Fa es (cee ee) ats eqs Wires Te ser Toy a ene wae SO ah aa! eee my te Sy rn eS Ca een bh. Yo a x ' , ! ant be 4 ape iy on * 7 ot a ‘ 7 , ade pace ane ‘ ‘ tL) ae J ti ods : 7 ‘ “ a , “rh, - es4 4 : ; : : i" ; Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/canadianentomol42ento } Lo > Che Canadian Entomologist -~ & MOLUME: X LIT. 1910. EDITED BY DR. E. M. WALKER, Biological Department, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH, ONT. i- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TOVOL. XLII. ALDRICH, PROF. J. M., University of Idaho......:...... ...-. Moscow, Ipano. Pee Ee 10) 9 es 2 RA ePIC OSes oc CIO nISOns Sasa LoGan, Uta. EISEN NOIRE TAINS tee asie oa arn's «SSeS o 0 os. ates se wie weve = Pelee East Fatits Cuurcu, Va. BARNES, DR. WILLIAM... St OE wt tow te ee DECATUR; VILE. BETHUNE-BAKER, GEORGE ‘es be ““ Edgbasto1” tae ice BiRMINGHAM, ENGLAND. BETHUNE, REV. PROF. C.J.S., Ont. Agric. College.............G@UELPH, ONTARIO. CRUSE OTE TS 1g 221 DBS te ane BROOKLINE, Mass. BRADLEY, J. CHESTER, Cornell University... ...........5..--.- IrHaca, N. Y. BRUES, CHARLES T.. ops ye ee ee CH HORESE ERIDES, IVEASS: BUENO, J. R. DE LA op 2 cae a a ae SR lie New YorK BOUSekAUGUS!, U.S. National Museum... .:..5. 0... 25... 6: WasHINGTON, D. C. CAESAR, L., O. A. College. . BE ES ane are. AXDELPH ONT. CASEY, LT.-COLONEL “THOMAS tL Se oA 5 era CCE WasHINGTON, D. C. SEA ESDITAD Ise CA Date Wis os. oi nis ciao a dle c lelsities ecaalng Lecce ease Provo, Utan. COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A., University of Colorado.......... BouLpDER, CoLo. COCKELE, [. wM.. Le Saeed th ho RASHES, Ge COOLIDGE, KARL ‘RK POR craic Mita on Seras sclelre mas PASADENA, CALIF. COOUILLETE, D. W., U.S. National Museum..........:....... WasHINGTON, D. C. 2 DISTR Sy Thin. Ee eo eee Ce ae Toronto, Ont. CRAWFORD, J. C., Bureau of Entomology ................... .WasHrInGTon, D. C. CRIDDLE, NORM AN. ee ne a=. LREESEANK,-VPANTITORA; CROSBY, CYRUS R., Cornell “University. ERS ee COC CRE Irnaca, N. Y. UREA MPMI ECBO a oo Bc Sac 'ee se nlaie Sic adiaic.e vee's ls oa etay ew arenas ELAZLETON, PA. DOD, F. H. WOLLEY. Be ee AR ALG "” MILLARVILLE, ALTA. DYAR, HARRISON G., Mhicean of Entomolegy. SCOR a W asHincTon, D. C. PPR LWA Gr oe ows, oa is wk 2 oak cease wi Mecea oe oece aaa NEW LORE: DUM A TRECs 9s Sc ae PasaDENA, CALIF. FG ECE A A ee rr tae GR CEOS SEE REDO E ane New Brunswick, N. J. FYLES, REV. THOMAS W.. Cee ers r=. Ae he ee EOE LG): GAHAN, A. B., Maryland Expt. “Station. Pee BOER eet ene ye COLLEGE Park, Mp. GIBSON, ARTHUR, Central Experimental Farm................. Ortawa, OnT. GRZENICHER, S., Public Museum..... s..-22.-.. MILWAUKEE, WIs. HADWEN, DR. SEY MOUR, Dominion Dept. ‘of ‘Agric... -...:... VANCOUVER, B.C. Pipe ERP GAG EININ OW. ..o cc. ec kc ce ca eee ccs csie IrHaca, NY. HEWITT, DR. C. GORDON, Central 2S aapeleerans Farm... ....OTTawa, ONT. KEARFOTT, W. J.. Behe train onl ON DULAIRG! INa Ape KIRKALDY, GEORGE W., “Sugar Planters: Assos OY bate ae en Honoiutvu, Hawaman Ist. LUDLOW, MISS C. S., Acnty Medical MSeUMHts ee cane de Soe WasHincTon, D. C. PEIN CMIEMD UNTO ELS ore icaclaw cscs Ses sane desestees LEME Ons MONTREAL, QUE. neem eR le oe awe gs Se oo oe fea neha cane ve ss as 1a. GERMANTOWN, Pa. SNAPE IVR eA Le Nea Bo ec ak wlerac aaa crew cctv es cece eee +s WASHINGTON, D: C: rae RMT ATOM ES et rhs: 2's Ein cig Sinaia Svwid owiscins 66 WAS £4. ce DECATUR, TEL. Ria CI SoU NV in VV. cra oo aa og 0! are parva pec! sin, vom clic eee cba. Detroit, Micu. ETS ATU 129 5 0 0a Dt dete ote tee BROOKLYN, N. Y. ROBERTSON, CHARLES... Pee OA oe ee CARLINVILLE, ILL. ROHWER, S. A., Bureau of. f Entomology. SR ORD boar 8 o-aea de WasHincTon, D. C. JU SY Ca DY. 0 6 Wes 0s eee Pants 22 Ie ANTHONY AEARK: NINN: RUSSELL, JOHN.. See et hae i ae ne. ernie tether AGRE iS TATION, ¢ bs: (. SANDERS, G.E. Be ee aN ee Oe, A eed Fe. ee URBANA, VLE, SEVERIN, HEN RY H. P, State Entomologist ................. BRooxtncs, SoutH Dakora. aD IN MMI Ose Ue. nine cs oc cuiep ease .cs casa cedar des s.2e..BROOKINGS, SoUTH DaKkorTa., SMITH, PROF. JOHN B. Sees «ree: Bh one ae NEW BRUNSWICK, Ni: J; Se OT Eee tae is Soi ic Sowicis eck c ey scsin mouvecn bites e ris r ‘ + - =" ~ ~ - err - re 74 ; sis es “Ss ; < <3 " 6 a — =! - < =, a “ ° , , F. & i | - > ® : = na Te fou 4 4a al f = = . ? “ ; . - 4 L ; ‘ os A . ; f : } ioe : 5 = a 4 ’ ad » ¥ é : » - > - * ie oa a Kd : z ne ion r.. < . ° a . i> a > t ¢ : € ii é ‘ gto ia A i. A e. ‘ > s . ‘ + : . oY 4 ae x Wises ey, ee J : eM Ar eee Oo tie eee _ 4 PP ee i WTS Ls ng if ae z 4 LS Se valle CAN. ENT., VOL. XLII. PLATE |. T] THE REV. CHARLES Ji- Si BETmUIN | The Ganaitiay Fortomolagist —_ ne VoL. XLII. GUELPH, JANUARY, rgto. No. 1. VALEDICTORY. More than forty years ago, in-August, 1868, the Editor put forth the first number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, a modest venture of ‘eight pages. The same Editor last month brought to completion the 41st volume of this periodical. He has not, however, been continuously carry- ing on this work during all those years. After the publication of the first five volumes he was succeeded by his friend, Dr. William Saunders, of London, who edited the magazine for the next thirteen years. In 1886 Dr. Saunders was appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion, and found his time so fully employed that he requested Dr. Jethune to take his place and become Editor once more, ‘Thirteen of the forty-one volumes have thus been edited by Dr. Saunders, and twenty-eight by Dr. Bethune. It is now necessary to make a change and transfer the charge of the magazine to younger hands. The weight of advancing years and the disability occasioned by impaired eyesight have led the long-time Editor to ask for relief, and to shift the burden of responsibility to other shoulders. it is with much reluctance that he gives up this labour of love and ceases to correspond with his widely-scattered contributors, to whose kindness and ability the success of the magazine has been so largely due. To say good-bye to old friends is a painful duty, and to give up work because one has become too old for its proper accomplishment is perhaps more painful sull. But time is inexorable; there is no escape from the changes it brings, and so it becomes a paramount necessity to make way for the younger men, to pass on into their vigorous hands the torch of science which one can no longer hold on high. Happily a worthy successor is available, and the announcement is made with much gratification that Dr. E. M. Walker, Lecturer in Biology at the University of Toronto, has accepted the position of Editor of the CanapiaAN Entomo.ocist. Dr. Walker’s name is widely known in scientific circles through the admirable work that he has accomplished: in the Orthoptera and Odonata, to which orders he has especially directed his attention. It is earnestly hoped that the many friends of the Editor who now retires will be as considerate, as kind, and as generous to the 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. may the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST continue to flourish, and long may Dr. Walker be enabled to preside over its destinies. All communications for the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST, books for review, etc., should be addressed to the Editor, Dr. E. M. WALKER, Biological Dept., University of Toronto, Toronto. All business matters connected with the Society or the magazine, such as advertisements, subscriptions, etc., should continue to be addressed to the ; Entomological Society of Ontario, Guelph, Canada. - THE REV. CHARLES JAMES STEWART BETHUNE, M.A,, D.C. FAR The many readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST wiil be glad to again see a portrait of the talented editor, who has with such conspicuous ability filled the editorial chair for so many years, but will greatly regret to learn that through failing eyesight he has found it necessary to retire from the editorship, and will be succeeded by Dr. E. M. Walker, of Toronto, the Vice-President of the Society. Dr. Bethune was the third son of the Right-Reverend Dr. A. N. Bethune, the second Anglican Bishop of Toronto, and was born at West Flamboro’, Ont., Aug. 11, 1838, and is, therefore, in his 72nd year. He was educated first at private schools, and afterwards at Upper Canada College, where he was head boy in 1856. He matriculated at Trinity College, Toronto, in the same year, winning the First Divinity scholarship, and the Wellington scholarship in 1857, and graduating in 1859 with first-class honours in classics, as well as standing high in mathematics and winning the Jubilee scholarship. He was ordained deacon in 1861 by the late Bishop Strachan, and advanced to the priesthood in 1862, and became curate of St. Peter’s, Cobourg, and afterwards of Carlton, Selby, Yorkshire. Returning to Canada, he was appointed incumbent of the Credit Mission, which he held from 1866-70, and was then appointed to the head mastership of Trinity College School at Port Hope, Ont., which position he held up to the summer of 1899, when he resigned and moved to London, Ont. In 1906 he accepted the appointment of Professor of Entomology and Zoology at the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph. naling THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 Dr, Bethune early identified himself with the Entomological Society of Canada, as it was at first called, which had been organized in April, 1863, under the presidency of Prof. Croft, of Toronto, with Mr. William Saunders, of London, as Secretary-Treasurer. In 1868 the Society began the issue of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the first number being dated August 1st, and was edited by Dr. Bethune, who at that time held the position of Secretary-Treasurer of the Society. Of the 41 volumes which have been issued, Dr. Bethune edited all but thirteen, viz.: From the beginning up to the oth number of Vol. V, and from the roth number of Vol. XVIII to the present time. Of the high standard at which he maintained the magazine it is not necessary to speak, as it has been universally acknowledged, but emphasis may be laid on the fact that with the exception of the few years in which he was living in London, the work had tu be done 1 the intervals of an extremely busy life, as the Head “Master of a large public school, which laid a heavy load of responsibility upon his shoulders, and more lately as Professor in a great agricultural college. In addition to editing the ’ CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, he edited for a considerable period the ento- mological department of the Canadian Farmer and the Weekly Globe, as well as the Annual Reports of the Entomological Society. In 1883 he received the degree of D.C.L. from his alma mater, and in 1892 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. To those who enjoy the privilege of knowing him, it is unnecessary to speak of his charming personality, his refined and cultivated mind and the great courtesy which have won him the warm regard and, indeed, affection of his host of friends. The pcsitions which he has held in the Church, in the educational and scientific worlds have been many, and he has filled them all with distinguished ability. Though he has passed the three score years and ten, his lithe and upright carriage give the appear- ance of a much younger man, and all his friends will unite in hoping that the relief from editorial duties will be of great benefit to him, and that he may be spared for many years yet to his family and friends, and to the Entomological Society, which owes him so much. Hi; -H.. 1. All readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST will note with pleasure that the Rev. Charles J. S. Bethune, who has found it necessary to retire from active editorial work, has been appointed Editor Fmeritus of that journal by the Executive of the Entomological Society of Ontario. + THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NEW SILPHID OF THE TRIBE ANISOTOMINI. BY H. C. FALL, PASADENA, CALIF. There has recently come to hand from Mr. W. S. Blatchley, of Indianapolis, a small Silphide, which he recognized as new and which he desires that I should describe in order that it may be included in its proper place in his forthcoming descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of Indiana. The insect has much the appearance of an Ansotoma, and was so taken to be by both Mr. Blatchley and myself until more closely examined. It proves to be rather closely related to Zzodes, but the difference in form, general facies, and certain structural characters, seem to require that it be made the type of a new genus, which is briefly charac- terized below. Opportunity is taken to describe at this time several new species of Anisofoma in my own collection. ee genus. Form oblong-elliptical, subdepressed; elytra with nine regular punctured striz, the outer one distant from the margin. Labrum arcuate in front, with a small, shallow median emargination. Clvpeus with narrow membranous border, the frontal suture completely lacking, the lateral frontal impressions feebly indicated. Prosternum as long before the coxe as the thickness of the latter from front to back ; mesosternum strongly oblique ; other characters nearly as in Liodes. Stetholiodes laticollis, n. sp.—Oblong-elliptical, subdepressed, rufo- testaceous, shining. Antenne reaching the hind angles of the prothorax ; third joint as long as the three following, fourth slightly longer than wide, sixth a little transverse, seventh larger, eighth similar to the sixth, but a little shorter, ninth to eleventh much larger, the eleventh longer than wide, and nearly as long as the two preceding together. Eyes small, feebly convex. Head half as wide as the prothorax, sparsely, evenly punctulate. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, a little wider than the elytra, sides broadly arcuate and gradually narrowed from the base; base angles subrectangular with rounded vertices ; surface very minutely alutaceous and sparsely punctulate. Elytra more than twice as long as the prothorax, nearly one-fourth longer than wide, with nine strie of punctures, the sutural stria impressed in apical half; strial punctures separated by their own diameters or a little less ; intervals nearly flat and sparsely, irregu- larly punctulate, the sutural interval not narrower. Metasternum and abdomen alutaceous, the former distinctly punctate, except posteriorly, the latter more sparsely punctate. Length, 2.7 mm.; width, 1.6 mm. Janary, igto THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2 Male.—Tarsal joints 5-5-4; front and middle tarsi dilated ; middle and hind femora with a small denticle on the lower edge one-third from the knee ; metasternum with a short tuft of hairs arising froma small subbasal fovea. Indiana (Steuben Co.), May 25, 1909. Anisotoma opacipennts, n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, rufo- testaceous. Head and prothorax shining, finely punctate. Elytra finely alutaceous and opaque, finely punctate striate, the ninth stria marginal, except for a short distance at base ; alternate intervals with a single series of distant punctures, the intervals otherwise impunctate. Head finely alutaceous, but somewhat shining, rather closely punctate, a transverse series of four or five larger punctures. Antenne shorter than the pro- thorax, third joint less than twice as long as wide and barely as long as the next two: joints 4-6 short, 6 strongly transverse, 8 lenticular, g~10 large, subequal, 1t smaller, transverse, pointed. Prothorax strongly rounded and widest at middle, sides strongly convergent, nearly straight and a little sinuate in front, broadly arcuate and convergent behind ; hind angles obtuse, ill-defined ; lateral margin sparsely fimbriate; surface sparsely, finely punctate, a little more closely at sides, and with a series of larger punctures around the base angles. Elytra wider than the thorax, sides nearly straight and parallel in basal half; epipleure sparsely punc- tate and with bristling hairs. Mesosternum oblique, carinate ; meta- sternum and abdomen alutaceous, but moderately shining, distinctly punctate. Front tibiz flattened externally, subtriangular ; hind tibiwe rather strongly thickened apicaily ; hind femora very stout, suboval, less than twice as long as wide; front and middle tarsi long and slender, nearly as long as the tibia. Length, 4.2-4.4 mm. Described from two female specimens taken by the writer at El Paso, Texas. The large size; form of prothorax, opaque elytra, fimbriate margins of the body, very stout hind thighs and long tarsi mark this a very distinct species, totally different from anything else in our fauna. Another feature peculiar to this species exists in the very long spurs of the front tibiz, these being very slender, parallel and about one-third as long as the tibia. In all other species of the genus known to me the spurs are short, stouter, and gradually pointed. Anisotoma similis, n. sp.—Very similar to co//aris, the description of which in Horn’s Monograph of the Silphidie (Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., VIII, 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. p. 289), fits so accurately that it is necessary only to mention the distinguishing character. In co//aris the prothorax is wider at middle than at base, the sides being rounded-in basally. In sémiélis the thorax is widest at the extreme base, the hind angles rather sharply defined and a little obtuse. The punctures of the elytral interspaces are very fine, except the coarser ones on the alternate intervals. Sexual characters as in col/aris. Length, 3-3.3 mm. Santa Monica, California. A single pair in the writer's collection. Antsotoma antennata, n. sp.—Elongate oval, moderately convex, rufo- or flavotestaceous, shining. Head and prothorax minutely, sparsely punctate. Elytra regularly punctate striate, the striz not impressed, the ninth stria marginal except at base; elytral interspaces minutely, very sparsely punctate, alternate ones with moderately distant coarse punctures. Antenne nearly as long as the head and thorax, third joint as long as the next two, joints 4-6 each as long as or a little longer than wide, 7 obtrapezoidal, about as long as wide, 3 small, twice as wide as long, 11 as wide as 10 and nearly as long as g—10 united, apex obliquely truncate. Prothorax one-half wider than long, narrowed from the extreme base, the sides becoming basally almost parallel ; hind angles distinct and nearly rectangular. The head shows the usual transverse frontal series of coarser punctures, and there is a line of coarser punctures along the basal margin, these becoming closer and less regularly serial at the angles. Elytra twice as long as the prothorax and about one-third longer than wide, sides parallel in basal half. Metasternum and abdomen alutaceous, sparsely punctate, the abdomen more finely so. Length, 2.5-2.9 mm. ; width, 1.3-1.5 mm. Pasadena, California. The only two examples known to me are females ; they have the hind femora gradually broader outwardly, the condyle a little prominent, but not at all dentiform ; tibiz straight. ‘The form is more elongate than in any of our other species except ecarinata. ‘There is a series of minute punc- tures along the extreme edge of the basal margin of the prothorax, not noticed by me in any other species. ‘The form of the last antennal joint is peculiar to this species, and its mass is relatively greater than in any other known to me, being nearly equal to that of the two preceding joints combined. Anisotoma sculpturata, n. sp.—Oblong oval, moderately convex, rufotestaceous. Head and prothorax shining, the former rather closely, a ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i 7 the fatter more finely and sparsely punctate, especially at the middle. Elytra densely longitudinally reticulato-aciculate, finely striate, the strial punctures fine and much obscured by the sculpture of the interspaces. Antennz short, the club very broad, and constituting rather more than half the length ; eighth joint very thin, lenticular, the third joint as long as the next two together. Clypeal suture completely obliterated. Pro- thorax rather strongly rounded at sides, widest behind the middle, hind angles defined, but very obtuse. Mesosternum nearly vertical between the coxz, carinate. Metasternum coarsely punctate. Legs short, the femora stout. Length, 2.3 mm. Flagstaff, Arizona. A single female collected by Dr. Fenyes. The sculpture of the elytra will, if constant, at once distinguish this from any other species in our fauna. It is, however, very nearly identical structurally with odso/eta, and is possibly only a remarkable aberration of that species. The sides of the prothorax are a little more rounded basally, the hind angles more obtuse and the punctuation of both head and pronotum a little more pronounced than in odsodeta. As remarked by Horn, the subvertical mesosternum of od/iterata and non-carinate mesosternum of ecariwata mark these species as aberrant members of the genus. Horn, however, apparently did not notice that these two species differ furthermore from all others of our fauna in the total obliteration of the clypeal suture. Od/:terata and sculpturata, in addition to the subvertical mesosternum, have the outer edge of the front tibiz laminate to a degree not approached by any other of our species. CyRTUSA. The following very distinct species, most nearly related to d/andis- sima, may best be made known by the subjoined diagnoses : C. blandissima, Zimm.—Elytra striz not impressed, the intervals flat, the ninth (marginal) much wider than the eighth ; metasternum coarsely punctate at sides ; abdominal segments each with a row of coarse, deep, closely-placed punctures along the basal margin ; basal three joints of antenne subequal in length, but gradually diminishing in thickness, the third about as long as the next two. Length, 1.5-2 mm. C. superans, vv. sp.—Elytral strie more closely punctured, finely impressed, more evidently so at sides and apex, where the intervals are in consequence a little convex ; eighth and ninth intervals subequal in width ; metasternum less closely and more finely punctate ; abdominal segments finely, somewhat irregularly punctate; basal three juints of 5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. antenne rapidly diminishing both in length and thickness, the third distinctly shorter than the next two. Length, 2.1 mm. The elytral interspaces are very finely and sparsely punctulate or nearly smooth in d/andissima; more evidently punctate in sauperans. According to Horn, the middle tibia of the male is “normal” in d/andis- . sima ; in superans the tibia is thickened and arcuately produced internally at apex. Superans is known only by the unique male type, taken at Tyngs- boro, Mass., by Mr. Blanchard. ON SOME PREOCCUPIED GENERIC NAMES IN INSECTS. BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. While keeping up to date and partially revising my “ Scudder” and “ Waterhouse,” I have from time to time noted several preoccupied generic names, which, so far as I have been able to find out, have no synonymy whereby the older name could be replaced without fresh creation. As letters to specialists have usually resulted in no action being taken in the matter, I now rename a number of them, in the hope that natural indigna- tion at such an unlawful trespass on my part may induce specialists to purge their own lists. A further number I have left untouched, as I am unable to ascertain their possible synonymy. Lepidoptera. Feredayia, =\| Erana, Walker. Maorides, =\| Exoria, Meyrick. Americides, =|| Dryope, Chambers. Pempeltias, =|| Peltophora, Meyrick. Porina, Walker, is preoccupied, but is probably replaceable by other Walkerian names. Diptera. Neotropicalias, ='| Cyclogaster, Macquart. Coleoptera. Sharpides, =\| Sharpia, Broun. Nesoptychias, =\| Ptychopterus, Broun, Hemiptera. Philapodemus, =|; Hahnia, F\lenrieder. Varelta, =|| Munia, Varela. January, 1910 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 HABITS OF SOME MANITOBA TIGER BEETLES (CICINDELIDA). No. 2. BY NORMAN CRIDDLE, TREESBANK, MANITOBA. My last paper™ dealt chiefly with these insects in the adult, or beetle state. In the present more attention is paid to their habits while in the earlier stages. My investigations have been conducted entirely in the field, under absolutely natural conditions, and unless otherwise stated, were made in the neighbourhood of Aweme, Manitoba. Two valuable papers on Cicindelian habits have been added to my literature upon this subject, through the kindness of Prof. Shelford, of Chicago University, since the first of these articles appeared. ‘The latter, “ Life Histories and Larval Habits of the Tiger Beetles (Cicindelide),”+ contains much interesting information upon the earlier stages of these insects, some of which must unavoidably be duplicated here. It will be noticed, however, that there is a striking difference in the life-cycle of some of the species observed by Prof.. Shelford at Chicago and those noted by me at Aweme, even when the same, or a closely related form, is involved, the difference being 4 prolongation of the larval life over a second winter in Manitoba. This seemed to me to be such a remarkable fact, considering that there are less than 600 miles of latitude between the two places, that I felt almost persuaded that some mistake had been made on my part, and consequently decided to make further observations before publishing these notes. The result has been to leave no doubt that the life-cycle of species carefully observed—C. Manitoba, venusta, limbata, limbalis, and probably others—lasts for approximately three years; dura- tion of larval stage, 24 to 26 months ; pupal, two to four weeks; adult, 10 to 12 months. This corresponds to F. Enock’s account of the ‘‘ Life History of Cicindela campestris,” t excepting that the adults nearly if not always appear in August or September, constant observation having failed so far to detect overwintering pup. ‘There is, however, considerable difference in the dates at which the beetles appear, the period of emergence in C. A/anitoba and venusta often lasting over a month, and some of the former appear so late in the season that there is a possibility of a few remaining in the pupal cavity until the following spring, though the *CAN. ENT., Vol. XXXIX, April, 1907. tLinnean Society's Journal-Zoology, Vol. XXX, Mar., 1908, +Proc. Ent. Soc., London, 1903. January, 1910 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. depth at which adults usually hibernate would seem to indicate that they -might suffer from frost in the pupal chamber so near to the surface. In Manitoba there are often long intervals of inactivity during the summer months of the larve of Manitoba, venusta, limbata, Lecontei, and probably others. At such times the larve close their burrows at the top, and remain apparently without food, and do not grow appreciably. In 1907, larve of venusta and /imbata closed their holes on June 12, and some did not appear again until August 25, nearly two and a half months. A few, however, would open up at night, throw out a Jot of earth, and then retire again. These larve were always active when dug out. This strange habit may be due to the dryness of the soil to some extent, though it is not altogether so, as holes have remained closed during wet weather, and they are always opened in autumn or late summer, and deepened before winter, no matter what the condition of the ground is. The extreme heat . of the sun may also be a factor of some importance. The beetles are unquestionably influenced by temperature, and will go into winter quarters earlier on a dry, hot fall than they do during a cold one, and hot summer days are much preferred for commencing winter homes. C. formosa Manitoba, Leng.—The larval burrow (Fig. 1) of this variety differs from ali the other species dealt with here, and closely, if not exactly, resembles that of Surface of ground generosa, as described by Shelford. The burrow does not run in a straight line, as in other kinds, but when about one and a half to two inches from the surface gradually bends over so burr éw that the entrance enters a cup-like excavation about a quartor of an inch from the top, and at right angles to the perpendicular part of the hole. The pit or cup-like excavation varies in size according to the age of the larva, and also to some extent in individuals of the same age, but in mature specimens is on an average one and a half inches wide, an inch Fic. 1.—Burrow of Cicindela Manitoba. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 across from the entrance, and about the same in depth, with a downward slant towards the burrow. Larve dug out and watched, dug new holes in the following manner: The burrow was begun much on the slant, and dug back for some two inches, gradually turning downwards until a perpendicular position was arrived at. In excavating the pit the larva reached out and threw the earth backward, and in doing so gradually worked the burrow back until it became about a quarter of an inch from the surface. This made approximately the correct length of the pit. The larva now turned its attention to deepening the pit. This was accom- plished in the individual watched by constructing an auxiliary hole from the perpendicular one horizontally into the bottom of the pit. The earth was then worked up from belgw, and shoved round the chief entrance until it became blocked, when the insect returned and threw the earth _ backwards from the main burrow. This operation was repeated a number of times, until’ the pit became nearly full depth, but its completion was not observed owing to the larve devoting its energies to the chief burrow for several days. The pits usually become partly or wholly filled up when the larvee deepen their burrows before hibernating, and therefore have to be cleaned out again in the spring, but whether this is done by means of an auxiliary hole or not is doubtful. Some burrows examined showed signs that such was the case, others left no indication. The larve are very active, both in and out of their holes. There is no doubt that the pits act chiefly as traps for insects such as ants, which are captured while endeavouring to make their way out. Experiments of throwing small ants in resulted in their immediate capture as soon as they reached the bottom, with such rapidity that it was difficult to see how they were seized, though the larva had to reach out fully half its length to secure them. Small bugs, when touched, which was seldom, were at once rejected. ie The pits also act as a protection against drifting sand and heavy rains, but this is probably accidental, as the burrows are seldom in very open places, and are often where the sand never drifts. Twenty larval holes of the second year were measured when the insects had finished digging. ‘These showed an average depth of 66 inches, the shallowest being 50 inches, and the deepest 79 inches. Four others were over 70 inches below the surface. The larval stage of A/anitoba lasts opproximately 24 months, and the adult about 12. The pupa has not been observed. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, All remarks about larvee under AZanitoba in my first paper should be referred to venusta. Fuller observations have shown that owing to the great depth at which it hibernates, A/anitoba is the last tiger beetle to appear in the spring. In 1908 adults remained in winter quarters until the end of May, and larvee still later. Venusta, Lec.—Young larve appear about the first of July, and at once proceed to deepen their burrows to a foot or more in the course of a couple of weeks. They then remain active, excepting while moulting, until the middle of October, during which period they grow very rapidly, and at the approach of winter deepen their burrows considerably, and after closing them remain dormant at the bottom throughout the winter. They then appear again in May, close their holes in June, and usually remain inactive until August, the burrows are then opened up and deepened to the extent of a few inches, closed in October for a second winter, and reopened the following spring. About the middle of June the larve construct a side chamber, starting from half an inch below the surface and branching off from the original burrow. The chamber varies in length, but averages three inches, and is generally about the same in depth at its extremity, where it is widened out into a chamber, about twice the width of the entrance. In this the larva changes to a pupa facing the top. Holes were observed closed on June 22, and by July to two larve had become shortened, evidently changing to pup. The first pupa was discovered July 15. This was situated about the middle of the pupal cavity, not in the largest part. On August ro two imagoes were found still in the pupal cell. Both ran actively when dug out, and one made several short flights. On August 19 a large number of pupal chambers were examined, and only three adults found, all of which had partly dug out. By the 2oth of August several beetles were digging winter quarters, and by September 1st most of them had disappeared below the ground. The life of the adult is slightly shorter than AZanitoba, but old individuals have been found in September. Larvie show no signs of con- structing pits, the holes being perpendicular throughout their entire length. Ofa large number of second-year larval holes measured at the approach of winter, the average depth was 45 inches, the shallowest 32, and deepest 55 inches. Young larve were usually several inches shallower. Limbata, Say.—The larvee of this species appear from eggs at about the same date as venusta, and like that species are often at first found ——- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 13 clustered together, so that a dozen may be discovered in an area of a foot square. They usually inhabit situations where the sand is constantly drifting, which on account of its continual movement and lack of vegeta- tion is always moist a few inches below the surface. The life-cycle is approximately the same as venusta. On July 22, 1907, larvee had filled up old burrows with earth from the pupal cavity. This latter was com- menced three inches below the ground, and was five inches in length, gradually sinking at its extremity to five inches below the surface. (Fig. 2.) Larve at this time were still quite active, and at once commenced to dig new holes when disturbed. Two pupz were found on August 11, one only just changed from larva, and also an adult still in the pupal chamber. Most of the beetles were out by the 2zoth, though odd individuals appeared as late as the first of September. The larve remain active in the pupal chamber for fully two weeks, and occasionally longer. Surface of ground Purpurea limbatis, Wig. — Larvee are usually found in damp situations, not more than six feet from surface water. Old pocket gopher hills and damp fields, Sheen iat on cicudel where there are open spots, seem to be preferred. Pupal chambers are constructed some weeks before trans- formation takes place. The few examined opened at or near the surface of the ground, and varied from three to five inches in length. Two remained open for several days. In summer larval holes are seldom more than six inches in depth, and their average, when closed in the fall, from the few measured, seems to be about eight inches. Twenty-four adults dug out in wet, sandy soil were found at an average depth of six inches, with little variation, and the burrows were open nearly the entire length. The larval life lasts approximately two years, and the beetles from nine to eleven months. . Tranguebarica, Ubst.—Little new information has been secured regarding this species. Larvee still digging were found on September 2tst at an average depth of 17 inches, the deepest being 20 inches. ‘Two holes 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. measured, when full depth, were only 18 inches in length. All were slightly on the slant from a level surface. Two distinct sizes are to be found among the larve in autumn, which correspond to the first and second year of venusta, so that it seems highly probable that the larval life lasts two years, while that of the adult continues for about 11 months. Lulgida, Say. variable markings, has been collected by Mr. J. B. Wallis at Westbourne, Man., who says of it: “I took /w/gida on what is known at Westbourne as the Salt Plain, an alkaline stretch of some extent. The plain is in the main fairly well covered with a loosely-growing wiry grass, with fairly numerous bare or nearly bare patches of soil not sufficiently alkaline to be more than gray. Here fu/gida was plentiful in company with ¢rangue- barica. The species is of strong flight, readily passing from one bare spot to another.” An interesting form of this species, with rather The above mentioned specimens were taken during the middle of August, and the species will probably be found to hibernate not at any great depth. Scutellaris Leconte’, Hald —Larve are found in similar situations to the beetles. A pupa was discovered on August ro at a depth of five inches, and one inch from the larval burrow. On the 11th four adults were dug out, one of which had very recently arrived at maturity, and another had worked its way to within half an. inch of the surface. The pupal chambers were from one to two inches in depth, where they branched off from the main burrow, and from two to three inches in length, dropping an inch in two and a half. Five larval holes at the approach of winter averaged 28 inches in length. The beetles have been found in fair numbers, especially when hibernating. ‘They select denser vegetation than most of the other kinds, and prefer the south edge of bushes which border old fields. They pass the winter at 10 to 26 inches below the surface of the earth. Pusilla, Say.—No larve have been found in Manitoba, but two new localities for the beetles were discovered, one specimen being taken by Mr. Wallis at Westbourne among the grass, and three by Stuart Criddle near the mouth of the Souris River, on a gravelly shore. These insects made no attempt to fly, but seemed to rely entirely upon their power of running and hiding to escape capture. Tie CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 Pusilla terricola, Say.—Mr. Wallis has also added this variety to the Provincial list, having taken several specimens at Westbourne. He says of it: “ Zerxricola was taken in a considerably different situation from fulgida. North of the river there are in many places bluffs of small aspens, and sometimes willows, these latter encircling small sloughs. Among these bluffs the grass is often of a tufted character, and the species in question was taken among these tufts. The ground here, too, was of a rather alkaline nature. This variety made no attempt to fly, but seemed to trust to losing itself in the grass, among which it ran with astonishing quickness.” Both pusi//a and terricola were determined through the kindness of Prof. Wickham. Lepida, Deg.—The larve of this species were discovered in pure drifting sand, often on the side of sand banks which were constantly moving with the wind. On the date when these were examined, September 28th, most of the burrows were still open, and the larve digging during the heat of the day; consequently there was much variation in the depth of holes. Large larvie, probably second year, were found in soft “sand at 66, 60, 58, 70 and 7214 inches below the surface. Small larvee, first year, at from 30 to 32 inches in depth. ‘Taking the deepest as a guide, these being the only ones closed at the top, we might expect wintering larvee to be found at an average depth of 70 inches at least. The larve vary very much in size, doubtless due to food conditions. The larval life probably lasts two years, and the adults two months. .A NEW PROCTOTRYPID IN THE FAMILY SCELIONINA, BY G. E. SANDERS, URBANA, ILL. Hoplogryon Bethunei, n. sp.—(Subfamily Teleasini, Genus Hoplo- gyon, Ashmead.) Normal position: Male: Length, 2 mm., large for the genus. General colour black, mandibles yellow, teeth brown, antennal bulb brown, base of scape brownish, remainder of antenne black ; articulation between cox and trochanters yellow, trochanters yellow, femur and tibiz yellowish-brown, lighter at tips, tarsi yellowish-brown, remainder of body shining black. Head two and one-half times as wide as thick, sparsely hairy. Cheek and lateral part of face coarsely, heavily, vertically striated, a portion of January, 1910 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the strise being continued above, encircling the eye. Middle part of face between the eyes smooth andshining. Vertex about ocelli lightly striated. Clypeus coarsely, transversely striated. Mandibles with two equal acute teeth, the inner with small lobe at the base between the two. Antenne as long as body. Antennal bulb twice as long as thick. Scape of moderate thickness, reaching to ocelli. Pedicel as long as thick. Flagellum tapering slightly, first flagellar joint two and one-half times as long as thick, second twice as long as thick, the remaining eight one = one-half times as long as thick. Thorax : Pronotum narrow from above, finely and densely punctate. Mesonotum heavily interruptedly striate longitudinally, moderately clothed with short, fine hairs. Scutellum coarsely roughened moderately clothed with short hairs. Postscutellum roughly tuberculate, spine of moderate size, tip slightly produced and thin. Abdomen ovate. First segment as wide as long, coarsely and heavily’ striated longitudinally. Second segment as long as first, coarsely and heavily striated. Third segment as long as the two preceding together, and slightly more than one-third as long as the entire abdomen, slightly wider than long, the central halt of the dorsal surface being coarsely but less heavily striated than the preceding two, the portion not striated smooth and sparsely hairy. ‘The remaining segments very finely punctate and thinly covered with fine hairs. Legs: Cox: outer or lateral surfaces smooth, inner surface covered with fine hair ; trochanters, femora and tibiz normal; tarsi five-jointed, the first joint as long as the remaining four. Wings reaching slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen, finely ciliated, pubescent and very slightly smoky, veins brown. Submarginal and marginal vein with a row of stiff hairs projecting forward beyond the edge of the wings. Striz on third abdominal segment, lobe between teeth, large size, long first flagellar joint and colour go to distinguish this species. It comes nearest to /7. dongipennis, Ashmead, and /Z. tibialis, Ashmead. Described from one ¢ taken at Aurora, Ill, June 15th, 1909, in a nest of Formica subrufa. ‘This, however, should not be taken as indicating definitely that the species is myrmecophilous. Type deposited in Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Accession No. 39771. Named in honour of Prof. C. J. S. Bethune, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 17 NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN LYCOSID. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, PROVO, UTAH, From the list of North American Lycoside given by the author in his recent Revision, some names that he had placed in synonymy were inad- vertently omitted. These are listed below, together with supplementary notes upon a few other forms, and some comments of more general character. A few species of Walckener, Tullgren and others are reserved for discussion as to synonymy in a subsequent article. Pirata procursus, Montgomery (Proc. Acad. Sci., Phil., 1902, p. 583) =ardosa xerampelina, Keyserling (Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien., 1876, p. 622). This synonymy was noted in the Revision under /. xerampelina, but was omitted from the general list given in the early part of the work. Pardosa solivaga, Montgomery (Proc. Acad. Sci., Phil., 1902, p. 574) = Schizocosa ocreata, Hentz (J. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1844, p. 391). Like the preceding, noted previously in the Revision under the species, but omitted from the list. Lycosa nidifex, Marx (American Naturalist, 1881, p. 396). The author placed this previously as a synonym of /rkei (arenicola) upon the ‘ authority of Banks, who presumably had access to Marx’s types. Mr. Banks informs me that he now regards the species as distinct, a view which I can confirm fully from a study of a pair of individuals apparently representing it, and kindly sent me for identification from the American Museum of Natural History by Dr. A. Petrunkevitch. The form was not previously known to me at first hand. The copulatory organs present definable differences from those of Pikei, and more decided ones from those -of fatifera, with which it also has affinities of a close kind. A description of the form, with figures of epigynum and palpal organ, follows: Female.—Integument of cephalothorax dark reddish-brown without definite light markings, but the median dorsal portion of pars cephalica and the clypeus paler ; the hair in specimens described mostly rubbed off. Chelicere reddish-brown, like the cephalothorax, densely ciothed with rusty-yellow hair with intermixed darker bristles. Labium and endites brown, both paler distally. Sternum and cox of legs beneath light yellowish-brown, clothed with light hair. Legs light yellowish-brown, entirely without darker markings, excepting that the ventral surface of anterior tibize, tarsi and metatarsi are darkened ; densely clothed with gray hair with numerous longer dark coloured bristles, especially on joints January, 1910 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. distad of the femora. Integument of abdomen light yellowish-brown, like that of the legs; dorsum with a solid black lanceolate mark at anterior end, which does not reach the middle caudad and which is truncate apically ; anterior face and venter behind genital furrow black, the two areas connected laterally. Face in height less than half the length of the chelicerz, which are massive and long; pars cephalica relatively wide, much as in fatifera; cephalothorax highest immediately back of the third eye row, from there slanting decidedly ventrad to second eye row in the anterior direction, and caudad descending gradually to dorsal groove, and then more abruptly descending as the posterior declivity to the posterior margin, the dorsal line gently convex between eyes and dorsal groove ; face in profile appear- ing almost in a straight line with upper-portion of chelicerz, not buiging over the bases of the latter. First row of eyes distinctly shorter than the second (3.4:4) ; slightly procurved, the lower edges of the lateral eyes almost in a straight line with the lower or ventral edges of the median ; anterior median eyes larger than the lateral (ad 5:7), scarcely their radius from each other and slightly farther from the lateral. Eyes of the second row about four-fifths their diameter apart. Dorsal eye area in length contained about 4.5° times in that of the cephalothorax. Anterior tibiz armed beneath as usual, the spines short ; a single short spine on anterior face. Patelle of first legs armed on anterior face with a single short spine. Tubize of third and fourth pairs of legs without spines on dorsal surface. For structure cf epigynum see fig. 3. Length of cephalothorax, 8.8 mm.; width, 6.25 mm. Length of leg I, 20.8 mm.; tibia + patella, 7.5 mm.; metatarsus, 4.1 mm. ed Length of leg II, 19.8 mm. . Length of leg III, 18.4 mm. Length of leg IV, 24.5 mm.; tibia + patella, 8 mm.; metatarsus, 6 mm. Fic. 3.—Epigynum of Lycosa nidifex, ; 2 % 2 Ma/e.—Coloration in general as in the female. Ventra! surface of anterior tibie black, excepting proximally, the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 ventral surfaces of metatarsi and tarsi also black. ‘Tarsi of palpi reddish- brown. Spines of legs longer relatively than in the female. ‘Tibize of legs of the third and fourth pairs each with a_ long spine at proximal end and with one distad of the middle fr on dorsal surface. f For structure of the palpal organ see fig. 4. / Length of the cephalothorax, 8.5 mm.; width, 6 mm. Length of leg I, 25.3 mm.; tibia + patella, 8.5 mm.; metatarsus, 5.7 mm. Length of leg IT, 22.6 mm. Length of leg III, 21 9 mm. Length of leg IV, 27 3 mm.; tibia + patella. 8.7 mm.; metatarsus, 7.2 mm. Locality. — United States (inland). The specimens above described are from a locality not definitely known, but possibly from Arizona or Southern California. Pez would appear to dis- place it on the seashore. Prof. Montgomery's Species.—The female of Lycosa nidifex, above described, is seen to agree with Piked and fatzfera in lacking spines above on the tibiz of the third and fourth legs, and would thus go into Geolycosa, Montgomery, as Banks Fi. po hale aes of ycosa nidifex. defines it, while the male has these tibiz armed above as usual, and must be separated from the female and referred to Lycosa. ‘Thus the only definite character that has been suggested for the maintenance of Geo/ycosa as a genus is found not to be tenable, as on other grounds I have elsewhere stated, and as was to be expected from its nature. As the characters upon which Montgomery bases the genus originally are wholly intergrading, there appears at present no reason for maintaining it. As its author conceives it, it can be used only in an un- certain way and is not natural. Carodinensis being included in it, various other forms must also logically follow, and finally all species of Zycosa.. Doubtless apu/ie, the European species most close to Carolinensis, must be included with the latter wherever placed ; but if so, the genus Zaren- tula, Sund., erected as long ago as 1833, with apu/ie@ as the type, would have to be used in case of removal from Zyvosa. 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. I believe, furthermore, that the other genera in the Zycoside@, as con- ceived and defined by Prof. Montgomery, are in some degree artificial and too indefinitely limited to be followed. Perhaps this may best be indicated by referring to some things in his own usage. Thus he is led to place his Azmz- co/us, in all fundamental structural features a typical ata, under the exotic | genus Aulonia; describes (1902 and 1904) as a new species, procursus, under Pira/a specimens of Keyserling’s .verampelina, a strongly-marked Pardosa ; in the same papers refers some specimens of ocreata, Hentz, to Pardosa as a new species, sodivaga and others to Zycosa as another new species, Sfonei, etc. Then, again, he considers under Zycosa (1904) Keyserling’s two species, xerampelina and Mackenziana, which are certainly naturally within Pardosa and well-marked representatives of this genus. It would seem possible in this last case that these species were simply taken up from literature, and that Prof. Montgomery did not per- ceive that Keyserling uses Zycosa where in our present nomenclature we - use Pardosa. Such facts as these doubtless explain some of the synonyms among the names proposed by Prof. Montgomery. Others result from the omission, or apparent omission, from consideration of the species described by Mr. Banks, as well as those of various other authors. Even in the case of Keyserling’s species, which are all so fully described, and all of which Prof. Montgomery claims to include in his ’o4 paper, four are omitted. Then it would seem that he much underestimates the extent of variation in the group, and that differences due solely to ordinary indi- vidual variation and to variation with age are in some cases made the basis for separation of forms as species. This is the case, as I believe, with his three species, ewepigynata, insopita and Purcell, the differences being due to age, and all belonging to Keyserling’s pudchra, which is preceded by Walckenzr’s gu/osa, as elsewhere pointed out. Prof. Montgomery mentions a certain difference in the relative length of legs, but such a difference appears in other species between younger and older specimens, together with differences in proportionate length of joints. Even though Hentz’s sa/tatrv7x be not used—though it is clearly recogniz- able—Montgomery’s ve/ucens and charanoides had been previously de- scribed by Banks as graci/is and humilis ; though Hentz’s fatifera be not _used, the form described as /atifrons has long been designated by Banks as Missouyiensis, and similarly Hentz’s mi/vina was followed by flavipes of Keyserling and xigropa/pis of Emerton before Montgomery wrote. Hence the intimation that these names were placed as synonyms only through the resurrection of very early ones is without foundation. a eee a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2) In one special direction, however, Prof. Montgomery has probably overestimated variation, namely, in regard to the tarsal claws. In his ’o4 paper this author calls attention to the great variability of the claws, and in substantiation refers to a paper prepared under his direction. An ex- amination of this paper reveals as examples. of great variation the description and illustration of the occurrence of a doubling in the claws, this occurrence being spoken of as ‘‘mutation.” Probably had the eyes of the same specimens been carefully examined, they also would have been found to have doubled, for, as will be clear to most students of the Arthropoda, the doubling was due simply to the fact that the spiders were moulting. In dealing with Prof. Montgomery’s species I may say that I have studied with care co-types sent me by him in rgo4 of nearly all, and the statement made by that author that I had not seen any of the type speci- mens in his private collection is consequently misleading, for co-types labelled in his own hand should certainly be practically as reliable as those that may have been chosen for preservation as types. A few types which Prof. Montgomery felt he could not loan through the mails, furthermore, represent almost the only described species of North American Lycoside, of which types are known to exist and to be available which I have not studied with care. Quite on the contrary, indeed, had it not been precisely for this study of types or cotypes, I must have regarded more of Prof. Montgomery’s species as good. Every worker has a certain ‘‘personal equation” which must be considered, and a description must be interpreted in accordance with the preponderating, consistent evidence of the whole as against the contradiction of a part. Prof. Montgomery quotes from his own published descriptions to substantiate his contention for the specific separateness of certain forms ; but to show the folly of regarding recorded observations absolutely and as necessarily correct and authoritative, there may be mentioned wide differences of statement concerning the same character in the same species, and even in the same identical specimen where Prof. Montgomery writes of it at two different times. Thus, in his paper of 1902, p. 538, in describing Zycosa nigra, Stone, he writes: “Eyes of the second row largest, less than their diameter apart,” while concerning the same form in 1904, p. 285, he writes: “Eyes of second rew largest, almost 1.5 times their diameter apart.” Also in the first place he says concerning the first eye row: ‘Middle eyes larger and higher than the 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, /atera/,” while in the second the corresponding statement is: “First yow ion oc: straight.” The species contestata (which, as before mentioned, is pratensis, Em.) was based on a single specimen, concerning which, in the paper of 1903, p. 649, itis written: ‘‘Dorsa/ eye-area more than 1-5 the length of the cephalothorax,’ while in 1904, p. 649, the statement is :. “Dorsal eye-area to the cephalothorax as 7:6.” Also in the first place: “The length of the chelicera is about twice the height of the head in front,” while in the second he writes: “Chelicera fully 2.5 times the height of the head in front,” etc. COLLECTING BEETLES IN MEXICO. BY FRANK R. MASON, GERMANTOWN, PA. Although very much neglected in an entomological sense, the great Republic of Mexico, comprising nearly eight hundred thousand square miles of territory, is a fascinating field for the collector. It has been my good fortune to visit the country several times, but my trips have always been more or less hurried, so that collecting has been a side issue to which I should like to have devoted more time. It might be well to say that I only collected Coleoptera. This last summer my way led southward from St. Louis through Texas, entering Mexico by the Laredo gateway. Our first stop-over was at Monterey, that city which has been so ravaged by fire and flood. Nothing especially interesting entomologically was turned up here, the fauna being practically Texan for some distance south of the Rio Grande. Aphonus tridentatus, Say, several species of Ligyrus and Xyloryctes satyrus, F., found their way into the potassium jar; Zuphoria basalis, D. & G., was common on a species of cactus, while Cotinis mutabilis, Gory, was in great numbers, like swarms of bees, around the mimosas. Two hundred and fifty miles further south, at San Luis Potosi, con- ditions were much the same ; the same arid, semi-desert piateau country, with ranges of bare, jagged mountains always in view. A flying trip over the Tampico division of the Mexican Central Railway added to our captures a fine specimen of Antichira /ucida, Ol., which flew in through the car window ; I had some specimens of this in my collection from Brazil. Numerous /fe/iconii, Victorina stelenes and other unfamiliar tropic Lepidoptera were flying in the open forest glades in a most tempting way. From a scenic standpoint this journey from Cardenas down through the Tamasopo Canyon is probably one of the finest in the world. January, tgi0 as) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Re One drops down in a few hours from the high desert country into all the luxuriant vegetation of the Gulf coast. The air is moist and humid from almost constant rainfall, and Nature seems fairly to have outdone herself in the wild riot of growth. Again retracing our steps to San Luis Potosi, the next point at which I had any opportunity of collecting was in the neighbourhood of Lake Chapala, near Guadalajara, in the western part of Mexico. Calosoma angulatum, Chev.; Epilachna Mexicana, Guer.; Pelidnota vtrescens, Burm.; 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and venter largely yellow. Legs brown, the ends of the femora, of the hind tibiz, and nearly the whole of the front and middle tibiz, yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, the second, third and fourth veins nearly straight. Length, slightiy over 2 mm. Manahawkin, New Jersey. A single specimen collected Sept. 5, 1909, by Mr. H. S. Harbeck. Type No. 12773, U. S. National Museum. Ectecephala laticornis, new species. Near a/bisty/um, but with a much broader third antennal joint (in albistylum this joint is nearly three times as long as wide, narrowed on the apical part to less than one-half its width on the basal half). Head yellow, an ocellar dot, the upper edge of the third antennal joint, except basally, and the palpi, black ; arista, except at base, white; frontal triangle reddish-brown, polished, prolonged to the lower end of the front, its sides concave until near the apex, then converging to the tip; third joint of antenn oblong, scarcely twice as long as wide, concave on the upper edge, only slightly wider on the basal than on the apical half; front pro- jecting in front of the eyes about two-thirds of the horizontal diameter of the latter ; face, cheeks and lower half of the occiput whitish. Body reddish-brown, the pleura irregularly striped with light yellow, middle of the venter light yellow ; mesonotum somewhat scabrous, and with a pair of gray pruinose subdorsal vittz, a broader gray stripe in front of each wing ; abdomen polished. Legs yellow, the front tarsi brown. Halteres yellow. Wings grayish hyaline, the second, third and fourth veins nearly straight, apex of the second vein over twice as far from the first as from the tip of the third, hind cross-vein twice its length from the small. Length, 5 mm. Colorado, Georgia and North Carolina. Six specimens. Type No. 12774, U.S. National Museum. Ecctecephala sulcifrons, new species, Near /aticornis, but differing in the sulcate frontal triangle, black vittze of the mesonotum, and the yellow front tarsi. Head yellow, an ecellar dot, a streak from each eye to the base of the antenn, the upper edge of the third antennal joint, except basally, and the palpi, black ; frontal triangle reddish-yellow, prolonged to the anterior edge of the front, its sides almost straight, the apex blunt-pointed, a median sulcus extending from the lowest ocellus to the lower edge of the front; antenne as in faticornis ; front projecting the horizontal diameter of the eyes in front of the latter. Thorax and scutellum yellow, tinged with flesh colour, ee ee aw THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 mesonotum opaque, gray pruinose, marked with three black vitte, the lateral ones divided by a median line behind the transverse suture; pleura marked with about five black spots. Abdomen somewhat polished, the middle of each segment and a pair of vitte on the venter, black. Legs yellow, the last tarsal joint black. Halteres yeliow. Wings as in laticornis. Length, 5 mm. Arkansas City and Kinsley, Kansas. Two specimens bred by G. I. Reeves and E. G. Kelly, of the grain-insect investigation of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Type No. 12775, U. S. National Museum. THE LATE DR. BRODIE. At a meeting of the Toronto Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, held on November 11th, the following resolution. was adopted after several members had attested their appreciation of the service of their late President : “That this Society desires to record its deep sorrow and keen sense of loss felt by every member in the death of the late President, Dr. William Brodie. The wonderful store of knowledge he had accumulated by years of active research and close communion with nature, was always Open to every earnest seeker. He was willing at all times to help with inexhaustible patience, anyone seeking a key to nature’s secrets. His time and the result of his wide experience were always at the disposal of the enquirer, and ignorance that must have seemed almost criminal in his eyes was always patiently enlightened. He attracted and inspired both old and young by rare endowments and attributes. He combined deep philosophic insight with careful accuracy cf observation ; an open mind with strong opinions : the wide knowledge of an omnivorous reader with unflagging enthusiasm and earnestness of purpose ; a broad appreciation of nature’s charms through all the changing seasons, with a keen analytical spirit of research. He saw both the beauty and grandeur of the landscape and the marvel and mystery of a blade of grass. In practical work Dr. Brodie seemed to possess the rare quality of specializing in many lines. In entomology and especially in the field of parasitism and gall-production he added much to the world’s knowledge. His entomological collections are a valuable heritage. He also led in many lines of investigation, in _ ornithology and other departments of zoology. In botany, too, he did much valuable work, both as collector and investigator. This resolution would be incomplete without a tribute to Dr. Brodie’s full appreciation 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of the world’s best in art, in music and in literature, his kindly human sympathy and his earnest interest in the deeper problems of existence. ‘This effort to express our appreciation will not seem fulsome to those to whom his worth has been revealed in close personal friendship and co- operative work. In expressing our own keen sense of a great loss, we desire also to extend our sympathy to those of his own household and © the relatives who must still more deeply feel their heavy bereavement.” NOTES ON THE HABITS OF DISOGMUS PUBS KEIFFER. BY G. E. SANDERS, URBANA, ILL. On June 3, 1909, at Aurora, Ill., in following the plow in a timothy field heavily infested with the larve of a Carabid, Amara carinata, two were found to contain parasites, and on June 7th two adult 2 Désogmus pubescens were obtained from them. When taken, the Disogmus were both freshly-formed chrysalids, wholly bare, and attached by the posterior end to the larve from which they had emerged. In both cases the Disogmus larva had developed singly within the host larva, with its head end toward the hinder part of the Amara larva. The Disogmus larva emerges from its host, breaking through the ventral segments near the posterior end, until only the tip of the abdomen remains attached. The chrysalid is formed with its ventral surface toward the ventral surface of the host larva, the two being joined at the posterior ends to form a V. When taken at g a.m., June 3rd. the two Chrysalids were perfectly white, excepting the eyes, which were brown. At 5, p.m., June 3rd, the ocelli had turned brown, and the thorax in both was beginning to show a slight brownish tinge. On June 5th the head and thorax in both were black, the abdomen still white. On June 6th the abdomen was reddened slightly. On June 7th both adults emerged. Regarding the development of the host, Amara: the chrysalids were formed from May roth to May rath, and the first adult emerged May 28th. An examination of the field on June 14th showed many adults present ; only one chrysalid was found on this date. On October 15th, 1908, one 9 Diésogmus pubescens was taken burrow- ing three inches down in a cornfield at Urbana, Illinois. This indicates that the species is probably two-brooded. As it is improbable that more information on the life-history of Disogmus will be obtained soon, and hitherto none of the hosts of this genus have been recorded, these notes are given as a matter of record, February, 1910 ~~ = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY S. A. ROHWER, BOULDER, COLO. Paper VIII.—NeEw SPECIES FROM CALIFORNIA. Loderus niger, N. sp. Male: Length, 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus deeply emarginate, the lobes broad and obtuse ; the labrum rounded at the apex, punctured ; the front rugoso-granular ; behind the ocelli the head is shining and punctured ; the lateral oceilar furrows distinct to the lateral ocelli, but not extending beyond them ; the supraorbital fovea large and - shallow, deeper at the orbits. Antenne rather stout, somewhat flattened, the third joint very little longer than the fourth. The mesonotum and the scutellum shining, rather sparsely punctured, the punctures on the anterior lobe more compact ; mesopleurz anteriorly rugoso-punctured, posteriorly finely punctured ; pectus shining, with a few scattered punc- tures. The basal abscissa of the cubitus strongly bowed downward, otherwise the venation is normal: stigma broadest at the base, tapering to the apex. Abdomen shining. Colour black ; in some specimens there is a piceous spot at the apex of the anterior femora beneath. The head, thorax and legs with white hair. Wings dusky, hyaline, iridescent ; venation black. Female: The female differs from the male in being slightly larger, in having the wings paler, and the stigma more rounded beneath. The -antenne are not so flattened; the sheath is stout, the upper posterior angle is sharp. Type locality: Mountains near Claremont, California. Males and females collected by C. F. Baker. This is very distinct from Loderus albifrons (Nort.), the only other described Zoderus know to occur in North America, by the en- tirely black colour. In general appearance it is like the group sericeus of Dolerus. Prototaxonus, n. gen.—Clypeus distinctly emarginate ; antennal joints three and four subequal ; ocellar basin evident ; the last two joints of the maxillary palpi subequal; malar space narrow but present; the third cubital cell broader below than above, due to the oblique transverse third cubitus ; the second abscissa longer than the free part of M,; the cross nervure of the lanceolate cell (free part of znd A) slightly oblique ; cell February, 1910 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, R,.. of the hind wings appendiculate ; two discal cells in the hind wing. Hind basitarsus shorter than the fo lowing joints united ; the ‘hind tibiz longer than the femora and trochunters ; claws with a short inner tooth. Type, Prototaxonus typicus, Roh. The following genera of Emphytine are closely related. They all . have the hind basitarsus shorter than the following joints united, the first transverse cubitus is always present, the free part of M, is always shorter than the second abscissa of the cubitus, the cross-nervure of the lanceolate cell is straight or slightly oblique, the hind wing has two discal cells, and the lanceolate cell is sessile at the apex in the hind wing. . Tarsal claws simple (clypeus emarginate ; cell R,,. of the hind wings lonely appendiciilaté). 0-2 6 oat a eee eee Cockerellonis, MacG. Tarsal claws with an infer tooth ....2..<6..~...: oe See Ty 1. Clypeus emarginate ; third transverse cubitus Oblique. . 66. ua ses ee De ete ne Ceo gts wer ce = Cae Clypeus truncate ; third transverse cubitus straight..............2. 2. Cell R,,, of the hind wings appendiculate ; third cubital cell of the fore wings more than twice as long as the third transverse cubitus ; apical and preceding joints of the maxillary palpi subequal ; posterior tibize not longer than the femora and trochanter... 2. 0505 2. in. Se ee. seat te os 2 Cell R,,, of the hind wings not appendiculate ; third cubital cell of the fore wings not twice as long as the third transverse cubitus; the apical joint of the maxillary palpi distinctly longer than the preced- ing ; the posterior tibiz distinctly longer than the femora and trochanter, . .'sc.5.0<.s tsb besa ee eee Hemitaxonus, Ashm. FPrototaxonus typicus, n. sp.—Female: Length, 7 mm. Head sub- opaque ; eyes slightly converging to the clypeus ; clypeus deeply emar- ginate, the lobes broad ; lateral ocellar furrows very broad ; the ocellar basin not closed below, uniting with the middle fovea ; supraclypeal fovea deep, merging into the antennal fovea above ; the apical antennal joint shorter than the preceding one. Mesonotum and scutellum shining and polished ; sides of the scutellum with some large punctures ; the meso- pleurzee dulled by gray hairs The transverse radial received in the extreme apex of the third cubital. The sheath broad slghtly emarginate below, truncate, the upper angle very sharp; cerci robust, short, not a eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST dl tapering. Colour black ; clypeus, labrum, palpi, angles of the pronotum, tegulz, a narrow band on all the apical abdominal segments and the middle of the venter ye//ow?sh or orange colour. \.egs black ; tips of the coxe, trochanters, apical half of the femora and the bases of the tibie yellow ; the four anterior legs are brownish, not black. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown. Male: Length,6 to 7mm. The male differs from the female in having the legs below the bases of the coxz orange-colour ; the posterior tibie at the apex and sometimes above are infuscated. The trans- verse radial of the male is quite often interstitial with the third transverse cubitus. Type locality: Mountains near Claremont, California. One female and six males collected by C. F Baker. Strongylogaster tibialis, Cresson, from Nevada, may belong to the genus Prototaxonus. FP. typicus differs from Cresson’s description of S. tibialis in the yellow clypeus and labrum. Parataxonus lenis, Roh.— Zaxonus lenis, Roh., Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, June, 1908, p. 110. On re-examining the type of this species I find it belongs to the genus Parataxonus, MacG. Cryptocampus Bakeri, n. sp.—Female: Length, 4.75 to 6 mm. Head seen from the side broadest above the antenne, gradually narrowing to the occiput ; seen from the front the occiput rounds up above the orbits. Clypeus rather deeply emarginate, lobes rather broad, obtuse at the apex. Supraclypeal fovea merging into the antennal fovee ; middle carina strong ; middle fovea deep, narrow, not closed above; the ocellar basin not completely inclosed, the lateral walls the strongest; lateral ocellar furrows broad, shallow ; intraocellar fovea wanting ; frontal crest not very strong, broken in the middle. The third and fourth antennal joints about equal, perhaps the third isa little the shorter; the apical joint about the same length as the preceding, straight above, very slightly rounded out beneath, the apex acute. Head not very closely or strongly punctured ; scutellum shining, not nearly so closely punctured as the mesonotum. Venation of both wings normal ; stigma broadest near the base, gradually tapering to the apex; claws deeply cleft, the inner tooth the shorter. Sheath straight above, gradually rounded from the rather sharp upper angle below ; cerci slender, somewhat tapering, as long as - a2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the sheath; the sheath and cerci are clothed with rather long hairs. Colour black and ferruginous ; antenne black, somewhat pallid beneath apically ; a spot from the ocelli to the occiput, and the back of the head, black ; thorax above, pectus, lower part of the pleurz, ‘‘posterior plate of the epimeron” ? (Marl. N. Am. Nematinz), a spot in the middle of all of the abdominal segments above, the apex of the sheath, d/ack ; the tips of the tarsi and tibise somewhat dusky. Wings hyaline, iridescent; veins brown or pale brown, basal half of the stigma pallid. Male: Length, 4.75 mm. The sculpture and shape of the head is much hke the female; the clypeus is not so deeply notched, there is a more or less distinct sulcus from the anterior ocellus to the middle fovea, the antennze are longer and covered with short hair, and the colour is somewhat darker. The procidentia is prominent and truncate at the apex ; the hypopygidium is long and narrowed toward the apex. Colour black ; all the orbits, clypeus, middle carina, tips of the pronotum, tegule, venter of the abdomen, and legs below the base of the coxe reddish-yellow ; apex of the posterior tibiae and their tarsi black; antennz a little paler beneath, at the apex. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation and stigma brown, extreme base of the stigma pale. Gall: Length, 12 to 20 mm.; width, 5 to 6 mm.; height, 4 to 4.5 mm. ; a lateral swelling on the twig, never very abrupt, generally gradually tapering off at each end; when dry, roughened longitudinally ; always monothalamous ; adult leaving the gall from an opening in the side; bark of the twig when dry reddish-brown ; occurs.on Sa/éx sp. . Var. A.—Two females have the stigma pale brown, and most of the pleurz black, and the head is coloured like the male. Type locality: Claremont, California. Many males and females bred from galls, and a few specimens collected by C. F. Baker. This species is near debb:ane, Roh., but it differs from that species as follows: Female: Occiput rounded above the eyes; middle fovea elongate ; a spot on the pleurze pale, and the apical antennal joint is more acute at the apex. Male: The occiput is more strongly rounded above the eyes ; the middle fovea is deep elongate ; the frontal crest is not nearly as prominent ; the apical antennal joint is more obtuse at the apex ; the procidentia is narrower, longer and more prominent. The gall is not as abrupt as the gall of deddian@, and undoubtedly occurs on a different species of Sa/ix, — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, a8 FURTHER NOTES ON PACHYBRACHYS. BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS. Among the Mexican material of the late Mr. Jacoby is a specimen from Ventanas, Durango, labelled P. Ventanensis, Jac. I find no descrip- tion under this name, and it seems to be the form described as Durango- ensis, Jac. It comes very close to one of the forms I have called Snow, but in the absence of further Mexican material I can only draw attention to it. In the Snow collections is a ? specimen from the Santa Rita Moun- tains, Arizona, which I placed provisionally as /onmgudus, Suff. There is no example of this species among my Mexican material, and further specimens are needed to fully determine its identity. The form is broad, long and cylindrical, flattened above and rather coarsely punctured ; of the same form as punctatissimus, Jac., with narrow, wide thorax. It is the largest species in North America, measuring 6 mm. in length and 3 mm. in breadth. In the second Jacoby collection under the name ocu/atus, Suff., is a single ¢ cf the form named by me, Zexanus, Can. ENT., 1909, p. 316. What purported to be the type of ocu/atus, Suff., was lent to me by Prof. Taschenburg from the Halle Museum. It did not agree with the descrip- tion of ocu/atus, and seemed to me to be a specimen of fectora/is, Mels., and I have seen nothing which appears to me to fit the description of oculatus. Specimens taken at Wellfleet, Massachusetts, by Messrs. Frost and Bolster, I was at first inclined to regard as the true ocudatus, Suff., but finally put them with fectoralis, Mels. The Eastern Coast States is the locality given for ocu/atus, Suff. The following forms seem to merit recognition : P. notatus, nov. sp.—Large sized, stout. dull black and bright yellow, thorax with three prominent yellow spots on top, elytra fairly regularly Striate, punctate. Length, 314 mm. Head yellow, flat, with black vertex, connected with center line, which runs into a crescent mark which ends at the antenne on either side, black marks thickly punctate, clypeal edge also black, sparingly whitish pubescent, especially in the angles of the eyes, which are distant ; antennze dark, lighter towards the base, reaching the hind coxa in ¢; thorax con- stricted in front and narrowed behind, yellow, with very narrow beading on front margin black, the surface covered by a broad black M, which occupies nearly the whole rear margin and leaves a lateral and anterior February, 1g10 at THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. border of yellow, the former being the widest ; there is also a pear-shaped yellow spot placed. obliquely and pointing to the scutel on either side of the disk at the rear, dilated end to the front and an anterior median spot, which joins the yellow margin, also a small yellow dot on each side ; surface with sparse punctures, closer toward the anterior corners, the yellow margins, except as aforesaid, are about free from punctures, lateral edge very slightly subangulate in ¢ ; elytra parallel, slightly compressed behind the shoulders, yellow, with suture and margin narrowly black ; the inside standard spots suffused longitudinally into an irregular black mark joining a transverse band on the convexity formed by the suffusion of the four rear spots, the external middle spot is not suffused, the humeral spot is also distinct, the punctuation is a little coarser than the thorax, largely confused, but the intervals from the third outwards on the rear half of the elytra are more or less distinctly indicated, though the costz are everywhere flat, the third and fourth and the marginal and next to it are the most marked intervals, there is also a prominent smooth yellow sutural shield and another patch occupying three or four intervals and forming a transverse spot on the side just before the convexity ; marginal stria barely sinuate behind the lobe, which is wide and smooth, with a fine row of marginal punctures ; under side black, with silvery pubescence, prosternum semisulcate ; legs yellow, with spots on thighs, and tibie and tarsi darker ; hind thighs with a white spot on end, and front thighs with light spot on front. One ¢, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz. Collected by the late Prof. Snow. In form, size and general appearance very similar to zaclusus, Jac. Type in Snow collections. P. trivittata, nov. sp.—Medium sized, yellow above, regularly punc- tate striate, with heavy black thoracic M and three elytral stripes not reaching the apex, the middle stripe sutural. Length, 2%-3 mm. Form rather short and stocky, head yellow, with very heavy black frontal and vertex marks ; antennez black, slightly tinged with brown at the base, reaching about the middle of the abdomen in 4, frontal face flat and thickly punctate, eyes very distant, especially in the ?, thorax broader than long, narrowed towards the front, evenly and moderately punctured on the dark parts, sparsely elsewhere, colour light yellow, with heavy black M, sides broadly, roundly subangulate, a little in front of the middle, elytra of the same width as the thorax, yellow, regularly punctate striate, the third interval complete, like da/sas and pallidipennis ; each i lel THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo elytron has the suture and a discoid‘] vitta black, the former connecting with the middle of the thoracic M and ending just over the convexity (the two clytra together showing a single sutural vitta of the same width as the discoidal), the latter begins back of the inflexed edge on the third and fourth intervals and runs back to the edge of the convexity, at which point it switches to the side, and, with acurve, connects with the posterior stand- ard exterior spot, the middle and anterior standard exterior spots are also marked in black, the humeral the stronger, marginal stria lightly curved, with the lobe strongly developed and a thick row of marginal punctures, body beneath black, the last one or two segments and the pygidium picked out with yellow, legs black with spots on the femora and tibiz, making yellow knees ; the anterior coxe are also yellow in the 2, the anal fossa is broad and shallow. . This species belongs to the ofhonus group. Twelve examples, Cuernavaca, P. de Ixtla, Mexico. Collected by Mr. Wickham. ‘Type coll., Bowditch. £. Carolinensis, nov. sp.—Of the size and general facies of dajulus, Suff., only much more regularly punctate striate ; colour dirty-yeliow, with the standard spots more or less suffused. Length, 2-214 mm. Head yellow, with the usual dark, median and vertex spots, which are thickly punctured ; the extent of the colour varies much, and speci- mens occur where the yellow is much reduced, front slightly convex, eyes distant in both sexes ; antennz yellowish or brown, reaching the middle of abdomen in g, much shorter in 2; thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, subangulately rounded at the sides about the middle, colour yellow, with the M more or less distinctly indicated, but usually by partially disconnected patches, punctures rather fine and mostly confined to the dark areas, scutel narrowed at rear and black ; elytra yellow, with almost regular strize of rather coarse black punctures ; the best developed examples show only a slight confusion of the punctures in the scutellar area, anda very slight break or slip back of the humerus, at or about the area of the middle exterior standard spot ; these specimens also show a well-marked triangular shield ; the standard spots are all more or less visible, and run together in ill-defined areas, and the suture and margin are narrowly black, the marginal stria is very lightly curved, with a well- developed lobe ; body beneath black, with the sides of the abdomen and pygidium picked out with yellow; legs brown, yellow or whitish, with darker rings on the femora, knees and tibiz ; anal fossa shallow, 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, _The species is less narrowed than: femoratus O., and much more regularly striate. ; Twenty-two examples, Southern Pines, N. C. Collected by Mr. A. H. Monee. ‘Type coll., Bowditch. P. Shasta, nov. sp.—Size rather large, colour testaceous, tinctured. with reddish-brown, not infrequently with the standard spots on the elytra, which are coarsely punctate. Length, 3-31 mm. Head flat, testaceous, with dark impressed vertical line joining a dark spot on the vertex and also at bases of antenne, which are testaceous at base, growing darker after the fourth joint and reaching about the middle of the body (¢), eyes distant, thorax testaceous, broader than long, moderately punctate, strongly, tubularly narrowed in front and with a well-marked rear depression ; M indicated by brown clouds, which vary much in density, the ends of the arms being, as usual, in the ends of the transverse depression, Jateral edge angulate and sinuate at rear; scutel prominent and truncate, elytra testaceous, with diffuse usually brown punctures, which towards the rear and sides are arranged in rows, making regular but flat intervals, standard spots showing to a greater or less extent, in one example the rear spots are suffused into a rough band and join the middle interior spot, in another ¢ all the spots show except the middle ones, so that it appears as four black spots on the back, and in others the spots are only faintly indicated, marginal stria very feebly curved and strongly sinuate behind, lobe well developed, very feebly punctured, below usually dark, with the epimera, sides of abdomen and last segment and pygidium light. This last has dark spots on each side and middle, the fossa of 2 is also dark, legs testaceous, with more or less clouds ; some examples are much lighter coloured below. The form is broad, not narrowed behind, but constricted in front. Most of the specimens I have seen were in the collection of Mons. Clavareau, of Brussels, and collected by Dr. Fenyes at CaS$tle Crag. California. Type No. Calif. coll., Bowditch. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. The Treasurer desires to call the attention of members, and subscrib- ers to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, to the fact that the annual dues of one dollar were payable last month. All those who have not yet sent in their subscriptions are kindly requested .to do so at their earliest conven- ience. Remittances should be made by post-office or express orders, which only cost two cents, and not by bank cheques, which cannot be cashed for less than fifteen cents as a rule, and sometimes even more. Orders should — be made payable to Zhe Entomological Society of Ontario, Guelph, Can. ESS = LUO ae oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a7 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF EUPITHECIZ& FROM WESTERN AMERICA. BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, NANAIMO, B. C. Eupethecia Laggan ata, n. sp.—Expanse, 22 mm. Palpi short and sto ut. Head, thorax and fore wings dark gray, with a brownish tinge. Abdomen and hind wings paler, the first segment and the last two segments of the abdomen whitish. Fore wings very long and narrow, pointed at apex, tornos rounded. The wings are crossed by numerous alternate pale and dark lines, the dark lines being emphasized on the costa, and the paler ones on the hind margin. There are about four of the pale lines between the base of the wing and the intradiscal line, two in the median space and three beyond the extradiscal line, in addition to the wavy submarginal. The median area is limited outwardly by a dark shade, which follows an unusual course ; it is directed inwardly from the costa to the ‘subcostal vein, then curves outwardly to vein two, and then with a similar curve to inner margin, which it meets three-fourths out from base ; there is a long black dash on the median vein, and another on vein two. The lines on the fore wing seem to be continued across the hind wing, but are only evident on its inner margin, except the fine wavy, white submarginal line, which can be traced completely across the wing. The central portion of the hind wing is quite without markings. Beneath the fore wing is very lightly scaled; there are three dark spots on the costa, alternating with three pale spots, the central dark spot being exactly above the discal spot. There is a fourth dark spot on the costa, near the base, and a fifth near the apex. Submarginal space slightly darker, with the pale submarginal line faintly indicated. Hind wing more heavily scaled, gray, crossed by about five brown lines complete across wing, rhe first and third extradiscal being heavy and diffuse ; discal points brown, minute. This species bears a slight superficial resemblance to the European £. nanata, but has much narrower wings, and a different arrangement of lines. The type specimen, a male, is unique at present, and was captured by my good friend, Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, above Agnes Lake, near ~~ Laggan, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,200 feet. It is dated 17 VIII, ’o7. The captor has very generously left it in my collection, February, 1910 aS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. See - $$ —__—___ —~—_a— —______- oe Eupithecia compactata, n, sp.—Expanse,24mm. - =~ og Palpi short and stout. - Upper surface wholly dark ; gray. Fore wing rather long and narrow; four or five wavy lines in the basal area; intradiscal dark and heavy on the costa, running out at a right angle to the costa as far as the cell, then in a fine wavy line to inner. margin. Median space darker except for a pale cloud which precedes the linear black discal spot ; a very faint median line includes the discal spot, and a second similar line, between it and the extradiscal, is parallel to hare first. The discal space is bounded outwardly by a double pale line, which makes a rather sharp angle opposite the discal, and runs thence in an almost straight line to the inner margin, being subparallel to the outer margin. Submarginal space the same shade as the median. It is bisected by a conspicuous wavy white line, which terminates in a large V on vein 2. Hind wing same colour as fore wing, clear of markings, except traces of lines on the inner margin, and a very faint discal point. Marginal broken line on all wings. Fringes long, spotted. Beneath, fore wing lightly scaled, smoky; lines on the upper side indicated by dark spots on the costa; submarginal line and discal spot faintly reflected. Hind wing gray, with a faint discal point, and a basal and two extra- discal brown lines marked by dashes on the veins. The under side of this species bears a close resemblance to that of £. Lagganata, described in this paper, but on the upper surfaces the two insects seem sufficiently distinct. The type is a single female taken at Windermere, Upper Columbia River, British Columbia, by Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, on the 13 VII, ’07, and generously given to me. I have lately seen a specimen taken by Mr. C. H. Young at Euchulet, on the west cost of Vancouver Island (16 VII, ’o9), which looks rather like £. compactata, but I cannot be quite sure of its being conspecific. Eupithecia Spaldingt, n. sp.—Expanse, 21 mm. This is a rather obscurely marked species, but it is possible that if my type specimen was in better condition the markings would appear more definite. The whole upper surface of the wings is gray, overlaid with scattered black scales. All the margins of the wings are very straight, and the fore wings are narrow and pointed, — ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a9 The basal area (of fore wing) is pale, no definite lines can be made out. The median band is darker than the rest of the wing, and its intra- and extradiscal bounds are almost parallel to each other. Each of these lines runs from the costa, at a sharp angle, to the median vein, then turning inwardly at right angles to its former course, runs in an almost straight line to vein r, and thence curves inwardly to inner margin. There is a white, wavy, submarginal line, rather nearer than usual to the margin of the wing, and accompanied on each side by a dark shade. There is a conspicuous black discal spot on the median band, and though no lines can be traced in the band itself, there are the beginnings of two such lines indicated on the costa. The clear, conspicuous median band is characteristic of this species, and will enable it to be easily recognized. Type, 1 female, Stockton, Utah, 2 IX, ’03, taken by Mr. Thomas Spalding, after whom I name the species. ‘I owe the specimen to the kindness of Prof. H. F. Wickham. A NEW DIPTEROUS PARASITE OF BATS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. At the Great Sphinx Mine, south of Crisman, Boulder County, Colorado, alt. 7,000 ft., on Nov. 1, 1909, Mr. John J. Blanchard obtained a bat of the species Corynorhinus macrotis (subsp. fadlescens, Miller), which he kindly transmitted to the Museum of the University of Colorado. Upon it were two specimens of the curious Streblid genus Zrichobius, male and female. I thought at first that they were Z: major, Coquillett, which they resemble in their relatively large size, but comparison with Mr. C, T. Brues’s excellent description and figures in Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, 1904, pp. 131-134, shows that they represent a new species. Trichobius corynorhini, n. sp. 2 .—Length a very little over 3 mm.; wing 31%; head, thorax and legs clear, bright ferruginous, with golden-ferruginous hair; anterior median line on thorax rather obscure, and transverse suture not marked by a black line; abdomen above purplish-plumbeous toward the base, and ‘whitish dorsally about the middle ; halteres white ; claws black; wings creamy-white, with pale ferruginous veins. The important characters separating this from Z: major are: First cross-vein distinctly nearer base than apex of wing ; third (between fifth and sixth longitudinals) cross-vein February, tgio 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. conspicuously oblique ; eyes with eleven ommatidia, three in the middle ; hair on outer margin of hind femora much longer, fully as long as the width of the broad femur; hair at sides of apex of abdomen quite long (though much shorter than in the male) ; thorax not so broad. ¢.—Similar to the female, except in the characters mentioned by Brues. The eyes, however, have 14 ommatidia, four being in the middle. The antennz are pale yellowish, strongly contrasting with the deep reddish palpi. Head above beset with long bristles, which are not at atl confined to a line, as in Brues’s figure of Z: major; bristle on end of palpus very long. The claws are unidentate, as in Z:? major ; Townsend (Ent. News, 1891, p. 105) states that those of 7: Dugesti are bidentate. The insect has all the characters of Zrichodius, as distinguished from Strebla. A SYNTOMID MOTH IMPORTED WITH BANANAS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. | In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1904, p. 204, Mr. Cockle reported the occurrence of a specimen of Ceramidia Butleri (Moschl.), in British Columbia, imported with bananas. A couple of weeks ago a specimen of Ceramidia was found in a grocery store in Boulder, Colorado, also among bananas. In all probability the larve live on the banana, and pupate among the fruit. On looking up the literature of Ceramsdia, especially Hampson’s revision in the British Museum Cat. Lep. Phalene, Vol. I, 1898, I found that the Boulder insect was indeed very close to C. Butleri, but apparently distinct. I accordingly wrote to Dr. Dyar for particulars concerning Mr. Cockle’s specimen, which is in the U. S. National Museum ; in reply he sent me the desired information, and in addition notes on several other related forms represented in the Museum. Dr. Dyar expresses the opinion that these different insects are good species, and advises me to describe mine. It is probable that the question whether we have to do with one polymorphic species, or several allied but distinct ones, can only be settled by breeding ; but, in any event, the several forms are readily distinguishable, and deserve to be named, Ceramidia ( Butlert, var.2) mustcola, n. sp. ¢ .—-I*xpanse about 37 mm.; structure, including antennz, venation, etc., as in C. Lutleri,-and with the first three ventral abdominal segments white, except the narrow hind margin of third and lateral hind margins of February, tg10 =~ Se THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 second ; head, thorax and abdomen above strongly metallic, the head and thorax bluish, with the hair black, the abdomen yellowish-green, but bluish apically, the tuft dark steel-blue ; patagia with a white spot ; neck with an elongate crimson mark on each side ; front with a large transversely oval white spot ; orbits margined with white above and in front, broadly at sides of face; the large anterior coxie broadly white in front ; a large white spot on each side at .base of abdomen; anterior wings above a_ sub- metallic blue-black, the basal and apical field not at all differently coloured ; posterior wings with the upper haif normally overlapped by the anterior wings, shining whitish ; beneath, anterior wings are white where they overlap the posterior, and are otherwise distinctly more metallic than above. Among bananas at boulder, Colorado, doubtless imported from Central America. A similar, perhaps identical, insect, from Honduras, is in the National Museum, as I learn from Dr. Dyar. The specific name is from Jfusa, the banana. The type will be sent to U. S. National Museum. The C. Sutlert group may be tabulated thus: Pee IISOM SPOlGe.. sco. or oe sy ae wos bene wel wha uw hel SOC CMAMASON SIMOTS foc) oi. cag. o's ae siege es w+ nes ack ovens a Be i. Basal half of anterior wings shining green............vtridis, Druce. Basal half of anterior wings coloured like the rest................2. peerontowith a large white spot..../..5...............musicola, Ckll. Front without a white spot (S. America)............Butlert, Moschl. 3. Ftont with a white spot................British Columbia specimen. Front without a white spot (Venezuela)...........caurensis, Klages. Dr. Dyar reports that Mr. Cockle’s specimen has the basal half of fore wings shining green, as Druce describes for vr7d/s, but it has no red spots on the neck, while it has a white spot on the front. Thus it is near to viridis, but not the same. The whole series affords a very good example of ‘Kaleidoscopic variation,” with different combinations of the same unit characters. Whether or not these forms are fixed in nature, no doubt they could easily be obtained pure and constant by a breeder, following Mendelian methods. 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. HEMIPTERA. NEW AND OLD.—No. 3. BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Fam. Cimicide. SAGRINA VITTATA, Spinola (= macropterous), = Atelides centro- Zineatus, Dallas (= brachypterous). Spinola described the long-winged - form of this interesting Dinidorine in 1850; two years later Dallas described the short-winged form as Afe/ides centrolineatus, unaware of Spinola’s work. Since then, so little has been known of the species,. that Stal: wrote (1867, O. V. A. F., XXIV, 522), “‘hemelytris alisque abbreviatis (an semper ?).” In the “ Fauna of India,” Rh., I, 288-9 (1902), Mr. Distant described and figured the long-winged form under Dallas’s name (also querying Spinola’s name), but omitted any mention of the other form. Pterygopolymorphism is so unusual in the Cimicide that a longer notice was merited. Unfortunately, I do not possess specimens of the long iwioned form, but as I have a pair of the short-winged form, from Upper Tong-kong (Riviere Claire), a few notes may be worth while. These short-winged examples have a remarkable ayaa appear- ance, particularly in the rather widely laminate lateral margins of the pronotum, although I suspect that these are not so thin as in the nymphs, and I do not know whether there is any difference in this between the two adult forms. My female agrees very Well with Dallas’s figure, except that in the latter the sutures of the tergites are not represented as sufficiently oblique laterally. The male is shorter in proportion, and the tegmina are a little longer, extending to the basal-most curve of the apical margin of the 4th tergite. The wings are exceedingly shori, with greatly reduced venation. I hope to represent the male pygopher in a future communication. MEGYMENUM DENTATUM, Boisduval. Papua, Fak-fak. ASPONGOPUS VIDUATUS, var. unicolor (H. S.). Kharttim. GONOPSIS PALLESCENS, Distant. S. India, Madura. . LYRAMORPHA SOROR, Breddin. Papua, I’ak-fak. Eurostus vALIDuS, Dallas. ‘Tong-king. ‘The parts mentioned by Dallas as black are dark green in the above (except the antenna), and as violet are bright metallic-green, TAMOLIA RAMIFERA (Walker). Horvath writes (1900, Termész, Fiizet, XXIII, 365), that his redescription of this species is taken from an February, 1gto ._ = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ’ 63 immature &.; I feel sure that Walker’s original description was also from an immature specimen. . The following seems to be the colouring. of mature ones : gd, %.—Above pitchy, with a bronzy gleam ; a pale narrow line submarginally along the anterolateral margins of the pronotum. ‘Tegmina piceous, the irregular cross-veins on the corium obscurely pale castaneous. Wings pale fuliginous. ‘Tergites metallic greenish-violet, dorsopleurites indigo-blue, with a pale wedge across the middle of each segment (larger and clearer in the male than in the female). Beneath (with the legs, etc.), a sort of rather indefinite reddish-piceous, the sterna and abdominal spine mostly yellower. Antenne pitchy black, apex of the last segment yellowish-brown. I have this from Papua, Fak-fak. Fam. Coreidz. In my recent papers I have rightly substituted the family name “Myodochide” for the old ‘ Lygeide,” but at the same time I unfortunately transferred the latter to, and substituted it for, the ~“Coreidee.” Coreus, however, is anterior by a few pages to Lyg@eus, so that the name “‘ Coreidz” should be retained. Although several of my colleagues objected (on other grounds) to the change, no one pointed out where the rea] fault lay. Iam very glad to be able, on the grounds of priority, to retain the well-known ‘Coreide,” as the transference of the equally well-known name Lygzidze was a great nuisance, although apparently necessitated. Now that name should pass away into the realms of synonymy. Fam. Cercopide. APHROPHORIAS, nom. nov., =|| Zora, Distant, 1908. Fam. Tetigoniide. Myso.is, Kirkaldy, 1904, =|| Mors?a, Walker, 1869, = LVorsiana, Distant,, r908. Mr. Distant has created an unnecessary new name. IASSUS SINHALANUS, nom. nov., =|| pu/chel/a (Kirby). I. RAMA, nom. nov., =| e/egazs (Distant). TetiGoNIA, Geoffroy, 1762. In the ‘‘ Fauna of India” (Rh. IV., 201, 1907), Mr. Distant regards as untenable my retention of the Geoffroyan name TZefzgonia, and my rejection of Jacobi’s Zeftigoniel/a. The thoroughness with which Mr. Distant has, with the assistance of Mr. Kirby, investigated this synonymy, is evidenced by his adoption of 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the dates “1798-9 ” for Geoffroy’s work, when I should have thought that the merest beginner would know that it was first published anonymously in 1762. It cannot be that Mr. Distant rejects the book on account of its anonymity, since he fully accepts the first volume of the Hope Cata- logue of Hemiptera. But even ifso, the matter is not complicated, as a re-issue was made in 1764 under Geoffroy’s name, and a summary, with proper specific names, appeared in 1785. I must therefore insist on dealing with the original issue of 1762 (or if Mr. Distant prefers, with that of 1764), and not with the much later edition cited by Mr. Distant. Under “ Cicada” Geoffroy first of all describes 25 species, not one of them belonging to the Cicadidz, in a modern sense. On p. 429 he observes that one could reserve for the big Cicadas the name of Cicada, and call the little ones Zetigonta, a name given to them by many authors, Procigales in French, as indeed Réaumur has called them. He then proceeds to give differential characters for the two. Again, on p. 412, he says that the Cicadas of his country were called by several authors Prociga/es, to distinguish them from the true Cicadas. He also describes two of the true sort. Mr. Distant contends, first of all, that Geoffroy’s Zetigonia was only a misprint for the Linnean Zet¢¢zgonia, of the Orthoptera, Geoffroy never once alludes to the Linnean TZeftzgonta, and renders his own genus Tetigonia each of the two times he mentions it by name. It is spelt also this way in the editions of 1764 and 1785, and presumably in the later one. Itis therefore no misprint, and it is ridiculous to suppose that Geoffroy, who had a much clearer idea of entomological taxonomy than Linneus had, could confuse the Hemipterous Cicadid with the Orthopterous Tettigoniid. In those days the rule of priority was as little respected as it is by Mr. Distant to-day, and Geoffroy probably disregarded Linneus’s division Zettigonia of Gry//us (deeming, as was the case with the ancient Greeks, Zetigonia to be a Hemipterous name), as Fabricius did the division Ranatrz of Linneus, when he wanted to found a Heteropterous genus. _ One of the most commonly accepted rules of Nomenclature is that two generic names are valid even if differing only by a single letter. Mr. Distant would accept, I suppose, such words as Ba/a and Balla ; therefore, as Geoffroy does not mention Linneus, the modern author ought to accept Zetigonia and Tettigonia. 1 cannot admit that the reference to Réaumur (a prelinnean author) can fix the type of 7Zetzgonia for the species mentioned by him. The same THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 thing has been attempted for Chermes, to make it a Coccid genus, but, as I believe, invalidly. With regard to Cicade//a, I am unable now to refer again to Latreille’s work of 1817. Ina later edition, the ‘‘ Cicade ranatre” are given as a synonym, but not exclusively, as is evident from the context ; the genus is divided into several subgenera, and. the Last one is called Lettigonia, being said to contain the Cicade//as proper. If, therefore, Tetigonia (or Tettigonia) is the typical subgenus of Cvcadella, then Cicadella is a strict synonym of the earlier Zetzgonia. Of course, if this information is not in the 1817 edition, then one of the ‘“ Ranatre” of Linneus, 1767, must be taken, and I must abandon my present contention (as regards Cicade//a). Fam. Asiracide. Delphax pictifrons, Stal, 1864, Steti. E. Z., XXV, 50, Mexico.—This has been omitted by Fowler in the Biologia. I do not know it. - BOOK NOTICE. GENERA INSECTORUM COLEOPTERA ADEPHAGA, Fam. CARABIDA, SUBFAM. CICINDELIN®. Von Dr. Walther Horn, Wytsman, Bruxelles, 1908. _ “One hundred and fifty years have flown since the publication of Linné’s tenth edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’ in which the Swedish naturalist cites five species of the genus Cvcindela. He calls them ‘Tigrides veloces,’ and the name ‘Tiger Beetles’ has persisted until to-day, when about forty genera, with twelve hundred species and a few hundred subspecies, are known.” These, freely translated, are the introductory words of Dr. Horn’s paper, and give some idea of the development of the knowledge of this group. Seldom do we meet with an entomological treatise in which the author displays such familiarity with the literature of his subject, together with knowledge of the specimens themselves, in cabinet and in nature. The amount of information conveyed is astonishing, and the work is really far more than its title indicates. It is arranged in two sections, a “General Part” devoted to a discussion of the problems encountered in a study of the group, and a “Special Part,” containing tribal and generic synopses with systematic list of all the species, accompanied by bibliographic, synonymic and geographic references. In the space available it is possible only to note the general plan of the work and to cite some points of interest to American entomologists. 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Dr. Horn believes that the Czcéndeline have been more thoroughly collected than almost any other group of beetles, and estimates that the number of species still unknown does not exceed twenty or twenty-five per cent. of those now described. The Palearctic region has long since been about exhausted, new species are scarcely to be expected from North” America, while Mexico, Central, America, western South America, South — Africa, as well as most of the islands of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic” Oceans have nearly ceased to yield novelties. The majority of new things — must come from China, India, the Philippines, Dutch Borneo, New Guinea, tropical Africa and Australia, Madagascar and Brazil. In this connection it must not be forgotten that the author’s conception of a species does not coincide with that of some descriptive entomologists, and forms which appear to be more or less worthy of names will undoubtedly still come to hand in numbers. The tiger beetles are regarded as forming a subfamily of Carabide, under the name Cicindelinsee—a reduction in rank, which seems undoubt- ediy warranted in view of the evidence presented. After a sketch of the history of their classification, the author presents the arrangement developed by his own researches, separating them into two great phyla, according to the structure of the metepisterna; these divide again into five tribes, with several minor groups, as follows : ( I. Ctenostomini. -A. Alakosternal phylum. - “ek ( II. Collyrini. ‘T1II. Cicindelini. 1. Theratina. 2. Prothymina. Be Odontochilina. 4. Cicindelina, 5. Dromicina. B. Platysternal phylum. < AR Ceara IV. Megacephalini. 1. Megacephalina. 2. Omina. — 3. Platychilina. V. Mantichorini. Of these, only III and IV are represented in North America by the Cicindelina, Megacephalina and Omina—our genera being Cicindela _ (including Dromochorus), Megacephala( Tetracha), Omus and Amblychila. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 a A considerable portion of the volume is devoted to morphological _ discussions, illustrated by three well-executed plates. These abound in abdomen, the elytral epipleurz, the hind wings, the elytral markings (this last with over a hundred text figures, showing the development and modifications of the colour pattern), and the vestiture. From the study _ of the markings the conclusions are drawn that identity of pattern is by “no means always indicative of close relationship, although related species have usually similar markings, and that longitudinal marks in the Cicin- delinze are secondary rather than primary developments. 5 The chapter relating to geographical distribution and zodgeography is full of interesting details and conclusions. The number of genera and species increases as the equator is approached — this may be seen readily by reference tothe illustrative plate. Besides a very considerable portion of the colder boreal and austral lands, a great part of the Pacific island area is without Cicindeline. The genus Cicinde/a has the widest range, _ Megacepha/a (including Zetracha) coming next. Some of the species of a ‘both of the above genera have extremely wide range, others show remark- _ able cases of discontinuous distribution. Only two genera are Palzearctic, _ four Nearctic. The Neogzic (South American) region is very rich in generic types, eighteen being found there, of which two extend to the West ‘Indies. The Ethiopian region is believed to be the originial home of the _ ancestral Cicindeline of both phyla, and contains representatives of most ' of the modern groups. The Oriental region yields ten genera, and the same number is known to inhabit the Notogeic region, i.2., the Austro- Papuan-Polynesian district. The phylogeny of the tribes of Cicindelinz and of the principal _ types of the genus Cvcinde/a is worked out and illustrated by two plates. be From a study of relationships, the author reaches the conclusion that the Cicindeline form a branch of the family Carabidae, coordinate with the Carabine as a whole. Between the most primititive genuine Cicindeline and the corresponding Carabine on the one hand and their common Cicindelid-Carabid ancestor, a number of coordinate intermediate forms _ have been given off, two of which may be identified with the recent phyla of Cicindeline. That portion of the “ Special Part” which has come from the printer is concerned with the Ctenostomini and the Collyrini. The former tribe , 65 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. comprises two genera, Pogonostoma, with 32 species, all from Madagascar and the outlying islands, and Ctenostema, with 45 species, from South atid Central America, one extending into Mexico. The second tribe is divided between the genera TZricondyla (Tricondyla, s. str., and Derocrania), which contains 27 species, with numerous subspecies, and Collyris (subgenera Archicollyris and eocollyris), listing 65 species. Both of these genera are Oriental The remainder of the work is promised soon.—H. F. WIcKHAM. GEOMETRID NOTES—A NEW VARIETY. BY L. W. SWETT, BOSTON, MASS. Mesoleuca implicata, var. Williamst, n. var. Expanse, 21-24 mm. Palpi short and dark, front of head dark, with mark between antennex, as in implicata, Gn.; thorax and abdomen dark olive-brown. Fore wings olive-brown, with no traces of light ash as in implicata, the narrow band enclosing distal dot very dark olive, border of ° wings dark olive-brown. Otherwise the course of lines and their number are the same as in ¢mf/icata. Hind wings dark, with 7 or 8 dark smoky bands (not discernible in all specimens). Beneath two faint curved extra- discal lines and one broad marginal, with venular dots on fore wings. Hind wings wit two broad extradiscal dark bands and heavy dots at base of intervenuiar ‘dots of fringe. This variety is evidently a second brood of implicata, and differs from the latter in the dark olive-brown fore wings with band enclosing discal dot of the same colour, where in zmf/icata it is light ash, as is also the border of the wing, which is dark in Wil/iamsi. The body of Williamsi is dark, and the dorsal spots more diffuse than in zmpdlicata, which has lighter hind wings and lacks the heavy dark wavy bands with dark fringe. Beneath the difference is less striking, except in the type, which is more heavily marked on the hind wings. This is quite a striking variety, and I find nothing like it in Packard’s series from Cal., Nev. and B.C. I take pleasure in naming it after Mr. F. X.Williams, from whom I received it. San Francisco, Cal., type 1 2, Oct. 5, 1909 ; co-types 2 ?’s, Oct. 5 and 10, 1909. Cidaria muittilineata, Pack. (Proc. Bost. Soc., N. H., 1870, May 4, p- 403), is a synonym of zmplicata, with specimens of witen I have com- . pared the type. Mailed February Sth, 1910. i CANTEEN VOL. en {5% — oS FIG.4 LIXUS MARGINATUS, Say, | The anadtian Fontomologist VoL. XLII. LONDON, MARCH, rgrto. Ng: 3 NOTES ON ZIXUS- MARGINATUS SAY. BY MERRILL A. YOTHERS, E. LANSING, MICH. While collecting under a fence at the Michigan Agricultural College on the 4th of September, rgog, I noticed a great many swellings, about as large as peas, on the stems of the low, flat shore weed, Polygonum littorale. Upon opening these, I found that they were galls, containing a snout beetle or its larva or pupa. Many of the beetles had already emerged from their galls, in which there was always a hole in the apex or anterior end of the gall. Every beetle found was lying snugly in his or her nest, with head toward the terminal end of the twig. A great many larve and pup were found. At least one twig was found which contained a larva, a pupa, an adult, and the empty galls from which adults had emerged. The galls were generally scattered along the stems of the larger, healthier plants. Some were close to the base of the plants, and some were only a couple of inches from the tips, but mere were found about half the distance between bases and tips. The galls near the tips being necessarily small contained the very young larve, while the larger galls near the base contained the pupz, large larvae, and adult beetles. The beetles and galls were found only in the larger, healthier plants growing in protected places. None could be found on plants in such places as lanes, lawns and pastures, though luxuriant growths of the plant were found in such places. At the time of first finding this insect (Sept. 4), I collected several adults, a couple of larve anda pupa. One of the larvz was nearly full- grown, the other was not more than half-grown. Some of the beetles were just matured, others were quite ready to emerge, as some had already done. On October 6th I collected several more adults, larvee and pupe. On _ this date I found some very small larve, as well as other sizes. The life-history of this species is not entirely known, so far as I have been able to learn, The eggs must be laid just beneath the bark of the 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. plant or inserted into the pith. The season for egg-laying must of neces- sity be quite long, as both very young larve and emerged adults were found on September 4th and October 6th. Besides these stages, half- grown larve, mature larvae and pupe were found on both dates. Whether the latest adults to mature live over winter in the galls and do the egg- oe laying the next year I do not know. It may be that the larve or pupe, — or both, remain in the galls over winter and mature the succeeding spring ; or the adult beetles that emerge in the fall may hibernate in protected places and regain activity in the spring and lay eggs for the succeeding generation. A great number of the larve had been parasitized, as was shown by the absence of the larve and the presence of small holes in the galls through which the parasites had emerged. One of these parasites, a Braconid, was taken alive from a gall. A fungous disease was also found in several galls. The larvze were in these cases black, and covered with the fungous growth. I quote from Say the original description of this species : “Black, covered with minute, cinereous hairs, thorax impressed Inhabits Central States. Body black, covered with short, minute, robust, recurved hairs, punctured. Antennz rufous, club dusky. Thorax a little convex on each side, behind the middle of side rectilinear ; a little con- tracted before, with an indented line above, more profound near the base, with dilated, confluent, slightly impressed punctures, not deeply sinuate at base, with regular series of punctures. Elytra, region of the scutel indented ; abdomen dull fulvous behind ; length nearly seven-twentieths | of an inch.” LeConte, in his Catalogue of Rhyncophora of North America, makes the follow comment: ‘This species is said to occur on the Lower — Mississippi and in the Atlantic States. I have not identified it, nor was it known to Gyllenhal, who merely cites Say.” Dr. E. A. Schwarz, who kindly determined my specimens, said : “Zixus sylvius, Boh., is a synonym for Z. marginatus, Say, and as this synonomy has not been disputed, it should stand.” . The nearly-mature larve shown in fig. 3 measured 9g mm. This is the usual length. The pupe (fig. 4) are a little shorter, measuring about 8.5 mm. in length. Arranged in pairs along the posterior margin of each dorsal segment of the abdomen are twelve stout sete pointed with black. The adults (fig. 6) measure from 8 to 8.5 mm. in length, The greatest width is about 3 mm, |. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 The galls (figs. 1 and 2) are of various sizes. The smiller ones, 6 mm. in length, containing the young larvee ; those rr to r2 mm. in length and 7 mm. diameter containing the adult beetles. The life-history of this species becomes all the more interesting from the fact that several other members of the genus have habits somewhat similar. Zixus parcus has been bred from: galls in the stems of Amelanchier.. L. macer was bred by Dr. Riley from the axis of the stems of Chenopodium hybridum. ‘This species was also bred by Mr. Webster from Helianthus. L. scrobicollis, Boh., has been bred from Ambrosia artemisiefolia and Ambrosia trifida. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3. Fig. 1.—Gall, showing hole through which adult beetle has emerged. Fig. 2.—Gall, showing the inside hollowed out, where the larve and pupee live. Fig. 3.-—Mature larva. Fig. 4.—Nearly mature pupa. Fig. 5.—Proboscis, showing insertion of antenne. Fig. 6.—Adult beetle. THE JAMES FLETCHER MEMORIAL FUND. In addition to the list of subscriptions to the above fund, which was published in the July, 1909, number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the following amounts have been received : Entomological Society of Ontario..Guelph........... a 00 Collingwood ee iO ew 62) ss das Sek 30° 60 New York Entomological Society.. New York............ .... 25 00 NM iret a a) a1 ola oi)o. 4 ale. s dials AOELAWA« «waves s'o oe os es eee, «| 25 800 Natural History Society of British BOMMMENRENN a) 8e hare sia) oe 6 cin ao.» MCCOTI belss Ch. ads ds. ois sims 48s 4 20 OS See isenry Skinner.....:........ PEAT SGN LINE iain: wie age, eva. <\6. 6 of 15 co Hon. Senator Bostock........... CE aay ene f° sc] ER eek a Paces tiers be wre gis va, 10-08 eroteC. C. Ione marie weer FON eae cus wale bike aaa ee ere SESW I cy Anis ay ead apiee SY eto Hon. F. R. Latchford.. Se ectaccinc. ae vinta ss «ep eo Me DACTIIAM 2.52 54 0.5 sree Femina ‘D. C. ’icdawe TO) 00 M. W. Maynard... Tek alg RR eR et DI aed 10 00 -} te THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. W. Scott.. welds» bie we'd alse 220s LOTQU CG ape catetel Sel. es ee Mes. <. Schreiber. lve we ve oie 25 COLE Wae teers ee oo 3 ae Paes see ‘Victoria, BoC... a ee eB: Walker. >. oss... eee Doronila fe = eee 10 00% Peter Whelen.......-....<0..05 /OtliWaee | oo. OU... 2 2 se fe) jamaes Ballantyne: . >. 6: .asrensce 5 00 Mics. Re. Brown ..<2. Acree, | ee : 5 00 Walter Buiiiah ;..¢agee eee eee ‘Mavi: 5 09 Mis. WY. Az. Burmai.: 2a 2. oi. die coe im Dr, 0B. Barlow. 2.2: Ses ceteo sc eeolel tere 5 pS Beat. wi own ts adc ofa ea ae ae net at 2 thee Prof. :S.: Blair .nis- 2256 dee ee sae) Macdosald Cais eal Oe 5 00 President G. Pe eee Miss+M. Fitzpibbon.: - »...... a. Toronto .< 5 Sir james. “Ag-Grant.2- ona. be eee. Ottawa: es o 5 Pee pees 5 5 fete) ele) foe) 00 Dr. h welaward’a. >. > pues Wechinuioes aD Cc. J ee eee 00 Dr GC. Gordon. Hewitt 2.9 sie: s Ottawass: :. See fofe) rol. Winshon, 0)... a). s 2 4.dniverpaol, Rng. ow eee 5 00 Wes Lanigan . ise fs joc Bi Sons Xk WW per «+ hn Hie! be eG. Lani Sore kiss Mk Gat Heads Manon RA: 00 Dri. LaMatlates i... <0. ose Washineton, 0: ear. 00 Peek sOPRCGR 2s Narceoerst. .” “Speccwiela'. a AO LLAME canes aa 6 eee 00 evi. PeaRiCharG.s;.. esc Se aes Lak ell, soe fete) Dre NE ROY 2 nets so 2s ints Bene Be a eee 00 epbaynes, Reeds; +. ia ee VECLOTIE BG. ee foe) He Thompson Setoibs } 642.404. 5. e Cos! Cob, Conueerae role) MisseM. FP, Tolmie, a)... ... 2 Victor seers fete) WG AVlOr >. 258 hs AL eee Oa Wee ea fete) Ger, Young. vs gal pais eatin’ Ga eee : fete) Prof. F. M. Webster: : .. Washington, D.C... ofo) Misses A. and M. Williams daa Mr. WD: -Walliamsss.3. 26 .5..... 360 5) ahaa rr Re 5 eae John Dearness.... Miss F. Davidson.... Zot. J. 5. Hmeé.. W.H. Moore. Dr. M. G. Semihinney.- A. G. Ruggles... g. ©. sutheérlarnd..... ove. Peril - . Fred. Harmer. . Arthur M. Merihiney.: + (Ottawar. tons _ Urbana, TIll.. ECULA Wale wie ce cede ee ngoe es Ay Bee a) ORLA are 3 Pe MNOTIEKGa Ma, <<". oo aecen sn kip eae ous, Moses. .. Moose Jaw, Sask... .. -lndian Head, Sask. . Wicuorin. bo Co. mans a are Weotetsy ee oo cae: oe eae Wliveipa Me Vise see Ee aces So caret te oe Cee af Ere, Te ee ON ee ae SURES ah theedtal be ite ta a eed Fort Qu’Appelle, Sask. eS SOT (2) eee ee pa bymers,, Ont <~. .. Ottawa.. ay . ..Columbus, Oia -yacoten. Lake, ‘N- B.. on Sa .. Ottawa. oon not. Rrkoay Pick. Nan ; fomacomond, Oe. i. .: Se i i a ane ae fe. Se ae Lol 4 he Ln Lal -_ | WH lofe) 50 5° Up to date there has been subscribed to the Fletcher Memorial Fund about $1,700, which has nearly all been paid in. It has been decided to _ close the subscription list about the end of March, so it is hoped that any who have not yet subscribed to the Fund, but who wish to do so, will attend to this matter at once. The Committee hope to raise at least $1,800. It has been decided to erect a drinking fountain at the Central Experimental Farm.—ARrTHuR Gipson, Sec.-Treas. of Committee, Experi- mental Farm, Ottawa. 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW WAX-SCALE FROM THE ARGENTINE. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. The Coccide of the Argentine Republic must be considerably more pumerous than the records show. A carefully prepared list, with full bibliographical details, was published by Eugenio Autran in 1907 (Bol. Minist. Agricultura, VII), but it shows only 32 species. One may now be added ; I have had it in my possession for a number of years, but only recently, with the assistance of Miss L. H. Falk, have I been able to examine it in detail. Ceroplastes Lahillei, n. sp. Waxy scale about 3 mm. long, 214 broad and 1% high, solitary or aggregated in masses more or less surrounding the branch, the wax of the different individuals then completely confluent ; wax creamy-white, wholly without red or brown ; dorsal patch oval, consisting of the elongate-oval dorsal nucleus, and the six lateral and one anterior plates surrounding it, having their several nuclei distinctly developed ; caudal patch with a large dark spot, consisting of the caudal horn ; lateral wax abundant, convex in section, more or less concentrically grooved, with the usual broad vertical bands of chalky-white secretion. In lateral view the dorsal patch is hardly or not visible. ceri ferus, — (horn) = ee / C. brane. e. mexicanusS: 2anotlan, Tic. 5. Female with wax removed very small, about 2 mm. long, 1% broad, 1 1/5 high; pale ochreous, with the broad low shining mammiform caudal horn deep chestnut-brown, in strong contrast; dorsum obtusely keeled, and sides with the usual tubercles. In lateral view there is a deep impression between the dorsal hump and the caudal horn. March, Iglo wml ~~! oO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Skin thick, strongly chitinized ; cephalic region remarkable for three broad lobes or tubercles, one on each side of the antennez, and one between ; stigmatic spines very obtuse ; antenne eight-jointed, joints 2 to 7 measuring in microns: (2) 37, (3) 52. (4) 60, (5) 37, (6) 37, (7) 303 Fic. 6.—Antenna of C. Lahillei. these antennz are not quite like any others I have seen, but are rather similar to those of C. formicarius, scutigera, brachyurus, purpurellus and Mexicanus. Legs well developed (see figure) ; tarsal digitules with very - distinct knobs, claw digitules incrassate. (The microscopic figures are by Miss Falk.) AMY ADE Fic. 8. — Stigmatic Fic. 7.—Leg of C. Lahillei. spines of C. Lahillei. Hab.—Santa Ana, Argentine (Lahille). The bottle bears this label : “Sta. Ana (Misiones), Llana, No. 10, No. 8 Hem.” The genus Cerop/astes is evidently derived from some convex Lecaniid type, and from this point of departure presents a series of forms showing the most curious modifications, coincident with the greater development of wax. Some of the recognizable groups are as follows: (1.) C. denudatus Ckll., of the Lesser Antilles, which is at first a typical Cerop/astes, but in age loses nearly all of the wax, and looks like a Saissetia. (2.) Typical Cerop/astes, with convex scales, in which the lateral plates are large and reach the Jower margin ; caudal horn usually moderate, and 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. directed posteriorly. I give a figure of C. Mexicanus Ckll., showing the scale and the denuded female, the latter with the caudal horn visible. (3.) C. ceriferus, Anderson, and its allies, in which the wax is very thick, and the caudal horn, still directed posteriorly, has become very long, in order to reach the surface. I give a figure of the caudal horn. (4.) Ceroplastina, n. subg.; type C. Lahillei. Wax abundant,.- pushing the plates on to the .dorsal surface ; caudal horn mammiform, directed upwards. Wax of different individuals often confluent. I give dorsal and lateral views of the waxy scale, and a lateral view of the denuded female. This subgenus may be considered to include other species with a similar female, such as the South-American C. Berg? CkIl., and the African C. Africanus Green, and C. egbarum Ckil. (5.) Ceroplastidia, n. subg.; type C. Brunert Ckil. (see figure of denuded femaie). In this group the wax of the several individuals is thick and always confluent, and the female has become high and narrow. Strictly of this subgenus is C. cande/a Ckll. and King, from Natal. The occurrence of closely related species of Cerop/astes in Africa and South America is noteworthy. These insects are arboreal, and it seems just possible that they have been carried across the ocean on floating trees, the wax serving to protect them from injury. It is perhaps more probable, however, that they are of great antiquity, and have reached the southern lands from the north. THE ENTOMOLOGICAI, COLLECTIONS OF THE LATE DR. JAMES FLETCHER. The friends of the late Dr. Fletcher and’ many other Canadian ento- mologists will be interested to know that the whole of his private collection of insects is now deposited in the Division of Entomology, at ‘the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. After his death Mrs. Fletcher asked the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture to accept the collection for the use of the Department, which the Hon. Mr. Fisher was very pleased to do. The collection is of a general character, but is particu- larly rich in diurnal Lepidoptera, to the study of which Dr. Fletcher paid particular attention. It is being gradually worked into the collections of the Division; and in addition to the mounted specimens, there is a very large amount of material in the shape of many hundreds of unmounted . specimens. The addition of this collection to the collections of the Division of Entomology will. render them all the more valuable and serviceable in the work of identifying Canadian insects for the many correspondents in different parts of the Dominion, which is one of the many useful functions the Division performs.—(C. G. H.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a -~lI DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ZUPITHECIA FROM EASTERN AMERICA. BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, NANAIMO, B. C. 1. Eupithecia Winnata, n. sp. Expanse, 25 mm. This species is about the size of and superficially somewhat like LEupithecia Youngata, but the fore wings are longer and more pointed at the apices, the hind margins straighter and the tornos less rounded. The colour is a rather bright brown. Palpi short, rather stout. Head gray, with a slight brownish tint, paler between and behind the antenne. Thorax and abdomen above the colour of the wings ; dorsal line on abdomen indistinctly marked by pale dots on segments; rst segment pale ; no black band on 2nd segment. Fore wing rather bright brown, the central and submarginal areas a little darker. Basal lines very indistinct. Central area bounded rot by lines, but by a lightening of the ground colour of the wing. There are, however, two series of black dashes on the veins, one set representing an intradiscal line and running outwards, and the’ other set representing the extradiscal line and running inwards. These dashes extend almost across the central area in some cases. Beyond the median band is a paler stripe divided into two by an indistinct brownish line. The submarginal area is broad, bisected by a wavy white line; this line runs in three sharp scallops from costa to vein 6, then in slight waves parallel to hind margin to vein 3, and thence in a conspicuous acute scallop to the tornos. Mar- ginal line black, interrupted. Fringe paler than submarginal area, with darker spots at the ends of the veins. Discal spot small, lengthened, distinct. Hind wing paler, very light at costa, dark smoky on inner margin. Traces of lines, the most conspicuous being the extradiscal, showing as dots on the veins. A fairly distinct zigzag white submarginal line ; mar- ginal line and;fringe as on fore wing ; outer margin flattened and indented .at vein 5 ; discal spots very indistinct. Beneath, much paler ; discal spots on all wings large and conspicu- ous ; two extradiscal lines, broken into venular spots on all wings ; submarginal line on fore wing, faint, slight traces of other lines on hind wing ; marginal lines and fringes as above, March, i910 78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Described from three specimens received from Mr. A. F. Winn, and labelled Montreal, 29 V to 3 VI, ’o5. The last named specimen remains in my collection, thanks to Mr. Winn, and bears the type label. Eupithecia grata, 0. sp. This is a very distinct species, and not likely when once seen to be mistaken for any other in our fauna. Expanse, 25 mm. : Palpi long, rather stout. The whole upper surface pale fuscous, with cross lines of yellowish-brown. The fore wings are short and wide, with outer margins well rounded. Basal line evenly curved. Intradiscal much nearer to the basal line than usual, running outward at sharp angle from costa to cell, then back in an even curve to inner margin. Median line broad, distinct, parallel to intradiscal, just missing the faint discal dot by making a sharp angle at cell and running thence to inner margin in a wavy line. Extradiscal line narrow and very finely scalloped through the whole of its length, in general direction parallel to the median, but making a regular curve instead of a right angle at the cell. Submarginal line parallel to the extra- discal and of a like character. A very faint marginal dark line. Fringe long, faintly spotted. Hind wings dusky. Discal dot round, rather large, but faint. The median and extradiscal lines of fore wing are continued right across the hind wing ; no other lines are evident. Outer margin well rounded. Fringe as in fore wing. Beneath, browner than above, discal spots and extradiscal lines on all wings rather distinctly reproduced. There is also a fainter median line, including the discal dots on each wing, and an indistinct submarginal shade. The type specimen is in faultless condition, and was taken by Mr. C. H. Young at Ottawa on June 5, 1906, and though unique, has been most generously placed in my cabinet. Eupithecia Gibsonata, n. sp. This is a species about the size and shape of Youngata, Winnata and Quebecata, but it seems distinct from all three. Expanse, 25 mm. Palpi moderately long, rather heavy. Whole upper surface, soft pale brown with black cross lines. ( Youngata is fuscous with pale cross lines.) _— . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 (In Winnata these margins are very straight and the wings pointed.) Fore wings moderately broad, with hind margins well rounded out. Thorax with a whitish transverse line posteriorly and two minute _black dots, one on each side the middle. Abdomen with black band on _ second segment. fs Fore wing: Basal line evenly curved. Intradiscal very sharply 4 angled at cell.. Extradiscal curving inwardly from costa, then outwardly fi at cell, and thence in a series of scallops to inner margin ; some black _~dashes running from this line inwardly on the veins. Crossing the median space are three fine lines, heaviest on the costa. The two outermost are subparallel to the extradiscal, but the innermost is not parallel to either intra- or extradiscal. This line includes a small black discal spot. There is a narrow pale band beyond the extradiscal line, bounded outwardly by an indistinct fine line, exactly parallel to the extradiscal; this space is divided by a similar fine line hardly visible, except on the veins. The submarginal space is a little darker than the rest of the wing, _ and is divided bya distinct scalloped pale line. Marginal line fine, broken, but very black and distinct. Fringe moderate, faintly spotted. aS TE PROMO hr ie ee - Hind wing with the markings of the fore wing faintly continued, the intradiscal of fore wing becoming the basal line on hind wings. The pale extradiscal divided band of fore wing can be traced right across hind wing. Discal dot minute. Beneath, fore wing lightiy scaled, smoky ; two median lines and the ' extfadiscal marked on costa, and fainily visible across wing. Extradiscal pale band also traceable across all wings. Hind wing a little paler ; five cross lines quite distinct, two intra- and three extradiscal. Discal dots distinct. a The markings of the hind wings, both above and below, are very different from Quebecata. Type, a female from Mr. C. H. Young. It is dated Ottawa, 9, VI, 3, and is in perfect condition. I name this after Mr. Arthur Gibson, who has helped me very much _ with species of Ottawa Geometride. Eupithecia fasciata, n. sp. | There can be no question but that this species is very closely allied _ to the &. b:fasciata of Dyar, described from Kaslo. In fact, Dr. Dyar, 580 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, who was good enough to compare a specimen of fasczata with the type of bifusciata, was of opinion that they belonged to the same species. But the type of dzfascéafa is not in the best condition, and my own specimens of difasciata, taken in the type locality, seem sufficiently different from the eastern form to warrant the imposition of a new name. It is hardly to be expected that a species of Zupithecta found in B. C. should also be found in Ontario and Massachusetts, and yet be wanting in all intermediate localities, and until specimens are found in such localities, or until by the study of more ample material the differences I rely on are shown to be inconstant, I think the better plan is to give the eastern form a name distinct from the western. E. bifasciata Dyar, was described (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 891) as Lephrocystis (typographical error for Zephroclystia) bifasciata. The types were two in number. One taken on June 25 is in the U. S. National Museum, No. 7820, the other taken on June 13 Is in Mr. Cockle’s collection. I have a specimen exactly similar to this last named, and taken at the same place on May 17. At a later date Dr. Dyar described 7: harleguinaria (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., VII, p. 29,° 1905) from two specimens from Victoria (E. M. Anderson) and one specimen from Seattle (O. D. Johnson). One of the Victoria specimens passed through my hands, and I have no hesitation in saying that it was merely a very brightly coloured, fresh specimen of bifasciata. . From these forms fasczata may be distinguished by its smaller size and duller coloration, and by the fact that in it the brown patch between veins 3 and 4 of fore wings does not interrupt the double extradiscal line, while in 4zfasciata these lines are obliterated. These differences are, it is true, very slight, but I am of opinion that a longer series of good speci- mens will show that the two forms are at least distinct geographical races. E. fasciata may be described in detail as follows : Expanse, 18 mm. Palpi moderate. Thorax fuscous, a distinct white spot posteriorly. In d:fasciata there is also a white median transverse bar on the thorax. There is no such bar visible in my specimens of fascéafa, but this may possibly be due to their being in poor condition. Abdomen without blackish band on second segment ; dorsal tufts black. ———s THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $l Fore wing long, pointed, outer margin not very full, very slightly angled at vein 4, ground colour light brown, with the lines and shadings blackish. Basal area and up to the median line (which runs through ‘prominent black discal spot) blackish, all the lines being indeterminate. Median area, from median line to the extradiscal, clear brown, giving the appearance of a band across the wing. Extradiscal double, straight from costa to vein 8, then at a sharp angle outwards to vein 6, then in a regular curve to vein 1, and thence in a straight line to inner margin. These lines are followed by a narrow pale space. Submarginal area blackish, divided ‘by a very fine wavy submarginal white line, and interrupted between veins 3 and 4 by a brown cloud extending to the margin. Marginal line black. Fringe short, brown, spotted with blackish. Hind wings pale, except at extreme base. Three or four black extradiscal lines begin on inner margin, but rapidly fade away as they cross the wing. A submarginal darker shade. Discal dots small, round, faint. Fringe as on fore wings. Beneath, abdomen and legs nearly white. Wings very lightly scaled. Discal spots distinct. On fore wings two extradiscal lines are faintly reflected. On hind wings one basal and three fairly distinct extradisca lines can be traced from margin to margin. Described from three specimens. One taken at Ottawa, 28th June, 1906 (Arthur Gibson). This is the one from which the description is mainly drawn. A second specimen was received from Mr. W. D. Kearfott, and was doubtless taken in New Jersey. The third was taken 25th June, 1906, at Winchendon, Mass., and is in the collection of Mr. L. W. Swett. Eupithecia Quebecata, n. sp. Expanse, 21 mm. Thorax, abdomen and fore wings above, bright brown. Basal line black, running at a sharp angle to submedian vein, and then back at a right angle to the inner margin. Intradiscal line exactly parallel to the basal, running from the costa until it almost reaches the discal spot, and then at a right angle to inner margin. Two median fine wavy lines, one running through angle of intradiscal and the other through the black discal ‘spot. Extradiscal line very pronounced, dislocated at subcostal vein, sending out conspicuous black dashes inwardly along the veins. Beyond the extradiscal is a pale space bounded by a dark line parallel to the 82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. extradiscal, and divided by a black hair line. Submarginal space darker than the rest of the wing, and traversed by white zigzag submarginal line. Fringe lighter, with median dark line. Hind wing same shade of brown as fore wing, with many lines, at least two intradiscal and four extradiscal, and a white submarginal evident from margin to margin. Fringe same colour as wing, with darker spots opposite ends of veins. Beneath lighter ; the discals larger than on upper side, and nearly all the markings of upper side reproduced, the extradiscal and submarginal dark lines on all wings being heavy and diffuse. The direction of the intradiscal line on the fore wings above, in its relation to the two median lines, distinguishes this species from all the other species of eastern Eupithecia known to me. It is, however, a very near relative to the European £. sobrinata Hubner, of which at first I-thought it might be a variety. Described from four specimens received from Mr. A. F. Winn, of Montreal, and taken at Biddeford, Maine, 23, VII, ’99, and Kamouraski, Quebec, 23 and 26, VIII, ’98. My type labels are on two specimens retained in my own collection, and labelled Biddeford, 23, VII, ’99, and Kamouraski, 26, VIII, ’98. Lupithecia fumata, n. sp. Expanse, 24 mm. This is one of our large species very near to &. fumosa Hulst. It differs from that species in the shortness of the palpi, in the greater fulness of the hind margins of all the wings, in being more heavily scaled beneath, and in having the extradiscal line on the hind wing below finer, and more distant from the discal spot. These (except the palpi) are slight characters, and may not amount to more than varietal differences, but my type specimen is in such perfect condition that I am tempted to name it. There is no eastern species near to it except what I have identified as fumosa. The western Zupithecta perfusca Hulst, and its allies, Z. terminata and E. Slocanata, are also near relatives of fumata. Type, one 9 taken at Ottawa, 9, VI, ’06, by Mr. C. H. Young, and in my collection. Eupithecia indistincta, 0. sp. Expanse, 28 mm. This is the largest of our eastern species. The wings are longer but narrower than in &. Packardata, Taylor (geminata, Packard), which species indistincta much resembles. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 The palpi are very short. The whcle upper surface is a dull clay | colour, paler than Packardata. Abdomen with very conspicuous black _ band on second segment, and small black dorsal tufts on other segments. _ The markings on the fore wings as in Packardata, but the discals are large and round instead of linear, and the dark spot on the costa, whence the extradiscal line proceeds, is further from the discal spot than it is in _ that species. Hind wings as in Packardata, save that the discal spots are larger. Benéath as in Packardata, but with the same differences as noted above. The short palpi will distinguish this species from /wmosa Hulst. Types: 1. Catskill Mountains, to, VIII, ’99, Mr. R. F. Pearsall. 2. Sherborn, Mass., 14, VI, 1900, Mr. L. W. Swett. The first named is in my collection, the second in that of Mr. Swett. I have other specimens taken at Toronto, Ontario (Saunders), and Newark, N. J. (Weidt). mnNOle ON MR. JACKSON’S SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS PEMPHIGUS. BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. I have recently received a separate of this article, bearing no date, but apparently published during 1908. As far as the part dealing specially with the Aphide is concerned, the contribution seems to be admirable, but the writer displays a lack of knowledge of Hemipterous literature and of the Hemiptera, as soon as he embarks upon speculation on the “‘ derivation of the genus.” Basing my researches on those of Hansen, I have recently divided* the Auchenorrhyncha into two superfamilies, Cicadoidea and Fulgoroidea, fully discussing them. If, as Mr. Jackson asserts, the “ Fulgoride do not secrete a waxy or flocculent material from abdominal glands, where is this "material secreted from in that group? The interposition, moreover, of the Fulgoroidea between the Cercopide and the Membracide is an old Fieberian misconception, faithfully followed by all subsequent authors except Hansen and myself; it is not zw the /east warranted by the struc- tures or habits of the groups in question. *Bulls. I and III of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Div, Ent., 1906 and 1907. March, 1910 84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Mr. Jackson’s diagram on p. 177 cannot be adopted. The Sternor- rhyncha must have branched off from the main Homopterous stem before the latter was differentiated into superfamilies, while the association of the 5-10. (6 families). peek oe 4. Membracidae. 3Jassidae. ‘voploundiny us Cercopidae. 1. Cicadidae. -euajdouroy. ojo4y ‘waplope aig ‘vaploydyy 12. Aphidae. Il. Ghermidae. (= Psyllidae. 13. Aleyrodidae. 14. Coccidae. Fic. 9. Cercopide and “ Fulgoride ” as “ twin twigs ” of a branch almost equal to — the Membracidz or “ Jassidz,” is positively ridiculous. The following represents more accurately the course of Homopterous evolution: The Fulgoroidea are much more distinct from the rest of the Auchenorrhyncha than these are among themselves; the Cercopide, Membracide and “ Jasside ” are all very closely allied, the Membracide being simply highly specialized “ Jasside.” I have not sufficiently studied the Sternorrhyncha as yet, but I think they form only one superfamily, which may be termed “ Aphoidea,” _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF MESOLEUCA ALLIED TO MESOLEUCA HERSILIATA, GUENEE. BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, NANAIMO, B. C. The conspicuous insect described by Guenée as Crdaria hersiliata (Spec. Gen., X, 464) is well known to all American collectors of Geome- tridze, although it does not appear to be anywhere very plentiful. Guenée’s type was from “ Canada.” Walker redescribed this moth under the name ZLarentia flammifera (Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., XXIV, 1184). He possessed three specimens, all females, two being from Trenton Falls, New York, and one from Orillia. Walker noted two forms, and Mr. Pearsall (Can. Enr., XLI, 119) tells us that one form was certainly hersi/iata of Guenée, but the other, “ variety 8,” was a distinct species, to which he (Mr. Pearsall) gives the name 17. Walkerata. Ihave not myself yet met with Wadkerata, but have little doubt that it is a good species. At the same time, I am by no means sure that it is Walker’s var. 8, as the description of that form is altogether too vague, and, moreover, both Packard and Hulst, after an examination of Walker’s types, pronounced fammifera and herstliata to be synonyms. Packard, in 1876 (Monograph III, pl. 8, figs. 41, 42), had a larger amount of materiai, including at least one western specimen. He wrote a description, to include all the forms before him, and made no attempt to separate two species. Dr. Hulst, in 1896, with still more abundant material, described one form from Nevada as Mesoleuca ethela, and another trom Colorado as Philereme formosa, a very extraordinary generic reference. ' All the forms above mentioned I have, I think, made out, except Pearsall’s Wadkerata, but as my eastern material is not very ample, and as Mr. Pearsall says that Wa/kerata is very rare, the exception is not surprising. Of hersiliata (typical) I have specimens from various eastern localities, and also from Manitoba and Calgary. A very beautiful variety from Meech’s Lake, near Ottawa (C. H. Young, 24, 6, ’04), deserves a name, and I have called it variety mirandata. It differs from the type in having the central band quite clear of lines, and of a wine-red colour, instead of being the usual black or gray. M. formosa is represented in my collection by one specimen only. It very closely resembles the photograph of Hulst’s type, kindly given to March, 3919 86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. me by Mr. Grossbeck. My specimen was bred by Mr. T. N. Willing from a green caterpillar with faint whitish lines, found on currant at Regina. The caterpillar pupated rz2th June, 1905, and the moth emerged on the 28th of the same month. bal M. ethela, Dr. Hulst’s second new species, is a very well marked form, and is perfectly constant. It is distinguished from all the others of the herst/iata group by having the space between the basal and intradiscal lines on the fore wings cream-coloured. The contrast between this band and the dark central fascia is very striking, and the moth is a most beau- tiful one. JV. ethe/a was described from Nevada, but all my specimens are from British Columbia. Beside these forms, I have five others, all from British Columbia. Four of these I consider to be good species, and I will describe them as such. ‘To the fifth I have given a varietal name. They all of them so evidently belong to the erszdiata stock that I shali describe them by comparing them with the typical form, which is sufficiently well known.’ Mesoleuca occidentata, n. sp.—Expanse, 29-30 mm. This is more like the typical /evsz//ata than any of the species following. The style of coloration is the same, but the slight differences to which I shali call attention seem to be constant. The outermost of the two basai lines on the fore wings leaves the costa at a sharp angle, so that if it were continued in the same direction as that in which it runs to the subcostal vein, it would cut the hind margin of the wing. The basal area also is much larger, and the two parallel basal lines are more distinct than in herszliata. The central fascia is not narrowed quite so much below vein 1 as it usually is in herstdiata. The rust colour which pervades the submarginal band in ferszdiata is much reduced in ocetdentata, and the central fascia is of a darker colour in the last-named species. The hind wing in occidentata is comparatively clear, but the discal spot is distinct, and the very heavy extradiscal line of the under side is reflected. On the under side all the markings on both fore and hind wings are heavier than in /ersz/iata, especially the extradiscal lines, and the space within these lines is darker than that without. This species is described from seven specimens in my collection, taken at Wellington and Departure Bay, on Vancouver Island, and at Salem, Oregon, The dates are 15th June to 25th July. ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 I have marked as types a ¢, Wellington, 15, VI, ’o5, and a 2, 8, VII, ’o4. M. mutata, n, var.—In three specimens of JZ. occidentata, two being from Victoria and one from Wellington, the median band is much narrower, and is lighter centrally than in the seven specimens noted above. The intradiscal lines are connected across the band by dark lines on the veins, forming a series of ringlets below vein 4. The coloured extra- basal bar is narrow and reddish-brown in colour, rather than orange. Mesoleuca decorata, n. sp.—Expanse, 30-31 mm. This species, though preserving the same style of markings, is more unlike hersz/iata than the two forms just described. The characteristic orange bar is in decorata reduced to a grayish cloud. The parallel extrabasal lines are more wavy. The central band is wider, and shows two cross lines, one on each side of the discal dot and parallel to the intra- .and extradiscal lines respectively. The space enclosed by the two median lines is usually quite clear, though sometimes clouded. ‘The discal dot is small and round, not a dash as in occidentata. The submarginal white line is fairly distinct, and the scallops are marked within by coffee-coloured spots, the most evident of which are opposite the discals. On the hind wings there is a faint discal dot, and an angulated extradiscal dot as in occidentata. ‘There is also a very indistinct submar- ginal scalloped line, with a coffee-coloured shade within it. Below all wings are slightly tinged with yellowish, and the markings of the upper side are faintly reflected. The discal points are black and distinct. The extradiscal line is distinct on the hind wings, but not nearly so heavy as in occidentata. This seems to be a commoner insect on Vancouver Island than is occidentata. It is described from ten specimens from Victoria, Wellington and Departure Bay, all taken between 3rd and 25th July. I have placed my type labels ona ¢, Departure Bay, 20, VII, ’o8, _and two 2? 9’s, Departure Bay, 25, VII, ’oS. Mesoleuca boreata, n. sp.—I have two specimens taken near the Stickeen River, in Northern British Columbia by Mr. Theo, Bryant, 24th July, ’05, and 25th July, ’os. 88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. They are in poor condition, most of the markings being obscured, but the extrabasal bar is quite distinct and perfectly dZack instead of red or yellow. The extradiscal lines on the fore wings above are also distinct, very fine and black. In other respects these specimens resemble the variety mutata. The black extrabasal bar readily distinguishes this form from any other I have seen. Mesoleuca Casloata, 0. sp.—Expanse, 30 mm. Wings longer and narrower than usual in the case of #ersz/zata, and the colouring is duller than in that species. . The extrabasal bar is dull brown, and fills the space between the extrabasal and intradiscal lines. The intra- and extradiscal lines are scalloped, but the scallops are more angular than in hers:/iata. The submarginal white scalloped line is very distinct, and is parallel to the margin of the wing throughout almost the whole of its length, not being dislocated below the costa as in hersi/iata and occidentata. A dull brown band precedes this line, and is continuous right across the wing. The margin of the wing beyond the submarginal line is blackish-gray like the central band. Between the extradiscal line and the submarginal brown band there is a light blotch on the costa, followed by an almost black costal spot and a subapical streak. This seems to be the form representing ersz/iata in the Kootenay district. My three specimens are all from Kaslo (Mr. J. W. Cockle). My lightest specimen shows an approach to MV, ethe/a, and I suspect it was a specimen of this form that led Dr. Dyar to suggest that possibly ethela and hersiliata might be found to intergrade. NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C. PaPER IX.—XYELIDZ AND LYDID&. North American es of Pleroneura. Head and thorax black. re eer Head and thorax aE ME, eae ad = 5:6 ge ta ee ie ark Spa fovea outside of “ach tateral deci: 1 tr. cu. and rst. recur. . not interstitial; pronotum black; ¢........(fulvicornis Roh.) No fovea outside of the lateral ocelli ; the rst recur. n. and tst tr. cu. interstitial ; pronotum lined with white; 9 .....(druneicornis Roh.) March, 1910 : 7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 2. Postocellar line strongly present ; anterior lobe mesonotum punctured _ as side lobes ; length, 4.5 mm:; not marked with black. ./wtea Roh. Postocellar line absent; anterior lobe of mesonotum more closely sculptured than side iobes ; length, 6 mm.; thorax above and abdo- F men above marked with black.... ............... Koebelei Roh. Pleroneura fulvicornis, n. sp— g. Length, 5 mm. Anterior margin Bs of clypeus with a broad obtuse triangular tooth ; malar space very narrow ; narrow, deep furrows from the antennz to above anterior ocellus, where ' they meet; middle: fovea elliptic, with a shallow depression to anterior ocellus ; a fovea at the side of each lateral ocellus ; apical antennal joint _ shorter than preceding ; head and thorax opaque, with close, fine punc- _ tures; maxilliry palpi very large, 7-jointed, the second joint about the ~ same length as the anterior femora, the first joint about one-third as long as the second, the last five juints smaller and not so rigid; labial palpi 4-jointed ; tarsal claws as in Xye/a, with a small tooth at base ; hypopy- gidium rectangular, the apex almost truncate ; intercostal nervure about the length of the same nervure in eurotoma fasciata, but the free part of sc, is present; first recurrent n. in second cubital quite free from first tr. cu.; hind wings as in Meurotoma fasciata. Colour black ; antenne, clypeus, labrum, tegule, legs, venter and palpi rufo-fulvous; wings yellowish hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale brown. ar bass OY 1 ee) ee 4 Type locality: Placer Co., Calif. One ¢, June. Type, Cat. No. 12749, U.S. N. M. Pleroneura bruneicornis, n. sp.— . Total length, 5.75 mm.; length of ovipositor, 1.5 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate, with a small triangular tooth in the middle; antennal furrows meeting above the anterior ocellus, as in fu/vicornis, but above the middle of the head they are indistinct ; no fovea at side of lateral ocelli; paipi as in fulvicornts ; head opaque, closely granular or finely pnnctured ; thorax above sub- shining, with distinctly separate, small punctures ; sheath about as long as the abdomen, gradually tapering to apex, but more strongly so below ; legs asin fulvicornis; wings as in fulvicornis, except the first recurrent is interstitial with first tr, cu. Black ; mandibles, line om pronotum and tegule pailid; clypeus, labrum, palpi, legs, venter and three apical segments rufo-fulvous ; hind tibie infuscated ; wings hyaline iridescent ; venation pale brown. mee Lype locality: Gloversville, N. Y. One 9, April 30, 1907. C. P. Alexander. 90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Type, No. 12750, U. S. N. M. Differs from fu/zvicornis in absence of fovea, by lateral oceili ; vena- tion, tooth on clypeus and other characters. Pleroneura Koebelei, n. sp.— g. Length, 6 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded in the middle, with a small obtuse tooth ; antennal furrows deep, meeting above the ocellus on a line between the lateral ocelli; postocellar furrow not present ; lateral furrows of the postocellar area shallow; middle fovea shallow, elongate ; palpi as in fulvicornis ; head opaque, with fine punctures ; middie lobe of the mesonotum- more closely sculptured than the lateral lobes, which have separate punctures ; claws with a small tooth at base and a long seta at apex ; venation nearly as in fu/vicornis ; hypopygidium about as wide as long, at the apex nearly truncate. Colour reddish-brown ; middle lobe of mesonotum, scutellum, metathorax above, dorsulum, except three apical segment, black. Wings yellowish-hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale reddish-brown. Type locality: Oregon. Koebele. Type, No. 12752, U.S. NM. Pleroneura lutea, n. sp.— g. Length, 4.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate, the sides rounded and an obtuse tooth in the middle ; antennal furrows narrow and deep, meeting on the postocellar furrow, which furrow is distinct; postocellar area indistinct and parted in the middle by a faint furrow ; head and thorax opaque, with fine punctures, which are uniform ; claws and venation as in Koede/ei; hypopygidium slightly narrowing toward the apex, which is nearly truncate. Head, antennz and thorax reddish-luteous ; clypeus, labrum, legs and abdomen luteous ; wings glassy-hyaline, iridescent ; venation luteous. Type locality: Oregon. Koebele. Type, No. 12751, U.S. N. M. Nearest to P. Koebelet. Cephaleta fulviceps, n. sp.— 9. Length, 11.5 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly notched in the middle, the clypeus sculptured like the front ; no fovea on the head, and the lateral boundaries of postocellar area faint; front closely punctured; vertex and posterior orbits sparsely punctured ; antenne 26-jointed, third joint subequal with 4 and 5 ; meso- notum and scutellum shining, with close, fair-sized punctures on all the sutures ; scutellar appendage finely granular; legs normal for genus ; abdomen with a velvety appearance, due to the close reticulation ; vena- tion like Cephadeis abietis (fig. 42, pl. XXVI, No. 1438, P. U.S. Nat. i (> eee is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 4 _ Mus.), except that the tr. rad. is interstitial with 2nd tr. cu. Colour black ; _ head fulvous, except a black spot enclosing the ocelli and extending down 5 to the antennz ; wings dark brown, iridescent ; venation brown. f Type locality: Atlantic Co., N. J. 3 Type, No. 12753, U. S. N. M. Allied to C. frontalis (Westw.), but is smaller, the pronotum is black, the puncturing of mesonotum different. . Cenolyda Nortoni, n.sp.— 9. Length, 9.75 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly produced in the middle, the middle portion of clypeus gently convex ; head, except outer part of antennal fovea, with shallow, separate punctures ; orbital carine as in /¢ycorsza ; middle fovea wanting ; _ Jateral postocellar furrows converging to occiput, no middle longitudinal furrow ; antenne about 28 jointed, third subequal to 4+5; labrum sub- quadrate, the apical middle with a long tooth ; middle tobe of mesonotum and scutel shining, impunctate ; lateral lobes of mesonotum and pleure with widely separate punctures; legs normal; venation differs from Cenolyda (fig. 38, pl. XXV, P. U.S. N. M., 1906, XXIX), in a little longer 3rd cub., and the tr. rad. is interstitial with the 2nd tr. cu.; abdo- men finely granular ; last ventral abdominal segment broader than long, the apex at the sides rounded. Colour dark reddish-brown ; lower part of pleurz, pectus and a few ill-defined spots on thorax above piceous ; postocellar spots, cheeks and antenne yellowish ; wings hyaline, glassy, veins dull brown. Type locality: Maine. » Type, No. 12776, U.S. N. M. I am not sure what this species is related to. In colour it is like Pamphilius apicalis, Westw., but that species is Zyda sens strict. Ttycorsia Kincaidi, n. sp.—Itycorsia margiventris (Cress.) Kincaid, P. Wash. Acad. Sc., II, p. 344, 1900. Q?. Length,1o0 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus straight ; entire head, including clypeus, densely punctured, more closely and finely so on the front ; a very small elongate middle fovea ; only the lateral postocellar furrows present ; mesonotum and scutellum shining, the middle area with punctures ; mesopleur punctured similar to the head ; antenne about 30-jointed, third joint equal to 4+5 ; abdomen opaque, with close tessella- tion ; apical ventral segment of the abdomen broader than long, the apex semicircular; labrum at apex truncate; venation nearly like Lyda erythrocephalia (fig. 37, pl. XXV, P. U.S. N. M., XXIX, No, 1438), but 92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. differs in the ba. joining the cu., as in Cephadleia. Colour black ; anterior margin and middle of clypeus, spot on lower inner orbits, spot at summit of eyes, forked spot above the antennze, posterior orbits and occiput, usual postocellar spots, entire margin of prothorax, anterior lobe of mesonotum posteriorly, spot on scutellum, spot on side of lateral mesonotal lobes, broad oblique iine on the pleura, narrow lateral margin of abdomen, pallid: legs black; tibia and tarsi rufo-ferruginous. Wings dusky hyaline, iridescent ; venation fuscous: Head and thorax with long, black hair. Mandibles piceous. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska, June 16, 1899. (T. Kincaid.) Type; No.'12761, Ur Ss. e ae Tnis is the species recorded as J/tycorsia margiventris, by Kincaid (P. Wash. Ac. Sci., II, p. 344, 1900), but margiventris is Lyda sens strictiore according to Dr. MacGillivray, who has seen the type. JZ. Kincaid: also differs from LZ. margiventris in the colour of the legs and the pale spot on the pleure. Ltycorsia nivea, vn. sp.— 2. Length, 1o mm. Anterior margin of clypeus semicircular, the surface of clypeus shining, with large separate punctures ; head, except a shining, impunctate spot on lower inner orbits, closely punctured, those on the vertex larger and more separate ; middle fovea elongate, but not strong ; only the lateral postocellar furrows present ; antennz long, slender, about 30-jointed, the third subequal to the fourth and fifth ; mesonotum with large separate punctures (in an area above the tegula they are wanting); mesopleure striato-punctate ; abdomen as Kincaidi; wings in poor condition, the basal joins the cu., as in Aéncaide. Labrum shining, rounded at the apex. Colour as Aincaidi, except as follows: The antenne are reddish-yellow, the lateral markings of the meso- notum are connected to the anterior one, the coxe beneath are white, and the legs below femora are paler. Wings hyaline, venation pale brown. Mandibles, except piceous apex, yellow. . Type locality: Kokanee Mts., British Columbia ; alt. 9,000 ft.; Aug. 10, 1903. (A. N. Caudell.) ‘Collected upon snow.” Type, No. 12762, U. S. N. M. Closely allied to 7. Aincaidi Roh., but the labrum is rounded at the apex, there is a shining area on lower inner orbits, and the antennze are pale. Ltycorsia luteopicta, n. sp.— @. Length, 12 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate, the sides subparallel, the angles obtusely rounded, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 surface shining, sparsely punctured ; antenn about 35-jointed, 3 subequal to 4+5,; head shining, polished, with shallow, widely-separate punctures ; a large impunctate spot on the lower inner orbits ; middle fovea deep, spear-shape, with the long point above; lateral postocellar furrows dis- tinct, converging to the occiput, postocellar area parted by a longitudinal furrow ; anterior lobe of mesonotum and scutel impunctate ; prothorax, lateral lobes of mesonotum and pleure punctured like vertex ; laterally the pronotum has a large hump ; legs normal ; venation as in /. K7ncaidt Roh,; abdomen finely reticulate ; last ventral segment of the abdomen almost as long as wide, the apex gently rounded. - Colour reddish-brown ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, smooth inner orbital area, posterior orbits, four longitudinal lines on vertex, anterior lobe of mesonotum, scutel, part of lateral lobes, pleuraee and abdomen straw-yellow ; antenne and legs’ darker than body, partly brown. Wings hyaline, venation brown. Type locality: Minn. Collection of W. H. Ashmead. Type, No: 12763, U.S. N..M. This species is allied to 7, brunnicans (Nort.), but the scape is shorter, the last ventral segment is nearly as long as wide (not half as long as wide as in drununicans Nort.), the labrum has a long spear-shaped tooth (not broad with the anterior margin triangular, as in drunnicans ), and the colour is lighter. It is not marked with black, as is /. ochrocera (Nort.). THE LARCH SAW-FLY (LYG4ONEMATUS ERICHSONII, HARTZ.) IN MINNESOTA. BY A. G. RUGGLES, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN, The Larch Saw-fly has become a very serious pest on the tamaracks in northern Minnesota. Reports of damage from several parts of the State came to the Minnesota Entomologist’s office during the fall of 1909. The writer, in July; examined the damage that had been done to the tamaracks in the State preserve of Itasca Park. This park, a primeval forest of fifty square miles, contains within its borders Lake Itasca, the source of the Mississippi. Attention was first attracted to the great amount of timber, dying or dead, in the swamp regions around the shores of the lake. At first it was thought that the trees were being killed by an excess of water, but upon closer examination it was proved beyond a doubt that Z. Lrichsonii was the cause. The moss under any of these trees, on being turned over, revealed many thousands of cocoons. Under absolutely dead trees only empty cocoons were found, but under trees March, 1910 Ot THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, showing some sign of life, both empty cocoons and those containing living saw-fly larvae were taken. The extent of the area infested by this insect was shown by the failure to find a single tamarack tree in this park, on high or low ground, under which, covered by the moss, were not some of the caterpillars in their cocoons. To be sure, the park is not very large ; nevertheless, it shows something of the distribution of the insect. Other considerable areas east and north of the park show a like distri- bution. : At the time of arrival in the park, July 2oth, the saw-fly larvee were ail mature. A few days afterward they had disappeared. On going through the woods and over the swamps one could find thousands of dead larve, drowned in little pools of water under the trees. Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitch.) caught in a small brook which runs through one corner of the park, always looked very plump, and upon examination their stomachs proved to be gorged with saw-fly larve. Many cocoons were collected, and by next year it should be known whether many or any species of parasites destructive to this pest are at work. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. The twenty-second annual meeting of the American Association of Economic Entomologists was held at the Harvard Medical School (Brook- line), Boston, Mass., December 28 and 29, 1909. The first session was called to order by President W. E. Britton, of New Haven, Conn., who presided throughout the meeting, and who delivered the annual address on, “The Official Entomologist and the Farmer.” The programme was crowded with papers which were of great economic importance to the Entomologist and the Agriculturist, although a few were more technical in character, and dealt with some of the fundamental principles of scientific investigation of entomological matters. A discussion of different methods used in research work was of particular interest, as was also the reports of the progress that is being made in the field and parasite work in New England, for the purpose of controlling the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths. A report by Dr. W. P. Headden, of Colorado, concerning the injury to fruit trees caused by arsenical spraying, and the discussions that fol- lowed, brought out many new ideas on this important subject. An exhibit made by the local entomologists and members which was held in ed x THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 95 an adjoining room, contained samples of apparatus and breeding devices, as well as insect collections, which added much interest to the meeting. On Tuesday evening the Association and the Entomological Society of America were the guests of the Cambridge Entomological Club, and on Thursday morning the members had the opportunity of witnessing a spraying demonstration at Arlington with high-power sprayers, as the guest of Mr. H. L. Frost. The attendance at each session numbered over 100 members and visitors, nearly every section of the United States and Canada being represented. The Association commended the work which is being done to control the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths in New England, endorsed the bill before Congress to provide for the establishment of standards of purity of insecticides and fungicides, and advocated the passage by Congress of a national law to prevent the importation of dangerously injurious insects and fungus diseases from foreign countries. _The report of. the Secretary showed that the Association was increasing in membership, and was in good financial condition. The Journal of Economic Entomology, which is the official organ of the Association, was also reported by the business manager to be in a thriving condition. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, | Prof. E. D. Sanderson, Durham, N. H.; First Vice-President, Dr. H. T. Fernald, Amherst, Mass.; Second Vice-President, Prof. P. J. Parrott, Geneva, N. Y.; Secretary, A. F. Burgess, Washington, D. C. SYNTOMID MOTHS WITH BANANAS. BY J. WM. COCKLE, KASLO, B.C. The article on the occurrence of the various forms of ceramidia, by Prof. Cockerell, published in the February number of the Canapian En- TOMOLOGIST, has suggested to me that many collectors could avail them- selves of the opportunity of collecting these beautiful moths if they Were aware of the prevalence of them amongst bananas. besides the capture of the specimen recorded by me in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for 1904, I have secured at various times quite a number of cocoons of this genus. Pupation takes place in the centre of the bunch of bananas, the cocoon being generally attached to the centre stalk. The pupa is enclosed 98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. in a loose web of brown silk, and numbers of them may be found by care- ful examination of banana stalks.. Climatic changes, cold storage and other causes may account for the very few imagoes that aré seen ; and be- sides this. the Jarva.is attacked by a Hymenopterous parasite. Of these latter I have secured three specimens at different times. To any one who is interested in securing specimens of these moths, I would suggest the plan of closely examining parually-depleted bunches of bananas when hanging in the fruit stores, especially during the winter months, when other sources for collecting are unavailable, and possibly in some cases the store-keeper may be induced to keep a lookout for the cocoons if a description of them is given him. From my own experience in a small town where only a very limited number of bananas are sold, I am satisfied that quite a large percentage of the bunches of fruit are infested by the larva of these moths. When specimens are discovered it should be an easy matter to trace through the wholesale houses the original locality from which the fruit was imported. In this way many valuable records may be secured. — I have suggested to Dr. Dyar that as the Kaslo. specimen. differs from the other known specimens cf this genus, a description of it is desirable. ANOTHER APPEAL FOR EVERES COMYNTAS AND AMYNTULA. ud My appeal last vear was very kindly taken up by several Canadian entomologists, but mostly in the West. I should be very grateful for more specimens from the Eastern States. The result of my examination of the specimens from the West leads me to the conclusion that Winnipeg is about the dividing line. I received a few very interesting specimens from Manitoba, and I should be greatly obliged for more material from there, as also from Assiniboia and Saskat- chewan. The forms showed a transit from comyntas to amyntuda, differ- ing in some respects from each. I should also be glad if observers could tell me how many broods they have noticed, and whether there is a gap between each or whether they overlap. As far as I can gather at present there seems to be some diversity on this point in different districts. I gladly take this opportunity of thanking my various correspondents for their kind help.—G. I. Beruune-BaKer. Mailed March ath, 1910. the Ganadlian Entomologist XLII. LONDON, APRIL, rgro. No. 4. GEORG® WILLIS KIRKALDY. 1873-I910. The fulfilment of sad duties is the lot of man. To me has come that of making known the death, in the flower of his manhood, of George Willis Kirkaldy, my good friend. After a separation of some months from his wife and little one, whom he worshipped, he went to San Francisco, where they were, to spend the ‘Christmas holidays with them. While there he was induced to submit to ‘a fifth operation on an old fracture of the leg, and although it was suc- nes sful, he grew gradually weaker and weaker, and less than a week later, on ie 2nd of February, he breathed his last. That acute intellect, that a eless, untiring worker was at rest. His course was run, and he fell e he grasped the bays that were to crown his achievement. _ George Willis Kirkaldy was born at Clapham, near London, England, ™ 1373, and was therefore in his 37th year. From his youth he evinced ‘a great love for natural history, but after finishing his studies im the City of London School, he went into the city, where he remained until 1903, when he accepted a position in Honolulu, with the Hawaiian Department of Forestry and Agriculture. Then began the happiest and most produc- ive period of his life, and there also he met with the accident that , entually was to deprive the world of the most promising of the younger ger eration of scientific hemipterologists. Shortly after his arrival in Honolulu, while out riding, he forgot the American rule of the road, and immed his horse, after the English fashion, to the left as he came to a turn n the road, and crashed into a carriage coming in the opposite direction. Tis horse fell on him and crushed his leg. This was badly set, and after he bones had knit, it had to be broken again and reset. This operation fas repeated at intervals no less than four times, the last with fatal ssults. There, too, he met the lady who became his wife ; there his little nes were born, and his little son, George, the first and best beloved, died __ Freed from the sordid details of clerical work, in his new position he as in his element. He did not, indeed, care greatly to work on other - _ 98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, groups of insects, and at times the daily routine of the economic entomologist was irksome, but nevertheless, whatever he did was done well, and he found time to dedicate to his researches in the Hemiptera, although nearly all the work he did was done at home in the evenings, after the day’s task was over. Yet, in spite of the limited time at his command, he was able to produce enormous quantities of work of the highest character. At some time in the near future I hope to be able to give at greater length an account of his work. For the present, I shall merely mention his great work on the Jassidz in connection with the Sugar Planters’ Association work on the parasites of the sugar cane, and the general Catalogue of the Hemiptera, now in course of publication, both of which mark epochs in Hemipterology. Like every earnest worker in the Hemiptera, the nomenclatorial chaos into which the order had fallen soon forced itself upon his notice, and much as he disliked to neglect the biological phases of the group, he was impelled to endeavour to place this important branch of the subject on a stable basis. In the pursuit of this laudable object, he was forced by the sheer logic of circum- stances to take radical and iconoclastic measures, but he regretted just as keenly as any of his opponents and critics the necessity of doing away with many a name hallowed, as it were, by long usage. Kirkaldy had all the vivacity and ardour of the Celt, which may at times have led him to accept perhaps too quickly and maintain too enthusiastically views which a more mature judgment showed to be untenable. Joined to this was a relentless Scotch logical temperament, which drove him inexorably and unswervingly to conclusions which at times were opposed to his natural inclination, yet which his passion for truth compelled him to accept and battle for. Above all things he hated sham ; he loathed that spirit of pompous and self-sufficient importance which curses some small men. A constant and tireless worker, a minute, patient, resourceful student, he ever looked singly to the advancement of the knowledge of the Heteroptera, that group so sadly and shamefully neglected in comparison to other orders. In that bright galaxy where shine the illustrious names of Fabricius, Burmeister, Dufour, Amyot, Fieber, Stal, and in our days, most happily still with us, of Reuter, Horvath, Montadon, Bergroth, his is not the dimmest, and had Azrael held his hand, he had shone among the most brilliant. As for me, I have lost a leal friend, an inspiration and a lode-star ; one who encouraged me when I was faint, who helped me when I fell ; to ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 whose constant words of cheer I owe what little success I may have achieved. Our minds moved in harmonious accord ; our gifts were com- plementary to each other, and in so far as one so insignificant might, I helped my friend in my small way, a feeble return for his many kindnesses. Better than any, perhaps, I can gauge the loss to science by his untimely death. His work planned, outlined in many a letter, carried out with his enthusiasm, his thoroughness, his energy, was destined to place him on the same lofty, still eminence where sits Stal alone, beyond the reach of the petty bickerings and disputes of the pseudo-great. ** And so the grim reaper reapeth among the flowers.”—J. R. DE LA TorRE Bueno, New York. A DECENNIAIL CONFESSION. Pog. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. In Entomological News, XI, 531, 1900, I published a list of correc- tions to my work on Diptera up to that time; the decade since then has, I regret to say, furnished me with materials for a similar list at the present time. With due humility I make the following confession : In the February, t909, number of the CaNADIAN Enromotocisr I published a paper on fhagoletis, describing a new species, zxtrudens, which had injured cherries in British Columbia and presumably in idaho. Immediately after the publication of the article, Mr. Coquillett informed me that my new species was the same as Osten Sacken’s fausta, of which he had material from the type locality. Since then I received a pair of fausta from M. C. Van Duzee, collected at Kearney, Ont. ‘There is no doubt that I misunderstood a statement of Osten Sacken’s, where, after mentioning the basal cross-band of the wing, he goes on to say, ‘‘The black colour begins exactly where it does in fig. 10, and encloses a hyaline triangle reaching from the costa to the interval between the third and fourth veins.” Eastern specimens prove that this statement refers to the black colour in general, not to the basal cross-vein. In the same article I should have included in the table Rhagoletis grindelie Coquillett, (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IX, 146,) reared from flower- heads of Grindelia sqguarrosa at Clarendon, Texas; it is readily dis- tinguished from all the species in my table by having the scutellum wholly ‘black. The life-history of Rhagoletis suavis Loew, was already known, having been published by Babb, (Ent. News, XIII, 242) ; the larva lives in the outer hull of growing walnuts at Amherst, Mass. So there are six species with larval habits known, instead of four. April, rgto 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In Transactions of the American Ent. Soc., XXXIV, 67-100, 1908, I published in conjunction with one of my students, P. S. Darlington, a re- vision of the Helomyzide. The Zccoptomera americana Darl., therein described is a synonym of Z. simplex, described four years earlier by Coquillett from Nevada, and overlooked by us. The genus Sé/zgo, Ald., in the same paper Is a synonym of Zagonia, Coq., (Invert. Pacif., 27), and belongs to the Geomyzide, as correctly placed by Coquillett. My species oregona appears to be distinct from his fava; my /itorea, however, is a Geomyza, differing in the dark body colour and bristles, and narrower cheeks. The genus Geomyza has not heretofore been reported from North America, but I have three species from the California region and a single specimen of a fourth species from Lawrence, Kans. Named European specimens of Geomyza in Professor Melander’s collection put me right on this genus. My ignorance of the family Geomyzide was responsible for my mistake; there is really a close relation between Helomyzidz and Geomyzidex, some of the Jatter having setules on the costa. The main difference is in the auxiliary vein, distinct in Helomyzide, not so in Geomyzide. I drew the wing of Sz/zgo from a specimen mounted in balsam, wherein the pressure of the cover-glass had separated the auxiliary and first veins to an abnormal extent. It was a consolation to read since the discovery of my error that Loew once described a Geomyza lurida, which on examination of the type turns out to be a Lerta (Czerny, Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXII, 126)! In Biologia Centrali-americana, Diptera, I, 342, I described a genus of Dolichopodide under the name Phylarchus. Not having the current numbers of the Zoological Record at hand, I did not know that Simon had used the name for a spider in 1888. My fly of course cannot maintain her ground before a spider, hence I propose the genus PROARCHUS to re- place Phylarchus for the fly. In some notes on Sce//us (Ent. News, X VIII, 135), I stated that I had collected Sce//us vigil on trunks of trees. The statement was made from memory, and I now believe that I never collected it except on walls of the University buildings at Moscow, fi/tferus being the one that frequents pine trunks in this region. Thus my observations correspond entirely with Osten Sacken’s. In CanaDIAN EntToMoLocist, XXXVI, 46, I undertook to determine what name should be used in the place of Ps¢/opus of authors, which has 7 | ——— es ee. et oe ds pee Dh ~~ eee eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 been asserted for a generation or two to be preoccupied. I am glad, indeed, to learn (Sherborn’s Index Animalium, quoted by Bezzi, Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXVI, 53), that the use of the term Ps/opus by Poli in Mollusca in 1795 was not in a nomenclatural sense, aud hence does not constitute a pre- ‘occupation of the name, which should therefore stand for the dipterous genus. ™ WISCONSIN BEES—NEW AND LITILE-KNOWN SPECIES. ¥ BY S. GRENICHER, PUBLIC MUSEUM, MILWAUKEE. : Perdita F. Smith. = In the eastern part of Wisconsin this genus is poorly represented. In __ the region around Milwaukee only two species have been met with so far, one of these P. maura Ckll., and the other a new species described below. i Along the St. Croix River, in the north-western corner of the State, three species were obtained (Miiw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped.), two of which are new, while the third, P. Bruneri Ckll., had up to the present time not been _ found farther east than Nebraska. It is more than probable that careful _ collecting aiong the western border of Wisconsin will add some more _ species of Perdita to the bee fauna of our State. . | «Lerdita pallidipennis, n. sp. b Female.— Length about 8 mm. ‘This is a third member of the 2 albipennis-lacteipennis group. Head and thorax blue-green. Front and _ vertex dull, face, thorax and abdomen shining. Mandibles curved as in _ albipennis, with reddish tips. On the clypeus a yellow spot on each side in addition to the cuneate-yellow median line. Adjoining the clypeus a yellow mark on each side of the face. Scape in front, a line on prothorax, and tubercles yellow. Flagellum black, a trace of reddish near the tip. ~ Legs dark, with no yellow markings, except on the knees of front and : middle legs. Tegulz yellowish on the upper half, brown below. Wings white, nervures and stigma pale. Abdomen black, usually lighter on the apical depressions of the segments. On the first segment a small yellow dot on each side, situated on the margin. A subbasal yellow band, narrowed medially, cn each of the four succeeding segments, interrupted ‘on segments 2, 3 and 4, or at least on 2 and 3. Pygidium dark brown, shining. Pubescence of vertex and mesonotum yellowish and erect, long on the vertex, short on the mesonotum. On cheeks and pleure the hairs _are white and long, those on the legs of a dirty-yellow colour. April, 1g10 102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Male.—Slightly smaller than the female. Pubescence white all over. No median yellow line on the clypeus, and the lateral marks are smaller than in the female. These are connected with each other by a yellow line along the apical border of the clypeus. The lateral face marks are small, the yellow line on the scape is inconspicuous or nearly absent, and the same is true of the yellow line on the prothorax. No yellow on tubercles. Legs coloured as in the female. Yellow of the abdomen confined to a small Jateral spot on each side of the second segment, situated on the margin, and similar, exceedingly small spots on the margins of the third segment, and rarely of the first as well. Pygidium reddish yellow. Types: Mouth of Yellow River, Burnett Co., Wis., July 28-31. 1909. (Nos. 31730 and 31731.) Paratypes: One male, mouth of Yeliow River, July 28-31, 1909 ; four males and two females, Kettle River Rapids, Aug. 4, 1909, and one male, Randall, Aug. 5, 1909, all of these localties in Burnett Co. along the St. Croix River. Specimens in the collection of the Milw. Publ. Museum. They were taken on the flowers of Rudbeckia hirta and Helianthus occidentalis. This species is distinct from P. adbipennis Cr., and P. lacteipennis Swenk & Cockerell, one of its main characters being dark legs with a trace of yellow around the knees only. Perdita maculipennis, n. sp. Female.—Length 6 to 7 mm. Head and thorax dark green, legs and abdomen brownish-black with yellow markings. Body clothed with white pubescence, longest on legs and tip of abdomen. Wings white, with a conspicuous black dot in the stigma. Head broader than long. Flagellum black above, reddish-yellow below. Scape light yellow in front. Clypeus yellow with two longitudinal black bars, not reaching the apex. Lateral yellow face-marks triangular, running half way up the face. Apex of triangle rounded or truncate, the base often emarginate. ‘These face-marks are very variable ; in one speci- men on one side of the face a division into two small spots is noticeable. Mandibles yellow, with reddish tips. ‘Tubercles, tegulz and two spots on prothorax yellow. The metathorax has a more bluish tinge than the rest of the thorax. Abdomen with two yellow spots on the first and interrupted yellow cross bands on the anterior half of the second, third, and fourth segments. ‘The spots on the first segment may be absent, and the bands on the remaining segments may be so widely interrupted as to form small spots only. Pygidium reddish. In front and middle legs, tips of femora, —e— ss ce THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 103 anterior surfaces of tibiz and metatarsi yellow. Hind legs without distinct yellow markings. Wings milky-white, with pale veins and stigma. An oval black spot in the stigma takes up the greater part of its area, leaving only a portion of the base, and a narrow strip along the costa unoccupied. Type taken August 13, 1905, at Milwaukee, Wis., flying around its nest in sandy soil. (No. 31740.) Fourteen paratypes, Aug. 6 and 13, 1905, and June 30, 1906, from the same locality, all of them obtained in the vicinity of their nests. This species is easily recognized on account of the black spot in the stigma, a character which it has in common with P. macudigera Ckll., but the latter is a yellow insect with dark markings, while in maculipennis the dark predominates. Perdita citrinella, n. sp. Female.—Length about 6 mm. Pale lemon-yellow with a greenish tinge in the metathoracic region, and black marks which are distributed as follows : Ocelli, a spot, usually diamond-shaped on each side of the front, situated half-way between the upper ocellus and the base of the antenne ; between this spot and the eye a narrow line extending to a point opposite the base of the antenne ; a large spot on the thorax underneath, occupy- ing the area between the anterior and middle coxze (mesosternum) and a smaller spot in front of this (prosternum), both spots reaching the pleural region ; on the margin of the second abdominal segment a short slender line ; on the anterior surface of each femur a conspicuous shining longi- tudinal band. These markings are more or less developed in all of the specimens, and in addition to these some specimens show a dark color- ation of the sutures of the face and thorax, a black spot on the hind sur- faces of the hind tibie near the tip, black hind tarsi, and narrow black apical bands across the abdominal segments, dorsally as also ventrally. In the latter case the bands are more in the basal region of the segments. There may be also two or more minute black dots on the clypeus. Antenne reddish below, black above. Mandibles yellow, with reddish or brownish tips. Pygidium reddish-brown. Wings white, with light veins and stigma. Soft white pubescence on legs, lower part of thorax and apex of abdomen, moderately close on legs, otherwise sparse. Type: August 13, 1909, North Hudson, St. Croix Co., Wis. (No. 30389.) Six paratypes, Aug. 13 and 14, 1909, at the same locality, Type and paratypes in the collection of the Milw. Publ, Museum. 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, This bee collects pollen from the flowers of Petalostemum villosum (Leguminose). There are two western species, P. perpallida Ckll., and P. wootone Ckll., which are evidently extremely close to P. citrinel/a, but which collect pollen from different plants. The three seem to be very un- stable in their colour characters, they have probably originated from the _ same ancestral form within comparatively recent times, and the fact that they visit different flowers in the regions where they have been observed, so far, does not exclude the possibility of their belonging to one species only. Halictoides Nove-anglie for eximple obtains pollen at Waldoboro, Maine, from the flowers of Pontederia cordata only, as reported by Mr. John H. Lovell (Psyche XIII, p. 112), at Milwaukee and at Cedar Lake, Washington Co., Wis. (about 30 miles north-west of Milwaukee). I have never seen it collecting pollen from the flowers of any other plant but Monarda fistulosa, and in Burnett Co. in the north-western part of Wisconsin I repeatedly saw it visiting the flowers of Agastache feniculum for the same purpose. (To be continued.) A CORRECTION. In the January number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, p. 8 the late Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy corrected some preoccupied generic names in insects. Among these he proposed Americides for Dryope Ch., the latter name being preoccupied in Diptera and Crustacea. However, Mr. Karl R. Coolidge had already proposed Dryoperia for Dryope Chamb. See Entomological News, Vol. XX, p. 112.—W. G. DIevTz. Esperanto, the international language, if it has not done so before, has at last invaded the entomological field. Mr. Tor Helliesen, of the Museum in Stavanger, Norway, has just published a list of Coleoptera new to that country, and has added a resumé in Esperanto.—H. S, SAUNDERS. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 SYNONYMICAL AND OTHER NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. BY THOS L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C. The fact that some important catalogues of the Coleoptera of the world are about to be published, renders it desirable to afford all the aid possible to the compilers of these lists, by making known such apparent synonymy relating to published species, as may have come to light since their appearance in the literature of the subject. The writer has therefore endeavoured to do his part, as far as the course now seems clear and evident to him, in the following notes. The recent catalogue of the Staphylinid genera by Dr. Eichelbaum (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XVII) is a very welcome summary, although personally, my position is undesirably conspicuous in regard to the number of generic names proposed, and I had hoped to be overshadowed in this respect by some other specialists in the family. A reduction of the number ascribed to the writer is therefore in order, although some already reduced to synonymy, such as Humitocerus Csy., which is a synonym of Trichophya, are restored by Dr. Eichelbaum inadvertently, and one, at least, reduced by the compiler, i.e. J/yrmodiota, will have to be restored to full generic rank, as it has very little to do with Homeusa. Dr. Eichel- baum would also have done well to place Léparocepha/us in the Aleocharine near P/ytosus, which is its true systematic position. In regard to emendations, the author has been very liberal; but, in my opinion, no generic word should be emended at all. ‘Generic words are not a part of language to any greater extent than the x, y, z of algebra. They are merely pronounceable symbols formed by combinations of letters, although in many cases their derivation, or intended derivation, from certain words, either of classic or barbaric origin, is sufficiently evident. Not being strictly a part of language however, they should be withdrawn from rules of etymology, in order to protect them from possible emendators of diverging views ;—that is if stability in the fundaments of nomenclature is to be maintained. It is highly desirable, and ought to be compulsory, that the generic symbol should have an ending conforming to the Latin language, in order to determine gender in the specific word; but just how such a rule could be enforced is rather difficult to imagine. In the fixing of gender for species names the general Latin rule should be applied, but without those exceptions which always occur in actual April, 1910 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. language. The word Venus, for example, when used as a generic symbol is merely a combination of letters without meaning, and the species names should be given the masculine ending. So, genera ending in soma or derma should have the feminine ending in the specific names, without regard to the gender of such words in the Greek. Generic symbols, even if considered a part of language, could not be Greek, but, as soon as taken into the nomenclatorial scheme, become Latin, which should be the sole source of specific words. These species names always have a meaning and therefore assume a different status from generic symbols ; they can and should be altered if necessary to give the meaning intended by their author. Looking through the pages of this catalogue I would propose the following changes : flyptioma Csy., p. 162, is a synonym of Hodisus Erichs.; the species Cubensis seems however to be valid. This error in the generic name indicates one of the disadvantages of working without full literature at hand, as the writer has been forced to do on many occasions ; but, in this case, although resulting in a synonym, there is a certain advantage in having a perfectly independent estimate of the systematic position of the genus, which seemed to be a Xantholinid and not closely related to the Cafius series. The genera Zerasota and Taphrodota, p. 242, are subdivisions of Aloconota. Luromota, p. 242, and Anepsiota, p. 236, are valid subgenera of Atheta, as this.genus is supposed to be constituted by recent authors, I do not agree with those who place so many heterogeneous elements under the genus Athefa, and believe that the ideas expressed in the older catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise are far nearer to the truth. There such names as Acrofona, Liogluta, Aloconota, Amischa and some others, stand for genera in the full sense of the word, each with numerous subgenera. Macroterma, p. 242, is a valid subgenus of At¢hefa in its comprehen- sive sense. The species dentata, of Bernhauer (Athefa), is smaller and narrower than a/utacea Csy., and the two are not very closely related. Hlomalotusa, p. 242, is also a subgenus of Atheta, near Liogluta. Llytrusa, p. 235, may or may not be the same as MMegista, for I am by no means certain that the type is identical with the type of AZegista Rey ; it however is at best a subgenus, very closely allied to AZegista. PS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 Achromota, p. 254, does not belong to the Aleocharini but to the Myrmedoniini and is a synonym of Acrofona. Lurypronota, p. 235, 1s a valid subzenus of Atheta near. Acrotona. If the present Atheta were properly divided generically, it would be a subgenus of Acrofona. Colposura, p. 236, and Vadenusa, p. 242, are valid gubgenera of Atheta near Amischa. Amischa is really a valid genus, of which the two _mentioned might be regarded as subgenera. Athetota, p. 236, is a synonym of Anefpsiota. Platyusa, p. 223, is a synonym of JZyrmedonia. This synonym was announced many years ago, but was overlooked by Dr. Eichelbaum. (eee Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, VII, p. 322). LVototaphra, p. 222, has dorsal sexual tuberosities of the male abdomen similar to those of A7yrmecia; but it differs in the formation of the sterna between the middle coxe, in the very fine close punctures of the upper surface and in the smaller basal joint of the antenne. If Myrmecia be regarded as a subgenus of Myrmedonia, Nototaphra would be another subgenus ; if, however, JZyrmecia is a distinct genus, as I hold to be true, then /Vofotaphra is also distinct. Myrmobiota, p. 250, is a genus wholly distinct from MHomeusa, and has a markedly different habitus. The specimen sent to Dr. Wasmann by Mr. Wickham under that generic name, and upon which the former gained his opinion of AZyrmodiota, was certainly Homeusa and not Myrmobiota. Ihave neverseenthis specimen. Sol‘usa, p. 250, might be regarded as a subgenus of Humeusa, but its type, crzzitula, bears not the slightest resemblance to A/yrmobdiota, and has only a general similarity with the type of Homeusa. Dr. Eichelbaum should certainly make these corrections in the interest of truth. The above notes will determine certain points which could not very well be settled, because of the isolated nature of the descriptions. There are, however, many names which I have published as genera in systematic work, such as those under the comprehensive genus A/eochara and under Falagria, the weight of which as genera or subgenera can be determined very well from the context. Very recent writers will probably be disposed to hold them for the most part as subgenera, but I am sure that more painstaking study would convince them that they are in great part true genera. It can only be said that for the present their systematic weight is a subject of disagreement. 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Some years ago, in the CANADIAN Envromo.ocist, I explained that the generic name Delius Fauv., p. 194 (Rev. @Ent., 1899, p. 11), is preoccupied by Deéiws-Csy., in the Scydmenide (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sel 1897, p. 497) 3 as no substitution has been made for the Fauvelian name, I would propose Dediodes (nom. nov.) for the Delius of Fauvel. The following are some additional synonymic notes on the Staphylinide : The Ocyusa asperula Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1893, p. 305) appears to have been redescribed by Dr. Bernhauer under the name brevipennis. Aleochara Kansana Csy., (Tr. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 1906, p. 141) 1s a synonym of ed/ipsicollis Csy. (l.c., p. 142). After Baryodma castanetpennis (l.c., p. 152) read Mann., instead of ee Eseli’ 2 The name Baryodma densiventris Csy., (l.c., p. 158) is preoccupied by Bernhauer, and I would therefore substitute for it the name Humboldti (nom. nov.). Eucharina rugosa Csy., (l.c., p. 166) may be regarded as a synonym of sulcicollis Mann. Echochara lucifuga Csy., (l.c., p. 177) originally placed in ®Rheochara (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 1893, p. 288) was redescribed by Garman (Psyche, 1894, p. 81) under the name Cadlodera cavicola. The subgeneric name Zachyusilla Csy., (l.c., p. 213) is a synonym of Caliusa Rey. . a Lissagria minuscula Csy., (l.c., p. 254) is a subspecies of robusta Csy. Falagriota lucida Csy., (\.c., p. 257) is a synonym of occidua Csy. After Gyrophena flavicornits, (\.c., p. 291) for “n. sp.” read Mels. Homalotusa pallida (\.c., p. 342) is a synonym of fuscula Csy. In the latest European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, the genus which I called Za/éssus Mann,, (!.c., p. 379), 1s named Gauropterus Thoms.; but in the catalogue of Dr. Etchelbaum this decision is reversed, Gauropterus being given as a synonym of Lu/issws. There is some obscure point to be cleared up here, it would seem. Leptacinus rubricollis Csy., (l.c., p. 400) is preoccupied by Reitter (1899); but, as these names may possibly apply to what might be regarded as a single species, I hesitate to substitute another name at the present time. ee —-! << nae Rh. Mh iee = ee oO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 Diaulota insolita Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, p. 355). is a synonym of densissima Csy. After Lathrobium amplipenne (Tr. Acad. St. Louis, XV, p. 81) insert sp.” The substitution of Astenws Steph., for Sunztus Erichs., is one of those rigorous applications of the laws of priority which it is very difficult to adopt with any degree of complacency, because, throughout almost the entire literature of the subject, the genus has been known under the name Sunius, and, in this special case, because the word Astenus is very mis- Jeading if we look atit etymologically. ‘There are some other iconoclastic changes of names, especially in the Pselaphide, which seem to be equally unnecessary. I believe fully in the law of priority, but do not think it can be made quite so rigid as the law of gravitation ; and, that when a name has become established through very long and extensive usage, in fact universally empleyed, it should not be changed unless there can be no shadow of doubt as to the necessity for doing so, and of this we should be made aware by the publication, coincidentaliy with the proposed change, of all the facts and original descriptions which apparently compel it, so that everyone may be enabled to form his own opinion. The following notes synonymic and otherwise are appended : SCYDM ANID AE. Lumicrus cruralis Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad., IX, p. 534) isa synonym of ochreatus Csy. COCCINELLID/E. In a paper published recently by the writer (Can. Enr., XL, p. 393) a few errors and misprints occur which require correction as follows : On pp. 397, 400 for *‘ Z/iputana” read “i/liputana. On p. 399, 19 |. from bottom, for ‘‘ met-episterna ” read met-epimera. On p. 400, 4 1. from top, for “parenthesis” read apicalis. On p. 409, 3 1. from top, for “cacti” read plagiatum. On p. 413. The species described under the name rachyacantha metator does not belong to that genus, but is a member of the genus Hyperaspis, belonging near jocosa and Levrati, which have a habitus so nearly that of Brachyacantha that it did not occur to me to examine the anterior legs. Scymnus subsimilis Csy., (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 150) is a synonym or slight variety of avzdus (l.c., p. 146). 110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Scymnuus Calaveras Csy., (l.c., p. 150) may be regarded as a synonym — of fenutvestis (\.c., p- 151). BUPRESTID. In my recent paper (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., XI) on p. 49, line 22 from top, and again on p. 115, line 15 from top, for “ ormata” read decora. TENEBRIONID. Metoponium laticolle and faustum Csy., (Proc. Wash. Acad, an IX, pp. 291, 292) are subspecies of abnorme Lec. Metoponium congruens and anceps Csy., (l.c., pp. 293, OR may be regarded as subspecies of ferforatum Csy. Metoponium subsimile Csy., (1c, p. 295) is a subspecies of socium Csy. é . Steriphanus alutaceus and peropacus Csy., (l.c., pp. 348, 349) are probably slight varietal or racial forms of swbopacus Horn. Steriphanus unicolor Csy., (1.c., p. 346) is not more than a subspecies — of convexus Lec. In describing the elytra of Bothrotes pertinax Csy., (l.c., Pp. 405) it is stated thit the impressed lines are wanti:g except apically; this is a mistake, due probably to inadvertently observing some other specimen, ~ for, in the type of fertinax, the impressed lines are very well developed. — Metopoloba contaminans Csy., (l.c., p. 418) is a synonym of subleviceps Csy. On p. 463 (lc.), it is stated that my description of Zopherus Haldemani is apparently the first full diagnosis to be published, but this is an error, as the species had becn satisfactorily described by Horn many years before, under the name Z wodu/osus, Sol. Phleodes latipennis Csy, (Can. ENT., 1907) is a synonym of © pustulosus, Lec. Additional specimens of Vesostes robustus Lec., (Proc. Wash. Acad. — Sci., X, p. 59), recently received, show that the elytra are not polished on the apical declivity in all examples, but in some are opaque throughout; evidence seems to indicate that the entirely opaque individuals are males. The recent paper on Diplotaxis, by Mr. Fall (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.), answers a want long felt in a genus which has been almost as much of an enigma as Brachynus, so far as the identification of species is concerned. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111 The annoyance caused by the numerous, and at times rather obtrusive, misprints, which have come to be somewhat characteristic of its medium of publication, is offset to some extent by the more satisfactory typographic form, the new dress being more becoming than the old. I notice that Mr. Fall makes use of a word umbone, to express a protuberanee of the surface; this word also occurs frequently in the writings of Dr. Horn and others. On consulting the dictionaries, I find that the word zméo, which has been adopted by the English language directly from the Latin, has, for a French equivalent, wmbon and Italian wmbone; but it is not quite apparent why we should use the Italian word in preference to the Anglo-Latin umdo, which is shorter, more rational and less liable to be mistaken for an English singular of the Latin plural wmbones, if perchance construed as forming two syllables instead of three. It is also impossible to confirm the correctness of the geographic name ‘‘ Baboquivaria” used by Mr. Fall and others. The atlases give _ either Baboquivari or Babuquivari, the latter form in Steiler’s Handatlas. _ The form “ Baboquivaria” is only quotable from the pin-labels of our genial and old-time friend Prof. Snow, and was presumably so printed under misapprehension. It would seem to be almost time that the true value of the synonymical list of my early species published by Dr. Horn, and embodied in the Henshaw List, should have become known to systematists, I drew attention to the unreliability of this list in one of my papers published in the Bulletin of the California Academy, and it would be scarcely worth while to allude to it again, were it not necessary to remark that in blindly following the synonymy indicated by Dr. Horn, the author of the work on Diplotaxis has fallen into an error, which he might have avoided had he read my description of D. /evicuda, and not taken it for granted that it was, as stated by Dr. Horn, identical with the puactata, of LeConte, inhabiting a different region : for Mr. Fall does not admit that pwnctata occurs in Arizona, and yet places /evicu/a, from Arizona, as a synonym of that Texan species. On comparing my type with LeConte’s material many years ago, I made up my mind that it was closely related to carbonata. A perusal of Mr. Fall’s paper indicates that he has redescribed it under the name. rzjio/a. This name is therefore in all probability a synonym of levicula. In Mr. Fall’s Revision of the Ptinide (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXXI, p. 274), the author has apparently strained pretty hard to make a synonym te, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of my Cenocara occidens, and it is almost needless to say that he is in error. Occidens is one of the smallest known species of Cenocara and is always pale brownish-testaceous in colour. I compared it carefully with the actual ty pe of Californica Lec., and the two have no mutual resem- blance whatever, Ca/‘fornica being much larger and black in colour, as stated by LeConte. The pubescence may have given it a brownish tinge to Mr. Blanchard, but the integuments are black. In his treatment of my Pri/inus flavipennis, in this paper (p. 281), Mr. Fall also displays a decided lack of liberality in the absence of positive knowledge, for it is true beyond any legitimate question, that Pt7/inus flavi- pennis is not a synonym of dasa/ts Lec., but is a separate and distinct species. It is seldom that I have attempted to assume the role of critic of the work of my fellows in the field of morphological classification, although frequently being forced to defend my own work from attack, when the motive therefor seemed unjust or the reason ill-founded. Having done so much work himself in this field, the writer feels only too acutely the ~ uncertainty of the results of our labours and of our helplessness in the presence of the undecipherable ; for we know not a whit of the meaning or origin of it all. ‘The recent work of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell on the genus Eleodes tempts me, however, to make a few observations, which J trust will be taken in good part, as they are given in a spirit wholly friendly to the author and in no way as captious criticism. This work stands alone in the minute and careful study bestowed upon the subject and in its remarkable array of detail. Its degree of departure from the actual truth, so far as indicating the total number of species and subspecies which the author had before him is concerned, is of course a part of his own individual perceptiveness and methods of reasoning and would be viewed differently by every investigator ; no two would probably agree, but I think it can be truly said that Dr. Blaisdell has tried to steer an ultra-conservative course, and that in his inner conscience he really felt that there were many more forms that should be given places in the taxonomic scheme than he quite dared to make known. ‘This can be inferred, at least, from the fact that so many species or subspecies are presented to us under the term “forma,” which he modestly states are not to be perpetuated in the catalogue but are only intended as convenient THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113 references ; but if he did not think that many of them would be perforce adopted, he could much more simply have stated forma A, forma B and soon, As a matter of fact, it is these formas that have prompted me to _ write this notice, for it is very difficult to understand how some of them can fail to find their way into the catalogue as legitimate taxonomic units, such for instance as Faradllonicus under fparvicollis, Cataline wnder omissus, interstitialis under carbonarius, annectans under obsoletus, ordinatus under pi/osus and in many other similar cases. Indeed it becomes evident that these formas, which in many instances have been given perfectly distinctive and proper names, may produce much trouble and confusion, and I would strongly advise the author to issue a supplement in which he definitely states which of them he would have perpetuated as subspecies and which are to be conclusively dropped ; for that they all have the status at least of subspecies cannot for a moment be held in dispute, when we view such conservatism as prompted him to write porcatus as a variety of obsoletus, or br unnipes as a variety of pimedliotdes, instead of giving them their evidently proper status as distinct species. In this connection it should be stated that compositus Csy., is by no means a form of Aispilabris, as was in fact admitted by the author himself when he viewed the type in my collection, though unfortunately not until after his monograph had appeared in print. It is a wholly distinct and isolated species, not closely related in any way to Azspilabris, and this remark can be repeated in regard to e/egans Csy., an isolated species referred by Dr. Blaisdell to dentipes, which it does not in the least resemble. The amount of conscientious work made obvious by the extremely detailed account of the sexual characters, is most unusual in systematic studies of this kind; but, although a very interesting contribution to morphology, it must be held to be of comparatively little practical utility in determining species ; to even thoroughly understand it, one would be compelled to devote almost as much time to painstaking dissection as that expended by the author himself. In conclusion there are but twe other points which might be alluded to in reluctantly criticising this voluminous monograph, the first relating to the title, which is so lengthy as to be objectionable to the bibliographers ; it is a mistake to try to describe the scope of a paper so minutely in the title itself. The second relates to the gender given the specific names, 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. which, to follow the general rule for genera ending in odes, should be masculine and not feminine.* ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF BALANININI, TYCHIINI fre RELATED TRIBES. BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C. A recent rearrangement of my somewhat extensive material in the genus Balaninus, shows that we have been misinterpreting the species described by Say under the name rectus, which, as identified in most cabinets, is of slender form, with a thin and strongly arcuate rostrum, very abundant in Arizona, and, as represented by closely allied species, extending as far to the eastward as the Atlantic seaboard. The description of Say shows that the true vecfus has a long and almost perfectly straight rostrum, bent downward only at tip. ‘Two specimens from West Virginia before me undoubtedly represent this species, which is not at all closely related to the form which we have been calling rectus, but is more nearly allied to guercus. A desire to rectify this very radical error is the principal _ reason for publishing the following short study, in which quite a number of other species, hitherto undescribed, are also made known. A few Tychiini and related forms, believed to be new, are appended, in addition. Meas- urements exclude the rostrum, the length of the latter being the distance from the tip to the eyes in a straight line, or a chord of the arc. Tribe BALANININI. Balaninus Germ. A—Rostrum (2) much longer than the body. * First funicular joint shorter than the second. LB. hariolus n. sp.—Body slender, dark rufo-piceous throughout, the prothorax blackish ; vestiture tawny-yellow, more hair-like and sparser at each side of the median line and on the flanks of the prothorax, rather *Since this was written Dr. Blaisdell has published (Ent. News, 1910, p. 60) some additional notes on Eleodes, in which my suggestion given above has been carried out to some extent, four of his formas being given permanent rank as varieties. He seems however to be just a little hazy in his ideas concerning priority, stating that nztidus Csy., published many years ago, is a variety of amplus Blaisd., published in his monograph of 1909. The species name is of course nitidus, amplus becoming a variety of nz/idus and not a species, if that be the true relationship between them. I may also add that there is no close relationship whatever between dentipes and subcylindricus, and the latter is clearly a distinct species. DCR ty kehtes Dots. the er ae i ee ed ed ett meee Cea ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 faintly mottled with pale brown on the elytra; beak (7) curved down- ward beyond the middle, rather stout, gradually thicker basally; prothorax rather longer than wide, moderately narrowed at apex, finely, very densely punctate throughout ; scutellum narrow, densely pubescent, pale brown ; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, somewhat strongly narrowed from the moderately prominent humeri to the apex, the apices individually rounded; striz but little more than a fourth as wide as the flat intervals, strongly and very closely punctate at the bottom, the intervals finely, closely punc- tate ; fifth male ventral feebly impressed, with the apex moderately sinuate and briefly, sinuately beveled. Length, ¢, 8.o-8.5 mm.; width, 3.2-3.8 mm.; Length of rostrum, ¢,5.4 mm. Types without locality-label, but probably from Indiana. Resembles caryatryfes Boh., as usually identified in our collections, but smaller, less stout and more acuminate, with slightly coarser elytral striz, much shorter legs and shorter beak ; in the species mentioned the fifth ventral of the male is truncate medially at tip. B. cylindricollis n. sp. —Moderately slender, piceous-black throughout the body and beak, the legs slightly paler; vestiture dense, almost uniform in colour and pale gray ; beak ( 2 ) rather thick but almost filiform, but little thickened basally, straight, becoming very gradually and extremely feebly bent beyond the middle ; prothorax much longer than wide, scarcely three- fourths as wide as the elytra, parallel, very moderately narrowed apically, densely punctate ; scutellum concolorous ;. elytra one-half longer than wide, the oblique sides arcuate ; apices each rounded, the humeri well exposed, rounded ; strize about a fourth as wide as the intervals, with the punctures moderate, each bearing a pale scale, the intervals not quite flat, very finely, not very densely punctate. Length, 2, 7.5 mm.; width, 3.0 mm.; length of rostrum, 2, 9.4 mm. Tennessee. : Differs from the female of caryatryfes in its much smaller size, more slender form, uniform vestiture, shorter and nearly straight beak, apically unconstricted prothorax and in general facies to a very striking degree. ** First funicular joint longer than the second except in cuneatus. {Beak extremely slender, filiform, not at all enlarged basally, the antenne _ (4) inserted behind the middle; pygidium ( g ) excavated. B. cuneatus 0. sp.—F orm moderately stout, piceous-black, the beak and legs dark testaceous ; antenne long and very slender, the first and second funicular joints long and as nearly as discernible perfectly equal in length, each a little shorter than the third and fourth combined ; 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. prothorax fully two-fifths wider than long, parallel basally, strongly and obliquely narrowed in apical half, densely, rather finely punctate throughout, the yellowish-brown vestiture somewhat close but in great part coarsely hair-like ; elytra about one-half longer than wide, cuneiform, with © arcuate sides, rather prominent humeri, somewhat fine, punctured striz and wide, flat and closely but not deeply punctate intervals, the vestiture of elongate scales dense, yellowish gray, with irregular mottling of pale brown, more distinct than in gwercus, wholly concealing the surface. Length, ¢, 8.8 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. West Virginia. A little stouter a guercus, to which it is allied, and with the Sek about similar in length and curvature, but differing in the very long and perfectly equal first two funicular joints, and in the denser and more squamiform vestiture of the elytra. The following is a subspecies of guercus : B. sparsellus n. subsp.—Nearly similar throughout to gwercus, but with the elytra more cuneiform, more elongate and more gradually acute behind, and with the second funicular joint (¢) but litle shorter than the first. Length, ¢, 8.5 mm.; width, 3.6 mm. New Jersey. In guercus the elytra are less elongate, more rounded at the sides, more obtuse at apex and with the first funicular joint in both sexes very much longer than the second. The elytral vestiture does not fully conceal the surface. Quercus is abundant from Massachusetts to West Virginia. B. rectus Say.—Somewhat larger and more elongate than guercus, blackish, the elytra, legs and beak red-brown ; vestiture pale brownish- yellow, in the form of very stout subsquamiform hairs but much more elongate than in gwercus, similarly in condensed patches on the elytra, elsewhere darker and sparse, not concealing the surface; beak (?) very long, slender, perfectly straight to within a short distance of the apex where it is bent downward ; antenne very slender, the first funicular joint much longer than the second ; prothorax about a third wider than long, the sides subangulate at the middle, thence slightly diverging (not parallel as in guercus) to the base and strongly sinuately converging to the apex ;. punctures dense, deep and rather coarse, the median line narrowly impunctate ; elytra as in gwercus but with less fine and more coarsely punctured striz, and less closely, asperulately punctulate intervals. Length, 2, 9.2-9.4 mm.; width, 3.9 mm ; length of rostrum, ?, 10.5-11.0 mm. West Virginia. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117 Differs from guercus in its relatively longer, in great part perfectly straight, beak, longer pubescence, form of the prothorax and in other ae characters ; from orthorhynchus Chit, it may be known at once by its very much larger size, being of three or four times the bulk. One of the two specimens before me has the singular thread-like ovipositor, with its biungulate clasping extremity, protruded as described by Dr. Horn (Proc. Ann. Phil. Soc., XIII, p. 457). {tBeak very slender though slightly thicker basally ; antennae ( 2 ) inserted at or slightly beyond the middle; pygidium ( 3) not excavated. The following species have a narrow elongate fusiform outline, with the prothorax less markedly narrower than the elytra than usual, and are all much smaller and more slender than carye@ Horn, which belongs to the same section as defined above. B. auriger n. sp.—Moderately slender, convex, piceous-black to dark testaceous, densely clothed with narrow pale golden scales, denser in two pronotal vittz and having a bright lustre in the condensed subiransverse elytral macule, of which one, especially conspicuous, is generally well- defined behind the middle, the darker areas clothed sparsely with dark hair-like vestiture ; antennz (¢) inserted at about the middle of the beak, ( 2} at just behind basal third, the first funicular joint much longer than the second; prothorax nearly as long as wide, parallel, moderately narrowed _ apically, strongly, densely punctate ; scutellum small, with the elongate central elevation solidly squamose; elytra about one-half longer than wide, rather acuminate, the humeri broadly rounded and not prominent, the strie moderately coarse and coarsely punctate, the intervals strongly, tugosely punctate. Male with the third ventral at base much below (viewed ventrally) the level of the second,—a very frequent character not generally referred to, the fifth subconcavely flattened, sparsely clothed, the apex broadly and feebly sinuate. Length, g, 2, 5.6-7.0 mm.; width, 2.5-3.0 mm; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.0-3.4 mm.; ?, 6.0-8.0 mm. Arizona. This species typifies a group, no one of which has as yet been described, most of them having been referred to rectus Say. The strongly arcuate beak in both sexes, becoming straight only in about basal half, will however alone prevent them from coming under that designation; the femora are strongly toothed beneath in the female but much more feebly in the male. The following seems to be a subspecies of auriger: 118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. B. mollis n. subsp.—Smaller than the smallest of a very large series of the preceding, resembling it in general characters, but with the antenne inserted evidently beyond the middle of the very short beak, — the second funicular joint relatively shorter and only a little longer than — the third, the prothorax smaller, shorter and more finely punctate and the elytral striz very coarse, fully half as wide as the intervals. Length, 7, é 4.9 mm.; width, 1.9 mm.; length of rostrum, 2.4 mm. The single type is without locality label, but is probably from — Arizona. B. strigosus, 0. sp.—Form and coloration nearly as in auriger but rather shorter, the vestiture nearly similar; beak (9?) shorter, similarly arcuate, not very evidently longer than the body, the antennz shorter, with stouter club ; prothorax nearly as long as wide, more gradually though — slightly narrowing anteriorly, with the basal angles more obtuse, the punc- tures a little smaller and less densely placed, and with a strikingly broad smooth impunctate median line, which is two or three times as wide as the fine impunctate line of auriger, though likewise not extending much before the middle ; elytra more abbreviated than in auriger but similar in general form and sculpture, not about twice as long as the prothorax as in that ~ species, but much less. Length, 9, 5.2 mm.; width, 2.2 mm.; length of rostrum, 2, 4.8mm. _ Arizona. The legs are shorter than in auriger, especially the femoral peduncle. B. algonguinus n. sp.—Form somewhat as in auriger but shorter and stouter, the type pale brownish-testaceous in colour throughout; beak (3) stout, strongly arcuate, the antennz inserted at the middle, the first three funicular joints decreasing uniformly and rapidly in length; prothorax ~ of the same general form as in auriger, not quite as long as wide, the parallel sides gradually rounding and converging before the middle, the punctures smaller, close but not crowded, the pale vittz narrow; scutellum short, solidly squamose on the elevated part; elytra rapidly cuneiform, — with arcuate sides and distinct humeri, much less than one-half longer than wide and not twice as long as the prothorax, the condensations of pale fulvous scales numerous and indefinite, the striz less than half as wide as the intervals, the latter finely and sparsely punctate, only slightly rugulose. Length, ¢, 6.0 mm.; width, 2.7 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.0mm. _ Indiana. The fifth ventral of the male is feebly impressed and scantily clad, gradually feebly deflexed apically, the apex feebly sinuate, the cleft between THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 the second and third segments very large. This species may be dis- tinguished from any other of the eastern forms of this group by its shorter and relatively stouter form. B. acuminatus n. sp.—General form, sculpture and vestiture nearly as in auriger but larger and rather more elongate, black, the elytra, legs and beak but little paler; beak (9) much longer, similarly strongly arcuate, becoming straight in about basal half, the antennz inserted at basal fourth, the first funicular joint longer than in auriger, fully as long as the next two combined ; prothorax more elongate, apparently a little longer than wide, slightly but very gradually narrowed anteriorly, closely, strongly and deeply but not confluently punctate, the smooth median line narrow ; scutellum similar; elytra with the humeri more prominent and the sides thence more rapidly converging and very feebly arcuate to the rather more acuminate tip, similarly punctato-striate but with the broad intervals much more finely, sparsely and less rugosely punctate, the condensed subtransverse macul of pale tawny scales having the metallic glint of awriger much less evident ; fifth ventral more obtuse and more concave than in the female of that form. Length, 9, 7.5 mm.; width, 3-2 mm.; length of rostrum, ?, 9.8 mm. A single female probably taken in Arizona or Colorado, readily distinguishable from auriger by its much longer beak, more elongate prothorax and different fifth ventral of the female. B. setosicornis n. sp.—Form and vestiture nearly as in auriger though slightly less elongate, black or blackish in colour, the beak a little paler, arcuate as in that species, the antenne ( ¢ ) inserted at the middle, ( @ ) at or slightly behind basal fourth, slender, similar in structure, the bristling black setee at the apical part of the funicular joints unusually conspicuous ; prothorax nearly as long as wide, gradually narrowed anteriorly from slightly behind the middle ( @ ), or more prominently rounded at the sides and narrowed from before the middle ( ¢), closely, deeply punctured but much less coarsely than in auriger, the smooth median line very narrow ; scutellum similar ; elytra nearly similar in form, sculpture and vestiture. Length, ¢,92, 6.2-6.5 mm.; width, 2.6 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 30 mm.; 2?,7.0mm. West Virginia. The fifth ventral in the male is flattened medially, subglabrous posteriorly, where there is, on each side of the apex, a dense tuft of hairs, the two patches nearly contiguous medially ; in the female the fifth ventral 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. is feebly, transversely concave and sparsely clothed throughout the length and not scarcely at all modified, as it is in auriger. B. macilentus n. sp.—Form nearly as in setosicornis and auriger but more slender, rufo-piceous to blackish, the beak a little paler, the integu- ments rather more shining, the vestiture similar in distribution but whitish and not yellow; beak similarly arcuate; antenne nearly similar and inserted at the middle (¢), but in the inserted further forward than in setosicornis, at a little beyond basal fourth, the funicular setee not so con- spicuous; prothorax sculptured as in the preceding species but differing more sexually, apparently longer than wide and very gradually narrowed anteriorly from the middle (2), or more abruptly from before the middle and shorter than wide ( ¢); elytra with slightly more prominent humeri and more rapidly, obliquely narrowed thence to the tip, with feebly arcuate sides, the apex very acute, especially in the female, the sculpture sparser and feebler, more exposed by the scantier vestiture, the strongly punctate strize similarly nearly half as wide as the intervals. Length, ¢,9, 6.0-6.5 mm.; widtb, 2.3-2.4mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.0 mm.; ?, 6.9 mm. West Virginia. ; The fifth ventral is more scantily clothed throughout than in the preceding and does not have such conspicuous apical tufts of hair, and, in the female, the scantily-clad feeble concavity is a little narrower. It may be distinguished from sefoscornis by its much narrower form, looser vesti- ture and point of antennal insertion in the female. B. perextlis n. sp.—Similar in general form and vestiture to most of the preceding species but very small and slender, dark in colour, some of the pale yellowish elytral condensations of the vestiture with feeble metallic glint; beak slender, the antenne inserted a little beyond the middle (4), or at basal fourth (@ ), the funicular joints shorter throughout — than in mactlentus; prothorax similar in the sexes, notably shorter than wide, gradually rounding at the sides and narrowing anteriorly from near the middle, more strongly in the male, the punctures strong and dense ; elytra nearly as in maci/entus but with rather finer strie ; legs notably more slender, the femora less clavate. Length, $2 4-5-48 mm.; width, 1.8-2.0 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 2.5 mm.; 9, 4.6mm. New Jersey. The fifth ventral of the male is pubescent at tip, with the surface vestiture finer and sparser but not much modified otherwise ; on the fifth ventral of the female there is a deep rounded concavity in about apical Naktis eve we th it per re 4 Oa et Sek ” -” ee ee a Ty aa tril GAG genes ot a geen Coe “¥ reerers THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121 half, thus differing from any of the preceding, and the entire abdomen is much more scantily clad than in the male. This is the smallest, or at least by far the slightest, species that we have. The female is the smaller and more slender of the two specimens at hand. B—Rostrum (3) not longer, and generally much shorter, than the body. a—Prothorax relatively large in size. BL. proprius n. sp.—Body short, stout and convex in form, piceous- black, the antenne paler; vestiture pale gray, variegated on the elytra with Jarge feeble brownish clouds, almost uniform, not very dense and somewhat hair-like on the pronotum and without condensed vittz, in the form of elongate, moderately dense scales on the elytra, those of the strial punctures pale cinereous and distinct ; beak ( 2 ) not longer than the elytra, moderately arcuate throughout, the antennz inserted scarcely beyond basal fourth, slender, the scape short, the first funicular joint almost as long as the next two combined ; prothorax about a fourth wider than long, parallel, the sides becoming strongly oblique in about apical two-fifths, the punctures strong, deep, very densely crowded ; scutellum very narrow, elongate, the dense vestiture divided narrowly along the middle ; elytra short, not a third longer than wide, not twice as long as the prothorax and two-fifths wider, the humeri well exposed, the sides strongly arcuate ; apex obtuse ; strize not quite a third as wide as the intervals, the latter shining, not very densely, subrugosely punctate ; fifth ventral twice as wide as long, with a small feeble indentation medially toward tip, not differently clothed ; femoral teeth strong. Length, 9, 6.2 mm; width, 3.0 mm.; length of rostrum, 9, 3.8 mm. The type represents a species not at all closely allied to any of our other species ; it 1s without locality label but was probably taken in Indiana. ZL. timidus n. sp.-—Form stout, small in size, convex, piceous, the legs and beak dark testaceous; vestiture elongate-squamiform, very coarsely hair-like on the pronotum, pale brownish-cinereous, rather dense but only feebly and sparsely, subtransversely variegated with pale brown on the elytra; beak (¢) stout, the antennz inserted just behind the middle, the first funicular joint nearly as long as the next two, the club rather stout ; prothorax slightly wider than long, parallel, the sides obliquely, subsinuously converging in apical two-fifths, the punctures strong and close-set ; scutellum elongate, densely clothed, the elevated part with 122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. tumescent polished sides; elytra short, a fourth longer than wide, less than twice as long as the prothorax and a third wider, the humeri less than usually exposed, the converging sides arcuate ; apex rather obtuse ; strie somewhat more than a third as wide as the intervals, with the squame rather narrow ; femoral teeth rather strong, acute ; fifth ventral flat, trapezoidal, truncate at tip, glabrous at the middle of the tip and with long but not dense hairs laterally at apex. Length, ¢, 4.7 mm.; width, 2.15 mm.; length of rostrum, g, 2.5 mm. Texas (Alpine), Wickham. To be readily known by its short plump form, unusually small size, short legs and other characters mentioned in the description ; it is not closely allied to any other of our species. b—Prothorax relatively smaller in size. This group includes most of the species having short beaks. Odbtusus Bl., Caseyé Chit. (=Jérevirostris || Csy.), and monticola constitute a peculiar section of the group, having the rostrum very short in both sexes, stout and only a little longer in the female than in the male, the antenne inserted slightly behind the middle in the former and correspondingly but little beyond the middle in the latter sex. The group contains, besides the obfusus section, two other minor sections, one having the male beak very short, in fact scarcely half as long as body and having as representa- tive species confusor Ham., bacu/i Chit., and the following : B. Towensis n. sp.— Body (¢) larger and a little stouter than in confusor, similar in colour, sculpture and vestiture, except that the medial scales of the pronotum are less hair-like and the elytral striz notably finer, the beak (¢) much stouter, with many longitudinal grooves behind the point of antennal insertion, and, as usual, slightly narrowed before that point, very feebly enlarged toward tip ; antennze inserted well beyond the middle, stouter than in cozfusor, the funicular joints two to four diminish- ing very gradually in length, the second but little longer than the third and much more notably shorter than the first than in confusor ; prothorax as in that species, a third wider than long and sinuously narrowed anteriorly but relatively a little larger ; elytra more obtuse posteriorly; legs longer, the femora strongly and acutely toothed ; fifth ventral feebly and not very definitely impressed and not more sparsely clothed medially ; pygidial pubescence abruptly limited superiorly. Length, ¢, 7.3 mm.; width, 3.3 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 2.6 mm. Iowa (Keokuk). The elytral maculation of darker pale brown scales is very feebly defined ; there is evidence however of the transverse pale band at apical 3 e THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 123 two-fifths, so generally noticeable in confusor and others of this group, and especially conspicuous in zasicus Say. The male beak is less arcuate than in confusor. The second of the two minor sections mentioned above is by far the larger ; it has the male beak short though always distinctly longer than in the preceding, being apparently more than half as long as the body, though perhaps not so if we measure the chord of the arc; it is exemplified by such species as umiformis Lec., and orthorhynchus and Victoriensts, of Chittenden. _ B. Virginicus n. sp.—Form rather stout, convex, dark, the elytra, beak and legs paler and dark testaceous ; vestiture dense, squamiform, brown, with two pale pronotal vittee, the brown patches of the elytra large and irregular to small and tessellatiform; beak in both sexes notably slender, arcuate, moderately except toward base (¢) or strongly, evenly arcuate throughout (dg), not perceptibly enlarged basally, except very feebly at base and not enlarged apically or with larger mandibles in the male ; antenne (¢ ) inserted just behind the middle, or (2 ), just beyond basal fourth, slender, the first funicular joint much longer than the second, - the latter much longer than the third (?), or only just visibly so (¢) ; prothorax transverse, fully two-fifths wider than long, the sides rather arcuate, becoming gradually oblique but only feebly sinuate anteriorly, the punctures strong and dense, the impunctate median line virtually obsolete ; scutellar vestiture finely, longitudinally parted ; elytra of the usual cuneate form, with arcuate sides and exposed humeri, the strize moderate, rather coarser in the male; legs long, the femoral peduncle long and slender, the teeth large and acute; fifth ventral (¢) but feebly modified, scarcely visibly and indefinitely impressed medially but not more glabrous, trapezoidal, the pygidial pubescerce not abruptly delimited superiorly ; fifth ventral (?) broadly ogival. Length, ¢,?, 7.2-7.6 mm.; width, 3.2-3.75 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.6-3.8 mm.; 92, 5.6-6.1 mm. West Virginia. It is barely possible that Mr. Chittenden may have included this species with his series representing pardalis (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, p. 24); but it differs from fardadis in three important particulars, judging from the description: the legs are longer, the beak in the female is relatively much longer and it is not sensibly enlarged at tip in either sex. There are some palpable misprints in Mr. Chittenden’s description, viz.: Page 25, line 4, for apical read basal, and, line 5, for “longer than wide,” read wider than long, 12t THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. B. auctus n. sp.—More elongate than the two preceding, the body deep black, the beak blackish, gradually testaceous apically ; vestiture brown and coarsely hair-like on the pronotum, the entire flanks squamose, the scales pale yellowish ; elytra with moderately dense and very slender brown hair-like scales, sparsely variegated with small and feebly defined condensations of pale yellowish scales; beak (g¢) moderately stout, arcuate beyond the middle, thinner beyond the antenne, the first four funicular joints decreasing almost uniformly and rather rapidly in length ; prothorax fully a fifth wider than long, parallel, obliquely and rapidly narrowed before the middle, strongly, deeply and very closely punctate, the smooth median line extremely narrow; scutellum with the dense vestiture finely parted along the middle ; elytra more elongate, cuneiform, one-half longer than wide, rather accuminate at tip, the sides slightly arcuate, fully twice as long as the prothorax and a third wider, the humeri well exposed ; striz fine, scarcely more than a fourth as wide as the intervals, the latter finely, asperulately punctate but not very closely ; legs rather long, the femoral teeth large and very acute. Length, ¢, 7.0 mm.; width, 3.0 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.6mm. New York (Buffalo). The trapezoidal fifth ventral segment is not notably modified. This species does not seem to have any very close allies ; the prothorax is less constricted apically than in the male of confusor or Jowensis, which also have much shorter beaks ; and the body is narrower and more elongate, with much less transverse prothorax than in the male of Virginicus. The three following species are allied more or less closely to s¢r/ctus ; they have the male rostrum shorter than in Virginicus, but longer and generally more slender than in confusor and Jowensis, being similar to auctus in this respect, but with the prothorax shorter and more transverse and having anteriorly the oblique sides longer and much more sinuate : B. ordinatus n. sp.—Rather stout (¢) but only moderately convex, almost black throughout, the beak nearly black, strongly, evenly arcuate, moderately stout, with the antennze inserted exactly at the middle, slender, the first four funicular joints decreasing uniformly and rather rapidly in length ; vestiture elongate-squamiform, rather dense throughout, pale tawny and not definitely variegated with darker tint, as usual rather more hair-like on the pronotum, except laterally ; prothorax rather small, somewhat less transverse than in the two following, about a third wider than long, the sides in anterior half strongly converging and sinuate, the punctures strong, very dense, the median line very fine; scutellar crust of scales parted medially ; elytra with much exposed and prominent humeri, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 cuneiform, less than one-half longer than wide, with arcuate sides, the Striz moderately coarse, the intervals with asperulate and rather coarse _ but separated punctures; fifth ventral but feebly impressed, not much f ‘modified ; legs moderately long, the peduncle of the anterior femora not very long and rather thick, though longer than in the next species, the ‘teeth large and acute. Length, ¢, 7.2 mm; width, 3.3 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.3mm. Tennessee. z Separable from the next two species by the rather stouter and more _ arcuate beak, having the antennz inserted exactly at the middle ; the beak is gradually feebly tapering and is not sensibly enlarged apicaite The | length of the rostrum in the male of confusor is only about 2.5 mm. BL. Appalachius n. sp.— Not quite so stout as ovdinatus, but with the _ prothorax relatively a little larger and more transverse, the colour paler, the beak testaceous, proportionately somewhat longer and more slender and evenly, though somewhat less strongly, arcuate, not enlarged apically, the antennze (dg) inserted evidently beyond the middle, the first four funicular joints decreasing ; vestiture slender but squamiform, dense, pale tawny-yellow, variegated with brown on the elytra, pale brown and less ‘squamiform on the median parts of the prothorax, which is rather more ‘than a third wider than long, densely punctate, with the sides before the — rapidly converging and strongly sinuate, the apex almost sub- _tubulate ; dense scutellar scales parted narrowly along the middle ; elytra "nearly as in ordinatus but with rather Jess prominent humeri, the legs - similarly rather long and with strong, acute dentition, but with the peduncle of the anterior femora notably short and thick, even shorter than in the preceding; fifth ventral (¢) with median half rather abruptly though feebly impressed and clothed with finer, more transverse hairs. _ Length, g, 6.7-68 mm.; width, 3.15 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.4mm. West Virginia. _ ‘The characters relating to the beak, fifth ventral segment and anterior ‘femora will very readily distinguish this species from ordinatus. One of the two types has the brown tint on the elytra greatly predominating, and, in fact, almost uniform throughout. B. parvicollis n. sp.—Form rather stout, rufo-piceous, the legs and : beak dark testaceous ; vestiture elongate-squamiform, pale tawny and rather dense, more hair-like and sparser in the brownish irregularly trans- — maculations of the elytra; beak (¢) slender, evenly and moderately a not enlarged apically, the antennz slender, inserted slightly behind 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the middle, the second funicular joint shorter than the first, but both ~ proportionately more elongate than in the two preceding species; pro- thorax small, short, two-fifths to nearly one-half wider than long, the sides — rounded medially, subconstricted toward base, strongly, sinuately converg- — ing apically ; densely punctate; scutellum densely, apparently solidly incrusted with scales ; elytra of the same form as in the two preceding, the humeri rather prominent’; strise scarcely more than a fourth as wide as the intervals ; fifth ventral (¢) not modified, except that the tip is dis- tinctly sinuate ; legs rather long, the peduncle of the anterior femora long — and slender, the teeth moderately large, very acute, Length, gf, 5.7-6.2 mm.; width, 2.6-3.0 mm.; length ofrostrum, J, 3.0-3.5 mm. New Jersey. This species resembles the New Mexican strictus very much but is © stouter, and the brown areas of the elytra are more pronounced and clothed more evidently with finer, sparser hair-like scales. Strictus is represented by two females. The two following species belong to the fauna of the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains: BL. Utensis n. sp.— Body stout, rufo-piceous, the legs and beak dark testaceous ; vestiture narrowly squamiform, dense, pale brownish-yellow, variegated on the elytra with irregulaily transverse dark brown macula- tion; beak (¢) rather stout, arcuate, straighter basally, not enlarged apically, the antennz slender, inserted slightly beyond the middle, the second funicular joint only just visibly shorter than the first, much longer” than the third; prothorax small, fully a third wider than long, the sides straight and parallel, rounding and becoming strongly oblique but not sinuate in apical half, strongly and closely punctate ; scutellum narrow, the dense scaly crust finely parted along the middle ; elytra large, cunei- form, with arcuate sides, not one-half longer than wide, the humeri “prominent and much exposed ; strize a third or more as wide as the inter- vals, which are finely, not densely and simply punctate ; fifth ventral ( ¢) feebly impressed and subglabrous medially toward tip, the sides of the impression notably hairy ; legs rather short, the femora stout, strongly toothed, the peduncle of the anterior rather short and thick. Length, ¢, 6.5 mm.; width, 3.15 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.1 mm. Utah (Provo). Well distinguished by the rather short stout legs and male sexual — characters. B. tubulatus n. sp.—Form still stouter, more nearly black, the legs and beak testaceous; vestiture dense, of the usual form, yellowish-— ee: 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ler] cinereous, scarcely at ail variegated with darker tint on the elytra ; beak (9) rather slender, perfectly filiform throughout, not enlarged apically, evenly and strongly arcuate throughout, the antenne inserted slightly behind basal third, slender, the first funicular joint distinctly shorter than the next two combined ; prothorax very short and transverse, rather more than one-half wider than long, the sides evenly arcuate, gradually and strongly converging and sinuate before the middle, the apex subtubulate, dull in lustre, the punctures strong and extremely dense; scutellum densely squamose, with a tendency to fine parting along the median line ; elytra unusually short, not over a third longer than wide, rather obtusely cuneiform, with arcuate sides, the humeri prominent and much exposed ; strize fine, not more than a fourth as wide as the intervals, which are closely but not coarsely punctate ; fifth ventral unmodified, broadly ogival ; legs long, the peduncle of the anterior femora rather long and moderately slender. Length, 2, 7.0 mm.; width, 3.4 mm.; length of rostrum, @, 5.0 mm. Utah (Stockton). While beionging to the strictus type, this species differs greatly in its stouter form, relatively shorter elytra, more transverse prothorax and in numerous other features. Mr. Chittenden (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, p. 22) definitely states as a fact that the form described by me under the name occidentis, is the true uwuiformis, and gives to that which I identified as wxiformis, the name baculi. There is some confusion here ; my specimens were identified directly from LeConte’s material, and, if memory serves, the type in that collection was labelled “‘ Texas,” and was of the dacu/i form, more truly fitting the name wxzformis than the California variegated specimens. (ssc The eyes in many of the Mexican species, and particularly in grypus, are somewhat larger than in the American, and differ notably in having their surface raised above the general surface posteriorly and in having their facets gradually smaller anteriorly ; there seems to be no other very marked structural difference however. Sibintoides, hispidulus, transversus, mica and inermis are more or less isolated species, not closely related to anything described above. Simplex, from El Paso, Texas, is represented at Tu¢son, Arizona, by a form which is almost identical but materially smaller in size and with the pronotal punctures less densely crowded, each 5 bearing a slender strigose scale, which is narrower than in the more © typical form and more isolated.* Tribe CIONINI. Miarus Sch. _ ; The species of this tribe are very abundant in Europe ; but thus far the only genera recognized as occurring in America are represented by single species, which are importations in Vanophyes, Cionus and Gymnetron, but indigenous in AZiarus. Gymnetron teter Fab., as written by LeConte, or fefrum, as given in the recent European catalogue, is abundant and rather widely diffused in our eastern States; it varies enormously in size. In contradistinction to the other genera of the group, Miarus is well represented in America, and our species, as far as known to me, may be described as follows : cd AAR pe) % Prothorax with the erect sparse hairs extremely long. bristling and conspicu- ous. Body stout, oblong, convex, deep black throughout, the sparse vestiture hairy and cinereous ; beak slender, slightly arcuate, similar in the sexes though a little shorter in the male, longer than the head and prothorax in the female; eyes widely separated ; prothorax nearly as~ wide as the elytra, very strongly narrowed from base to apex, with vieteiiindiad oe! ~sS *The species described by Mr. Schzeffer (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1908, p. 219) under the name a/bidus, evidently belongs to the sudcatulus-dulcis type, but is much larger than du/czs, and with a different elytral pattern of large scales. Of T. suturalis Schf., (l.c., p. 218), I have a small specimen from Alpine, Texas ; it would appear to be rather a Szbinza than a Tychius, though these two genera — are not definable very well in the American fauna. It has the outline of the 5 European Szbinia and of our own S. /ulva, and should undoubtedly be associated with the latter species wheresoever they may ultimately be assigned, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 arcuate sides, the punctures coarse and separated ; scutellum as usual with an elevated median part, which is clothed densely with short decumbent hair-like scales ; elytra barely a fifth longer than wide, very broadly, obtusely rounded behind, the striz rather coarse, moderately deep, with coarse and separated punctures, the intervals flat, finely, sparsely punctate and with long erect hairs; under sur- face with erect sparse cinereous hairs, shorter, denser and more decumbent on the mesosternal side-pieces. Length, 2.4-2.8 mm.; width, 1.3-1.55 mm. Mexico (near Colonia Garcia, Sierra Madre Mts., Chihuahua ; elev. 7,300 feet), C. H. T. Townsend. eredus n. sp. Prothorax with the erect hairs short, bristling but not very conspicuous . 2 2—Surface lustre feebly bronzed ; sides of the prothorax as usual con- verging from base to apex but only feebly arcuate. Body ovate, convex, black, clothed with grayish erect hairs ; beak long ; pronotum densely and finely punctate ; elytra shining, with deep ard slightly punctured striz, the intervals nearly flat, rugose and punctulate. Length, 2.0mm. Texas. abe eitwac . Aispidulus Lec. Surface lustre not at all pranzed, fhe Body throtehour een black as usual, the sides of the prothorax converging from base to apex but always strongly arcuate, except in zanus. =a Br ea ene 3—FProthorax strongly transverse, iat little ee ra. twice as sande as long ; erect sparse hairs almost pure white, forming single series on the elytral intervals. Body short, stout, oblong-oval, convex ; beak slender, arcuate, moderately long , prothorax slightly though distinctly narrower than the elytra, closely, moderately coarsely punctate, the sparse white hairs much shorter than those of the elytra and subde- cumbent ; scutellum densely albido-squamulose ; elytra but very little longer than wide, broadly, obtusely rounded behind, the sides parallel and arcuate ; strive rather coarse, deep, strongly and closely but only moderately coarsely punctate, the intervals shining, feebly and sparsely punctato-rugose, the erect white hairs stiff and very conspicu- ous ; under surface densely albido-squamose laterally, except on the abdomen, the scales deeply multifurcate. Length, 1.7-2.0 mm.; width, 1.0-1.25 mm. Kansas. eae ssa nv) » COMSUCIUS NL SD. Prothorax much less transverse, notably less {han twice as wide as long, the sparse erect hairs cinereous, less conspicuous on the elytra than I acc bln tlee ae Cube tae 4 4—Form stout, oval, convex, deep black, without metallic lustre of any kind, the hairs cinereous-gray, short but erect and abundant on the lit THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pronotum, moderately long, sparser, bristling and a little paler on the elytra, interlacing across the suture posteriorly ; sparse scales at the sides of the body beneath plumose ; prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the sides very strongly converging from base to apex and not- ably arcuate, the punctures rather coarse, very dense ; elytra oblong- | oval, slightly longer than wide, much wider than the prothorax, the strie not very coarse and rather shallow, distinctly but not coarsely punctured, the intervals wide, flat, feebly panctato-rugulose. Length, 2:3 mm.; width, 1.4 mm. Massachusetts......... puritanus n.. Sp. Form narrower, more elongate-oval, the prothorax less evidently narrower than the elytra, shorter, nearly three-fourths wider than long, the sides strongly converging throughout and only feebly arcuate, the punctures coarse but rather less crowded, the erect short hairs less abundant ; elytra nearly similar but narrower and with the sparse erect hairs longer, more fulvo-cinereous and less abundant, the strie much deeper and strongly, though not coarsely, punctate, the intervals narrower, less flat, shining, very finely and rather sparsely punctulate ; vestiture at the sides of the body beneath nearly similar. Length, 1.8 mm; width, 1.1 mm. Massachusetts (the locality different from that of puritanus but unrecorded)............ . +0 0c AGRUS DeGiee Form much more elongate-oval aan in any ates fee recorded, convex, black ; beak long and slender, feebly arcuate, much longer than the head and prothorax, with the antenne inserted but little beyond basal third ; prothorax scarcely one-half wider than long, the converging sides strongly arcuate ; punctures moderately small, dense, the vesti- ture abundant, dusky-cinereous, short and somewhat inclined ; elytra elongate-oval, nearly a fifth wider than the prothorax, a fifth or sixth longer than wide, the humeral callus moderately prominent, the striz unusually fine, moderately deep, finely, not closely punctate, the - intervals flat, between three and four times as wide as the strie, shining, sparsely punctate and subrugulose, the erect sparse hairs very stiff but shorter.than usual and more dusky cinereous ; sides of the sterna densely squamose, the scales closely decumbent as usual, brownish-cinereous and finely, closely plumulose ; pygidium large, vertical, deeply punctate. Length, 2.35 mm. width, 1.2 mm. Ui a: EER The name AZzarus hispidulus has been used by Reitter, according to the recent European catalogue, but is preoccupied by LeConte for the above American species, ate THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 NOTES ON THE LARVA OF TAHYMELICUS GARITA REAKIRT. BY ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA, ONT. A female of this interesting little butterfly was received from Mr. T. N. Willing, of Regina, Sask. The specimen was captured on July roth, rgor, and was enclosed in an envelope. It arrived at Ottawa on July 16th, and in the envelope was found one egg, which hatched on the following day, the 17th. The egg when received was of a creamy-white colour and reticulated ; in shape hemispherical ; head of larva plainly distinguishable. The following notes were taken by me on the larva: Stage Z,—Length when hatched, 1.75 mm., at first creamy-white ; after feeding the dorsum is a pale sea-green, the venter a pale whitish-green. Head large, round, flat in front, very slightly bilobed ; minutely pitted ; mouth-parts reddish ; ocelli small and black ; down the front of the face there is a triangular blackish irregular indefinite band, somewhat like those of Smerinthus, but not nearly so distinct. Body cylindrical, tapering slightly towards anal extremity, which is paler than the rest of the body. A faint whitish subdorsal band is present, also an upper lateral, and another between this and the stigmatal fold ; this latter afterwards becomes indistinct. Body bears short, stout, blunt bristles, which turn over some- what at the tip. All the feet are concolorous with venter. On July 23rd there were noticed a thin whitish medio-dorsal line, and also six distinct whitish bands of equal width on either side of the medio- dorsal line. ‘The spiracles are small and brownish ; at this time the body is plump, somewhat arched, falling off rapidly at anal extremity ; the segments are transversely wrinkled. The anal flap bears some whitish bristles of varying lengths. At the above date the larva stopped feeding, and on the 24th the front segments were swollen. On the morning of the 25th it passed the first moult. Stage /7.—Length, 3.4 mm. Head round in outline, flat in front, pale greenish-white ; a little larger than segment 2; slight furrow down centre of face to clypeus ; hairs, or bristles, on face numerous, short and black ; mouth-parts pale brownish ; ocelli small and black. Body cylin- drical, plump, tapering to anal extremity. The dorsum falls off abruptly from segment g to anal end, giving an arched appearance to the body. Whoie body green, almost same shade as grass upon which it is feeding, April, rgr0 146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. viz.: Kentucky Blue Grass ( Poa pratensis L.), the venter being paler than the dorsum. Bristles on body black and very short. Anal and 2nd segments paler than rest of the body. Segments transversely wrinkled as before, but not so conspicuously. The medio-dorsal line and the six lateral stripes are the same as in the end of last stage, all white. There are in all seven stripes on either side of the medio-dorsal line, including the. stigmatal stripe. The space between the medio-dorsal line and the first stripe on either side is wider than the space between the other stripes, and unless examined with a lens this space appears as a wide dorsal band, on account of the medio-dorsal line being inconspicuous, and the white of the stripes on sides giving a whitish appearance to the whole larva. Stigmatal band very wide, with a yellowish tinge. Thoracic feet semi-translucent ; prolegs concolorous with venter. The second moult was passed on August 2nd. Stage J77.—Length, 5.5 mm. The larva in this stage is much the © same as it was in Stage II. Head a little paler green than body ; ocelli small, black, on a whitish prominence; mouth-parts yellowish ; whole surface of head has a roughened appearance and bears minute short black bristles ; around the mouth-parts are some slender pale hairs. The stripes on the body on either side of the medio-dorsal line are not so regular in width as in last stage. The rst and 2nd from medio-dorsal line are much wider than the 3rd, 4th and sth, (the ‘2nd being wider than the rst,) and appear as bands: The 6th and 7th are wide, of about equal width, but the 6th is rather inconspicuous, the 7th, the most conspicuous of all, being of a bright whitish colour. The others are more or less tinged with yellow. The sixth stripe is the stigmatal stripe. Spiracles small, yellowish, ringed with brown and situated in the centre of the 6th, or stigmatal stripe. On segment 12 the spiracle is in the centre of the 5th stripe ; on segment 2 on lower edge of the 6th, or stigmatal stripe. The whole body bears short black bristles, as on head. All the feet corcolorous with venter ; lower half of thoracic feet semi-translucent. On August r4th the larva moulted for the third time. Stage /V.—Length, 7 mm. The larva in this stage is about the same as it was in the two previous stages. Head, 1 mm. wide, rounded, uni- formly punctate, slightly larger than segment 2, and paler green than skin of body ; short bristles as before. The body is shaped as before, the medio-dorsal line and the markings on either side are the same as in last stage, the 2nd stripe being much wider than the rst, 3rd, 4th and sth, and Oe EEE PR Mt ct a FP ys eS ATONE FEAF gayi" Ar tree Beet r Q-S) atl THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 nearly as wide as the stigmatal and 7th band. Spiracles yellowish, ringed with brown. The 7th band is the most conspicuous mark on the body, being distinctly whitish in colour, with a bluish tint. The extremity of the anal flap has a few pale blunt bristles, which protrude straight out- wards. All the feet concolorous with the venter, as before. Unfortunately, on Sept. 13th the larva died. At this date it was only a little longer than the above measurement, viz., 8 mm. long. In view of this it would seem possible that the larva hibernates in this stage. During the above stages it was fed only on Kentucky Blue Grass, (Poa pratensis L.) I have delayed the publication of the above notes, hoping that further material would turn up for study, but this I have not been able to obtain. SOME HETEROPTERA FROM VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA. BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO AND G. P, ENGELHARDT. In July and August of this year the junior author made a collecting trip in Virginia and North Carolina, and he took with other things a small number of Heteroptera, among them somie of great interest. In general, the little collection is striking on account of the number of characteristically Southern forms in it. These number 14, out ofa total of 39 species taken. The majority, as may be seen, is made up of species familar to us in this region. Pentatomide. Mormidea lugens Fab. Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, two specimens; Linville Falls, N. C. Fa) > ? ’ Aug. 15, one specimen. This is common everywhere. Solubea pugnax Fab. Wilkesboro, N. C., Aug. 9, one specimen ; Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen. Fairly common in meadows and open woods. A species sometimes found about New York. Previously recorded from North Carolina, but seemingly not from Virginia. Euschistus ictericus Linn. Elizabeth City, North Carolina, July 24. A specimen with very prominent pronotal angles. This is presumably a Northern form, but has already been recorded from North Carolina. A number were observed along the swampy margin of a bayou running through a cypress swamp, where they were resting on the leaves of water-lilies and other plants, some mating. April, 1910 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. E. servus Say. Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, one specimen. Of interest mainly on account of the locality. Taken sweeping along the canal. E. servus Say ? var. ? Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen. E. fissilis Uhl. Wilkesboro, N. C., Aug. 9, one specimen. Apparently not hereto- fore recorded from North Carolina. Taken in pastures by sweeping. Thyanta custator Fab. Three specimens, one each from Blowing R., N. C., Aug. 13 ; Smith’s Island, Aug. 3, and Wilmington, Aug. 1. This is widely distributed throughout the United States. Murgantia histrionica Hahn. Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen. A purely Southern bug, although at times it has been noted in New Jersey under exceptional con- ditions. This, the only specimen taken, was swept near the seashore. Nezara hilaris Say. Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, one specimen. This is larger than the usual run in this locality. This was found dead in a spider-web. Dendrocoris fructicicola Bergr. Wilmington, N. C.; Aug. 1, two specimens. Not previously recorded from the State. Beaten from young oaks. Banasa Packardii Stal. Smith’s Island, N. C., Aug. 3. habitat on the ninth of August. The condition of the females, still bright and fresh and more numerous than five days before, two pairs in copula- tion and only slight evidence of oviposition (only two eggs having been found on a large lot of /rwticosa), emphasized the late flight of the species. Sixty females were collected, and I find that the most noticeable difference between this series of females and those taken in Southern Michigan lies in the predominant amount of yellow in the northern ones (form florus). There is not a specimen in the lot that does not show an indication of yellow, while in about one-fourth of them it is conspicuous in a nearly complete band adjacent to the outer side of the transverse row of black spots. In the others there are various gradations in the amount of yellow down to an almost entire absence of that colour, This is in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 contrast to the conditions in Southern Michigan, where the form of the female without any yellow is the usual one, the intergrades with varying amounts of yellow coming next and those with the nearly complete band occurring comparatively rarely. The bright effect in those specimens of foorus with the yellow predominating is heightened by an extension of the line of orange crescents from anal angle along the outer border ; three, and sometimes four, well-marked crescents in such cases may be counted. In typical dorcas from Southern Michigan these crescents are practically obliterated, and in forus reduced to one or two, rarely three. A form of the female which had not previouly been met with was found in the Waucedah habitat. There were seven examples collected, two of which are particularly noteworthy. In these, the ground colour is of a uniformly lighter shade of brown than in the ordinary form, the entire surface of both wings is more or less stippled with a darker brown, the black dots are less conspicuous because of the stippling, the orange crescent at the anal angle is nearly obsolete, and the yellow on the fore wings is merely indicated. The other five present these differences less prominently and grade into the normal form, but four of them exhibit more or less of the yellow of fforuws. None of the males show any note- worthy variations, but I might add that I have one male from Oakland County in which there is a slight stippling in the darker, outer portion of the hind wings. The distribution of efzxanthe in Michigan is virtually unknown, except as it may be partially inferred from the presence of cranberry bogs, in the vicinity of which it occurs. Personally, I believe it will be found at many points in the State, both north and south. A number of years ago this species was reported from Grand Rapids,* but evidently in error for dorcas. It has also been stated as occurring on Isle Royale, but this “again appears to be a doubtful record. The late Dr. Fletcher, quoted in the 1909 Isle Royale Report, says of ep7xanthe :+ “This is the only species I have some doubts about. ‘There is no doubt that some of the records of epAixanthe should be of the rare and little-understood species dorcas, which occurs in the Lake Superior region and into Manitoba. It is easily distinguished from efzvanthe by its slightly larger size and the brilliant orange wash on the under surface. Lfixanthe *Robt. H. Wolcott: Butterflies of Grand Rapids, Mich., CAN. ENT., Vol. XXV, p. 103. tAn Ecological Survey of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Chas. C. Adams, 1909. Published as part of the Report of the Board of Geological Survey of Michigan for 1908, p. 274. 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. I have only actually taken myself in Ontario. Dorcas I have from Nepigon on Lake Superior, the Bruce Peninsula and from Manitoba, west of that the form, for it is hardly a variety, forws, which is really only a dimorphic form of /e//ordes, occurs, and has, I think, sometimes been recorded as epixanthe. The reference of florus to dorcas instead of helloides as a variety, which’ was done by Dr. Dyar, has, in my opinion, no reason in it at all.” This is a mistake. /Vorus does not belong to he//oides ; it is simply a form of dorcas, and occurs only in the female sex. Why Dr. Fletcher should have been in doubt as to the identification of epixanthe is not clear, unless he failed to see all the specimens, for four were reported as captured, and it would seem as though some one of them would have been recognizable. Epixanthe was located in Dickinson County in at least two places, and possibly in a third. It was first found at Tomahawk Lake (PI. V, figs. 2 and 3), a small lake of about ten acres extent, just west of Brown Lake. Surrounding the lake was a typical black spruce and tamarack bog, from which the higher vegetation was largely removed by the fierce forest fires of the preceding season, which had left only a few trees and a margin of unburnt vegetation a few feet to forty or fifty feet wide at the water’s edge. Within this area grew a variety of bog plants and a goodly amount of cranberry. : Epixanthe was first detected in this bog on July gth. It was in its prime from about the 11th to the 17th, on each of which dates and on the rsth a fair number were observed flying.. Males were always more numerous than females, in the proportion of four or five to one. The last seen at Tomahawk Lake were on the 30th, when three or four worn males and one female were observed. On August 18th a belated female was met with near Tamarack Lake, about two miles south of Brown Lake. A brief search resulted in the finding of some cranberry nearby. The third instance in which the species was probably cetected was on July 24th, when a small butterfly, which I took to be ef7xanthe, was flushed out, but not captured, in a cedar-tamarack swamp not far from Brown Lake ; cranberry was also growing there. The butterflies of efzxanthe were very uniform, and differed from specimens from other localities only in a slight difference in the colour of the under surface. ‘This wasa purer, chalky-white, especially on the hind wings, than in specimens from Ottawa, Canada, and Lakewood, New Jersey, examples from the last named place being decidedly yellowish. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 Helloides, as was to be expected, was found at several points, although nowhere commonly, the greatest number seen on any one day being six or seven at Foster City. It was also observed at Norway, - Waucedah, Brown Lake, Tomahawk Lake, Jackson Lake, etc. There were two generations, the first one being met with during the latter part of June and the first part of July, the second one in fresh specimens on August 9th and 14th. Michigan is the most eastern State in which the species has yet been found, although Dickinson County is in about the same longitude (87°-88° west) as Lake County, in the north-western part of Indiana, where /e//oides is also known. This is a western butterfly, and its occurrence in the Upper Peninsula is an addition to the western element in the fauna of that region. Two other species of the genus, Zypophleas and thoé, were also met with in the County, but not at any time in numbers. WISCONSIN BEES—NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES. BY S. GRNICHER, PUBLIC MUSEUM, MILWAUKEE. (Continued from page 104.) Anthidium, Yabr. Anthidium ( Protanthidium) Chippewaense, n. sp. g.—Length about 15 mm. Black, with bright yellow markings. Body closely punctured all over, especially so on head and thorax, clothed with fulvous pubescence on vertex, mesonotum and pleurze, and whitish pubescence on face and thorax underneath. Scutellum slightly bilobed. Clypeus and sides of face whitish-yellow. Apical margin of clypeus with a row of five small black teeth. Mandibles whitish-yellow with black tips. A yellow line behind the eye above, and markings of the same colour on the following parts of the body: A line on posterior margin of tubercle, a spot at base and two spots near the apex (one in each corner) of each tibia on its outer surface ; outer surfaces of all the metatarsi ; dorsal bands on abdominal segments 1 to 6, interrupted on 1. These bands border on the narrow depressed black apical margins of the segments. They are very narrow in the middle of segments 1 to 4, broaden out laterally, and show a distinct emargination anteriorly on each side of band 1 to 4. On segment 5 the band is broad, on 6 still broader, taking up the greater part of the segment, deeply emarginated anteriorly in the middle. Dorsum of segment 7 entirely black, truncate at apex, with rounded corners, a median carina, and ending in a median distinct tooth. May, tg10 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ¢.—Somewhat smaller than the male, but of the same general appearance. Clypeus and sides of face of the same bright yellow colour — as the markings of other parts of the body. Face-marks narrowing above, and extending up along the anterior orbits to a greater distance than in the male. Mandibles entirely black. A line behind the eye above, a spot on each side of the thorax just above the anterior half of the tegulz,’ and two spots on the scutellum yellow. Scutellum not bilobed. Tibiz with a yellow spot on the outer surface near the base. Inner surfaces of metatarsi with fulvous pubescence. Yellow continuous bands on abdo- minal segments 1 to 5, not reaching the sides of the segments, narrow in the middle, broadened laterally, slightly emarginate on the outer borders of bands 3 to 5. Band on segment 1 interrupted in one of the specimens. Ventral scopa light fulvous. Types: August 3, 1909, Indian village at the juncture of the Lower Tamarack and St. Croix Rivers, Pine Co., Minnesota. On the flowers of Rudbeckia laciniata. (Nos. 31757 and 31758.) : Paratypes: ‘Three ?’s taken between July 28 and August 2 on the Wisconsin side of the St. Croix River, near the mouth of the Yellow River in Burnett Co. These specimens were collected from the flowers of Rudbeckia hirta. This species is very similar to Protanthidium — Cockerelli Vitus, occurring in Colorado. Flalictus Watr. Hatictus Vierecki Craw. ‘ Hi. Vierecki Crawford, Ent. News, XV, 79, 9. 4,.—Length about 4 mm. Head and mesonotum dull metallic-green, pleure of the same brassy colour as head and thorax in the female. Abdomen more reddish than in the female, with blackish clouds, especially on the last four segments. Pubescence whitish throughout, notably on the face (golden-yellow in the female). Antennz long and slender, scape and first joint of flagellum dark brown, the remaining joints testaceous on their lower surfaces, brown above. Legs darker than in the female. One ¢ (No. 29435), mouth of Yellow River, Burnett Co., Wis., taken between July 28 and 31, 1909, on the flowers of Ceanothus Amert- canus. Nineteen ?’s were obtained in the same locality during the same period, as also at Randall, Burnett Co., Wis., from Aug. 5 to 7, 1909, from the flowers of Ceanothus Americanus and Solidago gramintfolia. They were collected by the Milw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped., and are all in the collection of the Museum, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 159 This species, which was described from female specimens found in New Jersey and the District of Columbia, has a wide range of distribution. It is not uncommon in north-western Wisconsin at the points mentioned, and a few years ago I received, through the kindness of Mr. Hartmann, of Austin, Tex., four female specimens from that locality. Sphecodes Latr. Sphecodes Davisii Rob. S. Davisii Robertson, Trans. St. Louis Ac. Sc., VII, 319, 3. 4.—Nine specimens from 7 to ro mm. in length. In some of these the black on the basal portion of the first abdominal segment takes up nearly the entire segment, leaving only a narrow apical strip of red. Second segment entirely red, third either entirely red or with a black apical _ margin. 9 .—Head dull, closely punctured. A prominent median ridge from the front ocellus down to the base of the antennz. Mandible with a very distinct tooth. Antenne rather short and thickened towards the tip, black, with a slight trace of reddish underneath. Mesonotum dull, strongly and closely punctured, on the disk, however, as also on the scutellum, where the punctures are farther apart, the surface is somewhat shining. A dis- tinct rim bordering the semicircular enclosure of the metathorax. Enclosure, truncation and sides of the metathorax all coarsely sculptured, Wings not as clear as in the male, and nervures darker. Abdomen red, sometimes with a blackish hue around the tip. First segment shining and impunctate. Remaining segments finely and closely punctured, except on the depressed apical borders of segments 2 to 4. Length, 8 to ro mm. Fourteen @ specimens from Milwaukee, Racine and Washington Cos. in Wisconsin, and one 2 from Ludington, Mason Co., Michigan. In size, sculpture and opaque appearance of head and thorax the female of this species, which isa Sphecodes sens. strict., as defined by Robertson, resembles two other species of the Milwaukee region, viz.: S. ( Proteraner) ranuncult Rob., and S. (Drepanium) falcifer Patton. Andrena Vabr. Andrena FPeckhami Ckll. A. Peckhami Cockerell, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, IX, 105, ?. 9.—The type is about 8% mm. long, but the length may reach 1o mm. d.—Length, 7-8 mm. Head very large, clothed with long white hairs. Face broad, shining, anterior border of clypeus slightly emarginate. Mandibles long and curved, dentate, rufous at apex. Antenne black, 160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. joint 3 about equal to 4+5. Cheeks broad and subquadrate, shining, slightly convex, with an upturned rim along the hind margin, and a rounded lower angle situated below the middle of the eye. Thorax shin- ing, covered with long and soft white pubescence, intermixed with short and black pubescence on the mesonotum. Abdomen shining, with dis- tinct apical bands of white hair on segments 2 to 4, widely interrupted on 2. - Eleven ¢ specimens from Milwaukee, the type locality. Besides, I have taken both sexes at Cedar Lake, Washington Co., Wis., and at various points along the St. Croix River in north-western Wisconsin, from the Nemakagon River in Burnett Co., on down to Farmington Township in Polk Co. (Milw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped.) As Prof. Cockerell has remarked (loc. cit., p. 105), this species is very close to A. parnassie Ckll., but the latter makes its appearance later, around the last week in August, and visits exclusively the flowers of Parnassia caroliniana. A. Peckhami, on the other hand, flies from the second week in July on to near the middle of August, and visits especially the flowers of the Composite. In the type specimens, as stated by Prof. Cockerell, the first recurrent nervure joins the second submarginal cell at its middle in favnassie, and considerably beyond the middle in Peckhami, but a series of specimens shows these characters as being variable, and therefore not reliable in separating the two. The presence of distinct abdominal hair-bands in the male of /Peckhami distinguishes it from the male of pavnassi@, and the two differ besides in the shape of the cheeks, which are subquadrate in /eckamz, subtriangular, with a distinct angle above the middle of the eye in parnassie. . Andrena clypeonitens Ckll. A. clypeonitens Cockerell, Can. Ent., XXXIV, 47, 9. ¢.—Length about 9mm. Black, with ochreous pubescence as in the female ; head, abdomen and legs shining, thorax dull. Antenne black, joint 3 slightly longer than 5, the latter equalling 4. Mandibles long and curved, black, notched near the apex. Cheeks broad, shining, subtrian- gular, with a reflexed hind margin and a distinct angle slightly above the middle of the eye. Legs black, posterior tarsi somewhat ferruginous. Abdomen with bands of short ochreous hair on the posterior margins of segments 2 to 4 in one of the specimens (No. 31727, Milwaukee, August 18, 1908) ; in the second (No. 29014, Nemakagon River, Burnett Co., Wis., July 25, 1909), these bands are not developed. Both males in the collection of the Milw. Publ. Museum. This bee has been found also at Cedar Lake, Washington Co., Wis, ad THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 NOTES ON A FEW SCOLYTIDZ. BY J. M. SWAINE, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUEBEC. The three American species of Xy/eborus, pyri Zimm., tachygraphus Zimm., and obesus Lec., form a well-defined group among the described American species of the genus. They are distinguished by the short, stout form, and by the peculiar minute and humpbacked males. These species have been separated as the genus Anisandrus F., and by others as the subgenus Anisandrus. In view of intermediate forms the separation of these species as a distinct genus would hardly seem warranted. The genus Xy/eborus, as at present constituted, however, contains about 240 species, and subgenera would be convenient. I consider the forms named above, together with the species described in this paper, as belonging to the subgenus Axnisandrus. Dr. LeConte has described the antennal funicle of these species as “4-jointed.” This is certainly an error. The funicle is distinctly 5-segmented, with the first segment large and sub- globular. In N. Y. State Museum Bulletin, 134, plate 13, fig. 42, the description should read: ‘‘Part of antennal funicle and antennal club.” Pyri Zimm., has long been considered a synonym of the European form, dispar abr. From a careful comparison of American and Euro- pean specimens I feel satisfied that all belong to one species, but I find in my specimens slight but constant differences. In the American speci- mens the minute reticulations of the chitin are so developed that the body is quite opaque, but little shining ; in the European specimens these reticulations are less developed, and the body is decidedly shining. The American males have the first three interspaces of the elytral disk rough, with transverse ridges ; the European males have these interspaces nearly smooth. From my specimens it would appear that Ayrz Zimm., is a variety of dispar Fabr. If these differences are found to be constant, they have perhaps been developed since fruit trees were first brought to America. Of the other two described American species, ¢achygraphus appears to be quite distinct. The original description of Zimmerman is here quoted : “X. tachygraphus Zimm.— Long, 1% lin.; brown ; antennz and feet ferruginous-yellow ; prothorax not longer than wide, roughly tuberculate, more coarsely in front than behind, thinly pubescent ; elytra short cylin- drical, behind obtusely rounded, punctate-striate, the intervals also punctured, with fine rows of hairs, and behind also with small elevated May, rg10 162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, teeth. North Carolina. (This species is also found in Pennsylvania,— Lec.)” The females are readily distinguished from those of the allied species by the granulations of the caudal half of the pronotum and the teeth of the declivital interspaces. The pronotum appears almost square from above, and the entire disk is rough; with large flattened spines in front, reduced to small flattened granules behind. The elytra are 1% times as long as the pronotum ; sides straight to beyond the bend of the declivity ; sutural strie more strongly impressed, particularly on the declivity ; second and third interspaces wider on the declivity and each bearing three or four acute denticles, those of the second larger; the outer interspaces each with a few acute granules. I have not seen males of this species. I have never seen a specimen which I could reconcile with Dr. LeConte’s description of odesus, quoted below. Apparently it has the general characters of dispar, about the same length, 3 mm., but a much stouter form and more widely-spaced elytral punctures. It cannot be the form here described as serratus—the teeth of the declivital ridge in serratus () are very distinct. It may be a large variety of the form here described as minor ; that can only be determined by an examination of the type. It cannot, of course, be the male of dspar, for the length given for obesus 1s entirely too great. Original description of X. obesus Lec, (LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1868, page 159): ‘“X. obesus.—Short and stout, cylindrical, blackish-brown, thinly clothed with long, soft, erect pale hairs, antennz reddish-brown ; head convex, coarsely but not densely punctured ; pro- thorax rather broader than long, strongly roughened with subacute tubercles in front, nearly smooth behind; elytra with rows of large punctures, not very closely set, intervals flat, marked with small distant punctures, from which proceed the long hairs ; tip obliquely. declivous, not tuberculate, but with the striz somewhat impressed, and the side and tip acutely margined, as in the two preceding species. Long, 3 mm. Virginia, Massachusetts and Canada. Differs from the two preceding by its much stouter form and by the absence of the small acute tubercles of the declivous tip of the elytra.” Xyleborus serratus, n. sp.—Female: Length, 34%-3% mm.; width, 14%-1% mm. Black, and sparsely clothed with long, slender grayish hairs, which are shorter on the disk of the pronotum. It is closely allied to dispar (2), but differs in the following characters: It is larger and AON me THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 stouter ; the front is more shining, with the epistomal carina often more strongly developed. The disk of the pronotum is more shining behind. The elytra bear regular rows of punctures, which are smaller than those of dispar, and not so closely placed. In serratus the diameter of the punctures is almost always distinctly less than the distance between the punctures in the rows. (In dispar the diameter of the punctures is usually equal to or greater than the distance between the punctures in the rows ; this is more noticeable near the suture.) These punctures bear very minute hairs. The interspaces bear in front minute punctures, which are replaced behind by small granules. From these punctures and granules arise the long hairs with which the elytra are clothed. The seventh inter- space is raised behind into an acute,'serrate ridge, which forms the ventral margin of the deciivity on the sides. This ridge bears three or four acute, curved, separated spines and several smaller acute granules. This ridge is present also in @zspar, but is not so strongly raised, not so acute, and though usually slightly crenulate, and sometimes with one or two minute granules, is never at all serrate. In serratus the fifth abdominal sternite has the punctures of the median area much smaller and sparser than those on the sides, and the anterior margin of the fourth sternite is usually nearly smooth. In dispar the abdominal sternites are usually equally punctured. In serratus the anterior tibiz are wider than in d@spar, and with the teeth longer and more closely placed. Aside from these differences, the scu!p- ture of serratus (9) agrees closely with that of dspar. Male: Length, 124-134 mm. Front moderately convex, sometimes with a slight median impression, shining, with punctures sparse and small across median area, but close on epistomal margin ; hairs long and slender, with dense fringe of shorter yellow hairs along epistomal margin. The pronotum is father sparsely clothed with long slender hairs. The outline from above is subcircular, very slightly narrowed in front and broadly rounded in front and behind. The cephalic asperations are very minute. The caudal half is finely punctured, with a smooth median space of variable extent. ‘The elytra are sparsely hairy, with long hairs from the interspaces, and with rows of widely-separated punctures (much as in, the ?) bearing short hairs ; interspaces with small punctures, and minute granules behind. The interspaces are not much roughened. The ridge of the seventh interspace on the declivity is, as in the allied males, not much developed, with a few small granules, but no teeth. ‘The tibiz are more slender than in the female and with fewer teeth. The venter is sparsely and coarsely punctured. In Betu/a /utea, diseased trees, Ste, Anne de Bellevue, Que.; St. Hilairé, Que. 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, There is a smaller form belonging to this subgenus which may be obesus Lec., but which is constantly much smaller than the length, 3 mm., given by Dr. LeConte. Among many specimens of this smaller form collected in Quebec and New York State I find no considerable variation in size, 21%{-2%4 mm. long. I present here a description of these small specimens as X. obesus, variety minor. Xyleborus obesus, variety minor.—Female: Length, 24-214 mm.; width : length :: 60: 137 (average of pinned specimens.) Front convex, - punctured and sparsely hairy, with epistomal fringe, median carina very faint. Pronotum, outlined from above, slightly wider than long (60: 50-55), truncate behind, very slightly rounded on the sides and very broadly rounded in front ; asperate in front and sparsely punctured behind, with the faintest trace of a median carina; sparsely hairy. Elytra : width : length :: 60: 80 (average); hairy, slender hairs from the interspaces ; rows of punctures very slightly impressed, noticeably so on the declivity ; punctures of the rows more widely spaced than in dispar, the distance between the punctures in the rows usually greater than the diameter of the punctures ; the interspaces wide, with irregular, very fine punctures replaced by minute granules behind ; the seventh interspace ridged behind and forming the ventral margin of the declivity, as in dispar, but with a few acute granules. Male: ‘The front is sparsely punctured and with long hairs. The carina is slightly developed. ‘The epistomal fringe is longer and thinner than in serratus (¢). The asperations of the pronotum are sparse but well developed ; the caudal half is punctured as usual, but the smooth median space is absent in my specimens; the outline from above is broadly rounded in front and behind, more strongly narrowed in front than in serratus (3), but not so strongly as in dispar (2); sparsely hairy, as in serratus. Elytra much as in serratus (dg), hairy, and with rows of widely-spaced punctures. In- Betula lutea, B. populifolia, Acer, diseased trees. Montreal Island, St. Hilaire, Que.; Ithaca, N. Y. Xyleborus dispar ¥.—Male: Length, 2 mm. _ Front nearly opaque, punctured and hairy, much as in serratus ( g ), but with the median carina of the 9 distinct. The pronotum is coarsely asperate in front, but slightly less so than in the 9, punctured behind, and with a distinct smooth median space. The long hairs are developed only on the sides, the hairs of the disk being very short. The outline of the pronotum from above is strongly narrowed in front and narrowly rounded. The elytra also have the disk nearly naked, the long hairs forming a fringe around THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165 the sides and behind. The rows of punctures are slightly impressed, so that the elytra is faintly striate. The punctures are large, deeply im- pressed, and as closely placed as in the female. The interstrial punctures and granules are much as in the female. Kry TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS ANISANDRUS FERR. A. Body stout, cylindric ; hind wings well developed........ Females. B. Pronotum rough throughout, asperations in front, granules behind ; elytral declivity with teeth on 2nd and 3rd inter- SG Siar Gie oso! a's 2 "ose yet Sata .....lachygraphus Zimm. BB. Pronotum nearly smooth behind, 2nd and 3rd _ interspaces of the elytra without teeth. C. The ridge formed on the declivity by 7th interspace strongly and sparsely toothed...... serratus, 0. Sp. CC. The above ridge not toothed. D. Length, 3 mm. to 344 mm.; pronotum as long as wide; punctures of elytral striz closely placed, the distance between the punctures equal to or less than the diameter of the PUUERC PIRES WA ise SA Stcts, oa accra ghdha oss dispar F. DD. Length, 24%-2'4 mm.; pronotum wider than long, width: length :: 6: 5 ; outline of prono- tum from above very broadly rounded in front and truncate behind; punctures of elytral striz more closely placed, distance between punctures usually greater than diameter of‘punctures. ...5.. 2.5.20. minor.* AA. Body much smaller, fa¢tened, hump-backed and oval in outline from aueves wines very small, functionless.....0............ Males. B. Pronotum and elytra with central portion with only very short hairs, elytra striate, punctures closely placed, regular, inter- spaces with large granules behind.......... sv< .@ispar FE. BB. Body entirely clothed with long hairs above; elytra with rows of punctures, punctures more widely spaced, variably irregular behind, interspaces with the granules very small. C. Pronotum with very minute asperations; larger, Pee GMOMANAN natin tts wales nes 2 ses serratus, N. Sp. CC. Pronotum with sparse, well-developed asperations in ome -.smialler, 1-1 4° mM. is 5s aha nid anes MEMNOF.™ *A variety of obesus Lec. (?) 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. TWO NEW SPECIES OF PENTATOMIDA FROM NEBRASKA. BY J. T. ZIMMER, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, While working over the material contained in the collection of the University of Nebraska, two undescribed species of Pentatomide have thus far come to my notice. Family PENTATOMID2. Subfamily Cydnine. = - Annectus pallidus, n. sp. (Fig. to, a, b, C). . General appearance of A. pusi//us Uhler. Colour flavo-testaceous. Head rounded ; tylus very slightly exceeding juga, and with four terminal comb-teeth ; juga, each with five comb-teeth ; head coarsely punctured. Margins of pronotum convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, distinctly Fic. Kos Aes aa n. sp.—a, Entire in- Fic, 11.—Euschistus latimar- sect (x 16); b, Head (greatly enlarged); c, ginatus,n. sp. (x 2.5. Anterior leg (greatly enlarged). impressed, transverse line posteriorly ; back of this line and on lateral submargin distinctly, coarsely punctured ; punctures on rest of pronotum finer, less distinct, with the exception of a submarginal row of smal) but distinct punctures on anterior edge, as in 4. subferrugineus Hope, and another such row along posterior margin. Scutellum with large, distinct punctures ; basal impunctate margin separated from punctate portion by distinct, transverse, impressed line. Corium rather heavily punctate, exceeding abdomen in length; posterior margin trisinuate. Abdomen May, 1910 i 2 = sale Wegener hae i aa THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 with prostrate pubescence. Legs flavo-testaceous; tibia armed with spines, those on anterior tibiz stouter, piceous. Anterior femora (at least in 2) with large arcuate, bifid teeth as in 4. sfinifrons (Say). Antenne - flavo-testaceous ; second joint small, third joint longest, fourth and fifth joints equal. Length (9), 2.75 mm.; humeral breadth (9), 1.25 mm. Type, 1 9, South-east Nebraska (L. Bruner), in University of Nebraska collection, ‘This small form is easily recognized by the bifid tooth on the anterior femora, by the size, and by the number of comb-teeth on the juga. Subfamily Pentatomine. Euschistus latimarginatus, n. sp. (Fig. 11.) General appearance of Z. fiss/is Uhler, but form much _ broader posteriorly, Colour pale yellow, distinctly punctured with fuscous or black, the punctures tending more or less to coalesce and group themselves _ irregularly, especially along the latero-anterior pronotal submargins, the margins being calloused, impunctate, pale. Juga longer than the tylus, leaving the apex of the head distinctly incised as in Z. fissi/is Uhler. Antenne pale at base, fifth and distal half of fourth joint blackish; second, third, fourth and fifth joints subequal, longer than the first joint; first joint reaching at least as far as distal end of tylus. Latero-anterior margins of pronotum concave; humeral angles prominent, subacute. Tip of scutellum paler, impunctate. Membrane immaculate. Hemelytra much narrower than the abdomen, leaving connexivum exposed. Connexivum broad, calloused, pale, ferming a conspicuous lateral margin to abdomen when viewed dorsally. Legs dotted with fuscous. Venter more or less distinctly punctured ; punctures on pectus larger and more distinct than those on abdomen. Angles of ventral abdominal segments darker, but without conspicuous black points. Length (@), 14.5-15 mm.; humeral breadth ( 2 ), 8-9.5 mm.; breadth of abdomen (9 ), 8 mm. Type, t 9, Dewey Lake Township, Cherry Co., Nebraska, June (R. H. Wolcott). Paratypes, two ?’s, Brady Island, Nebraska, May, 1896 (L. Bruner) ; 1 9, Dismal River, Nebraska, July, 1889 (L. Bruner); 1 2, Halsey, Nebraska, June, 190-, (L. Bruner, J. C. Crawford). Type and paratypes in University of Nebraska collection. — This form is very readily recognized by the head with the apex incised, by the broad, pale, exposed connexivum, and by the immaculate membrane. It is a sand-hills form, Dewey Lake Township, Brady Island, Dismal River and Halsey being situated in typical sand-hill country. So far, all specimens taken have been females. 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW GELECHIA INQUILINOUS IN CECIDOMYIID GALLS. — BY AUGUST BUSCK, WASHINGTON. D. C. Gelechia inguilinella, new species. Labial palpi normal for the genus, with moderate furrowed brush, longest at base, gradually shorter towards the tip of second joint ; second — joint white, strongly sprinkled with blackish fuscous scales ; terminal joint — nearly as long as second, blackish fuscous, slightly sprinkled with white, Antenne slightly serrated, bluish-black, each joint spotted with white on the under side. Face light steel-gray; head darker gray, tipped with black. Thorax blackish fuscous. Fore wings with whitish ground colour, but so heavily overlaid with bluish-black and dark fuscous scales as to appear blackish-fuscous to the naked eye. On the middle of the cell is a small, obscure, ill-defined black spot ; on the fold below and at the end of the cell are similar equally obscure black spots, both slightly edged by a few dark ochreous scaies. Cilia light gray. Hind wings broader than the fore wings, light shining fuscous ; cilia still lighter, with an ochreous tint. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs blackish fuscous, with the tuft on the posterior tibial light straw-coloured. Venation typical; hind wings with 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 short-stalked. Alar expanse, 14-15 mm. Habitat : Karner, New York. Issued March 24, 1g1o. Type, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 131109. , ‘‘ Bred from brassicoides gall of Cecidomyiid on willow ” (Felt). Received from Dr. E, P. Felt, who has asked me to publish this description for his use in connection with his work on Cecidomyiide. The species is an obscure looking, typical Gelechia, nearest in coloration and oral parts to Gelechia pravinominel/a Chambers. OBITUARY. The Rev. Jeremiah Lott Zabriskie, well known for his work in Ento- mology and Microscopy, died at his home in Brooklyn, N. Y., on April 2, at the age of seventy-five years. He was an active and much-esteemed member of the New York Entomological Society. May, i910 ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 SOME NEW AMERICAN BEES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Dioxys pomone, Nn. sp. ¢.—Length hardly 7 mm.; black, the thick flagellum dull reddish beneath, eyes sage-green, tegul entirely piceous, wings strongly dusky ; subapical lateral spines of the abdomen sharp and conspicuous. By its small size and general appearance this suggests D. Rohwer Ckll., com- pared with which it is more robust, with the head and thorax broader and less hairy, the tegule without red (largely red in Rohwer), the wings considerably darker, the abdomen much more coarsely punctured, and with acute subapical spines. Compared with D. Aarti CkIl., it is smaller, with narrower abdominal bands and dark tegule. The tarsi are some- what reddish, but not so red asin AZar¢iz ; the spurs in both are red. The first r. n, joins the second s. m. some distance from its base. In spite of the greater superficial resemblance to J. Rohweri, the insect is most nearly related to D. Martit. Hab,—Claremont, California. (C. & Baker, 7221.) HoPLITELLA, gen. nov. A genus of small bees related to Osmia, Hoplitis, etc.; colours red and black, not metallic ; wings dusky; stigma rather small, its part on marginal cell less than first s. m. on marginal; marginal rather obtusely pointed, away from costa; b. n. meeting t. m.; first r. n. joining second s. m. very close to base, and second r. n. about twice as far from apex ; basal middle of first abdominal segment smooth and shining, not separated - by a keel or ridge ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the joints measuring in p: (1) 70, (2) 102, (3) 120, (4) 85, (5) 50; the third is more slender than the second ; labial palpi with the joints measuring: (1) 680, (2) 1260, (3) 70, (4) 153; the second is about 153 broad at apex ; the third very short and stout, almost heart-shaped; the last slender basally, broadening apically ; tongue reaching about to level of last joint of labial palpus ; blade of maxilla very long and slender. Male with head and thorax finely punctured ; labrum of the usual form, but only moderately long, its apical margin gently convex, the corners rather rounded; mandibles strongly bidentate ; antenne simple, flagellum slender ; cheeks moderate, occipital region of head not enlarged ; sixth abdominal segment with a strong red tooth at each side, and its reddish hind margin slightly reflexed and shallowly emarginate in the middle ; seventh segment broadly truncate, the truncation deeply notched in the middle ; no ventral teeth. May, 1g10 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, floplitella pentamera, N. sp. g¢.—Length about 714 mm.; head, thorax and legs black ; abdomen with the first three segments bright ferruginous-red, the second and third with a blackish stain in the middle ; sides of fourth red, the others black ; ventral segments with more or less evident white hind margins ; face densely covered with long silky-white hair, stained with yellowish about the middle ; eyes sage-green ; flagellum slender, entirely black ; mandibles black ; ocelli large ; thorax with rather long dullish white hair; area of metathorax smooth and shining ; tegule bright apricot colour; abdomen finely punctured, with poorly-developed white hair-bands ; spurs creamy- white. Hab.—Claremont, California. (C. & Baker, 7224.) Hoplitella shows many points of resemblance to Proteriades Titus (P. semirubra Ckll.), but is at once distinguished by the 5-jointed maxillary palpi, and the form of the labial palpi, and more superficially by _ the dusky wings. Compared with Chelostoma (Cephalapis) jacintanum Ckll., it is easily known by the ordinary-sized head, bidentate mandibles, more slender marginal cell, merely emarginate seventh segment, etc. Compared with Osmia andrenoides Spinola, from Algeciras ( AZorice ), it is superficially very similar, though smaller ; but azdrenoides has a much longer tongue, the venation is different in several ways (thus, the first r. n. enters second s. m. a long way from base), the sixth abdominal segment has no lateral teeth, and the seventh is bidentate with a pair of triangular teeth. Osmia semirubra Friese, from Jericho (Morice), also differs greatly in venation from Hof/ite//a, The b.n. in semirubra goes basad of the t. m., and the first r. n. enters the second s. m. far from its base. Osmia remotula, 0. sp. ?.—Length about 6'4 mm.; broad, robust ; head, thorax and legs black, with much white hair, becoming grayish dorsally, and pale yellow on inner side of tarsi; head broad, eyes sage-green ; antennz short, entirely black ; mandibles black ; head and thorax minutely punctured ; area of metathorax shining, dull and rugose at base; tegule shining piceous ; wings dusky, nervures black; venation as in O. andrenoides ; spurs creamy-white; abdomen with the first three segments bright ferruginous-red, without bands, exactly as in O. andrenoides, except that they are more feebly sculptured ; other segments black, with grayish-white THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171 hair, which covers the apical one ; ventral scopa white, short. The female O. andrenoides compared is from Corfu ( AZorice ). Hab.—Claremont, California. (C. & Baker, 7226). A representa- tive of the group of O. andrenoides (subgenus Lrythrosmia Schmied.), not before known in America. Osmia (Gnathosmia) Louisiana, n. sp. ¢ .—Length nearly 9 mm ; agrees with Cresson’s description of O. Georgica, and Robertson’s additional diagnosis, except that instead of being “black, tinged with blue,” it has the head, thorax and abdomen shining blue-green. ‘The colour and general superficial appearance are as in O. physarie Ckll., but the wings are very brown, whereas in pAysarie they are clear. The mandibular processes are very large, forming, as Cresson says of Georgica, an arch interrupted in the middle. Legs black, the hind femora faintly submetallic in front ; tegulee rufo-piceous ; ventral scopa long, light orange-yellow. The anterior coxe are sharply keeled on the outer edge. Hab.—Mound, Louisiana, May 4, 1905. (C. &. Jones, 234.) O. Georgica Cresson, was based on a single female from Georgia. Since then Robertson has taken it in Illinois, and Professor Titus informs me that it occurs in North Carolina. It is possible that the present insect is only a variety or geographical race, but it seems more likely that the difference of colour indicates a distinct species. A NEW ALEYRODES ON BEARBERRY BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Although the common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is circum- polar in its distribution, the insects which affect it in America do not seem to occur in Europe. Examples occur among the Coccide ( Zargionta Dearnesst Ckll.) and Aphidide (Piyllaphis Cowent Ckll.), and now I have to add a species of Aleyrodidz, of which I found pup and an adult near the top of Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, Colorado, March 20, 1910. Aleyrodes ursorum, 0. sp. Pupa oval, pure black, 680 long, 518 broad ; a little white secretion around the base, but no distinct fringe, and no dorsal secretion ; the usual sutural cross lines present ; dorsal area bounded by a well-defined double margin, which, when the pupa is seen from above is 35 to 50» from the lateral outline ; margin strongly crenulate, the projections shaped as in A, mori (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, pl. XXXII, fig. 39), but longer, May, Ig1o 172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. about four in 25» of the margin ; vasiforin orifice about 25 » broad, short and rounded, with the broad. entire margined operculum practically filling the orifices. In the table by Mrs. Bemis (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, p. 485), this runs to 4. wigrans, but differs in the regularly oval shape ; the adult also is quite different. Adult about 1140 » long ; body above blackish, covered with white meal, the base and sides of abdomen white, the extreme base of wings yellow ; beneath, the abdomen is light yellow, with the last two segments gray ; eyes black, completely divided ; wings white, each with a small dusky spot in the apical field, and also two very faint slightly iridescent clouds above the principal vein, one from the dusky spot toward the apex, the other apparently marking the place of the lost upper branch. Nearest, I think, to 4. Dorseyi Kirkaldy, but the dorsal area of the — pupa is much more obtuse posteriorly than in that species, which occurs on Rhamnus in California. The adult of 4. Dorsey? is unknown. NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C. PapER X.— NEW SPECIES OF EMPRIA. Lepeletier in 1828 (Encycl. Method, X (2), p. 571), described *his genus Empria, and included three species, the first of which, Dolerus (Empria) pallimacula Vepeletier, was named as the type by Brullé (Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. IV, pp. 666, 1846). In 1835 Dahlbom, in his Conspect. Tenthrd. Scandin., p. 13, No. VIII, founded the genus Fecilostoma for Tenthredo guttatum Fallén. Thomson, in 1871 (Scand. Hym. I, p. 227), changed the spelling of Dahlbom’s genus, Pecilostoma, to Pectlosoma. Dr. Ashmead, in his tables in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for 1898 (p. 256), made Haripiphorus maculatus Norton, the type of a new genus, Pecilostomidea and Monostegia ignota Norton, the type of Zetratneura Ashmead. > Dolerus (Empria) pallimaculata Lepeletier, is the same as Tenthredo guttatum Fallén, and Haripiphorus maculatus Norton and Monostegia ignota Norton, are congeneric with Zenthredo guttatum, so the synonymy of the genus Zmpria is ; May, 1910 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 173 Empria Lepeletier, 1828. Pecilostoma Dahibom, 1835. Pecilosoma Thomson, 1871. Tetratneura Ashmead, 1898. Pacilostomidea Ashmead, 1898. Rev. F. W. Konow (Zeit. Hym. Dipt., p. -36, 1908) published a similar synonymy for Zmpria, Up to the present time a number of species of this group have been lumped under the name macu/ata Norton, but on studying these forms _ carefully and examining the saws tnere seems to be a number of allied but distinct species. At the present time a revision of this genus seems un- _ advisable, but at some future date such a paper may be published. It would greatly simplify matters if the various economic entomologists would refer their material to a specialist. Empria distincta, n. sp—Q. Length about 7 mm. Clypeus sub- truncate, carina present but not strong; antennz rather robust, the third joint a little longer than fourth ; antennal furrows interrupted below ocelli ; middle fovea circular and not connected with the ocellar basin; sheath obliquely truncate, angles rounded ; saw with rather small teeth. Black ; anterior margin of clypeus, pronotum, tegulz, legs below cox, except the brown hind femora and tarsi, reddish-yellow ; the usual abdominal spots. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown. Type locality: Virginia. Type, No. 12833, U. S. N. M. Empria affinis, n. sp—gG. Length, 6 mm. Clypeus tridentate, shallowly emarginate, lobes small, sharp, carina strong ; antenne of the slender type, third joint longer than fourth; antennal furrows complete ; _middie fovea small, circular, deep, nearly connected with the ocellar furrow ; saw with small teeth, the upper part not reaching apex ; sheath with the lower margin strongly rounded. Black ; extreme apical margin * of clypeus, line on pronotum and tegule, knees and usual abdominal spots white. Wings hyaline, iridescent, venation dark brown. Type locality: “Colo. 1041.” Collection of C. F. Baker. Type, No. 12834, U.S. N. M. There are also some other Colorado numbers. Empria Caudelli, n. sp.—¥. Length about 7.5 mm. Clypeus distinctly emarginate, lobes broadly triangular, carina wanting; antenne 174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of the very robust type, third joint much longer than fourth ; antennal furrows subinterrupted below ocelli ; middle fovea circular, not separated from broad ocellar furrow ; sheath rounded at apex ; teeth of saw small, upper part ribbed and reaching to the tip. Black; line on pronotum and tegule, and legs below knees, white ; the usual abdominal spots. Wings brown, venation brown. = : Type locality: Chenney Gulch, Colorado, May 13, 1901. (Dyar and Caudell.) Type, No. 12835, U.S. N. M. Also some Colorado numbered specimens from the C. F, Baker collection. Empria submaculata, n. sp.—?. Length, 5 mm. Clypeus gently emarginate, lobes broad, triangular, carina wanting; antenne of the norma} slender type; antennal furrows complete; middle fovea small, circular, deep ; ocellar furrow almost wanting ; sheath slender and rather sharply pointed ; saw sharp, teeth large in comparison to size of saw, upper part reaching tip, its margin somewhat irregular. Black ; clypeus, line on pronotum, tegule white; legs below coxe pale brown to white ; usual abdominal spots. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown, Type locality: ‘Cana 2051.” Collection of C. F. Baker. Type, No. 12836, U.S. N. M. Empria Arizouensis, n. sp.— f.. Length, 8 mm. Clypeus narrow- ing apically, middle tooth distinct, lobes broad, rounded at apex, carina strong ; antennze more robust than the slender type, but not very robust ; antennal furrows complete ; ocellar furrow and middle fovea making a diamond-shaped area on the front; head and thorax more shining than usual, sheath strongly rounded on the lower margin ; saw with broad, rather large teeth, upper margin ribbed and reaching tip. Black ; line on pronotum, tegule, knees and indistinct abdominal spots white. Wings and venation black. Type locality: Arizona. Type, No. 12837, U. S. N. M. Empria salicis, n. sp.—@. Length, 6mm. Clypeus deeply emar- ginate, lobes sharply triangular, inner tooth faint, as is the carina ; antennal furrows complete ; ocellar furrow and middle fovea complete, making a broad furrow ; antenne of the slender type ; sheath truncate, the upper angle sharp; saw with small teeth, the upper part extending to near the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 _ apex. Black; clypeus, line on pronotum, tegule and abdominal spots white ; legs reddish-yellow, hind tibize white at base, the apical part black. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown. Type locality: Florissant, Colorado. Specimens swept from Sa/zx brachycarpa in June and July by S. A. Rohwer. There are also some Colorado numbered specimens in the C. F. Baker collection. Type, No. 12838, U.S. N. M. The male is very like the female, but has the usual sexual differences. Empria melanostoma, n. sp.—Pecilostomidea maculata Kincaid, Wash. Ac. Sc., Vol. II, Nov. 24, 1900, p. 346. @. Length,6 mm. Clypeus as in sa/icis Roh., but the carina is stronger ; antennz of the short, subslender type ; antennal furrows com- plete ; middle fovea and ocellar furrow forming a deep, shining frontal furrow ; sheath obliquely truncate, the angles rounded ; saw with large teeth, the upper part reaching nearly to tip, the margin strong. Black ; line on pronotum, abdominal spots and knees white; tibiz brownish. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown. ¢. Length about 5 mm. Very like the female, except for the sexual differences. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska, June, 1899. (T. Kincaid.) Other localities: Yakutat, Alaska, June 21, 1899. (T. Kincaid.) Oregon (Koebele), “W. T.” Type, No. 12839, U. S. N. M. Var. A—@. Edge of clypeus white ; third antennal joint longer than fourth ; emargination of clypeus broader and the lobes sharper. ¢, Ute Creek, Colorado, July 4, 1907, 9,000 ft. (R.W. Darson.) Empria mellipes, n. sp.—Q. Length, 7 mm. Clypeus broad, subtruncate, carina nearly wanting ; antennz short, subrobust ; antennal furrows slightly interrupted below ocelli ; middle fovea small, circular, indistinctly connected with the narrow ocellar furrow; sheath of the normal type, rounded beneath ; saw with rather large hooked teeth, the upper part faintly ribbed and reaching apex. Black ; pronotum, tegule, indistinct spot on pleurz, legs below the coxe and the abdominal spots, which are large, reddish-yellow. Wings pale brownish; venation pale brown, Type locality: Missouri. Specimen labelled “Straw. Apr. 14, 71 C. Mo.” Type, No. 12840, U. S. N. M,. 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LIFE-HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WATER-BUGS.—IIL BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK. . Microvelia Americana Uhler. I, = In 1834 Westwood! placed Vel/ia pygmea L., Duf.,’ in a section or subgenus, which he called AZicrovelia. In the following year (1835). Burmeister® erected a new genus to contain this species, and with the calm _ that characterized him, ignored Westwood’s previous work and named the genus /ydroissa. Entomologists of the German school to this day persist in the latter generic name, although Westwood’s is universally recognized to have priority. No North American species of the genus had been recognized till 1883, when Uhler* described his Hebrus americanus, which a careful — reading of the generic characterization shows not to be a Hebrus at all, but a true A/crovelia. His description, however, leaves no doubt as to ~ the insect he had before him. Nevertheless, he appears not to have considered this a sufficient description, or else recognized his initial error in placing the species in Hedrus, since he redescribed it as new in 1895,” and this is the date commonly quoted. Briefly, the synonymy is thus: Microvelia Westwood, 1834. /f{ydroéssa Burmeister, 1835. Hlebrus Uhler (not Curtis), 1883. Veliomorpha Carlini, 1895. Species : americana Uhler, 1883 (as Hedrus ). The species is widely distributed, and it has been recorded by various writers from Ontario, in Canada; and from Maine, New York, New — Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, Kansas and Colorado, in the United States. It is probably spread throughout all the Atlantic and middle Western States, but possibly it does not range as far to the south as Ilorida and the Gulf States, where we should expect to find other species. California is also said to be within its range, but this at best is— doubtful. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.; II] : 647, Pl. V1, fig. 5. ~Op.ic., Lishiisy bleveaioewo. Handbuch Ent., If: 213. . Standard Nat. Hist., II: 273. 5. Bull. 31. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., Hem. of Col., p. 61. May, 1910 sem ge RO oe Pe RED THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : Vi Many an entomologist when drinking from a field or roadside spring has noticed the tiny black, silver-spangled insects that detach themselves from the stones forming the basin and run across the surface, or glide out from the side and swiftly curve in to their former resting places. This is Microvelia americana Uhler. It is to be found on the banks of any body of water, moving or still. Where the walls of the spring or the bank of the stream or pond are more or less vertical, they perch a little above the water. But on shelving or sloping banks they wander about over the mud or pebbles seeking their prey, leaving the shore only when alarmed or disturbed. They also conceal themselves under overhanging banks of streamlets, as observed by Uhler in Maryland and the writer in New Jersey. I have found them perched on logs jutting out from the shore, and among the heaps of brush and twigs that gather in the slack waters and eddies of streams. In such places they pass the time from earliest spring till the bleak days of late autumn. I have secured adults just emerged from their hibernacula as early as March, and as late as the end of September have seen adults and nymphs, and in mid-October adults only. From then on, according to Uhler, “they hibernate in colonies beneath the overhanging banks of little streams (in the Middle States)” until the first warm days of spring entice them from their shelter. They must begin to breed at once, because, again quoting Uhler, “ by the latter part of June they have become fully winged.” I have myself noted the young in May, and taken nymphs arriving at the adult toward the end of July, which perhaps is as early as is normal in the latitude of New York. Of course, their precise time of appearance in the spring, and of seeking hibernacula on the approach of winter is largely governed by the tempera- ture, and naturally varies with the latitude and the variations of the thermometer. All the water-striders, large and small, are carnivorous, and Microvelta is no exception to the invariable rule. In nature they doubtless feed on such small insects as are tiny enough to be overpowered, such as Spring- tails, larvze of flies, and other soft-bodied and feeble forms, or on those larger ones which are drowned in their haunts. In the aquaria they have been fed on house-flies, and where there have been water-fleas in the water, they have feasted on the unlucky ones imprisoned in the surface film. Like all the predaceous Heteroptera, they are always in a condition of semi-starvation, and when a living fly is fed them, of course they attack 6. Standard Nat. Hist., Il, p. 275. 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. it in force. When it struggles, they beat a hasty retreat; but if it quiets but for an instant they are on it again, piercing it at the joints of the legs or in the sutures between the segments, until the victim of their voracity perishes, exhausted by its struggies and unable to overcome the actively poisonous saliva A/icrovelia injects. Then all feast at their ease, some perched upon the carcase, others sucking at the joints, until they are filled to satiation. But at a pinch, when there are no living victims, they do not disdain long-dead and gamey food, and I have often seen them feeding on decaying flies, as much as two and three days old, and which smelt to the four winds. In regard to their manner of progression, Uhler (1. c) says it “ runs with astonishing rapidity, but not with the rowing impulses of Limnotrechus,’ and Kirkaldy’ describes the gait of Microvelia pygmea of Europe in these words: “ Their gait may be described best as a ‘ scuttle,’ - a series of very quick short steps, the femora being almost horizontal. They move very rapidly, but rarely sustain the effort long—the opposite legs are moved alternately.” He goes on to say that they apparently have very feeble adhesive powers, and are unable to mount a perpendicular glass surface, but this is only natural when it is considered that the claws are subapical, and that there do not appear to be any pulvilli. In the main, these two accounts cover J/. americana, but in addition I have observed it to move with the rowing impulses of the other Gerrids. This, however, happens only when it is far from shore, or closely pursued and making desperate efforts to escape, and its ordinary gait is of no avail. This I have seen, but not very often, both in nature and in my aquaria. The Wicrovelie are cleanly beasties, and indeed, the nature of their velvety covering and the many tactile and other hairs which abound on their bodies, make it imperative that they should keep themselves in good condition, and accordingly, a good part of their time is spent in cleaning themselves. Kirkaldy (1. c.) observed the toilette of JZ. pygmea, and describes in detail how the legs are employed in the dry wash, and the careful manner in which the antenne are cleaned. In the macropterous adults, the wings are lifted and the legs passed under them. I have -been so fortunate as to be able to observe JZ. americana in this tidying process more than once, and on one of these occasions careful notes were made while one of the little fellows in my aquarium was thus engaged, and this 7. 1899, ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXII, ‘‘A Guide to the Study of British Water Bugs (Aquatic Rhynchota),” p. 113. : : ; : a ry § $ & 4 2 * = Ne 0 Sant 8g) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 is what he did: First, he rubbed the first pair of legs together, that is, the tarsi and tibiee, and then each leg rubbed the other all the way down to the tarsi, much as a man washes his hands and arms. ‘Then the middle leg of one side was vigourously rubbed against the hind leg, and then against the front. Then, with the front legs, the antenne were rubbed quite vigourously, but always from the base to the tip, so as not to disturb the tactile hairs which all point in that direction. The middle legs were bent under, and the sternum and abdomen rubbed with the tibie. The minuteness and quick motions of the bug caused many points to be missed, but this is the process in its essentials. ‘The reason for the use of the tibize is that all are furnished with a comb at the distal end, running crosswise of the leg. In common with all the Other Gerrids, MWicrovedia americana displays the phenomenon of apterousness, but in a very marked degree. Ordinarily, all the examples of JZtcrovelia americana taken, or to be seen in collec- tions, are wingless, but at times it is possible to get a few winged individuals in sheltered spots, under the overhanging banks of streamlets principally, or in exceptional seasons or situations. Thus, in the summer of 1907, there was a great abundance of winged individuals of normally apterous species to be found in the streams about White Plains, N. Y. Then I secured some dozen or so, seven in one limited area of perhaps 20 or 30 feet on one August day. ‘The next summer, also in August, no less than 15 winged were taken in a roadside drinking trough, which was fed by a cold stream flowing from a hillside in a pasture. They were gathered in large numbers at the inlet end of the trough, where the water ran coldest. In the tropics the winged individuals are more abundant, as Westwood notes in his introduction, where he says Hope possessed a large number of MJicrovelia pulchella from St. Vincent, almost all winged. Distant, in Hemiptera of British India, notes that Green has taken in Ceylon Microvelia singalensis in an acetylene moth trap. I have never got any of our species at light, but doubtless the fact will be recorded by some fortunate investigator in due time. This little bug does not appear to be as amorous as its larger relatives of the Gerring. According to the classification, of Gadeau de Kerville, of the ways of mating in Hemiptera,* it comes under “‘accouplement par superposition,” as in the Gerrin@, and, in fact, in all the water-bugs I have observed. I was able to observe the act in some bred 8. 1902, Bull. Soc, Ent. Fr., No. 4, p. 68 180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. aquarium specimens, which were only two days old, and the following notes were taken as they were watched through a magnifying glass. When the male in its wanderings ran across the female, he stood still behind her for an instant, taking aim as it were, and then started suddenly, running swiftly onto her back. When up, he held on by the front and hind legs, the tibize of the first pair bent under and holding on to the shoulders of his mate. The hind pair were held with the femora at right angles to the body, the tibiz bent under, the extremities being under the edge of the female’s abdomen, with the tarsi seemingly hanging limply down. The middle legs were held out from the body, the tarsi held up from the surface of the water, the object of this apparently being to aid in balancing the male on his precarious perch. While in this position the male positively quivered, the antenne and the middle legs actually vibrating with the intensity of his passion. The genitalia (but obscurely seen from above) were bent toward those of the female, where they could be seen vibrating. The female, of course, remained passive during the act. Three days later, that is to say, five days after reaching maturity, this bred female was quite swollen with ova. In nature, the eggs are probably deposited on stones or sticks, just above the surface of the water, but not on vegetation, to judge from the preferences shown by the little bugs in the aquaria, which deposited their eggs on the sides, but not on the abundant duck-weed furnished them. In the course of some two or three weeks more or less, depending on-the temperature, the nymphs emerge, and after five moults reach the adult in about five weeks. The females display no maternal solicitude, and the young nymphs fend for themselves from their tenderest infancy. No adult parasitism by mites nor egg parasitism by Hymenoptera has thus far been observed. My first attempt to breed J/icrovelia americana was made in the summer of 1go4, and two individuals were brought to maturity after five moults. No systematic notes were kept, other than a careful note of the number of ecdyses. In 1905, and again in 1908, more minute observa- tions were made and a more careful record kept, my results being set forth in the following pages. It is not a difficult task to breed AZicrovelia americana. My equipment consists of one or two large aquaria and an assortment of club-cheese pots, Stender dishes of various sizes, and screw-top, opaque, white glass pomatum pots, about an inch or an inch and a half across the top. The first and last named are preferable, because they offer a white CerreS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 background, against which the little bugs are more clearly revealed, and therefore more easily observed. The adults were kept in numbers in the large aquaria, where they mated and oviposited, and the young, as soon as emerged, were transferred singly to one of the small dishes, where they could be observed and a more accurate record be kept of their trans- formations. Every morning before going to the office where I earn my living, the aquaria were examined, the cast skins removed, the moults noted, and any other pertinent observations recorded in the books I keep for the purpose. On my return from business a similar routine was gone through. It is necessary to keep the aquaria, large and small, covered to prevent evaporation, and also to keep the bugs from escaping, especially the smaller ones. With a water surface to run upon, and food in sufficient quantity, they require nothing more.