Ca 1 if ornia". "Dept ." "o?''FTsn and Game. Biennial Report 1942-1944. ■ ■ c.l California. Dept. of Fish and Game. \ Biennial Report 1942-1944. (bound volume) c.l DATE DUE I. U /Ji^i I '' ■-' 'n'if l_ California. Dept. of Fish and Gaine, Biennial Report 1942-1944. (bound volume) c.l DATE ISSUED TO ? ,-, T)R'f^^^<5^"~"-^==-^^-Q •i^ -felT L>^ -' 4t^- /L^.k P\ :-iS^-^t^-''-Fte7>^, U^^^f II HAA^l^^a^e^ California Resources Agency Library 1416 9th Street, Room 117 Sacramento, California 95814 %»rnta STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WARREN T. HANNUM, Director THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME FOR THE YEARS 1942-1944 printed in California state printing office CONTENTS Page LETTER OP TRANSMITTAL, 5 REPORTS Fish and Game Commission 7 Library 8 Fish Consei'vation By A. C. Taft 9 Game Conservation By J. 8. Hunter 15 Waterfowl Public Shooting Grounds in California 16 Game Farms By August Bade 27 Patrol and Law Enforcement By L. F. Chappell 30 Marine Fisheries By Richard Van Cleve 33 Engineering By John Spencer 42 License Distribution By H. R. Dunbar 45 Sardine Canning and Reduction Plants By S. H. Dado 86 and 100 STATISTICAL REPORTS License Sales 46 Fish Distribution and Rescue 59 Predatory Animal Take 74 Arrests and Convictions 75 Seizures of Pish and Game 76 Record of Deer Kill Between 80 and 81 Record of Mountain Lion Bounties Between 80 and 81 California Fresh Fishery Products 81 [3] In JWtmoriam It is with mucli regret the Division reports the following deaths and retirements of members of its staff during the biennium and wishes at this time again to give recognition to the faithful and efficient service rendered by these employees. Entered service Died A. R. Ainsworth 8/ 1/27 8/ 8/42 James L. Stinnett 1917 8/3/42 C. L. Bundock 1925 6/ 5/43 E. A. Chan 1926 4/26/43 Alvin Granstrom 1936 7/21/43 Charles R. Love 1929 8/11/43 Arthur Boeke (war casualty) July, 1943 Entered service Retired Henry Lencioni 8/27/07 9/30/42 J. C. Lewis : 1922 9/30/42 J. D. Dondero 1917 10/31/42 M. S. Clark 8/20/11 11/30/42 [4] LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL July 1, 1944 To His Excellency, Earl Warren, Governor, State of California, ' ■ Sacramento Sir : "We, the members of the Fish and Game Commission, are happy to submit our biennial report covering the period July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1944. The following- report covers the activities of the various functions within the division. Respectfully submitted. Nate F. Milnor, President DoM A. Civitello, Commissioner Lee F. Payne, Commissioner H. L. Ricks, Commissioner W. B. Williams, Commissioner [5] REPORT OF THE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION During the past bienniiim, appointments made to the Fish and Game Commission under the constitutional amendment adopted November, 1940, resulted in the following changes in personnel in the commission : II. L. Ricks appointed March 6, 1944; vice Edwin L, Carty, term expired Januarj^ 15, 1943. Dom A. Civitello appointed March 15, 1944; vice Germain Bulcke, term expired January 15, 1944. Due to the war, unusual problems were presented to the Fish and Game Commission for its action. They shall be itemized briefly here as more detail is contained in the reports of the bureau chiefs which follow. Recommended closing of large portion of the State in Southern Cali- fornia to deer hunting. This originated by a request of the General of the "Western Defense Command to the Governor requesting such closures due to fire hazard. In 1943, a portion of Lassen and Modoc Counties was opened to antelope hunting for the period September 11th to September 20th and in 1944 from September 8th to September 17th. In 1943, due to the closure of a large portion of the State to deer hunting due to fire hazard, and finding that deer had increased in certain areas to such an extent that a surplus thereof existed, a special hunting season for deer w^as declared for the period December 11, 1943, to Decem- ber 31, 1943. Also due to the stress of the times, it was found necessary for the Fish and Game Commission to enact regulations controlling the sardine fishing fleet during 1943. The ensuing year, this work was conducted by the office of the Coordinator of Fisheries of the Federal Government, created by an Executive Order of the President of the United States. The work of the Fish and Game Commission was greatly handicapped by lack of personnel, but despite this shortcoming, we are proud to report that more fish were produced in the hatcheries and more game birds reared at the State game farms than in previous years-. [7] 8 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION LIBRARY By Bessie W. Kibbe, Departmental Librarian Despite the war 's effect on the personnel of our division, the utiliza- tion of the Library's facilities has not diminished; the requests by those who are carrying on definite fish and game studies and projects grow daily. There has been a reduction in the number of students and other visitors from the outside, due to preoccupation with the war, although officers and men of the Army and Navy have called upon our Library frequently for information about the natural history-^especially fish — of the Pacific theatre of war. The war has continued to prevent the receipt of most foreign period- icals, although those from Australia, New Zealand and England have come through regularly. The Library has contributed its revised holdings to the Union List of Serials of the San Francisco Bay Region, Supplement, one of the important tools in libraries in this territory. The rehabilitation of some of the Library 's much-used volumes, and the binding of periodicals deemed worthy of permanent retention, was carried on. We were able to purchase the very much desired back numbers of Biological Abstracts, thus completing our file of this important library tool. " The Library's shelving and floor space is gradually becoming more and more crowded. The duties connected with the properly functioning of our division 's Library, which cover so many phases and sections of any general or branch library: reference, catalog, laws and legislation (fish and game laws and reports of all States and foreign countries) and order section, have so materially increased with the steady natural growth of our Library, that it is becoming somewhat difficult for one person to carry on, in an adequate and completely satisfactory manner, all the attendant details that the management of such a Library entails. It is hoped that when more normal times return, additional facilities, both in space and assistance, may be given this Library. The policy of the division 's Library, with restricted funds per- mitting, is to furnish books and material helpful to our force in the studies and work pertinent to fish and game and conservation thereof. To this end, during the thirty-eighth biennial period, we have added 336 books; by purchase amounting to $1,243.14 ; by gift $188.35. The total number of bound volumes on file is 3250, with a value of $11,772.18. Scientific pamphlets added during this period were 718, being $59.11 by gift; $103.64 by purchase. Total number of pamphlets catalogued and filed are 7997, with an appraised and/or known value of $1,385.53. Books and pamphlets represent $13,157.71. A microfilm reader and certain special films were added to the other property holdings of this Library, but the value of all such property is not included in this report. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION By A. C. Taft, Chief During the biennial period work has centered around an effort to maintain a normal program so far as wartime limitations would permit. Differences between this and the previous biennium are thus largely those brought about by the war. The j^ear 1941, just prior to the Avar, was the all time high in the sale of angling licenses, 458,177 having been issued. On the basis of experience in the previous World AVar it was expected that license sales would fall off rather seA^erely in 1942 and 1943. This did not occur and 433,431 w^ere issued during the first year of the period and 439,860 during the second. Even during 1944 under drastic gasoline rationing both for boats and cars it appears that the number of anglers will be within 6^ per cent of the high figure for. 1941. With angling effort remaining at a high level the problem of main- taining the supplies of fish under definite limitations as to manpower and equipment became difficult. Almost all assistant wardens, both perma- nent and seasonal, left the division and only 30 permanent fish hatchery assistants remained out of a normal quota of 50. Even with such tempo- rary replacements as could be made the total manpower remained from 12 to 15 per cent below normal. In a number of instances the wives of hatchery employees and other women were hired for seasonal or part time work, which made it possible to carry on work at stations which would have otherwise been closed. Little new equipment has been available and inability to make replacements has been most severely felt in heavy trucks, gasoline motors for fish planting equipment and tires. No new tires have been purchased since 1941 and only careful management and the utmost economy in mileage has made it possible at the same time to plant an increasing amount of fish. In 1940 there were 133,949 pounds of trout planted and in 1941 the total was 167,647. In spite of the many problems of operation brought about by the war the poundage was increased to 238,279 in 1942 and to 275,401 in 1943. The 1943 planting was thus an increase of 12 per cent over 1942. The point has now been reached where more than a pound of trout is being planted for each licensed angler who fishes for trout. It is not to be expected that this total can be very much increased with present facilities of manpower and equipment. The following table shows the hatcheries and egg taking stations that were operated during the biennium. Where operations were temporarily or permanently discontinued that is also indicated. 10 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION TABLE 1 Hatcheries and Egg Collecting Stations Operated 1942-43 Hatcheries Alpine, temporarily closed in 1943 Kaweah Arrowhead, closed in 1943 Kern Basin Creek Kings River Black Rock, opened in 1942 Lake Almanor Brookdale Madera (seasonal) , temporarily closed Burney Creek - in 1943 Central Valleys Mount Shasta Coy Flat (seasonal), opened in 1942 Mount Whitney Fall Creek Prairie Creek Feather River Rearing Reservoirs, closed in 1943 Fern Creek, closed in 1942 Sequoia Fillmore, enlarged in 1942 Tahoe Fort Seward, closed in 1943 Tallac Hat Creek Yosemite Huntington Lake (seasonal), tempo- Yuba River rarily closed in 1943 Egg Collecting Stations Fall Creek (Steelhead and salmon) Heenan Lake (Black spotted), closed in Little Walker Lake (Eastern brook) 1943 Prairie Creek and Lost Man Creek Kirman Lake (Eastern brook), closed in (Silver salmon) , 1943 Rush Creek (Loch Leven) Klamathon (King salmon), temporarily San Lorenzo River (Steelhead) closed 1943 Snow Mountain (Steelhead) Lake Eleanor (Rainbow), closed in 1943 Shasta River (Steelhead), closed in 1943 f At the end of the bienniiim only f onr of the seven members who com- posed the reg-ular biological staff at the start of the war remained on duty — Brian Curtis, Supervising Fisheries Biologist, and Joseph H. Wales, Leo Shapovalov and William A. Dill, District Biologist. The three junior aquatic biologists were on military leave, Earl Herald having left before the beginning of the biennium and Elden Vestal and Chester "Woodhull at the end of 1942. Six men were employed at various times on seasonal or part-time basis, A. B. Murphy, Alex B. Culbertson, J. C. Marr, Garth Murphy, Warren R. Cheney and William H. Davenport. The accomplishments of the staff are to some extent reflected in the list of reports and publications which follows. Routine activities were carried on such as lake and stream surveys and recommendations for stocking, for stream closures and for other forms of regulation. Projects of special interest are described below. The life history of the steelhead and, incidentally, of the silver salmon, has been under study at Waddell Creek since 1932. Mr. Leo Shapovalov has practically completed writing up this work which will be published shortly and which will be an outstanding contribution to the knowledge of these species. That part of the Colorado River which borders California was sur- veyed by William A. Dill and Chester Woodhull in 1942. The resulting report, published in July of 1944 after an exhaustive study of the data obtained, presents information about this area never before brought together under one cover and offers concrete proposals for the manage- ment and regulation of the fishery. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 11 Experiments on the electric fish screen were carried on by J. H. Wales at Hat Creek in Shasta County where the Pacific Gas and Electric Company installed one of these devices at their Hat No. 2 Power House and made it available to us for this purpose. Here the discovery was made that if, instead of placing the live electrodes downstream from the ground as has been done in the past, they were placed upstream, there would result an electric field extending upstream from the electrodes with gradually diminishing strength. It is possible that this system will prove better adapted to the repulsion of fish of all sizes than the previ- ously used design, where the field extended with quite uniform strength from the electrodes upstream to the ground and then ended rather abruptly. As a result of these experiments the desirability of further knowledge of the water velocities which trout of various sizes can over- come became apparent and accordingly tests on their swimming speed are now underway at Mt. Shasta Hatchery. Lake fisheries have received much attention during the biennium. June and Gull Lakes in Mono County were under close observation by Elden Vestal prior to his induction into the Army in DecenifeFS'-^-i942, and here it was shown that planting of sized rainbow from th4j;Iay Creek fall spawning stock at the opening of the fishing season would provide a yield of 50 per cent to the anglers' creels. Intensive studies by J. H. Wales of Castle Lake in Siskiyou County dealt with the yield obtained by planting fingerling trout of various species and showed that on the aver- age about 5 per cent of the number planted would reach the angler 's creel. The latest step here has been the introduction of soy bean meal to see if fertilization of a natural lake of this size can be a practical means of improving its fishery. Clear Lake was investigated at the request of the Lake County Board of Supervisors with respect to the effect on the sport fishery of commercial netting of rough fish and regulations were proposed under which the latter is now carried on. A preliminary survey of Millerton Lake above Friant Dam was completed and one of the Shasta Reservoir initiated. Creel counts of a less extensive nature were carried on at Stevens Creek Reservoir in Santa Clara County and at Frog Lake in Nevada County. A project for the survey of barren lakes has been carried on each summer by Mr. Dill in cooperation with the Fresno County Sportsmen's Club for the purpose of assuring proper manage- ment of these lakes from the start. The control of rough fish in lakes through rotenone poisoning has been difficult due to the shortage of this material, but Ballard Reservoir in Modoc County has been successfully treated and brought back into production, as well as two smaller lakes in this same region, Cave and Lily. The whole question of stream flow maintenance has received much attention, from high altitude check dams for the improvement of moun- tain streams to amounts of water needed for release, from dams built and to be built on our large rivers, for preservation of fish and fishing. The Salton Sea mullet fishery was briefly investigated by Dill and Woodhull and recommendations made on which the present regulation of the commercial catch is based. At the Central Valleys Hatfchery at Elk Grove experiments were initiated which have to do not only with the production of spiny rayed fishes for stocking but also with desirable species combinations for use 12 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION in farm ponds. Interest in the latter is apparently on the increase in California. The striped bass investigation has suffered from lack of competent personnel. A trained biologist, Garth Murphy, was employed November 15, 1943, on a part-time basis but was inducted into military service in March, 1944. During that period his work consisted principally of sampling the sportsman's catch wath reference to the concentrations of fish and to their growth, food, spawning habits, etc. In an effort to get some idea of the number of striped bass taken by commercial nets, three salmon fishermen were inducted to keep records during May and part of June. These indicated one bass to every 10 to 15 salmon. An experiment started in 1941 bore fruit in 1943. The ' ' Kokanee, ' ' a landlocked form of the sockeye salmon very popular with fishermen in Washington and Oregon, but not found in California, was introduced into Salt Springs Keservoir on the Mokelumne River in July, 1941. These fish throve and reached maturity in the autumn of 1943 when eggs were taken for transplanting. To the eggs thus obtained were added others purchased outside the State and the experiment is now being extended by planting these fish in several other lakes in different parts of the State. Statistics on the angling catch were gathered as usual throughout the biennium but the 1943 report is not yet ready due to delay in pro- cessing of the material by the organization which contracted for this work when it was given up bj^ the division's statistical department at Terminal Island because of reduced personnel. The 1942 figures showed a trout catch of 16,400,000 by 234,000 anglers as against a catch of 15,- 700,000 bv 238,000 anglers in 1941, with an increase in the average catch from 66 to 70. The steiped bass catch in 1942 was 1,760,000 by 93,000 anglers as against 2,035,000 by 111,400 anglers in 1941, the average catch remaining unchanged at 18 fish per angler for the season. The editorship of the quarterly magazine California Fish and Game was assigned to Brian Curtis when Richard Croker went into the Army at the beginning of the biennium. Following is a list of the publications and administrative reports prepared during the biennium. PUBLICATIONS Reclamation with Rotenone of Crystal Lake, Los Angeles County, California, Elden H. Vestal. Vol. 28, No. 3, C. F. and G. A game fish for the Salton Sea, the ten-pounder. Flops affinis, William A. Dill and Chester Woodhull. Vol. 28, No. 4, C. F. and G. Resources of the Sea in Wartime. Brian Curtis. Vol. 28, No. 4, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game, Brian Curtis. Vol. 28, No. 4, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 1, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 2, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 3, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Game, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 4, C. F. and G. Twenty-five years ago in California Fish and Gajie, Brian Curtis. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. Creel Returns From Hatchery Trout in June Lake, California, Elden H. Vestal. Vol. 29, No. 2, C. F. and G. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 13 Rehabilitation of a Modoc County Reservoir for Trout Fishing, J. H. Wales. Vol. 29, No. 2, C. F. and G. Fish Rescue in California, Chester Woodull. Vol. 29, No. 3, C. F. and G. Mussel Poisoning Twenty-five Years Ago and Today, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 3, C. F. and G. James Moffitt, 1900-1943, Brian Curtis. Vol. 29, No. 4, C. F. and G. *Black Spotted Trout in Blue Lake, California, A. J. Calhoun. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. Fresh Ocean Fish as a Trout Diet, J. H. Wales. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. The Tench in California, Leo Shapovalov. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. Trout Fishing Restored to Modoc County Reservoir, J. H. Wales. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. *Hesperolencus symmetricus Reported From Clear Lake, Lake County, California, Garth Murphy. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. *The Food of the Black-spotted Trout {Salmo clarJcii henshawi) in Two Sierra Nevada Lakes, A. J. Calhoun. Vol. 30, No. 2, C. F. and G. *The Bottom Fauna of Blue Lake, California, A. J. Calhoun. Vol. 30, No. 2, C. F. andG. The Fishery of the Lower Colorado River, William A. Dill. Vol. 30, No. 3, C. F. and G. (In press at end of biennium). The following were published by members of the Bureau of Fish Conservation other than the biological staff : Diamond-back Terrapin Introduced into California, A. C. Taft. Vol. 30, No. 2, C. F. and G. In Memoriam, Richard de Large, A. C. Taft. Vol. 30, No. 2, C. F. and G. John Otterbein Snyder, A. C. Taft. Vol. 30, No. 1, C. F. and G. Selective Breeding of Rainbow Trout at Hot Creek Hatchery, R. C. Lewis. Vol. 30, No. 2, C. F. and G. Golden Trout Propagation in California, George McCloud. Vol. 29, No. 4, C. F. and G. ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS Brian Curtis Angling Catch Records, 1942. Submitted April 24, 1944. Angling Catch Records, 1941. Submitted July 10, 1942. The Frog Lake (Nevada County) Fishery in 1943. Submitted March 1, 1944. The Frog Lake (Nevada County) Fishery in 1942. Submitted January 12, 1943. Fisheries Aspects of South Fork of Stanislaus Stream Flow Maintenance Surveys. Submitted September 14, 1943. Report on Check Dam Reconnaissance in Silver Lake, Amador County Area. Submitted September 16, 1942. Joseph H. Wales Poisoning of Cave and Lily Lakes, Modoc County, October 18-19, 1943. Submitted November 30, 1943. General Report on Lake Almanor, Plumas County. Submitted December 10, 1943. Castle Lake Report for 1943. Submitted March 17, 1944. Castle Lake Report for 1942. Submitted January 13, 1942. Report of Investigations on Clear Lake, Lake County, California. Submitted April 10, 1943. Report of Tests Made at the Hat No. 2 Electric Fish Screen, June-July, 1943. Submitted August 12, 1943. Diversion of Water From the Pit River to the Pacific Gas and Electric Pit 5 Power House. Submitted March 12, 1944. Summary of Weekly Disease Reports for 1943. Submitted March 15, 1944. Summary of Weekly Disease Reports for 1942. Submitted March 2, 1943. Shasta Valley Fish Screens. Submitted January 14, 1944. William A. Dill Tule Indian Reservation Project, Report on 1942 Pish Marking and Planting. Submitted October 14, 1942. * Publications based on work performed by tha author while employed by the Division of Fish and Game. 14 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION The Inland Mullet Fishery of California, Report No. 2. Submitted November 10, 1942. A Preliminary Report on the Potential Fishery of Millerton Lake AVith Suggestions for its Management. Submitted April 9, 1943. A Fisheries Survey of the Upper Bear Creek Drainage, Fresno County, California. Book 1, General Account ; Book II, Detailed Surveys of Individual Waters. Sub- mitted May 28, 1943. Tule Indian Reservation Project, Report on 1943 Fish Marking and Planting. Sub- mitted October 1, 1943. Stream Closure in Tulare County : Boulder Creek. Submitted June 5, 1944. Preliminary Suggestions for Postw^ar Projects, Fresno Biological District. Sub- mitted June 15, 1944. The Colorado River Survey, 1942. Book I, Dams, Diversions, Pumps. Submitted June 26, 1944. William A. Dill and Chester Woodhull The Tule River Indian Reservation Creel Count, 1942. Submitted August 21, 1942. The Possibilities of Increasing and Maintaining a Run of Salmon {Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Kings River, California. Submitted September 10, 1942. William A. Dill and G. S. Gunderson Hatchery Sites, Tulare County : Moorehouse Creek Spring. Submitted September 30, 1943. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 15 REPORT OF BUREAU OF GAME CONSERVATION By J. S. lluATEK, Chief The need for a better understanding of the problems of conservation by all interested has been \evy apparent during the past biennium. With the need to produce more food it has been necessary to give consideration to all those causes that result in less production, and with the higher value of agricultural crops the loss of any portion of the crop has been more apparent to the producer. Wildlife that reduces crop production is regarded by the extremist the same as insect pests and should be destroyed. Fortunately such people do not predominate and wildlife, generally, is regarded both for its intrinsic and aesthetic value. It is, however, necessary tor the conservationist to give consideration to the damage that is or may be caused and to develop protective measures that will keep the loss to an inconsequential minimum. Under normal condi- tions this is a difficult problem but under conditions that have prevailed during this biennium it has been stupendous. There are several areas in the State where deer have caused many complaints. In the Stony ford area, in the Sacramento Valley, a study was made of the situation and it was agreed by all interested parties that if a brush area were burned in the area adjacent to the farming section, it would relieve the situation but after consent had been secured from the State Department of Forestry, the permit allowing burning was canceled and we were unable to carr}^ out the experiment. In Modoc County there have been complaints from stock interests that deer were destroying browse and feed and it was no longer possible to carry the same number of cattle as had been grazed in previous years. The deer that caused the damage moved into California during heavy winters from Oregon and in order to relieve the situation the Oregon commission has had an open season on does since 1941. During that time some 4,574 antlerless deer have been taken. From recent studies we find this has greatly relieved the situation. In the Doyle area of southern Lassen County a study was carried on by the staff of the Bureau of Game Conservation to determine the extent of damage to farmers by Rocky Mountain mule deer and the approximate number of deer involved. This problem is still being studied with a number of proposals being considered to alleviate the damage. Land acquisition, herding and herd reduction have all been proposed, and all of these may be used in part to remedy the situation. The increase of waterfowl during the past several years has brought about many complaints from certain agricultural areas, particularly in the rice fields of the Sacramento Vallej^ and the rice and other fields in the Imperial A^alley. Progress has been made in reducing this problem and we hope to be able to solve it. Botulinus has been prevalent at Tulare Lake since the area was flooded in 1937. Mr. D. D. McLean has carried on investigations in that region and reports as follows : Botulinus or duck disease was active at 16 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Tulare Lake in 1942 but to a lesser degree than in previous years. The 1943 infection was about the same as in 1942. 1942 — 461 ducks picked up — 388 banded aud released — 73 lost 1943 — 576 dncks picked up — 484 banded aud released — 92 lost 1.5.6 per cent loss in 1942 16.2 per cent loss in 1943 For comparison the 1941 figures show : 5,711 ducks picked up ; 4,912 banded and released ; 799 lost, 13.9 per cent loss. The radical difference in the number of sick birds was evidently due to the change made by the farmers in the management of their irrigation water during the late summer and fall. They began the new system in 1942, whereby the water was kept moving from one field to the next lower one as soon as the first field was flooded and soaked. The intervening levee is cut and the water kept moving from one field to the next until the irrigation is completed. On completion of the irrigation, water is pumped back into the lake. This system keeps the water moving and does not give the vegetation time to start decomposing in the warm standing water. The old system of allowing fields to remain flooded for weeks at a time found the water temperatures rising and heavy decomposition with a corresponding decrease of oxygen content in the water. The botulinus bacillus thrived in such a medium. Under the new system most of the duck disease was found in low, undrained spots on the fields and in barrow pits. The fall duck population has increased steadily in the Tulare Lake region each year since 1938. The 1942 and 1943 peak populations were not radically different. The 1942 peak was on or about October 8th, when 3,500,000 were estimated to be in the area, and the 1943 peak was on October 10th, with 4,000,000 birds estimated to be present. Water surface temperature, bottom temperatures, sun temperatures, shade temperatures, wind direction and velocity, and general weather conditions were noted and correlated with the severity of the disease. Intensive study has been given the problem of providing shooting areas for unattached duck hunters. To R. E. Curtis, a member of the staff, was given the task of working plans of procedure and operation. His approved report follows : WATERFOWL PUBLIC SHOOTING GROUNDS IN CALIFORNIA Suggested Management Practices and Estimated Costs Objectives "Waterfowl management in California presents problems that are probably unique in the United States. Reclamation has reduced and agriculture has encroached upon the natural waterfowl habitat to an extreme extent. Public shooting grounds in this State will have two principal objec- tives: (1) To provide the unattached hunting license holder with a place to shoot at reasonable cost. (2) To control and minimize water- fowl depredation on agriculture. To accomplish the first purpose it will be necessary to bring under control of the Division of Fish and Game, by purchase, lease, or otherwise, large tracts of strategically located, suitable land, and to so administer these areas that the greatest possible number of hunters may be accom- modated with reasonably good shooting. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 17 The second objective can be secured by: (a) Pl■o^dding on the shooting- grounds food and liabitat tliat will successfully compete witli the surrounding agricultural lands, (b) Maintaining, through hunti)ig, a waterfowl population level connueiisurate with tlie available food and habitat. Methods Methods of land acquisition do not require discussion here. Plans for operation and administration of public shooting areas must be carefull.y considered. There is little practical experience from which to draw^ information. Public shooting grounds operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service are, in the main, not comparable to conditions that must be met in the Sacramento-San Joacpiin Valleys. Large com- mercial clubs furnish the most comparable conditions, but since their objectives are confined to furnishing reasonably good shooting and mak- ing a profit, much of iheir methods are not applicable. Subsequent to acquisition of suitable lands the operations to be considered are: (1) Engineering development; (2) Food crop plan- ning, planting, and management ; (3) Administration of the hunting. Engineering Development A reasonabh" detailed topographic survey is the first requirement. From this data the plan of ditches, dams, and other water control struc- tures can be formulated. In the completed development, water area should approximate one-third of the total. Under California conditions it is doubtful that all water areas can be maintained continuously. However, as much water area as possible should be maintained at constant level in order to promote aquatic vege- tation and minimize the possibilitj' of botulism epidemics. Water distribution and control structures should be simple to operate and of durable construction. In times of water shortage it should be possible to drain higher ponds, successively into lower ones, in order to retain optiumum conditions in at least the loM^est structures. Engineering and development costs will vary with the terrain and it will not be possible to obtain the optimum balance of one-third water, two-thirds land for reasonable cost at all points. On the most suitable terrain these costs should not exceed $10 per acre, but over all it will be safer to allot a cost of $15 per acre for this purpose. Water Supply and Cost Adequate water supply is the primary necessity for waterfowl developments. In certain localities water rights appurtenant to the lands or agricultural drainage waters may provide this necessity at little or no expense. In considering the over-all plan, it will be more practical to assume that all water must be purchased at prevailing agricultural rates. Kice growers commonly obtain water for $1.25 per acre-foot, and this figure is here accepted as the probable average cost for the entire project. It is estimated that in order to provide irrigation, to offset evaporation, seepage, transpiration, and other losses, enough water should be provided to cover the entire area three feet deep each j^ear. Since only one-third of the entire area is to be submerged, this three feet over-all would provide nine feet per year for the pond area. This amount 2 — 52283 18 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION sliould be adequate to offset losses from the submerged area and to provide croi3 irrigation on the rest. The water cost would thus be $3.75 per acre per year for the entire area. This is believed to approximate the maximum cost for gravity water. If it is necessary to resort to pumping of subsurface water, this figure will probably be exceeded. Crops In order to relieve crop depredation during the .entire time water- fowl are in the State in numbers, and to hold them on the shooting grounds during the hunting season, it will be necessary to grow as much food as possible on these areas. Artificial feeding is barred by Federal regula- tion on the shooting grounds. Suitable food crops include rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, millets, watergrass, nonsaccharine sorghums, corn alfalfa, clovers, and aquatic plants. Numerous rice growers have expressed doubt of the ability of any other grain crop to compete with rice as a waterfowl attractant. This remains to be proven. The high cost of producing a rice crop argues against its use on public shooting grounds, unless other and cheaper crops fail to produce the desired result. It is believed that the common small grains, particularly wheat and barley, properly handled, will serve the desired purpose adequately. The millets (watergrass) are very attractive to waterfowl and are commonly used by blackbirds. The small growing, nonsaccharine sorghums, such as doubledwarf milo, are readily taken by waterfowl, are economical to produce, and should be used, especially where late planting is necessary. Along the Mississippi flyway field corn constitutes one of the impor- tant waterfowl foods. It should be experimented with here in suitable locations. In certain locations on the areas under consideration it is reported that "goose-grazing" effectively prevents the production of small grains. In such locations alfalfa, Ladino clover, or perennial burnet should pro- vide a solution to the food problem. Aquatic plants provide a considerable part of the food of many waterfowl species. Much remains to be learned regarding the successful management of aquatics under California conditions. Most of the native varieties will appear naturally if water conditions are favorable. In new water areas artificial planting will probably be justified. Fertiliza- tion of pond waters is a new development and should be studied in this connection. Exotic aquatic species should be tried on an experimental basis. To date, the most favored eastern species, wild rice and "wild celery, " have not proved successful in this State. Cropping Methods and Costs Three means of producing crops on the state-owned lands have been suggested: (1) Share-cropping; (2) Contract planting; (3) Use of State personnel and equipment. Share-cropping in this case does not appear to be a practical solu- tion since the primary object in producing the crop is to feed waterfowl, not humans or domestic stock. It would defeat the purpose of the proj- ect to drive waterfowl away from the crop. The landowner's share is commonlv only one-third. THIRTY-EIGTITH BIENNIAL REPORT 19 Crop planting by contractors affords argunients botli pro and con. Utilization of this nietliod will relieve the State of the necessity of purchasing and maintaining large (jnantities of far)u machinery. Labor personnel problems will be sim])iified. Seed furnished by the contractor will eliminate a ])iir('hase problem. On the other hand, the contractor will expect to make a profit on the operation, thus increasing cost. The sIoav, cumbersome process of awarding State contracts and delay in payments wall deter many bidders. Those best fitted to do the Avork, the local agriculturalists, will do their ow^i planting at the most advantageous time and plant State crops either early or late. Crop production Math State personnel and equipment should be tried on a small scale and expanded if results are satisfactory. Some suitable equipment must be owned by the project for maintenance aad its utilization in crop production will be economical. Crop Production Costs Small grains are expected to form the backbone of the project program. Seed bed preparation, seed, and seeding should not exceed $5.25 per acre under any foreseeable circumstances, and under normal conditions should be less. Itemization follows : Plowing $2.00 per acre Discing .-"iO per acre Drilling .50 per acre Seed 2.25 per acre (90 S at $2.50 ewt.) Total $5.25 It is estimated that not over 50 per cent of the entire area will be planted in any one season, the remainder being 33^ per cent water, 16f per cent waste and grassland. Thus, an average cost of $2,625 per acre is assignable for the entire tract. Utilization of Crops — Grazing A large part of the lands proposed for acquisition are essentially pasture land at present. Minor portions are cropped to barley, rice, milo, and beans. Under management as public shooting grounds the most practical economic agricultural by-product of these lands will be pasturage. The cash return from this source under present usage averages $3.50 per acre annually. Under game management the graz- ing intensity and season will be restricted, but the quality and quantity of forage will be increased. Allowable grazing should bring a minimum cash return of $2 per acre per year. In normal years a short period of spring grazing (when land is dry enough) can be permitted. This procedure is generally bene- ficial to grain crops. As soon as grain is matured, pasturage wnll again be permissible. It has been found in similar operations at Honey Lake (Lassen County) that grazing cattle on matured grain serves to shatter a large part of the grain onto the ground where it becomes available to waterfowl and pheasants. If grazing is not practiced, it is neces sary to drag dowai the standing stalks or to flood the land to make the grain available to waterfowl. 20 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION Pasture cattle should be removed before the shooting season unless owners sign Avaivers for damage and loss. Pasturage by sheep should not be allowed in most cases. Their use may be permissible under special conditions as where it is desir- able to remove weed growth. Payments to Counties in Lieu of Taxes It is anticipated that strong objection to State acquisition of large tracts of lands will arise unless some means is devised to compensate the respective counties for loss of tax revenue. Legislative action will be required before this is possible. Such payment should be limited to the amount of taxes levied at the time of acquisition. The type of lands being considered are largely marginal so far as agri- culture is concerned. On the basis of current land values and tax rates, the charge for this item should not exceed 50 cents per acre annually. Hunting Management This will unquestionably be the most difficult phase of the entire program. The term ''public shooting ground" will convey to many the idea of free and unrestricted use by any or all individuals. This will not be possible. All applicants can not be accommodated at any one time. Some system of accepting and acknowledging applications must be devised. Priority of requests appear to be the only fair basis of assigning hunting privilege. To produce a workable system ' will require much thought, effort, and experience. Cost of permits must be kept substantially lower than charges by commercial clubs if the plan is to benefit the hunting public. Charges for the first season must be estimated as closely as possible ; thereafter charges should be modified annually in conformity with the previous year's actual costs. What expense shall be considered in determining permit charges? If initial cost of the land is met from accumulated license fees, paid in part for this specific purpose, then no attempt to recover cost of the land through permit fees is justifiable. Development, maintenance, and operating costs can and should be met by permit fees. Development costs should be amortized over a considerable period of years, not less than 10, and preferably 20. Over a 20-year period the permit fee attributable to this source would be 75 cents per acre per year. Other costs to be added to the permit fee are outlined and summarized below. It is believed that a minimum of 20 acres should be allotted to each double blind, or 10 acres per permittee. In addition, one-third of the entire area should be closed to shooting each season to provide unmo- lested feeding and loafing space. This will avoid driving the birds from the tract when the season opens. Thus 15 acres becomes the actual minimum for each hunter and is the unit on which the fee per shooter day must be calculated. If salaries of employed personnel are to be charged to the hunter, they can be estimated as follows : Two permanent employees for each 5,000 acres $4,800 per year Extra seasonal labor for each 5,000 acres 2,700 per year Total $7,500 per year THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 21 This amounts to a charge of $1.50 per acre yearly. Maintenance costs (structural repairs, weed control, etc.) should not exceed $1.50 per acre. Summarization of Annual Costs Cost Cost for Item per acre I'y-nrre Unit Development (20-.vear amortization) "_ $.75 $11.25 Planting (one-half of entire area) 2.6S . 39.45 Pei'sonnel cost 1.50 22.50 Water 3.75 56.25 Payment in lieu of taxes .50 7.50 Maintenance 1 1.50 22.50 Total yearly cost $10.63 $1.59.45 Less income (pasturage) . 2.00 30.00 Net annual cost ,$8.63 $129.45 Under the present season there is an average of 35 shooting days per year (three per week plus opening, closing, and holidays). The cost per man per daj^ thus becomes $3.70 ($129.45 -^35 permits). It is reasonable to assume that a small percentage of hunters will not take up their reservations. If this is assumed to be one in seven, the charge becomes $4.32 for each permit ($129.45 ^30). It has been suggested that the guide plan used by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service on their large public shooting ground in the Dakotas be followed. Here, we understand, a guide is required for each double blind, the occupants furnishing his wages of $7 per day as part of their permit fees. It is believed that conditions in Dakota are quite different from those that would prevail on California shooting grounds. Travel to and from blinds is probably by boat, making it practical for a guide to serve only one blind. If the guide system is adopted in this State, it may be practical for a guide to serve as many as four blinds, thus reducing the guide cost per shooter to $1 per day, wage being assumed to be $8 per day. Pheasant Shooting Under the management plans outlined above, a heavy pheasant population may be expected to develop on the shooting grounds intended primarily for waterfowl. The pheasant hunting season' comes within the waterfowl season, but if pheasant hunters were allowed to operate at the time waterfowl blinds are occupied, water- fowl shooting would be spoiled. It is suggested, therefore, that all pheasant hunting on these lands be limited to regular waterfowl shooting days, that the one permit fee pay for both types of hunting, and that pheasant hunting be limited to the period between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. ; before and after these hours all hunting to be restricted to occupants of blinds. DEER, ELK AND ANTELOPE Kegulations i)ronmlgated by the Fish aiul Game Commission at the request of the "War Department restricted the deer season in 1942 to 21 days in the counties on the coast from Santa Cruz to Mendocino, inclusive, and prohibited the hunting of deer in Southern California, including San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. In the Sierra 22 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION region hunting was prohibited below Ponderosa Way, approximately 2,500 feet elevation. This prohibition reduced the kill to 25,902 as against 43,493 for the year previous. In 1943 deer hunting was pro- hibited by the AA^ar Department in the coast counties and in Southern California. The take in the counties opening September 16th totaled 21,882. In view of the fact that there had been no open season in Southern California for two years, the commission declared an open season in the southern counties and in Monterey, San Benito, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and the western portion of Santa Clara, Merced and Fresno Counties, from December 11th to December 31st. Three thousand three hundred twelve deer were taken during this season. Questionnaires were sent to nearly 3,000 successful hunters in which they were asked pertinent questions. Only in Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties were the hunters in favor of a winter season. Few hunters reported fat deer and the general opinion was that the animals were from 25 per cent to 30 per cent underweight. In many instances, antlers were loose and in some localities bucks had already dropped their antlers. Those that favored a winter season did so on account of the cooler weather and less fire hazard. Those against, on account of the condition of the animals. Acting under the authority of Section 39.1 of the Fish and Game Code, the commission in 1943 had an open season on elk in the Owens Valley. Hunting was permitted from December 4th to 11th. Seventy- five permits issued allowing the taking of one bull each. Forty-three animals were taken. The largest with the viscera removed weighed 490 lbs. Following are the measurements : Antlers, right 38.5" ; left 36"; spread 43"; tip to tip 40.12"; base, right 9.12"; left 9.6" ; number of points, right 6 ; left 6. In 1943 the commission again opened the season on antelope, fixing the dates September 8th to 20th, inclusive. The same procedure in issuing permits was followed as had been used in the 1942 season. Five hundred permits were issued. Eighty-seven per cent of those who hunted were successful and took 362 antelope. The antelope census was carried on by airplane as in the past with a favorable increase in numbers being indicated. In 1943 the count was 5,338 and in 1944, 6,147. The 1942 count was 3,752. These counts were made in Lassen, Modoc and Siskiyou Counties on the known winter ranges. One band of 171 was found in Shasta County near Fall Eiver Mills, in 1944. Study of parasites and diseases of game has been continued by Dr. Carlton M. Herman. His report follows. PARASITES AND DISEASES During the period covered by this report there have been many cases of evidence of disease causing loss in deer ]iopulations, primarily' in the coastal counties and particularly in Alendocino and Sonoma Counties, although the same condition occurs more or less from the southern part of the State to Humboldt Count}^ as well as in Lake and Trinity Counties. Examination of a number of animals seems to point to the round- worm infections of the upper digestive tract as the most frequently occurring disease condition, and to such an extent that much of the losses could be attributed to this infection. A number of species of round- THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 23 worms occur, all causing the same general pathology and all having similar direct life cycles. Most of them are common parasites of sheep and cattle and were undoubtedly introduced into this country with the domestic flocks and herds. The extreme irritation to the intestinal tract usually causes a diar- rhetic condition referred to as scours. It is usually more evident in the younger animals. The developing eggs of the worms jiass ont of the intestinal tract with the deer's droppings and the larval worms hatch out in the soil. After a period of development they become ripe for infection and migrate up moist blades of grass. Deer (or cattle and sheep) become infected when they eat such contaminated grass. Mam' factors are involved in the ultimate condition of deer as a result of these parasites. Some of these are temperature, moisture, the extent of use of the pasture by infected deer or livestock, and the amount of grazing done by the deer on such infected areas. In point of sequence this last factor seems to be the most important in the health of the deer population. Where these infections are the only ones involved in reduc- tions of deer, a direct proportion can be hypothesized between the amount of grazing and the extent of the losses. The more browse available, the less infection with these worms. It is mainly in areas Avliere deer would be most likely to live chiefly on a grass diet that this condition becomes severe. In areas where it has not been observed, or where the severity was of little significance, the stomach contents of the deer examined showed a predominance of browse. In March, 1944, in collaboration with the U. S. Park Service and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, an investigation was made of deer con- ditions in the Sequoia National Park. Here, again, these intestinal worms were found to be of much importance. In this area, too, deer are suffering from intensive eyeworm infections. All deer infected with these small worms in the eye at Sequoia have upwards of 30 worms per eye, whereas when we have observed the same infection in deer in other parts of the State, very few worms have been present. Our program on the occurrence of blood parasites of quail has been continued, although reduction of field personnel has greatly reduced the number of samples. AVith the cooperation of the Associated Sportsmen of California and other hunters, we have obtained many samples of blood and hearts in an effort to determine the distribution of these diseases. This program shall be continued and expanded. As a result of our studies on quail we have uncovered at least three important parasites new to science. As a part of this program we are studying the parasites of other species of birds to determine what diseases are common to all birds as well as those that occur only in our game species. Two winter outbreaks of botulism were observed in ducks and coots : (1) Gridley, with varying intensity during winter 1943-44; (2) Mt. Eden, January, 1944. Preliminary investigations were nuide on the source of so-called "iodine" ducks in the lower San Fraiu-isco Bay area dnring the 1943 duck season and plans have been formulated to make an intensive investi- gation of this condition during the 1944 season. Numerous other parasites and diseases were diagnosed in the Avild- life of the State and investigations on the epidemiology of mam- of the 24 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION parasites are in progress. A total of 614 birds and 149 mammals were autopsied. The following papers were published : 1942 1943 Reducing Coccidiosis in California Quail During Captivity. California Fish and Game 28 :148-149. The Protozoan Blood Parasite Ilaemoproteus lophortyx O'Roke in Quail at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, California. California Fish and Game 28 : 150-153. Coccidiosis in California Quail. Condor 44 :168-171. The Occurrence of Blood Parasites in Birds From Southwestern United States. Jour. Parasitology 29 : 187-196. Food Habits and Intensity of Coccidian Infection in Native Valley Quail in California. Jour. Parasitology 29 :206-208. Fungus Disease in a Glaucous-winged Gull. Condor 45 :160-161. A parasite in the muscles of ducks in California. California Fish and Game 29 :148-149. Epidemiological Studies on Coccidiosis of California Quail. I. Occurrence of Eimeria in Wild Quail. California Fish and Game 29 :168-179. An Outbreak of Mycotic Pneumonia in Mallards. California Fish and Game 29 :204. Parasites of Cottontail Rabbits on the San Joaquin Experimental Range, Cali- fornia. Journal Wildlife Management 7 :.395-400. Giardia in the Blood of a Kangaroo Rat. Journal Parasitology 29 :423. 1944 Eyeworm (Thelazia californiensis) Infection in Deer in California. California >ish and Game 30 :58-60. A parasite from antelope in California. Transactions American Microscopical Society 63 :27-29. Notes on the pupal development of l^tilhometopa impressa (Diptera Hippobo- scidae). Journal Parasitology 30:112-118. Preliminary arrangements have been made to obtain more adequate quarters to house the laboratory on the Berkeley Campus of the Univer- sity of California. The achievement of this move will also afford better library facilities and cooperation wdth various specialists on the Uni- versity facultv. PITTM AN -ROBERTSON As a direct result of the war the appropriations made by Congress under the Pittman-Robertson x\ct were considerably reduced during the biennium. This action on the part of Congress generally met with the • approval of the States who w^ere fearful that the manpower shortage, the lack of essential materials, and soaring land prices would make it impos- sible to spend normal appropriations. As it was, California received allotments totaling $91,717.86, which brought the total of Pittman-Robertson money allotted to California --, since the inception of the program to $398,233.28. Since, according to 'j\ the terms of the act, a participating State must contribute an amount -^ equal to one-third of the Federal apportionment, the amount that has actually been made available for wikllife restoration in California is now more than one-half million dollars. Of this sum, $457,570.72 had been obligated at the close of the biennium. Seventeen projects have ])een undertaken up to tlie present time. Eleven of these were begun during the 1940-42 biennium; six were com- pleted during that period, and five were continued after July 1, 1942. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 25 P"'oiir new projects were begun during 1942-44, bringing to nine the total number of projects on which work was done during the period covered by this report. Three of these projects came under the heading of surveys and investigations, foui- were development projects, and two involved the acquisition of lands. Following is an account of the wildlife restoration work accom- plished under each of the three project categories. Surveys and Investigations A five-3'ear study of California's fur resources. Project 5-R, first undertaken early in the spring of 1941, was continued through this biennium. Particular emphasis was placed on the accumulation and analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data pertaining to Califor- nia's annual fur crop. Although the shortage of manpower necessitated the discontinuance of intensive studies of the biology and management requirements of all of the various kinds of fur bearers in the State, it was possible to give some attention to two of the most important species, the beaver and the muskrat. The experimental planting of beaver has been generally so successful that plans are being made for an intensive beaver management program in the immediate future. The investigation of methods that can be used in connection with valley quail management, Project 6-R, is another five-year study that was continued during the biennium. The general surve}^ of the stud}" area, California 's south coast counties, was concluded early in this investi- gation and during the past two years emphasis was placed on the appli- cation of specific management tools such as watCr development, predator control, artificial feeding, and tlie like. The results of some of these studies have already been published and at the close of the biennium the manuscript of a well illustrated handbook entitled "How to Increase Valley Quail in California" was nearing completion. This promises to be an important confTibution to game management literature. Arguments, pro and con, over a winter deer season in the south coast and southern regions of the State in 1943 and minor though none- theless heated contentions over the proper season for taking antelope have emphasized the lack of technical knowledge of the condition of the meat of big game at various times of the year. As a result, a scientific study of deer and antelope meat, Project 15-R, was begun early in 1944. So far, the investigation has been confined to deer from the north coast, Marin County, and the south coast, Ventura and Santa Barbara Coun- ties. The study is being conducted in cooperation with the Department of Home Economics of the University of California. The university is responsible for the analyses of the meat samples and the division for the collection of specimens and recording of field data. Samples of the stomach contents of all deer taken are being analyzed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Development Projects The restoration of sagehen habitat in Lassen and Modoc Counties through the development of spi-ings and the creation of fenced meadows. Project 3-D, was begini in 3940 and Avas terminated dui-ing the fall of 1942. Nineteen units were completed, some of them in cooperation witli the Division of Grazing, the A. A. A., or private landowners who con- tributed money, labor, or materials. 26 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Project 7-D, providing for resurveying and iDOsting the boundaries of legislative game refuges, operated for almost a year before the shortage of personnel occasioned by the war made it necessary to suspend opera- tions for the duration. The construction of new levees and the improvement of old, together with the installation of spillwaj^s and gates on the Gray Lodge Waterfowl Refuge near Gridley w^as made possible by the approval of Project 13-D. Two hundred twelve thousand, four hundred and ninety cubic yards of earth were placed on 12^ miles of levee. Over 1,000 feet of concrete cul- vert of varying diameters, 18-inch to 36-inch, w^ere placed and 135.43 cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of headwalls. The construction of a drift fence approximately five miles long on the western boundary of the Tehama Deer Winter Range, Project 14-D, was begun in the spring of 1944 and was still under way at the close of the biennium. The purpose of the fence is to control trespass by domestic livestock. Land Acquisition Projects Both Project 10-L, Tehama Deer Winter Range, and Project 11-L, Honey Lake Valley Waterfowl Management Area, were continued through the biennium. Twelve hundred acres w^ere added to the Tehama Range and three parcels of land totaling 1,447 acres have been added to the Honey Lake area. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 27 BUREAU OF GAME FARMS By August Bade, Chief There are two very good reasons for the decline of 12 per cent in production and distribution of game birds for the biennium. (1) Labor was not only scarce, but the quality of what was available was far below the level of ordinary years. In order to carry on in a comparable way to former seasons, women and high school students were employed as well as men well along in years. (2) Early in 1942 it became apparent that the supply of protein would be cut about 50 per cent and that meant that all poultry and stock feeds would be affected. Since game birds are insect eaters their food, under domestic handling, must contain a high per cent of pro- tein. With the lowering of the protein content of all commercial feeds, plus the inexperience of available help, the problem of producing game birds became involved. USE OF MODERN EQUIPMENT The introduction of more modern equipment such as the battery brooder went a long way in compensating for the food and labor situa- tion. For the past two years we had been working with the battery brooder in an effort to utilize this type of equipment in the produc- tion of game birds. The conditions imposed by the war, labor and food, helped to make the development of the battery brooder an actuality in the rearing of all upland game birds. Not only does the battery brooder multiply labor, but it increases both production and the quality of the birds. And the use of the battery does not mean that we are discarding the former radiant type brooder that has been developed here in California and is now used by many States, but it does mean that the battery supplements the work of the older brooder and makes it even more efficient. With the introduction of the battery brooder all radiant type brooders now in use will be kept and their work merely increased and improved. THE REARING PEN PROGRAM Even under war conditions the rearing pen program continues to meet with general approval and, while a few units quit for the duration other new units of pens were built and operated. At the beginning of the biennium we were serving 129 units and at the close that number had increased to 140. These cooperative efforts tend' to increase interest in community affairs and lessen game law violations. The rearing pen program is educational as well as pro- ductive. A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR GAME BREEDERS The two-year course in game management at Humboldt State College, Areata, continues, but the armed services requirements of 28 ' FISH AND GAME COMMISSION manpower has reduced the number of students who are able to take advantage of this course. As a substitute classes have been organized at the Yountville farm for the training of new employees as well as the older men who are left on the job. Classwork at the Yountville farm includes lectures supplemented by moving pictures and general discussion. These classes are held at night and are available to all employees and others interested in con- servation. GAME MANAGEMENT AREA PROGRAM With four years of experience behind us the game management program continues for the man who can afford a longer shooting season and is willing to pay for the privilege. The commercial game breeder has been provided with a market for his product at a price that shows him a profit. Field trials are now held on these areas where actual hunting conditions may be emulated for all types of hunting dogs. During the four years that game management has been practiced a total of 27,547 game birds have been released (and all these birds came from commercial breeders), while only 12,980 birds have been retaken, or less than 50 per cent. Game management has given to the unattached sportsman 14,567 birds that did not cost him a single penny. A check on territories adjacent to game managed areas shows a decided increase in game birds. In some instances banded birds that were released on game managed areas have been taken by hunters during the regular shooting season as far as 18 miles from the point of release. FIELD DOG TRIALS The sport of field trials has to some extent suffered by war restrictions and the number of trials held during a normal year has decreased, but in many cases clubs have functioned regardless of these handicaps. Some clubs have built their own pens for the rear- ing of birds for field trials. This is a good indication of the growth of this sport in California. There is also a decided increase in the use of hunting dogs, which is a real conservation measure. QUAIL TRAPPING PROGRAM As far as manpower and equipment is available the quail trapping program goes ahead and in another year or so we will know more about this sort of work and its place in the general scheme of more upland game. THE GENERAL PHEASANT SITUATION The 1943 season brought complaints from many hunters that pheasants were not as numerous as in previous years. Various reasons were advanced for this condition, especially in the Sacramento Valley areas. Some thought it was due to a poor hatching season. Others were sure it came about because too many male birds were taken. A few were of the opinion that the opening of the quail season in advance of the regular pheasant season had resulted in much illegal shooting. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 29 During the spring and early part of lO-A-t regular cheeks liave been made all over the Sacramento Valley and other areas where there have been a concentration of hunters the year hd'oi-e and there is a very definite decline in 1li<' nninbcr of l)irds. I'hcii.sdiils Pdrtridfjes Quail Turlcayx Birds distril.iil.'d !)4,064 21,792 5,680 :J11 Birds luitclHMl 100,306 25,500 7,503 637 Ejfss laid 159,55S 33,378 15,502 1,461 P]8-s set 131,702 32.123 lO.lMtO 1,305 Eggs distributed 3,144 155 1.103 30 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION BUREAU OF PATROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT By L. V. Chappell, Chief The operations of the Bureau of Patrol during the past biennium were greatly curtailed due to the loss of manpower, rationing of gasoline and rubber incident to the war activities. This was to be expected. No replacement of mobile equipment was possible and no new tires have been available for our use since 1941. This has necessitated very careful handling of equipment and a great deal of credit is due to the personnel of the bureau in carrying ou the work as well as they have under these circumstances. In addition to the wardens and assistant wardens which were on military leave and which were reported in the last biennium, the follow- ing employees in the bureau have taken military leave of absence during this biennium : Wardens Don Davisoii 5/ 4/44 Don Chipman 5/26/44 Harold Erwick 11/ 4/43 Owen Mello 9/14/44 H. S. Vary 5/17/43 Walter Greenwald 4/20/43 Larry Werder 3/ 4/43 Jay Cox 3/14/43 George Shockley 3/ 8/43 John Spicer 2/24/43 W. S. Talbott 1/29/43 A. L. Stager 1/ 1/43 John Hurley 12/ 7/42 Karl Lund 12/10/42 Walter Shannon 12/15/42 Leo Rossier 12/14/42 George Seymour 11/ 4/42 AVilliam La Marr 10/ 2/42 Chester Ramsey 10/20/42 John Barry 10/28/42 Carmi Savage 9/ 5/42 Garrie Heryford 9/28/42 Charles Towers 8/18/42 N. J. Millen 8/28/42 Howard Shebley 7/ 6/42 Captains L.J. Weseth 9/ 2/43 Ralph Classic 7/30/43 Assistant Wardens R. J. O'Brien 5/ 3/44 Robert Fraser 4/20/44 Frank Burns 4/11/44 Will Payne 3/31/44 Frank Felton 3/ 4/43 Glen Whitesell 10/30/42 Robert Hart 10/19/42 James Wade 9/12/42 Bolton Hall ^ 9/30/42 Robert Kaneen 7/21/42 C. E. Whaley 7/17/42 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 31 Deckhaii(Ls Robert McDonald 3/ 9/43 Walter Sorimsher 11/ 1/42 Harry Peters ' 8/ 3/42 Diesel Engineman Ralph Dale 10/20/42 Stenog ru pher / Clerh Ruth Smith 11/ 8/43 In addition to the above persons, the following members of the service resigned to enter other lines of work : Resignations Wardens Ed Clements •_ 1/25/44 E. L. Walker 3/14/44 R. J. Bullard 11/15/43 L. G. Van Vorhis 10/18/43 Kenneth Langford 4/29/43 Chester Parker 3/27/43 George Johnson 7/ 7/42 R. W. Remley 7/ 5/42 Assistant Wardens Allen Swenson 8/ 2/42 Deckhand M. G. Stewart 9/29/43 Eay 0 'Connor was placed on disability retirement in August of 1943 after 33 years of service with the division and E. A. Chan, former warden and later information clerk, went on disability retirement August 17, 1942 and passed away in April 1943. Our ranks were further reduced by the deaths of the following wardens which occurred during the biennium : Deaths Alvin Granstrom 7/21/43 Charles Love 8/11/43 C. L. Buudock 6/ 5/43 A. R. Ainsworth 8/ 8/42 The patrol boat ' ' Sturgeon ' ' based at Monterey, and the patrol boats "Perch" and "Quinnatt III" based in the San Francisco Bay District were requisitioned by the United States Coast Guard in September, 1942. This equipment was sold outright to the War Shipping Administration after rather lengthy negotiations. The patrol boats ^' Tuna," "Yellowtail" and "Broadbill" were chartered to the Coast Guard in August of 1942. Under the terms of this charter, we expect this equipment to be returned. The only remaining patrol boat, the "Bonito" is operating in south- ern California waters. To supplement the marine patrol in the bay area a 19-foot open launch was purchased in February of 1943, this boat being of shallow draft, makes it possible to cover more of the restricted waters in the bay area. 32 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION With the completion of the Shasta Dam and the storage of water at that point, it became evident that some method of patrol on this lake would be necessary as it opened up a great virgin country which here- tofore had been inaccessible as there were very few trails and no roads leading into it. Accordingly the commission approved the purchase of a small launch for use on this reservoir. The purchase was completed in June of 1944. A boat has been chartered for patrol work in Monterey Bay after it became evident that a more intensive coverage of these waters would be necessary. Airplanes were used to some extent in northern California where military restrictions did not prevent their operation. During the hunt- ing seasons for antelope and deer in Modoc and Lassen Counties, planes were used to a great extent and with very satisfactory results. This equipment will be a necessary and important part of the patrol activity after the war. A summary and recapitulation of arrests and convictions will be found in the appendix on page 75. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 33 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES By Richard Van Cleve, Chief Total landings of Hsh, in pounds, for the State of California for the years 1942 and 1943 are shown in Table I, with the production of canned fish, fish meal and fish oil. TABLE I 19.',2 19/,3 Total Total landings, pounds ^1 1,171,514,793 1,229,754,615 2,401,269,408 Cases of canned fish 6,941,643 6,698,134 13,639,777 Tons of fish meal produced 79,003 86,151 165,154 Gallons of fish oil produced 12,686,640 14,016,179 26,702,819 Value of canned and processed fishery products $67,432,689 $70,496,100 $137,928,789 The total landings in these two years M'ere 416,172,000 pounds behind the landings in the previous biennium, but the total value of the fishery products produced was the highest ever recorded for this State. Short- age of labor resulted in a decrease of 29 per cent in the production of canned fish. The value of the principal species of fish to the fishermen in the two years is shown in Table II. TABLE II Pounds and Value of Commercial Fish Landings in California — 1942-43 1942'^ 1943 Species Pounds Value Pounds Value Sardine 969,747,099 $10,369,736 972,249,015 $10,781,440 Yellowtin tuna 41,466,614 3,823,857 49,261,328 4,880,540 Skipjack 38,735,228 3,334,608 28,893,784 2,582,850 Albacore 11,091,699 2,107,209 21,384,864 3,477,417 Bluefin tuna 12,844,564 1,158,514 10,178,768 967,562 Shark 3,468,290 1,150,497 3,729,246 1,933,173 Pacific mackerel 52,553,663 954,643 75,262,739 1,492,918 Salmon 6,616,216 827,403 6,581,076 1,227,624 Barracuda 3,454,537 332,757 3,775,278 656,372 Crab 2,414,086 282,778 2,315,338 353,287 Sole 3,155,757 228,635 4,782,379 265,203 Yellowtail 2,726,269 192,631 4,934,879 368,724 Spiny lobster 856,300 150,037 985,525 256,153 Sablefish 1.972,270 129,974 3,206,074 267,671 Bonita tuna 1,650,689 126,732 2,282,299 181,354 Rockfish 1,423,290 104,172 2,762,192 185,541 California halibut 756,065 102,422 1,121,673 238,670 Horse mackerel 5,348,501 101,606 12,698,974 235,878 Broadbill swordfish 445,908 94,217 336,386 102,430 Shad 2,571,033 84,459 2,348,143 114,648 White sea bass 553,726 78,995 500,183 122,797 Black sea bass 378,780 46,808 700,855 157,298 All others 8,291,042 427,356 19,489,950 1,101,219 Totals 1,172,522,226 $26,210,046 1,229,780,948 $31,950,769 * Landings for 1942 include shipments to canneries from other States and foreign countries to the value of $106,778. 3—52283 34 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION The catch of fish sold in the fresh state was 30,092,000 pounds in 1942, and 37,683,000 pounds in 1943. The increase in 1943 occurred among a number of species, and probably reflects the adjustment of the industry to war conditions. Some of the fishing grounds which were closed in 1942 for defense purposes have again been opened. War emergency restrictions on the movements of boats into and out of ports have been somewhat relaxed, and readjustments in price ceilings have encouraged fishermen to again seek species which were formerly priced so low that it was unprofitable to bring them to port. One of the most interesting developments of the biennium was the heavy catch of albacore during 1943. The catch of this species for this year was the highest recorded since 1925. The albacore fishery developed gradually after the last World War, along the California coast until in 1925 a catch of 22,206,923 pounds was landed. In 1926 the albacore catch fell to 2,469,385 pounds and did not again reach the 1925 figure until 1943. The catch in California is, now, only a part of the total present production of albacore on the coast, since a considerable fishery has developed off the coasts of Oregon and Washington in the last ten years. COMMERCIAL FISHING LICENSES The record of licensed commercial fishermen in California for the biennium, is shown in Table III. TABLE III Licensed Commercial Fishermen 19Jf2-l,3 19>,3-U licensed licensed Nativity fishermen fishermen United States 5,346 7,893 Italy 1,197 1,374 Jugoslavia 940 909 Norway 461 360 Portugal -_ 328 341 Great Britain 187 239 Sweden 85 94 Mexico 68 62 Spain — 57 59 Denmark 45 61 Finland 45 56 Russia 45 64 Greece 44 51 Germany 34 5o Austria 29 France 21 23 Netherlands — 28 All others 111 134 Total - 9,043 11,803 It is of interest to note that while the number of fishermen dropped in the 1942-43 season, from the previous season, the number of commercial fishing licenses sold in the 1943-44 season was the largest ever recorded for this State. The decrease in 1942-43 was due in part to the loss of the Japanese fishermen who were barred from operations off the coast. These were only partially replaced by the other nationalities. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 35 Interest in the lucrative albacore and soupfin shark fisheries, which were successful in 1943, as well as high prices of all fish, encouraged large numbers of people to enter the industry. However, commercial licenses were also bought b}' some solely to (jualify for the Coast Guard passes required for movement of boats in ocean waters. An unknown number of licenses must be classified as temporary, and do not represent a perma- nent increase in the number of commercial fishermen in the State. Some idea of the distribution of the increase within the State may be obtained from Table IV which shows the number of commercial fishermen registering as residents of the different ports. TABLE IV Region of Residence 1942-43 1943-44 Eureka - 213 315 Sacramento 367 442 San Francisco 927 1,347 Monterey 994 968 Santa Barbara 306 276 Los Angeles 4,379 6,536 San Diego 1,391 1,552 Alaska, Washington, and Oregon 466 354 Mexico 13 Total 9,043 11,803 SARDINES The catch of sardines is reported on a seasonal basis, the season in northern California extending from August 1st to February 15th, and that in southern California from October 1st to March 1st. The details of the production are given in the catch circulars which are reprinted in the appendix. The total production of sardines and sardine products is shown in Table V for the two seasons of the biennium. TABLE V Sardines (seasonal record) 1942-43 1943-44 Total tons landed 501,341 473,522 Tons received for canning 271,703 231,527 Total cases of all size cans packed 3,743,373 3,160,701 Number of reduction permits issued 76 75 Permit tonnage granted 378,634 370,272 Number of tons used under permit 229,334 241,733 Tons of sardine meal produced 76,983 73,512 Gallons of sardine oil produced 13,148,783 13,783,011 A further increase in the number of reduction permits over the previous biennium is noted. Furthermore, a decrease in the total case pack from the record established in the 1941-42 season also occurred. The catch in both years was below that of 1941-42. During the 1941-42 season, an overall average of 9.2 cases of sardines were packed for every ton of sardines landed. In the 1942-43 season this case pack had fallen to 7.5 per ton ; and decreased still further in 1943-44 to 6.7 cases per ton. While the decrease in catch of the last year of the biennium amounted to 5.5 per cent over the first year of the biennium, only 49 per cent of the last year 's catch was received for canning, whereas 54 per cent of the first year 's catch was received for this purpose. The decrease in pack was due not only to the decrease in catch. There is no doubt that the high prices 36 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION of meal and oil, as well as the shortage of cannery labor, also contributed to the diversion of a greater proportion of the fish into the reduction plants. Allocation The decrease in the canned pack of the last year of the biennium occurred in spite of the complete regulation of the fishing and utilization of sardines by the Federal Government under the so-called "allocation orders. ' ' After the beginning of hostilities, and with the beginning of the 1942-43 season, it was apparent that some outside agency would have to enter the sardine picture in order to prevent a major loss in production. The sardine fishing fleet had been reduced in size by the loss of large numbers of the sardine boats to the Army and the Navy. Those plants owning boats naturally desiring to ensure their own catch prevented the sale of the catch of their boats to other plants and in other ports. As a result some plants at times had an excess of fish, most of which was diverted to reduction while other canners were unable to obtain enough fish to operate their plants. During periods of heavy fishing the boat loads were limited by the plants to keep the landings within the owner's production capacity. An attempt was made by the California Division of Fish and Game to remedy this situation ; and the first order of the commission was issued on August 22, 1942, to prevent the loss of boat production by imposition of catch limits and to distribute the fishing fleet between the three Cali- fornia sardine ports in proportion to their plant capacities. Several months were required to solve the numerous problems involved in the inauguration of such a radical departure from normal fishing operations ; and the commission was unable to put allocation into operation before injunction proceedings, instituted by several sardine plant operators in the port of Monterey, forced the cessation of allocation activities. Allo- cation was then taken over by the War Production Board which had cooperated closely with the commission in its early attempts to organize the allocation program. The War Production Board carried through allocation to the end of the 1942-43 season. During the period between the end of that season and the beginning of the 1943-44 season, the office of the Coordinator of Fisheries was estab- lished in the Department of the Interior within the personnel of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This organization took over allocation at the beginning of the 1943-44 season. The imposition of limits on the boat catches was prohibited. Boats were licensed to fish in certain ports in an attempt to distribute an inadequate fleet equitably between the three fishing ports in California, to obtain the greatest possible production from them. Poor fishing experienced in the ports of Monterey and San Fran- cisco during the months of October, November, and December, however, made it impossible to maintain the distribution of boats on an equitable basis and the canned pack fell to the lowest figure reached in the last three years. Sardine Investigations Although sardine investigations have been curtailed due to lack of personnel, the essential phases are being continued. During each season the daily catch has been sampled so that there will be no break in the THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 37 continuity of studies of size changes of fish. The age analysis of the catch has been carried on througli a cooperative study with the U. S. Pish and Wildlife Service. No sardines were tagged during this biennium, but tags were recovered from former releases. In the 1942-43 season, 1,328 tags were recovered i)i the California fishery, and eight in the Pacific northwest. In 1943-44, fi48 tags were returned in California, and 52 in the Pacific northwest. These represent recoveries from groups released in previous years off the coast of Mexico, Southern California, Monterey and San Francisco. In addition, 78 recoveries were made in California of tags released off the mouth of the Columbia River by the Oregon P^ish Connnission, and three were taken which had been released by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada off the Washington coast. Analyses have been continued of the fisherman's catch per unit of effort expended. These studies, together with the age readings and length measurements, indicate that at present the sardine population is in a comparatively healthy condition due to good spawning survival in 1937 and 1939. These two year-cl-asses have been the main support of the fishery for the past three or four seasons. Annual meetings with representatives of fisheries departments of Canada, Washington, Oregon, California, and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been held to coordinate the sardine investigations of the fisheries staffs of Canada, and the Pacific Coast States. TUNA The landings in pounds of tuna at California ports for the years 1940 through 1943 are as follows : TABLE VI 1940 19',1 19J,2 19-',3 Albacore 3,885,000 2,747,000 10,621,000 21,.385,000 Bonito 5.291,000 10,177,000 1,051,000 2,282,000 Bluefin 19,970,000 9,519,000 12,845,000 10.179,000 Skipjack 56,650,000 25,-585,000 38,715.000 28.894,000 Yellowfin 113,760.000 76,702,000 41,167,000 49,261,000 Total 199,-556,000 124.7-30,000 104,999,000 112,001,000 MACKEREL The catch of mackerel in 1942 was 52,353,663 pounds. In 1943 it rose to 75,261,000 pounds. A shortage of fish in 1942 added to the diffi- culties of movement of the boats in and out of the harbors in Southern California, resulted in the lowest mackerel catch that has been recorded in 10 years. The canning season, which is determined only by the avail- ability of fish, began in September, 1942 ; and extended for that season only to March, 1943. The latter part of this season was characterized by the presence of large numbers of fish which Avere too small for the eanners to handle properly. In 1943-44 the return in large numbers of the 1942 yearlings resulted in a major increase in the catch. As two-year olds, these fish w^ere satisfactory for canning. The 1943-44 season started in August, and ended in February. 38 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Mackerel Investigations The loss of the staff working on Central Valleys and salmon investi- gations required another shift in the personnel. It has been necessary to suspend most of the mackerel investigations and to shift that personnel to the salmon work. Sampling of the mackerel catch has been maintained at San Pedro and at Newport. Mackerel tagging was greatly reduced. From November, 1942, to March, 1943, 2,474 fish were tagged at Catalina, 1,361 at Newport, and 2,536 in Santa Monica Bay. The numbers of mackerel tags recovered from different sections of the coast during the biennium are shown in the table below. TABLE VII 1942-43 1943-U Recovered Recovered Central Southern Central Southern Released Calif. Calif. Calif. Calif. Oregon — ■ — — 1 Central California * 5 23 — 5 Southern California t 10 399 29 237 Mexico I 3 75 5 28 Total 18 497 34 271 * Monterey to San Francisco t Santa Barbara to San Diego t West Coast Lower California CENTRAL VALLEYS AND SALMON INVESTIGATIONS Tagging Salmon tagging with numbered celluloid button tags fastened below the dorsal fin was started off the coast of California in 1939 and was carried through the fall of 1942. A total of 1,765 fish were tagged from chartered trolling boats in 3942. Sufficient personnel was not available to expand the effort required to obtain quantitatively significant returns. Only 143 tags were recovered in 1942, and 31 in 1943. Salmon have been retaken that have borne their tags for three years. Migrant Counts Counts of the adult salmon were made in 1942 on the following streams : Trinity Eiver at Hoopa, American River at Folsom Dam, as well as at a rack established near Sacramento, the Tuolumne River at Modesto, and on the Mokelumne River at "Woodbridge Dam. Estimates of numbers spawning in the San Joaquin River were made by surveys of the spawning areas below Friant Dam. The 1942 estimates and counts made on these rivers are as follows : Tuolumne River , 44,494 American River (Folsom) . 1.888 Mokelumne River (Woodbridge) 12,119 Trinity River l.i;;7 San Joaquin (approximate) 6,000 None of these counts except that on the Tuolumne are considered to be accurate. The count on the Trinity depended upon the installation of a weir by the Indians at the Hoopa Indian Reservation. The weir was not installed until late in the year ; and it washed out with the first large freshet. No estimate of the run that passed this point, either before or after the weir was in place, was obtained. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT ' ' 39 In 1943 no one was available to make a count on the Tuolumne River. An estimate of the number of fish that ran up the San Joaquin River and spawned below Friant was again made. Approximately 7,000 fish were counted on the spawning- beds in this area. From similar counts made in other streams where check counts at weirs were available indicate that this must be considered a minimum estimate of the numbers of fish present in the upjier San Joaquin. A trap was installed on the American River below the spawning grounds and the run in that stream was estimated by tagging fish at this trap and later comparing proportions of tagged and untagged fish on the spawning beds. Heavy spring and fall freshets preclude the possibility of obtaining complete counts of migrants remaining below Folsom Dam. The 1943 run was estimated to total 7,000 fish by this method. Fyke Net Work Fyke nets were operated to determine the numbers of salmon fr}^ lost in various diversion canals. Nets were also run in the rivers near the intake of those canals tested to check the time and size of the downstream migration. From May 1st to June 9, 1943, nets were operated in the Sacramento River (near Chico), the Glenn-Colusa Canal, the Feather River (near Oroville), the Sutter-Butte Canal, and the Great Western Canal. The movement of 3'oung salmon was evidently early, and most of them had moved out of the rivers by the time the ditches began taking water. Results obtained can not therefore be considered significant. In 1944 the work was started earlier with an earlier start of the irrigation season. On the Feather River (near GridlejO nets were operated from January 23d to May 31st. The heaviest downstream movement of young salmon occurred during March and April. The Sutter-Butte Canal opened early in April and moderate numbers of salmon were taken in the canal between mid- April and the end of May. The Great Western Canal opened in mid-April and took very few salmon. These catches were again affected by variations in stream flow and the difficulty of operating fyke nets in irrigation canals. They must be repeated to determine the significance of the results obtained. Both of these canals divert water from the Feather River. On the San Joaquin River near Mendota the fyke nets were operated from January 19tli to July 16th. Four large canals and one small one leave the river at this point. At least one canal diverts water at all times. By March 7th of 1944 all canals Avere operating. The migration of young salmon down the San Joaquin was heavj' from January 27th through ^larch, and reached its peak on February 24th. The canals diverting water at Mendota did no appreciable damage until February 11th, but from that time on the loss of young salmon was heavy. On February 18th one fyke net took 3,000 young salmon from one canal. Shasta Salvage Operations In November of 1942 the fall run of adult salmon was blocked for the first time at Shasta Dam when construction reached the point where it was no longer possible to take the fish over. From that time on the salvage program of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation was in full operation. 40 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION The salmon run reaching the vicinity of the Shasta Dam after Novem- ber, 1942, was forced to spawn in the river below this point. The entire fall run in 1943 spawned in the river below Keswick and the spring runs of 1943 and 1944 were transferred into Deer Creek and Battle Creek. It is too early as yet to determine how successful the salmon maintenance program below Shasta is. This will only become evident when fish that have been produced by the runs blocked by Shasta Dam and have been handled by the salmon maintenance program operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the Bureau of Reclamation, return again to the fishery and to the river areas in which they were produced. The first effects of the salvage operation should become evident in the fall of 1946 ; and the full effect of the salvage operations on the fall run will be felt in 1947. SOUPFIN SHARK The decrease in the production of soupfin shark, noted in the previous biennium. continued during the present. biennium. Total landings for 1942 and 1943 were 3,468,290 and 3,722,729 respectively. This decline in landings occurred in spite of an increased fishing effort and the greater efficiency of the various types of nets used. The effort required to catch one shark has increased 27 times from 1942 to 1944. An investigation of the Vitamin A potency of the soupfin shark and its relationship to the biology of the species was continued. From July 1, 1942, to July 1, 1944, samples of 461 livers were collected and analyzed at Stanford University. During 1943 the fishery was observed ; and samples of the catch were obtained along the entire coast of California. Data obtained is being analyzed, and a report is being prepared for pub- lication. The observations of the catch have indicated that in Southern Cali- fornia the fisherman's catch is composed almost entirely of female soup- fin. In contrast to this, male soupfin appear to be concentrated in the northern waters of the State. It has been established that the vitamin potency of the soupfin shark increased with size, and in the female definite relationship of Vitamin A potency to the state of sexual maturity, as well as the sexual development of the individual, has been found. In both males and females immature individuals exhibit very low vitamin potencies and their total value in terms of Vitamin A is small. On attaining maturity, however, the vitamin potency increased rapidly with size. This change from low potency to high potency livers begins in males at a total length of about 155 centimeters, and in females at a total length of about 165 centimeters. , OYSTERS After some years of trying to cultivate native oysters (Ostrea lurida), in Humboldt Bay, it has been finally demonstrated that it is impractical. Following the closure of the last company attempting this, the commission rescinded its previous regulations closing the bay to the introduction of Pacific oysters {Ostrea gigas). The bureau is planning to make some experimental plants of this large Pacific oyster to deter- mine the possibility of inducing it to reproduce in this area. Oyster cultivation was carried on successfully, especially at Morro Bay; but within the last year operations of the Army Engineers in THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 41 dredging- channels through the bay indicate that it may be difficult to continue to maintain these beds unless these plans are held within the bounds of reason. ABALONES Early in the biennium most of the abaloue divers had moved from Monterey to Southern California, south of Point Conception, where they worked on the collection of agar weed, or Gelidium. After this southern coast was opened to abalone diving by the 1943 Legislature, they fished for green abalones. The small size of this species and increasing difficulties in gathering Gelidium made the venture unprofitable. By the end of the biennium most of the divers had moved back to ]\Iorro Bay. The two years' rest given to the abalone beds in District 18 while the divers were in Southern California has resulted in a plentiful supply of large abalones. STATISTICS Continued shortage of personnel has required a modification of oper- ations in the statistical system. Insofar as possible, the collection of basic material has been continued, although difficulty has been experi- enced in obtaining an adequate field check to maintain the accuracy of the records. The inadequate clerical help has made it necessary to drop most of the special analyses that were heretofore published annually. The basic records, however, have for the most part been obtained ; and these analyses can be brought up to date as soon as the employment situation recovers. 42 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ENGINEERING By John SrENCEK, Chief The activities of the bureau were, as in other lines, curtailed by the war. Routine inspections and investigations were carried on and con- sideration was also given to the future operations when more nearly normal conditions will prevail. Investigations and some construction were carried on where it was permitted by the Federal agencies. The major portion of this activity was for the Bureau of Game Conservation in connection with their administration of the Pittman-Robertson Projects. When what appears to be suitable projects are found, a preliminary survey is made, and the data thus obtained determines its possible benefits to game. Six surveys of this kind were made, the data worked up and submitted to the Bureau of Game Conservation. In time some of these will probably receive further consideration. The Tehama Winter Deer Refuge in Tehama County, comprising 25,000 acres, was surveyed, specifications were issued for fencing the exterior boundaries, and the contract was awarded. The work, however, has been under the supervision of the Bureau of Game Conservation. About 10 miles west of Gridley is the commission's Gray Lodge AVaterfowl Refuge of 2540 acres. This refuge did have a system of levees but these were improved and made more effective, and substan- tial water control facilities and improvements were added. The levees, which are of sufficient width for vehicle travel, required the placing of 212,000 cubic yards of material and totaled 12^ miles in length. Some further work is to be done when present Avar restrictions will permit. Several projects are under consideration in Lassen County. One purchase of 2,200 acres has been made for waterfowl purposes and surveys are now in progress, and the intent is to proceed with the needed and extensive improvements in 1945 if it is permitted under the war regulations. The bureau has not had the proper facilities for storing its con- struction equipment and supplies. When material for construction is available it is expected to provide these facilities on land that has been purchased in the City of Redding as that place will be equipment head- quarters for central and northern sections of the State. The regular inspection of fish screens, previously installed, has continued, the 1,500 inspections made have well demonstrated that fish screens, as designed and installed, do stop the fish from entering the water diversions and subsequently being destroyed, and at the same time the continued flow of water is not stopped or interfered with. No new fish screens have been installed. Four new fishways over or around dams have been constructed by the owners of these dams. These installations were made due to com- mitments made by the owners to the writer in the preceding biennium. Over 250 inspections of dams and existing fishways were made to see if improvements or repairs were required. Twelve fish ladders were THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 43 repaired. The bureau has recommended to the executive secretary the installation of a number of fishways or their repair. Special matters requiring investigations numbered 104, while 160 maps or plans were prepared. In the spring of 1941, the greater portion of the responsibility for the work in connection with fish screens and fish ladders was placed in other bureaus, and the obligations and responsibilities of the Chief of the Bureau of Engineering were not definitely defined and hence no further report on these subjects is made. The subject of fish screens, and to a somewhat lesser degree that of fish ladders, has been before the commission for many years. Some progress has been made though the rate is far from satisfactory. It does not appear that there is sufficient knowledge of the need for pro- tecting fish from the water diversions of the State by the ones who should be interested in this subject and this apparent lack benefits those who are opposed to an active and definite program with respect to these two matters. The problem of fish protection is probably more acute in this State than in some other States due to limited rainfall in certain areas and the numerous and large diversions of water made for agri- cultural, industrial, domestic and jiower purposes. ROTARY P.SH SCRRKN A number of agencies diverting water, and others, profess to believe that the problem has no solution, and appear to be of the belief that some one fish screen, yet to be found, is necessary before the great loss of fish through these unprotected water diversions can be stopped. The fact that this commission has had installed a number of successful 44 riSH AND GAME COMMISSION fish screens of different types for varying conditions is carefully ignored. The need is not for some visionary and undemonstrated fish screen but rather the application of the knowledge at hand and which has been available for some years. It should be kept in mind that fish screens and fish ladders concern themselves with water, a vital need in the State of California. A policy of dealing with the diverters of water and the owners of dams should be determined based on a broad understanding of the needs of these parties as well as a reasonable application of fish protection measures, looking toward cooperation Math those with whom the commission must deal in the application of the Fish and Grame Code in these subjects. In order that a defined policy be effective and reasonable in its opera- tion, it appears that the responsibility should be fixed in one person. Several people can not be engaged in this work and have it carried out in an orderly and economical manner. The subject of fish screens and fish ladders is a most important'one in conservation work and it is recommended that conservationists give this subject their earnest and active consideration. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 45 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF LICENSES By IT. R. DrxHAR, Chief The biennium from July 1, 1!)42, to June 30, 1944, has presented many problems in the distribution and sale of licenses. Due to the various wartime restrictions, license sales have decreased and we have lost many of our license agencies as they were unable to obtain merchan- dise, or the lack of help caused them to discontinue handling licenses for the duration. In past years, it has been difficult to maintain proper distribution of licenses in the northern counties of the State and at times the sports- men found it difficult to purchase their licenses. In July of 1942, an office was established at Redding. This office served all cash agents in Trinity, Siskiyou, Shasta, Tehama, Modoc, and Lassen Counties. The office also serves as headquarters for the Patrol captain for the same territory. In the distribution and sale of our licenses and tags, the license agents who conduct sporting goods, hardware, and various types ^ of businesses, play an important part in assisting the division in making it possible for the sportsmen to obtain their licenses throughout the State. To simplify the work of the agents, the style of the license book was changed by eliminating the separate application form and incor- porating it with the license stub. This has saved the agents considerable time and work, and they are well pleased with the change. For various reasons as a result of the war, our license sales have decreased from the sale in 1941. Gasoline rationing and areas closed to hunting have been important factors in the decrease in sales. During the 1942 deer hunting season, all of Southern California and coastal areas were closed to hunting except the area north of San Francisco, which area was opened from August 1st to August 21st. In 1942, the deer tag sale dropped from a total of $173,699 in 1941 to $116,121. Hunting licenses dropped from $643,700 in 1941 to $522,985 in 1942. During the 1943 deer hunting season, the same areas were closed as in 1942 although in the month of December hunting was permitted in Southern California and the coastal area south of San Francisco. This resulted in an increase in deer tag sales from $116,121 in 1942 to $147,755 in 1943. During the 1943 Session of the Legislature, a law was approved providing for a pheasant tag costing $1. Due to priorities and other causes, it was not possible to obtain a suitable type of tag. A cardboard tag, similar to the deer tag, was finally adopted. Approximately $121,000 in tags were sold. The annual antelope drawing, as provided by Section 1346, was held at Sacramento on August 13, 1943. In all, 3,653 persons made application. Of the first 500 applicants who were entitled to a permit, 379 made application and were issued a permit. The 500th or last permit was issued to the applicant whose drawing number was 716. The commission, in compliance with Section 1347, provided for an elk season in Inyo County in the fall of 1943. A drawing similar to that held for antelope was held at the Fish and Game office at Los Angeles on November 8, 1943. There were 2,837 applications received. Permits were issued to the 75 applicants who qualified at the drawing. 46 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION FINAL STATEMENT OF ANGLING LICENSE SALES, 1942 SERIES County Citizen, ?2 each Non-resident, $3 each Alien $5 each Duplicate, 50c each Total Alameda . $65,730 00 328 00 1,678 00 9,662 00 1,862 00 1,432 00 21,232 00 3,194 00 4,696 00 22,554 00 516 00 $48 00 183 00 6 00 39 00 $575 00 $39 00 $66,392 00 511 00 Alpine . _ . .. Amador 5 00 2 00 13 00 3 00 1 00 18 00 10 00 5 00 7 00 18 50 1,691 00 9,714 00 1,865 00 1,443 00 21,503 00 3,467 00 4,855 00 22,609 00 794 50 Butte^ Calaveras - - _ .. . Colusa 10 00 205 00 5 00 10 00 45 00 230 00 Contra Costa . -._. 48 00 258 00 144 00 3 00 30 00 Del Norte El Dorado Fresno: Agents . - Fresno Branch Totals, Fresno ... $23,070 00 1,082 00 12,606 00 2,752 00 12,256 00 11,252 00 2,902 00 3,500 00 4,644 00 202,588 00 564 00 86 00 $33 00 6 00 87 00 3 00 171 00 6 00 $275 00 5 00 115 00 $25 50 2 00 28 00 3 50 21 50 4 00 1 50 5 50 3 50 76 50 75 50 9 00 $23,403 50 Glenn .. 1,095 00 Humboldt Imperial .__._ 12,836 00 2,758 SO Invo . 70 00 5 00 30 00 5 00 25 00 160 00 620 00 55 00 12,518 SO Kern _ . 11,267 00 2,933 SO Lake Lassen. ... 9 00 54 00 174 00 120 00 6 00 3,519 50 4,726 50 Los Angeles: Agents . . 202,998 50 Los Angeles Branch ._ 1,379 SO Terminal Island Branch _ 156 00 Totals, Los Angeles $203,238 00 3,892 00 10,094 00 4,506 00 8,484 00 4,718 00 2,826 00 7,242 00 8,902 00 $300 00 9 00 3 00 114 00 9 00 9 00 153 00 486 00 9 00 $835 00 5 00 100 00 $161 00 6 00 7 00 15 00 2 00 10 00 2 50 26 00 13 50 $204,534 00 Madera . 3,912 00 Marin 10,204 00 Mariposa ... 4,635 00 Mendocino . . 5 00 30 00 8,500 00 4,767 00 Modoc . _ . 2,981 50 Mono ... 5 00 310 00 75 00 7,759 00 Monterey: Agents 9,234 SO Monterey Branch 75 00 Totals, Monterev . . $8,902 00 9,040 00 5,972 00 20,114 00 6,218 00 7,440 00 11,396 00 27,408 00 454 00 $9 00 15 00 504 00 24 00 90 00 123 00 12 00 $385 00 30 00 35 00 $13 50 9 00 21 00 3 00 5 00 23 SO 8 00 7 50 64 00 $9,309 50 Napa . 9,094 00 6,532 00 Orange. .. ... 20,141 00 Placer 10 00 65 00 10 00 335 00 1,320 00 6,323 00 Plumas 7,651 50 Riverside. __ _. .... . _ 11,426 00 Sacramento: 27,750 50 Sacramento Branch. . ... .. 102 00 1,940 00 Totals, Sacramento San Benito.. $27,862 00 1,032 00 32,546 00 52,614 00 92 00 $102 00 $1,655 00 10 00 45 00 5 00 80 00 .$71 50 3 00 26 00 1 SO 12 00 $29,690 50 1,045 00 San Bernardino.. . ... 129 00 201 00 81 00 32,746 00 San Diego: Agents 52,821 SO San Diego Branch.. 26S 00 Totals, San Diego. . $52,706 00 58,166 00 592 00 $282 00 12 00 126 00 $85 00 530 00 2,375 00 $13 50 22 50 110 SO $53,086 SO San Francisco: Agents 58,730 SO San Francisco Branch . 3,203 50 Totals, San Francisco $58,758 00 21,328 00 9,078 00 9,254 00 7,552 00 18,454 00 7,876 00 11,744 00 20 00 $138 00 12 00 3 00 $2,905 00 15 00 10 00 45 00 20 00 75 00 185 00 15 00 5 00 $133 00 14 00 17 50 8 50 13 50 19 SO 14 00 30 00 4 00 $61,934 00 San Joaquin . . _ 21,369 00 San Luis Obispo ._. 9,108 50 San Mateo .. 9,307 SO Santa Barbara 6 00 15 00 12 00 63 00 9 00 7,591 SO Santa Clara 18,563 SO Santa Cruz. . .. . . . 8,087 00 Shasta: Agents . . 11,852 00 38 00 Totals, Shasta $11,764 00 $72 00 $20 00 $34 00 $11,890 00 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT FINAL STATEMENT OF ANGLING LICENSE SALES, 1942 SERIES— Continued 47 County Citizen, $2 eacli Non-resident, $3 each Alien, $5 each Duplicate, 50o each Total $1,394 00 9,358 00 21,914 00 I7,N72 00 11,954 00 2,518 00 2,940 00 1,384 00 11,310 00 3,784 00 7,092 00 2,820 00 6,242 00 568 00 $15 00 3r,9 00 12 00 18 00 24 00 82 00 9 50 58 00 22 00 IS 00 7 50 5 50 2 50 9 50 7 BO 4 50 2 00 7 00 81,411 00 $25 00 310 00 1 60 00 60 00 9,761 50 Solano - - - 22,294 00 Sonoma - 18,072 00 Stanislaus - -- 12,056 00 Siiffpr 2,525 50 6 00 6 00 27 00 2,951 50 Trinity - 5 00 35 00 5 00 1,397 50 Tulare . - 11,387 50 Tiinlumnp 3,796 50 7,096 50 Yolo 2,822 00 Yuba --- 36 65 228 00 4,392 00 99 00 30 66 6,315 00 Out of State: 796 00 50 4,392 50 Oregon 142 00 241 DO Totals 8857,468 00 428,734 ?8,958 00 2,986 88,555 00 1,711 81,022 50 2,045 $876,003 50 Number FINAL STATEMENT OF MARKET FISHERMAN LICENSE SALES, 1942 SERIES County Licenses 810 each Contra Costa Del Norte Humboldt Los Angeles — Terminal Island Branch Mendocino Monterey Branch Sacramento Branch San Diego Branch San Francisco Branch Santa Cruz Sonoma Total Number Total 81,200 00 210 00 2,240 00 47,590 00 1,000 00 11,110 00 1,350 00 13,960 00 12,000 00 790 00 270 00 $91,720 00 9,172 48 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION FINAL STATEMEWT OF ANGLING LICENSE SALES, 1943 SERIES County Citizen, S2 each Non-resident, $3 each Alien, $5 each Duplicate, 50c each Total Alameda- . _ $68,956 00 260 00 1,714 00 10,152 00 2,094 00 1,346 00 23,988 00 2,380 00 4,336 00 21,442 00 706 00 $45 00 204 00 3 00 57 00 3 00 3 00 27 00 294 00 114 00 15 00 39 00 $800 00 $44 50 $69,845 50 464 00 Alpine . ._. ... _ . _ Amador ... .... 2 50 27 50 50 3 50 25 50 6 50 5 00 6 00 25 50 1,719 50 Butte 30 00 5 00 5 00 260 00 10,266 50 2,102 50 1,357 50 24,300 50 2 680 SO Calaveras- Colusa Contra Costa . . Del Norte El Dorado 10 00 4,465 00 21,463 00 1,005 50 Fresno: Agents ... Fresno Branch 235 00 Totals, Fresno... $22,148 00 1,458 00 12,490 00 2,282 00 10,522 00 11,388 00 3,012 00 5,608 00 4,510 00 193,988 00 614 00 186 00 $54 00 9 00 51 00 3 00 219 00 $235 00 10 00 60 00 $31 50 2 50 27 50 50 26 00 3 50 1 00 6 50 5 00 56 00 43 00 6 50 $22,468 50 1,479 SO 12 628 SO Glenn Humboldt .. ... . Imperial-. . 2 285 50 80 00 10 847 00 Kern 11 391 50 Kings 35 00 5 00 45 00 90 00 435 00 30 00 3,048 00 Lake .. ... 9 00 39 00 117 00 90 00 6 00 5 628 SO Lassen. --. ... .. 4,599 00 194,251 00 1,182 00 Los Angeles: Agents - . . Los Angeles Branch. . . Terminal Island Branch- ... 228 50 $194,788 00 3,578 00 12,736 00 2,532 00 7,122 00 5,082 00 2,718 00 5,556 00 10,342 00 $213 00 $555 00 $105 SO 3 00 18 50 6 50 5 50 9 50 6 00 15 50 18 00 $195,661 50 Madera. .. .. . 3,581 00 Marin ... ... 3 00 69 00 15 00 9 00 159 00 561 00 3 00 6 00 75 00 5 00 12 832 50 Mariposa . . 2 612 SO Mendocino . 7,142 50 25 00 5 00 5 00 405 00 135 00 5 125 50 Modoc. .. - 2,888 00 Mono- ... 6,137 50 Monterey: Agents. .. _ .. 10,768 00 Monterey Branch . . . 141 00 Totals, Monterey.. $10,342 00 9,460 00 4,940 00 19,068 00 5,864 00 6,666 00 12,522 00 29,710 00 468 00 $9 00 6 00 555 00 9 00 48 00 171 00 12 00 $540 00 20 00 65 00 $18 00 14 50 11 00 3 50 4 50 16 SO 14 50 11 00 55 00 $10,909 00 Napa.- -- .- 9,500 50 5 571 00 Orange 19,080 50 Placer-. .. 25 00 65 00 10 00 665 00 855 00 5,941 50 Plumas - 6,918 50 12,558 50 Sacramento: Agents- _ .. 30,386 00 Sacramento Branch. 90 00 1,468 00 Totals, Sacramento $30,178 00 1,180 00 41,074 00 59,314 00 114 00 $90 00 3 00 51 00 204 00 48 00 $1,520 00 20 00 50 00 $66 00 8 00 33 50 3 00 24 50 $31,854 00 San Benito . 1,211 00 41,208 50 San Diego: 59,521 00 San Diego Branch 95 00 281 50 Totals, San Diego $59,428 00 60,022 00 726 00 $252 00 6 00 117 00 $95 00 615 00 1,390 00 $27 50 24 00 74 50 $59,802 50 San Francisco: Agents 60,667 00 San Francisco Branch .. 2,307 SO Totals, San Francisco $60,748 00 23,980 00 11,944 00 8,636 00 7,510 00 19,402 00 6,788 00 10,302 00 182 00 $123 00 $2,005 00 115 00 40 00 45 00 70 00 175 00 385 00 45 00 55 00 $98 50 21 00 23 00 5 00 9 SO 16 50 19 00 10 50 7 50 $62,974 50 San Joaquin 24,116 00 San Luis Obispo 3 00 6 00 6 00 12,010 00 San Mateo.. _ 8,692 00 Santa Barbara . 7,595 50 Santa Clara-. - 19,593 SO 9 00 57 00 27 00 7,201 00 Shasta: 10,414 SO Redding Branch .. . . 271 50 Totals, Shasta $10,484 00 $84 00 $100 00 $18 00 $10,686 00 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT FINAL STATEMENT OF ANGLING LICENSE SALES, 1943 SERIES— Continued 49 County Citizen, $2 each Non-resident, 13 each Alien, 15 each Duplicate, 50c each Total Sierra $1,262 00 10,542 00 24,990 00 18,426 00 15,372 00 2,594 00 2,968 00 1,400 00 11,110 00 3,454 00 8,662 00 3,120 00 4,532 00 378 00 121 00 513 00 9 00 15 00 12 00 $1 50 9 50 50 00 29 50 14 50 3 50 4 50 3 50 5 00 7 00 3 50 6 00 6 00 $1,284 50 Siskiyou » SISO 00 570 00 225 00 90 00 11,244 50 25,625 00 Sonoma - 18,695 50 Stanislaus 15,488 50 Sutter . 2,597 50 Tehama 10 00 2,982 50 Trinity - 3 00 6 00 24 00 3 00 30 00 () 00 279 00 3,732 00 78 00 1,406 50 Tulare 11,121 00 Tuolumne 3,485 00 Ventura . . . . . 8,668 .50 Yolo 5 00 3,161 00 Yuba 4,544 00 Out of State: Arizona 657 00 3,732 00 28 00 50 106 50 Totals S881,808 00 440,904 S8,331 00 2,777 $8,675 00 1,735 $968 00 1,936 $899,782 00 FINAL STATEMENT OF MARKET FISHERMAN LICENSE SALES, 1943 SERIES County $10 each Total Contra Costa $2,040 00 Del Norte 120 00 Humboldt __. . ... ........_._ 2,130 00 Los Angeles 68,490 00 Mendocino ... 1,000 00 Monterey.. .... ... .......... 9,650 00 Sacramento . ..... . ... 1,110 00 San Diego . . ......... 15,440 00 San Francisco 17,020 00 Santa Cruz . _ . 830 00 Solano _ _ _ ____________ 250 00 Total $118,080 00 Number ... . .. 11,808 4 — 52283 50 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION LJ to CM < e/j 111 o a. a. < I- < I- cc lli hi a C3 'o O . o ■ o &D ■ o O jO ■ o r-* ■^ . 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Norte- - El Dorado-. _m" iS Iresno; Agents Fresno 1 Glenn -.- Humbold Imperial - Tnyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen - . Los Ange Agents Los An Term in THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 55 O J o lO lO O t - — • — ' M OC' OO 03 O lO CO X' -— I t^ CO OO "^ o ■^ O 05 t^ Tt^ O —i lO — ' CM O C^ O O (M CO t^ "^^ C5 OJ COfM CO CO lO o CO CM CM CM CO CO I>- *0 CO O to :0 »0 OS CM t-- 1— I CM O •— ' c; ^ !>, _ ^ O r- a; 00 CO r~ > co th "^ — ^ 3o '-^^ r^ CO o CO-^ COt^'^-^ co-^ Oil^ CO O -H CO CO CO o oi r- CM ■rH o CnOO O uf lo CO t-T lo od CO -^ CO o CO 05 Tf* CM GO O ■^ CO CO ^ CO CM CC' CO "^ CO 00 CO O "^ OO CO o oi Tf CM r- a: CO CM t-- CO CO Tj< t-T tJh" CO rr CM -^ CO GO ^ CO UO tC iO «D to »0 OO OtO CO •— ^ CM CM -^ CM — H C<1 l>-| OO ■ OO 1 CO >— I • o lo OOt-CSt^ — OO -^ CO Tf CO CO o; 00 CM »o w -H T-. iC CM -^ r- 1 O -^ CO CO CO CO 00 >— in l>.|>-CCCCiC-H OiQO Tt^ CO CM CO -^ CM to lO OO lO OO CO CO to CD ^^ 1— I CD I>- C^ CM OO r- to CM CO CM l>.-*OCCO:t-^ to-— t I^ CM CO CM t-- CO ''tf* OCMCOCMCOOCM OO CO CO c; 00 oi c^ o -^ COOt-CTKOCOOi O CO COCMCOCMCOCO COC^l -H l-C0'-'t~-C50i CMC<^ O' l>. -nf to to CO Tf O tT tC TjH"-«:jI"cDCO'«a^ t-T -^^ So 88 CM CM CO to t-^co CM OO o-^ CO ^ CO COCO "^ "*OCMC-3CMCC COOO CICO CO 0'<*<"^OOOStO CO CO I-- I-- lO CO O ^- CM o; O lO — i 2 CO T}^ CO ""ij^ —T -ijj^" cjT o - 9-3 sJ rf :3 CD Qj O '■ s = s o 2 2i20 m - 2f 3 J-*; CO saw 03 CO « :-- 1r~ U5 oooooocroorrooo 00»0»00000»i^Oii^iCO c^-7CSI — CS] — ~~ -^^ 3 „•• 2 L' » CS c3 cu o c »Ci O to c-3 — Tt- re o :>D ro — i^ c-:i 0 o CO o 01 00 t--.C0Ow_OOOMC-)_O— ^oo ## o ^ o S3 ^ ? o ff- = >-- -2 S « - ^ THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 57 CO UJ cc bJ CO tiJ (3 < O z < UJ u z o z < cc CO > < CO hJ CO Z UJ u 6 3 12: Oi ^-1 cc— COtDl-tCiO — '— ' ; i « ^" J ; CO r-1 c^ :c -- o »o ^ -2 g '- "3 1 si S 8S S g 8 S S g§ irar O' OiC-J OCNOOCCI- c^>o g g g^ 8 g Cv| o O iC o o or, c^ '-o o 'o a i i i i i i " i i i i i i ! 1 11 1 1 ^ 1 > 1 1 ; [ 'S 5 i i i i g ; i 1 ; § ; i i i i i i 2 ; i i ; g i i i II II *• 1 r 1 1 ' f 1 o g i g ; gg g s g g g gg o ' i^ f lOO li^ as ^o ^ ic »o o 1 o o ooo I I [ o o ot^ 1 1 1 lO O O O 1 ' 1 CO (M CO ' ' 4^ iVv 1 1 ! i i 3 c I ; II o 1 1 1 ' 1 1 '1 , , , , o 1 1 1 1 ; 1 II II II IC ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' II II OC 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' ' II II «/3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' -2 5 E a:; II II 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 oo I , 11 II It-- I 1 1 o o ,11 II II 1 cc 1 1 1 >OiO t 1 11 II 1 < — 1 1 1 1 t^ II II 1 1 1 M> 1 1 i 9» 1 o I lo o ! 1 O ' 1 OS o < o 1 I O o I cc 1 ■«» O ' e*& 1 r urj J 1 1 cs 1 c 1 O i 1 i jig 11 11 I 1 1 I I »0 I PI II 11 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 > • Los Angeles 11 11 1 I o o 1 1 1 oo II II i.OO 1 ' ■ lOO 11 il iiOt^ ' 1 ' t^o II II 1 1 2 =» 1 1 1 g§5 11 II 1 1 e» 1 1 1 m O 1 ■ -^ 1 o iO 1 ' »o I o r^ 1 1 cc 1 o SI l«* 1 s o i i i i i i i g i i i g i i i i i i i i s 1 1 1 g 1 1 ! 1 ! Ill 1 1 1 ' 6% 1 O 1 1 - 303,275 719,960 10,000 40,000 88,525 41,000 97,350 30,000 1,357,375 107,608 3,011,400 3,646,480 65,750 36,600 457,650 - 824,360 15,200 3,400 17,367 109,200 194,870 172,350 1,306,519 182,370 288,550 3,333 440 68,100 16,000 608,638 96,400 918,146 5,550 76,080 5,000 35,000 10,000 10,000 87,975 439,711 15,000 53,000 20,000 50,000 134,000 95,000 10,000 25,000 3,000 55,900 55,000 154,082 35,190 4,810,148 68 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF FISH Hatchery MOUNT WHITNEY. PRAIRIE CREEK- SEQUOIA TAHOE TALLAC YOSEMITE._._ YUBA RIVER. Totals County Fresno . Inyo Mono-- Tulare. Del Norte 766,840 Humboldt 761,705 Fresno - Tulare- El Dorado. Placer El Dorado. Nevada Placer Mariposa. - Tuolumne- Sierra. Yuba. Total from hatchery by county 21,990 395,189 310 50,990 101,899 319,818 667,910 239,420 804,965 32,650 102,150 787,270 228,940 378,135 18,380 22,732,891 Rainbow 15,990 152,559 310 50,990 10,000 60,348 101,899 319,818 305,020 196,280 804,965 32,650 102,150 489,770 151,140 283,750 18,380 13,784,642 Steelhead 264,920 692,432 1,974,801 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT AND GAME, RECORD OF FISH DISTRIBUTION— 1943— Continued 69 Golden Black Spotted Cutthroat Loch Leven Eastern Brook King Salmon Silver Salmon Miscel- laneous Miscel- laneous Total 6,000 . 242,630 468,479 491,920 8,925 1,528,545 421,717 362,890 43,140 . 907,330 939,765 297,500 77,800 1,016,210 94,385 396,515 1 53,883 1,569,530 1,757,390 3,503,320 105,325 22,732,891 70 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION SPINY RAYED FISH RESCUE Source County Small- mouth Black Bass Large- mouth Black Bass ■ Ken- tucky Bass Striped Bass CENTRAL VALLEYS FISH RESCUE Contra Costa 180 14,228 250 800 598 171,500 542,249 6,608 Fresno Kern 3,000 Kings Merced Sacramento . _ _ San Francisco San Joaquin San Mateo 168,985 Solano Stanislaus - 52,792 3 1,140 13 11,010 Sutter Yolo Santa Clara 97,820 COAST FISH RESCUE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FISH RESCUE Kern ISO 350 2,485 1,130 280 Los Aneeles Riverside San Dieeo 25 TOTAL FISH RESCUE (SPINY RAYED) 322,597 752,999 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 71 RECAPITULATION— 1943 Calico Bass Sacra- mento Perch Crappie Square- tail Catfish Forked- tail Catfish Bluegill Sunfish Green Sunfish War- mouth Bass Sturgeon Total 450 6,151 630 9,014 275 11,093 475 800 49 55 280 43,821 1,000 1,600 157 3,750 130 71 4,755 . 171,500 100,000 12,560 392,334 130,047 75,894 940 15,880 1 1,269,905 6,608 247 2 240 80,500 150 1,622 2,010 190 253,556 390 52,795 444 14 50 61 2,367 36,100 61,450 1,730 16 24,000 2,500 413 6,171 60,127 1,000 92 950 116 8,000 13,940 9,710 7,586 7,000 900 675 90 2 174,872 208 2,500 2,680 1,840 400 1,940 390 50 10,650 16,970 14,035 9 9,125 9,220 1,290 75 825 100,000 32,561 406,155 314,419 134,854 29,821 16,644 3 2,110,053 72 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION TROUT AND SALMON RESCUE Source County Rainbow Steelhead CENTRAL VALLEYS FISH RESCUE Placer Sacramento. 4 Sutter Yolo. NORTH COAST FISH RESCUE.. Del Norte 10,063 Humboldt .. Lake. 206,872 Mendocino ._ 311,700 Santa Clara . .. . _ 4 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FISH RESCUE.. Santa Barbara 778,100 Ventura. 27,200 TOT.\L TROUT AND SALMON RESCUE 4 1,333,939 THIETY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 73 RECAPITULATION-1943 Golden Black Spotted Cutthroat Loch Leven Eastern Brook King Salmon Silver Salmon Miscel- laneous Miscel- laneous Total 23 27 93,800 70,300 69,060 6,660 93,800 70,300 69,060 48 23,402 8,960 40,173 8,960 206,872 311,700 4 778,100 27,200 48 23 239,820 32,362 1,606,196 74 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION PREDATORY ANIMAL CATCH BY COUNTIES July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1943 July 1, 1943 to June 30, 1944 Total for bien- nium Coyote Bobcat Other predators Total Coyote Bobcat Other predators Total 15 51 55" 79 46 116 77 1 311 125 15 58 1 88 94 128 164 100 1 383 211 2 143 186 15 Amador 29 2 26 70 6 65 156 5 -- 2 3 6 38 7 10 74 11 23 6 29 41 12 102 83 32 77 223 2 1 7 5 26 20 14 5 26" 10 56 28 9 99 Calaveras . 13 El Dorado 190 Fresno... 177 Glenn Inyo.. 160 241 Kern... 323 1 Lassen Los Angeles _. .. 169 95 15 12 23 31 207 138 19 49 1 28 3 53 37 1 72 65 590 349 2 Mariposa.. . 17 145 119 87 24 44 9 149 162 58 370 236 338 13 4 60 1 71 9 78 94 80 94 5 28 6 9 54 2 6 34" 87 20 85 87 97 1 6 5 35 52 10 137 130 31 21 123 171 11 360 127 76 27 31 45 80 203 138 278 156 81 30 306 420 89 815 450 511 41 41 110 1 184 21 113 238 198 139 22 43 118 223 Modoc 389 Mono ... .- 138 Monterey.. ... 137 39 50 6 98 293 285 338 563 Nevada 494 Placer 81 Plumas . ... 18 183 210 145 1 51 100 28 49 244 155 114 68 478 465 287 98 Riverside San Benito .. 784 885 San Bernardino San Diego 376 815 113 445 37 96 87 78 237 619 687 Santa Barbara 1,130 Santa Clara 41 Santa Crua 41 Shasta Siskivou 23 60 58 13 38 73 93 8 6 17 7 21 14" 50 77 79 13 58 200 191 8 160 78 Stanislaus 26 2 16 19 21 20 87 10 19 125 97 25 17 263 34 Trinity Tulare Tiinliimnp 8 10 9 12 117 89 171 438 389 Vpntiira 147 Yuba 22 Totals 2,885 714 1,981 5,580 2,693 601 1,733 5,027 10,607 19Jf2-43 19//3-U Average number of trappers 21 22 Miles of trapline 182,147 214,285 Number of sets 253,865 264,465 Number of days 6,696 6,546 THIRTY-EIGPITH BIENNIAL REPORT 75 ARRESTS AND CONVICTIONS RECAPITULATION Number of arrests Fines imposed Jail sentences (days) Fish cases, 1942-1943 1035 1076 $31,692 50 41,497 50 100 Game cases, 1942-1943 .._ . . 238 Totals, 1942-1943 2111 1079 1108 $73,190 00 $28,768 00 50,550 00 338 Fish cases, 1943-1944 _ 197 Game cases, 1943-1944 180 Totals, 1943-1944 2187 2111 2187 $79,318 00 $73,190 00 79,318 00 377 Recapitulation: 1942-1943 338 1943-1944 377 Totals 4298 $152,508 00 715 TOTAL ARRESTS FOR A PERIOD OF FORTY-TWO YEARS 1902-1904 550 1904-1906 774 1906-1908 1,192 1908-1910 . 1,771 1910-1912 2,063 1912-1914 1,993 1914-1916 2,087 1916-1918 1,797 1918-1920 1,891 1920-1922 2,258 1922-1924 2,715 1924-1926 3,207 1926-1928 4,390 1928-1930 5,388 1930-1932 5,237 1932-1934 3,795 1934-1936 4,535 1936-1938 6,382 1938-1940 ^ 7,444 1940-1942 7,262 1942-1944 . 4,298 76 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION SEIZURES OF FISH AND GAME Fish July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1943 July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944 Total Abalones Abalones, red Abalones, green Abalones, black B arraouda Bass, black Bass, striped Bass, pounds Bass, striped, pounds Bluegill Bluegill, pounds Clams Clams, Pismo Clams, Cookies Clams, Horseneck Catfish Catfish, pounds Crappie Crappie, pounds Fish spear Frogs Gill nets Lobster, pounds Lobster, traps Lobster, receiver Lobsters, spiney Lobsters Perch Perch, saltwater, pounds. _. Salmon Salmon, pounds Salmon, net Salmon, King Salmon, Silver, pounds Scallops Shad, pounds Sturgeon, pounds Sunfish Sunfish, pounds- Sunperch Swordfish, Marhn, pounds. Trammel nets, pieces Trout, Easternbrook Trout, pounds Trout, steelhead Trout, steelhead, pounds.. Trout, rainbow Trout, rainbow, pounds Trout, Loch Leven Trout Tuna 121 626 128 126 57 160 44 6,077 853 102 50 19 16 76 5 1 10 2 21 16 95 .... 214 42J^ 388 4 25 244 277 7 820 15,300 234 735 23 202 164 25 1,577 53 528 108 101 23 400 48 153 1 72 23 4 50 52 520 25 45 102 175 18 3,000 11 . 62 22 69 2M 856 35 1,028 355 1,361 151 328 57 324 69 6,077 2,430 53 9 528 697 203 50 42 416 124 5 1 10 2 21 169 1 80 30 5 50 147 520 1 25 45 214 102 42H 563 4 43 3,000 11 62 23K 313 2H 1,133 35 7 1,848 15,300 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT SEIZURE OF FISH AND GAME— Continued 77 Ciamo July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1943 Jiilvl, 1943, to June 30, 1944 Total Antelope Bear meat, pounds Deer Deer meat, pounds Deer meat, canned, jars.. Doe Doe meat, pounds -- Doves Ducks Elk Geese Jacksnipe KiUdeer Meadowlark Pheasants Pigeons Quail Rabbits, brush Rabbits, jack Rabbits, cottontail Squirrel, tree Squirrel, grey Sagehens Shorebirds Sparrows Swans White crowned sparrows - Woodducks Wilson snipe 1 39 1,623 32 2 60 303 653 """20' 1 2 1 219 1 39 28 2 74 5 1 "14" 5 7 2 60 96 1,642K 377 754 1 69 366 1 13 17 13 2 2 '12' 3 1 60 135 3,2651^ 32 2 60 680 1,407 1 89 1 2 1 585 2 52 45 2 74 13 2 7 1 12 17 5 10 2 78 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION FISH CASES Offense July I, 1942, to June 30, 1943 July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944 Arrests Fines Jail Arrests Fines Jail Abalones: Undersize, overlimit, out of shell, no li- cense, closed season, remove from shell below high tide, fail to show license on demand, no commer- cial license - .. 211 214 3 115 32 4 90 2 68 3 16 8 4 33 3 2 8 2 1 3 47 $5,283 00 3,743 50 30 00 2,558 00 860 00 105 00 1,832 50 50 00 4,340 00 50 00 425 00 100 00 125 00 655 00 150 00 100 00 432 50 25 00 50 00 60 00 6,250 00 10 246 292 $6,592 50 5,250 50 Angling: No license, closed season, closed area, within 150 feet of dam, not holding rod, false statement in securing license, set lines after sundown, two poles, fish gaff 300 feet of stream, fishing in fish ladder, closed waters, lending license to another, illegally taken fish, using trout roe for bait, back dating angUng license, operating set line - . 140 Barracuda: Overlimit, undersize, no hcense. Bass: Undersize, using two rods, after sundown, night fishing, closed season, no license, two hues, overlimit, possess for sale, fail return bass to water taken in shad net, buying striped bass 16 29 132 23 4 69 2,855 00 635 00 135 00 1,460 00 Bass, black: No license Catfish: Selhng, undersize, closed season, use of net to take catfish, closed waters . . Clams: Undersize, clam forks in preserve, take clams in preserve, out of shell, overUmit, no license, closed season . . _ 15 Cockles: Overlimit. _ . _ __. _,. Commercial: Operating net and taking tuna in closed season, gill net in closed waters, no license, failure give fishermen copy at dehvery, operating round whole net in District 20, operating net Stanislaus River, operating purse seine net and taking bluefin tuna in closed area, failure to keep record of fresh fish purchased and from whom... 36 2,770 00 Crabs: Undersize, closed season, overlimit. Crappie: Selling -- 2 70 00 Fail show fish on demand . Frogs: Overlimit, closed season, no license . .. Game fish: Taken illegally .. Gill net: Closed area, meshes over ^" in length Halibut: Closed season. .. Lobsters: Closed season, undersize, overlimit No party boat permit 6 220 00 Operating fish trap . . -- 2 3 6 1 79 4 200 00 85 00 975 00 10 00 2,735 00 80 00 Perch: Closed season, no license... Pollution. . __ . River otter: Closed season Salmon: Undersize, taken illegally, other than anghng, at night, at fish screen, no license, spear- ing, night spearing 38 5 5 2 46 66 2 1 810 00 125 00 135 00 50 00 950 00 1,798 00 550 00 35 30 Spearing: Spearing in prohibited area, 300 feet of stream, using gaff hook _ __ Steelhead: Taken illegally, overlimit, no license, possess 34 tagged steelhead, District IJ^ Sturgeon: Possession .. Sunfish: Nolicense, closed season, overhmit.. Trout: Overlimit, closed area, not using hook and line, sale, more than one pole, closed area, closed season, snagging with" Spanish fiver," taking steel- head other than in tidewater _. . ... 15 154 422 50 4,022 50 12 Tuna: Closed area, selling, closed lake, without Taking marine life within marine refuge Use nonnative minnows as bait 25 00 1 4 25 00 225 00 Use and possess otter board trawl Wilful waste of food fish 1 25 00 Totals 1,035 $31,692 50 100 1,079 $28,768 00 197 I THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT GAME CASES 79 Offense Antelope: Closed season Bear: Closed season, refuge Beaver: No commercial license Coots: Shooting with 22 rifle Deer: Night hunting, refuge, take forked horn deer in District 1 J4, transfer deer tags, overlimit, closed season, doe, no tags, failure to have deer tag vali- dated, spike buck, fawn, altering deer tags, fawn, two deer in a one deer district, firearms, spotlight- ing, unplugged gun, early and late shooting, allow- ing hounds to run deer during closed season Deer meat: Closed season, female, unstamped, no permit, illegally taken Doves: Closed season, shooting from auto, no license, overlimit, taking by trap, use license of another, unplugged gun Ducks: closed season, early and late shooting, over- limit, no license, unplugged gun, no duck stamp, failure to show game on demand, taking young from nest, shore bird possess baby ducks Elk: Overlimit, cow Firearms: Refuge, shooting from highway Fox, grey: Closed season Game birds: Closed season, selling domesticated game birds, no license Geese: Overlimit, unplugged gun, refuge, no license, harrying geese with car, after sunset Hunting: No license, failure show hcense on demand, transfer of license, hunting in refuge, falsifying in order to secure citizen's license, at night, use license of another, spothghting, refuse to show license on demand Jacks nipe Meadowlark Mudhens: No license _. Muskrats: Trapping for profit, no license Mountain Sheep: Kill and possess Nongame birds Pheasants: Closed season, hen, no license, set lines to take pheasants, failing to tag, trapping hen, no tags, shooting from auto Pigeons: Closed season Quail: Closed season, no hcense Rabbits: Closed season, no license Robins and flickers Sagehens: Closed season Seized evidence destroyed Shooting from auto Shorebirds Squirrels, tree Swans . Taking birds with trap Trapping: Disturbing traps of licensed trapper, trap- ping for profit, no license Trespassing Waterfowl: Closed season, early and late shooting, no license, overUmit, no duck stamp WiUits Wilson snipe Woodducks Totals. July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1943 Arrests 179 69 49 273 25 1 94 1 1 1 2 15 180 2 30 46 1 5 15 7 2 2 1 2 46 1 1 1,076 Fines 5160 00 100 00 75 00 25 00 9,617 00 5,432 00 1,375 00 9,046 00 575 00 10 00 50 00 205 00 1,992 00 12 50 25 00 35 00 200 00 310 00 8,448 50 50 00 650 00 694 50 70 00 325 00 405 00 155 00 55 00 125 00 10 00 75 00 945 00 25 00 25 00 195 00 J41,497 50 Jail 54 74 105 '""5 238 July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1944 Arrests 301 76 36 182 2 5 5 28 121 270 I 18 4 4 1 25 2 3 3 1 5 1 1,108 Fines $100 00 18,780 00 5,090 00 1,710 00 i,077 50 200 00 85 00 400 00 852 50 3,230 00 10 00 20 00 200 00 9,940 00 50 00 585 00 100 00 150 00 10 00 540 00 20 00 200 00 60 00 25 00 105 00 10 00 $50,550 00 Jail 95 30 55 180 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 81 CALIFORNIA FRESH FISHERY PRODUCTS FOR YEAR 1942 Compiled by Division of Fish and Game, Bureau of Marine Fisheries Species of fish Eureka region Sacramento region Sau Francisco region Monterey region Santa Barbara region Albacore - _ _ 11,616 8,286 5,400 284,684 149,076 577,893 75 Barracuda 256,281 Bonito 33,727 Cabezone - _ 504 1,788 12 Cabrilla 39,968 170,580 Catfish 200,828 42,261 68,230 484 Eel 103 Flounder 265,255 89,101 15,168 60 Flying Fish - _ 66 Grouper Hake 25 2,991 6,140 38,920 12,226 Halibut, California 275,673 233,462 92,822 22,042 109,022 1,617 59,730 89,305 323,886 802,896 21 Mackerel, Horse 122,230 1,086,595 Mackerel, Spanish Perch 24,113 14,498 5,578 3,144 Pike 173 Pompano, California 79 2 Rock Bass . . .-. 38,980 Rockfish 269,134 1,625,819 2,255,862 162,671 179 70,019 29,512 1,642,051 112,555 165,896,261 655,899 290,874 164,931 67,309 332,491,022 83,767 Sablefish 2,382 Salmon. _ _ 2,552,944 462 Sand Dab . 7 Sardine 44,790,700 10,234,078 Sculpin . . - . . 221 Sea-bass, Black 142 34 4,940 Sea-bass, White 5,714 38 800,563 14,440 115,138 77,485 Shad 2,571,595 Shark. _ 1,155,759 312,371 407,936 35,178 Skate-- 12,938 54,410 19,162 11,242 Smelt Sole 37,877 2,066,856 164 166,927 589,773 108,048 378,673 11,327 100,863 Split-tail 15,391 95 Sucker _ - -- Swordfish, Broadbill 246,011 Tomcod . - . - 145 Tuna, Bluefin 159 122,640 25 Turbot 3,095 151,022 94 3,001 8,227 21 9 439 Whitebait Whitefish, Ocean . 26,751 115 Miscellaneous Fish 24,349 16,743 13,677 28,295 Total fish, in pounds Crustacean: Crab 8,173,697 694,486 50,234,432 170,162,029 1,638,944 800,958 336,468,734 80,656 13,667,280 Shrimp 71,441 MoUusk: Abalone 3,675 160,787 Clam, Cockle 257 760 Clam^ Gaper Clam, Pismo 3,000 90,613 Clam, Soft-sheU 73,144 9,848 2,226 Octopus . . . 1,015 92,426 317,216 1,612 4,140 Oyster, Eastern Oyster, Japanese 292,017 4,070 Squid . -. 875,732 Total shellfish, in pounds 710,630 2,926,332 967,203 614,858 Grand total, in pounds 8,884,327 50,234,432 173,088,361 337,435,937 14,282,138 Note: All amounts shown in pounds. This record does not include albacore shipped from Oregon and Washington _l: i_Jr n J.I. *_- ■ ji /-^ic f r^ f f ■ mi- i- .i ,i ■ n- . t • i 82 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Y .^ X M- n\ iH ec s < UJ >- o re ii 3 ffi - f ec v» UJ u. Total landings in Cali- fornia, including fish from west coast south of the International Boundary brought in by boat South of International Boundary brought into San Diego CO O •— I C5 Ol '-• -— d l>. CiC5coccocgcooo-^-HOC^icKjir2m--Hu:5^i^^co '^CCCC':OU5Tj^_.-HCOOOiOC2CCi'^GOGOC- South of International Boundary brought into Los Angeles. Total taken in state waters and off the coast of California C5— I CO GO ■^CO r- CO CD t- O CO CO •-< f-HOO >J^ -^ o CO ^ ^ CO O CO i-H C<1 CI Ol CO -^ — I C^CS -H CO CO l>^"^CO — " c^ OS Oi"^ CO Ol_CO cc o O =2. L. E < San Diego region. O W5 CO QO Tf ocq o CO o >o f^ CO lO r- (MM Los Angeles region. "^ Ttt CO CO CO Ir^ CO lO O CO CO Ol t^ Th CO c^ r^ Ol »o t^ u^ Ol P. t-i :> 3 O g o CO O 'M CO O CO' — ' CZD -rt* O CO O CO lO "'^i — I O CO oi"oco cTcq" t- t^ >-H CD »-H CO CO -^CDfMC^tClO — -^ OOiOCOC^— c-ij^OiO Oll>--^COGO'— 'tO-^ '-^■^COC^'OtJh"cO»0 Tt^t^COOlClGO-^O W5 C^ 1— t C<> CO lO o^ ■-^ oco Ol 00(M OS lO »0 CM CO O Ol oo »o Ol CO O ^^Ol t^ t^cicocicooooor- '— 'a;i>.-rtHCoocoiO"^oi OC1»-HCOIOCO-^C^>001 c r-T CO cTio ii:rcD"co »o lO lO CJl CD CD •— ( Ut) ■«*< - l-H^CO 1^ CO Oi ■^ CD r- CO ^CD ,.^ <^ =n wS c: r^ ?^ =3 1— ' CO •Tt< l>- (M CO COCO -^ICGOOI CO CO lO O (M C^ -^ CO CO J- OOW3 Olio C31 r- THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 83 CO lOiO'^ _ t-^ TJH — Vi_^ -"^T" 1^" «V '•^J "J ■— ' lO rf iC C^ C35 Oi Oi ■^ r^ CO cT ic lO cT ■^ CD iO CO 'M — • CM coco ^ CO lo cq >-^Oi_CO ^- O CO •^ oo t-- csr-OCM-^ootT'COcocMeo coictoos-^-^osc^cocooo coos CO o — < cm" C^I>-OCO'^OOCOCOCOCMOO CO»OCD— i"^-*:J«C5C^»COGOCO ■^CMI>-CD<— 'OOCO"»*- CM c^ IC CD -* >0 CO U^ CO OS •-« O O OSGOOD cm CO Oi •— t OS CO CD CO lO --i" QO y~-> CD r- OS OS ^ ITS lO 00 OS t^ OS CM COOCM CO CO OOtP cm r- OS CM Tf lO O -H O CM O to OS-^ '^^''^'^'^'^ irfod r-r.-71-Cod »0 CM ^H >— I CO »c -— ' OS -— I •O CD OS -^ t-- >0 O CO oo oo -H i-J,.XJ .LJ .^ ^ 3 c!s rt (S =s u ci> oj (u j:: oQCQccoimaiaiccaat-it-it-it-iIsjsp*-!^ c o a'-i a >" : o =3.23^^ H U3 > gOcccc ^ o T3 a 3 o -y 1-. 1-1 t_ I -o<;ac'::jQoooooa} 84 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION- CANNED, CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR OF 1942 Canned End of fish or fishery product Size of cans San Francisco district, cases Monterey district, oases San Pedro district, cases San Diego district, cases Total, cases Albacore ... 1-lb 3,199 124,948 177 103,966 435 3,376 235,171 435 523 503 4,676 1,022 31,266 110 1,944 7,926 443 601,048 12,035 664 1,106 63 1,422 676 i^-lb 6,257 Ji-lb ^ }^-lb. lOO's 523 242 4,676 746 17,369 110 1,944 7,926 Anchovies . J^-lb. lOO's 261 Barracuda }^-Ib Bonito . 1-lb 276 13,897 If lb Clams . No. 10, 6's K-lb - Clam juice No. 10, 6's Mackerel 4-lb. 12's 443 17,456 3,220 1-lb 4,539 579,053 8,815 664 H-lb M-lb. lOO's Sardine No. 10, 6's 1,106 4-lb., 12's 63 1-lb. oval 1-lb.taU J^-lb 164,452 164,363 638,343 498,946 8,283 37,255 75,386 72,706 19,129 619,881 1,342,030 1,707 84,069 1,222 2,006,561 9,990 121,324 75,386 185,427 }^-lb-. 96's . , J^-lb. filet 5-oz. lOO's M-lb. sq. 100's_. 22,049 90,672 2,918 ': . 22,047 2,205 20,058 4,887 941 8,749 179 3-oz. paste 1-lb 2,205 20,058 4,887 Shad Shad Roe 3flb Squid Mb. tall 941 Tuna, Bluefin 1-Ib 8,749 179 221,330 1,507 18,920 4,018 98,427 8,539 17,996 123 7,939 1,919 192,413 3,410 8,587 3,613 36,267 383 23,096 2 079 121^ oz Jflb 28,236 177 y,438" 486,671 93,315 3,170 249,566 1,684 18,920 11,456 585,098 101,854 21,166 19'? 14-lb \i-\\i. lOO's Tuna, Striped- j... 1-lb }-^-lb Ji-lb M-lb. lOO's Tuna, Yellowfin 4-lb., 12's 1-lb 16,567 24,506 1,919 691,120 32,834 9,406 5,561 145,415 383 123^ oz }^2-lb 498,707 29,424 819 1,948 109,148 M-lb M-lb. lOO's Tuna flakes. 1-lb J-flb Tuna, "tonno" style }^-lb M-lb. lOO's 23,096 2,287 35,105 197,403 Yellowtail ... 1-lb.-.. 208 20,757 H-lb 14,348 197,403 Petfood Misc. sizes Totals 378,014 1,363,152 3,762,737 1,437,740 6,941,643 Note: Forty-eight cans to the case unl'Ess otherwise specified. Monterey. San Pedro District includes Orange County. San Francisco District includes all area north of THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT Cured and Manufactured 85 Fishery product Size or quantity San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total Pounds - 5,500 5,500 Pounds 47,002 47,002 41,248 41,248 Sablefish , kippered Sahlpfish salted 236,863 72,000 104,206 236,863 Pounds 72,000 104,206 Pounds 190,920 190,920 Shrimp, dried__ Shrinin meal 2,091 5,120 2,091 Pounds _ _ _„ 5,120 Rtiflrwafpr rpsiHiinm Tons 195 25,170 5,219,441 49,097 195 Tons 17,748 4,183,492 148,043 31,633 3.146,680 63,795 4,452 137,027 79,003 Fish, oil --- Gallons Gallons 12,686,640 Shark liver oil 260,935 Miscellaneous Data Estimated value of pack. Number of employees. -_ Value of plants San Francisco district $8,812,250 1,665 $3,578,273 Monterey district $12,570,434 3,380 $3,923,808 San Pedro district $27,042,118 5,172 $4,418,812 San Diego district $19,007,887 2,033 $1,626,931 Total $67,432,689 12,250 $13,547,824 86 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION REPORT OF SARDINE CANNING AND REDUCTION PLANTS, SEASON 1942-1943 Compiled by S. H. Dado Prior to the opening of the season fishermen and plant operators in San Francisco and Monterey with the aid of the OPA agreed on a price of $22 per ton if the insurance was paid by the plants or $22.50 per ton if the insurance was paid by the boat owners. In Monterey fishing operations were delayed a few days after August 1st adjusting cannery workers pay and differences between the C. I. 0. and A. F. L. fishermen's unions. In San Francisco the first load of sardines came in on August 8th. In Monterey the first deliveries were made on August 12th. In southern California fishing started promptly on October 1st and was exceptionally heavy for the first two weeks of the season. Landings were above average for the first three months of the season. Hearings were held June 25th by the Commission on 76 applica- tions for permits to use sardines by a reduction or extraction process. At the Board meeting held on July 11th 75 permits for 4,750 tons each were granted. On October 17th two more permits were granted to Associated Sardine Canners, Inc. and Del Mar Canning Company, Plant No. 2, both in Monterey. The permit w^as issued to Del Mar Canning Company since it was declared ready to operate but no permit was issued to the Associated Sardine Canners, Inc. as their plant was not completed and ready to operate. On January 8, 1943, additional permits for 1,000 tons each were granted and issued to 13 canning plants in the San Pedro district and on February 11th additional permits for 1,000 tons each were granted and issued to foui- canning plants in Monterey. On March 5th, a permit was granted and issued to Van Camp Sea Food Co., Inc. "I. P. -A. T." Plant to use 634 tons to cover fish taken in excess of permits the plant held. Permits were issued for the season as shown in the following table : District Number of Plants Tons San Francisco 33 156,750 Monterey 23 113,250 San Pedro 16 89,634 San Diego 4 19,000 Totals 76 378,634 A transfer of 577 tons was made from the San Francisco district to be run in a Monterey plant. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 87 Only 54.6 per cent of the reduction permit tonnage granted was received in the San Francisco district, 68.3 per cent in the Monterey district, 70.8 per cent in the San Pedro district, and 15 per cent in the San Diego district. In the four districts combined 60.6 per cent of the tonnage granted was received leaving an unused tonnage of 149,302 tons to be canceled at the close of the season. The permits granted on July 11th provided that not more than one-third of the tonnage granted for the season could be taken in one calendar month. In the San Francisco and Monterey districts 700 tons and in southern California 950 tons was set as the minimum amount that could be taken during any one month during the season. These rulings on maximum aud minimum monthly allotments were can- celed on October 16th. During the season 208 boats engaged in fishing sardines were operated on the following basis : Pori of operations Number of boats San Francisco only 19 Monterey only 66 San Pedro only 37 San Francisco and Monterey 20 San Francisco and San Pedro 18 Monterey and San Pedro 36 San Francisco, Monterey and San Pedro 12 Total 208~ Of the total boats, 197 were purse seiners and 11 were small lampara type boats using ring nets. During the season five purse seiners were lost during storms, two at San Pedro and three at Monterey. This report does not include sardines taken for fresh fish markets, bait, quarter oil pack, or fish packed after March 31st, in square cans of less than 10 ounces in weight. The following plants operated during the season : SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT Alaska Salmon Co., Kichmond American Sardine Co., Benicia Benicia Fisheries (2 plants), Benicia F. E. Booth Co., Inc. (2 plants), Pittsburg California Fish Products Co., Richmond Carquinez Fishery, Ltd., Richmond Cypress Fisheries, San Francisco East Bay Fisheries, Richmond Edible Fish Meals & Oils, Richmond Farallone Packing Co., Div. of Borden Co. (2 plants), San Francisco Fish-Dee-Lish Corp., Richmond Fish Packers, McNears Point 88 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Gardenia Packing Co., Richmond Golden State Fisheries, Inc., Benicia Hofmann Packing Co., McNears Point Lansing Fisheries, San Francisco Martinez Food Canners, Ltd., Martinez McGovern and McGovern, Richmond Northern Packing Corp., San Francisco Old Capitol Packers, Inc., McNears Point Ozol Packing Co., Martinez Pittsburg Canners, Inc., Richmond Point Edith Fisheries, Ltd., Richmond Polarine Fisheries, Inc., Richmond Red Rock Fisheries, Inc. (2 Plants), Richmond Redondo Fish Products Co., Richmond Richmond Fisheries, Inc., Richmond San Pablo Fisheries, Richmond Tamalpais Fishing and Packing Co., Richmond MONTEREY DISTRICT California Packing Corp., Monterey ■ r • Carmel Canning Co., Monterey Custom House Packing Corp., Monterey Del Mar Canning Co. (2 plants), Monterey Edgewater Packing Co., Monterey E. B. Gross Canning Co. (2 plants), Monterey Hovden Food Products Corp. (2 plants), Monterey Hovden Food Products Corp. (2 plants). Moss Landing M. A. Leonis, Moss Landing Lucido Fisheries, Monterey • Monterey Canning Co., Monterey Monterey Fish Products, Inc. (2 plants), Monterey Oxnard Canners, Inc., Monterey Port Costa Packing Co., Moss Landing San Carlos Canning Co., Monterey San Xavier Fish Packing Co., Monterey Santa Inez Fisheries, Inc., Moss Landing Sea Pride Packing Corp., Ltd., Monterey SAN PEDRO DISTRICT California Marine Curing & Packing Co., Terminal Island I California Sea Food Co., Long Beach Coast Fishing Co., Wilmington Franco Italian Packing Co., Terminal Island French Sardine Co. of California, Inc. (2 plants), Terminal Island ^ K & M Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island - Sardamack Fisheries, Inc., Wilmington Sea Pride Packing Corp., Ltd., Terminal Island 1 Plant No. 2 burned Jan. 2, 1943. ' Plant burned Jan. 2, 1943. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 89 South Coast Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island ^ South Pacific Canning Co., Inc., Long Beach Southern California Fish Corp., Terminal Island Van Camp Sea Food Co., Inc. (3 plants), Terminal Island West Coast Packing Corp., Long Beach SAN DIEGO DISTRICT American Fisheries Co., San Diego * High Seas Tuna Packing Co., Inc., San Diego Sun Harbor Packing Co., San Diego Westgate Sea Products Co., San Diego * 3 Plant burned Jan. 2, 19 43. * Permit issued, no sardines received. 90 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION PRODUCTION OF SARDINE PLANTS August 1, 1942, to March 31, 1943 District Sardines received, tons Used for canning, tons Cannery fish overage used for meal and oil, tons Used for meal and oil under permit, tons San Francisco 115,586 183,158 199,750 2,847 20,657 71,482 93,092 9,344 33,968 43,160 85,585 77,404 63,498 Monterey San Pedro,.. _ . San Diego _ 2,847 Totals Add cannery overage used for meal and oil . . 501,341 1185,231 86,472 86,472 229,334 Total tons received for canning purposes . 271,703 1 The law requires that 13^2 cases of 1-lb. oval cans be canned from each ton of sardines received for canning purposes, but in calculating the amount of fish actually used in canning, a basis of 20 cases per ton is used. District Cannery offal, tons 1-lb. ovals packed, cases Other size cans packed, cases Other size cans reduced to equivalent of Mb. ovals, cases Cases, per ton San Francisco . 10,327 35,770 46,546 203,287 705,317 491,690 215,560 750,376 1,377,143 209,878 724,335 1,370.383 13 8 Monterey San Pedro 13.5 13 6 San Diego ..^ . . . Totals 92,643 1,400,294 2,343,079 2,304,596 District Sardine meal, tons Ratio per ton of meal Sardine oil, gallons Gallons of oil per ton of fish and offal San Francisco.. . 19,114 28,255 29,015 599 5.5 5.2 5.3 4.8 4,467,454 5,590,335 3,049,132 41,862 42 4 Monterey San Pedro 38.0 19 9 San Diego .. . _ . . . 14 7 Totals 76,983 13,148,783 District Permits issued, tons Unused permit tonnage cancelled tons Used for other purposes, tons San Francisco - . _ . 156,750 113,250 89,634 ■ 19,000 =70,588 =36,423 26,136 16,153 Monterey 1304 San Pedro.. .. . . San Diego . Totals.. .._ 378,634 149,300 ■304 1 304 tons for salting. = 577 tons transferred San Francisco to Monterey. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 91 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF SARDINE PLANT OPERATIONS, SEASONS 1941-1942 AND 1942-1943 San Francisco District Season 1941-42 Season 1942-43 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil., Tons of sardines received for pet food Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons Oil, gallons 63,279 121,381 1,261 185,921 449,589 427,566 405,120 29,935 7,162,343 30,001 85,585 115,586 203,287 215,560 209,878 19,114 4,467,454 •33,278 *35,796 •1,261 •70,335 •246,302 •212,006 •195,242 •10,821 •2,694,889 ' Decrease. Monterey District Season 1941-42 Season 1942-43 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.. Tons of sardines received for salting Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons Oil, gallons 179,549 70,139 29 105,450 77,404 304 249,717 1,098,747 1,413,846 1,331,057 36,309 7,222,683 183,158 705,317 750,376 724,335 28,255 5,590,335 •74,099 7,265 275 •66,559 •393,430 •663,470 •606,722 •8,054 •1,632,348 ■ Decrease. San Pedro District Season 1941-42 Season 1942-43 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil_. Tons of sardines received for pet food Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons ._. Oil, gallons 123,396 18,633 4,256 146,285 633,298 1,244,910 1,236,037 18,590 2,088,695 136,252 63,498 199,750 491,690 1,377,143 1,370,383 29,015 3,049,132 12,856 44,865 •4,256 53,465 •141,608 132,233 134,346 10,425 960,437 * Decrease. 92 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION San Diego District Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil- Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals. Meal, tons Oil, gallons Season 1941-42 68 1,472 1,540 1,266 1,266 269 25,244 Season 1942-43 2,847 2,847 599 41,862 Increase *68 1,375 1,307 '1,266 *1,266 330 16,618 * Decrease. California, All Districts Combined Season 1941-42 Season 1942-43 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning. Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil- Tons of sardines received for pet food, salting, etc Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals. Meal, tons Oil, gallons 366,292 211,625 5,546 583,463 2,181,634 3,087,588 2,975,480 85,103 16,498,965 271,703 229,334 304 501,341 1,400,294 2,343,079 2,304,-596 76,983 13,148,783 *94,589 17,709 *5,242 •82,122 *781,340 *744,509 *668,8S4 *S,120 *3,350,182 * Decrease. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT SARDINE CATCH BY MONTHS, SEASON 1942-43 Moiilli August, 1942.. September October November December January, 1943. February March San Francisco Canning 4,628 7,395 4,766 4,268 4,118 4,447 379 Keduction 27,640 20,502 14,015 12,553 5,252 5.502 121 Other purposes 93 Total 32,268 27,897 18,781 16,821 9,370 9,949 500 Totals. 30,001 85,585 115,586 Month August, 1942. September October November December January, 1943 February March Totals... Monterey Canning 14,430 28,989 7,268 13,185 16,921 9,636 14,294 727 105,450 Reduction 16,202 19,717 4,098 12,889 10,477 4,532 9,489 77,404 Other purposes 41 167 2 44 50 304 Total 30,673 48,873 11,368 26,118 27,398 14,168 23,833 727 183,158 Month October, 1942. November December January, 1943 February March 1 Totals... San Pedro Canning 35,929 32,720 35,639 19,308 12,590 66 136,252 Reduction 22,200 20,371 13,084 7,554 289 63,498 Other purposes Total 58,129 53,091 48,723 26,862 12,879 66 199,750 * San Diego Month Canning Reduction Other purposes Total October 1942 331 827 1,042 647 331 827 1,042 .lanuarv 1943 647 Fphniarv Totals - 2,847 2,847 94 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION PACK OF 1-LB. OVALS BY MONTHS, SEASON 1942-43 Mouth San Francisco, cases Monterey, cases San Pedro, cases San Diego, cases Total, cases August. 1942 19,397 42,971 39,245 27,201 28,414 41,808 4,251 97,298 199,350 47,169 84,668 115,715 65,209 95,908 116,695 242,321 214,948 227,121 262,020 177,294 159,148 747 September October 128,534 115,252 117,891 70,277 58,989 747 November.- . _ . . December __ . January, 1943. .. _______ _ February.,... _ _ __ _ .._ March_. Totals 203,287 705,317 491,690 1,400,294 PACK OF OTHER SIZE CANS REDUCED TO EQUIVALENTS OF 1-LB. OVALS, SEASON 1942-43 BY MONTHS, Month San Francisco, cases Monterey, cases San Pedro, cases San Diego, cases Total, cases August, 1942_. September October November December January, 1943. February March 43,079 56,902 30,541 30,450 29,589 lg,220 1,097 Totals. 209,878 97,561 192,132 52,197 93,394 112,820 66,523 98,089 11,619 356,£34 326,487 363,234 190,445 133,168 515 724,335 1,370,383 140,640 249,034 439,272 450,331 505,643 275,188 232,354 12,134 2,304,596 SARDINE MEAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1942-43 Month San Francisco, tons Monterey, tons San Pedro, tons San Diego, tons Total, tons August, 1942 5,370 4,598 3,130 2,888 1,422 1,639 67 4,644 7,355 1,669 4,160 4,246 2,156 3,937 88 10,014 September _. _ 11,953 October _ 8,173 7,847 7,274 4,111 1,602 • 8 60 152 261 126 13,032 15,047 13,203 8,032 November December January, 1943.. February. _. . ... _ . 5,606 Mach 96 Totals 19,114 28,255 29,015 599 76,983 SARDINE OIL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1942-43 Month August, 1942.. September Octobe Novembrer December January, 1943. February March Totals. San Francisco, gallons 1,325,287 1,165,268 768,976 640,630 280,465 281,511 5,317 Monterey, gallons 4,467,454 1,098,094 1,713,064 354,523 881,961 802,864 313,276 422,854 3,699 5,590,335 San Pedro, gallons 1,216,837 946,778 605,502 235,902 43,908 205 3,049,132 San Diego, gallons 9,362 14,548 14,218 3,734 41,862 Total, gallons 2,423,381 2,878,332 2,349,698 2,483,917 1,703,049 834,423 472,079 3,904 13,148,783 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 95 CALIFORNIA FRESH FISHERY PRODUCTS FOR YEAR 1943 Compiled by Division of Fisli and Game, Bureau of Marine Fisheries Species of fish Eureka region Sacramento region San Francisco region Monterey region Santa Barbara region Albacore _ - - 488,361 474,332 78,793 300,549 198,432 60 112 7,379 294,675 190,540 367,637 Cabezoue 140 13 Cabrilla 16,735 209,485 606 40 Catfish 478,755 311,135 151,410 160,003 84,802 14,279 1,857 Flounder 18,043 FIvirie Fish Hake 6.427 3,057 10,869 1,070 1,015 15,511 Halibut, California 352,263 269,991 Hardhead 2,096 HerrinET Pacific 125,584 495,132 4,829 43 150,048 9,190 205,547 162,793 4,430,090 452 368 155,500 231,500 Mackerel, Pacific 92,780 Mullet Perch - 24,525 28,694 13,879 20,244 Pike 273 PoiiiDano California 198 396 15,784 1,375,468 1,907,664 2,176,182 280,395 462 202,781 36,901 2,021,123 143,862 171,029,377 684,754 1,221,784 1,101,934 75,023 439,702,334 85,130 Sablefish 700 1,295,424 3,409 Sardine __ 73,645,540 362 Sculpin 1,680 1,832 Sea-bass, White 3,114 13,948 17 1,064,882 62,897 145 326,768 55,837 Shad _ 2,347,902 79 Shark 1,070,856 478,980 96,653 Skate 16,696 34,116 16,777 4,292 Skioiack Smelt 66,851 3,449,278 72 965,644 996,257 292,011 86,134 10,107 Sole 232,647 Split-tail 10,925 Swordfish, Broadbill 134,835 Tuna, Bluefin- 43,182 275,899 Turbot 6,401 137,880 13,196 3,487 705 17,745 Whitebait 22,412 Yellowtail 13 Miscellaneous Fish 49,150 26,117 2,169 19,966 Total fish, in pounds Crustacean: Crab 12,245,247 229,058 77,916,080 178,154,054 2,021,556 253,215 449,017,469 64,724 43 2,796,534 Spiny Lobster 125,528 Mollusk: 5,891 120 100 631,558 Clam 728 1,759 44,111 Clam Soft-shell 46,557 4,962 79,878 301,454 30,448 39,060 Octopus Oyster Eastern 3,464 9,582 439,651 Oyster, Native Squid 9,065,688 233,190 2,783,141 9,141,896 1,240,848 Grand total, in pounds 12,478,437 77,916,080 180,937,195 458,159,365 4,037,382 Note: All amounts shown in pounds. This record does not include albacore shipped from Oregon and Washington or fish imported from South America or the Gulf of California. This record is the catch made in or off the regions show a in the tables. 96 FISH AN"D GAME COMMISSION Total landings in Cali- fornia, including fish from west coast south of the International Boundary brought in by boat South of International Boundary brought into San Diego — 00 05 ofcsf OiOiOO coo 1-H t- CO Oi CO t-- CD (MCD South of International Boundary brought into Los Angeles CO o -— 1 1-- GO lO C3 Oi O CO (MO V) O) *J *- LO U. rA ^ CA )H cs s < UJ **- o >- ce r3 OJ II 3 DU in H a; o F =) ro o O o oc a. re > x: a: UJ L. Total taken in State waters and off the coast of California *0 CO'* ■■— 1 O CO GO GO OO iOOiM"' CO !>. CO C GO Id eo^c r-Ti-rirq" lOiM CO CO cq »o GO 0:1 T-. (M 05 r- --H^CO c^_ oTioo^" -HO o:)-^.— icO00I>--^'— I OiCiCOOiiOClt^-— I rfOOOCDCOrt Oi "* t- -cr CO 10 -<*<■«*< lO GOO"^ San Diego region- al co oo ^ GOCO c-a 00 00 10 o 10 CVJ O 03 toco t-^co CO Oi Los Angeles region . 10 CO o c^ "^ 03 0Ot}< t^Tt^ r- GO »0 CO lO o CO Oi CO o iOCSI CO**** CD ^.-T CO 05 ■^ t--co r- - lO CO cti" CO COt^ CTs -H CO CO o C5 ^s< r- ^C OS CO -— • QOOeq lO ^^1 !>. O OCO UJ .^ < Jlil is a a o oz, 36h t- 1 w .« 1-r -t-3 !-• O -r- --^ tort C3 ^^ r- "oJ "S "o CD hC-S t- tH t- o «-C JZ! OJ © a; -iJ 5, J— ~ CO -T}-*" o* O'^C'J'^QOCTieCiOO'— «CCt^<£>C0'- OO t^CO CO odco-o ■— 1 Oi CD o CO — . OO 1— ' OO Oi OO t^od (MO CO " .-roodar— o-^ --HiOOO OO — .■^.— ■t^-'fCOCO CO C^ 05 CO CO r* .— . (M '— 'oocoooooi^*''«*'b-t^oot^ooi>.t^iOOi':o i>-t^'^ooiOooot--C5Cf CO 00 1— *t^ ■«:»<•— cdoot-.--ico co-^-^cows CO CO t^ •— t lO t^ coco 1—1 •— ' 00 OO r- CO "^ I>- CO (M CO ic cdod .— no oa cocq CS| Tt^OOOt-OOOiOOOi— « (--■^r^ioc^t^o-^co C^0000»0000<-H-. 00 00 CO 00 CO OO OOJ t^CO lO CO CO o *0 1— I OO C^ O lO CO Oi GO O -^ CO ■^cd t~-CO 1—1 1-- C^ CO C CO -a -a 3 — o s a — -a 1:1 O ,^ o e r- a Q ^ "^ "^ ^ CO— 2 C r- C 0-»-»-^^+^' — -^OiXl^^j^WXCft^ ■o-i;oqooooom o 98 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION CANNED, CURED AND MANUFACTURED FISHERY PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE YEAR 1943 Canned Kind of fish or fishery product Size of cans San Francisco district, cases Monterey district. San Pedro district. San Diego district, cases Total, cases Albacore. Anchovy__ Barracuda. Bonito Clams Clam juice _ Mackerel - _ Sardine Salmon . _ _ Shad Shad Roe _ Skipjack- - Squid Tuna, Bluefin.._ Tuna, Yeliowfin. Tuna flakes.- Tuna, "tonno" style. Yellowtail Totals - Mb Jo-lb ----- H-\b 34-lb., sq. lOO's . Vo-lh 1-lb J^lb M-Ib lirlh No. 10, 6's 1-lb No. 10, 6's 1-lb. ovals lib. tall lOJ^oz., E. 0.-. '•^Ib. sq }4-lb. 96's 14-lb. filet 5-oz. lOO's---. M-lb. sq. lOO's- M-lb. lOO's 1-lb 4-lb. oval 1-lb 4-lh ^-Ib M-lb. lOO's 1-lb Ub 1-lb K-lb 1-lb J^lb 'i-\h i-lh. 1-lb. -fib. M-lb. 1-lb. J^lb. lOO's- lOO's- 20 32,523 270,005 89,966 3,514 2,934 1,506 10,104 1,475 11,516 6,252 11,342 87" 429,815 7,997 775,446 742,968 25,526 53,537 44,935 10,176 16,193 112,175 6,982 2,280 184,772 389 352 28,463 10,225 906 827,040 400,504 846,314 44,516 26,507 2,235 1,981 84,592 403 1,227 80 2,159 160,685 23,952 268,513 11,416 214 4,624 115,924 1,041 16,198 4,530 63,250 17,435 209,906 6 6,457 353 4,255 "697" 3,856 285,236 5,872 162 11,859 41,505 350,609 179 381,788 5,4 1,807,364 3,135,292 1,325,663 19,715 406,020 6 87 389 352 34,920 353 10,225 906 839,312 32,523 1,445,955 1,679,945 3,514 28,460 99,559 44,935 46,787 18,428 1,475 11,516 6,252 5,837 369,828 6,275 1,227 112,255 6,982 2,321 172,544 65,457 619,122 11,416 214 4,803 497,712 1,041 16,198 4,530 68,738 6,698,134 Note: Forty-eight cans to the case unless otherwise specified, terey. San Pedro District includes Orange County. San Francisco District includes all area north of Mon- THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT Cured and Manufactured 99 Fishery product Size or quantity San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 4,000 34,000 4,000 34,000 Pounds Pounds -- -- 64,037 12,553 230,241 226 86,650 64,037 Mixod fisli smoked 12,553 Pounds Tierces 230,241 Salmon mild cure 226 Pounds Pounds . - - 86,650 Sardine salted 135,350 135,350 Pounds Pounds Pounds Tons 92,800 2,075 4,500 19,682 4,979,798 188,826 92,800 Shrimr) dried 2,075 4,500 37,416 6,652,715 90,939 24,753 2,262,889 77,509 4,300 120,777 86,151 Fish oil Gallons Gallons 14,016,179 357,274 ' Includes 4,160 tons of residuum from stickwater. Miscellaneous Data San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total Estimated value of pack Number of employees _ . Value of plants $10,608,935 1,906 $3,933,244 $1 048,271 3,308 $4,368,836 $27,180,215 5,158 $5,324,824 $15,658,679 1,771 $2,416,886 $70,496,100 12,143 $16,043,790 100 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION REPORT OF SARDINE CANNING AND REDUCTION PLANTS, SEASON 1943-1944 Compiled by S. H. Dado Price for sardines was set by the 0. P. A., prior to the opening of the season, at $22 per ton plus insurance. Fish were delivered in the San Francisco District on August 5 and in the Monterey District on August 2. In southern California deliv- eries started on the opening day of the season, October 1. Hearings on 82 applications for permits to use sardines by a reduction process were held on June 2 in Los Angeles, and permits were granted to 82 appli- cants to be issued when the plant was equipped and ready to operate. Prior to the opening of the season, 74 permits for 4,750 tons each were issued; and one additional plant in the San Francisco District qualified and was issued a permit in October for 3,270 tons, a deduction from the basic tonnage being made as the plant was not ready to operate on open- ing of the season. On December 15 an additional grant of 1.000 tons was made to such plants as could show need for such additional tonnage to continue operations. Thirteen plants in the Monterey District, and three plants in the San Pedro District were issued additional permits for 1,000 tons each. Permits were issued for the season, as shown in the following table : No. of Tons Tons Tons District plants issued used unused San Francisco 34 160,020 95,332 64,688 Monterey 22 117,002 96,826 20,176 San Pedro 16 79,000 46,912 32,088 San Diego 3 14,250 2,663 11,-587 Totals 75 370,272 241,733 128.530 In the Monterey district 498 tons of permit tonnage was revoked, and has been deducted in the above table. Of the permit tonnage issued, only 59.6% was used in the San Fran- cisco District, 82.7% in the Monterey District, 59.4% in the San Pedro District, and 18.7% in the San Diego District. For the entire State, 65.3% of the permit tonnage issued was used. The permits were issued without any limitation on the amount of fish that could be received monthly. During the season there were 206 boats engaged in fishing sardines, of which 197 were purse seine boats, and 9 were lampara type boats, using ring nets. These boats were operated during the season, as follows : THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 101 No. of Port of operation boats San Francisco, exclusively 10 Monterey, exclusively 59 San Pedro, exclusively 41 San Francisco and Monterey 37 San Francisco and San Pedro 38 Monterey and San Pedro 15 San Francisco, Monterey, and San Pedro 6 T-tal 206 This report does not include sardines taken for fresh fish markets, bait or fish packed after March 31st, in square cans of less than 10 ounces in weight. The folio-\ving plants operated during the season: . - SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT Alaska Salmon Co., Richmond ■ American Sardine Co., Benicia Benicia Fisheries (2 plants), Pittsburg F. E. Booth Co., Inc. (2 plants), Pittsburg California Fish Products Co., Richmond Carquinez Fishery, Ltd., Richmond Cypress Fisheries, San Francisco East Bay Fisheries, Richmond Edible Fish Meals & Oils, Richmond Farallone Packing Co., Div. of Borden Co. (2 plants), San Francisco Fish-Dee-Lish Corp., Richmond ■ • :_.; Fish Packers, McNears Point Gardenia Packing Co., Richmond Golden State Fisheries, Benicia ; .; Hofmann Packing Co., McNears Point Lansing Fisheries, San Francisco Martinez Food Canners, Ltd., Martinez McLaughlin, Harold, Richmond Monitor Fisheries, Richmond Northern Packing Corp., San Francisco Old Capitol Packers, McNears Point Ozol Packing Co., Martinez Pittsburg Canners, Inc., Richmond Point Edith Fisheries, Ltd., Richmond Polarine Fisheries, Inc., Richmond Red Rock Fisheries, Inc. (2 plants), Richmond Redondo Fish Products Co., Richmond Richmond Fisheries, Inc., Richmond San Pablo Fisheries, Richmond Tamalpais Fishing and Packing Co., Richmond 102 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION MONTEREY DISTRICT California Packing Corp., Monterey Carmel Canning Co., Monterey Custom House Packing Corp., Monterey Del Mar Canning Co., Monterey Edgewater Packing Co., Monterey Hovden Food Products Corp. (2 plants), Monterey Hovden Food Products Corp., Moss Landing Lone Wolf Packing Co., Moss Landing . Lucido Fisheries, Monterey Monterey Canning Co., Monterey Monterey Fish Products, Inc. (2 plants), Monterey Oxnard Canners, Inc., Monterey Peninsula Packing Co. (2 plants), Monterey Port Costa Packing Co., Moss Landing San Carlos Canning Co., Monterey San Xavier Fish Packing Co., Monterey Santa Inez Fisheries, Inc., Moss Landing Sea Pride Packing Co., Monterey Western Fish Products Co., Moss Landing SAN PEDRO DISTRICT California Marine Curing & Packing Co., Terminal Island California Sea Food Co., Long Beach Coast Fishing Co., Wilmington Franco Italian Packing Co., Terminal Island French Sardine Co. of California, Inc. (2 plants). Terminal Island Golden State Sea Food Co., Long Beach K & M Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island Sardamack Fisheries, Wilmington South Coast Fisheries, Inc., Terminal Island South Pacific Canning Co., Inc., Long Beach Southern California Fish Corp., Terminal Island Terminal Island Sea Foods, LtcL, Terminal Island Van Camp Sea Food Co., Inc. (3 plants). Terminal Island West Coast Packing Corp., Long Beach West Coast Packing Corp., Newport Beach SAN DIEGO DISTRICT High Seas Tuna Packing Co., Inc., San Diego Sun Harbor Packing Co., San Diego Westgate Sea Products Co., San Diego THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 103 PRODUCTION OF SARDINE PLANTS August 1, 1943, to March 31, 1944 District Sardines received, tons Used for canning, tons Cannery- fish overage used for meal and oil, tons Used for meal and oil under permit, tons 126,132 212,383 132,317 2,690 21,269 78,147 58,047 27 9,531 37,148 27,358 95,332 Monterey - 96,826 46,912 2,663 Totals - -- 473,522 1157,490 74,037 74,037 241,733 Add cannery overage used for meal and oil _ 231,527 1 The law requires that 13} 2 cases of 1-lb. oval cans be canned from each ton of sardines received for canning pur- poses, but in calaculating the amount of fish actually used in canning, a basis of 20 cases per ton is used. District Cannery offal, tons 1-lb. ovals packed, cases Other size cans packed, cases Other size cans reduced to equivalent of 1-lb. ovals, cases Cases, per ton San Francisco _ 10,631 39,076 29,019 14 277,724 747,978 377,420 153,866 821,082 781,934 697 147,763 815,058 783,633 13.8 Monterey - 13.5 13.6 San Diego - 697 j- 25.8 Totals 78,740 1,403,122 1 1.7.57..579 1,747,151 District Sardine meal, tons Ratio of wet material per ton of meal Sardine oil, gallons Gallons of oil per ton offish and offal San Francisco ..._ -_ - - 20,064 32,840 20,081 527 5.7 5.2 5,1 5.1 5,018,816 6,578,416 2,135,162 50,617 43.5 Monterey 38.0 San Pedro 20.7 San Diego 18.9 Totals 73,512 13,783,011 District Permits issued, tons Unused permit tonnage cancelled, tons Used for other purposes, tons San Francisco Monterey San Pedro San Diego Totals--. 160,020 117,002 79,000 14,250 64,688 20,176 32,088 11,587 370,272 128,539 1262 1262 1 262 tons for salting. 104 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF SARDINE PLANT OPERATIONS, SEASONS 1942-43 AND 1943-44 San Francisco District Season 1942-43 Season 1943-44 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil. Tons of sardines for salting Total tons of sardines received for all purposes. Cases of 1-Ib. oval cans packed. Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent of 1-lb. ovals_. Meal, tons _ Oil, gallons 30,001 85,585 115,586 203,287 215,560 209,878 19,114 4,467,454 30,800 95,332 126,132 277,724 153,866 147,763 20,064 5,018,816 9,747 10,546 74,437 *61,694 *62,115 950 551,362 * Decrease. Monterey District Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil Tons of sardines received for salting Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. ovals packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons Oil, gallons. Season 1942-43 Season 1943-44 Increase 105,450 77,404 304 115,295 96,826 262 9,845 19,422 *42 183,158 705,317 750,376 724,335 28,255 5,590,335 212,383 747,978 821,082 815,058 32,840 6,578,416 29,225 42,661 70,706 90,723 4,585 988,081 * Decrease. San Pedro District Season 1942-43 Season 194344 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil.. Totals. - Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons Oil, gallons 136,252 63,498 199,750 491,690 1,377,143 1,370,383 29,015 3,049,132 85,405 46,912 132,317 377,420 781,934 783,633 20,081 2,135,162 *50,847 *16,586 *67,433 *114,270 *595,209 *586,750 *8,934 *913,970 * Decrease. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT San Dieijo District 105 Season 1942-43 Season 1943-44 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oil. Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-Ib. ovals. Meal, tons - Oil, gallons 2,847 2,847 599 41,862 27 2,663 2,690 697 697 527 50,617 27 •184 •157 697 697 *72 8,755 ' Decrease. California, All Districts Combined Season 1942-43 Season 1943-44 Increase Tons of sardines received for canning Tons of sardines received under permit for meal and oiL. Tons of sardines received for sal ting Total tons of sardines received for all purposes Cases of 1-lb. oval cans packed Cases of other size cans packed Other size cans reduced to equivalent cases of 1-lb. ovals Meal, tons Oil, gallons 271,703 229,334 304 501,341 1,400,294 2,343,079 2,304,596 76,983 13,148,783 231,527 241,733 262 473,522 1,403,122 1,757,579 1,747,151 73,512 13,783,011 •40,176 12,399 •42 •27,819 2,828 •585,500 •557,445 •3,471 634,228 * Decrease. 106 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION SARDINE CATCH BY MONTHS, SEASON 1943-44 San Francisco Month Canning Reduction Other purposes Total August, 1943 4,515 10,813 2,956 4,710 1,674 5,968 164 16,432 62,644 2,445 4,834 389 8,333 255 20,947 September .._.._ _ _ __ , _ _. 73,457 October. .._ . 5,401 November . . . __ . . 9,544 December .. ..'__ _.._... 2 063 January, 1944. __ _ . . . ... 14,301 February.. ... . ..... 419 Totals 30,800 95,332 126,132 Monterey Month Canning Reduction Other purposes Total August, 1943 19,040 22,810 14,171 18,643 20,873 13,733 5,989 36 7,609 23,092 9,683 21,772 22,015 10,821 1,834 26,649 September. _ ... 45,902 October.- 25 50 74 64 49 23,879 November . ' _. 40,465 December .... 42,962 January, 1944... 24.618 February . _. 7,872 March .... 36 Totals 115,295 96,826 262 212,383 San Pedro Month Canning Reduction Other purposes Total October, 1943 31,430 14,055 17,921 16,410 5,589 17,754 6,104 11,623 9,971 1,460 49,184 November . . . . . 20,159 December. .. . . . _. . . 29,544 January, 1944. 26,381 February and March 1 7,049 Totals... 85,405 46,912 132,317 San Diego Month Canning Reduction • Other purposes Total October, 1943 . 631 831 424 768 9 631 November 14 13 845 December 437 January, 1944. 768 February 9 Totals -. 27 2,663 2,690 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT PACK OF 1-LB. OVALS BY MONTHS, SEASON 1943-44 lOi Month San Francisco, cases Monterey, cases San Pedro, cases San Diego, Total, cases cases Aueiist 1943 40,708 97,418 31,247 40,348 12,143 55,472 388 124,945 144,589 83,509 121,154 140,160 91,911 41,710 165,653 242,007 234,659 September 119,903 69,505 81,084 75,053 31,875 November - -- 231,007 233,387 Januar}', 1944 222,436 73,973 March . Totals.. ---. 277,724 747,978 377,420 , 1,403,122 PACK OF OTHER SIZE CANS REDUCED TO EQUIVALENTS OF 1-LB. OVALS, BY MONTHS, SEASON 1943-44 Month San Francisco, cases Monterey, cases San Pedro, cases San Diego, cases Total, cases August, 1943 -- September October November December January, 1944. February March Totals. 20,252 48,601 9,518 23,720 10,969 32,281 2,422 147,763 135,729 163,436 107,867 130,652 142,123 93,761 40,995 495 310,141 121,478 161,092 146,881 44,041 815,058 783,633 357 340 697 155,981 212,037 427,526 276,207 314,524 272,923 87,458 495 1,747,151 SARDINE MEAL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS, SEASON 1943-44 Month San Francisco, tons Monterey, tons San Pedro, tons San Diego, tons Total, tons August, 1943 3,239 12,015 789 1,297 309 2,344 71 3,558 6,940 3,668 6,491 7,002 3,921 1,255 5 6,797 September ... 18,955 October 7,219 3,147 4,586 4,150 979 117 154 97 157 2 11,793 November.. December .. 11,089 11,994 January, 1944 February 10,572 2,307 March . . . 5 Totals 20,064 32,840 20,081 527 73,512 SARDINE OIL PRODUCTION BY MONTHS. SEASON 1943-44 Month San Francisco, gallons Monterey, gallons San Pedro, gallons San Diego, gallons Total, gallons August, 1943.. September October November December January, 1944. February March Totals- 811,233 3,247,398 224,920 353,538 50,100 322,338 9,289 779,287 1,715,873 749,362 1,411,859 1,254,368 539,941 127,681 45 1,075,203 373,732 436,781 212,325 37,121 5,018,816 6,578,416 2,135,162 16,397 19,638 6,603 7,939 40 50,617 1,590,520 4,963,271 2,065,882 2,158,767 1,747,852 1,082,543 174,131 45 13,783,011 108 PISH AND GAME COMMISSION SARDINE CATCH, CASE PACK, MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION For Sardine Packing Seasons Sardine Catch, Tons 1925-26. 1926-27. 1927-28. 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1938-39. 1939-40. 1940-41. 1941-42. 1942-43. 1943-44. San Francisco district 248 2,653 11,066 12,757 20,655 24,468 19,938 17,417 35,467 67,140 74,231 139,429 132,248 200,361 211,471 117,817 185,921 115,586 126,132 Monterey district 69,011 76,690 98,678 119,102 159,434 108,953 68,825 89,257 151,937 229,992 184,113 206,229 104,464 180,090 227,231 165,145 249,717 183,158 212,383 San Pedro district 61,992 64,216 67,459 119,180 140,432 38,580 42,557 83,492 124,950 178,755 138,333 137,914 109,015 145,335 93,081 170,559 146,285 199,750 132,317 San Diego district 5,214 3,973 1,394 2,079 1,488 4,859 10,489 4,569 107 2,790 95 1,188 1.540 2,847 2,690 Total 136,465 143,559 181,176 252,433 322,600 172,001 131,320 190,166 313,842 480,746 407,166 488,141 345,834 528,576 531,878 454,709 583,463 501,341 473,522 Sardines, 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases Season 1925-26. 1926-27. 1927-28. 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1938-39. 1939-40 1940-41. 1941-42. 1942-43 1943-44. San Francisco district 3,892 51,657 110,911 114,446 206,478 266,598 269,586 157,469 221,798 264,805 336,554 198,621 127,214 172,454 196,011 168,700 449,589 203,287 277,724 Monterey district 937,014 1,150,859 1,363,251 1,405,746 1,797,566 1,069,627 720,518 253,000 748,706 629,779 919,497 818,909 502,194 687,287 1,092,981 622,219 1,098,747 705,317 747,978 San Pedro district 968,495 986,858 878,175 1,140,488 1,493,615 403,041 470,796 321,794 526,540 591,759 680,103 629,802 553,306 630,998 545,182 672,780 633,298 491,690 377,420 San Diego district 66,074 39,380 12,383 16,551 Total 1,975,475 2,189,374 2,391,717 2,673,063 3,514,210 1,739,266 1,460,900 732,263 1,497,044 1,486,343 1,936,154 1,647,332 1,182,714 1,490,739 1,834,174 1,463,699 2,181,634 1,400,294 1,403,122 Other Size Cans Reduced to Equivalents of 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases beason Fratisco ^-/-f district '^'^*"'=* San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1925-26 1926-27 - 1927-28 40,825 69,886 79,224 69,932 8,381 5,129 9,846 12,025 39,597 42,986 33,763 51,658 90,628 119,713 405,120 209,878 147,763 1928-29 - -.- - . . 1929-30.. 1930-31 . . . 1931-32 I 1932-33 1933-34 . . - 1934-35 - . 1935-36 - - 1936-37 1937-38 1938-39 1939-40 1940-41 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44 35,956 21,673 14,160 45,778 90,238 176,384 43,816 10,815 113,842 142,535 594,191 469,296 326,543 376,076 670,420 597,627 1,331,057 724,335 815,058 16,361 63,264 145,143 173,540 458,416 170,388 159,066 75,775 331,631 222,661 627,117 819,859 756,369 655,303 539,666 934,975 1,236,037 1,370,383 783,633 13,065 31,995 10,368 12,552 5,396 13.058 19,856 9,573 1,040 80 452 1,266 697 65,382 84,937 232,123 299,572 640,430 416,704 211,263 91,719 460,715 390,279 1,280,761 1,341,714 1,117,715 1,083,037 1,300,794 1,652,767 2,973,480 2,304,596 1,747,151 THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT Sardine Meal, Tons 109 Season San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1925-26 20 228 1,183 1,387 2,282 2,716 2,303 2,297 5,073 10,571 11,604 23,686 23,058 34,751 36,324 20,541 29,935 19,114 20,064 6,393 6,447 9,355 12,395 16,671 11,490 7,825 14,370 22,206 36,396 26,933 31,867 15,383 28,859 34,568 25,805 36,309 28,255 32,840 5,962 5,962 7,128 14,802 16,258 4,317 4,911 14,060 19,166 29,836 19,422 18,735 14,525 22,066 12,145 24,560 18,590 29,015 20,081 467 12.842 1926-27 - --- 12,637 1927-28 -- -- 184 140 251 17.850 1928-29 - -- 28.724 1929-30 35.462 1930-31 - - 18.523 1931-32 15,039 1932-33 - - 30,727 1933-34 262 848 1,945 827 15 537 16 216 269 599 527 46,707 1934-35 77,651 1935-36 59,904 1936-37 75,115 1937-38 52,981 1938-39 86,213 1939-40 83,053 71,122 1941-42 - 85,103 76,983 1943-44 -.- 73,512 Sardine Oil, Gallons Season San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1925-26 . 2,629 60,967 257,989 288,055 474,530 763,643 612,181 574,958 1,175,401 2,514,588 3,196,286 5,509,905 4,659,147 7,804,909 9.313,706 4,809,853 7,162,343 4,467,454 5,018,816 1.110,983 1,501,384 1,601,993 2,651,524 3,887,472 3,363,912 2,143,101 3,761,387 4,819,900 9,379,239 6,854,372 6,814,184 3,067,587 5,462,066 7,090,963 5,197,570 7,222,683 5,590,335 6,578,416 658,817 682,796 711,579 2,178,815 1,986,704 630,011 762,701 2,161,476 3,242,899 4,865,486 2,939,863 1,898,134 1,447,631 2,197,757 984,851 2,369,300 2,088,695 3,049,132 2,135,162 43,995 'l0",253" 6,857 11.071 1.816,424 1926-27 2,245.147 1927-28 2,581.814 1928-29 5,125,251 1929-30 . 6,359,777 1930-31 4,757,566 1931-32 . 3,517,983 1932-33 6,497,821 1933-34- 24,303 111,252 210,171 77,700 912 37,325 472 21,587 25,244 41,862 50,617 9,262,503 1934-35 . 16,870,565 1935-36 13,200,692 1936-37 14,299,923 1937-38 -. 9,175,277 1938-39 . - 15,502,057 1939-40 17,389,992 1940-41 12,398,310 1941-42 . 16,498,965 1942-43 13,148,783 1943-44 . 13,783,011 Sardine Oil Production, Gallons per Ton Season San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district 1930-31 47.5 47.1 43.0 39.6 41.7 49.9 41.3 36.3 40.2 45.5 43.8 43.8 42.4 43.5 43.2 43.1 45.6 37.0 44.5 46.8 39.1 36.6 35.6 38.7 38.6 38.2 38.0 38.0 26.3 28.5 29.1 31.3 30.7 27.9 18.9 19.3 19.8 15.5 18.7 21.9 19.9 20.7 1931-32 . 1932-33 . 1933-34... 17.7 1934-35 24.7 1935-36-- . . 21.0 1936-37 17.9 1937-38 U.l 1938-39 13.4 1939-40 5.0 1940-41 18.3 1941-42 16 7 1942-43 14.7 1943-44... 18.9 110 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION CASE PACK, MEAL AND OIL PRODUCTION FOR CALENDAR YEARS 1928-1944 Sardines, 1-Lb. Ovals, Cases Year San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1928 109,198 204,878 237,159 307,575 125,737 239,917 292,216 301,455 225,185 101,912 164,559 225,462 178,316 459,454 164,452 270,005 228,561 1,402,237 1,834,648 1,342,249 696,640 334,019 598,616 798,942 825,011 864,498 577,405 556,477 1,023,285 755,639 1,142,052 638,343 775,446 822,836 945,676 1,438,159 863,254 498,996 415,874 365,750 531,619 615,808 586,038 761,776 600,532 627,524 664,241 689,210 619,881 400,504 434,414 39,755 12,225 15,500 2,496,966 3,489,910 2,458,162 1,503,211 S75 630 1929-.- 1930 1931 1932 1933 1,204,283 1,622,777 1,742,274 1,675,721 1,441,093 1934 1935 1936 . _ 1937 1938 1 321 568 1939 1,876,271 1940__ 1 598 196 1941__. 2,290,716 1942_ 1,422,676 1943.. 1,445,955 1,485,811 1944 Sardines, Other Size Cans, Cases Year San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1928 82,207 71,546 79,108 17,929 4,366 10,226 8,505 28,383 66,421 18,290 45,059 96,331 138,571 436,487 188,617 140,547 281,470 49,022 77,340 160,293 77,785 23,719 81,458 125,740 477,103 505,865 411,817 385,580 647,743 664,801 1,424,558 712,811 893,335 979,491 153,376 286,135 346,472 192,641 90,489 116,301 284,241 273,565 549,679 1,099,513 693,000 705,588 786,484 1,240,748 1,521,396 919,572 987,888 33,759 16,528 25,489 3,425 7,641 10,592 10,463 11,437 22,863 12,491 19,056 229 37 2,775 1,285 697 318,364 451,549 611,362 291.780 126,215 218,577 428,949 790,488 1,144,828 1,542,111 1,142,695 1,449,891 1,589,893 3,104,568 2,424,109 1,954,151 2 248 849 1929 1930 1931 .. . 1932 1933 1934 1935. 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941. ....'.. 1942 1943 1944 Fish Meal, Tons Year San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 192S 1,589 2,576 3,375 3,597 ■ 2,435 4,941 11,138 12,994 24,693 22,916 31,773 43,369 21,256 32.773 17,748 19,682 24,452 10,986 16,640 13,752 8,416 12,560 18,869 34,492 27,966 30,431 21,118 25,202 33,238 28,004 38,875 25,170 33,626 42,452 12,923 20,040 13,653 7,600 9,846 18,249 27,236 31,163 23,588 29,184 24,209 21,858 29,542 25,832 31,633 24,383 34,945 2,367 3,565 4,859 2,827 2,659 4,310 4,858 6,572 7,655 8,300 6,732 6,704 7,335 5,332 4,452 4,300 5,283 27,865 42,821 35,639 22,440 1929-.- 1930 1931 1932 27,500 46,369 77,724 78,695 86,267 81,518 87,916 105,169 86,137 1933 1934 1935 - . -_ 1936 - 1937 1938 . 1939 1940. -.-• - , 1941 102,812 1942 79,003 1943.. .-- 81,991 1944 --- 107,132 Includes meal produced from sardines and other soecies of fish, and residuum from stickwater. THIRTY-EIGHTH BIENNIAL REPORT 111 Fish Oil. Gallons Year San Francisco district Monterey district San Pedro district San Diego district Total 1928 282,043 454,726 747,931 726,514 426,831 933,696 2,490,156 3,106,785 5,626,422 4,431,668 7,032,792 10,395,398 4,831,500 7,429,493 4,183,492 4,979,798 5,722,966 2,174,673 3,750,392 3,769,950 2,372,303 3,378,929 4,209,366 9,322,080 6,734,305 6,756,541 4,122,817 4,753,160 6,894,201 5,745,120 7,537,870 5,219,441 6,652,715 8,509,678 1,268,518 2,280,991 1,282,893 818,364 1,293,961 2,585,784 4,221,447 3,821,566 2,834,887 2,578,600 2,126,661 1,594,122 2,509,291 2,627,959 3,146,680 2,262,889 3,903,785 24,068 62,017 41,989 7,511 25,678 58,948 94,525 261,482 260,059 191,757 130,606 96,806 129,079 81,876 137,027 120,777 133,356 3,749,302 1929 6,548,126 1930 5,842,763 1931 3,924,692 1932 5,125,399 1933 7,787,794 1934 16,128,208 1935 13,924,138 1936 15,477,909 1937 --- 11,324,842 1938 14,043,219 1939 1 18,980,527 1940 13,214,990 1941 - - -- 17,677,198 1942 12,686,640 14,016,179 1944 18,269,785 Includes oil produced from sardines and other species of fish, except vitamin oil from livers. 52283 12-45 2500 ^^