scales. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, brown of some shade, FIG. 97.—OPHIACANTHA DIPLASIA. X 2.25. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. ranging from very light to very dark; arm spines usually much lighter than disk and often nearly white; occasionally the disk is dark brown, mottled with a lighter shade. Localities.— Albatross station 3051, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 19’’ N.; long. 124° 58’ 30’’ W., 59 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, 23 specimens; station 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4’ 30’’ N.; long. 124° 50’ W., 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 5 specimens; station 3054, off Oregon, lat. 44° 13’ N.; long. 124° 44’ 30’’ W., 53 fathoms, rocks, bottom temperature 48°, 3 speci- mens; station 3078, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’ N.; long. 124° 46’ W., NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 211] 68 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 45.7°, 6 specimens; station 3079, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’’ N.; long. 124° 44’ 40” W.., 55 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 46.7°, 12 specimens; station 3119, off California, lat. 36° 56’ 30’’ N.; long. 122° 17’ 40’’ W., 54 fathoms, rocky, coral, bottom temperature 50.9°, 20 specimens; station 3160, off California, lat. 37° 48’ 35’’ N.; long. 123° 12’ 40’”’ W.., 39 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 51.8°, 1 specimen; station 3163, off California, lat. 37° 56’ 40’’ N.; long. 123° 25’ 30’’ W., 69 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 48.5°, 3 specimens; station 3350, off California, lat. 38° 58’ 10’’ N.; long. 123° 57’ 5’’ W.., 75 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 48.4°, 7 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 39 to 75 fathoms. Temperature range, 51.8° to 45.7°. Eighty specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25647, U.S.N.M., from station 3051. This large species, though so variable in many characters, is well defined by its granular disk covering, numerous smooth flattened arm spines, rhombic upper arm plates and two (or even three) long and conspicuous tentacle scales. The specimens before me range in disk diameter from 12 to 23 mm. The most interesting of the variable features is the remarkable diversity shown in the form of the adoral plates; in many cases the oral shield is in contact with the first side arm plate, while the adoral plates are wholly proximal to it; but it is equally common to find the oral shield more or less isolated by the inclosing arms of the adoral plate. Comparison of specimens shows that in the young the adoral plates are proximal to the oral shield, while in large specimens they have pushed down in between the shield and the arm. While this is largely a matter of age it is not wholly so, for great individual diversity is shown; moreover the different mouth angles of a single individual often differ from each other to a notable degree. In view of this condition in this species, I find myself in doubt as to the value of the form of the adoral shields as a generic character in the Ophiacanthidz, and this is one of the chief reasons why I have not followed Verrill’s classification. OPHIACANTHA ENNEACTIS, new species. Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms nine, 15 mm. long. Disk closely cov- ered by spines and sharp granules; the spines cover the central area, but are few or wanting at the margins; they are long, straight, slender, sharp and nearly smooth; the granules are most abundant marginally, but are not crowded anywhere; they are sharply conical and end in a glassy tip which may have two or even three points. Radial shields completely concealed. Upper arm plates somewhat pentagonal with the disto-lateral angles rounded; the first one or two are wider than long but the others are as long as wide or longer; all are widely a’ Fyvéa, signifying nine, and dxtéc, signifying ray, in reference to the number of rays. 212 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fig. 98.—OPHIACANTHA ENNEACTIS. X 10. @, FROM ABOVE, SHOWING ONE ARM NEARLY COMPLETE: b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. ° 218 separated. Interbrachial spaces below covered with elongated sharp granules, or spinelets. Genital slits large. Oral shields rounded, about as long as wide, pointed proximally but with a truncate, distal angle. Adoral plates somewhat variable, about three times as long as wide, meeting broadly within, either wholly proximal to the oral shield or else pushing down more or less between it and the first side arm plate. Jaws very narrow, and compressed, each with about seven long, flat, pointed oral papille, which are subequal or the apical one is largest. First under arm plate hexagonal, longer than wide, with proximal margin deeply notched; succeeding plates broadly triangular with lateral angles rounded and distal margin convex, much wider than long; all the under arm plates are widely separated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting broadly above and below; each plate carries seven slender, smooth, pointed spines, of which the uppermost is longest and may exceed two joints. Tentacle scales single, large, oval and flat, more or less pointed at tip. Color (dried from alcohol), very pale brownish. Locality. Albatross station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 38.6°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25598, U.S.N.M., from station 4781. This remarkable ophiuran reminds one at once of Ophiacantha viwi- para, an Antarctic species in which the females have six to eight arms® although the males have only five.’ It is easily distinguished by the differences in disk covering, under arm plates and oral pa- pille, but one naturally wonders whether both sexes in this north Pacific species have nine arms or whether there is here also a sexual dimorphism. Other related questions naturally arise, but in the presence of only a single specimen it is futile to discuss them. We can only hope that further collecting in Bering Sea will bring to light more abundant material of this most interesting Ophiacantha. OPHIACANTHA PRIONOTA, new species.¢ Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 42 mm. long. Disk covered with a coarse scaling, which is only partially concealed by numerous rough, stout spines, nearly a millimeter long. Distal ends of radial shields visible, widely separated. Upper arm plates rhombic, with distal angle rounded, or triangular with distal margin strongly convex, about as wide as long, only the first two or three in contact. Inter- brachial spaces below covered with scales, upon which only a few a Wyville Thomson (Jour. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 18, 1876, p. 77) says there are six to nine arms and that he never saw fewer than six. bSee Keehler, Zool. Anz., vol. 31, 1907, p. 229. ¢ [pcovwrbc, signifying like a saw, in reference to the character of the lowest arm spines. 214 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. scattered spines are borne. Genital shits very large. Oral shield nearly triangular, rather wider than long. Adoral plates very large, wider without than within where they meet. Oral papille three on a side and one at apex of jaw; the apical papilla and those on each side are relatively huge, thick, rhombic, or triangular, and sharp; distal papille smaller, narrower, and blunter. First under arm _ plate rather large, squarish, wider than long; succeeding plates separated, somewhat pentagonal, with very wide distal margin, and narrow proximal angle; toward the tip of the arm, the proximal half of each under arm plate is very narrow. Side arm plates moderate, meeting slightly above ge s A and below; each plate carries six short arm ry sire ale os spines, of which the up- i SS mets yf i Seay SA permost is longest and OEE eh Sy ae may equal three joints; Pee po La \\\ \ Wy WX the upper ones are terete, Wv i 4) KS smooth, and pointed; the / lower are flat and more or less toothed or serrate on the margins, as well as rough on the surface; at the base of the arm the flattening is confined chiefly to the lowest spine of each series, but distally all of the lower spines show it to a greater or less degree; of course, the flatter the spine, the more Fic. 99.—OPHIACANTHA PRIONOTA. X 5.5. @, FROM ABOVE; D, marked are the serrations. FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Tentacle seale single (rarely two on first pore of arm), rather large, flat, oval, pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), light brown. Locality.— Albatross station 4928, off southern Japan, lat. 29° 51’ N.; long. 131° 2’ 30’ E., 1,008 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25729, U.S.N.M., from station 4928. This species is so well characterized by the disk covering, the huge oral papille, the big adoral plates and the serrate lower arm spines, that it is not likely to be confused with any other. It would be interesting to know whether it is strictly an abyssal form or, like 0. bidentata, has a great bathymetric range. It is futile to speculate on the basis of one specimen, but it is perhaps worth noting that the NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 215 disk spines and the large adoral plates recall some of the deep-sea types collected by the Challenger. OPHIACANTHA GRANULOSA. Ophiacantha granulosa Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 5, 1878, p. 138. Localities.— Albatross station 3755, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 52 to 77 fathoms, gray sand, coral, 4 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30”’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 5 specimens. None of the specimens are as large as Lyman’s type, but they do not differ in any structural feature so far as | can see. They range in disk diameter from 3 to6 mm. The numerous, long, slender, smooth spines, the granular disk covering, and the bare radial shields are a very distinctive combination of characters. OPHIACANTHA NORMANI. Ophiacantha normani Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 6, 1879, p. 58. Localities.— Albatross station 2853, off Alaska, lat.56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 81 speci- mens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 37 specimens; station 2860, off Washington, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 14 specimens; sta- tion 2871, off Washington, lat. 46° 55’ N.; long. 125° 11’ W., 559 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 38.4°, 811 specimens; sta- tion 2873, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 40 fathoms, rocks, bottom temperature 47.8°, 1 specimen; station 3069, off Washington, lat. 47° 25’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 42’ W., 760 fathoms, ereen mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 10 specimens; station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 43’ W., 636 fathoms green mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 302 specimens; station 3071, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ N.; long. 125° 33’ 30’’ W., 685 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 102 specimens; station 3073, off Washington, lat. 47° 28’ N.; long. 125° 15’ W., 477 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 49.2°, 20 specimens; station 3074, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 48’ 30’ W., 877 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 33 specimens; station 3075, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 41’ W., 859 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 122 specimens; station 3316, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 45’’ W., 309 fathoms, black sand, eravel, bottom temperature 38.2°, 150 specimens; station 3317, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 57’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 57’ W., 165 fathoms, coarse sand, 216 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. gravel, rocks, 3 specimens; station 3330, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 0’ 45’’ N.; long. 166° 53’ 50’” W., 351 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 37.8°, 154 specimens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fathoms, mud, 1 specimen; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2’ 50’’ N.; long. 166° 45’ W., 406 fathoms, rocky sand, 1 specimen; station 3337, off Alaska, lat. 53° 55’ 30’ N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 280 fathoms, green mud, rocks, bottom temperature 39.3°, 50 specimens; station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, 163 specimens; station 3340, off Alaska, lat. 55° 26’ N.; long. 155° 26’ W., 695 fath- oms, mud, 75 specimens; station 3343, off Washington, lat. 47° 40’ 40’’ N.; long. 125° 20’ W., 516 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 38.2°, 250 specimens (+ ‘‘1 bushel rejected’’); station 3346, off Washington, lat. 45° 30’ N.; long. 124° 52’ W., 786 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.3°, 18 specimens; station 3347, off Washington, lat. 45° 9’ 35’’ N.; long. 124° 45’ W., 345 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 40.9°, 69 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 2 specimens; station 3607, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 25’ W., 987 fathoms, green mud, black lava, sand, bottom tempera- ture 35.9°, 53 specimens; station 3608, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19’ N.; long. 168° 11’ W., 276 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 845 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35’ N.; long. 168° 20’ W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 6 specimens; station 3696, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 501 to 749 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 73 specimens; station 4767, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12’ N.; long. 179° 7’ 30’ E., 771 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 6 specimens; station 4768, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 20’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 9’ 30’’ E., 764 fath- oms, green-brown mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37°, 2 specimens; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 178° 44’ E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 387 specimens; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 3 speci- mens; station 4972, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 45’” N.; long. 135° 33’ K., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom tempera- ture 39.8°, 2 specimens; station 4977, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 40’ E., 544 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38.9°, 4 specimens; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 5 specimens; station 5015, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 44’ N.; long. 144° 2’ E., 510 fathoms, green NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 217 mud, bottom temperature 35.9°, 4 specimens; station 5023, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 43’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 3’ E., 75 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 1 specimen; station 5033, Yezo Strait, lat. 44° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 145° 28’ E., 533 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen; station 5036, south of Hokkaido, lat. 41° 58’ N.; long. 142° 30’ 30” E., 464 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 5082, off Omai Saki, lat. 34° 5’ N.; long. 137° 59’ E., 662 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 37.7°, 76 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30’ E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 3 specimens; station 5085, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 6’ 45’’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 45’’ E., 622 fathoms, green mud, fine black sand, bottom tempera- ture 37.8°, 2 specimens; station 5087, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 9’ 40’ N.; long. 139° 19’ 5”’ E., 614 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen. No label, 12 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 40 to 987 fathoms. Temperature range, 55.9° to 30.9°. Three thou- sand nine hundred and fifty-nine specimens. The above list is sufficient evidence of the abundance of this species in the north Pacific, but in spite of this abundance and the great geographical and bathymetrical range, it shows remarkable con- stancy in its specific characters. Among all these thousands of specimens, ranging in disk diameter from 34 to 22 mm., there are no notable variations and the individual diversity shown is very slight. One specimen from station 3696 is, however, perfectly tetramerous. In specimens under 8 mm. disk diameter there are only three arm spines, but even in the largest specimens the fourth spine is found only on the basal joints of the arm. The extent to which the disk scales are concealed by the granules, the size and pointedness of the granules, the number of granules on the upper arm plates, the form of the under arm plates and the shape of the teeth are the principal features in which a normal amount of diversity is shown. Lyman, in his final report on the Challenger ophiurans, transferred this species to Ophiomitra, but subsequent writers have, as a rule, considered it as more properly an Ophiacantha, and it certainly seems to belong in that genus, in a broad sense. According to Verrill’s classification, it would be a very typical member of his proposed genus Ophialcea. OPHIACANTHA CATALEIMMOIDA, new species.@ Disk 17 mm. in diameter; arms about 75 to 80 mm. long. Disk covered more or less sparsely with coarse, rounded granules, as in normant. Radial shields, as in that species, with distal half bare, @ Kartddecppoc, signifying relictus, and «doc, signifying form, in reference to the general resemblance to O. relicta Koehler. 218 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. widely separated. Upper arm plates more or less rhombic, or tri- angular with distal margin convex or straight, wider than long, only a few of the basal ones in contact; distal margin of some basal ones carrying granules as in normani. Interbrachial spaces below with a sparse granulation. Genital slits very large. Oral shield tetragonal, very short and wide. Adoral plates rather large, proximal to oral shield, meeting broadly within, slightly curved. Oral papille rather large, three on a side and often one at apex of jaw, subequal or the distal one largest. First under arm plate small, wider than long; succeeding plates heptagonal, hexagonal, or pentagonal, according to the truncation or rounding of the proximal and distal Fig. 100.—OPHIACANTHA CATALEIMMOIDA. 3. a, FROM ABOVE; J, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. angles, wider than long, all but the first two distinctly separated. Side arm plates moderate, in contact both above and below; each plate carries six or seven straight, smooth spines, of which the next to the uppermost is longest and may exceed three joints; rows of spines not approximate dorsally. Tentacle scale single, very large, flat, rounded, and more or less distinctly curved outward around the base of the lowest arm spine. Color (dried from alcohol), quite vari- able, ranging from deep purplish-brown to light yellowish-brown or even almost white; dark specimens sometimes have the disk mottled with lighter; the rubbing off of the disk granules, with its consequent NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 2Y%19 exposure of the close, even scaling of the disk, greatly affects the color, for the scales are gray of some shade, often quite dark; some- times the radial scales are dark while the interradial are light. The arms are sometimes prettily banded with light and dark. Localities.—Albatross station 2853, off Alaska, lat. 56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 104 specimens; station 3332, off Alaska, lat. 54° 2’ 50’’ N.; long. 166° 45’ W., 406 fathoms, rocky, sand, 4 specimens; station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 3 specimens; station 3339, off Alaska, lat. 54° 46’ N.; long. 157° 43’ 30’ W., 138 fathoms, mud, gravel, bottom temperature 37.4°, 106 specimens (‘half a peck rejected’’); station 3340, off Alaska, lat. 55° 26’ N.; long. 155° 26’ W., 695 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long..174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 3 spec- imens; station 4804, off Kurile Islands, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 47’ K., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bot- tom temperature 39°, 39 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 10 specimens; station 5080, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 505 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.7°, 1 specimen; station 5083, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 4’ 20’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30” E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 38 specimens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 37’ 42” E., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 2 specimens. Loc.?, 12 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 138 to 695 fathoms. Temperature range, 43.9° to 35.9°. Three hundred and twenty-five specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25625, U.S.N.M., from station 3339. Although at first sight this species is very near both relicta Koehler and normani Lyman, it is quite distinct from either. The arm spines are as numerous as in relicta, but they are perfectly smooth, while the remarkable tentacle scales are very characteristic. OPHIACANTHA CDIDISCA, new species.a Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk decidedly tumid, or swollen, its vertical diameter being about 4 mm.; it is very closely covered by minute granules, which are not, however, in @’0idew, signifying to swell, and déoxoc, signifying disk, in reference to the very elevated disk. 29920 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. actual contact with each other. Radial shields, or at least distal ends of them, bare, roundish, wellseparated. Upper arm plates triangular, those on basal half of arm more or less in contact and consequently with proximal angle, more or less truncate, wider than long; distal margin with a series of granules like those of the disk, and others are often scattered on the surface of the plates. Interbrachial spaces below less thickly granulated than disk. Genital slits very large. Oral shield somewhat rhombic with lateral and distal angles rounded, much wider than long. Adoral plates long, narrow, straight. Oral papille three or four on a side, and one at apex of jaw, long, flat, pointed, subequal or apical one largest. First under arm plate small, wider than long, narrower distally; second plate more or less triangu- lar, wider than long; succeeding plates squarish, their outlines, par- 6 Pog 6 Sbceseeeeccataee caps, 3 f 8 0 eee Rice 9, is oa, oa. ° On 30S 9999 88 Ro 7 Bie eRe ee oe ‘90 0889, Po P02 5995.0% 0° 929 ba ag'ey 9 e Ogee ae 2838 Beep SB, 202 S5x833 ©5052 oO ages 020F G04 99. G00 809050 Bossa See soee 3239 29% 300 “ 10. saps Poosoes 2069) eek Fic. 101.—OPHIACANTHA @@DIDISCA. X 5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM a JOINTS NEAR DISK. ticularly proximally, quite indistinct; they are well separated and between each two there is more or less of a depression; it is difficult to determine whether the side arm plates meet in the depression or not. Side arm plates not very large, not meeting above and appar- ently not below; each plate carries six short, stout, arm spines, of which the upper two are longest, though hardly exceeding the joint, and smoothest; lowest spines quite rough, at least near tip. Ten- tacle scale single, not very large, pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), yellowish or grayish. Localities.— Albatross station 4957, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ K., 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4959, “NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 292] off southern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ 30’’ N.; long. 132° 23’ 20’’ E., 405 to 578 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 40.1°, 3 specimens; station 4960, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 34’ N.; long. 132° 21’ 45”’ E., 578 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature, 38.7°, 1 specimen; station 4976, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 22’ 50’’ N.; long. 135° 38’ 30’” E., 544 to 545 fathoms, brown mud, small stones, bottom tempera- ture 38.7°, 1 specimen; station 5080, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ E., 505 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.7°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 405 to 578 fathoms. Temperature range, 40.1° to 38.7°. Seven specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25731, U.S.N.M., from station 4959. This is an interesting species for while the figures and description reveal a close relationship to normani and relicta, the general appear- ance is quite different owing to the tumid disk and the slender arms with short spines. Indeed the arms, and particularly the arm spines, are much like those of some species of Ophiolebes. The under arm plates, with the depressions between, also give an impression quite different from that of any of the related species of Ophiacantha. OPHIACANTHA LEUCORHABDOTA, new species. Disk 16 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long. Disk covered with a sparse coating of very coarse granules, only three to five to the square millimeter; most of the granules are spherical or nearly so but some have minute spinelets on the free end. Radial shields large, bare, near together but not in contact, longer than broad. Upper arm plates rhombic with proximal angle more or less truncate, distal angle rounded and distal sides curved (concave); first one wider than long, second longer than wide, remainder as wide as long or wider; all more or less in contact. Interbrachial spaces below well covered with granules. Genital slits long but not conspicuous. Oral shield pentagonal with all angles, except proximal, rounded, wider than long. Adoral plates rather large, about as wide without as within where they meet; oral plates moderately large. Oral papille numerous, five or six on each side and one or more at apex of jaw, long, flat, blunt, the distal one distinctly the largest. First under arm plate longer than wide, narrower distally ; succeeding plates much wider than long, narrower proximally, nearly, if not quite, in contact; they are pentagonal with proximo-lateral sides concave and distal angle rounded, or if this angle is truncated they are of course hexagonal. Side arm plates rather large, not meeting above and a Acuxéc, signifying white, and paBdwroc, signifying striped, in reference to the color of the arms. 222 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ; scarcely so below; each plate carries eight or nine smooth, stout spines, of which the two uppermost are longest and about equal to two joints. Tentacle scales two on first pair of arm pores but single thereafter, large, flat, rounded, with a decided tendency to curve around the base of lowest arm spine. Color (dried from alcohol), brown; inner ends of radial shields and a broad longitudinal stripe on each arm, white; arm spines, disk granules, and oral surface very light. Locality — Albatross station 4934, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 30” N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 60.6° to 56°, 1 specimen. 198 ALY : Fic. 102.—OPHIACANTHA LEUCORHABDOTA. XX 3. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Type.—Cat. No. 25655, U.S.N.M., from station 4934. This species is easily the handsomest Ophiacantha in the collection. The combination of large, bare radial shields, rhombic upper arm plates in contact, numerous oral papille, numerous stout, smooth arm spines and characteristic tentacle scales, with the striking coloration, will prevent confusion with any other species. Of course, it must be borne in mind that the coloration may prove to be a very inconstant and therefore unreliable character. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 223 OPHIACANTHA EURYPOMA, new species.a Disk 15 mm. in diameter; arms about 85 mm. long. Disk covered with very minute thorny stumps, which are more or less rubbed off, leaving the underlying scaling bare. Radial shields roundish, bare, near together, and sometimes almost touching distally. Upper arm plates triangular, about as wide as long, well separated, except two at base of arm, which are tetragonal and broadly in contact. Inter- brachial space below, like disk. Genital slits small. Oral shield rhombic, with rounded angles, wider than long. Adoral plates large, only about twice as long as wide, meeting broadly within. Oral papillz three on a side and one at apex of jaw; all are long and con- Fic. 103.—OPHIACANTHA EURYPOMA. X 3.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. spicuous, and all but the outermost are narrow and sharp; outermost very wide, squarish. First under arm plate hexagonal, wider than long; second plate, in contact with first, broadly bell-shaped, much wider than long; succeeding plates heptagonal, hexagonal or tetrag- onal, at first wider than long, but becoming longer than wide, sepa- rated from each other. Side arm plates moderate, meeting slightly above and below; each plate carries seven or eight slender spines, the upper ones smooth, the lower ones very slightly thorny, the lowest 4 Edpic, signifying broad, and z@ua, signifying lid, in reference to the broad, distal oral papilla. 2294 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. smooth; next to uppermost longest, equal to rather more than two joints. Tentacle scale single, very large, especially on first pair of pores, flat and blunt or somewhat pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), very light yellowish. Locality.— Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20’ N.; long. 136° 20’ W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 3 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25626, U.S.N.M., from station 2859. Although this species is obviously related to normani, cataleemmoida, and adidisca, it may be readily distinguished from any of those species by the thorny stumps, rather than granules, on the disk; the proximity Fic. 104.—OPHIACANTHA LEPIDOTA. 1). ad, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. of the radial shields, the huge outer oral papilla, and the numerous very slender arm spines. The general appearance is lighter and more fragile than that of any of the related species. OPHIACANTHA LEPIDOTA, new species. Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long, probably. Disk covered by large overlapping scales, upon which are borne low, thorny 4 AcxcOwtéc, signifying covered with scales, in reference to the coarse scaling of the disk (fig. 104a); very likely not particularly applicable to an uninjured specimen. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 225 stumps; how numerous the stumps normally are the present condi- tion of the specimen does not permit us to determine. Radial shields exposed only at the extreme distal ends where they are not quite in contact. Upper arm plates triangular, as long as wide or longer, widely separated; arms decidedly constricted between each pair. Interbrachial space below like disk above. Genital slits large. Oral shield broadly pentagonal, much wider than long; distal side very short. Adoral plates moderate, three times as long as broad, meeting very narrowly within. Oral papille three on a side and one at apex of jaw, long, thick, bluntly pomted; distal papilla much the widest. (In fig. 1046 the distal papilla is drawn in an oblique position, so that its full width is not indicated.) First under arm plate longer than wide, rather hexagonal; succeeding plates more or less pentagonal, at first much wider than long, but soon becoming longer than wide, well separated. Side arm plates low and long, but meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries six emanailh slender spines, of which the next to fe uppermost is longest and may equal two joints. Tentacle scale single, quite large, oval, flat, and blunt. Color (dried from alcohol), dirty whitish, the disk with a decidedly eray tinge. Locality — Albatross station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 1 specimen. Pye. —Cat. No. 25529, U.S.N.M., from station 3338. This is one of those exasperating areata which, although without any distinctive or notable characters, refuse to be assigned to any known species, and yet are so small and. badly preserved it is humilia- ting to make them types of new species. Although other species of Ophiacantha were taken at station 3338, this specimen can not be referred to any one of them, and I do not know of any species from elsewhere with which it might be united. OPHIACANTHA EUPHYLACTEA, new species.a Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered by a fine scaling (coarse near radial shields), which was probably concealed in life by the minute, thorny stumps, of which there are now only a few scattered ones left. Distal ends of radial shields exposed and nearly in contact. Upper arm plates rounded pentag- onal or hexagonal, at first wider than long, but soon becoming as long as wide. Although not actually in contact, they separate the side arm plates widely. Interbrachial space below like disk. Geni- tal slits very large. Oral shield tetragonal, with wide proximal a Fd, signifying well, and dvdaxtéoc, signifying guarded, in reference to the way in which the lower arm spines protect the tentacles. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——15 226 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. angle, much broader than long. Adoral plates short and wide, hardly meeting within. Oral papille very long, stout, pointed, three or four on a side, subequal, and a larger one at apex of jaw. First under arm plate very large, squarish, about as long as wide; succeeding plates squarish or hexagonal, wider than long, broadly separated from each other. Side arm plates moderate, well sep- arated above, but meeting broadly below. Each plate carries six to eight short, thick, bluntly pointed arm spines; upper ones smooth, second and third longest, not quite equal to two joints; lowest three or four smaller (much smaller at middle of arm), more or less flat- Fig. 105.—OPHIACANTHA EUPHYLACTEA. X 7. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. tened, rough, and hooked at tip. Tentacle scales none, but the three or four lowest arm spines form a very efficient protection for the tentacles, which are, however, except the first two or three pairs, very small. Color (dried from alcohol), whitish. Locality.— Albatross station 3697, off Manazuru Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 120 to 265 fathoms, gray mud, volcanic sand, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25730, U.S.N.M., from station 3697. Although the single specimen shows the effect of acid alcohol, by a certain amount of decalcification, which is most marked on the NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 227 upper arm plates, the arm spines, and the oral papille, its characters are so unique I have no hesitation in making it the type of a new species. I would call particular attention to the huge, spiniform oral papille; the very large first under arm plate widely separated from second; the absence of tentacle scales, and the very charac- teristic lower arm spines. OPHIACANTHA HYLACANTHA, new species. Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long. Disk covered ; oO by numerous stout, pointed, rough spines, nearly or quite a milli- Fig. 106.—OPHIACANTHA HYLACANTHA. 4.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. meter long. - Among the spines are scattered coarse granules, but whereas the spines are chiefly near the center of the disk, the gran- ules are chiefly marginal, particularly distal to the radial shields. Radial shields large, well separated, rather longer than wide, bare and smooth. Upper arm plates more or less triangular, as long as wide or longer; basal ones in contact, but farther out they are sep- arated; some basal ones bear marginal granules, as in normani. a°Y)y, signifying forest, and dxavOa, signifying spine, in reference to the forest of spines on the disk. 228 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Interbrachial spaces below covered with scales, carrying a few elon- gated granules. Genital slits small. Oral shields rhombic, with rounded angles, about as long as wide. Adoral plates very large, about half as wide as long, meeting broadly within. Oral papille large, three on a side and one at apex of jaw, bluntly pointed, sub- equal, or distal one largest. Under arm plates wider than long, the first about half as large as second; first and second distinctly in contact, second and third hardly so, the remainder separated. Side arm plates rather large, meeting above and below, except at very base of arm. Each plate carries eight stout spines, of which the second or third (from above) is the longest, equaling two joints or more; uppermost three and lowest one smooth, the intermediate four slightly rough near tip. Tentacle scale single, large; broad’ and rounded on basal pores, it soon becomes narrower and_ pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), light grayish-brown. Locality.— Albatross station 5084, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40’’ E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globiger- ina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25593, U.S.N.M., from station 5084. This single specimen, which is very well preserved, is much like cataleimmoida, except in the oral shields and adoral plates and in the disk covering. In the latter particular, it 1s quite unlike any other Ophiacantha in the collection, and I fail to find any previously known species to which it might be referred. OPHIACANTHA ATOPOSTOMA, new species.@ Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms probably about 50 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous slender pointed spines, one-fourth to one millimeter long, which under a microscope are minutely thorny. Radial shields only visible distally, where they are well separated and surrounded by the disk spies. Upper arm plates triangular, with distal side convex, wider than long and well separated. Inter- brachial spaces below much like disk above. Genital slits small. Oral shields rounded, wider than long, with distal side more or less projecting. Adoral plates large, twice as long as wide, meeting broadly within. Oral papille five or six on a side (sometimes a single one at apex of jaw), the proximal ones narrow and pointed, the distal one (outermost) broad, flat and rounded at tip; distal to this broad papilla and borne on the proximal edge of the adoral plate, is a sharp, slender, spinelike papilla (sometimes there are two). First under arm plate small and squarish, a trifle wider than long; second plate in contact with first, heptagonal, wider than long; third barely touch- a” Acozoc, signifying odd, peculiar, and otopa, signifying mouth, in reference to the peculiar mouth parts. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 229 ing second, hexagonal, about as long as wide; succeeding plates sepa- rated, more or less pentagonal, with rounded distal margin, longer than wide. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below, each with seven stout, smooth, not very sharp spines, of which the upper- most is longest and exceeds two joints. Tentacle scales two on first pair (or first two pairs) of arm pores; after that single, but very large, flat andoval. Color (dried from alcohol), light grayish-brown or dirty whitish. Fig. 107.—OPHIACANTHA ATOPOSTOMA. X 5. @, FROM ABOVE; Db, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Locality — Albatross station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 37? fathoms, green-brown sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25599, U.S.N.M., from station 4772. Although this specimen is in very poor condition, the mouth parts are so peculiar and characteristic that, taken in connection with the disk covering, they warrant the description of a new species. I do not know of any other with which it is likely to be confused, although it resembles O. stvmulea Lyman in many characters; the exposed radial 230 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. shields and characteristic adoral plates, with their spines, readily distinguish it from that southern species. OCPHIACANTHA BAIRDI. Ophiacantha bairdi Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 10, 1883, p. 256. Localities.— Albatross station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ 30’ N.; long. 125° 43’ W., 636 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature aie 9° 59 specimens; station 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, een mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 2 specimens; station 3784, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 32’ N.; long. 178° 31’ E., 850 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, 78 specimens; station 4767, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12’ N.; long. 179° 7’ 30” K., 771 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 150 specimens; station 4772, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ 30’’ N.; long. 179° 14’ E., 344 to 372 Shon) green-brown sand, bottom ee oat at specimen; station 4979, off eee lat. 33° 53’ Npslongs 137 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, OR rs bottom temperature 36.4°, 5 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 344 to 943 fathoms. Temperature range, 38.1° to 36.4°. Two hundred and ninety-five specimens. Although Liitken and Mortensen® have already recorded this species from the Pacific Ocean and have given some excellent figures of it, I have only been persuaded, after persistent comparison with Lyman’s West Indian specimens, that these North Pacific specimens are really bairdi. I am unable, however, to find any character in which the Pacific specimens consistently differ, nor is there the slightest difference between the specimens from station 4767 and those from station 4979. The geographical range of bairdz is there- fore astonishing, -extending from the eastern Atlantic (Travailleur coll.), through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Panama, westward to Japan and northward to Alaska. In Liitken and Mortensen’s fig- ures, already referred to,* the arm spines are rather heavy. All of the specimens before me have very slender and sharp arm spines. Koehler? speaks of bairdi as having two tentacle scales, whereas Lyman definitely says, and Liitken and Mortensen clearly figure, one; none of the specimens before me have more than one, even on the first arm pores. This species is very near Ophioconis, and it is virtually impossible to find any character which would warrant their being placed in separate families, yet our present system of classification severs them widely. There is not a little individual diversity in the relative abundance of spines and granules on the disk of bairdi. In some specimens there are no granules sufficiently elongated to be a@Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 23, 1891, p. 177. b Siboga Oph. Mer Prof., 1904, p. 119. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 23] called spines, while in other cases nearly all of the granules are elongated and most of them are really spiniform. OPHIACANTHA LAMBDA, new species.a Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long. Disk covered by a dense coat of small, elongated granules. Radial shields bare dis- tally, widely separated. Upperarm plates rhombic or triangular, with distal side convex, widely separated. Interbrachial spaces below, less closely covered than disk, with elongated granules. Oral shield very large, wider than long, pointed within, laterally rounded. Genital slits ‘small. Adoral plates L-shaped, meeting within, the short arm of the L about half as long as the other, and separating the oral shield from the first side arm plate. In- ner ends of adoral plates and the oral plates carry a num- ber of granules like those of the disk, but shorter. Oral papille four on a side, and a large, flat, pointed one at apex of jaw; outer- most papilla much the largest, very wide, truncate. First under. arm plate large, wider than long, some- b what h ex agonal; Fic. 108.—OPHIACANTHA LAMBDA. X 5. 4d, FROM ABOVE; Db, FROM succeeding pl ates BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. also wider than long, pentagonal with distal side convex; all are widely separated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below, each with five smooth pointed arm spines, of which the uppermost is much the longest, nearly equaling three joints. Tentacle scale single, very large, oval, flat, not at all pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), nearly white. Locality — Albatross station 4957, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 36’ N.; long. 132° 23’ E., 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 2 specimens. @ Adu Boa, signifying L, in reference to the shape of the adoral plates. ae BULLETIN 15, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Type.—Cat. No. 25722, U.S.N.M., from station 4957. Although this species is obviously near to bazrdi, and therefore very near Ophioconis, it is easily distinguished from these allies by the exposed radial! shields, the characteristic mouth parts and the few arm spines; the rounded tentacle scales are also different from those of bairdi. OPHIACANTHA LOPHOBRACHIA, new species.@ Disk about 44 mm. in diameter; arms about 15 mm. long. Disk completely covered with a dense coat of short spines, which are thick and of nearly uniform height. Radial shields completely concealed. Upper arm plates small, nearly triangular, somewhat wider than long, well separated. Interbrachial spaces below apparently covered like VALGERN\\ TRRAISR VII EIN > os IE) Zhi Zn WA HE Fia. 109.—OPHIACANTHA LOPHOBRACHIA. > 12. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. disk. Genital slits short but wide. Oral shield nearly triangular (madreporite, rhombic) longer than wide. Adoral plates very large, wider without where they separate oral shield from arm plate than within where they meet. Jaw terminated by a large, nearly triangu- lar tooth, the lowest of the vertical series. On each side are three oral papille, narrow and spine-like. The outermost is much the longest and is virtually a tentacle scale for the first oral tentacle, which is very large. First under arm plate hexagonal, longer than broad, widely separated from second, which is somewhat larger, pen- @ Addoc signifying ridge, and Boazéwy, signifying arm, in reference to the unusually notable ridges on the side arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 238 tagonal, and wider than long; succeeding plates pentagonal, wider than long, well separated from each other. Side arm plates short but high, meeting broadly above and below; median area of each plate elevated into a narrow, conspicuous ridge, as high as half the diameter of the arm between the ridges. Each ridge carries eight or nine straight, smooth, pointed spines, of which the middle ones are longest and a little exceed two joints. Tentacle scales three on the first two pairs of arm pores, and after that single; sharp and spine- like, nearly as long as a joint. Color (dried from alcohol), yellow- brown. Locality.— Albatross station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50’’ E., 152 fathoms, rocky; bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25536, U.S.N.M., from station 4933. This single small specimen is in ae poor condition that it is a pity to designate it as the type of a new species, but nevertheless it shows clearly such distinctive characters that no other course is open. The mouth parts (including the oral shields), the very marked ridges on which the arm spines are borne, and the very long, spine-like tentacle scales are worthy of particular mention. OPHIACANTHA BATHYBIA, new species.@ Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 70 mm. long. Disk more or less distinctly pentagonal, covered with very minute thorny stumps. Radial shields concealed but their form and position are indicated in dry specimens, through the skin; they are long, narrow, and well separated. Upper arm plates rounded triangular, tending to rhombic, somewhat swollen, about as wide as long, all but first two well separated. Interbrachial spaces below covered like the disk. Genital slits fairly large. Oral shield very much wider than long, with a somewhat rounded proximal angle and distal side only slightly convex. Adoral plates large, three times as long as wide, meeting broadly within; usually they partly inclose the oral shield, sending a branch down between it and the side arm plate; some- times, however, they are wholly proximal to the oral shield which is then in contact with the side arm plate. Oral papille three or four on a side, with sometimes an odd one at apex of jaw; outermost flat, wide, and truncate; others narrower, thicker, and more pointed. First under arm plate oblong, nearly twice as wide as long, barely in contact with second which is broadly pentagonal or triangular, very wide distally, with a somewhat curved margin; succeeding plates similar but smaller, and relatively longer, w all separated. Side arm a Babbc, signifying en and Bloc, menay ing ie in reference to the great depth at which it lives. 234 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES. NATIONAL MUSEUM. plates moderate, meeting both above and below; each plate carries half a dozen slender, sharp spines, the uppermost longest and exceed- ing three joints; the two upper spines are smooth but the lower ones are rough near the tip. Tentacle scales single, small, spiniform, and sharp. Color (dried from alcohol), whitish, ere or grayish. . Localities.—Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20’ N.; long. 136° 20’ W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°,183 specimens; station 2860, off British Columbia, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 11 specimens; station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23’ N.; long. 170° 31’ W., 1,771 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 3 specimens; _ station 4761, off Shumagin Is- lands, lat. 53°-5igo0es N. longs 159°-3i 7 We 1,973 fathoms, blue clay, bottom tempera ture 35°, 14 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. ©52° (3875 ING: long. 174° 49’ W., 1,766 fathoms, character of bottom and _ bottom temperature not ob- \ 4 ve Ohi ae % served, 117 specimens. a aa a Bathymetrical range, BN a ers 876 to 1,973. fathoms. Na? Temperature range, Ail 36.5° to, 34.9°. Three hundred and twenty- eight specimens. Z Type-—Cat. No. FIG. 110.—OPHIACANTHA BATHYBIA. X 4. a, FRoM ABovE; b, 25541, U.S aNe M.., from FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. i i idee me a Ss station 2859. Although this species has no very distinctive marks, it appears to be different from any other known member of Ophiacantha. The form and position of the adoral plates are unfortunately not abso- lutely reliable characters, but taken in connection with others may be useful. The disk covering, the upper arm plates, the arm spines, and the tentacle scales are the most important characters in that connection. The species seems to be a typically abyssal ophiuran and it is rather remarkable that it is so little differentiated from more shallow-water species. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 235 OPHIACANTHA LEUCOSTICTA, new species.a Disk 17 mm. in diameter; arms about 70 mm. long. Disk covered with a thin, uncalcified skin, which appears to be speckled with both black and white; examination with a lens shows that the black spots are due to organic tissue on the inner surface of the skin, while the white spots are due to minute, elongated calcareous granules; these granules are borne by plates which for the most: part have a diameter scarcely exceeding that of the granules, but around the radial shields they are developed into ordinary overlapping scales. Radial shields rather large, distinctly separated, the distal half exposed but bearing on the outer margin one or more elongated granules. Upper arm plates rounded, hexagonal, or elliptical, much wider than long, more Fig. 111.—OPHIACANTHA LEUCOSTICTA. XX 3. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR MIDDLE OF ARM, SEEN FROM BELOW; d, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. or less in contact with each other, at least on basal part of arm. Interbrachial space below like disk above. Genitai slits large. Oral shields somewhat rhombic, twice as wide as long. Adoral plates moderate, short and wide, hardly meeting within. Oral papille three on a side, broad, flat, rounded. Teeth very large and con- spicuous. First under arm plate hexagonal, about as long as wide; succeeding plates more or less octagonal and longer than broad, but rapidly becoming hexagonal, tetragonal, or rounded and much wider than long; the first two or three are in contact, but the succeeding plates appear to be separated by a depression; whether the side arm plates meet in this depression, or whether it is a proximal pro- @ Aevxdatextoc, signifying white-spotted, in reference to the appearance of the disk. 2936 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. longation of the under arm plates, or whether its floor is formed simply of connective tissue, is not clear from an external examina- tion of the dry specimen. Side arm plates very short and separated from each other by an area of bare, uncalcified skin, as wide as them- selves; each plate carries a conspicuous vertical ridge on which are borne seven or eight arm spines; of these the four or five uppermost are stout, smooth, and blunt, the two middle ones longest and nearly equaling two joints; the three or four lowest spines are very much smaller than the upper ones, are rough or hooked at the tip, and practically serve as tentacle-scales (see fig. 111¢). Tentacle pores very large; first one usually with no tentacle scale, but sometimes with a small one; next three pairs of pores with a single well-marked scale on the side arm plate but not on the spine-bearing ridge; beyond the fourth pair of pores, the tentacle scales are replaced by the lowest arm spines. Color (dried from alcohol), disk deep brown, finely speckled with white and black; radial shields and adjoining scales yellowish-white; arms light drab; oral surface yellowish-white, except for the brown interbrachial spaces. Locality.— Albatross station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 4 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25549 U.S.N.M., from station 4980. This remarkable ophiuran is almost certainly entitled to be the type of a new genus, the large amount of uncalcified skin and the peculiar condition of arm spines and tentacle scales furnishing good generic characters. But until Ophiacantha is more carefully revised and the limits of its component genera better understood, I think this species may well rest therein. It is not likely to be mistaken for any of the now known species of that genus. OPHIACANTHA MACRARTHRA, new species.@ Disk 2 mm. in diameter; arms about 7 mm. long. Disk covered with few coarse scales, upon which are borne some minute stumps, more or less elongated, conical, and with several terminal teeth. Radial shields hardly distinguishable from the other disk scales, closely joined. Upper arm plates minute, triangular or rhombic, widely separated. Interbrachial spaces below like disk above. Genital slits very large. Oral shield large, wider than long, distally rounded but with a proximal angle. Adoral plates large, L-shaped, meeting within and separating the oral shield from the side arm plate; oral plates rather large. Oral papille three on a side and one at apex of jaw; latter much the largest, broad, flat, pomted; outer- @ Maxpoc, signifying long, and dp@pov, signifying joint, in reference to the very long arm joints. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 237 most papilla (perhaps more properly the tentacle scale of the outer oral tentacle) very long, slender, spiniform, and acute; the other two are similar but shorter. First under arm plate very large, hexagonal, a little broader than long; second plate larger, pentagonal; much broader than long; third plate smaller than second but similar; succeeding plates similar but much smaller and tending to become squarish; all the plates are widely separated. Side arm plates very large, all but first two or three pairs much longer than high, meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries three arm spines, of which the uppermost is smooth, acute, and equals the joint, while the lower two are shorter and rough at the tip. Tentacle pores large; tentacle scale single,small, spiniform. Color (dried from alcohol), dirty- whitish. Locality.— Albatross sta- tion 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33’ 30” N.; long. 178° 44’ K.,584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foram- inifera, bottom tempera- ture 37.2°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25739, U.S.N.M., from station 4775. Although there is every indication that this speci- men is very young (except the size of the genital slits), it reveals certain characters that are so dis- tinctive it seems best to Cc : : Fig. 112.—OPHIACANTHA MACRARTHRA. XX 25. @,FROM ABOVE; give it a name. The b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. mouth parts and the un- usually long (for this family) side arm plates are quite remarkable and will make the species easy to recognize. OPHIACANTHA MEGATRETA, new species.@ Disk wanting, but judging from the scars on bases of arms, it was about 25 mm. in diameter; arms about 115 mm. long, beyond disk scars. Upper arm plates more or less rhombic, with rounded angles, a Méyac, signifying big, and zontéc, signifying pierced through; that is, with big holes, in reference to the conspicuous tentacle pores. 238 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. as long as wide (except at base of arm) or longer, overlapping or in contact on basal half of arm, but becoming separated distally. Inter- brachial space below with scales, at least near oral shield. Genital slits large. Oral shield as long as wide or longer, rounded heptagonal (in smaller specimen, oral shield rhombic with rounded angles, dis- tinetly wider than long). Adoral plates large, L-shaped, meeting within, completely separating the oral shield from side arm plate (in smaller specimen, proximal or long arm of the L more or less aborted and consequently not meeting within). Oral papille five or six on a side, thick, blunt, crowded; distal to them, and attached to adoral plate, are several small spine-like papillae, which are the tentacle scales of the huge oral tentacles (second pair). First under arm plate moderate, wider than long and_ widest eS proximally; succeeding plates hexagonal or pen- - ; tagonal, rounded distally, much wider distally than proximally, at first wider than long, but rapidly be- YZ coming much longer than : 2 ie CAPs wide; distal end somewhat \$ ~~ swollen and elevated; all ae the plates except first Wg ven two well separated from K SN each other. Side arm K plates low and moder- ately long, scarcely meet- ing above, until far out on Fia. 113.—OPHIACANTHA MEGATRETA. X 2.25. @, FROM BE- oy meeting narrowly be- LOW; b, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK; C, UPPER low; each plate carries five VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR MIDDLE OF ARM. or six long ; slender, smooth spines, of which the uppermost (or next one) is longest, equaling about two joints. Tentacle pores very large; tentacle scales none. Color (dried from alcohol), whitish. Localities.— Albatross station 4969, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 587 fathoms, brown mud, sand, stones, bottom temperature 38.9°, 1 specimen; station 4979, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25596, U.S.N.M., from station 4969. It is both remarkable and unfortunate that the two specimens of this interesting species should have completely lost the disk. But NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 239 there is no question of their close relationship to O. bartletti Lyman, and they therefore belong in Verrill’s genus Ophiopora, which I believe is probably a very natural group. The only important dif- ferences between bartletti and megatreta, which these damaged speci- mens show, is in the shape of the upper arm plates and in the number of arm spines. Possibly perfect specimens will show differences in the disk. OPHIOLEBES ASAPHES, new species.a ‘Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long. Disk more or less completely covered with rough unequal granules or low stumps. Radial shields long, narrow, well separated, partly bare (along the middle) or wholly con- cealed, their position more or less clearly indi- cated. Upper arm plates rounded, the first two or three wider than long, the others roughly circular; they are well separated from each other, but the side arm plates do not meet be- tween them; in many places, though not nec- essarily on all arms, sup- plementary plates ap- pear between the upper arm plates; when these are not present the space is occupied by uncalcified tissue. In- c terbrachial spaces below Fic. 114.—OPHIOLEBES ASAPHES. X 6. 4, oe Sever, . FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. covered with scales, upon which a few of the rough granules are borne. Genital slits short and narrow. Oral shield rounded rhombic, very much wider than long. Adoral plates large but poorly defined, wider without than within, where they do not quite meet. Oral papille three on a side, short, blunt. All the mouth parts are more or less covered by a thick skin, which obscures their outlines even when dry. First under arm plate large, wider than long and wider within than dis- tally; second and third plates somewhat pentagonal, with distal side notched, wider than long; succeeding plates somewhat kidney-shaped, @ Agadic, signifying indistinct, in reference to the indistinctness of many of the plates. 240 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wider than long; all the under arm plates are well separated from each other, and the side arm plates nearly or quite meet between them. The lower surface of the arm is, like the mouth parts, covered by a skin which obscures the outlines of the plates and makes it very hard to see the sutures. Side arm plates low but rather long, meeting below but not above; each plate carries five short, thick, smooth, blunt spines, of which the uppermost is longest, and slightly exceeds a joint. Tentacle pores minute; tentacle scales, none; the pores are protected by the lower end of the arm spine ridge and the spines which it bears. Color (dried from alcohol), reddish, yellowish, or grayish-brown. Localities.—Albatross station 5018, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 41’ 30” N.; long. 143° 57’ 40’ E., 100 fathoms, brown mud, black stones, peb- bles, bottom temperature 30.4°, 2 specimens; station 5037, off the Hokkaido, lat. 42° 2’ 40’’ N.; long. 142° 33’ 20’’ E., 175 to 349 fath- oms, bottom temperature 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 5049, off Kinkwa San Light, lat. 38° 12’ N.; long. 142° 2’ E., 182 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.8°, 9 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 100 to 349 fathoms. Temperature range 37.9° to 30.4°. Thirteen specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25738, U.S.N.M., from station 5018. Although this species is related to O. scorteus Lyman it differs so much in its larger upper and under arm plates, its shorter arms, and its more slender, less blunt, arm spines, that the two can not be con- fused. Many of the specimens from station 5049 are clinging tightly to starfishes (Henricia); one starfish, only 42 mm. from tip to tip, is tightly grasped over the disk and base of the arms by three speci- mens of Ophiolebes. It would be interesting to know whether this is a normal or accidental association. Aside from the differences in color the chief individual diversity is shown in the amount of exposure of the radial shields; they are sometimes visible for nearly their whole length, but in the type they are wholly concealed and other specimens are intermediate. OPHIOLEBES BRACHYGNATHA, new species.@ Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 40 mm. long. Disk covered by numerous rough, low, pointed stumps. Radial shields more or less exposed, long, very narrow, parallel, and widely separated. Upper arm plates tetragonal, with distal side somewhat curved, and much longer than proximal; they are well separated and between them ap- pear squarish supplementary plates of much smaller size. Inter- brachial spaces below much like disk above, but scaling shows more distinctly. Genital slits short but wide. Oral shields small, rhombic, wider than long. Adoral plates rather large, curved, hardly meeting @ Boaydc, signifying short, and ;vaboc, signifying jaw, in reference to the unusually short, wide jaws. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 241 within. Oral plates small and so nearly parallel with adorals that the jaw is somewhat rounded and projects very little. Oral papille four on a side and usually an infradental one at apex of jaw; the papillz are thick and blunt, and the outermost is clearly the largest. First under arm plate very large, somewhat rounded, hexagonal, wider than long; second plate somewhat larger, pentagonal, widest distally; succeeding plates more rounded, soon becoming elliptical and then onger than broad, and ultimately long pentagonal with distal end rounded; all the under arm plates are more or less separated from \ 4 0 Ip LOIS BN IRA WPM FASS Pee a sae UV Wi ee Fig. 115.—OPHIOLEBES BRACHYGNATHA. XX 5. @,FROM ABOVE; 0,FROM BELOW; c,SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. each other except the first two. Side arm plates moderate, not meet- ing above and only slightly so below; each plate carries seven or eight stout, blunt arm spines; upper two longest, exceeding joint, smooth; next two similar, but distinctly smaller; lowest three or four very much smaller, somewhat flattened, and with rough tips; they lie more or less appressed to lower surface of arm, pointing distally and in- ward. Tentacle pores small, first pair with a more or less prominent spiniform tentacle scale; a few other pores may have minute tentacle scales, but as a rule the scales are completely replaced functionally by the lowest arm spines. Color (dried from alcohol), light yellowish. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——16 242 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Localities.—Albatross station 4803, off Simushir Island, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long. 151° 45’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen; station 4804, off Simushir Island, lat. 46° 42’ N.; long.151° 47’ E., 229 fathoms, coarse pebbles, black sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 3 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25592, U.S.N.M., from station 4804. This species is in its proportions much like vestitus, but it is not very near that species. The disk spinules, the arm spines, and the jaws furnish its most distinctive features. OPHIOLEBES PACHYBACTRA, new species.a Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long, probably. Disk covered with coarse scales, many of which bear stout club- Fig. 116.—OPHIOLEBES PACHYBACTRA, X 4.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. shaped spines, which are much thicker at the tip than at the base. Radial shields moderate, roughly triangular, in contact distally but widely separated within. Upper arm plates triangular or rhombic, much wider than long, well separated from each other. Interbrachial spaces below covered by scales somewhat smaller than those of disk. Genital slits very large. Oral shields small, rounded rhombic, * Haybc, signifying thick, and Baxtpov, signifying club, in reference to the very thick, club-like lower arm spines. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 243 wider than long. Adoral plates each about as large as oral shield, roughly pentagonal, twice as long as wide; oral plates rather large. Oral papille, three on a side and one at apex of jaw, rather thick and club-shaped. First under arm plate small, wider than long; second plate somewhat triangular, nearly as long as wide; succeeding plates more pentagonal or hexagonal, as long as wide or longer; all the plates, except the first two, are well separated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting above and below; each plate carries six stout arm spines, of which the uppermost is longest and exceeds two joints; three lowest spines thickened and deeply notched (ver- tically) at tip, so that each one ends in two or three blunt points. Tentacle pores small; tentacle scales single, flat, smooth, rounded. Color (dried from alcohol), dirty yellowish-white. Locality.— Albatross station 4784, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ 40’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat No. 25737, U.S.N.M., from station 4784. This species is so unlike any of the preceding or any of the previ- ously known species that it can not be confused with them, but it is very near the following species (tylota), with which it was taken, and more abundant material may show that it is not specifically distinct. OPHIOLEBES TYLOTA, new species.a Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 40 mm. long. Disk covered with coarse scales, many of which bear stout, blunt spines; these spines are thickest near base and are sometimes imperfectly divided - or slightly branched. Radial shields triangular, in contact at inner distal angle but widely separated within. Upper arm plates rhombic, basal ones more or less rounded, about as long as wide, well separated from each other. Interbrachial spaces below much like disk above. Genital slits rather small. Oral shields rather small, rounded rhombic, very much wider than long. Adoral plates meaty, as large, about twice as long as wide; oral plates well developed. Gaal papille, three on a side and one i apex of jaw, long, thick, and blunt. First under arm plate squarish; second plate much larger, some- what pentagonal, longer than wide; succeeding plates rapidly becom- ing wider than long, with distal margin curved and notched at the middle; all plates except first two separated from each other, though not always distinctly. Side arm plates large, meeting above, but not below, at base of arm; each plate carries six stout arm spines, of which the uppermost is longest and nearly equal to three joints; lower ones rough at tip and sometimes thickened and _ slightly notched. Tentacle pores moderate; tentacle scale single, flat, some- what elongated, smooth, rounded at tip. Color (dried from alcohol), whitish, yellow, dirty brownish, or r bright brown. @ Tvlwtéc, signifying Webbed: in reference to the thick ae spines and lowest arm spines. 244 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Localities.—Albatross station 3599, Bermg Sea, lat. 52° 5’ N.; long. 177° 40’ E., 55 fathoms, rocky, fine sand, shells, 56 specimens; station 3785, Bering Sea, north of Rat Islands, 270 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4771, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ N.; long. 179° 17’ E., 426 fathoms, broken shells, 2 specimens; station 4781, off Agattu Island, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 22 specimens; station 4782, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ N.; long. 173° 27’ E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rocks, gravel, 2 specimens; station 4784, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ K., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 14 specimens; station 4809, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 18’ N.; long. 140° 8’ 40” E., 90 to 207 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, broken shells, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 55 to 482 fathoms. Sinn, nh f Ra) Wy Fic. 117.—OPHIOLEBES TYLOTA. X 5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Temperature range, ¢ to 38.6°. One hundred and one specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25726, U.S.N.M., from station 3599. The characteristic disk-covering and arm spines are quite sufficient to distinguish this from any of the other species, but it must be con- fessed that the preceding species (pachybactra) is very closely related. The differences shown by the arm spines are of degree rather than of kind, but I find it hard to believe that the same is true of the disk spines. Possibly pachybactra is a ‘‘mutant” from tylota. The specimens from station 4809 are almost exactly like those from station 3785, but have the disk spines much shorter than in the type. It is remarkable that this species should have been taken so far south as at station 4809, and one can not avoid suspecting the label. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 245 OPHIOLEBES DIAPHORA, new species.« Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered by thick, rounded plates of variable size, upon and among which are scattered numerous coarse, rounded granules, which are largest around the radial shields. Radial shields large, oval, widely sep- arated from each other. Upper arm plates rhombic, about as long as wide. Interbrachial spaces below covered by rounded plates and granules like those of disk. Genital slits inconspicuous. Oral shields very small, rounded pentagonal, about as long as wide. Adoral plates twice as long as wide; oral plates moderate; all of these plates about the mouth are indistinct, due to the skin which covers them. Oral papille four on a side’ and one at apex of jaw; thick and rounded, or pointed at tip; outermost papilla much the largest. First under arm plate small, thick, squarish, or rounded; succeeding plates thick and swollen and poorly defined, on account of the skin covering. They seem to be wider than long, but their exact shape is hard to determine; all but the first two seem to be separated from each other. Side arm plates moderate, meeting slightly above but not below, somewhat thick and _ swol- ; C len. Each plate carries five ¥4¢.118.—OrHoLEBESDIAPHORA. X 4.5. @,FROM ABOVE; to seven short, thick, blunt b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR . . DISK. spines, of which the up- permost or next lower is longest and equals a joint and a_ half; lower spines short and very stout, with rough, prickly tips; lowest spine may be almost spherical. Tentacle pores small; tentacle scale single, large, rounded, but rough at tip. Color (dried from alcohol), yellowish or yellowish-brown. Localities —Albatross station 3599, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 5’ N.; long. 177° 40’ E., 55 fathoms, rocky, fine sand, shells, 4 specimens; station 4779, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 57’ W., 54 to 56 fathoms, a Acahopoc, signifying different. 246 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broken shells, pebbles, sand, 2 specimens; station 4781, off Agattu Island, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 8 specimens; station 4784, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ H., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 7 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 54 to 482 fathoms. Temperature range, ? to 38.6°. Twenty-one specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25721, U.S.N.M., from station 3599. Although the type of this species comes from the same station where that of tylota was taken, the two species are so unlike they can not be confused. Specimens of diaphora show great diversity in the number of disk granules and arm spines, in the size and form of the radial shields, which may be quite small and indistinct in Fig. 119.—OPHIOLEBES PAUCISPINA. X 7. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. small specimens, and in the degree to which the plates and the lower arm spines are swollen, but their identification is rarely diffi- cult. Young specimens might, however, be confused with the next species, owing to their having only four or five arm spines and few disk granules. OPHIOLEBES PAUCISPINA, new species.a Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arms about 22 mm. long. Disk covered with coarse, thick scales, some of which bear rounded granules. Radial shields moderate, rounded, well separated from each other. Upper arm plates thick and more or less swollen, rounded, triangular or rhombic; except first two, separated from each other. Inter- a Pauci, signifying few, and spinus, signifying a spine, in reference to the small number of arm spines. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 247 brachial spaces below covered by coarse scales. Genital slits large. Oral shields rhombic, wider than long. Adoral plates thick, about twice as long as wide; oral plates small. Oral papille, three on a side and one at apex, thick and blunt, outermost largest. Under arm plates tetragonal, much wider than long, the distal margin with more or less of a median notch; well separated from each other. Side arm plates large and somewhat swollen, meeting above and below. Each plate carries four short, thick, smooth arm spines, of which the uppermost or next lower is the longest, and hardly exceeds a joint. Tentacle pores minute or wanting; tentacle scale single, large, thick, rounded or bluntly pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), yellowish-brown. . Localitves.— Albatross station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 2 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 26 specimens; station 4781, off Agattu Island, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25620, U.S.N.M., from station 3480. . There is an excellent series of this species, showing a range in disk diameter from 4 to 10 mm. All the specimens agree in number and character of arm spines, so that this may well be considered the distinguishing mark of the species. Small specimens of diaphora, with only four or five arm spines, are hard to separate from pau- cispina, though the thicker granulation of the disk and the shape of the under arm plates will usually distinguish them. The adults can not be confused. OPHIOLEBES BREVISPINA, new species. a Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long. Disk covered with thick, irregular, overlapping scales, showing no very definite arrangement and without granules or spines. Radial shields moder- ate, rounded, widely separated. Upper arm plates rounded, swollen, much wider than long, nearly or quite in contact on basal half of arm. Interbrachial spaces below, covered by thick scales. Genital slits short. Oral shields rhombic or pentagonal, about as long as wide. Adoral plates short and very wide, with inner ends rounded; oral plates large. Oral papille three on a side and one at apex of jaw, rounded or pointed at tip, outermost largest. Under arm plates tetragonal or pentagonal, wider than long, all but first two widely separated from each other. Side arm plates large, more or less swollen, meeting below and nearly or quite meeting above; each plate @ Brevis, signifying short, and spinus, signifying a spine, in reference to the very short arm spines. 248 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. carries three or four small, very stout, blunt spines, of which the next to the lowest is longest, but scarcely equals half a joint. Tentacle pores apparently wanting, but tentacle scales well developed, single, thick and blunt or pointed. Color (dried from alcohol), yellowish- brown. Locality — Albatross station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 22 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25736, U.S.N.M., from station 3480. It is a curious coinci- dence that we should have here another case of a new species of Ophi- olebes from the same sta- tion as its nearest rela- tive, the type of O. pauci- spina having come from station 3480. There does not seem to be any room for doubt, however, that the two species are really distinct, for the differ- ences in disk covering and in arm spines are very marked and appear to be perfectly constant. on oy hs \' The foregoing seven com, Nd Ce Rhee species deserve a word of RED TEER comment, as they form quite a homogeneous group, apparently char- acteristic of the Aleutian < a Island region and north- ern Japan. The two Fig. 120.—OPHIOLEBES BREVISPINA. @, YOUNG SPECIMEN, FROM ° ABOVE, X 8. 0b, ADULT, FROM ABOVE, X 6. C, FROM BE- Japanese Species are Low, X 6. d, ples VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS OF ADULT easily distinguished from el the others by thelong and narrow radial shields. It is somewhat remarkable that none of the Aleutian species extends southward on the American coast. All of the species have the plates more or less covered by skin, but the extent to which they are obscured varies with the individual. As the drawings and descriptions have been made from dried specimens, little attention has been paid to this character. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 2%49 OPHIOPHRURA, new genus.@ Disk covered with a smooth coat of fine scales, entirely concealing the radial shields; oral tentacle scales very long and conspicuous; tentacle scales of arm numerous, three or four guarding each pore; otherwise as in Ophiacantha. Type-species.—Ophiophrura liodisca. Although obviously related to Ophiacantha, the following species is so well characterized it seems to me best to make it the type of a new genus. The smooth, finely scaled disk, without an external hint of radial shields, looks very different from any Ophiacantha I have seen, while the very long spine-like scales at the distal ends of the mouth slits and the numerous tentacle scales give the oral surface an equally characteristic appearance. Fig. 121.—OPHIOPHRURA LIODISCA. XX 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. OPHIOPHRURA LIODISCA, new species.? Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 to 25 mm. long, probably. Disk covered with a smooth coat of very fine scales which entirely conceal the radial shields. Upper arm plates rhomboidal with distal angle rounded, about as long as wide; basal ones nearly or quite in contact, but middle and distal ones well separated. Interbrachial spaces below covered like disk by fine scales. Genital slits large. Oral shields pentagonal, nearly as long as wide, disto-lateral sides concave. Adoral plates narrow and meeting within, broad without and separating oral shield from first side arm plate; oral plates long and narrow. Oral papilla numerous, nine or ten on a side, of which @” Odo and ¢poupd, signifying a guard, in reference to the numerous tentacle scales. b Afoc, signifying smooth, and déoxoc, signifying disk, in reference to the absence of all spines and granules from the disk. 250 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the three distalmost are long, flat, pointed spines, serving as oral tentacle scales; remaining six or seven, small, narrow, and sharp. (The contrast between the inner and outer oral papiile is not quite so. abrupt as appears in fig. 1210.) First under arm plate small, thimble- shaped, longer than wide; succeeding plates hexagonal or heptagonal, longer than wide, more or less in contact. (The change in form in the under arm plates in fig. 1216, by which they become wider than ~ long, is a mistake.) Side arm plates moderate, meeting narrowly or not at all above, and not at all below; each plate carries four flat- tened, hollow, fragile, bluntly pointed arm spines, of which the uppermost is longest and nearly equals two joints. Tentacle pores large, each one protected by three or four sharp, spiniform scales, of which one is on the under, the others on the side, arm plate. Color (dried from alcohol), disk grayish, arms and oral surface dirty whitish. Locality.—Albatross station 5079, off Omai Saki Light, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25672, U.S.N.M., from station 5079. It is unfortunate that only a single specimen of this interesting species is in the collection. It will not go into any of Verrill’s sub- divisions of Ophiacantha, nor into any of the related genera. OPHIURASEBES, new genus.4 Disk composed of five radial wedge-shaped divisions, each of which is covered by a pair of large radial shields, the primary radial plate and two or three high rounded granules between the radial shields; the primary central and interradial plates are also well marked. Mouth parts and arms much as in Ophiolebes. Ty pe-species.—O phioceramis (%) obstricta Lyman. That Lyman was in doubt as to the true relationships of this species is evident from the question mark with which he wrote the generic name. It seems to me that its relationships are with Ophio- lebes, rather than with the Ophiolepidide, for it agrees with that genus in its habits and arm structure very closely. But the differ- ence in the disk is so marked, a new genus seems to be necessary. Keehler’s Ophiogyptis is, I think, nearly related, but the under sur- face of the arms in that genus is quite different. OPHIURASES OBSTRICTUS. Ophioceramis (?) obstricta Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 5, 1878, p. 124. Localities.— Albatross station 4890, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 26’ 30’ N.; long. 128° 36’ 30’” E., 135 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature @’Odcovoa and ojc, signifying moth, in reference to the fanciful resemblance to a thick-bodied moth at rest, of the radial wedges which compose the disk (fig. 122a). NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 25] he 52.3°, 1 specimen; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50” K., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 1 specimen; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30’’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 95 to 135 fathoms. Temperature range, 60.6° to 52.3°. Six specimens. Comparison of these individuals with a cotype of Lyman’s in the Museum of Comparative Zodédlogy collection leaves no room for doubt that they are identical. The Albatross specimens were taken clinging to sponges, hydroids, and corals, so that their habits seem to resemble those of Ophiolebes and some allied genera. As the figures given in the Challenger Ophiuroidea % do not agree either with Fig. 122.—OPHIURASES OBSTRICTUS. X 10. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. : Lyman’s description or with any of the specimens before me, it seems best to give new figures of this interesting little species. If I did not have a Challenger cotype for comparison, I should not criticise Lyman’s figures, but should suppose I had a different species. As it is, I think Lyman’s fig. 2 is erroneous in having the radial shields separated interradially, as well as radially by squarish plates, and his fig. 1 has the under arm plates very different from any specimen I have seen. In the figures given herewith the real appearance of both surfaces may be seen. It might be suggested that Lyman’s figures were drawn from a larger and more mature specimen than those here given, but he gives the disk diameter as 4 mm. and does not speak of any larger specimens. He refers to the first under arm plate as ‘rounded and conspicuous;”’ it is not so in any of the spec- a Plate 11, figs. 1-3. 252 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. imens before me. He calls the arm spines ‘‘blunt,’’ while they seem to me to be unusually sharp. He says the “color in alcohol”’ is ‘pale brown;” all the specimens before me have the radial shields and bands on the arms grayish, the rest of the animal whitish; the degree of contrast varies much in different specimens, but is usually very slight. OPHIOLOGIMUS, new genus.4 Disk covered by a fine coat of scales, more or less concealed by thin skin; both skin and scales extend out on base of arms. No visi- ble radial shields. Upper and under arm plates well developed. Ten- tacle scales present. Oral papillae numerous, but arm spines few. Type-species.—O phiologimus hexactis. This genus may be defined as Ophioscolex with well-developed upper arm plates, a definition used by Lyman for Ophiotoma. Ophiolo- gimus differs from Ophiotoma very markedly, however, not only in Fig. 123.—OPHIOLOGIMUS HEXACTIS. X 10. @, FROM ABOVE; 0, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. disk covering but especially in the presence of well-developed tentacle scales. OPHIOLOGIMUS HEXACTIS, new species. Disk 5 mm. in diameter; arms, siz, about 20 mm. long. Disk covered by a close coat of fine scales, more or less concealed by skin. No visible radial shields. Bases of arms covered like disk. Upper arm plates thin but well developed, rhombic with distal angle rounded, longer than wide, more or less overlapping. Interbrachial spaces below covered by skin, which contains, peripherally, scattered scales. Genital slits rather small. Oral shields rounded triangular, wider than long. Adoral plates large, three times as long as wide, meeting broadly within and separating oral shield from first under arm plate without; oral plates indistinct. Oral papille numerous, very small, thin and truncate; outer ones largest. First under arm plate pen- a” Odeo and Méyzwoc, signifying worthy of mention, remarkable. b° EE, signifying six, and dxtéc, signifying ray, in reference to the number of arms. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 253 tagonal; succeeding plates pentagonal, quickly becoming tetragonal, with distal side convex; all are longer than wide and more or less fully in contact. Side arm plates small, not meeting either above or below; each plate carries three hollow, flat, smooth, bluntly pointed, subequal arm spines, about as long as a joint. Tentacle pores large, each one guarded by two flat, thin, rounded, subequal scales. Color (dried from alcohol), pale brown or dirty whitish. Locality.—Albatross station 3749, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 83 to 158 fathoms, black sand, shells, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25724, U.S.N.M., from station 3749. It is a great pity that the Fisheries steamer Albatross, in her later, more extensive collecting around Japan, failed to meet with this species again. It resembles an Ophioscolex, but the upper arm plates are so well marked and the two tentacle scales so distinct and regular, it will not be confused with any known species of that genus. OPHIOSTYRACIUM, new genus.4 Disk covered with a bare skin, upon which are scattered some small thin, roundish plates, a few of which bear a single sharp-pointed spine each. Radial shields evident, long, diverging, each with a conspicuous spike-like spine on its proximal end. No upper arm plates or tentacle seales. Oral papille and arm spines few. Type species —O phiostyracium trachyacanthum. This is another relative of Ophioscolex, but is at once distinguished from that genus by the large radial shields and the spike-like disk spines. OPHIOSTYRACIUM TRACHYACANTHOUM, new species. ? Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 25 mm. long. Disk covered with a thin skin, on which are scattered a few thin, indistinct scales, the more conspicuous of which carry long, sharp spines. Radial shields large, thick, three times as long as wide, rounded at the ends, hearly or quite touching distally but diverging widely within. Each shield carries near its proximal end a very large, sharp, spike-like spine. Upper arm plates wanting. Interbrachial space below bare. Genital slits very large. Oral shield rounded pentagonal, wider than long, with disto-lateral sides concave. Adoral plates very large, meeting broadly within, and separating oral shield from side arm plates without; oral plates and oral tentacle pores conspicuous. Oral papille spiniform, three on a side and one at apex of jaw; distal- most smallest, short, rounded, looking as though it arose from first under arm plate, below oral tentacle pore. First under arm plate roundish; succeeding plates tetragonal, with rounded corners, and a” Odzo and ozupdxeov, signifying a small spike, in reference to the spike-like spines on the disk. 6 Tpaydc, signifying rough, and dxava, signifying spine, in reference to the rough arm spines. 254 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. after the third well separated and with very indistinct outlines. Side arm plates rather large, not quite meeting either above or below; each plate carries three solid, flattened, serrate or rough, bluntly pointed arm spines, of which the middle one is longest and slightly exceeds a joint; base of spine white and opaque, like side arm plate, but remainder glassy. Tentacle pores very large, but no tentacle scales. Color (dried from alcohol), disk dark greenish, radial shields pure white, arms and oral surface, whitish. Locality — Albatross station 4919, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 34’ N.; Fig. 124.—OPHIOSTYRACIUM TRACHYACANTHUM. x 9. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. long. 129° 19’ 30’ E., 440 fathoms, globigerina ooze, pottom tem- perature 41.8°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25733, U.S.N.M., from station 4919. This individual is well preserved and its remarkable features stand out distinctly, so that one wishes more than usually that a good series were available. OPHIOSCHIZA, new genus. 4 Disk covered with irregular plates and large radial shields. Upper arm plates wanting, except one or two rudimentary ones at base of "Odeo and oxéfa, signifying crack, slit, in reference to the single genital slit in each interradius. ae NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 255 arm. Oral shields wanting, except in one interradius. Under arm plates numerous, forming an irregular pavement. No tentacle scales. Arm spines reduced in number and size, with hooked tip. Genital slit single in each interradius, just distal to adoral plates. Type-species.—O phioschiza monacantha. This is one of the most remarkable ophiurans in the collection, the combination of a well-scaled disk, with the absence of upper arm plates and oral shields and the presence of hooked arm spines being most unusual, while the occurrence of a single genital slit in each interbrachial space is certainly unique. The relationships of such a _ strange form are most obscure but it is almost certain that it does not belong here. The tips of the arms are spirally coiled as in Asteronyx and its allies and I am in- clined to think that Ophio- schiza is probably one of the Cladophiure. OPHIOSCHIZA MONACANTIHBA, new species.a Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 20 mm. long. Disk flat, covered with a coat of coarse scales, of which two in each interra- dius are larger than the others. Radial shields very large, twice as long as broad, separated from each other by a narrow strip of small scales. Upper arm plates C wanting save for ome OF Fie. 125.—Ormoscui7A MONACANTHA. X 9. a, FROM ABOVE; two rudimentary ones at b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR very base of arm. Inter- ras brachial spaces below covered with bare skin but entirely sur- rounded by coarse scales. Genital slit, short, oblong, placed trans- versely in proximal angle of interbrachial space. Oral shields wanting except in one interradius, where a rudimentary one much wider than long lies proximal to genital slit. Adoral plates large and distinct, hardly twice as long as wide, meeting broadly within; oral plates moderate but oral tentacle pores very large. Oral papille rudimentary, three or four on a side. First under arm plate large, pentagonal, longer than wide; succeeding plates broken up into an irregular pavement, the component parts of which are 4 Mévog signifying single, and dxavOa, signifying spine, in reference to the single arm spine. 256 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. more or less indistinct. Side arm plates very low, rounded, each with a single, short blunt spine, not one-third as long as joint; under the microscope this spine is seen to have the hook-shape so character- istic of Cladophiure. Tentacle pores distinct, but tentacle scales entirely wanting. Color (dried from alcohol), pale yellowish. Locality.— Albatross station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25735, U.S.N.M., from station 3480. Further material of this interesting ophiuran will be necessary before its real relationships can be positively determined. ‘There is a possibility that the type-specimen is immature. The single oral shield present may very likely be the madreporite. Family OPHIOCOMID. OPHIOMASTIX MIXTA. Ophiomastiz mixta LirKen, Add. Hist. Oph., pt. 3, 1869, p. 44. Locality —Tanegashima, Japan, 1 specimen. Although this species was described forty years ago, it has never Fig. 126.—OPHIOMASTIX MIXTA. 3. @, FROM ABOVE; }b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK, been figured, so it seems worth while to illustrate its principal features here. The specimen before me has three tentacle scales on each of the basal arm pores, but this is not characteristic of the species. OPHIOCOMA BREVIPES. Ophiocoma brevipes Perers, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 18 (1), 1852, p. 85. Locality.—Tanegashima, Japan, 1906, 6 specimens. The disk diameter of these individuals ranges from 8 to 27 mm. The smallest has some white markings near the disk margin but the others are uniformly blackish above. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 257 OPHIOCOMA ERINACEA. Ophiocoma erinaceus MULLER and Troscuet, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 98. Locality — Kagoshima Bay, Japan, 1 specimen. The disk diameter of this specimen is 23 mm. and the upper arm spines are remarkably long, 8 to 10 mm. The specific name has always been written erinaceus, but there seems to be no good reason why it should not conform in gender to the generic name. _ OPHIOPTERIS PAPILLOSA. Ophiocoma papillosa Lyman, Il. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, pt. 2, 1875. p. 11. Locality.—Monterey, California, 8 to 12 fathoms, 3 specimens. There seems to be no question that this species is congeneric with O. antipodum, although it has hitherto been left in Ophiocoma. The specimens before me are about 13 mm. across the disk and light brown in color, the arms faintly banded with darker. Family OPHIOTHRICIDA. OPHIOTHRIX CILIARIS. Ophiura ciliaris LAMARCK, Anim. s. Vert,, vol. 2, 1816, p. 545. Ophiothrix ciliaris Miter and TroscHet, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 114. Locality.—Kobe, Japan, 8 fathoms, 1 specimen. This is one of the Challenger specimens, identified doubtfully by Lyman as ciliaris. It is unlike that species in certain characters, and I suspect it is probably a form of koreana. OPHIOTHRIX KOREANA. Ophiothrix koreana Duncan, Jour. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), vol. 14, 1879, p. 473. Localities— Albatross station 3656, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 11.5 fathoms, green mud, sand, 1 specimen; station 3657, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 13.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 2 specimens; station 3659, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 15.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3661, Gulf of Tokyo, Japan, 169 fathoms, mud, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 3698, off Manazuru Zaki, Japan, 153 fathoms, green mud, volcanic ashes, sand, 9 specimens; station 3702, off Seno Umi, Japan, 31 to 41 fathoms, volcanic mud, sand, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3704, off Seno Umi, Japan, 94 to 150 fathoms, fine volcanic sand, 2 specimens; station 3707, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, volcanic sand, ashes, gravel, 20 specimens; station 3713, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 45 to 48 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3716, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 65 to 125 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 4 specimens; station 3717, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 63 to 100 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 10 specimens; station 3720, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 63 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, 2 specimens; 34916°—Bull. 75—11——17 258 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. station 3725, off Noma Saki, Japan, 13 fathoms, sand, shells, gravel, 2 specimens; station 3730, off Omai Zaki, Japan, 34 to 37 fathoms, mud, gravel, rocks, 6 specimens; station 3741, off Ose Zaki, Japan, 63 to 68 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, pebbles, 5 specimens; station 3752, off Suno Saki, Japan, 54 to 100 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 12 specimens; station 3755, off Suno Saki, Japan, 52 to 77 fathoms, gray sand, coral, 3 specimens; station 3756, off Suno Saki, Japan, 50 to 77 fathoms, rotten coral, 4 specimens; station 3757, off Suno Saki, Japan, 41 to 50 fathoms, coarse coral sand, gravel, 1 specimen; station 3758, off Suno Saki, Japan, 52 to 73 fathoms, blue clay, rocks, 2 specimens; station 3764, off Suno Saki, Japan, 44 to 50 fathoms, fine gravel, broken shells, 7 specimens; station 4807, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 36’ 12’’ N.; long. 140° 36’ E., 44 to 47 fathoms, shells, coarse gravel, 1 specimen; station 4808, Sea of Japan, lat. 41° 35’ 50’’ N.; long. 140° 36’ 45’ K., 47 fathoms, sand, shells, coarse gravel, 3 speci- mens; station 4816, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 14’ N.; long. 138° 54’ E., 64 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 51.7°, 2 specimens; station 4826, Sea of Japan, lat. 37° 25’ N.; long. 137° 32’ E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 42.5°, 3 specimens; station 4832, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30’ E., 76 to 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, bottom tempera- ture 53.2°, 5 specimens; station 4833, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 13’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 56’ 30’’ E., 79 fathoms, dark gray sand, rocks, bottom temperature 53.2°, 66 specimens; station 4842, coast of Korea, lat. 36° 13’ N.; long. 133° 27’ E., 82 fathoms, fine gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 54.6°, 6 specimens; station 4875, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 19’ N.; long. 130° 9’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, 6 specimens; station 4876, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 20’ N.; long. 130° 10’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 27 specimens; station 4877, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 20’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 11’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, 11 specimens; station 4878, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 18’ 30’ N.; long. 130° 14’ 30’’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, 5 specimens; station 4885, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 30’’ N.; long. 129° 30’ 15’’ K., 53 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, 3 specimens; station 4888, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 26’ N.; long. 129° 27’ 30’ E., 71 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4891, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ N.; long. 128° 34’ E., 181 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 2 specimens; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32°32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 106 fathoms, eray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 33 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ K., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 3 speci- mens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 259 station 4900, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 28’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40”’ E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52. 9°, 14 specimens; station 4901, Eastern = lat. 32° 30’ 10’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’’ E., 139 Ponds gray sand, broken shells, 5 specimens; station 4902, gaéern Sea, lat. 32° 30’ 50’’ N.; long. 128° 34’ 40’ EK. 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 3 specimens; station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 26 specimens; station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50’’ E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen; station 4934, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, ee 2 specimens; station 4937, Kagoshima Gar lata, sho 13" INE: Tone: 130° 43’ 10’’ E., 58 fathoms, mud, lava, aabeiee. bottom eee ture 64.8°, 32 specimens; station 4946, off southern Japan, lat. _ 31° 29’ 10’’ N.; long. 130° 34’ 30’’ E., 39 fathoms, brown sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 68.7°, 1 specimen; sta- tion 4947, off southern Japan, lat. 31° 28’ 20’’ N.; long. 130° 35’ 307” B., 51 Gnomes 1 specimen; station 5055, Suruga Gulf, lat. 34° 53’ N.; te 138° 44’ 15”’ E., 124 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, BOLDIN: temperature 56.6°, 2 snide Station 5068, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 2’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° AGL bo Wie a7 to. 13h fathoms, black sand, broken ahaa, bottom temperature 63°, 1 speci- men; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom oe ture 55.8°, 11 specimens; station 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’’ E., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 8 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 10’’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 12’’ E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, ee sicidee ye 47.6°, 6 specimens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 50’’ N.; long. 139° a8’ 138’? Hs 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom peers 56.3°, 3 speci- mens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3’ 15’’ N.; long. 139° 37’ 42’’ K., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 1 specimen; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4’ 42” N.; long. 139° 38’ 20’ E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, 5 specimens; station 5095, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 5’ 34’ N.; long. 139° 38’ 36’’ E., 58 fathoms, fine black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.8°, 14 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 114 to 302 fathoms. Temperature range, 68.7° to 42.5°. Four hundred and eleven specimens. There is no doubt that this is a most variable species and these specimens ranging in disk diameter from 3 to 17 mm., reveal it to a remarkable degree. They vary in color, in abundance and _ size of disk stumps and spines, in slenderness of arm spines and in degree to which radial shields are bare, and extremes in any one of these 260 BULLETIN 5, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. points may agree well in others. Few of the specimens answer to Duncan’s description of the color, but the majority have the longi- tudinal white stripe on upper side of arm more or less distinct. Greenish, whitish, gray, and brown tints are more common than red in dried specimens. The arms are often banded with light and dark shades. The radial shields are usually bare, but are often partly, and sometimes wholly covered with the more or less trifid stumps. In some specimens there are no spines on the disk, only the trifid stumps; in others the disk spines are more numerous than the stumps, and the latter are occasionally very few. The relative length of the thorns and the base, of the stumps, and the degree to Fig. 127.—OPHIOTHRIX KOREANA. X 3. @, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. which the thorns are united to each other by membrane vary greatly. In some specimens the stumps are practically wanting and the disk spines very long and crowded; these specimens are so different from typical koreana that I attempted to separate them as a distinct species but connecting links are too numerous to permit one to follow that course. The arm spines are usually slender and some- what tapering, not rarely almost acicular though rough, but they are sometimes stouter and very blunt; occasionally they are flattened; the lowest forms a hook, as described by Duncan, but this very inconspicuous feature is not at all diagnostic, for the same structure occurs to a greater or less degree in many species of Ophiothriz. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 261 The largest specimen (fig. 127) has almost no trifid stumps, but numerous rough disk spines of very variable length. In fig. 128a is shown one of the most interesting varieties, a specimen from station 5055; in this individual the disk stumps have very long thorns, usually only two, and these are united to each other by a membrane; there are no disk spines; the arm spines are unusually slender and the upper arm plates are unusually long, somewhat Fia. 128.—OPHIOTHRIX KOREANA. 4, PART OF SPECIMEN FROM STATION 5055, FROM ABOVE, X 6; 6, PART OF SPECIMEN FROM STATION 4878, FROM ABOVE, X 8. pentagonal with distal angle rounded and _ proximo-lateral sides longest and concave, rather than straight; the disk is nearly white, the arms very pale brown, with a broad longitudinal white stripe bordered on each side with reddish, faintly indicated on upper side of arm. Another interesting specimen, taken at station 4878, is shown in fig. 1286; this individual has extraordinarily long and prominent disk spines and the color of the disk is unique, uniform 262 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. deep purple, the disk spines, and distal ends of radial shields (with adjoining disk margin) nearly white in marked contrast. OPHIOTHRIX SPICULATA. Ophiothrix spiculata LEContTE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 1851, p. 318, Localities.— Albatross station 3329, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 56’ 50’’ N.; long. 167° 8’ 15’’ W., 399 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom tem- perature 37.7°, 12 specimens; West Coast of North America, 3 specimens. The specimens labeled “‘West Coast of North America” have evidently been in alcohol a long time and have lost all color, but S84 Cz 2 a TS FOTN « ANS AN js iN HX a Fic. 129.—OPHIOTHRIX SPICULATA. X 4.5. @, FROM ABOVE; 3, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. those labeled ‘‘3329” show the characteristic blue and red coloring of the species. The largest specimen in particular has the arms bright purplish-blue with frequent narrow cross bands of reddish. All the specimens agree in having the disk fully, and the radial shields sparsely, covered with rough spinelets, which can scarcely be divided into “stumps” and ‘‘spines,’”’ but differ from each other only in length and thickness. This is the only difference between these specimens, and typical examples from Pearl Islands, Panama. It is hard to believe that there is not some mistake about the label, 3329,” for it is most extraordinary that such a bright-colored, littoral, Pana- mic form as spiculata should occur in deep water in Bering Sea. The NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 263 record may well be regarded as very doubtful, at least until the species is reported from Alaska. OPHIOTHRIX LONGIPEDA. Ophiura longipeda LaMARcK, Anim. s. Vert., vol. 2, 1816, p. 544. Ophiothrix longipeda MULLER and TroscHEL, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 113. Locality —Ousima, Japan, 3 specimens. Two of these specimens are very large, having a disk diameter of 30 mm. and arms 645 mm. long; the arms are thus more than twenty - one times the disk di- ameter. OPHIOTHRIX HYLODES, new species.¢ Disk 10 mm. in diameter; arms about 45 mm. long. Disk thickly cov ered with stout blunt, rough spines, which are of nearly uniform length. Radial shields mod- erate, triangular, much longer than wide, well sepa- rated; they carry many of the disk c spines, but although Fic. 130.—OPHIOTHRIX HYLODES. X 5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BE- LOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. their outlines are thereby obscured the distal portion is nearly bare. Upper arm plates rounded hexagonal or rhombic, wider than long. Oral sur- face with no characteristic features. Arm spines about eight in number, of moderate length, rough, blunt, and somewhat flattened. Color (dried from alcohol), variable; in type, disk and oral surface brown; arms dull purplish with a longitudinal light stripe more or less clearly indicated; in other specimens, disk pale brown or greenish, arms greenish, with longitudinal light stripe very faintly indicated. Localities. —Misaki, Japan, 2 specimens; Ayukawa, Japan, | speci- men. “Northwestern Pacific, probably Japan,” 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25723, U.S.N.M., from Misaki. a‘Y Jwédye, signifying wooded, in reference to the thick covering of spines on the disk. 264 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Although the general appearance of these specimens is quite dis- tinctive, and trifid stumps appear to be wholly wanting, the indi- cations of a longitudinal white stripe on the upper side of the arms make me suspicious that this is only an extreme variety of koreana. Observations on an extended series of living specimens at Misaki would very easily settle the matter. OPHIOTHRIX PANCHYENDYTA, new species.a Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 to 40 mm. long, probably. Disk thickly covered with nearly smooth, cylindrical spines, blunt and Fig. 131.—OPHIOTHRIX PANCHYENDYTA. @, FROM ABOVE, X 5; b, FROM BELOW, X 5; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK, X 5; d, AN UPPER ARM PLATE, X 15; e, AN UNDER ARM PLATE, X 15; f, A TENTACLE, X 15. rough at tip. Radial shields very large, smooth, nearly free from spines, in contact at inner, distal corner, but elsewhere separated by a narrow series of scales bearing numerous small spines. Upper arm plates (fig. 131d) rhombic, coarsely granular, a little swollen, wider than long, in contact throughout; the first one carries a tubercle on which is borne a conspicuous spine. Interbrachial spaces below fully covered with scales and spinelets like those of disk. Oral shields, adoral plates, and under arm plates rather indistinct (as @ Iayyv, signifying wholly, and évdutéc, signifying clothed, in reference to the inter- brachial spaces below being entirely covered with scales and spinelets. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 265 though skin-covered) and slightly swollen, coarsely granular. Under arm plates (fig. 131e) widely separated, very much wider than long. Arm spines about eight, rather short, slightly flattened at blunt, rough tip. Tentacles large and very papillose (fig. 131f), therefore tentacle pores very large. Color (dried from alcohol), very pale fawn color. Locality Albatross station 4876, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 20’ N.; long. 130° 10’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 3 specimens; station 4877, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 20’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 11’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25644, U.S.N.M., from station 4876. Although this species is possessed of a number of distinctive characters, | am in doubt as to the reliability of any of them. Thus the disk spines differ from those of either koreana or hylodes, but it is not really an essential difference, and the coarse granulation of the upper arm plates, very different from what is shown by the other species, is probably not a distinctive peculiarity. So the conspicuous spine-bearing tubercle on the first upper arm plate of each arm, may not be a constant feature, and even if it is, similar, if not as con- spicuous, tubercles occur in other species of Ophiothriz. The complete covering of the interbrachial spaces below helps to distinguish panchyendyta from hylodes and most specimens of koreana, but not from all! The arms of panchyendyta seem to be unusually short, but as all are broken, it is not possible to reach a positive decision on the point. As the general appearance of these specimens is quite unique, they may well stand by themselves for the present. OPHIOTHRIX EUSTEIRA, new species. @ Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long, probably. Disk with numerous, but not crowded, minute thorny stumps and at center with a number of very long, slender, rough spines; there are smaller, smoother spines between the radial shields and rarely in the interradial spaces. Radial shields very large, covering most of disk, free from stumps and spines; interradial distance between two about twice radial; lateral margins straight, distal margin concave. Upper arm plates beyond first, rhombic, longer than wide, in contact and strongly carinate. Interbrachial spaces below well covered with minute stumps. Genital slits large. Oral shields very much wider than long, rounded laterally. Adoral plates large, broader without than within, where they meet. Tooth papille about thirty, rather pointed, forming a high narrow oval group. First four or five under arm plates, longer than wide, next five or six squarish, succeeding plates a Fy, signifying well, and ozeépa, signifying keel, in reference to the form of the upper arm plates. 266 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. longer than wide again. Side arm plates moderate, not meeting either above or below; each plate carries six or seven long, slender, acute, thorny spines, of which the lowest is very small, while the uppermost or next is longest and at base of arm may equal fully four joints. Tentacle pores very large, each with a single small tentacle scale which may be lacking on the first one or two joints. Color (dried from alcohol), light wood-brown, disk spines, arm spines, and keel on upper arm plates white in marked contrast. FIG. 132.—OPHIOTHRIX EUSTEIRA. X 8. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. Locality Ousima, Japan, William Stimpson, collector, 2 specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 3319, U.S.N.M., from Ousima. There can be no question about the distinctness of this beautiful species which has lain unnamed for half a century, in the collections of the National Museum. The few, long, white arm spines, the long under arm plates, and the long, strongly keeled upper arm plates are striking features apart from the characters of the disk. It seems strange that such a handsome and noticeable species should have so long awaited description, and it is also rather remarkable that no NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 267 specimens of it were taken by the Fisheries steamer Albatross on either of her Japanese cruises. OPHIOTHRIX MACROBRACHIA, new species. a Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms apparently about 165 mm. long. Disk covered with a thick skin containing scales which bear slender, minutely thorny spines of variable length and acuteness. Radial shields very large, but completely hidden by the skin, except at inner distal corner, where they are barely in contact. Upper arm plates pentagonal, becoming squarish far out on arm; first four or five small and separated from each other by skin; succeeding twenty or so in contact; remaindermore orlessseparated. Interbrachialspaces below Cc Fig. 133.—OPHIOTHRIX MACROBRACHIA. XX 4.5. @, FROM ABOVE; 0}, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. quite naked, the thin skin with only a few scattered minute spine- lets. Oral shields wide, sometimes twice as wide as long, more or less oval or elliptical. Adoral plates very small, not meeting within; jaw frames with a large median perforation. Teeth about four and teeth papilla about twenty on each jaw. Under arm plates with rather indistinct outlines, but hardly in contact with each other, and usually well separated; first two or three longer than wide, following squarish or wider than long until toward tip of arm, they become longer than wide again; each plate has a more or less distinct median, minute notch in distal and proximal margins, connected by a longitudinal line on its surface, the cause of which is hard to determine, for it is not @ Maxpéc, signifying long, and Soayzéwy, signifying arm, in reference to the very long arms, 268 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. due to a ridge, a furrow, or color; possibly the plate is thinner along that line. Side arm plates not very large, each with about eight blunt, nearly smooth arm spines, of which the lowest are very small, while the two or three uppermost are equal to two or three joints. Tentacle pores large but tentacle scales wanting. Color (dried from alcohol), disk pure white, arms and spines very pale cream or fawn color, interbranchial spaces below dark brown or blackish; a few specimens have a reddish tinge, and in one very small specimen the bare part of the radial shields is deep pink. Localities.— Albatross station 3707, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, volcanic sand, ashes, gravel, 5 specimens; station 3715, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 65 to 68 fathoms, voleanic sand, shells, rocks, 15 specimens; station 3727, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 fathoms, mud, coarse sand, black shells, 13 specimens; station 3729, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 fathoms, mud, gravel, 8 specimens; station 3734, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 36 to 48 fathoms, coarse gray volcanic sand, broken shells, 10 specimens; station 3735, off Omai Zaki, Hon- shu Island, Japan, 36 fathoms, coarse gray volcanic sand, broken shells, 1] specimen; station 4875, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 19’ N.; long. 130° 9’ K., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom tempera- ture 62.1°, 1 specimen; station 4890, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 26’ 30’” N.; long. 128° 36’ 30” E., 135 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 52.3°, 1 specimen; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 3 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 5 speci- mens; station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 10 specimens; station 4948, Bungo Channel, lat. 31° 19’ N.; long. 131° 23’ E., 65 fathoms, dark gray volcanic sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 62.6°, 5 specimens; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 55.8°, 1 specimen; station 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’’ E., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 2 specimens. Bathy- metrical range, 34 to 135fathoms. Temperature range, 62.6° to 52.3°. Eighty-two specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25712, U.S.N.M., from station 4875. This unusually handsome and well-characterized species reminds one strongly of Ophiogymna, but the disk spines and upper arm plates are those of an Ophiothrix and it seems better to place it in that genus. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 269 The contrast between the disk and the interbrachial spaces below, both in texture of skin and in color, is most striking, and the very long arms with nearly smooth arm spines are additional features of interest. The specimens before me range in disk diameter from 4.5 to 11 mm. KAMILY OPHIOMYXID. OPHIOBYRSA ACANTHINOBRACHIA, new species. 4 Disk 20 mm. in diameter; arms about 280 mm. long. Disk covered by a soft skin, which carries numerous scattered plates, each of which bears a single, small spinelet. Radial-shields faintly indicated and part of distal end more or less visible. Upper arm plates broken up into small fragments, each one of which carries a little spinelet like those of disk; these transverse spine-bearing bands are separated from each other by bare skin. Interbrachial spaces below like disk. Genital slits rather big. Mouth parts and lower surface of arms more Fic. 134.—OPHIOBYRSA ACANTHINOBRACHIA. 2.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. or less concealed by skin. Oral shields rounded triangular about as long as wide. Adoral plates large, short, and wide, hardly meeting within; oral plates about as large. Oral papille few, minute, irregu- lar. Teeth (or tooth papille) spiniform, rough at tip, in two more or less irregular vertical series. Under arm plates obscure, squarish, with rounded corners, wider than long, distal margin with a deep notch. Side arm plates small, each one bearing six or seven small, acute, subequal skin-covered arm spines, about half as long as joint; lowest arm spine hooked. No tentacle scales. Color (dried from alcohol), dull yellowish or reddish brown; young specimens, yellow. Localities.—Albatross station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, a’ AkavOevoc, signifying thorny, and Boaz wy, signifying arm, in reference to the numer- ous small spines on the upper arm plates, 270 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10’’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 2 specimens; sta- tion 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40” E., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 2 specimens. ; Type.—Cat. No. 25585, U.S.N.M., from station 4895. The transverse spiny bands on the upper side of the arms will readily distinguish this species from all of its allies. The specimens before me have a disk diameter ranging from 5 to 20 mm. OPHIOBYRSA SYNAPTACANTHA, new species. @ Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 220 mm. long. Disk covered by skin containing numerous rounded scales, only a few of which carry minute sharp spinelets. Radial shields small, well separated, plainly indicated and made conspicuous by the linear group of spine- lets which they carry, at least on the proximal end. Upper arm Fig. 135.—OPHIOBYRSA SYNAPTACANTHA. XX 4. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. plates separated by naked skin, broken into several pieces, of which two median are largest; none of them carry spines or spinelets. Interbrachial spaces below like disk. Genital slits large. Plates of whole oral surface more or less obscured by skin. Oral shields small, apparently squarish-oval, longer than wide. Adoral plates at sides of shield very small, much longer than wide. Oral papille and teeth (tooth papilla ?) as in acanthinobrachia. Under arm plates indistinct, apparently longer than wide, with a deep median notch in distal margin. Side arm plates small, each with four cylindrical, blunt, spines, about as long as joint, more or less united to each other by a fold of skin, which includes two-thirds or more of each spine. No tentacle scales. Color (dried from alcohol), dark brown. Locality.— Albatross station 4933, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 59’ N.; long. 130° 29’ 50’’ E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen. a Syvartéc, signifying joined together, and dxav0a, signifying spine, in reference to the webbed arm spines, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 27] a Type.—Cat. No. 25714, U.S.N.M., from station 4933. There may be some question whether the webbed arm spines are not sufficient to remove this species from Ophiobyrsa, but the upper arm plates, disk covering, mouth parts, and lack of tentacle scales seem to me sufficient reasons for placing it in that genus. The smooth upper surface of the arms, plus the webbed arm spines, will serve to distinguish synaptacantha from the other members of the group. OPHIOMYXA AUSTRALIS. Ophiomyxa australis LUrkEN, Add. Hist. Oph., pt. 3, 1869, p. 45. Localities.— Albatross station 3757, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 41 to 50 fathoms, coarse coral sand, gravel, 8 specimens: station 4880, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 16’ N.; long. 130° 16’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 1 specimen; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32/ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 55.9°, 2 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10” N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ K., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 1 specimen; station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30”’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 41 to 103 fathoms. Temperature range, 62.1° to 55.9°. Fourteen specimens. These specimens range in disk diameter from 6 to 20 mm. and vary in color from light gray or yellowish to deep brown. The num- ber of arm spines varies from four (rarely three, often five) in small individuals to six, sometimes seven, in large ones. OPHIOMYXA ANISACANTHA, new species. « Disk 20 mm. in diameter; arms about 120 mm. long. Similar to australis, except that the disk skin is thinner and the marginal scales are wanting; the oral papille are smaller, especially the outermost, which are smallest, and are well spaced; and the arm spines are longer and fewer, three (rarely two, often four) in small individuals and four (very rarely five) in large ones; uppermost spine largest and stoutest next lower shorter and somewhat more slender; third very slender, about equal to second; lowest as long as or longer than uppermost, but very much more slender. Color (dried from alcohol), ‘ranging from nearly white to dull reddish-brown. Localities.—Albatross station 3749, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 83 to 158 fathoms, black sand, shells, 11 specimens; station 4892, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ 30’’ N.; long. 128° 33’ E., 181 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 1 speci- a” Ayeaoc, signifying unequal, and dkava, signifying spine, in reference to the inequal- ity of the arm spines. 22, BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. men; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom tem- perature 55.9°, 4 specimens; station 4912, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 39’ 40’” N.; long. 129° 20’ E., 391 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 41.9°, 1 specimen; station 5069, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 10’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ E., 108 to 131 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 55.8°, 3 specimens; station 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’’ E.,. 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 5 specimens; station 5091, Uraga Strait; lat..35° 4’ 107 N-; lone 139P38 ioe eo fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 83 to 391 fathoms. Tem- perature range, 57.6° to 41.9°. Twenty-six specimens. Type.—Cat. No. 25605, U.S.N.M., from station 4892. Fig. 136.—OPHIOMYXA ANISACANTHA. XX 2.5. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. The differences in number, length, and proportions of arm spines between this species and australis seem to be very constant, and con- sequently adult specimens of the two species are easy to distinguish. Naturally very small specimens can not be separated so easily, but on comparison even they can be distinguished. In the series of anisacantha before me the disk diameter ranges from 5 to 21 mm. OPHIOPHRIXUS, new genus. Disk nearly naked, carrying only a few scattered scales. Radial shields narrow and compressed, bearing a linear series of erect, acute «” Odeo and dotsoc, signifying a bristling, in reference to the bristling combs of spines on the radial shields. —- a= 7 —— ———— NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 273 spines. Upper arm plates wanting. Teeth spiniform in a double series, followed by a few tooth papille; oral papillae reduced to a few tubercles. Under arm plates present. Arm spines rough and skin- covered. Tentacle scales wanting. Type-species.—O phiophrizus acanthinus. Although this genus has the form and general appearance of Ophio- myza, it is evident from the mouth parts that it is not really very nearly related to that group. The notable radial shields and the absence of upper arm plates are further obvious, but not so essential, differences. OPHIOPHRIXUS ACANTHINUS, new species.a Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 80 to 85 mm. long. Disk covered with a thin skin carrying, near center, a few scattered scales, Fig. 137. OPHIOPHRIXUS ACANTHINUS. X 4. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. each of which bears a minute spine. Radial shields narrow, and com- pressed into a distinct ridge, well separated, parallel; each one carries six or seven erect, acute spines. Between distal ends of radial shields of each pair are two large calcareous plates in contact with each other. Upper arm plates wanting, but arm bones show through thin skin of arm. Interbrachial spaces below naked. Genital slits large. Oral shields rather large, triangular, with curved lateral mar- gins, about as long as wide. Adoral plates large, much broader without than within where they meet. Jaws very short, each with a double series of rough spiniform teeth, below which, at apex of jaw, are four or five small, blunt tooth papille, irregularly arranged; a’ AxdvOevoc, signifying thorny, in reference to the appearance of the arms, 34916°—Bull. 75—11——18 274 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. on each side of jaw, there are often to be found one or two small blunt tubercles, which may be regarded as rudimentary oral papille. First under arm plate wider than long; second and third about square; succeeding plates more or less indistinct, each with a deep median notch in distal margin. Side arm plates small and narrow; each plate carries four slender, acute, thorny, skin-covered spines; next to uppermost longest and equal to two joints. Tentacle pores large but tentacle scales none. Color (dried from. alcohol), yellow brown. Locality.—Albatross station 3704, off Seno Umi, Honshu Island, Japan, 94 to 150 fathoms, fine volcanic sand, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25713, U.S.N.M., from station 3704. This unique specimen, one of the most interesting in the whole col- lection, is unusually well preserved, so that its characters are easily made out. Although it looks more like an Ophiomyra than an Ophiobyrsa, on account of the shorter and wider arms, its real rela- tionships are probably nearer the latter genus. OPHIOCYNODUS, new genus.4 Disk covered with naked skin. Radial shields, upper arm plates and tentacle scales wanting. Teeth, tooth papillae and oral papille alike, spiniform, rough at tip. Type-species.—O phiocynodus corynetes. This genus presents a really remarkable combination of characters, for while its general appearance resembles Ophiomyxa, the mouth parts and the absence of radial shields and upper arm plates show it is no near relative of that group. OPHIOCYNODUS CORYNETES, new species. Disk 30 mm. in diameter; arms about 160 mm. long. Disk covered with a naked skin on which are scattered some calcareous grains. Radial shields wanting, but expanded upper ends of genital plates show through the skin at base of arm. No upper arm plates. Inter- brachial spaces below, naked. Oral shields small, longer than wide, wider within than without. Adoral plates large, three times as long as wide; oral plates large. Teeth, tooth papillae, and oral papille all alike, rather numerous, spiniform and rough at tip; upper teeth largest; distal oral papille smallest. Under arm plates: large, dis- tinct, except first two longer than wide. Side arm plates small, each with three subequal spines, nearly equal to two joints; upper- most spine pointed, lowest club-shaped with a marked swelling at tip; middle spine intermediate; all spines are rough at tip, and more a” Odeo and kuvddovc, signifying canine tooth, in reference to the spiniform teeth and oral papille. b Kooyitnc, signifying a club-bearer in reference to the form of the lower arm spines. sine TE “eee NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 275 or less skin-covered. Tentacle pores very large but tentacle scales none. Color (dried from alcohol), disk, deep brown, arms yellowish or dirty whitish. Localities.— Albatross station 3071, off Washington, lat. 47° 29’ N.; long. 125° 33’ 30’’ W., 685 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 1 specimen; station 3347, off Washington, lat. 45° 9’ 35’’ N.; long. 124° 45’ W., 345 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 40.9°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25607, U.S.N.M., from station 3347. It is unfortunate that both of the specimens are badly damaged, the disk being entirely gone in the smaller specimen and more than three-fifths gone in the larger. In spite of this defect, however, the larger specimen shows its unique characters very clearly, so that I have not hesitated to base the new species and genus upon it. Most Fic. 138.—OPHIOCYNODUS CORYNETES. X 2. a, FROM ABOVE; 5b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. of the lower arm spines are much more conspicuously clubbed and thorny at the tip than is shown in the figures. Better specimens may reveal scales present in the skin of the disk. OPHIOSYZYGUS, new genus.4 Disk covered with skin in which are embedded, at least near margin, numerous minute delicate scales, on which are borne larger calcare- ous granules. Radial shields, upper arm plates, and tentacle scales wanting. Arm spines few, with upper ones successively united to each other by a broad, thin, horizontal membrane. Teeth reduced to cluster of few, minute, rough spinelets at apex of jaw. Oral papilla small and few, but distinct, not like teeth. a” Odeo and ob{uyoc, signifying joined together, in reference to the uniting of the arm spines by membrane. 276 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Type-species.—O phiosyzygus disacanthus. Although this genus is doubtless rather nearly related to Ophiocy- nodus, the disk structure being essentially the same in the two, the difference in mouth parts is too marked to allow them to be united, even if the remarkable web on the arm spines of Ophiosyzygus be ignored. OPHIOSYZYGUS DISACANTHUS, new species. @ Disk 16 mm. in diameter; arms about 60 mm. long probably. Disk covered with an apparently naked skin, which under a micro- scope is seen to contain numerous thin scales, and bears scattered calcareous granules. Radial shields wanting, but expanded ends of genital plates are conspicuous through skin at base of each arm. Upper arm plates wanting. Interbrachial spaces below naked. Genital slits small. Oral shields small, about as long as wide. Adoral FiG. 139.—OPHIOSYZYGUS DISACANTHUS. .X 3. a, FROM ABOVE; b; FROM BELOW; Cc, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. plates large, much wider without than within where they meet. Oral papille, about three on a side, at distal end of mouth slit, small, almost conical, acute. Teeth (tooth papille ?) few, irregular in num- ber, size, and position, spiniform with rough tips, clustered at apex of jaw. Under arm plates longer than wide, somewhat tetragonal, distinct at base of arm, but quickly becoming very thin and indistinct, especially proximally. Side arm plates low but becoming very long. distally, each bearing on its swollen, distal end, two spines, of which upper equals (at base of arm) two joints and lower is distinctly shorter; spines, slender, acute. Upper spine on each joint connected with adjoining upper spines by a thin, broad, horizontal membrane, @ dtc, signifying twice and dxavOa, signifying spine, in reference to the number of arm spines. ~ : : : F | Se ee ee ee NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 277 which extends out well beyond middle of spine, thus forming a sort of ‘fin’? on each side of arm; each lower spine is connected with upper spine of same joint by a narrow membrane; these little vertical ‘fins’ are much less conspicuous, however, than the horizontal one above them. Tentacle pores very large but tentacle scales none. Color (dried from alcohol), disk brown, spotted with white calcareous granules; arms nearly white. Localities —Albatross station 4934, off Kagoshima Gulf, lat. 30° 58’ 30”” N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 60.6° to 56°, 1 specimen; station 4936, off Kagoshima Gulf, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30”’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 1 specimen; station 5094, Uraga Strait, tap. 35° 4742” N.- lone. 139° 38’ 20’’ H., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25671, U.S.N.M., from station 4934. The disk of the type is badly damaged, while the arms are fairly well preserved. The specimen from station 4936 has a pretty good disk but the arms are in poor condition and fail to show the webs. The specimen from station 5094 is so badly damaged it is not certain that it belongs to this species. Judging from the arm structure of the type, it seems as though this species ought to be able to swim, and it is quite possible that such is its regular mode of locomotion. Observations on its habits would be most interesting. OPHIOHYMEN, new genus.4 Disk and arms covered with naked skin. Radial shields and upper arm plates wanting. Mouth parts as in Ophiomyxa. Arm spines connected vertically by membranes and upper ones also connected horizontally. ‘ Type-species—Ophiohymen gymnodiscus. This genus is a curious connecting link between Ophiosyzygus, which it resembles in disk and arm structure, and Ophiomyxa. which it is like in its mouth parts. OPHIOHYMEN GYMNODISCUS, new species.) Disk 8 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk and arms covered with a thick skin, extending also over interbrachial spaces below, lower surface of arms and jaws and even to tips of oral papille. No radial shields, upper arm plates or tentacle scales. Upper ends of genital plates scarcely visible at base of arms, from above, but genital scales extending into interbrachial spaces, plainly visible from below a” Odeo and dujy, signifying membrane in reference to membrane connecting arm spines. b T'upvéc, signifying naked, and décxoc, signifying disk, in reference to the perfectly “bare disk. 278 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (fig. 1406). Outlines of under arm plates indistinct; apparently they are wider than long. Oral shields large, about as long as wide. Ado- ral plates long and narrow, almost L-shaped; oral plates well devel- oped. Genital slits long. Oral papille about five on a side, most proximal largest, rounded and finely serrate at tip. Teeth large, flat, with rounded and serrate tips. Arm spines three, lowest slightly longest equalling joint, and middle one usually shortest; each vertical series of three are joined to each other by a membrane, reaching nearly to their tips; in addition, all uppermost spines are joined to each other by a narrow horizontal membrane, which reaches to or beyond middle of spines. Color (dried from alcohol), dull purplish- red, arms indistinctly banded with yellowish. Locality.— Albatross station 4903, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31’ 10’ N.; long. 128° 33’ 20’’ E., 107 to 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 52.9° (%), 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25537, U.S.N.M., from station 4903. This specimen is badly damaged, most of the disk being gone, but Fig. 140.—OPHIOHYMEN GYMNODISCUS. XX 6. @, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. its characters seem to be well shown nevertheless. Further material is necessary to determine some points of structure, and observations on living material can alone show what the functions of the arm membranes are. It is easy to suppose they are natatorial. OPHIOLEPTOPLAX, new genus.4 Disk and arms covered by naked skin. Radial shields wanting. Upper arm plates apparently present in form of very thin, transpar- @ Odeo and dextoc, signifying thin, and 74dé, signifying plate, in reference to the thin transparent upper arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 279 ent scales. Oral papillae very few and small. Teeth reduced to a small cluster at apex of jaw. No tentacle scales. Type-species.—O phioleptoplax megapora. The specimen upon which this genus rests is probably immature, but I can not refer it to any known species or genus. In its mouth parts it is very near Ophiosyzygus, but its arm structure is quite differ- ent. Yet I am not satisfied that the supposed upper arm plates are really homologous with the upper arm plates of other genera. They are certainly not calcareous and they may be nothing but skin thickenings on each joint. Their appearance in this specimen may be an individual peculiarity. Fic. 141.—OPHIOLEPTOPLAX MEGAPORA. X 8. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. OPHIOLEPTOPLAX MEGAPORA, new species. Disk 6 mm. in diameter; arms about 25 mm. long. Disk covered with a thick, naked skin. Radial shields wanting, but upper ends of genital plates are visible at base of each arm. Upper arm plates represented by what appear to be very thin transparent noncalca- reous scales, squarish in outline and rather wider than long; arm bones plainly visible through them. Interbrachial spaces below naked. Genital slits small. Oral shields very small, wider than long. Adoral plates very large, much wider without than within. Oral papille, one to three on each side, minute, sharp conical spinelets. Teeth (tooth papilla?) reduced to a small cluster at apex of Jaw, of very small, rough-pointed spinelets. Under arm plates longer than @ Méyac, signifying big, and zépoc, signifying a pore, in reference to the large tenta- cle pores. 280 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wide, with deeply concave sides, on account of the huge tentacle pores, which have no tentacle scales. Side arm plates low, each with three subequal, cylindrical, blunt spines, a trifle longer than joint. Color (dried from alcohol), disk brown; arms whitish. Locality.—Albatross station 4888, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 26’ N.; long. 129° 27’ 30’’ E., 71 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 59.7°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25619, U.S.N.M., from station 4888. This specimen is well preserved but I think it is immature and the validity not only of the genus, but of the species as well, must remain doubtful until further material is obtained. Family ASTROPHYTID#. ASTEROPORPA HADRACANTHA, new species.a Disk 7 mm. in diameter; arms about 35 mm. long. Disk covered with small unequal granules, among which some at center are largest ; in type, six primary plates are very obvious, but these are not usually distinguishable with ease. Radial shields concealed but forming five conspicuous wedge-shaped divisions of disk, upon which double parallel series, of smooth and hook-bearing granules alternate; gran- ules between wedges smooth. Upper surface of arms covered like radial wedges by alternating series of smooth and hook-bearing granules; although the bands of smooth granules are really decidedly wider than those of hook-bearing granules, the latter seem wider because the most distal and most proximal row of smooth granules form an elevated border to the hook-bearing bands which are thus set above and made more conspicuous than the smooth ones. Inter- brachial spaces below large, covered, as is all of oral surface, by a pave- ment of granules. Genital slits small, oblique but approaching vertical. Teeth and tooth papillae longer and more slender than oral papille, which are few, short, and pointed. Under surface of arms paved with granules. First pair of tentacle pores of arm, small, unprotected ; succeeding pores protected by a ridge carrying tentacle scales or arm spines. Second pore has two or three such scales, third three or four, and succeeding pores five or six such spinelets; they are short and thick, lowest particularly so and about as thick as long, thorny with glassy points at tip. Color (dried from alcohol), very light brown or nearly white. Localities.— Albatross station 3727, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 fathoms, mud, coarse sand, broken shells, 2 specimens; a‘Adpéc, signifying stout, and dxava, signifying spine, in reference to the short, thick arm spines. As Orstedt and Liitken’s original spelling, ‘‘ Asteroporpa,”’ is philologically correct, it ought to be used rather than the contracted form, ‘‘ Astro- porpa,”’ NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 281 station 3730, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 to 37 fathoms, mud, gravel, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3764, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 44 to 50 fathoms, fine gravel, broken shells, 1 specimen; station. 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’’ N.; long. 130° 37’ 30” E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 1 specimen. Bathy- metrical range, 34 to 103 fathoms. Five specimens. : Type.—Cat. No. 25727, U.S.N.M., from station 3764. It is a matter of no little interest to find this genus occurring off the coast of Japan, for it was previously known only from the West Indies and Australia. The present species differs from those pre- Fic. 142.—ASTEROPORPA HADRACANTHA. 7. @,FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE JOINTS NEAR DISK. viously known in its very short and thick arm spines, the lowest one on the basal part of the arm being particularly characteristic. It is interesting to find that in the relative width of the alternate bands of granules on the arm the Japanese species does not resemble the Australian form. Comparison of fig. 142 with that of A. qus- tralianus * shows how distinct the two species are. ASTROCHELE LAVIS, new species.” Disk 20 mm. in diameter; arms about 100 mm. long, probably. Disk high, convex, covered with a thick, uniform coat of flattened, 4Mem. Aust. Mus., vol. 4, pl. 54, fig. 2. b Lxvis, signifying smooth, in reference to the relatively low and flat disk granules. 282 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. slightly convex granules. Radial shields completely covered, but their presence indicated by five pairs of conspicuous ridges, extend- ing from arm bases to center of disk. Margin of disk formed by a calcareous thickening which bears large granules like those on radia shields. None of the granules are conical or spine-bearing. Upper surface of arm covered by alternating, but not clearly defined, bands of smooth and hook-bearing granules; smooth granules not crowded, scattered; hook-bearing granules more regularly arranged in two rather crowded series. Whole oral surface covered by granule- bearing skin, with granules thickest on interbrachial spaces. Gen- ital slits moderate, with a large genital scale along distal half of inner margin. A single oral shield (madreporite) can be distinguished. Adoral and oral plates usually skin covered. Teeth and tooth pa- pille rather numerous, longer and more spiniform than the few scattered oral papille. Under arm plates distinguishable on basal Fia. 143.—ASTROCHELE LEVIS. 2.5. @, FROM ABOVE; }, FROM BELOW; ¢, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. joints of arms in some specimens, but usually wholly concealed. Basal tentacle pores of arm minute and unprotected; second pair with two or three short, thick, flattened arm spines (tentacle scales 2) which carry little glassy points at tip; succeeding pores with three or four (sometimes five) such spinelets, of which innermost is largest, borne on a low, thick ridge just proximal to pore. Color (dried from alcohol), cream-white to deep yellow. Localities.— Albatross station 3317, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 57’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 59’ W., 165 fathoms, coarse sand, gravel, rocks, bottom temperature 39.5°, 1 specimen; station 3319, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 40’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 30’ W, 59 fathoms, black sand, bottom tem-_ perature 40.8°, 8 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 5 specimens ; station 4771, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30’ N.; long. 179° 17’ E., 426 fathoms, broken shells, 4 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 283 52° 14’ 30’ N.; long. 174° 13’ K., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, peb- bles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 59 to 482 fathoms. Temperature range, 40.8° to 38.6°. Twenty-two specimens. Type—Cat. No. 25716, U.S.N.M., from station 3319. It is most interesting to find this genus, hitherto known only from the western Atlantic, in the Pacific Ocean off Alaska. The Alaskan species is very nearly allied to lymami from the Atlantic, but judging from the material available to me it differs distinctly in the flat, convex disk grains; in lymani many of the disk grains are conical and some are almost spine-like, especially on the radial shields and disk margin. The teeth and tooth papille of levis are more slender and spiniform than they are in lymani, and the skin which covers the whole animal is thicker and more full of granules in levis. None of these differences is very radical and more abundant material may show that the two forms are not really specifically distinct. The specimens of lzws before me range from 8 to 20 mm. in disk diameter. OPHIOCREAS CDIPUS. Ophiocreas edipus Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 6, 1879, p. 65. Localities.— Albatross station 4979, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 53’ N.; long. 137° 42’ E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 1 specimen; station 5079, off Omai Saki light, Japan, lat. 34° 15’ N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 2 specimens. The specimen from station 4979 is small, about 9 mm. across the disk, dirty whitish, and has low, blunt oral papillae. The specimens from station 5079 are 5 and 20 mm., respectively, across the disk, and are deep purplish brown; the smaller has a few oral papille in the mouth angles, but the larger has none. None of the specimens has any unusual swelling at base of arms, but aside from that fact the large one answers very well to Lyman’s description and figures. As the swelling of the arm bases is probably associated with the full develop- ment of the reproductive organs, it does not seem to me that its presence or absence can be considered a specific character. It is probably best, therefore, to consider the large specimen before me an example of wdipus. In spite of its oral papille the little specimen from the same station seems to be undoubtedly identical, and there- fore I can not regard the specimen from station 4979, in whichoral papillae are well developed, as a different species, even though its color also is quite different. But it is possible, nevertheless, that more abundant material would show this latter specimen to be specifically distinct. 284 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ASTROCERAS PERGAMENA. Astroceras pergamena Lyman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 6, 1879, p. 62. Localities.— Albatross station 3716, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 65 to 125 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, rocks, 17 specimens; station 3729, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 fathoms, mud, gravel, 1 specimen; station 3730, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 to 37 fathoms, mud, gravel, rocks, 5 specimens; station 3735, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 36 fathoms, coarse gray volcanic sand, broken shells, 33 specimens; station 3755, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 52 to 77 fathoms, gray sand, coral, 4 specimens; station 4893, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 32’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 50’’ E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 3 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, 2 specimens; station 4895, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ 10” N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’ E., 95 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4936, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 54’ 40’” N.; long. 130° 37’ 30’’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bottom temperature 60.6°, 1 speci- men; station 5070, Suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’’ N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’” E., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 34 to 125 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 60.6° to 55.9°. Sixty-nine specimens. This is a remarkably interesting series of specimens ranging in disk diameter from 1 to 8 mm. The smallest specimens have no tubercles on either radial shields or arms, but these appear most irregularly with increasing size, those on the radial shields appearing first, but some of those on the basal joints of the arm may appear before all the radial shields have them; thus in a specimen 5 mm. across the disk there are tubercles on the basal joints of all the arms but only on four of the radial shields. Another specimen 5 mm. across has each of the radial shields provided with a tubercle, as in Lyman’s type, and similar ones are present on the two basal joints of each arm. In the specimens 8 mm. across the disk, the tubercles are present but not equally developed, on the basal six or seven joints of each arm. On the disk and arms of the smallest specimens are minute, round, calcareous granules, and on the arms these are arranged in very regular transverse rows, corresponding to the upper arm plates. As growth goes on and the large tubercles appear these granules disappear, first from the disk and then from the base of the arm, but even in the largest specimen they are abundant beyond the basal part of the arm. Lyman does not refer to their presence in the type-specimen, which was 19 mm. across the disk, so that it 1s prob- able they ultimately all disappear. Another most interesting fact revealed by the series before me is that the young Astroceras has, like many specimens of Amphiuride, —e NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 285 siz arms. The specimens under 5 mm. across the disk all have six arms, except two which have seven, while those above that size have only five. Furthermore, the six arms are not of equal size, but three are large and three are small, often very small, indicating that repro- duction by fission has taken place. None of the specimens reveals how the six-armed young becomes the symmetrical five-armed adult, but in two specimens the middle arm of the smaller trio is distinctly smaller than its two neighbors, and it may be that this middle arm is ultimately resorbed or lost by autotomy. The study of the actual development of Astroceras, taking into account the plane of sym- metry of both larva and adult, would prove most interesting and important. ASTERONYX LOVENI. Asteronyx® loveni MULLER and TRoscHEL, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. 119. Localities.— Albatross station 2860, off Washington, lat. 51° 23’ N.; long. 130° 34’ W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 65 specimens; fain 2861, ae TWacheneton. lat. 51° 14’ N.; long. 129° 50’ W., 204 fathoms, pettom temperature 42.6°, 3 Sevaneas station 3069, off Washington, lat. 47° 25’ 30’’ N.; long. 125° 42’ W., 760 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 3 specimens; station 3075, off Washington, lat. 47° 22’ N.; long. 125° 41’ W., 859 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 13 specimens; station 3112, off California, lat. 37° 8’ N.; long. 122° 47’ W., 296 fathoms, fine eray sand, bottom temperature 41.8°, 40 specimens; station 3126, off California, lat. 36° 49’ 20’’ N.; long. 122° 12’ 30’’ W., 456 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 42.8°, 3 specimens; station 3128, off California, lat. 36° 41’ 50’’ N.; long. 122° 7’ 30’’ W., 627 fathoms, blue mud, bottom temperature 38.9°, 4 specimens; Beation 3338, off Alaska, lat. 54° 19’ N.; long. 159° 40’ W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature, 37.3°, 277 specimens; station 3489, Bering Sea, lat. 57° N.; long. 173° 14’ W., 184 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, bottom reper ature 38.5°, 4 specimens; station 3670, off Monterey, Cal., lat. 36° 43’ N.; long. 122° 12’ W., 581 fathoms, green mud, sand, ea Pernt tire 37.8°, 1 specimen; station 3749, off Suno Saki, Honshu Island, Japan, 83 to 158 fathoms, black sand, shells, 16 specimens; station 3784, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 32’ N.; long. 178° 31’ E., 850 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, 1 pre station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14’ 30’ N.; long. 174° 1 ye fathoms, enc gray ad popbiec. bottom femperature 3 38. 6° ie men; station 4957, off southern Japan, lat.32° 36’ N.; long. 132°23’ E., 437 Panos, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, Popaniniters, pantera temperature 39.8°, 2 specimens; station 4959, off southern Japan, lat. «The name has Be ecanponiy, been contracted to ‘‘Astronyx,’’ but as Miller and Troschel’s spelling is philologically correct it ought to be retained. 286 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES ‘NATIONAL MUSEUM. 32° 36’ 30’’ N.; long. 132° 23’ 20’’ E., 405 to 578 fathoms, green- brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 40.1° to 38.7°, 1 specimen; station 4960, off southern Japan, lat. 32° 34’ N.; long. 132° 21’ 45’’ E., 578 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.7°, 2 specimens; station 4969, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 40’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 587 fathoms, brown mud, sand, stones, bottom temperature 38.9°, 13 specimens; station 4970, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 36’ 30’’ E., 500 to 649 fathoms, brown mud, black sand, shells, bottom tem- perature 39.1°, 1 specimen; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ 30’’ N.; long. 135° 34’ E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 10 specimens; station 4972, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 25’ 45’’ N.; long. 135° 33’ E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 3 speci- mens; station 4976, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 22’ 50’’ N.; long. 135° 38’ 30°’ E., 545 fathoms, brown mud, small stones, bottom tempera- ture 38.7°, 2 specimens; station 4977, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23’ N.; long. 135° 37’ 40” E., 544 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, bottom teniperature 38.9°, 4 specimens; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9’ N.; long. 137° 55’ E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 4 specimens; station 5015, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 44’ N.; long. 144° 2’ E., 510 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 35.9°, 2 specimens; station 5018, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 41’ 30’’ N.; long. 148° 57’ 40’’ E., 100 fathoms, brown mud, black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.4°, 1 specimen; station 5029, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 22’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 43’ 30” E., 440 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 35.3°, 10 specimens; station 5048, off Kinka San Light, Japan, lat. 38° 9’ 24’’ N.; long. 141° 52’ 30’ E., 129 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 40.7°, 1 specimen; station 5079, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat: 34° 15’ N.: long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 1 specimen; station 5080, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 138° 40’ H., 505 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.7°, 5 specimens; station 5082, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 5’ N.; long. 137° 59’ E., 662 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 37.7°, 2 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 4’ 20’’ N.; long. 137° 57’ 30’ E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen; station 5084, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49’ 40’’ E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 83 to 918 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.8° to 30.4°. Four hundred and ninety-eight specimens. This fine series of specimens, ranging in size from young ones only 5 mm. across the disk up to huge adults 45 mm. in disk diameter, has _ —— a —_—: = - ~-”-s * NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 287 been compared with European and West Indian specimens, and no differences, other than those of age and individual diversity, have been found. I have also examined specimens of Liitken’s and Mor- tensen’s three Panamic species (dispar, plana, and excavata) and believe they are quite distinct. The north Pacific specimens of lovent show great diversity in the relative size of the different arms, but, as a rule, full-grown specimens have one or two of the arms much broader than the others. Thus, a specimen 40 mm. across the disk has the greatest width of each of the five arms, successively, as follows, 9, 6, 74, 64, and 5 mm. Litken and Mortensen give this peculiarity as the striking feature of dispar, but I think it is probably a charac- teristic of sexually mature adults of any species in the genus. Its degree of development varies greatly. Two extremes may be given as follows: Disk, 22 mm. across; arms successively 8, 3, 3, 5, and 3 mm. broad. Disk, 30 mm. across; arms successively 5, 4, 44, 34, and 4 mm. broad. The geographical range of loveni is noteworthy, for, although it does not appear to be an Arctic or subarctic form, it occurs in the north Atlantic from the coast of Norway southwestward along the east coast of the United States to St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles; in the north Pacific from Bering Sea, 57° N., to Timor on the south; and in the Indian Ocean to the Laccadive Islands on the west. Yet it is apparently wanting in the Panamic region and in the eastern Atlantic, where it is replaced by allied species. TRICHASTER PALMIFERUS. Euryale palmiferum Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert., vol. 2, 1816, p. 539. Tricaster palmifer AGassiz, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel, vol. 1, 1835, p. 193. Trichaster palmiferus MGuLER and TroscueEt, Sys. Ast., 1842, p. x1v and 120. Localities.— Albatross station 4929, Colnett Strait, lat. 30° 12’ 30” N.; long. 130° 43’ E., 84 fathoms, broken shells, coral, pebbles, bottom temperature 74.8°, 2 specimens; station 4931, Colnett Strait, lat. 30° 12’ N.; long. 130° 43’ 40’’ E., 83 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, coral, bottom temperature 75.4°, 1 specimen. In the specimen from station 4931 each radial shield carries a small conical tubercle at its distal end. Such tubercles are wanting in the other specimens. GORGONOCEPHALUS CARYI. Astrophyton caryi LYMAN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 424. Gorgonocephalus caryi Lyman, Challenger Oph., 1881, p. 264. Astrophyton stimpsonii VeRRILL, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, 1869, p. 388. Gorgonocephalus japonicus DépERLEIN, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 321. Localities —Albatross station 2844, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56’ N.; long. 165° 40’ W., 54 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 15 / 288 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. specimens; station 2847, off Alaska, lat. 55° 1’ N.; long. 160° 12’ W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 3 specimens; station 2850, off Alaska, lat. 54° 52’ N.; long. 159° 46’ W., 21 fathoms, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.2°, 1 specimen; station 2852, off Alaska, lat. 55° 15’ N.; long. 159° 37’ W., 58 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 41.8°, 29 specimens; station 2853, off Alaska, lat. 56° N.; long. 154° 20’ W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom tem- perature 41°, 2 specimens; station 2854, off Alaska, lat. 56° 55’ N.; long. 153° 4’ W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 2 specimens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17’ N.; long. 148° 36’ W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 2870, off Washington, lat. 46° 44’ N.; long. 124° 32’ W., 58 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 46.5°, 13 specimens; station 2873, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 40 fathoms, rocks, bottom temperature 47.8°, 3 specimens; station 2874, off Washington, lat. 48° 30’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 27 fathoms, rocks, shells, bottom temperature 50.3°, 2 specimens; station 2887, off Oregon, lat. 43° 58’ N.; long. 124° 57’ W., 42 fathoms, clay and pebbles, bottom temperature 47.1°, 2 specimens; station 3047, off Oregon, lat. 46° 47’ N.; long. 124° 30’ 15’” W., 50 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 4 specimens; station 3051, off Ore- gon, lat. 43° 59’ 15’ N.; long. 124° 58’ 30’’ W., 59 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, 1 specimen; station 3081, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59’ N.; long. 124° 20’ W., 61 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tem- perature 45.8°, 1 specimen; station 3106, off California, lat. 37° 21’ N.; long. 122° 51’ W., 77 fathoms, fine gray sand, 2 specimens; station 3174, off California, lat. 38° 15’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 14’ 15’’ W., 65 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 49.5°, 1 specimen; station 3213, off Alaska, lat. 54° 10’ N.; long. 162° 57’ 30’’ W., 41 fathoms, black sand, 3 specimens; station 3214, off Alaska, lat. 54° 13’ N.; long. 163° 6’ W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 1 specimen; station 3240, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 30’ N.; long. 159° 35’ 30’” W., 144 fathoms, fine black sand, 9 specimens; station 3241, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 38’ 30’ N.; long. 159° 33’ 30’ W., 14 fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 38°, 2 specimens; station 3250, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 11’ 30’” N.; long. 163° 2’ 45’’ W., 174 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 46.2°, 4 specimens; station 3251, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 35’ 50’” N.; long. 164° 5’ W., 25.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37.5°, 12 specimens; station 3252, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 22’ 20’” N.; long. 164° 24’ 40’’ W., 29.5 fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 1 specimen; station 3254, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 50’ N.; long. 164° 27’ 50’’ W., 46 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 36.2°, 1 specimen; station 3272, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 31’ 40’’ N.; long. 163° 7’ W., 31 fathoms, black and red sand, bottom temperature 42°, 2 specimens; station 3274, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 34’ 30’’ N.; long. 162° NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL: MUSEUM—CLARK. 289 31’ 45” W., 19 fathoms, black sand, shells, 5 specimens: station 3276, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 51’ 15’’ N.; long. 162° 3’ W., 18 fathoms, gravel, sand, rocks, bottom temperature 42°, 2 specimens; station 3278, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 12’ 30’’ N.; long. 162° 13’ W., 47 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 38.8°, 1 specimen; station 3280, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 27’ N.; long. 162° 8’ W., 36 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 21 specimens; station 3281, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14’ N.; long. 161° 41’ 15’’ W., 36 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, 7 specimens; station 3282, Bering sea, lat. 56° 30’ 45’ N.; long. 161° 50’ 15’’ W., 53 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.2°, 2 specimens; station 3284, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 16’ 50’’ N.; long. 160° 53’ W., 25 fathoms, fine gravel, bottom tem- perature 43°, 2 specimens; station 3285, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 45’ 45’ N.; long. 160° 42’ 45’’ W., 35 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 41°, 3 specimens; station 3286, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 39’ 30’’ N.; long. 160° 29’ W., 37 fathoms, fine gray sand, shells, gravel, bottom temperature 41.5°, 1 specimen; station 3287, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 44’ 30’’ N.; long. 159° 16’ W., 16 fathoms, black sand, 1 specimen; station 3294, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 16’ 45’’ N.; long. 159° 3’ 30”’ W., 30 fathoms, black gravel, bottom temperature 41°, 1 speci- men; station 3297, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 38’ N.; long. 159° 7’ 30’” W., 26 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41.5°, 1 specimen station 3301, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 12’ 45’’ N.; long. 160° 37’ 30’’ W. 17 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3304, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 2’ 30’’ N.; long. 161° 13’ 45’’ W., 28 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3306, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 24’ 30’’ N.; long. 161° 17’ W., 33 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 38.9°, 1 specimen; station 3321, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 33’ 30’’ N.; long. 167° 15’ 40” W., 54 fathoms, dark mud, bottom temperature 41.5°, 1 specimen; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28’ 45’’ N.; long. 167° 23’ 50’ W., 35 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 1 specimen; station 3323, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 26’ N.; long. 167° 31’ 10’’ W., 51 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 42°, 1 speci- men; station 3326, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 40’ 25’’ N.; long. 167° 41’ 40” W., 576 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 166° 48’ 50’’ W., 350 fath- oms, mud, 2 specimens; station 3443, off Washington, lat. 48° 15’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 11’ 20’ W., 97 fathoms, green mud, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 1 specimen; station 3449, off Washington, lat. 48° 29’ 40’” N.; long. 124° 40’ 10’” W., 135 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 4 specimens; station 3452, off Washington, lat. 48° 24’ 40’ N.; long. 124° 29’10’’ W., 125 fathoms, rocky, black gravel, bottom temperature 44.5°, 1 specimen; station 3454, off Washington, lat. 34916°—Bull. 75—11——19 290 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 48° 27’ 50’’ N.; long. 124° 42’.40’’ W., 152 fathoms, gray sand, rocky, bottom temperature 44.2°, 3 specimens; station 3465, off Washington, lat. 48° 21’ N.; long. 123° 14’ W., 48 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 49.9°, 4 specimens; station 3480, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 6’ N.; long. 171° 45’ W., 283 fathoms, black sand, coral, rocky, 2 specimens; station 3483, Bering sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 171° 18’ W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens; station 3484, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18’ N.; long. 171° 54’ W., 60 fathoms, blue mud, bottom temperature 37.4°, 1 specimen; station 3504, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57’ N.; long. 169° 27’ W., 34 fath- oms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 37.8°, 1 speci- men; station 3505, Bering Sea, lat.57° 9’ N.; long. 168° 17’., W.,44 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 1 specimen; station 3507, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 43’ N.; long. 164° 42’ W., 31 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 3511, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 32’ N.; long. 169° 38’ W., 39 fathoms, fine sand, dark mud, bottom temperature 37.2°, 2 specimens; station 3512, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 49’. 30’’ N.; long. 169° 27’ W., 38 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 1 specimen; station 3513, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 27’ N.; long. 169° 1’ W., 35 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, 1 specimen; station 3514, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 22’ N.; long. 168° 21’ W., 21 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom tempera- ture 40.8°, 1 specimen; station 3522, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 58’ N.; long. 170° 9’ W., 41 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, bottom tem- perature 35.7°, 1 specimen; station 3523, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 39’ N.; long. 170° 2’ W., 39 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom tempera- ture 38°, 1 specimen; station 3524, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 24’ N.; long. 169° 56’ W., 36 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 40.3°, 1 specimen; station 3527, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 48” N.; long. 171° 21’ W., 52 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 1 speci- men; station 3528, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 19’ 30’’ N.; long. 172° 2’ W., 55 fathoms, dark green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen; station 3536, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5’ N.; long. 170° 35’ W., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 1 specimen; station 3540, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 27’ N.; long. 166° 8’ W., 51 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 36°, 1 speci- men; station 3541, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14’ N.; long. 164° 8’, W., 49 fathoms, black mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 36.1°, 1 specimen; station 3542, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 10’ N.; long. 163° 26’ W., 49 fath- oms, dark mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 39.2°, 1 specimen;. station 3547, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 16’ N.; long. 165° 45’ W., 51 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 45°, 1 specimen; station 3559, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 56’ N.; long. 169° 52’ W., 39 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 42.5°, 1 specimen; station 3676 (no records of this are preserved), 3 specimens; station 3707, off Ose _ ) NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 29] Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, volcanic sand, ashes, gravel, 6 specimens; station 4777, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 49’ E., 43 to 52 fathoms, fine gravel, 3 specimens; station 4779, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 11’ N.; long. 179° 57’ E., 54 to 56 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, sand, 4 specimens; station 4782, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 55’ N.; long. 173° 27’ E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rock, gravel, 3 specimens; station 4784, off Attu Island, lat. 52° 55’ 40’’ N.; long. 173° 26’ E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 3 specimens; station 4787, off Copper Island, lat. 54° 50’ 50’’ N.; long. 167° 13’ 30’ E., 54 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4788, off Copper Island, lat. 54° 50’.24”’ N.; long. 167° 13’ E., 56 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4812, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 33’ N.; long. 138° 40’ K., 176 to 200 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 4874, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 38’ N.; long. 130° 3’ E., 66 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, bottom tempera- ture 59.7°, 1 specimen; station 4892, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27’ 30’’ N.; Jong. 128° 33’ E., 181 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 1 specimen; station 4912, Eastern Sea, lat. 31° 39’ 40’ N.; long. 129° 20’ E., 391 fathoms, gray globigerina ooze, bottom temperature 41.9°, 1 specimen; station 4935, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 57’ 20’’ N.; long. 130° 35’ 10’’ E., 103 fathoms, stones, bot- tom temperature 60.6°, 1 specimen, station 4983, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 35’’ N.; long. 140° 10’ 40”’ E., 428 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 3 specimens; station 4985, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 5’ 20’’ N.; long. 140° 15’ 15’’ E., 224 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.1°, 3 specimens; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 40’’ N.; long. 140° 22, 40’’ E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 2 specimens; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19’ 20’” N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 1 specimen; station 5005, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 4’ 40”’ N.; long. 142° 27’ 30”’ E., 42 to 43 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 30.7° ?, 2 specimens; station 5006, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 4’ N.; long. 142° 29’ E., 42 to 43 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 36.1°, 1 specimen; station 5007, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 3’ N.; long. 142° 31’ E., 42 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 34.8°, 2 specimens; station 5008, off Saghalin, lat. 46° 7’ 50’’ N.; long. 142° 37’ 20” E., 40 fath- oms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 speci- men; station 5020, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 45’’ N.; long. 145° 7’ 30” E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 1 specimen; station 5021, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32’ 30’’ N.; long. 145° 8’ 45’’ E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 3 specimens. Wrangel, Alaska, 1 specimen; Un- alaska, 30 fathoms, 1 specimen; Ikatan Bay, Alaska, 1 specimen; 292 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Killisnoo, Alaska, 1 specimen; Straits of Fuca, 1 specimen; Alaska, 7 specimens; Constantine Harbor, 8 to 10 fathoms, 1 specimen; lat. 66° 12’ N.; long. 168° 54’ W., 1 fragment; Menem Bay, Siberia, 5 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 5 specimens; locality ?, 8 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 8 to 576 fathoms. Temperature range, 60.6° to 30.7°. Three hundred and four specimens. This unusually fine series of ‘‘ basket-fish,” ranging in disk diameter from 9 to 115 mm. (this being, I believe, the largest ophiuran on record), has enabled me to detaumiine the status of some of the many species of Gorgonocephalus. There is, I think, no room for doubt that G. stimpsonii and G. japonicus are both synonyms of G. caryi, the last name having priority. There is much individual diversity in the abundance and coarseness of the granules on the disk, as well as in the number and length of the arm divisions. Thus a specimen from off California has few long arm divisions and small granules confined to the radial shields, while the Saghalin and many Alaskan speci- mens have many short arm divisions and coarse, irregular granules all over the disk. Specimens similar to the one from California are in the collection, however, from Alaska and also from Japan, and intergradations between the extremes are common. The specimen from station 4935 (disk diameter 21 mm.) is notable for long, narrow genital slits and the presence of only 2 arm spines on most of the joints, and those two unusually long, though they do not equal the joint. There is more than a possibility that cary: is not specifically distinct from eucnemis, but I have not had sufficient material of the latter species to enable me to settle the point. My suspicions go even further and lead me to think that agassizu, ewenemis, and caryr may prove to be three names for a single species. Material from the west coast of Greenland and the regions north of America would be very desirable in settling the question. The geographical range of caryi from California northward and northwestward to nearly 60° N. in Bering Sea, and thence southward and southwestward to below 31° N. in the Eastern Sea is remarkably extensive. GORGONOCEPHALUS SAGAMINUS. Gorgonocephalus sagaminus D6DERLEIN, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 321. Localities. —Albatross station 3707, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 to 75 fathoms, volcanic sand, ashes, gravel, 11 specimens; station 3715, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 65 to 68 fathoms, voleanic sand, shells, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3720, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 63 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, 1 specimen; station 3740, off Ose Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 65 fathoms, volcanic sand, shells, pebbles, 3 specimens; station 4894, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 33’ N.; long. 128° 32’ 10’’ E., 95 fathoms, green sand, broken shells, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1’ 40/" rege NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 293 N.; long. 140° 22’ 40’ E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 specimen; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19’ 20” N.; long. 140° 17’ E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 59 to 172 fathoms. Temperature range, 44.8° to 33.9°. Nineteen specimens. This is a beautiful and well-characterized species, easily recognized by the very fine granulation and minute arm spines. The specimens before me range in disk diameter from 9 to 50 mm. and vary in color from very pale gray to yellowish-gray and fawn-color. ASTROPHYTON CORNUTUM. Gorgonocephalus cornutus K@Hurr, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (8), vol. 4, 1898, p. 368. Astrophyton coniferum D6DERLEI, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 325. Astrophyton cornutum Ka@uurr, Siboga Oph. Litt., 1905, p. 127. Localities —Albatross station 4929, Colnett Strait, lat. 30° 12’ 30/’ N.; long. 130° 43” E., 84 fathoms, broken shells, coral, pebbles, bottom temperature 74.8°, 2 specimens; 4931, Colnett Strait, lat. 30° 12’ N.; long. 130° 43’ 40” E., 83 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, coral, bot- tom temperature 75.4°, 8 specimens. These specimens vary in color from nearly white to light reddish- brown. Although they are small (disk diameter, 9 to 13 mm.), there seems to be no question as to their identity with Déderlein’s species, coniferum. As I can not find any tangible character by which they can be distinguished from cornutum of Keehler I am obliged to con- sider the names as synonyms. ASTROPHYTON PARDALIS. > Astrophyton pardalis D6pERLEIN, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 323. Astrophyton globiferum D6pDERLEIN, Zool. Anz., vol. 25, 1902, p. 324. Localities.— Albatross station 3729, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 34 fathoms, mud, gravel, 2 specimens; station 3735, off Omai Zaki, Honshu Island, Japan, 36 fathoms, coarse gray volcanic sand, broken shells, 2 specimens; station 4781, near Agattu Island, lat. 52° 14’ 30’’ N.; long. 174° 13’ E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature, 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 4875, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 19’ N.; long 130° 9’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 1 specimen; station 4877, Korea Strait, lat. 34° 20’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 11’ E., 59 fathoms, fine gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 62.1°, 1 specimen; station 4934, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 60.6° to 56°, 1 specimen; station 5070, suruga Gulf, lat. 35° 3’ 25’” N.; long. 138° 47’ 40’’ E., 108 fathoms, mud, sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 57.6°, 1 specimen; Fusan, Korea, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 34 to 482 fathoms. Temperature range, 62.1° to 38.6°. Ten specimens. 294 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Although these specimens vary in color from uniform very dark brown, through yellow spotted with blackish, to uniform light gray with the larger tubercles white, and in size from a disk diameter of 6 mm. to one of 65, I am utterly unable to differentiate them into more than a single species. The specimen from station 4781 is only 6 mm. across the disk and is very dark purplish-brown; it is very possibly not this species, but I know of no other to which it can be referred. The specimen from station 3735, 11 mm. across the disk, is undoubtedly pardalis as it answers to Déderlein’s description in every particular; the name is peculiarly appropriate to such a speci- men. The specimen from station 4934 is similar but is much larger (40 mm. disk diameter) and the colors are dimmer, so that the spotting is much less noticeable. Moreover many, if not most, of the granules have lost their acicular points and scattered all over the upper sur- face of the arms are rounded, whitish tubercles; a few are present also on the disk. The specimen from station 4875 (disk diameter, 21 mm.) differs only in that the ground color is gray, not at all yellowish, with the spots dull purplish, and the granules are nearly all rounded, very rarely with a point. The specimen from station 4877 (disk diameter, 53 mm.) is like the last mentioned, but there are no spots or markings of any kind; the color is yellowish-gray, with tubercles and large granules whitish. The specimen from Fusan (65 mm.) is similar but the color is very pale brown. Finally, the specimen from station 5070 (53 mm.) is like the one from station 4877, but is a little lighter gray and the granules are even more flat and pavement-like; the white tubercles are still evident, however, par- ticularly well out on the arms. The situation, therefore, is this: The specimen from station 3735 is pardalis; the specimen from station 4934 is undoubtedly the adult of the same; but the specimen from station 4877 can not be separated specifically from it; yet the speci- men from station 5070, which appears to be A. globiferum, is un- doubtedly conspecific with the one from station 4877. Therefore globiferum appears to be a synonym of pardalis. EURYALE ANOPLA, new species.@ Disk 34 mm. in diameter; arms about 170 mm. long, each with eight or nine forks. Disk covered with asmoothskin. Radial shields conspicuous, moderately broad and arched, meeting at center of disk or nearly so; each shield carries two to five low, blunt, inconspicuous tubercles. Upper surface of arms, which are rather higher than broad, covered with smooth, naked skin. Interbrachial spaces below heavily granulated, except distally. Genital slits conspicuous. Sur- a” Avordoc, signifying not heavy-armed, in reference to the absence of large conical tubercles and spines on the disk. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM—CLARK. 995 face of oral frame and lower surface of arms covered with a smooth, ’ naked skin. Apex and sides of jaws more or less finely but irregularly tuberculous. Teeth broad, truncate or bluntly pointed, about five or six in each series. First pair of tentacles nearer mouth than they are to margin of oral frame, without scales or spinules of any kind; succeeding pairs protected by two subequal, finely thorny, very blunt, club-shaped spines, not quite as long as a joint and half as thick as long; on outer branches of arm, these spines become slender, and hook- Fic. 144.—EURYALE ANOPLA. X 1.5. a, FROM ABOVE; b, FROM BELOW; C, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. bearing at tip. Color (dried from alcohol), dark brown, lighter at tips of arms; oral frame and under side of arms dull yellow. Locality — Albatross station 4934, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 58’ 307 N.; long. 130° 32’ E., 103 to 152 fathoms, bottom temperature 60.6° to 56°, 1 specimen. Type.—Cat. No. 25590, U.S.N.M., from station 4934. This species is so well characterized by the nearly naked disk and the perfectly smooth arms that it can not be mistaken for either of the other species of the genus. END EX. [The important reference to each genus and species is in heavy-faced type.) Page. acanthinobrachia, Ophiobyrsa.......-.-.-- 269, 270 acanthinotata, Ophiacantha..............-..-. 203 AcCHNtMINUS | AUMpPHIGDIUS =. ...- 62 4s--- 0-2 = 168 @phiophrixuse.22-- 4. -=----<-.-- 273 acontophora, Ophiomitra...-.-. ion Sn seas 15,190 ACryStata, AMPOWITAS. .- c= sss e ns =<- 10, 145, 147 aciledtas ASUCMAS-sscrsc a socseccc <= nncce es 128 Ophiopholise-- 2 acsscs-5-e-ne2- ose 4, 9, 12, 15,19, 115, 116, 128, 131, 133, 196 ACMOAtUSs Op Mam DIK soa. eeciceine = scee es 13,114 adiaphora, Ophiacantha......... 8,18, 199, 200, 202 adspersus, Ophiernus.........----. 10,12, 15,95, 96 agassizii, Gorgonocephalus........-...------- 292 al ba OPIMO ZO ae ase ie =i clele ae inielewriaiwie wie = 36 aloata tOphiogbypN aso ace petaee oo cleicterevciowin 68 PATTI NUE DISteeme = conan aes einem clei eciae mere 15 PAD YTACCH a as crccsiisos a= ae crsi=t- 172 Dlatytabasccse-c5-2c.c5 ~~ aral- o== 20, 158, 162, 166 BANGISELO Uda meer aeite l= trem ia = = 20,161, 162 craterodmeta.....2--.--.=«- 8, 155, 156 GipiGilar eee sac sae winiaforsi 20, 162, 169 GULYASDIS 4-2 = oe 9,17, 20,158, 159 PIU AGTAS DIS eiayreta atic = 10, 20, 157, 165 Occidentalisaas ena. eee s « 11,155 penieretare.c-.0-% -- << = 11,160, 161 PSUOchONAee tees Sane <= slices a cle 165 Simon sy loplaxee seen sss <- = 10, 164 UIUC Bees see eae sec oe oe aces 11,154 FAN HIODIUSe eee aac 158, 162, 169, 170, 171,173 ACAUHITIUS epaeeecisceeie <2 2 ess 168 ihexacanihussereet-- cen os - 10,170 THOMA ONMIUS = royereistnisic seia'=:~ iste = ini< ls 170 rhadinobrachius............- 167, 168 PACA Lp HO LIS = ee sete terse sana laimiieial 219, 224 muliptus, OPWOdGMS---—----.------------=- 179 OMOp lata ask oe Lee. ae 16,202 marmorata, Pectinura..............----..--- 25 MENTAL OUAS ae ceene omen = seen Dy medusa, Ophioplinthus: --2-.=---....:-....- 21 16, 17,18, 20,196, 198, 200, 201, 205 megalaspis, Ophiarachnella......-.------- 5,25, 27 PHONOTA =< enamine rem 13,213 AMePApOMMa O PHUULAe ses ee =. e-=~-.-Se~s 79 Telicta ss o-/5 === =' = 155, 161 synaptacantha...........- 18,270, 271 cedidiseca, Ophiacantha.....-..-.-.------- DIG. 224 al @OMMNOCAMaAX .... os =~ omnes e sansa eee ene 195 jdiplax, Ophiura._.--..-------.----- 12,16,74, 75 lithos0ras .ss-=-- eaatee 187,191, 192 Cedipus: Ophiocreas: .....---.----------+--=- 283 poly plocaz... Stee 5, 18,193 omoplata, Ophiacantha.........-..-------- 16, 202 TUPOSAS cto eseee eee Se 195 eoplax, Ophiocten....-....-..--2-.------+-=- 99 | Ophioceramis obstricta........-..----------- 250 Ophiacantha... 2,3,15,18,19, 20, 21, 28, 185, 195,213, | Ophiochiton fastigatus...................--- 133 217, 221, 222, 225, 228, 234, 236, 249,250 | Ophiocnida..........-....------------------- 173 AeA tnInNObaAtan: 2. cssie 2 ~2c= = POST | OpPBIOCOM ss c> sce tas Senos eee 16, 22, 257 agiaphora. >22-4---- 8,18,199, 200, 202 brewipessecseseoeeecasseoskees 256 sn¢enilapiace <2... -=-- == 14,204, 206 echinatat ss. wer cas he See ee 22 BUOPOSUOIMAY = ecces--\s2s6-25-° 18,228 CQINACEA etc ac. coccace nce seats 257 300 INDEX. Page Page. Ophioconiaierinaceulsa-ee--- ae eee eee ee ee eee 257 | Ophioleptoplax...........--.. pe eee ete 278 papillosanct <2 .sc-see ce senae sees 257 MONON) ene oodsoorienoe > 279 THSCleoe anne a= SARS oe eee 22/4 Ophiologimuss sescses-— oe eee oe eee 252 Ophiocomidaess 255-25 2 Beek 6,256 NEXACESE. 2. cei oecne eee ae 252 Ophioconis....-. bal eSNG See 2.28) 2300232) | OPMHOMAS Santana seer Reese eee 256 ANLATC ICA ss see ee eee eee 28530) |. OphioMasttisesens- === eee eee nee eens 92 diastatase cess eeeee ee ena 27. 280) Opbiomitrasa-sesssee- 2,15, 19, 185, 188, 191, 195, 217 WMIATIASe ee cee oan eee AOE ee 28, 30 ACOntOPHOLao)-een eee ae eee 15,190 pA Dill ebay ae eee ee 28, 30 Ibyihiaspiscee sess seeeee 14,185, 192, 193 Ophiocrasiss 2. o-oo ee seas cece 175 cardiomorpha.......--.-.......- 179 dicty discatse=-eeaseenc eee oe 175, 177 codonomorpha........-.-...-.. 14,188 Ophioereasicedipus=- esse saece nse eee ae 283 GSC YiCla Sea ee eer 181, 183, 184 Ophioctensbrevispinume sees eee ee 98, 99 halbrotieiia=2-ee-eee ease ee ee 5,182 charischema.........------- 5,18,97, 99 COOL CLO Jo EVAL Ae fa are ee 18, 184 GepressumMper eset ee ee ee ce eee ee 98 polyacanthas. ~~ 3 oe aera 18,187 OO Plamen = sees shane ee ae 99 ||, Ophiomusium=s oe. eee ae cee eee 18, 19, 20, 92 PACINCUM sss 252 sce eee cae 9,14, 96 SGT 2 UGA eee eee ae 112 Ophiocynodusi 4-2-2520 aesseee oe eee 274,276 cancellatuims 22. ----— 15, 20, 106, 112 Corynetesi=. ese eee eae ee 10,274 eburneumere sees eee se ceees 112 Ophiodermatide.........- ev dee pan Mee a Te 6,23 | Plabrumns we .seessea seas 114 @phiodorisanalipnuss-+-2s-2eeesesee cee ee 179 Jollens seen ees = eens 9, 20,111 pericalles........ fer rapes 5, 18,177 laqueat ums pense eeee aces 18, 106 Ophiogly Phan. ssss.sscs= se sehen mee ee 36 lumare .- 58. sence sceee 18, 20,107 abate ee ee eee 68 liifkent)=95 see esse eee ee 18, 20,107 CIEIN GH See ae eta eee eee sere 67 lymani....- 9, 12,15, 17, 18, 20, 63,107 Confragosa..isecece se saat ss see 65 multispinum......-. 10, 14,118, 114 GiviSaesoce sae oee name cen reee 65 SAMChUM Soe oe peeneee ses 109 flagellatavssssteaeee seen ee ae 60 simplex sco -esc--- 5, 18, 20,109, 111 OTANGISS sete or er eee nen eres 62, 63 trychnuim)<3-seaeeae see 20,109, 111 imibectlliseeyecs eae eee ee 62) ||) (Ophiomy xa = 2552 35-28 ee sae seeael= 18, 273, 274, 277 INVOlUtat ee ee eee ee aes 62, 63 anisacanthanne. esse se se 5, 20,271, 272 UITOLALA cs sas see eee eons 62 BuStrealisee is. 4e een ee 18, 20,271, 272 jejunasco ket cae eee eee 67..| Ophiomy xid yas eeeee eee eee ee 6,269 Asin DErei< 5 Se aeisemeeeee eee i] \(pOphionephthiyss-ee sseesee eaeeeee aS one ees 147 MUN PIMA <5 see eee eeee 55: Ophionereis..20-.4.-2052 25-5 -eceeace eee Ree 175 Miithkeni cers cee crete cae 45 annua tas. cee eee tee eeeee 174 MACIlalaasse pee eE Cae eee 49 eurybrachiplax-2..e2s-seceeese 10,173 ODbI Gata ses, saa ee ee 62, 63 MUGS os soos =i eles eee ee eee 174 ponderosdvacsecnpeee aeeeeeee es 17 POLE Cla seis e ee ease eee 174, 177 LODUSCA sempre See ee eee 51 SCHAYENI. 535.7 cee eaeene cee 174 Sculp tay. cere eee ee eee 73) |) Ophiopeniay 6 =e s-2.< occa cease eee 19, 102 SCul piiliss. =e eee eee eee 77 disacanths). 242 cade. ssoeeeaeer oe 8, 102 Simensisi selec aero eee eee 37 Letnacanthane sess eeeeeeeee 104, 105 SOlida = 25s Saaeees ee eee cee On| Ophiopholisteea-cac--ssee4-eeee 18,19, 114,115, 116 Stehea ss \o sac eeeee a se eee 75 aculeata... -s5aseseeeere 4,9, 12, 15, GUM OSB sa nee eee 62, 63 19, 115, 116, 128, 131, 133, 196 WORE = oososcosssoscsceen= ceed: #91 var. japonica.........--- 15, Varia bilist eo e=ee eee seeeeee a 17,115, 116, 121, 128, 128 Ophiogymna...-....-...-.--.---------.----- 268 var. kennerlyi..........-.-. nt Ophiogyptis. ..............-.------------+-+- 250 115, 116, 128, 132, 133 Ophiohelidze Se telaleleie (alee teat 179, 191, 195 Vane ny 1c =e eee 116 cat ee Se ae cea ae bakeri......- 10, 115, 116, 121, 123, 128 USO Bere Spee ecaeenceD 2707 : Ophiolebes.........-.--- 18, 20, 195, 207, 221, 240, 248 he ee ap cae ae cae eee Be ASAPHES*? Soe cas cec emo nenas eames 8, 289 : pfs Tne aga : 193, 197 ibrachiyeavavhaweeee sees eee 8, 16, 240 Japonica: Sa SS Eye tear aie tinea q brevispings.~.s42ns04. eee ee 20, 247 kennerlyi...-.-.-----.--- 115, 132, 133 diaphoras=s-222ss9-2oe= 20,245, 246, 247 longispina..............-.-.-.-+-- 10, pachybactra...--..--.-.------- 242,244 115, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123, 128 DAIGispinay ee eee eee 20, 246, 247, 248 MATa DWLiss ae 8,19, 115,116,117, 119 SCOLLEIIS ea. Sone te ae 940). | ODHIOPHTI RUS = sees < sone oe ane eee 272 tiylotaeesecs soe eee 8, 20, 243,244, 246 acanthinus= 2-2 <- 2: o:522ssee=e= 273 Vestitus= sea She eee eee 949))|) Ophiophrurastsa A ees 249 Ophiolepisamibricatas a= eee eee 30) | POphioplinthuss a seeees ses ere eee ree ae 21 Mine DIiSeeeeee ees Ba ERE oe 117 PTISCR 2257-42 oe eee ae eae 21 Sundevallliinsses.aseee eee nee eee 141 MOGUSAseA Shc eet ee Ee ee 21 _ ~~ ~~~ verre — ee ese ee SS hl Sh See ee INDEX. 301 7 Page Page, Ophioplocus.............--.-------+-2++--+-- 16 | Ophiura quadrispina............. 8,18, 19,55, ea eee al, Be oe ee uae 30,31 37, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 55, 131, 196 Wpiniononasapeee eres esc a sestece assoc ene 239 aculaie Rae he rM et. CS Sok con ae 5, 43 Ophiopteris antipodum=...2...-25.......-.-- 257 sculptilis........--.+---.2---2--- 12,13, 77 Paige es ne Fe ee 19 367 sterea....-........2.. 7, 75, 76, 78, 84, 85, 88 Msianyrepeee me: ere Ne 92 SUphia ds =tee =: eaecees ace 12, 18,82, 84, 85 (OVER ka Se a ee 254, 255 | SUUWAZIID ees eee a eee oe 12,73 TMOMACATITN AS see nee eee ole er ame DEL TASeS Hee aint ener bak waaay ames 250 COMMIOSCOle xe enae hee see ne 114, 252, 253 ODSTLIChIS aes. fesse ese eae 5,18, 250 MPNIGSHV TAC eee se see eke s cosbe csc ce 253 | orbiculata, Ophioglypha..................... 62, 63 trachyacanthum...........-. 253 @phiosyzySUsse) oes enn se 275, 276, 277, 279 pachybactra, Ophiolebes.................. 242, 244 disscanthusse: 2c su.csece-2 18,276 | pacificum, Ophiocten...................... 9,14,96 DEI Ono Ate ene PE a. | 1057) ealuaifen, ricasters. 2 4-22-522.scees soos. 287 MEIOTIC ce eee eee ee ee pene 6, 257 | Palmiferum, Euryale...................-.... 287 @phiothnxeses-) 16, 18, 19, 21, 36, 121, 260, 265,268 | Palmiferus, Trichaster....................... 287 ICUS eee wren as bal 957 | panchyendyta, Ophiothrix............... 264, 265 BLIStOLT Re ee ete ees ee” 965 | Panniculus, Ophiotrochus................... 95 iy] OGeSaee ete ne atest 263, 265 | Papillata, Ophioconis....................... 28, 30 koreana.... 5,12,17,18,257, 260,264,265 | Papillosa, Ophiocoma.................--..-. 257 HON PINS A REM ee see Sciokos ceca 263 Ophiopteriss se 55-3625 -e sean 10,257 macrobrachia...............-- 5,18,267 | Papyracea, Amphilepis...-..--.....--....... 72 panchyendyta................ 264, 265 pardalis, Astrophyton................. 18,298, 294 PICT tae ne ee eee 10,262 | Paucispina, Ophiolebes...........- 20,246, 247, 248 Ra OLOLL Le ot ees a aaa, case aches 952, | Pectinura ....0. 222.202.2222. 00--- 2 oseeessee 28 (OPN POO NTs oe ee ee 14,15 ANCHISta ess a=iocock ons ee Se ase doe 23, 25 Jonpispintis (eo ee os eels ck: 14, 94 eylindrica.........-...-.--+..+-++-- 25 panniculus CN Mp khan 2 9 - 95 MATIMNOLALLS Jem oe ae A oetteaes eee 25 Bypigrena een 8k ost cca s ae 18, 102 SUG ANH SU eee eee ee ee 25 aA ee a S67) betuchra, Op hire eee eae see eee ee 8,12, 84 Bonin psa a6 iy eo ol 33,34 | Pentacantha, Amphilimna.............-..- 10,172 Clan citee e e. 5,81, 33,34 | Pentagona, Ophiacantha....................- a FORPI Spin nearness sc ee $8, 36 16, 17,18, 20,196, 198, 200, 201, 205 RliSCAA ee oy =e 34 | Pergamena, Astroceras........-..-.-..-.- 5,18, 284 MUl Die ees dF 35 | Pericalles, Ophiodoris.................... 5,18,177 RIpipciee ee anne 5,36 | Periercta, Amphiodia.................. 11,160, 161 Ophintneeee eases aes: 3, 15, 18, 19, 21,36, 93 plana yAStELon yxeene senate es eam eee 287 PACT re a a 14,85 platy.discas O)phiezona=----—)-0--=.- -- see ane 34 ei eryaneme ere 13, 16,58, 60 platytata, Amphilepis-...........--.:-.. 13,16,171 prachiyactis eee... ksh 8,16,87 | Polyacantha, Ophiomitra...--............. 18,187 UL 75 | Polyplax, Ophiozona.................-...... 35 Calyptolepisaesc2e--2..222.<0- 67, 68, 69,70 polyploca, Ophiocamax...-...-..-......- 5,18, 193 CULiC eee Se 957 | pomphophora, Ophiura........-........- 89, 90, 91 Claxine eee e 14,64 | Ponderosa, Ophioglypha.................--.. 77 CON VOX Een 75 O phiptas sea ee-ee oa 9, 77.80, 81, 85 PoegiGlepicmee es ns. 9,69, 70 porrecta, Ophionereis..-.- <2. -<.---------- 174,177 Magellata:.....2.-...... 8, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 60 prionota,, Ophiacantha=s .-)-) sass sees eae 13,213 Pgptodices 1 c-e- 5. --<--2e0s-2 0. 91, 92 | Projecta, Ophiozona......-....-...----..---- 5,36 adres 11, 14,80 psilochoras-Aimphiodia2..c..ss--s----= sence ee 165 Panne 62 | psilopora, Amphiura.........-.-....---,- 153, 154 irom eee cc aces ==: 8,9, 10,14, 15,62, 63 | Pteropoma, Ophiactis..........-......---.--- 134 kinbergi...........-- 87, 44, 45, 46,47, 48,55 | Pugetana, Amphipholis...................- 11,166 leptoctenia... 4, 9,15, 18,19, 51, 55,58, 59, 60 Sa aera ee = Weetere ne he cas 55, 60 pustulata, Hemieuryale.......-...-2.-...-... 21 Ree nae 263 | Pycnostoma, AIM phi Wine tas ose Soe aera 151 MGR EDIES. 2 secs 5,11, 19, 44,45, 46, 47,55 | quadrispina, Ophiura.........-.- 8,18, 19,55, 58, 60 meee a relicta, Ophiacantha..........-....----- 20,219,221 Secs... 18.19.47 | rhachophora, Ophiacantha....-..-- 5,8, 9,18, 20,201 Seeahe ee.” 65. 67, 36 | thadinobrachius, Amphioplus.........--- 167, 168 HOGOS neta cise tos See 4,12, 70, 131,196 | aes SEs aan ea pps, oo 55) = tie 12, 16,74, 75 | robusta, Ophioglypha nee BAe race ccene ee 51 PN se re 8, 12, 84 Parueosa: © phiocamske ss nasa sc onan ee = a 195 pomphophora..............:...- 89, 90,91 | sagaminus, Gorgonocephalus............ 20, 21,292 and erosasees keene. 9,77, 80,81,85 | sanctum, Ophiomusium...........--.-.----- 109 302 INDEX. Page. Page. Sarsil, Ophiurac...s sa. sa -/sssstie occ seat 4,052) | sandeyalll, Ophiolepis -csess4--- 2 aaa eeeee 141 13,17, 18,19,37, 44, 45,46, 47,48, 55,131,196 | synaptacantha, Ophiobyrsa............ 18,270, 271 heyeri,aO phionereissao. ss. esto. cette 174 : ‘ ee 0 Pe o49 | tetracantha, Ophiopenia................... 104, 105 mais in 0 ame TR ee sO ee Ree 73 | trachyacanthum, Ophiostyracium........... 253 Sere a a s la iim tere cae mea ae 5.73 | tachybactra, Ophiacantha.................. 206 Bele eae Samia eer 4 trachy disca, Amiphiurace.. 250s essse= ee eeee 149 Sculptilis iOphiogly pha-.--=-- =. 5--2s--=-=--- i7 Tri j Opn he kt ane 12.13.77 MCAS LET 0a LM Te rarer eee eee ee 287 Ge ra enReNe Se ty Se ee 91 | Trichaster palmiferus.................-.-.--- 287 ae z 3 FASE SR ORT ay Rig Mr Re trychnum, Ophiomusium.............. 20,109. 111 simplex, Ophiomusium...-.....-.- 5,18, 20,109, 111 : 2 oat : 5 tuberculosa, Hemieuryale.....-...--.+--.-.% 21 sinensis) Ophiogly passe. se. ese see mi 37 : 2a tumulosa,’Ophioglypha.c..-s254--e.-2sss5-ee 62, 63 solida, Ophioglypha 2 91 y ? ane ; Sp ERASE esc Bt OT A tydota, Ophiolebess—-.----.4-42-5: 8, 20,243, 244, 246 spiculata, Ophiothrixes =. 2. 2225.24 - 2 = 10,262 : ? tedenali tpactinan a7 eee : 25 typica, Ophiopholis aculeata var............. 116 sterea, Ophioglypha..........-...----------- 75 | undata, Ophioglypha................22.....- 91 Ophiura yeaa esses 7,79, 76,78, 84,85,88 | urtica, Amphiodia..............-...---2--- 11,154 stimpsonii, Astrophyton ........--...------- 287 Amphititatos. --s5-e002 te eee 154,156 - Gorgonocephalus ....-..--------- 292 ae 4 a stimulea, Ophiacantha.............-.-----+- 229 | variabilis, Ophioglypha............-..-. sete 7 stiphra, Ophiura............-.---+- 12, 18/82 84,85 | vestitus, Ophiclepes.— ——— oe ono oo oo strongyloplax, Amphiodia.............----- TOSVES: || SYAV Bara; Ophiacantha re 213 StULWatzZil Oph naee se ees eee ect NAB erases Ophiacantha...--.-.-+-+-+++++++++++- 206 sundevalli; Am phiutas so escent owe = =a 12,141 PS ent ute ee ti Ry ui a if Uh Me a ONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRA ‘WML WU