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Mb:so(/rces Building, Room 117

1416 - 9th Street

Sacramento, California

95814

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

WARREN T. HANNUM, Director

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE

DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

FOR THE YEARS 1 946-1 948

CONTENTS

Page

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 7

REPORTS

Fish and Game Commission 9

Executive Officer , 11

Bureau of Patrol and LaAv Enforcement 16

Bureau of Marine Fisheries 20

Bureau of Fish Conservation 50

Bureau of Game Conservation 65

Bureau of Licenses 74

APPENDIX 77

Statement of Expenditures and Revenue 79-104

Arrests, Fines and Seizures 105

Marine Fisheries Statistics 109

Fish Distribution and Rescue 113-115

Game Statistics 116

Game Bird Releases 118

(3)

DEDICATION

To state officials and legislators who have lahored diligently to
achieve a wise conservation policy for the protection of our natural
resources, to the hunters, anglers and commercial fishermen who
have harvested a portion of our crop of gam.e and fish, and to other
citizens who have enjoyed the great ojitdoors and association with
the wildlife of the Golden State, this hiennial report of accomplish-
ments and progress is dedicated. May its perusal result in a firmer
alliance of those who are striving for the protection and development
of the wildlife resources of California.

(4)

Warren T. Hannum

DIRECTOR OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Harvey E. Hastain

PRESIDENT. FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Lee F. Payne

COMMISSIONER

William J. Silva

COMMISSIONER

AUL Denny

COMMISSIONER

Edwin L. Carty

COMMISSIONER

E. L. Macaulay

EXECUTIVE OFFICER

(H)

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

July 1, 1948
To His Excellency, Earl Warren

Governor of the State of California
Sacramento, California

Sir : We, the members of the Fish and Game Commission, respect-
fullv submit the Fortieth Biennial Report, covering the period July 1,
1946, through June 30, 1948.

The report is a brief resume of the activities of the Fish and Game
Commission ; a repo^'t by the Executive Officer ; and detailed reports of
the functions of the various bureaus by their respective chiefs. There
also are included complete fiscal reports and tabulations on fish and
game management.

Respectfully submitted,

California Fish and Game Commission
Harvey E. Hastain, President
Lee F. Payne
William J. Silva
Paul Denny
Edwin L. Carty

(7)

REPORT OF THE FISH AND GAME
COMMISSION

At the start of the biennium, tlie Fisli and Game Commission con-
sisted of :

Lee F. Pajaie, President Los Angeles

William J. Silva Modesto

>V. B. AVilliams Alturas

Harvey E. Hastain Brawley

IL H. Arnold Sonoma

Personnel changes in the Commission as effected during the I'oHow-
ing two years were :

Paul Denny, of Etna, appointed June 19, 1947, vice

W. B. Williams, term expired.
Edwin L. Carty, of Oxnard, appointed April 27, 1948, vice
II. H. Arnold, resigned April 6, 1948.

At the close of the biennium, tlie membership of the Commission
was as follows :

Harvey E. Hastain, President Term expires 1951

William J. Silva Term expires 1950

Lee F. Payne Term expires 1952

Paul Dennv Term expires 1953

Edwin L. Carty Term expires 1949

E. L. Macaulay was appointed Executive Officer of the Commission,
Mav 10, 1948, following the resignation of Emil J. N. Ott, Jr., on April
30, '1948.

LEGISLATION

A few changes in the Regulatory Power Act were made by the Leg-
islature during the 1947 Session :

(1) Meetings of the Commission in relation to establishing hunt-
ing regulations were advanced from the month of June to Ajiril.

(2) The act itself was extended for another two-year period.

Two other measures of considerable imi)ortance were enacted, tlic
Wildlife Conservation Act of 1947, and the Pacific Marine Fisheries
Compact. The value of both these enactments will be realized for many
years to come by the commission, the division, sportsmen and tlio.se
connected with the commercial fishing industry.

To best illustrate the intention of the Wildlife Conservation Act
and its widespread purposes, we quote the first section thereof :

"It is hereby declared that the preservation, protection and restoration <>f wildlife
resources within the State of California is an inseparable part of providin;,' ade(|iiate
recreation for our people in the interest of public welfare; and it is declared to be the
policy of the State to acquire and restore to tlie highest possible level, and maintain
in a state of hifth productivity those areas th:it can be most successfully used to sustain
wildlife and which will provide :ide(|nate and snital)le recreation. Ti> carry out the

(9)

10 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

aforesaid purposes, a single and coordinated program for the acquisition of lands and
facilities suitable for recreational purposes and adaptable for conservation, propaga-
tion and utilization of fish and game resources of the State is hereby established."

With these laudable purposes, the Leg'islature created in the Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, the Wildlife Conservation Board, consisting
of three members : The President and Executive Officer of the Fish and
Game Commission and the Director, Department of Finance. An advisory
committee of three Senators and three Assemblymen was also estab-
lished.

The powers of the board and certain rules of procedure were out-
lined, and a companion bill enacted to provide from the revenue of the
Horse Racing Fund the sum of $3,000,000 per year for three years for
the board to use in carrying out the purposes as expressed in the act.

Proposed projects were to be thoroughly investigated and appraised,
and, upon approval by the board, assigned to the Fish and Game Commis-
sion, with necessary funds for acquisition and construction of facilities.

This "aid to wildlife" will permit the commission's regular revenue
from license fees, fines, etc., to be used for the operation and mainte-
nance of the many installations required by the tremendously increased
number of hunters and anglers.

The Pacific Marine Fisheries Compact was enacted to enable the
State of California to cooperate with the states of Oregon and Wash-
ington in the formation of a Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission.

The purposes of the "compact" are to promote the better utiliza-
tion of fisheries which are of mutual concern, and to develop a joint
program of protection and prevention of physical waste of such areas
of the Pacific Ocean over which the above-named states have jurisdiction,
and to prepare and present legislation to carry out the finding of the
commission in the respective states.

The economic value of this agreement will result in continued oper-
ation of the commercial fishing industry and its allied industries for
many years to come, as regulations for seasons, take, etc., will be based
on the research findings and statistics of the coastal states.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 11

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER

With the start of the new biennium, the Bureau of Game Farms
was abolished, following the retirement of its Chief, August Bade. The
supervision and management of the farm was assigned as a function of
the Bureau of Game Conservation.

The plan of reorganization of the functions and activities of the
various bureaus of the division, prepared during the previous biennium,
has been effected, with such additional changes as developed, for greater
efficiency in administration and management.

The following personnel changes are worthy of note :

Bureau of Patrol :

L. F. Chappell appointed Chief, May 10, 1948

A. A. Jordan appointed Assistant Chief, August 1, 1947

S. K. Gilloon appointed Assistant Chief, April 1, 1948

0. P. Brownlow retired, December 31, 1946

Walter Engelke retired October 31, 1947

Walter Emerick retired April 1, 1948

Walter R. Krukow, deceased, April 20, 1947

Bureau of Marine Fisheries :

Richard S. Croker appointed Chief, September 1, 1946
S. H. Dado, retired, June 30, 1948

Bureau of Fish Conservation :

Earl Leitritz, appointed Supervisor of Fish Hatcheries, October
16, 1947, vice A. E. Burghduff, retired, October 15, 1947

Bureau of Game Conservation :

Ben Glading appointed Assistant Chief, August 25, 1947, vice
Gordon H. True, Jr., retired, August 1, 1946

CONSERVATION EDUCATION

During the biennium, several of our silent motion pictures were
reedited into shorter versions, and sounded. "More Trout for the Creel,"
showing a few typical fish hatcheries, methods of propagation and plant-
ing in lakes and streams became very popular and continues as a most
interesting and educational project. Picturing and describing the con-
struction and use of the watering devices, "More Quail for the Deserts"
is a very fine film for instructional purposes. "Game Farms and Ring-
necks" shows the production program of our game farms and the release
of pheasants. "Sardines for Supper" well illustrates the commercial
fishing, canning, and processing industries.

The sounding of our pictures enabled loaning of these films without
the necessity of our personnel taking projection equipment, thus effect-
ing considerable saving in travel expense, and at the same time providing
greater distribution and use, by adult groups, and in school assemblies.

12 PISII AND GAME COMMISSION

Films and projection etiuipineiit Avere supplied for the San Fran-
cisco, Sacramento and Los An<ieles offices.

Showings by personnel of these offices and b}^ loans approximated
the following:

Schools . 210

Sportsmen 's clubs 135

Service organizations 175

Other groups 70

590

Attendance at these showings and at meetings where our personnel
were requested to speak on definite topics is estimated at close to 97,000
men, women and children.

Plans are under way for additional films, and revisions of some
present subjects, in order to obtain greater use in school classes, and
increasing the knowledge of California's wildlife resources and the
division's activities in conservation, propagation and management.

PUBLIC INFORMATION

Despite the personnel turnover, the public information section of
the division was considerably improved. The need for a vigorous infor-
mational program was recognized, and the support of the various bureaus
of the division was given in supplying data of interest to sportsmen and
laymen.

The press release ' ' Outdoor California ' ' was expanded from a one-
page affair to an average of five mimeographed pages per week with a
mailing list of over 3,000 names. Selected radio stations and newspaper
columnists were included in an effort to obtain wider dissemination of
conservation news material. Many editors were supplied with stock pho-
tographs portraying hunting, fishing or conservation activities.

The i<icrvice Bulletin, a publication for our own personnel, Avas
I'cvived, and became a medium of useful information for the employees
ol' tliis di\ision.

This section ])articipated in displays at the 1!)47 State Fair, and at
sp()i-tsiiien-sj)onsured shows in Oakland, San Francisco and Los Angeles.

Experiences gained during this past biennium clearly indicate the
necessity for better relations between the commission, its personnel, and
the license-buying public, in the iiresentation of information, educa-
tional or otherwise. This will establish llic public's faith that the com-
mission is only concerned in the welfare of the wildlife of California,
that the hnntei-s and anglers may have opi)()i't unities to obtain their fail*
share, and that the coming generations, too, may enjoy some of the
pri\ileges we now have.

LIBRARY

The library, under the supervision of the executive officer, continued
to cari'y out the division's policy of furnishing assistance to the field
and office force in furtherance of their studies and problems connected
with fish and game.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL. REPORT 13

During the biennial period, the inventorj^ included 4,036 bound
volumes and 9,588 scientific pamphlets; all having been catalogued, they
form a sizeable, valuable, bibliographical collection.

Many requests from sportsmen, schools, and the general public for
free copies of division publications, and for reprints from CaJifoniia
Fish and Game were received and processed. The lending section of the
library has increased proportionately with the growtli in number of
employees.

PUBLICATIONS

Eight issues of the quarterly magazine California Fish and Game
were published during the biennium, with 5,000 copies being printed
of each issue. A total of 542 pages were necessary for the 73 artich^s of
scientific value, the many "news notes," reports, fiscal statements,
indexes to volumes, and lists of personnel. Increased interest of hunters
and fishermen in division activities, plus added enrollments in colleges
have increased the demands for this worth-while periodical.

FISCAL

Complete financial statements foi- the biennium will be fonnd in
the appendix of this report. However, the following graphic charts show
in summary the receipts and disbursements for the two-year period.

Attention is called to the fact that these charts are made up in accoi'd-
ance with the internal sti-ucture of the divisi(m, and, that in regard to
purpose of expenditure, there is considerable overlapping of functions.
From the charts, it looks as though the Bureaus of Patrol and Licenses
were "sponging" off the revenue of the other bureaus; whereas, if it
were not for their activities there would be but very little revenue derived
from sales of hunting and fishing licenses.

14

FISH AND flAME COMMISSION

FISH AND GAME PRESERVATION FUND

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
98th FISCAL YEAR

JULY 1,1946 TO JUNE 30, 1947

REVENUE $3,556,426.26

] DISBURSEMENTS $3,142,809.62

$ 2,000,000

$ 1,500,000

^ 1,000,000

o
o

00

o

$ 500,000

BUREAU

FISH
I CONSERVATION

I CONSERVATION

MA R INC
FISHERIES

LICENSES

ADMINISTRATION

Fioi'Ki: 1

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

15

FISH AND GAME PRESERVATION FUND

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
99th FISCAL YEAR

JULY 1,1947 TO JUNE 30, 1948

REVENUE

DISBURSEMENTS

$ 4,335,994. 15
$4,016, 136.36

S2.500.000

^2, 000,000

:j

$ 1.500,000

"I-

in
in

OJ

o

^ 1,000,000

$ 500,000

o

t

BUREAU

FISH
CONSE R VATION

GAME
CONSERVATION

MARINE
FISHERIES

LICENSES

ADMINISTRATION

Figure 2

16 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

BUREAU OF PATROL AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT

E. L. Macaulay was appointed Executive Officer of the Fish and
Game Commission on May 10, 1948, and the writer assumed the duties
of Chief of Patrol at that time.

The total number of arrests, convictions and fines in the present
biennium have increased tremendously over that of the previous one.
Arrests totaled 11,331, or an average of more than 15 per day, for the
two-year period. Fines totaled $476,367, or an average of more than $42
per case. This represents nearly 100 percent increase over the previous
biennium. All fish and game enforcement agencies of the Country have
experienced similar increases in violations of the conservation laws. In
California, a part of this can be attributed to an unprecedented increase
in population (estimated for 1949 to be over 10,000,000), and from a
historical stHnd])()int, an aftermath of war.

No one is naive enough to believe that there will ever be a time
when fish and game laws will be observed by the entire public without
rigid enforcement. It is axiomatic that the laws of the Legislature, and
the regulations of the commission are no stronger than their enforcement.
This feature of conservation calls for expensive equipment, and with the
advent of the five-day w^eek, increased personnel to accomplish results.

The patrol areas of the State consist of the following :

1. The coastal area : Del Norte County to and including Monterey
County ; headquarters, San Francisco.

2. Northern California area : The Counties of Modoc, Lassen, Siski-
you, Shasta, Trinity and Tehama; headquarters. Redding.

3. Sacramento area includes all the counties in the Sacramento
Valley, and Sierra Nevada Mountains from Tehama, Lassen, and Shasta
Counties, south to and including El Dorado and Sacramento Counties;
headquarters, Sacramento.

4. The San Joaquin area includes counties in the San Joaquin
Valley and Sierra Nevada Mountains, south of El Dorado and Sacra-
mento Counties to and including Kern County, but excluding Mono
County; head(|uarters, Fresno.

5. The Southern California area includes San Luis Obispo, Santa
Barbara, A^entura, Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, Imperial, Riverside,
San Bernardino, Inyo, and Mono Counties ; headquarters, Los Angeles.

6. The lUMrine area consists of the entii'e coast line fi-om the Mexican
border to the Oregon line, and th(> commercial fisliing areas of the Sac-
ramento, and the San Joaquin Rivers; heathiuarters, San Francisco.

Each of these areas is under the dii'ect supervision of an assistant
chief of piiti-ol, and is further broken down into patrol captain districts.
At the ])fes('nt lime there ai"e 16 caj^tains and a total of 170 wardens
and assistant wardens, as well as one warden-])il()t. Thirty of the assistant
wardens mentioned wrvo ])la('e(l on the pay loll on .luiie 1, 1948, as a
result of the five-day week ]'e(|ui)-ement.

Two ol" the pi'csent patrol areas Avere created during the biennium
just concluded; the Northern California area, and the San Joaquin

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 17

area. These were formerly a part of tlie Sacramento patrol district.
Captain Jordan of Reddinp", and Captain Gilloon of Fresno, were pro-
moted to fill the positions of assistant chief in tliese areas.

The following wardens were promoted to captains during the
bienninm :

Jay Cox Alturas Walter Shannon Los Anj;ples

Ellis Berry Tulare Ijee Shea Santa Rosa

Willard Greenwald La Mesa Howard Shebley Independence

Leslie Lahr Eureka A. L. Stager Redding

Wm. La Marr Altaville

Following is the list of personnel retired during the bienninm
period :

Name Date of retirement

Warden Fred Starr July 31, 1946

Warden Earl Caldwell October 31, 1946

Captain O. P. Brownlow December 31, 1!)4(>

Warden E. H. Glidden June 9, 1947

Warden V. A. Bullard : June 30, 1947

Captain Walter Engelke June 30, 1947

Warden X. C. Kunkel December 31, 1947

AVarden Walter Emeriok March 31, 1948

Assistant Chief H. C. Jackson June 30, 1948

Warden W. C. Malone June 30, 1948

We are especially grieved to report the loss of Warden Walter
Kriikow who met his death in line of duty on April 2, 1947. He was shot
near Redding by an irresponsible youth, whom he had reprimanded for
a violation of the fishing laws. Warden K. Carl Lund was found dead
from asphyxiation in a state car on June 14, 1948.

The wardens' school of instruction was inaugurated in this bien-
ninm ; the first one being held at Wheeler's Hot Springs, Ventura County,
in February and March, 1947, under the capable supervision and man-
agement of Assistant Chief of Patrol H. C. Jackson. Forty wardens
and assistant wardens attended this school. The second and third schools
were held at Asilomar, Monterey County, in January and June, 1948.
A total of 73 attended these meetings. The results of these schools have
proven most satisfactory^, and will be continued. To the other bureaus
of the division, attornej's, county and state agencies who contributed to
the success of this program, the Bureau of Patrol extends sincere thanks.

The wardens reserve force now numbers 86, including the mai'ine
reserve patrol. These men have been unselfish with tliei)- time, in lending
assistance to the regular patrol whenever requested. These groups arc
principally in Southern California, composed of sincere sportsmen,
anxious to do their bit without regard to personal benefits in an effort to
protect fish and game for all the people.

An effort has been made during this bienninm to reequip the Marine
Patrol. This branch suffered extreme depletion during the war. The
following replacements, and additions have been made :

The patrol boat "Albacore" was purcha.sed in March, 1948, and is
being reconditioned for patrol work on the north coast. This hull was
formerly a Coast Guard cutter, 88 feet in length. The gas engines have
been removed, and it will now be powered with two 500 hor.sepower

18

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Figure 3. Purchased in i;'4.-. iiom Coast Guard surplus stocks, the speedy 83-foot
M. V. "Albacore" is employed by the Bureau of Patrol in Pacific Ocean waters between
Monterey and the Oregon state line. It is equipped witli radar, radio-telephone, and other
up-to-date marine equipment. Power is provided by twin 500 horsepower diesel engines.
The second vessel to bear the name, the "Albacore's" home port is San Francisco

diesel engines. This vessel will have a complement of six men, and a
cruising radius of 1,200 miles. It will be capable of remaining at sea
for the longer period of time necessary in the patrol of ocean waters
of the north coast. The bureau has been lacking in patrol of these waters
for a number of years. This vessel will be in operation early in the fall
of 1948.

Two 63-foot aircraft rescue vessels were purchased near the close
of the biennium. These vessels will replace two of the 45-foot boats which
have been in service since 1937, and which will be sold because of obso-
lescence. The fast 63-foot vessels are equipped with two 630-horsepower
gas engines, radio and radar, and will be used principally in southern
waters for policing closed areas. These boats have been named the "Blue-
fin" and the "Marlin."

The '2fi-foot twin engine patrol boat "Skipjack" was purchased in
•111 no, 1947, and is used for coast and harbor patrol on the south coast
and Catalina Island.

Two small 23-foot Chris-Craft boats were purchased in June, 1947;
one, the "Bass," was stationed at IVIillerton Lake and early this year
transferred to the .Sacramento River for patrol of that area; the other,
the "Grunion," is stationed at San Pedro, and is used on pollution and
other inshore patrol.

Considerable difficulty has been ex]')erienced in securing automotive
equipment for field work, caused largely by the inability of the suppliers
to make deliveries. Ten jeeps were purchased at the close of the fiscal
year. Two were placed in charge of each assistant chief. Should this type
of equipment prove satisfactory, additions will be requested in the next
budget.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

19

Figure 4. C-45 Beechcraft assigned to Bureau of Patrol and L.aw Enforcement
(also used by other bureaus as required)

A Model C-45 Beechcraft twin engine airplane was purchased in
April, 1948. This plane will be used by all bureaus to cscrry on aerial
reconnaissance and observation. It will supplement the Fairchild single
engine plane now in use.

The plan for the use of state radios has not been perfected at the
time of this report. Considerable success has been achieved with them in
the northern patrol area, particularly in Shasta, Siskiyou, Modoc and
Lassen Counties. Sheriff's radios were installed, and maintained in most
of the cars of wardens in the coastal area from Humljoldt County to
Monterey County.

The bureau wishes to extend its appreciation to the various courts,
newspapers and periodicals throughout the State which have so gener-
ously supported the program of law enforcement. Five hundred dolhir
fines and numerous jail sentences are not unusual for violations of the
Fish and Game Code.

It is a rule of the bureau that all reports of violations receive imme-
diate attention. Our efforts will continue in cooperation with local author-
ities and conservationists in every way possible towards rendering fish
and game law violations an expensive risk.

A recapitulation of the arrests, fines and seizures will be found in
the appendix, on page 105.

20

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
MARINE FISHERIES

The responsibility for the conservation and administration of the
ocean fisheries of California is in the hands of the Bureau of Marine
Fisheries. The bureau conducts biological and statistical studies of the
marine sport and commercial fisheries ; and with the information thus
gathered and analyzed, is able to make recommendations to the Fish and
Game Connnission and the Legislature for wise conservation measures.

In order to maintain an ever-expanding fishery which is exploiting
an ever-shrinking resource, the bureau's research efforts have been
redoubled, and our staff is constantly seeking the answers to the perplex-
ing problems of changing abundance. AVith the return of many staff
members, and the research vessel from war service, and with the addition
of new research men, we are now able to carry on our program on some-
thing like the scale that the demands of the fishery require.

California's ocean commercial and sport fisheries still lead those of
all the other states. While the sport fishery increased by leaps and bounds
following wartime curtailment, the commercial fisliery declined consid-
erably in volume during the bieuuium. However, the value in dollars
continued to rise.

1

60

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

^jb

-

/-

50

-

/ -

1600

4'j
4(J

/V^ -

1^00
1400

J'j

- ^ \

\

1300

o

c
o

5 20

\
\
\

1200.^
c
o

Q.

1100

c
o

1000 5

'••

-

V -

900

K,

-

\^

800

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

700

1 I' 'I 1

\J *J ^ 'J 'J

ot oi c\ {r> <T>

Figure 5. Value and pounrtagp of California comnii r( i:il lish catch, 1939-1947. Value

rfprt-Sfnts fnTinnnt r'aid to the fishermen at time of delivi-r.v. Note how vnlne.s have con-

linui (1 to increase while catches have dropped

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

21

The total commercial catch dropped in 1946, and tumbled further
in 1947 (see Figure 5) . The decline was due almost entirely to the collapse
of the sardine industry. AVith an expanded fleet fishing- intensively,
catches dropped because of lowered abundance of the sardines. The
demand for this fish for canning was better than ever, and most of the
fish was canned. Prices for oil and meal were low, and there was little
inducement for the reduction industry, even if sardines had been avail-
able. By contrast, the tuna industry continued to expand, and catches
reached record proportions. The mackerel fishery showed good gains,
with the jack mackerel replacing the Pacific mackerel in a sensational
rise. Anchovy and squid catches increased markedly as canners sought
to augment slim sardine landings. The salmon fishery continued in a
healthy condition, and catches of bottom fishes remained on a high level.
(See Table 2.)

A general increase in the prices paid to the fishermen for all species
of fish, plus the increase in landings of high-priced tuna, resulted in a
continued rise in value of our fisheries. (See Figures 5 and 6.) Value
records of $36,000,000 and $39,000,000 set in 1944 and 1945, and at the
time deemed impressive, were left far behind as 1946 saw catches valued
at $45,000,000 brought into California ports. This figure was in turn
eclipsed by the tremendous valuation of $60,000,000 for 1947 catches.
Of this amount, the yellowfin tuna alone accounted for $23,000,000. (See
Table 2.)

1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

/

/

TC

/
VALUE OF CALIFORNIA FISHERIES /

30

/ "
/

/

25

"

/
/

,.20

—

/

O

o

^

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/

° 15

—

2

^^^'^ts ...--'■■■'"

10

^^

"^\^ — -'"^^^^'^'^ ,AL.L. OTHERS^..--"" ^■■-^'^^^^^ ~

5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

°m

O - c-J -^ -^ "^ * e

^t'T'3-^'^SS,

<T>

J, (Ti m Oi en (J^ ?,T

Figure 6. Value of California's two leading fisheries, compared to all otliers. Tuna
includes albacore, yellowfin, bluefin, skipjack, and bonito. The great rise in total value
shown in the chart on Figure 5 is accounted for in great measure by tne tuna fishery.
Because of increased prices, the decline in the value of the sardine fishery Is not nearly

so great as the drop in tonnage

22 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Production of canned fish reached record proportions during the
biennium, showing a considerable gain over the previous two years. The
10,000,000-case pack of 1947 was a notable figure, considering the light
sardine catch. Production of fish meal and oil took a great drop because
of the failure of the sardine fishery.

Accompanying the increase in value of the fish to the fishermen was
a comparable increase in the value of the processed product. The sensa-
tional gain in wholesale value from $79,000,000 in 1945 to $132,000,000
in 1947 was due to the increase in the high-priced tuna pack and to the
inflated prices that all canned fish are commanding. The fishing industry
of California has truly become a multi-million dollar business.

The 1947 catch was made by 12,894 commercial fishermen, and was
processed by 13,161 plant workers. The number of fishermen increased
steadily from 10,871 in 1944-45 to 12,894 in 1947-48 (see Tables 3 and 4) .
This increase was accounted for entirely by United States born fishermen,
as the number of foreign-born fishers remained constant. As a matter of
fact, Norwegian-born fishermen have numbered exactly 454 for the last
three years.

SARDINE

The sardine fishery suffered a severe collapse during the biennium.
The 1946-47 catch was approximately half that of the previous season
which was the lowest on record since the expansion of the fishery. In
spite of the industry's hopes that the slump was temporary, the 1947-48
season brought a further drop, to the insignificant figure of 115,000
tons (see Figure 7). The effect of this decline was catastrophic to fisher-
men, boat owners, plant owners, and cannery workers alike. In despera-

CALIFORNIA SARDINE LANDINGS

L

Figure 7 Tons of sardines landed at all California ports during the past 10 seasons.
The total for 1938-39 includes deliveries to the floating plants. After this season the
floaters ceased operations. The decline of the sardine fishery has been httle short of

catastrophic

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 23

tion, the industry turned to every available species of fish that could be
canned, and record-breaking- packs of jack mackerel, herrino;, anchovies,
and S(piid Avere produced. Expanded exploitation of these species has
constituted an additional threat to their future abundance.

During both seasons the fisheries at San Francisco and ^Monterey
failed almost completely. Virtually the entire purse seine fieet deserted
the Ashless northern waters, and concentrated their activities in Southern
California. As a consequence, landings were heavy at San Pedro in
1946-47, but even the t^-emendous fishing effort could not maintain the
catch the following year. Trial shipments of sardines by ti'uck were made
from Southern California ports to ^Monterey in 1946-47. Consitlerable
tonnages were trucked the following season, some as far as San Fran-
cisco. Most of the fish arrived in good condition for canning. Extremely
high prices for canned fish made this expensive procedure possible, and
kept the Monterey canneries from closing.

Practically' all the fish taken during the last two seasons were used
for canning. The high price of the raw fish, and low prices prevailing for
oil and meal, coupled with the scarcity of fish, made the operation of
reduction plants unprofitable. Production of sardine meal dropped from
31,000 tons in 1946-47 to 13,500 tons in 1947-48. At the same time,
sardine oil production declined from 4,100,000 gallons to 1,700,000.

Because of the major crisis experienced by the sardine fishery, nuich
of the effort of tlie research staff was directed toward explaining the
reasons for the failure to the industry, and toward finding ways in
which to rehabilitate the sardine population and prevent further collapse.

Results of the investigations extending over 30 years were sum-
marized and distributed in mimeograph form. These studies showed that
the sardine fishery could not continue to expand, and that peak produc-
tion had been reached by 1937. Stated briefly, the reasons for decline are
a drop in abundance brought about by extremely heavy fislung, accom-
panied by a succession of many seasons of very poor spawning. Although
this information had been published several years earlier, and had been
repeated regularly, most of the industry was not prepared for the
disaster.

Leaders in the industry realized, however, that if the fishery were
to be rehabilitated, expanded research beyond the facilities of the Bureau
of Marine Fisheries would be necessary. Through their efforts, additional
funds were made available to other agencies, by the Legislature, and
much time and effort has been expended in coordinating the work of the
bureau with that of The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences and the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service. By the end of the biennium, a well-organized program had been
set up under the guidance of the newly-authorized Marine Research
Committee which is composed of members of the industry as well as of
the Fish and Game Commission. The expanded work will concentrate on
the collection of physical, chemical, and biological data at sea, and the
subsequent analysis of this oceanographic information. In addition to
the studies to be carried out by these agencies, the Bureau of Marine
Fisheries acquired a second research vessel which will spend the major
part of her time on this oceanographic work.

24 nSII AND GAME COMMISSION

Routine sardine investigations were continued throughout the bien-
nium. These comprise analyses of the size and age composition of the
catcli, and a measure of the average catcJi of the fishing fleet. For all of
California, the monthly catch of an average vessel in 1946-47 was 50 jjer-
cent below that of the previous season, and in 1947-48 again dropped
almost 50 percent below ]94()-47. The greatest decline occurred off San
Francisco where fish were so scarce the fleet could no longer operate.
At Monterey the decline was almost 80 percent in 1946-47, and in 1947-48
not enough boats were fishing to permit calculations of an average.
Fishing in Southern California was relatively successful, but there also
the average monthly catch in 1946-47 was only 65 percent of the previous
season, and in 1947-48 dropped to 45 percent.

Not only did the tonnage landed by the fishermen decline, but the
larger fish became less and less abundant on the fishing grounds. This
was a continuation of a trend which has been going on for some years.
In the early history of the fishery, sardines as old as- 15 years were
frequently taken, and the industry depended largely on fish of four to
10 years. In the past two seasons fish of five years and older comprised
only about 5 percent of the total, and over 65 percent were one and two
year-olds. The results of the age composition studies carried on in cooper-
ation with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been summarized and
published in Fish Bulletin 69.

The M. V. "N. B. Scofield" made one trip into Mexican waters in
March and April of 1948 to check reports that sardines were abundant
south of the usual fishing grounds. Waters were surveyed as far south
as San Domingo Point. No great abundance of fish was found north of
Point San Eugenio. Former studies and tagging experiments have
indicated that sardines from these northern Mexican waters mingle with
the California population. A greater abundance of sardines was observed
southward between Point San Eugenio and San Domingo Point. Counts
of the vertebrae of fish collected in this area confirm former studies that
this more southern sardine population makes little if any contribution
to the California fishery.

Realizing that some sort of regulation would be necessary if the
sardine fishery were ever to recover, tlie industr}- chose a Sardine Indus-
try Advisory Committee to work with the bureau and advise the Fish
and Game Commission. Two objectives were set up : A temporary pro-
gram of regulation for the 1948-49 season within the framework of
existing legislation; and a Jong-i-ange legishitive program of c(mserva-
tion. Real progress was made in reconciling divergent ideas, and the
temporary program embodying a size limit and a limitation in the number
of fishing da.ys was presented to the connnission and adopted immediately
following the close of the bienninm. Work on the legislative program is
coiitiuuing, with most of the industry now aware of the uncertain future,
and realizing that only by taking drastic measures can the fishery survive.

In view of the expanded fisheries for anchovies and herring, the
sardine staff extench'd their work to include the collection of length
measurements and scale samples from these two species. This constitutes
a start toward life-historv and abundance studies.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

25

TUNA

The period covered by this report was one of reconversion and expan-
sion in the tuna industry. With the decline in the sardine fisliery, and
a tremendously expanded market for canned tuna, the attention of the
industry at the close of the war appeared to concentrate upon the possi-
bilities for an enlarged tuna fishery. The increase in the price of tuna,
and the success of the residual fleet of tuna boats attracted new and
additional capital into the fishery. A large fleet of new vessels was built
or under construction, existing canning plants were expanded, and
several new ones were organized. In 1941 there were 17 plants that packed
tuna in California. By June, 1948, the number had increased to 23. In

Figure 8. Tuna bait boat returning to San Diego with a load of flsh.
■Photograph courtesy of "Tuna Fisherman"

1941 a relatively stable fleet of 96 tuna boats, aggregating about 19,33:?
gross tons, fished with live bait throughout the year or a greater pai-t
of it. By the end of 1946 (latest figures available at writing) , this number
had increased to 136 vessels, aggregating 27,526 gross tons ; and the totals
have increased steadily as the regular tuna boats, relinquished by the
Navy, have been reconverted to commercial fishing, and new clip|)('rs
have been built. Moreover, the failure of the sardine fishery in this hien-
nium has forced a large number of purse-seiners to seek other employ-
ment. The majority of these have turned to tuna, with the consequence
that this has materially increased the total tonnage of vessels engaged
in the tuna fishery.

The keen competition for tuna between vessels and between fleets
has resulted in a number of important developments. For the first time
the supremacy of the California industiy has been challenged by the
Pacific Northwest. Originally intei-ested oidy in the local seasonal run
of albacore in the vicinitv of the (\)lumbia River, the plants there which

26

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

were constructed or modified to pack albacore are now a^jgressively reach-
ing out for their share of yellowfin tuna, and skipjack. In 1947 one com-
pany sent its mother-ship into Costa Rican waters, and in the spring and
summer of 1947 purchased on the grounds for delivery to Astoria a full
load of yellowfin and skipjack. In the winter of 1948 a second northern
company had two mother-ships on the grounds purchasing fish from
our fleet for delivery to the Columbia River.

In self-defense, a number of California packers have followed this
lead ; and by the summer of 1948 a number of tenders, or mother-ships,
were either in actual operation, or in process of conversion. The mother-
ships have apparently come to stay; and this marks an important devel-
opment initiated in this period.

The purse seiners, which in earlier years fished for yellowfin and
skipjack only in Lower California waters in that season when fish were
there available, have now by force of circumstances already mentioned,
extended their operations as far as Costa Rica. This has necessitated
enlarged refrigeration plants on the vessels, and some modification in
equipment. The extended range in operations has also resulted in the
construction — or conversion — of a number of large vessels for purse-
seining. For the first time the largest purse seiners are now comparable
in size and tonnage with the large live-bait tuna boats.

Figure 9. A Caiil'ornia purse seine boat leaving port. Tills type ol' vessel, ol" which

there are over 200 in California, fishes for sardines, tuna, and mackerel principally.

(Photograph by Vernon M. Haden, San Pedro)

This expansion in purse seine operations has resulted in consider-
able friction between the two basic types of gear; and their respective

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

27

associations are now exerting considerable pressure upon Central Amer-
ican governments to relax or restrict the fishing regulations in their favor.

Kefleeting the competition between boats, and the increasing diffi-
culty of securing full fares, a few vessels are now carrying scout planes.
This is still in an experimental phase, and the results are somewhat con-
flicting. Although the planes have definitely increased the scouting range
of the individual vessels, and have materially aided in locating bait, at
least two boats have tried and abandoned the carrying of a plane. At
least one boat has continued to operate its plane over a number of trips,
and is thoroughly satisfied with the results. Others are noncommittal.
In all probability, the planes will come into limited use.

During this period of expansion, the landings of yellowfin tuna
broke all records with receipts of 150,000,000 pounds in 1947 (see Fig-
ure 10, and Table 5). Skipjack catches were well above average, but
still slightly below the peak reached in 1940. The bluefin fishery, con-
ducted in local and northern Mexican waters, continued at a level slightly

,r- '

40

-

1 1 1 1 1 1

CALIFORNIA TUNA LANDINGS

1

1

120

-

/ -

100

-

/ \

V

^ -

80

/

\ /

-

S 60

\ /

i 40

A \ X

..y v--^ "-^^ ^'

?0

^^ -^

t 1 T' 1 t 1

1

1

^

&

% )g t 1 'J ■!
<j Ci <^ '^' "2.' '^

Figure 10. California landings of yellowfin, .skipjack, albacore, and bluefin tuna, 1938-
1947. Catches made by California boats and shipments from Oregon, Washington, and
Latin America are included. Shipments from .Japan are excluded. The tuna fishery has
recovered from the slump caused by wartime restrictions and diversion of vessels to
military service. The yellowfin tuna is now the most valuable species taken by the

California fishing industry

above average. During 1946 and 1947 albacore slumped somewhat below
the preceding three seasons. The fifth species of tuna-like fish, bonito,

28 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

underwent an exceptional increase to parallel the expansion in purse
seine operations. Bonito landinj^s increased from less than 1,000,000
pounds in 1944 to over 18,000,000 in 1947 (see Table 5).

The picture outlined above intimates that the tuna fishery faces a
period of intensive exploitation. The future of the local industry depends
entirely upon the size of the available stocks of tuna. If these stocks are
extensive and relatively untapped, then a healthy expansion is possible.
If, on the contrary, the stocks are limited in extent, and already heavily
fished, then further expansion is not warranted, and may precipitate
hardship and even disaster.

The staff of the bureau foresaw this crisis ; and the entire investi-
gative program was originally designed to answer this major question.
Unfortunately, the war brought the tuna investigation to a standstill, and
it was not resumed until the summer of 1946.

Four species contribute to the pack of "tuna." Of these, the bluefin
tuna and the albacore are temperate and seasonal fisheries. Because they
are seasonal, the catch of either species is determined by the extent to
which they enter our fishing area, their abundance at that season, and
the length of time they remain available. Over an 11-year period, the
combined catch of these two species has averaged less than 15 percent
of the total take of tuna. The remaining 85 percent has been supplied by
the other two species, namely, the sub-tropical and tropical yellowfin
tuna and skipjack. On the average the yellowfin supplies about 62 percent
and the skipjack 2:] percent of the total catch of tuna. Because of this
fact, the laboratory investigations concern primarily the yellowfin and
skipjack, with the emphasis upon the former.

In order to determine the potential catch of yellowfin tuna, it is
necessary to know the extent of the stock supplying that catch. The work
interrupted by the war has been resumed, and it has been shown tenta-
tively in this biennium that the stock of yellowfin exploited by our fleet
is confined to the eastern Pacific, and is not replenished from the Central
Pacific Basin. Moreover, there ai'e strong suggestions in as yet uncom-
pleted work that the catch per boat has already passed its peak. The
indications are, therefore, that the stock of yellowfin now exploited by
our fleet will not support indefinitely any appreciable further expansion.
The main emphasis of the entire tuna investigation is, therefore, con-
centrating u])on an attempt to substantiate these indications, and deter-
mine definitely at what level the yello^^'fin fishery should be stabilized.
If the pack of tuna is to be substantially and permanently increased, it
must be at the expense of either:

(1) A distinct ;ind more distant stock of yellowfin and skipjack, or

(2) The bluefin and albac-oi-e populations.

Before the latter alternative can be accomplished, it will obviously
be necessary to locate these two species in those seasons when they are
not now available in our fishing areas. So the secondary and minor phase
of the tuna investigation consists now of exploratory work for bluefin
and albacore, and a determiiuition of the extent of their populations.
Jn order to investigate vertical as well as horizontal extent, a set of drift
gill nets of varying mesh was ordered and delivered at the close of this
biennium; and the exploratory work has since begun.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 29

MACKEREL

In an effort to offset the failure of the sardine fishery, the purse
seine fleet intensified its effort on mackerel. Although the scoop boat
fishery for Pacific mackerel was grenerally unsuccessful in 1947, the
operations of the seiners maintained the catch of this species at a fair
level. However, indications are that the Pacific mackerel fishery is in
poor shape. Durin<>- the 1947-48 season nnicli of the catch consisted of
fish spawned in the sp.'ing of 1947.

The feature of the mackerel fishery was the tremendous increase in
the catch of jack mackerel (horse mackerel). The 194() landings of
15,000,000 pounds were well above average, but 1947 catches reached the
unprecedented figure of 129,000,000 pounds (see Figure 11). Some of
this catch was made in Central California, but the bulk of it resulted from
the concentration of purse seiners in Southern California. In actual prac-
tice, the fleet fished for jack mackerel, sardines, and Pacific mackerel
indiscriminately, taking whichever they could find. In fact, the schools
were usually mixed, many hauls including all three species.

Figure 11. California landinfj.s of Pacific niaclierel and jack luackcrel, from I'J'iH
through 1947. While the catches of Pacific mackerel have declined durinp the last .si-v-
eral yeans, the once unimportant jack mackerel has achieved a leading position among

California fisheries

Considerable quantities of both species of mackerel were shippetl
from the south to Montere}^ for canning during the 1947-48 season.

Young jack mackerel were very numerous, and the catches con-
tained a high proportion of fish hatched only a few months previously.
In order to afford some protection to these baby fish, as well as to young

30 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Pacific mackerel and sardines, the commission set minimum size limits
for all three species, effective in December, 1947.

During the biennium our research work on Pacific mackerel centered
on studies interrupted by the war, and on routine sampling of the com-
mercial catch at Los Angeles Harbor and at Newport Beach. The
sampling program included both measurement of fish, and the collection
of otoliths (bony ear structures) for use in age determination. Age
studies progressed satisfactorily. Otoliths collected were read as was
part of the backlog accumulated during the war. Results of the tagging
and racial studies were analyzed and compiled in manuscript form. In
both cases, the field work was done before the war. These studies indicated
that the Southern California fishery draws to some extent on the mackerel
population from as far south as central Lower California, but that fish
from southern Lower California and the Gulf of California in all prob-
ability contribute little or nothing to the fishery. Tag returns demon-
strated a free movement of fish between northern Lower California,
Southern California, and Central California. Toward the close of the
biennium work was started on an analysis of scoop boat catches to cover
the years since 1939.

The great increase in importance of the jack mackerel lead to the
establishment of a limited study of this species in 1947. The official name
of the fish was changed from "horse mackerel" in the summer of 1947
because the old name proved a handicap in disposing of the increased
pack. Before making the change, each processor was asked to show his
preference for one of several acceptable substitute names. The consensus
favored jack mackerel, and it was given official sanction.

Studies in progress at the close of the biennium included sampling
of the commercial catch, age determinations, and a population study.
Scales of jack mackerel did not prove satisfactory in age work, so otoliths
(collected as part of the sampling program) are being used with apparent
success.

SALMON

The salmon resource was first developed as a commercial fishery
under the Mexican Government, and before that time had been important
in the food economy of many Indian tribes. This fishery is today the
most important in Northern California; and in the light of the dis-
coveries of the last two years, it must be recognized that its latent value
has not yet been realized.

The 1946 catch of 13,639,000 pounds slightly exceeded tluit of 1945,
and was the largest of which there is a reliable record. The following year,
1947, saw the production of 11,428,000 pounds, a catch that is among
largest of which we know (see Figure 13) .

The bureau's salmon tagging program of the past bieiuiium has
given for the first time two independent measures of the total run into
the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system. These measurements indicate
that the run of king saliDon is far larger than had been supi)osed. They
also indicate that the catcli-to-ruii ratio is smaller than for any other
major stream for which records have been published. These figures, when
compared with those of the runs in other rivers, indicate that the poten-
tial values have been but partially developed.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

31

Figure 12. Tagging a salmon. One man holcLs the fi.sh in the V-shapert padded trough.
The other applies a pair of tag.s. The tag.s are plastic discs, held in place by a ])in or
wire which passes through the flesh at the base of the dorsal fin. Tagging at sea, in the
delta region, and in the streams gives ineasures of the sizes of the runs and the impor-
tance of the various rivers, movements in the ocean, and the time that rvins bound for
different streams pass through the fishing grounds. (Photograph by J). II. Fry, Jr.,
Stani.slfius River near Oakdcile, November, l!)'i7)

32

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

111 the last two years every stream of the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Valleys which is without a barrier to the migration of the adults or a
serious hazard to the life of the young salmon has liad runs that crowded
the spawning areas.

The future of this fishery is threatened by a reckless water program
which, however, can be turned to the advantage of the salmon without
taking water from any of the other benefits such as irrigation, flood
control, power development, and salinitj^ control. The water plan for
the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley has so far failed to recognize the
fact that the flow of water required either for the control of salinity to

1 1 1 1 1 1

CALIFORNIA SALMON LANDINGS

1

^\

12

"

/

\

10

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/

-

8

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Figure i:i. Commercial hmding-s of salmon in California, 1938-1947. River catches,

made in the lower reache-s of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers, consist of king- salmon,

exclusively. The ocean fishery, conducted from the Oregon line south to Monterey Bay,

takes king salmon principally, hut some silver salmon is also included in the catch

protect the rich lowlands, or for irrigation use below the elevation of the
spawning areas is more than enough to provide adequate water for the
salmon if it were properly distributed among the salmon rivers. That
the water to control salinity is being taken from one or two rivers only
instead of being shared among all of them is a serious flaw in the water
plan that must be corrected if the fishery is not to suffer.

Tlie spawning areas have been limited in size by high dams and the
reduced flow in their sti'cams, but they may be enlarged and improved
where the rivei-s i-iiii Ihrough rockpiles of dredge tailings by making of
them ludural hatdieries in ai'tificiai channels whidi Avould make for a
more efficient ns(> of the Mvailahle water.

I

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 33

The king salmon resource can be increased by erecting suitable fish
ladders over those low dams which now prevent the access of the salmon
to the spawning areas above, by cleaning up the pollution spots that stop
the migrations of both the adults and the young, and by screening the
diversions that trap and kill young on their way to the sea.

During the biennium, considerable progress has been made in the
construction of fishways and screens in the Central Valley, but much
remains to be done. We have developed a screen and ladder unit which
works in close cooperation with the Division of Architecture.

The most notable achievement of the past several years was construc-
tion of a new fishway at Woodbridge Dam on the Mokelumne River. This
stream has been suffering from the effects of a serious fish block at the dam.
The old ladder was too small and too steep, was poorly located, and could
not be reached by the fish during periods of low flows. When the flash-
boards were removed from the dam, the old fish ladder was totally inop-
erative, and at low flows the dam was impassable. Because of this situation,
the salmon run is badly depleted. In early 1948 the new fishway was com-
pleted (see Figure 14). This ladder has two branches, one for use when
the flashboards are in place, the other for when the boards are out. The
structure was designed and the work supervised by the Department of
Public Works, Division of Architecture. Their engineers can well be
proud of the result. The fall of 1948 will be the first chance salmon will
have to use the new ladder. Rehabilitation of the run can be expected in
the next few years.

In late 1946 a fishway was completed over Clough Dam on Mill Creek.
This ladder has since functioned well, and should result in benefit to the
salmon and steelhead runs in this important tributary of the Sacramento
River.

Preliminary plans have been drawn for critical fish ladders for
Daguerre Point Dam on the Yuba River, and Sutter-Butte Dam on the
Feather River. Early construction of these fishways is of vital importance.
As the biennium ended, work was about to start on a series of small fish-
ways over several gravel dams on the Merced River.

A large fish screen on Deer Creek was completely rebuilt, and a
by-pass was constructed. Work is about to start on the rehabilitation of
other screens and construction of by-passes on this stream and Mill Creek.

Because it may be possible to substitute electric fish screens for
mechanical screens, and thus effect a great reduction in cost, we have
continued our experiments with these devices. In theory, electric screens
divert the migrating young salmon away from canal headings by shocking
them with a harmless but painful discharge of electricity. To date the
experiments have been disappointing. Some extensive changes in the
electrode system gave some promise when tried on a small scale, but failed
when applied to an entire screen. One difficulty has to do with getting the
young salmon far enough from the canal so that the current of the river
will take them on their way down the channel. Because most of the down-
stream migration takes place at night, and because young salmon are
attracted by light, it was decided to erect a series of moving lights to
attract the fish as they approached the screen. The lights would then lead
them downstream to a place of safety. The device, tried on a large screen,
has given definite promise; but biological, mechanical, and electrical

2—16763

34

PISH AND GAME COMMISSION

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FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 35

problems remain to be solved before it can be considered a complete
success.

The most gratifying trend in connection with the fight against pollu-
tion is the growing awareness on the part of the public that the State
cannot afford to let its streams become open sewers. Only with the support
of aroused public opinion can the evils of pollution be corrected. Because
of this attitude, offending industries and municipalities are now taking
steps to clean up our waters.

Every year since 1944 the early part of the fall salmon run in the
Tuolumne River has been blocked by pollution from the City of Modesto,
and various industries in and near Modesto. In 1947 the situation was so
bad and so little progress had been made that at the request of the Division
of Fish and Game the Attorney General brought suit against the city and
the industries. As in 1944, 1945. and 1946, the temporary expedient used
was to release water from Don Pedro Dam to dilute the pollution to the
point where salmon could live and proceed upstream. The court granted a
delay in reaching a permanent solution. The city has been making a sin-
cere effort to finish an adequate treatment plant before the fall run of
1948, but it seems probable that the plant will not be ready for the first
part of the season, and that a release of water will be needed in 1948.

Pollution at Riverbank on the Stanislaus River caught us off guard,
and killed the early part of the fall run in 1947. Because better use was
made of the inadequate disposal system at Riverbank, the remainder of
the season passed with no further trouble. By rejuvenating this system,
the city and industries will probably be able to get through the fall of
1948, but an entirely new series of disposal beds will have to be put in
service in the near future.

During the biennium, the salmon runs were satisfactory in all the
major spawning streams of the Central Valley except the Mokelumne and
San Joaquin Rivers. For example, the combined spring and fall runs of
1946 in the American River were estimated by tagging at 39,000 fish, of
which 1,700 passed Folsom Dam. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
counted 57,000 salmon in the Tuolumne River in 1946, and estimate that
in addition about 4,000 fish jumped the dam and were not counted. The
calculated run in the Stanislaus River in 1947 was 13,000 fish. The Mokel-
umne River run has dwindled because of an inadequate fishway, but this
condition has been corrected, as reported above.

The situation on the San Joaquin River could not be worse than it is.
Inadequate water releases from Friant Dam have resulted in near extinc-
tion of the salmon run. The winter of 1946-47 was relatively dry, and the
U. S. Bureau of Reclamation felt that it could allot no more than 15,000
acre-feet of water for the spring run. This water was released in such
manner as to be of maximum benefit, but was still so inadequate as to be
disastrous. Flows of 100 to 130 second-feet are inadequate during hot
weather. Only 6,000 salmon were counted past Mendota Dam in 1947,
compared to 56,000 in 1945, and 30,000 in 1946.

The winter of 1947-48 started as one of the driest on record. TIio TI. S.
Bureau of Reclamation announced that no water whatsoever could be
spared for salmon ; and in spite of all our efforts, as well as those of sports-
men's groups, the fishing industry, and congres-smen to obtain water, the
river below Dos Palos remained dry during the time of the 1948 run. As

36

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

the only recourse available, the Bureau of Marine Fisheries operated a
salvage plan which called for construction of a fish trap, hauling the
salmon overland, and releasing them in a canal whence they could make
their way to the spawning areas. Tank trucks were furnished by the
Bureau of Keclamation. The trap was located at the mouth of the Merced
Kiver. The only fish to reach the spawning beds on the San Joaquin were
the 1,955 that were transported by truck. Heavy rains in April and May
caused the Merced River to flood, and on May 28 the trap was lifted to
allow all the fish to ascend this stream. Previously, 163 salmon had been
trucked up the Merced, as these floods were not anticipated. No water was
released in the San Joaquin, and those fish that did not ascend the Merced
were lost in the warm backwaters of the San Joaquin. At the same time
most of the young downstream migrants also perished for want of water.

Figure 15. Because the middle reaches of the San Joaquin River were dry during tlie
spring salmon run of 1948, it was necessary to trap the fish in tlie lower river and trans-
port them overland to a canal whence they could reach the spawning beds. Two men are
using a short net to herd the salmon out of (he trap and into the bucket, which is nearly
submerged at the left. By mean.s of ;t derrick, tlie bucket of fish is transferred to the
tank truck in the background. Photooraph by D. H. Fry, Jr., Hills Ferry, May, I'J/iS

BOTTOM FISHERY

The trawl fishery for sole, sand dabs, flounders, and other bottom
fisli is one of the oldest commercial fisheries in the State. Prior to 1940
most of the vessels engaged in dragging were owned and operated by
the producing companies. Double dragging (paranzella) necessitated
the operation of two large vessels to drag the net along the bottom of
the ocean. Inasmuch as the initial investment of each vessel was great,
and two vessels were required to perform one fishing operation, this

I

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 37

method of fishing was logically financed and directed by tlie fish com-
panies. At this time there were less than 20 vessels engaged in the
fishery.

With the advent of World War II the loss of several vessels to the
armed services gave impetus to a change to otter trawl gear. Otter trawl
fishing is carried on by one vessel. With an unlimited market supplied
by the military, the use of otter trawl gear spread through the fishery.
There were no paranzella (double drag) operations during this biennium.
The expansion in otter trawl boats continued until over 80 vessels are
now engaged in this occupation. Development of dragging techniques
has enabled some trawlers to extend their operations from 100 fathoms
to as deep as 230 fathoms. This extension in range has opened new
grounds to the fleet, and has resulted in heavy catches in this new area.
Development of new processing methods in handling, filleting, and freez-
ing has enabled the companies to keep abreast with the increasing catches.
However, all is not well with the industry. Individual boat catches have
shown a continuous decline from 1940 onward.

Other factors not apparent on cursory examination of the statistical
data make this condition more ominous than appears. Nearly all the
otter trawl boats now engaged in the fishery possess sonic depth finders.
These devices make it possible to return to the same depth and follow
schools of fish in those depths that they are most abundant. The radio
telephone has also added to the increased efficiency of the fleet. Formerly,
considerable time had to be spent prospecting for schools of fish. Now the
information gleaned from the radio telephone has reduced this scouting
to a minimum.

The development of fiUet lines, similar in mechanization to canning
lines, enabled the fishery to take other species of fish in great quantity
that were formerly unutilized. The rockfish trawl fishery was developed
to such an extent that loads of 80,000 pounds per trip were possible.

Even with the increased efficiency resulting from the use of the
electronic devices, and the production and utilization of abundant new
species such as rockfish and dogfish, the catch per unit of effort decreased.
The average catch per drag has fallen from about 2,000 pounds prior
to 1940 to slightly less than 1,100 pounds in 1947 — a decrease of 45 per-
cent. This decline ties in with the general loss of control over the fishing
operations by the companies.

Prior to 1940 the companies maintained a voluntary 5-ineh minimiuu
size on their trawl nets. When the fishery shifted to independent opera-
tion, the voluntary agreement no longer prevailed, and the size of gear
decreased to as small as three and one-half inches. Consequently, many
millions of small, unsaleable fish have been killed needlessly; and as a
result, the bottom fish populations have suffered a loss of abundance.

During the past tw^o years landings of sole have increased markedly
(see Figure 16, and Table 6). This increase, most of which took place at
Eureka and Fort Bragg, was due to the increased fishing intensity, aiid
to operations in deeper water. Rockfish catches, which had increa.sed in
a phenomenal manner during the war, suffered a sharp decline. This was
due in some measure to a shrinkage in markets following the curtailment
of military purchases, but signs of scarcity of fish are apparent on some
of the banks.

38

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

CALIFORNIA BOTTOM FISH LANDINGS

~ — ^ RocKfil?— — — __

Jablefish

Figure IC. California landings of flatfish, rockfish, and sablefish, 1938-1947. Flatfish
includes all species except halibut ; i.e., various species of sole, sand dabs, starry floun-
der, and turbot. The flatfish have once again become the most important factor in the
trawl fishery, having regained the lead held briefly by rockfish. The decline in the sable-
fish catch has caused much concern, as this valuable species has been subjected to too

intensive fishing

The sablefish (black cod) fishery underwent a serious decline (see
Figure 16). This fish, valuable for smoking, filleting, and vitamin oil, has
been the object of heavy fishing effort, and has become badly depleted.
Concern for the future, expressed by fishermen and by the Pacific Marine
Fisheries Commission, has resulted in our commencing an investigation
for obtaining the facts required to ensure a sustained yield.

Catches of ling cod (cultus) have increased to a marked extent (see
Table 6), to compensate partially for the drop in sablefish production.

The soupfin and dogfish sharks continued to be the objects of an
intensive fishery for Vitamin A products. The yield of soupfin had so
diminished by 1948 that many of the former operators were leaving the
industry. As a price level was maintained that somewhat compensated
for the decrease in production, the decline was not felt by the industry
until the level of abundance became so low that it was no longer masked.
Many of the individuals who are now engaged in the fishery are doing
so only until the gear that they possess is worn out. The expense of gear
is such that the return to the fisherman is not sufficient to defray the costs
of replacing tlie gear at current ]irices. Legislation was enacted which,
although beneficial, is not sufficient in itself to enable the fishery to
recover under present fishing levels. The only solution to the problem
is a reduction of intensity.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL, REPORT 39

The dogfish is tal^en by trawl nets in the northern part of the State,
principally during December and January. As these fish are of the same
group that range the coasts of Washington and Oregon, and as Northern
California is about the southern limit of their commercial distribution,
the effects of the increased otter trawl fishery have not been noticeable
on this species.

Bottom fish investigations dealing with over 20 commercially impor-
tant species were rein.augurated during this biennium. Personnel was
assigned to this work, and some start made toward solving the problems
necessary for adequate management of this industry. Log book records
which, due to personnel shortage had suffered seriously during the war,
were obtained ; and the collection of these statistics in the future was out-
lined in conjunction with the objectives desired in this fishery. The
reopening of the Eureka laboratory at the close of the bienniam, and
the assigning of part-time personnel to the collection of biological data
will enhance the current analysis of the many species that are included
in the scope of these investigations. Graduate students at Stanford Uni-
versity, working in cooperation with ther bureau, have made valuable
contributions to the life-history studies of the sand dab and starry
flounder.

CRAB

The crab fisher;^ of Central and Northern California has undergone
tremendous expansion since prewar days. This luxury item is now caught
and marketed in mass production quantities. Ten years ago the catch
was controlled by a tight organization that kept quantity low and price
high. When the Eureka fishery developed to threaten the San Francisco
monopoly, and when the more efficient trap or "pot" replaced the old

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CRAB LANDINGS

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Figure 17. California crab landings, 1937-38 through 1946-47. Before the war, crab
catches were restricted by a monopoly ; during the war operations of the crab neet were
curtailed by security measures. The fishery is now undergoing the expansion usual to

many of our fisheries

40

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

hoop net, catches increased considerably. After the war some of the
trawlers that fish for sole and sand dabs modified their operations to
fish for crabs. At the same time there was an expansion of ' ' crab picking ' '
to provide fresh and frozen crabmeat to restaurants. The catch increased
from three or four million pounds a season to over 9,000,000 in 1945-46
and 1946-47 (see Figure 17). A small crab canning industry developed
in the San Francisco and Eureka regions, with 15,000 cases (48 half-
pound cans) produced in 1946, and 6,000 cases in 1947.

To prevent the waste and over-exploitation inherent in trawl oper-
ations, this type of crab fishing was curtailed by legislation enacted in
1947. As a result, the fishery is now on a more stable basis.

In early 1948 the bureau instituted a biological investigation of the
crab to determine if the stock can withstand the intensified fishery and
to ascertain what precautions might be necessary. This study is being
made in cooperation with the fishery agencies of Oregon and Washing-
ton, under the sponsorship of the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission.

• SQUID

During the biennium, the squid fishery centered at Monterey con-
tinued at a high level. Catches in 1946 exceeded all previous records,
with landings reaching 38,000,000 pounds (see Figure 18) . This enormous

Figure 18. Poundages of squid landed in California, 1938-1947. The rapid increase
after 1942 resulted from an expansion of the fishery in Monterey to supply a canning

industry

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 41

catch was made to fill government orders for canned squid for relief
exports. The pack exceeded 640,000 cases, which was more than double
the sardine pack at Monterey for the same period. With relief purchases
tapering off in 1947, the catch dropped to the 1945 level which was still
far greater than earlier seasons. The 1947 catch of 14,500,000 pounds
produced a pack of 230,000 cases.

To determine whether the expanded fishery might endanger the
squid population, a biological study of the Monterey fishery was insti-
tuted in 1946. This investigation, carried on by Stanford University in
cooperation wdth the bureau, includes length frequency samples, spawn-
ing and breeding habits, life-history of early stages, and assessment of
possible damage to the eggs by the net fishery.

ABALONE

Abalone landings continued to increase during this biennial period.
The area about the Channel Islands, which could not be effectively
worked during the war, has added an appreciable quantity to the usual
take along the coast of the mainland.

A great many divers entered the fishery and caused something of
a patrol problem. Many of these aspirants were construction divers,
ex-navy men with some experience in shallow water rigs, or individuals
w^ith no experience, attracted to the fishery by what seemed to them to
he very remunerative returns.

It requires a year or 18 months to make a proficient abalone diver ;
and most of the tyros were financially unsuccessful. Under normal con-
ditions 12 to 15 abalone crews supply the market, but during the 1946-48
period 40 to 50 crews were operating. Most of the novices have been
eliminated by their inexperience and consequent financial insolvency,
and by the Bureau of Patrol which apprehended them trying to augment
their earnings by taking undersized abalones.

Because of the expansion in this fishery, and the seriously over-
fished condition of the beds, the Legislature authorized drastic regula-
tions to control the industry. Although illegal practices have been cut
appreciably, there has been no general improvement in the stock of
abalones ; and it may be necessary to impose further restrictions which
have already been authorized by the Legislature.

OYSTER

Our oyster industry, which is based on an exotic species (Ostrea
gigas) from Japan, suffered during the war from a lack of seed. We have
not so far been able to obtain a natural set of these oysters, and the seed
supply from Japan w^as, of course, not available. The stock of marketable
oysters was practically exhausted by the end of the war.

An intermittent set of these oysters is obtained in the Puget Sound
area, and some seed was imported shortly before shipments were resumed
from Japan. The four oyster companies are building up their beds with
yearly shipments of seed from Puget Sound and from Japan, and in a
year or 18 months should again be producing a considerable quantity
of desirable food.

42 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

In 1946-47 4,400 strings (equivalent to 1,500 cases) of seed were
trucked in from Puget Sound, and 750 cases were shipped in from Japan.
In 1947-48 850 cases from Japan were planted in California,
AH shipments from outside the State were inspected to ensure that
no harmful pests were present. Observations of local spawning were
made in an effort to determine what factors are responsible for the occa-
sional success. Progress of the imported seed was observed, and we made
one abortive attempt to introduce a Japanese hybrid variety which is
reported to be very desirable.

PISMO CLAM

In September, 1947, due to legislation enacted in an effort to con-
serve our rapidly decreasing stock, the Pismo clam of California was
taken from the list of commercial species. In 1946 the local commercial
take was 69,000 pounds and through September, 1947, the local take
amounted to 58,000 pounds.

During 1946 approximately 11,408,000 pounds of Pismo clams were
shipped into California from Mexico; in 1947 this figure was approxi-
mately 1,807,000. The drop from over 53,000,000 pounds in 1945 resulted
because of a decrease in canning. Most of the present importations from
Mexico are going into the fresh fish markets to meet a demand formerly
supplied by local clams.

Pismo clam investigations were re-established in 1946, and the reg-
ular annual census at Pismo Beach resumed. No good sets on this beach
occurred in either 1946 or 1947. In addition, a special study of the differ-
ential growth rate on various beaches of southern and central California
is being made.

OCEAN SPORT FISHING

This investigation is based on a record of the total annual marine
catch taken by sport fishermen, and is obtained from data supplied by
sport boat operators. The Bureau of Marine Fisheries, early in 1946,
was able to resume the sport fishing program launched in 1936. A system,
making it possible to check individual boat catch figures on any chosen
day, was inaugurated. During 1947 a total of 87 sports boats were spot
checked at their landings for the accuracy of their records. Within the
first six months of 1948 approximately 100 boats were also tested for
accurate reports.

The growth of the sport fishing fleet in the years 1946 and 1947 is
reflected in the following table : ^^j^ ^g.j

Numl)er of boiits 100 378

Number of fishermen 206,979 439,270

Number of fish caught 1,227,818 2,392,016

Although 1948 promises to be a greater year than 1947, it is not
expected that the increase will be so outstanding. Monthly summaries of
the 1948 sport fishing season have been prepared and presented to various
news services. These summaries have appeared regularly in several news-
papers. Personal interview questionnaires have been used to some extent

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

43

Figure 19. Sport fishing aboard a party fishing boat in Southern California waters.

About 400 boats are engaged in carrying anglers on fishing trips along the California

coast. Photo(/7'aph courtesy of Pier Point Landing, Long Beach

in an effort to determine how often the average fisherman tries his luck.
Each boat owner and his operator received a mimeographed letter stating
the aims of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries in regard to conservation of
the sport fishing resources. Some of these operators, by arrangement,
are furnishing specimens for identification and life-history work.

BAIT FISHERY

Following the expansion of ocean sport fishing in Southern Cali-
fornia, particularly since 1925, bait hauling as a supporting industry
necessarily expanded at a proportional rate ; and the Bureau of Marine
Fisheries in 1938 instituted a system for detormiuing the amount of live
bait taken. The skipper of each bait boat is required to keep a daily record
in numbers of scoops. Figures for the years 1939-1942 are on file. None
are available from 1943 through 1945 as wartime security regulations
jjractically eliminated bait hauling. Records for the last two years, 194G
and 1947, mark the beginning of a new era in the bait industry.

Bait landings also furnish an indication of the sardine spawning
success as sardines during their first year of life constitute an important
part of bait poundage. Indications are that spawning success was only
slightly improved during this biennium over the 1940-1942 spawning
seasons. All bait figures since 1939 fail to compare favorably with the
sardine hatch of that year.

44 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

An attempt has been made to accompany each of the twenty-odd bait
boats on at least one fishing trip during the calendar year. Essential
information is gathered at this time. Boats are checked for the weights of
the scoops, and this figure, multiplied by the total number of scoops, gives
the total number of pounds taken as bait. A careful record is made of the
gear in use, the proportion of species taken, and notes kept on innovations
in the fishery.

Samples of anchovies and sardines are taken from every bait boat
visited, and the age and length composition is determined. In 1946 and
1947, of the six species of fish commonly found in the bait catch, anchovy
comprised 75 percent of the total, and sardines 20 percent, with the
remaining 5 percent being composed of queenfish, kingfish, smelt, and
pompano.

During this biennium many boats have installed submarine sounding
devices to enable operators to detect subsurface schools of fish. One self-
propelled bait receiver is in use, and a successful experiment has been
made, utilizing cement bait receivers that are capable of floating without
additional support. Extremely light aggregates are used in the cement.
Bait boats in the Los Angeles Harbor area are now successfully fishing at
night using floating lights which serve to attract and hold scattered fish.

UNDERSEA OIL EXPLORATION

Exploration for undersea deposits of oil expanded rapidly during the
biennium ; and by 1948, 20 oil companies had applied to the Fish and Game
Commission for permits to carry on such investigations. The oil-bearing
strata are located by firing explosive charges in the overlying land or
water surface. The bureau continued its regulation of this exploratory
work through its permit system, and made additional investigations on
the destruction of marine life which may result. A summary of these
findings was published in California Fish and Game, April, 1948. An
observer worked at sea at all times with the exploratory crews. Cost of
tbis supervision is borne by the oil operators.

Because of the large number of applications for permits, the Bureau
of Marine Fisheries in May, 1948, met with the oil companies, and through
their aid set up preliminary arrangements for joint operations of all oil
companies in future exploration. This will do away with repetition of
activities in each area by additional oil companies. Thus, fish life will be
saved, and tlie oil operators will carry out their research more economi-
cally. The waters of the State have been divided into 15 areas, and the
dates desigiuited when explorations will be permitted in each area. These
dates are based on the seasons of the year when the fish population is
knoA\ n to be at a ininininin in an area.

SEA LIONS

In order to assess the extravagant claims made by fishermen that
sea lions have increased to the point where they menace the fish supply,
and the e(|ually wild assertions of some naturalists that these animals are
becoming extinct, the bureau keeps track' of ilieir numbers by means of
periodic counts on the rookeries.

The count made in June, 1946, indicated that sea lions had increased
somewhat. The 1947 census disclosed a population of 5,666 Steller see

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 45

lions, and 3,050 California sea lions. These figures are somewhat below
the 1946 counts, but a little above the previous average.

The 1948 count was incomplete because of adverse, foggy weather,
and unavailability of equipment. Where the animals were counted, they
were slightly less numerous than in 1947, but any differences noted were
inconclusive.

In 1947, as in the previous year, some of the rookeries were counted
from l<la.xj blimps, through the courtesy of the Navy. The remainder of
the counting, that year, and all the work in 1948 was done in cooperation
with the Bureau of Patrol, using their planes and boats. The use of aerial
photographs has increased the accuracy of these surveys.

The conclusion to be drawn from the counts is that the sea lion popu-
lation appears to be in reasonable balance, and is neither becoming so high
as to be dangerous to the fisheries, nor on the way to extinction. An epi-
demic caused numerous deaths among the California sea lions during the
past winter, but no losses occurred among the SteUers. Several permits
were issued for the commercial capture of sea lions to check possible exces-
sive expansion of the population, but pursuit of the animals proved to be
economically infeasible and only a few hundred were taken.

RESEARCH VESSELS

Our seagoing research program was not resumed until late in the
biennium for the lack of a vessel. The division's research vessel "N. B.
Scofield" served throughout the war in the Army. At the conclusion of
hostilities, negotiations for her return were initiated. These dragged on
for month after month with the State exerting every possible effort to
unravel military red tape. Finally, in June, 1947, the Army made a cash
settlement of $65,000 for damage incurred, and returned the vessel. She
was in deplorable condition, and it took the entire sum and months of work
to put her in shape. The shakedown cruise was made in February, 1948.

The first postwar research voyage was made by the M. V. "N. B. Sco-
field" in March and April, 1948, as reported in the section on sardines.
Before the biennium closed, the vessel had made some short trips offshore
in tuna exploratory work, and to test gill net fishing for tuna.

Following the collapse of the sardine fishery, the fishing industry
became aware of the need for additional research to solve the problems
of fluctuating fish populations. It was realized that all available research
agencies must work together and put the largest possible research fleet
into operation. AVe felt that in order to take part in the expanded sardine
research program, and at the same time do justice to the equally pressing
problems facing the tuna, mackerel, and trawl fisheries, we would need
at least one additional research vessel. For many months we sought a
suitable craft, and finally located a surplus Army freighter that could
be converted into a good research vessel. This ship, renamed "Yellowfin"
for our most important species of tuna, was purchased on May 26, 1948.
As the biennium ended, she was awaiting reconversion.

46

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

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FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 47

FISHERIES STATISTICS

Due to the shortage of clerical help and lack of field work during
the war years, it was with difficulty that California maintained the leader-
ship it had held for 30 years in its system of fisheries statistics. But during
the past biennium the back log of basic work was mastered with the aid
of additional tabulating equipment and a normal clerical staff. Unfor-
tunately, the field work is still lagging. The system has become compli-
cated; and the danger of inaccuracies has mounted due to special
concessions made to accommodate the industry, because of changes in
delivery and marketing procedure, and through the use of the record
for purposes other than the study of abundance.

In the spring of 1948 a conference was called to review the present
laws and policies governing the collection and compilation of the
statistical records. Plans were made for improvements which must be
introduced gradually, but which will make the system function with
greater efficiency and meet the needs of changing conditions.

With the return of the research men from war activities, resumption
of the .studies of specific species was of prime importance. Of these
statistical studies, the sardine project was the only one which was carried
on unabated during the war years. Despite the reduction in catch, the
sardine still held first place in poundage in 1947 (255,500,000 pounds,
$5,800,000 value). The combined poundage of the five tunas for 1947
threatened this lead, with the value six times greater than that of
sardines (250,000,000 pounds, $39,000,000 value). It was therefore
fitting that the tunas be given first attention in the postwar program.
A statistical study of the yellowffin and skipjack was undertaken.
Tabulations began wath 1934 where the work had been dropped, and
continued through 1947.

Jack mackerel had reached fourth place in poundage in 1947, and
had usurped the place of Pacific mackerel in importance among the
species. The Pacific mackerel study was resumed with tabulations for
the year 1939, where it had been interrupted ; and the Jack mackerel
records were begun for this same year, to be carried through the current
season. Salmon and bottom fish work started wuth tabulations for 1946,
the intervening years' work to be completed when time permitted.

The marine sport catch record was nonexistent for several years
because national safety restrictions curtailed the sport fishery, and no
attempt was made to collect a record. In 1946 normal activities resumed,
and by 1947 the volume of the record was enormous. During 1947 the
volume of punch cards required for the 8,000,000-pound marine sport
catch exceeded the volume of cards used for the 800,000,000-pound
commercial catch. This volume was caused by the great number of
sportsmen recording small and varied catches to make up the final total.

It is with satisfaction that Ave review the accomplishment of the
past two years, for it brought out the fact that the statistical record of
our fish catch had not lost value or continuity despite curtailment during
the war years.

48 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

PUBLICATIONS BY STAFF MEMBERS OF THE
BUREAU OF MARINE FISHERIES

Fish Bulletin No. 65. Analysis of Populations of the Pacific Sardine on the Basis of

Vertebral Counts. By Frances N. Clark. 26 pp.
Fish Bulletin No. 66. Drift and Set Line Fishing Gear in California. By W. L. Scofield.

38 pp.
Fish Bulletin No. 67. The Commercial Fish Catch of California for the Years 1945 and

1946. By the Staff of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries. 80 pp.
I'ish Bulletin No. 68. Common Marine Fishes of California. By Phil M. Roedel. (In

press at close of biennium.)
Fish Bulletin No. 69. Age and Length Composition of the Sardine Catch Off the Pacific

Coast of the United States and Canada, 1941-42 through 1946-47. By Frances E.

Felin and .Julius B. Phillips. (In press at close of biennium.)
Fish Bulletin No. 70. A Preliminary Population Study of the Yellowfin Tuna and the

Albacore. By H. C. Godsil. (In press at close of biennium.)
Alaska Codfish From California Waters. By J. B. Phillips. California Fish and Game,

Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 156-157.
Bare Fishes Taken Near Los Angeles. By Anita E. Daugherty. California Fish and

Game, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 157-158.
California Sea Lion Census for 1946. By the Staff of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries.

California Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 19-22.
The Effect of Explosives on Marine Life. By J. A. Aplin. California Fish and Game,

Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 23-30.
Pismo Clams of San Quintin, Lower California. By J. A. Aplin. California Fish and

Game, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 31-33.
Pismo Clam Increase. By J. A. Aplin. California Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.

129-131.
Rare Irishes Taken Near Los Angeles. By John E. Fitch. California Fish and Game,

Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 191-192.
Summary of Recovery of Califonrnia Sardine Tags on the Pacific Coast. By J. F.

Janssen, Jr. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
Basking Shark Fishery Revived in California. By J. B. Phillips. California Fish and

Game, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 11-23.
Sablefish Run at Monterey Bay. By K. W. Cox. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34,

No. 1, p. 37.
Occurrence of the Black Skipjack {Euthynnus lineatus) off Southern California. By

Phil M. Roedel. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 38-39.
Extension of the Range of Luvaris imperialis Rafinesque. By W. E. Ripley. California

Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 39-40.
l'.se and Effect of Explosives in California Coastal Waters. By J. E. Fitch and P. H.

Young. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 53-70.
A Review of tlie Southern California Spiny Lobster Fishery. By Robert C. Wilson.

California Fish and (Jame, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 71-80.
1947 Pismo Clam Census. By the Staff of llic I'.urc.iu <>( .Murine Fisheries. California

Fish and Game, Vol. .'54, No. 2, p. 82.
Landings of Sardines Along the Pacific Coast. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 2,

I)p. 82-8:?.
The California Sea Lion Census for 1947. By P. Bonnot and Wm. E. Ripley. California

Fish and Game, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 89-92.
Some New and T'nusual Fishes From Southern California. By J. E. Fitch. California

Fish and CJame, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 1,3.".-135.
Comparison of Calculated Fish Lengths Based on Scales From Different Body Areas of

the Sardine, Sard in ops caerulea. By J. B. l'Iiillii)s. Copeia, 1048, No. 2, pp. 99-106.
Pacific Mackerel in the Gulf of California. By Phil M. Roedel. Copeia, 1948, No. 3. (In

press at close of biennium.)
Circular No. 21, Statistical Report on Fresh and Canned Fishery Products, Year 1946.
Circular No. 22, Sl.il istic.i] Tteport on Fresh and Canned Fishery Products, Year 1947.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL. REPORT 49

PACIFIC MARINE FISHERIES COMPACT

During their 1947 sessions, the State Legislatures of Washington,
Oregon, and California enacted legislation authorizing tlie execution of
the Pacific Marine Fisheries Compact. The governors of the three states
subsequently executed the compact, the purposes of which are expressed
as follows : ' ' The purposes of this compact are and shall be to promote the
better utilization of fisheries, marine, shell, and anadromous, which are
of mutual concern, and to develop a joint program of protection and
prevention of phj^sical waste of such fisheries in all of those areas of the
Pacific Ocean over which the States of California, Oregon, and Wash-
ington jointly or separately now have or may hereafter acquire juris-
diction."

The compact sets up the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission, and
designates the fisheries agencies of the three states to act as its joint
research body. Organizational meetings were held at Portland, Oregon,
in November, 1947, and January, 1948. The research staffs held a joint
meeting in San Francisco during March, followed by the third meeting
of the commission in April at San Francisco. The commission is formu-
lating recommendations on conservation legislation for the consideration
of the member states, and is coordinating the various research programs.

The California members of the commission, appointed by the Gov-
ernor, are :

Mr. Eichard S. Croker, Chief, Bureau of Marine Fisheries.
Senator Jesse Mayo, Angels Camp.
Mr. Eugene D. Bennett, San Francisco.

A staff member of the Bureau of Marine Fisheries, Mr. D. H. Fry, Jr.,
has been placed in charge of California 's share of the cooperative research
program.

50 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION

An understanding of the present program of the bureau is basic for
a consideration of expansion or change in operations. A short time
before the war a plan for future operation was approved by the com-
mission and the accomplishments thereunder have been reported upon
informally from time to time and at regular intervals in the biennial
reports. There have naturally been some modifications and the war
necessitated deferment of many activities that had been planned.

A long-term program with definite objectives is particularly desir-
able for the conservation work of public agencies because of the continued
demand by interested individuals and groups for innumerable short-
term activities which are never coordinated and in fact, are usually
abandoned by the proponents for new fads or fancies before the original
objectives are attained. Regardless of the individual merits of the proj-
ects, little worthwhile can be accomplished if the division is forced to
abandon them before completion to undertake some new ventures. The
waste of time, effort and money resulting from such unplanned activity
can be largely, but not completely, avoided by setting up a sound long-
term program and sticking to it except for minor modifications. Even
though the plan may be in part defective, the results of long-term
coordinated work are bound to be more profitable than hit or miss work,
even on a large scale.

The present program of this bureau has three broad objectives, and
under each, a number of related fields of activity. Thej^ can be most
concisely presented in outline form.

1. Protection and improvement of euAdronment and habitat for
fishes. In other words, to provide satisfactory living conditions for
fishes. The main lines of activity in this field are :

a. Protection of existing fishing waters from the adverse effects of
the utilization of water for other purposes. It is hardly necessary
to point out that the use of water for domestic use, irrigation,
power and industrial purposes is continuing to increase. One
thousand one hundred twenty-six applications for new diver-
sions were filed during the biennium. There are over 600 dams
now existing in the State, and many more are planned or under
consti-uction. In order to make proper recommendations for the
protection of fish it is necessary to study each of these projects
in detail and frequently the problems are so complex that the
studies extend over a considerable period of time. It has been
found that many adjustments in construction or operation are
possible which make these projects less damaging to fish life, and
where negotiation fails to bring satisfactory adjustment, recourse
is had to the provisions of law for the release of water and the
construction of fish ladders and screens. Screening of diversions
will only be possible on a large scale after the revision of the
present screen law.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 51

b. Stream flow maintenance in certain areas of the high Sierra
Nevada has been fonnd possible in past years through tlie con-
struction of small storage dams. Two areas, Desolation Valley
and Cherry Creek, have been developed through cooperation with
local sportsmen and the U. S. Forest Service. This work is only
possible where suitable sites exist, but several additional areas
are known where more dams could be constructed.

c. An increasingly important factor affecting waters of this State
as habitat for fish is pollution by industries and municii^alities.
The amount of waste that State waters are called upon to handle
increased greatly during the war, and will remain at a high
level because of the great growth in the population of the State.
Enforcement of the pollution laws is in the hands of the Bureau of
Patrol, but the Bureau of Fish Conservation supplies the tech-
nical service needed in connection with most pollution cases. One
Assistant Sanitary Engineer is assigned to the work, and his
time is fully occupied. It may therefore be necessary to add
another man to the staff next year.

It has become more and more evident that the complexity of
many pollution problems makes it necessary for us to seek advice
and assistance from other interested agencies, particularly the
State Department of Public Health. Such cooperation is mutally
advantageous and could be facilitated by such enabling legisla-
tion as was proposed at the last session of the Legislature, but
which failed of passage. The most serious pollution is now caused
by food processing plans and municipal sewage, or a combination
of the two. Although partial removal of cannery sludge is by no
means a complete solution, it is recommended that the commis-
sion continue in effect the present regulation requiring screening
of cannery sewage.

d. In 1945, the bureau was given the difficult task of handling the
screening of diversions. For a considerable period prior to that
administrative change, installation of new screens was confined to
replacement of old screens since the law provided that all new
installations be paid for and maintained jointly by the owner
and the division. The obvious difficulties of accounting, particu-
larly since bills for maintenance are rendered to us by the owner
and in most eases we would have no means of checking the labor
involved, were a bar to the installation of new screens. Further-
more, very few of the screens installed in the past had ever been
consistently tested to determine their efficiency in doing the job of
stopping small fish. It has therefore been necessary for us to
develop our program slowly. To start with, we set up a fish screen
and maintenance crew, largely with new personnel. A quonset
building was set up in Yreka as a shop and new equipment
ordered. Study was immediately given to the efficiency of various
types of screens, both new and old, and that work is still con-
tinuing. We believe that in the near future we will be ready to
undertake an expanded program of new installations, providing
changes can be made in the law. It is roeommondod that these

52 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

changes include provision for the installation and maintenance
by the division of all screens in ditches except those constructed
by the United States and those supplying water for power
generation.

Part and parcel with screen installation is the problem of
maintaining and improving some of the older ladders. In the
northern part of the State there are many old ladders which
should be reconstructed. Most of them were installed according
to specifications and in good faith. Many of them have been known
to be inadequate, and by law the division is authorized to replace
them.

During the last two years we have removed several abandoned
dams in order to make streams passable by fish. The actual removal
of these dams is not difficult, but it is a tedious process finding the
owners and getting their consent to the removal. Both ladder
reconstruction and dam removal should be continued as rapidly as
possible.

e. Rough fish control is one of the newer techniques which has been
found very effective in increasing productivity of certain waters.
It is usually accomplished through the use of rotenone, the well-
known insecticide. Waters can be treated to remove all fish life
at a cost for materials of from $0.60 to $1.20 per acre-foot of water.
Gull Lake, Mono County, was the first large lake treated. This
work was done in 1940, and improved fishing was evident after
replanting the following season and continued through the war
years. Although rough fish are again present, they have not yet
become so aJaundant as to limit trout production. Rehabilitation
of lakes and reservoirs by this method is very worthwhile even
though the waters may eventually become restocked with rough
fish. During the present biennium money has been budgeted for
the purchase of poison and a large number of waters have been
treated.

2. The second broad field of activity is that of study and research.
The number of questions of fact regarding fish and game that are raised
at almost every commission meeting, many of which remain unanswered,
are an indication of the continuing need for the gathering of facts about
our fishes and fishing waters and their proper management. The Fish
Commission of California was establislied in 1870, but no full-time aquatic
biologist was employed until 1925. That lone individual worked until his
death in 1930, and the division then entered into an agreement with the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for what was known as the Cooperative
Trout Investigations, and it was not until 1987 that tlie division made any
provision in its own organization for the work of trained biologists on
fresh-water fishery problems. That staff was reduced to four individuals
all during the war period.

F(jr purposes of organization, the State has been divided into eight
districts and eventually it is hoped that it will be possible to place each
district in charge of an experienced biologist, who can have two or three
assistants. The present assignment ol' tlie i)ermancnt biological employees
by districts is indicated on the ioUowing map.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 53

The fact-finding program includes the following major projects to
which could be added many minor routine problems that come up from
day to day.

a. The physical inventory to determine the size, tj^pe, location and
general suitability for fishes of the thousands of separate rivers,
creeks, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds of the State is known
as stream and lake survey. This is a continuing job which will
never be completed because of the changes which are constantly
taking place, and it is therefore carried on as opportunity permits.

b. The formulation of plans for management, including recommen-
dations for seasons, size limits, bag limits, stocking, and improve-
ment and protection of environment.

c. Determination of the best management techniques and practices
through study of survival of planted and natural fish of various
sizes and species under varying conditions, effect of stocking or
removal of species. Work of this kind is now being carried on at
Castle Lake, Siskiyou County ; Clear Lake, Lake County ; Miller-
ton Lake, Fresno County ; Santa Paula Creek, Ventura County ;
and Rush Creek, Mono County. Creel counts are being carried on
at various times on the Truckee River, Upper Truckee, Shasta
Lake, Conn Reservoir, and Stevens Creek Reservoir. Annual
counts of salmon are made on tlie Eel River, Mad River, and
Klamath River. Recovery of marked fish is being used at Lake
Almanor to determine results of planting. A special project along
these lines is now under way to determine the degree of depletion,
if any, in the striped bass fishery and the further essential facts
as to life history of the species in California necessary for manage-
ment and protection from any adverse effects of the Central Val-
leys Project.

d. The study and treatment of hatchery diseases and the develop-
ment of cheaper and better foods for hatchery use. Work along
these lines has paid large dividends during the last eight years.
Disease epidemics have been less severe, and our cost for fish food
has been kept near prewar levels, while soaring in other states.
Biologists have also assisted in recent experiments with planting
trout from airplanes.

e. The biological staff also has to bear most of the increasing burden
of preparing material for educational literature and movies, and
speaking at sportsmen's meetings. Accompanying this report is a
list of titles and abstracts of administrative reports and publica-
tions prepared by the biological staff July 1, 1 946, to June 30, 1948.

3. Fish planting is the largest activity of the bureau, both in terms
of expenditure and number of men employed. Over 20,000,000 trout and
3,500,000 salmon, weighing over 440,000 pounds, are now being produced
in hatcheries for planting. Varying numbers of trout and salmon are
obtained through rescue work and this is also the source of most of the
warm-water species used for stocking. The division now has 22 perma-
nently established trout hatcheries (at two of these salmon are also

54 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

reared), one hatchery for spiny-rayed fish, three hatcheries in experi-
mental use and development, and one hatchery under construction. It is
to be understood that the term hatchery as used in this report means a
building where fish eggs are hatched and fingerlings produced, or a group
of rearing ponds or possibly a combination of the two types of facilities.
The following is a list of the existing fish hatcheries operated by the
Bureau of Fish Conservation during the biennium.

ALPINE COUNTY

Alpine Hatchery near Markleeville (seasonal). Temporarily closed. 30 troughs,
no tanks or ponds.

FRESNO COUNTY

Huntington Lake Hatchery near Lakeshore (seasonal). 6 tanks, 16' long;
3 are standard width of 4' and 3 are less than 4' in width.

Kings River Hatchery, 56 miles east of Fresno. 100 troughs, no tanks or ponds.

HUMBOLDT COUNTY

Prairie Creek Hatchery near Orick. 80 troughs, 5 redwood tanks, 4' x 16' x 30",
located outside of hatchery building.

INYO COUNTY

Mt. Whitney Hatchery and Black Rock rearing ponds near Independence.
120 troughs, 2 circular ponds, and 3 rectangular ponds at hatchery, used largely
for spring spawning rainliow lirood stock. Two large rearing ponds and one brood
stock pond are maintained at Black Rock Springs.

KERN COUNTY

Kern Hatchery near Kernville. 10 troughs, 2 round redwood tanks 14' in
diameter, 30" deep. 8 concrete ponds, 80' x 12' x 30", two earth raceways divided
into 5 compartments each, length of each raceway about 300', average width about 6',
depth of water 14".

LASSEN COUNTY

Lake Almanor Hatchery near Westwood. 96 troughs, 8 redwood tanks,
4' X 16' X 30", located in hatchery building, and 3 cement ponds approximately
8' X 30' X 30",

LOS ANGELES COUNTY

Whittier Hatchery. 6 ponds, 100' x 12'. Temporary.

MADERA COUNTY

Madera Hatchery near Bass Lake (seasonal) . 4 troughs, 10 tanks, 16' x 4' x 30".

MARIPOSA COUNTY

Yosemite Hatchery in Yosemite National Park. 52 troughs, 4 tanks 16' x 4' x 24".

MONO COUNTY

Hot Creek rearing ponds near Bishop. 34 troughs, 35 rearing ponds, 2 brood
stock ponds.

PLACER COUNTY

Mt. Tallac Hatchery near Camp Richardson (seasonal). 52 troughs, 16 tanks
4' X 16' X 30".

Tahoc Hatchery near Tahoe City, 04 troughs, no ponds or tanks.

PLUMAS COUNTY

Feather River Hatchery near Clio. 60 troughs, 4 circular ponds, 20' in diameter,
concrete construction.

SACRAMENTO COUNTY

Central Valleys Hatchery near Elk Grove. 19 bass ponds, 19 daphnia tanks.

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY

Mojave River Hatchery near Victorvllle. 4 ponds. Put in operation June, 1947.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 00

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

Brookdale Hatchery near Brookdale. 40 troughs, 6 circular concrete ponds 16'
in diameter with an average depth of about 16". One rectangular pond, concrete
construction, approximately 35' long, 12' wide, average depth about IG".

SHASTA COUNTY

Burney Hatchery near Burney. 100 troughs, no ponds.

Crystal Lake Hatchery. 24 ponds constructed and put in operation October, 1947.

SIERRA COUNTY

Yuba River Hatchery near Camptonville. 30 troughs. There are no ponds or
tanks at this hatchery.

SISKIYOU COUNTY

Fall Creek Hatchery near Copco. 116 troughs, 9 ponds.

Mt. Shasta Hatchery near Mt. Shasta City. 458 troughs, 47 brood fish rearing
and spawning ponds. 36 ponds of earth bottom and wood side construction are used
for the holding of approximately 20,000 rainbow brood fish. Eleven ponds are used
for the rearing of aged fish for planting and also to bring on fish to be set aside for
brood stock.

TULARE COUNTY

Moorehouse Spring Hatchery near Porterville. 6 redwood tanks 14' in diameter,
30" deep. Put in operation June, 1947.

Kaweah Hatchery near Three Rivers. 60 troughs, no tanks or ponds.
Sequoia Hatchery near Visalia. Ten 14' round redwood tanks, 30" deep.

TUOLUMNE COUNTY

Basin Creek Hatchery near Tuolumne. 80 troughs, 9 tanks 16' long, 4' wide,
30" in depth.

VENTURA COUNTY

Fillmore Hatchery near Fillmore. 8 troughs, 3 circular tanks, 30 rearing ponds.

The operation of all fish hatcheries is carried on under the direction
of the Supervisor of Fish Hatcheries and seven Assistant Supervisors.
One of these assistants has headquarters in San Francisco and has
charge of the acquisition of property, equipment, and the planning of
maintenance and the construction of new facilities. The other six super-
visors have charge of the hatcheries in the various districts indicated on
the attached map, which shows the location of existing and proposed
hatcheries.

Tables in the appendix show the number of the hatchery-produced
trout and salmon planted in each county in 1946.

PUBLICATIONS BY STAFF MEMBERS OF THE
BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION

Development of Teeth in the California Fish Atherinops affinis. Garth I. Murphy.
Copeia, 1947, No. 3, pp. 198-199.

Report on Fisheries Resources in Connection "With the Proposed Yolo-Solano Develop-
ment of the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Leo Shapovalov. California
Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 61-88.

Distinctive Characters of the Species of Anadromous Trout and Salmon Found in Cali-
fornia. Leo Shapovalov. California Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 185-1!)0.

A System for Recording Measurements of Fish Scales. Leo Shapovalov. Transactions of
the American Fisheries Society, Vol. 74, pp. 59-62.

The Steelhead Fishery. Leo Shapovalov. Pp. 22-36 of Co-ordinated Plans for the ]Man-
agement of the Fisheries of the Pacific Coast, submitted to the Pacific .Marine
Fisheries Commission, April 5, 1948. Processed.

"King and Silver." Leo Shapovalov. Tyee Talcs, April, 1947.

Digest of California Angling Regulations. Pr('i>ari'il by Leo Shapovalov. California
State Printing Office, May, 1947.

56

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

A New Transplast of the Piute Trout {Salmo clarkii seleniris) from Silver King Creek,

Alpine County, California. Elden H. Vestal. California Fish and Game, Vol. 33,

No. 2, pp. 89-96.
Castle Lake Trout Investigation, First Phase : Interrelationships of Four Species. J. H.

Wales. California Fish and Game, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 109-143.
Castle Lake Trout Investigations : 1946 Catch, and Chemical Removal of All Fish. J. H.

Wales. California Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 267-286.
California's Fish Screen Program.. J. H. Wales. California Fish and Game, Vol. 34,

No. 2, pp. 45-52.
Spawning Habits of the Striped Bass {Roccus saxaiilis) in California Waters. Chester

WoodhuU. California Fish and Game, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 97-102.

SUPERVISORIAL AND BIOLOGICAL DISTRICTS AND LOCATION OF FISH HATCHERIES AND

REARING STATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF FISH CONSERVATION,

CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF FISH AND GAME

HATCHERIES

Prairie Creek

2. fall Creek

3. Ml. Shasia

4. Burney (Crystal lake)

5. Almanor

5. Feather River

7. Yuba River
Tahoe

9. rallac
10. Alpine
It. Central Valleys

12. Brookdale

13. Basin Creek

14. Yosemite

15. Madera

16.

17.

1i

19.

20.

21.

27.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

Hoi Creek

Huntington lake

Kings River

Black Rock

Mt. Wtiilney

Kaweah

Sequoia

Mooretiouse Spring

Kern

Fillmore

Wtiittier

Mojave

Cedar Creek

FiGUUE 21

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

57

Figure 22. Perforated plate fish screen with cleaning bar developed by K. W. Murphey

of the Division of Fish and Game and now under test on a tributary of the Shasta River.

This screen has the characteristics of simplicity and low fabrication, installation and

maintenance cost. It is particularly adapted to small ditches

58 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Titles and Abstracts of Administrative Reports Submitted by the
Biological Staff July 1 , 1 946, to June 3 0, 1 948

CALHOUN, Alexander J.

Observations of the Striped Bass Fishery in the Sacramento Delta Area
during April and May of 1946. Submitted July 11, 1946, 36 pp., 4 tables,
6 figures.

Abstract: Methods used in sampling the livery boat fishery are described.
Fishing effort and average daily catch at Frank's Tract are discussed. Length fre-
quencies and sexual maturity of the catch are discussed. The fishery in the mam
San Joaquin River is described. Average daily catch was between 1 and 2 bass
per angler day in most samples taken. Fish were ripe almost without exception,
and females averaged 26.5 inches, males averaged 18.5 inches, m the samples
measured. Migration and spawning time, as revealed by catch observations, are
taken up. The desirability of a closed season during the time of spawning is dis-
cussed, and it is concluded that such a measure has little to recommend it.

1944 Angling Catch Records of California. Submitted December 12, 1946.

18 pp. and tables.

Abstract: Results of the postal card survey of California angling catches in

19 44 are presented. An estimated 1,420,000 striped bass were caught. Other esti-
mates pertaining to the 1944 striped bass catch are derived and discussed. Other
species are not considered because of the restricted scope of the 1944 survey.

Progress Report on Studies of Striped Bass Reproduction in the Central

Valley, with a preliminary evaluation of the threat of the Delta Cross-Channel

to the striped bass population. Submitted November 20, 1947. 49 pp., 3 figures.

Abstract: Distribution and abundance of early stages of striped bass in
the Central Valley in 1947 on the basis of tow-net samples are outlined. Behavior
of eggs, larvae and fry in response to currents is discussed, and it is concluded
that prediction of losses of small bass at the Delta-Mendota pumps is impossible
on the basis of present information.

Analysis of 1946 Striped Bass Party Boat Fishing Effort. Submitted
March 9, 1948. 7 pp., 1 table.

Abstract: This report presents a breakdown of 1946 party boat permits
issued in the San Francisco office by type of operator, as well as estimates of fish-
ing effort expended by the various types, and for the striped bass party boat fishery
as a whole.

CURTIS, Brian

The Status of the Salton Sea Mullet Fishery. Submitted October 30, 1946.
5 pp., 2 tables.

Abstract: Recapitulation of 1946 catch shows totals of 30,000 fish weighing
174,000 pounds, lowest since resumption of fishery in 1943, but probably due in
part to death of many mullet in late 1945. Catch per net unit 3.5 pounds. No signi-
ficant index of depletion. Maintenance of present regulations is recommended for
1947, with a biological study to delimit the spawning season.

Report of the activities of the biological staff of the Bureau of Fish Con-
servation for the 39th Biennium, July 1, 1944, to June 30, 1946. Submitted
November 15, 1946.

Abstract: Describes the activities of the staff. Printed in large part in
"Thirty-ninth Biennial Report of the Division of Fish and Game" as part of the
report of the Bureau of BMsh Conservation.

The Frog Lake (Nevada County) Fishery in 1946. Submitted April 7.
1947. 14 pp., 5 tables, 1 figure.

Abstract: Four years of planting 15,000 RT annually, after four years of
planting equal number of RT, EB and BN, leave the BN still dominant in the
catch (58 percent). Poor showing of RT is discussed; gill netting of large BN
is recommended, and test of fall-spawning RT survival vs. spring-spawning stock.

Catch estimates and creel counts in California. Prepared for presentation
on June 4, 1947, at Santa Fe meeting of Western Association of State Game and
Fish Commissioners. 13 pp.

Abstract: Description of mail questionnaire used in sampling angler's catch
and of methods of estimate. Estimates are given for the years 1936-1943. Correla-
tion with survival data from creel counts indicates that only about one-eighth
of total trout catch results from hatchery planted trout.

DILL, William A.

Trout and Salmon of California. 30 pp.

The Warm-Water Fishes of California Fresh Waters. 10 pp. Both sub-
mitted January 21, 3948.

Abstract: Brief discussions and descriptions of the various fishes, prepared
for use at the wardens' schools conducted by tlie Bureau of Patrol.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 59

DILL, William A., & SOULE, Scott M.

Paper work in fish management. Report No. 3. Establishment of standard
methods. Submitted January 25, 1947. 11 pp. including 2 figures.

Abstract: Discusses need for uniformity and correlation in: Records of all
flies (in all offices) concerned with management; and in all instructions for use
of files, forms, and procedures. Outlines present status of "standard" sets of
instructions: Stream and lake survey (and forms) ; use of management binder
system ; filing and indexing of all types of stream and lake records. Defines
"standard" methods and procedures. Explains necessary steps to take in prepar-
ing them and explanations. Lists bottlenecks to accomplishment of above.

Paper work in fish management. Report No. 4. A suggested set of instruc-
tions for use of the management binder system. Submitted January 25, 1947.
3 pp. letter plus set of instructions, ii plus 23 pp. (incl. 1 fig.) plus 4 pp. addenda.
Abst7-act: Instructions designed for use of hatcherymen, biologists, central
office. Explains forms used in binder, how to fill them out, their arrangement and
indexing ; how to keep binders up to date ; interrelationships of the three offices.
Has filled-out sample forms. Accompanied by letter of explanation and miscel-
laneous addenda.

A fisheries survey of lakes in the Granite Creek Drainage, Madera County,
1946. Submitted April 29, 1948. 52 pp. including 3 figures (maps), 8 tables and
2 appendixes.

Abstract: Results of a July 1946 survey of 24 natural high-altitude trout
lakes. Explains why past management has not been satisfactory, (^ives general
description of drainage, lakes, fish populations, accessibility, and fishing intensity.
Compares past stocking with present fish populations. Recommends definite man-
agement practices including a new stocking policy, improvement work, improve-
ment of field knowledge (by hatchery personnel) and records. Recommends addi-
tional surveys in areas. Gives methods (including a stocking table) and itinerary
of 1946 trip. It is shown that despite little stocking, the "carry over" of hatchery
fish may be high, and that natural propagation may often be sufficient to provide
satisfactory fishing.

EVANS, Willis A.

Reconnaissance of Upper Sweetwater River, San Diego County, with refer-
ence to stream improvement. Submitted August 30, 1946. 8 pp. plus 1 map.

Abstract: The Sweetwater River was examined from Lake Loveland to
headwaters. Conditions found unsuitable as year around habitat for trout below
Hulburd Grove. Area within Cuyamaca State Park is only section satisfactory
for permanent trout stream. Cold Spring Creek is best area. A two-mile section
of it is recommended for stream improvement work in form of small rock check
dams, done cooperatively by Division of Fish and Game and Division of State
Parks. After improvement, plant with aged fish. Extreme headwaters should be
planted with fingerling RB trout at periodic intervals of 4-5 years. The map indi-
cates section of stream suitable as trout habitat.

ERASER, J. C.

Poisoning of McMurray Lake, Nevada County. Submitted January 15,
1948. 9 pp., 1 photo, 1 table.

Abstract: McMurray Lake, Nevada County, was poisoned with rotenone on
September 14, 1947, to rid it of a large population of catfish. Report describes
character of the lake, the poisoning program, and observations made during and
after the poisoning. Seven brown trout were recovered and 22,672 catfish with an
average length of 4.7 inches were actually counted. Catfish population was esti-
mated at 33,000.

The Frog Lake (Nevada County) Fishery in 1947. Submitted March 21,
1948. 10 pp., 5 tables.

Abstract: 203 anglers fished 767 hours and caught 431 trout as follows:
RT 85 (20 percent), EB 128 (30 percent), BN 218 (50 percent) ; average catch
per angler 2.1 ; per angler hour 0.56. Fishing better than in 1947. BN still domi-
nate catch ; EB are increasing, probably due to natural reproduction ; RT not
increasing significantly. Marked KT were planted in 1947 in four groups ; spring
spawning and fall spawning from Mt. Shasta ; same from Tallac. Objective : To
determine relative survival by intensive counts in 1948.

MURPHY, Garth I.

A survey of Stony Creek, Grindstone Creek, and Thomas Creek drainages
in Glenn, Colusa, and Tehama Counties. Submitted September 2, 194G. 28 pp.,
25 photos.

Abstract: Brief survey to determine extent of trout in above drainages. In
general trout water starts at 2,500 feet. Streams are relatively inaccessible, and
well stocked with trout. Little planting needed. Streams lack adequate shade
causing excessively warm water. Several possible hatchery and rearing pond sites
discussed. Recommended : That a holding pond be established to accommodate
at least 37,000 RT at 15 per ounce and that these fish be distributed by pack stock
in Middle Fork of Stony Creek, Grindstone Creek, Killdry Creek, and Thomas
Creek, that in cooperation with U. S. Forest Service increase of shade be attempted
experimentally by planting willows and alders on a one-quarter mile section of
South Stony Creek.

60 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Clear Lake, Lake County, Investigation. Progress Report No. 1. Submitted

September 27, 1946. 6 pp.

Abstract: A report on the material gathered during the summer of 1946,
with recommendations for future investigatiuns.

Observations on Conn Valley Reservoir, Napa County, on July 18 and
August 3, 194G. Submitted September 27, 1946. 8 pp., 5 photos, 1 map.

Abstract: Thermocline at about 13 feet, with no O2 below. Water 75 degrees
and up above thermocline. RT concentrated in creek arms where water slightly
cooler. A research program for Conn "Valley Reservoir or Stevens Creek Reservoir
suggested and outlined.

Notes on Hardhead Control in the East Fork of Russian River, Mendocino
County, California. Submitted November 17, 1947. 9 pp., map and 3 figs.

Abstract: Described the drainage of Potter Valley, a series of erosion control
check dams in the valley, and the distribution of fishes in the waters. Apparently
Hardhead (Mylopharodon) are either present as resident, nonmigratory popula-
tions above a 7-foot 6-inch barrier or are able to surmount the obstacle during
their spawning migration. Additional studies to clarify this problem are suggested.

The Fishery of Clear Lake, Lake County, California. Submitted March 15,

1948. 60 pp., 10 figs.. Tables I-XXII, App. I, Exhibits A and B, App. II, Tables

A-G.

Abstract: General report on investigation of Clear Lake 1946-1947. Includes
descriptive material on Clear Lake, growth rate studies of important fishes,
analysis of the commercial and sport catch of Clear Lake, history of the fishery,
description of a closed season experiment, and a discussion of the rough fish
population of Clear Lake. * * * The populations of fishes in Clear Lake are in a
healthy condition and are not suffering from overfishing. The sport catch con-
sisting of 70 percent catfish, 10 percent LMB, 10 percent BCR, and 10 percent BG,
remained relatively stable 1936 to 1944. The 1946 catch was off about 40 percent,
apparently correlated with a decline of rough fish population, indicating that
game fish had decreased in numbers when their supply of forage decreased. * * *
Closed season experiment indicated that LMB will respond favorably to protec-
tion during spawning, in terms of numbers of young produced. * * * In order to
bring Clear Lake into full production, it will be necessary to increase the forage
fish supply. Differential protection applied to LMB should increase their per-
centage of the total population, probably at the expense of competing species such
as white catfish and crappie.

MURPHY, Garth I., and CHANDLER, Harry P.

The Effect of TDE on Fish and on the Plankton and Littoral Fauna in
Lower Blue Lake, Lake County, California. Submitted June 25, 1948. 33 pp.,
2 figs.

Abstract: Lake was treated by the Department of Agriculture with TDE
in a Xylene-Triton emulsion November 7, 1947, at the rate of 1 part to 45 million
to rid it of the Clear Lake gnat Chaoborus astictopus D & S. Daily samples of
water, plankton and lish were taken by Division of Fish and Game and other
observations made for five days before and seven days after the treatment with
an occasional sample during the next two months to determine the effect on fish
and fish food organisms. The insect and crusteacea fauna was so greatly reduced
that it is doubtful that the fish could maintain themselves. After six weeks some
species of crusteacea gained former numbers (not volume). Large numbers of
black crappie (the most abundant fish) were killed. Experiments were carried
out to determine the relative toxicity of different concentrations of various insecti-
cides on three species of fish. The gnat was apparently eliminated according to
U. S. Department of Agriculture report.

SHAPOVALOV, Leo

Report on Fisheries Resources in Connection With the Proposed Yolo-
Solano Project of the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Submitted July 5,
1946. 50 pp., incl. 20 photos, plus 1 map.

Abstract: The proposed Yolo-Solano Project of the U. S. Bureau of Recla-
mation is a multiple-purpose feature of the Central Valley Project, providing
for irrigation, domestic water supply, power, salinity control, navigation, and
recreation benefits. In general, it involves (1) the storage of runoff waters from
Cache and Putah Creeks in Lake and Napa Counties, by means of three large
reservoirs and dams and (2) diversions from the Sacramento River at Knights
Landing and Lindsey Slough. Construction of reservoirs on tributaries of Clear
Lake is also being considered.

The report describes the proposed project and existing conditions, prognos-
ticates changes in the fish populations and fisheries apt to result through the
construction of the project, and presents recommendations in regard to the con-
struction and operation of the proposed works which will insure the maximuin
development and utilization of the waters involved as sport fishing areas.

Recommendations include initial heavy stocking of I^MB in Monticello Res-
ervoir and Putah Creek Rediversion Dam Reservoir, control of undesirable fish
species above site of Indian Valley Dam and subsequent stocking of RT in Indian
Valley Reservoir and screening and maintenance of flows where needed.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 61

SOULE, Scott M.

Poisoning Shaver Lake, Fresno County, California. Report No. 1. Investiga-
tion as to Conditions Necebsary and Feasibility. Submitted April 22, 1947. ii plus
19 pp., incl. 1 fig. and 3 tables.

Abstract : Gives general description of Shaver Lake, including brief sum-
mary of Southern California Edison Company hydro-electric development on San
Joaquin River. Mentions possibilities of controlling poisoned water with outlet
diversion closed and with outlet diversion flowing (depending on dilution to pre-
vent fish loss below). Lists conditions necessary for poisoning. Discusses feasi-
bility and concludes poisoning is feasible only if Edison Company will make a
special effort to control the lake to provide conditions necessary for the poisoning.

An Analysis of Trout Scales From Conn Valley Reservoir, Napa County,
1947. Submitted April 25, 1948. 14 pp.

Abstract: Scales from 99 of the 2,980 rainbow trout checked at the reservoir
May 1-4, 1947, were analyzed on the basis of scale pattern, circuli count to first
check or break, and scale and fish measurements. It was concluded that 30 of the
99 RT consisted of hatchery fish from the initial plant of 100,000 RT fingerlings
April 1946 ; and that between 625 and 1,192 of the 2,980 fish checked were from this
plant.

VESTAL, Elden H.

A New Transplant of the Piute Trout (f^ahno clarkii seleniris) From Silver
King Creek, Alpine County, California. Submitted September 15, 1946. 11 pp., 1
fig., appendix.

Abstract: Survey of the North Fork of Cottonwood Creek, in southeastern
Mono County, revealed its possibilities for a new and remote sanctuary for the
Piute trout, whose numbers have recently been reduced in its native Fish Valley,
Alpine County, by poaching. During separate trips into Upper Fish Valley, Piute
trout for a transplant were located and captured; and on August 23, 1946, 403
fish of all sizes (IJ to 10 inches) were planted in a selected section of the North
Fork of Cottonwood Creek. Recommendations for management of the sanctuary
are given. In an appendix several recommendations are given for the manage-
ment of Upper Fi.sh Valley.

Report on Fertilization Test With Lower Virginia and Trumbull Lakes,
Mono County, California. Submitted November 25, 1946. 11 pp., 4 tables.

Abstract : Lower Virginia Lake, of 12.3 acres located nine miles west of Con-
way Summit, California, at an elevation of 9,250 feet, was fertilized at the start of
the growing season with 1,700 pounds of an 8-8-4 commercial fertilizer along with
6.41 liters of liquid trace elements. Trumbull Lake with similar characteristics
and located 0.4 miles away, was not fertilized and was used for comparison in the
fertilization test. At the end of the growing season there had been a greater growth
and increase in plant life and plankton (by 26 times in volume of catch) in the
fertilized lake.

Creel returns from Crowley Lake, Mono County, California, 1946. Sub-
mitted March 1, 1947. 7 pp., 1 fig., 2 tables.

Abstract: A creel count was made at Crowley Lake, which has a surface
area of 5,284 acres and a maximum depth of 114 feet, by the Bureau of Patrol.
During a season of 75 days, 13,181 anglers caught a total of 21,905 fish. Twenty
thousand nine hundred eight (95.5 percent) were rainbow ; 859 (3.9 percent) were
brown trout, and 138 (0.6 percent) were Tahoe cutthroat The total recorded catch
weighed 33,242 pounds, indicating a yield of about 6.2 pounds per surface acre.
The average catch per angler per hour for the season was 0.26. Recorded catch is
estimated at little more than 50 percent of total.

Creel Returns From Crowley Lake, Mono County, California, 1947. Sub-
mitted September 1, 1947. 6 pp., 2 tables.

Abstract: A creel count at Crowley Lake was conducted by the Bureau of
Patrol during the periods May 1-7 and July 2-7, 1947. During the 13 days of cen-
sus 3 364 anglers fished 22,089 hours and caught 4,376 fish, including 4,143 rain-
bow (94 4 percent), 203 brown trout (4.6 percent), and 30 Tahoe cutthroat (less
than 1 percent) Over a similar period of 13 days in 1946, 3,832 anglers fished
23 981 hours and caught 7,943 fish, including 7,495 rainbow (94.3 percent). 382
brown trout (4.8 percent), and 66 Tahoe cutthroat (less than 1 percent). Several
recommendations are given for changes in fisheries management at Crowley Lake.

Report on the Creel Census at Rush Creek Test Stream, Mono County,
California, 1947. Submitted November 15, 1947. 16 pp., 4 tables, 2 figs., 4 pis.

(8 photos). .^ ^ . ,r T 1

Abstract: Rush Creek Test Stream, 3.7 miles long, tributary to Mono Lake,
was opened for creel survival studies on summer and late fall-planted catchable
trout on May 1 1947. Pre-census fish present in the stream were brown, rainbow,
and eastern brook trout ; no browns were planted after 1941 and the eastern brook
have not been planted. From May 13 to August 4 five spaced summer test plantings
were made in the stream of 2,000 catchable (average seven inches) rainbow trout
Anob nil marked LV : on September 22d, the first winter carryover plant of 4,000

of 184 days, 5.778 anglers fl.shed 19,569 hours for 10,360 marked and unmarked
trout. Marked 1947 planted fish contributed 87 percent of the catch. Out of the

62

PISII AND GAME COMMISSION

Figure 2:j. Anglers on Rush Creek teat alreani, Mono County, May 2, ILi li

10,000 LV trout planted, 8,881 (88.8 percent) were caught in 172 days of fishing;
7,020 of these were taken by July 31st. Unmarked fish contributed 13 percent
of total catch for 19 47 ; and 1,104 were browns, 214 rainbow, and 33 were eastern
brook. Average catch per angler hour for the season was 0.52. Per mile use of the
stream in 1947 is discussed.

Report of Aquatic Plant Control at Twin Lakes, Mammoth, Mono Co.,
California. Submitted December 8, 1947. 13 pp., 1 tbl., 6 figures (5 photos).

Abstract : The two lower Twin Lakes over a period of years had become
obstructed by dense aquatic plant growth, chiefly Anacharis. The inain portion
of the center lake (12.7 acres) and the lower lake (9.4 acres) were each treated
with 700 pounds of sodium arsenite, with 7.5 percent arsenious oxide, mixed with
water and applied as spray. Effective initial concentration for the center lake
was 2.6 p. p.m. and 4.0 p.p.m. for the lower lake. Collapse of plant growth reopened
the entire 12.7 acres treated in the center lake nearly a month after treatment;
and by onset of winter freezeover two and one-half weeks after treatment in
the Icwer lake, 7.7 of the entire 9.4 acres had been reopened by similar collapse.
Fish loss was negligible. Since sodium arsenite will not control or eliminate
aquatic vegetation permanently, periodic treatment of the Twin Lakes, important
for angling and recreation, may be necessary.

VESTAL, Elden H. and LEWIS, Robert C.

Report on Airplane Fish-planting Tests in Mono County, California.
Submitted August 12, 1946. 8 pp.

Abstract: Using division plane, tests were conducted with CT 50-ounce,
RT 10-ounce, 3-ounce, fl- to 8-pound, and with four brood fish from Hot Creek
Hatchery. Fish were dumped directly, dropped in containers with and without
lid, and in containers slung from a canopy cargo chute. Heights of release varied
from 25 feet to 1,000 feet, with most drops from 300 to about 450 feet. The aver-
age speed of the plane was about 100 miles per hour. Drops were made in the
mornmg from 7 to 11 a.m. Free-fall planting from 300 to 400 feet seemed to be
the most successful in the direct release scries. Fish from 50 to three ounces sur-
vived direct release better than larger fl.sh used. EB responded better than RT
Fish not immediately stunned swam for cover or deep water ; majority of fish
stunned recovered in two to five minutes. Predation (gulls) was high in first five
minutes after relea.se. Fish planted by direct relea.se of containers were mostly
killed or injured. Chute method was most successful of all tried — fish arriving
at impact area in excellent condition. Repetition of tests is recommended with
plane adapted for purpose, since some mortality resulted from fish striking sta-
bilizer and tail assembly of division plane.

Report on the Second Airplane Fish-planting Tests in Mono County, Cali-
fornia. Submitted July 30, 1947. 8 pp., 1 table.

Abstract: The second scries of airplane planting tests are described and
planting notes and observations are presented and discu.ssed. Free fall planting-
is con.sidered to be the method of choice for practical fl.sh planting in High Sierra
lakes. It is recommended that the Bureau of Fish Conservation proceed to have
designed and equipped a plane for fish planting in the High Sierras

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 63

WALES, Joseph H.

Summary of Activities of the Fish Screen anrl Ladder Crew from Janu-
ary 1, to October 1, 1946. Submitted October l.j, 11)4G. 5 pp.

AbsU-act: A statement of the present status of fish screens in Northern
California is given. The difficulties of maintaining screens and the shortcomings
of fish screens are outlined. A plan to reduce the number of screens to about 30
is proposed. These must be modern and will be freciuently serviced. The present
status and future plans for our Northern California fish ladders are outlined.
Removal of abandoned dams and natural falls has important place. Projects for
1947 are listed.

Creel Census — May 1, 1947. McCloud River Mouth, Shasta County. Sub-
mitted May 31, 1947. 4 pp., 1 table.

Abstract: On Maj' 1, 1947, a creel census was made at the mouth of the
McCloud River (both in river and in Shasta Lake). Eighty-eight shore fishermen
were counted and 14 contacted. Average catch per shore fisherman was 4.6 fish or
0.9 fish per hour. Average catch for boat fishermen was 1.5 fish or 0.3 fish per hour.
These figures indicate a lower catch from the boats than in the two previous
years but a larger shore catch. However, the fish caught from shore in 1947 were
smaller than in 1945 and 1946. The trout catch for both shore and lake fishermen
in 1947 showed no improvement over 1945 and 1946 but there was improvement
in a much reduced number of rough fish. No cause can be found for the smaller
catch of these squawfish and hardheads.

Castle Lake Trout Inve.stigation ; 1946 Catch, and Chemical Removal of
all Fish. (Siskiyou County.) Submitted June 20, 1947. 21 pp., 14 tables, 1 figure.

Abstract: In 1946, 667 anglers caught 1,275 fish from Castle Lake (0.48 per
hour or 1.9 per angler day). Twenty fishermen caug:ht over 50 percent of all fish
and 57 percent of anglers caught nothing. As in previous years the BN constituted
over half the catch, RT less than one-fourth and even fewer EB despite nearly
equal plants of all. Lake poisoned on October 9, 1946, and all fish possible were
recovered and recorded. Numbers were as follows: BN, 2,027; EB, 364 (planted
in 1946) ; EB, 50 (planted prior to 1946 ; RT, 44 ; mackinaw, 81 ; black dace, several
thousand ; golden shiners, several hundred. Small numbers of RT recovered prob-
ably due to fact that they were in deeper water when killed and could not be
recovered. Fingerlings planted prior to poisoning then recovered yielded data on
mortality during critical period. Mortality of all trout planted in lake during past
nine years divided as follows: 90-97 percent due to natural causes, 3 to 10 per-
cent caught by anglers. A new method of siphoning cube liquid into deep water is
described.

Creel Censuses in District 1, May 1, 1948

1. McCloud River, Mouth, 3 pp.

2. Shasta River, 3 pp.

3. Klamath River, 5 pp.

Submitted May 13, 14, and 17, 1948.

AbstJ'act: 1. Only 28 anglers fished here May 1st, probably due to weather
and road conditions. Total catch : Five RT, one BN, one "pike." The average of
0.24 fish per hour is far lov.er than in any of the three preceding years. No marked
PtT from Almanor Hatchery in catch.

2. Open May 1st from mouth five miles up for first time in several years.
Eighty-six (most of the) anglers checked, known to have caught 260 SH. Catch
per hour 1.37 for lower half of section, 0.79 for upper. Size range four inches to 18
inches, with 92 percent from five inches to nine inches.

3. From Fall Creek to Scott River 108 anglers (a fairly complete check)
had 135 SH and one probable salmon. 0.50 fish per hour from Shasta River to
Fall Creek, 0.39 from Shasta River to Scott River. Size range four inches to 18
inches, with 84 percent five inches to nine inches.

WOODHULL, Chester

A Preliminary Investigation of the Mokelumne River from Tiger Creek to
Pardee Reservoir. Submitted October 8, 1946. 14 pp. plus 1 map, 3 graphs and
9 photos.

Abstract: A summary of the proposed changes of the P. G. & E. hydro
system ; and a physical and biological survey of the river. A new plant will be
constructed, the Electra Plant is to be enlarged and a tunnel system will replace
the Electra canals. Regulating dams 18 to 22 feet high will be built at the plants.
The mean flows needed by the plants exceed the mean stream flow. Because of the
exposed character and low altitude of the river, a suggested minimum release
of water is set at 15 c.f.s., to maintain this fine trout stream.

Spawning habits of the striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) in California
waters. Submitted November 1946. 12 pp., 3 figures.

Abst7-act: Describes observations of spawning behavior of striped bass;
collection of eggs ; and data on location and conditions.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

65

REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF GAME
CONSERVATION

The biennium of 1946-48 has seen several major changes in the
Bureau of Game Conservation which we feel have resulted in providing
better service to the sportsmen who harvest the game, and to the land-
owners who raise it.

A reevaluation of state game refuges has been made with the result
that some which have outlived their purpose have been opened to hunting
while there have been boundary changes in others. Some local opposition
was met in 1947 but cooperative formulation of plans for the 1948 hunting
season gives indications of harmony and a common purpose.

Among the more noteworthy of the changes in the bureau has been
the absorption of the former Bureau of Game Farms.

UPLAND GAME BIRD PRODUCTION

On July 1, 1946, the Bureau of Game Farms, for many years under
the direction of August Bade (retired from state service in 1946), was
dissolved and the work put under the direction of the Bureau of Game
Conservation. Mr. Carlisle Van Ornum, Supervisor of Game Farms, has
bent every effort to make the former Bureau of Game Farms fit into the

Figure 24. Aerial view of the Yountville Game Farm, heart of the division's game

farm system, supplies eggs and young birds to other Bureau of Game Conservation

installations and more than a score of sportsmen's club holding pens

3—16763

66 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

present set-up in order that all agencies dealing witli upland game birds
will pursue a unified policy.

Several game farm units, authorized by the Legislature during the
war years but uncompleted due to material shortages, were put into
production. Among these were units at Marysville, Chico, Los Banos,
Porterville, and Brawley.

During the years January 1, 1946, to December 31, 1947, the state
units and sportsmen's pens raised and liberated 115,632 upland game
birds. Of this number, 102,233 were ring-necked pheasants (38,697
were raised in sportsmen's pens), 1,278 were Reeves pheasants, 11,066
Chukar partridges, 702 valley quail and 353 wild stock turkeys. A
summary of the liberation of game birds will be found in the appendix,
page 106. Of the above pheasants, 30,546 w^ere banded. Bands returned
by hunters totaled 1,842, or 6.03 percent. About the same number of
females were banded to facilitate the field study of this species.

As directed by the Fish and Game Commission, all Chukar par-
tridges in Northern California game farm units were taken to Southern
California in the early spring of 1947, and Chukar raising discontinued
north of the Tehachapi Mountains. Several Chukar coveys are well
established in Owens Valley, Inyo County.

In the spring of 1947 we sent to the State of Arizona 500 pheasant
eggs and 200 Chukar partridge eggs for which we hope to get wild
turkeys.

In the fall of 1946 a number of changes were made in the personnel
of the production farms. The superintendent at Yountville was trans-
ferred to the division's headquarters in San Francisco, the superin-
t^ ,^7.tendent at Chino was moved to Yountville, the superintendent at Fresno
(>^' 0 moved to Chino (the superintendent position being abolished at Fresno),
1^ ^ ^ and the foreman at Chino moved to Fresno. These necessary changes
\'^' adversely affected our production temporarily in that the experienced
fjf" men arriving at their new positions had to learn their districts, the men

under them, and the peculiarities of the equipment they had to handle.

GAME MANAGEMENT AREAS

The game management area plan, initiated in California by the
1939 State Legislature, was an effort to stimulate the landowner's
interest in the game crop. It was intended to foster and increase the
supply of upland game through private management of the land for
game production, and by restocking with pi'ivately raised birds. This
production of additional shooting is made economically possible by
hunters of sufficient means paying extra for a longer season taking both
sexes, and a bigger legal bag than it is possible to supply to the general
hunting public.

During the 1946 season there were 10 operators who controlled
23,263 acres. These operators liberated 2,918 pheasants and 85 valley
quail and killed 1,820 pheasants (927 males and 893 females) and 99
valley quail (61 males and 38 females).

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 67

As the valley quail were released in the spring, the operators were
allowed to take more than they liberated. Hunting took up 1,021 man-
da^'s. The season was not particularly successful as all areas were com-
mercial and the operators found it difficult to control the public on their
land.

The following year the State Legislature modified the law and
allowed noncommercial areas where the public was excluded. The num-
ber of commercial areas dropped to one and the noncommercial areas
increased to 24. As noncommercial areas were limited to 2,500 acres
the total acreage was not as large in proportion to the number of areas
as in the previous year.

During the 1947 season there were 25 operators who controlled
32,828 acres. These operators liberated 7,337 pheasants and killed 3,896
(1,960 males and 1,936 females). We were able to inspect, check and
control these areas much better in 1947 than in 1946 and found that
28 percent of the birds taken had game management area bands on their
legs. Hunting took up 1,919 man-days.

The season was successful from the standpoint of the operators
and their guests. Quite a number of areas were operated by hunting
dog men for the purpose of training dogs and allowing dog owners to
hunt and work their dogs. Of the 25 operators, only six shot over 90
percent of the allowable 70 percent of the birds liberated.

PREDATOR CONTROL

During the biennium a grand total of 8,574 coyotes and 2,653 bob-
cats were taken by our predatory animal hunters and trappers.

A total of 4,943 other lesser predators were taken during the same
period. A summary of the predators taken during the biennium will be
found in the appendix, page 105.

MOUNTAIN LION CONTROL

A total of 219 mountain lions were taken during the calendar year
of 1946, and 195 in the calendar year of 1947 for a grand total of 414
mountain lions during this two-year period.

Of the 414, 99 were taken by state lion hunters and 315 were taken
by private persons. It is pointed out that the state lion hunters operate
where there have been complaints by stock ranchers and that they get
into country that is generally inaccessible to the general public. A sum-
mary of the mountain lions taken from 1907 through 1947, inclusive, will
be found in the appendix, between pages 104-105.

GAME MANAGEMENT DISTRICTS

During the biennium this most important phase of habitat and
game population control has been set up on a district basis. These dis-
tricts and the corresponding game managers in charge are as follows:
South Coast Counties, Mr. D. M. Selleck ; Southern California, Mr.
J. Laughlin ; Northeastern California, Mr. J. D. Stokes ; Central Valley,

68 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Mr. L. H. Cloyd. It is the responsibility of each game manager to
investigate game problems and apply corrective measures within his
district and to administer bureau installations. Work being accomplished
includes depredation control in conjunction with the Bureau of Patrol ;
operation of winter deer ranges, elk refuge, waterfowl refuges, and
waterfowl management areas; trapping and transplanting upland and
big game; inspection of game management area operations; develop-
ment of quail and other upland game habitat. Game Manager R. E. Cur-
tis acts in a supervisory and advisory capacity to the district game
managers, integrating their efforts into a common program.

CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LANDS
(Other Than Game Farms)

Tehama Deer Winter Range with 28,589.60 acres (additional pur-
chases pending) was purchased from 1943 to 1948, inclusive, to protect
the winter range from natural food depletion by heavy stock-grazing.

Doyle Deer Winter Range with 11,700 acres was purchased in 1948.

Honey Lake Waterfowl Management Area (including Biscar
Reservoir) with 3,519.70 acres was purchased from 1942 to 1944,
inclusive.

Imperial Waterfowl Management Area with 535.24 acres (addi-
tional purchase pending) was purchased in 1948.

Madeline Plains Waterfowl Management Area with 4,776.10 acres
was purchased in 1945-46.

Gray Lodge Waterfowl Refuge with 2,541.51 acres was purchased
in 1931-32.

Imperial Waterfowl Refuge with 2,064.43 acres was purchased
in 1931-32.

Los Banos Waterfowl Refuge with 3,000.00 acres was purchased
in 1929.

Suisun Waterfowl Refuge with 1,887.00 acres was purchased in 1932.

FEDERAL AID IN WILDLIFE RESTORATION
( PITTM AN-ROBERTSON )

This program has expanded greatly during the biennium and the
return to the sportsman and game administrator is and shall continue to
be of practical usability. Although some equipment and materials were
still scarce, surveys and investigations, development, and land acquisi-
tions proceeded at an accelerated rate.

For the fiscal year, 1946-47, California received a federal aid in wild-
life restoration apportionment of $103,132.34 and for the year 1947-48,
$374,283.09. California's contribution, as required by the act, brought the
total available for expenditure during the biennium to $636,453.91.

A total of 14 projects was in operation during all or part of the bien-
nium. Of these, eight were of the surveys and investigations category,
three were development projects, two provided for the acquisition of

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 69

lands, and one coordination project facilitated land acquisition and coor-
dinated the efforts of the state departments concerned. Following is an
account of the various projects which have been undertaken :

Surveys and Investigations

Project 24-R, a survey of reported critical deer ranges in California,
was begun in 1946 and completed June 30, 1947. The final report was
completed and submitted to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The
results of this study are being utilized by the present Project 28-R. The
project was initially led by Mr. J. F. Ashley, who was transferred to other
duties in 1946. The survey was then taken over and carried to completion
by Mr. H. A. Hjersman.

Project 19-R, the study of the life history and management of moun-
tain quail in California, began in 1946 and is being continued. This proj-
ect was led by Mr. R. W. Enderlin, who resigned in 1947. The leader since
that time has been Mr. E. V. Miller.

Project 20-R, a survey of waterfowl food plants of California, began
in 1946 and is being conducted under contract with the University of Cali-
fornia. The leader is Dr. H. L. Mason, University Herbarium.

Project 22-R, the life history and management of the ring-necked
pheasant in California, began in 1945 and is begin continued. This project
has been led by Mr. F. M. Craig (resigned, 1946) and Mr. II. "W. Twining
(resigned, 1948). The present project leader is Mr. C. M. Ferrel.

Project 25-R, a study of the food habits of California game birds and
mammals and species affecting their welfare, began in 1946 and is being
continued. The project leader is Mr. D. F. Tillotson.

Project 28-R, a study of deer population and management problems
in California, began in 1947 and is being conducted under contract with
the University of California. The leader is Dr. A. S. Leopold of the Uni-
versity i\Iuseum of Vertebrate Zoology.

Project 30-R, a study of production, migration, and wintering areas
of waterfowl in California, began in 1948 and is continuing under the
leadership of Mr. J. E. Chattin.

Project 31-R, a study of the effects of brush removal on game ranges
in California, began in the latter portion of the biennium and is being
conducted under contract with the University of California under the
leadership of Dr. H. A. Biswell of the School of Forestry.

Development Projects

Project 18-1), the live-trapping and transplanting of beaver, com-
menced in iVIay, 1945, was still in operation at the close of this biennium.
One additional trapping and transplanting crew was added in 1948 and,
to date, the two crews have trapped and liberated 337 beaver at 84 loca-
tions. This species is proving popular with forest officials and others desir-
ous of improving stream habitat and grazing lands. The project leader is
Mr. A. L. Hensley.

Project 27-D involved the repair of Tule Lake Dam and construction
of diversion works to provide water for the ponds of the IMadeline Plains
Waterfowl Management Area. The work was performed and completed

70

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

during the fall and winter of 1946-47 by the Division of Water Resources,
Department of Public Works, for the Division of Fish and Game,

Project 26-D, working on the restoration of the various species of
quail in California, represents the major effort in habitat development.
This program has developed as a result of experimental work performed
by project 6-R. During the biennium about 150 "gallinaceous guzzlers,"
or rain catchment aprons with underground cisterns and access ramps,
were constructed primarily to provide water for thirsty quail. Many acres
of habitat unsuitable because of lack of water are now producing thou-
sands of additional quail for California 's hunters. Much of this construc-
tion received financial aid from county fine moneys and physical aid from
sportsmen and other interested persons.

Figure 25. View of "gallinaceous guzzler" showing use by valley quail

(San Benito County)

The majority of this work was accomplished by one crew under the
leadership of Mr. F. T. Ross. At the close of the biennium three separate
"guzzler" crews were operating with one additional crew authorized.
These watering devices were being produced at the rate of 15 to 20 each
month.

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

71

DISEASE LABORATORY

The disease laboratory, a bureau function located in StraAvberry
Canyon on the campus of the University of California in Berkeley, has
expanded its program but the working space is inadequate. Under the
direction of Dr. C. M. Herman the staff discovered pullorum, a serious
intestinal disease, among the state game farm pheasants in the spring of
1947. That fall an extensive control program was initiated with the result
that the disease was eradicated. An outbreak of infectious coryza was
found in one of the game farm units and the disease was eradicated.

Figure 26. The recently acquired mobile wildlife laboratory operated by the Bureau
of Game Conservation is equipped for on-the-spot investigations and autopsies in the
field. Speedy diagnosis of wildlife diseases enables the division to inaugurate control

measures without delay

Investigation of reported hoof and mouth disease in deer in several
local outbreaks disclosed the disease to be foot-rot. Work on this is being
continued as cases occur. This was an infection caused by anaerobic bac-
teria produced in waterholes which were at a low level because of scant
rainfall.

Many other studies were in progress at the close of the biennium and
outbreaks of game diseases were investigated both in the field and the
laboratory upon their occurrence.

72

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

BEAVER TRAPPING

Owing to the increase of the beaver population in the delta area of
the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, an area in excess of 1,500 miles
of waterways was opened to the commercial trapping of beaver from
November 15, 1947, until the last day of February, 1948. One hundred
nineteen special permits were issued to licensed trappers of which 86
participated. The revenue received by the trappers for 842 of the 975
beaver trapped was $14,270, or an average of $16.95 per pelt. This is
one example of the long-range management plan of the bureau in
harvesting the surplus over and above the balance between population
and habitat.

Figure 27. View of beaver dam established by transplanted
beavers (Tuolumne County)

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 73

BIG GAME TRAPPING

The biennium has experienced an expanded program of manipula-
tion of big game populations. In an attempt to create new centers of
game populations for eventual harvesting by sportsmen in presently
unoccupied habitat, requests for moving big game were made by sports-
men, the Division of Parks, and the Fish and Game Commission.
Although this management tool is relatively new in California and the
procedure expensive, the following trapping and transplanting was
accomplished :

Antelope — 38 head were trapped at Mud Flat, Lassen County, of
which 32 survived the transport, and were liberated near Mono Lake,
Mono County, in 1947.

Elk — 17 head were trapped at the Prairie Creek Redwoods State
Park near Orick, Humboldt County, and were liberated in Bear Valley,
Del Norte County, in 1947.

Deer — About 40 head were trapped in Capay Valley, Yolo County,
and liberated in the Livermore Hills area in several counties.

One of the lengthiest hauls of trapped deer in history involved the
movement of 49 deer from Lassen County to the Providence Mountains
of San Bernardino County.

74 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

REPORT OF BUREAU OF LICENSES

As the Division of Fish and Game is a self-supporting state agencj^
the responsibility of the Bureau of Licenses is to manage the printing
and distribution of licenses as well as collecting all moneys received from
the sale of licenses. In all there are 19 kinds of licenses bringing a yearly
revenue of approximately $4,589,900. The principal licenses are : Hunt-
ing, angling, deer tags, and market fishermen.

As the law provides that a license is required to hunt or fish, the
bureau maintains approximately 2,800 agencies throughout the State so
that the sportsmen may purchase their licenses as conveniently as possible.

For the purpose of license management and distribution the State
is divided into five districts, each district office maintaining the necessary
records to enable them to control the distribution and sale of licenses to
the agents within their respective districts. Branch district offices
are maintained at Redding, Sacramento, San Francisco, Fresno and
Los Angeles.

All license distribution is conducted on a consignment basis, the
agent being bonded in an amount sufficient to cover his accountability
at any one time. During the last seven-year period the bond premiums
have been reduced from $5 to $1.75 per 1,000. This reduction in the
premium rate is the result of close supervision of our license agents'
accounts and keeping the losses or claims filed with the bonding company
to a bare minimum. During this seven-year period the bonding company
has paid seven claims, totaling $561.63. The license sales accounted for
during this period amounted to $14,587,000.

The law placing all license distribution on a credit basis, which went
into effect in January, 1946, has proved very satisfactory and has
eliminated any shortages in the field. During the biennium several
changes were made in the license laws, establishing certain new licenses
and changing the fees of other licenses. In 1946 the "Archery Hunting
and Archery Deer Tag Law" became effective.

The sale of archery licenses and tags for the years 1946 and 1947
are as follows :

Archery
Year Hunting Deer tags

1946 $663 $604

1947 681 590

Other changes in the license fees are as follows :

Hunting

Old fee New fee

Citizen resident $2 $3

Junior citizen 1 over 18 years 1 over 16 years

Nonresident 10 10 minimum reciprocal

Declarant alien 10 Abolished

Alien 25 50

Veteran's wife None 2

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

75

Angling

Old fee

Citizen resident $2 over 18 years

Junior citizen None under 18 years

Nonresident 3

Alien 5

New fee

$3 over 16 years
None under 16 years

5 minimum reciprocal
25

DEER MEAT PERMITS

All persons retaining deer meat in their possession after the regular
15-day period following the close of deer season are required to have the
meat stamped. The fee for stamping and retaining the deer meat is $1.
Deer meat permits, stamps, etc., are furnished to all locker plants and
other places where deer meat may be kept. These places of business stamp
the meat and are permitted to retain 50 cents for their services, and
account to the Division of Fish and Game for the other 50 cents. The
revenue for the years of 1946 and 1947 was as follows :

1946 $11,881

1947 11,965

The Fish Packer's and Shellfish Dealer's License Act was
amended in 1947. As amended the new act provides that all dealers
in fresh fish are required to be licensed. This new law went into effect
on September 19, 1947.

License agents are now permitted by law to retain their 5 percent
compensation at the time of remitting for license sales. This change
provides the immediate payment of his commission to the agent, and
eliminates considerable work in the departmental accounting office.
State Controller's Office, and State Treasurer's Office.

The sale of hunting licenses, angling licenses, and deer tags has
shown a large increase during the past 10 years. The following tables
show the increase each year :

Hunting

Year Value

1938-39 $487,763 50

1939-40 528,952 00

1940-41 565,395 00

1941-42 643,700 00

1942-43 522,985 00

Year Value

1938 $705,611 00

1939 746,061 00

1940 791,472 00

1941 933,586 00

1942 876,003 00

Year Value

1938 $141,598 00

1939 152,924 00

1940 163,285 00

1941 173,699 00

1942 116,121 00

Number Year Value

252,117 1943-44 $557,254 00

270,095 1944-45 626,634 00

291,507 1945-46 780,106 50

331,878 1946-47 905,916 00

268,128 1947-48 1,016,600 50

Angling

Number

348,227
366,452
390,342
460,715
433,431

Year Value

1943 $899,782 00

1944 883,841 00

1945 1,120,061 50

1946 1,553,706 00

1947 1,793,308 50

Deer Tags

Number

Year

Value

Number
284,370
318,910
393,282
487,307
507,068

Number
447,352
4:{(;,940
557,530
768,810
884,772

Number

1943 $147,795 00

1944 178,250 00

1945 214,662 00

1946 282,0(K) 00

1947 299,610 00

76 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

It will be noted that during the war years, particularly 1942, 1943,
and 1944, the sales fell off somewhat. This was caused by wartime regu-
lations. However, since 1938 the number of hunters and fishermen has
increased as follows :

Hunting 101%

Angling 154%

Deer Tag 112%

APPENDIX

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

79

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Administration — 10 1

Seasonal employees

Regular employees .

Accident and death claims

Automobile

Educational

Exhibits

Freight, cartage and express

Legal advertising

Library

Light, heat and power

Office

Photography

Postage

Premium on bonds

Printing, general —

Printing fish and game magazine

Pro rata, attorney general services.....
Pro rata, departmental administration .
Pro rata, general fiscal administration..

Pro rata, Personnel Board services

Rent

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

$2,720 00
44,121 27

Total Administration.

Patrol and Law Enforcement-
Cannery inspection

Executive..

Land patrol.

Marine patrol

Office

Airplane

Automobile

■104

$46,841 27

$8,712 06

32,315 13

392,925 56

111,173 03

45,936 32

Boats.

Field.

Freight, cartage and express.

Light, heat and power

Office

Postage

Premium on bonds

Printing

Rent...

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Radio

Total Patrol and Law Enforcement.

Marine Fisheries — 105
Central Valley water project and salmon study.

Executive --.

Laboratory

Library..

OflSce .. - -

Scientific investigation — -

Statistics

Automobile

Cooperative research

Fish cannery auditing .- -

Fish specimens and tagged fish

Fish tags

Laboratory

Library..

Light, heat and power

Office

Postage

Printing -- -

Freight, cartage and express

Rent -

Telephone and telegraph --

Travel -

Total Marine Fisheries - - $135,352 25

$10,485 69

7,975 93

95 01

46 45

1,993 98

1,601 86

365 42

1,845 68

8,987 72

10,740 14

7,371 09

54 00

6,844 61

2,394 60

6,000 00

44,451 37

29,119 63

11,454 90

11,724 94

10,491 01

9,647 92

$183,691 95

$591,062 10

$33,808 39
10,727 00
10,950 80
2,101 53
12,637 79
28,573 55
36,553 19

$2,383 57

97,077 32

15,088 60

2,534 37

191 89

109 21

690 95

265 50

2,530 04

1,213 54

9,382 93

11,438 65

105,996 33

$2,646 89

832 56

869 42
658 19

$5,007 06

$3,254 71

83,085 69

30,209 48

7,683 21

9 18
2,136 25

$248,902 90

$4,522 29

1,495 13

5,652 07

16 58

5,573 34

201 78

947 06

1,156 15

221 95

664 65

454 90

849 39

4,493 57

1,254 97

6,129 63

323 01

13,405 77

$47,362 24

9,212 94

$135,591 46

$3,357 11

459 88

9,635 81

317 89
339 05

510 39

$2,720 00

44,121 27

10,485 69

10,622 82

95 01

46 45

1,993 98

1,601 86

1,197 98

1,845 68

9,857 14

11.398 33

7,371 09

54 00

6,844 61

2.394 60

6.000 00

44,451 37

29,119 63

11.454 90

11.724 94

10,491 01

9,647 92

$235,540 28

$8,712 06

32,315 13

392,925 56

111,173 03

45,936 32

5,638 28

180,163 01

45,298 08

10,217 58

191 89

118 39

2,827 20

265 50

2,530 04

1,213 54

9,382 93

11,438 65

105,996 33

9,212 94

$975,556 46

$33,808 39

10,727 00

10,(150 80

2.101 h3

12.637 79

36.452 95

38..508 20

15,287 88

16 58

5.573 34

201 78

947 06

1,474 04

561 00

664 65

965 29

R49 39

4,493 67

1.254 97

6.129 63

323 01

13.4a5 77

$14,620 13 i $107,334 62

80

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

-106

Fish Conservation-
Biological survey

Executive .

Field supervision

Fish rescue

Office -

Pollution inspection

Stream improvements

Basin Creek

Benbow Dam

Brookdale

Barney

Central Valley

Coy Flat

Fall Creek Hatchery

Feather River

Fillmore Hatchery

Hot Creek Hatchery

Huntington Lake

June Lake Egg Collecting Station .

Kaweah Hatchery

Kern Hatchery

Kings River Hatchery

Lake Almanor Hatchery

Mad River Egg Collecting Station,

Mojave River Hatchery

Mt. Shasta Hatchery

Mt. Tallac Hatchery

Mt. Whitney

Prairie Creek Hatchery

Sequoia Hatchery

Shasta River Hatchery

Snow Mountain

Tahoe Hatchery

Tuolumne

\Mii ttier Hatchery.

Yosemite Hatchery

Yuba River Hatchery

Automobile

Chemicals

Eyed eggs ---

Field operating supplies

Fish foods

Freight, cartage and express

Fuel

Ice

Light, heat and power

Office

Operating expenses

Operating service

Postage

Printing

Rent ..- --

Structural maintenance

Telephone and telegraph

Travel ---

Statistics

Total Fish Conservation.

Game Conservation— 108

Brawley Game Farm —

Castaic Farm

Elk Refuge .-

Executive

Fresno Game Farm

Game bird district — Los Serranos.

Game management

Gray Lodge Refuge

Honey Lake Refuge

Imperial Refuge

Los Banos Refuge

Los Serranos Game Farm

Porterville Game Farm

Predatory animal lion hunting

Predatory animal trapping

$39,401 03

17,336 SO

28,379 75
8,869 21

10,943 66
3,499 99
6,196 15
7,704 60
2,065 30
8,016 82
8,665 41

10,602 12

116 24

6,770 14

6,388 64

27,576 20

21,243 46

333 13

198 38

7,324 96

3,674 91

8,028 55

10,216 57
1,055 47
1,271 00

61,796 62
5,152 11

30,738 20
8,024 23
5,939 36
488 57
1,038 87
7,667 40
858 67

10,872 28
6,779 86
4,352 28

Operating
expenses

$389,586 64

$964 44
2,708 64
3,057 48

15,876 93

9,467 40

410 40

47,242 21
8,478 16
9,050 76
5,037 66
5,786 64

19,406 63
1,681 44

12,976 72

76,497 23

$37,656 19

4,832 52

1,546 81

11,403 71

155,439 97

8,338 58

3,762 76

3,590 73

11,524 19

662 80

114 89

187 86

481 24

1,045 75

22,672 08

7,660 45

2,130 25

23,463 48

Equipment

$296,523 28

$49,894 97

2,553 32

25 16
21,836 46

923 49

16 37

$75,249 77

Total

$39,401 03

17,336 50

28,379 75
8,869 21

10,943 66
3,499 99
6,196 15
7,704 60
2,065 30
8,016 82
8,665 41

10,602 12

116 24

6,770 14

6,388 64

27,576 20

21,243 46

333 13

198 38

7,324 96

3,674 91

8,028 55

10.216 57
1,055 47
1,271 00

61,796 62
5,152 11

30,738 20
8,024 23
5,939 36
488 57
1,038 87
7,667 40
858 67

10,872 28
6,779 86
4,352 28

87,551 16
4,832 52
1,546 81

13,957 03

155,439 97

8,338 58

3,762 76

3,590 73

11,524 19
687 96

21,951 35

187 86

481 24

1,045 75

22,672 08
8,.592 94
2,130 25

23,463 48
16 37

$761,359 67

$964 44
2,708 64
3,057 48

15,878 93

9,487 40

410 40

47,242 21
8,478 16
9,050 78
5,037 68
5,786 64

19,406 63
1,661 44

12,978 72

76,497 23

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

81

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Game Conservation— 108— Continued
Redding Game Farm

$5,261 90

15,778 88

5,182 28

4,642 72

1,959 66

318 06

3,264 01

2,133 07

35,278 38

$5 261 90

15.778 88

Sacramento Game Farm

5 182 28

Suisun Refuge

4,642 72

Valley Center

1,959 66

Visalia --

318 06

Willows Game Farm

3,264 01

Yountville boarding house. --

2 133 07

Yountville Game Farm

35.278 38

Aimlane rental

$9 99

47,034 11

11,538 60

187 70

33,020 61

25,225 34

118 76

3,177 27

7,758 81

443 21

174 00

1,167 20

4,709 69

1,381 88

1,200 09

27,311 09

9 99

Automobile

$43,014 24

90,048 35

Bounties

11,538 60

Cooperating in game management school

40 79
1,851 50

228 49

Field

34,872 U

25,225 34

Freieht cartaee and exuress

118 76

Laboratory

1,771 48

4,948 75

Light, heat and power

7,758 81

Office

10,004 76

794 19

11,242 16

Posta^'c

174 00

1,167 20

Rent

4,709 69

1,381 88

1,200 09

27,311 09

Total Game Conservation

$302,446 46

$9,336 00
24,332 79

$164,458 35

$47,472 20

$514,377 01

Licenses— 111

$9,336 00

License distribution

24,332 79

Automobile

$1,023 37

2,318 42

150,453 85

439 21

524 95

6,675 78

7,245 15

42,901 11

780 00

248 55

1,630 71

$900 21

1,923 58

2,318 42

License commissions — credit aiients

150,453 85

439 21

Office

2,600 90

1,192 27

4,318 12

Postage

6,675 78

Prpmiiim nn hnnHfl

7,245 15

42,901 11

Rent

780 00

Teleohone and telcCTaoh

248 55

Travel

1,630 71

Total Licenses

$36,269 69

$214,241 10
$4,402 80

$2,092 48

$252,603 27

Construction of Fish Screens and
Stream Improvements

$4,402 80

Total Fish and Game Support—
Ninpfv-piffhth Fiscal Year

$2,941,174 11

Less estimated maintenance deductions -

13,312 92

Net total fOT support—

$2,927,881 19

82

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Additions and Betterments
Purchase of land

Appraisal of the Welch tract in Colusa County

Acquisition, establishment and maintenance of fish hatcheries (chapter 1439-45)

Los Angeles County

San Bernardino County-.

Total Land.

Improvements
Alterations to botanical gardens building, Game Conservation-
Research laboratory ...

Alterations and modernization of hatchery buildings

Brooder houses and pens:

Redding game farm

Sacramento game farm

Yountville game farm (chapter 644-45)

Yountville game farm (chapter 106-46)

Brookdale hatchery— propane instaUations

Central Valley hatchery

Coast counties quail project — warehouse..

Construction of rearing ponds (all hatcheries)

Construction and equipment of workman shop and warehouse at Yreka

Construction of salmon traps in Central Valley and Trinity River watersheds.

Crystal Lake hatchery

Crystal Lake hatchery— cattle guard fence

Engineering project

Experimental electrical and mechanical fish screens

Fern Creek— house and garage remodeling project

Fish ladders and dams:

Clough Dam on Mill Creek

Woodbridge Dam

Game refuges (miscellaneous)

Game farms (miscellaneous)

Hot Creek hatchery

Honey Lake refuge... --

Imperial public shooting grounds

Improvements of game farms:

Brawley --- -

Chico

Marysville

Porterville

Improvements to Tule Lake and Madeline reservoirs

Kern hatchery — drilling of well --

Kern hatchery

Mt. Tallac hatchery -

Mt. Whitney hatchery— wire installations.

Tahoe hatchery — new construction.

Prairie Creek hatchery— propane installation

Redding game farm— cottage and garage.

Redding warehouse.

Refrigeration facilities:

Central Valley hatchery

Crystal Lake hatchery

Fillmore hatchery -

Kern hatchery

Mt. Whitney hatchery

Sequoia hatchery

Remodeling of living quarters:

Fresno game farm

Sacramento game farm -•

Replacement of pipe lines (all hatcheries)-..

Tahoe hatchery (miscellaneous)

Tehama winter range -

Terminal Island laboratory ^ -

Terminal Island parking area— paving

Tuna fisheries research facihties - --■

Total Improvements

Total Additions and Betterments.

Detail

J323 69

7,694 23
23,684 12

$3,050 29
8,192 85

35 63

132 41

4,647 05

71 76

1,128 00

682 78

1,363 17

127 55

3,763 73

1,680 68

117,503 54

11,000 00

10,000 00

9,789 94

119 21

8,000 00
65,400 00
6,354 01
4,248 93
3,699 50
597 14
1,633 83

5,481 32
5,649 18
4,509 71
8,459 63
10,615 38

461 79

1,410 81

63 88

850 00
4,317 23
1,955 19
5,644 39

483 36

5,271 87
2,727 81
2,559 04
2,621 54
5,382 14
2,660 40

501 23

52 10

794 17

371 93

8.452 91

4,500 00

760 00

640 63

Total

$31,702 04

$350,419 64

$382,121 68

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

83

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

DetaU

Total

Cooperation with Federal Government — Pittman-Robertson Act

Beaver transplanting state-svide .

Restoration of valley quail in south coast ranges of California

Repair of Tule Lake Reservoir Dam (Part 1, all) and Tule Lake Reservoir

Diversion Works (Part 2, segment 1) -

Madeline Plains waterfowl management area

Desert game water development survey

Life history and management of mountain quail in California

Survey of the waterfowl food plants of California .

Life history and management of the ring-necked pheasant in California

Survey of critical summer and winter deer ranges of California

Study of food habits of the mountain quail, ring-necked pheasant and coyote

of California -..

$4,821 82
20,323 50

62,265 00

1,440 00

334 18

13,212 70
2,450 81

12,831 08
6,811 59

10,822 22

Total Pittman-Robertson Act.

Less individual abatement from Federal Government pro rata share Pittman-
Robertson Act

Net total Pittman-Robertson Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year.

State apportionment: Madeline Plains waterfowl management area
Preliminary engineering survey (Tule Lake dam)

Contributed to Employees Retirement Fund

Grand total Fish and Game Preservation Fund —
Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year

$135,312 90
70,262 It

$65,050 76

1,500 00
129,361 55

$3,505,895 18

84

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF REVENUE

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947
(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Detail

Total

Revenue for Fish and Game Preservation Fund:
1946 series
Archery deer tags

S604 00
282,053 00

Deer tags _

Total deer tags

$282,657 00

Fish taffs - - -

82,569 89

369 51

50,090 00

10 00

153 00

75 00

190 00

10 00

10 00

53 73

11,285 00

596 00

Game tags __

Fish importers - - .

Game breeder - -

Kelp license -

Deer meat agents — wardens -

Total 1946 series

$2,120,599 63

1945 series

Angling

$5,028 00
3 00
3 50

Non-resident _

(Debit)

Total aneline _

$5,028 50

Hunting
Citizen - .

$17,454 00

1,198 00

120 00

20 00

68 50

Non-resident

Declarant alien

Total hunting

$18,860 50

Deer taes _

$23 00
83 01
90 00
70 00
20 00
12 50

Kelp license ---

Game management area licenses

(Debit)

(Debit)

Total 1945 series

$24,007 51

Other revenue

Court fines -

$110,058 64

52 80

218,534 03

3,154 16

43,618 85

32,333 56

1,429 37

79

Lease of kelo beds -

Kelo tax - -

Total other revenue .. ......

$409,182 20

$3,556,426 26

FORTIET'H BIENNIAL REPORT

85

STATEMENT OF REVEN UE— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year) — Continued

DetaU

Total

Revenue for Fish and Game Preservation Fund:
1947 series
Angling

Citizen

Non-resident

Alien

Duplicate

Total angling.

Hunting

Citizen

Fish packer and shellfish dealer — citizen.

Deer tags

Fish tags

Game tags

Marliet fishermen

Fish importer

Fish party boat permits

Fish breeder

Game breeder

Kelp hcense

Game management area licenses

Total 1947 series.

1946 series
Angling

Citizen

Non-resident.

Alien

Duplicate

Total angling.

Hunting

Archery — citizen

Citizen

Junior

Archery — non-resident.

Non-resident

Declarant alien

Alien

Duplicate...

Total hunting

Commercial hunting club

Commercial hunting club operator.

Trapping
Citizen.
Alien...

Fish packer and shellfish dealer

Citizen

Alien

$898,806 00

11,367 00

6,015 00

356 00

$20 00

430 00

6 00

3,606 71

126 21

78,190 00

65 00

529 00

400 00

2,600 00

40 00

80 00

$773,065 00

18,642 00

6,520 00

3,294 50

$1,902 00

873,306 00

41,317 00

145 00

41,670 00

2,370 00

3,225 00

2,305 00

$1,961 00
28 00

$1,790 00
20 00

$916,544 00

$1,002,636 92

$801,521 50

$966,240 00
$725 00
$245 00

$1,989 00

$1,810 00

86

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES

For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947, as of July 31, 1947

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Administration — 101
Education and public information.

Executive

Exhibits

Library

Office

Unallocated

Undistributed

Total Administration.

Patrol and Law Enforcement-
Airplane

Cannery inspection

Executive

Land patrol

Marine patrol

Office

Unallocated

104

Total Patrol and Law Enforcement.

Marine Fisheries — 105
Central VaUey Water Project and salmon study.

Executive

Fish cannery auditing

Laboratory

Library

Office

Scientific investigation

Statistics

Unallocated

Total Marine Fisheries.

Fish Conservation — 106

Biological survey

Executive survey

Field supervision

Fish food unallocated

Fish planting

Fish rescue

Fish screens

Office

Operating expenses unallocated

Pollution inspection

Stream improvements

Statistical

Structural maintenance

Unallocated

Unallocated — auto, gas, oil

Alpine Hatchery

Basin Creek

Benbow Dam

Black Rock Springs..

Blue Lake Egg Collecting Station.

Brookdale

Burney Creek Hatchery

Cedar Creek

Central Valley

Copco Egg Collecting Station

Coy Flat

Crystal Lake

Fall Creek Hatchery

Feather llivcr Hatchery

Fillmore Hatchery

$6,262 96
10,650 00

2,605 83
25,539 89

$12,072 86

7,703 98

504 61

365 42

115,509 95

383 75

—5 70

$45,058 68

$8,647 26

31,646 13

381,217 53

108,950 37

44,365 66

$136,534 87

$1,487 03

25 15

5,548 37

149,487 72

54,129 51

1,890 58

10,168 55

$574,826 95

$33,047 66
10,520 00

10,815 80
2,041 86
12,241 60
27,853 56
35,796 45

$222,736 91

$12,439 32

1,670 27

6,451 01

3,666 89

67 15

2,085 08

3,933 10

10,356 36

511 19

$132,316 93

$38,122 48
16,740 00
27,590 00

8,652 91
Yo",659"76"

3,320 00
6,045 02

7,516 70
2,015 00

7,821 29
8,478 46

10,343 54
""mil

$41,180 37

$11,047 28

2.127 49

2,344 18

63,096 25

4,064 82

2,585 44

3,010 15

293 33

1,358 27

105 14

124 66

59 29

8 32

11,741 23

3,727 47

11 88

2,641 53

361 12

336 99

98 10

1,988 18

2,316 79

538 66

3,506 79

85 00

75 68

10 69

1,018 79

2,278 52

16,482 85

$1,481 58
1,159 03

338 01
296 83

$3,275 45

$3,201 87

698 45

67,446 59

21,220 96

1,077 12

$93,644 99

$9,860 98
1,394 88

1,499 58

5 50
54 44

$12,815 38

$3,694 44
862'40'

3,700 00

3,009 92

9 82

339 18

298 07

119 89
"'22'36'

184 23
35 14

61 17
256 25

78 39

9 33

80 43

!,096 50

$19,817 40

19,513 01

504 61

3,309 26

141,346 67

383 75

—5 70

$184,869 00

$4,688 90
8,672 41

37,892 95
598,151 84
184,300 84

47,333 36

10,168 55

$891,208 85

$55,347 96

13,585 15

6,451 01

15,982 27

2,109 01

14,326 68

31,792 16

46,207 25

511 19

$186,312 68

$52,864 20

18,867 49

30,736 58

63,096 25

7,764 82

14,248 27

3,019 97

11,292 27

1,656 34

3,425 14

6,169 68

59 29

8 32

11,861 12

3,727 47

11 88

10,180 53

2,376 12

336 99

98 10

9,993 70

10,830 39

538 66

13,911 50

341 25

189 09

89 08

1,028 12

2,358 95

24,579 41

fortietjh: biennial report

87

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES— Continued
For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947, as of July 31, 1947— Continued

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Function

Fiah Conservation — Continued
Additional —

Fall Creek Hatchery

Feather River Hatchery

Fillmore Hatchery

Heenan Lake Egg Collecting Station.

Hot Creek Hatchery

Huntington Lake

June Lake Egg Collecting Station

Kaweah Hatchery

Kern Hatchery

Kings River Hatchery

Klamathon

Lake Ahnanor Hatchery

Little Walker Lake

Mad River Egg Collecting Station...

Mojave River Hatchery

Moorehouse Springs Hatcherj'

Mt. Shasta Hatchery

Mt. Tallac Hatchery

Mt. \\TiitDey

Owens Park Experimental Ponds

Prairie Creek Hatchery

Rush Creek Hatchery

San Lorenzo Hatchery

Sequoia Hatchery

Shasta River Hatchery

Snow Mountain Hatchery

Tahoe Hatchery

Tuolumne

Whittier Hatchery

Yosemite Hatchery

Yreka Warehouse

Yuba River Hatchery

Total Fish Conservation.

Game Conservation — 108

Brawley Game Farm

Castaic Farm

Chino Farm

Elk Refuge..

Executive

Fresno Game Farm .

Game Bird District — Los Serranos

Game Management

Grey Lodge Refuge

Honey Lake Refuge

Imperial Refuge.

Imperial Valley Public Shoot Grounds.

Los Banos Refuge

Los Serranos Game Farm

Marvsville Game Farm

Office

Porterville Game Farm

Predatory Animal Lion Hunting

Predatory Animal Trapping

Predatory Birds

Redding Game Farm

Research

Sacramento Game Farm

Statistics

Suisun Refuge

Tehama Winter Deer Range

Unallocated — auto, gas, oil

Ukiah

Valley Center.. :

Valley Center Farm

Visalia

Willows Game Farm

Winter feeding and salting of game

Yountville Boarding House

Yountville Game Farm

Total Game Conservation $293,839 46

Salaries and
wages

$6,605 01

6,232 84

26,806 05

20,627 78

325 00

193 55

7,146 31

3,585 28

7,832 75

9,967 39

1,029 74
1,240 00

58,556 97

5,026 46

29,890 95

7,828 53

5,794 51

476 67

1,013 54

7,480 40

837 74

10,607 10

6,614 51

4,246 13

$377,383 78

$940 00
2,640 00

2,980 00

15,474 61

9,101 50

400 00

45,839 23

8,263 32

8,821 41

4,910 00

5,640 00
18,914 87

9,217 40

1,619 35

12,647 90

74,481 52

5,128 57

15,379 03

5,050 98

4,525 07

1,910 00

310 00
3,181 28

2,079 02
34,384 40

Operating
expenses

$107 20

39,764 59

6 15

1,660 30
2,148 06
3,183 00

434 43
2,890 55

113 45

317 36
244 50

14,252 06

2,845 50

31,944 87

184 76

2,217 63

24 20

72 86

1,425 98

318 97
325 72

4,779 32

2,809 15
1,703 76

219 93

$251,439 19

$526 60

755 52

338 91

1,071 64

3,142 89

4,283 87

24,256 05
1,178 85
4,183 42
1,618 66
2,204 08
2,045 41

11,277 68

628 65

737 86

13,293 09

26,986 87

372 00

1,965 47

5,418 08

1,665 08

1,527 37

1,032 07

4,114 13

277 63

809 62

88 44

1,517 60

4 55

5,093 54

18,344 79

$140,760 42

Equipment

$2,161 51

12 55

1,166 07

76 77

103 93

7,727 39

32 98

565 62

2,796 10

4,227 50

202 59

18 99

3,499 33
""'99"43'

e'ee'

$43,494 94

$1,092 78
""V,229'i5'

911 24
70 54

652 51

"moY

76 96
25 33

1,119 06
306 21

1,122 16
51 87

5,107 97

1.052 04
1,640 23

24 81
7 69

267 48

$15,197 10

Total

$39,643 90

107 20

62,553 88

331 15

193 55

8,819 16

6,899 41

11,092 52

434 43

12,961 87

113 45

1,029 74

9,284 75

277 48

73,374 65

10,668 06

66,063 32

184 76

10,248 75

24 20

72 86

7,239 48

795 64

1,339 26

15,759 05

837 74

13,515 68

8,318 27

6 66

4,466 06

$672,317 91

$2,559 38

3,395 52

1,568 06

4,051 64

19,.558 74

13,455 91

400 00

70,747 79

9,442 17

13,413 90

6,528 66

2.204 08

7.762 37

30,217 88

1.1 111 Oft

10,1.52 26

3,479 37

25,992 SCi

106,.')76 36

372 00

8.146 OH

22.437 34

6.716 06

1..527 37

5,581 95

7 69

4,114 13

277 63

2,719 62

8H 44

310 00

4,898 SH

4 55

7.172 56

52,996 67

$449,796 98

88

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES— Continued
For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947, as of July 31, 1947— Continued

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Function

Licenses — 111

Executive

License distribution

Office

Unallooated^auto, gas,

Total Licenses

oil.

Construction of Fish Screens and Stream Improve-
ments

Reg — First quarter

BL— op — First quarter

Reg — Second quarter

BL— o|>-;-Second quarter

Reg — Third quarter

Reg — Fourth quarter

Total Fish Screens-

Total Fish and Game Supplement Ninety-eighth Fiscal
Year

Less Estimated Maintenance, Deductions. - .

Net Total Fish and Game Supplement Ninety-eighth
Fiscal Year

Total Operating Expenditures Ninety-eighth
Fiscal Year

Additions and Betterments
Land
Appraisal of Welch Tract in Colusa County.

Salaries and
wages

$9,180 00

23,770 95

2,537 90

$35,488 85

Acquisition, estabUshment, maintenance of fish

hatchery, Ch. 1439-45 Los Angeles County

San Bernardino County

Improvements — Ch. 644-45
Alteration and modernization of hatchery buildings

Alteration to Botanical Gardens Building — Game
Conservation Reseai ch Laboratory

Brooder houses and pens — Ch. 106-46
Sacramento Game Farm

Brooder houses and jwiis— Ch. 044-45

Yountville Game Farm

Brooitdale Hatchery propane installation

Central Valley Hatchery

Coast counties quail project warehouse .

Construction of rearing ponds — all hatcheries

Construction of salmon traps in Central Valleys and

Trinity River watersheds

Construction and equipment of workman shop

and warehouse at Yrcka

Cattle guard fence Crystal Lake Hatchery

Crystal Lake Hatchery

Drilling of well — Kern Hatchery

Engineering project .

Experimental electrical and mechanical fish screens.

Fish ladders and dama
Clough Dam on Mill Creek.
Woodbridge Dam

Game conservation
Game farms — miscellaneous improvement.

Honey Lake Refuge

Imperial (bounty public shooting grounds..

Operating
expenses

$1,629 93

104,138 17

1,722 35

169 98

$197,660 43

$808 24
279 33
688 30
131 01

1,034 96
313 01

$3,254 85

Equipment

$1,046 90
6 02

$1,052 92

Total

$10,809 93

218,956 02

4,266 27

169 98

$234,202 20

$3,254 85

$2,621,962 47
13,312 92

$323 69

7,214 95
19,271 97

7,902 98

3,050 29

132 41

4,166 82

1,128 00

682 78

1,363 17

122 84

60 00

2,143 05

11,000 00

116,428 59

461 79

10,000 00

8,455 03

8,000 00
65,400 00

4,009 74

522 61

1,633 83

$2,608,649 55

$2,608,649 55

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

80

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITU RES— Continued
For the Period July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947, as of July 31, 1947— Continued

(Ninety-eighth Fiscal Year)

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Additions and Betterments — Continued

Improvement of game farms
Brawley.. -

16,183 30

448 11

4,306 72

5,737 28

4,114 72

172 56

63 88

850 00

3,705 50

5,175 00

358 05

501 23

52 10

794 17

194 24

5,385 00

4,500 00

760 00

640 63

Chico - -

Marysville .

Porterville

Improvement to Tule Lake and Madeline Reser-
voirs

Kern Hatchery. _ .

Mt. Tallao Hatchery --

Mt. Whitney Hatchery we installations

New construction — Tahoe Hatchery

Redding Game Farm — cottage and garage

Redding warehouse

Remodel living quarters
Fresno Game Farm

Sacramento Game Farm

Tahoe Hatchery improvement

Tehama winter ran^^e

Terminal Island Laboratory. ..

Terminal Island parking area paving

$317,417 03

Special Item — cooperation with Federal Government
— Pittman-Robertson Act . .

OE-Equip.
$107,632 85

All projects

136,688 68

$144,321 53

Less indirect abatement from Federal Government —
Pro rata share Pittman-Robertson Act

30,937 46

$113,384 07

Contributions to State Employees Retirement Fund

108,358 97

Grand Total Fish and Game Preservation

$3,147,809 62

00

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year)

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Divisional Administration — lA

Executive

Library

Office -

Accident and death claims

Automobile mileage

Automobile operation

Freight, cartage and express

Legal advertising

Light, heat and power

Postage

Printing

Pro rata Attorney General's services. -
Pro rata departmental administration.

Pro rata Personnel Board's service

Pro rata general fiscal administration.

Rent of premises

Repair of equipment

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Repair of premises

Operating equipment

Photography

$11,387 35

6,635 27

39,490 87

Total Administration.

Conservation Education and Public Information

Regular help

Exhibits

Operating supplies and expenses

Photography

Printing

Rent of equipment

Repair of equipment

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

$57,513 49

$9,775 00

Office.

Operating equipment

Automobile operation

Books and publications

Freight, cartage and express.

Total Conservation Education and Public Infor-
mation

Patrol and Law Enforcement-
Air patrol

Headquarters

Cannery inspector

Land patrol...

Marine patrol, headquarters.

Marine patrol

Airplane

Auto

Auto mileage

Boats operation

Freight, cartage and express.

Light, heat and power

Office

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Undercover service

Radio

IB

Total Patrol and Law Enforcement.

$9,775 00

$2,873 40
21,008 88
13,128 92
478,775 36
99,753 58
39,150 30

1654.690 44

$7,643 00

16,356 00

667 00

1,440 00

1,682 00

1,889 00

2,187 00

13,973 00

5,601 00

6,000 00

58,623 00

21,780 00

21,275 00

14,449 00

63 00

13,832 00

9,408 00

601 00

$1,932 00

ho'oo

3 00
5 00

$197,469 00

$1,990 00

$1,489 00

2,079 00

25,263 00

25,297 00

25 00

31 00

98 00

2,051 00

1,440 00

$57,776 00

$205 00

118,732 00

24 00

22,049 00

107 00

329 00

53 00

18,283 00

60 00

100 00

2,321 00

2,103 00

6,544 00

16,294 00

126,525 00

9.000 00

$1,395 00

150 00
372 00

710 00

$2,627 00

$140 00
84,875 00

25,480 00

617 00

5,717 00

200 00

$322,849 00

12,679 00

$129,714 00

$11,387 35

6,635 27

49,065 87

10,356 00

667 00

1,490 00

1,682 00

1,889 00

2,187 00

13,973 00

5,601 00

6,000 00

58,623 00

21,780 00

21,275 00

14,449 00

63 00

13,832 00

9,408 00

601 00

3 00

5 00

$256,972 49

$9,775 00

1,489 00

2,079 00

26,658 00

25,297 00

25 00

31 00

98 00

2,051 00

150 00

372 00

1,440 00

710 00

3 00

$70,178 00

$2,873 40

21,008 88

13,128 92

478,775 36

99,753 58

39,150 30

351 00

203,607 00

24 00

47,529 00

167 00

329 00

070 00

24,000 00

200 00

100 00

2,321 00

2,103 00

6,544 00

16,294 00

126,525 00

9,000 00

12,679 00

$1,107,253 44

FORTIETH BIENNTALi REPORT

91

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Marine Fisheries — IC

Headquarters

Central Valley's investigation. -

Library

Marine fisheries investigation. .

Statistics

Vessel — N. B. Schofield

Auditing (professional services).

Auto operations

Auto mileage

Cooperative research

Fish tagging

Freight, cartage and express

Laboratory supplies

Light, heat and power

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Repair of premises

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Boat operations

Books and publications

Office

Household

133,591 87
34,570 22
3,060 00
59,999 33
52,039 82
22,347 49

Total Marine Fisheries.

Fish Conservation — ID

Biological survey

Headquarters

Fish screen and stream improvements _

Hatcheries

Hatchery supervisor

Auto

Eyed eggs

Fish food

Freight, cartage, express

Laboratory supplies

Light, heat and power

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Repair of equipment

Repair of premises

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Refrigeration

Boats

Household

Office

$205,608 73

$64,116 12
27,772 10
13,235 55

315,025 64
29,524 18

Total Fish Conservation.

Game Conservation — IF

Field supervision

Game farms

Game management

Headquarters

Predatory animal control.

Auto mileage

Auto

Bounties

Freight, cartage, express..

Game foods

Laboratory supplies

Light, heat and power

Office

Operating

$449,673 59

172,669 03

116,991 30

85,110 59

21,069 14

103,575 09

$194 00

5,922 00

8,542 00

117 00

612 00

4,762 00

232 00

1,266 00

1,847 00

14,424 00

549 00

64 00

13,251 00

8,487 00

1,629 00

2,282 00

671 00

14,750 00

16,016 00

$6,770 00

17,106 00
236 00

126 00

295 00

63 00

$95,617 00

$24,596 00

$44,360 00

7,825 00

196,266 00

9,708 00

16,001 00

26,446 00

15,102 00

265 00

1,222 00

1,040 00

6,455 00

7,619 00

6,990 00

10,008 00

3,733 00

23,361 00

3,500 00

$18,932 00

17,789 00
221 00

170 00
2,944 00
1,457 00

$379,901 00

$41,513 00

$28 00
58,993 00
11.429 00
199 00
30,005 00
1,324 00
14,473 00

$76,984 00

18,166 00

1.458 00
48.041 00

$33,591 87

34.570 22

3,254 00

59,999 .33

52,039 82

22,347 49

5,922 00

15,312 00

117 00

612 00

4,762 00

232 00

1,266 00

1,847 00

31,5.30 00

785 00

64 00

13,251 00

8,487 00

1,629 00

2,282 00

671 00

14,750 00

16,016 00

126 00

295 00

63 00

$325,821 73

$64,116 12

27,772 10

13,235 55

315,025 64

29,.524 18

63,292 00

7,825 00

190,266 00

9,708 00

16,001 00

26,446 00

32,891 00

486 00

1,222 00

1,040 00

6,455 00

7,619 00

6,990 00

10,008 00

3.733 00

23.361 00

3..500 00

170 00

2,944 00

1,457 00

$871,087 59

$72,669 03

116,991 30

8.5,110 59

21.069 14

103,575 09

28 00

135,977 00

11,429 00

199 00

30,005 00

1,324 00

14.473 00

1,458 00

66.207 00

92

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Game Conservation — IF — Continued

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of building space

Rent of equipment

Repair and maintenance of structures

Repair of equipment

Boarding house (subsistence)

Telephone and telegraph

Travel ----

Less: Reimbursement for auto operation

Pittman-Robertson

Household

Housing and subsistence

Total Game Conservation .

Licenses — IG

Regular help __.

Automobile

Freight, cartage, express.

License commissions — paid to agent-
Office

Postage

Premium on bonds

Printing

Rent

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Operating equipment

Total Licenses.

Total allotment for support —
Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year-.-

Less estimated maintenance deductions.

Net total allotment for support —
Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year

S440 00
207 00
1,884 00
5,173 00
4,261 00
4,341 00
2,525 00
4,065 00
2,698 00
32,860 00

-10,699 00

$270 00

877 00
5,638 00

$399,415 15

$39,749 08

$182,372 00

$133,268 00

$1,056 43

2,910 59

44,901 27

590 25

3,438 40

7,878 56

22,079 11

1,222 25

160 18

1,701 24

$721 50
"988"26'

9 48

$39,749 08

$85,938 28

$1,719 24

$710 00
207 00
1,884 00
5,173 00
4,261 00
4,341 00
2,525 00
4,065 00
2,698 00
32,860 00

—10,699 00

877 00

5.638 00

$715,055 15

$39,749 08

$1,777 93

2,910 59

44,901 27

1,578 51

3,438 40

7,878 56

22,079 11

1,222 25

160 18

1,701 24

9 48

$127,406 60

$3,473,775 00
15,806 30

Special Claim for Secretary of State Board of Control.

$905 36

$3,457,968 70
$905 36

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

93

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety -ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Total

Construction, Improvements, Repairs, and Equipment

District offices:

Redding and Alturas. -.-

Improvements to land and buildings

Purchase of boat

Purchase of airplane

Terminal Island laboratory:

Improvements to heating system

Alterations and improvements — miscellaneous

Research vessel

Central Valley hatchery:

Refrigeration facilities

Sewer

Fall Creek hatchery:
Repairs to building

Fillmore hatchery:

Water facilities--.--

Refrigeration facilities

Fresno:
Experimental fish rearing tanks

Hot Creek hatchery:
Improvements to bachelor quarters

Kaweah hatchery:
Cabin

Lake Almanor hatchery:
Miscellaneous improvements

Mt. Shasta hatchery:
Repairs to residence

Mt. Whitney hatchery:

Repairs to bachelor quarters

Pond improvements

Bottled gas facilities

Spawning and planting tanlis

Refrigeration facilities

Kern River hatchery:
Refrigeration facilities

Madera hatchery:

Electrification-

Repairs to building

Repairs to living quarters

Mojave River hatchery:

Water pump .--

Food preparation facilities

Electrical standby unit.-

Prairie Creek hatchery:
Improvements to water system-

Mt. Tallac hatchery:
Miscellaneous improvements

Sequoia hatchery:

Miscellaneous improvements

Whittier hatchery:

P'ood preparation facilities-.-.

Improvements to utility building-

Tahoe hatchery:

Miscellaneous improvements

Yuba River hatchery:

Electrification

Tehama winter range:

Fencing

Imperial Valley waterfowl management area:
Improvements to ponds..

Suisun refuge:
Water supply -

Los Banos refuge:

Water facilities

Alterations to cottage -

Food habits and disease laboratory:
Improvements

Valley Center Game farm:
Pump and well - -

$10,443 00

4,000 00

118,309 00

30,000 00

4,500 00

1,455 00

77,612 00

1,714 00
576 00

981 00

4,570 00
528 00

987 00

973 00

1,805 00
725 00

2,703 00

1,523 00
3,070 00
4,605 00
855 00
2,692 00

3,449 00

408 00
381 00
627 00

1,779 00

637 00

4,464 00

1,482 00

40 00

1,283 00

1,087 00
300 00

634 00

241 00

817 00

3,337 00

337 00

2,884 00
487 00

5,073 00

4,500 00

94

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Construction, Improvements, Repairs, and Equipment — Continued

Los Banos game farm:

Pump, well, tank, and pipe

Brooders, tool room, and equipment,

Garage and cabin

Machinery

Construction of rearing pens for pheasants:
Rearing and holding pens

Total Construction, Improvements, Repairs, and Equipment-

Special Item — Cooperation with Federal Government pro rata share Pittman-Robert-
son Act

Restoration of valley quail in Sierra foothills

Evaluation of quail development and management practice in California

Study of production, migration, and wintering areas of waterfowl in California

Effects of brush removal on game ranges in California

Study of deer population and management problems in California

Food habits of mountain quail, ringnecked pheasant and coyote of California..

Life history and management of ringnecked pheasant in California..

Survey of waterfowl food plants of California

Life history and management of mountain quail in California

Doyle winter range

Teliama winter deer range (Section No. 7)

Tehama winter deer range (Section No. 6)

Restoration of valley quail in all south coast ranges

Beaver transplanting

Total Pittman-Robertson Act

Less reimbursement from Federal Government, Pittman-Robertson Act.

Net total Pittman-Robertson, Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year

Contributions to Employees' Retirement Fund

Repair, restoration and maintenance of Jenner Jetty

Grand Total Fish and Game Preservation Fund — Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year.

General Fund
Pacific Marine Fisheries Compact Expenses, Chapter 1447-47

Detail

1,158 00
2,574 00
4,026 00
1,933 00

4,596 00

$13,298 25
360 87

3,190 48

2,768 16
10,145 50

7,887 43
13,882 02

1,099 21

6,617 29
29,266 88

1,262 65
16,742 70
21,200 87

5,985 30

Total

$323,160 00

$133,707 61
—100,278 00

$33,429 61

260,000 00

37,500 00

$4,112,058 31
$11,000 00

FORTIEIH BIENNIAL REPORT

95

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Wildlife Restoration Fund
Support — Administration

$1,242 00

$1,242 00

Office - --

$3 00

155 00

6 00

984 00

34 00

10 00
125 00

75 00

$581 00

584 00

Printing

155 00

Telephone and telegraph

6 00

984 00

Automobile

1,671 00

1,705 00

Rent - --

10 00

Pro rata departmental administration

125 00

75 00

Total support Wildlife Restoration Fund

$1,242 00

$1,392 00

$2,252 00

$4,886 00

Function

Wildlife Restoration Fund
Capital Outlay — Construction, Improvements, Repairs, and Equipment
Marine Fisheries

Deer Creeli fish screens

Preliminary work — architectural services

Total Marine Fisheries.

Fish Conservation
Crystal Lake hatchery:

Improvements to ponds

Miscellaneous improvements

Repairs to ranch house

Refrigeration faciUties

Buildings and miscellaneous developments.

Total Fish Conservation

Game Conservation

Brawley game farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Pump, well, tank, and pipes

Brooders, tool room and equipment

Cabin and garage

Incubator

Chico game farm:

Rearing and holding pens,..

Brooders, tool room and equipment

Cabin and garage

Machinery

Marysville game farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Pump, well, tanks, pipes, and hardware

Brooder houses, feed room, tool room, and miscellaneous equipment-
Cabin and garage

Porterville game farm:

Rearing and holding pens --

Pump, well, tanks, pipes, and hardware --

Brooders, tool room, and equipment-- --

Coast counties quail habitat:

Quonset type hut

Water and feed facihties

Southern Cahfornia quail development:

Salaries and wages

Operating expenses

Equipment--

Detail

$3,575 00
5,000 00

$5,271 00

1,838 00

682 00

1,017 00

115,000 00

$5,146 00

954 00

2,753 00

2,384 00

2,562 00

4,931 00
3,767 00
3,459 00
3,110 00

4,711 00

3.726 00
2,540 00
1,787 00

2.727 00
2,283 00
1,992 00

2,242 00
613 00

1,023 00

1,126 00

18,147 00

Total

$8,575 00

123,808 00

96

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Detail

Total

Wildlife Restoration Fund — Continued
Capital Outlay — Construction, Improvements, Repairs and Equipment — Continued
Game Conservation — Continued
Honey Lake waterfowl management area:
Improvements to water control facilities and pond developments:

Reservoir field

New road field-

Upper Laiie fields

Lower Laiie fields

Dakin ranch — Hartson reservoir and flood channel

Dakin ranch — miscellaneous project

Fleming ranch — improvements to reservoir dam and bed

Imperial Valley public shooting grounds:

Land levehng and lease

Development of south pumice unit

Development of north pumice unit

MadeUne plains waterfowl development:

Garage and workshop

Water control facilities

Miscellaneous improvements to buildings and grounds

Fencing

DeUvery ditch improvement

Pump and well

Total, Game Conservation

Totals, Construction, Improvements, Repairs, and Equipment.
Contribution to State Employees' Retirement System

$3,078 00

3,332 00

727 00

2,290 00

2,060 00

1,838 00

1,080 00

11,998 00

1,250 00

4,500 00

2,974 00

1,614 00

510 00

2,533 00

4,560 00

1,000 00

$117,327 00

249,710 00

117 00

Total, Wildlife Restoration Fund.

$254,713 00

FORTIEin BIENNIAL REPORT

97

STATEMENT OF REVENUE

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year)

Detail

Total

Revenue for Fish and Game Preservation Fund:
1948 Series:

Angli ng citizen

Angling excess fee

Nonresident one year

Nonresident ten day

Alien

Duplicate

Fish tags

Game tags

Fish importer

Fish party boat permits

Market fishermen

Fish breeder..

Game breeder

Kelp license

Game management area licenses

Game management area tags

Hunting license

Deer tags

Deer meat agents locker permits

Deer meat agents — wardens

Total 1948 series.

1947 series:
Angling citizen.
Alien.

Nonresident.
Duplicate.

Hunting archery citizen

Archery nonresident

Hunting citizen

Huntingjunior

Hunting nonresident

Hunting declared alien

Hunting alien

Hunting duplicate

Hunting commercial club citizen

Hunting commercial club opr. citizen...

Trapping citizen

Trapping alien

Fish packer and shellfish dealer citizen.
Fish packer and shellfish dealer alien...

Archery deer tags

Deer tags

Fish tags.

Game tags.

Market fishermen

Fish importer

Fish party boat permits

Fish breeder

Game breeder

Kelp license

Game management area licenses.

Game management area tags

Deer meat agents locker permits.
Deer meat agents wardens

$1,458,997 00

210 10

9,265 00

1,I()3 50

17,550 00

493 50

6,348 80

165 36

70 00

617 00

73,440 00

505 00

2,565 00

10 00

350 00

3 60

48 00

12 00

7,264 00

304 00

Total 1947 series .

1843,276 00

6,650 00

22,299 00

4,613 50

2,332 00

75 00

915,509 00

43,983 00

48,080 00

2,450 00

2,950 00

3,276 50

675 00

225 00

1,570 00

24 00

14,795 00

580 00

590 00

299,604 00

3,891 76

344 70

50,810 00

40 00

155 00

70 00

250 00

50 00

120 00

178 68

4,000 00

397 00

$1,579,381 86

$2,273,864 14

4—16763

98

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF REVENUE— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Detail

Total

Revenue for Fish and Game Preservation Fund:
1946 series:

Angling citizen.

Angling alien

Hunting citizen

Hunting junior

Hunting duplicate.

Trapping citizen

$4 00

5 00

254 00

22 00

11 00

3 00

Total 1946 series.

Other revenue:

Lease of kelp beds

Fish packers tax

Kelp tax

Salmon packers tax

Sardine tax

Public shooting grounds

Miscellaneous

Court fines .

Interest on surplus money investment fund.

$1,565 00

192,061 36

2,098 05

77,895 66

40,294 43

1,830 00

27,534 99

123,739 25

15,430 41

Total other revenue

Grand total Fish and Game Preservation Fund.

$299 00

$482,449 15

$4,335,994 15

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

99

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year)

Function

Administration:
Conservation education and public information .

Executive

Library

Office

Accident and death claims

Auto mileage

Auto operation

Freight, cartage, express

Legal advertising

Light, heat, power

Postage

Printing

Pro rata Attorney General's service

Pro rata departmental administration

Pro rata Personnel Board ser\ice

Pro rata general fiscal administration

Rent of premises

Repair of equipment

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Repair of premises

Books and publications

Operating equipment

Photography

Salaries and
wages

Total Administration .

Patrol and Law Enforcement:

Air patrol

Headquarters

Cannery inspector

Land patrol

Marine patrol, headquarters-

Marine patrol

Airplane

Auto

Auto mileage

Boats operation

Freight, cartage, express

Light, heat, power

Office

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Undercover service

Radio

Total Patrol and Law Enforcement.

Fish Conservation:

Biological survey

Headquarters

Fish screen and stream improvement..

Hatcheries

Hatchery supervisor

Auto.

Eyed eggs

Fish food

Freight, cartage, express.

Laboratory suppUes

Light, heat, power

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Repair of equipment

$9,774 67

11,387 35

6,635 27

39,490 87

$67,288 16

$2,873 40
21,008 88
13,128 92
476,775 36
99,753 58
39,150 30

$654,690 44

$64,116 12
27,772 10
13,235 55

315,025 64
29,524 18

Operating
expenses

$7,643 00

16,356 00

667 00

1,440 00

1,682 00

1,889 00

2,187 00

13,973 00

5,601 00

6,000 00

58,623 00

21,780 00

21,275 00

14,449 00

63 00

13,832 00

9,408 00

601 00

$197,469 00

$205 00

118,732 00

24 00

22,049 00

167 00

329 00

53 00

18,283 00

60 00

160 00

2,321 00

2,103 00

6,544 00

16,294 00

126,525 00

9,000 00

Equipment

$1,931 52
48"58'

709 90

371 48

4 54

$3,066 02

$146 00
84,875 00

25,480 00

617 00

5,717 00

200 00

$322,849 00

$44,360 00

7,825 00

196,266 00

9,708 00

16,001 00

26,446 00

15,102 00

265 00

1,222 00

1,040 00

6,455 00

7,619 00

6,990 00

12,679 00

$129,714 00

$18,932 00

Total

$27,797 29
49,065 39

17,023 00
1,488 58

171,363 00

1,085 92

$267,823 18

$654,690 44

351 00

203,607 00

24 00

47,529 00

496 00

670 00

24,000 00

260 00

162,947 00
12,679 00

$1,107,253 44

$449,673 59
63,292 00

17,789 00
221 00

256,246 00

32,891 00

486 00

]()()

FTSTI AND <!AMK COMMTSSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Fish Conservation — Continued

Repair of premises -

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Refrigeration

Boats.--

Household

Office

Total Fish Conservation.

Marine Fisheries:

Headquarters

Central Valleys investigation...

Library .

Marine fisheries investigation..

Statistics

Vessel — N. B. Scofield

Auditing — professional services.

Auto operations

Auto mileage

Cooperative research

Fish tagging

Freight, cartage, express

Laboratory supplies

Light, heat, power

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of equipment

Rent of premises

Repair of premises

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Boat operations

Books and publications

Office

Household

Total Marine Fisheries.

Game Conservation:

Field supervision

Game farms

Game management

Headquarters

Predatory animal control

Auto mileage

Auto

Bounties

Freight, cartage, express

Game foods

Laboratory supphes

Light, heat, power

Office

Operating

Photography

Postage

Printing

Rent of building space

Rent of equipment

Repair and maintenance of structures

Repair of equipment -.

Boarding house — subsistence

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Less reimbursement for auto operation Pittman-

Roberlson

Household

Housing ans subsistence

Total Game Conservation 1399,415 15

Salaries and
wages

$449,673 59

$33,591 87

34,570 22

3,060 00

59,999 33

52,039 82

22,347 49

$205,608 73

$72,669 03

116,991 30

85,110 59

21,069 14

103,575 09

Operating
expenses

$10,008 00

3,733 00

23,361 00

3,500 00

$379,901 00

$194 00

5,922 00

8,542 00

117 00

612 00

4,762 00

232 00

1,266 00

1,847 00

14,424 00

549 00

64 00

13,251 00

8.487 00

1,629 00

2,282 00

671 00

14,750 00

16,016 00

$95,617 00

$28 00

58,993 00

11,429 00

199 00

30,005 00

1,324 00

14,473 00

18,166 00

440 00

207 00

1,884 00

5,173 00

4,261 00

4,341 00

2,525 00

4,065 00

2,698 00

32,860 00

-10,699 00

$182,372 00

Equipment

$170 00
2,944 00
1,457 00

$41,513 00

$6,770 00

17,106 00
236 00

126 00

295 00

63 00

$24,596 00

$76,984 00

1,458 00

48,041 00

270 00

877 00
5,638 00

$133,268 00

Total

$63,928 00

4,571 00

$871,087 59

$68,162 09
3,254 00

134,386 64

5,922 00

15,312 00

8,836 00

31,530 00

785 00

57,150 00

484 00

$325,821 73

$399,415 15

28 00

135,977 00

57,430 00

1,458 00

66,207 00

710 00

58,014 00
-10,699 00

6,515 00

$715,055 15

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

101

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and

wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Licenses:

Licenses

Automobile

Freight, cartage, express

License commission paid to agent_

Office

Postage

Premium on bonds

Printing

Rent

Telephone and telegraph

Travel

Operating equipment

139,749 08

$1,056 43
2,910 59

44,901 27

590 25

3,438 40

7,878 56

22,079 11

1,222 25

160 18

1,701 24

$721 50

"'988'26'

$39,749 08
1,777 93

47,811 86
1,578 51

9 48

36,479 74
9 48

Total Licenses.

$39,749 08

185,938 28

$1,719 24

$127,406 60

Total support for Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year-
Less estimate maintenance deduction

Net totil support Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year.

i

Special claim for Secretary of State, Board of Control

Additions and Betterments:

Improvements — Administration:

Office buildings — Redding, Alturas

Installatioi of plumbing, air conditioning, etc

Patrol and Law Enforcement:

Purchase of boat

Airplane

Marine fisheries:

Modernization of heating system

Alterations of building

Research vessel

Fish conservation:

Repairs to Fall Creek Hatchery building

Refrigeration facilities. Central Valley

Central Valley sewer

Refrigeration facilities, Fillmore Hatchery

Fillmore Hatchery water facility

Fresno Hatchery experimental fish rearing tanks .
Hot Creek Hatchery — • Remodeling bachelor

quarters

Kaweah Hatchery — Cabin

Kern River Hatchery — Refrigeration facilities,

etc

Lake Almanor Hatchery — Miscellaneous im-
provements

Madera Hatchery — Electrification

Mojave River Hatchery — Water pump

Mojave River Hatchery — Food preparation

facilities

Mojave River Hatchery — Electric standby unit..

Mt. Shasta Hatchery — Repairs to residence

Madera Hatchery — Repairs to hatchery buildings.
Madera Hatchery — Repairs and alterations to

living quarters

Mt. Tallac Hatchery— Utility building

Improved water system — Prairie Creek Hatchery.

Mt. Whitney Hatchery — Bottled gas facility

Mt. Whitney Hatchery^Pond improvement

Mt. Whitney Hatchery — Refrigeration facilities,

etc

Mt. Whitney Hatchery — Repairs to bachelor

quarters

Mt. Whitney Hatchery — Spawning and planting

tanks

Sequoia Hatchery — Refrigeration facility

Tahoe Hatchery — Liquid gas installation...

Whittier Hatchery — Food preparation facility

Whittier Hatchery — Improvement utility building
Yuba River Hatchery — Electrification

3,414,447 69
—15,806 30

$905 36

$3,398,641 39
$905 36

Detail
$10,443 00
4,000 00

118,309 00
30,000 00

4,500 00

1,4.55 00

77,612 00

981 00
1,714 00

576 00

528 00
4,570 00

987 00

973 00

1,805 00

3,449 00

725 00

408 00

1,779 00

637 00

4,464 00

2,703 00

381 00

627 00

40 00

1,482 00

4,605 00

3,070 00

2,692 00

1,523 00

855 00
1,2&3 00

634 00
1,087 00

300 00

241 00

102

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Additions and Betterments — Continued
Game conservation:

Valley Center Game Farm — Pump and well

Los Banos Refuge — Water facility

Los Banos Refuge — Alteration to cottage

Suisun Refuge — Water supply

Tehama winter range fence

Food habits and disease laboratory

Imperial Valley Public Shooting Grounds — Pond

and water facility

Los Banos Game Farm — Pump, well tank and

pipe

Brooder, toolroom and equipment

Garage and cabin

Machinery

Construction of rearing pens for pheasants

Total improvements

Total additions and betterments-

Cooperation with Federal Government Pittman-

Robertson Act:

26D-3 restoration of valley quail in Sierra foothills

Evaluation of quail development and management

practice in California

30R-1 study of production, migration and wintering

areas of waterfowl in California

31R-1 effects of brush removal on game ranges in

California

28R-1 study of deer population and management

problems in California

26R-2 food habits of mountain quail, ringnecked

pheasant and coyote of California

22R-3 life history and management of ringnecked

pheasant in California

20R-3 survey of waterfowl foodplants

19R-3 life history and management of mountain quail

in California

21L-1 Doyle winter range

lOL-7 Tehama winter deer range

lOL-6 Tehama winter deer range

26D-2 restoration ef valley quail in all south coast

ranges---

18D-1 Beaver transplanting state-wide

18D-2 Beaver transplanting -..

Total Pittman-Robertson Act-

Less reimbursement from Federal Government
for Pittman-Robertson

Net total Pittman-Robertson Ninty-ninth
Fiscal Year -

Contribution to employees retirement fund.

Grand total Fish and Game Preservation
Fund Ninty-ninth Fiscal Year

$4,500 00

2,884 00

487 00

337 00

817 00

5,073 00

3,337 00

1,158 00
2,574 00
4,026 00
1,933 00
4,596 00

$13,298 25

360 87

3,190 48

2,768 16

10,145 50

7,887 43

13,882 02
1,099 21

6,617 29
29,266 88

1,262 65
16,742 70

21,200 87
3,812 74
2,172 56

$323,160 00

$323,160 00

133,707 61

-100,278 00

33,429 61

260,000 00

$4,016,136 36

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

103

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function.

General fund:
Pacific marine fisheries compact expenses Chapter
1447/47

Wildlife restoration fund:
Support:

Senior stenographer-clerk

Office.-

Printing

Telegraph and telephone

Traveling

Automobile

Rent

Pro rata departmental administration -
Pro rata personnel board service

Total support wildlife restoration fund.

Capital Outlay — Construction, improvements, repairs
and equipment:
Marine fisheries:

Deer Creek fish screens

Preliminary work architectural service

Total marine fisheries.
Wildlife Restoration Fund:

Capital outlay — Contruetion, improvement, repairs
and equipment:
Fish conservation:
Crystal Lake Hatchery:

Improvement to ponds

Miscellaneous improvement

Repair to ranch house

Refrigeration facility

Building and miscellaneous development

Total fish conservation.

Game conservation:
Brawley Game Farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Pump, well, tank and pipe

Brooders, toolroom and equipment.

Cabin and garage

Incubator

Salaries and

wages

$1,242 00

$1,242 00

Operating
expenses

$3 00

155 00

6 00

984 00

34 00

10 00
125 00

75 00

$1,392 00

Equipment

$11,000 00

$581 00

1,671 00

$2,252 00

$3,575 00
5,000 00

$8,575 00

Chico Game Farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Brooders, toolroom and equipment.

Cabin and garage

Machinery

Marysville Game Farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Pump, well, tank pipe and hardware

Brooders, feed room, toolroom and miscel-
laneous equipment

Cabin and garage

Porterville Game Farm:

Rearing and holding pens

Pump, well, tank, pipe and hardware.
Brooders, toolroom and equipment

Coast Counties QuaU Habitat:
Quonset type hut

Water and feed facilities

Southern California Quail Development:

Salaries and wages

Operating expenses

Equipment

$5,271 00

1,838 00

682 00

1,017 00

115,000 00

$123,808 00

$5,146 00

954 00

2,753 00

2,384 00

2,562 00

4,931 00
3,767 00
3,459 00
3,110 00

4,711 00
3,726 00

2,540 00
1,787 00

2,727 00
2,283 00
1,992 00

2,242 00
613 00

1,023 00

1,128 00

18,147 00

Total

$11,000 00

$4,886 00

$8,575 00

104

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES (COMPLETE) BY OBJECT— Continued

For the Period July 1, 1947, to June 30, 1948

(Ninety-ninth Fiscal Year) — Continued

Function

Salaries and
wages

Operating
expenses

Equipment

Total

Wildlife Restoration Fund — Continued
Capital Outlay — Construction, Improvements,

Repairs, and Equipment — Continued
Game Conservation— Continued
Honey Lake Waterfowl Management Area:
Fleming Ranch — Improvements to reservoir,
dam and bed

Improvements to water control:

Facilities and pond development:

Reservoir field

New road fields

Upper lake fields

Lower lake fields

Dakin Ranch — Harston reservoir flood channel.
Dakin Ranch — Miscellaneous projects

Imperial Valley Public Shooting Grounds:

Land leveling and lease .

Development of south pumice unit

Development of north pumice unit

Madeline Plains Waterfowl Development:

Garage and workshop..

Water control facilities -_.

Miscellaneous improvements to buildings and

grounds

Fencing..

Delivery ditch improvement

Pump and well.

Total Game Conservation.

Total construction, improvements, repairs and
equipment

Contributions to state employees retirement system.
Total Wildlife Restoration Fund

$1,080 00

3,078 00
3,332 00
727 00
2,290 00
2,060 00
1,838 00

11,998 00
1,250 00
4,500 00

2,974 00
1,614 00

510 00
2,533 00
4,560 00
1,000 00

$117,327 00

$249,710 00
$117 00

$117 00

$254,713 00

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 10.")

ARRESTS, FINES AND SEIZURES

Page

1. Total Arrests Over 46 Years . 105

2. Recapitulation, Arrests and Convic-tions 105

3. Seizure of Fish and Game (Fish) 106

4. Seizure of Fish and Game (Game) 106

5. Fish Cases 107

6. Game Cases 108

TOTAL ARRESTS FOR PERIOD OF 46 YEARS

1902-1904 550

1904-1906 774

1906-1908 1,192

1908-1910 1,771

1910-1912 2,063

1912-1914 1,993

1914-1916 2,087

1916-1918 1,797

1918-1920 1,891

1920-1922 2,258

1922-1924 2,715

1924-1926 3,207

1926-1928 4,390

1928-1930 5,388

1930-1932 5,237

1932-1934 3,795

1934-1936 4,535

1936-1938 6,382

1938-1940 7,444

1940-1942 7.262

1942-1944 .4,298

1944-1946 5,902

1946-1948 11,331

ARRESTS AND CONVICTIONS RECAPITULATION

Number of
arrests

Fines
imposed

Jail sentences
(days)

Fish cases

1946-1947 -

2,977
2,374

$100,817 60
$129,132 00

1,828

Game cases
1946-1947

1,700H

Totals 1946-1947

5,351
3,492
2,488

$229,949 SO

$97,704 00

$148,713 50

3.528H

Fish cases

1947-1948 — -

mii

Game cases

1947-1948

2,509J^

Totals 1947-1948 - -

6,980

5,351
6,980

$246,417 50

$229,949 50
$246,417 50

2,679

Recapitulation:

1946-1947 - -

3,5281^

1947-1948 --

2,679

Totals . - --- -

11,331

$476,367 00

6,207}^

-1676r!

106

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

SEIZURES OF FISH AND GAME
FISH CASES

July 1, 1946

to
June 30, 1947

July 1, 1947

to
June 30, 1948

Total

Fish

Abalones

Abalones, pounds

Bass

Bass, pounds

Barracuda

Barracuda, pounds

Catfish

Catfish, pounds

Clams

Cockles

Carp

Carp, pounds

Crabs

Crabs, pounds

Crappie

Bonito, pounds

Halibut

Lobsters --.

Lobsters, pounds

Mackerel and sardines, pounds.

Octopus

Rock bass

Salmon

Salmon, pounds

Scallops --.

Sturgeon

Sturgeon, pounds

Sunfish

Sunfish, pounds

Suckers

Trout -..

Trout, pounds

Yellowfin croaker

Yellowfin croaker, pounds

Skipjack

5,344
1,2371^^

343
1,251

208
4,062

288

250

3,641

10,573

114

908

57

1

1,995
7,522H

40
9

47

79
1,362

1

10

135

1,207
4,856

3,366

3,659

926

4,260

71

2,112

410

598

18,303

22,559

7

500

216

1,200

40

115

5

411

8,162

1,027,795

73

386

144

1

1,852

45

68

1,459

196

20

300

7,680

8,710

4,896H

1,269

5,511

279

6,174

698

848

21,944

33,132

121

500

1,124

1,200

97

115

6

2,406

15,684 J^

1,027,830

9

47

152

1,748

144

2

10

1,987

45

68

2,666

5,052

20

300

7,680

GAME CASES

July 1. 1946

to
June 30, 1947

July 1, 1947

to
June 30, 1948

Total

Game
Bear

1

1

135

1

33

143

2,940

841

1,340

1

1

149

139

2

135

Antplone - -

1

35

109

5,931

411

623

68

Beer -_- ---

252

8,871

Doves

1,252

Ducks _ - ___

1,963

Gallinule . . . _

1

Grouse _ - - - - - _

1

Geese

145

379

13

307

141

180

7

4

29

9

1

36

35

294

Frogs

518

TTamstera

13

251

68

145

558

Quail

209

Rabbits

325

Sacehens -.--

7

Seaeulls - . - _ - -

3

76
22
12
27

7

105

31

Swan - . -- --

13

Non-Eame

63

Antelope meat, pounds -_- -

35

7
35

7

Pigeons

1

36

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT
FISH CASES

107

Offense

Abalonea: Undersize; over limit; out of shell; no
license; failure to show; taking to sell commercially
Angling: Failure to show license; closed stream; set
line; spearing; gaffing 300' of stream; no license;
using another's license; shooting fish; nonresident
using resident license; night fishing; use of explo-
sives; using traps; back dating license; game fish

for bait .

Bass: Night fishing; selling and buying striped bass;
under size; overlimit; possession closed season;
undersize for bait; early fishing; late fishing;

seining.. .--

Barracuda: No license; overlimit; on boat with

purse seine net; sale of undersize -..

Catfish: Closed season; undersize; overlimit; selling

and purchasing undersize ; set lines

Chumming; Inland waters; for trout with cluster

salmon eggs

Clams: Undersize; overlimit; closed season; out of

shell; early and late clanuning

Crappie: Overlimit; closed season; seining

Crabs: IFndersize; overlimit; failure to issue market

receipt-s; taking on Sunday....

Cockles: Overlimit; undersize; failure to show

Bluegill: Closed season; overlimit; netting

Croakers: Illegal sale; round haul net

Perch: No license; closed season; selling without tags.
Lobsters: Overlimit; undersize; closed season; traps
closed district; selling oversize; possession un-

punched; no boat registration .

Salmon: Undersize; closed season; spawning bed;
snagging; shooting; gafiing; drift gill net; night

fishing

Sturgeon: Possession

Scallops: Taking, no license

Trout: Closed season; set line; closed stream; over-
limit; untagged for sale; spearing at night; chum-
ming with salmon eggs; use of explosives; within

300' mouth of stream

Seals: Shooting .

Commercial: Illegal diving; no license; trawl net
closed area; failure to keep records; operating
lampara net closed area; illegal gill net; failure to
keep log; round haul net District 19A; failure to
pay privilege tax; operating beach seine District 4;
fyke nets, closed district; fish wastage; no packers'
license; failure to register with Fish and Game;
oversize mesh; failure to show license on demand.

Pollution: Oil; sawdust; edgings; tannic acid; sewage;
fish refuse --.

Mackerel and Sardines: Using more than 3214%_ in
reduction; more than 25% small size; delivering
and receiving undersize

July 1, 1946,

to
June 30, 1947

Arrests

Totals... — 2,97

576

606

478

1

12

7

341

27

39

22

131

4
2

65

26
1

Fines

390
1

203
2

42

1

$18,495 00

12,047 00

13,729 50

5 00

1,572 50

275 00

10,778 00
402 00

3,830 00
510 00

3,608 00

200 00

60 00

3,570 00

7,441 00
75 00

Jail

11,344 50
25 00

8,825 00\

300 00/

3,700 00

25 00

$100,817 50

35

755

529

July 1, 1947,

to
June 30, 1948

Arrests

505

1,828
days

483

1,240

354

12

28

16

524
11

19

78

139

3

2

54

115

Fines

1

153
3

174
58
25

3,492

$14,174 00

21,821 50

10,262 00

400 00

520 00

730 00

13,104 00
225 00

925 00
1,990 00
3,568 50

150 00
35 00

2,787 00

2,473 00

20 00

5,328 00
75 00

10,451 00

8,475 00

190 00

$97,704 00

Jail

40M

27H

79J^

16

169 J4
days

108

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION
GAME CASES

Offense

July 1, 1946,

to
June 30, 1947

Arrests

Fines

Jail

July 1, 1947,

to
June 30, 1948

Arrests

Fines

Jail

Antelope: Closed season

Bear: Closed season

Beaver

Coots: Closed season; shooting from auto; rifle; no
license

Deer: Closed season; spike buck; spotlighting; failure
to tag properly; doe; taking in refuge; altering tag;
illegal possession ; second deer district 1 ; failure to
keep hides; transferring tag; .22 rifle; killing fawn ;
taking forked horn; no tags; possessing tags issued
to another; purchase of fawn; selling fawn; over-
limit _ _

Deer Meat: Closed season; illegal possession; un-
marked; no entry permit; sale; yearling; spike buck.
Doves: Closed season; overlimit; failure to show
license; unplugged gun; taking from motor vehicle;

early and late shooting; .22 rifle -.

Ducks: Closed season; unplugged gun; overlimit;
offering for sale; in refuge; late shooting; shooting

from motor boat; no license; failure to show

Frogs: Under size; overlimit; closed season

Elk: Illegal possession

Geese: Overlimit; late shooting; keeping in captivity.

Grouse; Possession

Grebe: Possession.

Gallinule: Closed season

Pheasants: Closed season; hen; early shooting; from

vehicle; overlimit; .22 rifle; selling untagged

Quail: Closed season; overlimit; trapping; unplugged

2
21

504
101

162

212

6

1

35

1
2

100 00
490 00

49,954 50
8,951 00

4,855 00

9,842 00

170 00

200 00

1,370 00

25 00

35 00

gun.

Rabbit: Closed season; no license; taking at night;

operating snares __

Pigeons: Closed season; overlimit

Nongame: No permit; trapping; possession

Swan: Possession; killing

Shorebirds

Hunting: No license; night hunting; in refuge; closed
season; shooting from motor boat; early and late
shooting; transfcrance of license; resident license
used by nonresident; unplugged gun; shooting

from auto; posted land

Trespass: In refuge

Trapping: No license; harboring game birds; remov-
ing aniujals from state trapper's trap

Fur Bearing Mamnials: Bear: closed season;

Marten: closed season

Deer Tags: Possession other than own; failure to
validate; failure to carry; "A" tag in one-deer
district; altering

351

66

140
2

46
5

21

684
1

26,987 00

2.784 50

3.785 50
50 00

1,576 00

97 50

842 50

16,839 50
25 00

87 00

65 00

848
624M

193

32

Totals.

2,374

$129,132 00

1,700'^
days

21

444
127

223

448
19

50 00
385 00

53,135 50
15,279 00

7,079 00

20,191 50
520 00

67

2

2
1

206

52

33
23
31
18
32

637
29

3

4

62

2,032 00
75 00
50 00
75 00

11,470 00

1,431 00

765 00
795 00
827 50
680 00
825 00

30,133 00

615 00

120 00

135 00

2,045 00

2,488

$148,713 50

993
1,137

180

30
20

141^2

2,509,1^
days

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT 109

MARINE FISHERIES STATISTICS

Page

1. California Fisheries Production 109

2. Pounds and Value of Commercial Fish Landings in California __ 109

3. Nationality of Commercial Fishermen 110

4. Residence of Licensed Commercial Fishermen 110

5. Tuna Catch in Pounds 111

6. Catches of Bottom Fish, in Pounds 111

TABLE 1
California Fisheries Production

1946

1947

Total

Total landings, pounds

Cases offish canned

Tons of fisii meal produced

Gallons of fish oil produced

Gallons of hver oil produced

Value of canned and processed fishery products

919,334,000

9,085,235

52,895

4,902,625

169,586

795,092,000

10,243,991

37,065

2,633,604

221,557

$102,420,392

$132,721,357

1,714,426,000

19,329,228

89,960

7,536,229

391,143

$235,141,749

TABLE 2
Pounds and Value of Commercial Fish Landings in California

Species

1946

1947

Pounds

Value

Pounds

Value

Yellnwfin t.lina

127,247,000

41,088,000

510,759,000

15,093,000

22,032,000

18,068,000

13,658,000

5,626,000

53,875,000

1,605,000

9,644,000

4,562,000

10,569,000

1,918,000

11,173,000

38,025,000

3,107,000

2,500,000

1,922,000

859,000

2,096,000

616,000

1,156,000

410,000

2,659,000

358,000

437,000

18,272,000

$14,614,000

4,283,000

6,8.53.000

327,000

2,246,000

3,587,000

2,375,000

536,000

1,431,000

1,615,000

1,319,000

374,000

506,000

611,000

552,000

1,215,000

399,000

433,000

43,000

269,000

254,000

117,000

102,000

108,000

256,000

71,000

22,000

828,000

150,459,000

52,462,000

255.514,000

129.048.000

20.838,000

13,427,000

11,445,000

13,697,000

46,478.000

2,638,000

10,733,000

9,953,000

12,334,000

1,763,000

8,499,000

14,543,000

2,666,000

1,839,000

18,941,000

1,010,000

2,670,000

1,083,000

1,941,000

299.000

902,000

231.000

843,000

8,836,000

$23,445,000

Skipjack _. - -

7,586,000

Sardine

5,802.000

Jack mackerel - .

3,323,000

Bluefin tuna

3,321,000

Albacore -

3,140,000

Salmon

2,265,000

Bonito . .

1,606,000

Pacific mackerel

1,390,000

Shark

1,325,000

Crab

1.305.000

Yellowtail

1.124.000

Sole

628.000

Spiny lobster

513,000

Rockfish

416,000

Squid

391,000

Barracuda

351,000

California halibut - - -

339,000

Anchov\'.. .

335,000

Broadbill swordfish

322.000

Abalone .

307.000

^Tiite sea bass . -

231.000

Ling cod

163.000

Catfish

85.000

Sablefish

77,000

Northern halibut -

54,000

Shrimp

51,000

Mother

552,000

Totals...

919,334.000

$45,346,000

795.092,000

$60,447,000

110

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

TABLE 3
Nationality of Commercial Fishermen

Nativity

1946-47

1947-48

United States

8,513

1,339

736

454

370

198

92

60

59

51

50

49

48

47

38

21

187

9,058

Italy

1,362

782

Norway - - -

454

378

Great Britain - -

172

96

56

Denmark _

58

Finland..

63

Philippine Islands - --

38

51

Mexico - _ - - --

57

Greece - _ - .

53

38

Austria - -

21

157

12,312

12,894

TABLE 4
Residence of Licensed Commercial Fishermen

Region of residence

1946-47

1947-48

Eureka

Sacramento

San Francisco.--

Monterey

Santa Barbara-

Los Angeles--

San Diego

Alaska, Oregon, Washington
Mexico

Totals

845

856

671

672

1,384

1,312

1,294

1,372

569

617

4,741

4,970

2,127

2,405

666

676

15

14

12,312

12,894

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE 5
Tuna Catch in Pounds

111

Species

1946

1947

Yellowfiii .

127,247,000

41.088,000

22,032,000

5,626,000

18,068,000

150,459,000
52,462,000
20,838,000
13,697,000
13 427 000

Skipjack .

Bluefin

Bonito . ..

Albacore -- - -

Totals

214,061,000

250,883,000

TABLE 6
Catches of Bottom Fish, in Pounds

Species

1946

1947

Flatfish:
Sole - -

10,569,000

679,000

509,000

50,000

11,173,000

2,659,000

1,156,000

12,334,000

Sand dab . - _

701,000

Starrv flounder -_ .

527,000

Turbot

102,000

Rockfish (rock cod) _ _ -

8,499,000

Sablefish (black cod)

902,000

Ling cod - -- - _-

1.941,000

Totals

26,795,000

25.006,000

112

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

TABLE 1. FISH PLANTED— 1946
Hatchery Reared Fish Planted in Each County

Trout

Salmon,
King

Total

County

Rainbow

Steelhead

Cutthroat

Eastern
brook

Brown

number
of fish

105,490
195,500
618,500
108,800

21,050

1,205,130

947,920

64,856
575,208

63,507
343,630
164,475
172,525

30,800
554,701

61,162
378,920
925,145

41,310

100,000

667,552

9,650

549,105

1,287,340

23,650
287,560

27,550
115,800

17,850

15,550

7,620

221,783

57,929
963,330
556,070
606,950
393,300
321,400
671,721
604.577

72,750

63,120

50,000

63,700

75,000

3,400

219,190

Amador

270 500

Butte

621,900

Calaveras

108 800

Del Norte

502,596

496,080

1,019,726

El Dorado

407,060

187,060

3,011

145,939

1,612,190

Fresno

1,134,980

367,920

2,700

438,487

235,170

956,317

Kern

63,507

110,650

454,280

Los Angeles

164,475

Madera

10,040

182,565

1,960

32,760

Mariposa-

51,660

101,925

708,286

Merced

61,162

Modoc

30,000
198,090

408,920

Mono

897,982

290,970

2,312,187

Monterey

31,250

72,560

100,000

Nevada

268,334

935,886

Orange

9,650

Placer

135,584
112,360

681,089

Plumas

1,399,700

Riverside

23,650

San Bernardino

287,560

San Diego __

27,550

San Francisco

115,800

San Luis Obispo .

17,850

San Mateo ..

65,700

81,250

Santa Barbara

7,620

Santa Clara

221,783

Santa Cruz. ,

166,274

224,203

Shasta. .

55,960

136,480

97,028

25,000

74,720
167,404
185,962

109,250

1,128,540

Sierra

692,550

Siskiyou

394,986

3,265,073

4,364,037

Tphama

418,300

Trinity

396,120

Tulare

839, 125

Tuolumne

41,370

831,909

Ventura

72,750

Yuba

63,120

Grand totah...

14,220,786

1,530,686

947,982

2,607,322

715,805 3,763,853

23,786,434

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

ii;3

TABLE 2
Hatchery Reared Warm-water Fishes — 1946

Number
of fish

Largemouth bass 14,54!i

Sacramento perch 23^010

Bluegill sunfish 1,638

Total 39,227

Trout

Steelhead .

1.290 fi20

Brown . - 8

Total

1,290,628

Salmon

King

.. . 383,581

Silver

135,090

Total

518.671

TABLE 3

Fish Rescued — 1946

Warm-water Fishes

Smallmouth black bass 51,717

Largemouth black bass 50,558

Spotted bass 15,900

Striped bass 113

Sacramento perch 50,000

Crappie 48,901

Squaretail catfish 290,138

Forkedtail catfish 388,409

Bluegill sunfish 85,680

Green sunfish 285,524

Warmouth 70,008

Sturgeon 4

Total 1,337,012

114

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

TABLE 1. FISH PLANTED— 1947
Hatchery Reared Fish Planted in Each County

Trout

Salmon

Total

County

Rainbow

Steelhead

Cutthroat

Eastern
brook

Brown

King

Kokanee

number
of fish

194,100

144,000

601,800

144,696

27,550

1,452,162

1,012,549

12,600

64,235

568,252

129,070

599,480

253,500

315,702

33,320

633,717

47,840

402,240

1,068,157

40,205

108,015

1,117,862

4,S50

909,520

1,188,020

55,150

384,176

45,000

21,400

13,532

32,850

31,500

36,685

1,310,309

648,772

1,093,885

15,000

315,600

536,078

880,726

602,589

64,120

49,300

149,100

74,600

417,800

144,000

Butte

15,000

616,800

144,696

Dpi Nnrtp

346,900

470,700

845,150

El Dorado

201,410
129,990

76,000

1.728,572

1,142,639

12,600

246,055

33,610

2,600
146,290

25,200

371,700

19,750

734.292

129,070

43,900

14,580

667,960

Ijos Anceles

253,600

64,202

379,904

33,320

19,200

103,600

756,617

Mercsd

47,840

402,240

180,800

407,301

381,690

2,037,948

Monterey

14,512

54,717

.

108,015

Nevada

194,271

100,000

1,412,133

Orange

4,350

63,572
22,000

973,092

80,000

1,290,020

55,150

384.176

San Die 20

45,000

San Luis Obispo

21,400

13,632

Santa Barbara

32,860

Santa Clara

31,500

Santa Cruz

141,452

178,137

Shfl-sta

17,160
40,190
92,820

129,890

1,457,359

688,962

343,240

3,237,150

4,767.095

Solano

16.000

10,000

15,240

113,052

95,220

60,000

385.600

21,600

572,918

Tulare

993,778

76,720

282,800

1,067,329

54,120

Yuba .—

49,300

Grand totals

17,199,614

1,113,759

363,610

1,763,018

881.230

3,733,050

457,800

25,501,981

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE 2
Hatchery Reared Warm-water Fishes — 1947

Number
of fish

Smallmouth bass 109,222

Largemouth bass 9,234

Sacramento perch 1,220

Bluegill sunfish 19,765

Total 139,441

115

Trout

Rainbow

Steelhead

Brown

Total

Salmon

King

Silver.

Total

TABLE 3

Fish Rescued — 1947

Warm-water Fishes

70 Black spotted bass 787

482,101 Smallmouth bass 110,770

1,560 Largemouth bass 77,065

Green sunfish 4,941

483,731 Bluegill sunfish 52,350

Forkedtail catfish 65,031

Squaretail catfish 188,787

Crappie. 47,834

Sacramento perch 1,224

Warmouth bass 16,046

5,569 Striped bass 4,954

14,015 Shad—. 4,000

19,584 Total 573,789

I

\

116 FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

GAME STATISTICS

Page

1. Twenty-one Year Record of Deer Kill bet. 116-117

2. Record of Mountain Lion Bounties Paid by Division of Fish
and Game bet. 116-117

3. Predatory Animal Catch by Counties 117

4. Game Bird Releases 118

s

4

FORTIETH BIENNIAL REPORT
PREDATORY ANIMAL CATCH BY COUNTIES

117

July 1, 1946 to June 30,

1947

July 1, 1947 to June 30, 1

948

Total
for

biennium

Coyote

Bobcat

Other
preda-
tors

Total

Coyote

Bobcat

Other
preda-
tors

Total

Alpine

42

62

111

3

6

43

201

27

32

3

10

3

1

6

9

58

5

120

45
72

395

5

12

53

344
32

164

10
43
98
53

3

15

257

3
56

7
122

8

1
7
8
11
1

11

64

302

65

6

19

1,017

5

210

98

124

22

56

Amador

14

196

1

2

4

633

136

697

70

18

72

Butte

281
1

Calaveras ..

Colusa

EI Dorado

1
85

Fresno ...

1,272

2

121

1,361
37

Glenn _.

Humboldt _. _

12

33'
91

374
98

Imperial

Invo

104

145

8

51

451

117

2

18

3

22

2

10

50

22

4
17

111

184

10

61

652

201

2

65

2
1

235

Kern...

13

206
10

Kings ...

Lake .

48

649

267

58

89

39

39

72

28

6

46

1

6

3

24
7
12
17
36

87

765

508

114

115

265

14

102

77

72

90

47

264

251

3

444

421

670

690

251

26

363

94

3

130

148

Lassen. ..

151

62

77
169

28

20
219

12

1,417
709

Los Angeles

Madera

116

Mariposa

9

38

180

Mendocino..

265

1
26
99

148
13
44
96

217

1
1
6

89
1

76
8

45

12

14
27
108
307
15
128
105
293

1

96

71

5

54

14

247

196

3

63
232
289
109
204
4

47

78

3

90

28

Modoc ..

129

3

70
1
8
1

31

3
43
29
21

IS'i

Monterey

Nevada

Orange

Plumas _.

379
105
175
369

Riverside..

19

544

Sacramento

3

San Benito

125
291
194
171
368

101
104
111
119
37

163

47
157
221

21

389
442
462
511
426

150

95

172

115

41

4

59
16

231
94

209

466

6

18

257

833

San Bernardino

San Diego

San Luis Obispo

Santa Barbara

Santa Clara

863
1,132
1,201

677
26

Santa Cruz

4

118

3

39

3
19

1
11

4

11

2

2

23

21

11

148

6

52

23

94

73

20

349

217

323

9

50

374

Shasta

242

Sierra..

9

Siskiyou

Solano

16

24

182
23

Stanislaus.

58

69

12

95

192

265

3

38

15
4
8

28

25

42

3

3

28

77

44

318

165

211

23
23
8
31
35
48

26

77
100

52

610

203

275

1

33

171

Tehama

173

Trinity .

72

Tulare.

226

261

3

15

1

1

959

Tuolumne

420

Ventura

16
3
9

598

Yolo

10

Yuba. ..

27

5

83

Totals

4,112

1,194

1,704

7,010

4,462

1,459

3,239

9,160

16,170

Average number of trappers

Miles of trapline

Number of sets

Number of days

1946-47

26

454,892

451,217

8,288

1947-48

28

470,115

498,103

9,627

118

FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

GAME BIRD RELEASES

LIBERATION OF GAME FARM BIRDS, JANUARY 1, 1946
Through December 31, 1947

County

Ringneck

Reeves

Turkey

Chukar

Valley
quail

Total

857

857

2 Alnine

542
4,294

2

155
150

6

705

4 Butte

4,444

fi Colu<?a

967
2,573

967

63

2,636

8 Del Norte ---

9 El Dorado

16

16

4.357
3,594

834
5,131
4,532
7,080
1,644

494
2,003
1,029

432
1,243

386

4,743

11 Glenn

3,594

12. Humboldt

5

128
214
582

839

5,259

4,746

15. Kern

40

200
65

7,902

16 Kines --- - -

1,709

17 Lake

494

2,003

1,428

55

2,512

20 Madera

432

21 Marin

1,243

108

108

940

5,280

3,997

188

164

2,567

150

171

165

60

1,090

5,451

25 Modoc

4,162

248

27 Monterpv

164

23

29

2,619

2Q Nevada

768

283

173

2,614

1,736

18

2,603

1,428

21
374

36
1,079

16

12
2,068
1,354

789

31 Placer

657

209

33. Riverside - - - --

358

61

36
19

4,148

34 Sacramento

1,771

35 San Benito

24
34

54

4,705

130

2,912

5,419
165

5,419

112

44

440

93

854

1,411

744

513

2,632

1,139

2,896

4,140

1,395

3,405

274

2,093

29

50

15

112

212

30
54

50

1,520

43 Santa Clara

848

528

486
36
57

2

3,230

1,387

2,953

18
48

34

4,194

4Q Sonoma

1,443

44

12

3,461

51 Slitter

274

152

2,245

54 Tulare

7,075

383

1,834

1,760

590

242

129

979

28

7,317

45

23

580

2,813

57 Yolo

1,788

58. Yuba

590

Totals

102,233

1,278

353

11,066

702

115,632

iKTfiH in-4Q fir,nn

-K

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I