CRLSSI | OT A SA ee Unt ARAN rr LV ARGR o a eo ce Pe ae a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 90 A MONOGRAPH OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE OF THE OLIGOCENE OF TAMPA, FLORIDA BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 yo | BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. — ‘a . aii ARLE ae B Ti), Issuep January 21, 1915. Ei Ir , Reais _ 3 . , ‘ * ’ & ' = h ' i H ‘ y- é . rp. Lee = 4 7 iy ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Mu- seum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of animals and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents of the volume. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa- sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The ma- jority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indis- pensable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Con- tributions from the National Herbariwm, has been published as bullets. The present work forms No. 90 of the Bulletin series. Ricuarp RatTHBun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. Wasuineron, D. C., November 25, 1914. Tit TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page TEVA TGC US COR SPS Se ee eS a ee ae ee 1 Prolerienl exploration of the bese 0 oo es oy pe er Z Relations of the fauna of the Orthaulax pugnax zone___________________ 16 RSTO ATU GES Sum Chl ANTE) TSR ea) ee eee eee ae a a ee eS a ee ng EES EURTD TY IS aS Gy wf a ee eee te ee Oe | PS oe 1% SRO Us gar) sae SJ RCCL Sc em 5 As ee a i8 SySeInal ee arb SeMeOM t= ae ee ee 22 Gastropodatese s= So sete oF ee Sk ee ee bs AES so 22 Orderge ulMOnath= === =o oe eS eee es eee 22 Ramilyse ECM Chae hese es eS a See oe ee Ae 22 GENTS CO DOES Ror a ry Ae 8h AS el eee 22 (Placioptycha)latebrosay = 2 ee ee 22 RN SCRUM OS aes se See ee eeu el Cire pine kha ee ee Fey 23 Genusselenrodonies ==. a. ee a ee 23 WUTTSUISTUC AN = sere nd a ee 23 CE US Gane soe ee ee eee ee eee eee 24 CUD CUAUOES csc es Se See ee ee ee 24 GIES PURORS se as jee ee ee eer See ee 24 Genus Poly oyraeee ae = eS ee a ee ee 24 Agama e ea see ee eee eee 24 Family Bulimulidae____-----_-__- rl alk aa a oie aN 25 Genus Bb wumUlU ss) = = See 2 oe ee ee 25 CEyperaulax:) sonidanis== == ee 25 heliprinianvs= = ees 25 SUTNT TET CAINE Sea eee ee 26 Campa Cy ee ae a ee ee 26 Daista ees keeer Se Pe 26 SL@ATNS Ue ee Se ee 2 CORE ess = Soe ee ee 27 TEMON ase ee ee 27 Wamilyes Cerionid aes sss es SS oe 28 Genus! Ceriona222 222 a a ee ee 28 (Hostrophia) janodonta= == ee 28 e Anodonta vale Horidanuim= ==) ee 28 Genus!Microcerionies 22 eee Ae ee ee ee 29 AOR GAN WIN oe 2 oe oo Le ee ee 29 Brreniiy Pu pilidne so et ee ee 29 CEE STETSS E UNTO O 1G Sea 29 TIL By Tay 29 ean eC cOuiae cpt LS ee eee 30 (GSTS, Orne eyo ni ee ee 30 Ora la Tig eee etree Sa Oe ee 30 VI CONTENTS, Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Pulmonata—Continued. Family Planorbidae___-_ Genus Planorbis____ CAT AGT Si SS Ghee ee dee ye ees (RorQuis) syillecoxde se ea eee Family Oleacinidae ____ Genus Spiraxis_____ GLISU SS soe Nee Reise earpiece al Set tampaees = 22 jesse 1! TE eee See ee Family Acteonidae__-___ GETITSTA CEC OT ae Ee pa a ee a ELD POA eh 2S id ec a Family Tornatinidae__-_ Genus Acteocina____ wetherilli squarrosa GenustReI Sa eee ee Oe ee See ines! ota ee ae vaginata_ Family Scaphandridae _ Genus Scaphander__ PO TCLE UN Sas a 2 SD ee Family Bullariidae ____ Genus Bullaria_____ DE EO Sas eee ee ee a ee ery ee (Hamines? "sulcobasiss: 222 eee eee Order Ctenobranchiata___—__ Mamiilty SPEre lr Gl ae aes ees ee eee ee eel eS Geniis Pere hres see Sa ee See em ee A, COX MTS TUS) FST OE elt ee ee ee Eerie get ea ee Eee eee MED Easy aa 0 TNT Ea ee etree a PO te ee Cee eae a Fenian Genus Conus______- planiceps ATULATA OUST Se ae ac SR AN, a a tl pa SAI Ee Regen ge Rea designatu Family Turritidae —_____ Ske a ee eh i ee Genus Turtigi ees ae Si the Eine ae eh oe albida = vibex____ (Surcula)servatae 22 eS eee eee Genus Drillia______ CONCOMINIa ee 2 ese pte, ET Se hE ee TREN O LET Beeler severina_ eupora___ belotheca Page. 30 20" 30 3t 31 31 31 - 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34. 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 42 CONTENTS, Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Family Turritidae—Continued. Genus Drillia—Continued. Slyiphostoma sxe 2s Saas air Ne ee ee (Cymatosyrinx 2») Sulfa ta ee See TOW TIGA te Genuste Man mr illig = 2 2% Sat eae en aire sas oe Ga ad AML ti ee see es ee ae ba oa Bi ee SS GING Cee ee eee a ee ee Hamily ©amecel lac ae mses c eee 2 eae al Se oe eS ASTON CTA CO LEN ET ae ed sae ed ee ee SPN UTO TSC eee ah Ne epee au a ee ee ATE BEG SS Ee oie CE ee Ae en teis MER ete (Syveltia) sspsind ete ese Jk a ee eee SFA EA TUT Die OD stasis Sao Ee a ee a oe GTN UL Se OI ey pee SS ea Ne ene SR Se SU LOTS ee A ot a Bd Re ae ee he ee SCS Dee FS ea Ny Bo A eee es GTS Nar) a Sg ae ae a a ee eee SHG ere Seg ay eels ee a ne Se Hamikys Marsinelinidae ses = sa ee ee ee CCE TNUES eV Ted TN UL ESS ages rl 2 a, Sa ee ee es eee EVN CH Ts Tee aa tie 2 ee ie Ee ee ee PLY Cesare av HTT a aa Ne an es ee ce AH Ch epee ee SSD] ae eee ES ee ee ee Pee elesantull aime = Sai eye ee See N eS ee eee IED ERIUE SS Fests aa a BT 2 ea a hee ee EDTA Bee ee fa ee ae ee oe ae GUA a eee ee ae eh ee Be TMV TAMA ese so ee ee ee TRO WTI AT ee ele eee ee ee Family Volutidae —__--- Se ee ak ena epee Se a es ee STU Sgn NN ke a ee pulchellas= 25. i Ae Se ee oe MSY Oh a a TUS LCI en ee ee ee Sili@abas + te 2s ee eee es PRA) easing ISLC et ye ere ee Oe ee ee ee Creme Vitae ere se a ee GS TNMAN CED Lc eR oe sc ce ee ee PSSSSSSzRH Vill CONTENTS. Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Family Mitridae—Continued. Genus) Strigatellatin> Sees o ot =e we ee ae oe eee SEIN VETS Ca oie ae iat on el ee Genus! Cononittra === ees ae ee a eee ee a ee SATIN Cat oe ae seeeeeee eee ern ey. on cya Ae ec peer ee amily urbinetlidaes == Sees 26 es ee ek ae gee ees Genusee Xan Gls eee ee eee ee eee eee POLY SONA ISS St Ne es ES See Geen e VS a eee ae ee eS subcapitellmm= == 2s oA Ns 2 te RE STON Te ee Sie Bere en ee ea Family Fasciolariidae______-__~ Oe Cian ee hs ben it ee a Genus asciolaria2 2s: es See0 Ser ee a eee HEE UTS ee eS a ete Wn ere le Trai a GenusHbiatinusssSe. oe Sak Bae ee ee USGS es ee oe ere ee ee See callimornphwus sss es oe es ess a ee CORTE UT STE US A a =e ae FS ie ee ae Bea DN as Nhe cee quinquespinus= 8322". aie se eee NO RA]ESH Pash Veh ee ae a ee Family Buceinite 22 ny a i ee ee GENUSHBUSy CONSE SIS A Maa ee EON Od Rie ea ee ean (spiniger var.?)/tampalense. =) a ee NOM Ue tint ee eee ECT Gen rns ee np = Re lee ee ote Genus Melons ena fete 18 ee ee ees Dae eg ee Se ee SEU p CU ele Ae eee tgs a ise ae tee Cee var. turricula Genus Solenosteira ENON: Va ea Uae se Ee ape ee tn Family Colubrariidves S20 ee ae Nt ee ee Genus Cayce ee ee a ee ee pauper ss) Es Ne et ed ees SS Sea Genus* PHOS hho Wek eae ee Re es es eee SD Sind eb eS a ee a ee Family Alectrionidae Genus Alectrion gardnerae Family Columbellidae Gentis" Colum bel etn 5 i a Ee eae ee ee (Angchis):eutherin= eae eee CASUYTIS) urea ye ee ee eluthe ral aes See dicaria CONTENTS. Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Family Muricidae____~_ Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Genus Murex:=:-~— MISSISSUPPICN SIS ee pe ae a eee eee (chrysotomagvar.>)schinolanus.—- 22" sss sexangul i ee ELODHONTEOR IMIS 2 eee ey Se ee GenusiCnicoreus 225... = eee eS oe es ee NEPTUNE rd oe epee erispan gular 22 426 ies eee ee ees TEV UUTEX SS ees ok ha pce ea we TOE es Se Purpura__-_ CEteropurpuka ei posti===- = 2a eS Muricidea__ VST pier i ee sg a sp. indet Tritonalia__ SGA TO SA en ee ee Ty phis=====— Siphoniferd — a2 — 22) sate eo ee 2 Se Goralliophila: 2. So “ss ss aap ae ee 8 ee magna_-_ Rapana —_~~ PAIR ENGIS Soo oy ec Rete. dupe Ot Ae piconicae =~ se Sh A AC ates 2 ae ee Family Eulimidae____-_ Melanella__ COMO CS eee ee ee eee (Eulima Family Pyramidellidae Genus Genus Genus Genus Pyramidella \mbOwdichits sess eer ee (Longchaets) crenulata——_-.____-__-----~- ees Turbonilla — (Ptycheulimella) ethellina=-—____=-_--_—--__ Odostomia — (Menestho);inipressaa= = Family Cypraeidae___— Cypraea —_- tumulus AVL) TLE ge ee ee ee ee ballista Family Cassididae ___- Genus Genus Genus Morum_____ @omincense, 2223 Family Strombidae —__ Orthaulax__ inornatu pugnax gabbi _- Strombus__- GS) 262 eS es a = chipolanus,==2.2—.—-=+--------==--_-+---==- liocyclus 14 MOM © =I ep te I= Rr Vs tee Pe © CRLLKLRSSS DAmMMDM CW OU OV OV Ol Om So ° RRRAR SK =i =] 1D % w x CONTENTS. Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Page. Family Cerithiidae______________----------------------~--- 88 Genus Bittium: se 2 eee aa ae eee 88 POTS CUTTS eae EN es A ee _ te s See 88 (prise Avars?) @SOrq eee eee 89 BME Say 2 ae a Oe ee Se ee ee 89 Genus 2Gerithiums 25s se ee ee eae 89 SOT LTAT UIT Ee eee ees eee 89 DEACCULSOR Se Sa ee ee eee eee 99 SD. dndets. oases ee Te AP SUS Se el 90 VEC GT NT gee ee Se A ee ee $0 Gens FE Oa sae aN aS ee ee epee eee 91 HUTS DOTOENSIS Ha eRe RE a 1 wee ee a 91 (Hampanella\jetransectives=- =e oe 91 (Pyrazisinus) campanulatus, 222 252s ess 92 COTMUE IES Vee ese ae a 92 MCU Ses ae 8 EO ee, 92 RamilyCerithiopsidaes2302 b= ae is eee eee 93 Genus Cerithiopsis = eee een ee 93 STE Gest ey s c a ROR e ) Se are ee 93 Hantily-Drichotro pid ae ts ea eee ne ee Nene eee 93 Gentis “LTriChO tO Dig ase ee ee ee ee 93 (Cenithiowerma) prima s2 === eee 938 HamilysModuliduet=.22 =e peat» Nat = Se 94 Genus Mogulus 222 2a < SAO obs © ee Te eee 94 CE UOITE Py LD M SARS UT Sip are 94 Hamily oirtorinidie a BSE Re LOL a 94 Genus: Toa Crm a eS es Se a Se ee 94 PLCCULSOLS 252 Aneel eee 2 ee ee ee eee 94 Panay. Cal CCl Gl aC seam eee SSS eee eee 95 GEIST ORES UM Se eh ee ee eee eee 95 SoMa TM ee Ae eee eee 95 Bamitly svermetidae tw vos Sse S eos ee eee ee 95 Genus Serpulorbis___-~_----_~~- Ret aes SUNS ee e 95 SrAnMifengc cme se Le ee 95 ballistae_______+ Od OE se Sle NDE ea 95 Gecussatay 422 22 se ee ae eee 96 Genus Petaloconchus 220 ee ee eer 96 SRT ARPT GS ees NN a ee 96 Genus); Vermiculariakc ss ssee eee ees 96 (Ansuinella) \yirsinicds es 26) 96 Genus (Siliquaning = 22s eee eee ee ee 97 SVL sig es es els Be Ne ae eee Sue yk ee 97 Family: Turriielidae 2.5. Se een ae Se ee 97 Genus “Durritellase 2s ss Sees a ee ee ea 97 CAT VC ee er SS ee eee eee 9T Vers ctriparuita es eee ee es ee 9T (tampae var. ?) medioconstricta________--___- 98 PAgodAeLormise. 220s ses ee 98 meralobasis 22-25 ew ee 98 chipolanals2ee ee ee st ee ee eee 98 CONTENTS. Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Family Turritellidae—Continued. Genus Turritella—Continued. systoliata -.-> sss MEET THA as ese a ELTA CASA ee, ees ea Hamuily sVivaparidae = = ie ees Goenusmibioplax == en aie fOFIGhnal ot sears HamilyAssiminiidae 2-2 ee Genus Assiminea.. +2 ___ VSVIKG Sips T, gpece ARN 2 Rela ee Hamiily co issoidae.s S22 vs Se es ae Genius sRissomeans.2 5 ae supralaevigata _____ GenugAmmnicolan 2.2 =) 22 No Pets cts Wreatineeam Heraes Ue aes SGN Geb = aaa ee Genus Crucibulum_________ beue CONStEICtUnY a Genus Calyptraea ____________ EROCMIcOPM = eee DyZiMaAews2oo == 2s TVA GO Ne we Family Xenophoridae __-----_____ Genus Xenophora —______-+__= conchyliophora ____ amily, Na ticidae; 2 2s ve GenigwNaticne = 52) te caesar (Cry ptonatied)) fomidamars = 2" es ee Genus Polimices = 2- = he (Haspira,)hemieryptuss2 22) See tee GennseAmpulling =22 222 2) een streptostoma —.2__ aMpHorap = sa Ss Solidullay 222 goo te Genus Amauropsis__-=—--- = foridang) 2322225 5.5 Genus (Sint -252_-2 425 eee echipolanum —~---—- imperforatum —___- Hamily niebiniGdaet sss Be Cennswhurposss—— 2. es (Senectus).erenorusatuss 2-2 se eee Genus -Asttaens ee (Waithoponia))) sp. indeto-= ==" 25" 2 + Family Tr ochidavestie- a eer, ae Genus: -Derulla. Bale ee (Omphalius)mexoletnes2 = eae XII CONTENTS. Systematic arrangement—Continued. Gastropoda—Continued. Order Ctenobranchiata—Continued. Family Trochidae—Continued. Page. Genus-Calliosto males Saas eee a ee ee ee TINO ETT ge ee eee Se ee afatat: TAMU Te =e ee a a ee alain wGenus Marcarites 2222 2 eae ee ee 112 tampaensis'2032 2 2 Besa See 112 amily Delphinulidaes= =. See ee ee 112 Genus Wiotiae-—= === 3 es So pon Le et ee oe a, (Arene) (solar elie - tess st oink See eae ee 112 COMO TN ate ear pe 112 amily, ebelieint cla e285 = 2 aaa ees eer 113 Genus, lelicings2 S22 72 = alae 2s eee ep Pe pe eye 113 Wavllisstay, Sec ara eae Aa 1138 Var hampae sae es Fe eae oe een 193 DOSti SA Bae eee A ate OE Sc SEE a 113 amily sNeritidac 222 Soe Sees eee ee ee ee 114 Gens: -Nerita.<22 23.22 -. 23 a eee a ee 114 tampaensig. = sie ate ee ead et eee 114 HKamily: Wissurellidiaie: 2.2. Sc) see ee ee 114 Genus) Hissuridead= 2222 205) 2 a ere eee ee 114 CENT Geen ea 9 as ai a Se 114 Genus: Pissurellla: e2.2* 02 23 Cae he ees ee eee 115 (Cremides)) “ceryx St sae yee Soe ee Tey Order Poly placophota as = 2 SS» le ae eee ee aay Family. Chitonidaes ==.) o2 ees ee ee eee 115 Genus ischnochitonl --\. 2eAblue cole agate Se es tamMpaensis 22.5) seh See eee 115 Order Prionodesmacea 22226 2s Ses eu ee ee eee 116 Hamil; Nuculidaes 22 So 2 ee eee 116 Gemus Nueces 8 ese a ee ee oe See er 116 EEUTIN TORIC Sys ie he 8k Maly Se ee) Ee ae ee A) 116 BP anniilliy: eet essa ee ak A ase elo 116 TUS. Tes he eae ag NE aw eed ae EU ee a Le ee ee 116° TV OAT OS Sg ak ik ape fag ye iG TOS rT eee dele Ee ee ala Genus, Yolqiamg 20 2 a ete, ead a ee ee 1G PAGO sees Se Vag! as ee ee 117 Wamily-Arcidae= Sse Sie ae aa eee a he ee eee ee 118 Genus Arean i202 2 Soe eee ee de ee 118 UMP OM ay ees = ee se a ee ek gee Fe 118 SEATIMA TOU Obey gets we Oe ie 118 PALACIOS Oe ee Wee 119 Barbatia (Calloarea) marylandica ~~ _----___~ 119 ITSO MEATISy eet y So eS 119 NTSC TM EY 5 sos Sec chee ee 120 (Acar), reticulatar = Sues ses 120 (Hossularca),yadamsi 22 se ee LD Scapharea hy ponte) seen ere es a el 121 - latid emia tals steak ete 121: Genus) ‘Gly.cymienis: 2.2 Se eee aie Nd 122 Lammy. PAGANS en GensnChiones hs See wee Se aes EAA nea (Chamelea ) nuciformis GenuseAnomelocardige. —.. =" ss ere Se CMTS ha SINUS eee eet BNL Om aN ete es Hamaiiys elimi Gg aes ast i teem es Oe ee ee SGP ES Re Dee Teen bases Pe” Varad See Fhe GeniiTSeaWha CO may ees oat Rete k nS 2 aloes eh hl wa Maniilys Semelid des. = si ee bola ans 2 Lt nn (OTIC RS CLIC C Sak ek ies ee ee LE a i i ae | ee (feirini yea Gros [ils Oh ee 8 ee ek et el anata 2 I Cenri sa orien sie. ye a oe SE a Se cee Re oe mre be (Cuneocorbula) burnsii kaghriana PEP egarna Ly SS Al CS yr) eS a eee nee Cenus (Ean Op Oseiies ee. See ae Se eee amily Gastrochpemiga ets oo. a oe ike es Se GenussGashrocha ens = eee ee 5 ee eee GEMS TOT Molec ee es ell as ae Sie a ALOT CSAS Sea es a eae ee. 5 ee ee MONOGRAPH OF THE MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE OF THE OLIGOCENE OF TAMPA, FLORIDA. By Wiuu1amM Hearry Datt, Curator, Division of Mollusks, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. In the vicinity of Tampa Bay, Florida, and especially on the northwestern shores of the bay, near Ballast Point, are found cer- tain limestones more or less mingled with layers of clay, marl, and chert, with residual sands and so-called “ fuller’s earth.” A particu- lar stratum which crops out near high-water mark at Ballast Point is extremely fossiliferous. In the cherty portions the calcareous matter of the fossils has disappeared through solution, and they are represented chiefly by molds, from which casts may be made with gutta-percha or other plastic material, so that the character of the fossils can be determined. In the marly or clayey parts of this deposit the fossils have also largely disappeared, but natural casts in pure silex have replaced them. In the portions of the bed which retain the character of limestone the fossils remain more or .less intact, but are difficult to work out on account of the hard, tough character of the matrix. Rock excavated by dredges in deepening the channel off Ballast Point, much of which has been dumped on the adjacent beaches, is of the same character as the limestone above tide marks in which the fossils remain calcareous. In that portion of the bed in which silicification has been most active, besides the shells exquisitely reproduced in silica, either translucent or of vari- ous shades of brown, also occur silicified corals, some of them in masses of considerable size. These have a geodic form in many cases, the exterior of the coral head being reproduced, often with great perfection of detail, while the interior is hollow, with its walls covered with brilliant crystals of quartz, often presenting a re- markable coloration in various shades of brown, red, blue, or yellow. These having attracted the attention of visitors, were for years collected by dealers in local curios for sale to tourists. The layers 54907°—Bull, 90—15——1 all 2 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. from which they came were known to collectors and later to visit- ing geologists as “the Silex Beds,” a place-name they have retained to the present time. The process of silicification is still going on. When the writer visited the locality in 1886 and on various subsequent occasions, hoping that the limestone matrix might be removed by acid, a test was made which showed that in cases where part of a fossil shell projecting from a limestone pebble between tides, where the water was gradually dissolving the limestone and exposing the fossil, the still-imbedded portion of the shell retained its limy character, while the exposed portion had been completely replaced by silex. The interest which these fossils possess is not limited to their aesthetic beauty, nor their position as characteristic of one horizon in the series illustrating the evolution of life on the globe, but is of extreme importance as furnishing a key to the little-understood succession of the Tertiary beds which fringe the islands of the West Indies and the encircling continental shores of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. The Tertiary column of the coastal plain of our Gulf States being fairly well elucidated, the relative position of the deposits to the south can be determined, if any one of them can be satisfactorily connected with a given hori- zon in the North American series. Such a connection is afforded by the fauna of the silex beds of Tampa. GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE BEDS. The first account of these beds in geological literature was printed in the American Journal of Science in 18461 by Prof. John H. Allen. His account is accurate and graphic, representing the characteristic features of the deposit and its fossils as well as could be done to-day, though without any attempt to determine their place in the geologi- cal column. He states that even at that time the chalcedonized fos- sils were well known to mineralogists. Later in the same year T. A. Conrad published an account of his researches into Floridian geol- ogy? made during a visit in 1842. He described the bed and the fossils at length and refers them to the upper part of the Eocene. He traced the formation correctly to the falls of the Hillsborough River, 9 miles above Tampa, and again recognizes it “a few miles up the Manatee River in the bed of a rivulet.” He points out that at Bal- last point, near Fort Brooke, the beds containing silicified material underlie a stratum of limestone which in turn is covered by a thin layer of Pleistocene marl and shells. In the second part of his paper he describes and figures nine species of invertebrates, including a Balanus and two species of Foraminifera from these beds. 1 Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 3842, Jan., 1846. 2Idem., ser. 2, vol. 2, pp. 41-48, 399-400, July and Nov., 1846. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. cs Somewhat later Ballast Point was visited by Prof. J. W. Bailey, United States Army, who was interested in Foraminifera and published * an account in 1850 of material which he supposed to be an infusorial earth from this locality. This has since been determined to be merely a part of the marl, which contains a certain number of diatoms and Foraminifera and not a separate deposit. Thirty-six years later an exploration of southern Florida was suggested by Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia, and financed by the Wagner Free Institute of Science and the Academy of Natural Sciences of that city. The party was led by Mr. Willcox and included Prof. Angelo Heilprin and Mr. Charles H. Brock, besides the master and crew of a small sailing vessel on which the trip was made. A hasty visit to Ballast Point enabled Professor Heilprin to make a collection of the silicified fossils and some notes on the geology, which were afterward published in the Transactions of the Wagner Institute? as part of an interesting report on the expedition. The silex bed was referred by Professor Heilprin to the “ Middle Atlantic Miocene” and correlated with part of his “ Virginian series,” in part the “ Yorktown epoch” of Dana (pp. 121, 127). He de- scribed and figured the new forms and enumerated 47 species from that horizon and pointed out the identity of 6 of them with species collected from the Santo Domingo Tertiary by W. M. Gabb. He pointed out the probable identity-of Conrad’s Vummulites floridana with the European Orbitolites complanata of Lamarck, a surmise which has since been agreed to by Doctor Bagg. Curiously enough the layer called the Cerithium Rock, by Heilprin, which he thought to be below the horizon of the silex beds, but which has since proved to be part of the “Tampa lmestone” overlying the silex beds,? he placed as forming the “transition ground ” between the Miocene and Oligocene. The researches of the Wagner expedition having aroused interest, the present writer was directed by the authorities of the United States Geological Survey to proceed to Florida in the winter of 1886-87 to obtain further information. At the invitation of Mr. Willcox who intended to go over the same ground again we joined forces, and to his familiarity with the region much of the resulting success was due. The conclusions drawn from the observations made on this trip were published by the writer in the Neocene Correlation Paper+ of the survey, together with much collateral information derived from investigations in other parts of Florida. Collections at Ballast Point 1 S$miths. Contr. Knowl., vol. 2, No. 8, p. 19, 1850. 2 Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, pp. 10-11, 105-127, June, 1889. 3A limestone underlying the silicious zone is reached by artesian wells, but this was inaccessible to Heilprin and seems by its fauna identical with the silex beds, £U. S. Geol. Survey, Bull. No. 84, 1892, pp. 111-123. 4 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. yielded 128 species unknown to science, which were described and figured in the Transactions of the Wagner Institute,! together with other Floridian fossils. In the Neocene volume the information in regard to the relations of the silex beds and associated strata, gathered through five years’ investigations in various parts of the peninsula, were correlated and the whole subject reviewed. It was shown that the so-called Miocene of Florida was divisible into two groups separated not only by a marked change in the character of the deposit, but by a surprisingly sharp distinction in the character of the faunas, the essentially sub- tropical fauna of the lower group being replaced in the upper one by a fauna characteristic of much colder water. These two groups were tentatively considered under the terms Older and Newer Mio- cene, respectively, and the various zones or horizons disposed as in the following table.2 The colloquial term “ Silex bed” was replaced by the name “ Orthaulax bed” from the most characteristic fossil. The superincumbent limestone was named the “'Tampa limestone,” and the series of beds above the lower part of the Chattahoochee limestone of Langdon and including the Alum Bluff beds* was asso- ciated under the designation of the “ Tampa Group.” Table of 1892. [The horizons are arranged in ascending order from the lower line.] mer ates Gold Water fauna.» INewer Miocene!2= 222) ee Chesapeake Group. Eephora bed (Alum Bluff.) ee Warm Water tauna., wOldersMioceneh 222 ee Alum Bluff beds. {Sands and clays. Chert of Hillsboro’ River. Tampa beds. 5 Tampa limestone. ? “Infusorial earth.” Tampa Group; White Beach sand rock. Chipola beds. Sopchoppy limestone. Chipola marls. Orthaulax bed. ? “Cerithium rock” Tampa. Ocheesee beds. mata limestone. Chattahoochee Group. Wie eae cae Phosphatic oolite. Hawthorne beds. Ferruginous gravels. Greenish clays. A more thorough study of the fauna led to the recognition of the correlation of the above-mentioned “ Older Miocene,” including the 1Trans Wagner Inst., vol. 3, 1890-1903. * Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey, No. 84, 1892. 3 Afterwards proved to include the local equivalent of the Oak Grove sands, FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 5 Vicksburg Group, with the Oligocene (Aquitanian) of European geologists. This was announced in 1896,! and the determination has since been fully confirmed by the vertebrate fossils studied by Osborn and other paleontologists. With the conclusion of the discussion of the molluscan fossils of the Florida Tertiary in 1903—work to which the explorations of many members of the United States Geological Survey contributed material, especially Capt. Frank Burns—a review of the available evidence was prepared and published in the last fasciculus of that work.? The arrangement of the several zones or horizons as then understood was as follows, in descending order: 1. Oak Grove sands. Chipola marls. Tampa limestone. Orthaulax bed. Chattahoochee Group. Ocala nummulitic limestone. 7. Peninsular limestone. Taking these in ascending order it may be pointed out that the researches of Col. Thomas L. Casey at Vicksburg, Mississippi,® con- firmed the opinion previously held by those geologists who had explored the typical locality, that the Vicksburg Group as it was called by Conrad (who realized that it was not faunally homo- geneous*) comprises at least two faunal horizons, the upper a marl containing abundant Orbitoides (Lepidocyclina), and the lower a limestone in which Orbitoides is absent or very rare. He writes Cpii515) : The lower Vicksburgian consists of alternate thin strata of gray sands, sandy clays, and variably, but usually loosely compacted white or gray lime- stones. The upper consists of a much thinner bed of more or less red brown marl, often indurated into nodular masses, or subindurated and without trace of limestone, having rarely, however, thin layers of glauconitic sands and comminuted shells, in which entire specimens when found are generally much distorted by pressure. The faunas of these two beds differ very markedly, and there are probably not half of the species of either common to the two.* There can be no question that we have here two faunal horizons though the stratigraphy may show ho unconformity. There is very little doubt that the particular species supposed by Conrad to be Seas ce he 1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, No. 1110, p. 303, 1896. 2Trans. Wagner Inst., voi. 3, pp. 1541-1620, 1908. 3 Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1901, pp. 513-518. 4 Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 207—208, 1849. In this article Conrad indicates four conspicuous species which he states are found only in the lower part of the bluff and not in the upper fossiliferous stratum. 5 Unpublished lists of the fossils collected by Dr. T. W. Vaughan, with close attention to the stratigraphy at Vicksburg Bluff, and kindly furnished for use in the present memoir show that there are of 123 well-determined species 38 peculiar to the upper bed, 27 peculiar to the lower bed, and 58 species found in both beds. The fauna described by Conrad in 1848 comprised species from both horizons indiscriminately. 6 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. characteristic of his “Group” are not confined to the two horizons represented in it, and can not, therefore, serve as tests of identity or difference of faunal epochs. The name Peninsular limestone was proposed by the writer in 19031 for the Orbitoidal limestone, which forms the mass of the Floridian plateau and in which artesian wells have been sunk through a distance of over 1,500 feet without reaching its lowest limit. The statement is as follows: The Orbitoidal limestone which forms the mass of the Floridian plateau, and which has been, in this work and in the literature, generally called the “ Vicksburg limestone,” may really form a different horizon altogether from the typical Vicksburgian and be intermediate between the latter and the Num- mulitic Ocala limestone, In order to promote clearness and avoid confusion, it is probably advisable to adopt a distinct name for the Orbitoidal phase or formation for which I would suggest the term Peninsular limestone. This is intended not as a permanent formation name, but as a general term for the fundamental plateau limestone of Florida, in which a close and thorough study in the future may result in the discrimination of more than one horizon or zone. An examination of all the molluscan fossils in the collection of the United States National Museum which have been obtained by the United States Geological Survey from the Peninsular limestone shows that of 19 species 18 are are peculiar to it and 4 are identical with typical Vicksburg species. The limestone, except in its upper por- tion where it merges into the Ocala or Nummulitic phase, is very poor in fossils, except foraminifera, and only two or three of the mollus- ean fossils are at all common; practically all of the conspicuous shells of the upper horizon at Vicksburg have dropped out, a few of them to reappear in the Ocala. The foraminifera have not hitherto had the careful study they need, but are now in the hands of Dr. Joseph A. Cushman for that purpose. There are two widely distributed and rather common Echinoids, Pygorhynchus gouldti Bouvé, and Oligopygus haldermant (Conrad) Twitchell, neither of which has been reported from Vicksburg. Dr. T. W. Vaughan, after extensive explorations between the Mississippi and Savannah Rivers and in northern Florida, is of the opinion that the Peninsular limestone “can not be separated stratigraphically from Vicksburgian lime- stones to the east and north,” and that “no stratigraphic line can be drawn between it and the overlying Ocala limestone.” This is very probable, but the distinctions sought to be drawn by the writer are faunal or paleontological, not stratigraphic, since experience has shown that only by their contained faunas can the different and relative ages of these excessively similar successive limestones be finally determined. In the present case the Ocala phase or zone af- fords 59 species of mollusks, of which 25 are peculiar to it (as far as 1 Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 1554. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. i our present knowledge goes), 13 identical with species found at Vicks- burg, and 15 (including in this case foraminifera) are inherited from the Peninsular limestone, which was followed by the Ocala with con- tinuous sedimentation but with the changes of fauna above indicated. The Ocala or Nummulitic limestone of Heilprin was first dis- covered by Mr. Joseph Willcox and discriminated from the Penin- sular limestone, of which it seems to form a culminating phase, by Prof. Angelo Heilprin. The stratum, though thin, is, according to Doctor Vaughan’s observations, quite widely spread, and is every- where characterized by a specially abundant content of foraminifera, particularly the Nummulites and Miliolites. The former are not absolutely confined to the Ocala phase, but elsewhere are relatively rare, indicating perhaps the slowness with which the Nummulitic fauna of southern Europe and northern Africa was able to make its way westward, following the Orbitoides or Lepidocyclinas and Orbitolites. The last mentioned have been able to persist to the present time, having been dredged by the peck in the Gulf of Mexico by the expeditions of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. The Chattahoochee group, of which the typical locality is at New Chattahoochee Landing near the railway bridge over the river of the same name, was named by Langdon in 1887, who, by misidentifica- tion of fossils, was led to describe it as of Miocene age. The fossils are not numerous and as a rule are poorly preserved. The Orthaulax bed has been sufficiently described above, as has the overlying limestone named in 1892 by the writer, the Tampa lime- stone, which though apparently conformable with the former has so far failed to yield to collectors some of the most characteristic fossils, such as Orthaulax and Villorita, and contains numerous others, especially Cerites, which have not yet been found in the Orthaulax bed. The White Beach limestone of Little Sarasota Bay has a fauna in many respects similar to that of the Orthaulax bed, and yet the identifiable species are not sufficiently numerous to decide whether it may be regarded as its exact equivalent or not. The question is complicated by the presence in the White Beach fauna of several large and conspicuous species not known from the Orthaulax bed, especially the Conus demiurgus, a large Cypraea, a Mytilus, and others. The Tampa limestone (which includes Heilprin’s “ Cerithium rock”) lies immediately over the Orthaulax bed at Ballast Point, but owing to its being at or nearly at the surface has been recog- nized over a wider area.2 It is largely free from silex, the fossils are mostly represented by external molds, and it was referred with the Orthaulax bed to the Middle Miocene by Heilprin. The Jack- 1 Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 1568. 2Tdem., p. 1570. 8 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sonboro limestone! of Screven County, Georgia, has a number of identical species, among which certain Cerites and species of Strom- bus are noticeable. Only one species so far is known to survive into the Chipola marl, though with a better knowledge of the fauna others would doubtless be identified. The Chipola marls? were first observed in the lower stratum at Alum Bluff, Florida, by Langdon, who supposed them to be Miocene, but richer and better preserved deposits were later discovered by Capt. Frank Burns, of the United States Geological Survey, on the banks of the Chipola River a few miles away. These were later more fully explored by the present writer and Mr. Joseph Stanley Brown, of the survey, and their relation to the other adjacent elements of the Tertiary column of the Gulf coastal plain accurately determined.? About 50 per cent of the species in the Chipola beds are: peculiar to them; of the others the larger proportion are com- mon to the Tampa Orthaulax bed, while in the subsequent Oak Grove sands about 24 per cent of the Chipola species survive. A species of Orthaulax different from those of Santo Domingo and the Tampa silex beds is found in the Chipola, after which the genus disappears from our Tertiary. The Oligocene marl of Bowden, Jamaica,‘ formerly supposed to be Miocene, is naturally more nearly related to the Oligocene of Haiti and Santo Domingo, but contains many Chipola species. It is certain that Gabb’s collection from Santo Domingo contains ma- terial from more than one horizon. One of the zones, however, must be contemporaneous with the Orthaulax bed since the charac- teristic species occur in both. Part of the rest is doubtless younger and may even prove Pliocene, a confusion which can only be cleared up by further stratigraphical study. The Bowden fauna does not contain Orthaulax, though it has many Chipola species, and its relations are probably with the series between the Chipola marls and the Oak Grove sands. The Oak Grove sands* were discovered at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida, by Mr. L. C. Johnson, of the United States Geo- logical Survey, and later explored by Prof. E. A. Smith and Captain Burns. They contain a well preserved and very interesting fauna, which begins to show traces of the influences which formed the sub- sequent true Miocene. Subsequent explorations by Mr. T. H. Aldrich, and Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan of the United States Geo- logical Survey, have brought to ight on Shoal River at no great distance certain fossiliferous marls, which contain an analogous fauna, probably of little difference in age. From Alum Bluff on 1Dall and Harris, Bull. U. §. Geol .Survey, No. 84, p. 73, 1892. 2 Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 1574. 3 Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer., vol. 5, pp. 147-170, 1894. 4 Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 1580. 5TIdem., p. 1588. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 9 the Chattahoochee River a stratum visible, but not there fossilifer- ous, is continuously traceable to Rock Bluff, where it contains charac- teristic Oak Grove species, so that the position of the latter in the Tertiary column is definitely fixed. About 24 per cent.of the Oak Grove fauna is identical’ with that of the Chipola marl, but characteristic species like Orthaulax have vanished. The sweeping nature of the change caused by the Mio- cene invasion of cold water is shown by the fact that of the Oak Grove species less than 1 per cent survive in the fauna of the superin- cumbent Miocene beds. The premonition of Miocene conditions is shown, however, in the Oak Grove fauna by the appearance of a large Lyropecten and some few other analogous species. After the Miocene a recurrence of warmer conditions brought back in the Pliocene of Florida a good many of the species which had been exiled by the inflow of cold Miocene waters. The above summary of our knowledge at the time of publication in 1903 indicates the relations of the Orthaulax bed to adjacent Ter- tiary faunas as understood at that period. The next important attempt to classify the Florida Tertiary beds which are associated with the Orthaulax bed is found in the Report on the Geology of Florida with special reference to the Stratigraphy, by George C. Matson and F. C. Clapp.’ In this report the attempt is made to consider the peninsular part of Florida as an inherent part of the coastal plain and to explain its geological history as dependent on the orogeny of the continental region. In the work of the present writer the present peninsula of Florida is regarded as independent of the Eocene continental border, to which it became attached only after the close of the Miocene, and as related to a group of late Eocene or Oligocene islands separated by a wide strait both from the continent and from Cuba and having its own genetic history, which in Tertiary time only in the very widest and least effective sense depended on the continental movements. The present writer has shown by railway levels that the peninsular part of Florida is marked by two principal northerly and southerly low ridges with a shallow basin between them; a fact obvious from the distribution of rivers and lakes on any detailed map; and by the location of the fossiliferous strata, that the whole peninsula has a gentle tilt from east to west, thereby causing the encircling deposits about the original islets to dip under the Gulf of Mexico on the west- ern shore of the peninsula. Consequently he feels unable to accept without some evidence the hypothesis that the central basin is an eroded anticlinal arch. Such evidence has not been made public. While exploring in Florida I learned that wells sunk in the west- ern ridge reached rock only at a depth corresponding roughly with 1Plorida State Geol. Survey, 2nd Ann. Rept., 1908-9, pp. 25-161, Jan., 1910. 10 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. the surface of the lowland limestone at the foot of the ridge; and that water was struck only at a further depth corresponding to the water level in the lowlands. This may indicate that the ridge corre- sponds rather to dune formation, or residual material left after solution in adjacent low areas, than to any real orogenic fold. While minor folding of a gentle character was observed by me along the banks of the Caloosahatchie River between Lake Okeechobee and the Gulf of Mexico, nothing indicating a major fold corresponding to the western ridge (which reaches in places a height of nearly or quite 200 feet) was detected. The limestone characterized by a great abundance of Orbitoides (Lepidocyclina) which is the fundamental rock of peninsular Florida, and which has (p. 6) been shown to be, faunally, meas- urably distinct from the two horizons at Vicksburg included by Conrad in his Vicksburg Group, as indicated previously was named by me the Peninsular hmestone. Messrs. Matson and Clapp con- sidered it desirable to unite certain limestones of western Florida, which they called “ Marianna limestone,” with the Peninsular lime- stone which they believed might be newer than the Marianna, with the continuously deposited Nummulitic or Ocala limestone which is believed to be at least the latest faunal phase of the Peninuslar limestone; and presumably also with the two typical Vicksburg horizons of Conrad—in one group, which “to avoid further con- fusion” they proposed to call the Vicksburg Group. There is no doubt of the relationship faunally of these several strata, but if we combine them into one group without indicating by any subordinate names the individual characteristics of the several zones referred to, it would seem that clearness would rather be lost than gained. The different points of view outlined above account for the differ- ent results arrived at by the respective authors. The column as devised by Messrs. Matson and Clapp is as follows: MIOCENE. Jacksonville formation, Choctawhatchee marl. = Unconformity. OLIGOCENE. Apalachicola Group. Alum Bluff formation. Chattahoochee formation. Believed to be contemporaneous. Hawthorne formation. Tampa formation. Unconformity. Ocala limestone. Vicksburg Group. Peninsular limestone. Marianna limestone. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. ‘Tt The Ocala limestone is described as light gray to white, but the material from Ocala when weathered is of a warm yellow. Prob- ably it differs in different places and with the degree of weathering. It is characterized by its profuse foraminiferal fauna and vertebrate remains. : The “ Tampa formation ” is believed by Messrs. Matson and Clapp to be “contemporaneous” with the Hawthorne and Chattahoochee formations. Whatever may be the case with the two latter, judged by their type localities which have furnished few fossils, the character of the faunas of the different zones of their Tampa formation pre- cludes contemporaneity in the ordinary sense of the word, and the sedimentation shows that the deposition was serial and not contem- poraneous. Doubtless the three so-called “formations” form a group in which the faunas are more nearly related to each other than to the groups above and below, and this general relation is perhaps what the authors intended to express by the term “ contemporaneous.” The “Alum Bluff formation” of Messrs. Matson and Clapp, as they state, is a different group from that named the Alum Bluff beds by Dall in 1892. These authors include in it the Chi- pola marl at the base of the bluff, which faunally is more nearly related to the Tampa Group than to the Oak Grove sands which form paleontologically the characteristic unit of Dall’s Alum Bluff beds. The latter were specifically intended to include the strata between the Chipola marl and the Chesapeake (of Dall) or Choctaw- hatchee Miocene of Matson and Clapp. The stratum stratigraphically continuous from Alum Bluff (where it bears no fossils) to Rock Bluff, where it contains Pecten sayanus, Turritella alcida, and one or two other species characteristic of the Oak Grove sands, is the representative in Dall’s Alum Bluff beds of the sands referred to. The strata between it and the Chipola marl at the foot of the bluff are probably closely related to the marl, though there are very few recognizable fossils. The Oak Grove sands are faunally contrasted with the Chipola marl by the absence of Orthau- lax and many other tropical or warm-water forms which occur abundantly in the Chipola fauna, and by the precursors of the Mio- cene which they contain, such as Pecten sayanus. The Oak Grove sands are of course Oligocene and more nearly related by their fauna to the subjacent Oligocene faunas than to anything which succeeds the sands. But in any grouping of the upper Oligocene faunas that of the Oak Grove sands and the Shoal River fauna reported by Vaughan stands contrasted with those which precede them, though not so markedly as with the succeeding Miocene. It may be advisable, considering the misconceptions which have appeared in the writings of some foreign geologists, to put on record a Mee” ee Seniisin, tad. emi wets tdbs Nee veuls 1 Wlorida State Geol. Survey, 2nd Ann. Report, 1908-9, p. 91. 12 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. here what has been repeatedly stated before by the writer, but appar- ently not clearly understood by them. The Miocene to which reference is made in all my discussions of this subject is the Chesapeake Miocene of America, which has been shown by me? to have as a European analogue the Helvetian of northern Europe, Belgium, north Germany, and Denmark rather than the Molasse of Switzerland, the warm-water Miocene of south- ern France, and the Vienna Basin. This Chesapeake Miocene has been recognized on the North Ameri- can continent as far south as Lake Worth and in Key Vaca, Florida, and Galveston, Texas, in all these cases from artesian borings. Far- ther south than this we have no evidence of its existence. In most cases where exploration has been made, as at Panama and the Te- huantepec Isthmus, faunas determined as Pliocene immediately suc- ceed those of the upper Oligocene, leading to the inference that the land stood higher in the Middle American region during the Miocene than during the periods preceding or following that epoch. Whether the subtropical Mediterranean Miocene has any analogue above the sea in this general region, including the Antilles, is doubtful. If it exists it may possibly be found in the beds of Santo Domingo or Costa Rica, where the problems of the stratigraphical relations of reported fossils still remain to be elucidated. The Jacksonville formation is agreed to represent the typical Mio- cene of the Chesapeake Group in eastern Florida. In the western part of the State, where it has been given the name of the Choctawhatchee marl, it contains the same fossils in a better state of preservation. This summary of the report of Messrs. Matson and Clapp is nec- essarily so brief as to do scant justice to the large amount of addi- tional detail which it brings to our knowledge and the profuse eluci- dation of the geology which it contains. The latest publication bearing on the present monograph which has been considered by the writer is the monumental volume by Dr. Bailey Willis, entitled “ Index to the Stratigraphy of North Amer- ica.”? This portion “has been compiled by T. W. Vaughan from the literature and from the unpublished results of G. C. Matson and E. W. Berry in western Florida,” etc. The portion relating to the beds immediately adjacent, above or below the Orthaulax zone, is quoted from the second annual report of the Florida Geological Survey by Matson and Clapp, above referred to. Doctor Vaughan* adds the following paragraph of general interest : Sediments of upper Oligocene age extend westward from western Florida to the Mississippi River. The Apalachicola Group or marine upper Oligocene 1 Maryland Geol. Survey, Miocene, 1904, pp. exxxix—clv. 2 U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 71, 1912, pp. 731-745. %Tdem., pp. 744-745. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 13 has been identified by means of fossils in Alabama at Roberts, and probably at Wallace. In wells at Mobile, fossils characteristic of the Alum Bluff forma- tion were encountered between depths of 1,250 and 1,550 feet; below these is limestone correlated with the Chattahoochee formation. The marine upper Oligocene is not known west of Mobile, the sediments becoming estuarine in character as the axis of the Mississippi embayment is approached. The un- published results of the recent field work of Matson and the parallel paleobo- tanical studies of Berry have shown that the leaf-bearing clays and sand- stones near Chicoria, Wayne County, 5 miles south of Florence, Rankin County, and Raglan, near McCallum, Perry County, Mississippi, are of upper Oligo- cene age. The exposure at Raglan (the Hattiesburg clays of L. C. Johnson) appears to represent the top of the Alum Bluff of Florida, while the one near Florence is stratigraphically lower, and perhaps belongs to the upper part of the Vicksburg Group. The exposure of interbedded sandstone, semiquartzitie sandstone, and clay at Grand Gulf, Mississippi, is, according to the available evidence, to be referred to the upper part of the lower Oligocene, and is the Mississippi representative of the Catahoula formation of Louisiana at the type-locality. These estuarine or fresh-water deposits of clay and sandstone represent the basal portion of the Grand Gulf Group of Hilgard, which, accord- ing to his definition, included the sandstone and clays lying between the Vicks- burg below and the Lafayette above, but which is now known to be a series of formations, including those of lower and upper Oligocene, Miocene, and Plio- cene age, with perhaps some Pleistocene. * * * The detailed tracing of the boundaries between the successive formations is now in progress by G. C. Matson. Having summarized briefly the more important publications bear- ing on the subject up to the present time, it remains to sketch the succession indicated by paleontological research as far as it has reached at the time of writing. Tt is generally agreed that in the miscellaneous series of clays, marls, sandstones, limestones, cherts, and gravels of which the Florida Tertiary rocks are composed the only safe and definite guide to their time relations as a whole is furnished by their con- tained fossils. For limited areas the sediments may afford a guide, but, over the region in general, reliance can not be placed on ltho- logic characters unsupported by paleontological evidence. About 1890, at a conference called by Major Powell, then Director of the United States Geological Survey, to discuss the meaning and use of the term “formation” in a geological sense, after a long dis- cussion in which each geologist of the survey then present took part, the conclusion arrived at was that a “formation” was “a ltho- logic unit.” However, it may be in older geological epochs, it has long been recognized in Europe that in this sense there are no “ for- mations” in the Tertiary, with very rare exceptions; and that even these exceptions correlated by their faunas form groups which usu- ally are not lithologically identical. The minor divisions are there- fore generally designated by some characteristic fossil as “zones” of such and such a species, and faunally related aggregations of such divisions are designated as “beds” or “ groups.” 14 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. To arrive at just conclusions in such divisions it 1s of course neces- sary to have a pretty thorough knowledge of the fauna of each zone or horizon; otherwise the really characteristic species of each zone may not be recognized. The same facts are true of the Tertiary of the coastal plain of the southeastern United States, but hitherto the number of mono- graphic studies of particular faunas has been very small compared with those which still remain to be investigated, and no exhaustive arrangement of our marine Tertiary column can be reasonably ex- pected for many years to come. It was in view of these facts that in the tentative summary of our southeastern marine Tertiary, pub- lished in 1898,1 the writer followed the method approved by the International Geological Congress of 1889 and already adopted by Marsh and other students of American vertebrate paleontology, by referring to the subdivisions as “ series,” “ groups,” and “beds” and, as far as possible, avoiding the indefinite and frequently misleading term “ formation.” Some progress has been made since that time, and the European method is beginning to be appreciated, though delayed by the paucity of workers in the field of Tertiary invertebrate paleontology, and the consequent insufficiency of our knowledge of the greater number of our invertebrate Tertiary faunas. The fauna represented in the silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, which is the subject of this monograph, contains two species of the remarkable genus Orthaulax Gabb; one of these is rare and was the type of the genus, named by Gabb O. inornata, from Santo Domingo specimens. The other, more abundant, is the O. pugnax of Heilprin. The genus first appears, so far as now known, in this horizon, and both species are reported from the White Beach limestone, Little Sarasota Bay, Florida; at least one or both have been obtained from the lower part of the Oligocene beds in the Canal Zone, Panama, and from the West Indian islands of Antigua and Anguilla; while the genus was recognized by Dr. T. W. Vaughan at Consolazion del Sur, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, and at Original Pond, Thomas County, Georgia. The writer also obtained O. pugnawv at Bainbridge, Georgia, as did also Doctor Vaughan. The importance of these fossils in linking the Oligocene of the West Indian, Isthmian, and Caribbean with that of the continent is obvious. I have therefore designated the zone so represented as the Orthaulax pugnax zone, with the typical locality at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, the only locality where the fauna has been exhaustively studied. It is somewhat remarkable that Ovrbitolites floridana is exces- sively rare in this zone, while extremely abundant in the zone above. 1 Highteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pp. 323-348. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 15 This genus of Foraminifera appears to replace Lepidocyclina (bet- ter known as Orbitoides in this country) in these two horizons. The molluscan fauna of the limestone immediately above the silex beds has not been thoroughly studied, but it is notable for the num- ber of Cerites contained in it and for the profusion of Orbitolites floridanus Conrad (? complanatus Lamarck), and it seems allowable to apply the name of the latter species as a designation of this zone, with the type-locality at Ballast Point. The fauna represented in the lower bed at Alum Bluff, on the Chattahoochee River, Florida, and in the Chipola marl has been fully though not exhaustively treated in the writer’s work on the Tertiary Fauna of Florida.t| It is a remarkably rich and beautifully preserved fauna, containing one species of Orthaulax (O. gabbi Dall), the last representative of the genus in our Tertiary. It is also notable for the abundance of a bivalve, Cardiwm cestum Dall, the name of which I have selected to designate the zone typified by the fauna of the Chipola marl at the locality on the Chipola River near Bailey’s Ferry, Calhoun County, Florida. These three zones form a natural faunal group, characterized by a large proportion of common species, by indications of uniform cli- matic conditions bordering on the tropical, and by the presence of peculiar genera not existing in the faunas succeeding to them. The next superior zone, of which the fauna is fairly well known, though in part unpublished, is that referred to by the writer in 1892, as represented by the Alum Bluff beds and the sands at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida. This horizon is conspicuously dis- tinguished by the greenish or grayish color of the matrix as compared with the yellow or orange of the zone below, by the disappearance of Orthaulazx and many of the more distinctively tropical forms from the fauna (though a fair proportion of Chipola forms still remain), and by the appearance in the fauna of a certain number of types prefiguring the cold-water fauna which accompanied the deposition of subsequent beds of Miocene age. The type-locality is at Alum Bluff where the strata lie above the marl of the Chipola type at the base of the bluff, and contain few if any fossils, while the Miocene hes directly above them. But the horizon was traced continuously to Rock Bluff by the writer and Mr. J. Stanley Brown of the United States Geological Survey in 1893. At Rock Bluff it contains characteristic littoral species which con- nect the fauna unmistakably with that of the Oak Grove sands which contains a large number of well-preserved species belonging in deeper water. One of the most characteristic of these, Scapharca dodona Dall, is present in large numbers and may be used to designate the zone. 1Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, 1890-1903. 16 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Doctor Vaughan has gathered data at several other localities indi- cating the presence of a fauna allied to or perhaps identical in some cases with that found at Oak Grove; a notable instance is the outcrop at Shoal River, Florida. As a group (which may later be enlarged) these faunas should be separated from those included with the Orthaulax zone, in the writer’s opinion, for the reasons above given. It is entirely possible, and more or less probable, that with such intensive study as has been given to the Tertiary of the Paris basin in France, numerous other faunas or subfaunas may eventually be given a place in the column of the Florida Tertiary, but with such a vast field, so few workers, and the topographic difficulties presented by most of the region, progress must necessarily be slow. The following list presents in descending order the names of the zones as now indicated with the designations used by the writer in United States Geological Survey Bulletin 84, 1892, page 157. Zone of— Designations of 1892. Scapharca dodona Alum Bluff beds. Cardium cestum Chipola marl. Orbitolites floridanus Tampa limestone. Orthaulax pugnae Orthaulax bed. RELATIONS OF THE FAUNA OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. The number of species and varieties of mollusks now known from the zone is 312. Of these nearly two-thirds are peculiar to the zone and have chiefly been obtained from the silicious layer. Of the total molluscan fauna 219 species were new to science when first explored by the United States Geological Survey, and 95 of these are de- scribed in this monograph. Of the previously known species 15 were named by Conrad and 29 by Heilprin, while 36 were first described from other horizons by various writers. There are 9 species distinct from the others but represented by specimens too imperfect to serve as the basis of descriptions. Of the species enumerated one seems undistinguishable from a form of the same genus (Xenophora) which occurs in the upper Creta- ceous (Ripley horizon) of the Gulf States and appears to survive into the recent fauna of the West Indies. Four species go back as far as the Claiborne Sands, 6 are found in the Jackson Eocene, and 7 in the Vicksburg. Eight come up from the Lepidocyclina zone, 4 have been recognized in the scanty fauna known from the Nummulitic zone, and one or two from the very imperfectly explored Chattahoochee fauna. Eight are known from the Tertiary of Santo Domingo, several of which are very charac- teristic of the zone. The two characteristic species of Orthaulaa FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. seg occur in the lower Oligocene of the Panama Canal Zone, and at least one of them has. been obtained in Santo Domingo, Antigua, and Anguilla. Above the Orthaulax zone we find 51 of its species surviv ing in the Cardium cestum zone, but only 14 reach ue zone of peed dodona. Fifteen occur in extra-Floridian Miocene beds, but only 3 in the Floridian Miocene; 11 are found in the Pliocene of south Florida, 5 in the Florida Pleistocene, while 23 survive in the recent fauna. SOURCES OF MATERIAL. Specimens were long distributed by tourists as curios. The first material which was available for this monograph was that collected by Professor Heilprin in 1888. In the following year the present writer made a large collection, and subsequently the locality was vis- ited by Capt. Frank Burns for the same purpose. Mr. Joseph Will- cox, Mr. James Shepard and Miss Shepard, Mr. F. W. Crosby, and Mr. W. O. Crosby kindly contributed valuable specimens. Mr. E. J. Post, of Tampa, has made a practice of collecting at Ballast Point for a long time. An excellent series was purchased from him, and he most kindly allowed the study of the material he had on hand at a later time to make the present paper more complete. Some speci- mens were also contributed by Mr. L. G. Newman and Mr. La Penotiére. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The present writer desires to express his obligations to many mem- bers of the United States Geological Survey for unpublished material and notes on the geology, especially to Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan and Mr. George C. Matson, whose contributions have been of great importance. The Director of the Survey has kindly permitted the use of the drawings made by Survey artists. To Mr. Joseph Willcox and the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia, thanks are due for assistance on numerous occasions and especially for permission to use here some of the figures drawn by J. C. McConnell to illustrate the third volume of the Transactions of the Institute. To the Academy of Natural Sciences we owe the opportunity of consulting the types of species described by Professor Heilprin and W. M. Gabb. To several kind correspondents in Florida, especially Mr. E. J. Post, are due thanks for specimens lent for examination or con- tributed to the National collection. This paper is Bepuenes by permission of the Director of the United erie Geological Survey. 18 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan has kindly consented to give the follow- ing brief list of the corals of the Orthaulax zone, identified by him, the report on which is now awaiting publication. LIST OF SPECIES. Corals from the “ silex bed” of the Tampa formation. By Dr. T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN. Antillia? willcoxi (Dana). Stylophora silicensis Vaughan.* Galaxea excelsa Vaughan. Orbicella cellulosa (Duncan) .* cavernosa var. tampaensis Vaughan.* cavernosa var. silicensis Vaughan.* Cyphastrea tampae Vaughan.* Maeandra tampaensis Vaughan. Syzygophyllia? tampae Vaughan. Siderastrea silicensis Vaughan* (at Tampa brickyard). Endopachys tampae Vaughan. Acropora tampaensis Vaughan. Goniopora tampaensis Vaughan. ballistensis Vaughan. matsoni Vaughan. Porites willcoxi Vaughan. Alweopora tampae Vaughan. The species marked * are widely distributed in the Chattahoochee forma- tion of southern Georgia and northern Florida. Molluscan Fauna of the silexr beds.* MOLLUSCA. LAND AND FRESHWATER SPECIES. Cepolis (Plagioptycha) latebrosa Dall. Cepolis (Plagioptycha) instrumosa Dall. Cepolis (Plagioptycha) direpta Dall. Pleurodonte haruspica Dall. Pleurodonte crusta Dall. Pleurodonte cunctator Dall. Pleurodonte diespiter Dall. Polygyra adamnis Dall. Bulimulus (Hyperaulaz) Conrad. Bulimulus (Hyperaular) heilprinianus Dall. Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) americans Heilprin. Bulimulus (Hyperaular) americanus var. partulinus Dall. floridanus Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) americanus var. laxus Dall. * Bulimulus (Hyperaulav) tampae Dall.* * Bulimulus (Hyperaulaz) ballistae Dall. Bulimulus (Hyperaular) stearnsii Dall. * Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) tortilla Dall. * Bulimulus (Hyperaular) remolina Dall. Cerion (Hostrophia) anodonta Dall. Cerion (Hostrophia) anodonta var. floridanum Dall, * Microcerion floridanum Dall. * Pupoides pilsbryi Dall. Urocoptis floridana Dall. * Planorbis tampaénsis Dall. 1 Those preceded by an asterisk (*) are new species. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. Planorbis (Torquis) willcoxii Dall. * Planorbis (Torquis) elisus Dall. * Spirazis tampae Dall. MARINE GASTROPODS. * Acteon tampae Dall. Acteocina wetherillii Lea. * Acteocina squarrosa Dall. Retusa vaginata Dall, Scaphander primus Aldrich. Bullaria petrosa Conrad. * Bullaria (Haminea ?) sulcobasis Dall. Terebra (Oxymeris) dislocata Dall. Terebra (Oxymeris) tantula Conrad. Conus planiceps Heilprin. * Conus illiolus Dall. * Conus designatus Dall. *Turris albida Perry. Turris vibex Dall. Turris (Surcula) servata Conrad. * Drillia condominia Dall. Drillia lapenotierit Dall. * Drillia severina Dall. Drillia ostrearum Stearns. * Drillia sella Dall. * Drillia ewpora Dall. * Drillia belotheca Dall. * Drillia spica Dall. * Drillia tecla Dall. * Drillia smilia Dall. * Drillia eupatoria Dall. * Drillia tama Dall. * Drillia glyphostoma Dall. * Drillia (Cymatosyring) silfa Dall. Drillia (Cymatosyring) newmani Dall. * Mangilia illiota Dall. Mangilia sp. indet. * Cancellaria (Bivetopsia) subthomasie Dall. * Cancellaria Dall. Cancellaria (Sveltia) sp. indet. * Oliva posti Dall. Olivella lata Dall. * Olivella eutorta Dall. * Olivella colleta Dall. Ancilla shepardi Dall. * Marginella mollitor Dall. * Marginella infecta Dall. Marginella bellula Dall. Marginella inepta Dall. Marginella elegantula Dall. (Bivetopsia) depressa 19 Marginella ballista Dall. Marginella tampae Dall. Marginella limatula Conrad. * Marginella gregaria Dall. Marginella bella Conrad. * Marginella impagina Dall. * Marginella posti Dall. * Marginella intensa Dall. * Marginella myrina Dall. Marginella newmani Dall. Lyria pulchella Sowerby. Lyria heilprini Dall. Lyria musicina Heilprin. * Lyria silicata Dall. Mitra silicata Dall. * Mitra syra Dall. * Mitra myra Dall. * Strigatella americana Dall. Conomitra staminea Conrad. Xancus polygonatus Heilprin. Vasum subcapitellum Heilprin. Vasum engonatum Dall. * Fasciolaria petrosa Dall. Latirus floridanus Heilprin. Latirus multilineatus Dall. Latirus rugatus Dall. Latirus callimorphus Dall. Fusinus ballista Dall. Fusinus quinquespinus Dall. Fusinus nexilis Dall. Busycon tampaénsis Dall. Busycon spiniger var. nodulatum Con- rad. Busycon Dall. Busycon stellatum Dall. Melongena sculpturata Dall. Melongena sculpturata var. Dall. Solenosteira inornata Dall. Cantharus pauper Dall. Phos sp. indet. Phos sp. indet. * Alectrion ursula Dall. * Alectrion ethelinda Dall. * Alectrion gardnerae Dall. * Anachis eutheria Dall. Astyris turgidula Dall. * Astyris eluthera Dall. * Astyris dicaria Dall. * Astyris acanthodes Dall. Murex mississippiensis Conrad. Murex chipolanus Dall. Spiniger var. perizonatum turricula 20 * Murex sexangula Dall. Murex trophoniformis Heilprin. Chicoreus larvecosta Heilprin. Chicoreus crispangula Heilprin. Chicoreus burnsii Whitfield. Purpura (Pteropurpura) posti Dall. Muricidea heilprint Cossmann. Muricidea sp. indet. * Tritonalia scabrosa Dall. * Typhis siphonifera Dall. Coralliophila magna Dall. Rapana tampaénsis Dall. * Rapana biconica Dall. Melanella conoidea Kurtz and Stimp- son. * Hulima bowdichi Dall. Pyramidella (Longchacus) crenulata Holmes. *Turbonilla (Ptycheulima) ethellina Dall. Odostomia impressa@ Say. Cyprea tumulus Heilprin. Cyprea heilprini Dall. * Cyprea ballista Dall. Morum domingense Sowerby. Orthaulax inornatus Gabb. Orthaulax pugnax Heilprin. Strombus chipolanus Dall.. * Strombus liocyclus Dall. * Bittium priscum Dall. * Bittium (priscum var.?) sora Dall. * Bittium adela Dall. Cerithium georgianum Sowerby. Oerithium precursor Heilprin. Cerithiwm sp. indet. * Cerithium plectrum Dall. Potanides hiilsboroénsis Heilprin. Lyell. and Potamides (Lampanella) transecta Dall. Potamides (Pyrazisinus) campanula- tus Heilprin. Potamides (Pyrazisinus ) cornutus Heilprin. Potamides (Pyrazisinus) acutus Dall. * Cerithiopsis silicata Dall. Trichotropis (Cerithioderma) Conrad. Modulus turbinatus Heilprin. * Lacuna precursor Dall. Caecum solitarium O. Meyer. Serpulorbis granifera Say. prima BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Serpulorbis ballistae Dall. Serpulorbis decussata Gmelin. Petaloconchus varians Orbigny. Petaloconchus sp. indet. Vermicularia (Anguinella) virginica Conrad. Siliquaria vitis Conrad. Turritella tampae Heilprin. Turritella tampae var. tripartita Dall. *Turritella tamnpae var. mediocon- stricta Dall. Turritella tampae var. pagodaeformis Heilprin. Turritella megalobasis Dall. Turritella chipolana Dall. * Turritella systoliata Dall. * Turritella litharia Dall. * Turritella atacta Dall. Lioplax floridana Dall. * Assiminea aldra Dall. * Rissoina supralaevigata Dall. * Amnicola adesta Dall. Amnicola sp. Crucibulum constrictum Conrad. Calyptrea trochiformis Lamarck. Hipponix pygmaeus Lea. Hipponix# willcoxii Dall. Xenophora conchyliophora Born. Natica (Cryptonatica) floridana Dall. Polinices (Huspira) hemicryptus Gabb. Ampullina streptostoma Heilprin. Ampullina amphora Heilprin. Ampullina solidula Dall. Amauropsis fioridana Dall. Samum chipolanum Dall. * Sinum imperforatum Dall. Turbo (Senectus) crenorugatus Heil- prin. ~ Astraea (Lithopoma) sp. indet. Tegula (Omphalius) exoleta Conrad. Calliostoma metrium Dall, * Calliostoma tampicum Dall. Margarites tampaénsis Dall. Liotia (Arene) solariella Heilprin. Liotia (Arene) coronata Dall. Helicina ballista Dall. Helicina ballista var. tampae Dall. * Helicina posti Dall. Nerita tampaénsis Dall. Fissuridea chipolana Dall. Fissurella (Crenides) ceryx Dall. Ischnochiton tampaénsis Dall. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 21 PELECYPODA. * Nucula tampae Dall. Leda fleruosa Heilprin. * Leda posti Dall. Yoldia frater Dall. Areca umbonata Lamarck. * Arca grammatodonta Dall. Arca paratina Dall. Barbatia (Calloarca) Conrad. Barbatia Barbatia Barbatia Barbatia Smith. Scapharca hypomela Dall. Scapharca latidentata Dall. * Glycymeris lamyi Dall. Ostrea sellaeformis var. rugifera Dall. Ostrea mauriciensis Gabb? * Ostrea vaughani Dall. Pecten (Aequipecten) chipolanus Dall. Spondylus bostrychites Guppy. Spondylus chipolanus Dall. Plicatula densata Conrad. Anomia microgrammata Dall. Mediolus silicatus Dall. * Modiolus blandus Dall. Modiolus (Brachydontes) grammeatus Dall. * Modiolus (Brachydontes) grammatus var. curtulus Dall. * Modiolus (Gregariella) Dall. Modiolus (Gregariella) sp. Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomeus La- marck. Lithophaga antillarum Orbigny. Lithophaga nigra Orbigny. Lithophaga nuda Dall. marylandica (Calloarea) irregularis Dall. (Calloarca) arcula Heilprin. (Acar) reticulata Gmelin. Lithophaga (Myoforceps) aristaia Dillwyn. Lithophaga (Diberus) bisulcata Or- bigny. Coralliophaga elegantula Dall. Crassatellites (Scambula) deformis Heilprin. Venericardia serricosta Heilprin. Venericardia himerta Dall. Cardita (Carditamera) tegea Dall. * Cardita (Glans) shepardi Dall. Cyrena pompholyx Dall. (Fossularca) adamsi EB. A. minimus | Villorita floridana Dall. Chama chipolana Dall. Chama tampaénsis Dall. * Codakia (Jagonia) scurra Dall. Codakia (Jagonia) sp. indet. Myriaea (Hulopia) vermiculata Dall. Phacoides domingensis Dall. Phacoides (Here) wacissanus Dall. * Phacoides (Bellucina) tampaénsis Dall. Phacoides (Cavilucina) recurrens Dall. Phacoides (Lucinisca) calhounensis Dall. Phacoides (Lucinisca) plesiolophus Dall. Phacoides (Miltha) hillsboroénsis Heil- prin. Phacoides (Miltha) heracleus Dall. Diplodonta alta Dall. * Diplodonta catopotium Dall. Diplodonta (Phlyctiderma) ella Dall. * Hrycina indecisa Dall. * Bornia tampae Dall. Cardium (Trachycardium) delphicum Dall. punctur- Cardium (Trachycardium) propecili- are Dall. Cardium (Trachycardium) bowden- ense Dall. Cardium (Trachycardium) parile Dall. Cardium (Trachycardium) sp. indet. Cardium (Cerastoderma) phlyctena Dall. Cardium (Cerastoderma) taphriwm Dall. Cardium (Trigoniocardia) alicula Dall. * Cardium (Trigoniocardia) berberum Dall. Dosinia (Dosinidia) chipoiana Dall. Macrocallista (Paradione) acuminata Dall. Callocardia (Agriopoma) sincera Dall. * Callocardia (Agriopoma) nue Dall. Antigona tarquinia Dall. Antigona (Artena) shepard Dall. Antigona glyptoconcha Dall. Chione (Lirophora) ballista Dall. Chione (Chamelea) nuciformis Heil- prin. Chione (Chamelea) spada Dall. 22 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Chione (Chamelea) rhodia Dall. Macoma irma Dall, Anomalocardia floridana Conrad. * Semele sardonica Dall. Venus halidona Dall. Semele silicata Dall. Tellina segregata Dall. Corbula (Cuneocorbula) burnsii Dall. Tellina chipolana Dall. Corbula (Cuneocorbula) sarda Dall. * Tellina dira Dall. *Corbula (Cuneocorbula) kaghriana Tellina (Macaliopsis) merula Dall. Dall. Tellina (Merisca) halidona Dall. Panope whitfieldi Dall. * Tellina (Angulus) atossa Dall. Gastrochena rotunda Dall. FORAMINIFERA. Orbitolites floridanus Conrad. SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT. GASTROPODA. Order PULMONATA,. Family HELICIDAE. Tribe BELOGONA. Genus CEPOLIS Montfort. Cepolis Montrort, Conch. Syst., vol. 2, p. 150, 1810. Type, Helix cepa Muller (Haiti). Subgenus PLAGIOPTYCHA Pfeiffer. Plagioptycha Prrtrrer, Mal. Blatt., 1856, p. 185.—MarTens in Albers, Die Heliceen, ed. 2, p. 145, 1860. Type, Helix lorodon Pfeiffer (Bahamas). Plagioptycha Pinspry, Man. Conch., vol. 9, p. 185, 1894. 7 Doctor Pilsbry considers this group as nearest to the ancestral forms from which the modern subdivisions of the genus have arisen. In Oligocene times (formerly referred to as Miocene or Old Mio- cene) this group was abundantly represented on the group of islands which represented the nucleus of the present Floridian peninsula. It apparently became extinct in Florida with the lowered tempera- ture of the Miocene epoch, though still represented farther south in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti by an abundance of recent species. CEPOLIS (PLAGIOPTYCHA) LATEBROSA Dall. Pinte 2 hes lode os Helix (Jeanneretia) latebrosa Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 8, 8a, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds, Dall and Post. Only a single specimen was ob- tained. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111944. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. ore CEPOLIS (PLAGIOPTYCHA) INSTRUMOSA Dall. Plate 2, figs. 6, 15. Helix (Jeanneretia) instrumosa Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8b, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds, collected by Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111945. CEPOLIS (PLAGIOPTYCHA) DIREPTA Dall. Plate 2, figs. 12, 14. Helix (Jeanneretia) direpta Datu, Trans, Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. Ta, 70, Aug., 1890; pt. 5, p. 1195,, pl. 39, figs. 4, 5, Nov., 1900. Tampa silex beds, rare. Dall and Burns. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 130354. Tribe EPIPHALLOGONA. ® Genus PLEURODONTE Fischer de Waldheim. Pleurodonte F. pE WALDHEIM, Tab. Syn. Zoogn., p. 129, 1808.—PILspry, Man. Conch., vol. 9, 1894, p. 84. Type, Helix sinuata Gmelin, Jamaica, West Indies. A few of the larger species of silex bed Helicidee show a more or less granulate surface, especially C. haruspica Dall, and this not being found in Cepolis, has led Doctor Pilsbry to suggest their affinity to Pleurodonte of which they may represent the progenital type. T have felt some little hesitation in referring species to this genus, on account of the fact that the pressure of sand grains on the surface of the pseudomorph sometimes gives the effect of finely granulate sculpture, but have finally done so provisionally. PLEURODONTE HARUSPICA Dall. Plate 1, figs. 12, 18, 14; plate 2, fig. 11. Helix (Jeanneretia) haruspica Dat, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. Te, Td, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Abun- dant but usually defective. Collected by Shepard, Post, and Dall, U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165005. This appears to be the largest species of the formation and, though smaller than most of the recent species, by its carinated periphery indicates its alliance with them. In perfect specimens the axis is hermetically sealed in the adult; not even a depression occurs in the umbilical region, but the young are perforate. 24 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLEURODONTE CRUSTA Dall. Plate 2, figs. 8, 16. Heliz (Jeanneretia) crusta Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a, 46, 6e, 6f, Aug.,- 1890. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Shep- ard, Newman, Dall, Burns, and Post. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 111946. With this species was ‘leo found the following, which from the imperfect specimens at first found was regarded as merely a variety of P. crusta. The latter is the most common of the species found in the silex beds and often occurs most perfectly reproduced in the translucent silex. PLEURODONTE CUNCTATOR Dall. Plate 4, figs. 8, 9. Helix (Jeanneretia) crusia var. cunctator Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 10, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; also on the shores of Old Tampa Bay, an arm of Tampa Bay proper, westward from Hillsborough Bay, Florida. Collected by Shepard, Newman, Dall, and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111950. PLEURODONTE DIESPITER Dall. Plate 2, figs. 18, 20. Helix (Jeanneretia) diespiter Dati, Trans. Wagner inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 1, la, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Abun- dant but usually defective. Collected by Dall and Burns. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 111951. There is some doubt as to the generic relationship of this species, but on the whole it seems most closely allied to P. crusta. Tribe PROTOGONA. Genus POLYGYRA Say. POLYGYRA ADAMNIS Dall. Plate 2, figs. 7, 9. Helix (Polygyra) adamnis Dati, Trans Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 5, 5a, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. A single specimen collected at Ballast Point by Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111959. This is the earliest Polygyra (of the section Dedalochila Beck) yet reported from the Tertiary of North America. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 25 Family BULIMULIDAE. Genus BULIMULUS Leach. c Subgenus HYPERAULAX Pilsbry. Hyperaular Piuspry, Proce: Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, for 1897, p. 10; Man. Conch., vol. 14, p. 102, 1901 (+Bonnanius Jousseaume, 1900). Type, Bulimulus ridleyi E. A. Smith. Fernando Noronha Island, Brazil. Doctor Pilsbry regards this group as belonging to the immediate vicinity of the South American groups Anctus and Odontostomus, and as probably an early branch of the latter stock before it had divided into the modern genera above mentioned and including Tomigerus. The type of the genus is a recent form from the Brazilian island of Fernando Noronha. It bears a very remarkably close resemblance to some of the silex bed species, and there can be no reasonable doubt that they are congeneric. It is a remarkable fact that the group, in the strict sense, includes as far as known only this single living species and the forms known from the silex beds. Why species should not have survived on some of the Antilles or on the mainland of South America is a mystery. The other section of the genus, Bonnanius, which has a conspicuously dentate aperture and short, dumpy shell, is also a denizen of the same island and represented by a single recent species. : BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) FLORIDANUS Conrad. Plate 2, fig. 2. Bulimus floridanus Conrap, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 399, fig. 1, Nov., 1846; Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 1, p. 144, pl. 11, fig. 11, 1865; not of Pfeiffer, 1856. Bulimulus longaevus ANcry, Le Naturaliste, May, 1881, p. 414. Bulimulus (2? Anctus) floridanus Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 11, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Conrad, Dall, Burns, and other collectors. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165010. The specimens have been compared with the original type of Conrad, now in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Portions of Conrad’s shell show traces of distinct fine sharp spiral grooves, but in the process of replacement by silica this fine almost microscopic sculpture is generally lost. BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) HEILPRINIANUS Dall. Plate 2, figs. 1, 10. Bulimulus (2? Anctus) heilprinianus Dati, Trans. Wagner inStoyoVOlc: pt. 1, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 6b, 10, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Dall and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111962. 26 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The groove in the figure is a little too straight, as it usually has a slight flexure corresponding to the convex surface upon which the callus hes. BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) AMERICANUS (Heilprin). Plate 2, fig. 5; plate 3, fig. 3; plate 4, figs. 12, 14. Partula americana Herttprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 115, pl. 16, fig. 60, 1887. Bulimulus (? Anctus) americanus Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 9, 9a, Aug., 1890 (with varieties partulinus and larus Dall). Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point; one specimen possibly adventi- tious in the overlying Orbitolite bed at the same locality. Collected by Messrs. Shepard, Willcox, Newman, Heilprin, Post, Dall, and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165009. The relations of the typical form and the varieties are shown by the following measurements: Number Stakes. Height. |Diameter.| Aperture. m mm OPI LCE (ENED) aie toe yates erates see ie ere a ee ete ela 6.5 17.0 9.0 8.5 Warlenyepaniulinus) (Head) pianos ees = eee eine nea ae eeyae= 6.0 PINS eo 7.0 Wart yaeai ie CON) eam nee cree siete cis ieee ate teeter 6.0 15.5 1.2 1.5 BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) TAMPAE, new species. Plate J, fig. 3: Shell subfusiform, of moderate size, with about six whorls; nucleus smooth, of a whorl and a half; subsequent whorls moderately con- vex, with a distinct, very slightly appressed suture; axial sculpture of fine, equal, regular, equally spaced, somewhat retractive threads or ridges, separated by about equal interspaces, covering the whole surface; base somewhat attenuated; umbilicus minutely perforate, overshadowed by the reflection of the pillar lip; aperture somewhat elongate, outer lip narrow behind and there hardly reflected, thicker at the beginning of the middle third, and thenceforward more broadly reflected, continuous in front and on the pillar and with a rather thick parietal callus; between the callus and the outer lip at the suture is a very narrow but deep channel. Height 13.7, maximum diameter 6 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165012. BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) BALLISTAE, new species. Plate 1, fig. 5. Shell small, solid, moderately stout, comprising six whorls sepa- rated by a slightly appressed suture; nucleus blunt and rounded; FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 27 subsequent whorls strongly marked by distinct, equal, equally spaced, elevated, retractive axial threads; base rounded, with a narrow chink m the umbilical region, under the reflection of the pillar lip; aper- ture as figured, with a reflected peritreme, the reflection of the poste- rior half of the outer lip narrow, the anterior part with a prominent nodule at the middle of the lip, in front which the lip is thickened and more strongly reflected; pillar arcuate, thickened; body with a layer of enamel, a faint subsutural thickening, and a narrow sinus at the junction of the outer lip; the latter rises slightly at the suture near the aperture. Height of shell 10.7, maximum diameter 4.5 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165013. BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) STEARNSII Dall. Plate 2, fig. 4. Bulimulus (? Anctus) stearnsiti Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, Det, pie fig. 12. SAne. 1890! Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen, collected by Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111964. This is smoother than any of the other species, more slender and elongated. BULIMULUS (HYPERAULAX) TORTILLA, new species. Plate 1, fig. 2. Shell small, subfusiform, blunt, with about five whorls, the nucleus in the type-specimen somewhat defective; suture distinct, slightly appressed; whorls slightly rounded, the apical two or three smooth, the later whorls sculptured with numerous close-set axial retractive threads, equal, equally spaced, and with equal furrows between them; base slightly attenuated, imperforate, with a chink behind the reflec- tion of the pillar lip; aperture subovate; peritreme completed by a rather thick smooth parietal callus, with a feeble sinus or shallow channel at the subsutural angle; outer lip thin behind, thickened in the middle; anterior portion, together with the rest of the peritreme, thickened, simple, and slightly reflected; margin smooth. Height 8, maximum diameter 3.8 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165015. BULIMULUsS (HYPERAULAX) REMOLINA, new species. Plate 1, fig. 18. Shell small, slender, thin, moderately acute, with five whorls sep- arated by a distinct, slightly appressed suture; nucleus small, smooth, rapidly enlarging; subsequent whorls moderately convex, 28 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. faintly axially striated by incremental lines, except the last, where the sculpture gradually assumes the form of fine, somewhat acute, retractive, equally spaced, elevated, threadlike lines of growth, with about equal interspaces covering the whorl; last whorl attenuated in front, with a relatively rather large umbilical perforation; aper- ture elongate-ovate, the peritreme slightly reflected, widest over the umbilicus, the outer lip shghtly compressed behind the middle; pillar simple, smooth; body with a rather thick layer of enamel con- necting the inner and outer lips of the shell, with a somewhat feeble subsutural nodule separated from the posterior end of the outer lip by a sight but perceptible sulcus. Height 9.2, maximum diameter 4 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type from the Post coliection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165014. Family CERIONIDAE. Genus CERION Bolten. Cerion BoLTEN, Mus. Boltenianum, p. 90, 1798. First species, Turbo uva Gmelin. Curacao. Strophia ALBERS, Heliceen, zweite ausg., Nov., 1860, p. 299. Type, Pupa munia Bruguiére. Cuba. Section EOSTROPHIA Dall. Hostrophia Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 12, 1890. Shell without gular laminae or callosities. Type, Strophia ano- donta Dall. CERION (EOSTROPHIA) ANODONTA Dall. Plate 1, fig. 15. Strophia (Hostrophia) anodonta Dau, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 8c, 8d, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point; Shepard, Newman, Dall, and Burns; at Old Tampa bay, shore; Burns. ~ U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165016. CERION ANODONTA var. FLORIDANUM Dall. Plate 3, fig. 4. Strophia (anodonta var. ?) floridana Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1. pds. pl ae he) 6) -Aue. aSS0: Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111975. This has the same number of whorls as the typical form, but is shorter and stouter, with a relatively larger aperture. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 29 MICROCERION, new genus. Shell small, solid, few whorled, with one parietal and one pillar tooth, a nodulous parietal callus uniting the lips, a thickened duplex peritreme, both edges sharp, the posterior sharply reflected back- ward, the inner or anterior projecting forward, externally beveled to meet the bottom of the sinus between the two lips. Lype.—Microcerion floridanus Dall, new species, Oligocene of the silex beds of Tampa, Florida. This little shell stands about midway between Cerion proper and the small Pupidae. Nothing exactly corresponding to it is known from other formations or from the recent fauna. MICROCERION FLORIDANUM, new species. Plate 1, figs. 16, 17. Shell small, solid, stout, smooth, with about five whorls separated by a distinct suture; nucleus smooth, rather blunt, hardly differen- tiated from the subsequent rather convex whorls which are some- what irregularly wound, the last whorl, at the suture, rising near the aperture to the periphery of the penultimate whorl; base rounded, imperforate, but which a chink behind the upper part of the pillar lip; aperture rounded, the peritreme relatively thick, duplex, the outer part wider, reflected, the inner part narrower, projecting for- ward, the surface concentrically striated; parietal callus moderately thick with a small nodulous projection near the junction with either lip; deeper in the throat is a single parietal nodule or denticle; pillar with a single deep-seated similar denticle; throat smooth. Height 4,75, maximum diameter 2.4 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Two specimens in the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165018. Family PUPILLIDAE. Genus PUPOIDES Pfeiffer. Pupoides Prrtrrer, Malak. Blitt., vol. 1, p. 192, 1854; for Bulimus nitidulus Pfeiffer, and B. fallax Say. Leucochila von Marrens in Albers’ Heliceen, 1860, p. 296. Pupoides Piuspry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for 1900, p. 585. PUPOIDES PILSBRYI, new species. Plate 1, fig. 6. Shell small, rather pointed apically, with about five inflated whorls separated by a distinctly marked suture; surface smooth except for faint incremental lines; last whor] longer than the spire, terminating ‘in a wide rounded-quadrate aperture with a widely reflected lip di- 30 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. minishing in width near the junction with the body-whorl across which a thin callus unites the pillar and outer lips; pillar and aper- ture without teeth or callosities, a marked chink behind the pillar lip but no umbilical perforation. Height 3.5, maximum diameter of shell 2 mm. Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, collected by E. J. Post, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165017. This minute shell was submitted to Doctor Pilsbry, who concluded it should be referred to the genus Pupoides. It is notably smaller than the P. marginatus or P. modicus, perhaps most resembling the latter. The shell of the silex fauna is much thicker and heavier than in either of the recent American species. Family UROCOPTIDAE. Genus UROCOPTIS Beek. Urocoptis Breck, Ind. Moll., p. 88, 1837. Cylindrella Preirrer, Arch. f. Naturg., 1840, p. 41; not of Swainson, 1840. UROCOPTIS FLORIDANA Dall. Plate 1, fig. 4; plate 2, fig. 3. Cylindrella floridana DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 6a, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; Dall and Post. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165019. The original specimen being somewhat defective, a better one from the Post collection has been figured for the present paper. The species belongs to the section Gongylostoma of Albers. Family PLANORBIDAE. Genus PLANORBIS Miller. Planorbis MULurr (after Petiver) Verm. Terr., vol. 2, p. 152, 1774, no type selected.—LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 76, 1799 (monotype, Heli# cornu- arietis Linnaeus, not in Miiller’s original list) ; not of Perry, 1811. Planorbis Montrort, Conch. Syst., vol. 2, p. 270, 1810 (monotype, Heliz corneus Linnaeus).—DALL, Harriman Exp. Rep. Land and fresh water Moll. Alaska, p. 80, 1905. PLANORBIS TAMPAENSIS, new species. Plate 1, fig. 1. Shell of moderate size, with about five rounded whorls, of which the last is only represented by a bit of the margin; the shell being regarded as dextral the upper side shows evenly rounded whorls with a deep suture between them, the spire subsiding in the center FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. oi of the coil so that the apex is hidden under a deep perforation; the surface is smooth; on the basal side (which in the specimen is badly obscured), the whorls seem to have formed a flattened concavity with all the whorls visible and separated by a closely appressed suture; it is not certain whether or not there was on the lower side a carina on which the suture was laid; periphery evenly and almost symmetri- cally rounded; aperture broken off in thespecimen. Diameter of three whorls as figured 12.5 mm., that of the whole shell probably exceeded 16mm. Height of the three remaining whorls 4.5 mm. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165020. Section TORQUIS Dall. Torquis DatL, Harriman Exp. Rep. Land and fresh water Moll., p. 86, 1905. Type.—Planorbis parvus Say. PLANORBIS (TORQUIS) WILLCOXII Dall. Plate 3, figs. 5, 6. Planorbis willcoxii Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 6c, 6d, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 111938, The original type remains the only specimen of this species which has been brought to my attention. PLANORBIS (TORQUIS) ELISUS, new species. Plate 1, figs. 8, 9. Shell small, depressed, almost symmetrically coiled, with at least four and a half whorls; periphery evenly rounded; surface smooth, except for inconspicuous incremental lines; suture rather deep; if regarded as dextral the upper surface displaying all the whorls, has the apex depressed in a broadly funicular space formed by the flat- tening of the coil; on the basal side the whorls evenly succeed one another without flattening; aperture defective. Height of shell _ 1.2, maximum diameter 4 mm. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen from the Post collection, U. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 165021. FAMILY OLEACINIDAE. Genus SPIRAXIS C. B. Adams, SPIRAXIS? TAMPAE, new species. Shell small, thin, smooth, of five rapidly elongating whorls; apex rounded blunt, smooth, suture distinct, not crenulate; later whorls 32 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. somewhat subcylindrical or laterally flattened; base rounded, slightly imperfect in the specimen; aperture narrow, the body smooth, the pillar twisted, with the edge perceptibly thickened. Height 11, maximum diameter 2, length of last whorl 4 mm. Tampa silex beds. One specimen collected by E. J. Post and is U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 214738. It resembles very much in form and size Spiravis annae Pilsbry,* but I can find no traces of the sparse longitudinal grooves attributed to the recent Jamaican species. Family ACTEONIDAE. Genus ACTEON Montfort. Acteon Montrort, Conch. Syst., vol. 2, 1810, p. 314. Type, Voluta torna- tilis Gmelin (not Actaeon Oken, 1815, or Acteon Fleming, 1828).— Dat, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 48, No. 6, p. 285, 1908. ACTEON TAMPAE, new species. Plate 4, fig. 10. Shell short, inflated, with a short, rather acute spire and about five whorls; nucleus rounded, smooth; suture distinct; general sur- face smooth except for the spiral sculpture, which consists of two close-set equidistant deep grooves in front of the suture which make the interspace and the sutural margin look like rounded threads; near the periphery and in front of it are two or three distant shal- lower striae; on the base and extending to the anterior end are seven or eight equidistant, moderately impressed striae; aperture mod- erately wide the margins thick and solid, the pillar with one strong plait; there is no umbilical perforation but a narrow depressed smooth space behind the pillar. Height 7, diameter 4.5 mm. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen collected by E. J. Post, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166094. This species is perhaps nearest to A. shélohensis Whitfield, from New Jersey, but differs in its sculpture and other minor details. Family TORNATINIDAE. Genus ACTEOCINA Gray. Acteocina GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, for 1847, p. 160, No. 294. Type, Acteon wetherilli Lea, Tertiary of New Jersey. Tornatina A. ADAMS, Thesaurus Conch., vol. 2, p. 554, 1850.—F1scHer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 555.—Piuspry, Man. Conch., vol. 15, p. 181, 1898. Type, Bulla voluta Quoy and Gaimard. Guam. Gray’s name preceds that of Adams by at least three years. Its typical species appears to be a typical Tornatina, and it there- fore will supersede the latter name. 1 Man. Conch., vol. 19, pl. 3, fig. 32. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 30 ACTEOCINA WETHERILLI (Lea). Acteon wetherilli I. Lea, Contr. Geol., p. 213, pl. 6, fig. 224, 1833. : Acteocina wetherelli Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 160, No. 294, 1847. Tornatina wetherilli Conrap, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 1, p. 35, 1864.—Da 1, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 15, 1890. Shell cylindrical, truncate above, smooth and rather solid; spire short and blunt; suture impressed; a single fold on the pillar; whorls four; aperture narrow, about four-fifths the whole length; outer lip simple, sharp. Length 5, width 2.5 mm. Tertiary of Deal, New Jersey (Lea). Silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; also the Tampa limestone above the silex beds, and from wells dug in the vicinity of Tampa, and at La Penotiere’s sulphur spring. Also from the Oligocene of Santa Domingo, Trini- dad, and Jamaica, West Indies. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 97469. ACTEOCINA SQUARROSA, new species. Plate 6, fig. 8. ; Shell of moderate size, subcylindrical, slightly wider anteriorly, of about four whorls, separated by a very deeply excavated chan- neled suture; the outer margin of the suture is formed by a sharp- edged thin carina, the inner margin is duplicated by a layer of enamel so that in the adult, in the whorls preceding the last, the carina seems double-edged; nucleus small, swollen, sunken so that the nuclear whorl is not visible above the squarely truncated pos- terior end of the shell; axial sculpture of faint vertical incremental lines, somewhat irregular in strength and receding arcuately to and near the carina; spiral sculpture on the anterior half of the whorl at first faint, but becoming accentuated anteriorly, and extending to the labial callus, composed of fine, nearly equally spaced grooves or striae, apparently not punctate; aperture as long as the shell, narrow behind, where the commissure is deeply incised, wide in front; outer lip straight, sharp, simple; body without enamel; pillar short, almost horizontally twisted, bearing a single strong plait on a heavy callus, behind which is a rather deep narrow bounding furrow; anterior sinus wide and deep. Length of shell 11.5, depth of sutural chan- nel 1, maximum diameter of shell 5.5 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165025. Genus RETUSA Brown. Retusa Brown, Ill. Conch. Gt. Brit., ed. 1, index and expl., pl. 38, figs. 1-6, 1827. Utriculus Brown, Ill. Conch. Gt. Brit., ed. 2, p. 58, and expl. pl. 19, 1844; not Utriculus Schumacher, Essai, p. 208, 1817. 54907 °—Bull. 99 —15——3 34 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. RETUSA VAGINATA Dall. Utriculus vaginatus Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 16, Aug., 1890; pt. 2, p. 219, pl. 20, fig. 2, 1892. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; Dall. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 97473. This species recalls R. mayot Dall, of the recent fauna, in minia- ture, but has a deeper suture with the margin in front of the suture sharp edged as in Olivella. Family SCAPHANDRIDAE. Genus SCAPHANDER Montfort. Scaphander Montrort, Conch. Syst., vol. 2, p. 3834, 1810. Type, Bulla lignaria Linnaeus. Assula SCHUMACHER, Hssai, pp. 78, 258, 1817. The gizzard plates of the animal were found separated from the vest of its anatomy and described under the names of Gioenia and Tricla in the eighteenth century. SCAPHANDER PRIMUS Aldrich. Scaphander primus AtpricH, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1885, p. 148, pl. 2, figs. 7a, 7b.—DatL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 17, 1890. Shell ovate, with crowded, inequidistant transverse striae; spire concealed; aperture large, expanding below, contracted above by the intrusion of the body whorl; outer lip sharp, arcuate, rising above the apex of the shell, pillar arcuate with a narrow callous margin and a thin layer of callus on the body. Length 15, diameter 10 mm. Tertiary of Red Bluffs, Mississippi; Aldrich, Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 97476. Though the specimens from the silex beds are smaller, they appear to be merely immature specimens of Aldrich’s species. Family BULLARIIDAE. Genus BULLARIA Rafinesque. Bulla LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 725, 1758; not Bulla Linnaeus, same reference, p. 427 (Orthoptera). Bullaria RaFINESQuE, Anal. Nat., 1815, p. 142 (new name for Bulla Lin- naeus).—DatL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 48, No. 6, p. 248, Oct., 1908. Type, B. ampulla Linnaeus. Bullea BLAINVILLE, Malac., 1825, pp. 477, 626; not of Rafinesque, 1815. Vesica SwWAINSsON, Malac., p. 360, 1840. Since Linnaeus used his generic name on two occasions and for two entirely different animals, we are obliged to substitute for the later one the first valid name applied to the group, which is that of Rafi- nesque, as I pointed out in 1908, FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 35 BULLARIA PETROSA Conrad. Bulla petrosa Conrap, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 399, 1846, with figure. Not Bullina petrosa Conrad, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser, 2, vol. 5, p. 438, 1848, from Miocene of Oregon, nor Bulla petrosa Conrad, in Dana, Geol. U. S. Expl. Exp., p. 727, 1849 (=Haminea petrosa, Oregonian Miocene).—Datt, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 18, 1890. Rare in the Tampa silex beds, where it was first found by Conrad and later by Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 97488. This belongs to the typical section of the genus with perforate apex and resembles Bullaria solida, but is of smaller size. This species has also been collected from the Oligocene limestone of Jacksonboro, Georgia. BULLARIA (HAMINEA ?) SULCOBASIS, new species. Plate 6, fig. 6. Shell small, subovate, anterior third spirally striated, posterior two-thirds smooth or faintly marked by incremental lines; whorls involved, thin, the apex depressed, showing only the external whorl; outer lip as long as the shell, thin, simple; anterior third with fine spiral striae, at first close, later coarser and with wider interspaces; around the minutely perforate umbilicus there is a narrow space free from striae; aperture behind extending beyond the apex, and rather narrow, in front wider; body with a thin wash of callus; pillar lip short, smooth with a slight free reflection over the umbilical region. Height 8.2, maximum diameter 5.4 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165027. This species may belong to the genus Haminea, but the specimen is hardly perfect enough to be positive as to its proper location. Superorder STREPTONEURA. Order CTENOBRANCHIATA. Superfamily TOXOGLOSSA. Family TEREBRIDAE. Genus TEREBRA Bruguiere. Terebra BRUGUIERE, Encycl. Meth., vol. 1, p. 15, 1789 (no species men- tioned) ; Lamarck, Prodr., p. 71, 1799. Sole example, Buccium subula- tum Linnaeus. Epitonium (sect. 3) Botren, Mus. Boltenianum, p. 93, 1799. Terebra DaAuL, Nautilus, vol. 21, No. 11, p. 124, Mar., 1908, Bull Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 48, No. 6, p. 246, 1908. This group was associated with Buccinum by Linneus, with Zwur- ritella and Scalaria by Bolten, and with Cerithium by Say. The name was used for 7urritella in the Museum Calonnianum. A revi- sion of the group by the writer appears as above cited, 36 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Section OXYMERIS Dall. Oxymeris DALL, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, No. 1342, p. 951, 1903; new name for Acus Gray, not of Edwards; section of Terebra; Nautilus, vol. 21, No. 11, March, 1908, p. 124; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 48, No. 6, p. 246, 1908. (Not of August, 1900, as mistakenly entered in the synonymy of the last citation.) TEREBRA (OXYMERIS) DISLOCATA Say. Plate 5, fig. 2. Cerithium dislocatum Say, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 2, p. 235, 1822. Terebra petitii K1mNER, Mon. Terebra, p. 37, pl. 18, fig. 32, 1888. Terebra rudis GRAy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 60. Terebra dislocata HOLMEs, Post. Pl. fos. S. Car., p. 70, pl. 11, fig. 12, 1858. Terebra carolinensis CoNRAD (part), Post. Pl. fos. 8. Car., p. 70. Terebra dislocatum EMmons, N. Car. Geol. Surv., p. 257, 1858. Terebra (Acus) dislocata DAtL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 24, Aug., 1890. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; Dall. Also Miocene of Virginia and North Carolina; Pliocene of the Caro- linas and of the Florida Caloosahatchee beds; Post Pliocene of the whole coast from Maryland southard; and living from Maryland southward to Florida, the Bahamas, and Venezuela. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 113610. This well-known form indulges in many variations. The Ballast Point specimens are somewhat intermediate between the typical form and 7’. tantula and 7. protexta. Miocene specimens from South Carolina agree exactly with the large 7. dislocata variety rudis. Similar mutations are common among the recent specimens. TEREBRA (OXYMERIS) TANTULA Conrad. Terebra tantula Conrad, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., n. ser., vol. 3, p. 114, pl. 11, fig. 15, 1848; Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 1, p. 28, 1865.—DALL. Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 24, 1890. Oligocene of Vicksburg, Mississippi, Conrad; of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; Dall; and at De Funiak Springs, Florida; Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165028. Specimens of the typical tantula have been obtained from Ballast Point since my remarks in the Wagner Institute Transactions were published. Family CONIDAE. Genus CONUS Linnaeus. Conus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 712, 1758; ed. 12, p. 1165, 1768.— LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 69, 1799 (monotype, C. marmoreus Linnaeus). FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. at CONUS PLANICEPS Heilprin. Plate 6, figs. 1, 2. Conus planiceps HEILprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 110, fig. 48, 1887.— Dawu Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 25, pl. 11, figs. 5, 5a, Aug., 1890; pt. 2, p. 219, 1892. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida; also from silicified rock at Martin Station about 12 miles North of Ocala, Florida; Willcox. The specimen figured is U. 8S. Nat. Mus. No. 165029. : The species has also been found at Bailey’s Mill Creek sink, in Jefferson County, Florida, about 3 miles southwest of Lloyd’s station on the railway. Here the fossils occur in the form of siliceous pseudomorphs, as at Ballast Point, in a sort of clay overlying a bed of limestone, with a number of other species common to the Tampa silex beds. CONUS ILLIOLUS, new species. Plate 6, figs. 3, 5. Shell solid, slender, elongate, turrited, of about 94 whorls; nucleus small, bulbous, of about 1 whorl, smooth and oblique; suture distinct; the shoulder of the whorl sharply keeled, the space between it and the suture slightly excavated, with two feeble spiral threads equidistant from each other, the suture, and the keel; excavated space transversely sculptured with numerous concavely flexuous, equal, close-set, slightly elevated incremental lines; suture meeting the whorl behind at nearly a right angle some distance below the keel; axial sculpture, beside that above mentioned, comprising a series of very small, short, subequal, and nearly equi- distant folds on the whorl just below the keel, with subequal inter- spaces, which do not nodulate the keel and are stronger on the earlier whorls and nearly obsolete on the last whorl; these are crossed by two or three feeble spiral threads with narrower intervals, below which the spiral sculpture is obsolete and the surface practically smooth for two-thirds the length of the whorl; the anterior third has rather coarse spiral threading of which the first 10 are paired, the anterior 10 being coarser and equidistant, aperture narrow, outer lip (defective) ; pillar straight, the anterior edge a little promi- nent and twisted. Length 41.5, breadth at keel 17 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type- specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165030. CONUS DESIGNATUS, new species. Plate 6, fig. 4. Shell of moderate size with low, broadly conical spire of about 8 whorls; nucleus prominent, subglobular, inflated, smooth ; subsequent 38 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. whorls flattened on the spire, narrow, bordered at the shoulder by a slightly rounded keel, and separated by a distinct but not deep suture; the whorls on the spire are not spirally sculptured, but show faint traces of incremental, concavely arcuate lines; last whorl in front of the shoulder smooth, acutely conic, the only sculpture being in the anterior third, which has about a dozen fine spiral threads with wider interspaces becoming more crowded and feebly minutely nodulous anteriorly; on the smooth posterior part of the whorl in certain lights can be seen spiral lines distant and fine, but which appear rather to be in the substance of the shell and do not sculpture the surface; aperture narrow elongate, the canal short and wide; the outer lip sharp, simple and very slightly convexly arcuate. Length of shell 23.8, of aperture 21.5, maximum diameter 12 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. 5S. Nat. Mus. No. 165031. Family TURRITIDAE. Genus TURRIS Bolten. Turris BOLTEN (after Rumphius, 1704) Mus. Bolt. 1798, p. 128. First species, Murex babylonius Linnaeus (after Turris babylonica of Rumphius) .— Gray, Proc. Zool. Sce. Lond. for 1847, p. 184, type, 7. babylonius (Lin- naeus).—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. 1, 1853, p. 87.—Gasp, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 4, 1860, p 378.—Dat1, Journ. Conch. (Leeds), vol. 11, April, 1906, p. 291; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 43, No. 6, 1908, p. 255, not Turris Montfort, 1910, or Twrris Lesson, 1837. Pleurotoma LAMARCK, Prodrome, 1799, p. 738. Sole example, Murex baby- lonius Linnaeus. TURRIS ALBIDA Perry. Plate 5, fig. 18; plate 14, fig. 7. Pleurotoma albida Perry, Conch. expl., pl. 32, fig. 4, 1811.—Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 28, pl. 4, fig. Sa, 1890. Pleurotoma virgo LAMARCK, An. s. Vert., vol. 7, p. 94, 1822. Pleurotoma cochlearis Conrap, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 1, Dadian ple fis os 843: Pleurotoma haitensis SowrrBy, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 50, 1849. Pleurotoma barretti Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 290, pl. 17, fig. 6, 1866. Oligocene of Vicksburg, Mississippi; of Santo Domingo and Bow- den, Jamaica; of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Poimt, Tampa Bay, Florida; Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie River, Florida; living in the Gulf of Mexico and the Antilles in 26 to 125 fathoms. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 112083. Conrad’s figure is very bad, but I have compared specimens with his types. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 39 TURRIS VIBEX Dall. © Pleurotoma (albida var.?) vibex Dati, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, No. 19, p. 73, 1889. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166095. The examination of many specimens, both recent and fossil, since 1889, has confirmed the belief that this form is specifically distinct from 7. albida. It is not only much smaller and proportionately much more slender than albida of the same length, but the recent form has blackish spiral bands in the periostracum between the spiral keels, while the young of albida is uniformly yellowish-white. The most nearly related form is the Vicksburgian Pleurotoma cochlearis of Conrad, which I regard as conspecific with 7’. albida. TURRIS (SURCULA) SERVATA Conrad. Plate 5, fig. 16. Pleurotoma servata Conrapd, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, vol. 1, p. 115, pl. 11, fig. 18, 1848.—Dat.., Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 28, 1890. Oligocene of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Florida; Dall and Post. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 115267. Genus DRILLIA Gray. Drillia Gray, Jardine’s Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 28, 1838. Type, D. wm- bilicata Gray. The typical Drillia is a rare African shell with a flaring um- bilicus, quite different from the majority of the species commonly referred to it by the authors. However, in the chaotic state of the systematic arrangement of the family which exists at present, I can do no more than follow the general practice. DRILLIA CONDOMINIA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 25. Shell of moderate size, rather thin, with an elongated, turrited spire of about eight whorls, separated by a closely appressed but distinct suture; nucleus defective, subsequent whorls strongly shoul- dered and sculptured; axial sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl ten) rounded ribs beginning at the shoulder, on the spire reaching the suture in front, and on the last whorl obsolete on the base, with subsequent interspaces which become wider on the last part of the last whorl; these ribs are slightly protractive; lines of growth not conspicuous; spiral sculpture of (on the spire 3 to 5) revolving 40 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. threads, the posterior two paired, the others more distant, on the last whorl about 15, becoming obsolete on the canal and slightly swollen where they override the ribs; on the base these threads are slightly undulated by their intersection with the lines of growth, and many of the interspaces have one (or even two) much finer inter- calary threads; anal fasciole behind the shoulder but not quite at the suture, wide, smooth, or marked with concave growth-lines corresponding to the anal sulcus, somewhat excavated, and having a single thick obscurely defined thread between it and the suture; aperture rather wide; anal sulcus wide, shallow; outer lip thin, inter- nally smooth, arcuately protractive, receding toward the canal, slightly crenulate by the spiral sculpture; pillar straight, smooth; canal nearly straight, ample. Length of shell exclusive of the nu- cleus 25, of aperture 14, maximum diameter 10 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type- specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165032. DRILLIA LAPENOTIERI Dall. Plate 8, fig. 4. Pleurotoma lapenotieri Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 5, p. 1199, pl. 48, fig. 14, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 130351. This species recalls some of the large Oligocene forms of Santo Domingo. Only one specimen has so far been obtained. DRILLIA SEVERINA, new species. Plate 5, fig. 4. Shell with a smooth rather swollen nucleus and about eight sculptured whorls; suture appressed, the margin in front of it in the early whorls elevated and sharp, later cordlike and swollen; anal fasciole in front of it nearly smooth except for incremental lines and a few very faint spirals; the fasciole is distinctly excavated; axial sculpture of about (on the last whorl) 10 slightly oblique rounded prominent ribs beginning at the shoulder of the whorl and becoming obsolete on the base; these are crossed by (between the sutures) four, and on the last whorl by about a dozen prominent spiral cords with finer threads between them and on the canal; the intervals between the cords are subequal as are those between the ribs; the anal sulcus is wide and rather shallow, the lip in front of it thin, sharp, and roundly produced; the pillar and body have a slight wash of callus; the canal is shorter than the aperture, rather deep and wide, slightly recurved. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 41 Height of shell 23, of last whorl 15, maximum diameter of shell 9 mm. Tampa silex beds, not rare. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166096. This species is near 7’. servata Conrad, also found in the same horizon, but is more robust and has ten instead of only six axial ribs. It grows larger than the dimensions above given, but the description has been drawn from a more perfect if smaller specimen. DRILLIA OSTREARUM Stearns. Drillia ostrearum STEARNS, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 15, p. 22, 1872.—DatL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, p. 328, 1883.—Tryon, Man Conch., vol. 6, p. 197, pl. 34, fig. 79, 1884.—Dat1, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 30, 1890. Oligocene of Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River, and of the Tampa silex beds, Tampa Bay, Florida; Pliocene of the Caloosahatchie River, Florida; living from North Carolina south to Florida and Yucatan between low-water mark and 15 fathoms. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 1122088. A species of this type occurs in practically every horizon from the Eocene up. DRILLIA SELLA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 10. Shell small, slender, acute, solid, with nine whorls separated by a closely appressed suture; nucleus smooth, plump, of about one whorl; subsequent whorls strongly and sharply sculptured; axial sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl nine) prominent rounded ribs, begin- ning in front of the anal fasciole, continuing over the whorl, on the spire to the suture, on the last whorl over the periphery, gradually becoming obsolete on the base; the interspaces are about equal in width to the ribs, and the incremental lines are not prominent; spiral sculpture behind the anal fasciole of a prominent keel close to the suture; the fasciole being a strong smooth-surfaced constriction, in front of which the ends of the ribs form a sort of shoulder to the whorl; there are also (on the spire three, on the last whorl nine) prominent spiral threads with wider interspaces which override the ribs and are continuous between them; the suture is laid on the fourth thread in front of the fasciole; anal sulcus shallow, rather wide; aperture narrow, outer lip prominent in the middle, sharp- edged, not varicose; inner lip raised, continuous over the body to sutural commissure, smooth; pillar smooth, canal wide and deep. Height 11.4, maximum diameter 3.7 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type- specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165035. 49 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, DRILLIA EUPORA, new species. Plate 5, fig. 3. Shell small, slender, elongate, of more than 6 flattish whorls (speci- men decollate) ; suture distinct, separated from the fasciole in front by an elevated spiral ridge, carinated and beveled from the carina to the suture which is slightily undulated by the ribs; anal fasciole excavated and spirally faintly striated, especially on the anterior slope; axial sculpture of (on the last whorl) about 20 sharp low straight narrow ribs, with much wider interspaces, and extending from the shoulder to the canal; spiral sculpture between the sutures of 4 fine elevated threads, including 1 at the shoulder and a fifth on which the suture is laid, with wider flat interspaces; on the last whorl there are 14 or 15 equal and equally spaced similar threads; aperture narrow; anal sulcus wide, shallow; outer lip defective; canal long and straight, rather narrow; pillar and body with a rather thick smooth layer of callus. Height of five whorls 16, diameter at decol- lation 2, maximum diameter behind aperture 5.75 mm. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, one specimen. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166099. This species belongs to the group of D. ostrearum Stearns and resembles D. abundans Conrad, but is more slender and has sharper ribs. DRILLIA BELOTHECA, new species. Plate 4, fig. 7. Shell small, slender, 8-whorled, the nucleus smooth and rounded; axial sculpture of 10 low narrow straight ribs with wider interspaces ; spiral sculpture of a prominent cord at the suture, a nearly smooth more or less excavated anal fasciole, between the sutures two, and on the last whorl eight or nine subequal prominent threads crossing the ribs without interruption and giving the effect of a cancellated sur- face; anal sulcus shallow, outer lip (fractured) a heavy callus on body and pillar, canal short, straight. Height of shell 9, of last whorl 5.25; diameter 38 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166097. A very characteristic little species not closely related to any other of this horizon. DRILLIA SPICA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 8. Shell small, slender, thin, acute, elongate, with about 8 whorls; nucleus of 2 smooth whorls rounded above; subsequent whorls sculp- tured, suture closely appressed but without a sutural cord; axial FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 43 sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl 12) narrow, rounded flexu- ous ribs, equal and with subequal interspaces, extending from the suture to the canal, concavely arcuate and compressed in front of the suture, thus indicating the anal fasciole, then arcuately protractive and in front receding to the canal; the ribs and interspaces smooth or faintly marked by incremental lines; spiral sculpture only of half a dozen oblique threads on the back of the siphonal fasciole; aperture moderately wide; anal sulcus wide and shallow, a narrow strip of callus between it and the suture; outer lip arcuately pro- duced in the middle, sharp edged with a varical rib behind it be- tween which and the last regular rib the whorl is smooth; inner lip and pillar with a moderately thick callus, smooth, and with a slightly raised outer edge; canal short, wide, slightly recurved. Length 13, maximum diameter 5 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. _Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165033. DRILLIA TECLA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 18. Shell small, slender, thin, acute, elongate, with about seven whorls; nucleus of one whorl and a half, smooth, slightly bulbous; subsequent whorls sculptured, with a closely appressed suture, the sutural edge swollen into a prominent cord; axial sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl 10) narrow, rounded slightly flexuous ribs, with wider smooth interspaces, extending from the anal fasciole to the base of the whorl; surface smooth, probably polished in life; spiral sculpture comprising only a smooth constriction in front of the sutural cord, and on the base and canal about eight somewhat alternated threads mostly with wider interspaces diminishing ante- riorly; aperture wide, anal sulcus as deep as wide; outer lip thin, with sharp edge and the usual varical rib behind it; body and pillar smooth, not callous; canal short, wide, and deep. Length 10, maxi- mum diameter 4 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165036. DRILLIA SMILIA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 21. Shell small, slender, solid, with 7 or more whorls, the apex of the specimen defective as well as the outer lip; suture distinct, appressed, preceded by a very strong cord which separates it from the anal fasciole; axial sculpture of (on the penutimate whorl 15) strong 44 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. rounded whorls which extend from the anal fasciole to the canal with wider interspaces which are axially striated by rather con- spicuous incremental lines; spiral sculpture, comprising the sutural cord; a deep constriction, spirally striated, which forms the anal fasciole; and, in front of the fasciole about a dozen strong, sub- equal, distant, and nearly equally spaced rounded threads which are distributed over the whole whorl in front of the constriction ; these threads are but slightly swollen where they override the ribs, between the sutures only two to four threads are visible; aperture sublunate; anal sulcus shallow; outer lip defective, probably pro- duced with a swollen varix behind it; body and pillar callous; canal moderately wide, straight, short. Length of (decollate) shell 12.5, of last whorl 7, maximum diameter 4 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Type-specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165037. DRILLIA EUPATORIA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 16. Shell small, slender, acute, sharply sculptured, of about 7 whorls; suture distinct, not deep; anal fasciole marked by a constriction slightly in front of the suture, thus cutting off the posterior ends of the ribs and marginating the suture; axial sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl about 20) rather sharp narrow ribs, slightly retractively flexed where they cross the furrow of the anal fasciole, with wider interspaces, extending from suture to suture on the spire, and over the whorl to the canal on the last whorl; spiral sculpture of very fine equal parallel threads with about equal interspaces, on the spire and shoulder, and (about 7) more widely spaced on the base, and four or five more close set on the canal; these threads over- ride the ribs but do not nodulate them; aperture sublunate; outer lip (in the specimen) thin, sharp, simple; pillar smooth, short; canal short and wide. Height of shell 7, of last whorl 5, maximum diameter 2.8 mm. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165040. This species has much the sculpture of No. 165039, U. S. Nat. Mus., but is a much smaller and relatively more sharply sculptured shell. It is possible that the adult may have a varicose outer lip, and that the type-specimen is immature, in which case the species would be referable to the group to which Drillia ostrearum Stearns belongs. The first or nuclear whorl is smooth and somewhat inflated. The second shows the ribbing but not the spiral threads. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 45 DRILLIA TAMA, new species. Plate 12, fig. 23. Shell small, turrited, of about 7 whorls; nucleus defective, subse- quent whorls sharply sculptured; suture distinct; axial sculpture of (on the penultimate whorl 17) equal, narrow, not nodulous ribs, with much wider intervals, which between the suture and the anal fasciole are Sharply retractive, in front of the fasciole slightly protractively arcuate, and on the last whorl extend unaltered to the canal; spiral sculpture of numerous close-set equal threads, prominent on the anal fasciole and on the canal where they are more widely separated; on the last whorl these threads slightly crenulate the summits of the ribs in overriding them. Aperture defective in the specimen, the anal sulcus near the suture with a depressed narrow fasciole behind it; pillar smooth, not callous; canal short, rather wide, hardly re- curved. Height of shell 10, of last whorl 5, maximum diameter about 3.5 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen from the Post collection, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165029. Section CYMATOSYRIN Subgenus MILTHA H. and A. Adams. Miltha H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. 2, p. 468, 1857. Sole example, Lucina childrenae Gray.—Dat., Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1874, 1908. PHACOIDES (MILTHA) HILLSBOROENSIS Heilprin. Plate 19, fig. 5. Lucina hillsboroénsis Hrmprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, pp. 117, 120, pl. 16, fig. 62, 1887. Phacoides (Miltha) hillsboroénsis Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst.,. vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1376, 1908. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the Chipola marl, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. Heilprin, Burns, and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 114706. PHACOIDES (MILTHA) HERACLEUS Dall. Phacoides heracleus Dau, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1376, pl. 51, fig. 10, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River, Calhoun County, Florida. Dall and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 114425. This is a large species, recalling the Pseudomiltha gigantea of the Parisian Eocene, but the teeth are developed. Only one right valve and a fragment have been so far collected. Family DIPLODONTIDAE. Genus DIPLODONTA Bronn. Diplodonta Bronn, Ital. Tert. gebirg., p. ix, 1831. Type, Venus lupinus Brocechi, not Diplodon Spix, 1527. Mysia Brown, Zool. Textb., p. 454, pl. 90, fig. 6, 1833; also of Sowerby, 1842, and Conrad, 1838, but not of Leach, in Lamarck, 1818. Glocomene Lracu, Moll. Gt. Britain, p. 313, 1852. Cycladicama VALENCIENNES, Voy, au Pole Sud, vol. 5, p. 116, 1854. 140 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Mittrea Gray, Fig. Moll. An., vol. 5, p. 35, 1857. ? Taras Risso, Hist. Nat. Hur. Mér., vol. 4, 1826, p. 344, pl. 12, fig. 167. Type, 7. antiquatus Risso (Tertiary). Diplodonta Datu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, No. 1237, p. 792, 1901; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, pp 1178, 1179, i908 DIPLODONTA ALTA Dall. Plate 24, fig 8. Diplodonta alta Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 189, pl. 11, figs. 9a, 9b, 1890 (poor) ; pt. 6, p. 1183, pl. 44, fig. 19 (geod), 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Pomt, Tampa Bay; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the marl of the Chipola River, near the county bridge, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 155745. The first figures of this species were made from a defective speci- men that was discarded in favor of a more perfect one from the Chipola marl. DIPLODONTA CATOPOTIUM, new species. Plate 18, fig. 9. Shell small, thin, almost spherical, smooth except for concentric incremental lines, which are irregular and rude; beaks almost central, low, smooth, with hardly any trace of a lunular depression in front of them and only a very narrow chink for the ligament behind them; interior inaccessible, but from what can be seen of the margins they are probably entire. Height of shell 8 mm., length 8 mm., diameter 7 mm. Tampa silex beds, one specimen. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166111. This species has much the form of ). turgida Conrad (not Ver- rill), but its beaks are lower and the impressed lunular area of D. turgida is wanting. Section PHLYCTIDERMA Dall. Phlyctiderma Dat, Journ. Conch. (Leeds), vol. 9, No. 8, 1899, p. 246. Type, Diplodonta semiaspera Philippi (recent, Havana, Cuba); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, No. 1237, p. 792, 1901. DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) PUNCTURELLA Dall. Diplodonta puncturella Dati, Journ. Conch. (Leeds), vol. 9, No. 8, Oct., 1899, pp. 245-6. Diplodonta (Phlyctiderma) puncturella Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 11838, pl. 45, fig. 26, 1903. Oligocene of the Bowden beds, Jamaica, West Indies, and of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Recent, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and St. Thomas, West Indies. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165203. The punctuation of the surface of this small species is very close and regular, not pustulose like most of the species of this section. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE, 141 Family LEPTONIDAE. Genus ERYCINA (Lamarck) Recluz. Erycina (part) LAMaRrcK, Ann. du Museum, vol. 6, p. 413, 1806 (heteroge- neous assembly). Not Hrycina Fabricius, 1808. Erycina Reciuz, Revue Zool., vol. 7, pp. 291, 325, 1844. Type, E. pellucida Lamarck. Not Hrycina Philippi, 1836, (=Abra) nor Erycina Brown, 18383, (=Atactodeda). Neaeromya Gass, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 15, p. 247, 1873; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1872, p. 274, 1873. Type, N. quadrata Gabb, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 15, pl. 10, figs. 4, 42, 42, Erycina Dat, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 5, p. 1140, 1900. ERYCINA? INDECISA, new species. Plate 21, figs. 5, 8. Shell small, smooth, inflated, somewhat recalling Zasea rubra in form but more elongate behind; anterior end shorter and more in- flated than the longer portion behind the prominent beaks; interior obscured by matrix. Length 4, height 3, maximum diameter 2 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, one speci- men. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165197. This has the aspect of an Hrycina, but from the fact that the in- terior and the hinge are unknown, its true relations must remain in doubt pending the receipt of more material. Genus BORNIA Philippi. Bornia Purwipri, Moll. Sicil., vol. 1, p. 18, 1886. Type, Bornia corbuloides (Bivona) Philippi. BORNIA TAMPAE, new species. Plate 18, fig. 6. Shell small, rounded-quadrate, with low, nearly central umbones; the base gently arcuate, the ends subequally rounded, surface smooth, valves rather compressed, the interior inaccessible. Length of shell 6, height 5, maximum diameter 3 mm. Tampa silex beds, one specimen. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166112. This species recalls B. triangula (Lea) Dall, but is more rounded and has more prominent beaks. Family CARDIIDAE. Genus CARDIUM (Linnaeus) Bruguiére. Cardium LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 678, 1758; Mus. Lud. Ulricae, p. 488, 1764. No type selected. Pectunculus HuUppESForD, in Lister, Conch. Index, Anat., p. 5, expl. pl. 13, fig. 1, 1770. Sole example, Cardiwm edule Linnaeus (=Cardium Lin- naeus). 142 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Cardium Miter, Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 246, 1776.—Bo.Lten, Mus. Bolten- ianum, ed. 1, p. 189, 1798; ed. 2, pp. 152-34, 1819.—BrucuIére, Encycl. Méth., vol. 1, pp. 203, 235, 1789.—LAaMaARCK, Prodrome, p. 86, 1799, sole example, C. aculeatum Linnaeus.—DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1069, 1900. Subgenus TRACHYCARDIUM Morch. Trachycardium Morcu, Yoldi Cat., vol. 2, p. 34, 1853. Type, C. isocardia Linnaeus. Granocardium Gasp, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 266, 1868, C. sabulosum Gabb. CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) DELPHICUM Dall. Plate 25, fig. 12. Cardium (Trachycardium) delphicum Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1084, pl. 48, fig. 18, 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the Oak Grove sands, Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 157526. The type of the species is the Oak Grove fossil; those supposed to be specifically the same from the silex beds are poorly preserved and are referred to this species with some doubt. The figure is taken from an Oak Grove specimen. CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) PROPECILIARE Dall. Plate 18, fig. 7. Cardium propeciliare Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1080, pl. 48, fig. 12, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and in the Oli- gocene marl of the Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. Post and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165205. CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) CESTUM Dall. Plate 4, fig. 18. Cardium (Trachycardiwm) cestum Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1083, pl. 48, fig. 14, 1900. Tampa silex beds, at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and in the Oli- gocene marl of the Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. Post and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165206. This profusely ornamented species was first found at Chipola, but later Mr. Post sent specimens from the silex beds which proved to be identical though in less perfect condition. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE, 143 CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) BOWDENENSE Dall. Cardium muricatum Guppy, Geol. Mag., dec. 2, vol. 1, p. 450, 1874; not of Linnaeus, 1758. Cardium (Trachycardium) bowdenense Dat, Trans. Wagner Inst,, vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1087, 1900. Oligocene of the Bowden beds, Jamaica, West Indies, and of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165204. This species resembles C. muricatum in general characters and has about the same number of ribs, but all its characters are as it were in miniature; the shell is smaller and all the details are smaller. The true C. muricatum is more inflated proportionally and has the ribs less crowded and compressed. Moreover, it does not appear as a fossil earlier than the Pleistocene so far as known. CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM) PARILE Dall. Plate 4, fig. 6. Cardium (Trachycardium) parile DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1086, pl. 48, fig’ 17, 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the marls of the Chipola River near the county bridge, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165208. CARDIUM (TRACHYCARDIUM), spp. indet. Fragments of what appear to be two undetermined species of Trachycardium have been found at Ballast Point, but not in a con- dition to be named. Subgenus CERASTODERMA Morch. Cerastoderma Moércu, Yoldi Cat., vol. 2, p. 34, 1853.—Rormer, Conchyl. Cabinet, ed. 2 (Cardium), p. 4, 1868.—MreK, Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 166, 1876; C. edule Linnaeus. Cardium Gray, List Brit. Anim., p. 25, 1851; not of Lamarck, 1799. Parvicardium MontTerosato, Sin. Conch. Medit., p. 19, 1884. Pectunculus Huppesrorp, in expl. to plate 13, of Lister, Conch. ed. of 1770. Sole example, Cardium edule. Tf the rules of nomenclature were strictly observed it may be that the name Pectunculus might have to be adopted for the group typified by Cardium edule, as his use of it is probably the earliest binomial adoption of this name which was applied by the classic writers to any rounded inflated bivalve. But this name has been so much used for different groups of bivalves and has created so much nomenclatorial confusion that, considering that Huddesford’s 144 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. conception of the genus would probably have been synonymous with Cardium Linnaeus in its broad sense, it seems better to ignore this instance of its use. Section DINOCARDIUM Dall. Dinocardium Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 5, pp. 1074, 1097, 1900. Type, Cardium robustum Solander (C. magnum Born not Linnaeus). CARDIUM (CERASTODERMA) PHLYCTAENA Dall. Plate 25, fig. 10. Cardium (Cerastoderma) phlyctaena Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1097, pl. 48, fig. 18, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Willcox and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165207. CARDIUM (CERASTODERMA) TAPHRIUM Dall. Plate 19, fig. 3. ? Cardium (Cerastoderma) taphrium Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p, 1098, pl. 40, fig. 9, 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds ? and of the Oak Grove sands of Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 157576. The species and figure are based on Oak Grove specimens, the pseudomorph from the silex beds being so poorly preserved that identification is doubtful. Subgenus FRAGUM Bolten. Fragum Bouten, Mus. Boltenianum, ed. 1, p. 189, 1798; ed. 2, p. 131, 1819 (C. wnedo Linnaeus).—Morcn, Yoldi Cat., vol. 2, p. 35, 18538.—Dat1, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 38, pt. 5, p. 1074, 1900. Hemicardium Swainson, Mal., p. 373, 1840, after Cuvier, Régne Anim., vol. 2, p. 479, 1817, emend. Bucardium Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 18538, p. 40; not of Megerle, 1811. Loxocardium CossMANN, Cat. Illustr., p. 160, 1887. Section TRIGONIOCARDIA Dall. Trigoniocardia Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1075, 1900. Type, Cardium graniferum Sowerby. ' CARDIUM (TRIGONIOCARDIA) ALICULA Dall. Plate 25, fig. 8. Cardium (Trigoniocardia) alicula Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1108, pl. 40, fig. 12 (only), 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the lower bed at Alum Bulff, Chattahoochee River, Florida. Dall and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus, No. 165209. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 145 CARDIUM (TRIGONIOCARDIA) BERBERUM, new species. Cardium (Trigoniocardia) alicula (part) Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 5, p. 11038, pl. 48, fig. 5, 1900 (not pl. 40, fig. 12). Oligocene of Tampa silex beds and of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Florida, and of the Chipola River marl, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166113. When first described it was thought that the Ballast Point speci- men of C.. alicula was worn and that its differences from the Chipola form were due to erosion. The recovery of a well-preserved valve from the silex beds, together with specimens of the Chipola form, has enabled a more exact comparison to be made, which shows that the form from the Chipola marl beds is distinct. It may be recog- nized by its more narrow form and by the very conspicuous denticulation of the margin of the truncated end of the valves. C. alicula, so far as known, is confined to the Ballast Point horizon, but the present species is present also at Chipola. The Ballast Point specimens are U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166113. Family VENERIIDAE. Genus DOSINIA Seopoli. Dosinia Scovot1, Intr. ad Hist. Nat. p. 399, 1777. Type, Le dosin Adanson, =—Dosinia africana Hanley. Arthemis Oren, Lehrb. der Naturg., p. 229, 1815. Venus eroleta Linnaeus. Artemis ConrAD, Fos. Tert. Form., p. 20, 1832. Arctoé Risso, Eur. Mérid., vol. 4, p. 361, 1826. Venus exoleta Linnaeus. Ezxoleta Brown, Ill. Conch. Gt. Brit., pl. 20, figs. 2, 3, 1827. Venus exo- leta Linnaeus. Cerana GisteL, Naturg. Thierr., p. 8, 1848. Amphithaea Leacu, Syn. Brit. Moll., p. 312, 1852. Dosinia DresHayes, Cat. Brit. Mus., p. 5, 1853.—Da.1, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1226, 1903; not Dosinia Gray, 1888. Section DOSINIDIA Dall. Dosinidia Datu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, No. 1312, p. 347, 1902. Type, Venus concentrica Born; Trans. Wagner Inst., VOle o,) Dts Gs 1s 1229, 1909. DOSINIA (DOSINIDIA) CHIPOLANA Dall. Plate 24, fig. 10. Dosinia (Dosinidia) chipolana Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., Vols o, De 6, p. 1229, pl. 54, fig. 4, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; and of the Chipola marl, near the county bridge, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 214408. 54907 °—Bull. 90—15—_10 146 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus MACROCALLISTA Meek. Macrocallista MreK, Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 179, 1876. Type, Venus nimbosa Solander.—Dat1, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1251, 1903. Section PARADIONE Dall. Paradione Datu, Proc Mal. Soe. London, vol. 8, p. 197, Apr. 1909; U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. paper 59, 1909, p. 120, new name for Chionella Cossmann. Chionella CoSSMANN, Cat. [llustr., bassin de Paris, vol. 1, p. 105, 1886. Type, Cytherea ovalina Deshayes; not Chionella Swainson, Malac., p. 385, note, 1840. MACROCALLISTA (PARADIONE) ACUMINATA Dall. Plate 20, figs. 8, 9,10; plate 24, figs. 2. Macrocallista acuminata DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1255, pl. 57, fig. 3, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; and of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 165211 and 163313. This species resembles J. reposta Conrad, of the Miocene, but is smaller, more inequilateral, and more acute behind. Genus CALLOCARDIA A. Adams. Callocardia A. ADAMs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 18, p. 307, 1864; C. guttata Adams. Caryatis RoEMER (part) Mal. Blat., vol. 9, p. 58, 1852; not Caryatis Hub- ner, 1816. Veneriglossa DAtL, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 12, p. 275, Sept. 1886; Cytherea vesica Dall. Atopodonta CoSSMANN, Cat. Illustr. bassin de Paris, vol. 1, p. 98, Oct. 1886; A. coniformis Deshayes. Callocardia Dat, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, No. 1312, p. 358, 1902; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1259, 1903. Subgenus AGRIOPOMA Dall. Agriopoma DALL, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, p. 509, 1902. Type, Cytherea texasiana Dall, 1892; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1259, 1908. CALLOCARDIA (AGRIOPOMA) SINCERA Dall. Plate 25, fig. 7. Callocardia (Agriopoma) sincera DAL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1260, pl. 55, fig. 12, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 147 Chipola marl, near the county bridge, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 166114, 114747. This species, though smaller and with more sharply cut sculpture, may be regarded as the precursor of the Miocene C. sayana. ? CALLOCARDIA NUX, new species. Plate 18, fig. 3. Shell small, equivalve, the beaks near the anterior third, moder- ately convex, short-ovate, the surface smooth except for faint in- cremental lines; beaks low, pointed, prosocoelous, a large lanceolate lunule in front of them which is not impressed but circumscribed by a sharply incised line; there is no escutcheon; anterior slope roundly descending, ends of the shell evenly rounded, base prominently ar- cuate; anterior inaccessible. Height of shell 12. length 14, diameter 7 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166115. This simple little shell has no pronounced characteristics but is distinct from any of the other Veneridae known from this or adjacent formations. Genus ANTIGONA Schumacher. Cytherea BotteN, (part) Mus. Boltenianum, ed. 1, p. 177, 1798; ed. 2, p. 124, 1819. Venus puerpera Linnaeus. Not Cytherea Fabricius (Dip- tera) 1795, Lamarck, 1806, nor H. and A. Adams, 1856. Dosina Gray, Analyst, vol. 8, p. 308, 1838; Proc. Zool, Soe. London, for 1847, p. 183. Venus verrucosa Linnaeus. Clausina Brown, Ill. Conch. Gt. Brit., exp]. pl. 19, 20, 1827; ed. 2, 1844, pp. 90, 91. V. verrucosa Linnaeus. Omphatoclathrum Morcu, Yoldi Cat., vol. 2, p. 25, 1853. Venus Swainson, Mal., p. 372, fig. 119c, 1840. V. verrucosa Linnaeus, not of Lamarck, 1799. Callista Fiscurr, Man. de Conchyl., p. 1084, 1887, V. verrucosa Linnaeus, not Callista Morch, 1853. Cytherea Datt, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, No. 1812, p. 354, 1902; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1271, 1903. Type, Venus puerpera Linnaeus. ANTIGONA TARQUINIA Dall. Plate 26, figs. 1, 2. Venus magnifica Hettprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 116, 1886; not of Sowerby, 1853. Venus tarquinia Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1194, pl. 38, figs. 2, 2a, 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida (Willcox and Dall), and of Santo Domingo (Gabb). iS: Nat. Mus. No. 1092388. 148 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Subgenus ANTIGONA sensu strictu. Antigona SCHUMACHER, Hssai, pp. 51, 154, 1817. Sole example, A. lamellaria Schumacher, Essai, pl. 14, fig. 2, Dosinia lamarckii Gray, 1838; not Antigonus Hubner, 1820 (Lepidoptera).—Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1273, 1908. Artena ConraD, Amer. Journ. Conch., vol. 6, p. 76, 1870. Venus staminea Conrad.—FiscHer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 1084, 1887. Artenia Tryon, Syst. Conch., vol. 3, p. 178, 1884. In my discussion of this group in the Wagner Transactions I did not regard the difference of termination between Antigona and Antigonus as creating a synonym, but the usage has become fixed that it is inadmissible. The name of Schumacher will take preced- ence for the genus, while for the section the name of Conrad may be retained. ANTIGONA GLYPTOCONCHA Dall. Plate 25, fig. 1. Cytherea (Artenda) glyptoconcha Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1277, pl. 55, fig. 24, 1908. Cytherea staminea Hetxiprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 116, 1887, not of Conrad, 1839. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Will- cox, Burns, and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165213. This rather abundant species has the general aspect of Lirophora, the minute sculpture of Avtena, and the hinge of Antigona. It varies remarkably in outline, as I have shown in the Wagner Trans- actions. Section ARTENA sensu strictu. ANTIGONA (ARTENA) SHEPARDI Dall. Plate 25, fig. 4. Oytherea (Artena) shepardi Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1278, pl. 55, fig. 16, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the limestone of Hillsboro Bay near by, in Florida. Shep- ard, Willcox, Post, and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 165212, 166116. This species recalls C. ucuttana in sculpture, but has the Chzone- shape of Artena. Genus CHIONE Megerle von Muhlfeldt. Chionc Mrcrrtr, Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, vol. 5, p. 51, 1811. Venus cancellata (Linnaeus) Lamarck. Not Chione Desvoidy, 1830, nor of Gray, 1838. Chione DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1286, 1903. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 149 Section LIROPHORA Conrad. Lirophora Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1862, pp. 575, 586, 1863; Venus athleta Conrad, Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst. vol. 3, pt. 6, pp. 1286, 12938, 1903. CHIONE (LIROPHORA) BALLISTA Dall Plate 25, fig. 3. Chione (Lirophora) ballista Datx, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1295, pl. 55, fig. 23, 1903. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Crosby, Burns, and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165216. Section CHAMELEA Morch. Chamelea MOorcu, Cat. Yoldi, vol. 2, p. 23, 1853. Venus gallina Linnaeus. Dat, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pp. 1289, 1800, 1903. CHIONE (CHAMELEA) NUCIFORMIS Heilprin, Plate 25, fies: Cytherea nuciformis HEILPRIN, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 116, pl. 16, fig. 61, 1887. Chione (Chamelea) nuciformis Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, eet SOO Dl wons te “95 1903: Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Shepard, Heilprin, and Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165215. One of the more common species of the locality. CHIONE (CHAMELEA) SPADA Dall. Plate 24, fig. 12. Chione (Chamelea) spada Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1301, pl. 55, fig. 13, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds, Ballast Point, Tampa Bay (Burns, Dall, and Crosby), and of Bailey’s Mill Creek sink, Florida (L. C. Johnson). U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 109240. This species is less common than the preceding one. CHIONE (CHAMELEA) RHODIA Dall. Plate 25, fig. 6. Chione (Chamelea) rhodia Datt, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1801, pl. 55, fig. 10, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the Oak Grove sands, Santa Rosa County, Florida. Dall and Burns. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 109229. This species, though with a much greater range in time than the others, seems to be com- paratively rare. 150 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Genus ANOMALOCARDIA Schumacher. Anomalocardia SCHUMACHER, Hssai, pp. 44, 184, 1817; Venus fluctuosa Linnaeus.—Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, for 1847, p. 183. Triquetra ANTON, Verzeichn., p. 10, 1839, same type. Cryptogramma Morcnu, Yoldi Cat., vol. 2, p. 22, 1853. First species, Venus subrugosa Wood. Anomalocardia DESHAYES, Cat. Con. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 115, 1853.— DALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, p. 359, 1902; Trans. Wagner Inst.. vol. 8, pt. 6, p. 1801, 1908; not Anomalocardia H. and A. Adams, 1858 (Arcidae). ANOMALOCARDIA FLORIDANA Conrad. Plate 28, figs. 4, 5. Venus floridana ConraD, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 400, fig. —, 1846. Venus penita (part) HEILpRiN, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 1, p. 116, 1887. Anomdalocardia floridana Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 13038, pl. 55, figs. 14, 15, 1908. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the overlying Tampa limestone; of the limestone at Bailey’s Mill Creek sink, and of the Sopchoppy, Forida, limestone. Figured specimen, U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165214. This is the most common, characteristic, and oldest known bivalve of the silex beds. Its numerous variations of form have been tabu- lated in the Wagner Transactions. A. penita Conrad, described at the same time from a cast in the Tampa limestone, has not been recently identified, but Heilprin united it, possibly prematurely, with A. floridana, though Conrad’s figure indicates some differences. Genus VENUS (Linnaeus) Lamarck. Venus (part) LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 685, 1758; ed. 12, p. 1128, 1767. Pectunculus Da Costa (part) Brit. Conch., p. 184, 1778, not of Huddesford, in Lister, Conch. Anat. Index, p. 5, expl. pl. 18, fig. 1, 1770.= Cardium edule Linnaeus. Venus LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 84, 1799. Sole example, V. mercenaria Lin- naeus.—DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 6, p. 1306, 1903. Mercenaria SCHUMACHER, Essai, pp. 45, 135, 1817, same type. Not Mer- cenaria Cossmann, 1887. Crassivenus PERKINS, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, p. 147, 1869, same type. VENUS HALIDONA Dall. Plate 26, figs. 3, 5. Venus halidona Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1194, ple 38, figs. 1, la, 1900; pt. 6, p. 1807, 1903. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, and of the limestone of Hillsboro Bay in Tampa Bay, Florida. Dall, Burns, and Willcox. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165217. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 151 This is one of the largest and least common of the silex bed fossils, and has the rough area of the hinge, characteristic of the genus, quite small, compared with the Miocene and recent species of which it is one of the precursors. A nearly allied but apparently distinct species is the V. langdoni of the lower bed at Alum Bluff. Family TELLINIDAE. Genus TELLINA (Linnaeus) Lamarck. Tellina (part) LinnaEvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 674, 1758; ed. 12, p. 1116, 1767. Tellina LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 84, 1799. Sole example Tellina virgata Linnaeus.—Da tL, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, No. 1210, p. 289, 1900; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1004, 1900. Hutellina FiscHrer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 1147, 1887. Subgenus TELLINA sensu strictu. Tellina Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1009, 19038. Type, Tellina virgata Linnaeus. TELLINA SEGREGATA Dall. Plate 17, fig. 3, 11. Tellina segregata Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1019, pl. 37, figs. 7, 8, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 157847. This species seems to group with the following form, but the char- acter of the sculpture is quite different. TELLINA CHIPOLANA Dall. Plate 22, figs. 1, 2. Tellina chipolana Dat, Trans.Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1018, pl. 47, fig. 6, 1900. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay (Post) ; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the Chipola marl, near the county bridge over the Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165219. TELLINA DIRA, new species. Shell small, thin, posterior end slightly bent to the right, elongate, with beaks slightly behind the middle of the shell; beaks not promi- nent, minutely projecting, smooth; remainder of the shell sculptured with low, sharp, elevated lamellae, which are obsolete on the posterior dorsal slope; the shell shows no radial sculpture; dorsal slopes about 152 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. equally descending; anterior end longer, evenly rounded into the base, which is arcuate and rather prominent mesially; posterior end bluntly rounded and attenuate; interior with the pallial markings obscured; hinge with two strong laterals and two adjacent cardinal teeth, of which the posterior is larger and grooved. Length 11, height 9, double diameter 2.75 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. E. J. Post. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165220. A single right valve was received too late for figuring, but the species is well marked. Section MACALIOPSIS Cossmann, Macaliopsis CoSSMANN, Cat. Illustr. bassin de Paris, p. 68, 1886. Type, Tellina barrandei Deshayes.—DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1010, 1900. TELLINA (MACALIOPSIS) MERULA Dall. Plate 24, fig. 7. Tellina (Macaliopsis) (?) merula Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1019, pl. 46, fig. 4, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 157848. The species recalls 7’. mera Say, but is of different form. Subgenus ARCOPAGIA Leach. Arcopagia LeacH, in Brown, Ill. Conch. Gt. Britain, p. ii, pl. 16, fig. 8, 1827; Tellina crassa Montague.—DaALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5p 1011 S00: Cydippe LeacH, Moll. Gt. Brit., p. 314, 1852; same type. Section MERISCA Dall. Merisca Datu, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 28, No. 1210, p. 290. Type, Tellina crystallina Wood.—Datt, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1012, 1900. TELLINA (MERISCA) HALIDONA Dall. Plate 23, figs. 1, 3. Tellina (Merisca) halidona Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1021, pl. 38, figs. 3, 3a, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 157856. Only a single left valve of this species is known. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 153 Subgenus ANGULUS (Megerle) Dall. Angulus (part) MEGERLE von MUHLFELDT, Mag. der Ges. Naturf. Freunde au Berlin, vol. 5, p. 47, 1811. Tellina lanceolata Linnaeus and T. vir- gata Linnaeus. Angulus DauL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 5, p. 1014, 1900. Type, T. lanceolata Linnaeus. Fabulinad Gray, Brit. Moll. Brach., p. 40, 1851; Tellina fabula Gronovius. Tellinula Bucquoy, DAUTZENBERG, and DoxtiFus, Moll. Mar. de Roussillon, vol. 2, p. 654, 1898; same type. TELINA (ANGULUS) ATOSSA Dall. Plate 4, fig. 11. Shell egg-ovate, thin, rather compressed, nearly equilateral, with low subcentral beaks; anterior end full, rounded; posterior end compressed, attenuated, almost rostrate; anterior dorsal slope mod- erately convex, posterior slope straight; surface nearly smooth ex- cept toward the margins where the incremental lines rise into low sharp lamellae with flattish interspaces; there is no radial sculpture, and neither lunule nor escutcheon; hinge of the right valve with two cardinal teeth the posterior large and bifid, an anterior larger lateral, and a more distant smaller posterior lateral tooth; pallial sinus large, coincident with the pallial line below, and not reaching the anterior adductor scar. Length of shell 21, height 14, diameter (estimated) 7 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida, one right valve. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 166118. This shell belongs to the type of A. decumbens Carpenter, a recent Panama form, and is very distinct from any other. Genus MACOMA Leaeh. Macoma Lracu, in Ross Voy., app. 2, p. lxii, 1819 (i. tenera Leach) ; Journ. de Physique, vol. 88, p. 465, June, 1819.—DaL1L, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 23, No. 1012, p. 292, 1900; Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1044, 1900. Type, M. calcarea Gmelin. Limicola Leacu, Moll. Gt. Brit.,, p. 296, 1852; not of Koch, Aves, 1816. MACOMA IRMA Dall. Plate 24, fig. 9. Macoma irma Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1047, pl. 46, fig. 15, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 157906. The specimens, though imperfect, belong to this genus, and to a species distinct from any other in the present list. 154 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family SEMELIDAE. Genus SEMELE Schumacher. Semele SCHUMACHER, Hssai, p. 165, 1817. Type, Tellina reticulata Speng- ler, TJ. proficua Pulteney. Amphidesma LAMARCK, Anim, s. Vert., vol. 5, p. 489, 1818.—BowptcH, Elem. Conch., vol. 2, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 18, 1822. Type, Tellina variegata Lamarck (not Linnaeus). Venus purpurascens Gmelin. Syndesmyella Sacco, Terz. Piem. e Lig., vol. 29, p. 122, 1901; S. plio-ovoides Sacco. SEMELE SARDONICA, new species. Plate 20, figs. 4, 7. Shell small, ovate, the beaks behind the middle of the shell and inconspicuous; lunule deep and narrow; escutcheon confined to the left valve, very narrow, longer than the lunule; ends evenly rounded, subequal, passing smoothly into the arcuate base; sculpture of nar- row, sharp low vertical concentric lamellae with much wider inter- spaces, which are more or less concentrically striated, especially toward the ends of the shell; the lamellae are more crowded toward the anterior end; pallial sinus rounded, high; not approaching the pallial line below; hinge normal, the chondrophore small. Length 16.5, height 11.5, diameter 5.7 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 1652292. SEMELE SILICATA Dall. Plate 23 ie (- Semele silicata Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol 3, pt. 5, p. 987, pl. 38, fig. 6, 1900. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. Dall. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165221. The specimen figured is one of the first found. Better preserved individuals were subsequently obtained, and show a sharper sculp- ture. : Family CORBULIDAE. Genus CORBULA (Bruguiére) Lamarck. Corbula Brucourkre, Encycl. Méth., pl. 230, 1797 (not in Table 1792).— LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 89, 1799.—Datt, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 886, 1898. Type, C. gallica Lamarck. Not Corbula Bolten, 1798 (=Asaphis Modeer). Bicorbula Fiscuer, Man. de Conchyl., p. 1125, 1887. Section CUNEOCORBULA Cossmann, Cuneocorbula CossMANN, Cat. Coq. Fos. bassin de Paris, vol. 1, p. 37, 1886. Type, C. triangulata Deshayes.—DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 838, 1898. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 155 CORBULA (CUNEOCORBULA) BURNSII Dall. Plate 18, figs. 4, 5. Corbula (Cunecocorbula) engonata var. burnsii DAL, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 847, 1898. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; and of the Chipola marl, near the county bridge over the Chipola River, Cal- houn County, Florida. Burns and Dall. U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 166119, and 154509. This differs from C. engonata, from which it is probably descended, in its large size and more prominently arcuate base. The former is from the Eocene and Vicksburgian. CORBULA (CUNEOCORBULA) SARDA Dall. Plate 17, fig. 2. Corbula (Cuneocorbula) sarda Datu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 847, pl. 36, fig. 14, 1898. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, and of the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River, Calhoun County, Florida. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 165223. This species, though more delicate, recalls Corbula alabamiensis Lea, but is less twisted and pointed behind. CORBULA (CUNEOCORBULA) KAGHRIANA, new species. Plate 21, figs. 4, 5. Shell small, inequivalve, plump, behind pointed and almost ros- trate; left valve smaller; beaks small pointed, prosocoelous, not prominent; there is no lunule; a wide, strongly concentrically striate posterior dorsal area is bounded by a strong keel on each side; both valves are sculptured by strong concentric rounded ridges with wider interspaces; the ridges anteriorly sharp and appear even slightly recurved toward the beaks; behind they cease at the keels; the margin of the right valve below is tortuous and folded over the margin of the left valve behind; the dorsal margins between the keels pout prominently. Length 10, height 6.2, maximum diameter 5 mm. Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165224. Also recent. A species identical with this was sent by the late Professor C. B. Adams from Jamaica, West Indies, to the Smithsonian Institution under the above name, which appears never to have been published. 156 BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Family SAXICAVIDAE, Genus PANOPE Menard. Panope MENARD, Mem. Nouveau Genre Cog. Biv., p. 31, Jan. 1807. Type, P. aldrovandi Menard.—LaAMARCK, Extr. d’un Cours, 1812, p. 108. Panopea MenarpD, Ann. du Mus. Paris, vol. 9, p. 181, May, 1807. Panopea GoLDFuSS, Handb. d. Zool., p. 677, 1820. Glycymeris LAMARCK, Prodrome, p. 83, 1799. Type, Mya glycymeris Born, Not Glycymeris Da Costa, 1778, nor of Lamarck, 1801, nor of Schu- macher, 1817. Panopaea LAMARCK, Anim. s. Vert., vol. 5, p. 456, 1818 —VALENCIENNES, Arch. du Museum de Paris, vol. 1, p. 3, 1888. Panopia SwAInson, Malac., p. 367, 1840. Glycimeris H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., vol. 2, p. 350, 1856.—Gray, Fig. Moll. Anim., vol. 5, p, 30, 1857. Panope Datu, Proc. Mal. Soc., vol. 10, pt. 1, March, 1912, pp. 34-5. I showed in 1912 that the first published and valid orthography of this name is Panope and not Panopea as usually printed, the latter form being printed at least three months later than the original sepa- rate issue of Menard’s paper. PANOPE WHITFIELDI Dall. Plate 18, figs. 1, 2. Panopea whitfieldi Datt, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 8, pt. 4, p. 829, 1898, new name for: Panopea goldfussi WHITFIELD, Miocene marls of N. J., p. 89, pl. 16, figs. 9-18, 1895; not of Wagner, 18388. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the Chipola River marl, Calhoun County; and of the Oak Grove sands at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida. Also mixed with Miocene species in the rehandled marl of Jericho, Cumberland County, New Jersey. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 135913. This species differs from the typical Miocene Panope goldfussii of Wagner in its smaller size, more equilateral valves, and less expanded anterior region. Family GASTROCHAENIDAE. Genus GASTROCHAENA (Spengler) Cuvier. Gastrochaena (part) SPENGLER, Nova acta Soc. Sci. Hafn., vol. 2, p. 174, 1783.—DESHAYES, Traite de Conchyl., vol. 1, p. 26, 1844. Gastrochaena Cuvirr, Régne Anim., vol. 2, p. 490, 1817.—LAMARcK, Anim. s. Vert., vol. 5, p. 446, 1818. Rocellaria (Fleuriau Ms.) BLaINvILLE, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 57, p. 244, 1828.—Tryon, Mon. Pholadacea, p. 39, 1862. Ro«ellaria MENKE, Syn., p. 121, 1830. Gastrochaena Fiscurer, Man. de Conchyl., 1887, p. 1128.—DaLu, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 828, 1898. Type, G. dubia Donovan (=G. modiolina Lamarck). FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. E57 GASTROCHAENA ROTUNDA Dall. Plate 19, fig. 2. Gastrochaena (ovata Sowerby var.) rotunda Dati, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 825, 1898. Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay; of the Chipola marl of the Chipola River, near the county bridge, Calhoun County, Florida; and of the Bowden beds at Bowden, Jamaica, West Indies. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 114705. This form resembles G. ovata of the same size, but does not attain so large a size as the adult ovata, and has a more rounded posterior end with a rather shorter gape, the myophore being decidedly larger, wider, and more conspicuous. Lon. 7.0, lat. 3.5, diam. 2.8 mm. FORAMINIFERA. Genus ORBITOLITES Lamarck. Orbitolites LAMARCK, Syst. An. s. Vert., 1801, p. 376. First species, O. com- planata Lamarck. Orbulites DESHAYES, ed. An. s. Vert., 1836, vol. 2, p. 302. Nemophora ConraD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phita., vol. 17, 1865, p. 74. Same type, Nummutlites floridana Conrad. ORBITOLITES FLORIDANUS Conrad. Plate 20, fig. 5; plate 21, figs. 7, 11. ? Orbitolites complanata LaMARCK, Syst. An. s. Vert., 1801, p. 376. Fossil of Grignon. ? Orbitulites complanata, various AUTHORS. Nummulites (Assilina) floridanus Conrad, Amer. Journ. Sci., new ser., vol. 2, 1846, p. 399, fig. 3. Cristellaria ? floridana OrpicNy, Prodr. Paleont., vol. 2, p. 406, 1800, 1857. Nemophora floridana Conran, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 17, 1865, p. 74. Abundant in the Tampa silex beds, and in the overlying lime- stone, and in silicified rock from Martin Station, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 165225. This species was identified by Doctor Bagg with O. complanatus. It seems, however, that the identification is doubtful. I therefore retain Conrad’s name, about which there is no doubt, until the ques- tion is cleared up. It is remarkable for its variations as indicated in the figures given herewith. CORALS. The corals of this formation have been put in the hands of Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan for description. They comprise many species of great interest. See list on page 18. A . } r ‘, + ; 7% ex 4 4h Pg ' > et © i ; = . ; : y im j ’ + . t ! dsecneee er at: Qa Tenant vale sachie’ yi ‘ec Ati ha if We + ayer we hts ” ae die vs } \ ary t oR “ . ¥ anes } ‘ } > ; nm) P, SHOAL ; ert oo ff hires 00 Stoo got hi viel. in vine 8 vege y oer u r e 6 OY upd ie. a ve ie ; rt : cre ry coh nid ef at) a Ph densa? arg 4 eee pean ee _ * A an % Fic. beh et ep ek ek pe : AOORWNWH TOMA anak wh eK ay Go Ss SGOMNARMAHWNH ai 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. UU 18. 19. 20. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE 1. . Planorbis tampaénsis Dall, lat. 12.5 mm., p. 30. . Bulimulus tortilla Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 27. . Bulimulus tampe Dall, alt. 13.7 mm., p. 26. . Urocoptis floridana Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 30. . Bulimulus ballistae Dall, alt. 10.7 mm., p. 26. . Pupoides pilsbryi Dall, alt. 4 mm., p. 29. - Amnicola adesta Dall, alt. 3.2 mm., p. 102. . Planorbis elisus Dall, basal view, diam. 4 mm., p. 31. . The same specimen in profile. . Fissurella ceryx Dall, profile, lon. 9.5 mm., p. 115. . The same from above. . Pleurodonte haruspica Dall, upper surface, lat. 26 mm., p. 23. . The same in profile. . The same, basal surface, lat. 26 mm. . Cerion anodonta Dall, alt. 26.5 mm., p. 28. . Microcerion floridanum Dall, alt. 4.75 mm., p. 29. . The same in profile, showing the form of the reflected lip, lat. of shell 2.4 mm. . Bulimulus remolina Dall, alt. 9.2 mm., p. 27. PLATE 2. . Bulimulus heilprinianus Dall, alt. 11 mm., p. 25. . Bulimulus floridanus Conrad, alt. 10 mm., p. 25. . Urocoptis floridana Dall, alt. 11.5 mm., p. 30. Bulimulus stearnsii Dall, alt. 18 mm., p. 27. Bulimulus americanus Heilprin, alt. 17 mm., p. 26. Cepolis instrumosa Dall, lat. 18.5 mm., p. 23. . Polygyra adamnis Dall, upper surface, lat. 9.1 mm., p. 24. . Cepolis crusta Dall, lat. 15 mm., p. 24. . Polygyra adamnis Dall, front view, p. 24. . Body whorl of Bulimulus heilprinianus enlarged to show form of sub- sutural sinus and lip, p. 25. Pleurodonte haruspica Dall, lat. 24 mm., p. 23. Cepolis direpta Dall, front view, lat. 15 mm., p. 23. Cepolis latebrosa Dall, profile of imperfect specimen, p. 22. Cepolis direpta Dall, basal view, lat. 15 mm., p. 238. Cepolis instrumosa Dall, base, lat. 13.5 mm., p. 23. Cepolis crusta Dall, base, lat. 15 mm., p. 24. Cepolis latebrosa Dall, upper surface, lat. 16 mm., p. 22. Pleurodonte diespiter Dall, base, lat. 18 mm., p. 24. Cepolis latebrosa Dall, base, lat. 16 mm., p. 22. Pleurodonte diespiter Dall, upper surface, lat. 18 mm., p. 24. 159 160 Fia, Fie. Fic. DAOMRwWNH 10. i. al, 13. 14. i at et et moh ner OF DN MAAN Oo ite 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. SoMmrNantAwWwhD BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PLATE 3. . Cypraea tumulus Heilprin, profile, lon. 34 mm., p. 84. . Cypraea heilprini Dall, profile, lon. 26.5 mm., p. 85. . Bulimulus americanus Heilprin, basal view, p. 26. (See also pl. 2, fig. 5.) Cerion anodonta Dall, var. floridana Dall, alt. 22 mm., p. 28. Planorbis willcoxiit Dall, profile, lat. 6.5 mm., p. 31. . The upper surface of the same, lat. 6.5 mm. . Cancellaria subthomasiae Dall, alt. 20 mm., p. 47. . Ischnochiton tampaénsis Dall, a, upper surface of middle valve; b, under surface of the same, lat. 6.5 mm., p. 115. . Drillia newmani Dall, profile of body whorl showing anal sinus; en- larged, p. 46. Ampullina solidula Dall, alt. 16 mm., p. 108. Margarites tampaénsis Dall, lat. 8 mm., p. 112. Cypraea tumulus Heilprin, base, lon. 34 mm., p. 84. Melanella conoidea Kurtz and Stimpson, alt. 18 mm., p. 82. Cypraea heilprinii Dall, base, lon. 26.5 mm., p. 85. PLATE 4. . Calliostoma tampicum Dall, alt. 10.5 mm., p. 111. . Astyris dicaria Dall, alt. 4.8 mm., p. 72. . Arca (Barbatia) marylandica Conrad, lon. 37 mm., p. 119. . Astyris acanthodes Dall, alt. 6 mm., p. 75. . Yoldia frater Dall, lon. 18.5 mm., p. 117. . Cardium (Trachycardium) parile Dall, alt. 15 mm., p. 145. . Drillia belotheca Dall, alt. 9 mm., p. 42. Pleurodonte cunctator Dall, lat. 11 mm., p. 24. . Pleurodonte cunctator Dall. . Acteon tampae Dall, alt. 7 mm., p. 32. . Tellina (Angulus) atossa Dall, lon. 21 mm., p. 153. . Bulimulus (Hyperaulaxr) partulinus Dall, alt. 18.5 mm., p. 26. . Cardium (Trachycardium) cestum Dall, alt. 32 mm., p. 142. . Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) lawus Dall, alt. 15.5 mm., p. 26. PLATE 5. Turritella tripartita Dall, alt. 48 mm., p. 97. . Terebra (Oxymeris) dislocata Say, var. alt. 25 mm., p. 36. . Drillia eupora Dall, alt. 16 mm., p. 42. . Drillia severina Dall, alt. 23 mm., p. 40. . Cerithium precursor Heilprin, alt. 12 mm.,p.90. (See also pl. 12, fig. 26.) >. Fusinus ? quinquespinus Dall, alt. 33 mm., p. 66. . Helicina posti Dall, lat. 11.5 mm., p. 115. . Sinum imperforatum Dall, alt. 18.2 mm., p. 109. . Assiminea aldra Dall, alt. 2 mm., p. 101. 10. Murex mississippiensis Conrad, alt. 32 mm., p. 73. Amauropsis guppyt Gabb var. floridana Dall, alt. 27 mm., p. 108. Drillia glyphostoma Dall, alt. 15 mm., p. 45. Turris albida Perry, alt. 75 mm., p. 38. (See also pl. 14, fig. 7.) Murex crispangula Heilprin, alt. 42 mm., p. 75. Tritonalia scabrosa Dall, alt. 22 mm., p. 77. Turris (Surcula) servata Conrad, alt. 55 mm., p. 39. Fic. Frc. Fic. carats Ywywk jot HODMNOahanb ary DADATP wb CoN aA TH wry he es =) FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 161 PLATE 6. - Conus planiceps Heilprin, alt. 41 mm., p. 37. The same, upper surface. . Conus illiolus Dall, alt. 43 mm., p. 37. Conus designatus Dall, alt. 23 mm., p. 37. . Conus illiolus Dall, from above, p. 37. . Coralliophila magna Dall, alt. 52.5 mm., p. 78. (See also pl. 7, fig. 7.) . Fasciolaria petrosa Dall, alt. 100 mm., p. 64. . Acteocina squarrosa Dall, alt. 11.5 mm., p. 33. . Cyprea ballista Dall, lon. 33.5 mm., p. 85. . The same in profile. . The same, basal view. PLATE 7. . Ancilla shepardi Dall, alt. 3475 mm., p. 51. . Vasum subcapitellum Heilprin, alt. 27 mm., p. 68. . Drillia newmani Dall, alt. 12.5 mm., p. 46. (See also pl. 3, fig. 9.) . Muricidea heilprint Cossmann, alt. 23 mm., p. 76. . Cantharus pauper Dall, alt. 11 mm., p. 69. (See also pl. 10, fig. 12.) . Marginelia tampae Dall, alt. 19 mm., p. 54. . Coralliophila magna Dall, alt. 45 mm., p. 78. (See also pl. 10, fig. 6.) . Latirus callimorphus Dall, alt. 41 mm., p. 65. . Purpura (Pteropurpura) posti Dall, alt. 40 mm., p. 76. PLATE 8. . Pyrazisinus cornutus Heilprin, from type showing secondary lip (a) formed after injury; (0) original lip. Alt. 45 mm., p. 92. . Latirus rugatus Dall, alt. 42 mm., p. 65. . Bittium priscum Dall, alt. T mm., p. 88. Drillia lapenotieri Dall, alt. of fragment 27.5 mm., p. 40. . Potamides hillsboroénsis Heilprin, alt. 37.5 mm., p. 91. Latirus floridanus Heilprin, alt. 8388 mm., p. 64. . Melongena sculpturata var. turricula Dall, alt. 60 mm., p. 68. . Fusinus nevilis Dall, alt. 12 mm., p. 66. PLATE 9. . Lyria musicina Heilprin, alt. 40 mm., p. 59. . Strigatella americana Dall, alt. 27 mm., p. 61. , Cerithium plectrum Dall, alt. 4.6 mm., p. 90. Lyria musicina Heilprin, alt. 40 mm., p. 59. Busycon spiniger var. nodulatum Conrad, alt. 87 mm., p. 67. . Turritelia systoliata Dall, alt. 73 mm., p. 99. Murex trophoniformis Heilprin, alt. 49 mm., p. 74. . Strombus chipolanus Dall, alt. 65 mm., p. 87. . Polinices hemicryptus Gabb, alt. 8.2 mm., p. 106. . Strombus chipolanus Dall, alt. 65 mm., p. 87. PLATE 10. Fic. 1. Cancillaria subthomasiae Dall, alt. 20 mm., p. 47. (See also pl. 3, fig. 7.) 2. Conomitra staminea Conrad, alt. 24 mm., p. 62. 54907 °—Bull. 90—15——_11 162 Vig. Fig. fat ei BHP SODDARDMIK ew pean No de 13. bo DWH HHH HE eee NNR RRB EPS SMA ATRADESHMADARYNYH BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. . Lyria silicata Dall, alt. 27.2 mm., p. 59. . Cancellaria depressa Dall, alt. 17.5 mm., p. 48. . Busycon spiniger var. tampaénsis Dall, alt. 41 mm., p. 67. . Coralliophila magna Dall, alt. 52.5 mm., p. 78. (See also pl. 7, fig. 7.) Busycon stellatum Dall, young, alt. 835 mm., p. 67. . Marginella intensa Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 56. . Busycon stellatum Dall, upper surface, lat. 20.5 mm., p. 67. . Olivella eutorta Dall, alt. 12 mm., p. 50. . Lyria pulchella Sowerby, alt. 27.5 mm., p. 58. Cantharus pauper Dall, alt. 11 mm., p. 69. (See also pl. 7, fig. 5.) Lyria heilprini Dall, alt. 43.5 mm., p. 58. BrAmRlas . Melongena sculpturata Dall, alt. 60 mm., p. 68. . Vasum engonatwm Dall, alt. 96 mm., p. 63. . Vasum engonatum, from above. . Orthaulax inornatus Gabb, fragment of adult, alt. 55 mm., p. 86. . Ampullina (Ampullinopsis) amphora Heilprin, alt. 55 mm., p. 108. . Marginella tampae Dall. alt.19 mm., p. 54. Marginella limatula Conrad, alt. 15 mm., p. 54. PLATE 12. . Marginella mollitor Dall, alt. 11.5 mm., p. 52. . Marginella myrina Dall, alt. 6 mm., p. 57. . Marginella infecta Dall, alt. 7.7 mm., p. 50. . Marginella impagina Dall, alt. 5 mm., p. 56. Lacuna precursor Dall, alt. 5.75 mm., p. 94. . Marginella posti Dall, alt. 6.4 mm., p. 56. Mitra myra Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 61. . Drillia spica Dall, alt. 13 mm., p. 42. . Olivella colleta Dall, alt..4.5 mm., p. 50. . Drillia sella Dall, alt. 11.4 mm., p. 41. . Anachis eutheria Dall, alt. 9 mm., p. 71. . Astyris eluthera Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 72. . Alectrion ursula Dall, alt. 7.5 mm., p. 69. . Hulima bowdichi Dall, alt. 9 mm., p. 82. . Mangilia illiota Dall, ait. 8 mm, p. 46. . Drillia eupatoria Dall (immature), alt. 7 mm., p. 44. . Mitra syra Dall, alt. 15.5 mm., p. 60. . Drillia tecla Dall, alt. 10 mm., p. 48. . Cerithiopsis silicata Dall, alt. T mm., p. 93. . Turvonilla (Ptycheulimella) ethellina Dall, alt. 3.5 mim., p. 84. . Drillia smilia Dall, alt. 12.5 mm., p. 43. . Drillia silfa Dall (immature), alt. 7 mm., p. 46. . Drillia tama Dall, alt. 10 mm., p. 45. . Oliva posti Dall, alt. 21.5 mm., p. 49. . Drillia condominia Dall, alt. 25 mm., p. 39. . Cerithium praecursor Heilprin, alt. 12 mm., p. 990. . Ampullina streptostoma Heilprin, alt. 29.5 mm., p, 107. . Morum domingense Sowerby, alt. 26 mm., p. 85. . Sinwm chipolanum Dall, alt. 14 mm., p. 109. (See also pl. 16, fig. 1.) £ WIGs 2. 16. 1. 18. Wie. 1. . Mitra silicata Dall, alt. 29 mm., P. 60. . Potamides transecta Dall, alt. 18 mm., p. 91. . Serpulorbis ballistae Dall, lon. of coral 70 mm., p. 95. . Turritella atacta Dall, alt. 28 mm., p. 100. . Turritella megalobasis Dall, alt. 65 mm., p. 98. . Turris albida Perry, alt. 75 mm., p. 88. (See also pl. 5, fig. 13.) _ Turritella pagodaeformis Heilprin, alt. 50 mm., Pp. 98. MONA aR wh Qmrnwotkt ee BOococ Fic. 1. 2. 3. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 163 PLATE 13. Rissoina supralaevigata, alt. 5.5 mm., Pp. 101. . Turritella litharia Dall, alt. 20 mm., p. 99. _ Turritella (tampae var. 7) medioconstricta Dall, alt. 48 mm., p. 98. . Pyramidella crenulata Holmes, alt. 12 mm., p. 83. - Turritella atacta Dall (var. ?), alt. 14 mm., Pp. 100. . Strombus liocyclus Dall, alt. 86.5 mm., Dp. 8s. . The same, dorsal view. . Rapana tampaénsis Dall, alt. 85 mm., p. 78. . Typhis siphonifera Dall, alt. 10.5 mm., p. We . Rapana biconica Dall, alt. 41.5 mm., p. 79. . Murex sexangula Dall, alt. 22 mm., p. 74. . Hipponix pygmaeus Lea, alt. 5 mm., p. 104. . The same in profile. . The same, basal view. . Pyrazisinus campanulatus Heilprin, a somewhat immature specimen, alt. 40.7 mm., the peristome incomplete, p. 92. Bittium adela Dall, immature, alt. 8.5 mm., p. 89. Alectrion ethelinda Dall, alt. Ai2 mms, p: 40: Pyrazisinus campanulatus Heilprin, adult, with completed peristome, alt. 47 mm., p. 92. PuatTE 14. Turritelia tampae Heilprin, alt. 13.5 mm., p. 97. PuatTE 15. _ Xenophora conchyliophora Born, lat. 59 mm., Pp. 105. . The same, basal view. . Marginella inepta Dall, alt. 5.5 mm., Pp. 53. . Olivella lata Dall, alt. 9.25 mm., Pp. 49. . Orthaulax pugnar Heilprin, the outer lip restored; alt. 80 mm., p. 87. _ Astyris turgidula Dall, alt. 18 mm. This specimen is not quite mature, Dp: (2: . Modulus turbinatus Heilprin, alt. 21 mm., Pp. 94. _ Calliostoma metrium Dall, alt. 18 mm., p. Ace . Helicina ballista Dall, alt. 8 mm., Pp. 103: . Orthaulaxr pugnas Heilprin, viewed from above, p. 87. . Helicina ballista Dall, basal view, lat. 10 mm., P. 118. PLATE 16. Sinum chipolanum Dall, alt. 14 mm., p. 109. (See also pl. 12, fig. 29.) Nerita tampaénsis Dall, alt. 10 mm., Pp. 114. Natica (Cryptonatica) floridana Dall, alt. 7.5 mm., p. 106. 164 Fig. Fie. Fig. Sanna na 9 o. 14. 15. 16. 17. ft ft FP ODMDNAMRwWNH alle . Panope whitfieldi Dall. . Callocardia nux Dall, lon. 14 mm., p. 147. . Corbula burnsi Dall, lon. 11 mm., p. 155. . Corbula burnsi Dall. . Bornia tampae Dall, lon. 6 mm., p. 141. . Cardium (Trachycardium) propeciliare Dali, lon. 20 mm., p. 142. . Villorita floridana Dall, alt. 70 mm., p. 134. . Diplodonta catopotium Dall, lon. 8 mm., p. 140. . Villorita floridana Dall, alt. 70 mm., p. 154. . Villorita floridana, showing the hinge of the right valve, lat. 65 mm. SHAN Dor & bY fea gen _ OoOr & po BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. . Liotia (Arene) solariella Heilprin, view of upper surface, lat. 5.3 mm., p. 112. . The same in profile. . Liotia coronata Dall, upper surface, lat. 5 mm., p. 112. . Hipponie willcoxii Dall, lon. of base, 9 mm., p. 104. . Vivipara (Lioplax) floridana Dall, alt. 7.5 mm., p. 100. . Marginella bellula Dall, alt. 6.5 mm., p. 53. . Marginella bella Conrad, alt. 8 mm., p. 55. lal, 12: Marginella elegantula Dall, alt. 11 mm., p. 53. Marginella ballista Dall, alt. 18 mm., p. 54. Marginella newmani Dall, alt. 5.5 mm., p. 57. Marginella faunula Dall, alt. 8 mm., p. 53. ‘Tegula exoleta Conrad, lat. 12 mm., p. 111. The same, basal view. Liotia coronata Dall, lat. 5 mm., p. 112. PLATE 17. . Cardita (Carditamera) tegea Dall, lon. 33 mm., p. 133. . Corbula sarda Dall, lon. 12 mm., p. 155. . Tellina segregata Dall, lon. 17 mm., p. 151. Arca (Barbatia) irregularis Dall, lon. 52 mm., p. 119. Arca (Barbatia) arcula Heilprin, lon. 47 mm., p. 120. Arca umbonata Lamarck, left valve from above, lon. 36 mm., p. 118. Arca (Scapharca) hypomela Dall, lon. 50 mm., p. 121. . Arca umbonata Lamarck, interior of left valve, lon. 50 mm., p. 118. . Villorita floridana Dall, view of hinge of right valve, alt. 70 mm., p. 134, . The same, profile view, diem. 25 mm. . Tellina segregata Dall, from above, lon. 17 mm., p. 151. PLATE 18. Panope whitfieldi Dall, lon. 88 mm., p. 156. PLATE 19. . Spondylus chipolanus Dall, young valve, alt. 30 mm., p. 125, . Gastrochaena rotunda Dall, lon. 7 mm., p. 157. . Cardium (Cerastoderma) taphrium Dall, lon. 35 mm., p. 144. . Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, alt. 59 mm., p. 124. . Phacoides hillsboroensis Heilprin, alt. 60 mm., p. 139. . Ostrea vaughani Dall, lon. 120 mm., p. 128. Fig. 1. Pm oo bO Fic. No oP wp co CO 10. sete 12. 18. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. Fie. 1. FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 165 PLATE 20. Arca grammnatodonta Dall, interior of right valve, lon. 30 mm., p. 118. (See pl. 22, fig. 3.) . The same, from above. . Modiolus blandus Dall, anterior view, lat. 20 mm., p. 127. (See fig. 6.) . Semele sardonica Dall, profile from in front, p. 154. (See fig. 7.) . Orbitolites floridanus Conrad, typical spiral form, p. 157. (See pl. 21, figs. 7, 11), diam. 12 mm.) . Modiolus blandus Dall, right side, the left valve overlapping a little below, lon. 48.5 mm., p. 127. . Semele sardonica Dall, right valve lon. 16 mm., p. 154. . Macrocallista (Paradione) acuminata Dall, interior of right valve, ton. 16 mm., p. 146. . The same, from in front. . The same, exterior of right valve, lon. 16.5 mm. (See also pl. 24, fig. 2.) . Glycymeris lamyi Dall, alt. 16.5 mm., p. 122. . The same, interior of the valve.. . Modiolus blamdus Dall, view from above; note the overlapping of the left valve; lon. 43.5 mm., p. 127. PLATE 21. . Phacoides tampaénsis Dall, lon. 5 mm., p. 138. . The same, from in front. . Erycina ? indecisa Dall, lon. 4 mm., p. 141. (See fig. 8.) . Corbula kaghriana Dall, anterior view, p. 155. The same, in profile, lon. 10 mm. . Leda posti Dall, lon. 14 mm., p. 117. (See fig. 9.) . Orditolites floridanus Conrad, orbicular (? sexual) form, diam. 6 mm., Davo. . Erycina ? indecisa Dall, viewed from in front, p. 141. (See fig. 3.) . Leda posti Dall, interior of right valve, lon. 9.5 mm., p. 117. Cardita shepardi Dall, interior of left valve, lon. 9.5 mm., p. 133. Orbitolites floridanus Conrad, spiral form, p. 157. (See also pl. 20, fig. 5, for opposite side), diam. 12 mm. Cardita shepardi Dall, exterior of left valve, lon. 9.5 mm., p. 133. Nucula tampae Dall, from in front, p. 116. The same, in profile, lon. 7.8 mm. Codakia (Jagonia) scurra Dall, lon. 11 mm., p. 136. The same, from above. Arca (Scapharca) hypomela Dall, interior of right valve, lon. 31 mm., Di sk2Z The same, exterior view. PLATE 22. Tellina chipolana Dall, left valve, lon. 20 mm., p. 151. . The same, interior view. . Arca grammatodonta Dall, exterior of right valve, lon. 35 mm., p. 118. (See also pl. 20, figs. 1, 2.) . Cyrena pompholyx Dall, right valve, lon. 50 mm., p. 134. . The same, from above. 166 Fic. 6. Fic. TEs to os o> ot ~] wa i) He Oo a1 mS OF BULLETIN 90, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Crassatellites deformis Heilprin, lon. 61 mm. Interior of left valve, p. 131% . The same, exterior of same valve. . Cyrena pompholyx Dall, from in front, p. 184. PLATE 23. . Tellina (Merisca) halidona Dall, interior of left valve, lon. 37 mm., p. 152. . Pecten chipolanus Dall, left valve, lat. 25.5 mm., p. 124. . Tellina (Merisca) halidona Dall, exterior of left valve, lon. 387 mm., p. 152. . Anomalocardia floridana Conrad, lon. 38 mm., p. 150. . The same, from above. . Anomia microgrammata Dall, interior of upper valve, showing scars; lon. 22 mm., p. 126. . Semele silicata Dall, lon. 23 mm., p. 154. . Leda flexuosa Heilprin, from above, lon. 14.25 mm., p. 117. 10. . Phacoides domingensis Dall, lon. 22 mm., p. 187. ae 18. 28 14. The same in profile. Coralliophaga elegantula Dall, lon. 19 mm., p. 181. The same, from above. Phacoides wacissanus Dall, lon. 16 mm., p. 187. Myrtaea vermiculata Dall, lon. 7.5 mm., p. 136. PLATE 24. . Chama tampaénsis Dall, upper valve, lat. 20 mm., p. 135. . Macrocallista acuminata Dall, left valve, lon. 28 mm., p. 146. (See also pl. 20, figs. 8, 9, 10.) . Phacoides (Cavilucina) recurrens Dall, lon. 5.7 mm., p. 138. . Lithophaga nuda Dall, cast of burrow,. lon. 50:-mm., p. 129. (See also pl. 26, fig. 7.) . Phacoides (Lucinisca) calhounensis Dall, lon. 10 mm., p. 159. . Modiolus (Gregariella) minimus Dall, from above, lon. 7 mm., p. 128. . Tellina (Macaliopsis) merula Dall, lon. 16 mm., p. 152. . Diplodonta alta Dall, alt. 27 mm., p. 140. . Macoma irma Dall, lon. 28 mm., p. 153. . Dosinia chipolana Dall, lat. 40 mm., p. 145. . Modiolus silicatus Dall, lon. 22.5 mm., p. 127. . Chione spada Dall, lon. 29 mm., p. 149. PLATE 25. . Antigona (Melosia) glyptoconcha Dall, lon. 26.5 mm., p. 148. . Arca (Scapharca) latidentata Dall, lon. 18 mm., p. 121. . Chione (Lirophora) ballista Dall, lon. 24 mm., p. 149. . Antigona (Artena) shepardi Dall, lon. 21 mm., p. 148. . Chione (Chamelaa) nuciformis Heilprin, lon. 24 mm., p. 149. . Ohione (Chamelaea) rhodia Dall, lon. 18 mm., p. 149. . Callocardia (Agriopoma) sincera Dall, lon. 20.5 mm., p. 146. Trigoniocardia alicula Dall (valve somewhat worn), alt. 12 mm., p. 144. . Chama chipolana Dall, upper valve, lon. 27 mm., p. 135. . Cardium (Cerastoderma) phlyctena Dall, alt. 27 mm., p, 144. . Chama chipolana Dall, lower valve, lon. 27 mm., p. 135. . Cardium (Trachycardium) delphicum Dall, alt. 84 mm., p. 142. PRON mo OO FAUNA OF ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. 167 PLATE 26. . Antigona tarquinia Dall, left valve, lon. 49 mm., p. 147. . The same, from above. . Venus halidona Dall, right valve, lon. 37 mm., p. 150. . Modiolus (Brachydontes) grammatus Dall, left valve, lon. 20 mm., p. 127. . Venus halidona Dall, right valve, from above, lon. 37 mm., p. 150. . Venericardia serricosta Heilprin, interior of left valve, lon. 32 mm., p. 1382. . Lithophaga nuda Dall, from above specimen defective behind, lon. 56 mm., p. 129. (See also pl. 24, fig. 4.) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 1 17 FossILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 159. is teria = U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 2 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 159. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 3 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 160. BULLETIN 90 PL. 4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM SS SELLE Pp a CRP TEnD Sects BUCY ; Coppi FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. — SEE PAGE 160. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLAT U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 5 FossiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 160. BULLETIN 90 PL. 6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Er i 4 1 0 I * FossiILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 161. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 7 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. For EXPLANATON OF PLATE SEE PAGE 161. BULLETIN 90 PL. 8 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WUE wy WZ BRS 92 FOssILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 161. BULLETIN 90 PL. 9 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 161. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 10 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 161, 162. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 11 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 162. BULLETIN 90 PL. 12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FossiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 162. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 13 FossILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 163. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 14 FossILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 163. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 15 7 Ae NN Wa Bi AAD Ni FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 168. ene eae 4 Se U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 16 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 163, 164. i ae Mmilve © U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 17 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 164. BULLETIN 90 PL. 18 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 164. BULLETIN 90 PL. 19 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FossiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 164. mtn Se es lores ere peat U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 20 FossiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 165. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 21 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 165. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 22 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 165, 166. ‘ ~< = - c a i Saat - 3 ¥ als 7 b . ‘ + errs F 2 * E . . - i o . . — é a . . U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 23 FOssiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 166. U. S. NATON M AL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 24 FossiLS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 166. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 90 PL. 25 FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 166. BULLETIN 90 PL. 26 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOSSILS OF THE ORTHAULAX PUGNAX ZONE. FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 167. LIND Bp xX, The names in italics are newly proposed in this Bulletin. A Page. PeCcLeocina. Giayoan sae ee 32 Acteocina squarrosa Dall___________ 33 Acteocina wetherillii Lea__________ 33 macleon tampe Dalles 62 32 Alectrion ethelinda Dall___________ 70 Alectrion gardnerae Dall___________ 70-71 Alectrion ursula Dall_________+----_ 69-70 | Amalthea. See Hipponix. ATMAUTODSISpNOTeh 222 oe 9 to 107, 108 Amauropsis floridana Dall__________ 108 Amnicola adesta Dall__________---_ 102 AsnMIcola, Sp. Indet=—===— = ss eee 102 Asnpullina’ Lamarck== = een 107 Ampullina amphora Heilprin_______ 108 Ampullina solidula Dall___________- 108 Ampullina streptostoma Heilprin___ 107 Anachis eutheria Dall___-—-+---_-- 71-72 Agcilla shepard Dalla oa). 22 oe 51 Ancillaria. See Ancilla. Anomalocardia floridana Conrad____~ 150 Anomalocardia penita Conrad___-~- 150 Anomia ephippioides Gabb__-_-_--~ 126 Anomia indecisa Guppy —~---------- 126 Anomia microgrammata Dall______-~ 126 Antigona Schumacher_______-~_-~ 147, 148 Antigona glyptoconcha Dall___-____ 148 Antigona (Artena) shepardi Dall___ 148 Antigona tarquinia Dall___________ 147 Arca. See also Barbatia. and Sca- pharca. | Arca grammatodonta Dall _------ 118-119 ATCA: DAratind: woe oo eae eee 119 Arca umbonata Lamarck —-___-___~ 118 Arcromelon Was hae ae oe eee 57 ATTEN CONTA] =e a ea 148 Assiminea aldra Dall_____-___----- 101 Astrea (Lithopoma), sp. indet____~- 110 Astralium. See Astraea. Astyris acanthodes Dall_____----~-- 73 Astyris dicaria Dall____-——-_-~___— 72-73 Astyris eluthera Dalle - 2 - 2225 T2 ASstyris turgidula Dall_-—-=--2—_2 5 72 Axinea. See Glycymeris. B. Barbatia (Fossularca) adamsi E. A. Smith =-+5-—seaeeeal el): heals 121 Barbatia (Calloarca) arcula Heilprin_ 120 Barbatia (Calloarca) irregularis A eet oe Ee Be 2 119-120 54907 °—Bul. 80—15——_12 Page. Barbatia (Calloarea) marylandica Conradiieit a fee Cree AS ae 119 Barbatia (Acar) reticulata Gmelin__ 120 Bittium adela Dall_______._________ 89 Bittium priscum Dall__-_--__-§__-___ 88-89 Bittium (priscum var?) sora Dall_ 89 Bivetopsia Jousseaume ____________ 48 Bornia tampe@, Dall___-___________ 141 Brachydontes Swainson___________ 127 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) americanus Heilprin= Sooo see ee ee Se 26 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) americanus Vat lexus ebDalice. = 2 hae 26 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) americanus Vabepartalinus Dales =. 26 Bulimulus (Hyperaular) balliste 1) 8) ee ee ee ee ee 26-27 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) floridanus Conrad= 28 eee 25 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) heilprini- anus Dali eee = ee eee 25-26 Bulimulus (Hyperaular) vremolina Dal eee Ee ae Se ee eee 27-28 Bulimulus (Hyperaulax) stearnsii 0) Pe eee ee ere en 27 Bulimulus (Hyperaular) tampe Da eee. fe ee eee 26 Bulimulus (Hyperaulaz) tortilla Dale. SSeS ee eee ee 27 Bullaria) Ratinesquess 2 eee 34 Bullaria petrosa Conrad___--____-_ 35 Bullaria (Haminea?) sulcobasis Dall 222522) ae eee ee ee 35 Busycon spiniger var. nodulatum Conrad = 22 eee ee es 67 Busycon spiniger var. perizonatum Dell se =S=— se eee Se 67 Busycon stellatum Dall___-------- 67-68 Busycon tampaensis Dall_______--- 67 Cc. Caecum solitarium O. Meyer_----- 95 Calliostoma grammaticum Dall_--_ 112 Calliostoma metrium Dall_--------~_ 111 Calliostoma tampicum Dall_----- 111-112 Calliotectum” ‘Dallos=. 22 ees2= = 58 Callocardia (Agriopoma) nua Dall_ 147 Callocardia (Agriopoma) sincera Dalles > Se ae ee ee 146-147 Calyptrae trochiformis Lamarck__ 105_104 Cancellaria (Bivetopsia) depressa Dalle ces 2se~ Sere oo ke ke 48 169 170 INDEX. Page. Page. Cancellaria (Bivetopsia) subthom Corbula (Cuwneocorbula) kaghriana masie: Dall==2=-- ss Sse eee 47-48 DDE Sa i eS he ES en 155 Cancellaria (Sveltia), sp. indet____ 48-49 | Corbula (Cuneocorbula) sarda Dall_ 155 @ancilla (Swainson== = === =a —=—= == 60 | Crassatella. See Crassatellites. Cantharus pauper Dall___-------- 69 | Crassatellites (Scambula) deformis Cardits duamarck-22—2—- === 22-=—== 1382 Vell print: seahorse SU 131 Cardita (Glans) shepardi Dall_--- 133 | Crucibulum constrictum Conrad__ 102-103 Cardita (Carditamera) tegea Dall__ 155, jeCryptonatica Dalle =a es 105 Gardium: ‘aliculas Dall====—=======— 145 | Cylindromitra Fischer_____________ 52 Cardium (Trigoniocardia) alicula Cynodota. See Vasum. Se 144 | Cyprea ballista Dall______________ 85 Cardium (Trigoniocardia) berberum Cyprea thellprini? Dalles. 85 IDWS eS 145 | Cyprea tumulus Heilprin__________ 84 Cardium (Trachycardium) bowden- Cyprea ventripotens Cossmann____~ 84 CNnSC ee) ae re eee MAY. || Olean bey nrg es oe 133 Cardium (Trachycardium) cestum Cyrena pompholyx Dall______ _____ 134 Dall —_—-—------__-__--__=--_____ 142 | Cytherea Bolten. See Antigona Schu- Cardium (Trachyeardium) delphi- macher, cum: Dall 222253 2228 see 142 Cardium (Trachycardium) parile D. Dall 2-222 = eee ee 143 Cardium (Cerastoderma) phlyctaena Diplodonta alta Dall---~----_~~~~- 140 ST aes ee hs aa, ge ee 144 | Diplodonta catapotium Dall_-----~-- 140 Cardium (Trachycardium) propeci- Diplodonta (Phlyctiderma) punctur- Mises? oD) SMe ete tee dd ee 142 ella Dalla 2= ee eee ee eee 140 Cardium (Cerastoderma) taphrium Dosinia (Dosinidia) chipolana Dall_ 145 TB Sa a ae eh eae. 144 | Drillia belotheca Dall_______-_____ 42 Cardium (Trachycardium), sp Drillia condominia Conrad___~----_ 39-40 ST ed pets Anes 143 | Drillia eupatoria Dall _-_--_------- 44 Cepolis (Plagioptycha) _— direpta Drillia eupora Dall___--~------~__- 42 ST) sai eee re ad cre ts ee eae 93 | Drillia glyphostoma Dall ~-_-~_---- 45 Cepolis (Plagioptycha) instrumosa Drillia lapenotieri Dall____________ 40 1) alee eee ee 23 | Drillia (Cymatosyrinx) newmani Dall_ 46 Cepolis (Plagioptycha) latebrosa Drillia ostrearum Stearns______---~ 41 Dail ee oe ee ee 99 | Drilia- sella; Pell. 22) Ss eee 41 Cerion (Eostrophia) anodonta Dall_ 28 | Drillia severina Dall_____-_------- 40-41 Cerion (Eostrophia) anodonta var. Drillia (Cymatosyrinz) silfa Dall__— 46 Aoridantimesy alles sss eee 28-29 | Drillia smilia Dall_--_----------_- 4344 Cerithiopsis silicata Dall___------- 93 | Drilia spica Dalle eee 42-43 Cerithium georgianum Lyell and Dritia tama Dall_= =e eee sass 45 Sowerby 22s.) ee ee oes 80-900) Orla tecla Dall =. ee 43 Cerithium plectrum Dall_--~------ 90-91 Cerithium precursor Heilprin_—---- 90 RB. Cerithium, sp, indet== == === 90 Cerostoma. See Purpura. Chama chipolana Dall__----------- 135 Kephora. See Rapana. Chama tampaénsis Dall 135 Hryelia Vater ck sane aaa 141 na ae are ree Al Erycina indecisa Dall_-----_--_-_-_- 141 Chicoreus burnsii Whitfield ____---~- 75 Euli See Mel N : ulima. ee Melanella. Chicoreus crispangula Heilprin_—--~_ 63) Milisna boedicht Dall 82-83 Chicoreus larveecosta Heilprin___-~- 5 fa . si nis easte Aamo eR kp a mihi 5 F ulima stenostoma Jeffreys__-----~- 81 Chione (Lirophora) ballista Dall_—_ 149 Euspira Agassiz 106 Chione (Chamelea) nuciformis Heil- STG CAEN. pk a eA Te a ee 149 Chione (Chamelea) rhodia Dall____- 149 PF. Chione (Chamelea) spada Dall____~ 149 Codakia (Jagonia) scurra Dall__—--~ 136 | Fasciolaria petrosa Dall_-~-------- 64 Codakia (Jagonia), sp. indet__----- 136 | Fissurella (Cremides) ceryx Dall_-- 115 Conomitra staminea Conrad___--_-- 62 | Fissuridea chipolana Dall_----~--- 114-115 Conus designatus Dall_-__---------- 37=38) |; Fulgoraria———-—-—-_=$[= === =~ _ if Conus Allies) Dall2o =e 87 | Fulgur. See Busycon. Conus planiceps Heilprin--__--_--- 37 |) Husimitra | Conrad.==——=——————————— 60 Coralliophaga elegantula Dail__—--- 131 | Fusinus, Rafinesque_-_——----------- 65 Coralliophila magna Dall___------- 73) \) Husinus) ballista Dall=_-_=--=SS22== 66 Corals, p. 18, Fusinus nexilis Dall_____-_--------- 66 Corbula (Cuneocorbula) burnsii Dall_ 155 | Fusinus quinquespinus Dall__------ 66 INDEX. wal G. Page Page. Mancilia, ap. /indet.2c2.Lsseee- 22 82 T Gastrochena ovata Sowerby_—------- 157 | Margarita. See Margarites. Gastrochena rotunda Dall_-----___ 157 | Margarites tampaensis Dall_____-_- 112 Glycymeris lamyt Dall__----------- 122 | Marginella ballista Dall _--_-_---_- 54 Gregariella, cf. opifex Say ---_----- 128 | Marginella bella Conrad ___________ 55-56 Marinella. bellula: Dall= =.= 5 53 H. Marginella elegantula Dall_______-_~- 53 Marzinella faunula Dali=a = 53 Haliella Monterosato____------_--- 81 | Marginella gregaria Dall__--__---_~- 55 Helicina. Lamarck —--22>.-22-22.—— 113 | Marginella impagina Dall__-_-----~ 56 Helicina- ballista: Dal see 113 | Marginella inepta Dall -_-_-_--_----- 53 Helicina ballista var. tampae Dall__ 113 | Marginella infecta Dall_______-__-_-- 52-53 Helicina posti Dall__-_---_------- 113-114 | Marginella intensa Dall -_---_------~- 56-57 Hipponix pygmaeus Lea__-_---~__- 104 | Marginella limatula Conrad____-_-- 54-55 Hipponix willcoxii Dall________---- 104 | Marginella mollitor Dall_-___-__--- 52 Hoplopteron Fischer _-----_------- 82 | Marginella myrina Dall _-__-__----- oT Marginella newmani Dall______-__- 57 I. Marginella nivosa Hinds__-----~~- 54 Marginella onchidella Dall_____---~- 5d TVODRIShGabp = a aes et ee ef g2 | Marginella posti Dall--------~---- 56 Ischnochiton tampaensis Dall__-_ 115-116 | Marginella tampe Dall------------ 54 Melanella. Bowdich —-_—- —— 79, 81 Ty Melanella conoidea Kurtz and Stimp- SOT eS ee ee eee 82 Lacuna Turtonee 0 a ne 94 | Melongena sculpturata Dall_-------- 82 Lacuna precursor Dall________---- 94-95 | Melongena sculpturata var. turri- Latiromitra Locard _-------------- 57 cula Dall_--------------------- 68 Latirus callimorphus Dall__---~~--- 65 | Microcerion Dall -----~------------ 28 Latirus floridanus Heilprin_____--_- 64-65 Fe oe pa cries Dall ------- = Latirus multilineatus Dall----_---- 65 | Miomelon Dall ------------------- 5 Matirus rugatus: Dallaoes Sees 65 | Mitra Martyn--------~-----~----- 59 Leda flexuosa Heilprin-__---------- 117 cae Ce eee ee ae is oF Sia pOstt Dalla. ete amet als stra mgr ae Dalles ee ee ee Eulima. = Mitra silicata Dall___---__________ 60 Meptonotis. Conrad == = eens 103 | Mitra syra Dall ------~---------- 60-61 Lioplax floridana Dall__--------- 100-101 | Modiola. See Modiolus. A Liotia (Arene) coronata Dall _----- 112 | Modiolus blandus Dall__---------- 12% Liotia (Arene) solariella Heilprin-- 112 ee (Bopulay 7) cutaneous A Lithodomus. See Lithophaga. RIDOTCE Saas gem ae at aes Lithophaga ae oy ony 129 Se (Brachydontes) grammatus oe : 9 aoe ee ee ee ‘ eee ee eee aeainwa x 130 Modiolus (Brachydontes) grammatus - Lithophaga (Diberus) bisulcata Or- var curtulus Dal aaras ae na pigriy 5. tet t Map aed SEL 130 os (Gregariella) minimus a . . Sa ee lg ene a Cee Dale aa 22. 199 | Modiolus silicetus Dall-.————----- 127 Munechacus: Marchal 2uecs eoltu alle 83 Modulus turbinatus Heilpring==-——= 94 Lucina. See Phacoides. Morum dennisoni Reeve__--~~----- 86 Lunatia. See Buspira. Morum domingense Sowerby Sete 85-86 Stair: Covina dis SS! Ah nalted oes 107 ae feces ere mt lnyria Gray 22 58 Sera oe oat ee Lyria harpula Lamarck_-----~----- 58 ae ei PO Se ey See digi 6a, | Meare trophont tore BRO op re Lyria pulchella Sowerby---~-------- 58 Muricidea heilprini Se a & Marucniccta Dall A... 2802s” 59 | Muricidea sp. indet_------------—- ‘6 erty zebra) Heilprins .20!ac vie" 1 5g | Myrtes (Bulopia) vermiculata, 5 is Dalle ee eee ee 136-137 M ss N. Macoma irma Dall__-------------- 153 | Nassa. See Alectrion. Macrocallista (Paradione) acuminata Natica (Cryptonatica ) floridana Deh sso eS eee 146 (Dal eee eee ee ee eS 106 Mangilia illiota Dall-------------- 46-47 | Nebularia Swainson_-------------- 106 172 INDEX. Page. Page. Nerita tampaensis Dall______----_~-~ 114 | Potamides (Pyrazisinus) acutus Dall_ 92 Nucula tampe Dall-_-.--_~-.----- 116 | Potamides (Pyrazisinus) campanula- Nuculana. See Nucula. ts: Heilpring Stach. tastes ie ipaaee 92 Potamides (Pyrazisinus) cornutus O. Heilprin. 222 see eis es 2g 92 b Proscaphella: Thering=.22 25s 58 Obeliscus. See Pyramidella. Baendntrorinmeeinnn ele Lae 94 Ocinebra. See Tritonalia. Pranoehe tines ice Ban Odostomia alba Calkins_____---~-~- 82 TES q pure. Odostomia (Menestho) impressa Say 84 EE ee bi, a2 aes : % 7 Pupoides pilsbryi Dall_____________ 29-30 Ota nosti Dalla 22 = ee ees 49 Par : ¢ : pura (Pteropurpura) posti Dall__. 76 en Coe eae a aaeaaanis Bo Pyramidella (Longcheus) crenulata Olttvelia ‘eutorta Dalle == eee 50 Olivella Tate “Danes ed bor a, 49 Holmes —— a — === Sa 83 : Pyrazisinus Heilprine? oe eee 91 Omphalius. See Tegula. Boe aalicn 71 Oniscia. See Morum, PEER POM CR Sak ee Se a Onustus. See Xenophora. Orbitolites complanatus Lamarck___ 157 R. Orbitolites floridanus Conrad__-_____ 157 Orthaulax Gabbe ee ee 86 Rapana biconica Dall__-~_---------- 79 Orthaulax gabbi Dall_____________- 87 | Rapana ecclesiastica Dall__-__--__- 78 Orthaulax inornatus Gabb _________ s6—87 | Rapana trampaensis Dall____-~--_- 78-79 Orthaulax pugnax Heilprin_________ g7 | Retusa vaginata Dall______________ 34 Ostrea mauriciensis Gabb?_________ 123 | Rissoina supralevigata Dall____-___ 101 Ostra sellaeformis var. rurifera Dall_ 123 Ostrea vaughani Dall____--_--_-~- 123-124 S. OtochellustConrad === ee 58 Scabricola Swainson ___---_--_-__- 60 Pp, Seaphander primus Aldrich___-~-_~_ 34 Scapharca hypomela Dall_____-____ 121 Panope whitfieldi Dall_-----_--____ 156 | Scapharca latidentata Dall_______ 121-122 Panopea, see Panope--———~==_2_— == 156 | Semele sardonica Dall____-_---~_~--- 154 Papalaria2Dall 22222 eee eee 60 | Semele silicata Dall_____________-- 154 Pecten (Aequipecten) chipolanus Dall_ 124 | Serpulorbis ballistae Dall__---~_~~-_ 95 Pectunculus. See Glycymeris. Serpulorbis decussata Gmelin_______ 96 Petaloconchus varians Orbigny —-~_~ 96 | Serpulorbis granifera Say__----~--- 95 Petaloconchus, sp. indet___________ 96 | Sigaretus. See Sinum. Phacoides (Lucinisca) calhounensis Siliquaria’ vitis! Conrad#===- 22s": 97 Dai sete eee. aS eel ee 139 | Sinum’ Bolten 2222 222220 = ete 109 Phacoides domingensis Dall______-- 137 | Sinum chipolanum Dall__---~---~---~ 109 Phacoides (Miltha) heracleus Dall__ 139 | Sinum imperforatum Dall__-------- 109 Phacoides (Miltha) hillsboroénsis Solenosteira inornata Dall____----- 68 Hen prin’ ee ee ee ene 139 | Spiraxis annae Pilsbry ~-——_.-- === 82 Phacoides (Lucinisca) plesiolophus | Spiravis tampae Dall_-_—=-~=-----=- 31,32 LOEWE Niece sO ae a a ee 138 | Spondylus bostrychites Guppy—---~-- 124 Phacoides (Cavilucina) recurrens Spondylus chipolanus Dall_____----~- 125 FRE) Sa Se ee Se eee 128 | Spondylus inornatus Whitfield___~__ 125 Phacoides (Bellucina) tampaensis Strigatella americana Dall_-——----- 61-62 SME) Sai SS ea OE et ae ee eae 138 | Strombus albirupianus Dall____--~~ 87 Phacoides (Here) wacissanus Dall__ 137 | Strombus chipolanus Dall_-__--_--~- 87-88 Phorus. See Xenophora. Strombus liocyclus Dall____------~- 88 PhOsnsp: inde =22 2 ee eee 69 | Subularia. See Eulima. Planorbis (Torquis) elisus Dall__--_— 31 | Subularia Monterosato ___----~----- 80, 82 Planorbis tampaensis Dall________~ 30-31 | Sveltia Jousseaume ——~=2.2-U===5—— 48, 49 Planorbis (Torquis) willeoxii Dall__ 31 Polygyra adamnis Dall____________ 24 T. ‘Pleurodonte) crusts “Dalk-=— = =_ sss 24 Pleurodonte cunctator Dall_____-__~- 24 ! Tegula (Omphalius) exoleta Conrad_ 111 Pleurodonte diespiter Dall_--_---~-~- 24 | Tellina (Angulus) atossa Dall____-~ 1538 Pleurodonte haruspica Dall _--_--__ De Tellina chipolana Dall _-__-_------ 151 Pleurotoma. See Turris. Teluna dira Dall —-—----------_-_— 151-152 Plicatula densata Conrad_—--_~--_~ 12 Tellina (Merisca) halidona Dall___— 152 Plicatula inornata Say_--_----_--_ 125 | Tellina (Macaliopsis) merula Dall__ 152 Polinices (Euspira) hemicryptus Tellina segregata Dall___-__--_---- 151 Gabbea 25-2202 2 ee ee 106-107 | Terebra (Oxymeris) dislocata Dall__ 36 Terebra (Oxymeris) tantula Conrad_ Trichotropis (Cerithioderma) prima Tritonalia scabrosa Dall_______--_~ Tritonidea. See Cantharus. Turbinella. See Xancus, Turbinopsis) Conrad=—-——=—=-— === Turbo (Senectus) crenorugatus Heil- Prine! eS hee ee monponiiia: Risso; S222 = Se Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) ethel- “anapWall Ses Se See Pea re TM ee ee eee Parris bOllenea ==. soot ae ees Mmurris; albidasPerry=-——-4 2 =) 2 Turris (Surcula) servata Conrad___ hurris: vibex Dallso22 23 ee Murnitella Damarcelky 2 .0e es ee Turritelila atacta Dall_______--_-_- Turritella chipolana Dall _-_--_-___~ Turritella gatunensis Gabb_-----~_-_ Turriteila litharia Dall___.--_-- ~~ Turritella megalobasis Dall _-____-__ Turritella systoliata Dall____---_-~~ Turritella tampae Heilprin_________ Turritella tampae var. medioconstric- Turritella tampae var. pagodxformis Heilprin= 2a ee INDEX. 173 Page. Page. 36 | Turritella tampae var. tripartita Dall_ 97 Turritella tristis Pilsbry___________ 100 93 | Turritella uvasana Conrad_________ 100 77 | Typhis siphonifera Dall ___________ 77-78 U. 94 | Urocoptis floridana Dall___________ 30 110 Vv. 83 Vasum engonatum Dall _-_________ 63 8 Vasum subcapitellum Heilprin _____ 63 4 Velorita. See Villorita. 105 Venericardia himerta Dall _._______ 132 38 Venericardia serricosta Heilprin____ 132 38 | Venus halidona Dall_____--______ 150-151 39 Venus! Jangdoni) Dalli 22-222 151 39 Vermicularia (Anguinella) virginica 97 Conrage ess 2 Lee es a ee 96 100 | Villorita floridana Dall____----___- 134 98 Volsella. See Modiolus, a Voluta: stearnsiipalle==2 57 98 xe 99 97 | Xancus polygonatus Heilprin_______ 3 Xenophora conchyliophora Born____ 105 98 | ye 98 | Yoldia frater Dall _-..___._-__..-- 117 © Os eae eee hee fixe cea hes rr, ee SOE Oe SR, a BS Sok, AT ced BERRY Oe ERA f a Ore , Daniel Wr SR Bees gi iets REN Oy hwo Oe ARR siaay + 4 a ea eV oh weg Ao. (age inate 3! Ciba eee, uae shared’ ili BOLE TT | Asi a fis ahi. mia ROA: spa im Shines eaat ‘ ; ihe: ee ips Ml acl rus as Zz ei > oa ares enienaiie si pie a ee : te ' i { ie Y 1 Vy en F a: a) pe Ahe sth =) nt} Wy has Cr is re mi ae th nd hee i 7 i » ate to « 7 vy a (i sae ot ieee a a er geek Dee ") ie! amt ites A: 2; Py tied 7 oe "= = > = - hk 5 i apes es —— ay 7 aie a) a , ‘ * ‘ 1 * . » 4 st) Rees a Cee We ae, Ree I oe Pe ee f i i re ue j ih Raith v Hae I ap! rs ted weit : PW ae " { P i i ‘a Net di b ut 7 , vet Wy , 4 Athy W nia KO iy in j rine. bath Mm d i liad UY Ley ee Des ol hee Mh j 4a Gay iy Ae ay, Rea t “( he er ha j ee Vet! a Le oa j heey nN i 1 ie 4 Tiwi i iy ul lente ei re 1 f ; if f ’ \ i 1 1 Ui it ; ; . A i ‘ 4 ] = i i ‘ : a f | ah - 4 y a pe . aur i Hi ‘ oS t ’ . x M j ; re q i i Ve ' Wy a . vn. 9 i *% me 4 A > \ "ae oi | i : é f hae ‘Aagt * 1 i if 4) ; | “oR Z \ A , + 1 : hy an : } = i oe ti) . ‘ i itt yall Ni) , f h } h 1 ‘ j ; , } we nr i i ) REL , A 445