ets ne age nt I PED St Pe nS AA RA eC cs $34 q < aC €& As Jireseuted to The Hibrary of thie University of Coronta SS. », s-= 0. MASSEDC, OUBEN CHARLODIE ISLANDS k BRITISH COLUMBIA, Kes vrneOiMa PIO IDE Sass. .... >... COLUMBUS, ©HIO, SINFASOIS We eee eaes sre ee MACPHERSON, KANSAS. RSWIN ZB) REA Ree By ee Ris giclee tcc NEw YORK. IG AWN Nile = PIG Ee ae te se ics. ss ... PHILADELPHIA. TEENS} LRA pe ices | neck ee ee Yo SEMiCES Gar. EAYEMUAUNG dae Deer a eS te. MONTREAL. VAG Gi PTE DVALAU WAG TD) Sc ie. ate, ot ITHACA, N.Y. MONEAT. J; ALSTON =)... sibie fe. « 6, LONDON OND: WATEROING, WevktAMieTON 35 2.... 0.08. . HARTFORD, CONN. TRIESINUNGTPE acre Viernes oo SL ele ej LONDON, ONT. PS CIB VANUIS eS Ue ee ses Si ee eee TWICKENHAM, ENGLAND. SAGO DION SIR SY S09 See CAMBRIDGE, Mass. SPSISN UNOS = OH 51 6 Us ee . PHILADELPHIA, SHEA CU9) PS YNGN IO). oi (GS ee IrHACcA, N. Y. SIO SSOIN IMIR SaAGe Liste «ss i cias wei shapes New York. SIMIRENGAUI Ts Le Silt US 5 do ei nea Te WOLLASTON, MAss. TOWNSEND? CAH. TYLER. ..::....2,0as Cruces: New MEXiCcO, SVP DPLCARSS Ae WPS cone cock ae RARER erecta me cy = LONDON, ENGLAND. ANE TERS IC LENS SL O14 (tS netire nies WoostER, OHIO, VAG BENS eth) a eC ROR rec Iowa Criry, Iowa. AUGUSTUS RADCLIFFE GROTE, A, M. The aunnattl tatty ¥antomolagist. VOL. XXVIL. LONDON, JANUARY, 1895. Novi: TO ALR. KGROME: Lover of Night, in other lands than mine, Of night made mystical by many a sprite And bashfu! woodland fancies, made divine By the moon’s shining and the still starlight. ah I greet thee, my twin Spirit. Yell thy tale More often to thy listeners over seas : Tell how the shadows brood o’er hill and vale : Tell how the voices whisper on the breeze. Call forth thy spectres robed in gauzy light, Thy shadowy Indians and thy old-world fays. So shall the Old World and the New unite On Nature’s bye-paths and Night’s silent ways. And when one day the still procession moves To seek those realms that men call Heaven and Hell, We twain may steal an hour, if none reproves, To watch the Moths in meads of asphodel.* G. M. A. HEWETT, St. Winefride, Winchester, England. AUGUSTUS R. ADCL IF FE GROTE. We have great pleasure in presenting, with the first number of a new volume, the accompatiying likeness of our much esteemed friend and constant contributor, Mr. A. R. Grote, A. M., of Bremen, Germany. His name is familiar to every reader of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, to which he began to contribute in 1570, when it was in its second volume, and his work is known and valued by every student and collector of North American Lepidoptera. We wish him, and all our friends and correspondents, a very happy and prosperous New Ye oar. (Gaalease soe *Printed in the Entomologist’ s Record and Journal of Variation, M: arch 15th, 1894, page 76. bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE GENERA IN THE NOCTUID. BY A. R. GROTE, A. M.. BREMEN, GERMANY, It must be conceded that there is a want of correspondence between authors as to the generic names employed in the Moctu‘de ; perhaps a greater than in other families of Lepidoptera. ‘The main cause appears to lie in the two systems of classification. ‘The old system, under whicl» the species were assorted into genera from their superficial characters, found its highest expression in the works of Guence. ‘The new system, commenced by Stephens and Lederer, deals with the ultimate structure of certain parts, and is yet working out its results in the direction which all systems must pursue, that of perfectly reflecting in our books the order which obtains in nature itself. ‘lo this end the new system must extend itself, and is extending itself, witness the work of Packard and Dyar, to a study of the insect in allits stages. Here a narrow insistence on any one character must defeat the general aim. The want of correspondence above spoken of in the generic titles of the Woctuide is, then, greatly owing to the different systems which underlie the arrangement. Perhaps, in the one case, I ought to say the want of system. While, in the butterflies, there exists a more distinctly expressed correspondence between superficial characters, form, colour, pattern, size, and structural characters, this correspondence is greatly wanting in the moths, where series of very similar appearing species are found to be structurally very different. While, then, ancient and modern genera in the butterflies more nearly cover each other, and the generic types are more easily fixed upon as a whole, there is a wider divergence in the Woctuide. For instance, I will take the genus Xy/ena, Hubn., Tent. ‘The type and sole species (therefore the type) of this genus is X. “7¢hoxylea. This insect belongs to Stephens’s later genus Xyophasia, a genus recog- nized variously as either distinct from or as a group of /adena, or, again, as not being really separable by valid characters. ‘The genus Xy/ena, Hiibn., 1806, is then,a Hadenoid genus, proposed for a adenoid species. In 1816, Ochsenheimer, 4, 85, adopts the spelling and cites Hubner for the genus Xy/exa. But now comes the old system, and Ochsenheimer arranges 30 species under his genus Xy/eva, most of them strongly dissonant in structure. The modern system separates Ochsenheimer’s species of Ny/ena, and breaks up his genus under some 12 different genera, and places these in different groups up and down in the family. The type of Xy/ena (dithoxylea) is also included by Ochsenheimer, and, © THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, for his species, the genera Lithomia, Calocampa, Lithophane, Hadena, Xylena, Actinotia, Dipterygia, Chariclea, Calophasia, Asteroscopus, Scotochrosta, and yet others are now used. Unfortunately the generic title, becoming altered in spelling to Xy/:za, has been retained for the Lithophanoid forms, instead of the Hadenoid form, for which it was intended and to which it properly belongs. ‘This mistake I set right in 1876; I show that Xy/ophasia is a synonym of Xy/ena, and that for the genus Xydina of authors the name Zithophane (1816) must be used. Only through such researches can we arrive at the certain titles of our genera, and if we would one day reach a stable nomenclature, if our aim is fixity and not laxity, the result of such studies must be adopted and held fast. The type of each genus in the Moctuide should clearly be first posi- tively ascertained, and the structural features of such type fully exposed. By comparison we can then group around such types the other species. We can ascertain the reasonable limits of the genera, weigh the characters of outlying forms which obscure these limits, and, through comparative studies in all stages, arrive at that condition of affairs in classification where a certain generic term covers a certain total structure, and its use calls up a picture of the greatest number of ascertained facts. ‘The time will then come when the present personal, opinionative use of generic terms will give way to the scientific, impersonal one, when authority will no longer usurp the place of reason and research. Acting again unfavourably upon the attainment of such a state of affairs in literature and conversation, is the tendency to make a difference, where in reality none exists, between authors as to the validity of their names arising from the alleged want of technical completion of publica- tion. Iam here concerned only with generic titles. I hope to show elsewhere that specific titles owe their recognition to a correspondence between the object and. the ‘published description, and that, where the supposed “‘type” of the original describer contradicts at all essentially the original text, the ‘‘type” must be considered spurious, since the reason for the name is to be found in literature, not in a labelled specimen. In generic titles we are, however, solely concerned with literature, because generic titles deal almost exclusively with already described species as a matter of fact. New genera, based only on new species, depend also largely upon the proper identification of the species, but these instances do not affect the older generic titles and play no part in our present investigations, 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The difference made between authors, to which I above allude, as to generic names, is, that catalogue names, to which no description 1s appended, but under which the species are simply listed, are held to be of less value. But we can always know what is meant by them, and all that we seek in the present case is to find out an exact generic title for any one species as an impersonal literary fact. In an opposite view no criterion exists by which we can test the description. Almost all the older descriptions, so far as matter is concerned, are waste paper. ‘Take for instance the cases of Walker and Hiibner. Walker’s generic descrip- tions in the Voctuzde contain statements out of which we can usually make nothing. ‘Take, for instance, that of Fe/t/a. What is said would cover almost any of the entire JVoctuine. ‘The synonyms made by Walker would not and could not have been detected unless I, or some one else, had inspected his type. Had any one told him that his /¢/t/a ducens was a,specimen of Avrotis jaculifera, Guen. (=subgothica of Authors nec Haworth), Walker would have been obliged for the information, and simply thrown his label and MS. into the waste paper basket, where both rightly belonged. The real difference between Walker and Hubner is, that Walker says more and conveys little, while Hiibner says little and conveys more. Practically we can never be at a loss for the proper use of a single generic title published by Hubner, so that under the law of priority we can properly refer all of them, without, as is often the case with Walker, first having to identify a badly described species. Where both authors propose genera for known species, there is in reason no difference to be made between them. Walker’s diagnoses are generally no better than no description at all ; not unfrequently are they positively ‘misleading. Leaving these two authors, we come to Ochsenheimer, and here the fact presents itself that Ochsenheimer’s names which did not meet the adverse fate of Htbner’s in the Tentamen, are also no better founded, and are “catalogue names” without a description. What sort of a description could Ochsenheimer indeed have given? So that several names now in use and never doubted have the same original right as Hiibner’s Tentamen names. I think this fact ought to lend my argument conclusive weight, added to the fact, proven by me, that Ochsenheimer adopted Hiibner’s names, and considered the Tentamen as_ properly published and as of authority. Ochsenheimer apologizes, in fact, for not having adopted more of Hubner’s titles, because the sheet of the Tenta- St THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. men had not reached him earlier. Probably some of the opposition to Hubner had its origin in the prejudice against a multiplicity of genera. With all such matters of feeling science has nothing to do in its im- personal researches after an exact generic nomenclature. What we seek is a stable name for certain generic types of structure, not a choice between authorities. All who have studied the recent progress in the classification of our North American Noctuide, will recognize the fact that it is being carried out upon the lines laid down by me in the pages of this journal, lines which I took up from the writings of Stephens and Lederer on the Old World fauna and applied to the arrangement of the North American species, ‘The new catalogues adopt my groupings. Here and there my reference of a species to a wrong genus, from a neglect to examine the single type, having no microscope at hand, or from a fear of injuring it before its return, is corrected—some half a dozen—but, as a whole, the species remain as I arranged them, and what changes are made are the natural result of observations on larger material, and, in any event, more apparent than real. That our classification can be bettered is certain. No one lifetime is long enough, outside of other occupation, to finally study our nearly 2,000 species of owlet moths and make all the com- parisons necessary with the European and South American faune. It is hardly necessary for me to say this in the way of apology for the incom- pleteness of my work. All our work is fragmentary and incomplete. This fact is often forgotten, usually forgotten by uew or younger writers, as also that all undue and unjust criticism will tell in the end against the user of such a weapon. Underlying all our entomological activities is the indi- vidual person, the more or less educated character, the mental force which time and opportunity develops and cultivation softens and perfects. Even in our very nature itself we are dual ; our actions are not always in accordance with our, conceptions. I am reminded of this fact by an interesting statement of Prof. J. B. Smith’s, who testifies to this duality (Proc. National Mus., XIV. 207) where he acknowledges that he had redescribed my Mlamestra pur purissata, which has hairy eyes, as a species of Hadena, in which genus the eyes are naked. Prof. J. B. Smith says (1. c.): ‘How I came to refer the insect to Hadena, I can not now under- stand, since my memoranda show that I £zew the eyes were hairy.” Here is, then, the place for me to correct a former citation (with regard to WVoctuid genera) of mine ia the Buffalo Check List, 1876. Hubner is 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the first to restrict the use of the name Gortyna to the specis mécacea. His action makes it obligatory upon us to keep this type for Gortyna, and Guenée’s name //ydracia, proposed for the same identical type, must, as I have always insisted, fall. But, in my Buffalo Check List, I give the Tentamen, instead of the Verzeichniss,as authority. ‘The fact is not in any way changed by my mistake in the citation. ‘The citation is, thus, properly: “ Gortyna, Hubn., Verzeichniss, 1816, 232, mcacea, only species and therefore type.” But Ochsenheimer’s work has, although of the same dating (1816), priority; since I understand the Verzeichniss was not published completely in 1816, and Hubner probably took the name from Ochsenheimer, who does not cite Hubner. So we must call the genus Gortyna, Ochs., 1816, with the type mcacea, as restricted by Hubner. The rest of my citation is correct ; but again, at the close, under Ochria, I have fallen into the mistake of saying that this name is proposed for favago, alone, in the Verzeichniss. ‘This error probably arose because favago is mentioned by itself at the top of Hiibner’s page 234, and I overlooked the fact that, on page 233, he has two more. Again, this mistake does not alter my statement that we must use Ochréa for the type favago. Hubner’s first species is a Nanthia ; Guenée has taken out the second as the type of his genus Dicyc/a , there remains for Ochria, then, favago ALONE. We must reverse (as I have done) the terms pro- posed by Lederer for these genera. While it is proverbially human to err, it is a wise dispensation of Providence that out of all our errors there comes light—if not for us, then for those who come after us. LECANIUMSELE CHE RTE ACKE. In the September (1893) number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 221, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell described under the above name a Lecanium found at Ottawa upon an ornamental cedar on the Experi- mental Farm. Only a few specimens were found at that time upon three or four bushes of a shrub which we have under the name of 7huja Svbir- ica, About the middle of last June, when at Stittsville, Ont., 15 miles from here, I found a few more specimens of this species upon the native cedar ( Zhuja occidentalis). The shrubs upon which the first specimens were found were originally imported from France six years previously, and there was, of course, the possibility that the scale insect, although of an undescribed species, might have been imported with it and overlooked. As it has now been found, however, and in larger numbers, somé miles from here, upon our native “ White cedar,” there is no longer any doubt that it is indigenous. J. FLETCHER, Ottawa. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PERINEURA. BY ALEX. Ds MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N.Y. The Abbe Provancher described two species of Syzairema from North America, one from the Atlantic region and one from the Pacific region; a second species, from the Pacific region, is described below. The genus Syzairema is considered as a synonym of Perineura, by Kirby. 1. The face, thorax, and legs marked with white... .. americana, Prov. Wshestaceithorax,-and. legs black.cteevinescase So aeics evades (See Insect “Life; 1V., 26.) Erotylus Boisduvatii, Chev.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. This is a peculiar beetle, wholly black except the elytra, which are pale yellowish-white, with scattered, very small, shot-like black dots and a little black on outer edge in middle of each elytron. Dermestes marmoratus, Say.—Chaves, N. M. Aug. 6th, 1892; one. Attagenus Hornii, Jayne.—Las Cruces, N. M.; one beaten from mesquite (P. juliflora), May 12th, 1891. On mesa. Trogoderma tarsale, Melsh.—Las Cruces, N. M. Found May gth, in spring mattress of a-bed, in some numbers. It was a hair mattress, and the beetles doubtless bred in it. Anthrenus varius, ¥F.—Las Cruces, N. M. One beaten from flowers of mesquite (P. juliflora), May toth, 1891. On mesa. Hololepta populnea, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., Nov. 14th, 1892. Found under bark of cottonwood log, in wet black inner layers of decaying bark, numbers of adults of this flattened histerid. They were infested with mites. Pup of this species were found under cottonwood bark, November 16th and 17th, 1892, in Alameda and Bosque vedado. They were enclosed each in a little cell in the inner layers of bark, the cell opening against the sap-wood. The cell is formed of pieces of the inner bark, and is placed between the inmost layers of bark and the sap-wood, being attached to the 4v THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. former. The pupa is wide, flattened, tapering rather shortly behind, and is slightly hairy anteriorly, with a pair of short anal styles posteriorly. It was bred to the imago state. flister Ulket, Horn.—Zuni, N. M., July 29th, 1892. A black and red_histerid. Paromalus estriatus, Lec.—\Las Cruces, N. M., Nov. 14th, 1892. Found under bark of cottonwood, in the wet black inner layers. Saprinus discoidalis, Lec.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th, 1892. A greenish-black histerid. Carpophilus hemipterus, Linn.—Las Cruces, N. M., April, 1892. Found in ensilage by Samuel Steel, in company with some staphylinids. The ensilage was stored the previous summer, and kept tight all winter, so that the beetles had no access except from the adjoining earth. It was covered several feet deep with earth. Carpophilus pallipennts, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 18th, 1892. Numerous specimens found in yellow flowers of an Opuntia, sp., on Tortuga Mt. A dark, reddish-brown species, with elytra yellowish, except at inner basis. Hesperobenus, 0. sp.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. M. Eating newly-forming flowers of Dasylirion Wheeleri. (See Insect Life, V., 38, where it was referred to RAizophagus.) Sandalus porosus, Lec.—Zuni, N. M., July 31st, 1892; one. Adelocera rorulenta, Lec.— Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 4th, 1892; one. A most beautiful brown, bronze-yellow-dusted species.* Chalcolepidius Webbii, Lec,—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); two. Alaus lusciosus, Hope.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 26th, 1892; one. Greatly resembles ocu/atus. Melanotus, sp.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. Gyascutus planicosta, Lec.—Grand Canon, Arizona, Hance trail. 3,000-4,000 feet below rim. July roth, 1892; one. Also common at Las Cruces, N. M., on larrea and mesquite. (See Insect Life, V., 38.)* Gyascutus carolinensis, Horn.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 3,00c—4,000 feet below rim. July 11th, 1892. A bronzed species, but smaller than p/anicosta.* ae . {HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'. 43 Psiloptera Webbii, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., August igth, 1892. Found six of this large purplish-blue metallic buprestid, with brassy yellow spots, on Salix /ongifolia in the Alameda. It seemed to be eating the leaves. On August 21st many more were found on the same Sa/zx in other localities along the Aceguia madre. One was found also Nov. 14th, 1892, on same Sa/?x in Alameda. ‘The beetle is common, but I have never found it on anything else except this Saézx. Grant County, N. M. «W. J. H.); one.* Buprestis Nuttall, Kirby.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. This beautiful species is blackish, with a shght greenish lustre, elytra each with three yellow marks in a longitudinal line near centre, the two posterior ones on the right elytron coalescing by a narrow neck. Buprestis maculiventris, Say.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. A blackish species. Melanophila miranda, Lec.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); two. one. Much resembles 73-punctatus. Brick-reddish in colour. a2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. CORRESPONDENCE. ACRIDIUM AMERICANUM. In October last, Mr. G. C. Anderson, upon one of his visits to me, enquired what was the largest grasshopper of the country, as he had taken one which had attracted his attention on account of its size. I showed him what we had in the collection of our native species, when he remarked that it was larger and prettier than anything that was there. He said be would bring it up some time. When he did, I was surprised at the strik- ing difference in its appearance from anything I had ever observed. He said I might retain it, which I was very willing to do, and as I could not determine it, I spread its wings and waited till the tirre of our annual meeting, when Mr. Fletcher at once pronounced it to be Acridium Amert- canum, and the first reported to be taken in Canada. In his Eighth Missouri Report, Prof. C. V. Riley (page 104) thus speaks of it: ‘‘It is our largest and most elegant locust, the prevailing colour being dark brown, with a broad pale yellowish line along the middle of the back when the wings are closed. ‘The rest of the body is marked with deep brown, verging to black, with pale reddish-brown, and with whitish or greenish-yellow ; the front wings being prettily mottled, the hind wings very faintly greenish with brown veins, and the hind shanks generally coral-red with black-tipped white spines. The species is quite variable in colour, size and marks, and several of the varieties have been described as distinct species.” In another place the Professor remarks: ‘‘It has a wide range, hibernates in the winged condition, and differs not only in size and habits from the Rocky Mountain locust, but entomologically is as widely separated from it as a sheep from a cow.” I would describe the front wings of the specimen before me as being light brown, semi- transparent and mottled with darker brown; the hind wings as_ hyaline, extremely delicate in texture and beautifully reticulated with dark brown. It measures three and a-half inches in expanse of wing. This species has been reported as causing considerable damage at times on the south side of Lake Erie, from whence probably it has come to us. J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. *.* The Editor regrets to state that two of his letters to the printers of this Magazine have recently gone astray in the mails. They contained a paper by Mr. McGillivray on “‘ New Hampshire Ten- thredinidz,” the second part of Mr. C, F. Baker's ‘‘ Studies in Siphonaptera,”’ and a review by Prof. Webster of the last volume of Dr. McCook’s **Spiders and their Spinning Work.” ‘These articles were intended to have been published in the current number, Mailed February 4th. —™ | t } - The Canauliay mantomolagtst VOL XXVEL LONDON, ‘MARCH, “1895. No. BH: DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME. NEW SPECIES OF EPIPASCHIIN-E AND PHYCITIDé. BY REV. GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y, EPIPASCHIIN2. Oneida Jlunifereila, vn. sp.—Vongue blackish with some light gray scales; labial palpi and face light gray; antenne biackish gray ; antennal projection light gray at base, becoming blackish gray towards summit; thorax gray, patagia lighter, becoming nearly white posteriorly ; abdomen gray with black scales intermixed, somewhat washed with fuscous, and often stained with yellowish. Fore wings light gray at base to raised scale ridge immediately before the first cross-line ; this line is white, rounded from costa to median vein, and thence to inner margin, edged on both sides’ with black and preceded by a scale ridge which is reddish brown in colour; middle field light gray, glistening, slightly powdered with blackish scales, this colour reaching to outer margin posterior to vein 5; near middle of fieid and between vein rt and median vein a raised scale tuft, blackish. Outer line distinct at costa, whitish, becoming lost in the ground colour behind vein 5; this line is with a deep inward sinus from costa to about vein 5, forming a sort of lunule, which is edged on both sides with black ; the inner edging is broader posteriorly, and there somewhat washed with reddish ; the outer, broad, nearly filling the apical space, washed with reddish posteriorly; a marginal line of black dots. Hind wings glistening translucent whitish fuscous, with a faint yellowish stain. Beneath fore wings fuscous to outer line, that being fainter than above ; apical space reddish. Hind wings slightly more fuscous and duller than above. Expands 28 mm. Colorado. Six examples from Mr. David Bruce. Benta Slossonii, n. sp.—Expands 25 mm. Palpi and face dark fuscous ; antennz blackish fuscous ; thorax blackish, mixed somewhat with gray scales; abdomen dark fuscous, almost black, each seg- a4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ment edged with lighter colour posteriorly. Fore wings, basal line not very distinct, dark gray, sinuous, strongly angulated at vein 1,; basal field blackish, much mixed with gray scales, especially along costa, and slightly marked with reddish at middle at median vein ; middle field blackish gray, with three narrow black lines: the first edging basal line, the third limiting the field outwardly, this forming a sinus rounding inwardly within discal spot to base of veins 3 and 4, then another less pronounced sinus to inner margin, forming a prominent tooth at veins 3 and 4; the second line is slightly within and sub-parallel with the third; on the space between the first and second black lines are two oval black rings, one on cell and the other just below it, joined at each end with first and second cross-lines ; outside the basal field the colour is light gray, more or less mixed with black, the outer line whitish, indistinct, showing with the darker edgings almost straight across the wing ; outer field blackish, with gray intermixed, giving indications, espe- cially apically, of a scalloped submarginal line, as well as one narrowly at margin. Hind wings, even fuscous blackish. Beneath all wings even dark fuscous, with a gray spot on fore wings along costa at beginning of outer line. South Florida. One specimen, a 2, from Mrs. Slosson, taken in early spring. The species is provisionally placed in the genus Benta. PHYCITID. Pyla metalicella, n. sp.—Expands 32 mm. Palpi ascending, long, black ; head, thorax, abdomen and wings dull smoky black, without any indications of lines. The palpi on the outside, the face, the thorax and fore wings strongly iridescent with bronze green, this being specially marked on the patagia and base of wings ; abdo- men somewhat bronzy; hind wings without iridescence. Beneath all parts blackish; the thorax, legs, fore wings and anterior margin of hind wings being strongly iridescent ; on the body this has a coppery tint. Colorado. One ¢, from Mr. Bruce. A most beautiful insect, with wings narrower and longer than /. sezntid/ans, Grt., and with a much more decided iridescence. Pyla bistriatella, n. sp.— Expands 25 mm. _—_ Head, thorax and fore wings deep black, the fore wings with two broad white stripes, the inner straight, the outer slightly wavy and parallel with outer margin ; hind Ou or THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. wings and abdomen dull black. The head, thorax and fore wings are strongly iridescent with dark bluish-green, the abdomen less so. Beneath as above, but less iridescent. Yosemite Valley, Cala. One #. Differs somewhat in structure from the typical Py/a. The labial palpi are nearly horizontal, second member long, heavily scaled ; end member very small, scarcely visible ; maxillary palpi small, not scale or pencil tufted. Pyla incorruscella, n. sp.—Expands 21 mm. Palpi and face deep black; thorax deep black with a few dark gray scales; fore wings dull black, intermixed with some dark fuscous scales ; two cross-lines of stained white, the inner oblique, rounded, diffuse, the outer angulated in at vein 6, rounded outwardly from there to vein 5, then slightly wavy to inner margin. Beneath dark fuscous, two lighter fuscous spots along costa, one before discal space and the other at end of second cross-line. No iridescence on any part of the insect. Colorado. One ¢, from Mr. Bruce, Smaller than P. enee/a, without iridescence, maxillary palpi small, but scale tufted. Pyla eneela, n. sp. —Expands 25 mm. Labial palpi grayish fuscous below, blackish, with blue-green iridescence above; face black, bluish iridescent ; thorax black, with coppery-bronze iridescence. Wings blackish in ¢, the fore wings with scattered iridescent sales on middle of wings, scarcely any showing along edges. © fore wings blackish, almost completely greenish-yellow iridescent; hind wings black, with reddish- brown tint in some lights. Beneath blackish, slightly iridescent in ¢ along anterior margin of hind wings ; all parts completely iridescent in ?. Colorado. Oneg, two 2? 9, from Mr. Bruce. The labial palpi are ascending, long, end member long, maxiliary palpi small, with two or three long scales at end. Abdomen of ¢ with lateral scale tufts on last segment, and a row of orange-yellow hair tufts below. 9 with antenne bent above base, and a sligh tuft in sinus, almost as distinct as that of the 2; maxillary palpi also quite as prominent as in ¢. The sex is beyond question, as the ovipositor is strongly protruded. Dioryctria Brucei, n. sp.—Expands 24 to 28 mm. Palpi gray, black at tips ; head above whitish ; thorax gray, more whitish on dorsal parts ; abdomen alternating whitish and gray on each segment, very slightly washed with ochre. Fore wings whitish, more or less overlaid with blackish scales, giving a clear gray appearance ; cross-lines whitish, very irregular, not sharply outlined. The basal with a long outward 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, tooth below cell, a small inward one just below this ; also a blackish spot outwardly at costa, on cell, and towards inner margin, giving the relics of an outer marginal black line. Outer line with large, deep teeth inwardly, at cell, and below it, these coalescing with the inner line in a whitish streak ; between these, three even teeth outwardly ; submarginal line whitish, scalloped, or showing only in whitish dashes at end of veins ; margin with dark lunules between the veins. Hind wings ochre-fuscous, darkest at margins; beneath nearly colour of hind wings, the lines of fore wings faintly showing. There is some variation in the specimens ; in some the cross-lines are less diffuse, the angles more even, and a double black discal spot apparent on fore wings. Colorado. Four ¢ ¢,5 9 92, from Mr. Bruce. Epischnia incanella, n. sp.—Expands 30 mm. _Palpi rough scaled, drooping, light gray, with dark scales intermixed ; tongue scarcely longer then palpi; head gray; thorax gray; abdomen light fuscous gray, washed with ochre. Fore wings grav, much overlaid with dark gray or blackish, more lightly along the costa, which thus shows in a light gray streak reaching to outer line ; inner line indistinct, broad costally, narrow and dentate towards inner margin, faintly marked with two or three black spots outwardly ; a black spot at centre of outer margin of cell; outer line very far towards outer margin, quite indistinct, but an outward rounding at middle, and a tooth inward near inner margin ; a tendency at margin to have the veins marked with black dashes. Hind wings light, with a fuscous shading. Underneath light fuscous, the fore wings some- what the darker, except on marginal space. Colorado. Two 2 92, from Mr. Bruce. Volusia pallidipennelia, n. sp.—Expands 20 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen light gray, with a slight fuscous washing, the tegule lighter, almost white, andthe abdomen more stained with fuscous. Fore wings whitish, sprinkled with black scales, giving a light gray appearance ; cross- lines indistinct, the basal consisting of a broad, dull reddish band, not reaching costa, edged each side with whitish, and this with broken blackish, not very distinct ; discal spot black, distinct ; outer line whitish, far out, sub-parallel with margin, slightly bent at middle. Hind wings light fuscous, darker at margins. Beneath light fuscous, the fore wings darker, especially towards apex, where the outer cross-line shows. Colorado. One 4, from Mr. Bruce, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5) Pinipestis umbripennis, n. sp.—Expands 24 mm. Palpi black, a little grayish at tips; head and thorax black ; abdomen blackish, a little lighter on each segment posteriorly. Fore wings mouse-black, slightly grayish across basal portion within scale ridge; also a triangular, dark grayish space along costa on middle field, enclosing double black discal spots, and a faint grayish marginal shade. Basal line not apparent ; scale ridge strong, jet black ; outer line narrow, dark gray, bent inward at end of cell, then with three even teeth outward, then angled inward before reaching inner margin. Hind wings deep black, with a blackish-brown reflection. Beneath almost uniform dull somewhat glistening black. Colorado. One ¢, from Mr. Bruce. Salebria delectella, n. sp.—Expands 33 mm. Palpi thin, lightly scaled, gray ; thorax blackish-gray, with a subdorsal tuft of orange-yellow scales on each side; abdomen blackish-gray, and gray-ringed on each segment. Fore wings, general colour blackish-gray ; basal space, except along costa, dull reddish ; middle field, first half of ground colour, the outer half much lighter gray ; outer field, except towards costa, dull reddish ; discal spot a large white lunule, concave side outward ; basal line light gray, well out, waved, dentate ; outer line gray, somewhat indeterminate on borders, with a more prominent outward dentation at middle; marginal line black. Hind wings light translucent fuscous, with black marginal line, except along inner margin. Beneath, fore wings dark fuscous, the outer line faintly showing ; hind wings much as above. Colorado. Two ? 9, from Mr. Bruce. In general appearance somewhat resembling Salebria tarmitalis, which is now put by Mr. Ragonot under the genus JZyrea/a. This may also belong there, as the cell of the hind wings is very short. But as I have no male, the position of the insect is in doubt. The thoracic tufts are somewhat peculiar. - Salebria georgiella, n. sp.—Expands 17 mm. Palpi fuscous gray, blackish in front, strong, heavily scaled, reaching above head ; maxillary palpi strongly pencil tufted, bright yellow ; antennz brownish fuscous, the scale tuft in bend very heavy ; head fuscous gray ; thorax gray or bluish- gray ; abdomen ringed with ochre-fuscous and yellow ochre, somewhat tufted at end. Fore wings gray, washed with fuscous along costa, becoming clear gray posteriorly ; a dull brick-red central dash at base, and a large dull brick-red spot within basal line posterior to centre and reaching 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. thence to inner margin, somewhat quadrate in form ; lines light gray, not well defined, the basal with an outer angle at middle and towards inner margin ; outer line rounded from costa to centre, then angled outwardly, then nearly straight to inner margin, all faintly serrate; discal spot distinct ; outer line edged both sides with darker fuscous. Hind wings ochre- fuscous, dark iridescent at apex. Beneath even dark fuscous, hind wings somewhat lighter than fore wings. Charlotte Harbor, Florida. One ¢, from Mrs. Slosson. CANADIAN COCCID. III. A LECANIUM, PERHAPS IDENTICAL WITH L. RUGOSUM, SIGNORET. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. MEX. AGR. EXP, STA. I have just received from Mr. James Fletcher a small bottle of scales found on plum at Queenston, Ontario. He writes con- cerning them: ‘Dead scales picked from a plum tree in the Niagara district, where it was very abundant on plums and much rarer on peach trees growing amongst the plums.” Directly I saw these scales, they struck me as something unusual, and yet I rather expected they would prove to be some form of L. persice. Unfortunately they were full of the mycelium of a fungus (doubtless Cordyceps), as well as in some cases containing a Chalcidid parasite, so that their specific characters were very hard to make out. The fungus, which must be a very important check to their increase, was not noticed on examination with a lens; but on boiling the scales in liquor potassee, they stained the liquor brown, and a microscopic examination showed the fungus quite plainly. Of course, from mere mycelium no determination could be made. I saw in one case what looked like germinating spores, but perhaps in this I was mistaken. Assuming that the scales were not fersice, I went through the descriptions to see what they would fit better. Lecanium rugosum, Sign., seemed the very thing, though comparison in detail revealed some differences. The following information on Lec. rugosum was translated from Signoret by my wife. I transcribe it for the use of those who have not the original ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, a9 L. RUGOSUM, Signoret, 1873. “Among the species which are found on the peach-tree, there is one which is neither Z. persice nor L. rotundum, and which approaches more nearly to the latter than to the former. “TZ. rugosum is round, rather elevated and very rugose on the sides, where there is a strong punctuation more or less confluent, and between the points smooth spaces forming a kind of hills, It is of a dark brown; the antenne are of eight joints, of which the third, ‘mutique,’ is ‘longer by itself than the five following ones, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh of equal length. By the antenne alone, as well as by the shape, it is easy to distinguish Z. rugosum from the two other species; in ferséce the fourth joint is longer by itself than the three following, and in rugosum it is equal to the others; in votundum the fourth joint is equal to the third, and perhaps even longer; further, there are only seven joints to the antennz instead of eight. “We found this species on peach-trees in our garden, at Clamart. It is not very abundant. Its length is from 4 to 5 mm. by about the same width; height from 2 to 3 mm. ‘“One other peculiarity we ought to point out in this species is the form of the posterior tarsi, which are as if flattened, wider than the tibiz and a third shorter. “The anterior tarsi are ordinary, but have a furrow on the internal face. The claws are very wide at the base; the digitules of the claws are long and unequal in size, the one forming a more extended ‘cornet’ than the other. The digitules of the tarsi are long and straight, inserted at a distance from one another. The tibia, in general, present four to five hairs at the summit, one longer than the rest; the femora have two at the summit, the trochanters one very long one, the coxe two or three. ‘“We have never met with the males, but have seen several white shells whence they had emerged. ‘This shell is smooth in this species and rugose in roetundum.” So far Signoret. Now to return to the Queenston scales. We have here a scale differing from ordinary /ersice in being almost round in outline, very dark, and especially very rugose. Surely, then, it is Signoret’s xugosum? But, if at first this seems an inevi- table conclusion, it is rather contradicted by the microscopic char- 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. acters. | found, even after examining many specimens, but one antenna: but this was clearly seen to be = 7-jointed, not 8-jointed, as in rugosum and persice. 1 found no legs in position, but several fairly well-preserved ones broken from the bodies. These showed the long digitules, but I did not get a sight of the peculiar posterior tarsus. The following description gives the details I found: LECANIUM FROM QUEENSTON. Q. Antenna 7-jointed, 3 longest, 4 a little shorter, 7 a little shorter than 4, 2 shorter than 4, 5 and 6 shortest and about equal. Formula approximately 34721 (56). Legs well-developed ; trochanter and coxa each with a hair ; femur rather slender, not very much longer than tibia; tibia about one-third longer than tarsus. ‘Tarsal digitules slender, very long. Digitules of claw also long, extending considerably beyond tip of claw, with quite large knobs. Claw nearly straight. Derm with Jarge gland-pits, often double. Anal plates with their caudolateral sides longer than the cephalolateral. Of species with 7-jointed antenne, there is Z. rotundum ; but this is out of the question, from its globose, nearly smooth scale. But how about L. juglandis (juglandifex ), with which I have identified a species sent by Dr. Lintner from Rochester, N. Y., on plum? The antenna of this Rochester insect is just like the antenna of the Queenston species ; in fact, the microscopical characters of these forms are so much alike as to strongly suggest their identity. Yet the scales seem decidedly different. Some one may here say, How about the Lecanium cerasifex, Fitch., 18562 This was said to be hemispherical, nearly the size and shape of a half-pea, black, more or less mottled with pale dull yellow dots. I confess I do not know what this is, and look with some doubt on identifications of it from such a description as Fitch gave. Until some one has given us a better description from the type, I think cerasifex must be put in the doubtful list. There is no good reason for supposing it identical with the Queenston scale. The solution of the question here raised must probably be left in the hands of one who can study the insect, in all its stages, on the spot. The following questions might be addressed to a suitable enquirer :— (1.) Z. rugosum, hitherto known from France, closely resembles our insect in outward form. Can the diversities in microscopic details be reconciled ? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 (2.) Z. juglandis, from Rochester, N. Y., closely resembles our insect in microscopic characters. Can the diversities in outward form be reconciled ? (3.) Is it possibe that the parasitic fungus would so alter the scale in its growth as to make it seem like a different species ? (4.) Can the male scale be found, and if so, is it smooth or rough ? (5.) Can the Queenston people tell anything of the origin and spread of the scale? [ Mr. Cockerell has more recently examined other material from Queenston, Ont., and also some from Geneva, N. Y., and is strongly of opin- ion that the species in both cases is the same as the Rochester (N. Y.) L. juglandis. The scales are shiny, red-brown; in both cases accom- panied by hibernating young.—J. F. | SOME NEW SPECIES OF ROBINSONIA. BY W. SCHAUS, TWICKENHAM, ENGLAND. Robinsonia Grotei, sp. nov.—Head white, posteriorly shaded with yellow. Collar white, with a central brown spot. Thorax brown, with a central white line; patagia white, laterally edged with brown. Abdomen dorsally brownish-yellow, with a subdorsal row of small white spots, and a lateral row of smail black spots ; underneath whitish. Primaries above white, with the margins broadly brown, except at the apex, where the white extends to the fringe; an oblique brown band, from the costal margin at a third from the base to the inner angle, separates the white into two large spaces. Secondaries white. Primaries underneath white, showing indistinctly the markings of the upper surface. Ex., 45-47 mm. Hab.—Rio Janeiro, Trinidad; Jalapa, Mexico. This species is very closely allied to Robinsonia formu/a, Grote, but differs in the straight brown margins which are sinuate in 2, Sormula. Robinsonia perfecta, Hy. Edw., is a synonym of Sal/ea ochro- sterna, Feld., and TZuruptiana obligua, Walk., the last being the oldest name, and generically quite distinct from Rodinsonia, which is most closely allied to Ormetica, Clem. The genus Ormetica is congeneric with Fzplesia, Feld., and will have priority over the latter. Ormetica sphingiformis, Clem., has been redescribed by Mr. 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Druce as Automolis inutata, which is placed by Kirby as a synonym of Chelonia teniata, Guér. I have not read Guérin’s description, but presuming Mr. Kirby is right, the species will stand as Ormetica teniata, Guer. Robinsonia fogra, sp. nov.-—Head yellowish. Collar white. Thorax white, with some gray marks; patagia finely edged with gray. Abdomen above brownish yellow; some clusters of brown hairs to- wards the base ; a subdorsal row of white spots and a lateral row of black spots; underneath white. Primaries above white, the veins gray, the margins clouded with gray, and a terminal row of gray streaks between the veins; an indistinct and irregular outer gray line. Secondaries above whitish, clouded with gray along the margin; the fringe dark gray. Underneath, the wings are similar, but with less gray, and the white ground colour is slightly iridescent. Ex., 44 mm. Hab.—Aroa, Venezuela. Robinsonia Lefaivrei, sp. nov..—Head brown, minutely spotted with white. Collar brown, with four white spots. Thorax brownish; patagia white, edged with brown. Abdomen above brown, with a subdorsal orange line; underneath white. Primaries above white ; the costal margin broadly brownish yellow; the cell filled in with brown scales; the outer and inner margins broadly brown, the latter with a white streak about its centre; veins 2, 3, 4, 6 and z brown, dividing the white portion into a series of spots, the largest being between the median and submedian veins, and beyond the cell between veins 4 and 6; the two apical spots the smallest and oval in shape. Secondaries above white, with a long brown streak from the base to the anal angle, and a shorter streak below vein 2, from the cell to the outer margin; the costal margin narrowly shaded with brown; underneath the same, with the markings less distinct. Ex., 44 mm. Hab.—Rio Janeiro. I am indebted for this species to Monsieur Paul Lefaivre, Chargé d’Affaires for France at Rio Janeiro. I have. also seen a specimen in the collection of Mr. Neumoegen, of New York. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.--IL. BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. Family Pudicide, Tschb. 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 62. Table of Genera.* A. Eyes well developed ; antenne with circular incisions or cleft only on one side ; head and thorax usually stout and compact ; head rarely angulated in front ; lower edge of head and pronotum behind some- times with combs, abdominal segments and discs of cheeks Wit Ute eee ert coe Hos eA A. a te «ca eerep tat ahs sored GAL COX. AA. Eyes wanting, or very rudimentary ; antenne with circular incisions. B. Eyes entirely wanting ; head and thorax stout and compact ; head angulated in front, truncate; discs of cheeks, pronotum, and several abdominal segments with combs of numerous spines, the whole body heavily bristled. .................Mystrichopsylla. J ee Eee * The genus Stephanocirycus, Skuse (Records of Austral. Mus., IT., 5, Sydney, Sepi., 1890), with its single species, Dasyurz, Skuse, parasitic on Dasvurus maculatus, Kerr:, I do not include in this table. As characterized, it possesses a most extraordinary structure. Should further study verify all points of the description, this genus will form a very interesting addition to the family. It, however, seems probable that two species have been confused, and that both are referable to known genera. The description (for a copy of which I am indebted to Mr. Wm. J. Fox) is as follows :—** Stephanocircus, gen. nov. Body elongate, especially in the female, bristly, noticeably stronger at the anal extremity. Antennx capitate, four-jointed, the second joint in the female with long bristles extending to the tip of the fourth ; in the male very short ; fourth joint lamellar, apparently composed of nine segments. Head moderately large ; in the female with an exserted, cap-like patella in the front, strongly pectinated round its posterior margin, the face also strongly pectinated ; in the male the posterior margin of the head only pectinated ; eyes wanting in the female ; trophi less than the length of the head ; man- dibles extremely slender, minutely serrated, encased in four-jointed labial palpi, which they somewhat exceed in length ; lingua extremely slender ; maxille elongate, triangular, somewhat exceeding the Second joint of the labial palpi, with no apparent apical joint ; maxillary palpi four-jointed, the first and fourth of about equal length, the third shorter and the second the longest, acuminate; joints of the labial palpi progressively diminish- ing in length and thickness. Prothorax in female with a strong pectinate fringe. Legs long, spinous ; cox of posterior two pairs with a distinct notch posteriorly at the apex ; femora very minutely and sparingly spined ; tarsi five jointed, the first, second and fifth . joints long, the third shorter, the fourth shortest, half the length of the fifth ; claws microscopically denticulate. ** Stephanocircus dasyurt, sp. nov. Length of male, 1.90 mm. ; of female, 2.80 mm. Castaneous brown, nitidous. Head of the male convex above, of female flat. Eyes of male small, black. Pectinal fringes and sets: black or dark brown Thorax long, in the female nearly the length of the body. Abdomen about twice as long as broad in the male, shorter in the female, darker castaneous brown in the female, bristly Legs of a uniform pale castaneous brown. Habitat—New South Wales, on Dasyurus maculatus, r ” Kerr, O64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BB. Eyes wanting, or very rudimentary ; head and thorax slender ; head usually long, rounded in front, vertex often more or less produced ; combs on head and pronotum, and sometimes on abdominal seg- ments, that on the bead of not more than four spines on each STG sess fxs we: 4-3 wag dA nah cele eee te eee Genus Pu/ex, Linn. 746. Linneeus, Fauna Suecica. 1832. Curtis, British Entom., IX., No. 417. (Ceratopsyllus.) 1857. Kolenati, Wiener Entom., Monatsschrift, I., p. 65. (Mono- psylJus. ) 1863. Kolenati, Hor. Soc. Entom., Ross, IL., p. 32, ete. (Trichop- sylla, Ctenonotus, Ctenophthalmus, Ctenopsyilus, Ceratopsyllus, and Ctenocephalus. ) Table of Divisions. A. Head beneath and pronotum behind without combs of SPINES pq: Orta seed eae yee oan atv cee Aang ee AA. Head beneath without, pronotum behind, with a comb Gf SPINES. ds db ete es oped onen Evian AAA. Head beneath and pronotum, both with combs of SPINES Wigs Gens Se ee aah peeures aoe see eren SION EL Division I.—Table of Species.* A. Head above sloping obliquely forward, angled in front ; segments of abdomen each with 5 to 6 transverse rows of bristles ; second joint of antenne without long bristles.............Aerguelensis. AA. Head above and in front evenly rounded ; segments of abdomen each with r or 2 transverse rows of bristles. B. Segments of abdomen each with 2 transverse rows of bristles ; size large ; length: male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm. ; head behind antennal groove with two rows of numerous long black bristles ; bristles on second antennal joint extending beyond end of third joint ; labial * Pulex tuberculaticeps, Bezzi (Bull. della Soc. Entomo,, Ital., XNII., 1890, ** Notes on Some Epizoic Insects”), belongs in Division 1, and is nearly related to P. globiceps. It was taken from Uysas arctos, and is characterized by the truncated and medially tuberculated front, the subequal first and fifth joints of posterior tarsi, the slightly greater size and other minor details. Its position would be between serguelensis and globiceps. I have been unable as yet to obtain specimens of fleas from bears in this country. It is, however, a well-known fact among hunters in the West that the grizzly and silver-tip are sometimes found ‘‘alive”” with them. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 palpi 5-jointed ; meso-and-metathoracic pleura with numerous long black hairs; male cae very large, aes angled above posteriorly. . pasee: Be . .globiceps. BB. Segments of stdowien en ae a ile reall: iaenneae transverse row of bristles ; size smaller: male, 2—2.5 mm.; female, 2.5—4 mm. ; head behind antennal groove with very few scattering bristles ; bristles on second antennal joint shorter than third joint ; meso-and-meta- thoracic pleura with few scattering short hairs. C. Male claspers very small, slender and cylindrical ; tarsi slender ; of anterior tarsi, fifth joint as long as or shorter than 1 and 2 together, and as 2 and 3 together ; of middle tarsi, fifth joint three times 4 or less, and less than 2 ; of posterior tarsi, fifth joint less than 3 and 4 together, second three times 4 or more, much longer than 5, and more than 3 and 4 together, while 1 is longer than 4 and 5 together; internal penis support short, not spirally coiled towards the front; labial palpi 4-jointed ; pale brown in colour ; length simale,’2iimm.: female,i225 mm:ce.\0).5.02.pr eis padedus. CC. Male claspers very large, half-oval ; of anterior tarsi, fifth joint is longer than 1 and 2 together, and longer than 2 and 3 together ; of middle tarsi, fifth joint is three times 4 or more, andas long as 2 or longer; of posterior tarsi, fifth joint as long as 3 and 4 together or longer, second less than three times 4, less aon 5, and as long as 3 and 4 together or less, while 1 is longer than 5 ; internal penis support several times spirally coiled towards the front ; labial palpi 3-jointed ; colour varying between reddish and piceous ; length: male, z—2.5 mm.; female, 2.75-4 mm. D. Mandibles and hypopharynx very short, not reaching one-half length of anterior coxz; joints of labial palpi robust, first joints longer than second, third longer than 1; maxillary palpi, with second joint in female shorter than 4; anterior lobe of exsertible portion of penis* with upper half as broad throughout as lower half just above sbaSGwa st.) s-o : ot eseeee ess. -StNUlANS, D. SD. DD. Mandibles ae Sipepnaryax ager. receinen more than one-half length of anterior cox ; joints of labial palpi slender, first equals 3, second shorter ; maxillary palpi with second joint in female much longer than 4; anterior lobe of exsertible porate of ae with upper half very narrow BING SS yl ivele Heeals e vy ee eae oa irritans, = see Wagner, ‘Hore, Soc. Ent. sen UNOSSiN Lips XXII. Sr leASG paone 5s) ke . 66 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pulex kerguelensis, ‘Vschb. 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 67. This is a very unique and well-marked species. ‘Taschenberg gives the proportional lengths of tarsal joints as follows :—On anterior legs first equals 5 ; on middle legs second equals 5 and equals 3 and 4 together, first is somewhat longer ; on posterior legs first is a third longer than 2, 3 and 4 together somewhat shorter than 2, and 5 a little longer than 3. Length of male is given as 2 mm., of female, 3 to 4.5 mm. The four known examples were collected on the Kerguelen Islands by Mr. Eaton, from Pelecanoides urinatrix, Gmel , and sent to Ritsema for determination. Pulex globiceps, Tschb. 1840. Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. de Moscou, p. 170. (PP. vulpes.) 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 66. (P. globiceps.) A large flea, well separated by its elongated body and proportionally very small head, standing between kerguedensis and irritans with its allies. Taschenberg says of the maxillary palpi: “ their thick joints of almost equal length.” However, in specimens received from him, the second joint in the female is less than three-fourths of the fourth in length. He further says the antennal grooves are open, and the colour is darkish-brown, yellowish-gray posteriorly in mature females. The labial palpi in the specimens received from Dr. Taschenberg are certainly 5-jointed, the sutures between the several joints being equally distinct. In these speci- mens I find the comparative lengths of tarsal joints as follows:——In anterior legs the fifth joint is about as long as 1 and 2 together, and as long as 2 and 3 together ; in middle legs the fifth joint is three times 4 and longer than 2; in posterior legs the fifth joint is shorter than 3 and 4 together, and about two-thirds of 1, while the second is about twice 4 and less than 5. ‘The following records have been made of its occurrence: From Canis vulpes (Halle, ‘Vaschenberg, and Holland, Ritsema), from Meles taxus (Zool. Gardens at Rotterdam), from Canis, sp. (Russia, Motschulsky). Pulex pallidus, ‘Vaschb. 1880. TYaschenberg, Die Fluhe, p. 65. I have before mea large series of specimens sent to me as a new species by Dr. Taschenberg. They were taken on J/us a/bipes, in the Island of Socotra. They coincide in every respect with the original description and illustrations of fad/idus, and must be referred to that ~t THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6 Species as it now stands. ‘The specimens from the Berl. Zool. Mus., described by Taschenberg, were found on Herfpestes ichneumon, in Egypt. The same or a nearly related Herfestes is found in Socotra, and as its habits resemble in many ways those of the JZws, it is very easy to see how the same species of flea might occur on both. Pulex simulans, Nn. sp. Two specimens of this flea, taken from opossum (Didelphis virginiana), were sent to me by Mr. L. O. Howard, from the U. S. Dep. of Agriculture collection. Though distinct, yet it is very closely related to P. irritans, and might easily be confused with that species. Pulex irritans, Lann. 1746. Linneus, Faun. Suec. 2nd Ed., No. 1695. This nearly cosmopolitan flea I have received from Mr. S. C. Dun- dore, of Lakeside, Cala., and through Mr. L. O. Howard, from Azura, Cala., at both of which localities it is common. (TO BE CONTINUED.) NOTES ON SOME REARED HYMENOPTERA, LARGELY PARASITIC, AND CHIEFLY FROM OHIO. BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. Elachistus ohioensis (MS.), Ashmead.—Reared from pupe, in which stage it probably passes the winter ; found November 7th, within the shells of beech-nuts, the kernels of which had been attacked and eaten by some kind of larva which had burrowed out these kernels, leaving only a mass of excrement. A hole in the shells indicated an attack similar to that of some species of BaZaninus, though, as I found no larve of them, it was impossible to learn their exact nature. Locality, Wooster, Ohio. Cirrospilus flavicinctus, Riley.—This was described in Lintner’s First Report as being reared from Bucculatrix pomifoliedia, Clemens, in Missouri, and also New York. My rearings were from Asfpidisca splendoriferella, Clem., the cocoons of which were collected near Cleve- land, Ohio. : Aphidius chenopodiaphidis (MS.), Ashmead.—This was reared from an Aphid found on the leaves of Chenopodium album, Linn., collected in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, June 2oth. Lsocratus vulgaris, Walker.—This and an undetermined Afpanteles were reared with the species next following. 6S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, Lysiphlebus salicaphis, Fitch.-Reared August 24th from Aphid on Wahoo, -uonymus atropurpureus, Jacq , near Wooster, Ohio. Pachyneuron aphidivora, Ashmead.—Reared from Aphid on leaves of Lirtodendron tulipifera, \.inn., collected in Bernett Woods, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 2gth. Rhaphitelus maculatus, Walker.—This was reared from Scolytus rugulosus, Ratz., burrowing in the trunks and larger limbs of fruit trees in Northern Ohio. Praon coloradensis, Ashmead.—Reared from an Aphid on Gladiolus, August 8. Locality, Cleveland, Ohio. Elasmus nigrescens, Ashmead..—Reared from cocoons on leaves received from Warren county, Southern Ohio. The leaves appeared to have been attacked by Fall Web-worm, though none of these caterpillars were present. Date of emerging, September 17. Eulophus tricladus, Prov.—Reared from mines of Z?scheria malifolt- ella, Clem., in leaves of apple, received from near Schenectady, N.Y. Segnipiests nigrifemora, Ashmead.—Reared from the same host as the preceding species, and from the same locality, but from another lot of leaves. Microgaster xylinoides (MS.), Ashmead.—Found, dead, in fold of leaf of Linden ; Wooster, Ohio, October 15, t894. The fold had been made by some leaf-folding larva, and extended along one of the lateral veins of the leaf. : Flabrocytus aulacis (MS.), Ashmead.—Reared from stems of Zactuca canadensis, Linn., collected near Lodi, Ohio, October 26, 1894. Spilochalcis torvina, Cresson.—This was reared from the rather con- spicuous cocoon, which is dingy-white banded with black. Have collected similar cocoons in Tensas Parish, Louisiana, and aiso in Indiana. These were from near Cleveland, Ohio. Rhodites spinosa, Ashmead.—( Described only from the galls.) Both sexes were reared from spiny galls on rose, growing along the edges of woods in Huron county, Ohio. Females emerged in the fields on May 11, and the males followed within a few days. Collected and reared May, 1894. Amblynotus iowensis, AShmead.—This was reared from a mass of grape leaves, affected by Phylloxera and collected along the shore of Lake Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio. From the same leaves a considerable num- ber of Hemerobius occidentalis, Fitch, were also reared. The determinations were made by Mr. W. H. Ashmead. Se = orl et THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 Pathe COE OPE ERAS O Fo CAN ADA. BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. vil. THE HaLipLip& AND DyTIscIDH OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. The above-mentioned families of carnivorous water beetles are taken up here by request of the Editor and Committee, because of the great difficulty most students of Coleoptera, especially if they are beginners, find in identifying any of their captures in these groups, or even in sep- arating the species with approximate accuracy. It is to be feared that with many it will prove difficult to follow the tables herewith presented ; but they have been made as plain as circumstances will allow, and care has been taken to follow the best authorities in the selection of char- acters supposed to mark the respective species, so that by diligent atten- tion to details the user of the paper may hope to co-relate his collection with our lists. The Hatiptip& which may be considered first, includes a small number of beetles casily recognized by the very convex body, narrowed and often pointed before and behind ; in colour yellowish, with numer- ous black spots on the thorax and elytra. The antenne are ten-jointed, situated on the front before the eyes, glabrous and filiform ; the legs are slender, not fitted for vigorous swimming, the hind cox furnished with broad plates, contiguous internally, which conceal the posterior legs at their basal half, and from three to six ventral segments. These little creatures, which, from their peculiar spotted appearance, suggest aquatic lady-birds, may be found very commonly during the summer in ponds where plant life abounds, especially Algee. On account of their feeble swimming power they are easily captured by raking the mass of vegetable matter on to the bank, when the beetles, on crawling out to regain the water, may be secured. Only two genera are represented in Canada: Hadip/us, which has the elytral interstices punctate and the last joint of the palpi small, subulate, and Cyemidotus, without interstitial elytral punctures, the terminal palpal joint conical, longer than the third. ‘The species are difficult to define ; the foltowing characters, hcwever, are those accepted as specific by Mr. Crotch, in his ‘ Revision.” Ha tip.us, Latr. A. Thorax without basal impression ; larger species. b. Head with bilobed black spot on the vertex; elytral strize not deenetatibase. (.150n)) Ja ieacaee yl ios erdrarius, Lec, 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. bb. Head unspotted; punctures of elytral striz finer towards apex. Thorax with black spot anteriorly (.13-.14 in.). .¢*Zopsis, Say. Thorax immaculate (.16 in.)............fasciatus, Aubé. AA. Thorax with an impressed plica on each side near the base ; smaller species. Pale ochreous yellow; punctuation stronger, thoracic plica SHOrteT: (6Ti=) TS Im.) Mi. ace eee nen IEC toe Deter Fulvous ; punctuation less strong, thoracic plica longer .(12an.) “Sendo es salle oe ei ek ee ee CNEMIDOTUS, Er. Our two species are easily distinguished from those of /laliplus by the thorax being ornamented with two black basal spots. Mr. Crotch unites under the name 72-punctatus (fig. 5) the two forms which have been separated on these characters : Hind coxz with a prominent angle on the hind margin CLS ID etree Since pete ameae ei eee eel apa ELEC Hind coxze without this angle (.16 in.)....... muticus, Lec. The next family, the Dyriscip&, is separated with ease from the Haliplide by the following characters: the body is usually much less stout and convex and more obtuse at the ends; the antennie are eleven- jointed, usually filiform, though occasionally somewhat clavate or thick- ened at middle, inserted under the front behind the base of the man- dibles. The posterior coxe are large, reaching the sides of the body, but not covering the ventral segments. Legs natatorial, ciliate with long hairs. From the Carabide they may be known by the structure of the hind coxe mentioned above. All the species are more or less strictly aquatic in habit, and are as arule strong swimmers. They may be found in numbers in ponds and water courses, sometimes being seen under the ice after the approach of winter. At night they fly around and are often attracted by lights. Some of the more northern forms, especially of Agabus and //ydroporus, may be taken under wet moss, or beneath stones or boards which have been lying on the grass in marshy places. The sexual modifications in the family are very interesting, the males often possessing a peculiar modi- fication of the anterior (and less frequently the middle) tarsi, whereby the basal joints are dilated into a more or less cup-shaped surface, which 1s studded beneath with little stalked disks. The number of these disks in ae LORI Oe Oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (al connection with their arrangement and relative size, together with the extent and form of the dilatation of the tarsi, furnishes excellent characters for the separation of groups, and will be referred to again later. The larvee are aquatic and carnivorous, in form elongate, cylindrical or fusiform, the head large and flat, the antenne frontal, the mandibles falcate, suctorial. The legs are terminated by two claws, and the abdo- men lacks the tracheal branchiz seen in the Gyrinide. They remain in the water until full growth is attained, when they repair to some con- venient place under a board, stone or tuft of vegetation, where probably by the squirming motions of the body a cell is made in which the change to pupa takes place; the length of time spent in this latter stage must vary greatly in different broods and with the various species, but it was found to be ten or eleven days in the case of Dytiscus verticalis, of which a larva, taken at Bayfield, Wis., pupated on July 18th, the beetles appear- ing on the 28th. The Dytiscide do not offer that diversity of form, colour and sculp- ture presented by many of the families of terrestrial beetles, hence the selec- tion of easily seen, though superficial, points on which groups might be set apart has not been found practicable, and it has been considered wise to. use in the main the structural differences proved useful by such workers as Drs. Sharp and Leconte in the primary divisions. Though the dis- crimination of the genera and species will sometimes be difficult for the beginner, it is hoped that at least in most cases a correct identification will be the reward of careful work with sufficient material. The two great divisions of the family, as defined by Dr. Sharp, are these:— 1. Metathoracic episternum not reaching the middle coxal cavity (fig. 6a)........Dytisci fragmentati. 2. Metathoracic episternum reaching the middle coxal Cavity (fp. 7b)c .... +. ene WY tISeh complicati. Of the accompanying cuts, fig. 6 @ represents a diagram of a portion of the under surface of Zac- cophilus, which belongs to the fragmentati, cc being the middle coxal cavity. It will be seen that the mesosternal epimeron (ms. epm.) articulates at its inner end with the metasternum (7¢.), and thus cuts off the metasternal episternum (7. es.) from the coxal cavity. In fig. 7 4, however, which is a dia- gram of similar parts of Co/ymbites of the complicati, the mesosternal (2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. epimeron does not articulate with the metasternum, and thus allows the episternum of the latter to reach the cavity. ‘These features are not, as a rule, difficult to make out from specimens, and form the basis of the modern classification of the family. Both figures, which are taken from Dr. Sharp’s memoir, are lettered alike, ms. being the mesosternum proper, ms. eps. its episternum and ef7f. the epipleura. Of the Dytisci fragmen- tati only one genus is recorded in the Canadian list, 2 LaAccoPpHILus, Leach. This includes two species from the fauna under consideration, both of which are rather small, very active beetles of ovate form and _ pale colour, in which yellowish or testaceous predominates. They separate thus: Larger (.24 in.), head, thorax, legs and under surface testaceous ; elytra dark, with the margin and four submarginal spots (sub- humeral, median, post median and subapical) yellowish, also with three irregular yellowish basal marks and a_ narrow sutural HIG es w.cu4.0 424 Fee Fae won gee eee ae Fee OS KN ee Les ee Aeris Smaller (.20 in.), pale; elytra with the sapninieeal mark of maculo- $25. The OtWers COMMSEM wisn e sarkctem anwar Gn ons an ee MEa SPA The Dytisci complicati form the bulk of the Canadian fauna in this family, and may be conveniently divided into four tribes as follows, in order to avoid a long and complicatea synoptic table : A. Prosternum deflexed between the front coxe, front and middle tarsi four-jointed or apparently so, small species ........ Hydroporini. AA. Prosternum not deflexed ; tarsi distinctly five-jointed. b. Front tarsi of males with three* basal joints dilated, forming an oblong or elongate surface ........... ......Colymbetini. bb. Front tarsi of males dilated so as to form a rounded or trian- angular disk. Posterior pairs of spiracles large, transverse; ¢ anterior tarsal disk rounded, the cupules of unequil size. Pos- terior tarsi with two nearly aa claws except in PLY UMTICUS 8 Os a aime Aa aac oe gs me eee ee . Dytiscini. Posterior pairs of spiracles saath anterior tarsi abe ¢ forming a subtriangular disk having four rows of small, equal cupules. Hind tarsi with one claw or very unequal ClAWEs8 5.2 5:53 Be ee ee ee ee Cybistrini. *There are only two in Agadbznus, eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73 Of the above-mentioned tribes the “/ydroporini contains nearly all of the small species. and can be treated only with considerable difficulty, as the genera are distinguished by structural characters not always evident without the destruction of a specimen. After some practice, however, the facies will be found a tolerably reliable guide. The genera may be known by these characters : A. Small (.06 to .07 in). First ventral connate with hind coxe. Porm’ rounded ATODUSt < 2a 3.2 4) se wifepelecsness cdi aides .. Desmopachria. Formeoblong;-depressed os ar ck eae: a piechhaialinsicist Aainis SOE LESSUS. AA. Larger (usually over .to in.) First ventral free. Dey SOULE GISEIAC Datei. WY Srenhas = Sas oe sera al ecdeee aac emer dane COLES bb. Scutel invisible. Elytral ligula* distinct, abrupt.................Celambres. Elytral ligula wanting. Mesosternum not attaining metasternum....... Deronectes. Mesosternai fork connected with the intercoxal process of HGIME FAS CERIUM, 22) sr isce oe og % sicie, v/s wie ols. 1 «ALVA OPOF US: DESMOPACHRIA, Bab. D. convexa, Aubé, is a small species (.07 in.), rounded and convex in form,and ofa shining brownish-red colour without markings. The elytra are finely punctured, the clypeus with distinct margin. I find it here in small creeks or ditches through meadows. BrbDEssus, Sharp. Contains two small Canadian beetles of depressed, oblong form and brownish colour, sometimes with paler markings. The thorax and elytra have a common basal striola on each side. Nearly unicolorous, punctuation fine (.06 in.). .......... . .affinis, Say. Brownish, elytra with paler shades and coarse punctures(.06 in.) fuscatus,Cr. CELINA, Aubé. The Canadian records give C. angustata, Aubé, as an inhabitant of the region, possibly in error, as the genus is characteristically southern. It is a parallel, elongate insect of a brownish-red colour, the elytra darker, mucronate. ‘The thorax is transverse, gently rounded on the sides, the disk with fine punctures, which become deep in front and on the sides near the base (.14 in.). *This is a tongue or raised process on the under surface of the elytra near the outer margin. They must be lifted to show it, 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ca@Lambus, Thom. Several species belonging to this genus may be known by the pres- ence of a ligula on the inferior surface of the elytra near the extero- posterior angle ; it seems to render possible a more perfect fitting together of the elytra and the ventral segments and may easily be seen by raising the wing-case. In colour most of the Ce/ambi are pale above with more or less distinct black markings. Beneath the body is convex, sometimes much so. A. Body beneath rufous, very convex. Head and thorax rufous, elytra brownish, or with distinct irregular pale markings (.12 to URI) nees onc eh eeeed < See ete eee ee AA. Body black beneath, less convex. b. Larger (.20 to .22 in), deeply or coarsely punctate. Colour VAVIABIE ose c's aide we wd w pyle wie ss aed COND PESSOPUMCIALUS, oChall, bb. Smaller (.11 to .17 in.). c. Thorax hardly narrower than elytra. Piceous; head, feet and thorax testaceous, the latter infuscate at base and apex (.11 IN.) de i'eR oath y Oe eerie glee a ae eee ere ec cc. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra. Oval, convex, testaceous above, elytra with fine and coarser punctures intermixed (.13 in.) ... Ser eeres .ovoideus, Lec. Longer, less convex, piceo-testaceous above. Thorax and elytra hardly infuscate (.15 in.) fatrue/is, Lec. Thorax infuscate at middle, elytra at apex (.17 in.) sia) GilsPheng! arsvem atLILG ELES Gee: DERONECTES, Sharp. The two Deronectes recorded from the Canadian fauna are densely punctured, opaque pubescent insects. They separate thus : Oblong-ovate, legs, antenne and body beneath rufous, thorax with front margin, base and two large basal spots black, elytra with six or seven more or less interrupted and confluent vitte (.17 ID gates sik aia ms 36, - 2 dn Se ete eo ee ep CSA ete on, Elongate-ovate, black above and beneath, legs and antenne red, elytra greenish-black, with or without many narrow, more or less confluent vitte (.18 in.) .. esciny. vp 2) eeereseostrrards, DeGeer, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 Hyproporus, Clairv. A large genus, difficult to deal with on account of the similarity of several of the species and of the difference in the sculpture, which shows itself occasionally in the two sexes. The annexed table of the Canadian species is in the main a translation of the necessary portions of Dr, Leconte’s arrangement of the genus in the Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, with such changes in the names as will bring it into accord with our present lists: A’. Oblong-elongate, glabrous, thorax with basal impressed striol, the whole base transversely depressed, sides forming an angle with the elytra. Clypeus not margined. Colour above ochreous, head with one, thorax with two fuscous marks, elytra each with six linear vittee and two submarginal spots fuscous (.17 in.) ... alpinus, Payk., var. 72-dineatus, Lec. A’. Oblong-ovate, moderately convex, confusedly punctate, pubescent ; sides of thorax forming an angle with the elytra, hind angles rec- tangular, clypeus truncate, colour rufo-testaceous, elytra with black PAS Glee MEL, ada) eee S000 chaos, Sh calend ee toneh eh cls ae wily be en POM UAUSS AUDEs A*, Oblong, less convex, pubescent ; elytra strongly punctured, with two smooth narrow lines on each side, clypeus rounded ; above black, head and elytral fascize testaceous (.13 in.).. strzatopunctatus, Mels. A‘. Oblong, usually obtuse in front; thorax not or hardly forming an angle with the elytra, which are without smooth lines. b. Pubescent ; thorax regularly evenly punc- tured. c. Clypeus rounded, broadly margined. Colour ferruginous, thorax blackish at base and apex, elytra with black fascie. Thorax finely margined (.18 I0;)) = sc aten tic er re eo Lec. Thorax more or less piceous, elytra testaceous. .. pallida, Lec, 186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Laccosius, Er. L. agilis, WRand., is about .10 in. long, head and thorax blackish, elytra pale, clouded with dusky. Body beneath black, feet pale. It is common near the banks in small ponds. PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.—VI. BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO, Genus Hystrichopsylla, ‘Vschb. 1880. ‘Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 83. This genus has but a single species :-— [lystrichopsylla obtusiceps, Ritsema. 1826. Curtis, Brit. Ent:, IIL, No. 114 (Pulex taipz). 1831. Macquart, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., XXII., p. 405 (Pulex terrestris). 1868. Ritsema, Tijds. voor Entom., 2 ser. IIL, p. 1733 (Pulex obtusiceps). 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 83 (Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps). This remarkable flea has a heavier covering of spines and bristles than occurs in any other species. The head combs are on the discs of the cheeks with the spines pointing backward (as in Zyphlopsylla gracilis and fraterna), instead of on the lower edges, there being ro spines on either side. The first joint of the maxillary palpi is the longest. Pronotal comb with 20 spines on either side. The comb on the first abdominal segment consists of 20 spines on either side; that on the second segment, of 12 on either side, and that on the third segment, of 7 on either side. The tarsi are slender. Colour, chestnut-brown. Length of male, 3.5 mm.; of female, 5-5.5 mm. It has been reported as occurring on Za/pa europea and Arvicola arvalis, in various parts of Europe, Genus Zyphlopsylla, ‘Tschb. 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 86. TABLE OF SPECIES.* Deeiveach withy.a icon bc Ol Spies teats. er ne tear bee ae [iHead withott a.comb Of soimesiay ts... sse ecules ees eck eee A. Head not unusually elongated ; maxilla triangular; head comb * In this table I have followed Taschenberg very closely, as there are many of the species which I have never seen. The characterization of this genus in my second paper will have to be modified somewhat, as two species have come into my hands which are entirely without the head combs so general in the genvs, and one in which there are five spines in each head comb. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 of 3 to 5 spines on either side ; pronotum with a comb, abdo- Mien aT Botit any. SELON AP ne MIMO SAMLEAS Sy SSR CA Eo cs 5 Gre AA. Head elongated it slender’ maxilla quadrangular ; head comb of two thick blunt spines on either side; pronotum with a comb, abdomen usually with one or more ; in middle tarsi joint 2 as long as 3 and 4 together; in hind tarsi joint 2 as long as 3 and 4 together, and 3 as long as 5 ; living onbats..... ..B. Abdomen without combs; pronotal comb of ro spines on either side ; metanotum with 2 very small teeth on either side ; tarsal joints all very narrow ; in anterior tarsi joint 1 as long as 2 and 3 together, 3 as long as 5 and somewhat more than one-half as long as 2, which is one-third shorter than 1, while 4 1s one-half as long as 2 ; in hind tarsi joint r as long as all remaining joints together and as long as tibie ; length, 3 mm.... ..w#dpectinata. | BB. Abdomen with one or more comb-bearing segments ..........C, C. Abdomen with 1 to 5 comb-bearing segments ..............D. CC. Abdomen with 7 comb-bearing segments; first 4 with 9 spines on a side, last 3 with 5 on a side; each segment bearing a single row of bristles; eyes entirely absent ; antennal groove in hinder haif of head ; maxille narrow, almost rectangular; joint 1 of maxillary palpi longer than either of last three ; pronotal comb of 14 spines on either side ; metanotum with 12 short teeth on either side ; legs slender and thin, proximal end of first femora with 7 very small teeth ; in anterior tarsi joint 4 is the shortest, 2 is as long as 5, but much more slender, 3 about as long as 1 ; in middle tarsi joint 5 is longer than 2; in posterior tarsi joint 1 is one-third longer than 5, which is as long as 2 and as long as 3 and 4 together; male claspers lamellar and rounded on upper edge ; colour, yellowish-brown ; length, 2.5-3 mm. . octactenus. D. Abdomen with 1 comb-bearing segment...............062.6F. DD. Abdomen with 3 or 5 comb-bearing segments..............£. E. Abdomen with 5 comb-bearing segments; 3 of the abdominal combs with 12 spines on either side; pronotal comb of 12 spines on either side; metanotum with 7 teeth on either side ; all other details same as in octactenus ; length,2 mm., Aexactenus. — ee EE. Abdomen with 3 (the first, second and seventh) comb-bearing segments, each comb with ro to 12 spines on a side; those on first and second short and thick, on the seventh thin and sharp; 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a rudimentary eye barely visible ; maxille not so rectangular as in octactenus, somewhat obliquely cut off below ; pronotal comb of 14 to 15 spines ; metanotum with 7 teeth on either side ; in anterior tarsi joint 1 as long as 5, as long as 2 and as long as 3 and 4 together, 5 is much the thickest; in posterior tarsi joint 1 as long as 2, 3 and 4 together, 2 as long as 3 and 4 together, 5 somewhat shorter ; length, 2-3 mm............pentactenus. F. Abdomen with the seventh segment, only, comb-bearing ; length, 2mm. 4 gp) Bip ely Bvctetere. aenge al On ietlae Seer Pn SO ive G. Head es on anterior edge a seine groove, the spines point- ing siratght Dackwatdie su. 46d wou ce oslo ese, eee GG. Head comb in normal position on lower edge of cheeks, the spines pointing downward and backward.................. H. Pronotal comb of 7 to 9 spines on either side ; head comb of usually 3, sometimes 4, spines on either side ; with a very rudi- mentary eye; abdominal segments with 2 dorsal rows of bristles ; in middle tarsi joint 1 equals 5; in posterior tarsi joint 1 is one-third longer than 2..... ve ali yao a 5S ern Wed aeaeene HH. Pronotal comb of rr spines on either side; head comb of 4 spines on either side ; maxillz short triangular ; maxillary palpi with joints of nearly equal length; abdominal segments each with one ventral and two dorsal rows of bristles ; legs with numerous short spines; in middle tarsi joint 2 is somewhat shorter than 1 and somewhat longer than 5 ; in posterior tarsi joint 1 is a half longer than 2; colour, yellowish-brown ; length, PMO show aka eictei aia Gah Died aya te sr ayaee salty Seri AA AAe es PERNT Gs I. Pronotal comb ct 7 spines On either side; Bead comb i 3, some- times 4, spines on either side ; maxillz long and actte ; male claspers in the form of two ae sugar-loaf plates; colour, pitch- brown ; length, 3 mm. ee i ee ssa) aviniiel 0 @CUEUCOS ECU II. Pronotal comb of 7 to 9g spines on ance ae bead comb of 3 spines on either side ; male claspers boot-shaped, the sole turned up; colour, dark brown; length, 2.5:mm...........assimilts. J. Head comb of 4 spines; the two upper spines of head comb much longer than the lower; pronotal comb of 9 spines on either side ; proportions of tarsal joints as in caucasica ; male claspers blunt, of the shape of a “ ninepin or a cucumber ” ; colour, light brown; length of male, 2-25 mm. ; of female, 9S! AYU ihc, dvask fib sie tigogsd Aba lors bob tad gemme pre Aue arene pe men Re ene THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 JJ. Head comb of 5 spines; upper spines of head comb of same length as lowest; pronotal comb of 14 spines on either side ; male claspers long, edges nearly parallel, slightly broadening towards tips, obliquely cut off at ends; colour, light brown ; length of male, 2 mm. ; of female, 2.5 mm..... fraterna, Nn. sp. K. Vertex strongly produced, rounded, face retreating ; head with numerous short, very strong, spine-like bristles, all pointing downward and backward; antennz with numerous bristles on the third joint, arising from the lower third and exceeding the joint, bristles on joint 2 very short; mandibles exceeding the anterior trochanters ; pronotal comb of 16 spines; leg spines weak except on the tibiz and anterior coxe; on the anterior coxe they resemble those on the head ; hind femora without a row of bristles on the side ; in middle tarsi joint 2 equals 5 ; in hind tarsi joint 1 is longer than 2, 3 and 4 together, while 5 is a half longer than 3 ; abdominal segments each with one dor- sal and one ventral row of bristles, each row with 4 or 5 bristles, | those in the ventral rows very strong; claspers of male long, linear, edges parallel, rectangular at the end; colour, reddish- brown; length of male, 1.5 mm.; of female,2.5 mm. . a/f7na, nN. sp. as z . ; KK. Vertex evenly rounded from occiput to mouth, slightly flattened { 5 above in male; head with very few weak bristles ; bristles on | joint 2 of antenne longer than third joint, which is without ' bristles ; mandibles attaining three-fourths of anterior cox: ; | pronotal comb of 18 to 22 spines; leg spines strong on tibie and hind tarsi; hind femora with a row of bristles on the side ; in middle tarsi joint 2 is longer than 5; in hind tarsi joint r is about as long as 2 and 3 together, while 5 is shorter than 3 ; abdominal segments each with two dorsal and two ventral rows of numerous bristles, the second dorsal row with 12 to 14 bristles, the ventral rows with nearly as many, ventral bristles not stronger than dorsal ; male claspers long, linear, edges not parallel, end somewhat obliquely cut off, rounded; colour, brown; length of male, 2.25 mm.; of female, 3-3.25 mm., americana, N. sp. Dyphlopsylla unipectinata, Vschb. 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. gr. Typhlopsylla octactenus, Kol. 1856. Kolenati, Parasit. d. Chirop:, p. 31 (Ceratopsyllus octactenus), 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Typhlopsylla hexactenus, Kol. 1856. Kolenati, l. c., p. 51 (Ceratopsyllus hexactenus). Lyphlopsylla pentactenus, Kol. 1856. Kolenati, l. c., p. 32 (Ceratopsyllus pentactenus). Typhlopsylla dictenus, Kol. 1856. Kolenati, 1. c., p. 32 (Ceratopsyllus dictenus). The above five species of Typhlopsylla are all bat fleas, and have been found on a number of kinds of bats in various parts of Europe. I regret to say that I have not been able to obtain any bat fleas from this side of the water. Typhlopsylla musculi, Duges. 1832. Duges, Ann. d. Sci. Nat. XXVIIL., p. 163 (Pulex musculli). 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 92 (Typhlopsylla musculi). This species has been taken on various mice and rats in Europe. I have seen no fleas from either mice or rats taken in America. Typhlopsylla caucasica, Tschb. 1840. Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. imp. Moscow, p. 169 (Pulex typhlus). 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 94 (Typhlopsylla caucasica). ‘Found by Motschulsky on Spalax typhlus in the Caucasian Steppes.” Lyphiopsylla assimilis, Tschb. 1880. ‘Taschenberg, Die Fiohe, p. 95. Found in Europe on Sorex vulgaris, Talpa europea, Mus sylvaticus, and Arvicola arvalis. I have specimens from Lincoln, Nebr., taken on mole (Bruner) ; from Ames, Iowa, taken on Scolops argentatus (Osborn) ; and I have found the same species at Lansing, Mich., on the common garden mole. In the male the head above is very slightly concave (as it is in most Pulicide), not convex as figured by Taschenberg, nor does the face slope conspicuously downward and backward in either male or female, but meets the cheek margin at little greater than a right angle. Typhlopsylla gracilis, Tschb. 1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 96. Found in Europe on Talpa europa and Sorex vulgaris. Typhlopsylla fraterna, n. sp. I have collected specimens of this very distinct species at Lansing, Mich., on the common garden mole, and have also received a specimen from Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collected at Brookings, S, D., the host not given. ——— ~~. ~~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 Typhlopsylla alpina, n. sp. A very unique flea, collected by Prof. Bruner at Georgetown, Colo., on Mountain Rat. The very conspicuous “ bristies” of the head, and anterior coxze, are short and spine-like, thus differing from those in any other flea I have met with. It is the most well-marked species of the genus. Typhlopsylla americana, n. sp. This seems to be a common species, at least west of the Mississippi. I have specimens from Ames, Iowa, taken on Geomys bursarius (Osborn). At Fort Collins I have found it on a large brown mole, and Prof. Gillette has taken it at the same place on the pocket gopher. Prof. Aldrich sent me a specimen taken at Moscow, Idaho, on Thomomys talpoides ; it varies from the typical form in having but sixteen spines in the pronotal comb, but is otherwise identical. (TO BE CONTINUED. ) DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA OF CERTAIN TENTHREDINID~. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A.M., NEW YORK. Cladius ( Trichiocampus) gregarius, n. sp. Allied to Cladius viminadis, Fallen. The larval habits are also iden- tical, as seen by Dr. J. A. Lintner’s account of viminadis in his Fourth Report, p. 44 (as Aulacomerus lutescens). The fly, however, is differently coloured ; the larva differs but slightly, in that the lateral black spots are larger than the subdorsal ones, whereas in vimznadis the reverse appears to be the case. - Male.—Basal joint of flagellum of antennz with a projection on its lower side, the succeeding joints somewhat obliquely set, but simple, all densely pilose ; shining black throughout, except the legs, which are pale white outwardly ; coxe, trochanters, base of femora, whole of posterior femora, and all the claws, black. The black colour fades outwardly, be- coming almost sordid, luteous, not sharply separated from the white parts. Basal two-thirds of fore wing and nearly the whole of hind wing dark smoky black; the veins and stigma black. Length, 6 mm. Female.—Antenne simple, the third and fourth joints slightly enlarged at their tips, scarcely pilose at all ; coloration as in the male, or the wings rather less smoky ; length, 6 mm. There are three submarginal cells, the first obscurely divided near base by an obsolete nervure; lanceolate cell contracted in the middle, 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. One male and four females bred on Populus tremuloides at Keene Valley, N.Y. : ke or ayo hh In slits on both sides of the slender petiole of a leaf, as described by Dr. Lintner for v2mznalts. First stage.—Head blackish; width, 3 mm. Body all pale, sordid yellowish, warts concolorous, the structure as in the mature larva. Second stage.—As before. Width of head, .4 mm. Third stage.-—The food shows as a greenish shade. Width of head, .65 mm. The thorax is more yellowish than the abdomen. Fourth stage.—Head shining black, rounded, mouth rather pointed, the sutures around the mouth pale; width, 1 mm. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-11 and 13, short; thoracic feet just visible from above. Simple, recurved, white hairs, four to five each from low, obscure, concolorous warts, apparently six in two rows above the spiracle on two indistinct annulets, and others more obscure, on the subventral folds. Thorax a little enlarged. Colour yellowish, not shining, the food giving a green tint by transparency, shading to ochreous on thorax and joint 12. A row of little black dots subdorsally (often absent) and a row of large lateral ones, one on each segment. Dorsal vessel dark. Anal plate con- colorous with body. Fifth stage-—Head black or yellow around the clypeus ; width, 1.5 mm. Subdorsal and lateral spots large, square, black ; anal plate yellow. Otherwise as before. Cocoon double ; made entirely of soft brownish silk, of the texture of thin paper. Cladius solitaris, n. sp. In the absence of a male specimen, I cannot tell to which section of the genus this species is to be referred. The larval characters, how- ever, are very different from those of the preceding species, so that it is probable we have to do with a Cladius proper or with Priophorus, most probably the latter. The fly differs from the description of cssomera, Harr., @guadis, Nort., and s¢mplicicornis, Nort. Female.—Antenne very minutely pilose, simple. Body shining black, the wings hyaline with black veins; stigma faintly tinged with luteous ; the lower inner cell of hind wings does not reach as far as the cell above it, its lower outer angle somewhat pointed. Legs white ; the anterior cox, middle and posterior coxe except at tip, the femora 2a get 8 Ss t THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 193 except at base and tip, black ; apex of the tibia and the tarsi dusky, as also the anterior trochanters, but the middle and posterior trochanters are white. Length, 6 mm. One female, bred on Alnus. * *K * * * * Larva.— Third stage.—Sitting flat on the venter, solitary, eating the parenchyma of the leaf from the under side. Head round, shining black, pilose ; width, .5 mm. Abdominal feet on joints 6-11 and 13, thorax a little enlarged, abdominal feet slightly spreading. Segments distinct, rather faintly 3-annulate, annulet 1 small, 2 and 3 with many pale sete, so that the larva is pilose or hairy. Colour translucent whitish, with no yellow tint. The food gives a dark green band by transparency, as far as joint 12. In joint 13 the feces show black. Thoracic feet faintly yellowish tinged. Fourth stage.—Head pale whitish, with a black shade at side and vertex ; width, .6 mm. Body whitish, with a faint greenish tinge, densely hairy, the tubercles slight. Alimentary canal gives a dark shade. Fifth stage.—Head greenish, thickly dotted with brown; a confluent black patch on clypeus, over eye and above and behind it ; or a patch at vertex and another on side covering the eye and reaching to back of head. Head shining, pilose; mouth brown; width, 1 mm. Dorsal region of body olivaceous blackish; joint 2 anteriorly, sub-ventral region, venter, feet and joint 13 posteriorly, translucent whitish, not shiny ; body pilose, the hairs arising from thickly-placed pale tubercles on each of the three annulets. Hairs rather short and pale. Cocoon double, made of white or brownish silk, large, and resem- bling thin paper. Eriocampa fasciata, Norton. Fly kindly determined by Mr. A. D. MacGillivray. Fourth stage-— Exactly like the larva of Monostegia guercus- coccinee, Dyar, except that the head and the two posterior pairs of thoracic feet are shining black. Width of head, .55 mm. Fifth stage-—The same ; width of head, .75 mm. Sixth stage.—Head and thoracic feet whitish honey-yellow ; width, .75 mm. Body similar, subtranslucent, no longer shiny, finely annulated ; some dorsal watery areas. Sides of thorax bright orange ; ocelli black, mouth brown. The larve do not eat in this stage, but enter the ground to pupate, 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Found on black oak at Plattsburgh, N. Y., and Weehawken, N. J. In the single specimen bred, the wings are but very faintly smoky. Blennocampa spiree, XN. sp. Antenne as long as head and thorax; third joint about one and one-half times as long as fourth. First recurrent nervure received almost at base of second submarginal cell, second: near base of third cell ; lanceolate cell petiolate, under wing with no middle cells. Black ; tips of femora, all of tibiz and tarsi, sordid reddish luteous, the claws often smoky ; tegule black or with the outer half white; two dots behind scutellum, white ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black, except close to the base, where the nervures are pale. Head and thorax very finely pubescent. Rarely the tibia are faintly blackish, especially the anterior pair. Length: ¢,6mm.; ?,6.5 mm. Four males, five females. Larva.— Eating the young leaves of Spirea salicifolia, and dis- appearing before the middle of June ; sitting flat on the venter, solitary, but many on a bush. Keene Valley, N. Y. Head pale greenish, not shining, mouth brown, ocellus covered by a black spot ; width, 1.2 mm. Abdominal feet on joints 6-12 and 13; thorax a little enlarged, body very slightly flattened ventrally and tapering posteriorly. Several little white pointed elevations, like sharp teeth with two cusps; two of them ad-dorsal on each segment, two sub-dorsal, a single 1-cusped dot later- ally anteriorly, three in a triangle stigmatally posteriorly and six on sub- ventral fold. Body pale bluish-green, not shining, closely like the leaf in colour. Last stage.— Head testaceous, hardly shining, eye black ; width, 1.2 mm. Body smooth, 5-annulate, pale yellowish - green, scarcely shining and rather opaque. On acquiring this stage, the larve enter the earth. The flies appeared the following April. Monostegia rose, Harris. Larva.—Head higher than wide, angularly pyriform, widest through the eyes. Pale brown, not shining, eye and mouth black ; width, 1.0 mm. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet) ; thoracic feet not large, not seen from dorsal view. Body smooth, sub- translucent yellowish, broadly green dorsally from the food showing by transparency, 6-annulate, not shining, without marks. Under a lens, very slight concolorous pointed elevations represent the tubercles. These are faintly blackish towards the extremities, | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 195 Last stage.—Perfectly smooth, pale honey-yellow, almost whitish. The larvee enter the earth on acquiring this stage without feeding. Monostegia quercus-albe, Norton. My specimens vary in having one or no middle cells on hind wings. The latter is, in fact, the more common, and the specimens appear to be Caliroa obsoleta of Norton. The larve, as described by me (CAN. ENr., XXVL, 43), differed from Norton’s description in having the head black. I have, however, obtained larve like those of true g.-a/b@, and the fly ts before me. It was submitted to Mr. MacGillivray, who pronounced it to be JZ. g.-coccinee, but I can scarcely agree with him, as the wings are hyaline. Monostegia quercus-coccinee, Dyar. Recent specimens vary in having one or two middle cells on the hind wings. Those with two middle cells seem to fit the description of Eriocampa fasciata, Nort., and I may be in error in having described the species as new, provided the larval characters prove illusory. Eriocampa cerast, Peck. My specimens vary in having two or one middle cells on hind wings. One specimen has the lower cell present on one side, the upper present on the other with a portion of the cross-vein of the lower. Larva common on Crategus sp. and on Amelanchier canadensis at Woods’ Holl, Mass., in July; imago in August. The larva has been often described. It has a final stage (sixth), in which the head does not grow and the larva does not eat, as in the four preceding species. Widths of head: (1) 0.25 mm. (?) [not measured], (2) 0.35 mm., (3), 0.55 mm., (4) 0.8 mm., (5) 1.1 mm., and (6) 1.1 mm. The following synopsis will eenarate the larvee of this group as far as they are known to me :— Larva not shining, greenish (Rosa)..................MWonostegia rose. Larva shining, slimy. Larva large, blackish (Pyrus, etc.)..............H#riocampa cerast. Larva smaller, whitish. Sides of thorax orange tinted Ota pecan 12 Woes ba) ol tel aad nae ee Oe BELO ene -Eriocampa fasciata. Fea Dale. dais os SOE _ Monostegia Q.-COCCINCE. Sides of thorax concolorous, whitish (Quercus alba). PLEA Gn BIAS * in: nots, © at ctw la gree . Caliroa obsoleta. ERE ele ALENT as; css. dha, bie Poy RaenaG ores _ Monostegia q.-albe. * M. q.-albe, CAN. ENT., XXVI., 43. + MW. g.-albe of Norton, Fly determined by MacGillivray differently, but I can- not corroborate him, 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Har piphorus tarsatus, Say. Determined by Mr. MacGillivray as /Z, varéanus, but according to Harrington (Can. Env., XXV., 59) this name indicates only a variety. Egg traces below the lower epidermis, but apparently sawed through from the upper side ; elliptical patches, well separated, in straight rows parallel to a vein or transverse or irregularly distributed ; many on a leaf ; size, .8 x 1.2mm. First stage.—Head faintly brownish, eye black; width, .4 mm. Body whitish, rather opaque, annulate, not shiny, the food showing dis- tinctly ; sub-ventral fold prominent in the centre of cach segment ; feet on joint 6-12 and 13. The larvee sit all in a mass on the back of the leaf, flat on the venter, and eat the parenchyma from below. Second stage—The same. Width. of head, .55 mm. Later the larvee rest curled spirally and become covered with a white woolly coating. Third stage.—Head, .65 mm. No change in colour. Fourth stage.—Head, .8 mm. Fifth stage. Sixth stage.—Head, 1.5 mm. Seventh stage.—The larve rest flat on the back of the leaf, curled, the anal end inside of the spiral and slightly lifted. Head round, full at the vertex, highest centrally, clypeal sutures well- marked ; smooth, black, covered with a white mealy substance nearly obscuring the surface; palpi, an area around the mouth and the distinct antennze, pale yellowish ; ocellus black ; width, 1.8 mm. Thoracic feet rather small with black hooks ; abdominal ones on joints 6-12, 13, large. Segments rather coarsely 6-annulate, the intersegmental incisures scarcely more distinct ; sub-ventral fold well-developed, undulate. Nearly opaque honey-yellow, all the dorsal region to sub-ventral ridge covered with a mealy white secretion, partly or wholly obscuring the surface, or even growing out into filmy threads nearly 1 mm. long. Anal plate small, rounded-quadrate, black. The white secretion is formed afresh after each moult. Head, 1.1 mm. [vO BE CONTINUED. | Mailed July 2nd, 1895. pe! ee PROFESSOR WILLIAM SAUNDERS, F.R.S.C., F.LS. ye Canad tat] ¥ntomal logist. “VOL. XXVIL. LONDON, AUGUST, 1895. | oases PROFESSOR ~ WILLIAM SAUNDERS, Le cet Saal ll Uy rome oN Ot (3 We take great pleasure in presenting this month a likeness of Prof. Saunders, who must be well-known, if not personally, certainly by reputation, to every reader of the CanapIAN EnTomotocist. He was one of the founders of the Entomological Society of Ontario in 1863, and became its President in 1875, which position he held continuously till he was appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion in 1886. From 1874 to 1886 he was the General Editor of this Magazine, and conducted it with singular ability and success. In 1883 he published his great work: “Insects Injurious to Fruits,” which has become a standard volume of reference among horticulturists and economic entomologists, and which reached a second edition in 1892. The list of his publications in the Bibliography of the Royal Society of Canada covers several pages and numbers between two and three hundred. In the words of an American writer: “ by painstaking study and observa- tion he has risen to the topmost pinnacle of fame as an entomologist, horticulturist and experimental agriculturist.” , No one can be more highly esteemed by all who know him, or more beloved by his friends, than PRoFrEssoR WILLIAM SAUNDERS. May he long be spared in health and strength to carry on his arduous and important work for the benefit of the people of this Dominion ! OCCUPANTS: OF THE GALLS OF EUROSTA SOLIDAGINIS, FITCH. BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R.S.C, OTTAWA. These conspicuous spherical galls occur somewhat rarely at Ottawa upon the stems of Sod/¢dago rugosa, and have been found to yield only the handsome fly which produces them, and its parasite Zurytoma gigantea, Walsh. The 24th May last I spent at Casselman, about thirty miles southward from Ottawa, with Mr. Fletcher, and we found the galls abundant upon Solidago serotina, upon the banks of the South Nation. On opening one I found a pupa, apparently of a Mordella, in the pithy substance, and, remembering Mr. Brodie’s very interesting paper (CAN. 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ent., Vol. XXIV. p. 137) upon the occupants of similar galls from Manitoba, i afterwards collected a pocketful. They were very much larger than those which are found at Ottawa, and perhaps scarcely so spherical. Many were evidently already vacated by the producing flies, but I hoped that they might still have other tenants. About a week later, as only three flies had emerged, I opened about half of them, and was rewarded by finding several inhabitants. The majority of the galls contained in the central cavity the empty puparium of the fly, but in several the larva of the fly had apparently not hatched or had soon after perished, as there was no cavity. In only one gall was found the pupa of Eurytoma gigantea, and in this cavity there was no puparium of the fly. In winding tunnels in the pithy substance of other galls were found a Mordellid larva and pupa, which were placed in alcohol, and a few small Chalcidid pups, one of which was evidently a smaller species of Eurytoma. Several dead larve of the beetles were also found in their burrows. On June 2tst, as nothing had since emerged, I opened the remaining galls, and in two I found living examples of Mordeddistena nigricans, Melsh. In each instance the central cavity of the gall contained the empty puparium of the Eurosta, which had escaped by its own exit, while the beetle was at the end of a long burrow through the solid pithy substance, and just cutting its way out. It is evident, therefore, that Mr. Brodie was mistaken in announcing this beetle as a true: parasite of the fly, and as “bred from an Eurosta pupa-case.” It is certainly only an inquiline, the larve boring in and living upon the pithy substance of the gall. Some years previously (Can. Ent., Vol. XIII., p. 173) the late Mr. V. T. Chambers had recorded a Mordella larva (perhaps this same species) as ‘common in the galls of Gedechia galle-solidaginis, Riley, in stems of Solidago, eating into and through the walls of the galls, but not disturbing the larvee or pup of the moth.” Besides the two beetles, there were found in the galls, in the small burrows made by the beetle larve, three or four more of the chalcidid pupe and two flimsy braconid cocoons, from which emerged specimens of Sigalphus, answering very well to the description of .S. ¢exanus, Cress. The small Eurytoma proved apparently to be Z. stwdiosa, Say, while the remaining seven pup developed into a species of chalcidid which I have not been able to determine. The latter species, the 4. stwdzosa, and the Sigalphus are evidently parasites, not of the gall producing Eurosta, but of the inquilinous Mordellistena. We have, therefore, from these few galls examples of the fly which produces it, a true parasite thereon, an inquilinous beetle, and three parasites thereof. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 NEW NORTH AMERICAN MYCETOPHILID. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. Cc. Platyura lurida, n. sp. 2. Head and antennz black, first two joints of the latter and the mouth parts somewhat yellowish. Thorax, pleura, scutellum, abdomen and legs, pale yellow, the tarsi toward the apex brownish-yelfow, the thorax marked with three reddish-yellow vitte. Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish toward the costa, otherwise unmarked ; tip of auxiliary vein nearly twice the iength of the humeral cross-vein beyond the base of the third ; sub-costal cross-vein nearly three times the length of the humeral beyond the latter ; anterior branch of the third vein oblique, ending its own length beyond the tip of the first ; sixth vein reaches the wing margin. Length, 6 mm. Washington. A single specimen from Prof. O. B. Johnson. Platyura Maude, n. sp. 2. Head and antennz black, palpi yellowish. Thorax, pleura and scutellum bluish-black. Abdomen reddish-yellow, first two segments black, the base of the second tinged with reddish ; this segment is one-half longer than broad. Halteres yellowish. Coxe reddish-yellow, blackened at their bases, femora deep yellow, tibia brownish-yellow, tarsi black. Wings yellowish-gray, a brownish spot extends from the first vein, before its apex, to the posterior branch of the fourth vein near its base ; apex of wing from midway between tps of first and third veins to apex of sixth vein grayish-brown ; a brown cloud on third vein near its base ; tip of auxiliary vein twice the length of the humeral cross-vein beyond the base of the third ; sub-costal cross-vein one and one-half times the length of the humeral cross-vein beyond the latter ; anterior branch of third vein oblique, ending nearly its own length before the tip of the first ; sixth vein reaches the wing margin. g same as the 9 except that the second abdominal segment is twice as long as broad, and the anterior branch of the third vein is perpendicular, ending twice its length before the tip of the first vein. Length, 9 mm. Washington. A pair from Prof. O. B. Johnson, at whose suggestion I have named this handsome species in honour of Miss Maud L. Parker, whom he designates as ‘‘ one of my most faithful collectors.” Platyura pectoralis,n. sp. 2. Front, occiput and antenne, black; first two joints of the latter, the face, cheeks and mouth parts, yellowish. Thorax and scutellum reddish-yellow, pleura and metanotum bluish-black. Abdomen reddish-yellow, the first segment black, the second three times as long as broad. Halteres yellowish, Coxz and femora reddish- 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yellow, tibize brownish-yellow, tarsi black. Wings yellowish-gray ; a brown spot extends from costa before up of first vein to posterior branch of fourth vein near its base ; apex of wing from midway between tips of first and third veins to apex of sixth vein, grayish-brown ; a brown cloud on the third vein near its base ; tip of auxiliary vein opposite base of the third ; sub-costal cross-vein one and one-half times the length of the humeral beyond the latter; anterior branch of third vein oblique, ending twice its length before the tip of the first vein; sixth vein reaches the wing margin. Length, 12mm. Nevada. A single specimen from the late Mr. Morrison. Platyura fasciola, Coq. Described as a Ceroplatus, but is best located in the present genus. Mycetophila Hepkinsii, n. sp. ¢. Black, the thorax and abdomen sub-shining, not pollinose ; the halteres, femora, tibixe and base of metatarsi dusky yellow. Antenne twice as long as the head and thorax united, densely short, whitish pubescent. Thorax and scutellum sparse, coarse, golden-yellow pilose; abdomen fine yellowish-white pilose. Front tibiz destitute of stout bristles except at the tip, the middle and hind ones bearing numerous black bristles. Wings gray, unmarked ; auxiliary vein entire, ending in the costa slightly beyond the base of the third ; fourth vein forks the length of the small cross-vein beyond the latter ; fifth vein forks opposite the lower end of the oblique small cross-vein ; sixth vein scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the posterior fork of the fifth ; costal vein reaches the first third of distance between tips of third vein and anterior branch of the fourth. Length, 4mm. Morgantown, W. Va. A single specimen from Prof. A. D. Hopkins, after whom the species is named. Dynatosoma fulvida, n. sp. 2. Yellow, the antenne and apices of tarsi black, tibiae tinged with brown; an indistinct brownish fascia extends from one ocellus to the other, or the entire front and occiput are some- times black. Wings yellowish-gray; a brown spot extends from costa to base of posterior branch of fourth vein; apex of wing from before tip of first vein to apex of posterior branch of fifth vein, brownish, enclosing a sub-hyaline spot that extends from the third vein to the middle of the third posterior cell; tip of auxiliary vein three times the length of the humeral cross-vein beyond the latter, ending in the first vein ; sixth vein not nearly reaching the wing margin. Middle and hind tibiw each bearing THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 outwardly three rows of stout bristles, and on the inner side with a row of smaller ones. Length, 7 mm. Washington. Two specimens from Prof. O. B. Johnson. This is the first discovery of the present genus in this country. It is closely related to Mycetophila, differing principally in the course of the auxiliary vein, which terminates in the first, instead of being abbreviated, or of ending in the costa. ON THE SUBGLOBULAR SPECIES OF LECANIUM. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, NEW MEXICO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. The genus Kermes of modern authors contains about a dozen subglobular forms, found on oaks, with one exception. These insects might be taken for species of Zecanium, but a microscopical examination of their characters, especially ia the larva, shows that they are quite distinct from that genus. There are, however, four known subglobular species which structur- ally and in the larva resemble Zecanium and not Kermes ; adding to these four others which I have lately received, we have altogether eight subglobular coccide which show true Zecanium characters. Two of these live on conifers, and are placed in a genus separated from Lecanium, known as Physokermes. P. abietis (mod.) = hemicryphus, Dalm., = racemosum, Ratz., = picee, Schr., inhabits Europe ; 2. n. Sp. (shortly to be published) lives in Colorado. In Europe is also found Zecaium emerici, Planchon, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera. This I have never seen, but Signoret gives its characters in some detail. The dermis is tessellate, as in Physokermes. From Montevideo comes a very large species, Z. verrucosum, Signoret, and below I describe three from Brazil. Finally, in Australia is Z. daccatum, Maskell. None of these last five have the dermis tessellate. Summing up, we thus have: (1) A distinct genus of two species,— one Palearctic, one Nearctic,—confined to conifers. (2) A single Palearctic species, on oaks. (3) Four Neotropical species; and (4) One Australian. It seems probable that these insects represent old types, not late developments from normal Zecanium. But LZ, emerici and Physokermes 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. seem somewhat related to the Aw/ecanium series, which inhabits the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, and is entirely absent (except where introduced on cultivated plants) in the Neotropical and Australian. Now that the Neotropical series is increased to four, we can see (1) that it is diversified within its own limits, doubtiess actually more numerous in species than present information shows, and probably, therefore, endemic; (2) that it more resembies the Australian species than those of the Palearctic or Nearctic regions. Thus the indications are, that the Palearctic-Nearctic series of subglobular forms is altogether distinct from the Neotropical-Australian series, the resemblance being much closer superficially than in structural characters. The last-mentioned series does, however, seem to hold naturally together, and its distribution may, perhaps, be used as an argument by those who favour the hypothesis of land-connection between S. America and Australia. The three new Neotropical species were all collected by Dr. Von Ihering, the well-known naturalist, now of the Sao Paulo Museum. Lecanium pseudosemen, sp. Nov. @. Scale globose, max. diam., about 10 mm., a mcederate-sized specimen is long. 814, lat. 714, alt. 7 mm. Scale clasping twig; leaving, when removed, four small, broad stripes of white secretion. Colour coffee-brown, or reddish-brown, sometimes irregularly marked with yellowish ; surface smooth, fairly shiny. Under a lens appears minutely tuberculose and finely and closely spotted with yellowish. Boiled in caustic soda, it stains the liquid madder-brown, the pigment precipitating on standing. Dermis (transmitted light) not tessellated ; shows large, oval gland- pores. Claw rather short, stout, curved, sharply pointed. Digitules of claw extending beyond its tip, rather slender, but with large knobs. Tarsal digitules only moderately long, slender, with small knobs. Tarsus some- what arched; tibia also somewhat arched, but in a contrary (forward) direction ; both slender, tibia about 1% longer than tarsus. Femur about as long as tibia, moderately stout. Trochanter with a very long hair at its end, } ~*~ 7 =~ . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 Antenne 8-jointed ; 1 unusually large and long, much longer than its breadth at apex, but hardly so long as its breadth at base ; 2 about as long as 1, and about half as broad as long; 3 distinctly longer than 2, but not much longer; the rest are all shorter ; 4 next longest, then 5 and 8, then 6, then 7. Formula 3 (12) 4 (58) 673; 1 and 2 each with two hairs near apex ; 3 with a hair not far from base. Hab., Brazil, presumably S. Paulo, on twig of plant not determined (Von Ihering, No. 59). @. Scales sent, containing embryonic larve. The dermis shows numerous moss-like ramifying bodies, presumably some parasitic alga. These growths are very much like the dendritic crystals of black oxide of manganese sometimes seen on slabs of limestone rock, but they are granular and frequently pigmented dark brown. The scales look like large seeds or berries. Although a large species, this is by no means so large as verrucosum, from which it differs in several characters, Lecanium monile, sp. nov. 9. Scale on bark, long. 4, lat. 3%, alt. about 244 mm., rounded, sub-globose, moderately shiny, reddish-brown, irregularly mottled. Posterior cleft distinct. Dermis not reticulate ; with rather few small round gland-pores, but also with, at moderate intervals, /arge oval or sub-circular reticulated patches. his last is a very peculiar feature. No legs or antenne found in adult. Larvee present in the scales ; these embryonic larvze have 6-jointed antenne ; 3 longest, 6 nearly as long; 1, 2, 4, 5 subequal. They also show very long and slender tarsal digitil+s ; digitules of claw not alike, one filiform, the other moderately stout. Hab., Sao Paulo, Brazil, on plant not identified (Von Shering, No. 52). Several of the scales show large parasite-holes ; these, especially, look like small brown beads, the hole looking like that for the string. Pseudokermes, subg. nov. @. Lecaniid, but the appearance suggesting a small Kermes ; covered with a thin, glassy scale, much after the manner of ZrgZisia ; antenne and legs absent in adult ; dermis not chitinous. Lecanium (Pseudokermes) nitens, sp. nov. @. Scale smooth, ochreous, very shiny, sub-globose, divided 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. antero-posteriorly by a shallow groove; long. 2%, alt. 2, lat. 3 mm. Glassy scale very thin, white and semi-transparent, forming sublateral low cones, concentrically but not longitudinally striate. Dermis (after boiling) colourless, not tessellated ; a marginal row of small, short spines and round gland-orifices. No vestige of legs or antenne could be seen, although the specimens were easy to examine for such characters by reason of the transparent dermis. Mouth parts distinct and well-developed, mentum apparently monomerous, broad, with a pair of small bristles on each side near the tip. Rostral filaments short. Anogenital ring with several hairs. Anal plates small, their external sides meeting at about a right angle ; the anterior-external side decidedly longer than the posterior-external. Immediately cephalad of the plates, and partly surrounding them, is a broad brown chitinous crescent ; its breadth in the middle rather greater than the length of the plates. Hab., on Myrtus (Blepharocalyx) tweedii; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Von Zhering, No. 45). I presume it infests the twigs, but the specimens sent were detached and in alcohol. The glassy covering is very fragile, and in every specimen was broken; in several altogether lost. This remarkable coccid should form the type of a new genus, but is now placed in a sub-genus of Zecanium as a matter of convenience and to indicate its relationships. At first sight one would take it for a highly specialized form, the end of the branch of subglobose neotropical species. But it shows curious resemblances to several genera and species, and for this reason might be thought a primitive type. The arrangement of the anogenital structures seems rather like that of LZ. baccatum, but that is believed to have a hairless anogenital ring. The broadened form, with median groove, and the lack of legs in the adult, strongly suggest Physokermes. Vhe derm, however, is not tessellate. The glassy covering recalls at once /zg/isza, but it does not show the ‘“‘air-cells” of that genus. The way in which the glassy covering is formed suggests Fazrmazria. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 ON THE CABBAGE-SHAPED GALL OF CECIDOMYIA SALICIS- BRASSICOIDES, AND ITS OCCUPANTS. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. On July 9, 1892, I found in the Grand Canon, Arizona, on the Hance trail, near the Colorado River, numbers of the green galls of this species on the narrow-Jeafed Sa/ix sp. (probably S. longifolia). Three that were picked on this date measure 19 to 20 mm. in length, and 11 mm. in width on widest portion near base. They preserve their light green colour, except for their whitish, thick pubescence. Some last year’s galls were also found in the canon on the willows near the stone cabin. “They measure 16 to 17 mm. in length, and ro to 11 mm. in width. They are more spread out apically ; therefore not conical in outline, and are reddish-brown in colour, probably from being weathered. Three galls of this species, from West Cliff, Colorado, sent me by Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, measure only 13 to 14 mm. in length, by 8 to 94 mm. in greatest width, near base. They are well cone-shaped, but reddish-brown in colour save for the grayish external pubescence. These are mentioned by Mr. Cockerell in Zxtom., 1890, p. 280. Green galls of this cecid were found near Las Cruces, August 21, 1892, in great numbers on Salix longifolia along the aceguia madre in the Alameda. © They were little more than one-half inch long at this date, and were borne in numerous dense clusters of a dozen or more each. On Nov. 13 and 14, 1892, over 200 of these galls were picked from the willows in the above locality. Many of the clusters were on twigs that had died, showing that the galls kill the new growth to a considerable extent. Some were found on topmost twigs of the willow ro feet high, while others were within 3 or 4 feet of the ground and frequently in masses. One thick bunch contained 21 galls. Eight of the smaller sizes and seven of the larger, selected from these 200 galls, measure as follows :— LENGTH. WIDTH. _LENGTH, WIDTH, 6 by oe mm, 15 by to mm. 7 M 5M WV 17 " 1i '" 7 " 6 " 18 " | ie) " Smaller} 7 6% Larger yeas) 3 " Galls.) 9 1 6% u Galls. i Ve ie Deze tt a " 20 RI LO " 13 " 8% " 22 ‘ 10% i 14 " 7 " 206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The above include the smallest and largest. The smallest are not fully developed, and lack the tapering tip; while the longest depend for their length on this tip being well elongated, since it will be seen that the width of the larger ones is more nearly equal. The smaller galls, while varying in length 8 mm., vary in width 3% mm. But the larger ones, while varying in length 7 mm., vary in width only 2 mm. Of these 200 galls, thirteen were opened on Nov. 13, the same day collected. Six contained the plump, perfectly white larva; while the other seven contained smaller light brown, elongate puparia enclosing a transformed’ hymenopterous parasite alive and ready to emerge. One of the parasites which was pulled from its puparium moved its legs and showed signs of life. The galls containing these hymenopterous puparia were the most dried ones in appearance, and were on dead branches. This parasite seems to remain transformed within its puparium in the centre of the galls all winter, issuing in the early spring. Specimens were bred and identified by Mr. Ashmead as /latygaster obscuripennts, Ashm. On March 16, 1893, four of the cecids were found issued and dead ; while there was a number of the parasites issued, and only one or two of these dead, most of them being very active and one pair in coitu. Up to March 24, 1893, one more cecid had issued, making five cecids in all; while of the parasites ten had issued. In issuing, the cecids some- times, if not frequently, leave their pupa-skins sticking by the abdominal portion in the tip of the cone-like gall. On April g, 1893, 30 more cecids were found issued and dead, 2 more alive, and 2 blackish pupz issued from galls. Nota single parasite had issued since March 24, but live one appeared April 9. The following are descriptions of the occupants of this gall :—Larva of Cecidomyia salicis-brassicoides.—Length, 2 3-5 to 314 mm.; width, 13-5 to 2 mm. Colour perfectly pure white originally, changed by immersion in alcohol to rosy or pale orange. Oblong-oval in form, plump, fleshy, apodous, consisting of 13 segments. Head rather sunken and retracted within anterior end of body, little more than one-third width of next segment; latter hardly more than one-half width of third segment, which in turn is considerably narrower than fourth, and the fourth is narrower than fifth. ‘These segments are all about the same length so far as length is appreciable in their partially retracted condition. Segments 6 to 8 are very slightly wider than 5, nearly equal in width, “I THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20 segment 7 being the widest portion of body. Segments 6 to ro are nearly equal in length and much longer than segment 5, but segments 7 and 8 are equal and slightly the longest in the body. Segments g to r1 are gradually narrowed aud successively slightly shortened, 12 and 13 being much more narrowed and more or less retracted within posterior end of body. Whole integument bare, with a minutely rugose-appearing surface. Anal segment with a perpendicular median wrinkle on lower half ; twelfth segment bearing above on posterior margin a pair of minute short horn-like prolongations of the integument, projecting transversely inward towards each other, the tip of each pale brownish. Mouth parts appearing as a pale brownish spot in centre of capital segment, with a minute brownish dot on each side at edge of it. Breastbone pale brownish, nearly as wide as long, or narrowed on basal half or more, with a pair of 2-jointed palpus-like organs on terminal portion, the tip of each minutely darker at the suture dividing the two joints, the basal joint stout and rather elongate subconical, the terminal joint minute and very short conical. Described from six specimens, taken from galls on November 13th. Puparium of Platygaster obscuripennis, Ashm. (containing transformed adult).—Length, 2 3-5 to 2 4-5 mm.; width posteriorly, 1 to 1 1-5 mm.; width anteriorly, about 3-5 mm. Colour light yellowish-brown, appearing dark brown where the adult shows within. Subcylindrical, gradually narrowed and subtruncate anteriorly, rounded oval posteriorly. Surface of whole integument minutely punctured. Circular surface of plate of anterior subtruncate end somewhat wrinkled and roughened, witha small central lighter-coloured tubercle, and with an organ on lower edge of plate forraing part of integument and bearing a striking’ resemblance to the breastbone of the cecid, but probably representing the mouth parts of the hymenopterous larva. Described from four specimens taken from galls, Nov. 13. Adult of P. obscuripennis.—Length, 1 4-5 to 2 2-5 mm. Wholly shining black, legs pale brownish except most of femora and sometimes part of tibiz black. Wings nearly transparent, very faintly smoky, reaching beyond abdomen, thickly and minutely short hairy. Mr. Ashmead also identified a second parasite bred from this cecid as Decatoma sp. 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA OF CERTAIN TENTHREDINID&. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A.M. NEW YORK. (Continued from page 196.) Eighth stage.—Head shining black, yellowish punctured around the mouth, antennz yellowish; eye and jaws black ; width, 1.8 mm. Body ochreous yellow, 6-annulate with irregular quadrate sub-dorsal (two per segment) and lateral (one per segment) black spots, confluent on joint 13; sub-ventral ridge faintly discoloured ; anal plate blackish. No white secretion. The larve do not feed in this stage, but seek for soft wood in which they bore their galleries for pupation. Eight stages is probably the least number which these larve have. I have found them with the following widths of head:—2.2 mm., 2.45 mm, 2.9mm. ‘This indicates that they may have as many as eleven stages, perhaps in the case of large females. Acordulecera dorsalis, Say. Determined by Mr. MacGillivray. Only on the very young leaves of the black oak, eating the whole leaf down irregularly. Sitting flat on the venter, but holding on by the thoracic feet, and flap up the abdominal portion when disturbed. Feet on joints 6-11, 13, but very small, nearly aborted, none of them used ; thoracic feet large. Body smooth, stiff as if inflated, shining colourless, the food showing green. Segments marked into 4 annulets by creases, not incised. Sub-ventral fold prominent, in the centre of the segment, giving the outline a fluted appearance. Trachez very evident. Head colourless, tinged with blackish, or with brownish in the last growing stage (width, .8 mm.), especially below ; a little fine pile ; eye black, mouth brown. Last stage.—The larve moult and enter the ground ; colour faintly bluish, less transparent and with distinct blackish dots in three transverse rows per segment. Head grayish-tinted ; width,.8 mm. Body smooth, a little shiny, sub-ventral folds scarcely prominent. flylotoma McLeayi, Leach. I was much surprised to find that the larvee which produced flies of this species were totally different from those described by Norton (Trans, Am, Ht. Soe, 1V., 78, 1872):* *I have seen the larvee which he describes, but their structure and position are like those of the species of Emphytus which I have bred. My larve died. { L THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 Larve abundant on wild cherry (Prunus serotina) at Woods’ Holl, Mass., often gregarious, sitting on the edge of the leaf, the body held down close to it. The abdominal feet, though small, are used. Lggs.—Laid is a series of saw-cuts along the edge of the leaf between the upper and lower epidermis, the series often extending from the middle to apex of the leaf. Incisions nearly circular, open on the edge, slightly swollen; 1.2 mm. in diameter. There appear to be eight larval stages, but I have not observed the early ones. fourth stage.-—About as in the next stage, but smaller and the tubercles quite indistinct except sub-ventrally, owing to their small size and pale colour. They hardly appear more than blackish spots. Colour pale, more of a honey-yellow than the mature larva, a greenish shade from the alimentary canal. Width of head, 1.1 mm. Fifth stage—Head shining brownish-black without depressions ; width, 1.4 mm. Tubercles greenish-biack, less distinct than finally. Joints 2 and r2 appear yellow, as the green shade from the alimentary canal is interrupted there. Sixth stage.—Width of head, 1.75 mm. ‘There is very little change ; the tubercles gradually become larger and darker coloured. Seventh stage.-—Width of head of g,1.75 mm.; of 9, 2.2 mm. Much as in the next stage. Eighth stage.—Head full at vertex, evenly rounded, sutures obscure; smooth, shining black with four dents in front ; ocellus depressed ; width: dé, 1.75 mm.; 2, 2.2 mm. Body large, full, with sub-ventral folded ridge. Thoracic feet large and strong, abdominal ones small, present on joints 6 to 11 and 13 with a very rudimentary pair on joint 12. Segments obscurely 3-annulate. Body orange-yellow or yellow, with a diffuse greenish shade from the alimentary canal. Thoracic feet except at joints, , abdominal feet outwardly, suranal plate and the rather large (o.2 mm, diameter), round, minutely setiferous tubercles, shining black. The tubercles are low, rounded, smooth, each with a central, short, black seta. They are arranged in three rows on each segment, nine on each side in a square above the sub-ventral fold, with one or two little ones just posterior to the spiracle ; on sub-ventral ridge a single elongate, slightly oblique one, bearing six or more sete ; three in the anterior row ventrally, but only one in the two posterior rows, The arrangement is somewhat modi- = 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — alone — _ fied at the extremities. Spiracles black. At the end of this stage the larve empty their intestinal canals and spin cocoons on the surface of the ground without moulting. Cocoon entirely of yellow silk, double, the outer layer of coarse meshes, the inner thinner and more compact. Larve in July; the flies emerged the following April. In the last moult there is no increase in the size of the head, but the larvee feed in the last stage. The ¢ larve are smaller than the ?, and their heads do not enlarge at the moult before the last, so they possess the anomalous character of having three stages with- out any growth of the head. I have never observed anything of this kind in the Lepidoptera, perhaps owing to their very different manner of moult- ing. In the saw-flies the old head is split at each moult, as in the Lepi- doptera at pupation only, and the new one has to grow after the moulting instead of largely before it, as in the Lepidoptera. Hylotoma pectoralis, Leach. The red-headed birch saw-fly. A general description of this larva has been given by Rev. T. W. Fyles (Can. Enr., XVIII., 38). I have a few details to add. Found on the black birch ( Betuda /enta) at Woods’ Holl, Mass, and Plattsburgh, N. Y.; also common on the white birch ( Betula papyrifera) at Keene Valley, N. Y. Eggs.—Laid in a series of saw-cuts along the edge of the leaf between the upper and lower epidermis, producing slight swellings 1.5 mm, in diameter. The eggs are soft and white. The number of larval stages was not exactly determined, but what evidence I have leads me to believe that there are eight, and I shall describe them on that basis. First stage.-—Head reddish ; width .6 mm. Body essentially as in the next stage (Keene Valley). Second stage.— Head shining black, a little paler at sutures, round, about as high as wide, dented at clypeus ; width, about.7 mm. ‘Thoracic feet black, except at the joints. Body as in the next stage, but the pili- ferous dots much smaller and so less distinct (Woods’ Holl). Third stage-—Head light reddish-brown, shining, clypeus slightly indented in black ; eye black in a black spot ; head well rounded, rather higher than wide, full at vertex ; width, .g mm. Thoracic feet large, largely black ; abdominal feet small, their bases black and corresponding spots on the apodal segments. Body shining yellowish-green, alimentary canal obscured ; segments hardly annulate, but with three rows of large eae fr THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AGL black spots (three per segment), besides the oblique black mark on sub- ventral ridge and minute ventral dots anterior to the legs ; all bear short, stiff, black sete. Fifth stage.-—Head clear light orange-red, shining, minutely sparsely black pilose; eye on black spot; width, 1.4mm. Abdominal feet on joints 6-ro and 13, small with indications of feet also on joints 11 and 12; thoracic ones pale with slight black marks. Body as before ; anal plate black. Sixth stage. —Head well rounded, full at vertex, but narrowing to a central apex ; sutures obsolete, but four dents in front indicate clypeus ; shining light red with a few black sete; eye black; width, 1.8 mm. Body cylindrical, of nearly even width to joint 13, which is a little smaller; abdominal feet, corresponding spots on the apodal segments and anal plate black ; no cervical shield: thoracic feet pale brownish. Segments not annulate, shining green, yellowish laterally ; nine large elevated rounded black spots, .2 mm. in diameter, in a square on each side above the stigmatal line on each segment, one below posteriorly to the spiracle, and several small ones on the conspicuous, obliquely divided sub-ventral ridge ; a small black patch at base of abdominal feet 7-10 and minute ventral spots. Anal feet pale orange. A series of round medio-ventral orange spots, almost between the feet on joints 7-2. Seventh stage.—Width of head, 2.2 mm. (1.8 mm. in male ?). Much as before throughout, but the black spots are larger (.25 mm.), shining blue-black.* * * * * * Cocoon.—Double, open reticular, of yellow silk, the outer layer of large meshes ; spun at the surface of the ground. Lophyrus Lecontet, Fitch. Gregarious, eating down the needles of the pine. When disturbed, the larvee raise the thoracic feet and eject a white fluid from their mouths. Head light red, eye and mouth black ; width: ¢, 1.8 mm.; ?, 2.2 mm. ‘Thoracic feet rather small, black except at the joints. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet), all well-developed. Body rather greenish-white, nearly opaque, slightly shining ; segments not very distinctly 4-annulate, with rows of microscopic black spinules on the * The eighth stage was not noted. It probably escaped observation, as there should be no increase in size of the head, and I neglected to isolate one larva, 2413, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. first, second and fourth annulets. A series of sub-dorsal, sooty black patches, tapering posteriorly, varying in different individuals. The two rows approach each other posteriorly, and on joint 13 form a single, large, quadrate patch anterior to the pale suranal rim ; spots partially broken between the annulets, A similar lateral row of sub-quadrate spots ; a smaller one on sub-ventral ridge, and a small spot above base of each abdominal foot, except toward the extremities of the body. Venter immaculate. At maturity the larvee moult, leave the trees and form their reddish- brown cocoons at the surface of the ground. Head shining sordid white with a blackish shade all over the vertex and part way down the sides, not on the clypeus; sutures evident, eye in a black spot ; mouth red ; width as before. Body sordid white, 6-annulate, slightly shining ; alimen- tary canal empty. Black spots as before, but not sooty, slightly shining and minutely white-dotted. Thoracic feet slightly blackish or wholly watery-whitish. Found on Pinus rigida and P. Banksiana at Woods’ Holl, Mass., in August. Flies emerged the following spring. This was determined by Mr. MacGillivray as Lophyrus Leconte: (7); but as the larva corresponds with Riley’s description, I have left off the mark of doubt. Imago.— ¢. Shining black, a ventral band and tip of abdomen rufous ; all the femora, tibiae and tarsi rufous, the anterior legs palest. Veins and stigma pale brownish ; hind wings smoky outwardly ; antennze 21-jointed. 2. Reddish; sides of thorax above wings and abdomen, except at tip, black ; a black shade below sub-ventrally, especially on abdomen and on anterior femora; antenne black, 21-jointed. Cross-nervure of lance- olate cell hardly oblique. The following synopsis will separate the larvee of Lophyrus at present described in works to which I have access :— Larva without spots ; head black (Abies)........ LZophyrus abietis. Larva with angular black spots. Head black, no sub-ventral spots (Pinus Strobus) <. 22s sev eohe ede seme e sone e ee OD Ayu see annua Head red; small sub-ventral black spots (Pinus rigida, SUC). es ohare Be hee eee Pe ee Peake oO) es ee oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213 THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. XII. THe Hypropuilipa& of ONTARIO AND QUEBEC (concluded). This paper can scarcely be considered in any sense an original one, since it consists almost entirely of tables published in greater detail by Dr. Horn in his reviews of this portion of the Hydrophilide. By removing the extra-limital forms, I have been able in some cases to modify the synopses so as to make them a little easier to follow, and it is hoped that they will prove of use to many students of the Canadian fauna who may.not see the more complete originals. With this prelude, which will place the credit where it properly belongs, we may proceed. PHILHYDRUS, Sol. With this genus ‘commences a Series of less convex and usually shining black species, which are common along the edges of ponds and creeks, rising to the surface, after the manner of the Helophori, when the water is agitated. Some of them resemble each other very closely, but may be thus distinguished : A. Above paler, testaceous to pale piceous. b. Prosternum distinctly carinate (.14-.18 in.).. . .zebudosus, Say. bb. Prosternum not carinate. c. Mesosternal lamina very feeble, the anterior edge without distinct angle (.14-.16 in.)............ochraceus, Mels. cc. Mesosternal lamina prominent, with distinct angle. Thorax piceous on the disk (.16-.22 in.). Zamz/tonz, Horn. Thorax entirely testaceous (.18-.24 in.)....diffusus, Lec. AA. Above black or piceous black, margin sometimes pale. d. Transversely very convex ; larger species. Thorax and elytra with pale border (.26-.28 in.).céuctus, Say. No pale border present (.28-.32 in.)..........comsors, Lec. dd. Sub-depressed ; smaller species (.16-.22 in.)..perplexus, Lec. HELocHARES, Muls. Contains 47%, maculicollis, Muls.: .16-.22 in. long; yellowish or testaceous above, with a rather large piceous thoracic spot; head more or less piceous. FElytra with two series of coarse punctures on each (situated on the fifth and ninth intervals), and with ten moderately deep impressed striz. 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Cymplopyra, Bedel. Form very broadly oval; serial punctures of elytra distinct at sides C2628 IN ikes «3s b «4 Sadpee haere ane ao Oa OMe a nee moe Form oval, serial punctures distinct (.18-.22 in.)........fimbriata, Mels. Form oblong, serial punctures wanting (.16-.18 in.)....../acustris, Lec. Hetocomesus, Horn. Contains a rather large species (/Z. dbifidus, Lec.), .22-.28 in. long, resembling the well-known //ydrobius fuscifes, \.., from which it may be separated by having the last joint of the maxillary palpi shorter than the preceding. Hyprosius, Leach. This name is now applied only to the larger species thereunder included in the Check List, the small ones going into Creniphilus, They separate thus : A. Brownish, elytra tessellate with darker (.28-.30 in.)..fessed/atus, Ziegl. AA. Black or piceous above. b. Form oblong, elytra striz distinct (.26-.32 1n.)..fusczpes, Linn. bb. Form short, very convex, elytra punctate in rows. Hind femora opaque and pubescent near base and along upper border ((.36 IMs)... 5.0 lielts dena «eo SZO00SUSSOay. Hind femora simply closely punctate near base, not pubes- CODY (534 Ine )une Bey yaaa als shop ahaa, oe Ee oe en CRENIPHILUS, Mots. Smaller than the preceding, and usually found about pools. In form they differ among themselves, but are usually elliptical in outline and very convex. In the following table the name /eminadis, Lec., is replaced by ¢xfuscatus, Mots.: A. Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide ; elytra narrowed behind, testdceous at sides (.c6-.08 in.)................su@turalts, lec. AA. Form ellipticai, convex, not much longer than wide. : Colour above brownish to ochraceous (.08 —.10 Ls) 4.2.2 erie 6S wee ee ee Ce eee COLE See note Colour above black or piceous, more or less bronzed. Presternum distinctly carinate (.06-.08 in.).swbcupreus, Say. Prosterntim simple (.10=.14 im)..4-<.......@2eestus, Lec: Cercyon, Leach. The species of this genus are mostly small; black or piceous, as a rule, and with more or less yellow on the tips of the elytra or sides of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 the thorax. They are found on the sea-coasts under debris of various sorts, or inland about decaying animal and vegetable matter. A number of the names on the Canadian lists do not appear in the synopsis, having been reduced to synonymy as follows: the name //mbatus gives way to lateralis, flavipes and nigricollis to melanocephalus, while centro- maculatus becomes nigriceps. ‘The figures of the metasternum are copied from Dr. Horn, and illustrate the characters on which the table is based. A. Mesosternal area median only (fig. 14, a). b. Thorax with incomplete basal line, elytra with large piceous post-median sutural spot (.12 in.).. ....uaipunctatus, Linn, bb. Thorax without basal line. c. Form oval, less convex, head oblique. d. Elytra with sharply limited yellowish apical space. Apical spot extending along sides (.10-.12 LY Te) 9 ses Shes Fades at eee aR aR ARE 7 pretextatus, Say. Apical spot not extending along sides Cos-iny)i senses =. ......0cellatus, Say. dd. Elytra indefinitely paler at apex. Elytra rufocastaneous, tip paler (.10o—.12 LI) yoeee een e es a haar au 7 ledee les CALEY ALES MATS Elytra piceous, paler at tip, eighth interval biseriately punctured (.10o-.12 in.)........¢distinctus, Horn. Elytra piceous, tip paler, eighth interval uniseriately punctured (.08-.10 in.)....... .. ...analis, Payk. cc. Form very short and convex, head vertical. surface opaque (.06 in.) ............... dugubris, Payk. Surface shining (.06 in.)........ ....#avicudaris, Zimm. AA. Metasternal area laterally extended (fig. 15, b). e. Thorax entirely black ; no basal line. f. Elytra piceous with pale apex, vary- ing to castaneous ; surface distinct- ly punctulate (.10-.12 in.).... . ....hemorrhoidalis, Fabr. ff. Elytra reddish, scutellar triangle and humeral stripe piceous. Palp1 pale, epipleuree piceous (.08.-.10 TRL c cov) es'dele tos ianets oe e's) via ng MIRAI CEPVEGHES ;: TalN, Palpi with last joint piceous, epipleurz pale (05.-.08 Sle RV ethaie> Wis yrsl suet nes rath eee es WR ene Ree ENR ens. EET, 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ee. Thorax pale at sides, basal line distinct. Elytra pale with transverse piceous post-median band GOs 08 ID aeeer end ...migriceps, Marsh. SPH2RIDIUM, Fabr. S. scarabcoides, Linn., has twice been reported from Canada, once in considerable numbers. It is a shining black insect about .25 in. long, the elytra with a reddish basal spot and a much larger terminal one. The colour varies a great deal in European specimens, but the species can easily be separated from any American Spheeridiini by its large size. ‘The figure (fig. 16) is made from an English specimen. MEGASTERNUM, Muls. M. posticatum, Mann., has been (perhaps erroneously) recorded here. It is about .o8 in. long, convex, blackish, subopaque, elytra paler at tip, the sides of the thorax and a humeral spot less distinctly so. Elytra finely striate, striae punctured indistinctly at middle, plainly at sides and apex. Legs rufopiceous. CRYPTOPLEURUM, Muls. C. minutum, Fabr. (vagaus, Lec.), represents the genus in Canada and may be known by the generic character given in the table in addition to its small size—.o8 in.—rather deeply striate elytra, which are pale at apex and often also at sides, and the sparse pubescence, which is however, often rubbed off in old or poorly-preserved specimens. The principal works available for the study of the North American Hydrophilidz are:— 1855. Leconte, J. L., Synopsis of the Hydrophilidz of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VIL, pp. 356-375. 1873. Horn, Geo. H., Revision of the genera and species of the tribe Hydrobiini. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII:, pp. 118-137. 1876. Horn, Geo. H., Synoptic tables of some genera of Coleoptera, with notes and synonymy. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., V., pp. 246-252. 1878. Leconte, J. L., and Schwarz, A. E., The Coleoptera of Florida. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVII, pp. 353-472 (Cyclonotum and Ochthebius). 1890. Horn, Geo. H., Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVIJI., pp. 17-26. 1890. Horn, Geo. H., Notes on some Hydrobiini of Boreal America, 1. Cy PP. 237-278. ae 1890. Horn, Geo. H., A revision of the Sphzeridiuni inhabiting Boreal America, l. c., pp. 279-314. > LIST 2931. 2951. 2952. 2953- 3058. 3262. TOFS: 3316. 3348. 3363. 3366. 3382. 3384. 3480. 3662. 3699. 3707. 3709. 3727- 3765. 3767. 3768. HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 OF COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT MASSETT, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, B. C. BY REV. J. H. KEEN. (Continued from page 172.) Ptenidium pullum, Makl.—Not rare. In grass tufts in winter. Trichopteryx xanthocera, Matth.—Rare. Under log in February. Trichopteryx parallelopipeda, Matth.—Rare. In grass tufts in February. Trichopteryx. diffinis, Matth.—Common in November in seed pods of foxglove. Trichopteryx (?).—Numerous. Coccinella 9-notata, Hbst.—Abundant in summer. Emerge from pupal state during July. Coxelus pacificus, Horn.—Rare under bark. Pediacus depressus, Hbst.—Ground ; 7th May, 18gr. Cucujus puniceus, Mann.—Occurs sparingly under bark. Flies in May. Dendrophagus glaber, Lec.— Not rare ; under loose bark of fences. Henoticus serratus, Gyll—Abundant in decaying leaves and on skins. Cryptophagus, sp.—One only taken on dry skin. Atomaria planulata, Makl.—Four only, taken in rotten grass in July. Atomaria Kamtschatica, Mots.—In moss in February. Atomaria, n. sp.—Window ; one specimen taken. Hister foedatus, Lec.—One only taken, under rotten crab in garden in June. [Four taken subsequently. ] . Pyromalus mancus, Casey.—Two taken iz cop., March 3oth, in crevice of bark of spruce stump. Brachypterus troglodytes, Murray.—Numerous on nettles in May and June. Epurea ambigua, Mann.—Abundant in April under loose bark of felled spruce. Epurea fulvescens, Horn.—Not numerous. Berry bushes in June. Epureea truncate!la, Mann.—Common in July, under rotten turnips. Omosita colon, L.—Common during summer on hones. Rnizophagus sculpturatus, Mann.—Not rare, under loose bark. Rhizophagus dimidiatus, Mann.—Under loose bark. Rhizophagus brunneus, Horn.—One only in June on dry log. S292: 4065. 4152. 4218. 4266. 4391. 4433: 4441. 4451. 4451. 4546. 4785. 4g9ol. 4919. 4956. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stephostethus liratus, Lec.—Common on dry skins and leaves. Lathridius costicollis, teste Casey. Corticaria herbivagans, Lec.—Rare. In moss in February ; in rotten grass in April. Peltis pippingskoeldi, Mann.—One only in July. Peltastica tuberculata, Mann.—Common in larder, on bread, ete. Amphicyrta simplicipes, Mann.—Occasionally in moss at tree roots in winter. Simplocaria nitida, Mots.—Numerous in moss at tree roots all winter. Pedilophorus acuminatus, Mann.—Not rare. In moss during winter. Heterocerus tristis, Mann.—Common in summer on green patches covered by tide at high water. Eucinetus infumatus, Lec.—Occasionally in water-bits. Once occurred in large numbers under loose bark of decaying spruce (in January), where larva, pupe and adults were all represented, Eucinetus testaceus, Lec. (pale specimens)—Occurred with above- mentioned Eucinetus infumatus colony. Epiphanis cornutus, Esch.—Rare. On skins in July. Cryptohypnus musculus, Esch.—Rare. Under driftwood. Elater nigrinus, Payk.—Occasionally beaten from bushes under loose bark, 17 May, 1891. Megapenthes stigmosus, Lec.—Common during August. Athous ferruginosus, Esch.—Abundant in July and August. Corymbites resplendens, Esch.—Not rare. On wing during May. Corymbites furtivus, Lec. Corymbites caricinus, Germ.—-Frequent in June on spruce. Corymbites caricinus, Germ., var. umbricola, Esch.—Common on wing from May onwards. Seen zz copf., May 19. Corymbites spectabilis, Mann.—One only taken in July on wing. Throscus validus, Lec.—Common in windows in June. Never taken out of doors. Eros simplicipes, Mann,—Occasional. Flying during May. Podabrus_ piniphilus, Esch.—Common. Silis pallida, Manp..-Commonly swept from grass in June. Telephorus divisus, Lec.—Frequent.in May and June on green patches covered by tide at high water, ee eae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 919 5274. 5467. 5471. 5476. 5523- 5644. 5970: 5983. 6232. 6299. 6350. 6367. 7220, 7501. 7554. 7723: af pehes Pipes 7997: 8288. ° Hadrobregmus gibbicollis, Lec.—Rare. Taken on wing in July. Platycerus Keeni, Casey.—Only one colony found, under a drift- log on sandy beach in April. A few probably immature speci- mens still retained a slightly reddish tinge. About a dozen were taken. AXgialia cylindrica, Esch.—Numerous under driftwood in May. Afgialia crassa, Lec.—Under log on sandy beach, April 2oth. Numerous in summer, crawling on sand hills. Psammodius celatus, Lec.—Frequent under driftwood on beach. Aphodius ruricola, Mels—Common in excrement. Hoplia Sackenti, Lec., var.—One specimen only, found on ground. Asemum atrum, Esch.—Not common. Under bark and on wing in May. Opsimus quadrilineatus, Mann.—Found under bark in January. Opsimus quadrilineatus (black var.).—Not uncommon; under bark of spruce fences all winter. Rhagium lineatum, Oliv. Leptura obliterata, Hald. Leptura Behrensii, Lec.—Wing-cases only found. February 18 ; under loose spruce bark. Plectrura spinicauda, Mann.—Common on spruce during summer. Varies much in size. Phellopsis porcata, Lec.—-Rare. Two specimens only taken ; one under bark, the other in a window. Phaleria globosa, Lec.—Numerous in April, crawling on sand. Aégialites debilis, Mann.—Several taken together with the larve. Marolia Holmburghii.—Common from March onwards on spruce. Rhinosimus viridieneus, Rand,—Frequently beaten from spruce and other trees in April. Ditylus quadricollis, Lec.—Common under logs on sandy beach in June and July. Anaspis rufa, Say.—Common during summer on Umbeliifere. Dendroides ephemeroides, Mann.—Under alder bark. Not rare. Emerges from pupal form in July. Sciopithes obscurus, Horn.—Invariably from trees ; never on the ground. (See 8297.) Coamon during summer. Beaten from berry bushes. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . Geoderces melanothrix, Kirby.—Under chips on the ground in great numbers and seldom on trees. (See 8288.) . Trichalophus didymus, Lec.—Not common. Under logs and in rotton grass. Emphyastes fucicola, Mann.—Occurs but seldom, but then in great numbers. Under logs half buried in sand, during spring. . Plinthus carinatus, Boh.—Our commonest weevil. Under logs. Pissodes costatus, Mann.—Not common. Beaten from spruce in April. . Phycoccetes testaceus, Lec.—Not rare. Under drift-logs on beach in spring. . Trachodes ptinoides, Germ.—Common. Under drift-logs on beach in spring. Seen zz cof., June 2nd, . Trachodes 4-tuberculatus, Mots.—Not common. Found in July. Occasionally in moss at tree roots in winter. . Trachodes horridus, Mann.—Common, under logs, Elassoptes marinus, Horn.—Found in extensive colonies under drift-logs in May. Rhyncolus brunneus, Mann.—Not rare ; in rotten wood. Rhyncolus, n. sp.—Rare ; under driftwood on sandy beach in May and June. Pityophthorus nitidulus, Mann.—Not rare. Xyloterus bivittatus, Kirby,—Occurs sparingly on newly-cut logs and in moss at tree roots in winter. Dryoccetes autographus, Ratz.—Under spruce bark. . Xylocleptes concinnus, Mann.—Very numerous in newly-fallen timber. Micracis hirtella, Lec.—Not rare. Hylesinus sericeus, Mann.—Not uncommon in dead bark. Dendroctonus rufipennis, Kirby, var. obesus (black form).—Fairly numerous in bark of newly-cut timber. Dolurgus pumilus, Mann.—Common in spruce bark. Hylurgops glabratus.—Common under spruce. Euscaphurus saltator, Casey —Common on under side of logs in damp places. [3987. Dascyllide. | Ty THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA—VII. BY CARL. F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. The following list embraces all described species of the order Siphon- aptera. For descriptions of all species known at the present time, see the preceding papers of this series, where will also be found a partial bibliography. For the complete bibliography and synonymy of all species published up to 1880, see Taschenberg’s Die Flohe. Order SIPHONAPTERA, Latr. . Family Sarcopsyllide, Tschb. Genus Sarcopsylla, West. I. 5. penetrans, 1. 2. S. gallinacea, West. 3. S. grossiventris, Weyenb. Genus Rhiynchopsylla, Haller. 4. R. pulex, Haller. Family Vermipsyllide, Wagner. Genus Vermipsylla, Schimk. 5. V. alacurt, Schimk. Family Pulicide, Tschb. Genus Pudex, Linn. 6. P. kerguelensis, Tschb. 20. P. ignotus, Baker. 7. P. tuberculaticeps, Bezzi. 21. P. hirsutus, Baker. 8. P. globiceps, Tschb. 22. P. Bruneri, Baker. g. P. pallidus, Tschb. 23. P. sciurorum, Bouche. 10. P. simulans, Baker. 24. P. melis, Walk. 11. P. irritans, L. 25. P. longispinus, Baker. 12. P. echidne, Denny. 26. P. montanus, Baker. 13. P. avium, Tschb. 27, P. pencilliger, Grube. 14. P. glacialis, Tschb. 28. P. metallescens, Kol. 15. P. Wickhami, Baker. 29. P. gigas, Kirby. 16, P. Gillettei, Baker. 30. P. serraticeps, Gerv. 17. P. fasciatus, Bosc. 31. P. erinacei, Bouche. 18. P. Howardii, Baker. 32. P. ineequalis, Baker. 1g. P. coloradensis, Baker. 33. P. goniocephalus, Tschb. Genus Hystrichopsylia, Tschb. 34. H. obtusiceps, Ritsema. Genus Stephanocircus, Skuse. 35- S. dasyuri, Skuse. 222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Genus Zyphlopsylla, Vschb. 36. T. unipectinata, Tschb. 42... ..caucasica, send: 37. T. octactenus, Kol. 43. ‘I. assimilis, ‘schb. 38. T. hexactenus, Kol. 44. ‘Il. gracilis, Tschb. 39. T. pentactenus, Kol. 45. I. fraterna, Baker. ao. T: dictenus, Kol. 46. T. alpina, Baker. 41. T. musculi, Duges. 47. T. americana, Baker. THE GENERIC TYPES INCLUDED IN APATELA. BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. In 1875-6 I pointed out that the earliest name for the genus, which is commonly called ‘“ Acronycta” by authors, is Apateca, Hubn., 1806 ; the type and sole species cited in the Tentamen being the European A. aceris. My attempts to group the American species and bring them into correspondence with the European forms under subgeneric titles are unsatisfactory, as I have not been able to compare sufficiently the European species in all stages with our own. I have thought it useful to give here a list of the generic names used by me with their types, These latter must be carefully studied in any revision of the group, so that the natural limits of the divisions can be ascertained. In view of the fact that the larvee differ quite strongly in different species, these peculiarities having probably arisen under adaptation to mode of life and environ- ment, also from mimicry, it will be interesting to correlate the groups by characters drawn from all the stages. At the same time it will be safer to found subgeneric divisions only upon peculiarities, however slight, offered by the moths alone. APATELA. 1806. Hubn., Tent. 1, acev?s. Sole species and therefore type. 1816. Ochs. 4, 62, refers aces7s with thirteen other species to the genus Acronicta, and cites Hubner’s Afpate/e as synonymous. After- wards the name is credited to Stephens or Ochsenheimer, and Hubner’s connection with the name is overlooked. 1875. Grt., Bull. B.S. N. H. 2, 213, refers the N. Am. species hitherto placed under Acronycta to Apate/a and designates aceris as the type. ACRONICTA. 1816. Ochs. 4, 62: /eporina with thirteen other species. 1818. Hubn., Verz. 201: /eporina and bradyporina alone, thus restricting the term. a | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223 1874. Grt., List Noct. 7, takes /eporina as the type. This name, altered in spelling to “ Acronycta,” is used generally by authors for the entire genus, but it should be restricted to the group indicated by me, Papilio, 3, 68, of which the European Zeforina is typical, and to which our American /epusculdina, felina and vulpina appear to belong. HYBoMaA. 1818. Hubn, Verz. 200: strigosa and unicornis. The latter is a Notodontian belonging to Schizura,and strigosa should apparently be taken as type. I have not compared the species and do not know whether it has allies in the American fauna or not. TRIAENA. 1818. Hubn., Verz. 200: psi, cuspis, tridens, tritona and an undescribed species. 1883. Grt., Papilio, 3, 67: designates fs as type and refers here as well a number of American species. ‘This group has been treated by some European authors as of structural value (consult Guen. Spec. Géneral). | Occidentalis is a typical representative American species. JOCHEAERA. 1818. Hubn.,, Verz. 201: a/ni. Sole species and therefore type. 1883. Grt., Papilio, 3, 111: designates a/uz as type and refers here our North American funeradis. PHARETRA. 1818. Hubn., Verz. 202: Auricoma and menyanthidis. The type may be taken as auricoma. By a singular error I have taken this species as the type of the subgenus Apate/a in Papilio, 3, 115, repeating the mistake in Can. Env., XVII., 94, where I have written “auricoma” in the text instead of ‘‘aceris” on vage 94, the latter species being, from the context, evidently the one intended. In the list of species (p. 96) I have again wrongly used Afate/a for the subgenus instead of Pharetra. The species in our fauna there cited are assumed by me to belong to the group of auricoma, and this seems certainly to be in part probable. ARCTOMYSCIS. 1818. Hubn., Verz. 202: aceris, euphorbia, esule, euphrasia, cyparissia, megacephala, 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1883. Grt., Papilio 3, 113, takes ewphrasie as type, and refers the North American sferata as belonging here. The genus, as proposed by Hubner, has mixed contents, and it seems quite certain that acer/s is not structurally identical with ewphrasie. Two names proposed by myself: mevolonche with the type spznea, and Eulonche with the type ob/inita, may be assumed, with but little doubt, as being of generic importance. There remain to be considered AZeg- acronicta With the type americana, probably distinct structurally from either aceris or leporina; Lepitoreuma with the type ovata, and Mastiphanes with the type xyliniformis. None of these groups seem to be repre- sented in Europe, so far as my studies of the European species allow me to judge at present. The larval forms of these subgeneric types will throw some light on the phylogeny of the group, but are perhaps chiefly interesting as illustrating the range of character shown by the independent larval stage. BOOK NOTICES. RaMBLES IN ALPINE VaLLeys, by J. W. Tutt, F.E.S.; 208 pages, 5 plates. London: Swan, Sonnenschien & Co, (Price, 3s. 6d.) The editor of the “ Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Varia- tion” has added another to his popular books on the beauties of Nature. This time he takes the reader abroad to the lovely scenery of Switzerland, on the Italian slopes of Mont Blanc, where he wanders for the most part out of the beaten track of the ordinary tourist. Much of the volume is filled with charming pen-pictures of the infinite variety of grandeur and beauty to be found among the lofty mountain tops, the towering crags, the densely-wooded ravines and the dashing torrents of this secluded Alpine region. The eye of the naturalist does not fail to observe the marvellous variety of animal and vegetable life that is to be found in this limited area, and the author describes many a plant and flower, and especially the gay butterflies and pretty moths with which the region abounds. Some of the most interesting passages are those that deal with the phenomena of variation caused by environment, the results of the glacial epoch in the distribution of species, the effect of altitude on plants and insects, the evolution of the genus Co/zas, the production of colours, the causes of hibernation, and other topics which arise from time to time as the author rambles through the valleys or climbs the Alpine hills. The perusal of such a book as this must help the reader to see and observe, and lead him on to think out for himself the causes and the objects of the life that everywhere surrounds him, THE CANADIAN« ENTOMOLOGIST. 225 List OF NorTH AMERICAN EUPTEROTID#, PTILODONTID&, THYATIRID&, APATELIDA AND AGROTIDZ: By A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., ABHANDLUNGEN DES NATURINSSENSCHAFTLICHEN VEREINS ZU BREMEN., VOL. XIV., 1895. In this list are given, besides the usual series of names and synonyms, the habitat of each species, the dates of the genera with their synonyms, and the family and generic types. ‘‘ The present list aims to give the proper application of the oldest generic names and to fix the exact type.” Therefore, certain changes are made from the accepted nomenclature, which we may briefly notice. Ptilodontide for Notodontide, from the Ptilodonte of Hubner, which appears to be the oldest application for this family. In the family certain generic changes are made. Chatfieldia, Grt., n. gen. to include Phersia simplaria and P. basitriens; Ptilodon, Hubn., to replace Lophopteryx, Steph.; Eunystalea, Grt., n. gen. to include ystalea indiana. Lochmaeus and Seirodonta are recognized as valid genera. In the Thyatiride, Persiscota, Grt., n. gen. to include Zuthyatira lorata, semicircularis and candida. The Apatelide include those genera formerly known as Bombycoide. The definition of the family appears to rest upon larval characters, and we should expect to find in it only those species of noctuidz which have ‘“‘ Bombycid” (¢. e. Arctian) larve —that is, with the abdominal feet equally developed and the tubercles converted into warts. The larvee of several of our genera are still unknown, but Mr. Grote includes Raphia among his Apatelide, though the larva has the two anterior pair of feet smaller than the other, and the sete perfectly simple and single throughout its life-history. On the other hand some of the genera at the head of the next family should probably be placed among the Apatelide. This is certainly the case with J/icro- coelia fragilis, the larva of which I discovered last year. Mr. Grote uses the name Apatela, Hubn., instead of Acronycta. The name Agrotide is proposed for the customary Noctuidz, as the term Noctua is preoccupied in Birds. The list is not complete in this family. ‘The subfamilies Catocaline and Deltoidine are not given.” Under Agrotis the genitalic divisions of Prof. Smith are given subgeneric value only, a proceeding which commends itself to the present reviewer. For |/Noctua,the Hubnerian term Amathes is employed ; for Rhizagrotis, Smith, Ogygia, Hubn. For further details the list itself may profitably be consulted. Harrison G, Dyar, 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Beettes oF New ENGLAND AND THEIR KIND; a guide to know them readily. By Edward Knobel. Boston: Bradlee Whidden, 18 Arch street. (Price, 50 cents.) Every collector of insects naturally desires to obtain the names of the specimens that he has procured. Any work that will help him in this respect is to be welcomed, and no doubt many a beginner will be glad to know of this cheap ‘‘ Guide to Beetles,” whose brief descriptions and hundreds of wood cuts will enable him to identify many of the conspicuous specimens that he meets with. It is a praiseworthy attempt to popularize the collecting of insects, and will, we trust, encourage many after they have found out the names to go on and study the life-history and structure of these interesting creatures. It implies a singular want of care to find that so many of the names are incorrectly spelt, when a reference to Henshaw’s List would so easily have prevented a defect of this kind. NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES. Years ago, when Mr. Edwards made his interesting experiments with chrysalids of Phyciodes tharos by exposing them to a low degree of temperature, artificially produced, the results obtained in the way of suffusion in the butterflies emerging from them led one to look for like results from similar out-of-door exposure. The climatic conditions this year in this locality were especially favourable for such results. A period of unprecedented heat, from May 13-18, was followed by a cold wave of a week’s duration, accompanied by two frosts. On the second of June If found a specimen of P. ¢#aros fresh from the chrysalis and much suffused, the ground colour of the wings above being almost black, with a thin sprinkling of orange-coloured scales and two or three orange-coloured spots near the base of each, and a sub- marginal row of orange-coloured crescents on the secondaries. It is considerably darker than any figured by Mr. Edwards on Plate II. of Phyciodes in his “ Butterflies of North America.” The capture is interesting, as the specimen must have been in the chrysalis state during the cold period. On the 30th of May I took a fresh specimen of Feniseca Targuinius in Malden, and another on the 17th of June in Wollaston. Both of these localities are within three miles of Boston. So far as I know these are the first instances of its capture in Mass., east of the Connecticut River valley. —_Se ss = «Fr ” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 22 During June, I also took in Wollaston three specimens of AmbZy- scirtes samoset, an exceedingly rare insect in this vicinity. Wollaston, Mass. FRANK H. SPRAGUE. r Mr. James Walker reports the capture of Zhecla acadica at Orillia, in the middle of July. Mr. J. Alston Moffat states that Argynnis Atlantis has for the first time been taken at London at the end of June and during July; it has also been abundant at Sarnia and Windsor. CORRESPONDENCE. MELSHEIMER’S SACK BEARER, Mr. C. G. Anderson has contributed of his own capture, a fine specimen, and the first in the Society’s collection, of that interesting, and, with me, rare moth Lerophora Melsheimerii, Harris. I have never met with it in my collecting. I have often found its cases and living larva within when beating bushes, but never succeeded in rearing them, As they pass the winter in the larval state, I could not keep them ina dormant condition until thei food plant, the oak, came out in spring. It is a handsome insect, with finely-curved costal edges and hooked tips to its front wings; bearing a strong resemblance, as Harris remarks, to Bombyx mori; but more attractive in colour and ornamentation. J. Atston Morrat, ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. The Seventh Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic Entomologists will be held at Springfield, Mass., on the two days immediately preceding the general sessions of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 7. ¢., ‘Tuesday and Wednesday, August 27 and 28, 1895. Room 4, second floor of the High School, has been assigned for this purpose, where the meetings will be called to order at to A. M. and 2 P. M. on the days mentioned. Information ‘as to hotel and railroad rates, together with the prelim- inary announcement of the A. A. A. S., may be obtained by addressing W. A. Webster, local Secretary, Springfield, Mass. C, L. Marvatr Pror. J. B. SMITH, (Washington, D, C.), President, Secretary. 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sir,—I desire, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to acknowledge the receipt—through Mr. H. H. Lyman, of Montreal of the specimens of Nemeophila petrosa and plantaginis from which the plate was made for illustrating Mr. Bean’s paper in the April number of Can. Ent.,—-in excellent condition. ° J. Atston Morrat, Curator. DEGHUEE ALUMNI. A dinner was given to Prof. Jos. Deghuée, of the old State Street School, Brooklyn, N. Y., on April gth, by seventy graduates. Among these were Senator Luxow; F. W. Hinoides, Registrar; Rufus Zogbaum, Artist; Cashier William Halls; DeWitt Webb; John H. Walsh, and other prominent officials and merchants. The School is of interest as having turned out three students of American Entomology: Ed. L. Graef, who presided on this occasion ; Fred Tepper, and A. Radcliffe Grote, whose names are known to readers of the Can. Ent. Prof. Deghuée is a graduate of the University of Bonn, and for fifty years has been active as a teacher in Brooklyn. The following lines, by A. Radcliffe Grote, were sent by the author from Bremen, and were read during the evening by Mr. Albert Steiner :— A moment pause! The air is stirred From far across the main ; A scholar’s waiting for the word, Wants to be heard again. Look round the board! Of all you taught, If few attend to-day — If any of us came to naught, If others made their way. All loved you. More can not be said, O, teacher, wise and true ! The light that you upon us shed, In love returns to you. Fill for the absent ones a cup, Whose hearts are yours alway ; And fill the goblet brimming up— A thousand healths—Deghuce / Mailed August 2nd, 1895. . he wanadiay Entomologist. VOL. XXVIL LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1895. No. 9. NOTES ON: COLLECTING BUTTERFLIES IN WESTERN COLORADO,.WITH A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF CERTAIN: PAPILIOS. BY WM. H, EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. In Vol. XXV., p. 253, I gave some account of the dimorphism of f. Bairdit, mainly from the observations and experiments of Mr. David Bruce. From what he had seen at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, he had satisfied himself that not only Bazrdiz and Oregonia were one species, but that P. Hlod/andii, Edw.; formed part of the same. Though the two first named differ in facies more decidedly than do Zurnus and Rutulus, and Autulus and either Hurymedon or Daunus. Hollandii looks on the upper side like Bazrazz, but beneath, while in general like Bazrdii, the yellow spots are larger, making the surface much gayer. But the notable difference is in the markings of the body ; Ho/dandii having the yellow, black-striped body of Oregonza (as well as Zolicaon and Machaon), while Baird has the solid black body of Astertas, with similar rows of yellow dots. /Zfo//andit therefore has the body of Oregonia, with the wings of Lairdiz, the latter somewhat modified. In 1892, Mr. Bruce obtained eggs by confining a Bairdii 2 over the food plant, and out of two pupe which alone survived a catastrophe at his home (Brockport, N. Y.) came a Bairdii imago the next spring in his hands, and a female Oregonza with me. Mrs. Peart had received a few of the larve out of that lot of eggs, and from these came one Sairdiz and one Oregonia. I related these facts in the paper spoken of, and then said that two of the pupz which Mrs. Peart had were still alive, and would give butterflies the second year, or in 1894. It turned out that one Bairdiit 9 did come from one of these pupz, April 25th, 1894, but the other pupa had died. In 1893, at the same place, Mr. Bruce sent me two eggs obtained from an Oregonia 2 in confinement, from one of which resulted a Bairdii gd the same season, the other larva dying. And about two wecks later he sent me another lot of Oregonza eggs, from which I got four Batraii : Riese’, the same season, no pup hibernating, 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. If there was no error in getting the eggs, such as overlooking eggs that had been laid on the plant before the female was tied to it, then there could be no question of dimorphism, for the eggs that I received were mailed the day they were laid, so that there was no opportunity for any mixing up of larve. As Mr. Bruce is an entomologist of many years’ experience, and had, as he assured me, taken the utmost care in these experiments, knowing their importance, the facts showed dimorphism, and of a remarkable sort. ‘There was nothing like it in the North American butterfly fauna. \ Mr. Bruce’s visits to Glenwoed Springs began in 1888, and from the first he had noticed that Bazradiz and Oregonia were always associated, | and in about equal numbers. But it was a long time before he discovered | the food plant. Some one brought him a green, black-striped caterpillar, taken on Artemisia dracunculoides, which looked like an Asferzas in its last stage. From the pupa produced came a Lazrdiz imago. Then he began to get eggs by confining the females over the Artemisia. It seems a strange food for one of the Asterzas or Machaox groups; all the known | species, except P. Zudra (that is to say, all the species whose larve are | known), feeding on Umbelliferte, fennel, carrots, and the like. Artemisia belongs to the Compositz. It is true the larve of the Papilios I am treat- | ing of will eat carrot, parsnip and fennel in confinement, but not willingly, | and both Mr. Bruce and myself, also Mrs. Peart, have found the mortality excessive when feeding on those plants. There were large fields of carrots about the Springs, and we inquired of several of the owners if they had | ever noticed the green caterpillars, but found no one who had done so. | The Artemisia grows everywhere in the valley of Grand River and its | tributaries, and often covers the ground over large areas. It stands about | three feet high: a loose, open-growing plant, with many long stems | shooting up from the base, or branching at a small angle from the main | stem, and these bear very small leaves. One can look through a large clump of it and a caterpillar of the Papilios could not easily escape obser- vation, ‘The yellow eggs, too, are in strong contrast with the peculiar eray-green of the leaves, and would easily be seen. Mr. Bruce has never caught the two forms in copulation, though he seemed to miss it more than once by a very little. He had written me that on one occasion he saw an Oregonia ¢ pursued by two males same, | and also by three males Ba/rdii, rolling through the air like a ball, andso_ | low down that he made effort to catch them all with a throw of his net; | | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231 but they whirled away and passed out of sight. On another day he had seen a newly-emerged female Bairdii, and was near it, but a low inter- vening bush prevented him using the net. Just then down pounced a male Oregonia, and the pair rose vertically in the air, circling about each other—as butterflies do in courtship—and were soon lost to view. These and other similar observations had made Mr. Bruce believe firmly in the inter-copulation of the two species. The relation of the facts then known in the Can. Ent. excited some little interest and some surprise, together with more or less incredulity ; and I determined to accompany Mr. Bruce on his 1894 trip to Glenwood Springs, if he would let me, and go through the necessary experiments with him. ‘Though if I had been as well acquainted with Mr. Bruce as in his company for six or seven weeks I became, I might have saved myself the journey, for nothing can be more thorough than his method of working. Nothing escapes him, and he makes no mistakes. But I am glad that I had the pleasure of his personal acquaintance and company, and I can commend Mr. Bruce as a companion and chaperon through Colorado to any lepidopterist in search of pleasure and specimens for his collection. We reached Glenwood Springs on twenty-ninth June, from Denver, by the Rio Grande R. R.; via Pueblo and the Royal Gorge Canon of the Arkansas River, which river was followed many hours to Leadville— elevation, 11,000 feet; then descended the Eagle River (a tributary of the Grand) to the Springs. The Grand River is one of the two principal streams which form the Colorado River, the other being Green River ;—the junction in Utah. The whole region is semi-desert, and nothing grows without irrigation except the native clothing of grasses and scrub, and such pines and other trees as will stand the dry climate. ‘The sun shone clear nearly every day that I spent at the Springs; very hot after 8. a. m.; with occasional showers. _But in August, which the people call the “rainy season,” there was rain pretty nearly every afternoon ; and in all there were two or three days that might properly be called rainy. The elevation of the hotel is 5,700 feet—high enough to ensure cool nights all the summer; and the mountains rise quite abruptly from the river, sometimes precipitously, to the height of 2,500 or 3,000 feet more. Everywhere the bottoms are narrow, and the road above the hotel has been’ cut out of the slope of the hill. Wherever there is a space fit for cultivation, from half an acre to twenty or thirty, 232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. some one is in possession, and the land is irrigated by means of the water that comes from every gulch and hollow, producing abundance of root crops and all sorts of fruit—apples, plums, peaches; (but no corn). The morning after our arrival, Mr. Bruce showed me the river road mentioned—a narrow, single track, invariably spoken of as * the trail,” now hot, dry, and covered with dust an inch or more thick. Where the hill had originally sloped to the water’s edge, the trail had been cut through the rocks, and wherever there had been a Jittle wider space, the base of the hill to the road was covered with small pieces of rock that had fallen from above. All along were clumps of Artemisia dracunculoides, and here and there were thistles in bloom. About these last Papilios were flying: afew Batrdii, Zolicaon, Daunus, Rutulus, Hurymedon; not one of which I had ever seen in life before. Also on same flowers, Pieris Occidentalis, and some Lycaenidae and Hesperids. Satyrus Pau/us now and then started up from the ground, or was seen flying slowly over the broken rocks. We took half-a-dozen male Neominois Deonysius, Scudder, a rare species described from Arizona or Utah, very little known by anybody until Mr. Bruce found it at Glenwood Springs, in 1888. This butterfly has never been seen on a flower or at water, but rises out of the dust at one’s feet and alights at a little distance in dust again, or else on the adjacent rocks, springing up like a grasshopper, and, like that, turning its body around as soon as it strikes the dust or the rocks before settling quietly. The temperature was high, and the rocks were hot enough to roast eggs; yet these creatures were manifestly comfortable. The Papilios were none of them fresh—most of them worn and broken, and evidently they were the last of the early brood. The next day, July rst, Mr. Bruce went out alone in the opposite direction from the Hotel, and returned about noon with 3 2 Deonysius, 4 9 Bairdii,1 9 Sat. Paulus, and 1 2 Zolicaon ; all which we bagged for eggs ; the Papilios on Artemisia, the Satyrids on grass. The Zo/icaon seemed to be in just the condition to give eggs, but refused. On the 3rd July was brought in a female Oregonza, and a typicai 9 Hollandii. Also2 2 Bairdit, anda @ Coena. Ochracea, all which were tied up. The Ao//andii beat herself in pieces and died without having laid an egg; and we never took another female of this form. In all we got 38 eggs of Dionysius, 12 of Ochracea, and the Oregonia laid 81. The Satyrid eggs were immediately mailed to Mrs. Peart, at Philadelphia, who had kindly undertaken to help me in rearing any larvae. ‘The ‘ ‘ : ’ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ado Paulus died without eggs; and we were never again able to take a female of this fine species. The butterflies are not uncommon, but live among bushes and scrub, where it was not possible to use the net. Dr. Skinner has somewhere set down Pau/us as synonymous with Sthene/e, which is very wide of the mark indeed. July 2nd, a friend who was staying at the Hotel sent us with his buckboard and driver up the next mountain trail south and back of the Springs. We turned up a ravine through which ran a swift brook, and, sometimes walking, sometimes riding, reached a height of about 2,500 feet above Grand River, going in all perhaps five miles. From the start we saw butterflies ; below and along the brook, Satyrus Ariane, Charon, and in the bushes, Paz/us ; for several hundred feet rise, either in the road or on the dry and naked slopes of the hill, Dzonysius; and wherever there were scrub oaks, Thecla Chrysalus, var. citima, H. Edwards. Scores of these last could have been taken as they rested on the oak leaves. This, according to Mr. Bruce, is the only form of the species taken at Glenwood, but to the east, near Denver, it is not found at all, while typical Chrysa/us abounds. At about 1,500 feet there was a wide curve in the road, and just there was 2 spring from which a little water trickled down the track for half-a-dozen rods. Where the road bent, a footpath came in from above. Here, about the wet road, and on the path, we had a good breathing spell, and took many butterflies: P. occidentalis, P. Beckerit; Colias Alexandra; Argynnis Mevadensis, A. Behrensii (here- tofore reported only from Mendocino County, California, and exceedingly rare in collections); Meliteea Pa//a, M. Augusta (another rare Californian species); Phyciodes Carlota and Camillus; Pyr. Cardui; Grapta Satyrus ; Satyrus Ariane, Charon, Paulus; Chionobas Ciryxus (very large specimens and very yellow). ‘This last species flew leisurely along, alighting on the wet ground, and if disturbed did not fly wildly; in fact, behaved much like Satyrus Vephele. Took or saw half-a-dozen C. Ochracea, most of which came flying down the path spoken of. Nothing can be prettier than this insect on the wing, as it flutters along, flying low, and it appears a great deal brighter yellow than is shown in dead specimens. We also took Limenitis MWeédemeyerii; Chrysophani Virginiensis, Behrit and Zeroe. ‘This last is a very pretty species ; the yellow of the under surface much brighter than in dead examples. We took about a score of them, all males. Zevoe flies even in British Columbia, east cf the Cascade Mountains. Of Lycena, we took Fux/a, 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Clara and Amyntu/a; of Hesperians, Eudatnus /Vevada, Nisoniades Propertius; Pamphila Campestris ; Amblyscirtes Menus. Higher up the mountain we met with nothing new. Although so little rain had _ fallen, and the ground seemed dry as a desert, yet along the entire drive were beautiful and showy flowers, great clumps of purple Penstemons, white and yellow Oenotheras, and others, the names of which I know not. On July 6th, Mr. Bruce brought in two great-bodied females Larrdiz, and these gave 117 and 76 eggs respectively. All the Papilios now were fresh, and of the second brood of the year. Mr. Bruce also took a Neonympha //enshawit, the first he had ever seen in this region; also Theclas Edwardsti and Zitus, and Pholisora Catudlus. On the roth, a fine and typical ¢ Hol/andii was taken, matching completely the female before spoken of; and no other such male was taken during our stay. A @ Ovegonia was bagged on the rrth, and the same day a Bairdii, confined two days before, was found to have laid 70 eggs. I had now two lots of eggs of Oregonza and four of Bairdiz, When the females were bagged, Mr. bruce and I were in ali cases together, and both examined the plants to see if perchance a stray egg might have been previously laid on them by some other Papilio. And I may say here that neither of us saw more than an occasional egg on any plant of Artemisia in the six weeks. The plants are by thousands and the butterflies few. All the bags were back of and close to the electric power house of the Hotel, where were conveniences for shading them from the fierce heat of the sun, and where there was no danger of trespassers— two-legged or four-legged. When the bags were opened, I attended to the eggs myself, clipped them off the stems, and put each sort in a box by itself. henceforth all eggs and larve were in my room at the Hotel, and were attended to solely by myself. So there was nowhere a chance of mixing up eggs or larvee, or of error. The bits of stem which carried the eggs were placed in glass tumblers, labelled, and when the larve hatched, fresh stems were given, and these were changed daily. As the larve grew, they were shifted to tin cans covered with cloth, and overlaid by squares of heavy glass, to prevent escape as well as to afford light. Treated in this way there was scarcely any loss. On 15th July Mr. Bruce left me for Denver and the high peaks about Hall Valley, in order to get eggs of Chionobas Gino. From THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 Denver he wrote me he had concluded to come back to that place after he had worked at Mt. Gibson, and go home. ‘Thereupon I divided the six lots of Papilio larvie, and sent him one brood of Oregonza and two of Bairdii ; and, although he did return to Glenwood Springs, 28th July, I had no more to do with his haif of the larvae. TThenceforth we made no more efforts to get eggs, as it was not worth while to try and rear larve in New York or in West Virginia, by reason of the great mortality sure to be suffered in feeding with umbelliferous plants. Mr. Bruce made many excursions in the hope of taking typical Ho//andii of both sexes, but in vain. On one occasion he brought in a single Neophasia Menapia, and several times Argynnis Zefo, now fresh from chrysalis. On 3oth July, several fresh males of Argynnis evadensis, evidently of a second brood, and thirty Bazradii and Oregonia. The next day I went with him to the place where the Papilios had been taken, along the railroad up the Roaring Fork of Grand River. There, on thistles exclusively, we took thirty-four more Bairdii and Oregonia. A, selene: = Tropa, Hubn, 1818 (1822 ?). Type: A. luna. 13. luna, Zinn. Canada to Texas ; Mexico. var. dictynna, Wa/k. var. Rossi, Ross. Gen. TeLEA, Hubn. rg. polyphemus, Cram. North America throughout. paphia, Linn. fenestra, Perry. var. oculea, eum. Obs.—The late Mr. Hy. Edwards applied Mr. Walker’s name in 1880 to a variety of Zwwa, in which, as I remember, the outer margins of the wing showed a reddish band. I have not seen Mr. Walker’s type. It is, I believe, that form of Zzza, found also in the north, which led Prof. Agassiz in 1860 to suspect a distinct species. The reference of /uza to Tropea is founded on the belief that the Asiatic species may belong to a distinct genus. I have not been able to compare them. Family HEMILEUCID&. Pack., Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 173, 1893. = Hemileucini, G. & R., 1866; Grote, 1874. Family type H emileuca maia. Gen. AUTOMERIS, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). Type: A. janus. (Grote restr., 1874.) —= Hyperchiria, Hubn. Verz. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 aon 10. Type: A. io. (Pack. restr., 1864.) == (70, Boisds, 16755 . Zelleri; G. @ #. - Texas. . pamina, JVewm. Arizona. var. aurosea, /Veum. . zephyria, Grt. New Mexico. . 10, Fabr. Canada, southward. varia, Walk. Fabricti, Boisd. var. argus, VV. & D. 2 var. lilith, Streck. (Atlanta, Ga.) Gen. THauma, Hy. Ed., 1875. Type.: Ts ribis. socialis, Fezsth. West Coast, Vancouver to Chile. angulifera, Walk. ribis, Ay. Ed. Gen. CoLorapiA, Blake, 1863. Type: C. pandora. . pandora, Blake. Rocky Mountain region. Gen. ARGYRAUGES, Grt., 1883. Type: A. Neumoegeni. . sororius, Hy. Hd. Lower California. . hualapai, eum. Arizona. 9. Neumoegeni, Hy. Hd. Arizona. Gen. Hemiteuca, Waik., 1855. Type: H. maia. (G. & R. restr., 1866.) = EHuchromia, Pack., 1864. = Euleucopheus, Pack., 1872. (Grote ref., 1883.) Type: H. tricolor. electra, Wright. So. California. . maia, Drury. North America, throughout. proserpina, Fabr. var. nevadensis, Stretch. lucina, Hy. Ed. var. californica, Wright. artemts, Pack. 270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 12. juno, Pack. Mexico to Arizona. yavapat, Neum. 13. Grotei, G. & &. Texas to Colorado. diana, Pack. 14. tricolor, Pack. New Mexico; Utah. Gen. Psrtupouazis, G. & R., 1866. Type: P. eglanterina. 15. eglanterina, Borsd. Rocky Mts.; Arizona. var. Nuttalli, Sztreck. 16. shastaensis, Behrens. Coast region of California ; Mt. Shasta. var. denudata, /Vewm. 17: hera, Harris. Rocky Mts; Eastern Oregon. pica, Walk. var. marcata, eum. Family CirHERONID&. Neum. & Dyar, 1894, = Dryocampini, G. & R., 1866. = || Ceratocampide, Auct. Family type: Citheronia regalis. Gen. Eac.es, Hubn., 1818 (1822? ). Type: E. imperialis. (Pack. restr., 1864.) = Basilona, Boisd., 1868. 1. imperiahs, Drury. Lower Canada to Texas ; Mexico. imperatoria, Abb. & Sm. didyma, Beauv. var. punctatissima, /Vews. var. nobilis, Weum. Gen. CirHERoNIA, Hubn., 1818 (1822? ). Type: C. regalis. = || Ceratocampa, Harris, 1834. 2. regalis, “aé7. Lower Canada to Southern States. regia, Abb. & Sm. var. infernalis, Streck. var. saengeri, eum. 3. mexicana, G. & R. Mexico. 4. sepulcralis, G. & &. Mass. to Florida. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271 Gen. SpuincicaMpa, Walsh, 1864. Type: S. distigma. Grt., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1874. 5. albolineata, G. G R. Mexico; Texas? 6. Heiligbrodti, Harvey. Arizona. 7. bicolor, Harris. ‘Western States ; Mississippi Valley. distigma, Walsh. var. suprema, Veum. ‘var. immaculata, Jewett. 8. quadrilineata, G. & R. Mexico; Texas. g. bisecta, Zzztn. Western States to Texas. var, nebulosa, eum. Gen. AntsoTa, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). Type: A.. stigma. (Grt. restr., 1874.) = Dryocampa, Harris, 1841. ro. stigma, Faér. Atlantic States, westward, 11. senatoria, 4646. & Sm. Atlantic States, westward. 12. virginiensis, Drury. Canada, southwardly. pellucida, Abb. & Sm. 13. rubicunda, faér. Canada, southwardly. var. alba, Grt. pallida, Bowles. Obs.—This arrangement is that adopted by me in 1874. It-is possible, when the larve of all the forms are known, it may be slightly altered. ‘The relationship between the types of Ade/ocephada, Boisd., and the spécies included by me in the extension of Sphingicampa, is not known. I had been inclined to look upon Sphingicampa as a specialized form with more affinity to Laces than to Anzsota. I have not been able to compare the larve properly. I had endeavoured to rescue Harris’s term Dryocampa for Anisota rubicunda ; but the moth does not seem to offer distinct structural characters ; hence, the collective term Dryocampini, G. & R., 1866, must also fall. Mr. Dyar writes me positively that he thinks rwdicunda strictly congeneric with Avzzsofa, both as larva and moth. The tubercles of Axzsota are peculiar, and Mr. Dyar finds no difference between the species. I think this settles the matter, and that the present nomenclature of the Suturnina can be accepted without much reservation, wat 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE MARX COLLECTION OF ARACHNIDA. The eminent arachnologist, Dr. George Marx, of Washington, D. C., died January 3rd, 1895. His important collection of Arachnida has been placed by his widow in charge of the undersigned committee of the Entomological Society of Washington, :to be disposed of by sale. ‘The collection is one of the most important in existence. It contains more than one thousand species of Aranaeina alone. Of this one thousand species, about five hundred are described species from North America. These are distribued among 175 genera. The families Theridiidee, Epeiridee and Theraphoside are particularly well-represented, and have been identified largely by some well-known authority. ‘The Theridiide were in the hands of the late Count Key- serling, and about thirty of his species have their types in this collection. The Theraphoside have been recently in the hands of Simon, of Paris, while Dr. McCook has examined the Epeiridze. In addition to these 500 described American species, there are about 200 species of Kuropean spiders properly identified aid labelled, and nearly 300 American species which bear Dr. Marx’s manuscript names. There is, further, a great mass of material which has never been worked up. ‘The species are many of them represented by many specimens. The collection is contained in vials in Muller’s fluid, and the vials are arranged in the standard trays of Dr. Marx’s own invention, as figured and described in Riley’s ‘ Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects” (Smithsonian Institution, Part F, Bulletin 39. U.S. National Museum). The collection is of special interest, aside from the number of species, on account of the excellent representation of the boreal fauna. ‘There are many specimens from Alaska on the west and Labrador on the east. In addition, all parts of America north of Mexico are represented. Besides the Aranaeina there are many specimens of Scorpionida, Solpugida and Pseudoscorpionida, and Pedipalpi. After due consideration, we have decided to offer, for the present, this collection for sale for the sum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500). Correspondence relative to the collection, or its possible purchase, may be addressed to any member of the committeee : C. V. Riuey, U.S. National Museum. L. O. Howarp, U. S. Department of Agriculture. E. A. Scuwarz, U.S. Department of Agriculture. é THEODORE GILL, Smithsonian Institution. t Washington, D. C., August 1st, 1895. P. S.—With the collection will be delivered to the purchaser, Dr. Marx’s large and valuable library on Arachnida, comprising all the important works on the group, well-bound, together with several hundred pamphlets. Mailed September 7th, 1895. j CG, Vo RILEY, Mi Ag PHD: Le ey LR ee ere ee, | a SO LP ~~ aia eat The amaliay Hatomolagist. “VOL. XXVIL = LONDON, OCTOBER, 1895. _ ; No. to. CHARLES VALENTINE: RILEY. In the death of Prof. C. V. Riley, the world of practical science has lost one of its brightest lights. On the morning of September 14th, Prof. Riley left his home in Washington, on his bicycle, in company with his son, to ride into the city. Not many minutes after they had started the Professor’s wheel struck a stone, and he was thrown so violently from his seat, against tne curb, that his skull was fractured. He was picked up unconscious, and died some hours later. . Professor Riley was an Englishman by birth, having been born at Chelsea, September 18th, 1843. He was educated in England, France, and Germany. When seventeen years of age, he came to America and settled on a farm in Illinois. Here he began his first observations on injurious insects. Four years later he went to Chicago, and from that period on to the present time he has always been accorded a foremost place among the leaders of scientific thought in America, In 1868, Prof. Riley was appointed State Entomologist of Missouri, and it was during his tenure of that office that he prepared his celebrated nine reports on the ‘“ Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of Missouri.” In 1878, he was appointed Entomologist to the Bureau of Agriculture ; he resigned soon after, but was reappointed again in June, 1881, and held the office until about a year ago. Prof. Riley was a man of keen perception, and possessed of great perseverance and tenacity of purpose. He was an exceptionally accurate observer, and his writings are couched in a plain, unaffected style, which never leaves any doubt as to his meaning. His investiga- tions were markedly original, and he seldom recorded anything he had not actually seen himself. His marvellous skill as an artist enabled him to add much to the value of his writings by many exquisitely drawn figures. All his work was characterized by system and thoroughness, and, as a consequence, his writings are most valuable, and very numer- ous. He was also a skilful administrator, and had a faculty for gathering around him the best men available for all special lines of study. Among Pad 5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the many remarkable results of his work, there are three which will always be associated with his name: the invention of the Cyclone or Riley nozzle, the discovery of the kerosene emulsion, and the introduc- tion of Vedalia cardinalis, through the agency of which, in controlling the Fluted Scale, the cultivation of citrus fruits is now possible in California. As a friend, he was kind, patient and true ; as an economic entomologist, take him all in all, he was far and away the most eminent the world has ever seen. Every one who could appreciate this great man and his work, will deplore the sad accident which has cut off his career when he was still at the height of his physical and mental vigour. Ee STUDIES IN N. A. MEMBRACIDA—III. F. w. GODING, M. D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILL, Subfamily CENTROTIN, Stol. Multarets, gen. nov. Head broad, with an angle on each side below the eyes, margins parallel from base to apex, which is largely produced in a spoon-shape ; base of the head nearly straight; ocelli a trifle nearer the eyes than to each other, on a line above the centre of the eyes ; head, at inner edge of each eye, furnished with a compressed, dentiform tubercle projecting directly forward ; head inflexed below the eyes. Prothorax convex, elevated some above lateral angles, at summit, on each side armed with a short, stout (truncated ?) horn, the sides of which are continuous with those of the prothorax, projecting upward, and parallel; densely punctured ; basal margin projecting in a transverse carina; furnished with a percurrent median carina ; posterior process gradually narrowed to the apex, which is briefly recurved in a compressed tooth or lobule ; the base almost completely covering the scutellum; dorsum of posterior process furnished with two rounded tubercles, the first located at the base of the anterior convexity, the second midway between it and the apex. ‘Tegmina coriaceous, narrow, punctured, opaque, veins irregular and numerous ; barely passing abdomen, far surpassing the apex of the posterior prothoracic process ; corium with the venation very irregular towards apex, there being numerous discoidal and terminal areas varying greatly in size, and three basal areas; clavus attenuated gradually to apex ; wings with four apical areas, the second minute, triangular, Front tibiz moderately dilated, with a row of fine spines along the edges. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ALD This genus is closely related to Anomus, Fairm., which, possibly, ought to be arranged to include the type of Multareis. It differs from Anomus in the shape of the head, curve of the apex of the posterior process, tegmina not broad, destitute of hairs, number of discoidal areas, presence of dorsal horns and tubercles on the front of the head ; inflexed head, and tibie. Type J. cornutus, n. sp. M. cornutus,n. sp.— dé, 3%. Light ferruginous, strongly punctured. In front of lateral angles, on each side, a tubercle in a fossa coloured black ; tips of lateral angles, upper part of anterior swelling, horns. and tip of second posterior tubercle dark ferruginous ; tip of posterior process brownish-black ; tegmina sordid ferruginous, veins dark brown, with two broad transverse bands, the first across the middle, the second between it and the apex sordid white ; tegmina finely punctured, but uneven and rough. Abdomen dark brown, spindle-shaped and robust. Legs ferru- ginous. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 14 mm. Habitat—Panamint Valley, Calif. Described from a pair received from Prof. Riley. Types in collec- tion F. W. G., and National Museum. Tuberculocentrus, gen. Nov. Head convex, produced in the middle, large, uneven, coarsely punctured, about half as long as broad between the eyes, which are prominent ; ocelli on a line through the centre of the eyes, much farther from each other than from the eyes. Prothorax between the shoulders elevated in a rounded hump, somewhat flattened on top, densely punc- tured, with a percurrent median carina ; at the base, behind the eyes and in front of the lateral angles, on each side, is a large tubercle in a fossa ; posterior process not reaching the tip of the abdomen, long, very broad at base, gradually narrowed to the beginning of the posterior third, where it is greatly constricted, then broadened considerably and ends at the apex in a sharp point; when seen from the side it is deeply sinuate behind the hump, slightly so before the anex, which is lightly elevated. Abdomen long and_ broad. Scutellum truncated. Tegmina_ broad, extending far beyond the tip of the abdomen, coriaceous, sub-transparent ; the corium divided into innumerable small areas, no regular arrangement of the veins ; clavus gradually attenuated to the apex. ‘Tibi triquetrous, not dilated, a row of fine spines on the edge, This is closely related ta Centrodentus, Godg. 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, ZT: solus—Q. n.sp. Sordid yellow, punctured, immaculate, eyes dark brown, antenne black, abdomen lemon-yellow, ovipositor darker, tip of abdomen brown ; tegmina at the interior angle coriaceous, a little darker, veins yellow ; wings with three apical areas. Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 114 mm. Habitat—-Death Valley, Calif. Described froma many species in the National Museum. Subfamily DaRNIN&, Stal. Stictopelta arizona, n. sp.— 2. Yellow, lateral margins white. Head smooth, yellow, with a brown, transverse band just below the eyes, a darker spot near the eyes. Prothorax yellow, with a percurrent, longitudinal, median, impressed line ; base narrowly brown, at the middle of the base a white line, thus: ——‘—~, the point resting at the base, the line becoming a band which extends around the lateral angles, along the inferior borders, ending just before the apex, which is brown: densely punctured; on each side of the base, under the curvature of the brace- shaped line, is a scar which is white in the centre with a dark brown ring. Tegmina nearly covered, the veins in the basal half nearly black, lighter towards apex. Below yellow ; ovipositor fuscous. Length, 9 mm.; width, 4 mm. Habitat—Arizona. From Prof. Riley. This is near srecox, Burm. Type in National Museum. Subfamily SMitun#&, Stal. Carynota vera, n. sp.—Q. Reddish, sprinkled with yellow ; punc- tured ; smallest member of the genus, closely resembling in shape various species of Stictope/ta. Head broad, short, very obtusely triangular, rough, yellowish-red, with three yellow dots arranged in a triangle, the apex at the base of the head, the other two containing the ocelli, which are much nearer to each other than to the eyes ; a dark brown curved band across the lower part of the face ; eyes prominent, dark. Prothorax less elevated than other Carynote, convex in front, rising in a curve over lateral angles, extending posteriorly to the apex without any depressions nor becoming flattened ; an impression, originating from behind the lateral angles at the inferior borders, on each side, extends backward and upward, meeting on the dorsum at the middle of the posterior process directly across the median carina and not at an angle; the median carina is a smooth line, per- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pasi current, dark brown ; the posterior process rounded and very acute at the tip, which does not quite reach apex of tegmina; there is a shining, irregular black scar near the base of prothorax on each side ; the yellow atoms are sparingly scattered over the prothorax, except those on the dorsum, which are arranged in the form of an oblong oval; a large triangular yellow spot, shaded with fuscous, on each side at the middle of the lateral borders ; the lateral borders for about one-fourth their length very narrowly yellow. Tegmina coriaceous and mostly opaque, densely punctured, reddish ; two discoidal cells, the exterior small, round and transparent, the interior larger, triangular and opaque ; the first and fifth apical cells transparent ; the third triangular and about as broad as long. Wings with four apical cells, the second sessile. Below yellowish-red ; femora yellow with a broad reddish band just above the tips ; tibie triquetrous, hairy ; tarsi dark red. Length, 7 mm.; width, 314 mm.; altitude, 3 mm. Habitat—Norway ; Maine. One @? from S. Henshaw. SOME NOTES ON BRUCHUS IN NEW MEXICO. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. A number of the bur-like fruits of Glycyrrhiza lepidota, a species of licorice native to Arizona and parts of New Mexico, were collected in the Mesilla Valley of the Rio Grande River, north of Las Cruces, in the fall of 1892. The following May, there were found issued from these burs many specimens of a Bruchid, which was identified at the Agricultural Department in Washington as Bruchus alboscutellatus, Horn. There were also many parasites issued, which were determined by Mr. Ashmead as Bruchophagus mexicanus, Ashm. I am indebted to Mr. Coville for the determination of the plant. Many pods of the tornillo or screw-bean, Prosopis pubescens, were also collected in the fall of 1892, at Las Cruces. In the following May, there were found issued from these many specimens of Bruchus amicus, Horn. Two parasites of this species were also bred with it, and have been determined by Mr. Ashmead as Eujpelmus cyaniceps, Ashm., and Hlolcopelte producta, Ashm. From a pod of Lotus sp., collected by Professor Wooton, near Las Cruces, there issued specimens of Bruchophagus mexicanus, Ashm., so determined by Mr. Ashmead. | This further indicates that the pods of this Lotus sp. are affected by a Bruchus sp., in the Mesilla Valley region. 278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, PREPARATORY STAGES OF ALYPIA LANGTONII, COUPER. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK. This larva is a close ally of A. octomacu/ata, but differs from it in the pale head, the black bands broken in the subdorsal region, the small size of the subventral white spots and the absence of the conical tubercles which are represented by black spots. The food plant is the fireweed (Eptlobium angustifolium ). /-gg.—Laid singly on the under side of a leaf close to the projecting midrib. Flat at base, low conoidal, a little pointed at apex ; micropyle depressed, surrounded by two concentric rings, granular-reticulate ; from the outer ring a series of round-beaded ridges run to the under surface. ‘These ridges under a Zeiss C objective appear as a series of rounded granules, but they alternate on successive ones so that the grooves between them are wavy as usual in the Noctuidee. Micropyle a circular cup-shaped area of one circle of cells radiating from its centre, its edge forming the first ring. From this the ridges pass gently over the outer ring, becoming more distinct and increasing in number by the interpo- lation of others, confluent in pairs, but not marked on account of their granular structure. Diameter, 0.55 mm.; height, 0.3 mm. Colour whitish, not shining, marked with dark red-brown in an irregular blotched ring or broken spots, different in each egg. Duration of the stage, 9 days. First Stage.—After hatching the larvee walk with a looping gait, but soon begin to feed. They readily fall off by a thread when disturbed. Head bilobed, pale brown; width, o.4 mm. Body yellewish-whitish, cervical shield, anal and leg plates blackish. Tubercles normal, brown, mostly minute, but those on joints 5-7 and rr surrounded by large spots, those on joint 12 with small spots. Thoracic feet dark. Joint 12 enlarged, tubercles 1. and il. ferming a square on it. Tubercle vi. absent, three setee on the leg plates. Second Stage.—At first as before; width of head, 0.5 mm. Body more brown spotted. Sete fine, pointed, tubercles black, the sub- primaries (iii. and v. on thorax and vi. on abdomen) present. Anterior two pair of abdominal feet a little smaller than the others. Later the tubercles are black, conic, irregular in size, the brown marks around them slight. The body appears green from the contained food. A dorsal line of irregular opaque white shadings, Third Stage.—Large, black, conical tubercles with pale sete. Body greenish, blotched with opaque white, especially dorsally ; a few brown \ -— = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 markings as in the previous stage. Feet black. Head whitish, its tubercles all shining black, a little brown shading around mouth and eye. Width, 0.7 mm. Joints 4-7 and 12 form two humps in the position of rest of the larva. Fourth Stage.—Head white, the black spots as before supplemented by many smal] dusky spots. The black tubercles form three transverse rows ; a black dentate line above mouth. Width, 1.15 mm. _ Body white, tinged with orange on joints 5, 6 and rz dorsally and along the region of tubercle iv. the whole length. Tubercles large, conical, black ; hairs all pale, rather stiff, long, single. The body is mottled with brownish-black in irregular streaks between the tubercles, except subdorsally where the white ground prevails. Rims of spiracles, thoracic feet and leg plates, black. Fifth Stage.-—Head white with many black spots, all the spots of the preceding stage being now equally black. Width, 1.6 mm. Body as before, but the tubercles and narrow irregular marks velvety black. The orange shades spread, tending to form transverse bands ; on joints 5, 6, rz and r2 the faint orange bands are complete. The black marks are thickest ventrally, predominating, thin subdorsally ; along dorsal line they form a series of irregular marks enclosing a broken white dorsal line. On the subventral folds the ground colour forms a series of white patches most distinct on joints 11-12. Sixth Stage.—Head white with many black spots of various shapes ; mouth parts black. Width, 2.3 mm. Body white, the segments banded with orange, obscurely except on joints 5, 6 and 12. ‘Tubercles large, velvety black, low conic or almost flat, not produced. The velvety black marks on the body form narrow irregularly eroded and broken transverse lines, some only represented by angular marks, all broken subdorsally so as to give the appearance of a white subdorsal band. The lines are about eight on each segment, but so broken and irregular that they are difficult to trace. Dorsally they are partly confluent, forming branching marks irregularly X or Y-shaped. On the subventral folds the ground colour appears as a series of white patches, the largest situated between joints 11 and 12. Feet black, venter dark. Hairs long, distinct, rather stiff, white, all single and perfectly normal in arrangement for the Noctuina (Agrofina, Grote). The larva rests with joints 5-6 and 12 hunched up, forming two humps. Larve from Jefferson, N. H. 280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, RELATIONSHIP OF THE FAUNA OF PUGET SOUND TO THAT OF MEXICO AND CANADA. BY WILLIAM HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. The fauna of Puget Sound [as shown by a collection of fifty species of Hymenoptera from Seattle, Washington, kindly sent me by Prof. O. B. Johnson, of the University of Washington] is most like that of Canada, no genera differing. Sphex Luce, Sauss, and Astata montana, Cress., are interesting exceptions. Sphex Luce, Sauss, shows relationship to California and Lower California. Originally described from Cape Saint Lucas, Mexico. I have identified it among specimens from Lake Co., Calif., kindly sent me by Mr. Oscar T. Baron, and it is found among the species from Seattle, collected by Prof. Johnson. Astata montana, Cress. (Syn. Ast. elegans, Cress., ¢ 93; Syn. Ast. bella, Cress., ¢ ;—the three names belong to one variable species), shows a relationship to the Plateaux Region ; occurring at Guanajuato, Mex., on the Mexican Tableland, where it has been collected by Dr. Duges, as identified from a female specimen presented by me to the U.S. N. M., and occurring throughout the Western United States, extending east to the Plains. SPHINX CANADENSIS, BOISDUVAL. Prof. C. H. Fernald says in his Sphingidee of New England: ‘‘ This very rare moth was taken at flowers in Bangor, Maine, early in July, by Prof. Carl Brown, who kindly loaned me specimens for study.” I have pleasure in announcing that this rare Sphinx has been added to the Society’s collection, by Mr. C. G. Anderson, who, by industrious attention to bait and electric light, has accumulated a surprising amount and diversity of good material during the first part of the season. This is the first report of S. Canadens?s being taken in Ontario, that I am aware of. Mr. Grote refers to it as a Northerly species ; and gives its habitat as Canada, Newfoundland, Maine. Rev. T. W. Fyles and Mr. Strecker have reported it from Quebec Province, but Mr. Strecker afterwards received a specimen that was taken near Cincinnati. Nothing as yet seems to be known of its early stages or food plants. Mr. Strecker’s excellent coloured illustration of it in his Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres Plate XIII., fig. 13, is unmistakable, whilst his description, page 106, under the name of S. //ota, supplemented by that of Prof. Fernald, leaves nothing further to be desired in that direction. Mr. Anderson has also taken what appears to be a black form of S. Gordius. J. Autston Morrat, London, Ont. i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 NEW TENTHREDINID. BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. Periclista, Knw.—This name was proposed by Knonow in his monograph of the European Blenocampids, published in the ‘‘ Winer Ent. Zeit.,” V. 1886, 186, for those species having the lanceolate cell petiolate, the eyes more or less remote from the bases of the mandibles, and the posterior wings with the outer cells closed by a marginal vein. This name had already been used by Forester, 1869, for a genus of Cynipide, and I therefore propose the name JZogeris (poyepds) to take its place. Blennocampa bipartita, Cress.—-From an examination of a type specimen of this species, received from the American Entomological Society, I find that this species should be referred to the genus JZogerus. Mogerus emarginatus, n. sp. ¢.—Black, with the following parts luteous: the labrum, the femora, the tibiz, the base of the tarsi, and the apex of the first, second, third and fourth abdominal segments indis- tinctly so; the collar and the tegule, white ; the clypeus, angularly emarginate ; the antenne, thickened at base, especially the third and the fourth segments, the third segments about one-fourth longer than the fourth ; the wings hyaline ; the veins brown; the costa and the stigma luteous ; the anterior ocellus in a basin which connects with a transverse sinus which is caudad of the posterior ocelli. Length, 6 mm. Habitat—Boston, Massachusetts. One specimen. This is the species and specimen referred to by Mr. Harrison G. Dyar in the Can. Ent., XXVI., 1894, 185, as Blennocampa bipartita, where a description of the larve has been published. Selandria floridana,n. sp. ¢.—Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus (the labrum is fuscous), the tegule, a line on the collar, a spot on the mesopleure, the legs, including the cox, except the middle and posterior tarsi, the caudal margin of the ventral abdominal segments, and the entire apical segment; the clypeus truncate; the labrum rounded ; the antennez slightly thickened in the middle, the third segments one-third longer than the fourth; the wings blackish-fuscous, paler at apex ; the veins, including the costa and the stigma, black ; ‘the body shining, impunctured ; the lanceolate cell without a cross-vein, open at the shoulder ; the posterior wings with two middle cells. Length, 4.5 mm. Habitat— Ormond, Florida. 282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A single specimen received from Mrs. Annie ‘Trumbull Slosson. Readily separated from the described American species by the colour of the pleure. Tenthredo bilineatus,n. sp. 2.—Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the front beneath the antenne, an ovate spot on the antennal ridges above the base of each antenna, the lower half of the cheeks, an elongate mark on the inner margin of the eye (this mark is half as long as the inner margin of the eye, reaching the meso-caudal angles of the eye, obliquely truncated in front, roundly emarginate on its mesal side, extending slightly beyond the caudal margin of the eye, a mine spur extending from the middle of its caudal margin to an elongate, quadrangu- lar spot along the latero-caudal margin of the head, sub-interrupted from the mark on the cheeks, not extending mesad beyond the mesal margin of the spot or the inner margin of the eye), a small spot on the vertex, in a line with the spots on the latero-caudal margin of the head and caudad of the ocelli, the tegule, the collar, two lines on the mesonotum, converg- ing behind, a broad line from the scutellum to the base of the anterior wings, the cenchri, a small triangular spot on the cephalo-dersal corner of the mesopleurze, a spot above the posterior cox, the basal membrane, two large spots on the sides of the basal plates, the trochanters, the bases of the femora, the front tibia and tarsi, and the middle tibiz slightly beneath ; the following parts rufous: the first segments of the antennze entirely and the second and third on the inner side, the front and middle femora, the tibie above, the posterior femora beneath at apex, the posterior tibiae, the middle and_ posterior tarsi, the venter, a narrow margin to the tergal segments one to three, and the tergal segments beyond the third ; the third segments of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth; the clypeus emarginate; the wings hyaline, slightly yellowish ; the veins black ; the costa and the base of the stigma luteous. Length 6 mm. Habitat—Ithaca, New York. This species will be readily recognized by the markings on the head and mesonotum and the colour of the basal segments of the antennz and the apex of the abdomen. Tenthredo pallipunctus, n. sp. 9 .—Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the lower part of the cheeks, a line on the collar, a spot above the posterior i li a il i a ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 cox, the anterior legs, including the cox, beneath, and the middle tibie beneath (the middle femora have blotches of yellow ceneath, so that specimens will probably be found having the femora yellow beneath); the third segments of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the clypeus emarginate ; the wings hyaline, slightly fuscous; the veins, including the costa and the stigma, brownish. Length, 11 mm. Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector. This species is related to flavomarginis, from which it differs in having the tegulze and basal plates black. Tenthredo rufostigmus, n. sp. ¢.—Black, with the following parts yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the lower half of the cheeks, the tegule, an abbreviated line on the caudal part of the pleurz, a spot above the posterior coxe, the front and middle cox except above, the posterior coxe at side, the front legs, beyond the coxe, beneath, and the middle trochanters and femora beneath ; the following parts rufous: the middle tibize beneath, the middle tarsi, the posterior femora beneath, the posterior tibie and tarsi, and the abdomen, including the venter, beyond the basal plates except a spot on the base of the first tergal segment ; the third segments of the antennze one-fourth longer than the fourth; the clypeus squarely emarginate; the wings. slightly infuscated ; veins black; the costa and the stigma rufous. Length, ro mm. Habitat—Craig’s Mt., Idaho. _ Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collector. This species is related to discrepans, from which it differs in having the posterior femora rufous with a black line above. Tenthredo atravenus,n. sp. &.—Black, with the following parts rufous: the legs beyond the trochanters except a spot on the bases of the femora above (the posterior tarsi are yellowish), the apex of the second abdominal segment, the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments entirely, and the base of the sixth abdominal segment; the third segments of the antenne one-half longer than the fourth, the clypeus truncate ; the labrum rounded, yellowish-fuscous at sides; the wings slightly clouded, more pronounced on the apical half; the veins black ;, the costa rufous ; the stigma yellow, fuscous at base. Length, 10 mm. Habitat—Juliaetta, Idaho. Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collector. This species is related to sect//s, from which it differs in having no pale spot above the posterior coxe. Tenthredo terminatus, n. sp. 2 .—Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on 284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the cheeks, the tegule, the latero-dorsal angles of the pronotum, a spot above the posterior coxw, a spot on the sides of the basal plates, a fine line on the apical margin of the basal plates and the first and second abdominal segments, the front and middle legs, including the coxe, beneath, the extreme apices of the posterior coxie, and the posterior trochanters beneath ; the following parts rufous: the posterior legs beneath beyond the trochanters, the tergal segments beyond the second, the sides of the third and fourth abdominal segments, and the ventral segments beyond the fifth, including the guides of the ovipositor; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segments of the antenne one- third longer than the fourth ; the wings subinfuscated ; the costa and the base of the stigma rufous ; the veins black. Length, 12 mm. Habitat-—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector. This species is related to nigricoxus and be//a ; from the former it differs in not having the pale spot above the posterior coxe wanting, and from the latter in having a black line above on all the legs. Tenthredo equalis, n. sp. 9 .—Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the cheeks, the tegule, a line on the collar, a spot above the posterior cox, the anterior tibiz beneath (the anterior femora are paler beneath; probably specimens will be found in which they are yellow beneath), and the anterior tarsi ; the following parts rufous: the femora, the middle and_ posterior tibize and tarsi (the anterior tibiw have a fine black line above), a spot on the middle of the second and third tergal segments, larger on the third, the tergal segments beyond the third, and the ventral segments beyond the fifth except the ventral margin of the Gvipositor ; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segments of the antenn twice the length of the fourth ; the wings hyaline, the veins black ; the costa and the stigma at base luteous. Length, 5 mm. Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector. This species is related to /wwatus and o/ivatifpes ; it differs from the former in having a pale spot above the posterior cox, and from the latter in having the scutellum black and the legs rufous. Tenthredo ventricus, n. sp. ¢.—Black, with the following parts yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the front beneath the antenne, the cheeks, a fine line on the collar, a spot above the anterior cox, a spot above the posterior coxe, and a spot on the sides of the basal plates ; the following parts rufous: a fine line on the ~ -_ > pail ni Neale acta salle aoe — er ae THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 285 inner margins of the eyes, the tegulz, the prosternum, the mesosternum, and the mesopleure, the legs, including the coxe, except a black line on the cox and trochanters and femora above (the front and the middle legs are somewhat yellowish beneath), and the abdomen beyond the middle of the first segment ; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segments of the antennz one-third longer than the fourth; the wings hyaline ; the veins brownish ; the costa and the stigma luteous. Length, TI mm. Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Baker, collector. This species is related to rwbelloides and hyalinus ; it is separated from the former by having the tibie entirely pale, and from the latter by the rufous mesopleure and mesosternum and the squarely emarginate clypeus. Macrophya pulchella alba, n. var. 9 .—Black, with the following parts yellowish-white: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a triangular spot on the collar, the tegule, a circular spot on the pleurz, the basal plates, the scutellum, the postscutellum, the front and middle legs, including the cox, except a ring on the apex of the tibiz and the apices of the apical segments of the tarsi, the posterior coxe and trochanters, the basal half of the posterior femora, and the tibize except a ring at the base and apex. Length, 8 mm. Habitat — Indiana (Baker), Pennsylvania and [Illinois (Nason), and New York. Macrophya punctata, n. sp. 9 .— Black, with the following parts white: the clypeus, the labrum, a spot on the bases of the mandibles, two spots on the caudal margin of the vertex, a narrow line on the collar, the tegulz at base, the anterior coxz beneath, the apices and a line on the side of the middle coxe, a large spot on the sides of the posterior coxee, the trochanters, the front femora, tibie#, and tarsi beneath (the apices of the segments of the tarsi are ringed with black), the apical half of the middle femora beneath, the middle tibiz beneath, a ring on the middle of the posterior tibize, the middle and posterior tarsi except the apices of the segments, and two spots on the apex of the basal plates at middle ; the clypeus broadly and roundly emarginate ; the third segment of the antennz twice the length of the fourth; the wings slightly infuscated ; the veins, including the costa and stigma, black. Length, ro mm. Habitat — Plattsburg, New York. Mr. H. G. Dyar, collector 286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. This species is related to /¢zeata, from which it is separated by the colour of the posterior femora. Macrophya minuta, n. sp. g.— Black, with the following parts white: the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the outer margins of the tegule, the cenchri, the front and middle cox at apex, the posterior coxe at apex and an ovate spot at side, the trochanters, the front and middle femora and tibie beneath, the front and middle tarsi except fuscous rings on the apices of the segments, and a narrow ring on the base of the posterior femora; the clypeus broadly emarginate; the labrum angularly emarginate ; the bead and thorax coarsely punctate ; the third segments of the antenna about one-fourth longer than the fourth ; the wings hyaline ; the veins black ; the stigma, except its front margin, blackish rufous; the lanceolate cell contracted at middle. Length, 6.5 mm. Habitat— Plattsburg, New York. Mr. H. G. Dyar, collector. OENECTRA FLAVIBASANA, FERN. On the 20th of June, 1895, Mr. Balkwill brought to me some Tortricid moths which he found at rest upon honeysuckle in his garden. They were new to me. He asked if I wanted any more? I said I would take all he liked to bring of that kind ; so by the 27th I had got about three dozen of them. Being desirous of learning something about them, I applied to Prof. C. H. Fernald for information, and sent some of the moths. He replied: “ They are Oenectra flavibasana, Fern. That he had two specimens in his collection ; the types: one from Texas and one from [llinois. That nothing is known of their early stages or food plants, and would be glad to have published all that was known on these points.” Up to the present time I can give nothing with certainty upon these points. Presumably, the larvee had fed upon the honeysuckle, as chrysalids were found in the connate leaves with a thin silken web spun over them, one of which I raised to the moth. There is plenty of evidence of feeding having been done upon the plant, but nothing positive as to what did it. A lookout is being kept upon the plants for the next brood. The original description was published in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. X., p. 69, 1882. I see by it that the types are females. I may mention that the males are decidedly smaller in size, and lighter in colour, as a rule ; otherwise the sexes do not perceptibly differ. J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 28 REVIEW OF A FEW MORE PROVANCHER TYPES OF ICHNEUMONID. G. C. DAVIS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICHIGAN. In making a study of the Provancher types of Ichneumonide while at Quebec a year ago last winter, the type of many of the more recent descriptions was not found in the collection. Since that time types of many of the Abbe’s latest descriptions have been found to be with the ones who sent the material, and are not lost, as was at first feared. Mr. W. H. Harrington, of Ottawa, has quite a number of these types, and through his kindness and generosity I have been privileged to study the types in his possession. The following notes are the result of this review : Ichneumon citrinus 8 = Hepiopelmus, Wesm.—This would be an Amblyteles by Cresson’s synopsis. Amblyteles superbus = Amblyteles suturatlis, Say. Phaeogenes annulatipes = Ichn. annulipes, Cress. Phaeogenes pinguis is a Cryptus. ‘The ovipositor is almost as long as the abdomen. Stilpnus deficiens = Thersilochus.—VYhe abdomen is piceous, with segment 2 and the tip paler. Phygadeuon marginatus = Herpistomus. Phygadeuon longicornis = Cryptus incertus, Cress.—The metanotum has two transverse carine, the tegule are reddish-black, and the abdomen is tipped with a pale spot at the apex above. Phygadeuon fusiformis = Cryptus montivagus.—The only differ- ence is in the posterior tarsi, which are pale, but segments 2-4 are not yellowish as in typical montivagus. According to Provancher (See p. 408 of “Add. et Corrections ”) Phygad. annulatus =fusiformis, and so making it a synonym also, Phygadeuon gracilicornis = Herpistomus. Phygadeuon fraterculus = Cryptus. Phygadeuon similaris = Cryptus soror, Cress.—It is a typical soror except the white scutellum. It may become a variety. Phygad. capitatis §.—Probably O K, but may prove to bea ¢ Cryptus. The petiole is narrow, gradually enlarged, almost straight, spiracles in or just back of the centre. Front with a large irregular tubercle just beneath the antenne, apparently caused by an injury. Cryptus pubescens, f,OK. Cryptus segregatus, 6, O K.—From the description of this species 288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and perditus one would be led to believe they were synonyms, but the two types are quite different. Segvegatus may be known by the trans- lucent, very narrow, lanceolate stigma, while the stigma of perditus is broad, triangular and opaque. ‘The tegule are white in segregatus, black in peraditus. Cryptus perditus has only one wing remaining, but is apparently a Hemiteles. Cryptus mellipes = Cryptus alacris, Cress. Cryptus sordidus = Cryptus extrematus, Cress. Cryptus longicaudus, O K.—The tegule are black instead of white. Cryptus ignotus, O K. Cryptus pentagonalis, g and 9? OK. Flemiteles gigas = Platylabus. Flemiteles declivus, O K. Hemiteles aciculatus, O K.—The description of colour markings is faulty. ‘The nervures and stigma are brown; the posterior coxe with the basal joint of the trochanters are black ; the extremity of the tibie and tarsi is dusky ; abdominal segments 3 and 4, except at the sides, with a part of 5, and 2 at the apex, red. Hemiteles debilis, O K. Mesostenus armatus, 0 K.—The areolet being open behind would place it in Foerster’s genus Otacustes. There are some of Mr. Cresson’s species that also belong here. Mesostenus latigaster = Tryphon. Mesostenus pluricinctus is not a Mesostenus. The oblique, slightly petiolate areolet would lead one to place the specimen with the Try- phonine, but the long ovipositor, curved petiole and general form place it nearer the Cryptine, where Provancher placed it. By the lunule, Foerster would place the specimen in his Phygadeuonide, and by the spiracles being in the middle of the petiole, it would belong to his genus Diacritus. Provancher’s description of the species is not very complete. Points that might be added, besides those given above, are: Lower edge of clypeus, a small dot at the base of each antenna beneath, and a line beneath the primary wings, yellowish-white ; a short, transverse median ridge on posterior part of metanotum ; ovipositor nearly as long as abdomen ; posterior cox and trochanters as long as or longer than the femora ; claws large ; front tibial spurs large and curved. The longi- tudinal carine on the metanotum, of which Prov. speaks, are so very THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 indistinct that they are hardly traceable. The species has evidently proved a stumbling-block to the Abbé in his work, as he has placed it in three different subfamilies, and each one under a new species. Mesoliptus rufipes, Echthrus pediculatus and the present species are one and the same. They are all, with very little doubt, synonyms of Cresson’s Mesoliptus (?) muliebris, which is the ¢. The venation, form and mark- ings are the same except that the ¢ ¢ are paler in colour. Pezomachus sulcatus = Fettitii, Cress.—The sulcate groove of the mesonotum is perhaps a little deeper and piainer than in ef¢¢ztzz, but is present in both, and the two species seem to be identical in all other respects. Anomatlon rufulum, 2,O K. Anomatlon rufulum, & = Anomalon chlamidatum, Prov. Limneria Guignardi, O K.—Up to a very recent date I have sup- posed that this species was synonymous with /ugitiva, Say. This seems to have been the general belief from the number of specimens in various collections under the name fugitiva. Say’s description of fugitiva gives “posterior tibize white with black tip and base.” Provancher’s descrip- tion of Guignardi reads: ‘“ ‘The posterior (tibize) black with a large white annulus in the middle and another smaller at the base.” I have found one typical fugitiva. Guignardi is the common species. Thersilochus erebundus 4 = Forizon angulare. Mesoleptus angustus, f and 9, OK. Mesoleptus rufomixtus, &,OK. Mesoleptus nigricornis, 2 = Ctenopelma. Exenterus hullensis, 6, OK. Through the kindness of Mr. Guignard, I have been privileged to examine a few Provancher types in his collection. The following is a summary of this examination :— Stilpnus appendiculatus = Hemiteles humeralis ¢. Phygadeuon Guignardi = Ichneumon mendax, Cress. Flemiteles mucronatus is O K, Cryptus ornatus, O K. Cryptus erythropygus, O K. Cryptus 3-annulatus, O K. Cryptus gracilis, O K.—Cryptus rectus answers the description of this species quite as well if not a little better. They are probably synonymous, though perhaps not. 290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Cryptus albonotatus, O k. Limneria Guignardi has already been spoken of in referring to the types in Mr. Harrington’s collection. Bassus dorsalis 2 = Hemiteles &.—This is the true type and not the specimen in the Provancher collection referred to the genus Plectiscus. Ephialtes variatipes 1s the ¢ of Ephialtes macer, Cress. SYSTEMATIC VALUE OF THE LARVA OF SPERMOPHAGUS. BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. The seeds of Gleditschia triacanthus frequently show a narrow scar upon the surface. Rarely two of these scars are found upon the same seed. These scars are about one-eighth of an inch long; and indicate the presence of Spermophagus gleditschie, a Bruchid beetle, of a mottled, tawny appearance, frequently bred from these seeds in the spring. The grub remains in the seed over winter, changes to pupa in the spring and soon emerges, as a perfect beetle, through a rounded hole in the side of the bean-seed. The larva, observed by me in the middle of December, is an incurved Chrysomelaform grub, provided with three pairs of legs, as well developed as those of the larva of Zupsadis and Anthribus. Vhe thoracic segments are the thickest and the body tapers towards the apex. The head is partly sunken in the first segment. Along the sides the segments are slightly protuberant, and in other particulars an analogy to the larve of the typical Rhynchophora is shown; but the presence of thoracic legs proves the insect to belong to a different family of beetles. In the young larva the legs are probably long as in that of Bruchus. Mr. H. F. Wickham, in a paper published in 1894, describes the larva of Spermo- phagus. Prof. J]. O. Westwood, in Vol. I. of his “ Introduction,” states that the larva of Bruchus has minute legs. The larva of Lruchus fabe, Riley, has been figured by Dr. Packard (Am. Nat., Sept., 73, p. 537, fig. 141) as a footless grub with a minute head. The larva of Spermophagus shows this to be an error, the head being of considerable size, and there being six legs. The mandibles were evidently mistaken for the head by Dr. Packard ; and the head mistaken for the first segment. Mr. F. A. Marlatt (2nd Rep. Kansas Ex. Sta., p. 210) says the larva of Bruchus obsoletus, Say, is footless ; but his figures, 2 and 3, on plate IX., give a better representation and show the legs. / THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 NOTES’ ON’ A PRIP TO: THESBAMAMA ISLANDS: BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. Comparatively little is known of the insect fauna of the Bahama Islands, since most of the collectors who have gone to the West Indies have confined their attention chiefly to larger and better settled members of this great group, and as a consequence we have a tolerably fair knowledge of such of them as Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico. and Guadaloupe, with scarcely any records from the little rocky islets of which the Bahamas proper are composed. Late researches on the coast of Florida have shown a close affinity between the fauna of that region and of the Antilles, so that the study of the insects of the latter has now a direct bearing on that of those of our own domain. The short sketch which follows is intended merely as a preliminary account of a collecting trip to certain points in the British West Indies, and no more is hoped for than to give the reader a general idea of the coleopterous fauna of these at the time of year during which the collections were made. Only occa- sionally was it possible to land and work the country for insects, as the main object of the expedition, of which the writer was a member, was the study and collection of the marine invertebrata, and most of the time was necessarily devoted to them. Regarding the general characters of the Bahama Islands, it may be enough to say that they are British possessions, having been first settled in 1629 by that people, but frequently changing hands until 1783 ; since that time they have remained under English control, and are populated largely by descendants of that nationality, with a very considerable admixture of negroes, who, indeed, predominate on some of the islands, almost to the exclusion of the whites. Excepting the very small rocky islets, all are inhabited. but the soil is so light and stony that its produc- tive powers are limited, and hence we find the principal exports to be fruit, especially pineapples and cocoanuts. Aside from these, some of the larger islands export brazilleto, yellow-wood, lignum-vite and fustic, and at one time cotton was an article of considerable commercial import- ance, but is now little grown. The citrus fruits flourish, but are appar- ently not exported to any great extent. The uncultivated portions of the surface, which include the greater part of the whole area, are covered in the main by tangled thickets of various shrubs and vines difficult of penetration, and hard to work in. Owing to the broken nature of the islands, farming can only be carried on in small patches and in the most primitive manner. 292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The geographical features are rather remarkable : the group forms an irregular triangle, the sides of which are about 720, 600 and 200 miles long. ‘They lie within the influence of the trade winds, and inside the zone of hurricanes, which often do much damage, as the islands are mostly small and low, usually under roo feet above tide level, the loftiest not over 400, while often they le almost even with the water. In com- position they are chiefly white sandstone or coral rock more or less disintegrated, often with sand beaches of dazzling whiteness. Situated on the edges of coral banks, often of a most dangerous character, and with so little of commercial attractiveness, we find most of the trade between the Bahamas and United States to consist of “ fruiting,” which is carried on in small schooners of from 150 to 200 tons burthen, plying chiefly between the island ports and Baltimore. With this rather extended preliminary account, attention may now be directed towards the insect fauna. The first researches we made in this direction were on Egg Island, May 12th. ‘his is a small wooded islet about a mile in length and 67 feet high ; on the topmost point is situated a lighthouse, while the beach along the harbour is adorned with an exten- sive cocoanut grove. Arriving about six o’clock in the evening, a short trip was made ashore, one of the objects in view being the capture of fire- flies, which could be seen flitting around in the thickets. Only one could be captured, however, and this proved to be a Pyrophorus, a genus of Elaterid beetle in which the light is emitted from two whitish spots, one on each side near the hind angles of the prothorax. ‘This light is under the control of the insect to some extent, since two or three of the beetles that were knocked down became at once invisible, when they could cer- tainly have been seen had the light continued. It was found later that in such cases the Pyrophorus could often be taken by carefully feeling in the dark for it—placing the palm of the hand flat on the ground over the spot where it was thought the specimen had fallen, and its presence would then be betrayed by its “ snapping” in the manner of most elaters when pressure is applied. Next morning another opportunity was afforded for going ashore, and by beating bushes over reas umbrella a good number of additions were made to the collections of Coleoptera, though search along the beach and lagoons yielded no Cicindelidz nor Carabidz whatever. It is probable that they are rare on the island, as they seem, in fact, to be in most spots in the THE CANADIAN ENOMOLOGIST. 293 Bahamas. A number of the Staphylinid, Cafius bistriatus, Er., were taken under sea-weed, in just such situations as they frequent along our southern Atlantic coast. On the bushes were found an Odzbrus, a number of the widely-distributed Coccinella sanguinea, a little Scymnus, a curious Lathridiid which probably belongs to the genus Wonedus, and a number of specimens of a very small Corticaria. A species of Monocrepidius was found occasionally, which looks like our JZ. Zévidus. A Hemiptychus obtained here agrees with Dr. Leconte’s description of A szmilis, which occurs in Florida, while another species of the same genus, together with Catorama and a Fetalium, occurred occasionally. The Cerambycidee were represented by Hburta stigma, Oliv. (duvaliz, Chevr.), an Llaphidion of small size and two species belonging to genera not yet identified. The Chrysomelide furnished species of Cryptocephalus and Pachybrachys, the former being represented most commonly by what seems to be C. mar- ginicollis or a closely-allied form. Weevils were tolerably plentiful, especially an Avtipus, which was everywhere in evidence ; more rare were species of LPachneus and Conotrachelus. Lembodes solitarius, Boh,, a very curious weevil, found also in Florida, was beaten from herbage on the hill; it looks very little like a weevil, the posterior end being truncate and emarginate, while the pronotum is long, flattened, and extends quite over the head when the beetle is at rest. The prosternum is deeply excavated for the reception of the rather heavy beak, but the large legs seem not to be closely approximated to the body when the insect feigns death, but rather simply folded. The upper surface of the body is roughly sculptured and heavily scaled—a fringe of the latter around the anterior prothoracic margin giving that part a very strange appearance. The aspect of the beetle when shaken into a net is, on account of its grayish and brownish hues, irregular shape and sculpture, that of a small piece of dead twig, or a withered bud. During the next week the vessel was cruising on the banks, and no land was touched. All this time, of course, nothing could be done in the line of Entomological work beyond keeping a lookout for such insects as might fly or be blown on the vessel. On the morning of May 18th, while lying some fifteen miles off Riding Rock, and after a heavy squall from that direction the night before, three moths were taken on the deck of the schooner, and also a specimen of Cvcindela tortuosa. This was the first tiger-beetle our party saw in the Bahamas, though they were found in small numbers later on. 294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Water Cay, which is on the Salt Cay Bank, far to the westward of the main group of the Bahamas, was the next point at which we landed, and here a hard row of five miles was necessary to reach the shore. Only three hours were afforded for an examination of the place, and thus few insects were found. ‘The main inhabitants were sea birds, which were excessively numerous, and bred in the crannies in the rocks, and hermit crabs ( Cexobita diogenes ), which occupy the places we are used to think of as belonging to the ground beetles. The rocky surface of the Cay, with its patches of coral sand and occasional hollow filled with black soil, was destitute of the wooded covering such as we saw on Egg Island, and diversified only by a few straggling bushes and herbs. A /olycesta was taken, however, which seems to be ve/asco, while an Euphoria has been referred with some doubt to &. sepulchradis, from my specimens of which it differs in the darker colour, with less metallic lustre, and more evident white markings, as well as in the somewhat coarser sculpture. The other genera that were recognized are: Scymnus, Saprinus, Catorama, Cryptocephalus, Phaleria, Artipus and Dryotribus ; the last probably D. mmeticus, Horn, which has been taken in the Florida Keys. For several weeks after leaving Water Cay nothing further was done in the Bahamas, the intervening time being spent in the vicinity of Cuba and Florida. Returning, we finally reached Harbor Island, near the north- ern end of Eleuthera, after a long run from Key West, and were promptly run fast on a sand-bar by a pilot. Landing on the morning of August gth, the surface of the island was found to resemble that of Egg Island, which is in the immediate vicinity ; the webs of two or three large showy spiders were common in the brush, while the song of invisible Cicadas (‘“singers, ” the Bahamans call them) filled the air on every side. Butterflies were more numerous than usual, but not being the especial object of search they were neglected for the sake of the favorite Coleoptera, since there was no time to carefully collect both. Turning, therefore, to the beetles, a little PZochionus was beaten from bushes as the sole representative of the Carabide. There were plenty of Cafius bistriatus on the beach under sea-weed, while of the Coccinellide there were beaten from bushes specimens of C. sanguinea, Psyllobora nana, and a little Scymnus. Several of the MWonocrepidius mentioned as occurring on Egg Island were found here, also the Longhorn Sfadacopsis filum, Klug. Of Chrysomelide there were not many—a Halticid and an Eumolpid being and of Tenebrionidz the most notable form was a the most showy ones THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 295 Phateria allied to or identical with our Phaleria longula, but they were of a dark variety, black or brown above, with occasionally one showing a clay-coloured elytral border. Anchonus was found commonly under a drift log, this being the genus described from Southern Florida under the name Gononotus, Leconte. Artipus was extremely common in the brush, and may be found injurious in the Bahamas, as it has of late in Florida — its omnivorous habits rendering it a foe to many different plants. It is only a few hours’ run from Harbour Island to Spanish Wells, at the northern end of Eleuthera, so when some of the party came on deck next morning they were not surprised to find the vessel skimming along the rocky coast of that island, which, from its size and wooded surface, seemed to offer the most favourable conditions for collecting insects of any of the Bahamas that we had seen. About sixty miles in length, though very narrow, this island supports a larger population than most of its neighbours, and is said to be particularly adapted to the cultivation of the pineapple, while oranges, bananas and sapodillas are raised in some quantity. There are also large cocoanut groves on the beaches, the nuts being exported in greater or less numbers. Here were found the first specimens of tiger-beetles that we had seen on the islands, two species, Cicindela marginata and C. tortuosa, being taken, the former the more commonly. It was rather too warm in the sunshine to make chasing them a particularly agreeable task, so a few examples were made to fill our wants. Of Carabidee we took, or pur- chased, specimens of a Scarites, which, though probably sudterraneus, is smaller than any of these that we have seen elsewhere, Plochionus pallens and Apenes opaca. The same Staphylinide and Coccinellide were cap- tured as already given for Harbour Island, while in some of the succeeding families Eleuthera seemed much richer. A large Pyrophorus was com- mon in the cocoanut groves, the lights gleaming for a moment and then disappearing in a way very provoking to one not familiar with the ground, and likely at any moment to run intu a tree or fall over a log in the chase in the dark. The native children, however, were glad to catch them for us at the rate of a half-penny each, and in this way a good series was obtained with little trouble. The Buprestide were represented by: Acmaodera cubecola, Duval, and Gyascutus carolinensis, Horn ; the Ptinide by species of Hemiptychus, Catorama and Sinoxylon, while Longicorns were numerous in specimens, though not many species were 296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. seen. Of these, Hlateropsis rugosus, Gahan, seems worthy of special note, as it has been very rare in collections, and only since our taking it on Eleuthera has the exact habitat been known. In both sexes the upper surface is extremely roughly sculptured, forming rugosities on the disk of the thorax and elytra, and to a lesser degree on the head. ‘The antenne are brown or black, the legs reddish, but the sexes differ widely in the colour of the upper surface, which, in the males, is uniform brown or blackish, while in the females there is a broad stripe of white pubescence on the head, and three (one median, two lateral) on the prothorax, while the elytra have each a broad dorsal and narrow lateral stripe. In per- fectly fresh examples the thorax has also an incomplete transverse basal band.