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California

Wild
Flowers

Theodore Payne

, C ' *^O ,

California
Wild Flowers

Their Culture and Care

A treatise describing upwards of a

hundred beautiful species with

a few notes on their habits

and characteristics.

By
Theodore Payne

Copyright 1910, by Theodore Payne

Published October 1910

All Rights Reserved

Theodore Payne

345 S. Main St., Los Angeles, Cal.
U. S. A.

Wild Flower Seeds

For Different Situations
and Color Effects

For those who have large grounds and require a
quantity of seed I will be pleased to quote special
prices on any kinds that I am able to offer in large
quantities, and for those who simply desire mix-
tures of different kinds, the price will be found
given on page 17 of this booklet.

Annuals for shady and partially shady places.

Nemophila aurita, Nemophihi insignis, Nemophila
maculata, Viola pedunculata, Collinsia bicolor,
Floerkia Douglasii, Godetia Bottae, Godetia
amoena, Godetia grandiflora, Meconopsis hetero-
phylla, Mimulus brevipes, and Clarkia elegans.

Annuals for very dry sunny places. Mentzelia
Lindleyi, Layia glandulosa, Layia elegans, Esch-
scholtzia californica, Phacelia Whitlavia, and
Helianthus annuus.

Annuals in orange, yellow and cream shades, given
as nearly as possible in the order in which they
commence blooming. Baeria gracilis, Coreopsis
Douglasii, Viola peduuculata, Floerkia Douglasii,
Coreopsis Stillmanii, Eschscholtzia californica,
Platystemon californicus, Malacothrix califor-
nica, Layia elegans, Mimulus brevipes, Mimulus
luteus, Mentzelia Lindleyi, and Helianthus
annuus.

Annuals in blue, purple and lavender shades. Nemo-
phila insignis, Nemophila aurita, Gilia achillae-

acea.

Low growing* Annuals" for small beds or borders.
Nemophila insignis, Nemophila maculata, Baeria
gracilis, Coreopsis Douglasii, Floerkia Douglasii,
Platystemon californicus, Viola pedunculata,
Gilia dianthoides, and Orthocarpus purpurascens.

Perennials for dry banks. Zauschneria californica,
Lupinus arboreus, Encelia californica, Trichos-
tema lanatum, Pentstemon heterophyllus.

Native Trees and Shrubs. I am making a specialty
of growing our native trees and shrubs, but as it
takes years to work up a stock of these, espe-
cially as most of them are raised from the seed,
it is my intention to issue price lists, from time
to time, of the kinds that 1 have large enough
for sale. The latest list will be mailed free on
application.

INTRODUCTION
AND CULTURAL NOTES

We are just beginning to really appreciate our
native plants, trees and shrubs, and to realize fully
their beauty, charm and value for cultivation in
our gardens. In hunting the world over for exotics
to bring here, we have exhausted the supply from
many lands, until few countries have as large and
varied a list of plants from all climes as are repre-
sented in the gardens of California. Yet we have
neglected many of the most beautiful, the most in-
teresting, and also the most appropriate of all, be-
cause they harmonize so perfectly with our sur-
roundings, and are so well adapted to our climate
and conditions; our own native plants, planted here
by nature herself, the first of all gardeners. When
we wander out into the hills, in the canyons, or by
the mountain streams, and see the gnarled old syca-
mores, picturesque live oaks, or the tall, stately
maples and eottonwoods, the banks covered with
wild grape vines, California fusehias and honey-
suckles, the open plains of golden poppies, or even
the dry hillsides with the Spanish bayonets stand-
ing erect, their many thousands of white flowers
glistening in the sunshine, we realize after all how
set, how formal, and how limited have been our
own garden plots, compared with all the wild beauty
and grandeur of the native landscape. We want
some of this right near us, in our own grounds. A
little nook here, or a little patch there, only let it
be just "wild."

The appreciation that many of my friends, and
the public, have shown in my work of collecting
and growing our California native flowers, trees
and shrubs, has induced me to issue this little
-booklet, with the hope that it may be a_ source of
interest and service t,o many, and that they may
be induced to try at least a few of the species de-
scribed herein, in their own gardens.

Some very fine effects can be had by planting
many of the perennials in large masses, or in
groups or clumps between shrubbery or trees, and
in nooks and corners. Some of the most desirable
are the Pentstemons, especially P. spectabilis, a
tall growing species with long spikes of rich blue
and purple flowers; P. centranthifolius or the
"Scarlet Bugler" as it is commonly called; with
its vivid scarlet flowers and glaucous green stems
and foliage; the Scarlet Larkspur, a tall, much-
branched plant, with bright scarlet flowers; the
Blue Larkspur; the Castillejas or "Paint-brushes";
the wild Columbine; the Yellow Lupin; the Cali-
fornia fuchsia and the Solanums.

The seeds of the perennials can be sown in pots
or seed boxes, using light, well-drained soil, and
covering the seed very lightly, and as soon as large
enough the plants can be transplanted; or the seed
may be sown in the open ground where the plants
are to remain and flower. I have had good results
with many species from the latter method, but
great care must be taken not to disturb the beds
during the dry or dormant period, as one is apt to
forget that they are there, and the plants are easily
Destroyed.

For shady and partially shady locations the na-
tive lilies can be used to great effect, the Lilium
Humboldtii being of particularly easy culture and
free flowering. The Fritillarias, Erythroniums and
Brodiaea coeeinea are also suitable for shady
places, while for sunny locations the other species
of Brodiaea and many of the Calochorti can be
used.

For those who want quick results with the least
possible labor and expense the annuals will always
be the most popular. For large places where there
are trees, banks and slopes, hollows or open
stretches of ground the most marvelous effects can
be produced in a few months by sowing the seed
broadcast in these spots, while for small gardens a
patch of native annuals would always be a source
of great interest and beau*"- . In sowing California
wild flower seeds follow nature as much as possible,
scatter the seeds broadcast over the ground and
let them come up after the rains commence.
Wherever practicable it is best to work up the sur-
face of the ground and pulverize with a fine rake,
afterwards the seeds can be scattered broadcast
over the ground. A very good time is just before
a rain, or even while it is raining, if it can be so
arranged. They require practically no further at-
tention, and will succeed with an average amount
of rainfall without artificial irrigation. In dry
years, of course, watering would be beneficial, and
in cases where very quick results are desired, fre-
quent waterings will produce a quicker growth. The
seeds can also be sown later on in the season, up to
about February, and if sprinkled frequently many
species will flower quite profusely, though they will
not succeed as well as those sown in the fall. Many
of our vacant town lots could be sown broadcast
with wild flowers, producing little beauty spots for
several months in the year. If vacant lots should
be used, however, the ground should be plowed up
some time before, and thoroughly watered, so that
all the weed seeds would start to grow, and as soon
as large enough the weeds should be hoed off, several
times, if necessary. This . is very important, as
most of the vacant lots are so abundant in weeds
that the flower seeds would be choked out. After
the weeds have been exterminated, the surface of
the ground can be worked up, with a rake, and the
seed sown. The above remarks refer entirely to
California.

In the eastern states the seed should be sown in
spring after danger of frost is over. Most species
will prove successful there, and be highly prized.

While nearly all the annuals listed in this book-
let will succeed in the open sunlight, there are some
which do quite well in shade or partial shade, and
others which require it. On page 2 I have given a
list of the best kinds for planting in shady places,
also some desirable kinds for very hot dry locations,
and lists in separate colors for producing a succes-
sion of bloom, given as nearly as possible in the
order in which they commence flowering, also some
low growing kinds for small beds.

CALIFORNIA WILD
FLOWER SEEDS

Abronia umbellata. "Sand Verbena." Annual of
low trailing habit. Flowers delicate rose, re-
sembling a verbena. Of easy cultivation, thriv-
ing best in sandy soil. Pkt. 5c.

Antirrhinum Coulterianum. "White Snapdragon."
Annual 3 to 5 feet high. Small white flowers in
spikes often 2 feet long. Pkt. lOc.

Aquilegia truncata. ' ' Columbine. ' ' Perennial 2
to 3 feet high. Flowers deep scarlet tipped with
yellow. Stems slender and fascinatingly grace-
ful, with leaves beautifully escolloped. One of
the most winsome of native beauties. Seed is
best sown in seed boxes or pans and afterwards
transplanted. Pkt. lOc.

Argemone platyceras. "Prickly Poppy." Annual
1VL- to 3 feet high. Flowers 2 to 3 inches in
diameter, white, crepe-like petals and bright yel-
low center, much resembling the Matilija Poppy.
Leaves gray-green densely covered with pale yel-
low spines. Beautiful, striking, and curious.
Pkt. 5c.

Atriplex canescens. "Desert Salt Bush." Peren-
nial shrub 4 to 6 feet high, pretty silver grey
foliage. Flowers in immense panic-led spikes
with conspicuous rose colored flower bracts. Its
principal use, however, is for hedges; it needs
very little water, grows rapidly and can be
trimmed into any shape and will grow very
dense. Pkt. lOc.

Baeria gracilis. "Sunshine.'" Annual 4 to 8 inches '
high. A very graceful little plant with minute
foliage and golden yellow star-shaped flowers.
Would be very attractive for borders or for sow
iny in masses in small beds. Pkt. 5c.

Castillej a Martini. "Indian Paint Brush. " Peren-
nial 1 to 2 feet high. Flower bracts in dense
clusters, green at base turning off into a bright
scarlet. Appearance of having been dipped in
fresh paint, hence its common name. The color
is the most vivid scarlet; a most attractive
flower. Pkt. lOc.

Castilleja californica. "Indian Paint Brush."
Perennial 2 to 3 feet high. Flower bracts deep
scarlet; foliage and stems usually of a deep
bronze color. Pkt. lOc.

Ceanothus divaricatus. "California Lilac." Shrub
5 to 10 feet high. One of the most beautiful of
our native shrubs, with light green foliage and
large clusters of pale blue, fragrant flowers,
blooming early in spring. Soak the seed in hot
water a few hours before sowing. Pkt. 15c.

Clarkia elegans. Annual 3 to 6 feet high. An erect
growing, slender, branching plant. The flowers
are very attractive, the white and crimson
stamens and purple petals give a pronounced yet
dolicato effect. Pkt. ."><-.

THEODORE PAYNE

Collinsia bicolor. "Innocence." Annual 1 to 2
feet high. Of slender, graceful habit, with bright
green foliage. Flowers in clusters regularly dis-
posed, suggesting rows. Upper lip white or lilac,
lower violet or rose-purple. Pkt. 5c.

Coreopsis Douglasii (Leptosyne Douglasii). "Yel-
low Daisy." Annual 6 to 12 inches high. A ten-
der looking, graceful plant, with finely cut,
thread-like leaves and yellow flowers of a pecu-
liar brightness, more sunshiny than buttercups.
Pkt. 10c.

CASTILLEJA MARTINI
See Description on p. 5.

Coreopsis maritima (Leptosyne maritima). "Sea
Dahlia." Perennial 2 to 2% feet high. Large
flowers 3 to 4 inches in diameter, much resemb-
ling the Coreopsis lanceolata of our gardens but
of a light canary yellow color. Very fine for
cutting purposes. Pkt. lOc.

Coreopsis Stillmani (Leptosyne Stillmani). Annual
9 to 12 inches high. Similar to C. Douglasii
but more bushy in growth. Flowers bright yel-
low. From the Sierra Nevada mountains. Pkt.
15c.

Delphinium cardinale. "Scarlet Larkspur." Per-
ennial 3 to 6 feet. A tall, branching plant with
long spikes of bright scarlet flowers. Gorgeous
and majestic. Seed is best sown in seed boxes
or pans and afterwards transplanted. Pkt. lOc.

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS

Delphinium Parryi. "Blue Larkspur." Perennial
1 to 3 feet high. Flowers large, rich blue. A
plant of delicate poise and graceful habit; leaves
somewhat kidney-shaped. Pkt. lOc.

Dendro^eccn rigidum. "Tree Poppy." Perennial
shrub 4 to 8 feet high. Graceful willow-like
foliage and bright-yellow flowers 3 inches or more
in diameter, blooms nearly all the year round.
Seed is hard to germinate. Pkt. 15c.

DELPHINIUM CARDINALE
See Description on p. 6.

Dicentra chrysantha. " Cal if ornia Bleeding Heart". "
Perennial 3 to 4 feet high. Pretty deeply cut
glaucous foliage and rich yellow flowers. Pkt.
lOe.

Dodecatheon Cleveland!. ' ' Shooting Star. ' 1 Per-
ennial 1 to 114 feet high. Flowers in shape like
the Cyclamen, varying in color from delicate lilac
to pure white; the petals are ringed at the base
with pale yellow, and the beak of the flower is
violet-purple; very fragrant. One of the most
interesting of our native flowers. Pkt. lOc.

Emmenanthe penduliflora. "Whispering Bells."
Annual 1 to 2 feet high. A branching plant pro-
dnring a quantity of bell-shaped, pendulous

THEODORE PAYNE

flowers, cream-colored or yellow. The flowers
dry intact on the plants and with a slight breeze
cause a delicate rustling sound, hence the name
of "Whispering Bells." The flowers may be cut
and dried and will keep like an everlasting
flower. The seed is not easy to germinate. In
the wild state the plants appear in immense quan-
tities after a mountain fire and then almost en-
tirely disappear again; this would indicate that
either the intense heat or the lye in the ashes
acts on the seed causing it to sprout. Probably
the best way to start the seed would be to sow
broadcast in the open ground and burn a quan-
tity of brush over it. Pkt. 15c.

Encelia californica. Perennial shrub 2 to 6 feet
high; found growing on dry hillsides and blooms
profusely. Flowers somewhat resembling a sin-
gle sunflower, bright yellow with dark brown
centers. Pkt. lOc.

Erysimum asperam. "Wild Wallflower.'' Peren-
nial 2 to 4 feet high. Erect growing plant with
long spikes of large orange-colored flowers; very
handsome and striking. Pkt. lOc.

Erythraea venusta. "Pink Gentian." Annual 4
to 8 inches high, belonging to the Gentian family.
Very showy, clear pink, star-shaped flowers pro-
duced in great numbers; blooms in early summer
after most of the spring flowers are over. One
of the most charming of our wild flowers and no
plant is more deserving of cultivation. Would
be especially valuable for small beds and bor-
ders; requires very little moisture; might also
prove successful as a pot plant; the plants branch
from the ground, each branch terminating in a
head of flowers which bloom at the same time;
each plant thus forms a perfect little bouquet in
itself. Pkt. 15c.

Eschscholtzia californica. "California Poppy."
Annual 1 to 1% feet high. The most noted of
California wild flowers. Dream and despair of
artists. The emblem of our Golden State. The
Spanish-Americans gave this flower a pretty and
appropriate name, Copa de Oro or "Cup of
Gold." Flowers 2 to 3 inches in diameter,
orange-yellow with a beautiful glossy sheen.
Gray-green finely cut foliage. Pkt. 5c.

Thy satin vesture richer is than looms
Of Orient weave for rainment of her kings!
Not dyes of olden Tyre, not precious things

Regathered from the long-forgotten tombs

Of buried empires, not the iris plumes
That wave upon the tropics' myriad wings.
Not all proud Sheba's Queenly offerings

Could match the golden marvel of thy blooms.

For thou art nurtured from the treasure-veins
Of this fair land; thy golden rootlets sup
Her sands of gold— of gold thy petals spun.

Her golden glory, thou! On hills and plains,
Lifting, exultant, every kingly cup

Brimmed with the golden vintage of the sun.

— INA D. COOLBRITH

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS

Floerkia Douglasii. "Meadow Foam. " Annual 6
to 9 inches high. A low spreading plant with
finely cut leaves and cream colored flowers.
Grows in moist places. Pkt. 5c.

Fremontia calif ornica. ' ' California Slippery-Elm. ' '
Shrub 5 to 20 feet high. Found by General Fre-
mont when crossing the Sierras, and named in his
honor. It reaches its greatest perfection on the
desert side of our mountains, and flowers in early
summer, when the bushes are simply a mass of
golden yellow flowers, two to three inches across.
No more glorious sight can be imagined than a
mass of these shrubs in full bloom. The seed
is hard to germinate. Pkt. 15c.

LAYIA KLKGANS
See Description on p. 11.

Gilia abrotanifolia. Annual, 1% to 2% feet high.
Of slender habit with a few ascending branches
bearing large terminal heads of delicate pale
blue flowers, almost as large as the common
Scabiosa of our gardens, and indeed at first
sight reminding one of that flower. Quite desir-
able for cutting. Pkt. loc.

Gilia achilla^folia. "Blue Gilia." Annual 9 to
12 inches high. Small lavender-blue flowers in
dense heads, on graceful slender stems. Light
green feathery leaves. Pkt. 5c.

Gilia capitata. "Blue Gilia." Annual 9 to 12
inches high. Much resembling the preceding;
flowers pale blue to white. Pkt. 5c.

Gilia dianthoides. "Fringed Gilia or Ground
Pink." Annual 2 to 6 inches high. An exqui-
site little plant with minute leaves and Phlox-
like flowers, rose colored or lilac with yellowish
throat. Blending of colors and delicacy of plant
indescribably beautiful. Would make an attrac-
tive border. Pkt. 15c.

10

THEODORE PAYNK

G-ilia tricolor. "Bird's Kyes. " Annual 9 inches
to 1 foot high. Flowers pale lilac, yellow to-
ward the center with five purple spots. Charm-
ing combination of colors. Pkt. 5c.

G-odetia amoena. "Farewell to Spring." Annual
1 to 2 feet high. A plant of slender growth,
usually found on shady banks, and flowering in
great profusion. The flowers are lilac-crimson
or red-pink, often with a darker center. Pkt. lOc.

IvUPINUS AFFINIS
See Description on p. 11.

Godetia Eottae. "Farewell to Spring." Annual
2 to 3 feet high. A slender plant; flowers pale
rose or lilac with purple dotted lines and a rich
purple spot in the center. Pkt. TOc.

Godetia grandiflora. "Farewell to Spring." An-
nual 1 to 2 feet high. A graceful, slender-
stemmed plant. Flowers delicate pink marked
with rich crimson. Kemarkable for the abund-
ance of large, beautiful flowers, often 4 inches
across. Grows well in a shady place. Pkt. oc.

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS

11

Helianthus annuus. "Sunflower." Annual 5 to 8
feet high. Flowers 3 to 4 inches in diameter,
deep yellow with dark brown centers; very effec-
tive for decorations. Pkt. 5c.

Lathyrus splendens. "Pride of California." A
perennial climbing pea. Flowers very large, rich
deep crimson and produced in great clusters.
Truly a magnificent flower. Pkt. 15c.

Layia elegans. ' ' Tidy Tips. ' ' Annual 9 to 15
inches high. A yellow daisy edged with white
or cream color. Leaves narrow with gracefully
toothed margins. Pkt. lOc.

MENTZELIA LINDLEYI
See Description on p. 12.

Layia glandulosa. "White Daisy." Annual 9 to
15 inches high. By some of the most critical
this is considered the prettiest of all the Calif-
ornia wild flowers. Petals clear glistening white,
thin and crepe-like; bright yellow center. Leaves
grayish green. Grows in sandy soil. Pkt. lOc.

Linanthus densifLorus. "California Phlox." An-
nual 9 inches to 2 feet high. Flowers in crowded
terminal clusters, pink and purple with yellow
throat. Most effective for sowing thickly in
beds, forming a perfect mass of flowers. Pkt. lOc.

Lupinus affinis. ' ' Dwarf Blue Lupine. ' ' Annual
1 to 1% feet high. A very showy plant, with
rich blue and purple flowers. Very effective for
sowing in masses. Pkt, 5c.

Lupinus arboreus. ' ' Yellow Tree Lupine. ' ' Shrub-
by perennial 4 to 10 feet high. A most con-
spicuous and beautiful plant with pretty, slightly
silvery foliage and rich sulphur yellow, fragrant
flowers. It roots deeply and is especially valuable
for sowing on banks to hold the soil. Pkt. lOc.

THEODOKE PAYNE

Lupinus hirsutissimus. Annual 1% to 2l/> feet
high. Eather stout stems covered with stiff hairs.
Flowers large, deep reddish purple, very showy,
Pkt. lOc.

Malacothrix calif ornica. Annual 6 to 12 inches
high. Flowers large, resembling a Hawkweed.
cream and yellow beautifully blended. Pkt. lOc.

Meconopsis heterophylla. "Flaming Poppy." An-
nual 1 to 2 feet high. Flowers salmon-colored or
brick red, of exquisite beauty, the petals having
the delicate satin texture of the poppy. A slen-
der, fragile plant usually found in shady or
partially shady places. Pkt. IGc.

MIMULUS BREVIPES

Mentzelia Lindleyi. ' ' Blazing Star. ' ' Annual 2 to
4 feet high. Yellowish white glistening stems;
gray-green leaves; large flowers of pale but
strikingly vivid yellow. Pkt. 5c.

Mimulus brevipes. ' ' Yellow Monkey Flower. ' '
Annual 1 to 1% feet high. Bright green lanceo-
late leaves. Flowers large clear canary yellow.
Pkt. 15c.

Mimulus cardinalis. ' ' Scarlet Monkey Flower.
Perennial 1 to 3 feet high. Pale green leaves
with bright scarlet flowers with yellow throat.
Very effective contrast. Pkt. lOc.

Mimulus luteus. ' ' Yellow Monkey Flower. ' ' An-
nual 2 to 3 feet high. Handsome bright yellow
flowers and shiny green leaves. Pkt. lOc.

Nemophila aurita. Annual, steins 1 to 3 feet long
generally trailing over underbrush on shady
banks. Flowers purplish violet. Pkt. 5c.

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS 13

Nemophila insignia. ..' ' Baby-Blue-Eyes. ' ' Annual
4 to 8 inches high. A most delicate and charm
ing little plant of spreading habit. Flowers clear
azure blue. Pkt. 5c.

Nemophila maculata. Annual 4 to 8 inches high.
A beautiful little plant of spreading habit.
Flowers white with large deep purple bloth on
each petal. Pkt. 5c.

Oenothera californica. "White Evening Prim-
rose.'' Perennial 1 to 2 feet high. Generally
found growing in dry sandy places. The flowers
are very beautiful, 2 to 21/£> inches across, of
silken texture, white turning to rose-color and
fragrant. Pkt. lOc.

ORTHOCARPUS PURPURASCENS

Orthocarpas purpurascens. "Owl's Clover or Pink
Paint Brush." Annual 4 to 10 inches high.
Much branched and bearing large heads of small
floweis, color center of flower cream, shading to
rose, pink or purplish lavender. Pkt. 5c.

Pentstemon antirrhinoides. "Yellow Pentstemon."
Perennial shrub 3 to 4 feet high. Small narrow
light green foliage; flowers large, bright yellow.
Seed of this and the following five species would
probably do better sown in seed boxes or pans
and afterward transplanted. Pkt. lOc.

Pentstemon centranthifolius. "Scarlet Bugler."
Perennial 2 to 4 feet high. Glaucous foliage and
long spikes of rich vermilion flowers. Pkt. lOc.

Pentstemon cordifolius. "Scarlet Honeysuckle."
Perennial 6 to 8 feet high. A tall woody plant
usually growing among shrubs which it uses for
support. Kesembles a Fuchsia both in foliage
and flowers; color a bright orange scarlet. Pkt.
lOc.

THEODORE PAYNE

Pentstemcn heterophyllus. "Violet Beard Ton-
gue." Perennial I1/,) to 2 feet high. A bushy
plant with narrow pale green leaves and numer-
ous spikes of trumpet-shaped flowers, royal pur-
ple marked with pink. Pkt. 10c.

PENTSTEMON SPECTABIUS
See Description on p. 15.

Pentstemon labrosus. "Scarlet Pentstemon." Per-
ennial 1 to 2 feet high. A splendid species from
the pine belt of our mountains. The plants throw

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS

15

up many stems with rather narrow, dark green,
sometimes bronze colored, leaves, and spikes of
bright scarlet tubular flowers; exceedingly showy
and free flowering. Pkt. 15c.

Pentstemon spectabilis. "Blue Pentstemon."
Perennial 4 to 7 feet high. This is one of the
grandest and most stately of all our native
plants. Flowers are large and in great spikes
often 3 feet long; color is the richest combina-
tion of blue and royal purple. In every way a
majestic flower. Pkt. lOc.

Fhacelia grandiflora. Annual 1 to 3 feet high.
Large saucer-shaped flowers in color varying
from lavender to white, beautifully streaked and
veined with violet purple. Pkt. lOc.

PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUS

Phacelia Parryi. Annual 1 to l1/^ ft. high. Flowers
saucer-shaped, deep violet, generally with five
yellow spots. Pkt. lOc.

Phacelia Whitlavia. "Wild Canterbury Bell."
Annual 1 to l1/^ feet high. Large bell-shaped
flowers hanging in open airy clusters, color violet
purple. Stems reddish, leaves dark green slight-
ly crinkled. Pkt. 5c.

Platystemon californicus. "Cream Cups." An-
nual 6 to 10 inches high. Cream colored flowers
of the peculiar delicacy characteristic of the
poppy family. Narrow leaves, slender, hairy
stems and gracefully nodding buds. A charming
little plant. Pkt. oc.

Romneya Coulteri. "Matilija Poppy." Perennial
6 to 10 feet high. The Queen of California
flowers, truly a majestic plant. The plant throws
up numerous woody stems with handsome gray-

16

THEODORE PAYNE

green foliage, topped with large numbers ol
flowers. The blossoms are often (5 or 7 inches in
diameter, of a crepe-like texture, pure glistening
white with bright yellow centers. The seed is
hard to germinate; some people claim To have had
success by soaking the seed in weak Ive. PkT.
lOc.

VIOIvA PEDUNCULATA
See Description on p. 17.

Salvia carduacea. "Thistle Sage." Annual 1 to 2
feet high. An attractive plant; has thistle-like
woolly foliage and large, airy, fantastic heads of
blossoms of pale lavender. Pkt. 10c.

Silene laeiniata. "Indian Pink." Perennial; stems
1 to 3 feet long, with many widely spreading
branches, sometimes growing erect but more
often decumbent. Flowers bright scarlet with
edge of petals beautifully laciniated. Pkt. 10r.

Sisyrinchium bellum. ' ' Blue Eyed Grass. ' ' Peren-
nial 8 to 15 inches high. A charming little flower
belonging to the Iris family. Flowers bright blue
with yellow centers, light green grass-like foli-
age. Pkt. lOc.

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS 17

Solanum Wallace!. "Catalina Nightshade. " Shrub-
by perennial 4 to 6 feet high. A showy plant
with rather heavy woolly foliage and large deep
violet flowers. A native of Catalina Island. Pkt.
lOc.

Solanum Xanti. ' ' Violet Nightshade. ' ' Shrubby
perennial 2 to 5 feet high. Flowers deep .violet,
foliage light green. An attractive plant and
well suited for planting in groups or masses.
Pkt. lOc.

Trichostema lanatum. ' ' Romero " or " Woolly Blue-
curls. " Perennial shrub 4 to 6 feet high. Flow-
ers blue, in spikes often a foot long and the
whole inflorescence clothed with a dense violet
colored wool. The foliage is narrow, glossy
green above and whitish beneath. This is really
a most remarkable shrub, growing as it does on
dry ridges and flowering profusely in the middle
of summer. It is especially valuable for plant-
ing on dry banks and places which cannot be
watered. Pkt. lOc.

Viola pedunculata. "Yellow Violet." Annual 4
to 8 inches high. A most charming little plant.
Flowers yellow, the two upper petals beautifully
blotched with brown on the outside. Flower
stems long and erect; a proud little flower. Pkt.
15c.

Zauschneria calif ornica. "California Fuchsia."
Perennial 1 to l1^ feet high. Large, trumpet-
shaped flowers, color vivid scarlet. Leaves and
stems gray-green covered with soft wool. Very
effective for covering dry banks and flowering
freely in summer and fail. Pkt. 15c.

WILD FLOWER SEEDS IN MIXTURES

In ordering these it is only necessary to mention
the number of the mixture desired.

No. 1. General mixture of annual wild flower
seeds. This mixture is made up of those kinds
which will give a succession of flowers for a long
period and that will succeed, under any ordinary
conditions. Pkt. 5c, oz. 30c, Ib. $4.00.

No. 2. Mixture of annual wild flower seeds for
sowing in shady places. Pkt. lOc, oz. 35c, Ib.
$5.00.

No. 3. Mixture of annual wild flower seeds in or-
ange, yellow and cream shades. Pkt. lOc, oz. 45c,
Ib. $6.00.

No. 4. Mixture of annual wild flower seeds in blue,
purple and lavender shades. Pkt. lOc, oz. 35c,
Ib. $5.00.

Special Souvenir Collection of California
Wild Flower Seeds

Twelve species in separate packets, my selection,
mailed free to any part of the world on receipt
of 50c.

18 THEODORE PAYNE

CALIFORNIA NATIVE
BULBS

All species except Lilies can be supplied from
August to November; Lilies, September to Decem-
ber. Best results are obtained from early plant-
ing. Prices quoted include postage.

BLOOMERIA

Bloomeria aurea. ' ' Golden Stars. ' ' Plants grow
from 9 to 15 inches high, flowering in umbels of
from 15 to 50 golden-yellow star-shaped flow? s.
Thrives best in heavy but well drained soil.
Plant from 3 to 4 inches deep. Each 5c; per
doz. 40c.

BRODIAEA

Brodiaea capitata. ' ' Cluster Lily " or " Wild Hy-
acinth." Flowers in clusters, violet to light
blue, grows from 1 to 2 feet high. This and the
following species will grow in any good loam,
well drained; plant 3 inches deep. Each 5c; per
doz. 40c.

BRODIAEA COCCINEA

Brodiaea coccinea. "Floral Firecracker." A
striking and beautiful plant, with long slender
stems, headed with numerous tubular, bright
crimson flowers, which are tipped with pale green.
Very effective for planting in rock works, among
ferns. Each 5c; per doz. 40c.

Brodiaea grandiflora. "Harvest Brodiaea. " A late
flowering species. It grows from 6 inches to 1
foot high, with 5 to 10 large flowers on a stem,
of a rich violet-purple shade. Each 5c; per doz.
50c.

Brodiaea laxa. A magnificent species; grows from
1 to 2 feet high. Flowers very large, in umbels
of from 10 to 30, violet or purple. Each 5c;
per doz. 50c.

CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS

19

CALOCHORTUS

"Mariposa Lily" or "Butterfly Tulip." The
tlowers are of the most varied and showy colors
and resemble a tulip in form. Among the most
beautiful of our native plants. The following
species grow best in a rather heavy loam but must
li.-ive good drainage. Plant 4 to 5 inches deep.

Calochortas albus. "Fairy Bell" or "White Globe
Tulip." An extremely graceful plant. The
flowers are pendant like bells and globular in
form, of the most exquisite silky texture and
pearly white, from 10 to 20 on a plant. Grows 1
to 2 feet high. Each 5c; per doz. 40c.

CALOCHORTUS

Calochortus Cataiinae. Large handsome flowers,
white or lilac with a large maroon spot at the
base of each petal. Height 1 to 2 feet; blooms
several weeks before other Mariposas. Each 5c;
per doz. 50c.

Calochortus clavatas. Large flowers, sometimes 4
to 5 inches across, shaped like a broad based
bowl; deep rich yellow, the lower half covered
with stiff yellow hairs. Sturdy zigzag stems 2 to
3 feet high. Each lOc; per doz. $1.00.

Calochortus Plummerae. Large flowers, rich laven-
der purple, lined with long yellow, silky hairs.
Grows 2 to 3 feet high. Each 5c; per doz. 50c.

Calochortus pulchellus. "Yellow Globe Tulip." A
charming plant with slender stems and pendant,
globular flowers, lemon-yellow in color. The plants
grow about 1 foot high. Each ]0c; per doa. $1.00.

Calochortus splendens. Flowers pale lilac, 2 to 3
inches across, lower part of the petals covered
with long cobwebby hairs. Height 2 to 3 feet.
Each 5c; per doz. 50c.

20 THEODORE PAYNE

ERYTHRONIUM

Erythronium calif ornicum. "Dog's Tooth Violet."
A flower of rare beauty from the woodlands of
the northern part cf our state. The leaves are
large, dark green, richly mottled with brown,
and the flowers come 6 to 10, and sometimes
more, on a stem. They are large, creamy yellow,
often with a maroon band at the base. It thrives
best in a loose, gritty soil, enriched with plenty of
leaf mold, and in a shady location, and should be
planted about 2 inches deep. Each 5c; per doz.
50c.

FRITILLARIA

Fritillaria biflora. ' ' Chocolate Lily. ' ' An exquisite
little flower, occasionally found growing 011 grassy
slopes, generally on the north side of our hills.
The plants grow from 6 to 18 inches high, and
the flowers are bell shaped, and dark brown or
nearly black. Grows best in clay or heavy loam.
Plant the bulbs about 3 inches deep. Each lUc;
per doz. $1.00.

Fritillaria lanceolata. "Mission Bells." An odd
looking and interesting flower. It throws up a
stem from one to two feet high; with whorls of
shining green leaves, and with a string of pend-
ant, bell-shaped flowers, which are bronze colored,
beautifully mottled and checkered with dull
green and purple. This and the following species
both require a shady location, and a light, well
drained soil, enriched with plenty of leaf mold.
Plant the bulbs about two inches deep. Each lOc;
per doz. $1.00.

Fritillaria recurva. ' ' Scarlet Fritillary. ' ' A mag-
nificent species, and really the finest of the genus.
The plants grow from 10 to 18 inches high, and
produce from 3 to 12 flowers on a stem of a bril-
liant scarlet, spotted with orange in the throat.
Each lOc; per doz. $1.00.

LILIUM

Lilium Humboldtii. A stately species growing 4 to
5 feet high. Flowers 8 to 12 arranged in a
pyramidal raceme on a stout leafy stem; deep
orange spotted with maroon; often 5 to 6 inches
in diameter. Grows in partially shaded places
in rich loam mixed with decomposed leaves, re-
quires good drainage. Each 25c. Per doz. $2.50.

Lilium pardalinum. A magnificent species, and of
easy cultivation. Plants grow from 3 to 6 feet
high, with broad leaves and many large, showy
flowers; reddish orange, heavily dotted with ma-
roon, and tipped with red. Each 25e; per doz.
$2.50.

Lilium Parryi. A rare and exquisite species.
Flowers large, on slender leafy stems, trumpet-
shaped, lemon-yellow and very fragrant. Grows
2 to 4 feet high. Requires a moist situation;
light sandy soil mixed with plenty of leaf mold.
Each 30c; per doz. $3.00.

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