y Sterne RETURN TO LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY WOODS HOLE, MASS. LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ~ Entomol 99 nf ti] ARN WM. SAUNDERS, LONDON, ONTARIO SF - ae Pr A LONDON. © | PRINTING CO., RICHMOND-ST. 1879. fe NG) Re | eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ae Published by the Entomological nae Ontario. 3 . 4 General Editor :—W. SavypeErs. London, Ontario, 4 San. ee a vk a ‘ _ Editing Committee :—Rev. C. J. 8. BSTHUNE, M. - Port Hope; and Messas. E, Bayy ee London ; and G. J. Bowzes, Montreal. | pes = © Sen Sate 4 ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP : Py Wor, Ordinary Members, 62.) 0-24 smiosie vee teeta © ste olay Ree ee hae Bis isla a: 65 sats ons a For Associate Members in the United ‘tates.: “is ; Bhagat ak rere oe For Associate Members in England, . Te: } ude Fling The Fees are payable in advange on the! ; of diate in ones ear, a their pa; one nti tle les t -members to a copy of all the Society’s publications during the ach 7 % cs vm : ney. baad Remittances and other business communications should be addressed to the Secretar itive f the Society, Jas, H. Bowman, London, —- All exchanges, and ae for insertion, rh A to the General Editor. ‘ 2 coe " CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vols. 1 to 9—Price $1 per Volume. Mie pie aeRO : Single numbers furnished when required—10 cents each ; $1) per dozen. . ‘4 Correspondence is invited respecting the habits, | localities, eccurrence, &c., of Insects, as ‘this 3 Journal is intended to be a medium for the recording of icf obser setane made in all “parts of the COCR: r 3 x ‘ cs 4: , Pi ’ , AD VERTISING RA TES: et For First ‘Insertion, Mer Taine siesta rd vec ceeens ae wis + 'atelatace te Reet foie.aa tomate hire ten ‘le j For Each Subsequent Insertion, . Vaan a ROE OOO, Saree ec 6c) ;- -- 10 Lines to One Inch, elie é ; SU. PPLIES FOR SALE. - ‘Cane —Usual thickness, 18 cts. (gold) per square foot ; double, 30 cts. (gold) per square foot. he List oF CANADIAN CoLEOPTERA. —Price 15 cents each, combining 55 families, 432 genera, and. 1231 species. (For labelling g cabinets.) Printed Numbers, in sheets, 1 to 2000, for labelling eer Priee 10 cents each set. : ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—From waa 1 to 6 inclusive, 60 cents per paper of 500, or, where not less: than 5,000 are ordered, $1 per thousand. Sizes smaller than No. 1, 75 cents per paper. — _ These prices are exclusive of cost of transportation, and orders will ara state. whether ‘the package is to be sent by mail. or express. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE GOSSIP. hs A Monthly Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students and Lovers of Nature. by Bedeird by F) BA) LaMOF te Pts Se. This Journal will be mailed direct to any address in the U. S. or Canada, on receipt of the annual Sune Fag English Currency, or $x. go U. S. Currency. HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192 Piccadilly, London, Eng- s- JOHN AKH my URST, Sp Taxidermist, No. 32 Nassau Street, Brookl¥h, New York, keeps constantly “af on hand for sale, Sheet Cork for insect boxes—size, 12 x 34 x4; $1. 25 per dozen sheets. Entomological pins, of Klager and other German makers, $1. 25 per 1000 ; also dealer in native and exotic bird skins, birds’ eggs, insects, &c., &c. © be N. B.—The above prices do not include the cost of transportation. ae t v = Butterflies and Moths of North Am merica. aad Instructions for collecting, breeding, preparing, classifying, packing — for shipment, etc. A CoMPLETE SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE of MACROLEPIDOPTERA, to which i is added a FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY, a glossary of terms, a descriptive list of localities, and im the food-plants of the larva. Diurnes. 8vo, pp. vi, rags _ Sent by mail prepaid on Fe receipt of $2.00 by 3 HERMAN ST RECS es um ‘Reading ee 0., se inchihe” # F A, és, ~ , oe, . 3 fr . , F; ; 2 ; « ea A +S Ries ; e CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK. | & N 4 T A> - I SURAL Be abies: OCA N ASA AN ENTOMOLOGIST. Rye Pa ee en -of VOLUME XI. JS- ce = 3. . Edited by William Saunier 4 ae LonpvoN, ONTARIO, = ee. og a Oe ee Ts — Vp a 4 4 > = ASSISTED. BY = Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M. A., Port Hope, Ont.; E. B. Reed, FE London, Ont., and G. J. Bowles, Montreal, Que. By. ba iv lal ' . a © / ot i LONDON : . PRINTED BY THE FREE PRESS STEAM PRINTING COMPANY, RICHMOND STREET. ‘A 1879 es S io i a ne LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME. TNS TEAS TBYA DSS SAAN IA (eC a clei eos “5 EES ease JACKSONVILLE, FLORFDA. PE RIGE ee PADIS) Mies orice seen ene c ns 1s ssn sinninin ALBANY, N. Y. —TRTSIMTS LUNE: SIRT We Oss ets 8 ei ii Port Horr, ONTARFO. (a UES peg Co lis i SUR ie ee cee Oa ee QUEBEC, Q. PW Ae fa Cra stsd as ws ott eae hee = oi sisin iar QUEBEC, Q. IBOMENG AD S'S 1 OD NON D aot Sere ae pene OS iG Sr Boston, Mass. EUAN VERE RiGee Vet loses ection cto spieiila a's wc, si ereemsters COVINGTON, Ky. (CEA PIVEAUNG PID IGE “AS Wie chara tere sfelticeicin. @ 5's cite ave APALACHICOLA, FEOREBA. ANE OGRE te Baw Worse te cbeacse tics coho mines &.cpateale ss « ANTIOCH COLL., OFFA. OC) tar eh ten 8 rage pHi ictets eeale Seti ea taaietos = seein iit LANSING, MICH. TROVE NV 5] 21 VAN UIC ra Ese On ia es gk SR CLYDE, N; Y. OAT) Sse VWin Ek aajeiever lads, ates ies Gog CR ere a a COALBURGH, W. Va. PERINAT Ce SED sents ne wis Saleisinee steals = (deeds « ORONOY MAINE. PDT SE AAp Giro Et ER tel] Ny apaycte. inv merch « atare wins x Sy eminem = ce oe OTTAWA, ONTARIO. Hee ROTO ING Collects Grsee eas ea. ies ic & ccc of Pacay wt aleodanse cisier = i= aie Ginie' CARBONDALE, ILt.. BVA S nh OSs, Wienke os amis, o soela eee ea eiee COWANSVILLE, ONTARIO. ECOL G) OE Pa ere Werle, cnveat ev alieh © sahorale eoalesins te tems geet AMHERST, MAss. Rech alee Nae tc eee emir terse Sat Sia ‘ss pes cneeperate oyna 2 ..-.. KENWOOD, N.-Y. EEN TES Bis ZS ed Raa or i a el es ae See BuFrFato, N. Y. PSEA Dan ema lle ce EPs re ctegrat a tuata niciecscciow eral ei are ee CAMBRIDGE, MAss. TORRE IG EH OPNG a VV Ee. pot eile tt) ee oe See atciteeh OTTAWA, ONTARIO. Pie Tis. CAROMINE Esc. ):ce)scai ls. ivecnie. ST JOHNS, Ny B: TOWARD 2b Olsen is aos se eT Se Rhee ae le WASHINGTON, D. Cy LARUE SHES UC 5) 6 ie BA ee oe sce Ae et er Ak Ga RN a Brookiyn, N. Y. NGL COM WOR in ma toes eins alta Sete kore alendaree ee BUFFALO, N. Y. ENE ONSET OMEN, Meire esc. tuner Ss ous ose tes ae ens ELA DELPHIA,. PA. ESLER Bat DN] ON ee re ee ere a ALBANY, N. Y. AO AIS cin Peter at ante epoca Sate a Sec ener wt AMEE SON DRO NIT eee 1; UN sh VW haclstesvete cama capoeira eu cia) oe Be Crk ers tae WATERBURY, CONX. HUA Ee Greg. eyete eee sn eile ta ein een oo aa) DANTON. OHIO, POUIEL V camps We Ais geet vic setae es BAe Sas aod WASHINGTON, D. €. SAUNDERS FSW. “T he Editor. 20 os Jemes oo ee LONDON, ONTARIO. SVAN EMD DI DIRS) SRI Desire nee st tee ety WR Ape 5 Ops LONDON, ‘ONTARIQ. SGU DD MRSA MIE Ee icc 0302. sue. oi goees CAMBRIDGE, Mass. SUE ER GRO Gis acl ae aloe aine Teete es See ee Newport, Ky. Syl 23 PAN OB 3 i 5 TL Get ab le aie PS his, CER WOLLASTON, MaAss. EBT Se ©) Wer Oars stet tf rertotnn, 0 te ese os Ste ge ACTING. © WIS: RE SNILY. Graken ce Siva... as Secs Mitrorp, N. H. VEE ETS GING: Soo V Veet ce ree fae hos eyehcs ox octoreee NEw HAVEN, Conne VIG) INELEIUIN GROIN, OeeRe iy: keto e. aete oc ay oe TEAC HIICAGON LEE: as), oa Che Canadian Entomologist. VOLT. LONDON, ONT., JANUARY, 1879. No. 1 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF COSSUS CENTERENSIS. BY JAMES S. BAILEY, A. M., M. D., ALBANY, N. Y. Although Cossus centerensis has only recently been discovered, it must have existed for many years in the vicinity of Center, N. Y., its present _home. More than twelve years ago, while riding in a Central R. R. coach, I noticed certain species of Poplar, the central shoot of which had perished from causes then unknown; later, while on an Entomological tour near the same place, I found a group of the Populus tremuloides which were similarly affected, as were also many other trees of the same species in the vicinity. On closer inspection many perforations were found in the trunks of these trees, some of which were of recent origin, but nothing then was discovered to explain the cause and consequent unhealthy condition of this species of timber ; several times each year afterwards this group of Poplars was examined, but nothing definite was learned until during the month of July, 1876, when a brittlespupa-case was found protruding from one of these openings. ‘This gave a clue which revealed the true nature of the destroyer of this woody growth. On the roth of June, 1877, a fresh pupa-case was discovered, removed and examined, but the Cossus could not be found, although probably resting upon the tree at that time. It now remained for the youthful-and keen eyesight of my son, Theo- dore P. Bailey, to discover’ the imago. ‘The facts as related were com- municated to stimulate him to vigilance, and the trees were examined daily, every foot of them being closely scrutinized. June i4th of the same year he found a fresh pupa-case, and but a short distance from it a male Cossws, which had apparently just emerged. This insect was given to Mr. Lintner, who subsequently described it in the CanapIAn ENnToMoLocisr. J am now enabled to adda few facts in reference to the natural history of this borer, to give a description of its earlier stages “a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. which have hitherto been unrecorded, and have also added a more minute description of this interesting moth. The accompanying lithograph repre- sents the insect in its different stages, life size. This season (1878) ’ beautiful specimens of both sexes were obtained during the month of June, from which our illustrations were made by Paul Riemann, a naturalist and artist. During 1877 the majority of examples obtained were females ; during 1878 the reverse was the case, as males largely pre- ~ dominated. It was ascertained that the time for the Cossus to emerge was from dark to early morning, or between the time of the setting and rising of the sun. Every day the empty cases were removed, and by counting them it was known how many to expect to find, which aided the collector much. As might be expected from the aborted tongue, this Cossus is not attracted by sugar. The trunks of the trees from which they emerged, as well as neighboring trees, were sugared extensively during the time of their appearance, but not one came to taste the bait. During this process, in examining the sugared patches, the light from the bulls-eye lantern was thrown repeatedly upon the surface of the Poplar trees, and several were observed at different times in the act of emerging. Just before the final transformation the pupa renews its efforts and pushes itself through the thin bark that has been allowed to remain by the larva. It pushes itself through the opening as far as the base of the abdomen, when, after a while, the exposed pupal skin becomes dry and splits, and the moth escapes, climbing up the bark of the tree, shaking out its wings until developed. The moths usually select the end of a dead and broken limb or protuberance of the roughened bark to rest upon, which their color so closely resembles that it is exceedingly difficult to discover their whereabouts. The empty pupa skins remain at the entrance of the tunnel. The moth itself at first is rather sluggish, and can be captured readily on the bark of the tree in which it has passed its immature state. The moth is very liable to “‘grease,” consequently it is advisable to let it thoroughly dry before capturing and pinning. The cavity of the abdomen should be stuffed, and a few drops of benzole previously put in the cavity or placed upon the material used as stuffing. The chrysalids vary much in size, some of which are infested by an ichneumon fly, which preys on the caterpillar. A pupa was observed endeavoring to makeits way to the surface of the bark, but seemingly unable i all THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 to extricate itself, when assistance was rendered by enlarging the orifice. It was laid in a paper box for hatching ; a few days afterwards many minute ichneumons were observed resting upon the wall near the box ; on examination they were found to be escaping through minute holes in the pupa, which would barely admit a No. 3 Entomological pin. Fifteen of these perforations were counted in this pupa. I presume that the larva of the Cossus is pursued in its burrows by the parent parasite. If so, it is curious that the Cossws pupa is not killed by the parasites until it has worked itself up to the mouth of the tunnel, thus allowing the ichneumon flies to escape outside. October 14th, we visited the trees which were known to be inhabited by the Cossws, for the purpose of obtaining caterpillars in the different stages of growth. A section of a tree measuring nearly four feet in length was taken, and from it six caterpillars were secured, two of which were occupying pupal cells preparatory to transformation. Judging from the difference in the development of the caterpillars taken at this time, it would seem as if it would require at least two years for their maturity. While thus far the Center locality has proved to be the chief home of this Cossus, it will undoubtedly be found elsewhere wherever the Populus tremuloides is found. Several pupa cases of this species have been found in the corporate limits of Albany. Usually trees of less than one foot in diameter are attacked, although in one instance a pupa case was found in a tree measuring sixteen inches in diameter. The larva, taken October 14th from its burrows, is 45 mil. in length, of a pale flesh color. It is a little broader anteriorly. The prothoracic segment is blackish brown above, the dark color edged with a dirty orange shading. The head is mahogany brown, shining, slightly roughened. The mandibles are black, with three strong teeth. The surface of the head gives rise here and there to single scattered hairs. The antennz are three-jointed ; the second joint gives rise to a single long hair. The 7th, 8th, 9th and roth abdominal segments are provided with false feet. The segments are marked with a lateral row of brown dots above the reddish stigmata, and there is arow of similar dots, two to a segment, on each side of the dorsal line. These dots give rise to single pale hairs. The larva moves with freedom either backward or forward. The-burrows | which it excavates are about 15 millimetres in width, and terminate in the pupating cell, which is about 4o mil. in length, smooth ; the extremity towards the opening is closed by a wad of finer and then coarser filings Sh Se eee rf Arey « r ined te eo , vu ees A cea WP ae 4 THE. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of the wood. ‘The coarser splinters are vot detached entirely from the wood, but are split up by the larva all around the top of the cell, and project like bristles, appearing somewhat as those wooden toy-trees which are made for children, and which are formed by shaving down the wood and leaving the shavings still adhering by one end. These splinters make afirm wad. Against them are piled a quantity of finer chips or thin filings, which are loose, but pressed together. The cell is about 4o mil. from the outer bark of the tree, and the chrysalis makes its way to the air through the burrow by means of its teeth on the segments and the spinose process on the front, by which it forces itself, by stretching and contracting the abdomen, through the wood scrapings which close the cell, until it comes to the end. We have noticed a fine thread of silk proceeding from the spinneret of the larva, although in the puparium we have foundno silk whatever. The puparium seems to have been formed by wedging first coarser, and then finer strips of the wood together, and seems to be merely a more carefully and smoothly finished enlargement of the original burrow. A specimen of the pupa which I have examined is about 30 mil. in length, narrow, brownish black, shining, rugose. ‘The clypeus presents a strong broad spinous process, supported at base by lateral projections, On the underside it descends into a wide sulcation, terminating in a broad projection. ‘The caputal appendages are visible, and here and there arise isolated hairs as in the previous stage. The abdominal segments are pro- vided with teeth over the dorsum, decreasing in size to the stigmatal line. The anal segment is provided with two unequal sized terminal teeth on each side of the vent. The moth seems to belong to the genus Cossws Fabr., and not to be congeneric with Xystus vobinte. The head is short, eyes naked, labial palpi small, appressed, scaled. The thorax is thickly scaled, the scales gathered into a ridge behind, and is squarer in front than in Xys¢ws, not so elongate, or so elevated dorsally. The male antenne are bipectinate, the lamelle short, rather broad and ciliate. The female antenne are serrated. It is allied to the European Cossus terrebra, while a larger insect. It differs from C. guerciperda by the absence of any yellow on the male hind wings, and by its darker color and closer reticulations. In color this species is black and gray ; the edges of the thorax and collar are shaded with gray—more noticeable on some specimens than others. The primaries are covered with black reticulations, which are not —- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 always identical in their minor details in different specimens, nor some- times on both wings in the same speciinen. Beyond the cell there is a transverse continuous line, broader than the rest and outwardly bent over median nervules. The ground color is blackish over nearly two-thirds of the primaries from the base, and outwardly gray. Hind wings rounded in both sexes, with blackish hairs at base, pale and sub-pellucid, with short gray fringe, before which there is a narrow blackish edging. The abdomen is blackish. The males are smaller than the females. The smallest male expands about 4o, the largest female over 60 millimetres. A female, after being captured and pinned, deposited three eggs, which were clothed with scales of the same color as those of its abdomen. The females possess a long ovipositor, with which they place their eggs securely in the deep crevices of the bark of the same species of tree from which they emerge. In due time the worms are hatched,and although very small, are soon able to bore into the tree, never apparently ceasing to eat and extending their tunnels through solid wood, first in the alburnum and then through the heart, their burrows increasing in size as the larva increases, until the latter are completely grown. In consequence of the innumerable tunnels cut in feeding many trees.are destroyed. MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. BY V. T. CHAMBERS, COVINGTON, KY. LAVERNA. L. Murtfeldtella Cham. Miss Murtfeldt favors me with the following notes upon the larva of this species: “It feeds in the flowers of the Ginothéras both wild and cultivated, and is especially destructive to G@. Missouriensis, which is now extensively cultivated. The eggs are laid singly on the sticky surface of tie calyx, and the larvee, as soon as hatched, make their way to the centre of the bud and feed upon the petals and stamens. The full-grown larva is % inch in length, cylindrical, tapering slightly posteriorly and anteriorly. 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. When young it is of a dull brownish-green color, gradually assuming a reddish tint, until at maturity the dorsum and sides are of a deep dull pink arranged in wavy shaded stripes, which are most intense on the sub- dorsal spaces. Head oblique, round, pale glossy grayish-brown, with dark brown mandibles and the triangular face outlined with the same color. Cervical collar entirely covering top of 1st segment of glossy dark grayish- brown, marked on the dorsum wtth a narrow but distinct longitudinal line of white. Anal plate brown and horny. Legs and prolegs well devel- oped. Pupates in a dense, tough, yellowish-white cocoon on the surface of the ground. Moths issue in about ten days. There are at least two distinct broods in a season, the second of which hybernates in cocoon.” Miss Murtfeldt adds: “ The Gnotheras ought to be dear to the Ento- mologist on account of the numerous and beautiful insects which they foster. I have already reared from them seven or eight distinct species and am sure that there are still others.” One of these is Z. ? wnotherceella Cham., which, however, is no doubt the same species placed by Zeller provisionally in Phyl/ocnistis as P. mag- natella. As stated elsewhere, this, though not a true Laverna, is nearer to that genus than to Phyllocnisiis. L. enotheresemenella Cham. is another of the nothera-feeding species. In Colorado I met with a larva believed to be that of a Laverna min- ing in the leaves of a species of Genothera, but I did not succeed in rearing it. Including wnothereella, there are thus five species of Laverna which are known to feed on @nothera in this country ; and it is not at all im- probable that other species will also be found to feed upon this genus of plants. The genus Zpz/odium is nearly allied to G:nothera, and in Europe eleven of the seventeen known species feed upon Zfz/obium, one of the eleven also feeding on an allied plant ( Ctrcwa /uteliana ). Since the original description of Murtfeldtella was prepared, I have also taken it in Kentucky. The dark lines and specks mentioned in the description are seen in the fresh specimens to be mostly composed of raised scales, and so likewise are some of the white marks ; and thereare also some raised scales on the thorax. Its nearest known congener seems to be Z. decorella Stainton. A comparison of a good series of specimens satisfies me that Z. a/bocapitella Cham. and ZL. grissed/a Cham. are merely variations of Z. Murtfeldtella. i i il aha eek THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7 Zi. cephalanthiella Cham. The description of this species, avfe v. 3, p. 227, is very unsatis- factory, but it is next to impossible to describe satisfactorily these small species of many colors irregularly mixed and blended, and varying with every change of the light, especially when, as in this instance, there is considerable range of variation within the limits of the species. No difficulty will, however, be experienced in recognizing bred specimens, and no species has yet been discovered in this country which approaches it at all closely ; and until some such species is discovered, the following gen- eral description of the fore wings will perhaps assist one in recognizing the species more than a more detailed one : Varying in different specimens from ochreous dusted and overlaid with brownish gray, to brownish gray streaked or marbled with ochreous ; that is, the proportion of the two colors varies greatly in different specimens, and even appears to vary inthe same specimen according to the direction of the light and the power of the lens used in observing it. The grayish or brownish-gray parts of the wing have metallic reflections, and in some views it is a very pretty and in others a very plain insect ; there is a large blackish tuft on the dorsal margin about the middle, and usually the portion of the disc above and behind this tuft is distinctly ochreous, con- taining a longitudinal blackish short streak ; there is also a similar tuft about the anal angle; there are two costal blackish streaks behind the middle, and a third passes entirely around the apex ; the apical half (and a little more) of the wing is more ochreous than the basal half, and the part of the wing Jehind the second tuft and. defore the second blackish costal streak is distinctly ochreous, with or containing a short blackish longitudinal dash (like that in the ochreous patch above the first tuft above mentioned). The ochreous of the wings has a reddish hue; the ciliz are pale ochreous tipped with blackish and with a blackish hinder marginal line just before the tips. Apex of the fore wings obtuse. In the statement, /oc. ci¢., that the mine and larve resemble those of Aspidisca, the word “larva” is a /apsus pennae, though it is correct as to the mine. The mine, however, is more like that of an Avfispi/a than of an Asfidisca; that is, the mine of the well-grown larva—its last mine— which is always, so far as I have seen them, (and I have seen a great many) near the edge of the leaf; but the young larva, before it makes that mine, usually makes two or three short linear mines beginning at the midrib. The imago does not resemble at all closely any species known 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. to me, but the larva resembles that of the European Z. sudstrigella, as figured in Nat. Hist. Tin, xvi. The head is pale sordid brownish, upper portion of next segment a very little darker, with a crimson spot on each side of the dusky portion and another just above the feet. The next segment has the crimson spots larger and more diffuse, and on top of it begins a wide crimson line which extends along the dorsum of all the segments to the anal; the remaining segments, except the last two, have each three crimson spots on each side of the median crimson line, instead of two, as in those immediately following the head ; each of the last two segments has a transverse crimson line. L. obscurusella Cham. The form of the palpi, the tufts along the dorsal margin of the fore wings, and the neuration of the wings in this species resemble those of Chauliodus Lint., and it perhaps belongs as properly in that genus as in Laverna—tf, indeed, any well marked distinction exists between the genera. L. ? ignobilisella Cham. As stated in the Can. ENT., v. 7, p. 51, the imperfect description of this species was unintentionally published, and the mistake was discovered too late to correct it. Since then, having received other material, I have been enabled to give a more correct account of the species. The orna- mentation resembles closely that of Z.? Coloradella Cham., and they may prove to be varieties of the same species. The form of the head ‘seems to me to differ, however, the head and face in the ‘Texan specimens being wider than in those from Colorado in proportion to their length, and there is, so far as Iam able to compare them with the material before me, a decided difference in ornamentation, though the resemblance is strong. The wings are not tufted and the second palpal joint is but little enlarged towards its apex. Head, antenne and basal joint of palpi sil- very white, stalk of antenne yellowish fuscous: Thorax and fore wings silvery white, with an ochreous costal spot about the basal fourth of the wing length, extended to the fold, sometimes interrupted so as to form two spots, one on the costa and one on the fold, and the costal margin to the base more or less stained with fuscous ; just behind the middle the wing is crossed by an ochreous band, and the wing at its tip and along the base of the dorsal ciliz is dusted and suffused with ochreous. Ciliz white, hind wings and legs whitish. 4/. ex. nearly % inch. re THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 PERIMEDE. P. unomaculella. Lthome unomaculella Cham., ante v. 7, p. 94. This species is too near P. erransella Cham. to be separated gen- erically from it. The neuration differs as follows: In the fore wings the median subdivides into four branches instead of into five ; there are like- wise no tufts on the wings and the palpiare perhaps a little shorter. There are no other structural differences, and they resemble each other closely also in ornamentation ; wzomaculella is, however, decidedly the smallest, having an alar ex. of only 3% lines.* Perfectly fresh specimens of both are deep shining brown, but when a little worn they become dingy, Specimens of uxomaculella differ.as to the amount of white and dark brown on the terminal joint of the palpi; the antennz are faintly and the tarsi distinctly annulate with whitish. Its position in repose is unknown to me, but P. erransella lays the hind legs along the abdomen and rests on the other two pair, with the face not quite touching the surface on which it reposes, and the hinder part of the body and wings elevated so that it looks as if it stood upon its head. ea ostryeella and Chrysopeleia pur puriella. I observe that at p. 72, v. g, ante, the later generic name is misspelled Chysopeleia. These two species can not be separated generically and are even very closely allied species. The antenne of purpuriella are, loc. cit., described as “ sub-pectinate.” I meant to write serrated, but those of ostryeeéla are more distinctly so; the palpi in the living insect are recurved in both. 4@a ostryclla, like all the Ostrya-feeding species, is very difficult to rear, because the leaves dry or mould so quickly, so that out of hundreds of gathered mines I have only succeeded in rearing some eight or ten specimens—about equal numbers of both sexes. The generic and specific diagnoses were prepared from three males. The female differs decidedly from the male, and very closely resembles the male of purpuriella. The male of ostryee/a is lighter colored and more grayish, with less of the purple lustre than the female, and in the latter pale grayish fasciz are absent. Both are of the same size. Purfuriella is somewhat larger than os¢ryge/a, and though not so strongly tinged with purple as the female of ostry@ela, it is decidedly darker. Its food plant is unknown, and certainly its habits of life must differ from those of 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ostryeella, for no mine similar to that of the latter is found in this vicinity. The male is nearer in ornamentation to the female ostrywel/a than to the male, being darker, more purplish and lacking the fasciz. There are slight differences in neuration between the two species, but not greater than are found between different species of Laverna, or even Llachista, which is perhaps nearer to these species than Zaverna. . But the different phraseology used in the diagnosis of the two genera may perhaps indicate greater differences of neuration than actually exist ; though “‘ discal cell long, narrow and closed by an oblique discal vein,” which ‘sends a vein to the hinder margin from a poipt near the median vein,” which (the median) “ passes straight to the hind margin,” sending ‘‘ just before the discal vein a branch to the hind margin,” ( Chrysopeleia) is pretty much the same as discal cell narrow and rather acutely closed; and “the median divides into three branches from the apical part of the cell”— (4@a ) the difference being that the oblique vein which closes the cell is in the one case considered as the discal vein, and in the other as the end of the median. In both species the head is not only short and depressed, but is almost acutely angled in front. The position and number of the tufts is nearly the same in both species, and is not very accurately indi- cated by the position of the dots at p. 73, v. 4. The two opposite costal dots should be nearer together, and in os¢vy@e//a the inner one is a little in advance of the outer one; while in furpuriella the first and last are a little further from the two central ones than in ostry@edla. Ostry@ella also has two or three minute tufts in the apical part of the wing, which ‘are wanting in the other species. In purpuriella there is, loc. cit., said to be an “ indistinct confused yellowish fascia about the apical fourth,” but in some specimens this is simply represented by a pale ochreous dot before the dorsal ciliz. Both species should be referred to ea. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ANISOTA. BY J. A. LININER, N. Y. STATE MUSEUM NAT. HIST., ALBANY. Anisota bisecta, nov. sp. 9. Head sunken ; head and collar tawny. Antenne short, simple, the joints showing as distinct rings. Thorax robust, globose, elevated in front, and projected over the head more than in A. décolor or in A. Fetlig- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 brodti. Shoulder-covers narrowly bordered above with brown. Abdomen short, not extending beyond the hind wings, concolorous with them. Primaries rounded, full, much as in 4. dzcolor, but more rounded on the outer margin ; pale ochraceous, sprinkled with brown irrorations which are more numerous costally and outside of the transverse line ; the latter brown, sharply defined, commencing just before the apex (nearer to it than in A. dicolor) and running straight to the inner margin at its middle, or a little nearer to the base. Outside of this transverse line the wing is somewhat darker. Inner margin of wing bordered with brown of the shade of the tr. line, becoming stronger until lost in the long basilar hairs. An indistinct sub-basilar line is indicated by some confluent brown spots, in form and direction similar to that of A. dzcolor. Cilia interspersed with some brown scales. Secondaries rounded at the angles and excised costally, more than in A. bicolor ; without spots, and with no median band ; of a paler ochraceous than the primaries, more yellowish toward the outer margin ; basilar region bearing some dull reddish long hairs from below the cell to the fold near the inner margin, upon which they attain their greatest extension. Cilia concolorous with the basal portion of the wing. Beneath, wings of a duller ochraceous. Primaries with the transverse line indicated at the apex by a clustering of the brown dots, and beyond, showing from the upper surface; the brown dots are confined to the costa, the apical and the outer portions of the wing; a diffused brown discal spot. ‘ Secondaries darker ochraceous than above. Costa and costal region thickly sprinkled with dark brown dots. From near the apex, a brown shade curves downward and then inward, losing itself opposite the cell ; beyond this to the outer margin the wing is darker ochraceous than else- where. No discal spot. Abdomen beneath concolorous with the outer margin of the second- aries. ‘Tibiz and tarsi of the anterior and middle legs, lead colored. Expanse of wings, 3.12 inches ; length of body, 0.94 inch. Flabitat, Racine, Wisconsin. One female, captured by, and in the collection of, P. R. Hoy, M. D., of Racine. This species can at once be separated from all other known American species, by its pale ochraceous color, and the very distinct and oblique transverse band dividing the wing into two nearly equal parts. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. It is closely allied, judging trom the description and figure in Zrans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. i., p. 11, pl. i, fig. 2, to the Mexican species Adelo- cephala quadrilineata Gr.—Rob., in the shape of its wings and thorax, the sharply defined, straight and very oblique transverse band, the absence of a median band on the secondaries, and the leaden coloration of the tibiz and tarsi. The more prominent points of difference are, a more distinct sub-basilar band and the transverse band farther removed from the apex on the primaries, and the more extended reddish area of the secondaries in A. guadrilineata. A. bisecta, in all probability, occurs also in Texas. I am informed by Mr. O. von Meske that he has carefully examined an example which had been received from Mr. Boll, of Texas, which he has no hesitation in regarding as the f of the above described 2. From a very recent inspection of the specimen, he is able to recall its more acute primaries, a deeper yellow color, the transverse line of the same course but stronger, the brown bordering of the inner margin, and a deeper red of the secondaries. ON CERTAIN HYMENOPTERA. BY W. H. PATTON, WATERBURY, CONN. PREDACEOUS SAWFLIES. On two occasions I have observed AW/antus basilaris (Say) Nort. 9 devouring another insect ; in one instance the larva of a Chrysopa, in the other a small flower beetle of the genus Phalacrus. Although no such habit has been recorded previously in regard to any American species, it does not appear to be entirely without precedent among the European members of this family, for, according to Westwood, (Introd., ii., 109) “Various species, however, (Z: viridis, scalaris, etc.) attack and devour living insects which frequent the same plants, as observed by St. Fargeau (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1834, p. 11) and Dahlbom (Prod. Hym. Scand., p. 38).” The choice of its prey made by the A//antus in the instances hai al THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 observed does not warrant us in regarding the insect as beneficial, although the predaceous habits and some correlated peculiarities of structure tend to show that the imago may prove to be so. Upon what plant the larva feeds is unknown. The mandibles of A//antus, as of many other saw- flies, are asymmetrical, the teeth onthe right mandible being more acute than those on the left; but the resemblance which they bear to the man- dibles of Cycinde/a is very striking and would of itself suggest a similarity of habits. Of the restricted genus A//antus two species occur in the eastern United States, and, as they have not hitherto been clearly defined, I append their distinguishing characters : 1. ALLANTUS BASILARIS. Tenthredo basilaris Say, Long’s 2nd Ex., i., 316 (1824). A. basilaris Norton, Bost. Jour. N. H., vii., 240, 9 (1860). «Frans. Am: Ent. Soc., i, 361 (exck: van a, @), (1867). ft 2. Antenne short, black ; basal joint straw yellow. Markings on legs and thorax clear yellow. ?. Del A Be St, 11,362 (28679, g ¢. Antennz longer; ferruginous basal joints generally paler Markings on legs and often those on thorax piceous yellow. %. Meso-pleura black. ¢. Abdomen black, the second, third and fourth segments yellow ; posterior tarsi piceous yellow ; a small yellow spot on meso-pleura, pectus black. g var. (one specimen). Antenne black, a pale spot on pectus. In dubius the wings are darker and the size slightly larger; the vertex is more coarsely punctured, not so highly polished, and often it is orna- 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. mented with piceous markings which are wanting in dasi/aris. There is generally less yellow on the legs, cheeks, collar, scutellum, basal plates and abdomen (éasz/aris 9 sometimes has spots on the tst, 2nd and 3rd segments) of dudzus than of dasi/aris ; but these characters vary in both species. Both species occur in New England from the latter part of July to the latter part of August, dvdzus frequenting the low grounds, dasilaris the hills. A RARE XIPHIDRIA AND ITS PARASITE. XIPHIDRIA ATTENUATA @. X. attenuatus Nort., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila.,i., p. 144 (1862), f. = * Trans. Am, mt. 50¢,.\ib, 0.354, (oe ¢. Head and thorax black ; tibiz and tarsi pale ; wings hyaline ; abdomen red, with six yellow spots. Length 0.40 in. ; expanse 0.64 in. Antenne 16-jointed, black, piceous beneath, especially towards tip. Face below and between antennz, palpi and base of mandibles, fulvous. Eyes, except for a short space above, bordered with yellow, the border covering nearly the whole cheek and the anterior and posterior borders extending backwards to meet on the edge of the occiput, thereby enclosing a spot above the eyes which is black in the centre but shading through piceous into the yellow borders. Space about the ocelli finely rugose, with delicate ridges radiating from each ocellus; vertex behind ocelli polished. A pit or deep puncture midway between lower ocellus and the insertion of antenne. Thorax closely and finely rugulose, scutellum and enclosure on basal plates polished. Tegule, minute spots before tegule, one each side above anterior wing, and the cenchri, yellow. Trochanters, tips of coxe and of femora dull yellow ; femora piceous, posterior pair black ; basal half of tibize and basal joints of tarsi, except at tip, yellow ; the remainder of tibiz and tarsi fulvous, becoming brownish on the pos- terior tibiz. Wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures and stigma pale piceous. Basal half of the first segment of abdomen black and roughened with fine confluent punctures; the remainder of this segment and portions of the terminal segment are darker than the other segments of the red polished abdomen. A yellow spot on each side of segments three, four and seven, those on the seventh segment being the largest. Sheath of the ovipositor black ; abdomen beneath, except at base of ovipositor, red, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 One specimen. Connecticut, June 6th, 1873. Taken from a dead stick of Betula nigra. My aitention was drawn to the spot by finding a Rhyssa humida (Say) with its ovipositor firmly driven into the wood. Upon cutting into the stick, this specimen, together with a pupa of the male and several horn-tailed larvae, were found. The antenne of the pupa are bent down upon the sides of the face and up -along the back of the head. One of the larvee changed to pupa (female, length 0.32 in.) on the 21st of July. The male agrees well with Norton’s description as given in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., and is very unlike the - female. RHYSSA HUMIDA (Say, Bost. Jour., i., p. 224, female. Walsh, Tr. St. Louis Acad. Sci., ili., p. 108, female). The specimen differs from Say’s description only in minute characters of sculpture and coloration which Say omitted, but which appear in Walsh’s more detailed account. From Walsh’s description it differs in having no white spot on the metathorax and no “faint, brown cloud in the inner angle of the radial area.” The length of body is slightly less _ than half an inch. A NEW CATOCALA FROM FLORIDA. BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., Director of the Museum, Buffalo Society Natural Sciences. - Catocala sinuosa, n. s. This species is allied to C. coccinata, but very distinct from that and all other described species. Fore wings whitish gray, paler, but lines much as in coccinafa. ‘The t. p. line has the double sub-equal teeth and the long inward and thicker indentation above internal vein. Hind wings crimson. The median band reduced to a sinuate, unusually narrow and abbreviate fascia which looks like an elongate discal mark rather than the usual band. Hind margin with the black band continuous, not quite attaining anal angle. Beneath largely shaded with bright red on both wings, the black fascia reduced to unusually narrow stripes; on the hind wings discontinued. Abdomen gray. Size of coccinata. Very different in character from the Texan var. cérce of coccinata, which seems to inter- grade with the type form. Two specimens Florida, Mr. Albert Koebele. 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. REMARKS, CRITICAL AND SUGGESTIVE, ON THE GENUS LIMENITIS EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. BY ROBERT M. GREY, KENWOOD, ALBANY CO., N. Y. Demonstrations from examples taken by me during the past three years, and from examples taken in Farmington, Conn., twenty years ago, _give indubitable evidence that our Zimenitis are plastic forms of one species, accommodating themselves readily to the environment, assuming colors from climatic effect or different seasons and localities, or for purposes of protection—the form Z. disippus being mimetic of plexippus, as already suggested by authors. My conclusions are drawn from the following observations: Near the Hudson River I find wrsula and proserpina in close association, each partaking of the markings of the other, evidently one brood, alighting on the same heap of pomace ; expansion of wings three to three and a half inches. About six miles from the river ursula and proserfina are equally abundant, with a few arthemis and rarely a disippus. Expansion of the wings of the four about two and a half inches ; all found in one glade. From this to the highest tables of the Helderberg Hills, ursuda gradually disappears and only proserpina and arthemis are found, the latter most abundant. In the low lands disippus, ursula and proserpina are only found; in intermediate broken lands wssula, proserpina and arthemis are chiefly found ; at the highest altitudes only prvoserpina and arthemis are found, and examinations of many examples from the different localities show that these forms approach each other very closely. In December, 1877, I sent a melanitic form of disippus to W. H. Edwards, Esq., for his examination, and in a communication written to Mr. Edwards at the time, I ventured the assertion of all being one species. As Mr. Edwards did not notice it in a future communication, I took it as a gentle way of dealing with an absurdity. From captures made. since I am convinced that all our Zimenitis have one origin. In proof I have in my collection a disi#pus without the division line on secondaries ; some with narrow and others with broad mesial lines. In one example the dividing line is extended to a broad band, with blue crescents in marginal, and red lunules in submarginal band. An arthemis from the white band to margin is the exact counterpart of it; in one example, on the under surface of secondaries inside of mesial line, are white lunules. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 I have a melanitic form of d7sifpus with all the markings of ursula on the under surface,and an ursuz/a that mimics this at the apex of superior wings, and is suffused with tawny red to base of wing. One wssula has a bright red under surface, and so on through many examples blending into each other in color, proving all to be of one origin. The larve feed on much the same food plants. | The larvee of disifpus and ursula are held by many collectors to be undistinguishable. ANOTHER BEE ENEMY. BY A. J. COOK, LANSING, MICHIGAN. About one year ago I received a small bug from a gentleman in Mary- land, together with the information that it was a serious enemy of the honey bee. It was stated that this bug would lie concealed among the flowers, and upon occasion would grasp a bee, and, holding it off at arm’s length, would suck out its blood and life. More recently, I have heard of the same insect, with the same habits, in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, and “more recently, through the editor of Gleanings, from Minnesota, and later still, from V. W. Keeney, Shirland, Ill. In one case it was stated that the bug had the power, which it was not slow to use, of stinging quite severely. This same insect has been observed by both Prof. W. J. Beal and myself, at this place, resting on flowers, in which it is often almost | concealed, awaiting an opportunity to capture and defluidize its prospec- tive victims. WHAT IS IT? This is a Hemipteron, or true bug, and belongs to the family Phyma- tide Uhr. It is the Phymata erosa, Fabr., the specific name erosa_ refer- ring to its jagged appearance. It is also called the “‘stinging bug,” in reference to its habit of repelling intrusion by a painful thrust with its sharp, strong beak. BIBLIOGRAPHY. This insect is mentioned by the lamented Dr. B. D. Walsh (Am. Entomol., vol. 1, p. 141), who facetiously compares its intelligence with = ‘ r . . - 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. that of the highest bipeds, who are often ignorant of the difference between a bee and a beetle, nor could they safely grasp the former. Yet this humble bug does know the distinction, and holds the bee well off, so as safely to suck out its substance. On p. 25, vol. 2, of the same work, this insect is briefly described and its habits given. Dr. A. S. Packard speaks of this stinging bug, in the American Vafuralist, vol 1, p. 329, and also in his Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 552, where the insect is figured. Mr. Townend Glover, late of the Agricultural Department, in his beautiful work on the Hemiptera, p. 57, has described the habits of this bug, and has given three figures of it, Plate III., Fig. 13. Prof. P. R. Uhler, our greatest American authority in this sub-order, in “ Hemip- tera West of the Mississippi,” p. 58, speaks of the habits of the Phymata ervosa. In thecurrent volume of the Country Gentleman, p. 551, the able entomological editor, Prof. J. A. Lintner, in response to a correspondent, gives a brief account of the habits, etc., of this same insect. DESCRIPTION. The “stinging bug” (Fig. 1) is somewhat jagged in appearence, about three-eighths of an inch long, and generally of a yellow color, though Fic. 1—Side view, natural size. Fic. 2—Magnified Twice. Fic. 3—Beak, much magnified. this latter seems quite variable. Frequently there is a distinct greenish hue. Beneath the abdomen, and on the back of the head, thorax and abdomen, it is more or less specked with brown; while across the dorsal aspect of the broadened abdomen is a marked stripe of brown (Fig. 2, d,d). Sometimes this stripe is almost wanting, sometimes a mere patch, while rarely the whole abdomen, is very slightly marked, and as often we find it almost wholly brown above and below The legs (Fig. 2, b), beak -and antennze, a) are greenish yellow. The beak (Fig. 3) has three joints (Fig. 3, a, b, c) anda sharp point (Fig. 3, d). This beak is not only the great weapon of offence, but also the organ through which the food is ie THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 sucked. By the use of this, the insect has gained the soubriquet of stinging bug. This compact jointed beak is peculiar to all true bugs, and by observing it alone, we are able to distinguish all the very varied forms of this group. The antenna (Fig 4) is four-jointed. The first joint (Fig. 4, a) is short, the second and third (Fig. 4, b and c) are long and slim, while the terminal one (Fig. 4, d) is much enlarged. This enlarged joint is one of the characteristics of the genus Phymata, as described by Fic. 4— Antenna, much magnified. Fic. 5—Anterior Leg, magnified—exterior view. Latreille. But the most curious structural peculiarity of this insect, and the chief character of the genus Phymata, is the enlarged anterior legs (Figs. 5,6 and 7). These, were they’ only to aid in locomotion, would seem like awkward, clumsy organs, but when we learn that they are used to grasp and hold their prey, then we can but appreciate and admire their modified form. The femur (Fig. 5, b) and the tarsus (Fig. 5, a) are Fic. 6—Interior view. Fic. 7—Claw extended. Fic. 8—Middle Leg—much magnified. toothed, while the latter is greatly enlarged. From the interior lower aspect of the femur (Fig. 6) is the small tibia, while on the lower edge of the tarsus (Fig. 6, d) is a cavity in which rests the single claw. The other four legs (Fig. 7) are much as usual. HABITS. This insect, as already intimated, is very predaceous, lying in wait, often almost concealed, among flowers, ready to capture and destroy unwary plant lice, caterpillars, beetles, butterflies, moths, and even bees ame ee, fr — 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and wasps. We have already noticed how well prepared it is for this -work by its jaw-like anterior legs, and its sharp, strong, sword-like beak. Mr. Keeney says he caught the one he sent on goldenrod. This plant, from its very color, tends to conceal the bug, and from the very character of the plant—being attractive as a honey-plant to bees—the slow bug is enabled to catch the spry and active honey-bee. VERDICT. As Prof. Uhler well says of the “stinging bug”: “It is very useful in destroying caterpillars and other vegetable-feeding insects, but is not very discriminating in its tastes, and would as soon seize the useful honey bee as the pernicious saw-fly.”. And he might have added that it is equally indifferent to the virtues of our friendly insects like the parasitic and pre- daceous species. . We note, then, that this bug is not wholly evil, and as its destruction would be well-nigh impossible, for it is as widely scattered as are the flowers in which it lurks, we may well rest its case, at least until its destructiveness becomes more serious than at present. ~ TO OUR ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. By referring to the second page of the cover of the present issue, it will be seen that the yearly fee for associate members of the Entomological Society of Ontario has been reduced—those residing in the United States to one dollar, those in Great Britain to four shillings sterling. _ We sin- cerely hope that this reduction will result in a considerable increase in our membership. Our journal is doing a good work and we are anxious to enlarge the sphere of its usefulness. If each one of our members will exért themselves a little and send in their own and as many additional subscriptions as they can obtain, they will greatly aid us in our endeavors to further the interests of Entomology. I have returned from my Fourth Annual Collecting Tour to Nevada. with a Fine Series of Insects, of all orders, and particularly CoLEOPTERA and LEPIDOPTERA. I have also a good many specimens from my trips to Colorado and Georgia, and from other parts of the country. SPECIMENS PERFECT AND CORRECTLY NAMED. - TERMS REASONABLE, Address, H. K. MORRISON, Box 22. Morganton, Burke, Co., North Carolina. Sale Agency for N. A. Lepidoptera, Etc. Collectors in Lepidoptera and other Orders (except Coleoptera) having surplus which they desite to place ON SALE, are requested to write the undersigned. If sufficient interest is found, frequent short lists will be issued, beginning at an early date. Persons wishing to buy, sending mem. of wants or applying for lists, will be answered as soon as material accumulates. THOS. E. BEAN, 506 Olive St. (Room 43), St. Louis, Mo. POR S.A 2.2 - THREE HUNDRED LUNA COCOONS—These have been care- fully reared, and warranted not to be Ichneumonized. Address—- MISS NATTIE AUKETELL, Delafield, Waukesha Co., Wis. Pins, Labels, Boxes and Pita. Pins.—Mueller (Carlsbad), 36 mm., Nos. 1-8; do., 39 mm., Nos. 1-1r. Klaeger (Berlin), 36 mm., Nos. 00-5, and (after April, 1878,) 39 mm., Nos. oo-7 [equal Mueller, Nos. 1-7, 10, 11]. Price per 1,000: No. 1, $1.35; Nos. 4-8, $1.10; other Nos., $1.20. Price per 5,000: $6.5, $5.00 and $5.50. Transportation free. List of Labels, 2 cents. Boxes.—35X25x1o cm., for storing, 45 cts.; smaller, for mailing, 6, 8 and Io cts. Pita, for lining, $1.80 per square metre. Transportation on boxes and Pita, extra. Al// Prices in gold. B. PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA BY W. H. EDWARDS. Houghton, Osgood & Co., Boston, have issued Part 7, Volume 2, of THE BUTTERFLIES OF NorTH AMERICA. © Price $2.50, Contents: Papilio Zudra; Anthocaris Genutea, A. Fulia; Colias Lurytheme and its form Ariadne; Phyciodes Zharos and form Marcia ; P. Phaon, P. Vesta. A a f etc: Natural Histo _ This Magazine contains much ori oj United ute grt 45. per annum, Pe tpai American Naturalist. zy - A I'am tdesirous of Mihi as | America ORT ‘ICID, Bh py possible for the purpose of studyin hi ‘Ae gl: /to name, and | return to any who wili forward th = te S all | _ save such as may prove new and desirabl - Lalso desire to correspond with any who are i € su c in parts 0 of North America Ro ‘eon Be a ey pe Waa . ’ - ‘ Wy he is ys ny / © Partels ‘pp. 98, 5: ith: Rialanease i |}. yctae and Ne octuelitae [Nonfasciatae. | P invert 2 , with prefatory. note in reply to ‘(Noctuelitae, [Fasciatae] Deltoides and Noet ; The two pacts sapere the work, wi hive’ ste ai - Mak ty 4 Tho Ca Wes ie i: ste Santas | ¥ Rep rt “The work Saal he > a, _ orth : "aban Noctuid fauna. te —Dr. Ae A ess illustrated Monthly a Q and Illustrations in each numb numbers, 35 cents. ; } : s 3 | MRA | 1, P. Sa aianeee ie Lane, Lond Si, See eS Fanadan Entomologist. y x s — ’ ~ VOLUME Xt. WM. SAUNDERS, : = LONDON, ONTARIO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Published by the . ft Seasieus tama Society of Ontario. ead 3 é a? ¢ General Editor: -—W. SAUNRERS. Lotidn, Ontario. Editing Committee :—Rev. C. J. S. Beriiuxe, M. A., Port eae and Messrs. ‘EL Ba AYNES Rime, London ;. and G. J. BownEs, Montreal. on + me a nt ‘ ANNUAL PB ES OF MEMBERSHIP: ee ee @ For Ordinary Members) <2. .<...- 2.0... cnet RREMRET. © shila. simp ers x As'de see ch ee age Pe. 81 OD For Associate Members i in the United States ee are «= See eeee sence creer sere eee: ae : + 5 e 00 For Associate Members in England,...... he, reseeeeee Woe inc cars cis. odie ae bal + 4s. sterling The Fees are payable in advance on the st of J: fanuary in ‘oieh year, and their adie a, the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications during the year. — "es ee Remittances and other business communications should be addressed to the Secretary- Tre asurer of the Society, Jas. H. Bowman, London, ea ‘All Mak: and articles for inse1 ny ete,, to the General Editor. ¥ eS - CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vols. 1 to 9—Price $1y per Volume. : Single numbers furnished when required —10 cents each ; $1 per dozen. TaN -* Correspondence is invited respecting. the habits, localitigs,, eccurrence, &c., of ‘isects, as this Journal 1s intended to be a medium for i md of observations made | ai all parts of the “mt a AD VERTISING RA TES: o% oD abet, For First Insertion, er hine,.2;./..4 i335 A Ce er ae Meee A Rt Ro hes "> ele ene Each Subsequent Insertion, NOP ANS S me Bois oe Sane ea paneer ae ee ene t ees ceeeeeeeas guae be 10 Lines to One Inch. . ape a ah A Ray ee . ae ead eae ‘3 . SUPPLIES MOR BATH: PEL Ot Cork.—Usual thickness, 18 cts. (gold) per square foot ; double, 30 cts. (gold) per square foot. ‘ List OF CANADIAN CoLEopTERA.—Price 15 cents each, embracing 55 families, 432 genera, and 1231 species. (For labelling cabinets. ) Primted Numbers, in sheets, 1to zo, for labelling ‘cabinets. -Priee 10 cents each set. Y, Exromouoaicar, Pins.—From Nos. 1to6 sjuoinatte, 60 cents: a Paper of 500, or, where not less than 5,000 are ordered, $1 per thousand. Sizes smaller than No. , 75 cents per paper. — These prices are exclusive of cost of transportation, and orders will tra state whether the package 2 is to be sent by mail or express. ra th HARDWICKE’S | SCIENCE GOSSIP. A Monthly, Medium of Interchange and Gossip - for is ae Lovers of Nature. Eeiited by FE Byler PL, S., re ae 3 This Journal will be mailed direct to any address in the U. S. or Canada, on receipt of the annual subscription —7s. aay Currency, — or $r. go U. S. Currency. “ HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192 Piccadilly, London, Eng. JOHN AKHURST, — Re Taxidermist, No. 32 Nassau Street, Brooklyn, N ew warts kee constantly on hand for sale, Sheet Cork for insect boxes—size, 12 x 33x 4; ; $1.25 pe sheets. Entomological pins, of Klager and other German makers, $1. 25 1 4 also dealer i in native and exotic pi skins, birds’ eggs, Site &e., » fae eee ws ea " " Butterflies and | Moths Bs for pipes etc. Y 4 A COMPLETE SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE of . Ses to v added a FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY, a glossary of terms, a descriptive list of localities, andi the food-plants of the larva. Diurnes. 8vo, pp. vi, ie Sent | by mall) prepaid on | receipt of $2.00 by a ae HERMAN STRECKER, Box 111 Reading P. ‘Oss Pennsylvania, | we The Canadian Entomoloaist. WILE XT, LONDON, ONT., FEBRUARY, 1879. No. 2 THE GOLDSMITH BEETLE (Cotalpa lanigera). BY THE EDITOR. This is, without doubt, the most beautiful of our leaf-eating beetles. It is nearly an inch in length (fig. 9), of a broad oval’ form, with the wing cases of a rich yellow color, with a pale metallic lustre, while the top of the head and thorax gleams like burnished gold of a brillant reddish cast. The under surface has a polished coppery hue, and is thickly covered with whitish wool; this latter char- acteristic Having suggested its specific name /anigera (wool-bearer). This insect appears late in May and during the month of June. Itis distributed over a very wide area, embracing most of the northern United States and Canada, and - although seldom very abundant, it is rarely that a season passes without more or less of them being seen. During Fig. 9. the day they are inactive and may be found clinging to the under side - of the leaves of trees, often drawing together two or three leaves—which they hold with their sharp claws—for the purpose of concealing them- selves. At dusk they issue from their hiding places and fly about with a buzzing sound among the branches of trees, the tender leaves of which they devour ; the Pear tree, the Oak, Poplar, Hickory, Silver Abele and ‘Sweet Gum all suffer more or less from their attacks. Like the May Bug, this beautiful creature is often attracted by light, and flies into open win- dows on summer evenings, dashing in a bewildered sort of way against everything it meets with, to the great alarm of nervous inmates. Insome seasons they occur in considerable abundance, and may then be readily captured by shaking the trees on which they are lodged in the day-time, when they do not attempt to fly, but fall at once to the ground. dap THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The beetle is short-lived. The female deposits her eggs in the ground during the latter part of June, and having thus provided for the continu- ance of her species, dies. The eggs are laid during the night, singly and at different depths, the number probably not exceeding twenty in all. They are very large for the size of the beetle, being nearly one-tenth of an inch in length, of a long ovoid form and white translucent appearance. In less than a month the young larva is hatched; it is of a dull white color, with a brown polished horny head and the extremity of the abdomen lead color. The mature larva (fig. 10) is a thick, whitish, fleshy grub, very Similar in appearance to that of the com- mon May Bug, familiarly known as “the White Grub.” It £2 lives in the ground and feeds on the roots of plants, and on this account it is sometimes very destructive to straw- berry patches. ee Several years are required to bring this grub to maturity ; finally it reaches its full growth in the fall, and changes to the perfect beetle early the following spring. THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF INSECTS. BY GEORGE D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y. It is our desire in the present article to call attention to two pretty well established laws of nomenclature, that with a few seconding words on our part, the laws may, “to those whom it may concern,” preach the importance and necessity of their being observed and obeyed. tst. ‘All scientific names must be Latin or must be Latinized.” The laws which govern the structure of the Latin language must apply in every case in the making of the binomial combination, In the making of the’ binomial, four methods of construction are in use. The generic name is alwaysa noun. ‘The specific name is (a)'a proper name in apposition with this, as Papilio ajax, the Papilio called ajax ; (b) an adjective giving some description or characteristic, as Codias occidentalis—the western Colias, Cossus Centerensis—the Cossus living at THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yA Center ; (c) anoun in the genitive case, giving the food plant, the country in which it lives, or the person in whose honor it is named, as Pyrameis cardui—the Pyrameis of the Thistle, Avgynnis Edwardsii—Edwards’ Ar- gynnis ; (d) a noun with a participle understood governing it, as Zhecla M-album, the Thecla with a white M. In following these, which we believe include directly or indirectly all combinations, the rules of Latin grammar must apply. Under class “a” a feminine name must not be joined to a masculine noun. It is just the same as saying the girl John, as to utter such a combination as AZelitaea phaeton or Danais archifpus. Duty in the matter is simple and easy. Fulius and Fulia are exactly the same word, with terminations to express sex. A person comes to us clothed as a man, and professing to be a man, and is called Julius. It transpires afterwards that this person is a woman ; we must, by the compulsion of language and her sex, call her Julia. We must, or ought to, write and say Melitaea phactona, Danais archippa, and so on through the list. - Woderclassb)” the adjective must be Latin, and must agree in gender with the generic noun. A word is not necessarily Latin because it ends in ws or a. Combinations to express specific points are important and to be sought after, but should be made according to law, and in all cases the gender of the adjective should agree with the gender of the noun—e. g., we should write—we must write, if our worthy Editor will allow me so to say—Fagilio brevicaudws Saun., not P. brevicauda Saun. This error is a wonderfully common one, but can be very easily remedied. Under classes “c” and “d” mistakes are not often made. But while it may be Latin, it is not always the best Latin, to make a proper name by adding ws or zs to what is English. It certainly is curious that the vast majority of modern Latin names are of the second declension. One can look through a catalogue and not find an example of the third. Still, as long as it is. grammatically correct, no fault can be found with a proper name, though it be an anomaly like Pap. Coon, or a curiosity like Hewitsonius, in place of Hewiitson, genitive Hewitsonis. Authors are not always to blame for the bad Latin. ‘Their species are tossed from genus to genus, as systematising goes on ; but we have about reached the possible limit of genera, and species are probably settled in the places they will occupy, and, as a rule, all new genera are feminine. Our catalogues ought to give, so far as possible, an end to these errors. It 5, Set 6 Be ae eeu si a 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. is a pity that some of them seem ‘to be beyond remedy, some which, by reason of the combination, have a ludicrous meaning, as Sesca Schmidtit- jormis ; some are beyond change, because the specific word has no feminine form, as Ludaimonia Fehovah. The former combination is allowable, for .the Latin will pass muster ; and perhaps the honored Mr. Schmidt is such an attenuated example of that well-known group of the genus homo, that the meaning is after all applicable. But the latter com- bination cannot be defended. “This is a free country,” and each one can follow out his own ideas of what is reverential and fitting, but our freedom gives no right to murder either language or sense. Just translate the binomial, Zudaimonia Fehovah, the beautiful female demon Jehovah; I suppose demon is right enough, for the insect has long tails, and as Spenser*would put it, ‘‘fearfulle horns,’ but take it altogether, there seems to be, to put it very mildly, some incongruity. We hope Mr. Strecker, who has been our very kind and generous friend, will not leave that name as a monument for future scholars to gaze upon and wonder at. And we wish cataloguists would be bold enough to put such, and all monstrosities, into some proper shape, for the sake of those who read and for the sake of the authors. We would like the future to have kindly feelings towards all of us who will then be the past. 2nd. “ Specific terminations must be made to conform to terminations universally received, and subserving a useful purpose.” This, of course,’ if construction and sense will allow.. The Tineina, Tortricina, Pyralidina and Geometre have each, as a rule, certain specific terminations. Mr. Packard has done the science a good turn in his “ Geometrid Moths,” by giving the proper-terminations to all specific names. But grammar and sense are the highest law, and so there may be redemption even for Mr. Schmidt from his sad fate. We are aware much can be said against these laws, which we do not pretend are laws as uttered by competent authority. There are two arguments to defend their disobedience: (a) the following of them will make now, and for all time to come, endless confusion ; and (b) the specific name is not an adjective, but a term to express the individual—as we say among men, its Christian name. It is as proper to say Mary Thomas as to say Yohn Thomas. It is as proper to say Argynnis mon- tinus as to say Argynnis montina. Itis the Argynnis whose given name is montinus. 'To the argument ‘‘a” we say, then we ought to give up the pretence of writing scientific names in Latin. There is no possible con- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 fusion to those who understand that language, and check lists and cata- logues create the nomenclature of those who do not. To the argument “b” we say, while we confess what would otherwise be grammatical errors are thus justified, it is impossible to look upon this family idea as existing in fact. Gender may be arbitrary in some languages, but it is _arbitrary to the individual word only. The sun may be considered mascu- line, but then @// suns are masculine. If Papilio be masculine, then all Papiliones are masculine. And, taking the generic name as a family name, so that promiscously masculine and feminine words may be joined to it, there are already existing and universally received names which could not thus be used—ze. g., Pyrameis cardui, and all names, such as Argynnis Edwardsit, named in honor of any one. If the specific name is an individual name, it is indeclinable unless with the generic name. And surely, then, these must be Pyramets carduus and Argynnis Ed- wardsius. Again, if specific names are given names, they should always be begun with a capital letter—which in descriptive adjectives (more common as names of the Geometrz and Noctuz), no one ever thinks of writing. And yet, again, it is impossible to get a noun or name idea in specific names which is an adjective. Weremember how the old Puritans ransacked the Bible and their own brains to get expressive names for their children ; but they gave the names in the noun form. It was Charity, not Charitable—or at the most, if an adjective, it was grammatical in its use. The adjective idea remains permanent. Hefialus argenteo-maculatus is, it is true, the Hepzalus called by that name ; but it is as well true that it is the Hepialus that is silver-spotted. We may be dull, and that may be the explanation, but we cannot comprehend that the names of insects are arbitrary, as are the names which designate men and women. Can we not rightly make an appeal for the observance of these laws ? ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO FOR THE YEAR 1878. The Annual Report of our Society to the Department of Agriculture of Ontario has just issued from the press, and will be mailed to our mem- bers in the course of a few days. ae ke ee ee ee ay ae Pe 5 . °6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ON GRAPHIPHORA AND. NEW N. AM. NOCTUID. BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., Director of the Museum, Buffalo Society Natural Sctences. As our acquaintance with the numerous forms of this group increases the arbitrary division of the individuals into species and the species into genera becomes a matter of increasing difficulty. At the same time this does not absolve us from a careful study of the organism in all its parts, and a correction of former groupings becomes as obligatory as the publi- cation of the original observation. The limits of the genera Mamestra and Graphiphora are not always easy to establish from the imago, widely though they are usually separated. Both are distinguishable by the hairy eyes from all naked-eyed Noctuz, and by the unarmed tibiz from all genera (e. g. Agrotis) which have one pair or more spinose. But AMamestra is tufted more or less obviously on thorax and dorsum of abdomen, and Graphiphora ( = Taeniocampa of authors) is without these tufts. Speci- mens received from California, and not in very good condition, have been referred by me to Mamestra and Dianthoecia, which, from fresh material received from Dr. J. S. Bailey, I now refer to Graphiphora. These are: Graphiphora puerilis. Mamestra puerilis Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S., IL, p. 9. Graphiphora rufula. Dianthoecia rufula Grote, Bull. B. S. N. S., II., p. 64 (May, 1874). The genus Dianthoecia is established for Mamestras with exserted ovi- positors. I have elsewhere expressed the idea that such a divisionis untenable, because species very similar in general appearance are separated by it. And in @raphiphora we have species with the ovipositor exserted (oviduca) and not (incerta). So far as I can see, the relative position of the ovipositor may vary in one species. The type of w/fu/a has it exserted. Fresh females show no evidence of it. ‘There is a variation in the color of ruwfu/a from reddish to gray, which is interesting. The ‘ variety at first sight looks like a different species, but I have a specimen which seems to me intermediary in shade, and we have a wide range of ¥ color in incerta. Among the species which I now range among the Gra- phiphoree is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. , PA Graphiphora modesta. Dianthoecia modesta Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., 144, Nov., 1874. I retain in Mamestra Dianthoecia meditata Grote, which shows a series of minute abdominal tufts at base, and on this and other accounts does not seem to me to be intimately allied to modesta. The species of Graphiphora may be divided according to the structure of the male antenne. At the present time I only indicate the following two genera which we may not be able to distinguish from Gvaphiphora. I am not able to distinguish them myself, but am more concerned to draw in genera of my own erection at the present writing. Renewed attention must be paid to them when more material is accessible. These are Orthodes of Gueneé and Pseudorthodes of Mr. Morrison. ee an cee | b* : ASHI See ee ee Benn f ie a y EXPLANATION OF CuT.—a, young larva of Gemma magnified ; a?, head of same; 2, mature larva magnified; 47, head of same ; ¢, chrysalis. AFTER FIRST MOULT—Length .18 inch; thicker in middle seg- ments than at last stage, and tapering posteriorly more rapidly ; the tails longer, more slender, brown-tipped ; each segment several times creased, and upon the summit of each ridge so caused is a row of white tubercles, each with a short white hair ; color dark green, banded and striped longi- tudinally with white ; on middle of dorsum a dark green band edged on either side with pale green, and next, on the extreme part of dorsal area, a white stripe ; a similar stripe over feet, and between these on middle of side are two white lines contiguous ; under side bluish-green ; legs and feet green ; head sub-pyriform, higher in proportion than at first stage, the top excavated roundly ; on each vertex a long, tapering, divergent horn, slightly curved forward, the length being about equal to length of face ; color of head brown, pale in front and green-tinted ; from base of each horn a dark stripe passes down the side, and in front is a second stripe ; horns dark brown. Duration of this stage in August 5 days, in October 10, In May 7. AFTER SECOND MOULT.—Length .34 inch; shape as at last stage, the tails longer in proportion; color pale green, striped as before ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo head deep green in front, dull green at back, the stripes brown and horns brown. Duration of this stage in August 5 days, in May 8. AFTER THIRD MOULT.—Length .55 inch ; one day later .75 to end of horns, which are held in the plane of the body, the face being - bent down asin Apatura ; shape as at last two stages ; in the summer and fall larve the color of body is now reddish-buff, the dorsal band dark brown ; the sub-dorsal stripe reduced to a broken dark brown line, only distinct at the extreme hinder end of each segment from 3 to 10, making in effect a line of spots ; on the middle of the side a dark brown stripe ; at base a rounded ridge, buff colored, and beneath it a brown line ; head shaped as before, but higher and the horns less divergent ; color of face green, with brown stripes as before ; the horns brown in front, and as well as the head gray-brown behind ; as the larva advances the green of the face is replaced by brown, and the colors of the body change gradu- ally to buff and reddish-gray, the former the dorsal color, the other of the sides (figs. 4,2°). There was nofourth moult, the stage just described lasting till maturity, at which the larval length was.go to.95 inch. In the summer (August) brood the larva ceased feeding on the eighth day after the third moult, spun a button of white silk, suspended on the ninth day, and changed to chrysalis on tenth. The larva which I fed in October became lethargic 3rd November. On 24th of that month, after a few warm days, it was discovered to be active, and had recently “passed its third moult. It fed at intervals (being kept in a warm room) till the 1st of February, when it suspended and made chrysalis on 4th. On 17th April, 1878, I captured a female Gemma, and obtained a number of eggs, from which eight larve reached chrysalis. All these were green at third moult, and to maturity, and the chrysalids were green. LARVA OF SPRING BROOD, AFTER THIRD MOULT—Color bright yellow-green ; the medio-dorsal band dark green; on the sides three yellow lines (one sub-dorsal and heavier than the other), and at base a yellow raised stripe ; tails pink-tipped ; head greenish-white on front face and at back, the stripes dark brown, the horns reddish-brown. Time from third moult to chrysalis 5 to 6 days, _ CHRYSALIS—Length .52, greatest breadth .14 inch; shape cylin- drical, thickest at 6th and 7th segments ; slightly depressed on dorsum behind base of mesonotum, which is rounded, rather prominent, carinated ; head case truncated, sloping at a low angle from the mesonotum, beveled 34. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. at the sides, and ending in two long, three-sided palpi cases, which are sharp and divergent, with an angular depression between them ; a cross section of one of these cases would give a right angle, the long side a little convex ; wing cases flaring on the dorsal side ; color of dorsum and the entire abdomen, in the summer and fall examples, sordid yellow-buff, the wing, antennz and palpi cases all more yellow; the surface finely streaked with brown, mostly longitudinally and always irregularly ; from base of mesonotum to last segment a brown band ; the wing cases show an irregular, wavy, brown stripe on the disk and another on the costal margin, and each nervule ends in a blackish dot (fig. ¢). In the spring brood the chrysalids were from .46 to .50 inch, breadth -14; color blue-green, the dorsum streaked irregularly with paler or whitish-green ; the wing cases finely granulated with pale green, and with- out any stripe, but the nervules end as in the other form, in blackish dots ; there are also two such dots on the inner side of the antennz cases, at about half their length ; the outer edge of the wing cases cream color, and this is continued along the head and palpi cases ; the keel of mesonotum lightly marked by same color. Duration of this stage in May and June 8 days. The attitude of the larva when suspended is peculiar. From last seg- ment to 4th the body hangs almost perpendicular, the dorsal side incurved and ventral correspondingly curved outward ; the anterior segments are bent at a right angle, the head being turned down upon second segment. In Sosybcus, the only other spécies of Ccenonympha whose early stages are fully known to me, the attitude of the suspended larva is that of figure 6. Gemma in its larval stages resembles an Apatura (Ce/fis) more than it resembles Sosydzws. It holds the head bent under so that the horns are nearly or quite in the plane with the back. The chrysalis differs materially from any Satyrid chrysalis known to me, that is, from Sosydzus, Eurytris or Nephele. The figures of both larva and chrysalis of Gemma in Boisduval and LeConte, Plate 62, are quite wrong, and must have been drawn from some other species. The larva figured has no horns, and moreover is round headed. Gemma is not uncommon in this region, but I have found it restricted to certain localities, in open woods, or near woods, and at the proper season I can always find examples by visiting these places. It is three brooded, and, as shown above, I have raised each brood from the egg. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ow I know no other butterfly which moults three times and no more, but I have verified the fact in this case repeatedly, keeping the larvz in separate glasses and watching them through all their changes. I use half pint glasses, with tin tops, for all my larve, except the largest, as the Papilios, and for these also in their earlier stages, so that it is easy to examine and observe them. No larva moults without an interval of abstention from food, and absolute rest for 24 or more hours, and at this time the skin over head and second segment becomes white and swollen, making it impossible that a moult should be coming on without oppor- tunity of knowing it. Nearly all larvee moult four times, but P/z/enor alone of the Papilios bred by me, moults five times. Some of the hybernating larve moult but four times, as Wephele and Eurytris, others five times, as the large Argynnids. Some Argynnids which have a summer as well as winter brood, moult four times in the summer. So do Zkharos and WVyctets, but five times in the hybernating brood. Milford, 'N., Hi: Tabanus superjumentarius. 9. Length 16-19 m.m. Palpi long, slender, gray, thickly beset outwardly with short black hairs. Face and cheeks gray, with white pollen and hairs. Antenne black, base of joints reddened, upper angle of third joint prominent. Front without ocellar tubercle, coarctate anteriorly, gray with a central brown spot and brown vertex with black hairs. Callus chestnut brown, higher than wide, fusiform above. Eyes naked, uni- colorous. Thorax chocolate brown, with white stripes, the middle one narrow, geminate, abbreviate. Thorax and scutellum densely clothed with white hairs. Humeri and pleure pale carneous with black pile. Abdomen tapering, black, with dense appressed glossy hairs. Segments 3 to 6 faintly margined posteriorly with white, which expands centrally into small triangles on the anterior segments by a few white hairs. Venter black, whitish pollinose laterally, the segments margined with white and with white ciliz. Legs black, with black hairs, base of tibize testaceous interiorly. Wings tinged with fuliginous. Base, costal cell and stigma pale yellow. A faint cloud on divarication of third vein. First posterior cell slightly coarctaie. Two ¢. July 4. Milford, N. H. Labanus Dodger. ¢. Length r2-14m. m._ Face and cheeks densely covered with light gray pollen and long white hairs. Palpi whitish with white and a few black hairs. Antenne pale yellow, third joint black, upper angle rounded. Front parallel, gray, no ocellar tubercle, callus dark chestnut brown, rectangular, a little wider than high, and frequently emarginate above. A disconnected ovate lanceolate spot above. Eyes pubescent, purple, with two parallel green stripes, the upper wider; and wider than 35 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the intermediate space. Thorax brown with broad white stripes. Scu- tellum brown with black hairs. Abdomen brown with two broad white stripes of sub-equal width with the space between. Hind margin of seg- ments white. Venter dark, covered with gray pollen, hind margins white. Feet yellowish, base of femora and tips of tarsal joints infuscated. Wings hyaline, costal cell and stigma pale yellow. Veins brown. First cell open. Nine 2 received from Mr. G. M. Dodge, Glencoe, Nebraska, to whom the species is affectionately inscribed. Tabanus sparus. 9. Length g-11 m.m. Palpi yellowish-white with a few short white and black hairs. Face gray with white pollen. Antenne fulvous, third joint compressed, upper angle obtuse, annulate portion black, short. Eyes large, naked, unicolorous, dark green with a purple reflection. Front coarctate, gray, no ocellar tubercle. Callus rectangular, a connate line above. Thorax brown with light gray stripes. Scutellum concolorous. Abdomen dark brown, the segments with white margins, the central tri- angles smaller than the oblique lateral ones, which are frequently discon- nected from the margin on the posterior segments. Venter dark fulvous, black posteriorly, segment margins white. Legs varying from blackish brown to pale yellow, the base of tibiz being lightest. Wings -hyaline ; stigma pale yellow. First cell open. Milford, N. H. June and July. Abundant. One f, Prof. F. G. Sanborn, same locality, resembles 2 closely, but the black on abdominal dorsum prevails and the tip of venter is darker. This species resembles pumz/us Macq., but is larger; the spots on second segment coalesce with the margin, the eyes are unicolorous, while pumilus has two bright green parallel stripes on purple ground. PARASITE ON THE COMMON HousE-FLy.—Prof. Leidy recently stated that in examining various common animals of our household, he found a thread-worm infesting the house-fly. The worm is from a line to the tenth of an inch in length, and lives in the proboscis of the fly. It was found in numbers from one to three in about one fly in five. This parasite was first discovered by Mr. H. J. Carter, the well-known naturalist, in the house-fly of India, who described it as ilarta muscae.—Science-Gossip. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 CORRESPONDENCE. SCARCITY OF PAPILIONIDA IN NOVA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICK. DEAR SIR,— During the months of July and August last I visited several places in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and was everywhere, alike, surprised at the scarcity of Papilionidze this year. Where last summer there were swarms of Argyunis aphrodite, Colias philodice, Nymphalis arthemis, nephele, alope and Pieris rape, 1 did not see two dozen examples in all. The only arthemis I have seen this year is one obtained from a mature larva I picked up on the side-walk near my own residence. I have one dtstppus taken near St. John, July 1st. This species I think is rare here at any time ; ¢wvmus is also rare. AZelitacas have been about as abundant as usual ; Vanessa antiopa much less numerous. The commoner kinds of moths which enter our houses at night are remarkably scarce. In Nova Scotia I found large numbers of the larvee of Cynthia cardui, and later here I have seen the imagines very abundant. wunfera is much less common. At Parrsboro’, N.S., I found on cultivated grounds several young maples quite defoliated by the larvee of Orygia leucostigma. A careful search failed to discover any on the larch, poplar, willow, moun- tain ash and other trees and shrubs which were planted thickly around. On the opposite side of the street I saw a small apple ttee swarming with these caterpillars, but they do not appear to do as much injury to the apple as to the maple tree. I suggested to the owner of the apple tree that they might be picked off and destroyed before they commenced spinning, but he evidently thought it would be too much trouble. There will likely be a good crop of these caterpillars next year. CAROLINE E. HeEvstis, Carleton, St. John, N. B. DeEaR SIR,— For some two or three years back there has been no little discussion of the question, “‘ What constitutes a genus?” The opinions of many of our lepidopterists and others have been given to the gain of us all. We each had our opinions before the reading of these articles, but now are able intelligently to give a reason for our opinions. And probably the majority have been convinced that the creation of genera upon minute differences is not only unnatural, but ill-advised and unnecessary. fed Ae s 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. But with the Catalogues of Edwards and Strecker before me, and after viewing the varying conflict between Messrs. Strecker and Grote, I would like to ask ‘‘ What constitutes a species?” There is certainly a wide difference of opinion among authors upon the subject, and if we are properly, and with profit, to read their articles and study their books, we ought to know the basis upon which they work. I am aware there is, properly speaking, in nature, no such thing as a species defined by precise limits. It is impossible to tell where variety leaves off and species begins, and where one species ceases to be one, and becomes two. But when a person becomes (by the fact that he gives a ‘‘ Check List” or a “‘Catalogue” to the public) a professed systematist, we, “the public,” have some right to the ideas of truth upon which their work is based. Apart from right, however, I am sure information on this subject will be of gen- eral interest and profit. May I therefore.ask our friends to “rise and explain ?” Very truly yours, Gro. D. Hutst, Brooklyn, N. Y. Dear SiIR,— The paper by Mr. Robert M. Grey in your January number is of great interest. In it Mr. Grey takes the ground that the four Eastern so-called “species” of Zzmenztis are plastic forms of an original species modified by the environment and with essentially differing ranges in latitude and vertical height. The intermediary individuals which bear out this state- ment, and Mr. Grey’s experience in collecting the different forms, are important witnesses to the truth of his discovery. I wish to point out the fact that, in experiments in breeding these different forms, we may not expect to rear all four from one brood of larve, as a proof of Mr. Grey’s correctness. These forms of Lémenitis stand evidently in an intermediate position between varieties and species. We may expect, indeed, more or less reversion to be made clear by breeding experiments with them. But we may suppose that these forms, either from climatic or other influences, are partially crystallized. This seems to be inferable from their greater distinctness, more intense than in the cases selected from European butterflies by Weismann and shown in Papilio Ajax by Edwards. Experi- ments will doubtless allow us to arrive at some conclusion respecting the oldest of the forms, which may prove to be a7themis. A. R. Grore, Buffalo, N. Y. I have returned from my Fourth Annual Collecting Tour to Nevada. with a Fine Series of Insects, of all orders, and particularly COLEOPTERA and LEPIDOPTERA. I have also a good many specimens from my trips to Colorado and Georgia, and from other parts of the country. SPECIMENS PERFECT AND CORRECTLY NAMED. - ‘TERMS REASONABLE. Address, H. K. MORRISON, Box 22. Morganton, Burke, Co., North Carolina. Ore SS Apa THREE HUNDRED LUNA COCOONS—These have been care- fully reared, and warranted not to be Ichneumonized. Address— MISS NATTIE AUKETELL, Delafield, Waukesha Co., Wis. Pins, Labels, Boxes and Pita. Pins.—Mueller (Carlsbad), 36 mm., Nos. 1-8; do., 39 mm., Nos. 1-11. Klaeger (Berlin), 36 mm., Nos. 00-5, and (after April, 1878,) 39 mm., Nes. oo-7 [equal Mueller, Nos. 1-7, ro, 11]. Price per 1,000: No. 1, $1.35 ;. Nos. 4-8, $1.10; other Nos., $1.20. Price per 5,000: $6.50, $5.00 and $5.50. Transportation free. List of Labels, 2 cents. Boxes. —35x25x1o cm., for storing, 45 cts.; smaller, for mailing, 6, 8 and ro cts. Pita, for lining, $1.80 per square metre. Transportation on boxes and Pita, extra. A// Prices in gold. B. PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. LHESDODPTERFPLIES. OF NORTH AMERICA BY W. H. EDWARDS. Houghton, Osgood & Co., Boston, have issued Part 7, Volume 2, of THE BUTTERFLIES OF NortTH AMERICA. Price $2.50. Contents: Papilio Zudra; Anthocaris Genutea, A. Fulia; Colias Eurytheme and its form Ariadne; Phyciodes Zharos and form Marcia ; P. Phaon, P. Vesta. ne “ “THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST i: ie - : 4 | “This Gite. contains much ah eveuton't in all pidnaats et Scot tisk Natural History, and is occasionally illustrated by plates and wood cuts. | ilies. The Scottish Naturalist will be sent direct to subscribers in eos r United States for 4s. per Panu, read, or apy be had at the office o American mms no yay Kei possible for the purpose of se th is Aone AT if return to any who will forward their TorTRICIDa to me fort oe ‘purpose, al ay save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. | Af ae aR I also desire to correspond withaugaeho are intending to UG ea in parts of North Cae where but Tittle collecting has hitherto > been done, Address, $ EROE- 0 = F Bt a O NOCTUIDA. : BY A. R. GROTE, A.M. si i. Part 1, pp. 28, with photographie plate, néted and nit Srp (Bom. : byciae and Noctuelitae [Nonfasciatae. sd ba) Price $1. 100.5) haae tae Nas aut Py hie | Part 2, with prefatory note in reply to Edwards and Hagen o iF re p “a . (Noctuelitae, {[Fasciatae] Deltoides and Noctuo- Phalaenidi. )S Price 75. ets eax ‘The ii part completing the work, will be ae free for Bh Rae: Address, f 5. ay gee ae v wx AEINECKE & ESCH, — , “ 500 Main St., Buffalo, WN. ny. | er x « The work will be weloome to every. one wishing information on the sy North American Noctuid fauna.’ ’—Dr. a ‘Spey yer, St. Ent. Zeit., 200. THE AMERICAN NATU RAL A popular illustrated Monthly Magazine Aa N atural ‘History, 8¥0, 64 p S . and Illustrations in each number. cea aed $4.00 — ue *. numbers, 35 cents. ~ y * es ni Hy a i. Houghton & Co., Raiesile Pres “Cumbringe Mase Bi Published Monthly, Price seep ‘ ‘ os NEWMAN’S “EXTosioLooist bal ess opi 10 cents each set. 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL EINS.—From Nos. 1 to 6 inclusive, 60 cents pee paper of 500, or, where not less — than 5,000 are ordered, $1 per thousand. Sizes smaller than No. 1, 75 cents per paper. © These prices are exclusive of cost of transportation, and orders will please state whether the package is to be sent by mail or express. HARDWICKE’S SCIENCE GOSSIP. A Monthly Medium of Interchange and Gossip for Students ane a Lovers of Nature. | Edited Uys ap dee Taylor, PERER Ss 5 COL: This Journal will be mailed direct to any address in the U. S.or — Canada, on receipt of the annual subscription—7s. eu eupency, or $1.90 U. S. Currency. HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192 Piccad Piccadilly, London, n, Eng. | JOHN AKHURST, Taxidermist, No. 32 Nassau Street, Brooklyn, New York, keeps constantly on hand for sale, Sheet Cork for insect boxes—size, 12 x 3} x i; $1.25 per dozen - sheets. Entomological pins, of Klager and other German makers, $1.25 per | 1000 ; \ also dealer in native and exotic bird skins, birds’ eggs, insects, &c., fe ] N. B.—The above prices do not include the cost of transportation, x ‘Butterflies and Moths of North ch Aa Instructions for collecting, breeding, preparing, classifying, packing for shipment, etc. aut A COMPLETE SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE of MACROLEPIDOPTERA, to which is added a FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY, a glossary of terms, a descriptive list of localities, and the food-plants of the Jarve. Diumes. 8vo, pp. vi, 283. Sent by mail prepaid on ; receipt of $2.00 by . 2 HERMAN STRECKER, Box 111 Reading P.O., Pennsyieaneal AY 4 Che Canadian Entomologist. VOL. XL. LONDON, ONT., MARCH, 1879. No. INSECT: POWDER. BY THE EDITOR. The Insect Powders of commerce are the powdered flowers of different species of Pyrethrum. Those of Pyrethrum carneum and roseum were introduced some thirty years ago under the name of Persian Insect Pow- der, and subsequently those of Pyrethrum cinerarie folium, a native of Dalmatia, Austria, as Dalmatian Insect Powder. Both the Persian and Dalmatian powders are good insecticides, but the latter is much the more energetic in its action and hence commands a higher price ; indeed, it is so much preferred that it is gradually driving the so-called Persian powder out of the market. The fact of the flowers of P. voseum being less active than those of P. cinerarie folium, has been accounted for on the ground that the single flowers are much more powerful than the double ones, and that the double flowers occur in.P. voseum in much larger proportion than in the other species. The flowers, either whole or powdered, preserve their activity for a long period. A recent European experimenter states that he could not perceive any particular loss of activity in samples which had been kept for six years. The fresh (undried) flowers act very slowly as compared with the same dried and powdered, and the plant itself pow- dered is quite inactive. It is singular that while there are many other 3 composite plants closely related to the genus Pyvethrum, as yet this peculiar property has been found only in plants belonging to this genus, and even within this limit there are several species whose value as insecti- cides is very slight. a, SS a rae save such as may prove new and desirable to retain for description. North American Noctuid fauna.”-—Dr. A. Spa yer, St Ent. Zeit. 200. | | ! \ Mailed free to Canada for one year on receipt of Post Office Order for Seven In Jan., April, July and Oct.. price 10d., 44 pp. 8yvo. 73 THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST.” — . A Journal of Scottish Natural History. Edited by F. Buchan White, 1 M. De ; . This Magazine contains much original information in all br anches of ‘Scottish Natural Histor y, and is occasionally illustrated by plates and wood cuts, : The Scottish Naturalist will be sent. direct to subscribers in Canada Or the» | United States for 4s, per annum, postpaid, or may be had at the office of the - American Naturalist. : 5 TORTRICIDA. WANTED. I am desirous of obtaining as many North American Torr RICIDA- Saerst possible for the purpose of studying this family. I will be glad to name and ~ return to any who will forward their ToRTRICIDA: to me for this purpose, call I also desire to correspond w ‘ith any who are intending to collect LEPIDOPTERA [J in parts OS North America where but little collecting has hitherto been done, — 1 oe Or ono, Maine. - QHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN — NOCTUID Z. BY A. R. GROTE, A. M. Seep Coa gaa — + - ———- Address, PROF. ‘& H. FERNALD, Part 1, pp. 28, with photographic plate, ‘notes and descriptions Cours byciae and Noctue litae{Nonfasciatae. ] Price $1.00. ; Part 2, with prefatory note in reply to Edwards and Hagen on Hubner, (Noctuelitac, [Fasciatae] Deltoides and Noctuo-Phalaenidi.) Price 75 cts. — The two parts, coniplernie the work, will be mailed. free for we 50. Address, “REINECKE & ZESCH, 500 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y. — ‘“The work will be welcome to every one wishing information on the THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. — A penal iNustrated “Monthly: Magazine ne of Natural History, eat G4 pages and Illustrations in each number. Subscription $4. 00. a year, ene numbers, 35 cents. — ; = zy McCalla & Stavely, 23 79 Dock St. Phila. Papen ys Published Monthly, Price Sixpence. N EW MAN'S. ENTOMOLOGIST : An ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL | oF BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY. er Shillings ; to United States, Six shillings; St RoR oe NEWMAN, 3 Botolph Laney, ove Bg, usin reall ee Canadian Entomolo VOLUME XI. WM. SAUNDERS, LONDON, ONTARIO. — . LONDON. FREE PRESS PRINTING CO., RICHMOND-ST. 1879: a Bs ee E4 Ds THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, — Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario. General Editor :—W. SAaunpERS, London, Ontario. Editing Committee :—Rev. C. J. S. BerHunE, M. A., Port Hope; and Masens: E. Baynes Ree, London ; and G. J. Bowes, Montreal. ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP: Bor ‘Ordinary, Members, .’.:2s ac wie oat teil ata oie witea ols po Petje dgoegetane sie parol dre agente thy atria ale Nimary els 00 For Associate Members in the United States...........2.02. .-+ ++ Seis Dos ete sce e pre a (it Wor-Associate Members in Hing anise sence weeps nix om ev avoadic arts eubincn go a.s'es. tain sitaevic rs > 4 ...48, sterling. The Fees are payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year, and their Pasi entitles Hie Ope -° 10¢— see For Each Subsequent Insertion,...... visions e's gir yugticle #)e sign wie Claiststeme ms eiriels}en au chgatieleivw eo ini eteie ke) POC 10 Lines to One Inch. ag Sang St SUPPLIES FOR SALE. Cork.—Usual thickness, 18 cts. (gold) per square foot ; double, 30 cts. (gold) per square foot. _ List OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—Price 15 cents.each, embracing 55 families, 432 genera, and 1231 species. (For labelling aearee Printed Numbers, in sheets, ito 2000, for labelling cabinets. Price — 10 cents each set. S ENTOMOLOGICAL FINS. —From Nos, 1 to 6 inclusive, 60 cents Pee paper of 500, or, where not less than 5,000 are ordered, $1 per thousand. Sizes smaller than No. 1, 75 cents per paper. _ These prices are exclusive of cost of transportation, and ae wil please spate whether the package is to be sent by mail or express. é ‘ 1 Po Doe TE BEA. PUPA and OVA of American Species bought in large or mee quantities, by Monsieur Alfred Wailly Ces Lauréat de la Societe d’ Acclimatation de France). PUP and OVA of European and Exotic Species sold or exchanged for American Species. Address— Mons. A. WaILLy, 110 Clapham. Road, London, 5. W., ‘England. HARDWICKE’S- SCIENCE GOSSIP. = A vo Medium of Interchange and Gossip. for Students and Lovers. of Nature. Sia SRS Edited by F. EL. Taylor, FL. Oe oe. This Journal will be mailed direct to any address in the U. Sa or Canada, on receipt of the annual subscription—7s. English ae or $1.90 U..S. Currency. © HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192 Piccadilly, asian Eng. JOHN AKHURST, Taxidermist, No. 32 Nassau Street, Brooklyn, New York, keeps sabes. on hand for sale, Sheet Cork for insect boxes—size, 12 x 3 x 4; $1.25 per dozen sheets. Entomological pins, of Klager and other German makers, $1.25 per sane: also dealer in native and exotic bird skins, birds’ eggs, insects, &¢., &c. — N. B.—The above prices-do not include the cost of transportation. Che Canadian Entomologist. VOie ei LONDON, ONT., AUGUST, 1879. No. 8 NOTES UPON THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF CERTAIN SreCtian OF BUPTERFLIES. NO: 2: x BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA. 4. Meviraa Minuta Edw.—Figured in Mead’s Report on Butterflies of Colorado. Syn. Avachne Edw... CurysaLis.— Length .54 inch ; cylindrical ; head case short, narrow, rounded at vertices, the sides sloping ; mesonotum rounded, not promin- ent, followed by a shallow depression ; the abdomen large, and offering several rows of short conical tubercles ; color yellow-white or buff, marked with black ; top of head case black, the antennz cases same ; mesonotum with two crescent spots on each side; on the ‘wing case a central patch and dark border ; the segments of abdomen edged with black on dorsal side ; a ventral longitudinal stripe and one on either side; the tubercles black at summit, orange at base. ? Sent by Mr. Boll, and obtained from larva bred by him in the spring of 1879, in western Texas. ‘This resembles in shape the chrysalis of Bazont and Phaeton. 5: PARNASSIUS SMINTHEUS, var. BEHRII. Ecc.—Does not differ from that of type Swzntheus, as figured in But- terflies of N. America, vol. 1. Button-shaped, the sides rounded, the top depressed, base flattened ; the surface covered with a crust of hexagons, which diminish as they approach the micropyle, and show a little open- ing at each corner of the hexagon down to the shell ; color chalky-white. Deposited on leaves of species of Sedum. Younc Larva.—Length .9 inch; cylindrical, thickest anteriorly, tapering shghtly to last segment; the segments well rounded; color black, with four rows of tubercles on either side, not very prominent, whitish, each sending out one or more black hairs ; from those of dorsal 142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and first lateral row one hair each ; from the second lateral row four hairs each ; from the third or lower lateral row two hairs ; head sub-globose, the surface rough but scarcely granulated, and thinly covered with short black hairs ; color black. 6. PaRNAssIuS BaLtpuR Edw. C/arzus Boisd., not Eversmann. Ecc.—A little larger than Swzzntheus, of same shape, and covered in same way with a crust of hexagons ; color pale coffee-brown. Laid on species of Sedum. Younc Larva.—Not distinguishable in shape, markings or color from Smintheus. Mr. Mead brought me, in September, 1878, a large number of the eggs of both these Parnassians, obtained by him from females shut up with Sedum, while he was in Nevada. I kept the eggs in a cool place until 29th December, and then brought a few of each species into a warm room. On 16th January three larvee of Smdntheus came forth, eating a round hole in the side of the egg. On 31st Jan’y one Baldur hatched. I had fiesh leaves of the same Sedum on which the eggs had been laid, and there was an effort to gnaw the surface of these, but all the larvee died in course of a few days. On 25th Feb’y I brought more of the eggs into my room, and the weather having turned warm at that time, the larve quickly came.out. | Most of them died very soon after, but a few eat of the leaves and grew to double their original size, when one after another died. It is possible that in nature the larvae do not emerge until the plant is in bloom, and if I succeed in obtaining more eggs, I will retard them till Sedum in flower can be had. Very little is known of the larvee of species of Parnassius. 7. CH1onozas IvaLLDA Mead. Fig’d in But. N. A., Part viii., Vol. 2. Ecc.—Sub-conic, broadest at base, nearly as broad as high, rounded at top ; marked by about 18 vertical ridges, the sides of which are irregu- larly excavated; part of these terminate at about three-quarters the distance from base to summit, and the remainder gradually sink to the surface ; the spaces between the ridges over the top being irregularly and shallowly pitted. YounGc Larva.—Length .11 inch; stout anteriorly, tapering to last segment, which ends in two blunt conical tails, each with a terminal white bristle ; color at first soiled white, soon after greenish-white, striped longi THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 tudinally with dull red ; a broad medio-dorsal stripe, another on middle of side, running to tail ; a third along base of body ; between the dorsal and lateral stripes a brown line, and a second just below lateral ; on each segment from 3 to 12, on either side, are three rows of white clubbed hairs, springing from white tubercles ; head rounded, broadest below, broader than next segment; the surface much covered with shallow punctures ; color dull yellow ; across upper front face is a curved row of four round brown tubercular spots, and six spots across middle face, each sending out a dark hair ; the ocelli dark. This larva was received from Mr. Mead, in Nevada, and was but just out of the shell when I opened the box. Like the larve of the Parnas- sians, it came from a hole in the side of the egg. This was 18th August, 1878. The larva lived till 21st September, readily feeding on grass, and was about to pass its first moult when it was accidentally killed. It behaved like other Satyrid larve, being sluggish, and moving very little. Probably in nature hybernation occurs when the larva is half grown. 8. CuHronopas IpuNA Edw. Fig’d in But. N. A., Vol 2. Eco.—Shaped like J/vad/ida,; the ridges sinuous, more prominent, sharper than in /vad/da, and the larger part extend from base to summit. Sent me by Mr. O. T. Baron. TINEINA. . BY V. I. CHAMBERS, COVINGTON, KY. It has so happened that within a few years past Professors Zeller and - Frey in Europe, and I in the U.S., have at about the same time described a large number of American species of Tineina, and as might have been expected under these circumstances, it has occasionally happened that the same species has been twice described under different names. I am, however, surprised to find how seldom this has happened. In so far as I have been able, from the figures and descriptions of Professors Zeller and Frey, to identify their species with those described by me, I have hereto- fore dgne so in the pages of this and other journals ; and I have to thank 144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Dr. Hagen for the ability to make the following corrections and identi- fications, which I was unable to make from the published descriptions of Professors Zeller and Frey alone. Dr. Hagen has submitted to’ my examination some of the type specimens of those authors in the Collection of the Museum at Cambridge, and from them I am enabled to make the corrections noted below. There still remain a few of the species of Pro- fessors Zeller and Frey which I have not seen, but as types of more than three hundred of the species described by me are in the Museum, which I believe also contains type’ of the greater number of American species described by Frey and Zeller, the species may be readily determined by any one having access to the Collection. Argyresthia quercicalella Cham. From Colorado. Previously described by Zeller from Texas specimens as A. abdominalts. Batrachedra Clemensella Cham. From Kentucky and Colorado. -Previously described from Texas by Zeller as B. striolata. In Bul. Geo. Survey, v. 3, pp, 134 and 141, I at first confounded it with 4. preaugusta,; whilst the true preaugusta, then first discovered in America, was described as a new species under the name 4. Clemensella. Afterwards, when the supposed new species was discovered to be preaugusta, the name Clemensella was transferred to the " species which had been erroneously supposed to be fre@augusta, and which is the s¢rolata of Zeller. I have not seen any authenticated speci- mens of 4. salicipomonella Clem., but I suspect it is at most only a variety of preaugusta. Lithocolletis ee Frey & Boll. In my account of Z. necopinusella 1 suggested that it might prove to be Z. Hagent F. & B., and so it turns out on examination of a type speci- men of the latter species. Lithocolletis gemmea ¥. & B. With a doubt indicated by a mark of interrogation, Messrs. F. & B. identify this species with Parectopa robiniella Clem. Misled by this identi- fication, I, in the Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vi., p. 209, made some comments on its transference from Parectopa to Lithocolletis by Messrs. F. & B., and asserted what is unquestionably a fact, that P. vobiniella Clem. is not a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 Lithocolletis, but is a Gracilaria. A more careful comparison of P. robine- ella with the description of Z. gemmea by F. & B., convinced me that the latter was a very different insect from P. vobznced/a, and that its identi- fication therewith by F. & B. was altogether wrong; and it further con- vinced me of the fact that Gracilaria mirabilis F. & B. is P. robiniella Clem., which I had previously transferred to Gracilaria as G. robiniella. These corrections were made in the Cin. Quar. Jour. Sci., vi, p. 339. An examination of one of the types of Z. gemmea shows that it is a true Lithocolletis, nearer perhaps to Z. ornate/da Cham. than to any other known species, but very distinct from it, and about as much like Gracilaria (Parectopa) robiniella Clem. (G. mirabilis F. & B.) as Colias philodice is like Papilio asterias. , L. aenigmatella Frey & Boll. I have not seen a specimen of this species, but I think it will turn out to be Z. ¢llieella Cham., described long previously. L. Scudderella Frey & Boll. A specimen of this species is among the insects submitted to me by Dr. Hagen. I have heretofore regarded it as equivalent to the variable L. salicifoliella Clem. & Cham. Unfortunately I have no specimen of the latter species now with which to compare the specimen of Scudderella, but I incline to the opinion, after examining Scuddere//a, that it is distinct from salicifoliclla. L. quercivorella, n. sp. Face, tuft and antenne silvery white, the sides of the tuft immediately over the eyes reddish saffron, and each antennal joint with a fuscous spot -on the upper side at its outer margin. - Thorax and primaries reddish orange, with a wide white streak along the middle of the thorax from its anterior margin to the apex, which, when the wings are closed, is con- tinuous with a dorso-basal. streak on each fore wing, and which extends beyond the middle of the dorsal margin. There are on the fore wings three costal white streaks ; the first is dark margined behind and ow the costa before ; the second behind and around the tip. with the dark scales produced a little way back ; both of these streaks are oblique and resemble in position and character the costal streaks of Z. basistrizella, L. ulmella and L. bicolorella. ‘The third streak is a mere spot before the ciliz, is dark margined both before and behind, and opposite to it is a dorsal white 146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. streak pointing obliquely backwards, densely dark margined behind, its dark margin continued into the densely dusted apex. Cilia silvery gray- ish with a basal dark brown hinder marginal line. Hind wings pale silvery fuscous with silvery ciliz. Abdomen pale yellow; tip silvery. Legs” white ; tarsi annulate with black. A/. ex. 4 inch. The form and size of the mine in leaves of Q. obtustloba, and the general reddish saffron hue of the insect, ally it to Z. Bethuneella, L. uni- fasciella and L. castaneeella, one of which I believed it to be until I bred it. In other respects it is allied as closely to the w/mel/a group, as above stated. Incurvaria mediostriatella Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan’y, 1860, P- 5: . Tinea auristrigela Cham., CAN. ENY., v. 5, p. 86. I am satisfied that in Z: auwristrigel/a | have re-described Dr. Clemens’ species, though I see no sufficient reason for separating it from Z7nea. T. iridella Cham. will probably also be referred to Zacurvaria. INSECTS OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. COMPILED BY. REY. C. J. S|. BETHUNE, M. -A. From Kirby’s Fauaa Boreali-Americana : Insecta. (Continued from Vol. x., p. 217.) 5 [286] VIII. LEPIDOPTERA. FAMILY PAPILIONID®. [288.] 403. Pontia casta Avrby.—Plate ii, fig. 1.—Three speci- mens taken in Lat. 65°. [A well-known variety of Prerts oleracea Boisd. ; quite common in Canada. | Lad THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 [289.| FAMILY NYMPHALID®. 404. Me.ir#a sevenis Avrdy.—-Vaken in North America. [Is our common JZ. hares. | 405. ARGYNNIS CYBELE /abr.—Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. [Common in Canada ; for description and figures, and for a full account of the differences that distinguish this species from A. aphrodite, No. 407, see Edwards’ “ Butterflies of N. America,” Part i. | [290.] 406. ARGYNNIS MyRINA /adr.—Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. [Quite common in Canada and well-known to collectors. | 407. ARGYNNIS APHRODITE Fadr.—Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. [Quite common ; see our note on A. cybele above. | [291.] 408. ARGyNNIS rREYA sfer.—Expansion of the wings 13% inches. Three specimens taken near Cumberland-house, Lat. 54°. Stalk of the antenne yellow with a large compressed dark-brown knob, red underneath at the base and tip ; wings tawny, dark-brown at the base, with a narrow black band occupying the posterior margin, followed by a series of black arrow-headed spots; next to which in the primaries is a zigzag angular discoidal black band, and at the anterior margin five trans- verse spots of the same colour; the underside of these wings is tawny variegated with black and white spots and lines; the secondaries are underneath reddish-brown variegated with white and yellow spots and bands, with a discoidal arrow-headed white spot in the centre ; the fringe of the wings is alternately white and yellow. [A decidedly northern insect ; has been taken in Labrador. | [292.] FAMILY VANESSIDA. 409. VANESSA C-ARGENTEUM Avréy.—Plate i., figs. 6 and 7. Ex- pansion of the wings 2 inches. A single specimen taken in Lat. 54°. - Antenne brown above, pale below; knob pale at the tip; wings angular, cut out into sinuses which are dentated ; primaries above orange- tawny, with five black round spots forming a right-angled triangle with each other ; two triangular costal bars and posterior margin black ; above the black marginal band is.a series of paler tawny triangular spots ; under- neath the wings are veined, marbled and clouded with black, brown, and cinereous ; the primaries have a very broad paler band near the margin ; 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. secondaries above dull-orange, at the base with a black spet or two near the anterior margin ; the other half is black with a transverse series of triangular pale spots, the interior ones being nearly obsolete ; the disk is inscribed with a slender silver somewhat obtusangular C, with the con- cavity towards the anterior margin. [Synonymous with our common Gvapita progne Cramer. |. 410. VANESSA FURCILLATA Say.—Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. Common in the N. West Territory and the vicinity of Fort William. [Synonymous with VY. AZi/berti Godt., a common and very familiar butterfly throughout Canada. For description and figure see Say’s Am. Entomology, vol. i, pl. 27.] ° [293. | 411. VANESSA ANTIOPA Zixzu.—Taken in Canady by Capt. Sheppard. [Too common in Canada to require any description. | [294.] 412. VANESSA ATALANTA Livn,—Several taken in Canada. | Quite common ; for description see Harris’ Insects of Mass., p. 294. | [295.] 413. Cynruia carbdul.—Zzvn.—| Another very common butterfly ; see Harris’ Insects of Mass., p. 291. | [296.1 414. CYNTHIA HUNTERA Drury.—|Almost as common as the preceding species; see Harris’ Insects, p. 292. This and the two preceding species are now included in the genus Pyrameis Hubn. | [297.] -FAMILY -HIPPARCHIADZ. 415. HIPPARCHIA NEPHELE Avrdy.—Ixpansion of the wings 2% inches. ‘Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. Antenne brown annulated with white, rufous at the end; knob slender ; wings brown ; primaries both above and below with a paler sub- marginal broad band including two eyelets ; the upper ones surrounded by a paler atmosphere, witha black iris and white pupil; on the under side the atmosphere of the eyelets is more distinct and forms a kind of glory round them; the pupil is snowy-white with some blue scales scattered round it; the under side of both wings, above the band, is marbled with transverse deeper coloured streaks ; the secondaries are dentated but not the primaries, which at the margin have two transverse black parallel THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 lines ; in the former there is anteriorly a costal paler bar, and the posterior half of the wing is paler ; between the bar and the marginal paler band are three minute eyelets, with a black iris and bluish pupil, arranged transversely in a triangle; and three more similar ones arranged obliquely, the external one minute, in the paler part, the internal one pointing to the anal angle. | Quite common in Canada ; included in the genus Satyrus Westwood. | [298.] 416. H1pparcHiIA DISCOIDALIS A77by.—Plate ii., figs. 2, 3.— Expansion of the wings 134-2 inches. Several specimens taken at Cum- berland-house, Lat. 54°. Body brown. Antenne annulated with white; wings very entire, brown ; costa spotted with gray ; a triangular obscure reddish-tawny dis- coidal stripe extends from the base to the posterior margin of the pri- maries, and is discoverable also on the under side where the wing is faintly clouded with gray at the tip ; the secondaries underneath are indistinctly marbled and clouded with gray or whitish scales ; fringe whitish and brown alternately. [A northern species ; has been taken at Fort Simpson, and in Alaska. | FAMILY LYCANID. 417. ‘THECLA AUGUSTUS A77by.— Plate 11., figs. 4, 5.—Expansion of the wings 1 inch. Taken in Lat. 54°. ~ Antennze annulated with white ; knob elongated ; wings dusky black with a dull ferruginous disk ; fringe alternately black and white ; second- aries underneath black at the base ; at the apex dusky ash-coloured, with a transverse series of about eight black spots, rudiments of which appear on the same surface of the primaries. Named after the Esquimaux Augustus. [Taken in Canada, the New England States, and New York. | [299.| 418. Lyca#na porcas A7rby.—Plate iv., fig. 1.—Expansion of the wings 1 inch. Taken in Lat. 54°. Body black above, white underneath. Antenne black, annulated with white ; knob tipped with orange ; wings brown with a reddish tint, under- neath tawny ; primaries with an angular band formed of faint black spots ; behind these nearer the costa is a black bar, above which are two more 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. spots ; between the band and the posterior margin are three more black spots arranged transversely, and above the base are three spots forming a triangle ; the secondaries have a slight sinus near the anal angle, the fringe of which projects so as toassume the appearance of a shorttail ; a cross the disk runs an angular band formed of faint black spots, above which is a crescent of the same colour ; at the anal angle is an orange coloured angular bar, or abbreviated band ; underneath, these wings have several indistinct black dots, the three external ones of which form an obtuse angle with the four internal ones. This species seems the American representative of Z. PhiZeas, but its colour is much less vivid. [Belongs to the genus Chrysophanus Hubn. ; it is probably identical with C. Americana D’Urban. | 419. Potyommatus Lucia Azrby.—Plate iii., figs, 8, 9.— Expansion of the wings 1 inch. One specimen taken with the preceding. [300.| Wings above silvery-blue, terminating, especially at the posterior margin, in a very slender black line ; fringe white barred with black ; prim- aries underneath ash-coloured mottled with white ; in the disk is a black crescent and a curved macular band, consisting of, mostly, oblique black crescents edged with white, especially on their under side ; the wing ter- minates posteriorly in a broadish, brown band, formed chiefly-by obsolete eyelets ; the secondaries are brown ; underneath spotted and striped with black and white ; towards the posterior margin the white spots are arranged in a transverse band parallel with it; and, as in the primaries, the wing terminates in several obsolete eyelets. [Figured by Harris (Ins. Mass., figs. 105, 106) under the name of P. pseudargiolus. Not uncommon in Canada and the Northern States. | FAMILY HESPERIAD#, 420. HespERIA Peckius Xzrby.—Plate iv., figs. 2, 3.—Expansion of wings 1 inch and % aline. ‘Taken with the preceding, and also by Prof. Peck. Body brown, paler on the under side. Antenne rufous above, below the joints have a patch of white scales ; knob fusiform, hooked ; wings above tawny-brown, with an articulate angular band. common to both wings, of pale yellow ; primaries striped and streaked with the same colour - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151 near the base, and in the costal area ; underneath the wings are paler; the primaries have nearly the same marks as above but more conspicuous ; on the secondaries the angular band is surmounted by another irregular spot, so as to form two contiguous spots, or rather one large irregular didymous one. [Quite common in Canada. | [301.| FAMILY ZYGENID&. 421. Axrypia Mac CuLitocui Airby.—Plate iv., fig. 5.—Expansion of wings 1% inch. Taken in Nova Scotia by Dr. Mac Culloch, and in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. -Body-and wings very black. Orbit of the eyes externally clothed with white hairs ; base-covers or tippets whitish ; primary wings with three very white spots, one near the base oblique, obversely wedge-shaped, divided into two by a longitudinal black line ; next, at a little distance from the anterior margin, is a subtrapezoidal, small, white spot, between which and the posterior margin is an articulate band, abbreviated at each end, of the same colour, consisting of six spots divided by black lines ; the same spots distinguish the under surface of these wings, and besides there is a whitish longitudinal one in the costal area ; in the secondaries are also three white spots on both surfaces, viz., a large rectangular one near the base divided longitudinally into four ; a longitudinal undivided one at the anterior margin ; and an articulate posterior abbreviated band, divided into five spots ; the longitudinal costal streak may almost be regarded as forming a sixth, as the lower end is parallel with the last spot of the band ; the four anterior legs are externally covered with long orange coloured hairs, which character is slso found in A. octomaculata. FAMILY SPHINGID#. 422. SMERINTHUS CeErisy1 Avrby.—Plate iv., fig. 4.—Expansion of the wings 234 inches. _ Taken in North America, locality not stated. [302.] Body ash-coloured ; thorax with a large trapezoidal brown spot dilated next the abdomen ; primaries angulated, ash-coloured, with a transverse series of brown submarginal crescents in a paler band, between which and the posterior margin is another obsolete paler one ; above the crescents is a straight whitish band, and a linear angular forked one under the internal sinuses of which the wings are clouded with dark brown ; 152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. underneath the above markings of the wing are very indistinct ; the secondaries are rose-colour, paler at the costal and posterior margins ; underneath they are dusky-cinereous, with a whitish band coinciding with that of the primaries, a transverse series of crescents and a dentated brownish band, all rather indistinct ; but the most conspicuous character of the secondaries is a large eyelet situated at the anal angle, consisting of a black pupil, nearly but not quite surrounded by a blue iris, and situ- ated in a black triangular spot or atmosphere, which extends to the anal angle, and is surmounted by some blue scales ; the abdomen above is dusky ash-coloured. This insect appears to be the American representative of S. ocellatus, from which, however, it differs considerably. It comes very near to SS. geminatus (Say Am. Ent. i., ¢. xii.,) but in that the eyelet has two blue pupils. 423. DEILEPHILA INTERMEDIA Az7sby.—Expansion of wings 2% inches. ‘Taken in North America. This species is intermediate between D. Luphorbie and D. Gali, which last it most resembles, but the anterior portion of the mesal stripe of the primary wings is pale rose-colour; the fringé of their inner margin, and of the posterior of the secondaries is white ; there is no series of white dots on the back of the abdomen and the ventral segments are fringed at the apex with white hairs. This description was taken from an old speci- men apparently somewhat faded. |Is probably identical with D. Chamencrit Harris, a common species in Canada. | [303.] FAMILY SESIADA. 424. SESIA RUFICAUDIS Kirby (Sphinx pelasgus Cramer).—Expan- sion of the wings 2% inches. Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby, and in New Jersey by Mr. Drake. Body yellow-olive, underneath pale-yeilow. Antennze black ; primaries reddish-brown, hyaline in the disk, with the hyaline part half divided towards the base with a costal bar, covered with yellow-olive hairs at the base ; underneath the costa, the posterior margin and the nervures are dark ferruginous ; there is also a yellow stripe on the inner side of the base ; secondaries hyaline in the disk ; base externally and costa yellow ; internally the base is ferruginous; underneath the dark part of the wing ayy a : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153 is ferruginous, and the base pale-yellow ; two first segments of the abdo- men yellow-olive, two next black, the rest ferruginous with pale-yellow lateral spots. This species appears to be the American representative of Sesta fuct- JSormis, which it greatly resembles, but differs in the colour of the tail and the base of the secondaries. | This description is not sufficiently definite for the determination of the species. | FAMILY LITHOSIAD&. 425. CALLIMORPHA PARTHENICE A7vrdy.—Expansion of the wings 134 inch. Taken in North America. [304.] &. Antenne black, bipectinated ; thorax flesh-coloured with two anterior, and three posterior, oblong, black spots, the latter being the largest ; primary wings black, with the so-called rivulets pale with a slight pinkish tint ; the main streams, especially towards the apex of the wing, form several islets, most of which are divided by slenderer ones which do not appear on the under side of the wing ; the secondaries are of the colour of red lead, with five black spots towards the posterior margin, the inter- mediate three forming a macular. band, above which is one smaller one and below it another ; underneath there is also a small spot, at the costal margin, above the others. |A species of Avctia, probably identical with A. virgo Linn. ; not uncommon in Canada. | 426. CALLIMORPHA VIRGUNCULA A7rby.—Plate iv., fig. 6.—Expan- sion of the wings r¥%4 mch. ‘Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. Head pallid ; orbit of the eyes, and the mouth, black ; antennz black, serrato-pectinate ; thorax pallid, with five lanceolate black spots, the pos- terior ones being the largest ; primary wings black, with pallid rivulets, which are formed by the scales that clothe the nervures, and produce the rays at the apex of these wings, where the lines are traversed by a trans- verse, angulated band ; underneath they are pale, with the black parts less distinct, except at the apex; there is a black spot in the disk near the costal margin ; the secondaries are orange-tawny, spotted at the apex with black ; abdomen tawny above, below pale, with a dorsal, and on each side a double, lateral, black, macular stripe ; trunk underneath black, with pale 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — hairs intermixed ; legs black ; tibize pale above ; thighs with a pale spot at the base and apex. This is nearly related to the preceding species, but is much smaller ; and the painting and spotting of the wings differ materially. [A species of Avctia; taken in Canada. | [305.] 427. LITHOSIA MINIATA Kirby.—Expansion of the wings 1% inch. Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby. Head, trunk, base and apex of the abdomen, costal and anal margin, mesal forked stripe of the primary wings, and base of the secondary, miniatous or of the colour of red lead ; two longitudinal stripes and the space between the apical fork of the primaries, apex of the secondaries, and middle of the abdomen, slate-coloured. [Belongs to the genus Hyfoprepia Hiibn. ; not uncommon in Canada. | - FAMILY CTENUCHID&. 428. CTENUCHA LATREILLANA A?7rby.—-Expansion of wings 2% inches. Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby, and in Nova Scotia by Dr. Mac Culloch. [306.] Body, and primary wings, light-brown. Antennae and anal hairs black ; head and base of .the primaries, bright orange ; trunk, back of the abdomen, and outside of the thighs, cyaneous or blue-green ; fringes of the wings white, but in the middle of the posterior margin brown ; secondaries short. , [Previously described under the specific name of wrginica Charp. ; quite common in Canada. | Mr. W. F. Kirby has been transferred from the Natural History Museum, Royal Dublin Society, to the British Museum. His new address -is 5 Union Road, Tufnell Park, London N., England. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 POR TRACTIDA. BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, STATE COLLEGE, ORONO, ME. Tortrix (Loxotaenia) Clemensiana, n. s. : Head and thorax above ochre yellow ; palpi darker on the outside, lighter beneath ; antenne dark ochre yellow, minutely pubescent in the male ; legs straw yellow, in some specimens the fore and middle legs are fuscous in front ; thorax beneath and abdomen above and beneath silvery fuscous, In some specimens very light straw color ; anal tuft light straw color. Fore wings straw yellow, some specimens inclining to ochre yellow. Most of the examples before me show the venation on the upper side -of the fore wings in darker lines; costal fold short and near the base of wing ; beneath fuscous in the males, very light straw yellow in the females ; fringes light straw yellow above and beneath. Hind wings very light straw yellow above and below, or nearly white, darker towards the apex and fuscous in some specimens towards the anal angle ; fringes above and beneath nearly white. Expanse— f 20-23 m.m.; 2 19-21 m.m. Habitat—Maine, Mass., N. Y., Wis. Described from twenty males and seventeen females. This species is in the collection of Dr. Clemens, now in the collection of the Am. Ent. Soc., under the name of TZortrix pallidana, but no description was published, and since the name fadlidana is pre-occupied, I have named it for Dr. Clemens. . This species has a strong superficial resemblance to. Zortrix data Robs. and Zortrix pallorana Robs., but may be at once distinguished by the costal fold on the fore wings of the male, which does not occur in lata or pallorana. Tortrix (Lophoderus) juglandana, n. Ss. Head, thorax and fore wings reddish brown to dark brown. Fore wings each with two oblique narrow bands of darker brown than the ground color of the wing; the first, beginning at about the basal third of the costa, extends obliquely across to the middle of the inner border ; the second begins near the middle of the costa and extends obliquely across the wing parallel to the first band, and ends at the anal angle; these bands expand somewhat on the costal and inner borders. On the fore wings of most of the males are scattered scales of a straw yellow color, especially bordering the oblique bands ; fringes of the fore wings lighter in the middle, but at the apex and anal angle concolorous with the oblique bands. Hind wings above, with their fringes, as well as the abdomen above and the under side of fore wings, fuscous. Under side of hind wings and legs lighter. Expanse— f 15-20 m.m.; 2 20-26 m. m. Habitat—Mass., N. Y., Ontario, Ohio, Wis. Described from eleven males and fifteen females. Raised by James Angus, of West Farms, N. Y., on Hickory leaves. Penthina osmundana, 1. s. Front of the head and first two joints of the palpi, light ochre yellow ; last joint of the palpi, two spots on the outside of the middle joint of the palpi, vertex, thoracie tuft and an edging of scales around the patagia, dark purple ; front of thorax dark, reddish brown with violet reflections in certain lights. Fore wings dark reddish brown with a large reddish yellow subtri- angular spot, the base resting upon and occupying the middle half of the hinder border of the wing, while the opposite angle extends nearly to the costa. The basal patch has numerous lead-blue metallic scales scattered over it, showing a slight indication of an arrangement in cross lines in some specimens, the outer edge beginning at the basal third of the costa, extends directly across the wing as far as the middle of the cell, thence in amore or less waved line across to the hind margin near the humeral angle. This line is frequently indicated by whitish scales. From the middle of the costa an interrupted double row of lead-blue metallic scales extends obliquely across the wing towards the outer margin, confluent on the disk, curving downward beyond and ending near the anal angle. Numerous similarly colored scales rest upon the outside of the yellow spot, and in a line curving up and outward join the previously described line, leaving the ocellus quite free. On the costa beyond are three light colored geminate spots faintly seen, from the inner one of which a lead- blue line extends obliquely outward, and curving down, ends near the middle of the outer margin. More or less black scales rest upon the borders of these lines. Fringes fuscous, purple in one specimen. pomk j “J THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Hind wings and abdomen above, together with all the wings beneath, f{uscous, with violet reflections. Body, abdomen beneath, together with the legs, lighter. Fore legs in front light brown with lighter rings at the ends of the joints. Expanse 12 m. m. Described from five males and one female. Found feeding on Osmunda regalis in Orono, Me., by Mr. A. Allen, drawing the leaves together with its silken threads. Emerged July 1, 1879. Grapholitha albimaculana, n. s. Head, antennez, thorax, abdomen above and fore wings, ashy grey, the scales of the fore wings tipped with whitish. A white triangular spot rests upon the middle of the hind margin of the fore wing and extends upwards to the fold, edged with black on the side next the thorax. Four small geminate white spots rest upon the costa ; the first at the basal third, from which a metallic band of dull leaden hue extends across the wing to the white spot on the hind margin ; the next two costal spots beyond are somewhat nearer each other than to the others ; from the first of these a metallic band extends across the wing, terminating near the anal angle ; the fourth spot is near the apex and sends a metallic stripe to the outer margin just below the apex ; beneath this is a short metallic stripe extend- ing downward and forming the outside of the ocellus, which last contains two parallel black dashes. The space between the first and second bands is more or less filled with black from the costa downward. Fringes metallic with a black line at the base. Hind wings above and below white at the base, sprinkled with dark scales, blackish on costa and outwardly, fringes lighter. Underside of fore wings fuscous, showing traces of the markings above. Underside of body and abdomen silvery white. Palpi and all the tarsi greyish, the latter tipped with whitish. Expanse of wings 13 m. m. Described from two males taken in Orono, Me. Retinia ? Comstockiana, n. s. Head in front, basal joints of antenne and palpi white ; last joint of 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. palpi and a few scales upon the outside of the middle joint dark grey. Eyes black, vertex light sulphur-yellow to straw-yellow, antenne dark brown annulated with whitish. Thorax above white with a few scattered grey scales ; beneath silvery white. Abdomen above light brown with a_ silvery lustre, lighter at the end of each segment ; beneath lighter ; last segment in the females darker brown above and beneath, and without the silvery lustre. Anal tuft in the males light straw-color. Fore and middle legs light brown, femora and tibia of hind legs white, tarsi of all the legs brown ringed with white. Fore wings ferruginous brown, the extreme costal edge from base to near the apex dark brown. A number of small white spots rest upon the costa, four pairs beyond the middle, from all of which stripes composed of white and leaden-hued scales extend more or less irregularly across the wing at nearly right angles with the costa, and having something of a wavy appearance in some specimens, with some indication of a basal patch, a central and subterminal bands composed of the leaden and white scales. Fringes light brown above and beneath ; fore wings light brown beneath, ferruginous apically, with the white spots of the costa well indicated. Hind wings above and beneath greyish brown with a tinge of ferruginous in some specimens, and with darker irrorations on the costa and outwardly ; fringes long at the anal angle, somewhat lighter and with a darker line near the base. Expanse— f,, 18-20 m.m.; §, 18-20 m. m. Habitat—-Ithaca, N. Y. Described from two males and three females received from Prof. J. Henry Comstock, who ‘ found the larve boring in branches of Pinus vigida at Ithaca,” and to whom I dedicate this species. I have provisionally referred this species to the genus Refznza, for, although it agrees with the definition of the genus as given by Heinemann in other respects, the venation of the fore wing differs in the origin of veins four and five, which are not from the same point, but a little remote from each other ; the distance between veins five and six at their origin is about twice the distance between veins four and five. The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario will be held in the rooms of the Natural History Society, in Ottawa, on Tuesday, the 23rd of September, at 4 p.m. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS FOUND ON THE ORANGE TREES-OF FLORIDA. BY WM. H. ASHMEAD, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. Since my discovery of the mite found preying upon the eggs of the Orange Scale Insect ( Asfidiotus Gloverii), I have been studying the insects found on the Orange tree, and my study has resulted in bringing to light many curious insects, of which I submit the following brief description. Those interested will find a full account of their habits in the Florida Agriculturist. ‘ Glover’s White or Yellow Orange Mite. Acarus ? Gloverit, n. sp.—Soft, flattened, oval, of a pale yellow color, with a broad pinkish flesh-colored stripe extending from thorax down the middle of abdomen, terminating at hinder edge, which is obtuse ; legs eight, thin, finely pubescent, with two claws. Length about .o1 of an inch. In company with them are often seen pale flesh-colored specimens, which are the immatured ones. I find it mentioned by Townend Glover in an old Agricultural Report published in 1855. It seems pretty widely distributed through Florida and is found in company with the Oval Scale Insect (Asfidiotus citricola ) on the eggs of which it probably feeds. Aphelinus of the Orange Scale. Aphelinus aspidioticola, n. sp.—Head and thorax light reddish brown ; head nearly same width as thorax, three ocelli, eyes prominent, dark ; antenne three-jointed (?), the last joint is club-shaped ; a dark brown spot on thorax at base of each wing; wings hyaline, both fore and hind wings ciliated from end of costal vein ; no other apparent veins ; a small dark reddish spot on fore wings at termination of costal vein ; abdomen rather elongated, and of a darker shade of brown than the thorax, with two oblong spots of very dark brown on each side; legs rufo-testaceous, with a tibial hair at junction with tarsi. There is also a short ovipositor, hardly 160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. perceptible. I have found numbers of the scales of Aspidiotus citricola with a hole perforated in the top by the Apfelinus, into which it crawls and lays its eggs ; the larvee on hatching feed upon the eggs of the Scale Insect. Glover also mentions having found it. Leaf-Scaled Coccus. Lecanium phyllococcus, 2. sp.—Oval, convex, cinereous (entirely coated with a powder-like substance). Antenne eight-jointed, inserted below and under the eyes ; abdomen composed of eight or more segments ; surround- ing the outer edge is a series of leaflike scales extending to the head; legs six. Length from .o3 to.14 of aninch. Some are very large and nearly round, which I believe are the females ready to lay their eggs. The eggs are laid under a cotton-like substance and are elliptical, of a pale yellow color ; about .o2 of an inch in length. It is found in the new shoots and terminal branches. My attention has been drawn to a strange insect by Rev. T. W. Moore, which he supposes is the cause of the Orange rust. It may be termed the Oil-eating Mite of the Orange, belonging to the genus Zyphlodromus, and is probably the first species of this genus discovered in America. Typhlodromus oiliioorus, n. sp.—Whitish, flesh color, elongate, cylindri- cal, gradually increasing in size until near the head it becomes twice as thick as at tail; abdomen apparently consisting of numerous very thin segments ; at the extremity is a bifid appendage that evidently assists in clinging to the Orange; just above it protrude two caudal filaments ; head almost entirely hidden in thorax ; beak short and black ; legs four, rather stout, with one claw and two tarsal hairs. It is too small to measure with ‘my instrument, so must wait until I can get a micrometer to ascertain its length. They attach themselves to the oil cells; as the oil exudes the chemical action of the atmosphere causes it to oxidize, and the result is a hard rusty skin. They all fall off and disappear half an hour after the fruit has been picked ; hence the reason why microscopists could never detect any insect, and as a dernier resort, attributed the rust to a fungoid. Thus the long-vexed question of what causes the Orange rust is solved, and proves to be not a fungoid, as many suppose, but an infinitesimal creature that could never have been discovered except with the aid of a microscope. I fase eeed from my Favith Annual Collecting Tour to Nevada. with a Fine Series of Insects, of all orders, and particularly COLEOPTERA - and LEPIDOPTERA. I have also a good many specimens from my trips to Colorado and Georgia, and from other parts of the country. nae SPECIMENS PERFECT AND CORRECTLY NAMED. - — TERMS REASONABLE. Address, Rion & os K. MORRISON, Box age ae Morganton, Burke, Co., North Carolina. “NOTICE TO ENTOMOLOGISTS. ii terflick and Moths of North hice -— Instructions for collecting, breeding, preparing, classifying, packing f ier shipment, etc. A Complete Synonymical Catalogue of Macrolepidoptera, to which is added a FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY, a glossary of terms, a descriptive list of localities; and — the food-plants of the larva. Diurnes. 8vo, pp. vi, 283. Sent by mail prepaid on receipt of $2. oo by © : “HERMAN STRECKER, Box 111 Reading Er On Pennsylvania. PARES 2 NOTICE. A Cirocun of the DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA of America North of Mexico, by Wm. H. Epwarps, (8vo. 64 pp.—a complete list _of all the known species, with references and habitat,) has been published by the American Entomological Society, and is ready for delivery. Price, $1.00. © Address—E. T. CRESSON, TZ7eas., P. O. Box 31, PHILADELPHIA. Pins, Labels, Boxes, Etc. se Seeins: —Klaeger’s best, of eee length, Nos. 00-5, 36 mm.; Nos. 00-7, 39 mm. Per 1,000: Nos. 2-6, $1.10; others, $1.20. Per 5,000 : ~ $5.00 and $5, 50. Other sorts on hand or to order. Labels.—Sheet of 40 or 50, blank, 2 cts.; 60 sheets, $1.00. For 2 U. S. Butterflies (complete to 1876), printed, $r. 00. For States, etc. Boxes.—For storing, 35x25x10 cm., 45 cts.; for mailing, 22x17 cm., and half and quarter, 10, 8, 6 cts. Glass sabes Rubber Stoppers, — 23 Corks, etc. Vo" Pita; Transportation on pins and labels prepaid ; on other goods extra. —A/I Prices in gold. B, PICKMAN MANN, Cambridge, Mass. THE BUTTERFLIES OM NOR FLT AMERICA are “lite a ate Sika bey a % » ae ss BY Ww. H. EDWARDS. latin Bisese & oe Boston, have ened Part 7, Volume 2, of THE BUTTERFLIES OF Nortu. AMERICA. Price $2.50. - Contents : Papilio. Indra; Anthocaris Genutea, A. Fulia ; Colia _ Eurytheme and its form Ariadne ; Phyciodes Tharos and form Marcia cs Phaon, P. Vesta. See gS ; 6 FEW PAIRS OF DRYOBIUS SEXPASCIATUS FOR SALE. . Ge eS Newrort, Te ve In Jan., April, July-and Oct.. price tod. 44 pp» Svo. | ? “THE SCOTTISH NATURALIST.” A Journal of Scottish Natural History. Edited by F. Buchan White, M.D. This Magazine contains much original information in all branches of Scottish *) Natural History, and is occasionally illustrated by plates and wood cuts. — The Scottish Naturalist_ will be sent direct to subscribers i in Canada_ or the eh United States for 43. per annum, postpaid, or may be had at ‘the office of the American Naturalist. ; Se TORTRICID A WANTED. pee I am desirous of obtaining” as many North American TORTRICIDE as 9 possible for the purpose of studying this family. I will be glad to name and © return to any who will forward their TorTRIcID# to me for “this purpose, all - save such as may prove new and desir able to retain for description. . I also desire to correspond with any who are intending to collect LEPIDOPTERA in parts of North America where but little collecting has hitherto been done. Pare Te nee Address, PROF= CG; H. FERNALD, , Orono; Maine. CHECK LIST OF NORTH, AMERICAN - NOCTUID A. BY A.- R. -GROTE, A.M. . “Part 1, pp: 28, with jshotopraphie plate, notes and ‘descriptions (Bom- | .byctae and Noctuelitae [Nonfasciatae.| Price $1.00. Part 2, with prefatory note in reply to Edwards and Hagen on ‘eanaer : ( Noctuelitae, {Fasciatae] Deltoides and Noctuo-Phalauenidi. )° Price 75:cts.- The two parts, completing the work, will be mailed free for $1. 50. Address, REINFCKE & ZESCH, ; 500 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. “The work will be welcome to every one wishing information on the ~ North American Noctuid fauna. Dr, A. Speyer, St. Ent. Zeit., 200. THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. A popular illustrated Monthly Magazine ee Natural History, Svo., 64. pages BE ,and Illustrations in each number. ee $4.00 a year. Single ~ numbers, 35 cents. as McCalla & Stavely, 237-9 Dock St., Phila, Pa. Published Monthly, Price Sup tonee NEWMAN'S. ENT OMOLOGIST: An ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF British ENTOMOLOGY. Mailed free to Canada for one year on receipt of Post Office Order for Seven’ Shillings ; to United States, ‘Six Shillings. ©» T. P. NEWMAN, 32 Botolph Lane, London, Eng, 2 ee BS i, YC Canadian Entomologist. FP AY er “WM. SAUNDERS, LONDON, ONTARIO LONDON. FREE PRESS PRINTING CO., RICHMOND-ST. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Entomological Society of fs ty io. Set es on ee General Editor :—W. SAUNDERS. London, Ontario. Editing Committee :—Rerv. C. J. 8. BerHuNr, M. A., Port attics and MESSRS. E. ‘BayNas tae London ; and G. J. Bowis, Montreal. es ca ihe ee ed ae ANN UAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP : tite Sean Por Ordinary Mem bers sisi cre aie tan aati UNO wig e C cae clole/ets are) bien le eine vis) pais ee Bere esac $1 00 For Associate Members in the tines States te ee i, fats. uae aa ae ee wie seme een Bae ieit eee Cote naa s 100. == For Associate Members in England, 2. 0. S525. se tie cree eens vas Ba dstag ae ..4s. sterling The Fees are payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year, and ee payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications during the year.