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Canadian Entomologist
WOOL LIME Seine I.
EDITED BY THE
Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, MsA:, D.C.L.,
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.
ASSISTED BY
Dr. James Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa :
H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and Rev. T.
W. Fyles, South Quebec.
EEE
London, Ont.:
The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited.
1896.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME XXVili.
[SN RSE (CAN RD 65 ot 9) ea le AUBURN, ALABAMA.
EON INS NCAUIBEEAON Pasco the Tics 2). . 2) CRORE aeweren SEA CLirFF, N. Y.
Ec EW NiEaaiae Vs (Gs Je Ss (The Editor) 6 eho ae Porr foe ON’.
BLATCIILE oe Mats pl Oe a eo INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
BRATNERD, DWIGHT...... Uke. «ieee MONTREAL,
SORE IGT 1, Ni IBYINGM De Edn ss ks, . iba... os WASHINGTON, D. C.
‘OCT CG OD RG Or) 7 U0 ie Oa. Cea _. 4 ee eeIMESTELA, NEW Mexico.
oS) OL OULU ETS MIEN DES AG. Ria a ae WASHINGTON, D, C,
LOCOS IND UR C2) |S) et a tee ee oe) . HARTFORD, Conn.
YN PAN RSE TANTEI GST BAS) Ces ee a A NEW YORK.
SEV IAVNTSS J CO) G ONT OE Sears is eae eh, OS eR 5 TRENTON, ONT.
LOTUSUIRC TE NIRS 0 BIE cor aren ke i . . ee CASTE NeATRT SN SET
PeerOnbk, JAMES, DL. D...5):..:......° /ORmawa:
TQGTIERS ODA | PUG TST! EROS: Ny Vee bits x OS 5 Se ean -CAMBRIDGE, MAss.
IPG ORS RS cod Ra ee oe :) SouTH QUEBEC,
“SALT EISTOUIN S AMIR a IGN RES ES alo na TORONTO,
(EI ROAINT ITC) ng ee ie is See ORILLIA,
SC STEOUIE Ey aN BY AN OO XG 8 0) 25 IE HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
ial/a\ Nt UEVIKOUN 49 D2) 5 ft ODT (Rs aa en ALLEGHENY, PENN,
HUAN NIN 70 ee ... ¢ae WINNIPEG,
FeO Gr ONE IANG IY Eek ae. ee tes OTTAWA.
JU BSN UOTE LER TED 88 Se i a CARTWRIGHT, -MANITOBA.
JOURS rte A 1 Dect ook a rr MORGANTOWN, WEsT Va.
LEICA RST DS Be ORE ec ecco ey a WASHINGTON, D. C,
13 FUG Bf 9) 2) SR DR ....... LINCOLN, NEBRASKA.
HIROUEDINS ON Vat (ss che sc ets Saree teen ee ... » URBANA TTI.
TESTE ESCH HDT eel BI RCO Rs] DSSS StS Oe ee COLUMBUS, OHIO.
UCT RUS TE GNIS EST eel & (is ae ee ne ..... MALDEN, Mass.
LEN MUNIN. TELS Ut a anaplastic MONTREAL,
IPNUG Coll AS Doan oor. ORE ee... ee ae IrHaca, N. Y.
ISIDORE aig Gis 2 LO) ESR a ey a ane RO 1. «+ ca WASHINGTON. DC:
IMLS LG 2) Gel REN WEI (2 . .....+.. WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND.
MOFFAT, J. ALSTON. =... a sh LONDON, ON?T.
OMB ET RSI USTONN | (G3 Yel al bo] SST ae aR a CARLINVILLE, ILL,
j DUS MENUS OEY) G21 Re DRS i ae MORGANTOWN, WEST VA,
SY CAG INN UAT Os Ge Ne Se ae WASHINGTON, D. C.
SIS TIO UBER S35 71 Beers cos Sl coe Ne a cr CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
SUNN FUR MOR. UEINIRY nin 1 ets... .... PHILADELPHIA,
SUL JON CAL OU RS GPE Ds es Nae eet tee a IrHaca, N, Y.
SOTO es bs ARN) si CO BS hd Baa ee NEw Brunswick, N. J.
SINT TDI SIRENS Elliot, 6 Slory) eae: 2" =2- oa Salis Macrobasis.
Second joint of antenne shorter than the third, usually not more
than half as long.
Antenne not thickened towards the tip, setaceous, usually much
longer than the head and thorax. Surface of body not
metallic: s Ae eee os. oN wien ennmene ..... Lpicauta.
Antenne scarcely longer than the head and thorax, much thick-
ened towards the tip; the outer joints short and broad.
Labrum deeply emarginate at middle...-.---- . Pomphopea.
Antennz extending beyond base of thorax, the joints bead-like
in form; labrum slightly emarginate at middle. Surface of
body metallicsowaeees- Sy so ees ve aeve es Cantharts.
It will be understood that the above characters are not of necessity
essential, and that they are intended to apply only to the Canadian forms
constituting the genera, Several species of Cantharis from other regions
are not metallic, and there is a great range of variation in the form: of the
antenne. This matter is discussed more fully in Dr. Horn’s papers, the
titles of which may be found in the bibliography. .
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33
Metog, Linn.
‘A most difficult genus to treat. The species are clumsy insects
with short elytra, which do not cover the large, unwieldy abdomen. They
may be found crawling about on low herbage during the cooler portions
of the day, or sometimes on flowers ; apparently they are most common
in autumn and spring. When disturbed they emit a disagreeable fluid
from the joints
As one of the species is lacking in our collection, we have applied to
Dr. Horn’ for the synopsis serving to separate the four Canadian forms
among themselves.
Thorax evidently longer than wide, sparsley and irregularly punctate.
Elytra rather finely strigose and subopaque; general colour dull blue;
head scarcely punctate.....................americanus, Leach.
Thorax not longer than wide.
General colour black, dull ; thorax coarsely punctured and with an
impression on basal half of median line........zmpressus, Kirby.
Blue-black, slightly shining; thorax moderately densely punctate,
disk not impressed ; elytra not roughly sculptured...zéger, Kirby.
Decidedly blue and rather shining; thorax very coarsely, deeply, not
densely punctured, disk not impressed; elytra rather coarsely
BOT TUM ERC 104 crak fa eta = gece > +i x.«,-. «= yy u tormeeb eal en a BAEECA SE COLLIS AS
Macropsasis, Lec.
Contains only one as rk
Canadian species, J. unzi-
color, Kirby. (Fig. 2.) The
body is black, covered
with whitish hairs which
give an ashen appearance
to the insect. The male
differs from the female in
having the second antennal ee
joint longer than the third and fourth together. Length, .32—.64 in.
Often occurs in such numbers on potato vines as to do tonsiderable
mischief.
Epicauta, Redt.
Four species recorded from Canada are included here. They re-
semble only the preceding genus in form and may be readily separated
from it by the antennal characters. In habits they also resemble J/acro-
34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
éasis, being found commonly on flowers or herbage. We have taken
trichrus on convolvulus, pennsylvanica on golden-rod, ferruginea on
Helianthus, and v7¢fata on various low plants along river banks.
Elytra yellowish with two black stripes. .50-.80 in...vé¢tata,Fab. (Fig. 3).
Elytra unicolorous, never striped. ;
Antenne scarcely tapering to tip, joints nearly cylin-
drical.
Colour usually black; head in great part red;
varies occasionally in being entirely covered
with cinereous pubescence ; thorax longer than
wide, more densely punctured than the head. *,._ f
EROS SSO ANA nc.) ho ape Sec< + STACAT YS, Oa
Colour ferruginous or cinereous, owing to the dense pubes-
cence ; thorax not longer than wide, not differently punctured
from the head ; antennge short. .12-.36 in. .fervruginea, Say.
Antenne tapering at tip, joints looser and more constricted or
narrowed at base.
Black, coarsely pubescent ; head and thorax similar in punc-
tuation. .28-.50 in.................pennsylvanica, DeG.
PomMPHopaa, Lec.
P. Sayi, Lec., has been reported from the Sudbury district. It is a
greenish insect, .60-.70 in. long, with short antenne which enlarge
towards the tip. The legs are reddish-yellow ; the knees, tips of tibie
and tarsi, dark.
CanrTuaris, Linn.
Two very fine metallic green or bronzed species belong here. They
separate best by the use of secondary sexual characters, as made known
by Dr. Horn, thus :—
Fifth abdominal segment of ¢ with a broad emargination, which is
bisinuate at bottom ; lateral lobes rather prominent. Female with
hind trochanter subangulate. .64-1.10 in.......... LVuttall, Say.
Fifth abdominal segment of ¢ with an acute notch at middle, the lateral
lobes broadly rounded. Hind trochanters of ¢ not subangulate. °
GO=;7O 1. aren eye 5 we ween ss» CYGRIPCHHIS. eee
In both of the aero species ite ae troghiahters of the male are
armed with a spine at middle, and by this character they may be separ-
ated from C. viridana, Lec., which occurs in the Northwest Territory.
The males here have the hind trochanters unarmed.
THE: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35
In the further study of the Meloide the student will find the follow-
ing works of value :—
1853. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., VI.
1866. Leconte, J. L. New Species of North American Coleoptera.
Smithsonian Institution. Pyrota, p. 159; LPomphopea, p. 160.
1873. Horn, Geo. H. Revision of the Species of Several Genera of
Meloide of the United States. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII.
1875. Horn, Geo. H. Synonymical Notes and Descriptions of New
Species of North American Coleoptera. Zonztis, p. 155. Tr.
Am. Epto. Soc., V.
1878. Horn, Geo. H. Contributions to the Coleopterology of the United
States, No. 2. Cadlospasta, p. 59. Tr. Am. Ento. Soc., VII.
1880. Leconte, J. L. Short Studies of North American Coleoptera.
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., VIII. Memognatha, p. 212.
1885. Horn, Geo. H. Studies among the Meloide. ‘Trans. Am. Ento.
Soc. A,
In addition to the above, a few notes on the smaller genera have
been published, and certain portions of various larger ones gone over,
but these titles have been omitted for lack of space.
THE. NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF GNATHODUS.
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO.
The genus Grathodus, as at present accepted, includes forms closely
allied to Cicadu/a, but differing in having only two apical cells in the
wing. They are of a weaker build than species of Cicadu/a, and a
characteristic appearance from above makes them readily distinguishable
from any of that genus. The species are very variable and difficult to
define. They are small, more or less slender, greenish, yellowish, or
whitish Jassids, usually without distinct markings. he ocelli are distant
from the eyes. The clypeus usually somewhat exceeds the genze. The
ovipositor rarely exceeds the pygofers. In the United States at least,
most of the species are of very wide distribution.
TABLE OF SPECIES.
A. Head wider than pronotum ; vertex not at all produced ; colour
very pale sordid greenish-fuscous, elytra whitish-subhyaline,
sternum black ; length, 3-3.25 mm............abdominalis.
AA. Head narrower than pronotum, often much so.
36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
B.. Sternum green or yellow.
C. Size medium to small; length, 3-4.25 mm.; vertex not strongly
produced.
D. Elytra whitish-translucent; head and thorax or olive-green ;
slender ; length, 3.5-4 mm..... .. .. 2s. Umpictus.
DD. Elytra whitish. subhyaline, Seni to yellow 4 on ae two-thirds;
head and thorax yellow or yellowish-green ; robust, length,
3.7 5S Al DOM ss. icky pee teetes impictus, var. flavus, Ni. var,
DDD. Elytra pale eee 3 head and thorax green ; slender,
length, | 4525 mam ves ‘ oi ts dels a RCRMMES, TOS
CC. Size large; length, 5 mm.; vertex Geronely produ’: yellowish
throughout, with hyaline elytra. 2% <+)- — ai laid cue
BB. Sternum black.
E. Face at least, and usually vertex, pronotum, and scutel, with dis-
tinct fuscous markings.
F. Elytra not distinctly maculated with black ; vertex not
produced.. 5 Jats © Los ot, SiO Rey meee
FF. Elytra more or leas sthonely irked ait ‘Bigeks vertex distinctly
produced. . SSRs Sela ots Gos" 1s ee punctatus.
EE. Face, vertex, nEROENeT and fecgellitm greenish, without distinct
fuscous markings.
G. Elytra whitish-translucent throughout ; veins narrowly greenish ;
slender, length; \4.25.mim. ..... .: ......2 .), Occe@emeaien. pA SD.
GG. Elytra pearly-white, green towards the base; veins broadly green;
robust, -length, 4.5:mm os. ..........0... Ligiggsonms Teeap:
Guathodus abdominalis, VanD.
1892. VanDuzee, Can. EnT., XXIV., p. 113.
1894. VanDuzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI., p. 307.
1895. Gillette & Baker, Prelim., List Hemip., Colo., p. 104.
1895. Gillette, 7th Ann. Rep. Colo. Exp. Sta., p. 60.
Head wider than pronotum. Face a fourth wider than long. Front
two-sevenths longer than wide, two and one-sixth times longer than the
clypeus. Clypeus broader at base than at tip, sides subparallel or
slightly incurved, tip broadly rounded. Vertex evenly rounded, not pro-
duced. Pronotum two and one-eighth times as wide as long, length two
and a fourth times that of the vertex, hind margin nearly straight,
curvature about half of the length. Ovipositor exceeding the pygofers.
Hind margin of the last ventral segment in the female apparently slightly
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, a7
bisinuate. Plate in male evenly rounded; valves narrowly, strongly
produced, exceeding the plate by twice its length ; tips straight.
Colour pale yellowish-fuscous on the head and thorax, the latter
sometimes with three faint longitudinal fuscous stripes. Front more or
less washed with rufous. Elytra whitish-subhayline; sternum black.
Abdomen above black except margins of segments. Venter yellow.
Length, 3 mm.
The above description was prepared from Colorado specimens
determined as straight abdominalis by Mr. VanDuzee. The distribution
of the species in Colorado, as far as determined, is given in Prelim. List
Hemip. Colo. In this State it has been recorded from barley and sugar-
beet. The species was originally described from New Jersey (Smith).
I have before me, also, specimens from the collection of the Ill. State Lab.
Nat. Hist., bearing data as follows: June 19, on wheat; July 27 ; Sept.
17, on wheat.
In the original description, Mr. VanDuzee says of the male genitalia:
“‘ Valve large, as long as the two apical ventral segments taken together ;
apex angled, subacute. Plates but little surpassing the valve, etc.”
However, in our specimens—determined by Mr. VanDuzee—they are as
described above. In this genus, within certain limits, the genitalia are
variable in form. Moreover, as among Typhlocybids, many marked
changes are produced in the genitalia by drying, so that most characters
drawn from these parts require verification in fresh specimens.
In this species the ocelli are rather nearer to the eyes than is usual
in the genus.
Gnathodus impictus, VanD.
1892. VanDuzee, Can. Ent., XXIV., p. 113.
1894. VanDuzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXL, p. 307.
Head narrower than the pronotum. Face one-sixth wider than long.
Front two-sevenths longer than wide, twice the length of the clypeus.
Clypeus as broad at tip as at base, sides subparallel, tip strongly, evenly
rounded. Genz broad below the lore. Vertex distinctly produced.
Pronotum little less than twice wider than long, length two and a-half
times that of the vertex, hind margin distinctly incurved, curvature less
than half the length. Ovipositor about equalling pygofers. Hind margin
of last ventral segment of female truncate or slightly incurved. Plate in
male strongly rounded ; valves strongly produced; tips as long as: discs,
slender, incurved at apex ; valves and pygofers with strong white spines,
38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Colour green, yellowish beneath and on scutel; anterior edge of
pronotum and basal angle of scutel with faint indications of rufous.
Abdomen above, except margins of segments, black. Elytra whitish-
translucent, costa at base sometimes greenish. Length, 3.5-4 mm.
The above description was made from a male and female collected
at Lakeland, Md. (F.C. Pratt). These do not fit the original description
exactly in the form of the male genitalia, but the difference is not specific
and the specimens are otherwise typical. I also have specimens before
me from Salineville, Ohio (Cornell Univ. Coll.); Washington, D. C.
(Heidemann); Ag. Coll. Miss. (H. E. Weed). Specimens from the
collection of the Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist. bear the following data :—
April 23, on rye; May 7, on strawberry; May 9g, on blue-grass; June
22, on wheat. The species was originally described from New Bruns-
wick, N. J. (Smith).
Gnuathodus impictus, var. flavus, Nn. var.
Slightly larger and more robust than typical zmpictus. Colour
yellow or greenish-yellow throughout, including the subhayline elytra
towards the base. Also varying from typical z#pzctus in the form of the
vertex, face, and male genitalia.
Described from three large series of specimens. The first from
Ithaca, N. Y., (Cornell Univ. Coll.). The second from the collection of
Mr. Chas. Hart (Illinois :—Acc. Nos. 500-5 12-514-522-525-526-5 30-535).
The third from the collection of the Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., bearing
data as follows: —May 15; June 17, on weeds; June 26, on clover;
July 2 to 25.
This is one of the most puzzling lot of Jassids that has ever come
to my notice. The variation in colour, form, and structure seems extreme,
and yet is gradual throughout the whole series. The vertex varies from
scarcely at all produced to distinctly produced. The valves in the male
vary from not at all produced to the typical form, though the character of
the tips is the same in every case. -The specimens from Illinois are
mostly entirely yellow, though greenish forms occur. On the other hand,
those from New York are mostly distinctly greenish-yellow, the yellow
forms being rare.
Gnathodus medius, 0. sp.
Female: Head narrower than the pronotum. Face about a twelfth
wider than long. Front two-fifths longer than wide, length little more
than twice that of the clypeus, Clypeus with sides straight, gradually
Reh pp eZ. Fe A.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39
evenly broadening to a truncate tip, exceeding the gene more than usual.
Genz of medium width below the lore. Vertex slightly produced at
middle. Pronotum four-fifths wider than long, length four times that of
the vertex, curvature little less than half the length, hind margins slightly
concave. Last ventral segment truncate, lateral angles curved down-
ward. Ovipositor about equalling pygofers, the latter with scattering
short white spines on the apical two-thirds.
Colour yellowish-green. Front with faint indications of one or two
transverse arcs. Basal angles of scutellum somewhat darker. Elytra
hyaline, with nervures, and costal and inner margins at base, greenish.
Sternum greenish. Abdomen above, except margins of segments, black.
Length, 4.25 mm.
Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). This form is near zmpictus,
but is longer and more slender. It also differs in other respects as
described above. Larger series from intermediate points, may show it to
be but a variety of zmpictus.
Gnathodus manitou, G. & B.
1895. Gillette & Baker, Prelim. List Hemip. Colo.,, p. 105. Fig.
** Face finely shagreened, a seventh wider than long ; clypeus nearly
twice as long as broad, rounded at the tip, slightly constricted before the
base, basal suture strongly curved ; lor nearly as long and three-fourths
as broad as the clypeus ; gene moderately broad, rather deeply depressed
beneath the eyes, outer margin angularly incised below the eyes, sharply
rounded below, attaining the tip of the clypeus; front one-half longer
than broad, twice as long as the clypeus, gradually narrowing below,
obtusely rounded above. Vertex one-half longer on the middle than next
the eyes, width between the eyes two and one-half times the length at the
middle. Pronotum five-sixths broader than long, two and three-fifths
times longer than the vertex, curvature two-fifths of the length, posterior
margin very slightly concave, anteriorly smooth, posteriorly with scattered
feeble punctures, on the posterior median portion finely obliquely rugose,
the lines converging backwards. Last ventral segment feebly rounded
behind, nearly truncate, pygofers with numerous stout hairs along the
whole length. Colour pale green, unicolorous. Elytra hyaline.
“ Length, 5 mm. Described from one female.
“ Manitou, July (Tucker).”
As this species is only known from the unique type, I quote the
original description. The colour should have been stated as yellowish-
green instead of pale green
A() THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Gnathodus confusus, G. & B.
1895. Gillette & Baker, Prelim. List Hemip. Colo., p. 104. Fig.
“Face one-fifth wider than long; clypeus twice as long as broad,
basal suture strongly curved, somewhat constricted near the base,
broadest near the tip ; lore about three-fourths as broad and three-fourths
as long as the clypeus; genz broadly depressed beneath the eyes,
margin beneath the eyes inverted, broadly rounded below, moderately
broad beiow the lore and attaining the tip of the clypeus ; front one-fifth
longer than broad, once and two-thirds the length of the clypeus, supe-
riorly broadly rounded. Face, vertex, and pronotum finely shagreened.
Vertex scarcely longer on the middle than next the eyes, width between
the eyes slightly more than fcur times the length at the middle.
Pronotum slightly less than twice as broad as long, length nearly four
times that of the vertex, curvature about one-half of length, considerably
wider than the head, hind margin slightly concave. Transverse groove
of scutellum black. Hind margin of last ventral segment of female
truncate. Colour yellowish-green. Face sordid yellow, basal angles of
the clypeus with an infuscated spot. Vertex of the same colour as the
face, with three indistinct longitudinal smoky bands, the ocelli in light
areas. Pronotum light yellowish-green on the anterior and lateral
margins, darker green on the middle, two dark brown spots medially just
back of the anterior margin, the latter in some specimens entirely obso-
lete. Scutellum pale yellow, basal angles darker. Elytra greenish-sub-
hyaline, slightly maculate with brown near the clavus, somewhat smoky
towards the tip. Tergum black with the apical margins of the segments
yellow. Venter yellow with the first two or three segments black at the
base, pygofers yellowish. Sternum black. Legs yellowish throughout,
with infuscated lines on the outside of the femora. ;
“ Length, 3.75 mm, Described from seven females.
‘‘ Pleasant Valley, seven miles north-west of Fort Collins, June 12th ;
Estes Park, July 12th (Gillette); Steamboat Springs, July 12th, on
Carex (Baker).
‘We have a single female specimen which seems distinct from this
species, but to which at this time we hesitate giving a name. It differs
as follows: The colour more yellowish. Pronotum distinctly less than
twice broader than long. Length, 4 mm.
‘‘Estes Park, July 12th (Gillette).”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A]
I quote the original description. Larger series of this species show
some variation from the types. With the exception of two specimens
from the collection of the Ill, State Lab. Nat. Hist. (Acc. 1880-4620), I
have seen no specimens taken outside of Colorado. This form may
eventually prove to be a variety of punctatus. In confusus the vertex is
evenly rounded, not produced, while in punctatus it is distinctly pro-
duced. Confusus also lacks the conspicuous maculation of the elytra.
In some specimens the markings vary to a bright fulvous.
Guathodus punctatus (Thunb,) Fieb.*
1782. Thunberg, Act. Ups., VI., p. 21 (Cicada punctata).
1866. Fieber, Verh. d. zool.-bot. Gesell, Wien, XVI., p. 505.
(Gnathodus punctatus ).
1872. Provancher, Nat. Can., IV., p. 378 ( Zyphlocyba rosea).
1890. Provancher, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., III., p. 300-301 ( Zyphlo-
cyba punctata and T° jocosa.).
1894. VanDuzee, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXI., p. 307.
Distinguished by the more or less strongly maculated elytra and
produced vertex. Otherwise very closely resembling confusus. A care-
ful comparison between series of the American forms referred to this
species, and authentic specimens of the European punctatus, would be
very desirable.
This species is probably widely distributed in the U.S. I have
collected it at Ag. Coll., Michigan, and at Fort Collins, Colo., and also
have specimens from Ithaca, N. Y. (Cornell Univ. Coll.). There is con-
siderable variation in colour, some specimens having strong pink or
roseate suffusion, others being quite strongly green.
Gnathodus occidentalis, n. sp.
Head narrower than pronotum. Face an eighth wider than long.
Front about a half longer than wide, and twice the length of the clypeus.
Clypeus gradually broadening to the very slightly rounded tip. Gene
broad below lorz. Vertex very slightly produced at the middle. Pro-
notum about seven-eighths wider than long, three and two-thirds the
length of the vertex, curvature seven-fifteenths of the length. Last
ventral segment of female truncate at tip. Ovipositor equalling pygofers,
*The synonymy of this species is essentially the same as that given by Mr. Van-
Duzee in his “‘ List of N. A. Jassoidea.”” The extended European bibliography I do not
attempt to give,
42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the latter with very short, weak, white spines. Valves of male with long
white spines on edges of discs, tips produced into finger-like processes as
long as discs.
Colour pale green. Face with faint indications of about three
brownish arcs. Basal angles of scutellum yellowish. Elytra milky white,
with the veins and costal margin greenish. Sternum black. Abdomen
above, and beneath at base, except margins of segments, black. Length,
4.25 mm.
Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper). This form may prove to be a
variety of medius on the examination of large series, but it differs in
having a black sternum and milky elytra.
Guathodus Livingstonii, n. sp.
Female: Head narrower than the pronotum. Face a twelfth wider
than long. Front a fourth longer than wide, somewhat less than twice
the length of the clypeus. Clypeus gradually broadening to the truncate
tip. Genz narrow below the lore. Vertex very slightly and broadly
produced, with a small but distinct pit on either side at base, midway
between the median line and eye. Pronotum two-thirds wider than long,
about four times the length of the vertex ; curvature seven-sixteenths of
the length, hind margin straight. Hind margin of last ventral segment
truncate. Ovipositor about equalling pygofers, the latter with rather-long
whitish spines on the apical two-thirds.
Colour bright, rather deep, green. Scutellum yellowish at basal
angles. Elytra pearly-white, greenish towards the base, nervures broadly
green. Sternum, abdomen above and at base beneath except margins of
segments, black. Robust. Length, 4.5 mm. :
Corfield, Vancouver Island, B. C. (Mr. Clermont Livingston).
This is one of many most interesting things which Mr. Livingston’s
industry has turned up in Vancouver Island, and I take pleasure in
dedicating it to him. It is near ocezdentalis, but is longer, more robust,
and differs in coloration.
PROSGPIS SUBTILIS,
Prosopis mesill@, n. n.
Syn. £. subtilis, Fox in litt., Ckil., Tr. Am. Ent. Sdc., 1895, p. 295.
(Not P. subtzlis, Forst.) T. DD. A. COCKERELL.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43
NEW CULICIDA FROM NORTH AMERICA.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D.C.
In the course of identifying the Culicide in the National Museum
collection and ‘those received by Mr. L. O. Howard from various corre-
spondents, for mention in a paper which he is about to publish, entitled,
“Notes on the Life-history of Cudex pungens, with remarks about other
Mosquitoes,” three forms were met with which clearly represent new
species ; and as Mr. Howard desires to exclude all matter of a purely
technical nature from his’ paper, it was deemed abvisable to publish the
new species in one of our scientific periodicals. Accordingly, the descrip-
tions are offered herewith :—
Culex signifer, 1. sp.— 9. Head velvet black, its tomentum silvery-
white, the pile black ; antenne, proboscis and paipi black, their tomen-
tum mixed brown and silvery-white, that on apices of palpi wholly silvery.
Thorax velvety brownish-black, marked on the anterior half with two
silvery-white subdorsal vitte, and with a silvery-white arcuate lateral line
extending the entire length of the thorax; pleura marked with several
spots of silvery-white tomentum ; scutellum with two spots of similar
tomentum on the upper side and one at the tip. Abdomen black, its
tomentum violaceous, that at base of each segment white. Legs brown,
femora largely yellowish, the tomentum mixed brown and silvery-white,
that at apices of tibie pure white, each end of tarsal joints white, most
extended on the hind tarsi; tarsal claws destitute of teeth on the under
side. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish, the scales mixed brown and white;
length, 4.8 mm.
District of Columbia. (POLESITES WalLEGba Guten.
Segments entirely of one’colour........\..-..-%.+-. 5 Bn
7. Entirely dilute greenish, immaculate. Habitat—Boreal
Europe a. io. s jos See eta ys. "POLST TIS Pras ineies,
Entirely reddish-violaceous ; antennz and feet blue-black. Habitat—
Boreal Europe ......-.+........: "palustris fucicola, Reuter.
*Species not seen.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49
8. Mucro with the first tooth horizontal, without any tendency towards
forming a vertical or subvertical hook.. TRENT SPECIE B
Mucro with the first tooth vertical or aubleertival, at least somewhat
hooked. . Don Ca PPR fo ace ort Vent, SMEE hae STEP OME a
9: ee ea } See ba (28
Mucro with three teeth—the first very Phare eoreonial, appearing
somewhat as when the first tooth is at the base of the second ;
the second and third, long, vertical, subequal. There is a
round knot-like prominence at the base of the mucro, but it is
not tooth-like ; superior claw without teeth on the outer and
inner margins; inferior claw scarcely dilated on the inner
margin, with a tooth at middle ; dentes twice the length of the
manubrium ; the furcula reaching the ventral tube ; body, legs
and furcula, yellowish; eye spot black ; antenne a little longer
than the head, purplish at apex. Habitat—Salem,
UAV WARSTE Ge Sie ee lea ao APY RONAN 10077704 To 8 B45 3
to. Manubrium longer than the dentes ; furcula not reaching the ventral
tube; superior claw without teeth on the outer and inner
margins ; inferior claw with the inner margin not at all dilated,
and without teeth ; tibie with two tenant hairs; body mottled
grayish, paler at the apices of the segments ; antenne and legs
white ; antennze but little longer than the head ; body long and
slender. Habitat—Fort Collins, Colorado (Carl
Bc Ester retire epee ts Pein < t.00 s a's i A eee CVOI Aa Ey SI,
Manubrium shorter than the dentes, not extending beyond the apex
of the abdomen; furcula not reaching the ventral tube ;
superior and inferior claws without teeth ; inner margin of the
inferior claw greatly and roundly dilated; mucro with two
teeth—the first horizontal and pointedly rounded, the second
vertical, of the same length as the first, pointed at apex ; body,
legs, antennz, and furcula, white ; antenne not longer than the
head. Collected on water drawn from a well. Habitat—Baton
Rouge, Louisiana ba A. Morgan).........manubriata, n. sp.
. Mucro with two teeth . Ba eo )'a te ah ho Ge eR Stace Pe erica ay Ae Dee
Mucro with three or more. oe is ey
12. Teeth of mucro indistinct ; mucro sighed bile a TeSition be sine rim of
a wagon wheel, the cut end transversely emarginate, the dorsal
and ventral corners forming the teeth; the superior and
D0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
inferior claws without teeth ; the inferior claw dilated on the
inner margin; antenne not twice as long as -the head.
Habitat—Nova Zembla, Northern Siberia, and
Greenland ii aoail ation easement . *bidendiculata, Tullb.
Teeth of mucro distinct, peomninene two fee slietlly longer than the
second, both pointing caudad; superior and inferior claws
without teeth ; inferior claw of inner margin roundly dilated at
middle ; furcula reaching the ventral tube ; dentes twice as long
as the manubrium ; body and antennez blackish; legs and
furcula white ; antenne a little longer than the head, the second
and third segments dilated at apex. Habitat—Salineville,
Ohideirs es SRLS FR ie ee SL. EE
13. Mucro with three teeth. Devaar Feces Ps Sa
Mucro with four eee the first hon: Woke ie secon ues
vertical, and about as long as the mucro is wide ; the third and
fourth subequal to the second, vertical and opposite ; superior
claw without teeth; the inferior claw without teeth, but with
the inner margin broadly, roundly, dilated ; furcula not attaining
the ventral tube; the dentes and manubrium subequal in
length ; body and antenne yellowish, mottled with gray ; legs
and furcula white; antenne not longer than the head.
Habitat— Dover, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse) ....asica, n. sp.
14. Superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin, inner margin with-
out teeth ; inferior claw without teeth, and the inner margin
broadly, roundly, dilated ; mucro with three teeth, the first and
second of the same length, pointing in the same direction, and
in the same line, the third shorter, vertical ; furcula attaining
the ventral tube ; dentes twice the length of the manubrium ;,
body and antennz brownish-black ; legs and furcula white ;
antenne a little Ba bau the head. Habitat—Salem,
Ohio. waves era to .communa, . Sp.
Superior oe wihouit a tool on ie outer margin..... BAA ons
15. Second tooth of mucro shorter than either the first or third, the third
as long or longer than the first, all pointing dorso-caudad ;
superior and inferior claws without teeth; inferior claw some-
what dilated on the inner margin towards the base; furcula
reaching the ventral tuhe; dentes twice the length of the
* Species not seen,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. dl
manubrium ; body and antenne dilute purplish ; legs and furcula
white ; antennz a little longer than the head. ‘This species is
paralleled in the European fauna by Zsotoma sensibilis, Tullb.
Habitat—Salineville, Ohio.................¢rispinata, n. sp.
Second tooth of mucro as long as either the first or third........16.
16. Inferior claw without a tooth onthe inner margin..............17.
Inferior claw with a tooth on the inner margin, strongly dilated at
middle; superior claw without teeth on the outer or inner
margins, the outer margin roundly interrupted at middle ; mucro
with three teeth, the first long, terminal, evenly curved, and of
the same length as the second, the second and third of the same
length, opposite, as long as the mucro is wide, and pointing in
the same direction as the first ; furcula long, reaching to near
the ventral tube ; dentes very slightly longer than the manu-
brium ; body yellowish; furcula and legs white; antenne
yellowish, apices of the segments purplish; apical segment semi-
circular. Habitat—Fredericksburg, Virginia (William D. Rich-
SEASON nea ee ace ata ss La ee er eeenraras NASD.
17. Furcula reaching the ventral tube ; the dentes twice as long as the
ranubrium ; superior and inferior claws without teeth ; inferior
claw with its inner margin roundly dilated towards the base ;
mucro with three teeth, the first tooth distant from the second,
making a prominent curve, and pointing dorso-caudad, the
second and third vertical, subequal in length, if any difference
the third the shortest ; body, legs, antennee, and furcula, white ;
antenne slightly longer than the head ; eye spots black. It is
impossible to distinguish living specimens of this species from
the smaller species of Zipura, except when they jump.
Habitat—Maine, Massachusetts, and New York. .a/bed/a, Pack.
Furcula not reaching the ventral tube ; the manubrium distinctly
longer than the dentes; superior and inferior claws without
teeth ; the superior claw wide at base, a short distance from
which it is suddenly and greatly constricted ; the inferior claw
with the inner margin dilated at base, rounded out at apex ;
mucro with three teeth, the first long, subvertical, distinctly
hooked, the second and third of the same length, on opposite
sides, and almost opposite ; body, legs, antenne, and furcula,
blackish ; head elongate ; antenne about as long as the head,
18,
IQ.
20.
22.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the first and second segments dilated, as broad as long, and
twice as broad as the third or fourth.. Habitat.— Polaris
Bay.. oe ial iS eS . Besselsii, Pack.
Superior nae att one abit on the inner margin. PPT is areas
Superior claw with two teeth on the inner margin..............33.
Superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin................28.
Superior claw without a tooth on the outer margin.............20.
Inferior claw with a tooth on the inner margin.................26.
Inferior claw without a tooth on the inner margin..............21.
Mucro emarginate at apex, the dorsal angle immediately dorsad of
the ventral angle, with two teeth, the dorsal angle being the first,
the second of the same length, but more pointed ; furcula reach-
ing the ventral tube ; dentes twice the length of the manubrium;
superior claw with a single tooth on the inner margin and none
on the outer margin; inferior claw without teeth, dilated at
base, the dilation interrupted before the middle, making a right
angle ; antennz and body bluish-black ; legs brownish ; furcula
white ; antenne one-third longer than the head. Habitat—
Salineville, Qhio os ANS. fees eee ss 0 ne
Mucro not emarginate at apex. .=....... 5. .... 5) sue ee
Mucro with two or three teeth. eee Seaal Pat
Mucro with four teeth, the first ake: a mere Annas he es | and
third of the same length, vertical, as long as the mucro is wide,
the fourth slightly shorter than the third and laterad of it, its
base in a more dorsal plane, and pointing caudad ; furcula
attaining the ventral tube ; dentes more than twice the length of ©
the manubrium ; superior claw with a single tooth on the inner
margin and none on the outer margin ; the inferior claw without
teeth, the inner margin slightly dilated; body and antenne
mottled black ; legs and furcula white ; antennz longer than the
head. MHabitat—Salineville, Ohio.........synonymica, n. sp.
23. First tooth of mucro horizontal or subhorizontal...... ciebee mvc peat
First tooth of mucro forming a distinct hook................ 25.
24. Mucro with three teeth, the first subhorizontal, broad, the second and
third longer than the first, of equal length, one behind the other,
pointing cephalad ; furcula not reaching the ventral tube ; the
dentes twice the length of the manubrium ; superior claw with-
out teeth on the outer margin and with a single tooth on the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Or
SN)
inner margin; inferior claw without teeth, the inner margin
broadly, roundly, dilated; tibiz with two tenant hairs ; body
dilute black ; antennee, legs, and furcula, dirty white ; manu-
brium scarcely extending beyond the apex of the abdomen ; body
long and slender; antenne not longer than the head. Hab-
itat—Dover, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse), and Ithaca, New
Wiener eeererist Krol). ss. . 3. ie a eeearara,, DSP.
Mucro with two teeth, the first horizontal, the second vertical, of the —
same length as the first ; furcula not reaching the ventral tube ;
dentes slightly longer than the manubrium ; superior claw with-
out a tooth on the outer margin, and with a single tooth on the
inner margin ; inferior claw without teeth, and not dilated on
the inner margin ; body, legs, antennz, and furcula, white ;
manubrium not extending beyond the apex of the abdomen ;
antenne of the same length as the head. Habitat—Maine and
MPASSAGHMGCELStaart silt i, ss. i + wis te SS aie eek oats.) PACK:
25. Dentes and manubrium subequal in length; furcula not attaining
the ventral tube; superior claw without teeth on the outer
margin, and with a single tooth on the inner margin ; inferior
claw without teeth, the inner margin not dilated; mucro with
three teeth, all in the same line, the first terminal, minute,
vertical, and forming a distinct hook; the second and third as
Jong as the mucro is wide, and pointing cephalad; body,
antennz, and legs blackish-purple ; furcula white; antennz
short, hardly as long as the head, the fourth segment longer
than the three basal segments combined. Habitat—Salineville,
OTT iar ee ek ee Rs ae | Bae Onan pCR TS),
Denies more than twice as long as Hid rier meee furcula attaining
the ventral tube ; mucro with three teeth, the first long, distinctly
hooked, not extending dorsad beyond the middle of the second
tooth ; the second long, pointed, broad at base, about as long
as the mucro is wide, and pointing dorsad ; the third cephalad
of the second, about half as Jarge, and extending dorso-ventrad ;
superior claw without teeth on the outer margin, and with a
single tooth on the inner margin ; inferior claw without teeth,
the inner margin greatly dilated; body, legs, antenne, and
furcula, snuff-yellow ; antennze about twice as long as the head.
In determining this species great care will need to be taken, or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
\
the tocth on the inner margin of the superior claw will be over-
looked; it is very faint, scarcely perceptible in some cases. The
type specimens of /sofoma Wadkerii appear to be lost. There
is nothing in the description of Wa/kerii to hinder its being
united with Jsotoma Jleonina. The only definite characters
given in the description of Wadkerii are a comparison of the
lengths of the segments of the antenne. Specimens that are
undoubtedly J/eoniuza, and compared with the types of that
species, do not differ from the description of Wadkerit. A
very common species under the bark of recently felled trees.
Habitat—Massachusetts (Packard) ; Ithaca, New
Vork Oo R eae ate hc ae) os ll One
26. Tibiz without tenant hairs ; superior claw without teeth on the outer
margin, and a single tooth on the inner margin ; inferior claw
with a tooth on the inner margin ; mucro with three teeth—the
first forming a blunt, subhorizontal, obliquely rounded end ; the
second and third of the same length, about as long as the
mucro is wide; the third tooth in a higher plane than the
second ; furcula not attaining the ventral tube; dentes longer
than the manubrium ; body black, paler at apices of the seg-
ments ; antenn dirty white; legs and furcula white ; antenne
as long as the head. Habitat—Salineville, Ohio. . odso/eta,n.sp. .
Tibi with tenant hairs... .05 26. bos . oss seeds pe ee
27. Mucro with three teeth—the first long, distant from the second, and
making a distinct vertical hook ; the second of the same length
as the first, vertical, and in the same line; the third smaller
than the second, and not in the same line ; furcula attaining the
ventral tube ; dentes twice the length of the manubrium ;
superior claw without teeth on the outer margin, and a single
tooth on the inner margin ; inferior claw greatly dilated at base,
dilation squarely interrupted at middle, and with a distinct
tooth on the outer angle of the dilation ; tibiz with two tenant
hairs ; body and antennz black, paler at the juncture of the
segments ; legs dirty white, blackish at base; furcula white ;
antenne slightly longer than the head; a bristle at the apex of
the dentes extends beyond the apex of the mucro. Habitat—
Dover, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse)... ....deferminata, N. sp.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yt
Mucro with three teeth, the first horizontal, short, the second and
third long and slender, vertical, about as long as the first, and
as long as the mucro is wide ; furcula not attaining the ventral
tube; dentes slightly longer than the manubrium ; body and
antenne grayish-yellow ; legs and furcula white; antenne
slightly longer than the head. Habitat—Salineville,
Ohio. SETS ae ao «isi Seem eee wes PAE, NI S6),
28. Inferior cat with a tooth on aie INET MARCIA iGo riates it oo 2 Oe
Inferior claw without teeth, the inner margin dilated at ee superior
claw with a tooth on the outer margin and another on the inner
margin ; mucro with three teeth, the first and third of about the
same length, the first forming a distinct hook, the second half
as long again as either the first or third, all vertical ; furcula
attaining the ventral tube ; the dentes more than twice as long
as the manubrium ; body and antenne black ; legs and fureula
brownish-white ; antennz longer than the head, the segments
long and slender. Habitat—Ithaca, New York. . speciosa, n. sp.
Zo. Mucro. with: four teeth.......... - : ue SO.
Mucro with five teeth, site first on area one- hich fhe ieneeh of
the second, the second and third subequal, vertical, as long as
the mucro is wide, the fourth shorter than the third and
cephalad of it, the fifth very small and laterad of the fourth 3.
superior claw with a tooth on the outer and inner margins ;
inferior claw with a tooth on the inner margin ; furcula reaching
the second abdominal segment; dentes distinctly longer than
the manubrium ; ocelli fourteen, seven on each side of the head;
body griseo-violaceous ; antenne about as long as the head, the
last segment longest, slightly arcuate. Habitat—St. Lawrence
Island, Behring Sea. fe Sijst as EA eemmecess: Reuter:
30. Mucro with the first tooth Echac, prominent > 32s ABMie
Mucro with four teeth, the first minute, at the base of the oat the
second long, curved, the third and fourth opposite, of the same
length as the second ; furcula long, reaching the ventral tube :
dentes more than twice the length of the manubrium ; superior
claw with a tooth on the outer margin and another on the inner
margin ; inferior claw dilated at base and with a tooth on the
inner margin ; body and antenne blackish; furcula and legs
* Species not seen.
56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
white ; body, legs, and antenne, densely hairy ; antennz longer
than the head. Habitat—Washington, D. C. aioe
Banks)... sais txt j eee . .capitola, N. sp.
31. First tooth oh mucro shanter fee he decor if as Jong, subhori-
zontal. a NE a ; raat ance ee
First tooth ae mucro as diodes as ae econa! Soins aeer: pandags
and as long as the mucro is wide, the third and fourth subequal,
opposite, and smaller than the second; the furcula attaining the
ventral tube ; manubrium elongate ; dentes twice as long as the
manubrium ; superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin
and another on the inner margin ; inferior claw dilated, with a
tooth on the inner margin; body and antenne black and pur-
plish ; legs and furcula brownish; antenne paler at base, longer
than the head. Habitat—Ithaca, New York, and Salineville,
Ohio. phe 5 ee nigra, D. sp.
32. Furcula adi ainiie the ential Mabe : ; septesst twice as eee as the manu-
-brium ; mucro.with four teeth, the first small, subhorizontal,
and an a distinct hook, the first and third of the same length,
the second one-half longer than the third, as long as the mucro is
wide, the first, second and third in the same line, vertical, the
fourth slightly longer than the third, and pointing slightly
caudad ; superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin and
another on the inner margin ; inferior claw dilated at base, with
a tooth on the inner margin at middle; antennz and body
black; legs and furcula dirty white; antennee of the same length
as the head. Habitat——Ithaca, New York, and Salinevilie,
Ohio. SER eter. 2 ee a ey.
Furcula vee not attaining the Sentfal tuber acre longer than the
manubrium ; mucro with four teeth, the first small, not minute,
forming, a vertical hook at apex, the second and third of the
same length, about as long as the mucro is wide, one cephalad
of the other, the fourth smaller than the third, and placed laterad
of it; superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin and
another on the inner margin; inferior claw dilated at base, in-
terrupted at middle, outer angle of dilation with a tooth ; body
greenish-white, washed wish purplish in places ; antenne green-
ish-white; apices of segments purplish; legs and _ furcula
white; antenne longer than the head. Habitat — Beverly,
Massachusetts (A. P. Morse)............ ...7aderaria, 0. sp.
°
on
~I
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
33. Inner margin of inferior claw with a tooth ......... a ae
Inner margin of inferior claw not with 2 tooth, nferle? cae two-
thirds the length of the superior claw; superior claw with a
tooth on the outer margin and two on the inner margin ; mucro
with two teeth, the first forming a distinct vertical hook, the
first and second subequal in length, about as iong as the mucro
is wide ; furcula reaching to near the ventral tube ; manubrium
and dentes subequal in length; body greenish-white, the sides
and margins of the segments washed with purplish; legs and
furcula white ; antennz of the same colour as the body; apices
of the segments ringed with purplish, longer than the head.
This species wil! be easily recognized by the great length of the
inferior claw; in all the other species examined the inferior claw
is not more than half as long as the superior claw. Habitat—
Agricultural College, Mississippi (H. E. Weed)../ougipenna, n. sp.
34. Mucro with three teeth, the first long, forming a distinct, hook, the
second and third of the same length, opposite, and about as
long as the mucro is wide ; furcula long, attaining the ventral
tube; dentes more than twice as long as the manubrium ;
superior claw with a tooth on the outer margin and two on the
inner margin; inferior claw with inner margin somewhat
dilated at middle, with a vertical tooth; antenne not quite
twice as long as the head ; eye spots black............... 36.
Mucro with four teeth, the first minute, at the base of the second, the
second long, forming a hook, the third and fourth opposite, of
the same length as the second, about as long as the mucro is
wide ; furcula attaining the ventral tube; dentes more than
twice as long as the manubrium ; superior claw with a tooth on
the outer margin and two on the inner margin ; inferior claw
with a tooth on the dilated inner margin ; antenne longer than
the head, purplish at apex; eye spots black ; body densely
covered with long bristles, one or two on each segment much
longer than.the others:.........: pete st 35.
35. Body and legs uniformly grayish-white. ‘Oaninan Gider ae among
the droppings of boring beetles. | Habitat—Salem, Massa-
chusetts prema Brazos i Texas (Nathan Banks);
Ithaca, New York. RE Sw 5h Exetinils Sq SP OMCDs) neck.
Body white, the (ae harked wil a Bisa transverse band of
purplish or blue, mottled with paler. Habitat—Franconia, New
Hampshire (Mrs. A. ‘Trumbull Slosson).. ¢7auca montana, n. var.
58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
36. Body yellowish-fuscous, purplish or black without a median black
line Re EP te ee een Wem yo os At
Body in great part greenish-yellow with a distinct median black line.
Habitat—Europe; Massachusetts (Packard); White Mountains,
New Hampshire (Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson); Long Island
(Nathan Banks); Virginia (Wm. D. Richardson); Ithaca, New
Work eb le ee a 5 re Nic.
Dorsum, except a few yellowish dots, entirely fuscous. The Massa-
chusetts specimens of /sotoma tricolor, together with /sotoma
Belfragett, purpurescens and plumbea, belong to viridis, Bourlet.
Habitat—Europe ; Massachusetts, and Waco, Texas (Packard);
Brazos County, Texas (Nathan Banks); Beverly, Massachusetts
(A. P. Morse); California (Schott); Ithaca, New
EV i Nasa eee eRe ile et ee oe em Seelo = _..... viridis, Bourlet.
Dorsum distinctly marked with yellowish....-.--.+-2+++ss008 38.
38. Yellowish with a distinctly marked wide transverse black band on
each segment. Habitat—Boreal Europe. . *yiridis cincta, Tullb-
Yellowish, but not with such a band.......-. ++ ++ +-e+er0 52 2239-
39. Each segment marked at middle with a loop-shaped mark, the sides
of the closed end more distant than those of the open end ; the
open end at the cephalic end of each segment ; the closed end
sometimes interrupted ; the, sides of the segments prominently
figured with black. Habitat— Boreal
Ne RO MR eee eo yh Gmempe ES arctica, Schott.
Each segment marked with three closed and united deltoid-shaped
marks. Habitat — Agricultural College, Mississippi (H. E.
Weed)...... es Se ecua cleave ve, -ULridis eli, Gems
Species that could not be placed from lack of specimens and of
figures of the claws and mucrones :—
Tsotoma guadrioculata, Tullb.—“ Segmentum tertium abdomints,
brevius quam quartum. in quo furcula inserta est. Ocelli 4; 2 tnutroque
latere capitis. Dentes furcule manubris non longiores, recti; mucrones
bidenticulati. Long, 1% mm.” Habitat—- Boreal Europe and America-
1872. Tullberg, Sveriges Podurider, p. 48.
Tsotoma fimetaria, Linn.—* Segmentum tertium abdominis brevius
guam quartum, im quo furcula inserta est. Ocelli nulli. Dentes furcule
manubrio fere duplo longiores, recti ; mucrones bidenticulati. Long, I mm.”
Habitat-—Boreal and Central Europe and Boreal America.
1872. Tullberg, Sveriges Podurider, p. 48.
On
~I
* Species not seen.
Mailed February 3rd, 1896.
CAN,
EnT., Vou. XXVIII, PLATE 2.
THE CABBAGE CURCULIO (CEUTORHYNCHUS RAPAE,
The a —
Vor XXVIII LONDON, MARCH, 1896, t No. 3.
CEUTORHYNCHUS NAPI OR CEUTORHYNCHUS RAPE,
BY F, M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.
In the report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for 1888, p. 136,
Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt gives some notes on the development of
Ceutorhynchus napi, Gyll., which had worked serious injury to cabbage
in Missouri, the species having been determined, as stated by Miss
Murtfeldt, by the late Dr. C. V. Riley, at that time United States Ento-
mologist. Prior to the publication of Miss Murtfeldt’s notice, she had
informed me of her “find,” and on my writing to ask her if there was not
a mistake, and if she did not refer to xafe@, she replied that she, too, had
not felt sure of the correctness of the determination until she had written
Dr. Riley a second time with reference to the species, and the determina-
tion had been reaffirmed. This appeared to settle the matter, and I was
satisfied that #afz must be correct, though not before known to occur in
North America.
, In Bulletin 22, Division of Entomology, United States Department
of Agriculture, p. 73, Miss Murtfeldt mentions Ceutorhynchus rapa,
Gyll., but does not state whether or not it is the same insect that had
been previously mentioned, and there is nothing to o imply that such was
the case.
In Bulletin 30, of the same series, p. 50, mention’ is’ again made of
Ceutorhynchus rape, and this time ina manner ‘that might imply that 1 it
was identical with zafz, but there is nothing ‘OBiinite tc to this effect, though
a correction might have been made’ in either “this, or “the pines
previously cited. Miss Murtfeldt #28 Clearly going by’ the information
given her from the Department of Asriculture, ‘and | any errors in. that
information would not-bé hers" Bat of! {heDWvisiohl6f Envaniology, whose
place it was to maké- propePiobFeetidns OF Sach, EVeH tHOugtNeF a’ clerical
nature, as a wiattero@f fpstide ta ele alan} Whd Wddked® to~ thé thell
United States Watamorsalé x6 avlenaricy on saennttrarg! Cl 28 coloven
Last Mayu tupéealved yous 4b bage! Pre Frony’ “MblitgonTeY
County, Ohio, that Ware’ being dedtro¥ed by th AA OPO MO TH geet biirreWe
60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST.
ing in the stem, especially in the upper portion thereof. I found the
larve difficult to rear in confinement, and only succeeded in securing one
adult from plants removed to the insectary June 14. Correctly suppos-
ing that I was dealing with the same species as had Miss Murtfeldt, and
overlooking her note in Bulletin 30, I presented the matter in my ‘“‘Notes
of the year in Ohio,” at the last meeting of the Association of Economic
Entomologists, under the name C. zapi, Gyll., coupled with the statement
that it was not in Henshaw’s lists, and in this condition my paper was
placed in the hands of the Secretary for publication. My single speci-
men, reared from affected plants, did not exactly correspond with my
specimens of 7vap@, and remembering the double determination by Dr.
Riley for Miss Murtfeldt, and also not at the time having access to the
latter’s note in Bulletin 30, was led to a conclusion that was, perhaps, not
justified, and under different circumstances would not have been arrived
at by myself. I had no description of za@gz and a very poor one of rapa,
but the work of my larvee corresponded so exactly with that ascribed to
the former species, in Europe, as given in Bargagla’s Rassegna Biologica
di Rincofori Europei, that I was still further misled.
Before my note went to press, however, I was informed that the old
determination of C. zagz had been found incorrect, that the species was
C. rape, as was probably true of mine. I submitted my single speci-
men to Mr. Howard, the present U.S. Entomologist, with the request —
that, if it turned out to be C. vafe@, my note should be changed in the
proof to correspond thereto. This was all very kindly done, so far as the
specific name was concerned (See Bulletin No. 2, New Series, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, p. 90), but, unfor-
tunately, the statement that ‘the species is not yet included in Mr.
Henshaw’s lists of North America Coleoptera,” and which was not,
intended to apply to C. raf@ at all, but to C., zap, was, through an
oversight, allowed to stand, thus placing me in a position that demands
an explanation, and which is, here and for this reason, given. C. zapié is
not yet known to occur in America.
In the accompanying plate illustrating the development of Cezfo-
rhynchus rape, the adult is shown, dorsal view at A, lateral view at B,
the larva C, excavation in affected plant in which one or more larve may
develop at D. The drawings were made by Miss Detmers, under my
supervision, and developed at the Department of Agriculture, the electro-
type being kindly furnished me by Mr. L. O. Howard.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61
To Miss Murtfeldt belongs the credit of working out the life-history
so far as this is now known, my own observations being only supplemen-
tary. Miss M. records the occurrence of larvz, supposedly belonging to
this species, in early spring burrowing in the stems of pepper-grass
(Lepidium virginicum),and also in the same plant in July, thereby
implying at least two annual broods. The injury to cabbage, as observed
by her, appears to have been confined to early plants either in hotbeds
or soon after having been removed therefrom. In the case of the Ohio
outbreak, the attack was among young plants started late for fall and
winter use. My attention was not called to the exact trouble until June
4, and both larve and adults were taken from these plants July 18, so
that I seemed to have been dealing with the second brood. ‘The plants
were growing on low ground bordering on a pasture, and the latitude was
nearly the same as that of Kirkwood, Missouri, where Miss Murtfeldt’s
studies were carried on. It is, of course, quite possible that the period
of oviposition is protracted, and that I was dealing only with the latter
part of the first brood.
REMARKABLE WORK OF INSECTS.
At the meeting (of February 3rd) of the Academy of Science, of St.
Louis, Mo. (President Gray in the chair), Mr. Trelease exhibited several
specimens, about three feet square, of a curious silk tapestry, taken from
the ceiling of a corn-storing loft in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, by Dr.
Francis Eschauzier, stating that he was informed that the larger specimen
had been cut from a continuous sheet over twenty yards wide and about
four times as long. The specimens,of a nearly white colour, and of much
the appearance and feeling of a soft tanned piece of sheepskin, were
shown to be composed of myriads of fine silken threads, crossing and
recrossing at every conceivable angle, and so producing a seemingly
homogeneous texture. Although specimens of the creatures by which
they are produced had not been secured, it was stated that there was no
doubt that these tapestries are the work of lepidopterous larve which
feed upon grain, the presumption being that they are made by the larve
of what has been called the Mediterranean Grain or Flour Moth
(Ephestia Kiihniella). The speaker briefly reviewed the history of this
insect and its injuriousness in various parts of the werld, and quoted
from a report of Dr. Bryce, showing that in Canada, where it became
established in 188g, ‘“‘ a large warehouse, some 25 feet wide, 75 feet long,
and four stories high, became literally alive with moths in the short
course of six months.” WILLIAM TRELEASE, Recording Secretary.
62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A FEW NEW SPIDERS.
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.
Micaria gentilis, n. sp.
Length, 3.6 mm.; ceph.: long, 1.4 mm.; broad, 1 mm. Cephalo-
thorax, sternum, femora i. and 11, blackish; rest of legs i. and ii. pale
yellowish ; legs ili. and iv. yellow-brown, the femora scarcely darker ;
abdomen black above, with a narrow white band across the middle and a
white spot on each anterior lower side; venter pale. Cephalothorax
broad, in ¢ a little narrower ; posterior row of eyes procurved, the P. M.
E. oval, fully their diameter apart, and about as far from the P. S. E.;
anterior row strongly procurved, the A. M. E. fully their diameter apart,
and about as far from the larger A. S. E. Sternum oval, pointed
behind ; legs of moderate length, femora i. and ii. stouter than others,
femora 11. slightly excised before the tip behind. Abdomen not
constricted, quite broad, somewhat depressed, epigynum appearing much
like JZ. montana, Em., but the openings are farther apart and more
oblique. Tibia of ¢ palpus has short projection at tip on the outer side ;
the bulb is triangular in side view, the red parallel marks are along the
outer edge ; near the middle is a short tube.
Several specimens from Franconia, N. H. [Mrs. Annie T. Slosson].
Related to AZ. perfecta from Colorado, but larger and with a broader
sternum.
Scius montanus, N. sp.
Length, 2.1 mm.; ceph.: long, 1 mm.; broad, .6 mm. Jet black,
shining, almost coppery ; extreme tips of palpi, tips of maxillz, a spot on
each coxa and trochanter, and an elongate spot on the femur, pale; the
tarsi infuscated; pale dots on legs at origin of hairs. Cephalothorax
long, moderately low, nearly flat, sides almost parallel. Eye region one-
third broader than long, occupying not much over one-third of the
cephatothorax; a trifle broader in front than behind; eyes of second row
full as. close to the dorsal eyes as to lateral eyes; A. M. E. large,
distinctly separated, plainly farther from the S. E. Sternum one-fourth
longer than broad, broadest in middle, pointed behind, truncate in front ;
cox i. separated by full width of lip; legs short, fourth pair longest,
femora i. thicker than others; only a few indistinct spines, those on
metatarsi iv. are at apex. Abdomen barely wider than cephalothorax and
but little longer, pointed behind. Body and legs clothed with scattered
black hairs. The ¢ palpi short, the tibia with a short process on the
ee eee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 63
outer side, twice as long as wide, and appressed to the tarsus so as to be
hardly visible except in side view; palpal organ very large, with the
lower part full and extended over the base of the tibia ; on the outer side
near tip is a crescent-shaped yellowish mark; the bulb is small and on
one side, and is tipped with a minute spine-like tube.
One ¢, Mt. Washington, N. H. [Mrs. Annie T. Slosson]. A very
distinct little species, and doubtless peculiar to mountains.
Dismodiscus alpinus, n. sp.
Length, 2 mm. Cephalothorax pale yellowish, blackish around eyes,
sternum infuscated, abdomen dark gray, legs almost white. Structure
somewhat like Zoph. decem-oculatum, Em., with a large lobe on the
clypeus as in that species, but the lobe on the head is higher, narrower,
rounded above, not bilobed, clothed with short hairs on top and in front,
and rises suddenly from the surface of the cephalothorax in front and
behind; the P. M. E. are on the cephalothorax at its base, and not
on the lobe ; the holes are in a large groove on each side. The posterior
row of eyes is straight, equal in size, the P. M. E. fully as far from each
other as from the S, E.; the anterior row is slightly recurved, the A. M. E.
very small and close together. Sternum but little longer than broad,
truncate at base, pointed behind, sides rounded. Legs slender, a spine
above on patella and two on tibia iv., tarsus 1. plainly shorter than the
metatarsus. The tibia of the ¢ palpus has above two short spines and
two projections at its tip, the outer one the broader and pale, the inner
one more pointed and reddish ; the palpus is barrel-shaped, the tube
going once around the tip as in Diplostyla; there is a large curved hook
at base.
One ¢, Mt. Washington [Mrs. A. T. Slosson]. Although this
species docs not strictly agree with Simon’s description of the genus
Dismodiscus, I believe it should go here, as also Loph. decem-oculatum,
Em. The best character for the genus to me is the clypeal lobe.
Dicyphus, Menge, which Simon unites to Gonatium, I would agree
with Kulezynski in keeping as a separate genus, and closely related to
Dismodiscus. The head of the ¢ has a lobe above which does not
bear the P. M. E.; there is no clypeal lobe. I have seen two species
from the United States, the first of which has much affinity with the type
of the genus, D. bituberculatus.
Dicyphus bilobatus, n. sp.
Length, ¢,2 mm. Cephalothorax orange, a little black around the
64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
eyes, the lobe on top yellow, a black line from the hole on each side ;
abdomen blackish above and below, the spinnerets pale, sternum yel-
lowish, legs and palpi pale, clothed with fine hairs. Just behind the eyes
is a large bilobed body with a hole at base each side ; seen from above
each lobe is elliptical, and scarcely twice as long as broad, shorter than
in D. bituberculatus. Posterior row of eyes nearly straight ; P. M. E.
once and a half their diameter apart, slightly farther from the S. E.; A.
M. E. very small and about touching. Sternum as broad as long,
triangular ; legs moderately long, no spines above on tibia, tarsus 1.
shorter than metatarsus. The tibia of ¢ palpus has a long projection
above near tip, much as in D. ditubercudatus, but it is more slender,
more straight and but little curved at tip ; on the outer side of tibia is a
very small hook-shaped appendage ; the tube is moderately long, bent in
the middle, and the tip supported by a hyaline sheath. The palpi are
comparatively small.
Two males, one from a deep swamp near Ithaca, N. Y., the other
from Olympia, Wash. {Trevor Kincaid].
Dicyphus trilobatus, n. sp.
Length, ¢, 2 mm. Cephalothorax yellow-brown, black about the
eyes, lobe yellow ; abdomen black, with a few light cross-lines near tip ;
sternum and venter black ; the spinnerets pale; legs and palpi yellowish,
a little brown on the cox. Posterior row of eyes straight; P. M. E.
twice their diameter apart, much closer to the S, E,; A. M. E. close
together, not so very much smaller than the S. E. Just behind the eyes
is a large triangular flat body, trilobed in front, the lobes of about equal
size. ‘The sternum is broad, projecting between the hind coxe, the sides
rounded. Legs moderately long, hairy, no spines on tibie. The ¢
palpi are long and slender, the tibia has above a large bifid process ;
there are two tube-like pieces : one, starting from near the middle of the
bulb, bends out and then toward the tip of the palpus ; the other, starting
from near the inner tip of bulb, extends toward the base of thie first one ;
on the outer side there is a quite prominent pale-coloured projection—it
is somewhat like a sheath or support for the tube.
One specimen from Ithaca, N. Y.
The genous Erigonoplus has the head lobed as in the preceding
genera, but differs from them at once in having the anterior metatarsi of
the male swollen.
THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65
Erigonoplus gigas, n. sp.
Length, 2.2 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish, black around the eyes
and on the clypeus ; legs and palpi pale, patelle of legs a little darker ;
abdomen blackish, with narrow pale chevrons above, spinnerets pale ;
sternum yellow-brown. Head broad and swoilen in front; posterior
row of eyes slightly procurved ; P. M. E. nearly twice their diameter apart,
Hbout.as far from S. E.; A. M. E. far in front of P. M. E., small and
close together. Behind the eyes there is a small, low, yellow body,
trilobed in front and with a smaller lobe on each side. ‘The legs are long
and hairy, without spines above; metatarsi i. much enlarged in the
middle, fusiform. The sternum is short, pointed between the hind coxe,
fully as broad at coxe ii. as in front. The tibia of the ¢ palpus has on
the outer tip a short, stout projection ; a large hook across basal part of
bulb with a projection outward from it; the tube starts from near the
middle, curves along the bulb to the tip, then extends outward and
curving, so as to nearly form: a square.
One male irom a deep and cold swamp near Ithaca, N. Y. (May).
A REPLY CONCERNING NOCTUA AND AGROTIS.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
Prof. John B. Smith on page 8 of this volume criticizes my rejection
of the terms WVoctua and Noctuide and says: ‘I state my own knowl-
edge as follows: In Scudder’s ‘Nomenclator’ we find
“ Noctua, Klein, Moll., 1753.
Noctua, Fabr., Lep., 1776.
Noctua, Sav., Aves., 1809.
Noctuz, Linn., Lep., 1758.”
I may say, that were this ‘‘ knowledge” the utmost we could attain to,
my statement that ‘‘ Noctua is preoccupied in the Birds” wouid be
justified. The term ‘‘ Noctuz, Linn.,” 1758, is, according to Prof. Smith,
to be rejected and the generic term is to be credited to Fabricius,
although Guenée and others write ‘‘ Noctua, Linn.,” so that the date 1758
would be ruled out. The citation “ Noctua, Fabr.,” 1776, if looked up,
would show that it represents a bare name, and therefore [see Comstock’s
observations | this would also fall. We would then come to Savigny, 1809,
and this would be the proper use under the rules, according to the
* Nomenclator” as cited by Smith, of the name ‘“ Noctua.” But while
Prof. Smith’s knowledge, as above stated, justifies me, it is not final. ,
66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Prof. Comstock finds that Fabricius in 1792 uses ‘‘ Noctua” for 380
species, and this is not in the ‘‘ Nomenclator.” More than this, I have
found that Fabricius uses the term “ Noctua” for 309 species already in
the Mantissa, 1787.* So that we are getting more light and more facts,
and it may be that my rejection, although warranted by the “‘Nomenclator,”
may have to be reconsidered. But there remains the fact that the type
is unknown [pending what we may hope to hear from Mr. Kirby’s
researches| and, also, that no author is obliged to use a generic term
which has not a properly designated type. In this case I have shown at
least the necessity for reviewing Guenée’s statement, that zs genus
‘“‘ Noctua” is a proper restriction of the Linnean term.
And now as to Agroftis and Prof. Smith’s statements on page 6. He
does not quote my full text on p. 16 of the Bremen List, where I show
that he copies the sense and as near as may be my words as to the char-
acters on which we may divide the genus, without any acknowledgment.
He excuses the omission now by the “bald statement” that the contents
of my paper} were not ‘‘in any sense of the word original,” and that
Lederer used the characters in his work on ‘‘the European Noctuids so
long ago as 1857.” This is the first I have heard that Lederer had
worked up the American Agrotids; it would have spared me much
trouble had it been so. In reality Lederer only discusses the European
species, and my work on the American and my suggestions as to the
characters to be found serviceable was in so far original. But the state-
ment that the characters proposed and observed by me were not
“original” seems incorrect. First: Lederer does not propose to use the
unarmed fore tibia as an excluding character. He alternates groups of
the species with armed and unarmed tibiew.{ So that I should have been
credited for this original suggestion. Second: I am the first to discover
the tuberculate front in Agrotis; this discovery is ‘ original” and it does
not detract from its originality that I only applied Carneades to the two
species which I examined and only could examine at the time of my dis-
covery, I being then very ill and having parted with my collection. That
some of the European species probably have the tuberculate front is
implied by Prof. Smith when suggesting that Cera should replace
Carneades. But Lederer does not mention the clypeal tubercle or
elevation at all.
* Grote, Die Apateliden, Mitt. Roem. Mus. San., 1896.
+ CAN. ENT., XV., 51, 1883.
{ Lederer, Syst. Noct., p. 81. I have constantly in my writirgs given Lederer
every credit for his observations on the characters in this family.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 67
THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
XV. THE CHRYSOMELID£ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.
The above family is of immense extent and attains, in the tropics, a
considerable development in the size of its members, though not equalling
in this respect its wood-eating neighbours, the Cerambycidz. Towards
the north, many groups fade out entirely and the large or gaily-coloured
species*decrease in number. Nevertheless, the representation in Canada
is quite considerable, and since many of the species are closely allied and
separate with some difficulty, while tables of genera are widely scattered,
or, in many cases, not readily accessible, it has been deemed worth while
to bring together the salient characters by means of which the collector
in Eastern Canada may hope to identify his captures.
According to the classification followed in this country, the members
of the family agree in these points: The tarsi are broad, spongy beneath,
the fourth and fifth joints being so closely anchylosed as to give the
appearance of but four joints ; the head has the front smail and oblique,
the antennz are moderate or short and not inserted upon frontal
prominences. The prothorax is most frequently margined and the tibial
spurs usually wanting. A few exceptions occur to each of the above
characters, but most of the Chrysomelidze may easily be recognized at
sight by their resemblance to a few common types, such as Donacia,
Cryptocephalus, Chrysochus, Chrysomela, Galeruca, Haltica, Micro-
rhopala and Cassida. There is, however, no uniformity of family
habitus, as many of the Cassidini are extremely broad and flattened, while
the Cryptocephalini are occasionally nearly globular.
All of the Chrysomelids may be said to be vegetable feeders, and
most of them are to be found in every stage upon the leaves, in the stems
or about the roots of their food-plants. The larve are not ofa very
uniform type of structure, but are modified to suit their particular habits
of life. Most of those that feed freely upon the surface of leaves are of
rather heavy, subcylindrical or subglobular form and slow in movement.
A good example of this type is to be seen in the young of the Colorado
potato-beetle. Other leaf-eating larve, such as those of Coptocycla and
its allies, are flattened and curiously armed with spines or covered with a
coat of their own excrement. ‘The leaf-mining or stem-boring kinds are
usually of more slender, elongate shape and without the conspicuous
68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ornamentation displayed by so many of the free-feeding forms. A few
are case-bearers and occur either at large on their food-plants or in nests
of ants; to this category belong Coscinoptera and Chlamys. The larva
of Chlamys plicata occurs commonly on grasses in the Lake Superior
district, carrying its little case about and protruding only the front part of
the body when feeding or crawling. When the inhabitant is ready to
pupate, the open end of the case is sealed to a blade of grass and the
transformations take place within.
The economic importance of the group has been recognized by all
Entomologists, and certain species claim their share of our crops from
year to year in spite of the constant war waged against them. The
imported elm-leaf beetle, the Colorado potato-beetle, the corn-root worm,
and the striped cucumber-beetle are only a few of the many injurious
Chrysomelide which have to be fought each year in the regions which
they infest.
Secondary sexual characters are to be found in the antenne, the
tarsi, the claws, and the ventral abdominal segments of many species, and
are often of great value in the separation of otherwise almost indis-
tinguishable forms. ‘These will be referred to in the proper places when
necessary for identification.
On account of the great size of the family, it seems best to avoid a
long, complicated generic table by the adoption of the groups indicated
in the Leconte and Horn “Classification.” Each tribe will be taken up .
by itself and the genera contained in it separated by a table. A slight
modification of the tabular synopsis presented in the work ap EYE cited
may be used to advantage as follows :—
A. Outline of body elliptical or nearly circular; prothorax and elytra
with broad expanded margins, head concealed.... XI. Cassidint.
AA. Outline of body variable, prothorax and elytra without broad ex-
panded margins. Head usually plainly visible from above.
b. Front of head inflexed, mouth inferior, body wedge-shaped,
broad-and truncate’ behind.) v.09 eee X. Hispint.
bb. Front of head not inflexed, mouth anterior.
c. Last dorsal abdominal segment not exposed, middle ventral
segments not narrowed.
d. Prothorax usually margined.
e. Antenne approximate at base; front coxe conical
and prominent:,.. 3.50. s. &. 9 LoS ne
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69
ee. Antenne widely separated at base.
Front cox transverse, third tarsal joint usually
MMC. oi 2 u,v iets eee LLL Chr psomelene.
Front coxe rounded, third tarsal joint
bilobed . ign aeeaa VEL Au molpiz:
dd. Prothorax not Pacained at Bice:
f. First ventral about as long or somewhat shorter ee
the two following.
Claws een elytra punctato-
striate. oon iopeae TIL. Criocerinz.
Claws see or noted elytra pineuires .
SUMP CULAL si. 2.5 we Saco I. Sagrint.
ff. First ventral about as tonee as atl the Btn
united. . Boos ssl a tg ee lL. Donaciini.
cc. Last dorsal phneotival segment : eepOReeh declare: Form
of body robust, compact, subcylindrical.
g. Surface of body coarsely tuberculate
above. oes ins ei ee oC RLam ua Enz.
gg. Surface of pede not ibencutatee
Prosternum not separating front cox; antenne
Shane ane SeITAate . . .. cin as oe eel Ve CL PLAT IE
Prosternum extending between front coxe, antennz
usually long and slender. .... VI. Cryptocephalinti.
The Roman numerals before each tribal name show the order in
which they are taken up in the following pages.
Trise I.—DoNACcIINI.
Contains two genera, which are composed of very neat, graceful and
usually active species, found on or about such aquatic or subaquatic
plants as water-lilies, arrowheads (Sagittaria), pond-weed, and various
sedges. ‘They have a habitus peculiarly their own, which if once ap-
preciated renders their future recognition easy at a glance. The head
and thorax are narrower than the elytra, which are attenuated toward the
tip—sometimes almost triangularly so. The antennz are rather long,
extending back beyond the base of the thorax ; the under surface of the
body is finely pubescent. In colour most of the species are metallic,
varying to blue or green, though a few are testaceous, at least in part.
Pepe assiae: AEN al alas doo. ace ee ee ed oe oes Donacia.
Elytra distinctly spinose at tip ............ .........-AMemonia,
70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Donacia, Fabr.
Numerous Canadian species are known, which, from their general —
uniformity of appearance, are often difficult to identify. Careful attention
to the points recently elaborated by Mr. Chas. W. Leng, and published
by him in a late paper on the genus, should result in correct names,
however. The following table is based on that of Mr. Leng, though I
have changed the arrangement somewhat, in order the sooner to eliminate
the more easily recognized species :—
A. Head, thorax and elytra pubescent. .40-.44 in. pubic Suffr.
A A. Head and thorax pubescent, elytra glabrous.
.36-.44 in. By adh Bt ste . hirticollis, Kirby.
AAA. Head sometimes, Ropar aha lelytra never, ., pubestenes
b. Elytra distinctly rounded at tip ; form convex.
c. Thorax mares no median nor basal line.
124—. 32's nh eee : . pusilla, Say.
cc. Thorax convex, basal ne disanee ‘empties one
usually so.
d. Legs dark ; body usually metallic blue.
.24—.28 in. a. DE .emarginata, Kirby.
dd. Legs reddish- EGibw. Boa ueitaile copper-bronzed.
Thorax thickly punctured. .28—.36 in. favzpes, Say.
Thorax sparsely punctured. .26-.30 in...rufa, Say.
bb. Elytra truncate or subtruncate at tip.
e. Middle coxz separated by about their own width; body
broad, distinctly flattened above.
f. Second and third wae of antenne nearly equal.
228,44 mre 2S. She .cincticornis, Newm.
ff. Third joint oo: antenne - ie ‘iosteae than second. |
Elytra truncate at tip. First ventral ¢ simple.
GO AA YMES T2525. te . .palmata, Oliv.
Elytra Subwinincate at ran Finse ventral ¢ witha
pit at middle. .26—.40 in. .. piscatrix, Lac.
ee. Middle cox separated by less iiaet eS own width.
Body usually convex above, narrower than in preced-
ing group.
g. Prothorax scarcely tuberculate at sides, surface with
coarse uniform punctures.
28—.AA IN ees es ve ole ve oss © vile SOULE
tall
y
“a .
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71
gg. Prothorax tuberculate at sides, disk uneven.
Sutural margin of elytra not sinuate, disk with two
transverse indentations. .22-.28 in..aeguwadis,Say.
Sutural margin of See sinuate near the tip.
es eee ahi aie ao.drstineta,. LEC
It will be noted that several of the names on the Gasiwtlini list do
not appear in the above table. These have been reduced to synonymy
by Mr. Leng, as follows: D. cuprea becomes pusilla, D. rugifrons
eee ed to emarginata, D. jucunda to flavipes, and D. Kirbyi to rufa.
Both proxima and magnifica are considered by him
to “rank only as varieties of cimcticornis, proxima
having the prothorax punctate only at base and apex,
while in magnifica it is coarsely punctured over the
whole surface. He reduces (with an expression of
doubt) ¢orosa to a varietal form of adistincta, from
which it differs by Dr. Leconte’s description in being
of a blackish-violet colour and in having the pro-
thorax somewhat elongate, while the same author
describes his distincta as coppery, with the thorax
quadrate. It is a matter of remark that Mr. Crotch
should have placed these forms in different and
apparently well-founded divisions in his synopsis, while Mr. Leng thinks
them only varietal. Fig. 4 shows the form of body common in the
genus. ;
BIG 4:
H-monia, Latr.
The only North American species is AW. 2igricornis, Kirby, which
M fo ?
-resembles a small Dozacia in form. Beneath, the body is blackish, the
upper surface and the legs are reddish-yellow. The head, antenne and
tarsi are dark. The elytra are marked with ten long rows of punctures
and a shorter one near the suture at base. Length, .20-.28 in. It is
said to occur on Potamogeton.
TriBE II.—SaGRINI.
The few species comprised in this group are remarkable for the
plasticity of their characters and the difficulty of accurately defining their
limits of variation. They are of small or moderate size and agree in
having strongly punctured elytra, which are wider than the thorax. The
mouth is rather prominent, the eyes very convex, giving the head a width
72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
about equal to that of the thorax. The antennz are moderately distant
at base. The armature of the thorax will serve to differentiate the
Canadian genera thus :—
Sides of prothorax much rounded and rather suddenly narrowed be-
hind, giving a somewhat bell-shaped appearance.....Ovrsodachna.
Sides of thorax with large,distinct tubercle; small species. Zeugophora.
Sides of thorax broadly angulate, more or less distinctly three-
toothed s larger species eno e ek onc cee ede ae Syneta.
OrsoDaAcHNA, Latr.
A single species of extreme variability (O. atra, Ahr. ), belongs here.
It is common on willow blossoms in spring, several colour-varieties often
occurring together on the same tree. All intergrades are known, from
entirely blackish individuals, through forms in which the thorax becomes
red, with or without a central dark spot, to those with vittate elytra or
even of an almost uniform testaceous. From the notes of Dr. Horn, the
following key has been constructed as a guide to the best-marked
varieties, but it must be borne in mind that numerous intergradations
will be met with, not referable to any of these :-—
A. Elytra blackish.
Thorax blackish, legs dark. . wasaie see bic} Sond et tte he ee
Thorax blackish, tibiz and iia testaceous:....7. tibialis, Kirby.
Thorax reddish, with central dark spot............ luctuosa, Lec.
Thorax entirely redv...... 2a). eae oe
AA. Elytra vittate or spotted.
Elytra dark, each with narrow yellow
stripe.. : . tee . .vittata, Say.
Elytra yellawiens "with siniteat rel lateral dark
SEMPS cca FOS wie at olla are aaa . trivittata, Lac.
Elytra dark, with humeral and apical yellow spot
(Bigs 5) ecg es Ws cic bs ces sien on CA/ eee
In general, they agree in these characters: ‘The prothorax is some-
what bell-shaped, rather coarsely punctured, less so at the sides; the
elytra are broad at base and with numerous closely placed, rather coarse
punctures which show some slight tendency to a serial arrangement.
Sides of elytra nearly parallel to about the apical third, whence they are
rounded to tip. Length, .16-.28 in.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ZEUGOPHORA, Kunze.
Three are reported from Canada. They are small
insects, somewhat of the form of Orsodachna, but
proportionately snorter and more robust. The
punctuation, especially of the elytra, is coarse and
the prothorax has a large tubercle on each side. Z.
abnormis, Lec., is black above, the antenne and gy
legs red ; it reaches the length of .16 in. Z. varians, BrenGe
Cr. (Fig. 6.), is a trifle smaller (.13—.14 in.), and rather prettily coloured,
the thorax being mostly piceous above, with a yellowish, median stripe ;
the elytra are dark around the margins, the disk being occupied by a
large oval or somewhat heart-shaped yellowish spot. Specimens of Z.
varians from the Pacific slope seem tolerably constant in having the
median yellow stripe of the thorax obliterated and the sides more broadly
pale, while the elytra have, in addition to the usual spot, a smaller
common sutural one of the same colour, near the tip. This is connected
with the anterior one by a narrow yellow line. Z. puderula, Cr., differs
from varians in having the thorax entirely yellow, the elytral yellowish
area ill-defined. The punctures are close together, the outer joints of
the antenne black. A specimen has been sent from Toronto by Mr.
Crew.
SyNETA, Esch.
Represented by S. ferruginea, Germ. (.30-.32 1n.), a yellowish or
reddish-yellow beetle of rather coarse sculpture. The thorax is angulate,
with three more or less well-marked teeth on each side. The elytra are
marked with four coste of various degrees of distinctness. It is often
beaten from hazel thickets.
Trise IIJ.—CRI0CERINI.
A few Canadian beetles of neat form and usually striking coloration
belong here. The thorax is much narrower than the elytra, which are
punctate in rows. ‘The two genera differentiate easily, thus, so far as the
species under consideration are concerned :—
Prothorax with a constriction about the middle, elytra striped..Zema.
Prothorax cylindrical elytra spotted... 105 ek vies: vlete~ -p OKIOCEPES.
74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Lema, Fabr.
L. trilineata, Oliv. (Fig. 7), is the only Canadian species. It is of a
», reddish colour, with two
thoracic spots, the antennz
(excepting the first joint),
tips of tibie and tarsi,
blackish. The elytra are
of a clear light yellow, or
nearly white, with a common sutural
black stripe, and each with a narrow
submarginal vitta of the same colour.
Length about .25 in. (Fig. 8: aa Roses
represent the larva with its singular covering of excrement, d the last
joints of the abdomen, ¢ pupa, @ the eggs.)
CRIOCERIS, Geoff.
Two imported European species are known from the adjacent regions,
though but one of these seems to have been actually reported from
Canada. They prey upon asparagus, and from the striking pattern of
coloration are easily known. C.
asparagi, Linn., is from .16 to .24
in. long, of a greenish or bluish-
black colour, the thorax red with
two black spots of variable size
usually present. The elytra are
reddish-yellow, with a blue-black
cross formed by the crossing of a
longitudinal sutural stripe and trans-
verse median band, and with an
apical and basal spot of the same dark colour on each ; or they may be
blue-black with the outer and apical margin and three spots on each
yellow. (Fig. 9 represents the eggs, larva and beetle much magnified.)
C. 12-punctata, Linn., is .t9-.24 in. long, dull red, each elytron with six
black spots of variabie size. The antenne, knees, and tarsi are also black.
I desire to acknowledge the kindness of Mr. W. S. Cody, B. A.,
of Windsor, Ont., in contributing a Canadian specimen of Argyunis
Idalia to the Society’s collection. JI am indebted to Mr. Wm. Loch-
head, of Napanee, Ont., for the information that this handsome butterfly
has been added to the Canadian List. J. Atston Morrat, Curator.
—~I
Or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA, NO. 7.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA.
The object of this paper is chiefly to record some observations,
made last summer, on a few parasitic forms, but mention is first made of
two phytophagous species.
STRONGYLOGASTER ? MARGINATA, Prov.
Selandria marginata, Prov., Add. Faun. Hym., 1885, p. 8.
Eriocampa marginata, Prov., Cresson, Cat.N. Am. Hym., 1887, p. 162.
Strongylogaster primitivus, MacG., Can. ENT., 1893, Vol. XXV.,
p. 241.
Tenthredopsis primitivus, MacG., Can. Enr., 1894, Vol. XXVI.,
pe 827°
Mr. MacGillivray has recently kindly sent to me one of his types of
primitivus for comparison with that of Provancher’s marginata, and I
find, as was already evident from the description, that it is the same
species. The generic position of the species is, however, not so readily
determined ; Mr. MacGillivray being now of opinion that it belongs
neither to Tenthredopsis, Strongylogaster or Taxonus, but probably to
some yet undescribed genus. It certainly does not belong to Tenth-
redopsis as adopted by Cameron in his monograph of the British
Phytophaga, nor to Selandria, so that. I have left it for the present in
Strongylogaster, to some of our accepted species of which it is very
similar in appearance. Several of the groups of our Tenthredinidz
require revision, the classification of species solely from wing venation
being unsatisfactory, for in the phytophagous hymenoptera the venation
is much more unstable than in the other divisions of the order. I fear,
for instance, that Mr. MacGillivray’s genus Bivena (Can. Enr., Vol.
XXVI., p. 327) has been founded upon the accidental occurrence of a
supplementary marginal cell.
CEPHUS PYGMuUs, Linn.
The continued spread of this wheat-stem sawfly is evidenced by the
occurrence of two males in a small collection made on sth July, at Indian
Head, Assa., by Mr. Fletcher, during his trip to British Columbia last
summer,
PEZOMACHUS Pertitil, Cresson, Can. Ent., 1892, Vol. IV., p. 61. @.
Pezomachus sulcatus, Prov., Add. Faun. Hym., 1885, p. 77. ¢.
Stibeutes Pettitii, Cr., Riley and How., Ins, Life, 1890, Vol. IIL, -
Pp. 154.
76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
This is the commonest species of our wingless Cryptids, but I have
noted only one mention of its having been bred, which is in the list pub-
lished in Insect Life (Zoc. cit.) of bred parasitic hymenoptera in the.
United States National Museum, the record being as follows :—
“ Bucculatrix found on stone, Virginia, April gth.” The species is there
referred to the genus Stibeutes, which in Cresson’s synopsis is said to
have the ‘‘ Metathorax completely and regularly areolated,’ while in
Pezomachus it is “‘not, or irregularly areolated.” None of my
specimens show any areolation, the indications of any metathoracic
carine being of the feeblest nature. This insect has frequently been
taken with the sweeping-net on foliage from June to September, and on
one occasion in the latter month, as I was reclining under a pine tree,
near Aylmer, I observed numerous examples running about on the carpet
of dead pine leaves which covered the ground. They had a remarkable
resemblance to some of the ants which are always roaming around in
such places. Last April I obtained, under a large flake of loose bark on
an elm stump, a number of egg-cocoons of an undetermined spider. They
were hemispherical in shape, and made of a very white silk, and were
covered by irregular tent-like masses of the same flocculent, viscid silk,
spun between the bark and the surface of the wood. On opening one of
the egg-masses I found two hymenopterous larve among the yellow eggs,
and therefore secured a number of the cocoons, which, when removed,
adhered to one another and formed a sticky mass in the small box in
which I had to place them. Two of the parasites emerged on May roth,
and proved to be males of a Hemiteles not in my collection. Two days
later a similar winged male appeared, and also three wingless males,
which I saw belonged to Pezomachus Fettitii. Four wingless males,
one winged male, and one female emerged the following day, and others
followed until, in all, I obtained four females, seven wingless males, and
six winged males. There can be no doubt that the winged forms, though
differing in the shape of the thorax from those without wings, are speci-
fically the same. This rearing confirms the opinion held by many
authors [For example see Walsh, Can. Ent., Vol. IL, p. ro.], of the
identity of the genera Hemiteles and Pezomachus, and I have special
pleasure in recording it at the present time, in view of the following
recent reference to the subject by Dr. Sharp (Cam. Nat. Hist., Vol. V.,
p. 556): “The little Ichneumons of the genus Pezomachus are quite
destitute of wings, and somewhat resemble ants ; they are quite common
HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. "7
insects in Britain. Only the female sex is known, and it is believed that
the winged Ichneumons assigned to the genus Hemiteles, of which no
females are known, are the males of Pezomachus. Repeated efforts have
been made to place this beyond doubt, but they have usually failed, for
when a brood of these parasites is reared the individuals generally prove
to be either all Hemiteles or all Pezomachus. It is to be hoped that this
interesting case will be fully elucidated.” Of the American species
assigned to Pezomachus, several are known in both sexes. Mr.
Howard, for example, describes both 2 and ¢ of P. micarie (Proc.
Ent. Soc., Wash., Vol. II., p. 194), bred by Mr. Emerton from the egg-
cocoons of a species of Micaria. Individuals of PB Pettitiz vary some-
what in colour and in shape of thorax, the anterior node of which is often
sulcate, as in Provancher’s type of sw/catus. Nearly all those taken in
the field have the abdomen entirely dark, except the apex of first segment,
while all the bred specimens have the apex of second segment also pale.
The winged males appear slightly larger than the wingless, and have the
abdomen slightly more elongate, but its markings are exactly the same.
The fully developed thorax is black, and the wings have a large triangular
stigma of a dark brown colour. The antenne are darker, and apparently
more slender.
PEZOMACHUS OTTAWAENSIS, Nl. Sp.
Female, length, 5-6 mm. Rufous, with abdomen in part black.
Head transverse, slightly narrowed behind; occiput concave ; antennz
long and rather slender, 23-jointed ; face subtuberculate, as also clypeus
slightly ; mandibles sometimes paler, with the teeth black. Thorax
binodose, the nodes subequal; the rounded metathorax not areolated,
but with the posterior face flattened obliquely. Abdomen with a broad
rufo-orange band covering nearly all the second segment, the petiole also
rufous ; the second segment narrowly black at base, and the following
segments black, polished ; ovipositor exserted about 1 mm., sheaths black
at tip.
Described from 23 females bred, with two exceptions, from egg-
cocoons of spiders. This is a large, handsome Pezomachus, very con-
stant in coloration, especially of the abdomen. The base of petiole,
posterior coxze, and femora are darker in a few specimens, and the vertex
of head is occasionally clouded ; individuals may possibly occur with the
head in part black. The egg-cocoons in which this species breeds are
78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
flattened, scale-like objects, 1o-12 mm. in diameter, adhering closely to
stones, and often irregular in shape to conform to the uneven surface.
When new, the silk of which they are spun is of a delicate drab shade,
but weathered cocoons found in spring are of a dull, dirty gray. A
single larva of the Pezomachus occupies each infested cocoon, and when
it has devoured all the spider’s eggs it spins its own elongate cocoon
within that of its host. This insect must be a great check upon the
increase of its spider-host, for of scores of cocoons examined’in one
locality last spring hardly ten per cent. had escaped infestation. Through
the kindness of Mr. L. O. Howard, one of these cocoons has been
examined by Mr. Nathan Banks, who pronounces it to be “ almost cer-
tainly a Drassid cocoon, possibly Micaria, but more probably Prosthes-
ima.” The cocoons are sometimes found on the under surfaces of stones
and pieces of wood, but more frequently on the upper surface of large
embedded rocks.
HEMITELES OTTAWAENSIS, Nl. Sp.
Male, length, 5 mm. Black, with segments two and three of
abdomen yellowish. Head black; palpi pale ; antenne blackish, slender,
about 25-jointed, scape, pedicel and base of third joint pale. Thorax
black, finely punctulate or shagreened ; tegulz pale ; legs rufo-testaceous,
including cox; the posterior tibize and tarsi brownish ; wings as usual,
stigma brown; metathorax feebly areolate, the lateral and posterior
transverse Carine more distinct. Abdomen narrow, segments two and
three yellowish, remainder black.
Described from one male reared from egg-cocoon of spider. The
cocoon was one of a lot, gathered at same time and locality, which
yielded several individuals of the previously described species, and the
Hemiteles is probably the male of that species. I have, therefore, given
to it the same specific name. As it differs, however, in the evident,
though imperfect, areolation of thorax, and in colour of abdomen, etc., it
may be better to separate it for the present. The abdomen is narrower
and less robust than that of the winged males of P. Pettzfiz.
MASTOCHARIS WILDERI, Howard.
Twenty-two examples of this little Chalcid were bred from a hemi-
spherical egg-cocoon of a spider, attached to the under surface of a hickory
leaf. They issued, however, from the cocoon of an Ichneumonid, prob-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79
ably a species of Pimpla, which had devoured the snider’s eggs. The
greenish-blue reflections of the head and thorax of the females, and the
bright coppery gleam of the smaller males, make these little creatures,
when alive and hurrying to and fro with trembling antenne, objects of
considerable beauty. Mr. Howard records the species (Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Wash., Vol. II., p. 299) from James Island, S. C.; Brooklyn, N. Y.;
Sea Cliff, L. I.; Washington, D. C.; and Los Angeles, Cal., showing a
very wide distribution.
TELENOMUS, n. sp. ?
From two eggs found attached, and side by side, on the upper. sur-
face of a hickory leaf, I obtained thirty-one individuals (25 ¢,6 ¢) ofa
Telenomus, which appears to be undescribed, but as the genus is such an
extensive and difficult one I do not care to name it. The eggs, which
are those of our beautiful pale green, swallow-tailed Luna moth, are round
and flattened ; white above and below, and surrounded by a dark brown
band. They are about 2 mm. in diameter, and not much more than
I mm. in thickness, so that when one was tenanted by at least sixteen
larve, their quarters could not have been over spacious. It requires
somewhat careful examination of the egg to find the minute hole from
which the parasites issued.
ACOLOIDES SAITIDIS, Howard.
From the same batch of spider-cocoons which produced the seventeen
examples of Pezomachus Pettitii, there came forth, a few days later, a host
of minute Prototrypids, which seem to belong to the species named as
above by Mr. Howard (Ins. Life, Vol. IL, p. 270), and constituted the
type of his new genus; the type specimens having been bred from eggs
of the spider Saztis pulex. My specimens differ from the description
only in having the apex of the first abdominal segment yellowish. ‘They
commenced to appear on June 4th, and by the evening of June 6th there
had issued 160, nearly all of which were females. The total number that
came forth was 206, consisting of 162 9 and 44 ¢. Such figures might
indicate this to be a very common insect, yet I had never met with it in
my collecting. Previous records for the species are Lincoln, Neb., and
Oxford, Ind.
CHRYSIS NITIDULA, Fabr.
One example of this beautiful green Chrysid was bred from an
almost black cocoon, which was found in a cell of Odynerus catskillensis,
80 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Sauss. The Odynerus cells were built of clay, upon the under surface of
a stone, and formed a compact mass which could not be removed without
rupturing the cells, as their silken lining adhered directly to the uneven
surface of the stone.
CHRYSIS PARVULA, Fabr.
This pretty species very closely resembles the preceding, but is
easily separated by the shape of the terminal segment of abdomen, which
is truncate and tridentate (the central tooth strongest), instead of quadri-
dentate, with curved emarginations separating the teeth. Two examples
were bred from cocoons taken from the cells of Pelopeus cementarius,
Drury, the slender-bodied wasp whose large clay-built groups of cells are
so frequently seen under window-sills and other ledges in the city, and
are placed under stones in the fields. The cocoon of the parasite
occupies one end of the cell made by the industrious wasp as a home for
its own young, and is almost identical in shape and colour with that of
the other Chrysid. The insects emerged on June 2nd and 4th, the cells
having been obtained some weeks previously. Mr. Ashmead has
recorded (Psyche, Vol. VII., p. 79) the rearing of C. perpulchra, Cr.,
and C. cerulans, Fabr., from the same host.
CEROPALES FRATERNA, Smith.
While searching, one day in early spring, for the potato-like galls
which are produced by Tribalia upon the roots of wild roses, I found
under a flat stone, slightly imbedded in the turf, about a dozen fusiform
hymenopterous cocoons, about 15 mm. long. They were scattered on
the surface of the soil, and some had already become mouldy from the
dampness of the ground. From those which were not so affected 1
obtained in due time a female and four males of Pompzlus luctuosus, Cr.,
which liberated themselves by neatly cutting off the large end of the
cocoon. From one of the larger cocoons there emerged in the same
manner, instead of the velvety-black Pompilus, a long-legged, yellow-
banded Ceropales.
AGENIA ARCHITECTA, Say.
The mud cells of this pretty little blue wasp are not uncommon
under stones in dry fields near woods. They are cylindrical in shape,
and several may be found on the same stone, but they are not massed
together and cemented into one lump, as are those of the mud-wasps
previously mentioned. The wasps have been bred several times, but I
have as yet reared no parasites.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81
ON THE STRUCTURAL AFFINITIES OF THE GENUS DEMAS.
BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S., LONDON, ENGLAND.
In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Voi. IIL., pp.
130-131, Mr. Harrison G. Dyar writes as follows: ‘ Prof. E. B, Poulton
has shown that dorsal eversible glands are of general occurrence throughout
the Lymantriide (Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, p. 300) on the tenth
and eleventh joints (segments), or rarely only on the eleventh joint (Das-
ychira pudibunda). Probably these structures are characteristic of the
family, but Prof. Poulton did not find them in Demas. This genus has
been considered to belong to the /Voctuide, but English authors assume
it to be a Lymantriid. Mr. J. W. Tutt remarks, in speaking of Prof. J. B.
Smith’s recent ‘Catalogue of the Noctuide’ (Ent. Record, VL., p. 70) :—
“The obsolete position of Demas among the JVoctuide is retained.”
Now, is this position ‘obsolete?’ The absence of the retractile tubercles
certainly throws doubt on the matter. Now,I have shown a character-
istic difference in the arrangement of the thoracic tubercles between the
Lymantriide and the LVoctuide (Trans. New York Acad. Sci., XIV.,
p. 57), and Demas shows the Noctuid structure. Therefore, on all
essential larval characters Demas is a Noctuid. It might, indeed, be an
Arctian, as far as the larva goes, but not a Lymantriid. As concerning
the structure of the imago, Demas seems to have greater affinity with the
Noctuide than any other family ; in fact, it appears to me that the placing
of Demas among the Lymantriide may properly be characterized as
premature.” Further, Mr. Dyar writes as follows :— “ Pupa, shining
dark brown with a large wrinkled cremaster and three movable incisures.
Of the usual Noctuid appearance (quite unlike Orgyza) and passing the
- winter.” This statement regarding the pupa must be read carefully in
connection with the remarks of Dr. Chapman quoted below.
Now, I would call Mr. Dyar’s attention to the following statements
made by Dr. Chapman some two or three years ago. He writes :—‘‘We
now come to the two species, Demas coryli and Diloba caeruleocephala,
that are certainly not very much related to each other, and though they
have some indications of affinity with Acronycta, are not near enough to be
placed in the same family. D. corydi, I should certainly restore to its old
place in the Ziparide, to which it is far closer than to the Acronyctas.
, ,» . . But neither of them seemed to me to be nearer to Acronycta
bo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
than is Arctia or Liparis, or Orthosia, or Xylina, which appear to b°
perhaps the families nearest to Acronycta in different directions ” (Entom.
Record, Vol. III., p. 249).
Dr. Chapman then gives (Ibid. pp. 249-251) a most exact and
scientific description of the egg, the newly-hatched larva, and the larva.
after each change of skin, of D. cory/z, annotating his description
throughout by comparison with the Ziparide (or Lymantriide, as it
appears to be called by American lepidopterists).
After thus exhaustively dealing with the structure of Demas in its
various stages, Dr. Chapman concludes :—‘‘ The larva of D. cory/i is
cleariy a Liparid, not, therefore, perhaps so very remote from Acronycta,
but, still, distinctly a Bompyx (if that name still has a definite collective
meaning) and not a Noctua. The pupa of ZD. coryéi is not that of a
Nocrua, though the character of the anal armature has some resem-
blance to various Noctua forms” (Entom. Record, Vol. IV., p. 97).
The larva is excellently drawn and figured in the same volume of the
magazine (Pl. 1x., Fig. 2), where the newly-hatched larva is shown x 20
diams., and compared with the Acronyctids, with which it has been sug-
gested to have certain affinities. The pupa is also figured in the same
plate (Fig. 5, pupa of D. cory/i, nat. size; Fig. 5a, pupa of D. coryli,
showing dorsal view of armature ; Fig. 5b, pupa, showing ventral view ;
Fig. 5c, pupa, showing lateral view ;—the three latter x 15 diams.
It is clear that neither Prof. Smith nor Mr. Dyar have ever seen
these excellent papers by Dr. Chapman. It is equally clear that it
should be the business of every lepidopterist of repute to do so. One of
the greatest complaints that I have to offer against critical writers on
American lepidopterology is their general ignorance of British work.
Surely the Zyansactions of our leading Entomological Societies and the
leading magazines should be a part of every entomologist’s monthly or
quarterly pabulum. If they were, one would have to complain less of
misunderstanding due to a want of knowledge of all the facts bearing on
the case.
I trust if Mr. Dyar or Prof. Smith should be inclined to challenge
the above facts, they will read Dr. Chapman’s articles first. The above
are necessarily brief excerpts, and the whole bearing of Dr. Chapman’s
position can only be understood by reading his complete essays.
CO
Oo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A NEW COCCID FROM TEXAS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, NEW MEXICO AGR. EXP. STATION.
Aulacaspis texensis, n. Sp.— 9 scale circular, 123 mm. diameter, very
slightly convex, dull brownish-gray or sepia-brown, becoming transparent
at the edges ; sometimes entirely whitish. Exuvize exposed, sepia-brown,
not far from central, rst skin to one side of 2nd, but wholly on it, with
some white secretion extending over the centre of the 2nd.
2 alive, plump, dull pale greenish-orange. When dead and dry
dark yellowish-brown, remaining so when boiled in soda. Outline
circular, pygidial portion striated ; anal orifice rather small, as far behind
level of caudolateral groups of glands as they are behind cephalolateral.
A marginal row of 3 or 4 longitudinally elongated pores; and a sub-
marginal row of pores, the two caudad longitudinally elongate, the 3
cephalad small and round ; 5 groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals ro,
cephalolaterals about 16, median about 8. Median lobes wide apart,
with a slight prominence between them bearing a pair of small spines.
Median lobes oblique, much as in A. drome/ia, but the long inner slope
convex, with 5 very distinct serrations, counting the one which forms the
tip ; outer short margin with one serration. Immediately outside each
median lobe, and touching it, is a spine-like plate, its tip about or hardly
on a level with the tip of the lobe. ‘Then comes a very small and low,
strongly bifid 2nd lobe, then a spine, then a rather large spine-like plate,
then a very low and broad trifid lobe (one might almost as well say 3
serrations on the margin), then a spine, then a spine-like plate, then two
serrations, and a very rudimentary third (sometimes all three obscure),
then another spine-like plate, and after a short interval another, then
after a short interval a pointed prominence followed by a notch, then 3
spine-like plates at rather long intervals.
gd scale 1 mm. long, white, tricarinate, but the lateral carinze rather
feeble ; exuviz very pale ochreous. The ¢ scales occur in patches on
the leaves, much as in Chionaspis exercitata, Green.
ffab.—San Antonio, Texas, Nov. 27th, 1895, on both sides of
leaves of Sophora secundifiora. |C. H.'T. Townsend. |
The species was first collected by Mr. Schwarz; and afterwards
“Messrs. Howard, Schwarz, and Townsend found it very abundant near
San Antonio. The plant was determined by Mr. Coville. This is the
first native North American Audacaspis.
(os)
ree
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
PHOTOGRAPHS WITHOUT SHADOWS.
A large percentage of the half-tone reproductions from photographs,
for illustrating Experiment Station Bulletins, are greatly reduced in value
because of a lack of detail caused by heavy shadows, resulting from the
use of opaque backgrounds near the objects photographed. To overcome
this difficulty and to make such
pictures of more value to special-
ists working in the fields of
entomology, botany, and _ horti-
culture, a device, which is the
outcome of combining. several
well-known principles, is here
represented.
Many details can be easily
photographed and reproduced
by this arrangement which are
usually obtained by pen and ink
drawings, and the personal equa-
tion entering into such work is
thus eliminated.
The salient features of this
device are: no shadows, accu-
racy of colour values and form ;
details and time are saved. All
these features are evident from a
glance at figure 11, except, per-
haps, the saving of time; but
after a second thought, this is
also obvious, as the objects to
be photographed are simply laid
on a horizontal plane instead of
being fastened to a perpendicu-
pace: ; lar surface.
Dr. Holland, of Pittsburgh, Pa., a Lepidoptera specialist, on a
recent visit to our Station, saw the arrangement and was much pleased
by the advantages it offers to any of his plans for obliterating shadows in
photographing butterflies and moths.
Pictures being more easily understood than descriptions, we have
made a photograph of the outfit shown in figure 1o, and also one showing
a butterfly taken with the device, figure rr.
——— ss ee ee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85
The apparatus consists of a four-legged stool, in this case 2% feet
high, with an opening in the top and a copying camera placed over the
hole. A pane of glass (C) is now placed on the upper or lower rounds
of the stool (A or B), according to the distance you wish your object to
be from the lens. The objects to be photographed are placed upon the
glass, and for a background a sheet of paper or other material is laid on
the floor (D) under the glass. In this case a white background is used
because the butterfly is principally of a dark colour. By a glance at
figure rr you will see that the objectionable shadows are obliterated.
In photographing pinned insects it is necessary to have some scheme
for holding them on the glass in the posi-
tion desired. This is easily done by
gluing a small piece of cork on the glass
surface in which to insert the pin holding
the insect. It is necessary to have the
cork small enough so that it does not
protrude beyond the specimen when
looked at through the camera.
This device can be easily modified to |
suit an ordinary view camera by simply
adding a piece of board to the top of the
stool and letting it extend in a perpendic- —— re
ular manner similar to E in figure to. By Fic. 11.
having a hole in this board one can fasten a camera in place with a thumb-
screw, precisely as it is fastened to a tripod, with the exception that the
lens is directed downward.
TPHictioes
_ AGAR
W. Eart RUMSEY,
Asst. Entomologist.
West Virginia Agr. Expt. Station, Morgantown, West Va.
A NEW TYPHLOPSYLLA FROM MEXICO.
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COL.
Belonging to that group of the genus having head combs arising in
front of the antennal grooves ina line nearly perpendicular to the long
axis of the head, instead of along the lower margins of the cheeks, and
which includes the two species gracilis and fraterna.
Typhlopsylla mexicana, n. sp.—Female. In form resembling Z:
musculi. Head rather strongly pointed, face receding. Bristles on head
numerous, strong and spine-like, one on either side of extreme tip, short
86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and stout. Antennal groove open, spines on second joint equalling tip
of joint 3. Head comb of four short, heavy spines, their tips very obtuse
and sides nearly parallel ; the second from above reaching as far back as
tips of antenne, and slightly longer than the others, which are nearly
equal in length. Maxille very acute, rather broad at base. Maxillary
palpi stout, the joints decrease in size in the following order: 1, 4, 2, 3,
the third being shortest, the fourth narrowed to a slender tip. _Mandibles
reaching two-thirds length of anterior coxa. Pronotal comb of twenty-
two close-set spines. Bristles on dorsal abdominal segments in two
rows, the second of ten to fourteen long and strong bristles, on ventral
segments in single rows of four to eight similar bristles, the tuft on apical
ventral segment rather large. Legs rather strongly spined, close-set
even rows of spines on posterior margins of all tibie being especially
conspicuous. Apical spines on hind tibie extending nearly two-thirds
the length of first tarsal joint. In middle tarsi joint 2 equals 5, 3 is half
of 1 and three-fourths of 5, 5 is twice 4. In hind tarsi joint 1 is as long
as 2, 3, and one-half of 4 together, and about three times the length of 3,
2 equals 4 and 5 together, 3 nearly equals 5. Colour pale brownish.
Length 2.5 mm.
Described from a single female taken from ‘“ Mus rattus” at
Guanajuato, Mexico, by Dr. Alf. Duges. ‘This very distinct species is
easily separated from either gvacidis or fraterna by the above description.
BOOK NOTICE.
Mittheilungen aus dem Roemer—Museum, Hildesheim. No. 3.—Januar,
1896. Dik ApaTELIDEN, von A. Radcliffe Grote, A. M. (Mit 2
photographischen Tafeln und 3 Zinkographien im Texte.)
Mr. Grote here defines the family Apatelide and gives a list of the
species which can be referred to it with reasonable certainty in the_
present state of our knowledge. ‘The subdivision of the genus Apatela
on larval and on pupal characters is discussed at some length, and r5
subgeneric names are recognized, including both European and American
species. Two of these names are new, and one new species is described,
Panthea portlandia, Grote. The two plates represent a number of
typical European Apatelide. The moths are excellently done, but the
larvee are only imperfectly shown, as their cylindrical bodies fail to focus
sharply in the photographs.
This paper may also be consulted for a concise statement of the
classification of the Lepidoptera on larval characters (page 3), and a con-
tinuation of the discussion of the generic term Noctua (p. 4). a
HarRRIsoNn G. DYAR.
Mailed March 3rd, 1896,
The — Esta
Nou. XXVIII “LONDON, APRIL, 1896. No. 4.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF NORTH
AMERICAN SYRPHID:.
BY W. D. HUNTER, ASS’T IN ENTOMOLOGY, UNIV. OF NEBRASKA.
[The material mentioned in this paper (with the exception of the type of Chz/osia
Townsendi, n. sp., from the collection of the Cal. Acad. of Sciences) is in either the
collection of the University of Nebraska or of Prof. C. W. Johnson, of Philadelphia.
In each case I have taken care to mention in which one of these the specimens may be
found. }
Callicera Johnsoni, n. sp.
Male.—Eyes contiguous for about two-thirds their width above,
densely long, white pilose, with a sharply defined vertical black band
about one-fifth their width ; above, the two bands are confluent. Occiput
shining olivaceous, white pilose. Ocellar area with a tuft of ferrugineous
pile. Spot above the antenne bare, shining black. Face shining black,
except the tip of the indistinct tubercle, which is opaque ; covered,
except an indistinct median stripe, and more densely below, with abundant
long light yellowish pile ; very indistinctly concave below the antenne.
Cheeks shining olivaceous, except an anterior velvety cross-band and an
indistinct spot below the lowest margin of the eyes; long -yellow pilose.
Palpi clavate, testaceous at base, apical half black. Antenne entirely
black, with short stiff black hairs on the first and second joints ; first
joint cylindrical ; second expanded at apex, less than half as long as the
first ; third joint bare, over twice as long as the first and second togetier,
expanded on basal half, flattened, bent outwardly at middle. Style short,
obtuse. Thorax: dorsum shining olivaceous, with five opaque, very
indistinct, longitudinal bands; pile obscure yellowish, abundant. Pleura
shining, with more distinctly yellow pile. Wings a trifle tinged with
yellow anteriorly, veins testaceous. Anterior cross-vein distinctly before
the middle of the discal cell. Last section of the fourth vein with the
first third straight, distinctly sinuate inwardly. Tegule white, ciliate,
Abdomen entirely covered with moderately long yellowish-white pile ;
first segment entirely opaque ; second, except a broad cross-band,
expanded medially into a large triangle, the apex of which reaches
88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST.
the anterior margin, shining olivaceous ; third segment entirely shining.
Legs: femora, except the extreme tips, black ; long white pilose ; tibie
testaceous at base, at apex ferrugineous. Tarsi ferrugineous, darker at
tips. L, 10% mm.
One specimen [Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, Pa.], collected by Mr.
Chas. I. Greene and kindly transmitted to me by Prof. C. W. Johnson, of
the Wagner Institute of that city, to whom I most respectfully dedicate it.
This species differs from the European C. ena, Fabr., to which it is
allied, in the markings of the abdomen, the absence of the ‘“ snow-white
style,” the general dull colour, and in several other respects ; from the
only other described North American species, C. montensis, Snow, in not
having the face and front black pilose nor the thorax and abdomen golden
pilose. Mr. Snow writes me that he has never observed any variation in
the colour of the pile in montensis at all. There are other differences in
the coloration of the antenne and legs and-in the form of the fourth
vein.
The capture of this insect is deemed worthy of more than passing
notice. The species of Cad/icera are found almost exclusively near the
tops of mountains. ‘The only species up to the present time found
outside of Europe was C. montensis, Snow. The three type specimens
were taken on the top of Mt. Deception, in Colorado, at an altitude of
9,000 feet. Later, two more specimens were taken on one of the peaks
of the Magdalena Mountains, in New Mexico, at an altitude of 9,500 feet,
also by Snow. The species was described by Snow, in Kansas Uni.
Quart. ViolsL., \p: 33/5. Jiuly,) 1392.
In Europe, as far as I have been able to ascertain, there is only one
record of the capture of a Caddicera except on a mountain top. — Prof.
Stein has ithis note in the Berlin Ent. Zeitschr., 1860, 325 [translating]:
“Callicera fulva, Schaum.—I captured a female of this species on the first
of June, in the vicinity of Frankfurt-a.-d.-O. It was resting on flowering
Spartium scoparium, which was, perhaps, only accidental. A thorough
search of the same place eight days later yielded no result.”
The present is, therefore, the second record of the capture of a species
of this genus at a remarkably low altitude, the altitude in this case being
considerably lower than that of Frankfort-on-the-Oder, which is about
125 feet. Fairmont Park lies on both sides of the Schuylkill River,
adjoining Philadelphia on the Northwest, and probably in no aigee
exceeds an altitude of sixty feet.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89
oN
The occurrence of the first discovered specimen of this European
genus in the western part of North America was another verification of
the well-known biological law that European forms are more likely to
occur in the western than in the eastern part of this Continent, as pointed
out by Snow. It is clear now, however, that since two species have been
discovered, one eastern and the other western, and the eastern as closely
related to the typical European forms as the western, that any such
conclusion in regard to this genus is no longer valid.
Microdon fulgens, Wied.
This species was included in Williston’s Synopsis of N. A. Syrphidee,
on the authority of Wiedemann, who described the species, Aussereu-
ropeischen Zweifl., Insecten 82 (I.), from a specimen ‘“‘In Berliner
Museum, aus Neugeorgian,” and on Macquart’s statement, Dipt. Exot.
Ier. Suppl., 122, of habitat as Florida and Guiana. Wiedemann’s short,
terse description is abundantly sufficient to separate it from its congeners.
It is as follows :—
‘Antenne black. Face steel-blue, thinly yellowish-white pilose.
Thorax golden-green ; in certain reflections there appear copper-coloured
stripes. Ante-alar callosities (Vorflugeldreieck) steel-blue; front
between green and blue-metallic. Wings nearly pure brown, on the thin
veins only brownish; tegule white with a black ciliate border. Legs
green or blue” [translation by Williston].
The front is mixed white and black pilose, front and middle tarsi
opaque black, pulvilli light yellow. Scutellum very broad, the posterior
margin almost parallel with the anterior; the spines distinct. The outer
cross-veins are distinctly sinuate.
One specimen, a female [St. Augustine, Florida; Prof. C. W. John-
son|, now in the collection of the University.
The robust form, entirely metallic colour, black antenne, and large
size are such as to make the species unmistakable,
Chrysotoxum derivatum, Walker.
This genus is a very difficult one, and much confusion prevails even
in Europe as to the limitation of the species. Even such structural
characters as the comparative length of the antennal joints are of very
little value, although such an authority as Schiner has used them. They
all show a very great resemblance in coloration, and the’ species are
very variable. In Europe there are about fifteen described species, and
in this country ten, one of which must be dropped on account of the
imperfect description,
90) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The material in the University collection contains numerous speci-
mens that must be C. derivatum, but it is only by a process of elimi-
nauon that this conclusicn can be reached. As Mr. Snow states of other
specimens: ‘They seem to belong here, however, better than else-
where.” These specimens were taken in extreme North-western
Nebraska, and in the Big Horn Mountains, in Wyoming. They exhibit
all the variations in the markings of the abdomen that Snow has
mentioned (Kans. Uni. Quart. Vol. I., 35). Besides these, there are
three specimens of both sexes—two taken at Lincoln and one at Har-
vard, Nebraska—that differ as follows: The anterior margin of the
wings is only very lightly tinged with yellow, whereas in the others they
are always very distinctly so ; the abdomen is covered with erect, light-
coloured pile, while in the mountain specimens it is provided with only
very short black hairs ; the median stripes of the thorax are very distinct,
while in the others they are obsolete or entirely wanting; the four
anterior femora are entirely yellow, while in the others there is a distinct
black spot near the base. From this I conclude that these specimens
are of a different species, which I am quite certain is pubescens, Loew,
although the only differences in the descriptions of these two species are
that in one there are distinct dorsal vitte and the wings are tinged with
brown anteriorly, while in the other these points are not mentioned, and
hence, may or may not be present. But from a study of this material,
part of which must be derivatum, I am certain that pubescens and
der?vatum are both good species, and should stand, no matter how many
of the other species of this genus must fall. I am thus enabled to give
the following amended descriptions of the two species.
C. derivatum, Walker.
Second joint of antenne one-fourth to one-half as long as third,
sometimes shorter than the first ; arista yellowish. Thorax with the
median vitte at all discernable only in the female. Abdomen every-
where covered with short sparse black hairs. First segment black,
second lateral margin black, except sometimes the posterior corners, the
yellow band is very distinctly interrupted, the two parts arcuate and often
expanded medially, posterior margin black. Band of third segment more
equal in width than first, interrupted or entire, not always reaching the
lateral borders, which are mostly black; entire posterior margin expanded
in the middle, yellow. The black markings of the fourth segment vary
from an anterior uninterrupted band, expanded to include most of the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Of
lateral borders, and a complete arched band in the middle of the segment
to a very narrow anterior band, sometimes interrupted in the middle, and
not including all of the lateral margins, and an indistinct middle spot with
a very slender, elongate spot at each side of it. On this segment the
yellow posterior margin may be entirely separated from the anterior band,
but usually they are confluent at the corners. Fifth segment with an
anterior black band, expanded to include more or less of the lateral
margins, and a black spot like an inverted V or Y. Often this spot is
obsolete, leaving only three small spots to form the outline of a V. Legs
yellow. All the coxe, and trochanters, and a distinct shining spot at the
base of each of the four anterior femora, black. Posterior tarsi tinged
with reddish. Wings very distinctly brownish (less so in the female) on
anterior third.
C. pubescens, Loew.
Very much like derivatum, but differing in having the legs entirely
yellow, the abdomen everywhere covered with erect yellowish pile, and
the median thoracic stripes distinct. The wings are much less distinctly
marked with yellow. Second joint of antenne longer than first; third
joint in female about equal to the first two; in the male it is slightly
longer. Abdomen marked like that of der/vatum, except that the pos-
terior margin of the second is always yellow, and the anterior corners of
segments three and four are reddish. The black mark on the fifth
segment is like an inverted V or Y ; or the branches may be arcuate.
Psilota buccata, Macquart | Dipt. Exot. II., 2, 107, pl. xviii, fig. 2].
The history of this species and its attribution to the United States is
as follows : It was described by Macquart, in the Memoirs of the Society
of Arts and Sciences of Lille in 1841, and the locality given as ‘‘Carolina.”
It was here placed in the genus /zf7za. In the fifth supplement to the
Dipt. Exot., which was published in 1855, Macquart describes a species,
flavidipennis, for the first time under the genus Psz/ota, which was
founded by Meigen, in his Syst. Beschr. III, 256, in 1822, several years
before the other species, duccata, was described under the genus P2fiza.
In 1862 Dr. Loew, in the Monographs of the Dipt. of N. A., I, 27,
in mentioning the various genera of Syrphide that have been recorded
from North America, states that Macquart has recorded a Psi/ota from
North America, but that, as that genus had been misunderstood by most
authors, he would not venture to mention it among those truly represented
in N. A. The reference mentioned above was undoubtedly his authority
for this statement,
,
92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The next step comes in 1878, with the appearance of Osten Sacken’s
second edition of his Catalogue of N. A. Diptera. In that he includes é
Psilota flavidipennis, Macq., giving the author’s habitat, Philadelphia, and
calling attention to the note by Loew just referred to. It is very certain
that if he had found the species in nature, he would have mentioned the
fact. We must hence conclude that he had not, and included it simply
on the authority of Macquart, which makes it very uncertain that the
species is North American at all up to this date.
Between this time and the time of the publication of Williston’s.
Synopsis it is evident that some specimens were captured in this country.
For Williston states that he found two specimens in the Loew type col-
lection which were labelled Psz/ota flavidipennis at Cambridge. Hence,
it is certain from this time on that this species is a North American one, and
that Macquart’s locality was probably correct, as was his determination.
Now, Williston states that he has no doubt that these specimens so
labelled are duccata, but that they are favidipennis is doubtful. In other
words, he thinks that the correct determination of the specimens is as
buccata, and that Macquart’s other species, favidipennis, may or may not
be the same as that species. Hence, in his Synopsis he places Macquart’s
description of flavidipennis along with that of duccata, as revised after an
examination of the specimens at Cambridge.
Without assuming that my opinion will settle the matter at all, I may
say that it seems that they are two distinct species. The colour of the
legs and of the abdomen is quite different. The two specimens from
Georgia that Williston mentions [Syn. App., 292] may and may not be
the true favidipennis of Macquart. It is very doubtful. The less shin-
ing abdomen would seem to favor the conclusion that they are, while the
more concave face would point to an opposite conclusion.
There are known in collections specimens of this species as follows :
In the Loew type collection, at Cambridge, two specimens ; in the U. S.
National Museum, eight specimens, six from Texas and two from Georgia ;
in Mr..C. W. Johnson’s collection, at Philadelphia, several specimens
from Texas; and in the collection of the University here, one specimen
from Blanco County, Texas ;—this specimen has the pile everywhere
pure white.
Chilosia prima, Nn. sp.
Female.—Z yes and arista bare (when magnified twenty diameters,
the arista shows distinct hairs). Face not pilose, scutellum without dis-
tinct marginal bristles; legs almost entirely yellow.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93
Front distinctly trisulcate, sparsely punctured, shining black, with
moderately long whitish pile more abundant between the lateral sutures
and the eye margin. Occiput opaque, white pubescent, except near the
eye margin, where it is shining olivaceous and pilose. Face shining black ;
viewed from in front, covered, except broadly on the tubercle, with very
fine pubescence (viewed from the side it appears bare); very deeply con-
cave below the antenne and indistinctly so below the tubercle, with a few
short hairs between the facial sutures and the eyes. Tubercle round,
subacute, shining, much more prominent than the antennal elevation,
situated below the middle of the face. Epistoma not projecting, in
profile obliquely truncate at apex, lower margin straight and horizontal,
Cheeks narrow, coloured and provided with pile like the face. Proboscis
large, flabellate, dark ferrugineous ; palpi cylindrical. Antennz and
narrow margin of the orifices bright reddish-fulvous, first joint slightly
darker, second with a few short dark bristles, third joint somewhat longer
than broad and a little flattened above and below, large and nearly oval.
Arista basal, black, micro-pubescent, not incrassate. Humeral callosities
ferrugineous, inwardly silvery pollinose. Dorsum slightly metallic,
sparsely punctured, more coarsely so posteriorly, with sparse erect light
yellow pile. Pleura shining olivaceous, with very sparse whitish pile.
Scutellum coarsely punctured, black, rather long pilose and with slightly
stronger hairs on the border. Abdomen robust, distinctly expanded on
segments two and three, sparsely but distinctly punctured, with short
sparse yellowish pile, everywhere shining except a broad median stripe
on the second segment. ‘This stripe has a small shining area in its middle
anteriorly. There is a general, almost indiscernable, purplish cast to the
abdomen. Venter shining, polished anteriorly, light yellowish pilose, the
apical margins of the segments reddish. Legs light fulvous, with moder-
ately long whitish-yellow pile; middle and posterior coxe black ; the
apical joint of all the tarsi, and a large spot on the outside of the posterior
tibie, brownish. Claws black, pulvilli whitish. Wings hyaline, veins
testaceous, apical cross-vein parallel to the margin of wing, meeting
the third vein at an acute angle. Tegule and narrow base of the wing
distinctly yellowish. Long. corp., 11 mm.; L. alae., 8.5 mm.
One specimen [ Philadelphia, Pa., 9-4-91], collected by Prof. C. W.
‘Johnson. The type is now in his collection.
This species falls in the group with bare eyes and arista, which
includes as North American species, capi//ata, Loew ; comosa, Loew ;
94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
nigripennis, Will. ; versipedlis, Will. ; parva, Will. ; leucoparea, Loew ;
tarda, Snow ; and Zuctfa, Snow. From all these, except parva, Will., it is
easily separable by the colour of the legs, which are almost entirely yellow.
From parva it is separabie by the abdominal markings as well as by the
much larger size.
Chilosia Townsendi,n. sp. {To Prof. C. H. Tyler Townsend. |
Male.—Eyes bare, arista very long plumose, face not pilose, scutel-
lum with very distinct bristles, third joint of antennz quadrangular, one
and one-fourth times as long as broad, slightly concave above, the angles
scarcely rounded.
Pile of vertex long, black. Front unisulcate, very slightly shining,
black pilose. Eyes contiguous for one-half their width. Antenne small,
ferruginous, apical third of third joint darker. Arista situated at extreme
base of the joint, obscurely reddish, long plumose except at the extreme
apex. Face covered, except broadly on the tubercle, with short appressed
whitish pubescence, everywhere slightly shining, in profile distinctly
concave below the antenne. Tubercle below the middle, very obtuse,
more projecting than the antennal prominence. From _ tubercle to
epistoma, which is projecting, deeply concave. Epistoma beneath almost
horizontal, in front obliquely truncate. Cheeks coloured and pubescent
like the face, narrow with a transverse sulcus in the middle. Occiput
olivaceous dull silvery pollinose. Proboscis very small. Humeri obscurely
reddish-white pubescent. Dorsum subopaque on the side, shining, with
erect black pile which grows into bristles posteriorly and laterally.
Pleura shining olivaceous with erect yellowish pile Scutellum shining,
finely punctured, with very long distinct bristles on the margin and a
fringe of white pile below, elsewhere it is black. Abdomen with sides
nearly parallel, laterally with dense, bushy pile, which is white, except at
the posterior corners of segments three and four. On the top the pile is
sparse, black in the middle and yellowish at the sides. First segment
entirely, narrow anterior margin of the second and third, shining metallic,
fourth segment everywhere shining, but less metallic. Hypopygium shin-
ing, white pilose. Venter distinctly punctate, obscurely reddish laterally ;
first segment shining white pilose and pubescent, second opaque with
mixed black and white pubescence, third shining, black pubescent, and
with very narrow posterior margin reddish. Legs black, mixed black and
white pilose, al) the trochanters, coxee and narrow base and apex of the
femora, posterior tibia except a wide median annulus and their tarsi
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95
except the first and last joints, reddish; anterior and middle tibiz except
wide median annulus and their tarsi except the apical joint, yellowish.
All the femora have a fringe of strong black hairs on the apical portion
of the posterior side. Claws, except their apical half, reddish. Wings
long, everywhere tinged with brownish ; veins all brownish. Long. corp.,
1o mm; al., 9 mm.
This species is very closely allied to C. fréstis, Loew, but is easily
separable from that species by the colour of the antennz and the form of
the third joint, which is not at all ‘‘subrotundo,” as well as by several
other characters.
One specimen [Marin County, California; Haines], in the collec-
tion of Cal. Acad. of Science. It was kindly transmitted to me for
examination by Mr. Chas. Fuchs, through the courtesy of Mr. H. H.
Baer, of the Academy. ,
This specimen is the identical one referred to by Mr. C. H. Tyler
Townsend, in the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, Vol. IV., 611, under the
head of CAzZosia, n. sp. ?
Allograpta fracta, O. S. Western Diptera, 331, 1877.
The type of this species, a single male, was captured by Baron Osten
Sacken, at Santa Monica, California, February 20, 1876. Since then no
record has been made of its capture. In the collection of the University
of Nebraska is a single female specimen captured at Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, November, 1887, by Prof. Bruner. It differs in no respect from
Osten Sacken’s description of the male. The front is yellow laterally and
the first segment of the abdomen has the sides as well as the anterior
margin yellow.
It is quite a remarkable fact that of the two specimens of this species
known in collections, the latter one was captured in exactly the same
locality as the type, though eleven years later.
Mesogramma parvula, Loew.
This species has been recorded from Florida and Georgia only.
There isa male specimen in the collection of the University, labelled
Orizabo, Mex., Jan., ’92; Prof. Bruner. It agrees exactly with the
description, except that the black of the second segment of the abdomen
is entirely shining and that the third and fourth segments have the black
markings very obscure, but like the typical ones in outline. Two other
specimens from St. Augustine, Florida, collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson,
of Philadelphia.
96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A careful study of this material seems to make it clearthat AZ. Bosciz,
Macq., and JZ. parvula, Loew, are one and the same species. Absolutely
the only differences in the descriptions of these two species are in the
markings of the abdomen, and they are notoriously variable in the species
of this genus. In Sosc7z the first segment is black and the anterior half
of the second is yellow; in parvuda the anterior margin of the first
segment is yellow and the anterior margin of the second is black. Now,
one of these specimens shows a very narrow yellow anterior margin on
the first segment, and the other specimen has it entirely black, but in both
the second segment is black on the anterior margin. Such a combination
of the only characters that separate these species in individual specimens
seems to make their identity certain.
Mesogramma marginata, Say.
One specimen from Orizabo, Mexico; Jan. This species has been
recorded from all parts of the United States and from several points in
Mexico.
Baccha Tarchetius, Walker.
There has been recorded only one specimen of this species besides
the type in the British Museum ; this one was from New Jersey [Mr. Keen]
and is now in the National Museum. In the collection of the University
are two specimens—one from Philadelphia, Penn., and the other from
Mobile, Ala.—both taken by Mr. C. W. Johnson, and from his collection.
They are both females and differ from the description of the male in
having two yellow spots similar to those on the third segment on the fifth.
In all other respects the description applies exactly.
Baccha clavata, Fabr. :
This species is a common one in the Southern States. It has been
recorded from Georgia, Florida, Arizona, and two localities in New
Mexico ; Schiner mentions it ‘aus Sud-America.” The capture of a
specimen at Lincoln is therefore quite remarkable and gives the species a
very much enlarged range. This specimen, a male, was taken near the
flowers of a species of aster growing near the water, in September, by the
writer. The larva of this species is a very beneficial one in districts
where oranges are grown, as it feeds on the aphids that often infest the
trees.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Jf
Baccha notuta, Loew, Diptera Americe septentrionalis, Cent. VI1., 65,
TSO.
MALe.—‘‘ OCHRACEOUS ; VERTICAL TRIANGLE AND SPOT ON THE
FRONT, BLACK ; DORSUM OF THORAX, EXCEPT LATERAL BORDER, DARK
OCHRACEOUS, MARKED MEDIALLY WITH A GREENISH - BLACK STRIPE 3
ABDOMEN WITH DARK LINES ; WINGS INFUSCATE, TOWARDS COSTA LUTES-
CENT.
** Head luteous ; occiput cinereous ; vertical triangle black ; front
opaque, black pilose, and with a minute black spot; frontal lunule naked,
near the antenne black. Antenne ochraceous. Face light ochraceous,
semi-transparent, entirely shining. ‘Thorax ochraceous ; dorsum, except
the wide lateral margins, dark fuscous, with two median lines abbreviated
posteriorly and double lateral marks shining virescent. Scutellum
ochraceous ; metanotum bronzy- black ; pectus marked with black.
Abdomen ochraceous, with fuscous longitudinal lines; hypopygium
bronzy-black. Legs ochraceous; apical third of posterior femora and
posterior tibia, except a wide subbasal annulus, subfuscous. Wings
infuscate, towards costa yellowish ; marginal and apex of the submarginal
cells distinctly coloured with fuscous.” |Translation. |
One specimen, a male, agrees in almost all respects with Loew’s
description. The coloration of the wings is much less marked, however.
They are subhyaline, iridescent, costa tinged with testaceous. The
posterior femora are testaceous except a dark annulus on apical third ;
the posterior tibia except basal third are dark. The abdomen is
furnished with moderately long light pile, especially on the first and
second segments. First segment, except a broad, uninterrupted band on
posterior margin, yellow; second segment fuscous subtranslucent with a
distinct light band just beyond the middle ; remaining segments yellow,
except the lateral margin and four slender black bands slightly expanded
at the apex. Third joint of antenne very short; oval.
One specimen [Charlotte Harbour, Florida; Mrs. Slosson]. This
species was described by Loew, in 1861, from a specimen collected by
Gundlach, in Cuba. The present is the first record of its capture since
that time and the only record of its occurrence in the United States.
My thanks are due to Prof. Williston for aid in determining this
specimen,
Lristalis latifrons, Loew.
This is a very widely-distributed and common species in the West.
98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. }
Snow has recorded it from five different localities in Colorado and from
four in New Mexico. Besides this, it has been recorded by Williston,
from California, Kansas, Arizona, Texas, and Mexico, and from the latter
locality also by E. Giglio-Tos. In the collection of the University there
are numerous specimens from Lincoln and West Point, Neb., Custer, S.
D., Los Angeles, Cal., and Lerdo, Mexico. The three female specimens
from the latter locality are not in the least different from the others.
Several female specimens that are not otherwise different have a very
large spot of brownish in the middle of the wing. One female specimen
from Lincoln, Neb., lacks the opaque spots on the third segment of the
abdomen, as did several male specimens from California that Prof.
Williston mentions.
Eristalis Brousi, Will. ;
There are specimens in the collection of the University from Hot
Springs, and Custer, S. D., Soda Springs, Idaho, and Laramie, Wyoming.
One female specimen has the spots on the second segment of the
abdomen yellow and distinct, as Snow has observed in other specimens.
This species has been recorded from Alaska to Colorado and to New
England.
Eristalis montanus, Will.
A male specimen collected at Soda Springs, Idaho, by Prof. Bruner,
agrees exactly with Williston’s description, except that the eyes are dis-
tinctly contiguous, and that the black of the third segment of the
abdomen is not contiguous with that of the second; the margin of the
second segment posteriorly is yellow slightly tinged with reddish. The
type specimen of this species, a single male, was captured at Como,
Wyoming, at an altitude of 7,000 feet. The present is the only record of
its capture since that time. A female specimen taken also at Soda
Springs, at an altitude of 5,000 feet, on flowers near the water, in August,
shows the following differences from the male, which have never been
described : The second segment of the abdomen has the black as wide
on the posterior margin as on the anterior ; the posterior margin black,
third segment mostly shining black, with sides broadly yellow, with an
anterior spot and narrow posterior margin opaque ; fourth like third,
except no opaque spots ; fifth entirely shining black. The front is black
with yellow pile, and the vertex is black pilose. Otherwise it is exactly
like the male.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. QQ
Eristalis hirtus, Loew.
This is a very widely-distributed and common species all over the
West. It has been taken at four different localities in Colorado, as well
‘as New Mexico. The collection here contains numerous specimens
taken at Custer, South Dakota.
Eristalis flavipes, Walker.
There are two specimens of this species in the collection of the
University. One of them, a male, captured at Lincoln, Nebr., is a
typical form; another, a male, captured near Lake Winnipeg, on the
Saskatchewan River, in Canada, by Prof Bruner, in September, is Loew’s
£. melanostomus, or, as it is now considered, Zristalis flavipes, var.
melanostomus, Loew.
It is worthy of note that this species is predaceous, quite anomalously
among the Syrphide. The latter of the two specimens just mentioned
was captured sucking the substance of a small grasshopper, Chloéadtis
curtipennis, which it held in its grasp after the manner of many of the
Asilide.
Pteroptila cincta, Drury.
Two males and one female from Jamaica, W. I., have the abdornen
and scutellum entirely of a strong reddish colour. The hypopygium
is large and shining red. Collected at Portland, Jamaica, by C. W.
Johnson, of Philadelphia.
Mallota cimbiciformis, Fall.
There is a specimen in the collection of the University taken at
Milford, Nebr., in June.
There is another specimen that is very difficult to place. It was
taken in War Bonnet Canyon, Sioux County, Nebr. Williston has
described a species, WZ. Sackeni, that differs from cimbiciformis only
in having the eyes separated in the male, and the wings marked with a
distinct brown spot. ‘There is perhaps also this difference, viz., that in
Sackeni the marginal cell is closed in the margin, while in cémbdiciformis
it is distinctly open. Williston states, in litt., in reply to a letter in which
I expressed some doubt as to the right of 17. Sackeni to stand as a species :
“The question of the ‘art recht’ of JZ. Sackeni is doubtful. I found
specimens, however, from Mexico agreeing perfectly with the type speci-
men (a note of which I made in the Biol. Central Amer.), and thus con-
tinued the name. It is not at all improbable that the species runs into
the older species, and that the name can only be used with a varietal
meaning.”
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The specimen above mentioned has the eyes distinctly separated, and
would hence fall into JZ. Sacken?. But the wings are not more distinctly
marked than in JZ, cimbiciformis, the marginal cell is distinctly open, and
the last segment of the abdomen is covered with long erect yellow pile,
while in Sackenz the abdomen is entirely black pilose. These points
together would seem to make it distinct from that species, although the
very strong character of the eyes being separated would make it that. It
differs from ail the forms of JZ. cimbiciformis in the above-mentioned
pilosity of the abdomen, and in the separation of the eyes. I have con-
sulted almost a dozen different descriptions of JZ. cimbiciformis, which it
is more than probable represent all of the different variations, and
invariably the abdomen is described as entirely black pilose, except the
first segment. There is a further difference in the form of the face below.
After thus stating the case, and exercising all the care that should be
exercised in erecting a new species in a genus where the synonymy is
already immensely complex, I feel justified in describing the specimen as
new.
Mallota facialis, n. sp.
Male.—Antennez obscurely reddish, shining except the third joint,
arista yellow. Wide facial stripe and cheeks shining. Face white pubes-
cent and pilose, strongly projecting below, so that a line from the tip of
the tubercle to the tip of the epistoma would have a distinct outward
slant ; the epistoma projects distinctly further than the antenne [the out-
line of the face is quite different in the other species of this genus |.
Eyes bare, very narrowly separated. Pile of thorax and scutellum bright
yellow. Thorax black, scutellum translucent. First segment of the
abdomen but little shining, whitish pilose ; second and third segments
shining, and everywhere covered with short, stiff black hairs; fourth
shining bronzy, everywhere covered with abundant long, bright yellow
pile. Legs black, all the tarsi, and tips of femora strongly and fore and
middle tibize entirely and basal half of posterior tibiae weakly reddish.
Posterior tibize without spur. Wings very slightly marked with brown at
the separation of the second and third veins.
One specimen [War Bonnet Canyon, in extreme North-western
Nebraska.
Xylota analis, Will.
There are known specimens of this species as follows: In the U.S.
National Museum, one male from Cala. [Baron], and two females from
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101
New Mexico [Gaumer], which form the types of the species; in the
collection of the Kansas University, two males from the Magdalena
Mountains, in New Mexico [Snow]; and in the collection of the Uni-
versity of Nebraska, one male, taken in War Bonnet Canyon in the
extreme north-western part of Nebraska. This last specimen agrees
exactly with Williston’s description except that the antennz are entirely
red. ;
Xylota flavitibia, Bigot.
This species has been recorded from Colorado, by Williston, and
from Colorado and New Mexico, by Snow. The collection of the University
contains one male specimen taken in War Bonnet Canyon, Nebraska.
NXylota fraudulosa, Loew.
The collection of the University of Nebraska contains numerous
specimens taken near Milford, Neb., in June, on the flowers of Prunus
americanus. It has also been recorded from several localities in the
East, and from Illinois, Wisconsin, and Washington, in the West.
Xylota augustiventris, Loew.
This species has been recorded from New York, Penn., and IIl., but
not hitherto west of the Mississippi River. A single male specimen from
War Bonnet Canyon, in extreme North-western Nebraska, has the wings
hyaline, the third segment of the abdomen shining, except a very broad
posterior band which projects almost to the anterior margin. The fourth
segment is entirely shining.
Xylota obscura, Loew.
There is in the collection of the University of Nebraska, one
female specimen taken in War Bonnet Canyon, Nebr. This species has
been recorded from Oregon, California, and the Red River of the North.
The description applies exactly.
Spilomyta guadrifasciata, Say.
One female specimen taken at Lincoln, Nebr., in September, by the
writer. With the exception of the record of several specimens in Eastern
Kansas, by Snow, this species has not been recorded outside of some of
the extreme Eastern States. This specimen was taken on the flowers of
Aster multifiorus.
Sphecomyia vittata, Wied.
In the University collection there are two specimens, one from
Belmont, Nebr., and the other from War Bonnet, thirty miles distant.
This species has been recorded from the Eastern and Southern States,
and Minnesota and Colorado, in this country, as well as from localities in
Northern Europe and Siberia.
102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
PIERIS RAPA! AND AGRAULIS VANILLA.
BY W. G. WRIGHT, SAN BERNARDINO, CALIFORNIA.
P. Rape, the introduced ‘‘ European cabbage butterfly,” on its
westward march across this Centinent, was first taken in Nebraska on
August 3, 1881. (See Can. Ent., 1882, 39.) In May, 1883, I took one
male in Southern California. At that time I did not know its name, but
I spread it and placed it in my cabinet as unknown. Ina few years an
Eastern Entomologist called on me, and at once identified it as P. Rape.
It was yet other years before I saw another specimen in flight, though
collecting diligently every season. About 18g0 or’gt other specimens
were observed, and thereafter every year brought them in rapidly increas-
ing numbers, till now they are extremely abundant, flying early and late
in the day, and early and late in the spring and fall, and at times, as in
cold or cloudy weather, when only a very few of the native species can
fly, indicating that it is more hardy than the native species, and that it
will eventually dominate. As might be expected, the larve feed in good
part on cabbage plants, but yet they are not at all dainty or particular as
to food, and many other plants are used. Last year I raised some fine
specimens from eggs laid on leaves of common nasturtiums, in the garden,
and wholly fed upon those leaves.
The native Pierids, P. Protodice, P. Beckeri, and P. Sisymbri, do
not oviposit on any cultivated plant so far as I know, preferring wild
plants, while Rape apparently prefers cultivated ones. Evidently Rape
will in a few years become a great pest. Already they fly in numbers
everywhere, but especially about the Chinese vegetable gardens, and the
flower gardens and dooryards of the towns.
Another introduced butterfly is that beauty from the Southern States,
Agraulis Vanille. This species came into California over the Southern
Pacific Railroad soon after trains ran through from Louisiana, or say in
1885. 1 well remember the first ones I ever saw. There were two of
them ina front dooryard feeding on the flowers, and I was in a buggy
driving along the street ; but my net was handy, and I instantly went in
pursuit of the red beauties, capturing them both as a first move, and
explaining to the surprised people of the house afterward. Now Vanille
is everywhere in evidence, and its larve are so abundant that large old
passion vines are sometimes wholly denuded of leaves by them. Vanille
is also extremely hardy and vigorous, flying, like Rapz, at unfavourable
times and seasons, as if bent on conquest. Still, it has not increased so
rapidly during the last few years as has Rape.
These two species are the only ones as yet brought into the State
from the East.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103
ON THE POSITION OF THE GENUS DEMAS.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK.
In the March number of the Can. Ent., pp. 81-82, Mr. Tutt falls
back upon the writings of Dr. Chapman to support his position for this
genus as among the Liparide*. As Mr. Tutt has thus gracefully retired
from the discussion without making a direct answer to my facts, I can
only, in reply, briefly notice Dr. Chapman’s position.
In the egg of Demas, Dr. Chapman, on a matter of detail, seems to
imply an absence of relation with the Apatelide ; but the fact remains
that the egg is vertically ribbed as in the Noctuide, Apatelide, and
Thyatiridz, which I take to be the essential character. The Lymantriide,
which belong to the Notodontian-Lasiocampid series have smooth, or
obscurely reticulated eggs, the vertical lines having no tendency to
become prominent.
Inthe young larva, Dr. Chapman has not discovered the peculiar
arrangement of the warts, on which I lay special stress. He would aliy
Demas to Liparis on “the abundance of hairs and their length, the
character of the tubercles, the anterior trapezoidal being more important
than the posterior and the colouring.” The hairs and colouring may be
dismissed at once, as they are notoriously adaptive and variable charac-
ters. The statement about the tubercies is surprising. While it is
correct of Demas as figured, the reverse is strikingly the case in many
Lymantriids. The anterior trapezoidal (tubercle i.) in this group have
a marked tendency to disappear, and I can only suppose that Dr. Chap-
man has made some mistake. His own figure of Dasychira pudibunda
(pl. ix., fig. 8) shows the anterior trapezoidals clearly the smaller. The
structure in Demas really tells in favour of my view.
In the second skin, Dr. Chapman describes a medio-dorsal depres-
sion on joints 5 to 11 and 12 ‘‘in the position of a peculiar organ in
various Liparids.” I see no good reason for the inference that these are
the homologues of the dorsal eversible glands of the Lymantriide. In
the first place they seem not to have any indication of the strifcture of
such glands, and in the second place they are not homologous in position.
In the Lymantriide, the glands occur on the roth and 11th segments
only ; when others appear on the anterior abdominal segments, as in
Stilpnotia salicis and Lymantria dispar, they are paired, not single.
*The name Lymantriide, as this family ‘‘appears to be called by American
authors,” was adopted by me from Mr. G, F. Hampson’s Moths of India.
104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Dr. Chapman then remarks that in the further skin the larva has a
more Liparid-like general appearance. The ‘‘ appearance” is to me,
however, not Liparid, but Arctian. When I first saw the larva, years
ago, I took it for Hadlistdota Harris:i, till I noticed the different arrange-
ment of the hair-pencils.
Next, he states that the habit of living between spun leaves is not
that of an Acronycta. It is, however, decidedly so of our Charadra
deridens, one of the Apatelidz. But if Demas stood alone in this respect
it would form no valid argument to remove it from the Apatelide, so
slight and little specialized is the habit, evidently a recent adaptation.
As concerns the pupa, I do not pretend to be so conversant with the.
subject as Dr. Chapman is, and therefore his positive statement that
“the pupa of D. coryéi is not that of a Noctua” is entitled to consider-
ation. However, I do not find the statement in “The genus Acronycta
and its allies,” a little book containing reprints of these articles, kindly
sent me by Dr. Chapman, nor do I notice the positive characters which
would lead to suchaconclusion. Indeed, Dr. Chapman admits that
“ the character of the anal armature has some resemblance to various
Noctua forms.” But, indeed, suppose that the pupa be really ‘‘ not that
of a Noctua,” the fact could only be applied to this discussion if it were
shown that the pupe of the other Apatelida were true Noctue pupe,
since it is equally true that the larva of Demas is ‘‘not that of a Noctua”;
but neither are those of any other Apatelide. Now, Dr. Chapman says,
speaking of the pupe of the genus Apatela: ‘‘ The pupa is less charac-
teristic |than the larva]; it serves rather to divide the genus
than to define the group as a whole. The pupa of the rwmzcis group is
very characteristic and rather bombyciform in its aspect. The others are
more of an ordinary Noctua pattern, but present features that separate
them from other families. This is a somewhat rash statement to make,
since I must confess my knowledge of Noctuz pupe is of a rather super-
ficial character.”
These are all the points which I can gather from Dr. Chapman’s
account, and I do not think that they go far to refute my position,
drawn from positive structural characters in the larva. Indeed, I should
not feel called upon to criticise Dr. Chapman’s interesting and valuable
papers, except to examine the grounds of Mr. Tutt’s position.
+
box.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105
SOME ARGYNNIDS OF PARK CITY, UTAH.
(Elevation, 7,000 feet.)
BY ARTHUR J. SNYDER, EVANSTON, ILL.
Any time before the middle of June, entomological studies in the
mountains are apt to be interrupted by snowfalls; but from that time
to September, one will seldom find a better or more interesting place for
study. The climate is delightful, and though the common opinion is that
no rain falls upon the great plateau, here as elsewhere, suppositions are
not facts.
My brief experiences (covering portions of two summers) would
indicate that Utah receives as much rain during July and August as the
State of Illinois. During the latter month, in 1893, there were frequent
showers, and at least two heavy rains. In July, 1895, we experienced
a very rainy day, and several showers. Nevertheless, at times it becomes
so dry on the mountains that one must seek the low, irrigated meadows to
find butterflies abundant.
The genus Argynnis is well represented in the West and North-west.
From low lands to an elevation of 9,000 feet one finds many represent-
atives.
The most striking species, as to colour and size, which I have found
there is A. Zeto. This insect must be seen alive to be fully appreciated.
Whether seen on the wing, or resting on a thistle blossom, it is a prize
well worth the collector’s attention. It appears in Utah (Park City) early
in July, and its numbers gradually increase, until in August it may be
called almost common. As is so frequently the case, the males appear
first, and were found in the ratio of ten to one as compared with the
females.
Mr. Maynard says Zefo is found in California, Nevada, Oregon,
Washington, and Montana. It has been my good fortune to capture it in
Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming. I do not know how far East it has been
taken, but my friend, Mr. William S. Bates, took several specimens of a
female Argynnis, which I am satisfied are Zefo, in Michigan during the
past summer, and I have heard that it has been taken in Minnesota. I
have never read that the female of Zeto is dimorphic, but would not be
surprised to learn that it is, or that Zeto and Cyde/e are, or were at some
time not far distant, one and the same species.
It is not difficult to secure eggs of Zefo, and were it not for the fact
that the larve hibernate, there would be no difficulty in rearing the
106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
species. I believe Mr. W. H. Edwards has done so. Females confined
over fresh violets oviposited readily, and in 1893 a number of larve were
brought to Illinois, and subjected to ‘the cold-storage process” for the
winter. In the spring, however, they failed to awaken from their lethargic
condition.
A. eurynome was very common on low lands near Park City. At
least 600 were taken in 1893. In one open meadow covered with flowers
there were thousands of this species. Two forms or varieties were found,
the ordinary one with silvered spots below, and a variety with all the
spots below yellow. The ratio was about one yellow form to twenty-five
of the silvered. A remarkable fact was noted. A silvered ? and a
yellow ¢ were taken in co/tu; a yellow 9 and a silvered ¢; a silvered
? anda silvered ¢, and also a yellow 9 andayellow ¢. I am fositive
of all the statements except the last concerning the yellow @ and yellow ¢.
We know that peculiar specimens are sometimes the result of
hybridism. Melanism may result from cold, drought, etc., and almost
everyone has seen “sports” in the insect world.
I await with interest the results of future study concerning these
subjects. It is commonly asserted that hybrids are never fertile. Is this
known to be true?
A. myrina was abundant in the meadow mentioned above, but I do
not remember having seen it elsewhere in Utah.
A. epithore was found on low ground flitting among the leaves of
a large canna-like plant. One specimen also was taken beside a small
mountain stream. »
A. kremhild was taken in the same locality.
A. egleis was taken on a hillside near town, in an open spot, where
the sun’s rays seemed to linger at eventide, but near the underbrush where
it was easy to escape among the scrub oaks and sage bushes. In its
habits it much resembles A. coronis.
A. coronis was rare at Park City, but more common in the mountains,
near Salt Lake City and Ogden.
A. Nevadensis and A. Meadii were also rare at Park City, but more
abundant near Salt Lake. In habits they were quite unlike coronzs and eg/eis,
always being found on the flowers or else crossing swiftly to some place
where flowers were more numerous, never dropping to the ground and
flitting below the sage bushes, but seeking escape in swift flight. They
also seemed to prefer lower ground,—the valleys instead of the hillsides,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘ 107
A. montivaga.—One specimen taken.
A. Edwardsii.—Only one specimen taken.
A. liliana.—Only one specimen taken. Mr. W. H. Edwards says
that the A. coronts and A. nevadensis taken in Utah are larger than
ordinary. ‘To my mind the A. coronis taken in Utah are unlike those
taken in Colorado, both as to size and colour, but I have seen very few
of the Colorado specimens.
In my collection are a number of Argynnis which seem to be
unnamed. e
For identification of specimens I am indebted to Prof. G. H.
French, Dr. Henry Skinner, and Mr. W. H. Edwards.
My studies of this group lead me to believe that it sadly needs
revision ; that when it is studied carefully by someone who has facilities
for comparing all the species and varieties described, many so-called
species will prove to be synonymous; that when all the species have
been bred and the stages studied, some surprising truths will be unearthed.
With a collection containing thirty-five species (?) and several
varieties (?), I am willing, for the present at least, to say “don’t know ”
to many things concerning the genus. I am anxious to find out some-
thing and contribute my mite towards unravelling the remarkable tangle.
LUNA EGGS—A CORRECTION.
Mr. Dyar kindly points out that the eggs mentioned by me on page
79 of the March number are not those of Actias Luna, as stated, but are
those of TZe/ea FPolyphemus. He adds that “Luna eggs are quite
different, being almost entirely black, and laid in little clusters on the
twig, not on the leaf.” Not having bred these moths from the egg, I had
to rely on such descriptions as were at hand. Rogers [Can. Ent., VIL.,
199| describes the eggs of Luna as “dark brown or chocolate colour,
flattened at the sides, smooth, and about .o5 of an inch in length; the
sides were of a lighter shade.” Saunders [Sixth Ann. Report, 41] says of
Polyphemus: ‘‘ The egg is about one-tenth of an inch in diameter,
convex above and below, with the convex portions whitish and the nearly
cylindrical sides brown,” Minot [Can. Enr., II., 27] also describes Luna
eggs as very dark sepia, although some were almost entirely white. My
eggs appeared to me to answer better to the description of those of Luna,
and as the difference in method of attachment to food-plant was not
given, I came to the conclusion that they were those of Luna, as the
moth is usually abundant in the grove of hickories where the eggs were
obtained, W. Hacue HarrINGTON,
108 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A CANADIAN TRIGONALYS.
BY W. H. HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA.
Trigonalys Canadensis, . sp.
Male.—Length, 10.5 mm. Black with yellowish markings. Head.
transverse, as wide as thorax, about twice as wide as long when viewed
from above; face above the antennex, and vertex, polished, impunctate, ’
without apparent sutures and with sparse blackish pubescence; the cheeks
and under surface with pubescence more dense ; clypeus polished ; palpi
slender ; antennz as long as head and thorax, rather stout, eighteen-
jointed, segments subequal ; eyes small but prominent ; ocelli small, in a
triangle on a line with the posterior margins of the eyes. Thorax rugose
with coarse, irregular punctures, those of the pleura and pectus smaller
and more numerous ; posterior angles of prothorax yellow; legs rather
slender, coxa and femora black, remainder yellow, the tips of tibize and
tarsi somewhat dusky ; wings subhyaline, with dark stain covering
marginal cell and extending slightly beyond each end of it, stigma and
costal nervures black, remaining nervures reddish, second and third sub-
marginal cells subequal ; scutellum. abruptly rounded posteriorly, post-
scutellum yellow, prominent, subpyramidal, notched at apex, in suture on
each side several deep shining fovez ; metathorax very short and rounded
at sides, without prominent angles, a small yellow spot on each side.
Abdomen polished, impunctate, apparently with six segments ; second
segment as long as all the following and with a yellow central band, or
elongated spot on each side ; a yellowish spot at lateral base of segments
3 and 4, very faint on the latter; venter slightly pubescent, with double
row of yellow spots on segments 1 to 5, largest on 2nd.
This is the first record of the occurrence of any member of the.
family Trigonalide in Canada, and I am indebted for the privilege of.
describing the specimen to Mr. Fletcher, who received it in Sept., 1893,:
from Mr. Wilkinson, of Victoria, B.C. It was taken from the cell of a
wasp (probably Vespa occidentalis) which had built on his verandah, and
he had observed that the wasps were rapidly decreasing in numbers,
apparently from the presence of this parasite, and of a smaller species of
hymenopteron, of which, unfortunately, no specimens appear to have
been preserved.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109
ITHYCERUS NOVEBORACENSIS, FORST.
In former years I had found this beetle, the iargest and most con-
spicuous weevil of our fauna, to occur only upon beeches, as noted in my
sketch of the Rhyncophora, in Eleventh Annual Report. Such, also, was
Mr. Chittenden’s record [Ent. Am., Vol. VI., 168]. Its infestation of the
twigs of oak had been recorded by Riley, who described the larva.
Its occurrence upon hickory is noted by Mr. Beutenmuller [Can. Enr.,
XXII., 201], and it is known as injurious to apple and other fruit trees.
On June gth, 1895, I observed a pair in coztu upon the trunk of a hickory
(Carya amara), where there were no beech trees near by, and on care-
fully examining other hickories in the immediate vicinity I found five
more pairs. Two or three days later I examined the same trees and
could not detect a single beetle, nor did I find any on subsequent
examinations. ‘This shows that missing the exact date for such an insect
might lead to its escaping observation entirely, as those trees had been
examined in former years. W. Hacue HarrincTon,
A CORRECTION.
For the new genus of Megalopvgidz, Arachycodion, described in the
last volume of Can. Env., read Azdos, Hubn. The genus is not in Kirby’s
Catalogue, and I thus came to overlook it. The following is the
synonymy :—
Genus Arpos, Hiibner.
1818. Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 191, No. 1962, Brachycodion,
Dyar.
1895. Dyar, Can. Ent., XXVII., 244.
Type A. amanda, Stoll.
I must apologize for this synonym by hastening to correct it.
Harrison G. Dyar.
Through the kind consideration of Mr. A. R. Grote, the Society has
been put in possession of his paper on the Apatelidz, noticed by Dr. H..G.
Dyar, in Can. Ent., Vol. XXVIII, p. 86; also, the original photographs of
the plates, beautifully executed, and greatly admired by all who see them.
The form and ornamentation are displayed with remarkable life-like
-distinctness, even to the tubercles and rounded bodies of the larve, which
are somewhat lost on the plates, but well defined in the photos, testifying
to the great advance that has been made in this method of illustrating
entomology since Mr. Grote first adopted it twenty years ago.
J. ALston Morrat,
x
110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES ON NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA HYMENOPTERA.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.
With the exception of some undetermined gallflies and parasites,
the following list of 86 species contains all the Hymenoptera collected
(and bred) by the author, in the South-west, of which it has proved pos-
sible to get the names, except four mentioned in Can. EnT., 1892, p. 200.
The gallflies and parasites above referred to will be recorded in some
papers to be published in the future. The cottonwood, Blennocampa,
mentioned in Can. EnT., 1893, p. 304, and in Zoe, ill., pp. 234-236,
should also be included in the above exception.
As the list is not large, the species are arranged alphabetically. The
fact that I have not been abie to refer to Cresson’s catalogue explains
this, as it does the absence in most cases of the authorities for the species.
In the four cases where the query and asterisk occur, two species got
mixed under one number in sending for identification to Ent. ews, so
that it is uncertain to which the locality and notes belong.
Agapostemon melliventris, Cr.—iLa Vega de San José, Valencia Co.,N.
Mex., August 4. One. A small, elongate species, with head and thorax
entirely vivid Paris-green colour. Abdomen, legs, and antennz yellow,
the hind borders of segments brown. Det., Fox.
Allantus unicinctus, Nort.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 14.
Seven specimens. Det., Fox. .
Andrena, sp.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. One ¢. A moderately small,
elongate, entirely black species. Wings slightly fuscous. Det., Fox.
Andrena, sp.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. One ¢. Clypeus white. A
small, elongate species. black; thorax and head whitish pubescent.
Wings slightly smoky. Det., Fox.
Anthidium, sp.—Las Cruces, N. Mex., May 17. One gf. A mod-
erately small species with clear wings. Thorax with yellow border,
except in front, and two delicate yellow vitte. Abdomen black, with
yellow hind border to each segment. Det., Fox.
Anthidium, sp. near mormonum.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. One A
small form, with wings clear. Abdomen black, with irregular yellow hind
borders to segments, interrupted in middle on six segments. Det., Fox.
Anthidium interruptum, Say.—Chaves, N. Mex., August 6. Three.
Las Cruces, N. Mex. One. Det., Fox. i
Anthophora, sp.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 14. One speci-
men. A grayish pilose bee, larger than Alegachile relativa 3 , and with
the abdominal bands of pile gray. Det., Fox.
tad
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111
_ Anthophora, sp., probably n. sp.—Chaves, Valencia County (near
Los Lunas), N. Mex., August 6. One ¢. A species of moderate size,
fulvous pilose, including first abdominal segment, rest of abdomen black
with white or yellow hind borders to segments. Wingsclear. Det., Fox.
Anthophora, n. sp.—La Vega de San José, N. Mex., August 4.
One ¢. Wholly yellowish, whitish pilose, with clear wings. A rather
large species. Det., Fox. (?) *
Anthophora maculifrons ?—Las Cruces, N. Mex. One ¢. Small
species, grayish cinereous pilose all over, only front border of abdominal
segments 1 to 3 showing black. Pile on abdomen very short. Wings
clear. Det., Fox.
Anthophora montana, Cr.—La Vega de S. José, N. Mex., August 4.
Two specimens. Det., Fox.
Anthophora occidentalis, Cr.,4.—La Vega de S. José, N. Mex., Aug. 4.
One ¢. Wholly yellowish, whitish pilose, with clear wings. A rather
large species. Det., Fox. (?) *
Anthophora Wailshii, Cr.,g.—La Vega de San José, N. Mex., Aug. 4.
One. Clypeus white. Six abdominal segments with white hind margins.
Det., Fox.
Braconid.—Grand Canyon, Arizona; Hance trail, July rrth. One
specimen. A bright red species, with wings fuscous or black. Det., Fox.
Calliopsis, sp.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Two. Det., Fox.
Ceceris (sic Cerceris?) venator, Cr.—Chaves (near Los Lunas), N.
Mex., August 6. One. Very like Zucerceris, sp., but basal abdominal
segment smaller and black. Det., Riley.
Centris, sp. 2 (2 of /anosa ?).—Las Cruces, N. Mex. One. Det.,
Fox.
Cerceris bicornuta, Say.—La Vega de San José, N. Mex, August 4.
Two. Det., Riley.
Chalybion ceruleum, L.—La Vega de San José, N. Mex., August 4.
One. A small bluish-black wasp, a common species in the Eastern U.S.
Det., Riley.
Chelonus sériceus, Say.—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. Mex., Aug. 2.
One. A blackish saw-fly (?). Det., Riley.
Chlorion occultus—La Vega de San José, N. Mex., Aug. 4. One
specimen. El Rito, N. Mex., Aug. 5. One specimen. Det., Fox.
Crabro, sp.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 14. One. A black,
shining hornet, with abdomen banded with yellow, but no yellow on
scutellum. Det., Fox.
112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Crabro, sp., near Packardi.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 14.
One. A black hornet, of narrowed form. Abdomen banded with yellow,
legs yellow. Det., Fox.
Crabro delectus, Cr., &.—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. Mex.,
Aug. 2. One. A small black and deep yellow hornet. ‘It was infested
with two dozen small rufous mites on dorsum of base of abdomen.
Det., Riley. :
Crabro minimus, Pk.—lLas Cruces, N. Mex. Name com. by Prof.
Cockerell. _Det., Fox.
Cryptus, sp. aff. americanus.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 14.
One specimen. A good-sized black ichneumonid with red abdomen.
Det., Hox: (7)-*
Cryptus callipterus, Say, g 9?.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. An ichneu-
monid. Two females and two males. One of the males is considerably
smaller and more slender, and generally darker. Det., Riley.
Cryptus proximus, Cr.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 4 and 14.
Two specimens. Det., Fox.
[TO BE CONTINUED. |
BOOK NOTICES.
*“ Handbuch der palaarktischen Gross-Schmetterlinge fur Forcher und
Sammler.” by Dr. M. Standfuss, Jena, 1896 (Verlag von Gustav |
Fisher).
This is a second edition of the ‘“ Handbuch fiir Sammler der
europaischen Gross -Schmetterlinge” rearranged and enlarged by the
addition of certain studies in the theory of descent; 392 pages, and
eight coloured lithographic plates.
The author gives an extensive account of the methods of collecting,
of breeding larvee, pairing of imagoes, both of the same and of different
species, etc., interspersed with interesting philosophical remarks. As the
preface says, “this book unites in itself two objects: lepidopterological
practice and scientific - zoological speculation.” The special case of
hybridization recounted in detail, on pages 66 to 107, represents a
wery neat piece of work. The author shows, by considerations of the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113
égg, larva, pupa, and imago, that the three Saturnias, sf777, pavonia and
pyri, differ in degree of specialization ; that they are phylogenetically of
different ages, sfinz being the oldest, or least specialized, and pyri the
youngest form. The hybrid larve between the first two and last two are
figured adjacent to the normal forms, and the greater resemblance of the
bybrid to the more generalized form in each case is striking, thus neatly
confirming the conclusions already reached, and all on the lines laid
down by Weismann.
Our author also gives an account of experiments on the effects of
different temperatures on hibernating larve and pupe, with figures of
some of the forms of imago produced. There is an account of varia-
tion, seasonal dimorphism, local forms, etc., discussed from the most
recent scientific standpoint. The book contains much of interest which
it is unfortunate that we are not able to enjoy more easily in an English
edition. Harrison G. Dyar.
British Morus, by J. W. Tutt. London: George Routledge & Sons:
Pp. 365.
The young collector in the British Isles will no doubt welcome this
manual, which will not only help him to name any specimen that he may
coliect, but give him also much information regarding the habits of the
moth in its preparatory as well as perfect stages. It is written in the
author’s well-known pleasant and readable style, and is not merely a dry
handbook. ‘There are twelve coloured plates and over sixty wood-cuts,
illustrating the majority of the families. There are also a number of
tables, giving the times of year when the species may be looked for in the
egg, larval, pupal, and perfect states ; the food-plant of the larva; the
location of the pupa; and notes on the variety or abundance of the moth.
It would have added much, we think, to the handiness of the book if it
had contained comparative tables of genera and species as well.
RANDOM RECOLLECTIONS OF WOODLAND, FEN, AND HILL, by J. W. Tutt.,
F. E. S. London: George Gill & Sons. Pp. 256. [2s. 6d.]
We are glad to see that a second edition of this delightful little book
on outdoor natural history has been called for. In this new issue the
matter has been, to some extent, rearranged and revised, and its attrac-
tiveness has been much enhanced by a pretty cover and over a hundred
excellent illustrations. Though it deals with ‘‘ Old Country” scenes,
and the insects, birds, and plants that frequent them, it can be read with
great interest by any lover of nature in any part of the world.
114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST,
REPORT OF OBSERVATIONS OF INJURIOUS INSECTS AND COMMON FARM
PESTS DURING THE YEAR 1895, WITH METHODS OF PREVENTION
anD Remepy. Nineteenth Report, by Eleanor A. Ormerod, F.
R. Met. Soc., etc.
This splendid report fully sustains the high standard of excellence
which has characterized Miss Ormerod’s previous publications. The
preface shows that the unusual and prolonged low temperature of the
winter of 1894-95 had apparently but little affected the insects which it
might be supposed to destroy.
The following pests are treated of in separate chapters: Apple,
Smerinthus ocellatus ; bean, Bruchus rufimanus and B. fabe; cabbage,
Ceutorhynchus sulcicollis; corn and grass, Chareas graminis, Cetonia
aurata, Phyllopertha horticola, Melolontha vulgaris, Rhizotrogus
solstitialis, Tipula maculosa and Oscinis frit; gooseberry, Bryobia
pretiosa, B. ribis and Nematus ribesii; mangolds, Aphis rumicis,
Silpha opaca and Atomarita linearis; orchard caterpillars, Cheimatobia
brumata; pine, Astynomus adilis and Retinia buoliana,; plum, Scolytus
rugulosus ; strawberry, Harpalus ruficornis, Pterostichus madidus and
F. vulgaris; turmp, Helophorus rugosus.
The ravages of the bean weevil appear to have been serious, and
those of the ground beetles, upon strawberry, have been more extensive -
than in previous years. Ninety-three pages are occupied with the discus-
sion of the above mentioned insects, while fifty are allotted to “ Flies
injurious to horses, cattle,” etc. These chapters are exceedingly interest-
ing, and several species of Hippoboscide, Tabanidz, and (Estride, which
are very annoying and injurious to domestic animals, are fully and clearly
discussed. In connection with the account of the attacks of the Forest
Fly, Hippobosca eqguina, are given two magnificent plates showing upper
and side views of the foot of this fly, the tarsi of which are so modified
as to enable it to secure a most firm grip on the hairs of the animal upon
which it alights. The report concludes with a chapter on Deer and Dog
Ticks, very troublesome mites belonging to the Ixodidz. W. He
Mailed April Ist.
JOBING MM DENTON:
i The Ganadian Hntomolagist :
VoL. XXVIII. LONDON, MAY, 1896.
JOHN M. DENTON.
It is with profound regret that we record the death of our old friend
and highly-esteemed colleague, Mr. John M. Denton, of London,
Ontario, who was one of the early members of the Entomological Society
and always took a very lively interest in its welfare. For some months
he had heen in poor health, owing to an affection of the liver, but was
able to attend his place of business from time to time, and to take part
in the proceedings of our annual meeting in November last, when many
of us saw him for the last time. In January his illness assumed a more
acute form and confined him to the house. On Tuesday, March 24th,
he was seized with paralysis and before midnight passed peacefully away.
Mr. Denton was born in Northampton, England, on the roth of
September, 1829. His father was a farmer by occupation, and he was
consequently brought up in the country amidst rural scenes and learnt
there to love and observe the beauties of nature. At the age of fourteen
he was apprenticed to a woollen draper and tailor, and spent seven years
in thoroughly learning the trade and becoming proficient in all its details.
For a few years he was engaged in business on his own account, and in
1855 married Miss Ann Walker, of Somersetshire, England, who survives
him. He then emigrated to Canada and settled in London, and at once
resumed his occupation as a tailor, having but little to begin upon except
a hopeful heart and a thoroughly practical English training. By patient
industry, unfailing courtesy, and unswerving integrity, he built up by
degrees a most successful business as a merchant tailor, and won the
respect and esteem of the whole community.
Living on a farm in his boyhood and apprenticed at so early an age,
he had but little opportunity of acquiring a literary education, but by
constant application and careful reading he overcame these disadvantages
116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and attained a more than ordinary knowledge of the subjects that inter-
ested him. Foremost among these was Entomology, which he studied
especially in its economic aspects as affecting live stock, fruit trees,
garden and field crops. He became an authority on these topics, and
was frequently called upon to address meetings of farmers and fruit
growers and give them the benefit of his knowledge and experience.
His love of the farm continued throughout his life, and he devoted much
of the time that he could spare from business to the cultivation of a fruit
farm a few miles from London. He was no mean authority upon horses
and cattle and had a considerable knowledge of their diseases and most
satisfactory treatment. He was also an adept with the microscope and
took great delight in searching into the hidden beauties of nature.
When the London branch of the Entomological Society was formed
in July, 1864, he was one of the original members, and took a most
active interest in it and the parent Society to the close of his life. He
was elected Vice-President of the London branch in 1872, and President
in 1878 and several years following. In 1871 he became a member of
the Council of the parent Society and continued to hold office for five
and twenty years; in 1892 he was elected Vice-President, but he would
never allow himself to be nominated for the Presidency, though urged to
do so more than once. He was also an active member of the Ontario
Fruit Growers’ Association and gave much assistance to its work.
He was a man of deep religious feelings and of earnest but unobtru-
sive piety. Though a leader of the Plymouth Brethren, he never in-
truded his views upon those who differed from him. The writer knew
him well fer a great number of years, and during his visits to London
often enjoyed his hospitality, but never did he hear a word fall from his
lips that could wound in the slightest degree the susceptibilities of those
who did not accept the theological opinions that were so dear to him.
He was a good, honest, sterling man whom all respected and whom his
friends loved; kind, charitable, and generous ; courteous in manner,
most hospitable in his home, above reproach in business ; a man who is
a distinct loss to the city in which he lived, and whose death creates a
blank in the hearts of his friends which can never in this life be filled.
To his childless, sorrowing widow we tender our deepest, sincerest
sympathy.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117
CAPTAIN J. GAMBLE GEDDES.
It is our painful duty to record the loss of another active member of
the Entomological Society of Ontario. At two o’clock on Good Friday
morning, April the 3rd, Captain J. Gamble Geddes died after a few days’
illness, brought on by a severe cold. He was born in Montreal in 1850,
and educated there. When a young man he entered the service of the
Molsons Bank and was for some time attached to the office in London.
He at once joined the Society and became an enthusiastic member. In
1874 he was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the London branch ; in 1875,
Vice-President ; in 1876, President. He left London on his appoint-
ment as manager of the agency of Molsons Bank at Millbrook. Here,
living in the country, he devoted most of his leisure time to the collec-
tion and study of insects, applying himself especially to the Lepidoptera.
In 1880 he left the Bank and was appointed Aide-de-Camp and Private
Secretary to the Hon. John Beverley Robinson, during his term of office
as Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. Being fond of society, of handsome
presence and devoted to music, he became a great favourite among the
social circles of Toronto, among whom much of his time was accordingly
spent. He did not, however, abandon the pursuit of Entomology, but
succeeded, by correspondence and exchange, in addition to the captures
of his own net, in forming a large and valuable collection of butterflies
from all parts of the world. This he sold to the Dominion Government,
and it now forms the nucleus of the collection in the Geological Museum
at Ottawa. He made expeditions in 1883 and 1884, to Manitoba and
the Northwest Territories, as far as the Rocky Mountains, in quest of
butterflies, and added much to the knowledge of their geographical
distribution and habits. On several occasions he visited England, and
spent some time in Germany and also in Bermuda. Wherever he went
he made the acquaintance of the leading Entomologists and added to his
stock of knowledge.
His first contribution to this magazine was in 1874, when he wrote
No. 14 of a series of articles on “Some Common Insects ”—‘“ The
118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Common Cockchafer,” C. E., Vol. VL, p. 67. His subsequent papers
were the following :—
‘List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Northwest Territories
and the Rocky Mountains in 1883,” C. E., XV., 221; XVI, 56, 224;
XVII., 120 ; one hundred and twenty-six species were enumerated.
‘‘ Kuptoieta Claudia,” C. E., XVII., 60 (1885).
‘““Notes on Three Small Collections of Diurnal Lepidoptera, made in
1886” |These were made in Newfoundland, the Kamanistiquia River,
Lake Superior, and Hudson Straits], C. E., XVIII., 204.
‘Some Notes on the Genera Colias and Argynnis whilst alive in the
Imago State,” C. E., XIX., 166 and 230 (1887).
‘*Notes for Collectors visiting the Prairies and Rocky Mountains,”
C..E., XXI., 57 (1889).
" Colias: Chione,” CoH, pexetns 0:
He also contributed the following articles to the Annual Reports of
the Society :—
“Some Remarkable Captures in Ontario,” 18th Report, 1877,
page 21.
“On Some of the Collections in England and the German Empire,”
22nd Report, 1891, p. 31.
‘‘Insects Collected in Bermuda during the Winter of 1894,” 25th
Report, 1894, p. 25.
In addition to his love for Entomology, be took a great interest in
Philatelics, and formed a large and valuable collection of postage stamps,
He was an accomplished musician, and usually sang in the choir of the
church that he attended; he was also a member of the Philharmonic
Society of Toronto. He belonged to the Masonic Order, in politics was
a strong Conservative, and in religion a member of the Church of England.
His wife, who was a daughter of the late Edward C. Jones, of Toronto,
died a little more than a year ago. ‘The untimely death of Capt. Geddes
was no doubt hastened by her loss. They have left two little orphan
girls, aged three and five years respectively.
The writer, who knew him intimately from his boyhood, deeply
deplores his loss, and his grief is shared in by a very large circle of
relatives and friends.
Pe ee ee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PAPIRIUS.
BY JUSTUS WATSON FOLSOM, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Papirius vittatus, n. sp.
Younger specimens dark purple above with pearly markings, lavender
or lilac beneath; older ones maroon to almost black above, sides
mottled with several shades of purple and brown. Head free, purple,
with a broad, white transverse band across the front; oral region whitish ;
vertex with a distinct, white, sagittate mark from antennz to prothorax ;
a black ocellus-like speck on the middle of the vertex; a few short
bristles upon vertex and front ; eyes dark, close behind antennz upon a
black patch narrowly surrounded by purple. Antenne longer than the
body, except in largest individuals, segments variable in relative length,
but approximately in the ratio of 1:6:7:1.5 or 1:7:9:2 ; basal segments
stout, as long as broad, brownish, with short, white bristles ; second
brownish at base, purple at middle, pearly apically, hairy distally ; third
purple, hairy, with obscure, whorled subsegments on apical half, broaden-
ing towards apex, penultimate subsegment swollen on one side ; terminal
segment purple, lanceolate in outline with five to seven distinct, whorled
subsegments. Body ovate dorsally with a re-entering angle. Dorsum
dark purple to blackish, with a pattern in pearly white, essentially as
follows: On anterior half of dorsum a median longitudinal purple streak
between two pearly streaks with dentate margins; behind these a
squarish purple spot bounded by pearly and bisected by a short, median
longitudinal, pearly streak; on either side, two short, irregular, pearly
lobes extending obliquely forwards ; next behind on the median line are
one to three roundish purple spots broadly surrounded by pearly white ;
on posterior of abdomen a long, oblique pearly bar directed forwards
from either side of the median line. Largest abdominal segment with a
small, pale tubercle on either side of the middle. Dorsum naked
anteriorly, with short white bristles posteriorly. Anal tubercle with
bristles four times as long, and with a median longitudinal purple bar.
Sides purple to blackish, with conspicuous hazel, chestnut and cinnamon
mottlings. Thorax with a broad, lateral, longitudinal pearly band, some-
times replaced by one to four bright white spots. Sides of abdomen
with two to five large, conspicuous, pure white spots, widely separated.
Ventral surface lilac or lavender. Ventral filaments extensible to the
length of the antenne. Legs long, purple and yellow ; tibia with broad
alternate bands of dark violet and wax-yellow, white bristly. Claws
120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
white ; superior claw long, tapering, rather straight, six toothed ; inner
edge with two prominent teeth at about equal intervals ; two more on
both sides near the outer edge, dividing it into thirds ; inferior claw half
as long as the other, straight, tapering, bearing subapically a slender
bristle longer than the claw, also a tooth upon a swelling on the inner
edge near the base. Furcula almost reaching the head ; manubrium
stout, purple; dentes twice as long, slender, pale lilac, each with long
white bristles on either side, and a single, extra long ventral, subapical
bristle ; mucrones white, less than one-third the dentes, narrowly elliptical,
ventral concavity shallow, with distinctly serrate edges, apex clearly
emarginate, having a median, rounded quadrate notch between two
rounded teeth.
Maximum length, 3.3 mm. Described from over fifty specimens.
This species was found abundantly in February and March of this
year, in a greenhouse at Cambridge, Mass., upon wet, decaying wood, and
upon the outside of alga-coated flowerpots, especially in warm, moist
and shaded situations.
P. vittatus is closely allied to P. marmoratus, Pack. I have
examined the types of the latter species which have shrivelled and lost
colour, yet show distinct, structural differences from P. vittatus, especially
in the claws and mucrones. / marmoratus has a longer, oblong
mucro, not emarginate, but terminating in a distinct, rounded lobe ; the
distal spines of the dentes are clearly barbellate; claws shorter and
stouter ; the superior claw has four teeth much more obscure than the
six of vittatus: an evident tooth on the middle of the inside, a second,
obscure, midway towards the apex, and a pair of small lateral teeth near
the outer edge, one-third from the apex; the inferior claw has a short,
apical bristle, and is less dilated basally than in P. vittatus.
This species is easily recognized by the broad white head band, the
sagittate mark, the three median dorsal streaks, and the brilliant white
spots on the sides of the abdomen.
Papirius opalinus, n. sp.
General colour orange-rufous or ferruginous. Head, first two
antennal segments, anal tubercle, and legs pale orange-ochraceous.
Head with a few short bristles on front; vertex almost naked, swollen
dorsally ; eye spots black, often quadrate. Antennz shorter than the
body, from three-quarters to one-half as long, according to age; basal
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121
segment twice as long as broad, naked; second three or four times as
long, knotty, hairy towards apex; third purple, four or five times the
basal, knotted, hairy except basally, obliquely dilated but squarely
articulated at apex; terminal segment purple, half again the basal,
lanceolate, moderately long, white, hairy. Body regular, elongate-oval in
dorsal outline ; anterior dorsum naked, translucent orange-ochraceous
with a broad and long median shading of green due to chlorophyll in
the stomach (lateral, convulsive movements of which are easily observ-
able in living specimens); posterior dorsum and sides orange-rufous to
dark ferruginous, often with a tinge of maroon, the general colour being
due to the combined effect of minute orange-ochraceous and ferruginous
mottlings ; posterior dorsum with short white bristles upon minute,
round, orange-ochraceous spots ; anal tubercle hardly visible from above,
bristly. Ventral surface pale yellow, with three pairs of smooth, buff-yellow
tubercles: a small, rounded tubercle on either side the manubrium ; a
large, oval, oblique one either side the middle ; a narrow, oblique pair
anterior to these ; ventral tube pale orange-ochraceous, transparent, buff-
yellow inside at base; tube plus protruded filaments one-fourth longer
than the antenne. Legs slender ; femur with sparse, short bristles ; tibia
paler distally, stout spiny at moderate intervals ; claws white, very stout ;
superior claw of almost uniform width, little curved towards the
mucronate apex, six toothed: inner edge with a tooth at the middle, and
another midway between it and the apex; two pairs of lateral teeth,
similarly placed near the outer edge ; inferior claw two-thirds as long as
the other, long triangular, tipped with a short bristle from a stout,
straight midrib ; inner edge sinuate or straight, with a short bristle one-
third from base. Furcula short, reaching to ventral tube ; manubrium
extending beyond anal tubercle, sparsely hairy ; dentes twice as long,
stout, pale orange-rufous, with short, lateral bristles, and several longer,
ventral bristles at regular intervals ; mucrones white, one-fourth dentes in
length, oblong, finely serrate beneath, apex rounded.
Maximum length, 1.6 mm. Described from over fifty specimens.
This species occurred abundantly with P. wzt/atus at the same time
and place, feeding upon algz on the outside of flowerpots, and, curiously,
having the exact colour of the latter.
Types of the above species have been. given to the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass.
122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LEPYRUS.
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PENN.
The species of Lepyrus in North America have not heretofore been
well understood. The genus has recently been treated monographically
by an American writer, several forms being described for the first time :
one of these has since been discovered to be identical with the European
capucinus, Schall, and geminatus, Say, to be palustris, Scop. To make
these species better known is the object of the present paper, and the
following synonymy and bibliography are presented :—
LEPYRUS PALUSTRIS, Scop., 1763, Entomol. Carniol, 33; co/oz, Linn., 1771,
Mant., p. 531; Kirby, Faun. Boreal, IV., 197; Leconte, Mon. Rhyn., p. 127;
geminatus, Say, Lec. ed., I., 273 ; gemznatus, Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 825.
In the work referred to, co/on = PALUSTRIS, which to that time had
been considered common to the two hemispheres, was suppressed, and
the American form united with gemnatus, the reasons being an alleged
more elongate form, much larger and more transverse prothorax carinate
along the middle, a carinate beak, and much sparser vestiture. The
reasons assigned conclusively prove that the writer was not well
acquainted with the European form as a whole, nor even with the
American. Such differences do exist, but they are merely individual and
apply equally well to the extremes of the individuals of either continent.
Here it may be remarked that the European examples usually seen in
collections rarely fairly represent the species, being mostly the largest and
more conspicuous, which are the most uniform and least characteristic :
that most frequently seen here being the form with a long cylindrical
sub- or non-carinate beak. That the individuals of this species are very
variable in Europe is evident from the number of named varieties in
the catalogue, and that the same holds good here may be seen in any
collection containing examples from all parts of the Continent where it
inhabits. Before me are fifty examples from several localities in Europe
(Italy, Austria, Switzerland, France, Portugal), exhibiting great diversity
in form, size, sculpture and vestiture, but finding counterparts in the
American forms before me from Massachusetts, New York, Canada,
Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado (Greely,
Garland), Nebraska, Manitoba (Winnipeg). The only constant characters
I have yet discovered among these diversified forms are in the meso-
sternum, which is flat bétween the coxe, a little narrower and more
triangular in the male than in the female; and in the tibial situation of the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123
femora, with a small mucro internally (sometimes not very evident).
Where these characters are found, however diverse the forms, specific
unity is indicated.
Before drawing comparisons, it will give better results to note the
differences among the foreign forms, and for contrast, that approximating
most closely the American as described by Kirby is selected for descrip-
tion.
Alate, surface black, clothed with gray, hair-like scales, an oblique stripe on each
side of the thorax, a spot on the fourth interval of the elytra in front of middle, and a
row of spots on each side of the abdomen of longer, denser white scales; the femora
also annulate with white; the abdominal spots are more frequently yellow, and often
the stripes on the thorax. Head densely squamulose, finely and closely punctate, a
linear fovea between the eyes; antennz with the first joint of the funicle short and
thick, second longer and attenuate to base, scape attaining the eye or not, according to
the length of the rostrum ; beak a little longer than the thorax, cylindriform, a little
dilated in front of the insertion of the antennz, densely squamulose, finely and closely
punctate, carina fine, attaining the frontal fovea or not. Thorax coniform, narrowed,
more or less sinuously, from base to apex, where it is slightly constricted and about
two-thirds as wide as at base, one-fourth wider than long ; disk irregular, often flattened
and ureyen, densely punctato-rugose, varying from fine to coarse; sides coarsely
tuberculo-rugose, median carina ending in the basal depression, sometimes abbreviated,
sometimes obsolescent. Elytra three-fourths wider than thorax, about one-half longer
than wide, apices mostly separately acuminate and porrect, sometimes conjointly
rounded with a slight notch, serial punctures variable in size and closeness, intervals
mostly even, sometimes the third, fifth and seventh wider and elevated. Femora
mostly armed with a small spine ; mesosternum flat, more or less triangular,
The following individual variations may be noted :—
Rostrum—Varies from about as long as the thorax to one-fifth
longer, sometimes strongly cylindrical in the longer beaked, in which the
carina is weak and frequently apical; more quadrate in the shorter beaked,
with the carina stronger, often attaining the fovea.
Antenne.—In examples with short rostrum the scape reaches the
eye, but not in those with it elongated.
Thorax.—One-fourth to one-fifth wider than long, sides often a little
dilated at apical third ; other variations are mentioned in the description.
Elytra.—The serial punctures may be large and irregularly spaced
or smaller and closer ; examples of the same length vary in the median
width of the elytra one-sixth of the width or more ; the humeral angles
are usually rounded to thorax, but not infrequently full and obtusely
angulate. Other variations are noted in the description.
Vestiture.—In the form described it is long, hair-like, and moder-
ately evenly distributed over the surface ; in other forms it is so short as
to but imperfectly conceal the surface ; in others both lengths occur ; the
colour varies from uniformly cinereous to uniformly yellowish-brown, the
124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
intermediates being variously tessellated or spotted with white, brown,
yellow, and gray scales irregularly intermixed ; the thoracic stripes, the
elytral and abdominal spots, and the spots frequently seen on the apical
protuberances vary from white to yellow.
Femora.—TVhe internal angle of the sinuation for the tibia is nearly
always armed with a minute spine in all the femora, but to be seen in
some examples requires close observation, and seems occasionally to
be obsolete.
Contrasted with the European pa/ustrvis as a whole the American
completely harmonizes, while at the same time it is just as variable and
might likewise be separated into varieties ; there might be a var. Kirdy-
anus, a Var. geminatus, etc.
The rostrum, while mostly shorter, with the scape attaining the eye, is
occasionally as long as in any of the European examples ; it is usually
stouter, more quadrate and with a stronger carina, but these differences
are not constant. The thorax in general offers few points, the most
noticeable being that the median carina is usually stronger and seldom
absent. The elytra while variable individually in regard to the serial
punctures, form and punctuation of the elytral intervals, do not differ in
these respects from what is seen in the European. The form vestiture
and coloration are in no way different. The mesosternum and femoral
armature are identical. These two characters with the forms of the first
two joints of the funicle are very constant in every variety of both
countries and the only ones yet discovered which can claim absolute
specific value.
This species varies in length from .26 to .45 inch. I have taken it
in Canada on the willow, and it is said to occur likewise on the aspen
(Populus). It seems to be the species most commonly met with ;
besides the places heretofore mentioned, it is reported from Louisiana and
Illinois.
The question has been asked: With what species did Dr. Leconte
compare geminatus, since colon has the tips of the elytra acuminate
[Mon. Rync.]? I can only say that it may have been an example of
colon with the tips conjointly rounded, which sometimes occurs ; or it
may have been capucinus, in which they are habitually rounded and
which is labelled coon in some collections. Say’s geminatus had a white
spot on the elytra, Dr. Leconte’s a yellow one. In some collections all
examples with the spot white are labelled co/on; all with it yellow
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125
geminatus ; in collections containing capucinus, which is not very common,
that species is labelled co/om ; and all others gemnatus, without regard to
the colour of the elytral spot, and again that is labelled geminatus and all
others co/on.
L. capucinus, Schall., a/ternans, Casey.— Length, .36-.45 inch.
Habitat— Michigan, New Hampshire, Maine.
Black, apterous, form robust, vestiture variable. Rostrum stout, longer than the
thorax, sulcate on each side of the carina which attains the frontal fovea or not, closely,
unevenly, partly confluently punctured ; scape of the antennz attaining the eye or not,
the first and second joints subequal in some examples, the second much longer in others,
probably sexual differences. Thorax transverse, wider than long, sides parallel to
apical third, then rapidly rounding to apical constriction, apex one-fourth narrower
than base ; sub-convex, surface even, a slight depression in front of scutellum, closely
covered with granuloid tuberculations small on the disk, larger and rugous on the
sides ; median carina fine, mostly attaining the base Elytra oval, in general one-half
longer than wide, two-thirds to three-fourths wider than thorax ; striate, striz
obscured by the vestiture, but when denuded, deep and narrow, with a row of punctures
in the bottom ; intervals either regular and evenly spaced or irregular with the first and
third wider, the others perceptibly narrower and slightly furrowed along the middle ;
the granuloid tubercles vary from excessively fine to moderately coarse ; apices con-
jointly rounded. The anterior femora in the male have the tibial sinuation rectangu-
larly laminate on the upper side, and usually the middle and posterior ; mesosternum
elevated between the coxee. The vestiture is variable, but mostly of gray and whitish
elongate scales evenly intermixed, sparse, not concealing the black surface, the usual
median spot on the elytra absent, but a white one on each apical protuberance, the
abdominal spots wanting or only traceable in a few denser white hairs. In an example
from New Hampshire the vestiture is mottled and denser, the abdominal and median
elytral spots present.
In the European examples seen (all males) there are no abdominal
nor median elytral spots, and the vestiture is that first described.
The fuller description of the present species, with more ample material
than that of Mr. Casey, has reduced the alleged differences between this
and Canadensis, Casey, to this: Striz not distinctly punctured, Cana-
densis ; striz distinctly punctured, capucinus (alternans). ‘This seems to
be too small a difference, all other things being equal, on which to base a
species, especially in a genus where the individual characters are so
instable.
LEPYRUS PERFORATUS, Casey.—While this species in form is similar
to palustris, and with the same form of ornamentation, yet it is struc-
turally different ; the femoral sinuation is gradually rounded, not spinose
as in palustris, nor angulate as in capucinus; the mesosternum is sub-
elevated, not flat as in the former, nor so prominent as in the latter.
The general vestiture is very short and sparse, not concealing the tuber-
cular rugosities and variously tessellate with minute, denser, pale scales ;
the elytra and under side are covered with distant, small, polished black
126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
tuberculoid granules, much larger on the thorax ; the intervals are slightly
alternately narrower, sometimes on the same plane, sometimes the
narrower deeply depressed, producing a costate appearance ; the serial
punctures are large and unevenly spaced; the apices are conjointly
rounded with a slight notch. This species is fully as large as gemedlus.
The examples seen are from Vancouver Island and the high mountains
of British Columbia.
Mr. Casey has described some forms which have not been seen.
L. OREGONUS, the describer states, differs from palustris (geminatus )
in the more elongate form, much smaller and Jess transverse prothorax,
longer and almost non-carinate beak, coarser serial punctures, and more
prominent sutural angles of the elytra. Habitat—Oregon.
L. PINGUIS, Casey, is said to differ from geminatus by its more obese
form, stouter beak and coarser punctuation, more exposed humeri, more
declivous elytra and denser vyestiture. Habitat—Colorado (Rocky
Mountains).
L. ERRANS, Casey, is described from a unique taken in the mountains
of New Mexico, near Abiquire, in which the elytral intervals are separated
rather by striz than by series of punctures, alternately narrower and
depressed, the narrower more finely sculptured and clothed with denser
brown squamules ; the elytra tessellated with patches of denser pale
scales, and the usual median spot not distinguishable. The beak is
longer than the thorax, with a broad and feeble carina.
L. CANADENSIS, Casey.—As stated under cafucinus, this species
should probably go into synonymy, but the form has not been seen and
there may be some really specific structure not mentioned by the de-
scriber. The length is given at .44 inch, and the habitat, Canada (Nortk-
west).
L. GEMELLUS, Kirby.—This species is only mentioned to complete
the genus ; it is not nearly related to any of the others ; more elongate,
elytra longer with four or five broad elevated interspaces separated by
strie-like impressions, each interspace with a depressed linear furrow,
roughly scalerous, lines of denser white scales on the intervals simulating
vittee ; thoracic stripes and abdominal spots white, median elytral spot
absent ; mesosternum as in ferforatus, the femoral sinuosity a little more
abrupt. Length .4o-.50 inch. Habitat—Vancouver Island to Hudson
Bay.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ty
Though the genus has but recently been treated monographically,
after disposing of geminatus and a/ternans, it was thought it might be
useful to state briefly the characters assigned to the other species, as in
all probability the large majority of the readers of the CANADIAN
ENnToMOLocIstT will never see the memoir alluded to.
The genus Zepyrus affords grand opportunities for the creation of —
species to entomologists who form them on the same basis as those of
rocks and minerals.
THE MALE OF MONODONTOMERUS MONTIVAGUS, ASHM.
g.—About 44% mm. long, moderately dull brassy-green (about the
colour of some species of Dodichopus, which it superficially resembles); ,
third abdominal segment above blackish ; tips of femora, and whole of
tibiz and tarsi, reddish-ochreous. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown.
Antenne black, scape greenish. Head rather finely punctate, rather
broad, eyes prominent, vertex somewhat flattened. Antenne rather short,
scape very peculiar, irregularly reniform, the distal swelling largest ;
flagellum uniformly cylindrical, except the tip, which is transversely
flattened. Thorax narrow, strongly punctate. Parapsidal grooves deep.
and complete. Scutellum with a transverse furrow, and its posterior
margin occupied by a ridge which is foveolate above. Tegule green.
Stigma bifurcated; post-marginal vein nearly twice as long as stigmal.
Posterior femora beneath very finely denticulated, with one large tooth
about the beginning of its distal fifth. Abdomen narrow, shining ; first
segment smooth on dorsum, remaining segments finely transversely
striate. Second segment extremely narrow on dorsum.
Hab.—On leaf of Populus, sp., campus of N. M. Agricultural
College, Las Cruces, N. M., May 8, 1895. (CkIl. 2945.)
This species was described from a ? taken by the writer at West
Cliff, Colorado. The dg, now first described, seems to differ considerably,
and I should never have referred it to the same species, but for the fact
that Mr. Ashmead assures me that the identity is certain. According to
Howard’s synopsis of the genera of Chalcidide, it would not go into
Monodontomerus, which has the posterior femora smooth beneath, except
for the large tooth. ‘The insect is a parasite of wild bees.
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
THE CIGAR CASE-BEARER OF THE APPLE (COLEOPHORA
LETCHERELLA).
BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA.
FIG. 12—CIGAR CASE-BEARERS AT WORK—NATURAL SIZE.
(Figure copied from Cornell Bulletin, No. 93, by M. V. Slingerland.)
In 1889 I received from the late William Brown, of Charlottetown,
P. E. I., some Jarve of a small case-bearer, which he had found in large
numbers upon his plum trees, and which also occurred in his pear and
apple orchards. Since that time this insect has made itself well-known
by its injuries in apple orchards in various localities in the Maritime
Provinces, and in the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. A _ beautifully
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129
illustrated and carefully prepared bulletin has been issued by Mr. M. V.
Slingerland, of Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, in
which the life history of this most interesting but very serious enemy of
the fruit grower is fully described. The above illustration, kindly lent by
the editor of the Canadian Horticulturist, is copied from that bulletin.
The localities in Canada where this little pest has been most injurious
are situated along the northern shore of Lake Ontario and the St.
Lawrence. Dr. Young, of Adolphustown, in whose orchard of Duchess
of Oldenburgh and Russet apples the first important occurrence of this
insect as an apple pest was observed, states that they were first noticed
in his orchard about 1885. Reports of its ravages have also been
received from Oshawa, Port Hope, and Maitland, Ont., in all of which
places it had an appreciable effect on the yield of the orchards.
The life history may be summarized as follows: The eggs, which
are described by Mr. Slingerland as beautiful objects, are of a delicate
light lemon-yellow colour, deeply pitted with triangular depressions sepa-
rated by narrow ridges. They are very minute, and are deposited by the
females among the hairs of the new shoots and on the under sides of the
youngest leaves. The egg stage lasts about two weeks, the little cater-
pillars emerging in the latter half of july. For the first period of their
lives they are miners feeding on the inner tissues of the leaves. After
two or three weeks they make small, rather flat and elongated, curved
cases, in which they pass the winter. ‘These cases, inside which they live
and which they carry about with them, are made of pieces of the upper and
lower skins of the mined part of the leaf, lined inside with silk. The two
surfaces of the leaf are easily recognizable on the cases from the pubescence
of that side which was taken from the lower surface. Soon after making
these winter cases, the caterpillars, now about a quarter grown, migrate to
the twigs of the tree and fasten themselves securely to the bark. In
badly infested orchards they are sometimes found clustered in hundreds
around the fruit spurs.
As soon as growth begins the following year, about the beginning of
May, the case-bearers crawl out to the opening buds, and at this-time
130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
their injuries are considerable, as they attack not only the young leaves,
but also the flower buds. ‘The winter curved cases are retained for a
short time in spring, and are enlarged by the addition of small pieces of
the skin of the leaves attached to the orifice, but after two or three weeks
are discarded and another kind of case is made of the same material. This
summer case, from which this insect takes its name, is shaped exactly like
a miniature cigar. It is brown and very tough; the upper end is con-
tracted abruptly into a three-limbed, star-shaped orifice, the lips of which
fit closely together. Through this hole the excrement of the caterpillar is
ejected, and ultimately the pretty little steel-gray moth will make its exit.
The full-grown caterpillars, which are orange coloured, with black heads
and dark feet, four millimetres in length, change to dark brown chrysalids
inside the cases about the end of June, and the moths appear about three
weeks later.
REMEDIES: The Cigar Case-bearer, when numerous, is a serious
pest of the apple tree, and occasionally also of the pear and plum. The
most injury results from the young caterpillars early in spring attacking
the unexpanded buds, and later the flower stems, the forming fruit, and
the foliage.
The results of experiments show that this insect can be controlled by
spraying with Paris green and kerosene emulsion ; but very thorough and
persistent work is necessary. The best results have followed spraying the
infested trees very early in the spring with kerosene emulsion, and repeat-
ing the operation once or twice at short intervals, four or five days later.
The first application may be made with the standard Riley-Hubbard
emulsion reduced with only five parts of water. After the leaves expand,
the emulsion should be diluted with nine parts of water. Good results
have also been obtained by spraying with Paris green (Paris green, 1 lb.,
quicklime, 1 lb., in 200 gallons of water). Now that the operation for
spraying fruit trees with different compounds for the destruction of
injurious insects and fungi is getting to be generally adopted by the best
fruit growers throughout Canada, the only change necessary in the
advised methods will be to spray rather oftener where this insect is known
to occur.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131
NEW AMERICAN PARASITIC CYNIPIDA (ALLOTRIINA).
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO.
All of the species described below were taken in Colorado. For
most of the specimens I am indebted to the industry of my wife, who has
done a large amount of work with the sweep net in Northern Colorado.
No American species have yet been described as belonging to any of the
genera mentioned, though some of the species described under A//otria
may possibly be referable to some one of them. A number of species of
Allotria in my collection are left until such time as the already described
forms are more fully elucidated.
Phaenoglyphis, Forster.
This genus is separated from A//otra by the parapsidal furrows and
scutellar fovea.
Phaenoglyphis americana, Xi. sp. .
Male.—Shining black, legs and antennz honey-yellow. Length, 1 mm.
Antenne 14-jointed, approximate at base, sockets twice as far from eyes
as from each other, reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen ; joint 2
as long as 1, 3 twice as long and distinctly bent inwardly, 4 and 5 some-
what shorter than 2 ; apical joint long, conical, and blackish at tip. Oral
region castaneous. Face, prothorax above, mesonotum at sides, scutellum,
metathorax and base of abdomen with fine white hair, longest on the
scutellum. Parapsidal furrows distinct, not approximate behind, gently
diverging anteriorly and extending the entire length of mesonotum.
‘Scutellum with a large semicircular fovea at base. Metanotum opaque
and with two longitudinal caring, which are equidistant from each other
and the iateral margins. Tegule piceous. Wings as long as whole body;
median vein obsolete ; radial cell closed, two and a-half times long as
wide; appendix below long, slender, straight, and slightly knobbed at end;
radius extending somewhat beyond juncture with marginal] vein. Cubital
and discoidal veins faintly outlined. Fort Collins ; May.
Dylita, Yorster.
Under this genus I describe several species in which the radial cell
is open for a greater or less distance on the anterior border, and in which
the radius is narrowly rounded at tip and does not reach the margin of
the wing. Some of the species resemble quite closely various species of
Alloxysta, but in that genus the radius spreads out irregularly at tip, and
there is no appreciable space between it and the margin of the wing.
132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The following characters are common to all the species described
below: Antenne reaching to between middle and tip of abdomen.
Pubescence very sparse, except on metathorax and base of abdomen,
where it 13 short and thick, and on scutellum, where it is long and thin.
Prothorax below, a triangular sclerite below tegule, and metathorax,
opaque and minutely roughened. Tegulze piceous. Wings as long or
slightly longer than the whole body ; median vein obsolete.
Dylita bicolor, n. sp.
Female.—Shining black, legs honey-yellow, antenne piceous beyond
joint 4. Length, 1.25 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, sockets at middle of face and as far from eyes
as each other ; flagellum becoming distinctly wider and heavier toward
the tip; antennal joint 2 three-fourths the length of 1, 3 equalling 1 in
length, 4 and 5 subequal in length to 2; apical joint becoming wider for
about two-thirds its length, then rapidly narrowing to a point ; four basal
joints same colour as legs. Oral region rufous, palpi honey-yellow.
Radial cell long, triangular, two and a half times as long as wide,
terminal abscissa of radius broadly rounded, appendix below short,
strongly bent, knobbed at tip. Fort Collins; June.
Dylita ruficeps, n. sp.
Female.—Shining black, head and antennz beyond joint 4, dark
rufous ; legs honey-yellow. Length, 1.25 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, sockets above middle of face, nearer to each
other than to the eyes ; flagellum but little wider toward the tip ; joint 3
somewhat longer than 1, 2 three-fourths the length of 3, 4 and 5 sub-
equalling 2 in length ; apical joint evenly narrowed to a point and much
longer than anteapical. Mandibles honey-yellow, piceous at tips and
bidentate. Palpi sordid white. Radial cell triangular, two and one-third
times as long as wide, terminal abscissa of radius strongly irregularly
bent, appendix below long, angularly bent at extremity. Fort Collins;
June. i
Differs from dzco/ory in size, colour of head, antennz, and venation.
Dylita affinis, n. sp.
Female.—Length, 1.25 mm. Closely related to D. ruficeps, from
which it differs as follows: Head ‘of same width, but shorter, of a very pale
bright rufous, with the space between the ocelli dark. Joint 4 of antenn
nearly as long as 3, and slightly longer than 2 ; sockets above middle of
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133
face, distance between them equalling distance to eyes. Appendix below
radial cell long and straight. Fort Collins ; September.
Easily separated from ruficeps by the above characters.
Dylita coloradensis, n. sp.
Male.—Black ; head, prothorax, and all pleure, pale rufous ; antennze
and legs honey-yellow. Length, 1.5 mm.
Antenne 14-jointed, sockets above middle of face, as near eyes as
each other; flagellum not enlarging toward the tip; joint 2 three-fourths
of 1, 1-3-4 and 5 subequal ; apical joint conical and not longer than
anteapical. Metanotum with two distinct carinz which converge
slightly anteriorly. Radial cell triangular, little more than twice as
long as thick, terminal abscissa of the: radius somewhat curved,
appendix below long, straight, gradually enlarged toward the extremity.
Fort Collins ; June.
Readily distinguished from the above species by coloration.
Dylita similis, n. sp.
Male.—Length, 1.5 mm. Very similar to D. coloradensis, from
which it differs as follows: Space between ocelli dark. Antenne
becoming piceous beyond joint 4. Radial cell longer and more pointed,
two and one-half times as long as wide, terminal abscissa of the radius
nearly straight, appendix below curved. Fort Collins ; September.
Alloxysta, Forster,
In this genus (or subgenus) the radius reaches the anterior margin
of the wing, but the radial cell is open anteriorly. The following char-
acters aré common to all the species described below: Antennz reaching
to between middle and tip of abdomen, sockets at middle of face, as near
eyes as each other. Pubescence very sparse, except on metathorax and
base of abdomen, where it is short and thick,and on scutellum, where it is
long and thin. Prothorax below, a triangular sclerite below tegule, and
metathorax, opaque and minutely roughened. Tegule piceous. Wings
as long or slightly longer than the whole body ; median vein obsclete.
Alloxysta robusta, n. sp.
Female —Shining black, antenne at base and legs honey-yellow.
Length, t mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, piceous beyond joint 4; flagellum strongly
enlarging toward tip ; joints 1, 2 and 3 subequal in length, 4 and 5 some-
what shorter than 3; apical joint conical, longer than anteapical. Oral
134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
region rufous, palpi honey-yellow. Abdomen short but very deep, the
depth half again the length. Radial cell large, long triangular, length two
and a half times the width, terminal abscissa of the radius gently curved,
appendix below bent. Fort Collins ; June.
Alloxysta longiventris, n. sp.
Female.—Shining black, antenne at base and legs honey-yellow ;
head with vertex piceous, all below pale rufous. Length, 1 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, dark rufous beyond joint 4; flagellum strongly
enlarged toward tip ; proportions of antennal joints as in robusta. Meta-
notum with two longitudinal carinz which converge slightly anteriorly.
Abdomen nearly as long as the thorax, slender, upper and lower lines
subparallel. Radial cell small, short triangular, length two and a third
times the width, terminal abscissa of the radius strongly curved, appendix
below straight. Fort Collins; May.
In the form of the abdomen this species differs widely from any other
Allotriid [have seen. The abdomen of 4. vodusta differs from the normal
form in exactly the opposite direction.
Alloxysta magna, N. sp.
Female.—Large, robust ; shining black ; antennz at base and legs
honey-yellow ; head rufous, slightly darker above. Length, 1.6 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, piceous beyond the fourth joint; flagellum
subfiliform, scarcely enlarging toward the tip; joints 1, 3 and 4 subequal,
2 about three-fourths as long, apical joint conical at tip, longer than the
anteapical. Metanotum with two longitudinal carine which converge
slightly anteriorly. Abdomen globular, as deep as long, and scarcely
pointed behind. Radial cell large, triangular, length two anda half times
the width, terminal abscissa of the radius strongly curved, appendix below
short and straight. Fort Collins ; June. ;
The largest species I have seen, and with the abdomen more nearly
globose.
Alloxysta gracilis, Nn. sp.
Female.—Shining black, antennz at base and legs honey-yellow ;
head pale rufous. Length, 1.25 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, piceous beyond joint 4; flagellum subfiliform ;
joint 3 equals one in length, 2 three-fourths as long, 4 and 5 somewhat
shorter. Abdomen from the side subtriangular, strongly pointed behind.
Radial cell of medium size, two and a half times as long as wide, terminal
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135
abscissa slightly curved, appendix below heavy and straight. Fort
Collins ; September.
Differs from magna in size, shape of abdomen, etc.
Alloxysta apicalis, n. sp.
Female.—Shining black, antennz at base and legs honey-yellow, head
pale rufous ; abdomen light reddish-brown, black at tip. Length, 1.4 mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, piceous beyond joint 4; flagellum slightly
heavier toward the tip ; joints 1, 3 and 4 subequal, 2 a little shorter ;
apical joint conical at the tip, longer than the anteapical. Abdomen
from the side subtriangular, pointed behind. Radial cell large, two and
a half times as long as wide, terminal abscissa slightly curved, appendix
below slender, strongly knobbed at the tip. Fort Collins ; September.
Readily recognized by the peculiarly coloured abdomen.
Alloxysta rufipleura, N. sp.
Male.—Shining black, antenne at base and legs honey-yellow ; head,
prothorax, and all pleura bright rufous. Length, 1.25 mm.
Antenne 14-jointed, dusky beyond joint 5; flagellum subfiliform ;
joints 1, 3 and 4 subequal, 2 a little shorter, 3 somewhat swollen at the
apex beneath ; apical joint conical, little longer than anteapical. Abdo-
men from side subequilaterally triangular, strongly produced and pointed
below. Radial cell of medium size, two and one-half times as long as
wide, terminal abscissa of the radius strongly curved, appendix below
rather long and emarginate on the proximal side. Fort Collins ; June.
Separated from all the above species by the partially rufous thorax.
Alloxysta abdominalts, n. sp.
Female.— Dark shining piceous, abdomen and thorax lighter ; head
and metathorax rufous ; antennz at base and legs honey-yellow. Length,
I mm.
Antenne 13-jointed, piceous beyond joint 4; flagellum slightly
enlarged toward the tip; joints 3 and 4 shorter than r and but little
longer than 2; apical joint slender, conical, very long, a half longer than
the anteapical. Abdomen from the side subequilaterally triangular.
Radial cell shorter and broader than in rufipleura, the terminal abscissa
of radius gently curved, appendix below slender, curved, knobbed at tip.
Fort Collins ; June.
Resembling rufip/eura, but differing in size, and antennal and wing
characters. Itis hardly possible that this could be the female of rujipleura.
156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES ON BEES OF THE GENUS PROSOPIS, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS.
Prosopis affinis, Sm.
Twenty-four male and female specimens sent to Mr. Cresson in 1887
were identified as this species, Since that time I have regarded it asa
variable species, and in my last paper (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII,
116) indicated it as a synonym of P. modesta, Say. I now think there are
two species, closely allied, but characterized as follows :—
Prosopis affinis, Sm., 9 .—bBlack, head and thorax opaque, closely
punctured ; abdomen almost impunctate, first segment smooth and
shining, lateral apical margin with a patch of whitish pubescence ;
flagellum testaceous beneath ; subtriangular mark on each side of face,
two spots on collar, tubercles, spot on tegula, edge of wing base beyond
tegulze, and base of all the tibia, lemon-yellow ; enclosure of metathorax
strongly rugose at base; wings hyaline. Length, 5-6 mm.
¢.—— Resembles the female ; first segment of abdomen less shining,
more punctate, apical margins of segments subtestaceous and sub-
fasciate ; face below antenne, ascending broadly on each side nearly to
summit of scape and notched around insertion of antenne, labrum,
mandibles, except rufous tips, concave exterior edge of scape, two spots
on collar, spot on tegule, edge of wing base, tubercles, tarsi, and tibie,
except a spot behind anterior and middle pairs and ring on posterior pair,
lemon-yellow. Length, 5-6 mm.
Illinois ; 16 ¢, 11 9 specimens.
Four males differ only in having no yellow on scape ; one of these
also without a spot on tegule.
I think there is no question but that this is the P. afinis of Smith,
but the male described by him probably does not belong to it. If, how-
ever, this should prove to be distinct from P. a/inis, the name of Prosopis
zizi@ is proposed for it.
Prosopis modesta, Say, 2.— Closely resembles the female of 7
affinis ; wing a little more dusky, the extreme base without yellow, tegulz
rarely with a small spot in front. Length, 4-6 mm.
gf .— Scape stout, not strongly concave exteriorly, as in preceding ;
first segment of abdomen less punctate, more smooth and shining ; face
below antennz, narrowing to a point on each side at eye margin ; two
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. har
spots on collar, tubercles, anterior tibiz in front, middle and posterior
pairs at base, and the tarsi, yellow ; the tarsi paler. Length, 5-6 mm.
Illinois ; 24 7, 27 specimens.
Thirteen male specimens agree with the description ; six have a
yellow line on mandibles ; five have a yellow spot on labrum ; three have
no spots on collar; two have spots on tegule, and one has the scape
yellow exteriorly. Twenty-two female specimens have the tegule im-
maculate ; five have small spots on tegulze in front, two individuals of
these showing the spot only on one side. ‘This is the commonest species
in my neighbourhood. I have taken the sexes in copula. This is the ?.
affinis of Cresson (Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist., xii., 270).
Smith mentions a spot on teguize in P. afinzs, while Say does not
mention it in P. modesta. It is quite probably that Say’s description was
based on specimens taken in Indiana. This is the only species taken
here which agrees with his description. What Say described as the male
belongs to P. pygmea, Cr. The female of P. pygmea usually has a spot
on tegule, but not on collar.
Prosopis pygme@a, Cress.
Of twenty-seven female specimens taken here (Carlinville, Illinois),
all except nine show a spot on clypeus, two showing three spots; only
one shows no spot on the tegule ; all have spots on tubercles and side of
face, and no spots on collar. The females without spots on face and
tibcreles ate) /refcrred) ‘to! mext- (See Trans.) /) X X01. n16:) Of
twenty-three males, fourteen have no spots on tegulz, while two show
no spots on tubercles and are without the yellow club-shaped extension
of the facial markings.
Prosopis sanicule, n. sp.,é.— Black, opaque, the abdomen more
shining ; head and thorax closely and rather finely punctured ; abdomen
almost impunctate ; enclosure of metathorax more rugose than in P.
pygmea; form slender; scape very broad, club-shaped; flagellum
beneath and apical margins of abdominal segments somewhat testaceous ;
a subquadrate spot on clypeus, a smaller spot above, a narrow line on
each side of face, anterior tibia in front, middle and hind pairs at base,
and the tarsi, yellow ; face on each side near insertion of antenne with a
rounded depression which is smooth and shining ; wings hyaline, nervures
and stigma dull testaceous. Length, 4-5 mm.
138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
?.— A narrow line on each side of face, sometimes wanting, and the
tibize at base, yellowish. Length, 4-5 mm.
Illinois ; four ¢, three 2 specimens.
Prosopis Illinotsensis, n. sp., ¢.-— Black, head and thorax opaque,
densely, rather strongiy and coarsely punctured; abdomen shining,
especially the first segment, which is impunctate, the remaining segments
finely punctured ; metathorax rather strongly rugose; scape stout; face
below antennz, widening above on each side and somewhat notched about
their bases, small spot on labrum, and sometimes on mandibles, two spots
on collar, tubercles, anterior and middle tibie in front, hind tibiz entirely,
and the tarsi, yellow ; wings dusky toward tips. Length, 6 mm.
Illinois ; three ¢ specimens.
NOTES ON NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA HYMENOPTERA.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX.
(Continued from page I12,)
Diodontus occidentalis, Fox.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Name com.
by Prof. Cockerell. Det., Fox.
Diadasia enavata, Cress.—Las Cruces, N. Mex., August 19. Two.
Clypeus black. Det., Fox.
Elis (Dielis) plumipes, Drury.—Las Cruces, N. Mex., August 19.
Two. Det., Riley.
Epeolus, sp.—Chaves, N. Mex., August 6. One. A moderately
jarge hornet-shaped species, most beautifully velvety al! over, entirely
black below, including legs. Thorax black, with circular border light
velvety yellow extending on pleura. Abdomen black with light velvety
yellow cross-band on segments 1 to 4, those on segments 1 and 2 on hind
portion near hind border and projected laterally forward, on first segment
the lateral yellow also projected inward on anterior edge. Wings smoky.
There seems to be very short pubescence on the thorax, but that on the
abdomen is extra short, or is, as it appears, pollen. Det., Fox.
Epeolus occidentalis, Cress.—Turkey Tanks, Arizona, July 18. One
specimen. A small hornet-shaped species, with thorax black and yellow
vittate, abdomen black and yellow banded, wings slightly smoky, and legs
fulvous. Det., Fox.
Eucerceris, sp.—Grant, Valencia County, N. Mex., August 3. One.
A yellow and black chrysidiid-like hornet. Det., Riley.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139
Lvania, sp., ¢.—Las Cruces, N. Mex.,Septemberg. One. A small
blackish and rufous gall-fly (?), with immense thorax and very small
pedunculate abdomen. Det., Riley.
Gorytes dentatus, Fox., n. sp.—Grand Canyon, Arizona; Hance
trail, July 11. One specimen. » LCGCRUS:
AA. Claws simple (mostly larger species).
b. Prothorax not margined at base, crenulate.
Frontedge of prothoracic flanks sinuous or toothed. Bassareus.
Front edge of prothoracic flanks straight... Cryptocephadus.
bb. Prothorax margined at base, not crenulate; prosternum feebly
SHANNSNEA Hw. oils Ss Sy, 8 nae a Pach vbr aehys:
154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Monacuus, Chevyr.
Two very robust species of blue colour belong here; they may be
obtained by sweeping meadows. Dr. Leconte separates them thus :—
Form oval; see oe smooth, opaque, rows of elytral punctures
feeble. Sate REI ict sees eae .ater, Hald.
Form ovate ; an aot Boren on ares near the beeen rows of elytral
punctures strong.. ee wee teee ees uNbOi0N AIS walt
Both are of about he same size ot IO—.12 ia and have rather
elongate antenne, which are testaceous at base.
Diacuus, Lec.
Contains the smallest Canadian Cryptocephalini. They are of
cylindrical-oval form, and somewhat metallic colours, overlaid on blue or
green. The two recorded from within our limits are :—
Elytral ‘strie obliterated behind the middle; sides of prothorax,
antenne and legs testaceous; .o6-.08 in.:......auratus, Fabr.
Outer elytral strize impressed, curving around at tip; prothorax
smooth; colour, dark blue-green, antennze and legs reddish-
brown; .o8—.11 in. Shedehey Ute V4.0 seo 2. AA RO See eee
nie. Hald.
The two species look much like Cryftocephalus, but may be
distinguished by the character given in the table. 4. detritus measures
from .18—.22 in., and is of a blackish colour, the elytra with four red
spots ; the prothorax is opaque, sparsely punctured. The other species,
B. mammifer, has a smooth, shining prothorax, and varies from .14-.22
in. in length. The typical form has elytra spotted like those of detritus ;
i. e., a large anterior spot on each wing-cover and an apical one. It
runs, however, through the following varieties, which have received
separate names: se//atus, Suffr., in which the anterior elytral spot is
reduced in size and the sides of the prothorax are white; pretiosus,
Melsh., with a larger anterior elytral. spot, which is connected with some
small basal spots, the prothorax with sides and two spots at base white ;
and /uteipennis, Melsh., with yellow elytra.
CRYPTOCEPHALUS, Geoffr.
A number of species occur in Canada, some of which will be found
mixed, in the collections of beginners, with Badia 4g-guttata and the
species of Bassareus. They are, however, readily separated when once
attention has been called to the characters in use for the purpose. The
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155
following table will, it is thought, serve for the separation of the Canadian
forms among themselves without reference to prosternal characters, for an
exposition of which the student is referred to Dr. Leconte’s paper on the
genus in Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc. for 1880.
A. Elytra yellow with two oblique black stripes ;
prothorax reddish, usually with two basal
oblique yellow spots. .17-.21 in. (Fig.
Ue antisense yes =). VERUSTE Samar:
AA. Elytra spotted.
b’. Spots numerous, arranged 2, 2, 2, 1 on each
elytron, yellowish on brown or black
ground. Prothorax reddish. .16-.22 HES
HN nts ag Ae gpa ol kek « PULERIALU SS OILY, Fic. 15.
b*. Spots at base confluent into a transverse band which extends to
the sixth stria, a marginal spot just before the middle extend-
ing to fifth stria, an interrupted post-median band and apical
spot, all yellow. Ground colour of elytra brown. Pro-
thorax browh. -12—.16 in..... 0.0.02... 22 baates, Suir.
b3, Spots very different in size, the middle ones usually confluent,
into a large blotch on the sutural region, the others usually
quite small and arranged in longitudinal rows; they are
brown or black on a pale yellow ground. The prothorax is
ferruginous or nearly black; sides and front, and often also
two oblique basal spots, yellow. .16-.28 in. mutabilis, Melsh.
b*. Spots red, not exceeding two on each elytron; ground colour
black or blue-black, prothorax black.
c. Humeral spots confluent on median line so as to form a band
extending quite across (var. of next species). ofatus, Fabr.
cc. Humeral spots separate.
Larger and more robust ; humeral spot large, extending
along sides, apical spot variable in size. .14-.22
MO eee feteiie wis a's «ez cies at RETR ACIIGLUS, SAY
Smaller and more slender ; humeral spot oblong, slightly
wider behind, hardly reaching the base. Apical spot
rounded. (The var. 4-guttudus differs only in having
the humeral spot longer, reaching to the middle of the
length of the elytra.) .1o—.12 in. guadruplex, Newm,
156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
AAA. Elytra plain. Colour testaceous or slightly brownish ; prothorax
densely rugosely punctured. .12-.16 in..... Schretbersi, Suffr.
It should be remarked that nearly all of these are very variable in
colour, but the table covers all of the recorded named varieties for East
Canada. Any specimens which appear not to come under any of the
names given should be referred to specialists.
PACHYBRACHYS, Chevr.
Contains a number of small species in which the outer striz of the
elytra are usually completely confused and the inner ones tortuous and
irregular. They have been tabulated by Dr. Leconte, in the paper cited,
and in this as well as the preceding table we have drawn upon his work
for many characters.
A. Colours of upper surface definitely arranged.
bt. Striped yellow and black or brown.
S Suture broadly black, each elytron with two broad
stripes and narrow margin black. Thorax with M-
like brown mark. .10-.14 in... ./¢tigiosus, Suffr.
Suture very narrowly black, each elytron with a
broad oblique stripe, narrow outer margin and an
intervening row of spots black. Thorax either en-
tirely yellow, ferruginous, or yellow with ferru-
ginous, M-like mark. .14-.22 in.
(Fig. 16) fe led cays oss ev ae se 2 0p hele ee
b*. Opaque black, prothorax with sides, front margin, anterior
portion of median line and two basal spots, red. This red
may be variously reduced. .16-.20 in. .¢rinotatus, Melsh.
b*, Yellow above, head with black spot on crown, prothorax
with a black spot on each side, and a somewhat Y-shaped
one at middie. Elytra with humeral spot and a large V on
: suture, which joins at its apex with an irregularly indented
transverse subapical band, black or brown. These markings
may become indistinct at times. .o6-.12 in...¢7zdens, Melsh.
AA. Uniform opaque black. .10-.14 in..........carbonarius, Hald.
AAA. Colours more or less mottled.
c. Sides of prothorax strongly rounded and incurved near. base ;
hind angles rounded,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15%
Black, mostly opaque, upper surface mottled with small
white dots ; prothorax sometimes red at sides, femora
often with a yellow spot. Elytra confusedly coarsely
Bee over most of the surface. .13-
.16 in. ie ais samme. 34 .. duridus, Fabr.
Black, opaque, oiytre with ewer Eauniaed punctures,
white spots more numerous ; pygidium with testaceous
spots, legs testaceous in great part.
+EOvIN., Se vig 2 ete . femoratus, Oliv.
ce. Sides of Eee IRGtax Abliaaety broadly eaunded or straight, not
incurved behind.
Punctures. of prothorax and elytra uniform, two strize
visible at sides ; upper surface dull ochreous clouded
with brown. .o8-.12 in............/epaticus, Melsh.
Punctures of elytra more or less irregular, strize visible at
sides and behind. Black, opaque, prothorax with sides
and dorsal spots red, elytra with a broad irregular
band from the side almost to the suture.
II-.14 in. aggohe & “43 . . subfasciatus, Hald.
The above seme Maines all ae ce species known from East
Canada which are included in Dr. Leconte’s table, which has been
followed for the most part. Three recorded forms, atomarius, infaustus,
and sobrinus, are left unaccounted for ; they belong to a group of small
species, mostly mottled, in which the prothorax is formed as in the
division cc, the elytral sculpture consisting usually of an irregular punctu-
ation, with the stric visible chiefly at sides and behind. The prosternum
is broad and only very slightly concave, which character will separate
them from the species preceding /epaticus, since the prosternum in
all those is sulcate. A careful study is required, with reference to the
types, before anything further should be attempted.
WE have much pleasure in recording that the Honorary Degree of
LL.D. was conferred upon two members of the Entomological Society of
Ontario — Professor WILLIAM SAUNDERS, F. R. S.C., F. L.S., F.C. S.,
Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion, and Mr. JAMEs
FLETcHER, F. R. S. C., F. L. S., Dominion Entomologist and Botanist,—
at the recent convocation of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. We
beg to offer our esteemed friends our very hearty congratulations upon
this well-deserved honour.
158 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
FIVE NEW BEES OF THE GENUS CALLIOPSIS, FROM NEW
MEXICO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.
Calliopsis meliloti, n. sp., 9.—Length, 5 mm.; head and thorax
wholly black, abdomen very dark brown, with yellowish-white markings.
Head, thorax, legs, and sides of abdomen with abundant long dull white
hair. Clypeus prominent, shining, with conspicuous sparse punctures,
its upper portion longitudinally sulcate in the middle, its whole surface
appearing bare, with only very short, inconspicuous hairs. On each side
of the clypeus is a shining bare eminence. Vertex closely punctured,
Mandibles brown. Antennz quite short, the hairy scape not much less
than half as long as the flagellum, the last joint of which is truncate and
somewhat flattened.
Tegulz shining testaceous. Dorsum of metathorax bare, smooth.
Legs dark, knees and terminal joints of tarsi becoming paler. Wings
quite short, hyaline, iridescent, nervures and stigma light reddish-brown.
Second submarginal cell about three-fourths length of 1st ; narrowed one-
half to marginal. Abdomen short and broad, with broad creamy-white
bands ; that on first segment narrowly interrupted in middle, and roundly
notched on each side behind ; that on second very broadly interrupted,
and also notched at sides ; those on third and fourth entire, notched at
sides behind; finally an obscure broad subrufescent band partly on
fourth and partly on fifth segment. Anal fimbria dirty white.
Habitat.—Las Cruces, N. M., on the College Farm, May rst, 1895 ;
swept from AZe/iotus indica, together with Vomada, Sphecodes, Prosapis,
and four species of Hadictus, viz.: bardus, stultus, pectoraloides, and
meliloti.
It is related to C. cinctus, Cr., but differs in the abdominal bands
being white instead of yellow. The anal fimbria not fuscous, the wings
not at all dusky. It has some superficial resemblance to /erdita
albovittata.
Calliopsis hirsutifrons, n. sp., ¢.—Length about 6 mm.; pitch-black,
very shiny, thorax and abdomen without any pale markings, face-mark-
ings creamy-white. Face, including clypeus, scape, cheeks, occiput,
sides of thorax, post-scutellum, metathorax except basal middle, legs, and
lateral hind margins of abdominal segments, with rather dense and fairly
long white pubescence. Head transversely oval, ocelli small and close
together, vertex with no distinct punctures ; clypeus except the usual
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 159
dots, and triangular lateral face-marks, white, the latter in shape not very
far from a half-circle, but the ends more produced and the inner (orbital)
margin a little concave. Mandibles mostly white without. Flagellum
black above, coffee-brown beneath.
Disc of mesothorax with conspicuous, very sparse punctures; at
sides of mesothorax, and on scutellum, they are much closer. Tegulz
dark chestnut-brown. Legs black, anterior tibi in front, and first joint
of all the tarsi, cream colour; remaining joints of tarsi subrufescent.
Claws deeply cleft. Wings hyaline, with a faint smoky tinge, which does
not extend to the external margin; nervures and stigma dark brown,
marginal cell long, the tip roundly truncate, minutely appendiculate.
Second submarginal a little shorter than rst, narrowed a little less than
one-half to marginal. Abdomen narrow, strongly but rather sparsely
punctured, the segments transversely grooved adjacent to the sutures.
Hind lateral margins of segments with white hair bands.
Habitat—Albuquerque, N. M., middle of August, 1895 [CkIl., 4527].
Something like C. pauper, but hairy, and the tibiz are differently
marked. It resembles a good deal the ¢ of C. albitarsis, which I took
on Rudbeckia laciniata, at Santa Fé, N. M., July roth. In albitarsis,
however, the face is not nearly so hairy, the face-marks are pale yellow,
and the lateral marks are obtuse instead of pointed above.
Calliopsis fraterculus, n. sp., ¢.—Length about 6% mm., pitch-
black, with the ciypeus, triangular marks at sides of face, and tibie in part,
pale lemon-yellow, tarsi light. Head broader than long, shining, the
ocelli in pits, a conspicuous prominence adjacent to the summit of each
eye, occiput and cheeks with large, more or less confluent, punctures.
Vertex with very few punctures, front with large subconfluent punctures ;
clypeus punctured, high, light yellow, with its piceous apical margin
produced into a tooth on each side ; lateral face-marks triangular, rounded
above, not extending as high as antennal sockets; labrum truncate,
mandibles wholly dark ; antennz short, reaching about to tegule, flagellum
dark brown. Thorax wholly dark, with large punctures ; pubescence of
head and thorax sparse and inconspicuous, white, specially noticeable only
on each side of antennz, on border of prothorax, beneath the wings, and
at the sides of the metathorax. Punctures of scutellum and post-scutellum
very large and like those of mesothorax, those of metathorax smaller and
closer. Base of metathorax with obscure longitudinal wrinkles, but no
well-defined smooth space behind them. Tegulz shining dark reddish-
160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
brown. Wings fuliginous, nervures and stigma piceous, a pale dot at base
of stigma. A small hyaline spot at angle between marginal and second
submarginal cell, and one just beyond upper corner of third discoidal.
Venation practically as in e¢héops, but the marginal cell not so narrow in
proportion to its length. Legs black, knees and external bases (half, more
or less) of tibize pale yellow, tarsi pale yellow, the terminal joints becom-
ing brown. Claws only slightly bifid. Abdomen densely punctured, the
apical margins of the segments smooth and constricted. 9 .—Length about
7 mm., more robust, abdomen broader, segments not constricted, punctua-
tion in general finer, legs with dirty white hairs, dense on hind pair. Legs
dark, with a light yellow spot at extreme base of each of the anterior and
middle tibie. Face wholly dark.
Habitat—New Mexico; the 2? on BSigelovia Wrighti, at Las
Cruces, Sept. 23rd, 1895; the ¢ at Albuquerque, middle of August,1895.
This species is a sort of small brother of C. @thiops (Cr.), from which
it is easily distinguished not only by its size, but by the sculpturing of the
metathorax. C. ethiops, also, does not have the shining boss at the
summit of the eyes, which is present in both sexes of fratercudus. Ihave
taken C. ethiops at LasCruces, N.M., Sept. 21,1895, on Helianthus annuus.
Calliopsis perlavis, n. sp., 2.—Length, 8 mm., black, shining ; face
and thorax without pale markings. Head subquadrate, not particularly
large, a little longer than broad ; clypeus rather prominent, produced into
a tooth on each side; mandibles dark reddish at ends; face, clypeus,
front, vertex and cheeks strongly punctured, the punctures smallest and
most dense on front and beneath antennz ; antenne reaching as far as
base of wings, joints 6 to ro of flagellum testaceous beneath. Mesothorax
shining, with small shallow punctures, fairly dense in front and at sides,
but becoming sparse towards the middle, and almost lacking in the middle.
Scutellum with sparse punctures, base of metathorax longitudinally
wrinkled. Pubescence of head and thorax sparse, very pale brownish,
most noticeable on cheeks, occiput and pleura ; only a few scattered hairs
on sides of metathorax. Tegule amber colour. Wings subhyaline,
grayish, yellowish towards the base, costal nervure and stigma dark brown.
The outermost nervures also dark brown, but the rest amber colour.
Second submarginal a little shorter than first, narrowed about half to
marginal. lJLegs dark, a rather ill-defined small yellow spot at base of
each of the four anterior tibiw, tarsi becoming rufescent. Hind legs with
a copious clothing of hair. Abdomen shining, parallel-sided, the apical
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161
margins of segments 2 and 3 becoming rufescent. Punctures of dorsum
minute and close, on first segment extremely sparse and small.
Habitat.—Las Cruces, New Mexico; two on sunflowers,October 6th,
1895. By its smooth surface it comes nearest to C. margaritensis, Fox,
but that is a smaller insect.
Calliopsis Boyleit, n.sp., g.—Length a little over 7 mm., very
slender, black with yellow markings. Head somewhat broader than long;
antenne very long, entirely black ; face flattened, the clypeus not pro-
jecting; entirely bright lemon-yellow nearly up to the level of the
antenne, the upper edge of the yellow straight right across the face, the
yellow projecting above this only for a short distance, very narrowly, on
orbital margins. The supraclypeal yellow area is about square. The
labrum is also yellow, as well as part of the mandibles without. . There
is an impressed line down the middle of the clypeus, failing anteriorly.
Face with large scattered punctures, almost lacking on supraclypeal area
and close to the impressed line of clypeus ; front, vertex and cheeks
closely punctured. Pubescence of head and thorax sparse, tinged
yellowish ; anterior sides of clypeus with long white, very distinctly
plumose hairs. Mesothorax shining, with distinct, rather close punctures,
parapsidal grooves distinct. Scutellum with large, not very close,
punctures. Base of metathorax transversely wrinkled, the area behind
this not smooth, but minutely roughened. Sides of metathorax fringed
with hairs. ‘Tubercles with a chrome-yellow spot, tegule shining
testaceous. Wings yellowish-hyaline, nervures and stigma dark chestnut-
brown, costal nervures black, marginal cell unusually long, 2nd submar-
ginal narrowed one-half to marginal. Legs black, with the knees, the
anterior tibiz in front, a spot at base and apex of middle tibiz, nearly
the basal third and the apical eighth of hind tibiz, pale orange. Tarsi
pale orange, the terminal joints darkened. Claws long and curved, only
cleft at extreme tips. The hind legs are very long ; the middle tibie are
very short, hardly half as long as the hind tibia. Abdomen long and
slender, black, the bases of the segments after the first with a fine light
pile, very noticeable when the insect is held sideways. Dorsal surface of
abdomen, except the broad impressed apical margins of the segments,
finely and closely punctured, the punctures extremely small and close,
except on the first segment.
Habitat.—Santa Fé, New Mexico ; Aug. 2nd, 1895 ; given to me by
V. Boyle, with the statement that it was caught on Cleome serrudlata.
By its face-markings this resembles C. compositarum, Rob., but it
differs at once from that in its less densely punctured mesothorax,'and
the longer marginal cell,
162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NEW HAMPSHIRE HESPERID.
BY W. F. FISKE, MAST YARD, N. H.
All of the following species occur in the town of Webster, about ten
miles north-west of Concord :—
Carterocephalus Mandan, Edw.—This is one of the rarest species
in this section. It occurs in but one locality—a grassy bank by the road-
side. Middle of June.
Ancyloxypha Numitor, Fab.—Common around very wet, grassy
swamps in June and again in August.
Pamphila Hobomok, Harris.—One of the most common ; the third
Pamphila to make its appearance in the spring, usually about the first of
June. Very general in its habit, frequenting both wet and dry land, but
preferring a moist, bushy pasture, with plenty of bramble blossoms.
Var. FPocohontas, Scud.—Appears about a week later than Hobomok.
Rather scarce.
Pamphila Sassacus, Harris.—The second Pamphila to make its
appearance in the spring, about a week before Hobomok. Common.
Pamphila Metea, Scud.—The earliest Pamphila, appearing about
May 15th. It frequents very dry, sandy land, where little vegetation
exists, except ‘‘ bunch grass” and sweet fern. The former—scientific
name unknown, but variously known as ‘bunch grass,” ‘‘ wolf grass,”
‘‘hassock grass ””—is very probably the food plant. Owing to its early
appearance and peculiar haunts, it long escaped the notice of previous
collectors in this section. One brood only observed.
Pamphila Leonardus, Harris.—The last butterfly to emerge as a
first brood. Somewhat common in clover fields last of August and first
of September, but rather hard to capture in good condition. With ~
exception of Cernes, it is the most difficult Pamphi/a to approach when
not feeding.
Pamphila Otho, var. Egeremet, Scud.—Rather scarce, frequenting
moist roadsides and bushy pastures. First specimen appearing about
July roth. I have a curious specimen (a @), probably a variation
of this species, in which the spots on both sides of the primaries are
larger and more sharply defined, and there is a row of four or five faint
spots on the upper side of the secondaries. The clouded band or row of
spots on the under side of the secondaries is condensed into a row of
distinct small spots, giving it a very different general appearance,
——————
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163
Pamphila Peckius, Kirby.—One of the most common, about equally
common with Cernes, Metacomet, and Hobomok. Three broods: it
accompanies Mystic in June, Metacomet in July, and Leonardus in
August and September. A few specimens on the wing as late as October,
which may be fragments of a fourth brood. There is a rather scarce
form in which the yellow spot on the under side of the secondaries is
divided quite in two, and another form in which the spots on the upper
side of the secondaries are missing, giving the male—were it not for the
stigma—a very close resemblance to Cernes on the upper side.
Pamphila Mystic, Scud.—The most common. Appears about June
5th and again, though very rarely, about September rst. The male varies
considerably ; in many cases, when superficially observed, closely resem-
bling Sassacus.
Pamphila Cernes, Edw.—Common ; appearing about June 15th and
again, though rarely, in August. There are probably more variations in this
species than in any other native one. One of the most odd is a female
in which the subapical spots are entirely wanting and the others are very
much reduced in size.
Pamphila Manataagua, Scud.—Rather rare. July roth to August.
All the males yet taken have had a row of four or five indistinct spots on
the upper side of the secondaries, but not always on the under side. As
is the rule with most species of butterflies, the males appear some time
before the females.
Pamphila Metacomet, Harris.—Common; about June 2oth or 25th to
middle of July. Female varies much in the number and size of the white
spots. I have seen specimens of Cernes, Metacomet, and Limacula
(with the white fringe worn off ) which it would be almost impossible to
tell apart without examining the under sides. I once observed a very
ardent courtship carried on by a male Peckius towards a female JZetacomet.
The female, however, seemed to be a little disgusted with her admirer,
and kept flying about from point to point. The Peckius followed her,
however, until an unintentional movement on my part frightened it away.
Speaking of inter-special matings, a person who, though not an
entomologist, has observed butterflies a good deal, and helped me not a
little, solemnly affirmed that he had seen an Argynnis Ldalia in coitu
with Phyciodes, sp. This is “coming it a little too strong.”
Pamphila Bimacula, G. and R.—Somewhat common in very wet
meadows, in June and July. The 9%’s are apparently much in excess,
164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
contrary to the general rule. It flies with a long, straight flight peculiar
to this species, dropping suddenly into the grass, and hard to observe
unless flushed, owing to its colour being so like the stubble. Because of
its peculiar habits it might, like Pam. AZetea, pass as a great rarity. It
has frequently been observed by me feeding on the flowers of Arethusa, a
very fragrant orchid growing in wet meadows among the grass, and later
in the season on swamp milkweed.
Pamphila Delaware, Edw.—One specimen only. July roth, 1894.
Wet meadow.
Amblyscirtes Vialis, Edw.—Somewhat common. May and June.
Amblyscirtes Samoset, Scud.—Not nearly as common as Via/is, and
not on the wing so early.
LVisoniades Brizo, Bd.—Lec.—Scarce. Early June.
LVisoniades Icelus, Lint—Common. May, June. It is very pos-
sible, as I have given this species very little study, that there may be
another speciés in company with it. According to Scudder, Lucidius
should be found here.
Wisoniades Persius, Scud.—Scarce in July and August. Probably a
second brood, but as it would be difficult to distinguish from Zcedus on
the wing, the first brood might easily escape notice.
Nisoniades Juvenalis, Fabr.--Somewhat common in June.
Eudamus Pylades, Scud.—Very common in June.
Eudamus Bathyllus, Sm. and Abb.—While looking over a series of
native Py/ades this winter my attention was struck by the appearance of
a specimen which Mr. Skinner pronounces to be Lathyllus. I remem-
ber nothing about the capture of the specimen, and never having looked
for the species, or expected to meet with it so far north, I can say noth-
ing as to its habits or numbers. :
Ludamus Tityrus, Fabr.—Formerly scarce, but of late years com-
mon. ‘The last season it was as common as Pylades. I have frequently
noticed the female hovering over patches of wild bean (Phareolus
perennis), but not until last season did I find larvee on this plant. Out
of several such larve one Zityrus emerged this winter from a forced pupa.
I have also seen larve on garden beans, which were probably this species.
There are several more species of Hesperide which ought to be
found in this locality, but the preceding are all that I have met with. If
the season of 1896 is a good one, I hope ere it closes to add something
to the knowledge of this family.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165
ON TWO INTERESTING NEW GENERA OF SCALE INSECT
PARASITES,
BY L. 0. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Nearly all the Chaicidid parasites of Coccide belong to the sub-
families Aphelininz and Encyrtinz. So universal is this rule that it is
remarkable to rear anything else from a Coccid (excluding, of course,
hyperparasites)*. One or two Mymarids and the species of the curious
subfamily Signiphorine live in the eggs of scale insects, and we are just
beginning to realize that there is a peculiar group of genera allied to the
old subfamily Pireninz which also have this habit.
The first of these insects to be recognized as a primary scale insect
parasite was a species of the genus Zomocera described by the writer in
1880 and reared from Lecanium olee from California. This name in
1885 was changed to Délophogaster on account of the occurrence in
Thysanura of a genus Zomocerus. In the meantime, however, Cameron had
erected for the same form, from specimens received from the Hawaiian
Islands, his genus JZoranil/a. According to the present rules of classi-
fication, however, Zomocera may stand in spite of its identical etymo-
logical signifiance with Zomocerus.
Another of these genera was described by Dr. Riley in 1890 as
Ophelosia from specimens reared from J/cerya purchasi in Queensland.
A third—Walker’s genus Lwmotus—has recently been found by Mr. W.
G. Johnson to be parasitic upon Lecanium scales in Illinois, as pointed
out by the writer in Technical Bulletin No. 1, Division of Entomology,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, and a fourth—Scute//ista, Mots.—has
been found by Dr. Berlese to parasitize Ceroplastes scales in Italy.
This form has been redescribed with synonymical notes by the writer in
the “ Revista di Patologia Vegetale.”
Aside from the matter of tibial armature, these genera seem closely
allied and to possess on the whole strong mutual affinities. The shape of
the head, its acute occipital margin, the mesonotal characters, the 10-jointed
(2) and g-jointed (¢) antenne, the greatly enlarged second segment of
the abdomen, together with other characters point to a subfamily not yet
recognized in our classification of the Chalcidide, and the uniform
Coccid-feeding habit binds the group still more closely together.
* Representatives Of Pachyneuron, Euneura, and Hypsicamara have been reared
from Coccidze, but those of Pachyneuron are almost certainly hyperparasites, and the
‘others may be; while the species of Zetrastichus quite commonly so reared are un-
doubtedly secondary,
166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
In view of these facts, the receipt of two additional allied genera, also
Coccid-feeders, and undescribed, from Mr. W. Maskell, of New Zealand,
becomes a matter of considerable interest.
APHOBEIUS, N. g.
Female.—Antenne to-jointed, clavate, inserted just above clypeus,
scape slender, not reaching to middle ocellus, pedicel long, three times
as long as first funicle joint, funicle joints 2 to 5 increasing slightly in
length and considerably in width, club ovate, slightly broader than funicle
joint 5 and longer than 4 and 5 together. Eyes naked; parapsidal
sutures meeting axillar sutures; scutellum broad at base, with a distinct
transverse groove at apical third. Petiole broad, distinct, abdomen with-
out the white basal tufts characteristic of Zomocera, second segment
very long, three times as long as remaining segments together. Marginal
vein of fore wings somewhat longer than stigmal, postmarginal evident,
but shorter than stigma! ; basal nervure distinct. Hind wings broad and
furnished with a strong basal vein running nearly at right angles into
disc of wing for some little distance at extremity of submarginal. Hind
cox somewhat swollen, middle tibize with a moderate spur, hind tibiz
with a very long spur, a little longer than first tarsal joint.
Mad/e.—Differs mainly in antennz, which are g-jointed ; scape longer
than in the female, pedicel somewhat swollen, joints 1 to 4 of funicle
with long hairs, strongly incised from above at extremities and each joint
slightly pedicillate ; joint r longest, twice as long as pedicel, joints 2, 3
and 4 each becoming shorter, club somewhat ovate, with its first joint
distinctly separated and as a whole longer than funicle joint 4, but
shorter than 3 and 4 together. Body flat, abdomen somewhat elongate,
second segment somewhat longer than remaining joints together.
Aphobetus Maskelli, n sp.
Female.—Length, 1.16 mm. ; expanse, 2.4 mm. ; greatest width of
fore wings,.51mm. General colour blue-black, slightly metallic, glistening.
Face with faint shallow, sparse depressions ; mesoscutum delicately sha-
greened, abdomen smooth, shining, hairs of mesonotum black, fimbria of
metanotum rather sparse, grayish; pleura shining; antenne honey-
yellow, with pedicel and scape above darker ; all coxze and femora black,
the latter yellowish at tip; all tibie dark in middle, yellowish at either
end ; wing veins dark brown, except basal vein of fore wings, which is
lighter ; fore wings with circular fuscous patch occupying centre of wing.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167
Male.—Somewhat slenderer than female, but about same length ;
sculpturing identical, antennze jet black, legs coloured as with female.
One female, four males, reared by W. M. Maskell, New Zealand,
from Ctenochiton viridis. This is probably the insect figured by Mr.
Maskell on Plate XXIII. of his “Scale Insects of New Zealand,” 1887.
ANYSIS, n. g.
Female.—Antenne as with Aphodetus, except that funicle joint 2 is
twice as long as 1; 3, 4 and 5 subequal in length, increasing in width,
and each slightly shorter than 2. Eyes naked; head very broad ; occi-
put strongly concave, its superior margin acute. Thorax well arched ;
parapsidal sutures meeting axillar sutures; scutellum broad at base,
somewhat lengthened, extending over metanotum to vertical plane of
base of abdomen, not cross-furrowed. Petiole distinct but very short ;
abdomen without basal tufts ; second segment scarcely hali the length of
abdomen. Marginal vein of fore wings three times longer than stigmal,
postmarginal about as long as stigmal or slightly shorter; basal nervure
not distinct. Basal nervure of hind wings extending at an acute angle
toward base of wing. Spur of hind tibia short.
Anysis australiensis, nN. Sp.
Female.—Length, 1.7 mm.; expanse, 3.8 mm.; greatest width of
fore wings, .74mm. General colour blue-black, slightly metallic, glistening.
Head and thorax with short, sparse, yellowish pile ; face delicately sha-
greened and with fine sparse punctures ; mesonotum similarly punctured ;
metanotum, pleura, and abdomen smooth; metanotum with a median
longitudinal rounded carina. Antenne light brown, tip of club darker,
pedicel and tip of scape above black ; all femora nearly black in middle,
lighter at either end ; tibiz brown. Wing veins dark brown, fore wings
infuscated, hind wings hyaline.
Three females received from Mr. W. M. Maskell with the following
note: ‘‘ With a very curious new Coccid from West Australia, genus
not yet determined ; probably allied to Eriococcus.”
Miss ORMEROD, who was for some years Consulting Entomologist to
the Government, her knowledge of the insect world. being unapproached
by any other living authority, has now received the distinction of being
appointed an examiner in this branch of agricultural science at Edinburgh
University.—///ustrated London News.
168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
CORRESPONDENCE.
THE MUTILLID GENUS CHYPHOTES.
On Aug. 21, 1894, I found at Santa Fé a specimen of Chyphotes,
which I thought might prove to be a new species, as the legs are brown,
with the femora and tibiz, except their ends, black. The abdomen is
also more elongate than in Blake’s figures of C. e/evatus, and the third
‘segment is fuscous. The length of the insect is g mm. Mr. Fox, after
comparing it with Blake’s types, is persuaded that it is only a form of
elevatus. It follows the rule already observed in certain bees of the
genus /erdita, that individuals from higher elevations are darker.
The most curious thing developing from the examination of this
specimen was, that Blake’s account of the palpi of Chyphotes is all
wrong. My example has the palpi honey-colour, maxillary palpi 6-jointed,
lateral palpi 4-jointed. Formula for maxillary palpi 3 (46) (25) 1.
Second joint of lateral palpi broadened. When I called Mr. Fox’s atten-
tion to this, he wrote back that C. elevatus was really similar, the
description being wrong. T. D. A. COCKERELL.
PROPOSED BIOLOGICAL STATION.
The undersigned has it in view to found in New Mexico a Biological
Station, and health and holiday resort for scientific persons, teachers, and
kindred spirits. Ne loafers would be admitted, nor persons whose health
was so poor as to prevent them from working.
Practically no funds are at present available, but it is hoped that
if a very modest start is made, the means may in time be found to put
the institution on a secure and permanent basis.
In such an establishment, scientific work may be carried on without
any fear of interference by politicians and other self-interested or ignorant
_ persons ; while the Station might also come to be recognized as an
independent educational centre, helping to promote the best interests of
education in the broadest sense, as well as those of pure science.
The promoter hapes to be able, sooner or later, to secure the
co-operation of a number of persons who will engage in the work for its
own sake, and will not object to necessary privations or be afraid of the
inevitable difficulties. Without enthusiasm, nothing can be done.
Three years’ experience in this country gives the writer the highest
opinion of the value of the climate for persons in the earlier stages of
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169
phthisis (as he was himself when he came here); while the abundance of
new and interesting forms of life, especially among the insects, is remark-
able. Many interesting general problems, such as those of the life-
zones, can also be studied in New Mexico to great advantage.
A beginning will be made this summer if students can be found.
The undersigned will be glad to hear from any who are interested in the
matter, and especially from those who might be inclined to work with
him for longer or shorter periods during the present summer.
T. D. A. CocKERELL,
May 4, 1896. Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S. A.
A MOTH OUT OF PLACE.
There has been added to the Society’s collection a moth of more
than ordinary interest. I sent to Prof. J. B. Smith, for determination,
a box of specimens which were to me either new or doubtful. He kindly
and promptly returned the same with the names of all except one, which
was a Plusia quite new to him, and retained it for further study. In the
letter to me accompanying the names, the Professor remarked: ‘No. 12
( Teniocampa vegeta) is rather a surprise to me from your locality. Of
course, it is not a Twniocampa, but it has been so described.” He then
referred me to his catalogue of the Noctuidz (Bulletin 44, of the U.S. N.
M.) for what was known concerning the species. So I turned to it and
found this on page 207:
** T. vegeta, Morr.
“1875. Morr., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci, XXVII., 432, Zeeniocampa.
‘“* Habitat.—Texas.
‘** The type is in the Tepper collection. A correctly named specimen
is also in the British Museum, from the Grote collection. The species is
not a Zentocampa, and probably belongs to the fasciate ; but in default
of sufficient study to place it certainly, I leave it here for the present.
Mr. Slingerland has called my attention to the fact that Cissusa spadix, of
Cramer, heretofore referred as a synonym of Drasteria erechtea, is a
distinct species. On examination I find this to be the fact, and it is more
than likely that it will prove the same as the above species. Material for
study is lacking, therefore the reference can not be positively made.”
So it yet remains inaccurately placed from want of sufficient material
for study. It seems also to have got far away from its supposed proper
‘place of residence. Taken in London, at electric light, about the middle
of April, 1896. J. Auston Morrart.
170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BOOK NOTICES.
THE TAXONOMIC VALUE OF THE ANTENN OF LEPIDOPTERA. By Don-
ALDSON BoDINE, TRANS. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
XXIII., pp. 1-56, PLATES I.-V., 1896.
Mr. Bodine finds good characters in the finer external structure of
the antennee, especially the sculpturing and the distribution of the differ-
ent types of sensory hairs. Prof. Comstock’s suborders are abundantly
confirmed. Notonly does Mr. Bodine find that the antennz of Hepza/us
and MMuicropteryx separate them sharply from all the frenate, but he
considers the jugate even more nearly allied to the Zrichoptera than to
the other Lepidoptera. Mr. Bodine does not attempt a rigid classifica-
tion of the frenatee on antennal characters which would have been
desirable ; but draws attention to a number of special affinities. The
only one of these which is at all disturbing to the most recent views is
that which implies a close relationship between the Sphingide and
Seszideé (p. 36). In spite of the close similarity in structure of the
antenne, I do not think that this view which derives the Sphingide from
the Seszzd@, and therefore from the Tineids, will obtain. There seem to
be too many objections on other grounds. Harrison G. Dyar.
THE CRAMBIDZ OF NorTH AMERICA, by C. H. Fernald, A. M., Ph. D.,
Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1896.
This little book of less than one hundred pages is really an admir-
able monograph of this family of Grass-moths. In the introduction, the
author briefly relates the injury that is often done by these insects to
grass crops, and mentions some of the natural enemies that keep them in
check. He then gives an historical account of the family in the writings
of Entomologists, and after a chapter on the external anatomy, proceeds
to give descriptions of the genera and species, including the preparatory
stages as far as known. The synoptical tables of genera and species are
excellent, and afford a ready means of identifying a specimen when
made use of in connection with the clear and concise descriptions and
the beautiful illustrations. Besides a few wood-cuts in the text, there are
three plates depicting the anatomy and wing venation of the family, and
six exquisite coloured plates of the species. We trust that collectors will
now be induced to study this family, as the way has been made so easy
for them, and then be encouraged to investigate other families of Micro-
lepidoptera.
Mailed June 4th.
Fo ttae ee
Ae anaeliay a
Vor. XXVIIL LONDON, jJUES 1896. No. Ve
THE COLEOP ThE RA ORR AN. A De Au
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
XVII, THE CHRYSOMELIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC—( Continued ).
TrigeE VII.—EuMo-pPIinl.
A large group, containing numerous genera and species ; the North
American forms have been recently studied by Dr. Horn, and the follow-
ing generic table is a condensation, with a few modifications, of the one
given by him,
A. Anterior margin of prothorax beneath arcuate, forming post-ocular
lobes.
b, Body above pubescent or scaly.
Thorax without distinct lateral margin...............Adoxus.
Thorax with distinct lateral margin, size rather large. G/yAtosce/is.
bb. Body above glabrous.
c. Small species (not above .16 in.) ........ :../.. Zypophorus.
cc. Larger (above .zo in.)
Claws simply divergent, legs dark............ Chrysochus.
Claws divaricate, legs testaceous................ Zymmes.
AA. Anterior margin of prothorax beneath straight.
d. Thorax without distinct lateral margin.
Not metallic above ; thorax transverse, third antennal joint not
looser mianhie SCCOHG..... .. }.. ceteris.) Mamehouse.
Dreesline SeCKADOVE! A. -§..'.. 2... epee) ©. GTOPROPS.
dd. Thorax margined.
e. Head with distinct supra-orbital grooves, middle and hind tibize
emarginate near the apex...................Metachroma.
ee. Head without supra-orbital grooves.
f. Lateral margin of prothorax irregular or undulating.
Prosternum narrow, contracted between the coxe. Colasfis.
Prosternum wide, sides nearly parallel... .. Rhabdopterus.
ff. Lateral margin of prothorax regular and entire ; third joint
of antenne distinctly longer than the second, the outer five
joints not abruptly wider.,...., reresevess ++ LVodonota.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
=
cs |
bo
Apoxus, Kirby.
Represented by A. obscurus, Linn., var. vitis, Fabr., a broad-
shouldered insect about .20 to .25 in. long; the thorax dark brownish
or black and much narrower than the yellowish elytra, which are punctate
in rows and clothed with a fine whitish pubescence. Legs dark, tibiz
paler. The typical obscurus has the elytra dark, unicolorous with the
thorax.
GLYPTOSCELIS, Lec.
The only record is of G. pudescens, Fabr., a rather large (about .35
in.) insect of somewhat parallel form and green-bronze colour, clothed
with a pubescence of mixed cinereous and yellowish hairs. The thorax
and elytra are confusedly and distinctly punctured ; the neighbourhood of
the scutellum has a depressed space. Legs more or less reddish.
TypopHorus, Er.
T. canellus, Fabr., is one of the most variable of our Chrysomelide.
It is a small insect; not exceeding .16 in. in length; the thorax narrower
than the elytra, which are distinctly punctured in rows. Surface shining,
In colour there is such a variation as to have given rise to several varietal
names, aterrima, Oliv., having been applied to an entirely black form.
The name gwofatus, Say, belongs to a variety with black thorax and
spotted elytra, while ¢-guttatus, Lec., has a yellow or reddish thorax and
spotted elytra. Others occur, but not having been recorded from the
region under consideration, they are passed by for the present. A full
account of them will be found in Dr. Horn’s paper.
Curysocuus, Redt,
A common species on the Doy’s-bane (a milk-weed) is C. auratus,
Fabr., a large green-bronze beetle, about .40 in. long, often with the most
brillant golden reflections. The body is rather more elongate in form
’ than the preceding species and very convex. There is also a record of
C. cobaltinus, Lec. (properly a Pacific Coast species), which is of blue
colour, sometimes with a touch of green.
Tymnes, Chap.
L. tricolor, Fabr., is a rather brilliant beetle, about .25 in. long,
metallic green or bronzed in colour, the legs almost always reddish or
yellowish, the upper lip pale. Elytra coarsely punctured, acute at apex ;
“anal segment often pale, especially in the males, in which sex that seg-
ment is broadly emarginate and with a transverse depression” (Horn).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1738
XANTHONIA, Baly.
Here belong two Canadian species. ‘They are small beetles with
broad elytra and narrower thorax, as in Adoxus, the upper surface finely
pubescent. Dr. Horn separates them thus :—
Punctures of elytra very confused, with a feeble seriate tendency
towards the sides ; elytra usually dull ochreous with piceous spots,
but sometimes entirely fulvous. .12in...... .decemnotata, Say.
Punctures of elytra much finer and arranged in regular series,
but slightly confused near the suture ; colour usually pale fulvous,
varying pee ape brown or piceous, not oo
gt en Sik .. villosula, Mels.
With the Tag species is Anited Xx. Steadaee Baly.
GRAPHOPS, Lec.
Small species of more than usually cylindrical form and metallic
green or coppery colours. The prothorax is rugose, at least on the sides,
and the elytra pubescent with rather large striz composed of distant
punctures. The two species from the region under consideration are :—
Larger (.16 in.). Prothorax punctured, rugose at
7 Se Rae ie ae WP Are 0%. . . pubescens, Mels.
Smaller (.10 in.). eneiorae Pigocele punctured over
tieomvigole disk. fos, Cy. 1... oS aay meee womneepennis,. Mels.
Meracuroma, Lec.
Contains species which resemble in form the well-known Zypophorus,
but with post-ocular lobes. Two are found in Eastern Canada.
Posterior femora simple; thorax densely punctate, somewhat strigose ;
usually black, elytra sometimes with a humeral and apical spot
(occasionally united along the Begs dull red. Legs pale in
Northern specimens. .12-.14 in. ee .guercatum, Fabr.
Posterior femora with a small bath’ on oe Sane about one-third
from the knee ; thorax scarcely at all punctate ; colour variable,
from entirely pale through forms with black thorax, suture and
elytral spots to those completely black excepting the legs.
See eMart CMe N. Ww. ok oe A ele ee ED IOSUM Say.
-Co.aspis, Fabr.
Here belongs C. drunnea, Fabr. (sui//a of the Society’s List), a pale
brownish or yellowish beetle, of oblong-oval form, the elytra costate, the
174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
spaces between these cost being occupied by two irregular rows of
coarse, deep punctures. It is extremely variable and the varieties have
received names as follows: sw//a, Fabr., is applied to the form in
which the head and thorax are brown with slight metallic lustre ; cos¢z-
pennis, Cr. ( Crotchit, Lefvr.), to those specimens with brilliantly metallic
head and thorax and brown elytra with yellow coste ; while flavida, Say,
is the yellowish - testaceous form,
merely a little darker beneath.
[Horn.] Length, .16-.24 in. Fig.
17 represents C. flavida, natural
size and magnified. Fig. 18, the
larva, highly magnified.
RHABDOPTERUS, Lefvr.
The insect formerly known in
collections as Colaspis pratexta, Say, has been re-
ferred to this genus, and Dr. Horn has substituted
the older name, fzczpes, Oliv., therefor. It will there- .
fore stand as Rhabdopterus picipes, Oliv. It is a rather Fig, 18.
brilliant bronzed or greenish insect, .16-.20 in. long, of oblong-oval form,
very convex above. The antenne are testaceous with darker tip, under
surface of body greenish, abdomen brown, tip paler, legs testaceous.
Elytra with coarse, irregular punctures on the disk, apex substriate.
Fig. 17.
Noponorta, Lefor.
Includes species formerly placed in Co/aspis. Our species are all
rather small insects, of convex form, something like Co/asfzs, but shorter
in proportion; in colour more or less metallic, bluish or greenish, legs
piceous or testaceous. Dr. Horn separates the three species (formerly
recognized only as varieties) found in our region as follows :—
Form short, oval, punctuation of prothorax simple.
Upper surface shining ; metasternum not punctate at
SIES, .,..2T=,05 Uses oe gels + wc elonede eta, b/s nan a err
Upper surface dull ; metasternum coarsely punctate
at sides.< .15—:18 IMs coh ge acie oc a pe eles ots 0905 one
Form oblong, subparallel, punctuation of prothorax substrigose ;
elytra with distinct costa behind the umbone.
SIQSTGAN cae bw eves selecss nee a0 be slegee » «fet i. rere
THE CANADIAN ENYOMOLOGIST. Dye
MR. A. BOLTER.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK.
Hepialus hyperboreus, Moschler.
This species exhibits a well-marked local variation. Before dis-
cussing this I would correct the account in Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., IL.,
168, in respect to the synonymy of confusus. This form is really the
same as roseicaput, N. & D., as the description shows. How we were
misled into referring the name as a strict synonym, I cannot now recall.
It may be well, moreover, to retain a distinct name for the American
form until its life-history is known and we can be certain whether it is or
is not the same as the European gazva.
ff. hyperboreus occurs throughout the northern and mountainous
parts of North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It is recorded
from Labrador [Moschler]; Mt. Washington, N. H. [Mrs. Slosson] ;
Colorado [Grote]; Calgary, Alberta [Wolley Dod]; Sierras of California
[Hy. Edw.]; Vancouver I., B. C. [Bolter]; Cascade Range, B C.
[Neum. & Dyar]; and Alaska [H. Edw. ].
The colour of primaries is brown, varying from dark to pinkish or
yellowish-brown ; the silvery markings are complete in all the specimens
from the Rocky Mountains and eastward and south of Oregon. In the
Northwest, the silvery marks begin to be distinctly replaced by the
blackish shades which form their borders in specimens from Vancouver
Island (Afatthewi). In the Cascades and Alaska the specimens have no
silvery marks, but are banded only with smoky blackish. The size of
the specimens is variable. The largest that I have seen is Mrs. Slosson’s
example from Mt. Washington (50 mm.), and the smallest are some of the
specimens of M/cGlashani (30 mm.). The usual size is close to 40 mm.,
ranging larger in the East. From present information, I would arrange
the varieties and synonymy thus :—
HEPIALUS HYPERBOREUS (ganna of Europe ?).
hyperboreus, Moschler, 1862.. Labrador and Mt. Washington ; ex-
panse, 40-50 mm.
pulcher, Grote, 1864. Colorado, and Alberta, Canada ; expanse,
36-38 mm.
McGlashani, Hy. Edw., 1886. Truckee, California ; expanse, 30-39
mm,
176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
intergrade, MATTHEWI.
Matthewi, Hy. Edw., 1874. Vancouver Island, B..C.; expanse,
35-41 mm.
local race, CONFUSUS.
confusus, Hy. Edw., 1884. Alaska ; expanse, 44 mm.
roseicaput, Neum. & Dyar, 1893. Cascade Range, B. C.; expanse,
33 mm.
SYNOPSIS :
Yellowish or reddish-brown, full silvery white marks... .yperboreus.
Reddish-brown, the ground colour irregular or spotted with yellowish ;
silvery marks more or less replaced by smoky black... . AZatthew2.
Pinkish or yellowish - brown, white marks all replaced by smoky
black Steg: s.6 Bi is eee ie «5 ei ene ee
Alexicles aspersa, Grote.
A fresh specimen from Las Vegas, N. M. (The type is rubbed.)
Thorax thickly haired, dark gray-brown, touched with white at the
bases of the anterior wings, along the collar on the sides below the fore
wings ; eyes posteriorly margined with red. Upper side of all the femora
and the tips of the tibia and the tarsal joints bright red. Abdomen
bright red above except at base and a series of dorsal dark brown spots;
gray-brown below, the last two segments tipped with whitish. Fore wings
rather thin, grayish-brown, with five transverse rows of dark brown spots
and a large discal spot, cutting the otherwise white veins. Expanse, 32 mm.
Macrurocampa Dorothea, n. sp. (Fig. 19.)
Primaries ash-gray with a lilac tint, composed of black and gray
scales, quite uniform, without any contrasting pale shades. Basal space
up to the t. a. line shaded with blackish-gray, filled in uniformly except
the extreme base, which is pale, and a distinct longitudinal black line -
along vein 1 to the t. a. line, bordered on its lower side by an ochreous
_shade. T. a. line bounding the dark space,
LEG “ geminate, obscure, blackish, outwardly an-
* gled on median vein and inwardly in sub-
median space. Discal spot lunate, black,
confined to the cross-vein. Beyond it the
faint, narrow, wavy, black t. p. line crosses
the wing, paralleled by a fainter median shade
through the aiceal dot itself and beyond by a row of small venular black
dots, the three lines ending on the internal margin in a darker shade of
ee a ee
|
:
;
.
4
3
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177
the ground colour. In the interspace of veins 3-4 and 6-7 basally, a
triangular patch of the same ochreous tint as borders the basal longi-
tudinal line below. Subterminally a distinct black band issues from the
apex, slightly toothed outwardly on the veins, inwardly on the interspaces,
and proceeds to vein 4, where it is interrupted ; but reappears at vein 3,
curving inward and reaching a little way along submedian fold, where it
ends. Terminal field gray, scarcely lighter than the general ground,
irrorate with black. Fringe dark, with obscure venular spottings. Ab-
domen and secondaries smoky gray, secondaries whitish at basal half.
Thorax dark iron-gray, black and white hairs intermixed, the head and
under side of thorax paler.
Type, one female. Las Vegas, New Mexico; collection of Mr. A.
Bolter, Chicago.
The only Southern species which seems to approach this form is
LTeterocampa surinamensis, Moschler.
NOTE ON TRIGONOGENIUS FARCTUS.
BY E, A. SCHWARZ, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Thirty years ago Dr. Leconte described (New Species, Smithson,
Misc. Coll., 167, p. 100) the Ptinid Zrigonogenius farctus from specimens
received from San Francisco, Cala. Most specimens in our cabinets
come from the same locality, but I have seen others from Alameda and
Los Gatos, Cala. The collectors of the specimens never published any-
thing on its mode of occurrence, and I fail to find in the literature a single
record of its habits. Quite recently, however, Dr. James Fletcher, while
on a visit to Washington, D. C., showed me two species of Coleoptera
found living in red pepper, in Victoria, Br. Col. One is Zrtbolium ferru-
gineum, a common cosmopolitan Tenebrionid, which has been found
before under similar conditions; but the second species proves to be
Trigonogenius farctus. Several specimens of this were obtained, thus
showing that its occurrence in the pepper was not accidental, and I have
no doubt that upon further research the earlier stages of the beetle can
also be found in the pepper. [Larve of all sizes and cocoons with pup
in them occurred in this consignment of pepper, which was sent to me by
Mr. E. A. Carew-Gibson, of Victoria, B.C.—J. F.] Dr. Fletcher informed
me that Victoria gets much produce from San Francisco, and we may
178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
thus infer that the infested red pepper came from that place. On this and
various other points connected with the economy of this species, Dr.
Fletcher will no doubt be able to furnish further information.
Various Ptinid beetles, ¢. ¢., Ptinus fur, Sitodrepa panicea, Lasio-
derma serricorne, are very fond of red pepper, and the occurrence of
Trigonogenius in this substance is therefore not surprising, but it brings
up another point for consideration. All insects which we find in this
country living in groceries, drugs, etc., are of foreign origin, or at least do
not belong to the Nearctic fauna. The insects native to North America
do not seem to be able, or are not inclined, to adopt this mode of life, and
thus it may be questioned whether Z7rzgonogenius farctus really belongs
to our fauna. Its general appearance certainly bespeaks a foreign origin.
The genus Trigonogenius, as restricted by recent authors, contains only
two described species: Z: globudum, Sol., from Chili, and Z: sgualidus,
Boield., from New Grenada*, and upon comparing the original descriptions
the identity of our species with Z: ¢/obu/um appears to me quite possible.
I have, however, not seen Solier’s figure, and a comparison with the type
is apparently necessary to decide this question.
The mere feeding of these beetles and their larvee cannot be said to
injure the red pepper, which does not lose its pungent quality by passing
through the bodies of insects. But should the Trigonogenius be very
numerous, the presence of the silken pupal cocoons would cause some
inconvenience and loss.
While speaking of imported Ptinide, I would add that at least two
Old World species are most likely to find their way to North America
sooner or later. One is JViptus griseofuscus, DeGeer (Ptinus crenatus,.
Fabr.), which appears to be a native of Europe, where it commonly
occurs in old straw in cellars and stables. The other species is WVzptus
hololeucus, readily known by the appressed golden-yellow pubescence
covering the entire body. It is probably a native of Asia Minor, whence
it was imported into Great Britain about sixty years ago. It occurs now
at many points in Western and Central Europe, not only living in all sorts
of spices and drugs, but also proving to be injurious in various ways, It
would be a most undesirable addition to our fauna.
*The two species described and figured by Gorham in Biol. Centr. Amer, are
certainly not congeneric with 7, globulum
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179
THE SMALLER BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FOUND
IN NEW MEXICO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, NEW MEXICO,
None of the species herein described or listed are as much as 10
mm. long.
t. Marginal cell truncate.
The species of this section are not true Amdrena, but will form a
distinct genus, apparently as near to Prosapis as to Andrena. ‘Two of
the larger species, A. asclepiadis, Ckll., and A. mexicanorum, Ckll., are
congeneric. I have before me also a species from Texas.*
i. ‘Tarsi piceous in female.
Andrena trifoliata, n. sp.—@. Length nearly 1o mm. Closely
similar in all respects to A. mauru/a, but differing in being slightly
smaller, the eyes dull slate colour, not at all greenish; the clypeal mark
smaller, paler, and more distinctly trilobed; the front more sparsely
punctured, with minute punctures between the large ones ; the last 6 or
7 joints of the flagellum becoming testaceous ; the wings not rufescent,
but the apical half slightly smoky; the third submarginal cell more
narrowed above, the first recurrent nervure entering the second submar-
ginal cell at the end of its second third; the legs black ; the abdomen
with the basal white hair-bands on segments 3 and 4 entire ; the hairs on
venter very few, and whitish. The metathorax and postscutellum are
quite black, not at all brownish. The pale, cream-coloured face-mark is
shaped something like a vine leaf.
*Andrena maurula, n. sp.—Female. Length nearly 1o mm. Black, no more
pubescent than a Prosafis, strongly punctured. Head broader than long, face very
broad ; eyes rather small, dull olive green ; clypeus arcuate below, its upper half, just
enclosing the black dots, and extending as a rounded lobe downwards in the median
line, pale primrose yellow. A very narrow, sometimes interrupted, pale yellow supra-
clypeal transverse mark. Labrum prominent, truncate, with a small longitudinal
keel Clypeus with large but rather sparse punctures, median line impunctate. Front
and vertex closely punctured. Antenne short, dark brown, scape punctured, Thorax
somewhat shining, bare except the minutely pubescent hind border of prothorax, lower
part of pleura, and lateral angles of metathorax Median and parapsidal grooves distinct.
Mesothorax and scutellum strongly and closely punctured ; postscutellum and meta-
thorax slightly brownish, coarsely granular, or so closely punctured as to seem so ;
metathorax with a deep pit, enclosure not defined, except by an impunctate band at
sides, basally very obscurely wrinkled. Tubercles light yellow, tegulze testaceous with
a yellow patch. Wings stained with ferruginous, nervures and stigma dark rusty
brown, marginal cell truncate. Legs dark brown, the four anterior knees light yellow.
Abdomen strongly and closely punctured, segments after the first with more or less
distinct lateral basal white hair-bands. Anal fimbria ochreous. Hairs on venter more
or less tinged with ochreous.
Habitat.—Texas ; three collected by Belfrage, and now in U.S. Nat’l Museum,
One bears the number 237.
;
180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Habitat.—Albuquerque, N. M.; two, on June 30th, 1895, between
the town and the University [Ckll., 3254, 3256.].
ii. Tarsi rufous in the 2; yellowish white in the ¢.
Andrena heteromorpha, n. sp.—Q. Length about 8 mm.; similar in
build and general appearance to 4. ¢rifoliata, but rather more slender.
Black, no more pubescent than a Prosapis, face-mark and tubercles pale
primrose yellow. Head a little broader than long; eyes black ; supra-
clypeal mark very narrow, as in the other species of the group, forming the
base of the clypeal mark, which is trilobed below, much rounder in
general outline than that of ¢7z/o/zata, decidedly longer in proportion to
its breadth than in that or maurula. Mandibles simple, rufous, with the
tips blackish and the bases becoming yellow. Face and front shining,
strongly but irregularly punctured, vertex strongly and closely punctured.
Antenne black, the flagellum from the 4th joint becoming rufous beneath.
Tubercles pale yellow with a black spot near the hind margin. Meso-
thorax shiny, closely punctured, parapsidal grooves distinct. Scutellum
closely punctured, Postscutellum and metathorax coarsely granular,
base of metathorax with small, ill-defined longitudinal wrinkles. ‘Tegule
testaceous, with a triangular pale yellow spot; wings smoky hyaline,
nervures and stigma dark brown, the former ferruginous at base of wing.
First recurrent nervure entering second submarginal cell at the end of its
second third. Legs black, first four knees yellow, hind knees ferruginous;
tarsi ferruginous, first joint of middle tarsi quite broad. Abdomen
strongly and closely punctured, without distinct hair-bands or spots, but
the last two segments pruinose with white pubescence. Anal fimbria pale
ochreous.
d¢. Smaller and more slender, the abdomen subcylindrical. Face_
wholly pale primrose yellow below level of antennz, the upper margin of
the yellow straight, only notched on each side of the dog-ear marks,
and produced narrowly a short distance along the orbits. Basal portion
of mandibles externally all pale yellow. Antennz entirely dark, not at
all rufescent. Second submarginal cell very narrow. Anterior tibiz pale
yellow in front ; all the tarsi cream colour, except the darkened terminal
joint. Abdomen with the last four segments primrose. Punctures of
basal segment not so close.
Habitat —Las Cruces, N. M.; close to the Agricultural College, on
Verbesina encelioides ; Sept. 12th, 1895 [Ckll., 5056, ; 5058, ¢.].
\ .
nT
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181
2. Marginalcell pointed.
i. Q with wings tinged yellowish, stigma pale ferruginous, abdomen
impunctate; ¢ with clypeus dark ; hind tarsi clear ferru-
ginous in both sexes.
Andrena salicinella, Ckll., Psyche Suppt., 1895, p. 4. The type
was taken on willow, but was unique, and among many bees collected on
willow at the same place, May 2nd and 3rd, 1896, are no sa/icinel/a. Both
sexes were, however, taken in quantity on Svsymbrium canescens, on the
College Farm, Mesilla Valley, N. M., April 12th and 16th, 1895, the males
predominating.
The ¢ differs by the face being covered with dense white pubes-
cence, the flagellum ferruginous beneath; the wings clear, not yellowish ;
the stigma reddish brown, darker than in the 2; the abdomen narrower,
but distinctly banded. When I published sad/cine//a, Miss J. E. Casad
had already described the species as new (in MS.) from the ¢, but I was
not aware that her insect was the opposite sex of mine.
Miss Casad has described (in MS.) another species from a ¢ taken
on Arynitzkia (supposed to be K. Jamesiz), on Little Mountain, Mesilla
Valley, April 1st, 1895. This is smaller than ¢ sa/icine//a, and the head
seems very much broader in proportion to its length ; but the latter feature
is probably due, at least for the most part, to the retraction of the mouth-’
parts and the absence of the dense white clypeal pubescence, except at
the sides. My present opinion is that it is probably an individual
mutation of sa/icine//a, but it may be a distinct but closely allied species.
ii Wings not tinged yellowish, hind tarsi not clear ferruginous.
a. Clypeus dark in the ¢, abdomen tessellate but impunctate.
Andrena monilicornis, 1. sp.— d. Length about 84% mm. Black,
with long dull white pubescence. Head broader than long, face densely
covered with long white hairs, cheeks less densely ; vertex bare, flattened
or even slightly concave, microscopically reticulate, and with large, rather
sparse punctures. Antenne long, wholly black, the joints somewhat
swollen, moniliform, first joint of flagellum not longer than the third.
Mandibles wholly black. Thorax covered with long hairs; the prothorax,
disk of mesothorax, scutellum, and enclosure of metathorax, bare.
Mesothorax rather dull, with large, rather sparse punctures. Scutellum
shiny, with sparse punctures ; a small impunctate space on each side of the
middle. Enclosure of metathorax dull, minutely roughened, bounded
only by an impressed line. ‘Tegulee shining dark brown. Wings hyaline,
iridescent, nervures and stigma testaceous, costal nervure black. Second
182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
submarginal cell very broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure at its
middle. Legs black, apical joints of tarsi becoming dull ferruginous.
Femora with very long white hairs, Abdomen moderately broad, having
a silky lustre, strongly minutely tessellate, impunctate. All the segments
sparsely hairy, their hind margins with thin white hair-bands, failing in
the middle. Venter with continuous white hair-bands. Apex with white
hairs.
Habitat.—College Farm, Mesilla Valley, N. M.; on plum; March
25th, 1896.
b. Clypeus pale primrose yellow in the %, abdomen punctate.
(1) Larger, distance between the clypeal dots in ¢ not greater than
distance from one to top of clypeus.
Andrena capricornis, Casad and Ckll, n. sp.— ~. Length, 8 mm.;
stoutly built; black, with dull white pubescence; clypeus and a large mark
on each side of it very pale primrose yellow. Head broader than long,
face and front with rather long but thin pubescence; clypeus large, unusually
high, almost bare, with scattered punctures; there are either two minute
gray dots or there may be two gray bands, extending upward and laterad
from the position of the dots, meeting each other at a right angle. The
lateral face-marks are irregularly diamond-shaped, the upper outer margin
notched. Vertex roughened, a polished, sparsely punctured area at the
summit of each eye. Antenne fairly long, black, the tip of the flagellum
beneath becoming dark coffee-colour. First joint of flagellum about as
long as second and third together, second not as long as broad. Mandi-
bles wholly black ; lower margin of clypeus black, arcuate ; basal process
of labrum emarginate. Thorax quite densely pubescent ; mesothorax
dull, rather closely punctured ; scutellum shiny, irregularly punctured ;
enclosure of metathorax granular, bounded only by an impressed line.
Tegulze dark chestnut brown, wings hyaline, nervures and stigma dark
reddish brown, costal nervure black ; second submarginal cell narrowed
above, receiving the first recurrent nervure just before its middle. Legs
black, pubescent, apical joints of tarsi becoming more or less rufescent.
Abdomen rather broad and short, punctured, only moderately shiny,
clothed all over with thin white pubescence, which forms ill-defined
bands, interrupted in the middle, on the hind margins of the segments.
When the insect is viewed from the side the bands on segments 2 to 4
look very white and distinct, as, indeed, do those on 2 and 3, viewed
from above.
THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 183
Habitat.— One on plum, College Farm, Mesilla Valley, N. M.,
April gth, 1895 [Casad, 161]; another on plum, same locality, March 25th,
1896 [CkIl.].
(2) Smaller, distance between the clypeal dots in ¢ much greater
than distance from one to top of clypeus.
Andrena primulifrons, Casad, n. sp.—¢. “ Black, pubescence
ashy, head broader than thorax ; clypeus and lateral spots somewhat
triangular in shape, their longest side toward clypeus and extending a
little above it on sides of face, pale lemon yellow ; clypeus broader than
long, with black dots about half way between upper and lower edge and
separated from each other by about the length of the clypeus ; rest of
head black, face clothed with ashy hairs and fringed at its base, vertex
bare, occiput and cheeks clothed with long hair; antenne testaceous
beneath ; thorax clothed same as head, hairs longest on pleura, very
sparse on metathorax ; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures piceous ; legs
with hairs, sparsest and longest on femora ; abdomen sparsely clothed
with short hairs ; segments banded apically. Length about 6 mm. Its
general appearance is much like that of Hadictus fasciatus.” |Jessie E.
Casad. |
9. ‘Black, having an oily appearance, pubescence grayish, mixed
with ochraceous ; head very little broader than thorax, face as long as
broad, clothed sparsely with short pale ochraceous hairs, those on clypeus
very scattered ; antennz paie brown from fourth joint to tip beneath;
thorax clothed similarly to head, metathorax bare, punctured and fringed
marginally ; wings hyaline, third submarginal cell long, narrowed more
than one-half toward marginal, stigma fulvous, tegule testaceous ; legs
dark brownish, clothed with pale hairs, heaviest on tibiz and tarsi; last
joints of tarsi reddish ; abdomen punctured, clothed with fine, short,
scattered hairs ; apical marginal bands interrupted on segments one and
two ; bands entire on following segments.” [Jessie E. Casad. |
Habitat.—Mesilla Valley, N. M.; Little Mountain, April rst, 1895, on
Krynitzkia (supposed to be K. Jamesiz), a 2 [Casad, 154]; Campus of
Agricultural College, on flowers of Biscutella Wislizenii, April gth, 1896, a
? [CkIl]; on plum, College Farm, April roth, 1895, a ¢ [Casad, 187];
on plum, College Farm, March 25th, 1896, a ¢ [CkIl.] ; on Sisymbrium
canescens, College Farm, April 16th, 1895 [CkIl., 2790, 2742].
Miss Casad had described the sexes as distinct species, but they are
doubtless one. The stigma varies in colour, being sometimes reddish
184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
fulvous, sometimes brown; but its margin is always conspicuously
darkened below. ‘The enclosure of the metathorax is strongly granular,
contrasting with a comparatively shining area on each side of it. The
nervures in the ? are distinctly darker than in sadicinel/a.
P. S.—June 2nd, 1896. After renewed study, and an examination of
the tongue and palpi, I am satisfied that the supposed species of Andrena
described by me with the marginal cell truncate represents a valid new
genus, which I will call Protandrena. The species are as follows: PP.
asclepiadis, P. mexicanorum, P. trifoliata, P. maurula, P. heteromorpha.
LEPYRUS ALTERNANS AND, CAPUCINUS, LIXUS: FOSSUS;
CREMASTOCHILUS HARRISIT AND POLYPLEURUS
NITIDUS.
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA.
Lepyrus alternans, Casey.—In a former paper (p. 125) the form
described under this name was united with Capucinus, Schall, owing to
an error of observation in regard to the wings. The example then ex-
amined was somewhat broken and it is now evident the wings had been
removed. A recent dissection of a perfect specimen exhibits a well-
developed pair of wings. This form is closely related to palustris ( per-
haps not more than a geographical variety), differing in the form of the
thorax, which, instead of being conical, is much wider at middle than at
base (subangulate) ; the rostrum is perhaps stouter and the mesosternum
less elevated—both characters somewhat opinionative; there is no femoral
tooth in any of the examples seen ; the elytral intervals are less regular,
either not obviously inequal or the first and third wider, the others nar-
rower and some of them longitudinally sulcate along the middle ; the
strial punctuation is usually finer and closer, and the striz seem to be
acutely impressed when the elytra are perfectly denuded. In vestiture
ornamentation and other characters the two forms seem identical.
All the examples seen have been from Maine and New Hampshire
(Mount Washington and vicinity).
L. capucinus, Schall.—The removal of a/ternans from synonymy
with this species necessitates a little change in the former description,
where some of the characters peculiar to the latter form were introduced:—
Apterous, black, robust, vestiture nearly uniform. Rostrum stout, longer than the
thorax, sulcate on each side of the carina which attains the frontal fovea, rather closely
and not coarsely punctured, and with the head thinly clothed with squamoid hairs; scape
of antennz short, not attaining the eye; first joint of funicle stout, second thinner and
eS eee
— =
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 185
two-thirds longer, ferruginous to piceous. Thorax transverse, wider than long, sides nearly
parallel to apical third, then rapidly rounding to apical constriction ; apex one-fourth
narrower than base. subconvex, surface even, closely covered with granuloid tuber-
culations, smaller on the disk, larger and rugous on the sides; median carina fine, mostly
attaining the base. Elytra oval, striato-punctate, striae when denuded slightly acutely
impressed, intervals not obviously inequal, granuloid tubercles fine and sparse ; apices
conjointly rounded, notch very slight. Anterior femora with the sinuation for the tibize
strongly rectangularly laminate and usually the middle and posterior ; mesosternum
elevated between the cox. The vestiture is very uniform, mostly of white and gray
fine hairlike scales tessellated on the elytra, sparser below; the median spot on the
elytra usually seen in the other species is absent, but there is a white one on each apical
protuberance; the femora are not annulated and the abdominal spots are wanting. The
American examples seen are from Michigan ; the European, from Hungary.
i vemellus, Kitby.—This elegant species was taken by Mr. F. C.
Bowditch, in the Rocky Mountains near Eagle Pass, at an elevation of
‘13,000 feet or over, examples of which, through his courtesy, I have been
enabled to see. From these the recorded distribution is Vancouver
Island; Alaska (the Peninsula of Kenai and the adjoining Continent, also
the Yukon); the Hudson Bay region to Lat. 65°. In the former notice, p.
126, the wora ‘‘ scalerous” should read scabrous.
Lepyrus palustris.—-Examples from Indiana in the cabinet of F. H.
Snow, Chancellor of the University of Kansas, are absolutely identical
with the cylindrical, long-beaked European form usually sent to America.
Lixus fossus, Lec., 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV., 417 ; Zucu/entus,
Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, VI., 209.
Fossus was described from a unique taken at Enterprise, Florida ;
Jucudentus from examples taken at Lake Worth, Florida, about 250 miles
southward. Except in size, the individuals of this species are little
variable, but enough so to make two or three species of by any one
inclined in that direction. Mr. Casey’s types seemingly differ from Dr.
Leconte’s in three or four points which more ample material shows to
possess only individual value. The material in my collection, ¢ and ?,
is from near Jacksonville and from Lake Worth, the latter due to the
munificence of Mrs. Slosson, who recently sent me nine examples. The
¢ examples from Jacksonville agree with Dr. Leconte’s description of the
thorax and basal fovea, the 9 with his description of the supposed 9
which is the 9 of Mr. Casey’s /ucu/entus. In the males of the examples
from Lake Worth the thorax and basal fovez are diverse, some as in /ossus,
some as in /uculentus, and others intermediate. The characters drawn
from the beak are likewise mutually intermixed.
The following description drawn from to male examples illustrates
186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the principal characters of the species, with the most noteworthy differences
observed among individuals :—
Beak about as long as the thorax, sometimes longer, mostly shorter ; a broad trans-
verse impression between the eyes more or less evident ; a round frontal fovea, a smaller
elongate one between the insertion of the antennz sometimes obsolescent; in some ex-
amples a trace of a carina between the fovex, but usually not; punctuation fine and
sparse to coarser and denser, clothed with minute whitish scales to tip ; antennee insert-
ed about one-third from apex, slender, light to dark ferruginous ; club mostly darker ;
thorax about as long as wide, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, conical ; process of
base prolonged more or less acutely between the elytra in place of the scutellum, which
is not visible; fossa deep, sometimes limited at basal third, sometimes the impression
extends to middle and sometimes narrowly to apical margin, densely rugoso-punctulate;
some fine punctures, mostly on the sides ; elytra not or but little wider than the thorax,
with irregular series of moderately coarse punctures, of which the inner three are usually
well defined ; tips separately acutely rounded and conjointly emarginate ; uniformly
mottled with condensed spots of short white scaly pubescence, as is likewise the thorax
and under side, the latter also ornamented with numerous denuded black dots ; femora
annulate with white.
Length, .30-.40inch. Habitat.—Common from Jacksonville, Fla., southward.
The denuded elytral area mentioned by Mr. Casey is entirely due to
abrasion, as is also that of the disk of the thorax, neither being present in
recent specimens. ‘The surface in soine of the examples is covered with
a yellow pollenoid powder such as is seen in concavus. The female
seemingly differs from the male only in the more cylindrical, slightly
longer, less pubescent, and mcre finely punctulate beak, with the antennze
inserted near the middle, and the usually longer thoracic impression.
Cremastochilus Harrisii, Kirby.—This species was taken, by myself,
with ants (species not observed) in Western Pennsylvania [Can. Ent., XX.,
160]; also in Florida, with a large ant inhabiting under a board [Ib., XXVL.,
255], which Prof. Schmitt names Camponotus floridanus. In March,
1895, I took an example with the same species of ant at Lake Worth,
under circumstances somewhat different from the ordinary. A smali pine
had been broken off by a wind-storm about six feet from the ground, the
broken end resting on the stump ; under the loosening bark of the tree a-
colony of ants had formed a nest, and in it was this Cremastochilus; the
ants were in great consternation at the exposure of their habitation, and
while anxious and in much hurry to remove their pupz to places of
safety, they appeared to be equally solicitous about the Cremastochilus,
several of them laying hold of it and dragging it with them. At first it
simulated death, but after having been dragged awhile it got up and
walked off quite lively under their guidance.
Polypleurus nitidus, Lec.—This fine beetle, rather rare in collections,
is abundant along Lake Worth, Florida, in pine hummocks where there
are stumps. The larva when full-grown is about an inch and one-half in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187
length, cylindrical but a little flattened, about one-eighth of an inch in
diameter ; the body is hard, solid, and not easily crushed; the mandibles
large, sharp, and powerful enough to draw blood ; the colour is pale yellow
with the head piceous. Itis very active. The beetle breeds in pine stumps
which have been cut two or three years and have dried out; the
Jarve devour the solid wood always in a vertical direction, two or three
dozen of them being frequently found in a stump six or eight inches in
diameter, the inside of which is mostly reduced to powder by the time
they are ready to pupate. I took the beetle from February to May, and
it may possibly disclose at all times during the year.
This species is probably not confined to pine, as I took it frequently
quite remote from any pine, under boards, bark, etc., and I strongly
suspect that it breeds in roots, etc., after the manner of some of the
Elaterid larve called ‘‘ wireworms.”
TWO NEW HESPERIDS.
BY HENRY SKINNER, PROF. ENT., ACAD. NAT. SCI., PHILADELPHIA.
Pamphila Howard, n. sp.
Male.—Expands 1.50 inches. Upper s¢de : Superiors tawny with a
fuscous border a little more than one-eighth inch in width; there are
from one to four small subapical tawny spots in the fuscous border ; at end
of cell a dark spot which may or may not be connected with the stigma ;
stigma rather more than an eighth inch in length, very narrow and
unbroken, and extending to inner margin. Inferiors have the same
fuscous border and tawny centralarea. Under side: Superiors with tawny
central area and border same as upper side; there is a large triangular
spot extending into the wing from the base. The tawny colour above
this spot is of a darker hue than that below and outside of it. Inferiors
very light brown, generally with four or five very faint tawny spots in
the central area.
The females are larger, without the stigma and have the under side
of inferiors immaculate. Described from eight specimens in my own col-
lection and four in that of the U. S. National Museum, through the courtesy
of Prof. L. O. Howard. They are all from Florida; two being from
Georgiana, on the Indian River ; exact locality of others unknown. This
species has usually been confounded with viafor, but is really nothing like
it. The species belongs to the arpa, palatka, Aaroni, viator group. It
188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
is a much larger species than Aaroni,; it has not the bright immaculate
inferiors below like avfa and differs from pa/atka in the stigma, which in
that species is in two short sections. The superiors in véator above are
fuscous, covered with tawny spots.
Pamphila stigma, 0. sp.
Male.—Expands 114 inches. Upfer side. Superiors bright yellow ;
border fuscous, about one-sixteenth of an inch in width; the fuscous
extending slightly inwards into the yellow between the veins. Stigma broad,
black, and semicircular ; very wide in proportion to its length ; extending
from stigma toward tip of wing is a rectangular fuscous spot. Inferiors
fuscous with an orange central area which is broken into four or five
spots by the nerves. Under side : Superiors yellow with the usual fuscous
patch at base; there are five fuscous spots on the outer third of wing,
which begin at the inner margin and extend upward, each one being
smaller than the other as they extend toward the outer third of the centre.
Inferiors bright yellow, a few small fuscous spots scattered about the wings.
From several specimens in the collection of the author and Dr. Herman
Strecker, of Reading, Pa., from southern border of New Mexico and S.-W.
Texas. This species somewhat resembles dreftus and phyleus, but can
be known at once by the stigma, which is like that of campestris,
ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.
The Association of Economic Entomologists will hold its eighth
annual meeting in the Library Building, Buffalo, N. Y., on Friday and
Saturday, August 21st and 22nd, 1896. ‘The first general session of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science will be held on
Monday, August 24th, 1896.
It is earnestly requested that members of the Association of.
Economic Entomologists should promptly inform the Secretary whether
they expect to be present or not, and also submit immediately the titles
of communications they desire to present, to enable the distribution
before the date of the meeting of a preliminary programme.
Full information relating to railroad rates, hotels, etc., is given in the
preliminary bulletin of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, a copy of which may be obtained by addressing the local
Secretary, Mr. Eben P. Dorr, care of Society of Natural Science, Buffalo,
NEEYe C. L. MARLATT, Secretary.
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
ee ee ae a |
te
ee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189
BOOK NOTICE.
MONOGRAPH OF THE BOMBYCINE MOTHS OF AMERICA NorTH OF MEXICO,
including their transformations and origin of the larval markings and
armature. Part I., family 1, Notodontide. By ALPHEUS S. PACKARD.
National Academy of Sciences, Vol. VII., 1895 (received May 11th,
1896); 292 pages, 49 plates, and 10 maps.
Dr. Packard’s long-promised monograph has at length appeared.
The copious text is divided into ten sections: I., Introduction ; IL,
Hints on the mode of evolution of the bristles, spines and tubercles of
Notodontian and other caterpillars; III., On certain points in the
external anatomy of Bombycine larve; IV., Oa the incongruence
between the larval and adult characters of Notodontians ; V., Inheritance
of characters acquired during the lifetime of Lepidopterous larve ; VI.,
Geographical distribution of the American Notodontide; VII, Phy-
logeny of the Lepidoptera ; VIII., Attempt at a new classification of the
Lepidoptera; IX., A rational nomenclature of the veins of the wings of
insects, especiaily of the Lepidoptera; X., Systematic revision of the
Notodontidz, with special reference to their transformations.
Most of these have previously appeared as separate articles, as the
reader will recall. The life-histories are given as fully as our present
knowledge will allow, much of this knowledge being due to Dr. Packard’s
own labours. The plates illustrating them are beautifully coloured, the
early stages highly magnified. These plates must be seen to be
appreciated:
A few remarks in criticism of the memoir will not be understood to
imply a lack of appreciation of its many valuable features. In general
the synoptic tables of subfamilies, genera, and species are poor and
uncritical. They are no improvement over those of the author’s mono-
graph of Geometride, to which the same criticism applies. In all the
figures of larvee the sete are imperfectly shown, and their number and
position are not to be relied upon. I corrected for Dr. Packard a num-
ber of the plates in this respect, but the corrections were necessarily made
from memory and on general principles, and there is not a figure which
has the authority of a careful copy from nature. Even the special
figures in the text are often very erroneous; e. g., figure 9, on page 63,
where the back and side views of the same larva are shown as different.
Dr. Packard also fails generally to describe the arrangement of the set
an the text.
190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The classification of the Lepidoptera which is used is original with
the author. It has been already presented in the American Naturalist,
where I have had occasion to notice it. In rejecting the classification of
Prof. Comstock, the author argues that the frenulurn is of small value in
classification, because both frenulum and jugum are present in some
Jugatze, and the frenulum is absent in some Frenate. While we may
admit this argument for what it is worth, it seems that Dr. Packard
entirely misses the great cumulative force of the evidence adduced by
Prof. Comstock and others for these suborders. Classifications founded
on the venation alone [Hampson], the wing scales [Kellogg], and the
antennz [Bodine] give the same suborders. [I have also shown that the
larval characters do not support Dr. Packard’s view. But Dr. Packard
gives no weight to larval characters, in spite of the implication in the title.
Harrison G. Dyar.
NOTES.
Corias Casonra.—Messrs. C. T. Hills and C. H. Tyris captured no
less than fifteen specimens of this Southern butterfly (Fig. 20) on the 11th
of June, besides worn
specimens that they let
go. ‘They were flying
quite abundantly, mostly
in a south-easterly direc-
tion, crossing the Humber
River near Toronto, where
the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way bridge is.” One speci-
men was also taken by them
on June 14, near Little
York. This butterfly has
only once before been recorded from Ontario, having been taken on Long
Point, Lake Erie.
Papitio Ajax.—At the end of May, and again on the 18th of June,
a single specimen of this butterfly was seen at Port Hope, Ont. It has
never before been observed so far east in this Province. In Toronto
four specimens have been seen by Mr. C. T. Hills during the month of |
June this year.
Mailed July 6th.
see
The € anadliay Hantomologist
VoL XXVIII. LONDON, AUGUST, 1896. No.8.
NEW BEES OF THE GENERA XENOGLOSSA AND PODA-
LIRIUS (ANTHOPHORA),.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, NEW MEXICO.
Xenoglossa patricia, n.sp.— g. Length about 22 mm., very stoutly
built ; head and thorax black, densely covered with short fulvous pu-
bescence; abdomen and legs bright chestnut red. Head broad, eyes black,
orbits somewhat converging above, ocelli very large, a linear groove
descending from middle ocellus, vertex obscurely tessellate ; clypeus
broad, yellow, its upper margin suffused with orange, and its anterior
margin narrowly rufous ; surface of clypeus rough so as to look lke the
skin of a lemon ; labrum yellow, with appressed, very short, pale fulvous
pubescence ; mandibles long, simple, with a large yellow patch near the
base, suffused outwardly into a reddish tongue, which gradually loses
itself in the black of the tips. Antenne hardly reaching beyond tegule,
piceous, with the scape, funicle, and first and last joints of flagellum,
rufescent. First joint of flagellum longer than the two following, but not
so long as the three following. Sculpture of thorax cannot be seen for
the pubescence. Tegule reddish-testaceous. Wings smoky, nervures
piceous, venation as in X. fu/va. Legs with appressed orange-rufous
pubescence, spurs rufous, claws black at ends, strongly bifid, spur of
anterior tibia with a broad hyaline wing, as is also the case with X. fu/va.
Abdomen moderately shining, with small, close punctures ; first segment
with fulvous pubescence at base, the rest bare, but for the fine reddish-
fulvous pile, conspicuous when the abdomen is viewed from the side.
Ventral segments fringed with reddish-fulvous hairs. Apex. produced,
black at the broadly truncate end ; the apex is more produced and much
narrower than in X. fu/va. Sixth segment with a broad blunt tooth on
each side.
Habitat.—Mesilla, New Mexico. At about a quarter to nine on the
morning of June 21, 1896, the day being very hot and rather cloudy. I
opened, in the town of Mesilla, a number of flowers of Cucurbita
perennis. The flowers contained great numbers of Déabrotica 12-
192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
punctata, but, in addition, each fresh flower contained a single bee. On
sorting out the bees after returning home, I was astonished to find
they were all of the genus Xenog/ossa, and included three species, viz.:
X. pruinosa, Say, 4 6; X. patricia, v. sp., 1 6; X. cucurbitarum, n. sp.,
3 6. X. patricia is nearest to X. fulva, but it is larger and stouter,
and the head and thorax are black. It has no resemblance to any of the
other species. Smith’s AZe/issodes rubricata, from Oajaca, Mexico, is
coloured much like X. Jatricia; may it perhaps be a Xenoglossa? It
differs from patricia by the black pubescence on the legs, ete.
Xenoglossa cucurbitarum, n. sp.— g. Length about 20 mm.; not so
stout as X. patricia ; black, thorax covered with short orange-fulvous
pubescence, legs bright chestnut-red. Head broad, orbits nearly parallel,
eyes black ; face, cheeks and occiput with rather thin pubescence, long
and fulvous on occiput, becoming whitish on cheeks and lower part of
face. Vertex more or less punctured, the punctures running into linear
grooves on the front. A shining channel descending from middle
ocellus. Clypeus closely punctured, lemon-yellow, with its whole upper
margin and extreme sides rather broadly black, anterior edge rufous,
simple. Labrum yellow, with pubescence as in patricia. Mandibles
with a large yellow patch, the outer end of which becomes rufous. ‘There
is a large, short tooth on the inner side of the mandibles, not far from the
base ;—this is wanting in patricia. Antenne reaching only to tegule,
piceous, scape and flagellum dark rufous ; first joint of flagellum a little
longer than the two following together. Tegule reddish-testaceous.
Wings smoky, nervures piceous, venation as in patricia. Legs with
short reddish-fulvous pubescence, spurs rufous, claws black at ends,
strongly bifid. Abdomen black, shining, punctured, base of first segment
with fulvous hairs ; second segment at sides, and the other segments all
over, more or less covered with very short, appressed, fulvous pile.
Apex produced and truncate, much as in fafricia. Sixth segment with
a tooth on each side.
Habitat.— Mesilla, N. M., as described above.
The following table will serve to separate the species of Xenoglossa :-—
Legs, except the tarsi, black.
Flagellum ferruginous or testaceous, at least beneath; ¢ witha
transverse yellow band on clypeus... ......zpom@a@, Rob.
Flagellum black, or nearly so; ¢ with a yellow spot onclypeus,
sometimes wanting; 4 with first joint of flagellum very
SHOP (isons so eleatalece sos «Sop bau oles 6 claiey = ate) aoe
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193
Legs wholly rufous, or fulvous ; ¢ with first joint of flagellum long.
Head and thotax fulvous.. i.) .s.ik v2... es... 5 falva, Smith.
Head and thorax black.
Ahidoemetr chestnut-red «..'¢..5. 7522) .. patricia, Ckll.
Abdomen black. « Dine See ‘aneabinie um, Ckll.
X. pruinosa, 1 have from Pennsyleanie and sei York ; thence to
Mesilla is a wide range. X. fu/va ranges from Lower Gaintornia to
Arizona and southward to Puebla, Mexico; its range seems not to touch
that of pruinosa. X. ipomee is only known from Carlinville, Illinois,
where Mr. Robertson found it and X. pruinosa visiting [pomea pandurata.
The above was written June 21. On June 22, at about 7:45 a. m.,
the flowers of C. perennis were open, and about twenty minutes collect-
ing yielded : X. pruinosa, 5 6; X. patricia, 2 6, 1 9; X. cucurbitarum,
4¢,4 2. The honey bees were also visiting the flowers, but seemed
disconcerted to find fat Xenoglossze at the bottom of them. In one
flower was found an Agapostemon texanus, which, it may be remarked,
is not so blue with us as Cresson’s Texan types, though otherwise
agreeing.
The females of X. patricia and X. cucurbitarum resemble the males
in size and appearance; the scopa of the hind legs is fairly abundant,
but loose ; it is distinctly plumose. In both, the rufous hind tibiz, on
the outer surface, exhibit many small black spots. The legs of cucur-
bitarum @ are suffused with black at the base, to a variable extent. In
patricia 2 the clypeus and labrum are rufous, the mandibles are rufous
without at base, and present a reddish-orange streak on the distal half,
this being separated from the rufous by black. In cucurbitarum 92 the
clypeus is black, with sometimes an obscure rgddish or yellowish spot near
the anterior edge, its outline not clearly defined ; the labrum also is
black, reddish at its upper median border; the mandibles have an
obscure yellow spot near the base, and sometimes a streak as in patricia.
The hairs surrounding the pygidium in both species are bright orange-
fulvous.
Podalirius cleomis, n. sp»—¢. Length, 12 mm., stout, black.
Head broad, with long but not very dense pubescence, gray and black
mixed, hairs on cheeks beneath long and white. Clypeus (except broad
black lateral borders), a narrow supraclypeal band interrupted in middle,
triangular lateral face-marks, labrum (except a black boss on each side
next to upper margin),and a large patch on outside of mandibles, pure white,
194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
When the face is viewed somewhat from below, it is seen that the anterior
margins of both clypeus and labrum (which has a small notch) are black.
Antenne black, the scape white in front. The lateral face-marks are
divided above by a broad rounded notch into a linear portion extending
a little way along the orbital margin, and a broad rounded portion
adjacent to the clypeus. Clypeus and labrum punctured, disc of labrum
somewhat confluently punctured. Sides of vertex with very small, close
punctures ; large, scattered punctures behind the ocelli, which are pale
honey colour. Thorax densely covered with mixed gray and black
pubescence, the sides with little black. Tegule black. Wings rather
short, hyaline tinged with smoky, nervures and stigma piceous. Legs
black, the joints of the tarsi after the first dark ferruginous. First four
femora fringed behind with long white hairs. Middle tarsi simple. Hind
tibize stout, with a long, obliquely-placed spine a short distance from the
end. The hind femora are also quite stout, but not so stout as the tibiz.
First joint of hind tarsi broadened, with a conspicuous erect tooth not far
from the base. Hind tibiz with short grayish pubescence, appearing
white in some lights. Inner surface of first joint of hind tarsi with short
orange-rufous pubescence. Abdomen short and broad, first segment
with sparse long grayish hairs. the remaining segments almost nude, the
margins of segments 1-6 broadly cream colour or pale yellowish—this
colour sharply defined from the black. Apex with two short, widely-
separated spines, and short rufescent hairs.
Habitat.—Santa Fé, N. M., August, on Cleome serrudata. (Ckll.,
1767.) This species is interesting as representing apparently a north-
ward extension of a neotropical type. It resembles the P. marginatus
(Smith), which Cresson says is found at Orizaba, Mexico ; and still more.
the Mexican P. ¢arsatus (Sichel MS., Dours), from which it differs in the
lack of fulvous pubescence, and the white instead of yellow face-marks.
Dours says the basal joint of the hind tarsus of farsatus has two spines ;
in cleomis the tibial spur crosses the tarsal spine and, projecting beyond,
looks like a second spine. Could Dours have been misled by such an
appearance? Dalla! Torre, it may be remarked, has proposed to change
the name ¢arsatus to Doursii, because of preoccupation ; but the change
is not needed if Habropoda be held valid, the other ¢arsatus being of that
genus.
Among the U. S. species, cleomis resembles P. cadifornicus (Cr.) and
P. texanus (Cr.). From the former it is distinguished by the large
Ee
= i es
Ve
Se ee ee
ee a eer
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195
admixture of black in the pubescence, and from the latter by the colour of
the pubescence and the black tegula. Cresson describes only the 2 of
texans.
Besides the type specimen .of c/eomis, I have two others taken
at Santa Fé, in August, by V. Boyle. It may be added that P. cleomis
shows a considerable superficial resemblance to the European P,
albigenus, Lep., which I have from Marseilles [E. André], but in
albigenus the abdominal bands are due to pubescence, as in a/amosanus.
Podalirius alamosanus, 0. sp.— 2. Length about 14 mm.; anterior
wing, 9 mm.; stout, black, with cinereous pubescence. Head broad,
densely pubescent, except on lower part of clypeus and sides of vertex,
which are bare; the pubescence cinereous, becoming tinged with
ochraceous and mixed with black on occiput and middle of vertex. Face
wholly black. Vertex roughened, and with sparse, indistinct punctures ;
clypeus rough from dense confluent punctures. First joint of flagellum
as long as the second, third and fourth together, second shorter than
third. ‘Thorax densely covered with ashy pubescence, becoming dull
white beneath, tinged with ochreous and mixed with black (especially on
scutellum) on dorsum. ‘Tegule fuscous, hairy on anterior half. Wings
smoky-hyaline, nervures and stigma piceous, venation normal. Legs
black with cinereous pubescence, apical joints of tarsirufous. Hind tibiz
with short black hairs on inner surface; basal joint of hind tarsi with
dark chocolate or fuscous pubescence on inner surface, and a black
brush at tip. Abdomen black, the exposed parts with obscure sparse
black pubescence ; the whole of the first segment, and broad apical
margins of segments 2 to 4, covered with very pale ochraceous hairs.
Fifth segment with black pubescence, and a patch of pale ochraceous
hairs on each side. Ends of ventral segments with pale hairs.
Habitat.—Cafiada Alamosa, New Mexico, June 18 [C. H. T, Town-
send]. The light abdominal hair-bands are very conspicuous and nearly
uniform in width. This species seems to be quite closely allied to ?.
mexicanus (Sichel MS., Dours), but that is larger (17 mm.) and has the
pubescence fulvous. Unfortunately, Dours’s short description of mexicanus
contains no reference to the hind tarsi, 5th abdominal segment, etc. ‘The
locality of mexicanus is vaguely given as Mexico, but the types came
from de Saussure, and were probably collected by him on the tableland.
Podalirus vallorum, n. sp.—f. Length, 12 mm.; anterior wing,
8 mm.; fairly stout, black, head and thorax with dense pale fulvous
196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
pubescence, becoming white on cheeks beneath and lower part of pleura;
a very few black hairs on dorsum of thorax. Head broad; vertex shiny,
somewhat roughened, sparsely punctured; clypeus rather sparsely
punctured. Clypeus (except the narrow anterior margin and a sutural
mark on each side above), a supraclypeal band, lateral face-marks, labrum
(except the usual pair of spots), a large patch on mandibles, and the scape
in front, all lemon-yellow. First joint of flagellum longer than second,
and a little longer than third, but not so long as 2 + 3. Antenne
reaching a little beyond tegule. Tegule reddish-testacecus. Wings
perfectly hyaline, nervures piceous. Second submarginal cell narrowed
fully one-half above. Legs black, claws ferruginous at base. First four
femora with long white hairs behind, hind femora with shorter black
hairs. All the tibize with appressed pale mouse-gray pubescence on outer
side, the four hindmost with black hairs on inner surface. Hind tibize
somewhat dilated, and bearing a sharp tooth near the end, close to the
origin of the spurs. Pubescence of basal joint of tarsi as described for
tibiz ; basal joint of hind tarsi dilated, flattenec, with a short tooth at the
side. Intermediate tarsi simple and ordinary. Basal segment of abdo-
men with long pale ochraceous hairs ; the remaining segments with thin,
appressed, grayish-white pile on their hindmost halves, not forming bands.
Hind margins of segments narrowly hyaline. Extreme apex with black
hairs. The eyes in life are of a beautiful dark green.
2. Similiar, but the pubescence more cinereous, and on occiput
and the whole dorsum of thorax strongly mixed with black. Face and
antenne wholly black, mandibles with a pale line. First joint of
flagellum about or almost as long as 2+3+4. Middle of 5th abdominal
segment with black hairs, sides with white hairs. Basal joint of hind
tarsi with a conspicuous black brush. Wings perfectly clear as in the f.
Habitat.—Common at Mesilla and Las Cruces, New Mexico. I
first took this species on Solanum eleagnifolium, at Las Cruces, July 13,
1893 {Ckll., 313]. The specimen, a ?,was identified by Mr. Fox as
urbana of Cresson. Later, I found both sexes at Las Cruces, visiting the
flowers of 7bomea. At Mesilla, in the fourth week of June, the species
was observed in great numbers, nesting in adobe walls. Up to the
present day (June 23) I had no doubt that the insect was really urbana,
but on more particularly examining a ¢, it was at once evident that it
was a distinct species, and further study indicated that it was new. As
in the fly-genus Do/ichopus, this section of Podalirius presents us with a
. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197
series of females only with great difficulty to be distinguished, but
accompanied by males presenting remarkable differences in the armature
and clothing of the legs. The females of P. /esguerelle, CkIl., ined., are
very like those of P. vallorum, but are somewhat larger, have rather
shorter antenna, and fly earlier in the year—in April. But the males of
lesquerel/e present a remarkable broad brush of black hairs on the last
joint of the middle tarsi, while the basal joint of the hind tarsus is
ordinary and unarmed.
The ? of desgueredie I have recognized in two specimens taken by
Miss Jessie Casad: one at Lyctum on the College Farm, Mesilla Valley,
April 16; the other on cherry, at Mesilla, April 14. In size and general
appearance it is like the ¢.
A NEW GRAIN BEETLE.
BY F. H. CHITTENDEN, WASHINGTON, D. C,
The recent discovery that the grain-feeding tenebrionid, Fulorus
melinus or depressus of American collections and literature, was in reality
composed of two distinct species, as announced by the writer in the May
number of Extomological News (Vol. VII., p. 138), finds a parallel in the
recognition of S7/vanus mercator, Fauvel, in local collections with 5S.
surinamensis, Linn.
The former was not described until 1889 (see Revue a’ Entomologie,
Vol. VIL, p. 132), and has hitherto been unrecognized in America,
although M. Fauvel surmised that the species was cosmopolitan, from its
relationship to sur‘namensis, et a/., and its occurrence in France, New
Caledonia, and Africa.
From examination of between two and three hundred specimens
brought together mostly by myself, in connection with the investigation of
insects affecting stored products, for the Division of Entomology of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture, I am able to verify this opinion regard-
ing its distribution. This material includes an example from Kaiffa,
Syria, identified by one of our first European authorities, Mr. Edm.
Reitter. At the Columbian Exposition I collected examples in exhibits
of cereal and other seeds from Venezuela, Liberia, and Italy ; from the
Atlanta Exposition were also obtained specimens from Venezuela ; and
quite recently the species was received at the Department of Agriculture,
in a lot of ground flaxseed, from Mr. H. G. Wolfgang, of Calla, Ohio.
There are in the National Museum specimens from Los Angeles, Cal.,
198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and Astoria, Ills., and I have now living material from an unknown
source, but taken at Washington, D. C. To this list of localities may be
added Lower California and Arizona, from the collection of Mr. Henry
Ulke, of this city.
The close relationship of mercator to surinamensis makes reasonably
certain their virtual identity as regards development, nor is it probable
that they differ in any degree in food habits.
The principal points of structural difference between these two
species may be best expressed in tabular form, thus :—
Tempora long, equal to about 24 the diameter of the eye: ¢ with side
margins of front strongly reflexed, and with trochanters large, termi-
nating in a spine. a te A aoe ae ee . SUFINAMENSLS.
Tempora very sniall, tubereni(aead eqiial to about 1-5 ite diameter of
the eye; ¢ with side margins of front less prominent, trochanters
unarmed . Re eee Soa besos ; bh 8 = LEO
A tarde species, \S. hape nts, ae Nok Stonaly restuttaiine surinamen-
sis, and differing chiefly in having the side margins of the front developed
into two conspicuous horns, has similar habits, and as it is apparently
better known in Europe than mercator, may occur with us, though as yet
I have been unable to discover it.
NOTE ON MAMESTRA COMIS.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M.
This species is described by me in Bull. Buff. Soc., N.S., III, 85,
not in the Geological Survey, as quoted in the Washington Catalogue. A
comparison of the description proves that the insect before me could not
have been JM. o/ivacea. Its terms, both as to colour and markings,
completely cover the description of JZ. circumcincta. There can, of.
course, be no reasonable doubt that the existing so-called “ type” of
comis is a specimen of o/ivacea, in which case the type label has been
certainly transferred to another specimen after the type of comis was
returned to Mr. Hy. Edwards. I do not remember that my type of
comis was peculiarly set. The species was so much more vividly coloured
that it did not even suggest to me o/ivacea, a species of which I possessed
a long series.
Mr. Cary F. Baker peenae most ee he summer collecting in
choice localities, up to 12,000 feet altitude, in the mountains of Northern
Colorado. After October 1st, his address will be Auburn, Alabama, where
he goes to fill the position of Entomologist in the A. and M. College.
Ss ——<— =,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199
ERE COLEOPTERA OBRGGAN A D-A.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
XVIII. THE CHRYSOMELIDZ OF ONTARIO AND (QUEBEC—/( Continued ).
Trige VIII.—CHRYSOMELINI.
Most of the members of this tribe are of at least moderate size, and
are often quite ornately coloured. In form they are usually robust and
convex, while lacking the rotundity of the Cryptocephalini. The genera
of Eastern Canada may be arranged thus, the characters used being in
the main drawn from the Leconte and Horn “ Classification ” :—
A. Anterior coxal cavities closed, metasternum long ; reddish-yellow
above, with black stripes. .........5.022...0:...fntomoscelts.
AA. Anterior coxal cavities open.
b. Claws simple, not toothed.
c. Tarsi with third joint entire or scarcely emarginate.
Prothorax not margined at base ; species rather elongate,
SHeMLLY CONVEX, SEMPE . ... 20). s agta ee o- «re > el PISUCUUES:
Prothorax margined at base; species larger, more robust
and convex.
Last joint of palpi truncate..............Doryphora.
East joint of palpi dilated ... -<'s5.% <.).. .° Chrysomela.
cc. Tarsi with third joint emarginate or bilobed.
Elytra spotted or ae and anes Prothorax with a
thickened margin....:.... : sdeeae . Lina.
Elytra unicolorous, not sone nor Seiped eccent that the
metallic gloss is sometimes intensified over longitudinal
lines.
Elytra with regular punctured strie... .... Plagiodera.
Elytral punctuation dense and confused... . Gastroidea.
bb. Claws toothed or bifid.
Tibi dilated and toothed near the tip. Species of oblong,
rather convex form ; yellow with black spots. .. Gonzoctena.
Tibiz slender, neither dilated nor toothed.... . . Phryllodecta.
ENTOMOSCELIS, Chev.
E£. adonidis, Fabr., is about .33 in. long, less robust than most of
the Chrysomelini; the upper surface of the body dark reddish-yellow ;
the mouth-parts, sides of head, broad median stripe (and usually small
lateral spot) on thorax, suture, and broad lateral stripe on elytra, black,
200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Antenne, legs, and most of the under surface, excepting the sides of the
prothorax, black. It is found both in America and Europe, and has
here gained an additional importance through its destructiveness to
turnips, radishes, and cabbages in the Western Provinces.
Prasocuris, Latr.
Elongate species of less convex form than usual, upper surface
striped with yellow and brassy-green or bronze-black. The three species {
are thus separated by Mr. Crotch :—
Each elytron with two yellow vittee not confluent at base. .24 |
DNs ig ate yal o os ie pore cs Sulake | Inve pied we ie ph ab gh caw a Ue ee a
Yellow vittz of elytra confluent at base.
ees black: «16.2 2aIn a. 5 Mea sa iplactiage. ele» dae a «OUD RY IOGear eine |
Tibiz pale (= varipes, Lec.). .14-18in......... ..véttata, Oliv. .
DorypuHora, Ill.
colours. D. decemlineata, Say, the “Colorado potato-beetle,” is almost
too well-known to need a description —its yellowish colour, with black-
spotted thorax and the five black stripes (the second and third of which
are united at tip) on each elytron, rendering it easily recognizable. D.
clivicollis, Kirby, is found on milkweed, and reaches a size of from .32 to
.48 in. It is of a dark blue, the elytra orange-yellow, usually with three
biack spots on each, arranged thus: One on the humerus, one near the
apex, and one on the suture, confluent with its fellow on the opposite
elytron. The spots may all become confluent laterally, thus forming two
broad blue bands, or, as in the variety Rogerszz, Lec. (which ts described
as having the sides of the thorax nearly parallel behind), may become
very much reduced in size and break up into numerous smaller ones.
Contains two large species of robust and convex form and bright
4
d
;
CHRYSOMELA, Linn,
The species of this genus are more numerous and usually smaller
than those of Doryphora, to which they bear a general resemblance.
They are usually taken by sweeping. I find C. exclamationis on
Helianthus, while C. elegans is occasionally abundant on willows. The
following table will enable the Canadian species to be separated without
much trouble :—
A. Elytra with tolerably regular stripes, never with numerous spots.
b. Front and side margins of prothorax pale, sometimes the base
also,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201
ene eR een meret feuier sy Weer ee
c. Each elytron with more than one vitta besides the sutural one.
First vitta free from the suture for its entire length, the fourth
interrupted. .28-.30 in............ exclamationis, Fabr.
First vitta uniting with the sutural, second and third con-
fluent towards the apex, fourth much reduced. .22-.28
TEs: : Yo, 8 5m 5) COMIUMEL A, ROP:
cc. Each eee wah Brad sutnel Sad one lateral vitta, thorax
with black or dark brown discal mark of variable size, rarely
reaching the base. .20-.25 im............... elegans, Oliv.
bb. Thorax unicolorous, brownish, more or less bronzed, Elytra
with from one to three stripes besides the sutural.
d. Last joint of palpi very large. .24-.32 in......./unata, Fabr.
dd. Last joint of palpi moderate.
Claws approximate, form more oval. .21-.26
MMM ARA ee Pee nc kt ais: So ogees Se . suturalis, Fabr.
Claws not Pancosmnate, fort more ablong:
.24—.30 In.. Peer i Jk;:. > eee .......Similis, Rog.
AA. Elytra with irregular ents: forming more or ates: ee ae pat-
terns; sometimes coalescent, but not forming regular stripes
except close to the suture.
e. Thorax green.
f. Elytra with spots well separated.
as green, first vitta coalescent with
.28—.40 in. (Fig. 21.)..scalaris, Lec.
en not green, first vitta free. .24-.35
Mites iret) dave tin ts philadelphica, Linn.
ff. Elytral spots coalescent, forming a reticu-
late pattern. .30 in.../abyrinthica, Stal.
ee. Thorax either entirely pale or with front
margin so; elytral spots 29) numerous.
.26-.35 in. : .......multipunctata, Say.
The variety of 2 eae ‘Binwene by Kirby is distin-
guished by the large, dark basal thoracic spot. C. spiree, Say, is cata-
logued as a variety of phi/ade/phica, and seems to form a link between
that species and sca/aris, since the sutural line is common and is joined
to a shorter lateral one on each side near the base. An interesting paper
on the group AA, by Mr. G. W. J. Angell, may be found in the first
volume of ‘“‘ Entomologica Americana.” His investigations go to show the -
extreme difficulty of sharply separating the species, though the majority
of specimens will give no trouble in their identification,
202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Lina, Meg.
Two species are known from within our limits, both of them oblong
insects of moderate size, less convex than Chrysomela. The under side
of the body, the head above and a broad dorsal thoracic stripe with
small iateral dot are usually black or greenish-black; the elytra, in cabinet
specimens yellowish or sometimes slightly reddish with black spots.
These spots, in Z. Zapponica, Linn., are rounded, or when confluent form
transverse bands, while in Z. scrzpta, Fabr., they are more elongate, even
linear on the disc, and tend to form longitudinal vitte. A form of Z.
lapponica in which the ground colour of the elytra is red is often found
in spring on willows, sometimes mixed with the ordinary yellowish form;
sometimes nearly the whole generation may be red, as is the case at Iowa
City this year. JZ. scrifta occurs chiefly on poplars and cottonwoods ; a
variety called confluens, by Rogers, has the elytra entirely dark except
the outer margins ; and a form with green elytra is mentioned by Mr.
Crotch ;—they may be distinguished, however, from the varieties of
lapponica by having the claw-joint dentate. My specimens of /apponica
range from .25 to .32 in., while scrip¢a averages a little longer.
PLAGIODERA, Redt.
Oval insects of small size and green or blue colour, the upper
surface convex, shining; elytra punctato-striate. I usually find them
under boards in spring. Mr. Crotch thus separates the two from
Canada :—
Elytral interstices finely punctulate, callus visible. .13-.17
DMG ere bint at 6 4's sheapa nd ope MAMMA Deeiads< She ee eee
Elytral interstices subrugulose, no callus. .14-.16 in...vzrides, Melsh.
The name coch/eari@ is replaced, in the third supplement of Hen- |
shaw’s Check List, by armoracia, Linn. :
GASTROIDEA, Hope.
Contains small species of oblong form, easily recognized by their
resemblance to the common G. fo/ygoni, Linn., so abundant on knot-
grass. Following the arrangement of Mr. Crotch, they may be thus
distinguished :—
Thorax and legs reddish; elytra green or blue......fodygonz, Linn.
Elytra golden, suture purple; thorax golden, usually purplish on
@dees Net Tea Ti UG Sa OU ee
Blue or green, head flat, punctuation fine............cyanea, Mels.
The name viriduda replaces formosa, Say. All of the above are
sinall insects, ranging from ,16 to .20 inch in length,
a
iS)
THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGISI. 20
GONIOCYrENA, Redt.
G. pallida, Linn., is found on willows and poplars. It is .25 in.
long, yellowish-testaceous, the top of the head and a thoracic spot of
variable size (usually attaining the base) blackish. Under surface of
body dark, especially towards the middle, tip of abdomen and sides of
thoracic segments paler. Legs pale, elytra yellowish or reddish, occasion-
ally nearly piceous, sometimes spotted with black, sometimes immaculate
or with only a trace of the spots.
PHYLLODECTA, Kirby.
The Canadian species of /yl/odecta seems to be the same as the
European P. vulgatissima, Linn. It is of oblong-ovate form, not very
convex ; bluish, greenish or bronzed ; thorax distinctly, not very closely,
punctured ; elytra punctato-striate. Legs black ; antennz black, except
the basal joints, which are more or less piceous or ferruginous. Length
about .18 in. There are also existent records of P. vite/ling, Linn., but
no specimens have been seen by us, and Dr. Hamilton, to whom we
wrote for further information, has expressed the opinion in a letter that
all of the Eastern forms belong to the one species. Linneus has
described wte//ine as being a shorter, less oblong form than vadgatissima.
The descriptions of some of the older English writers probably confound
more than one species, according to the word of Dr. Hamilton, who
doubts the occurrence of the true v2fe//7ne in North America.
NOTES ON APHILANTHOPS AND DESCRIPTION OF A
NEW SPECIES.
: BY S. N. DUNNING, HARTFORD, CONN.
Aphilanthops Bakeri, un. sp.
g. Length, 8.5-10 mm.; of anterior wings, about 6-7 mm. Black
with bright yellow markings. Head nearly quadrate, a little wider than
high, closely and finely punctate. Eyes entire, elongate oval, inner
margins parallel, inclined to light olive green. Ocelli in a triangle, the
first a little larger than the last two, and located at the base of a slight
cavity. A small cavity back and on the outer side of each of hind ocelli.
Head covered with a sparse growth of long whitish pubescence, becom-
ing thicker on face and back of eyes. Clypeus yellow and rounded, with
two distinct lobes, each just inside of an imaginary line drawn straight
down from base of antennz, also a small but less distinct lobe between
204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
these two, very slightly blackened between, and including lobes.
Mandibles yellow outwardly, rufous tipped. A narrow curved yellow
Jine just behind eyes. Sides of face yellow, same extending above base
of antenne on both sides and between. Overlapping base of mandibles
is a small fringe of whitish hair. Scape of antenne yellow-ringed at tip
and below, above black, but yellow predominating. First joint flagellum,
short, black, rounded, about one-third as long as second, which, with four
following joints, is distinctly rufous below, and either rufous above or
inclined to black ; rest of antenne black, except the rufous tip. Thorax
black and covered with a sparse growth of whitish hair. Collar, some-
times spot below, tegulze, tubercles and curved spot just back of tubercles,
and a V-shaped mark below and a little back of this, transverse band on
scutellum and post-scutellum, and spot on posterior lateral angles of
metathorax, yellow. Mesothorax finely punctate, but not as closely so as
head. When viewed from the side appears slightly ridged. Scutellum
and post-scutellum rather more sparsely punctate. Metathorax with a
slight rounded cavity. Abdomen black and banded with yellow ; 1-6
segments each with a band, interrupted and slightly sinuose on first, either
interrupted or narrowed on second and sixth, 3-5 narrowed in centre ;
terminal segment black, inclined to rufous at extreme tip ; with a short
growth of whitish hair, finely and closely punctate. First ventral either
with or without a yellow spot and three or four yellow bands (growing
smaller towards tip) on succeeding segments, the last band interrupted.
Hind margin of first three or four segments above inclined to rufous.
Legs yellow and black. Fore coxe yellow tipped and yellow
anteriorly, black posteriorly. Trochanters yellow tipped and yellow
inwardly, outwardly black, Femora, first four-fifths outwardly black,
rest yellow. ‘Tibiz yellow, with small dark spot inwardly and feebly
spinose, slightly inclined to rufous at tip, as are all joints of tarsi except
first, which is yellow. Middle and hind legs marked about the same,
though either yellow or black may predominate on coxe and trochanters.
Wings inclined to dusky, nervures and stigma inclined to ferruginous.
Marginal cell a little longer than first submarginal, appendiculate at
apex. First submarginal about as long as the second and third com-
bined on the cubital nervure, the second receiving recurrent nervure near
centre, third receiving the nervure at end of first, fourth from second.
Stigma with a light-coloured spot before.
Described from two male specimens belonging to Mr. Carl F. Baker
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
(after whom I have taken the liberty of naming this very pretty species),
both from Colorado. [Baker, No. 1631 and 1636].
A. taurulus, Ckll.
A specimen which I have before me |CkIl, No. 4935, Las Cruces,
N.M., ¢ | differs from Mr. Cockerell’s description as given in Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., XXII., p. 293, viz.: Bands on third and fourth segments
distinctly separated instead of merely narrowed ventrals hold one band
instead of three, and where the others should be are two very small yel-
low spots apiece. Middle tibie are lemon-yellow without and rufous
lack within, instead of ‘‘ yellow without and lemon within.” Hind tibize
have first two-fifths all yellow and last three-fifths all black, and not
‘yellow without and black within, but wholly yellow at their proximal
and wholly black at their distal ends.” The sixth segment contains a
small yellow dot.
A. g-notatus, Ashm.
Ihave two ¢ ¢ before me. One from Colorado [ Baker, No. 1631]
and one from Montana, through the kindness of the Am. Ent. Soc. The
yellow is a little brighter and more extended in the Colorado than in the
Montana specimen, which has the third abdominal band separated, while
in the Colorado specimen it is hardly narrowed. Mr. Ashmead’s descrip-
tion says: ‘‘Mandibles yeliow, tips black”; both of above have the yel-
low confined to base of mandibles, then rufous, and tips black.
A. Utahensis, Baker.
Through the kindness of Mr. Baker, I have had the type of this pretty
little species for examination.
A. laticinctus, Cr.
Two males from Colorado were examined [Baker, Nos. 1631 and
1591 |.
A. frigidus, Sm.
Five 9 @. Three from Hartford, Conn.; July 30th, two, and August
6th, one (1893). One from Chicago, Ill., July 31, ’9z, and one from
Asbury Park, N. J., July 14, ’93. Mr. Baker reports this from Colorado.
One specimen shows no yellow on thorax, except band on collar. This
was taken at Hartford, August 6th, 1893.
The above notes would tend to show that the abdominal bands are
unreliable and vary greatly.
Our species may be separated as follows:
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A. Clypeus pic: tridentate, ground colour rufous through-
out. Me SFED LAS . Roe Fe . Utahensis, Baker.
B. Cippenes not afrodaly Eidenaee ground ioloae of at least head and
thorax black.
1. Last dorsal Leas Hoel convex, Teds caites aa bine!
a. Bands of abdomen broad, continuous; clypeus yellow, size
small. webb as 8 Ee ee be ehe RMMEe Gace. otatt eS Nir Oe ee eae an
b. Bands, advenliy pict three, narrow or faerie size larger.
1. Clypeus face and antenne black, except for two small yellow
spots on face near base of mandibles....... taurulus, Cll.
2. Face with three broad yellow stripes, middle one
shortest. ons 0) ane oe s/s mee . frigidus, Sm.
3. Face all vellowe thy RSE as .. Bakeri, Dun.
2. Last abdominal sdemene peetaneuilas ind ‘strongly concave,
clypeus margined with yellow ...... ......... g-notatus, Ashm.
This table is Mr. Baker’s, and is merely adapted to contain the new
species. It was first published in CanapiaN Enromo.ocist, XXVIL.,
p- 335-6.
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA.
The annual report of the Director and his assistants for the year
1895 is a goodly volume of over 400 pages, octavo, and is full of valuable
and interesting matter. The portion contributed by Dr. Fletcher, the
Entomologist and Botanist, contains notices of a large number of injuri-
ous insects that have attracted attention during the season in various
parts of the Dominion, most of them being familiar pests. Among the
less well-known insects referred to may be mentioned the ‘ joint-worm,”
Isosoma. hordet, Harris; the “ cottony grass-scale,” Hriopeltis festuce,
Fonsc. ; the “ cigar case- bearer, ” Coleophora Fletcher ella, Fernald; the
“peach bark- borer, iy
aphis,” Aphis persice-niger, Smith; the “New York plum-scale,”
Lecanium cerasifex, Fitch ; and the “carrot-fly,” Psz/a rose, Fab. The
most injurious insects of the year appear to have been the grasshoppers
of various species, which were excessively abundant in Ontario and the
Eastern Provinces.
Dr. Fletcher includes in his report the experiments in bee-keeping
carried on under his supervision at the Ottawa Farm, and closes with an
account of some of the specially noxious weeds that are proving very
troublesome in Manitoba and the Northwest. On the whole, we look
upon this report’as one of the most useful and interesting that our
Dominion Entomologist has yet published,
Phieotribus liminaris, Harris ; the “ black peach-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207
INDEX TO:THE MANTIDA GF NORTH: AMERICA, NORTH
OF MEXICO.
BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
In 1889, Westwood, in the Synopsis of the then known Mantide,
prefixed to his Revisio insectorum familie Mantidorum, credits to North
America, north of Mexico, nine species belonging to five genera,—
Gonatista, Oligonyx, Thesprotia, Mantis, and Stagmomantis. Several
species were overlooked by him, and in reality up to the present time
twenty-three nominal species have been at different times credited to
this region and referred to ten genera,—Ameles, Empusa, Phasmomantis,
Stagmatoptera, and Theoclytes, besides the foregoing. Several of the
species, however, have been erroneously credited to this country, such as
Empusa gongylodes and Mantis gemmata, both of which are East
Indian. Several of the names, moreover, are synonyms of others, so that
the number of species these references represent is speedily reduced
more than one-half. All of these but JZantis Wheelert Thom., Phasmo-
mantis sumichrasti Sauss., and Oligonyx Uhleri Stal, I have seen, and
to them can add several more not before recognized in the region in
question, six of them being apparently hitherto undescribed, together
with one genus. ‘The total number of species is fifteen or sixteen, and of
genera, eleven, only three of the genera—Litaneutria, Stagmomantis, and
Oligonyx—having more than one species ; undoubtedly more ferms will
be found in the West and South.
The group is thus seen to be almost as poorly represented in tem-
perate North America as the Phasmidz [See Can. EnT., XXVII., 29].
No species is known to occur in Canada, though a single species or two
may possibly be looked for in Southern Ontario and in Assiniboia. The
genera, with one exception, belong to the subfamily Mantine, and may
be separated by the following table, largely adopted from those already
given for these insects, by Stal, Bruner, and de Saussure. I add at the
end a revision of the nomenclature of the described species, and a
determination of the species figured by Glover.
TABLE OF THE GENERA.
A‘. Upper surface of middle and hind femora and tibie rounded ; head
unarmed (MANTIN#).
bt. Inner margin of upper surface of fore coxz not conspicuously
dilated apically.
08
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
c'. Pronotum but slightly longer than fore cox ; eyes more or
less conical ; hind femora armed exteriorly with an apical
spine.
d'. Eyes distinctly pointed (conico-acuminate) above ; hind
femora delicately incrassate basally, in the 9 nearly
twice as long as the pronotum; tegmina and wings
abbreviate or wanting in both sexes; cerci long, distinctly
surpassing the infragenital plate ............. Yersinia.
d°. Eyes trigonal, scarcely pointed above ; hind femora linear,
in the @ but little longer than the pronotum ; tegmina
and wings fully developed in the ¢, abbreviate in the
2 ; cerci short, not or scarcely surpassing the infragenital
Plate ins. s Lie cia Ee ey bce Riena vy sole spn om eee
c’. Pronotum much longer than fore coxe ; eyes rotundate ;
hind femora with no apical spine.
d'. Antenne filiform.
e'. Broadest portion of pronotum far in advance of the
middle, the sides in front distinctly tapering ; outer
margin of fore femora armed with main spines only.
f'. Body of ¢ very elongate ; anal membrane of
tegmina violet..............Phasmomantis.
f'. Body of ¢ moderately elongate; anal mem-
brane of tegmina light coloured.
g'. Anal and axillary veins of tegmina
independent and simple through-
OU.) 5. a) Lae ees
g. Anal and axillary veins of tegmina
apically confluent..... Stagmomantis,
e*. Broadest portion of pronotum hardly in advance of
the middle, the sides in front paralle! or subparallel;
outer margin of fore femora armed with numerous
distinct spinules between the main spines.. Gonatista.
d*. Antenne incrassate beyond the base and thereafter taper-
TAGs dhe aed a ole o's lovelnsabvnier here Jbl « aiaraiek ee aan
b?. Inner margin of upper surface of fore coxz abruptly and con-
siderably dilated at apex.
c’, Fore tibiz longer than their apical claw.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
d'. Fore and hind sections of pronotum subequal in
SUMP EY te tds, © ei § Lepbmemiae la. Gies> so Snide SA OBLON YK
d*. Hind section of pronotum twice as long as fore
PGR 25) 255. ¢ Sera hs 0553. 2 ORO MANTIS.
c*. Fore tibiz no longer than their apical claw...... Thesprotia.
A’. Upper surface of middle and hind femora and tibiz carinate ; middle
of head with an erect process as long as the head (VaTIN#)
ios a swt L COLES «
SUBFAMILY MANTIN&.
YERSINIA Saussure.
I know of but a single and undescribed species in the United States,
of which I have specimens obtained by Morrison, in Colorado, on the
plains at the base of the Rocky Mountains, and by myself at Garland,
Costilla Co., Colorado, at a height of about 8,000 feet. Probably it is
this species which Bruner found in Western Nebraska and referred
(Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., 1893, 22) doubtfully to Y. mexicana. ‘The
species, which may be called Y. so/itaria, is slenderer and slightly
smaller than Y. mexicana, and is apterous in both sexes.
LITANEUTRIA Saussure.
The only species of this genus heretofore known as such was
described from Sonora, but we have more than one species in the West.
One is Z. minor (Stagmatoptera minor Scudd.), figured by Glover (IIl.
N. A. Ent., Orth., pl. 13, fig. 12), and of which I have seen specimens
from Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Nebraska. It was
originally described from the 2 only. A very small 2, apparently of
this species, from Bridger Basin, Wyoming, is in the Museum of Comp.
Zoology. Bruner has also sent me specimens from Arizona, California,
and Kansas, and it is probably the ‘‘ Ameles sp.” mentioned by him (N.
A. Fauna, VII., 266) as found in New Mexico, Arizona, California,
Southern Idaho, and Middle Nevada. The undescribed ‘“ Ameles
borealis ” of Bruner (Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci., 1893, 22), from Northern
and North-western Nebraska, of which he has kindly shown me a pair of
Q’s, is perhaps distinct from it, with smoother pronotum. Another species,
closely allied to this, differing indeed only, so far as I have seen, in the
far greater depth of the fuliginous mottling of the wing of the male (both
have the same large sub-basal fuligino-fuscous spot, seen also in Z.
ocularis Sauss.),is apparently undescribed, and occurs in Arizona, South-
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ern California.and Lower California ; it may be called Z. obscura. I
have also females from Utah and New Mexico which may belong to
either of the above. Still another species occurs in Northern California,
in the Shasta region, in which the wings are feebly and uniformly fuligi-
nous, having no sub-basal fuligino-fuscous spot ; it may be called Z.
pacifica. In all of them the front border of the tegmina is griseo-
pellucid, and thus different from the Sonoran Z. ocudaris; this last
species comes nearest Z. minor. The males in this genus are fully
winged, the females brachypterous and of a very different appearance.
PHASMOMANTIS Saussure.
P. sumichrasti Sauss., a Mexican species, is reported by Saussure
and Zehntner (Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth., 149) as found in Texas. I have
seen no specimen of the genus from the United States.
CALLIMANTIS Stal.
I place in this genus a single species which differs considerably from
the type, C. antillarum (Sauss.), in general livery and in lacking any
apical spine to the hind femora. It is an undescribed species from
Florida, a trifle smaller than C. anti/larum and closely resembling a
miniature Stagmomantis carolina. It may be called C. foridana. I have
only seen the male, which was probably green in life, but is now
uniformly testaceous, the tegmina hyaline, without stigma, the costal
margin like the rest, and the first ulnar branch completely simple ; the
wings are hyaline, but are rather sparsely tessellate with fuscous in their
posterior third, and the ulnar vein is simple ; the proportions and general
shape of the pronotum are those of Stagm. carolina, and, as there, it is
unarmed ; the anterior upper margin of the fore coxe is armed with
slight, distant spines, and the hind femora and tibie are tipped ace
with fuscous. The expanse of the tegmina is 45 mm.
_ STAGMOMANTIS Saussure.
Of this genus I can recognize but two species, Z: caro/ina (Linn.)
and .S. Zimbata (Hahn), readily distinguished by the great and uniform
width of the costal field of the tegmina in the 2 of the latter, where it is
nearly one-third the entire width of the tegmina, and the green colour and
opacity of the same field in the f. The former species is strongly
dimorphic in the 9, one form (carolina) having the tegmina strongly
mottled with fuscous and the wings strongly fuliginous throughout, with a
deep patch at the apex; the other (d/mdiata), which is generally:
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. at
classed as a distinct species, is entirely green, but with the posterior half
of the wings sometimes strongly infuscated in the cells. As occurring in
the United States, I do not see how the two forms can be specifically
separated, as there are no similar distinctions in the very variable male,
which is never green, but in which the tegmina may be wholly hyaline
except along the costal margin, or they may be flecked with fuscous, or
wholly suffused with fuliginous, while the wings vary from wholly hyaline
to wholly fuliginous, with a tendency to a greater amount of fuliginous
posteriorly. In some specimens from Las Cruces, N. Mex., the base of
the wings is feebly violet. The species appears to be even more variable
in Mexico, and the South American forms referred to dimidiata seem
also to belong here. In the United States it is found (both forms
indiscriminately) along the entire southern tier of States and territories
from Florida to Arizona (Ft. Buchanan, south of Tucson, and Ft.
Whipple, near Prescott), but I have neither seen nor heard of specimens
from the Pacific Coast proper. From here it ranges north to Maryland,
southern Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and Utah, to judge from specimens
seen by me. It is also reported from New Jersey [Smith], Pennsylvania
[Westwood], Kentucky [Garman], and Nebraska [Bruner]. Saussure
credits it to Cuba and Bolivar, accordingly, places it in the Cuban list, but
says it does not exist in the Gundlach collection. On the other hand, I
have received it from Gundlach under the number 3. It is also found at
Key West. It is in the highest degree probable that Thomas’s JZantis
Wheelert belongs to this species and probably to the form named fodteca
by Saussure, which Saussure and Zehntner have separated as a distinct
species. It seems to me rather a geographical race.
S. limbata (viridimargo and celludaris Burm.; longipennis Sauss.)
has never been reported from the United States, but is found on our
extreme Southern borders, as I have seen specimens taken at Matamoras,
Mex., just over the border, on the Rio Grande ; from the old Ringgold
Barracks, on the lower Rio Grande [Schott]; an unspecified point in
Texas, Schaupp [Henshaw]; Arizona, Morrison [Henshaw]; and Las
Cruces, N. Mex. [Cockerell].
Gonatista Saussure.
We have a single species of this genus in the United States, G.
grisea (Fabr.), which has many synonyms. It occurs in Cuba and San
Domingo, and rarely in the Eastern United States, where it is probably an
interloper. I have specimens from Key West and Fernandina, Fla., and
from Georgia, and recently Mr. Blatchley sent me a specimen taken in
Indiana. It was figured by Glover (pl. 16, figs. 13-15) as from Florida,
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BRUNNERIA Saussure.
A single female specimen of this genus, remarkable for its peculiar
antenne, is in my collection, collected by Aaron on the Gulf Coast of
Texas. It is distinct from the species heretofore described, all four of
which come from S. America, the genus being unknown in Mexico and
Central America. It may be called B&B. doreal/is. It is completely
apterous, very elongate and slender, greenish with a ferruginous tinge
which is predominant on the thorax ; the antenne, pallid at base,
are pale ferruginous in the swollen portion, growing luteous beyond ; the
posterior part of the pronotum is three times as long as the anterior and
is rather distinctly beaded with tubercules or blunt spinules along its
lateral margins ; the supra-anal plate is sublanceolate, much longer than |
its basal breadth, and the cerci slender, delicately tapering, about half as
long as the fore femora. Length of body about 50 mm.; of antennez
about 12 mm. This specimen is doubless immature, for a second, much
larger, mature specimen from Texas, obtained by A. Agassiz, is in the
Museum of Comp. Zoology. It has short and broad tegmina, reaching
only the middle of the metanotum, and the body is 88 mm. long.
OLIGONYX Saussure.
Three species belonging to this genus, as latterly restricted, have
been described from the United States : O. Scudder Sauss., from Georgia ;
O. Uhleri Stal, from Louisiana; and O. do/ianus SaussZehntn., from
Texas and Northern Mexico. The first has also been credited, by Stal, to
Texas, and is figured under this name by Glover (Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., pl.
16, fig. 11, 2), and as Mantis missourtensis Riley, by the same (Ibid., pl.
13, fig 11, ¢). Whether these nominal species are distinct from one
another I have not now sufficient means of deciding. O. Scudder,
though labelled as coming from Georgia, was originally thought by Saussure
to really come from Central America, but he is now evidently of a differ-
ent opinion, as it is not included in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. I
have a specimen from Carolina which agrees with his description of O.
Scudderi, and an immature specimen, apparently of this genus and about
6 mm. long, was found with others running about in a house in Water-
ville, N. Y., and sent to Mr. J. A. Lintner with enquiries. It proved to
have probably hatched from eggs accidentally sent in the “moss”
(Usnea) used in packing a barrel of oranges from Florida. So the genus
occurs in the South-eastern States. My Carolina specimen is a trifle
Se
OO EE Ee ee ee eee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oe
stouter than numerous specimens from Texas (Boll, Belfrage, Lincecum),
which altogether agree with O. do//ianus, as do specimens sent me from
Lincoln, Nebr., by Bruner, as Mantis mtssouriensis. I am therefore
inclined to believe these two supposed species to be identical, and proba-
bly distinct from Stal’s darker O. Ufleri, which I have not seen.
BacrromMantis (Saxtpov, Mantis), gen. nov.
Closely allied to Oligonyx, and, indeed, equivalent to the second
division of that genus by Stal (Bihang K. Svensk. Akad. Handl., 1v., No.
10, 67), to which he refers an unnamed species from Mexico. It com-
prises those species hitherto placed in Oligonyx (Stal, emend.) as have
a very elongate instead of abbreviate pronotum, in which the hinder
section is fully twice as long as the fore section. ‘To it belongs only a
single species from the United States, which may be called 2. virga
(possibly the species given in Westwood’s Synopsis as Zhesprotia bacu-
/ina Bates MS., from Eastern Florida may be the same). I have only
seen the apterous female ; it is testaceous, the fore femora obscurely and
narrowly banded with fuscous, the other legs greenish yellow ; the apex
of the femora broadly, the base and apex of the tibiz narrowly, infus-
cated. Length of body, 43 mm.; of pronotum, 15 mm. Sandford,
Fla.; collected by Frazer.
THESPROTIA Stal.
We have a single species of this genus, Z: graminis, named by
_ Bates and described by me many years ago as an Oligonyx. I described
only the g¢; the ? is apterous. It occurs in Florida, from Key West
northward, and in Georgia.
SUBFAMILY VATIN&.
THEOCLYTES Serville.
I here follow Saussure rather than Stal in restricting Serville’s genus
to his first subdivision, or what Serville at the outset terms Zheoc/ytes
propric dicta. The only species known in the United States is 7:
chlorophea (Blanch.), which occurs throughout Mexico, and is said to
extend, says Saussure, to the United States as far as New York. It was
originally described from Watertown, N. Y., but has since been recorded
only from Central America, Mexico, and Louisiana. Saussure remarks
that it probably does not extend northward beyond the Southern States.
This seems altogether probable. The only specimen I possess comes
from just over the Texan border at Matamoras,
214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Revision of the Nomenclature.
Ameles borealis Brun,, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., 1893, 22 = Litaneura
borealis.
Ameles mexicana Brun., Ibid., 1893, 22 = Yersinia solitaria?
«© sp., Brun., N. A. Fauna, vil., 266 (1893) = Litaneura minor.
Empusa chlorophza Blanch., Hist. Nat. Ins., ui, 2 (1840) = Zheo-
clytes chlorophea.
Empusa gongylodes Westw., Drury’s Ins., 1., 122 (1837), East Indian.
Gonatista grisea Sauss., Mant. Amer., 23 (1871) = Gownatista grisea. |
Mantis carolina Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, i, 691 (1767) = Stagmo-
mantis carolina.
Mantis chlorophza Blanch., Mag. Zool., v., 135 (1835) = TZheoclytes
chlorophea.
Mantis conspurcata Serv., Orth., 190 (1839) = Stagmomantis carolina, 8 .
Mantis ferox Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 1859, 60 = Stagmomantis
carolina.
Mantis gemmata Stoll’, Spectres 71 (1787), East Indian.
‘* gongylodes Drury, Ill., 1., 129 (1770), East Indian,
‘* grisea Fabr., Ent. Syst., i1., 20 (1793) = Gonatista grisea.
‘* ynquinata Serv., Orth., 191 (1839) = Stagmomantis carolina.
Mantis missouriensis Riley, Giov., Ill. N. A. Ent., Orth., pl. 13, fig.
11 (1872) = Oligonyx Scuddert.
Mantis phryganoides Serv., Orth., 198 (1839) = Gonatista grisea.
Mantis Wheeleri Thom., Rep. Geol. Surv. rooth mer., v., 849
(1875) = Stagmomantis carolina ?
Oligonyx bollianus Sauss.-Zehntn., Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth., 173
pl. 9, fig. 17 (1894) = Oligonyx Scuddert. :
Oligonyx graminis Bates, Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix.,
go (1877) = Thesprotia graminis.
Oligonyx Scudderi~ Sauss., Mant. Amer., 121, pl. 2, fig. 24, 24a
(1871) = Oligonyx Scudder.
Oligonyx Uhleri Stal, Bih. K. Svensk. Akad. Handl., iv., No. 10, 66
(1877) = Oligonyx Uhlert.
Phasmomantis carolina Brun., Bull. Washb. Coll., i., 125 (1885) =
Stagmomantis carolina.
Phasmomantis sumichrasti Sauss.-Zehntn., Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth.,
149 (1894) = Phasmomantis sumichrasti.
THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 215
Pseudovates chlorophea Westw., Rev. Mant., 24 (1889)
chlorophea.
Stagmatoptera minor Scudd., Rep. Geol. Surv. Nebr., 251 (1872) =
Litaneura minor.
Stagmomantis carolina Sauss., Mant. Amer., 46 (1871) = Stagmo-
mantis carolina.
Stagmomantis dimidiata Sauss., Ibid., 48 (1871) = Stagmomantis
carolina.
Stagmomantis minor Sauss., Ibid., 54 (1871) = Létaneura minor.
Stagmomantis_ tolteca Sauss.-Zehntn., Biol. Centr. Amer., Orth., 143
(1894) = Stagmomantis carolina.
Theoclytes chlorophea Serv., Orth., 153 (1839) = Zheoclytes chloro-
phea.
Thesprotia baculina Bates, Westw., Rev. Mant., 5 (1889) = Bactro-
mantis virgo ?
Explanation of the figures of Mantide
on the plates of Glover’s Illustrations of N. A. Entomology, Orthoptera :—
Pl. 2. Stagmomantis carolina (Linn.).
Pl. 12, fig. 16. Noname or locality is given; it probably does not
come from the United States.
Pl. 13, fig. 11. Oligonyx Scudderi Sauss., 2.
fig. 12. Litaneura minor (Scudd.), 9.
Pl. 16, fig. 11. Oligonyx Scudderi Sauss., 2.
fig. 13. Gonatista grisea (Fabr.), pupa.
Theoclytes
lI
fig. 14. : rs Soi
fig. 14a. af es ootheca.
fig. 14b. i cs larva.
fig. 15. - 3.
A VARIETY OF HEPIALUS ARGENTEO-MACULATUS.
BY E. F. HEATH, ‘‘ THE HERMITAGE,” CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
When Mr. Fletcher was looking over my cases of moths during the
short visit he paid me last summer, he particularly noticed a series of
Hepialus argenteo-maculatus, and suggested that a short description of a
variety that I have taken here would be interesting.
This variety differs so much from the normal type that it might
almost be a distinct species, but that is a point I cannot pretend to
determine.
216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The ordinary specimens I have taken here measure from 3% to 3%4
inches across the expanded wing, but this variety only averages about 2
inches. The ground colour of the fore wings in the case of one female is
almost white, with markings similar in pattern to those of the large
variety, faintly outlined in greenish-brown; the wings are also rather
more pointed than in the normal type. The hind wings are smoke-
coloured,-as are also the thorax and abdomen. In another specimen, a
male, the fore wings are white with a slight shade of salmon colour,
without any markings whatever; the hind wings are a shade or two
darker, and the thorax and abdomen correspond in colour to the wings
adjacent to them.
The habits of both varieties are very similar. I have taken both
flying with their peculiar oscillating flight over low cherry scrub, or just
on the verge of higher patches. It is a very curious sight to see several
of these large moths performing their oscillations for several minutes over
the same spot soon after sunset in the early summer—July ; the flight
being very rapid.
Here I believe the larva to feed upon both the wild black and red
cherry, for I have once or twice shaken the pupa out of the roots of
cherry scrub when digging some scrubby ground for a garden. I remem-
ber being much struck by the locomotive powers of one that I laid aside
for a few minutes, and which managed to wriggle a considerable distance,
comparatively, in a short space of time.
NOTE ON EUTOLYPE ELECTUS:
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A.M., HILDESHEIM.
Prof. Roland Thaxter has sent me a specimen of what may be Z.
electilis, Morrison, and says: ‘‘ The Zutolyfe is, as I suppose, e/ectz/is, and_
is subject to very great variation as to the depth and disposition of the
darker shades and the clearness of the maculation, some being more or
less obliterate and others on the plan of Coelodasys biguttatus, var.
cinereofrons.” This is the first specimen 7 have had, and I can only say
it represents a species distinct from Ro/andi or depilis. Unfortunately,
the abdomen is missing, and I cannot say if it is tufted. The black dash
described by Morrison is incomplete. I saw the type in the Tepper
collection, but had no opportunity of comparing it with the others. It
reminded me, on a very cursory examination, of mwuradzs, but as all the
species have the peculiar facies of the group, this comparison goes for
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ail
nothing. In my Bremen List I suggest the identity of dombyctformis,
Sm., with e/ecti/is, and this, considering what Prof. Thaxter says of the
variability of e/ecti/is, may prove to be the case. The two descriptions do
not contradict essentially. On page 59 of his paper, Prof. Smith says:
“I do not know where Morrison’s type is to be found.’””’ On page 57 he
says: ‘‘ There is a badly-rubbed specimen, I believe in the Tepper col-
lection marked ‘ type’ by Mr. Morrison, in which the basal dash is broad
and suffused ; but I did not otherwise compare it with the description.”
I may ask why this specimen is not Morrison’s type, since all other types
in coll. Tepper are pronounced without doubt to be “the type”? With
such a variable species as e/ecti/is evidently is, I cannot do more than
suggest that Morrison’s. type be looked up by Prof. Smith. This type
must be still in the Tepper collection, from which Prof. Smith has again
had types only recently in working the Wyfenine. To have this matter
cleared up would be a great help, as “ e/ecti/is” is cumbering our lists
without being positively applied to any species in the collections.
JOHN B. LEMBERT.
The tidings of the tragic death of ‘the Entomologist of the
Yosemite,” as he was locally called, was a great shock to his many
correspondents. On the roth of April last, a passing Indian found the
body of Mr. Lembert lying dead in his cabin, with a large bullet-hole in
his head, over the right temple. He had evidently been murdered, as the
cabin was found locked on the outside with a padlock. The crime is
supposed to have been the work of some Indian whom he had offended,
as he had no money or other valuables. From the condition of the body
it was considered that the murder had been committed about the first of
April. :
Mr. Lembert was a native of New York, but had lived for many
years among the mountains of California. He owned a bit of Jand at
the headquarters of the Tolumne River, at an altitude of 9,000 feet, and
lived there like a hermit till his property was included in the Yosemite
Park. As he wrote me last year, he then lost his home and was ‘ shut
out of making a living from the stockmen. Mr. Dyar came along like an
angel unawares, and, at the age of fifty-one, he commenced to collect
insects, having been living in the sight of nature continuously for twenty
years.” He occasionally acted as guide to parties visiting the moun-
tains, and in this way made the acquaintance of Mr. Dyar, who in-
218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
terested him in entomology, and taught him how to observe and collect.
This was in 1891. He was, therefore, 56 years of age at the time of his
death, though supposed to be a very much older man. He succeeded in
collecting a number of rare species, and made many careful observations
on the life habits of these and others, some of which have been published
in this and other entomological magazines. The last time I heard from
him was in February, when he sent me some specimens and a note on
the preparatory stages of Arctia virginalis. His untimely death is a loss
to entomology, as he was a keen observer and diligent collector in a
little-known locality, and had only just begun a work which would have
been of great value. He lived all alone among the mountains, and has
left neither wife nor child to mourn his departure. CnjiS) et
Coxiias C#sonra.—lIn our last issue the capture of this butterfly at
Toronto was recorded.. Mr. James Walker, of Orillia, Ont., writes: ‘I
saw numbers of Codéas Cesonia flying over a clover field to-day (July
13th). I captured four, two of which were perfect. I had only liberty
to walk on the edge of the field, or I might have been more successful.
Mr. Grant has also captured five or six.”
Mr. E. F. Heath writes, from Cartwright, Manitoba: ‘On June
rgth I captured a rather worn specimen of C. Cesonia. A few days
subsequently I had a distant view of what I took to be another example.
On July roth I chased, but did not succeed in capturing, a fresh-looking
specimen, and on the r5th was fortunate enough to take a very good one.
I have since seen one or two more. It is not very easy of capture when
assisted by a prairie breeze. This is the first time I have noticed the
butterfly during a residence in the country of sixteen years,”
LipyTHEA BAcHMANI.—Mr. McDonough captured a specimen east _
of Toronto, in 1895, and one in his garden in the city on the 7th of
June last. The only previous Canadian records are Port Stanley, London
and Hamilton. — ,
THECLA SHERIDANI.—No less than fifteen specimens. of this ex-
tremely rare butterfly were taken in the foothills west of Fort Collins,
Colorado, at the end of April, by Professor Gillette, of the State Agri-
cultural College, Fort Collins, and Mr. S. T. Mason, of Denver,
Colorado.
Mailed August Ist.
pte Canati tray = ee
VOL. XXVIII. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, piloted No. 9.
A HOUSE-INFESTING SPRING - TAIL
(Lepidocyrtus americanus, n. sp. ).
BY C. L. MARLATT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
fy a= ry. P d
or
Fic. 22—Lefpidocyrtus americanus, n. sp.
a, lateral view of female; 4, foot; c, tip of spring; d, scale; ¢, labrum ;
; mandibles; g, maxilla: and labium (original).
In the course of a comprehensive study of insects frequenting dwell-
ings, attention was early drawn to a very handsome little Collembolan,
which occurs commonly in moist situations in houses in Washington. It
may often be found on window-sills, especially if there is unusual moisture
from the presence of window plants, or in bathrooms, and, in fact, where-
ever moist conditions prevail. ‘This species is a very handsome one, and
seems, from reference to the authorities, to be undescribed. From the
manner of its holding the head, bent downwards almost at right-angles to
the thorax, it would seem to fall into the genus Lepidocyrtus, erected by
Sir John Lubbock. In habit it has in Europe a close ally in Sezra
domestica, Nicolet, which, as its name implies, is a frequenter of houses,
and is separated generically from Lepidocyrtus by rather unimportant
characters. Before referring to this insect in a popular article, it seems
desirable to have a technical description put on record, and the following
characterization of the species has therefore been prepared :—
220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
=———$————————$———————— LR,
Lepidocyrtus americanus, Nn. sp.
Length, 1.5 mm.; with spring unfolded above 2 mm.; head bent
strongly downward, as in Z. curvicollis, Lubbock ; antennz 4-jointed,
more than one-half length of body ; basal joint not much more than one-
half length of others, which are subequal ; abdomen with four segments,
the third of which equals one-third length of body; legs tapering, with
minute terminal tarsal joint ; armed at apex with large spur, notched at
tip and below, which is a strong simple spur or spine ; spring more than
half length of body, jointed at centre, the apical portion bifurcated ;
densely clothed with long fine hairs; terminal rays very finely and
regularly comb-notched on lower or posterior edge and somewhat curved
downward at tip, with three or four short, rather distinct, teeth at extreme
tip ; catch-a strong groove or sheath extending one-third length of venter
of abdomen and grasping spring strongly up to middle joint ; body
clothed with flat striate scales, and dorsally with scattering heavy, almost
clubbed, hairs ; the anterior margin of pronotum is ornamented with very
dense tuft or fringe of strong hairs ; hairs of antennz and legs for the
most part fine and long. Colour silvery gray, marked with violet-purple,
lighter on antennz and legs and very dark on body markings; eyes
black ; antenne, except base of lower joints, femora and tibiz, with spot
connecting antennz, light purple ; anterior and lateral margins of thorax,
spots along side of body, hind margin of second, third and fourth abdom-
inal segments, lateral spot on middle of third segment, dark purple,
sometimes appearing almost black. *
One-third and one-half grown specimens do not differ from adult
notably, except in size and very slightly in coloration. The illustration
which is presented herewith is sufficiently elucidated in the accompanying ~
explanation, In the figure the head is bent up more than in its normal
position in state of rest. The mouthparts are very difficult to work out.
The labrum is simple. The mght and left mandibles differ notably in the
character of the teeth on their inner edges. The maxilie and labium are
of similar structure, consisting of large basal lobes, apically covered with
long and rather dense brushes of hairs. The food of the insect, from the
appearance of the alimentary canal, consists of particles of dust, possibly
taken by the insect in its feeding on the moist vegetable moulds of decay
which may be assumed to be its normal food, in the absence of any other
evident material on which it could subsist.
bo
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e
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
STILL ANOTHER APHILANTHOPS.
BY T, D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, NEW MEXICO,
Aphilanthops concinnulus, n. sp.—Q. Length, 9 mm.. Rufous,
with white markings, a rather obscure broad black band extending across
vertex, including most of the ocelli, its lower margin concave, mandibles
darkened towards tips, mid and hind tarsi darkened. The white or
yellowish-white marks consist of a small spot on each lower corner of
face, a small obscure suffused spot on mandibles near base, the prothorax
above, the tegule except extreme base, the tubercles, a large patch behind
tubercles having a linear oblique projection above, the anterior margin of
scutellum, a spot on each side, the postscutellum, spots at the apices of
anterior and hind femora, longitudinal bands on all the tibiz, a large patch
on each side of the first. three abdominal segments, a band on the fourth,
a broad quadrate spot medially on the fifth. Venter immaculate. Face
with the usual silvery appressed pile. General structure, wings, etc., as
in guadrinotatus, but the third submarginal cell is much less produced at
its apex, and the third at its base, than in guadrinotatus, this character,
however, being liable to variation. The anterior tarsi present numerous
gray spatulate hairs. The apex of the abdomen is of the same type as
in guadrinotatus,
6. Length,8 mm. Biack with white markings ; the legs, the first
segment of the abdomen, the second and sometimes the third more or less
dorsally, the sides of the prothorax and greater part of metathorax some-
times, dark rufous. Markings as in 9, except that the clypeus is yellowish-
white, the anterior and middle femora have a white subapical patch
behind, the abdomen above has five continuous bands, the second and
third sometimes narrowly interrupted, the venter has three white bands,
interrupted in the middle. Apex of abdomen pointed. Scape dark
rufous with a pale yellowish ring. Face densely covered with silvery
pile. Clypeus (if the light portion wholly coincides with it) very low and
broad, with a median lobe extending upwards; it is probable, however
that the sides of the clypeus above are dark. Anterior margin of clypeus
with three very distinct, but small, teeth. A brush of yellowish hairs in
front of each mandible at its base. Mandibles rufous, with a light spot
at base, simple. Punctuation of vertex much closer than in faurulus.
Nervures and stigma piceous or black.
Hab.—Several of both sexes, Rincon, New Mexico, July 5, visiting
the flowers of Chilopsis saligna, Don. (Bignoniacez), in the river bed.
One A. ¢taurulus was taken with them.
222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. :
I am convinced that these are the sexes of one species, but the ¢
and 2 would come at opposite ends of Mr. Dunning’s table (Can. Enr.,
XXVIII, 206). The males known from North America, with three teeth
on the anterior edge of the clypeus, may be separated thus :-—
(r.) Ground colour rufous................... ...atahensis, Baker.
(2.) Ground colour black.
(a.) Head and thorax densely hairy. ..4éspidus, Fox (L. Cala.).
(b.) Head and thorax not unusually hairy... .comcinnulus, Ckll.
The female of concinnulus is smaller than guadrinotatus, and has not
the black head and thorax.
NEW COCCIDA FROM MASSACHUSETTS AND NEW MEXICO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M,
In Europe and in New Zealand species of the genus Azfers/a have
been found, which lived in the nests of certain ants. It had always
seemed to me singular that nothing of the kind should occur in this
country ; but Mr. G. B. King has proved that they merely wanted look-
ing for, his researches in Massachusetts having led to the discovery of
three species, here briefly described.
(1.) Ripersia Kingii,n. sp.—Q. About 14 mm. long, oval, legs
and antenne very pale yellowish ; the natural colour of the insect could
not be determined from the alcoholic specimens, but Mr. King states
that when alive it is pink, shading into purple. Mentum (so-called)
elongate, dimerous, with four bristles in a group at each side near the
tip, and two on the sides further up, at considerable intervals. Antennz
fairly stout, 6-jointed: 6 much longest, and about as long as 3, 4 and 5
together. Formula 6 (21) (534). All with very sparse whorls of hairs,
6 with 3 whorls. Femur stout, with four bristles on its outer margin. ~
Tibia a little shorter than femur, with four long bristles on outer margin
and two on inner. ‘Tarsus distinctly longer than tibia. Claw very long,
sharp, not much curved. Digitules very inconspicuous, filiform, with
very minute knobs. Anal ring with 6 moderately small hairs. Caudal
tubercles low, scarcely developed, with several hairs like those of the
anal ring. Dermis with very few short hairs. Antenne about as far
apart as the length of a femur.
Hab.—Dracot, Mass., April 14, 1896, with Zaszus flavus, L., very
abundant [G. B. King]. From the character of the legs, I think these
specimens are only of the second stage, but in any event the species
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 223
seems quite distinct. Another lot, also from Dracot, April 20, 1895,
“with Lasius claviger, Rog., and Z. flavus, very common,” presents no
structural differences, though Mr. King gives the colour when alive as
purple. A third lot, “with Zasius claviger and L. flavus, Lawrence,
Mass., April ro, 1894, colour purple,” also agrees with 2. Azugiz; but
one specimen of this lot has the antennal formula 631 (245), 6 with only
two whorls of hairs, and may represent another species. Another has
the formula 63 (21) (54).
(2.) Ripersia lasii, n. sp.—?. Small, elongate-oval, clear white
when alive (as I learn from Mr. King); legs ordinary, rather slender ;
tibia slender at base, almost as long as femur, but only about half as
thick ; tarsus about two-thirds length of tibia ; claw rather long, pointed,
slender ; tibia and tarsus each with three short bristles on inner side.
Trochanteric bristle not very long. Mentum dimerous, three hairs on
each side near tip. Digitules apparently absent. Antenne 7-jointed: 7
longest, longer than 5+6, but not quite as long as 4+5+6; 2 next
longest ; 3, 4-and 6 subequal ; 5 shortest, a very little broader than long.
Joints with very sparse whorls of hairs: 7 with three whorls, 7 a little
constricted about the beginning of its apical third. Another specimen
has only 6-jointed antenne, varying thus like the European &.
pulveraria: 3 is almost as long as 6. Formula 6 (31) 254. Four
is as broad as long. As in fulveraréa, the third joint divides to
make the 7 joints. The joints are more constricted at the sutures
than in pulveraria as figured by Newstead.
From &. Aingii it differs by the narrower third joint of antenne,
the somewhat less tapering apical joint, the more slender tibia and
tarsus, the tarsus less tapering to claw, the claw less curved, femur
not so stout, tarsal hairs shorter, stronger, not so curved, mentum shorter
in proportion to its length, legs rather brownish than yellowish,
Hab.—Methuen, Mass., June 17, 1896, with Zasius americanus,
Em., not common [G. B. King]. Another lot is marked by Mr. King,
“with Lasius flavus, L., Methuen,:Mass., Oct. to, 1894, colour clear
white, not very common.” This is, I think, certainly the second stage of
R. /asti, and may be described thus: Very slightly over r mm. long,
rather elongate-cylindrical, though not excessively so; legs quite large ;
femur fairly stout, but not so stout as in adult ; tibiz somewhat shorter
than tarsi. Antenne 6-jointed: 6 about as long as 3+4+ 5, but not so
long as in the adult. Formula 63 (21) (54). This second stage may be
224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
known from A7zzgiz by the third joint of the antenne being distinctly
longer than the second, as well as by the quite different colour when alive.
(3.) Ripersia flaveola, n. sp.—. Rather slender, about 1% mm.
long, colour about a light French yellow when alive (Mr. King informs
me); antenne slender, 6-jointed: 6 longest, a little longer than 4+5 ; 2,
3 and 4 subequal, 4 a little the shorter, but quite remarkably long, fully
twice as long as broad ; 1 next longest, then 5, which is a third longer
than broad; 3 has a deep constriction at its distal third, so that it looks
as if there were 7 joints, with a very small 4th, broader than long ; 6
with three whorls of hairs. Legs slender, except femur, which 1s fairly
stout. Tibia about as long as femur, tarsus about two-thirds length of
tibia. Claw rather long, fairly stout, not much curved, with a small sub-
basal tubercle on its inner side. Digitules apparently wanting. Mentum
rather short, ordinary.
- Another shows 7-jointed antennz : 4 dividing into two, so we have
4, 5 and 6 all short and equal, or about so, 5 a little the shorter. This
differs from 7-jointed 2. Zaséz in being longer and slenderer, the sutures
between the joints nearly flat for the most part, 6 much narrower, 2 and
3 longer, especially 2, which is at least twice as long as broad.
Hab.—Methuen, Mass., April 18, 1896, with Lastus claviger, Rog.,
not common [G. B. King]. Differs at once from &. Zomdinii by the
antenne ; it is smaller thah 2. corynephari.
(4.) Dactylopius prosopidis, n. sp.—Q. Oval, about 2 mm. long,
pale gray, varying to dark slate-gray and pale brownish-gray, with a
sparse mealy covering, which is most dense along back and at sides,
leaving fairly well-defined broad subdorsal bands of a somewhat darker
colour, due not to pigment, but to the exposure of the body. No caudal
or lateral cottony filaments, except in half-grown individuals, which show
six short cottony caudal tufts.
The females live in subspherical masses on the twigs, after the fashion
of D. filamentosus,and are attended by ants. The ? forms a dense cushion
of white cottony matter, on which it rests; this cushion is visible all
round the margin of the insect, and does not at first protrude greatly
behind. In it are laid the very pale greenish-yellow eggs. Eventually
the females become dark slate-gray, and have a cross of white secretion on
the hind end. They at this period possess a Pulvinaria-like ovisac, pro-
jecting behind about as much as the length of a 9, but thick, its height
at the hind extremity of the @ being probably not less than the length
of the ?.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225
Boiled in caustic soda, they stain the fluid cochineal-red, and turn
orange. Anal ring with the usual 6 hairs. Caudal tubercles very low,
subobsolete, with setee which are about twice as long as the hairs of the
anal ring in the second stage, but not so long as this in the adult.
Antenne 8-jointed : 8 much longest, as long as 5 +6+7, which are sub-
equal, but 5 the shorter ; 4 shortest, broader than long ; 3 and 2 equal.
Formula 8 (32) 7 (61) 54. Legs ordinary, tarsus about 5¢ to 2% length
of tibia, claw fairly large, digitules filiform, hardly knobbed.
Hab.—In the town of Mesilla, N. M., on Mesquite (Prosopis). I
was astonished to come across this on some bushes I had passed many
times. I have never seen it before on the numbers of Mesquite bushes
I have examined in the vicinity. The eggs are produced at the latter
part of July. This insect, in structure, particularly in the antenne,
closely resembles D. solani, var. atriplicis, which is probably a distinct
species. Perhaps prosopidis and atriplicis may be forms of one species,
but they seem distinct.
(5.) Pulvinaria amygdali, 0. sp.—Q. Ochraceous, much wrinkled
in diying ; length of a boiled specimen under cover-glass hardly 2%
mm., broad oval. Ovisac about 7 mm. long, pure white, convex, like
that of P. ribesia, not parallel-sided like came//icola, etc., nor adherent to
anything that touches it, like maclure, innumerabilis, etc.
Antenne 8-jointed: 3 much longest, then 4, then 8 almost as long,
2 very little longer than 5 ; 6 and 7 subequal and shortest, 6 a little the
shorter; 5 with two long bristles; 2 with a long hair.at its end.
Trochanter with a very long hair. Femur stout, more than twice as
broad as tibia, with an erect hair on its inner side near the middle.
Tibia and tarsus slender, tibia about as long as femur, tarsus hardly half
as long as tibia. Claw short and curved, sharp. Tarsal digitules slender;
those of claw tolerably stout, with oblique knobs, extending considerably
beyond tip of claw. Marginal spines simple, slender, not numerous.
Prof. Tinsley, who was looking over the material with me, observed
a specimen in which the third and fourth antennal joints were about
equal.
Hab.—Abundant on a peach tree in Mr. Stanley’s garden at Pinos
Altos, N. M. (over 7,000 ft. alt.) ; found only on one tree. The antennz
are much like those of P. persicae, Newst., but amygda/i has the eighth
joint decidedly longer. The knobs of the claw-digitules are larger and
more oblique than in ferséce, and our insect is much smaller than
Newstead’s. The affinity of amygda/i is clearly with P. ridbesia, Sign.,
226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
but 1 have specimens of that, and it is clearly a different thing ; the scale
is dark-coloured. I do not suppose that ?. amygdali was introduced
into Pinos Altos on trees, but rather that it lives on some rosaceous
shrub or tree in the mountains adjacent and has been carried to the
peach tree on the feet of birds. This idea is favoured by the observation
that it suffers severely from a Chalcidid parasite. The insect was
discovered on July 8, 1896.
(6.) Aulacaspis montanus,n.sp.—. Scale circular to slightly oval,
slightly convex, white, exuvize exposed, rather large, pale straw-yellow,
' first skin on second, but to its side. Diameter of scale little over 1 mm.
9. When dry, brown-black, colourless after boiling in caustic soda.
Mouthparts far anterior. Five groups of ventral glands, caudolateral
and median groups compact, caudolaterals of 8, cephalolaterals 13,
median 7. Median lobes wide apart at base, rounded, very low,
their height above the margin less than haif their breadth, their bases
pointed, their colour slightly yellowish, not dark. Second and third
Jobes small, rounded, nearly obsolete. Plates small, spinelike. Anal
orifice some distance from hind end, but caudad of the level of the
caudolateral grouped glands. Margin with narrow sacs or saclike
incisions, about as long as the greatest breadth of a median lobe.
gf. Scales in colonies, much as in A. f¢exensis, brownish-white,
distinctly 3-carinate, exuviz at one end, pale orange.
Hab.—Pinos Altos, N. M., July 8, 1896, on the trunk asi limbs of
Quercus Wrightii. It is evidently nearest to A. ¢exensis, which lives on
Sophora in Texas, but the median lobes are differently shaped and do
not show the prominent serrations. The ¢ scales are not so white and
have sharper keels than in fexensis, but the ¢ scales are whiter and have
the exuvie more contrasting with the scale.
I found four species of Coccide on the Quercus Wrightii at Pinos
Altos, namely: > wD 2
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