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Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XXVII. 


EDITED BY THE 


Rev oO. a. Ss Bethuneaiies aC i 


PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. 


ASSISTED BY 


J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, 
and Rey. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec. 


London, Ont.: : 
The London Printing & Lithographing Company, Limited. 


1895. 


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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 10. THIS VOLUME. 


18375 WAC) OE SVEN CA chee 0 hea ae Fort COLLINS, COLORADO. 

BANGS = NACDEDAING Ra ctweles «nals Ma AG CLIBE SSN, OY: 

1 ES) ENDS GONG Deeg Na Se LAGGAN, ALBERTA. 

BETHUNE, REV. C. J. S. (The Editor)... PorT Hore. 

COYNE DON ie (Or: le 1s I ee en NorFOLK, VA. 

COC Rb TAN DiTAU ess ses 2 eee Las Cruces, New Mexico, 

COOMBE ETD. Wetcaeis is... sts ae WASHINGTON, D. C. 

LOPE SE tA SOK CORE ES et eee SS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH. 

Mer hides WOT TM aint os sic ena CALGARY, ALBERTA. 

eRe ATOR TS ONG. ok. ol. sa NEw YORK. 

PUY VEANUINIO Sere VWVic) BEAN cpalcatstecilsca:u copiers, v0 ae bebo COALBURGH, WEsT VA. 

Be Poke VIEEMUNG Nest (Ging AUk 2 pete ce bars cs ce aie wis o's oats PITTSBURG, Pa. 

LENIN Hird foe) OP ce ee a i TRENTON, ON’. 

HENLE CLT CU Oe RQ Be IN M2 SVs ene DP OTTAWA, 

PCE NG elem Oars Gecatlie ct 2 tcan diet 's.c, sete CARBONDALE, ILL. 

RAMI sep OE Wien Tec Wirercintre, Actes lire yp occ: OME © URBEC, 

GODTUNG QDI Is Wish cays ecays t o's ne ae RUTLAND, ILL. 

MOE: APACE a ad Ue) tetieue te ei iefeva rics cals suet esis HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 

15 NINN EO CONNIE Pl ORGS (CO) EIA ees ea EM ALLEGHENY, Pa. 

TLOAUNGREWAUM IA WViecst tt corette: Siecle safc ent lets as WINNIPEG. 

HARRINGTON We EPAG UE... 6 25.0% OTTAWA. 

LEPTES TMC) Seg ol hh aces eh seel nsctet Sop a eco CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA. 

LEIP \ io Sed DEL NAS RAD NYU Ghee a ai WINCHESTER, ENGLAND. 

TION IRS BF sid WTO A So 0 Steen PEN WASHINGTON, D. C. 

PAWS ECE «(Grn DDS ction ate. ois) ees BROOKLYN, N. Y. 

I LENIN ORR EEN Goo [al Cs aoe oe ea MASSETT, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, 
BRITISH COLUMBIA, 

TEAC CIELO} ES a 22) RCO) thn al OSes ee eae Se CoLUMBUS, OHIO, 

TEIN ALUIS; @Wirsiet on otek wis Re ids Ns, Sane ch ote MACPHERSON, KANSAS. 

TUOUN ALTE 9 OT RGM RAIA Syn eae 5s let MraE Pare NEw YORK. 

LO aGh OOD ANI RE TES OO GAD EA eo ce aa) ae No PHILADELPHIA, 

IEE VANS BP RSLs tea eesuainerye 1c > ss) hueeee Yo SEmIre, CAL. 

AY IRN ie Lilencseoc heehee WEEN Ss sya Ot ene MONTREAL. 

NAG Ge VA Wes ADD ene so seo .ITHACA, N. Y. 

MOET GIES | arse RSS OM se eae ciety 8 LONDON, ONT. 

eA TON Ss Wi EVAR. ON 0 ceo vole a . HARTFORD, CONN, 

PRT ESTEE 1 Ban Ro NY Soe TE i oe A RE LONDON, ONT. 

S GEG AUY Sing WE Raede oaicatiotay fate Graus ono os SRE TWICKENHAM, ENGLAND. 

SCOURS cee cp atie i s's - 5.celp eens CAMBRIDGE, Mass, 

SOREN AS Peaetdl ON) atl 6 Oe ek ae ae Aor PHILADELPHIA. 

SENG RIAU ID) siV taints es siale: Senate IrHaca, N. Y. 

SEO) SS ON MOWER Sica tla te vens ane ioveysnniogste te rele New York. 

SPI RYAN GT OT Ed Oa os a Ci WOLLASTON, Mass, 

BLONVINS END iG.) a ILE Rs. eee Las Cruces, NEw MExico, 

BISA Deett[NWEN eres cee epee. < p2o «5:2 al came LONDON, ENGLAND. 

INNES Spl eee she IMI ose he Sig oo op 8 SO et WOOSTER, OHIO. 


VV USD NY LE 6 IG Re a Sotecner Iowa City, Iowa. 


AUGUSTUS IRADCHIFEE GROTE, A WM: 


Ae Ganacl lian Entomologist 


VOL. XXVIL LONDON, es a WEE No. 1. 


TO A. R. GROTE. 
Lover of Night, in other lands than mine, 
Of night made mystical by many a sprite 
And bashfu! woodland fancies, made divine 
By the moon’s shining and the still starlight. 


I greet thee, my twin Spirit. ‘Tell thy tale 
More often to thy listeners over seas : 

Tell how the shadows brood o’er hill and vale : 
Tell how the voices whisper on the breeze. 


Call forth thy spectres robed in gauzy light, 

Thy shadowy Indians and thy 9ld-world fays. 
So shall the Old World and the New unite 

On Nature’s bye-paths and Night’s silent ways. 


And when one day the still procession moves 
To seek those realms that men call Heaven and Hell, 
We twain may steal an hour, if none reproves, 
To watch the Moths in meads of asphodel.* 
G. M. A. HEwETT, 
St. Winefride, Winchester, England. 


AUGUSTUS RADCLIFFE GROTE. 

We have great pleasure in presenting, with the first number of a new 
volume, the accompanying likeness of our much esteemed friend and 
constant contributor, Mr. A. R. Grote, A. M., of Bremen, Germany. 
His name is familiar to every reader of the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
to which he began ‘to contribute in 1870, when it was in its second 
volume, and his work is known and valued by every student and collector 
of North American Lepidoptera. We wish him, and all our friends and 
correspondents, a very happy and prosperous New Year. C.J. S. B. 


*Printed in the Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, March 15th, 1894, 
page 76. 


2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE GENERA IN THE NOCTUIDA. 


PY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


It must be conceded that there is a want of correspondence between. 
authors as to the generic names employed in the JVoctuide; perhaps a 
greater than in other families of Lepidoptera. The main cause appears 
to lie in the two systems of classification. The old system, under which 
the species were assorted into genera from their superficial characters, 
found its highest expression in the works of Guenée. ‘The new system, 
commenced by Stephens and Lederer, deals with the ultimate structure 
of certain parts, and is yet working out its results in the direction which 
all systems must pursue, that of perfectly reflecting in our books the order 
which obtains in nature itself. ‘To this end the new system must extend 
itself, and is extending itself, witness the work of Packard and Dyar, to a 
study of the insect in all its stages. Here a narrow insistence on any one 
character must defeat the general aim. 

The want of correspondence above spoken of in the generic titles of 
the Moctuide is, then, greatly owing to the different systems which 
underlie the arrangement. Perhaps, in the one case, I ought to say the 
want of system. While, in the butterflies, there exists a more distinctly 
expressed correspondence between superficial characters, form, colour, 
pattern, size, and structural characters, this correspondence is greatly 
wanting in the moths, where series of very similar appearing species are 
found to be structurally very different. While, then, ancient and modern 
genera in the butterflies more nearly cover each other, and the generic 
types are more easily fixed upon as a whole, there is a wider divergence 
in the Moctuide. For instance, I will take the genus Xy/ena, Hibn., Tent. 
The type and sole species (therefore the type) of this genus is X. /¢hoxy/ea. 
This insect belongs to Stephens’s later genus Xylophasia, a genus recog- 
nized variously as either distinct from or as a group of Hadena, or, again, 
as not being really separable by valid characters. The genus Xy/ena, 
Hiibn., 1806, is then, a Hadenoid genus, proposed for a Hadenoid species. 
In 1816, Ochsenheimer, 4, 85, adopts the spelling and cites Hubner for 
the genus Xy/eza. But now comes the old system, and Ochsenheimer 
arranges 30 species under his genus Xy/eva, most of them strongly 
dissonant in structure. The modern system separates Ochsenheimer’s 
species of Xy/ena, and breaks up his genus under some 12 different 
genera, and places these in different groups up and down in the family. 
The type of Xy/ena (lithoxy/ea) is also included by Ochsenheimer, and, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a) 


for his species, the genera Lithomia, Calocampa, Lithophane, Hadena, 
Xylena, Actinotia, Dipterygia, Chariclea, Calophasia, Asteroscopus, 
Scotochrosta, and yet others are now used. Unfortunately the generic 
title, becoming altered in spelling to Xydiva, has been retained for the 
Lithophanoid forms, instead of the Hadenoid form, for which it was 
intended and to which it properly belongs. ‘This mistake I set right in 
1876 ; I show that Xy/ophasia is a synonym of Xy/ena, and that for the 
genus Xy/ina of authors the name ZLithophane (1816) must be used. 
Only through such researches can we arrive at the certain titles of our 
genera, and if we would one day reach a stable nomenclature, if our aim 
is fixity and not laxity, the result of such studies must be adopted and 
held fast. 

The type of each genus in the Woctuide should clearly be first posi- 
tively ascertained, and the structural features of such type fully exposed. 
By comparison we can then group around such types the other species. 
We can ascertain the reasonable limits of the genera, weigh the characters 
of outlying forms which obscure these limits, and, through comparative 
studies in all stages, arrive at that condition of affairs in classification 
where a certain generic term covers a certain total structure, and its use 
calls up a picture of the greatest number of ascertained facts. ‘The time 
will then come when the present personal, opinionative use of generic 
terms will give way to the scientific, impersonal one, when authority will 
no longer usurp the place of reason and research. 

Acting again unfavourably upon the attainment of such a state of affairs 
in literature and conversation, is the tendency to make a difference, — 
where in reality none exists, between authors as to the validity of their 
names arising from the alleged want of technical completion of publica- 
tion. Iam here concerned only with generic titles. I hope to show 
elsewhere that specific titles owe their recognition to a correspondence 
between the object and the published description, and that, where the 
supposed “type” of the original describer contradicts at all essentially the 
original text, the ‘‘type” must be considered spurious, since the reason for 
the name is to be found in literature, not in a labelled specimen. In 
generic titles we are, however, solely concerned with literature, because 
generic titles deal almost exclusively with already described species as a 
matter of fact. New genera, based only on new species, depend also . 
largely upon the proper identification of the species, but these instances 
do not affect the older generic titles and play no part in our present 
investigations, . 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The difference made between authors, to which I above allude, as to 
generic names, is, that catalogue names, to which no description is 
appended, but under which the species are simply listed, are held to be 
of less value. But we can always know what is meant by them, and all 
that we seek in the present case is to find out an exact generic title for 
any one species as an impersonal literary fact. In an opposite view no 
criterion exists by which we can test the description. Almost all the 
older descriptions, so far as matter is concerned, are waste paper. Take 
for instance the cases of Walker and Htibner. Walker’s generic descrip- 
tions in the WVoctuide contain statements out of which we can usually 
make nothing. Take, for instance, that of Fé/tia. What is said would 
cover almost any of the entre JVoctuine. The synonyms made by 
Walker would not and could not have been detected unless I, or some one 
else, had inspected his type. Had any one told him that his Fe/tia ducens 
was a specimen of Agrotis jaculifera, Guen. (=subgothica of Authors 
nec Haworth), Walker would have been obliged for the information, and 
simply thrown his label and MS. into the waste paper basket, where both 
rightly belonged. The real difference between Walker and Hiibner is, 
that Walker says more and conveys little, while Hiibner says little and 
conveys more. Practically we can never be at a loss for the proper use 
of a single generic title published by Hubner, so that under the law of 
priority we can properly refer all of them, without, as is often the case 
with Walker, first having to identify a badly described species. Where 
both authors propose genera for known species, there is in reason no 
‘difference to be made between them. Walker’s diagnoses are generally 
no better than no description at all; not unfrequently are they positively 
misleading. 


Leaving these two authors, we come to Ochsenheimer, and here the 
fact presents itself that Ochsenheimer’s names which did not meet the 
adverse fate of Hubner’s in the Tentamen, are also no better founded, 
and are “catalogue names ” without a description. What sort of a 
description could Ochsenheimer indeed have given? So that several 
names now in use and never doubted have the same original right as 
Hiibner’s Tentamen names. I think this fact ought to lend my argument 
conclusive weight, added to the fact, proven by me, that Ochsenheimer 
adopted Hiibner’s names, and considered the Tentamen as properly 
published and as of authority. Ochsenheimer apologizes, in fact, for not 
having adopted more of Hubner’s titles, because the sheet of the Tenta- 


or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


men had not reached him earlier. Probably some of the opposition to 
Hubner had its origin in the prejudice against a multiplicity of genera. 
With all such matters of feeling science has nothing to do in its im- 
personal researches after an exact generic nomenclature. What we seek 
is a stable name for certain generic types of structure, not a choice 
between authorities. 


All who have studied the recent progress in the classification of our 
North American Noctuide, will recognize the fact that it is being carried 
out upon the lines laid down by me in the pages of this journal, lines 
which I took up from the writings of Stephens and Lederer on the Old 
World fauna and applied to the arrangement of the North American 
species, ‘I'he new catalogues adopt my groupings. Here and there my 
reference of a species to a wrong genus, from a neglect to examine the 
single type, having no microscope at hand, or from a fear of injuring it 
before its return, is corrected—some half a dozen—but, as a whole, the 
species remain as I arranged them, and what changes are made are the 
natural result of observations on larger material, and, in any event, more 
apparent than real. That our classification can be bettered is certain. 
No one lifetime is long enough, outside of other occupation, to finally 
study our nearly 2,000 species of owlet moths and make all the com- 
parisons necessary with the European and South American faune. It is 
hardly necessary for me to say this in the way of apology for the incom- 
pleteness of my work. All our work is fragmentary and incomplete. This 
fact is often forgotten, usually forgotten by new or younger writers, as also 
that all undue and unjust criticism will tell in the end against the user of 
such a weapon. Underlying all our entomological activities is the indi- 
vidual person, the more or [ess educated character, the mental force 
which time and opportunity develops and cultivation softens and perfects. 
Even in our very nature itself we are dual ; our actions are not always in 
accordance with our conceptions. I am reminded of this fact by an 
interesting statement of Prof. J. B. Smith’s, who testifies to this duality 
(Proc. National Mus., XIV. 207) where he acknowledges that he had 
redescribed my Mamestra purpurissata, which has hairy eyes, as a species 
of Hudena, in which genus the eyes are naked. Prof. J. B. Smith says 
(I. c.) : ‘‘How I came to refer the insect to Hadena, I can not now under- 
stand, since my memoranda show that I £ew the eyes were hairy.” 

Here is, then, the place for me to correct a former citation (with regard 
to (Voctuid genera) of mine ia the Buffalo Check List, 1876. Hubner is 


6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the first to restrict the use of the name Gortyna to the specis micacea. His 
action makes it obligatory upon us to keep this type for Gortyna,and 
Guenée’s name Hydrecia, proposed for the same identical type, must, as 
I have always insisted, fall. But, in my Buffalo Check List, I give the 
Tentamen, instead of the Verzeichniss, as authority. The fact is not in 
any way changed by my mistake in the citation. The citation is, thus, 
properly: “ Gortyna, Hubn., Verzeichniss, 1816, 232, micacea, only 
species and therefore type.” But Ochsenheimer’s work has, although of 
the same dating (1816), priority; since I understand the Verzeichniss was 
not published completely in 1816, and Hubner probably took the name 
from Ochsenheimer, who does not cite Hubner. So we must call the 
genus Gortyna, Ochs., 1816, with the type mdcacea, as restricted by 
Hubner. The rest of my citation is correct ; but again, at the close, 
under Ochria, I have fallen into the mistake of saying that this name is 
proposed for favago, alone, in the Verzeichniss. This error probably arose 
because f/avago is mentioned by itself at the top of Hiibner’s page 234, 
and I overlooked the fact that, on page 233, he has two more. Again, 
this mistake does not alter my statement that we must use Ochra for the 
type favago. MHiibner’s first species is a Xanthia ; Guenée has taken 
out the second as the type of his genus Dicyc/a ; there remains for Ochria, 
then, favago ALONE. We must reverse (as I have done) the terms pro- 
posed by Lederer for these genera. While it is proverbially human to err, it 
is a wise dispensation of Providence that out of all our errors there comes 
light—if not for us, then for those who come after us. 


- LECANIUM FLETCHERI, CKL. 


In the September (1893) number of the CaNnaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
page 221, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell described under the abuve name a 
Lecanium found at Ottawa upon an ornamental cedar on the Experi- 
mental Farm. Only a few specimens were found at that time upon three 
or four bushes of a shrub which we have under the name of Zhuja Sibir- 
ica. About the middle of last June, when at Stittsville, Ont., 15 miles 
from here, I found a few more specimens of this species upon the native 
cedar ( Zhuja occidentalis). The shrubs upon which the first specimens 
were found were originally imported from France six years previously, 
and there was, of course, the possibility that the scale insect, although of 
an undescribed species, might have been imported with it and overlooked. 
As it has now been found, however, and in larger numbers, some miles 
from here, upon our native ‘‘ White cedar,” there is no longer any doubt 
that it is indigenous. J. FrercHEer, Ottawa. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


~ 


THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PERINEURA. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N.Y. 


The Abbe Provancher described two species of Syxairema from 
North America, one from the Atlantic region and one from the Pacific 
region; a second species, from the Pacific region, is described below. The 
genus Syzairema is considered as a synonym of Perineura, by Kirby. 


1. The face, thorax, and legs marked with white... . americana, Prov. 
Mibetiare,;thorax,rand legs blak get eieses cas vciescuvaucd s Seanerseud) 22 
eulune, posterior tibia wholly black:ccccasedese sc ssaciasieessc. pacifica, Prov. 
The posterior tibia annulated with white......... Kincatdia, sp. nov. 


Perineura americana, Prov.— 2? “ Black; face below the antennz, 
inner orbital lines reaching the occiput and thence curving inwards, 
mandibles, clypeus, palpi, gene, scape underside, a spot on each side of 
the median lobe of mesothorax, a spot on tegul, scutel, a point before 
and another one behind, apex of basal plates, pleura and pectus in parts, 
white. Antenne iong, slender, black, with a white spot on the scape 
underneath. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma brown-black. Legs 
white, including coxe and trochanters, the two anterior pairs with a 
black line exteriorly on their femora, tibize and tarsi ; the posterior pair 
black, with coxe, except a black spot outside, trochanters and basal third 
of femora, white ; the spines of their tibize, except the tips, and a ring at 
the base of the first joint of the tarsus, also white. Abdomen elongated, 
black, shining, venter more or less whitish on the sides. Valves of the 
terebra black, shortly exserted.” 

Length, .46 inch. 

Habitat, Cap Rouge, P. Q., Canada. 

Perineura pacifica, Prov.—@Q Black with the abdomen red. The 
head, thorax, feet, black without spots. Wings moderately smoky, the 
lanceolate cell contracted at middle, the costa and stigma black. 
Abdomen cylindrical, robust, red, with the first segment black, and a 
black spot, poorly defined, on the terminal segment. Length, .35 inch. 
(Translation. ) 

Habitat, Vancouver Island. 

'Perineura Kincaidia, n. sp.—§ Black ; the labrum at apex slightly 
ferruginous ; the abdomen beyond the first segment ferruginous ; the 
lateral sheaths of the ovipositor black ; the apex of the anterior femur 
and the front side of anterior tibia, fuscous ; the mandibles spotted with 
white ; the posterior tibia above on apical third with a white band ; the 


8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


inner spur of the anterior tibia stout, broad, bifurcate at apex ; the outer 
spurs of the anterior tibia and those of the middle and posterior tibiz 
long, slender and simple; antenne stout, thicker at apex, the third 
segment one-third longer than fourth; clypeus deeply emarginate ; wings 
smoky, darker at base ; stigma and costa black ; the marginal cross-vein 
originating in the lower posterior angle of the stigma, and joining the 
third submarginal cell at the end of the second third ; posterior wings with 
two middle cells ; the lanceolate cell much shorter than the submedian 
cell. Length, ro mm. 

Habitat, Olympia, Washington. 4 ¢ 9, May 28, July 2. Trevor 
Kincaid, collector. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


PERINEURA, Hartg. 


1837. Hartig, Die Fam. Blattwes. und Holzwes., 303. 
1867. Norton, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., I., 38.* 

1868. Norton, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II., 224. 

1884. Konow, Deut. Ent. Zeit., 327. 

1890. Konow, Deut. Ent. Zeit., 236. 


Synairema, Hartig. 
1837. Hartig, Die Fam. Blattwes. und Holzwes., 314. 
1882. =Perineura, Hartg., Kirby, List Hymen. Brit. Mus., I., 279. 
1886. Provancher, Faun. Ent. Can. Suppl., IL, 15. 
1887. Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Suppl., 16, 19. 
1890. =Perineura, Hartg., Konow, Deut. Ent. Zeit., 252. 


Americana, Prov. 
1835. Synatrema, Provancher, Can. Ent., XVII., 50. 
1886. Sy#atrema, Provancher, Faun. Ent. Can. Supp., IL, 15. 
1887. Synairema, Cresson, Trans. Amer. Knt. Soc. Suppl., 169. 
Habitat, Canada. 


Kincaidia, sp. nov. 
Habitat, Olympia, Washington. 


Pacifica, Prev. 
1886. Syzatrema, Provancher, Faun. Ent. Can. Supp., IL, 15. 
1887. Synairema, Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Suppl., 169. 
Habitat, Vancouver Island. - 


*The lanceolate cell is said to have an oblique cross-nervure, and Sywatvema to have 
this cell closed in the middle, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 


COLEOPTERA OF LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA. 
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON, NEW YORK. 


I was much interested in Dr. Hamilton’s paper on Lake Worth 
Coleoptera (Can. Ent., XXVI., 250). I spent twelve days at Palm 
Beach, Lake Worth, last spring, and did a little collecting. I took 57 
species of Coleoptera between March gthand atst. Of these, 36 are not 
included in Dr. Hamilton’s list. I append the names of these, and add 


a few notes. I am indebted to Mr. Chas. Lubeck for identifications. 


Casnonia ludoviciana, Salle. 
Apenes sinuata, Say. 
Chleenius niger, Rand. 
Selenophorus palliatus, Fab. 
" iripennis, Say. 
" gagatinus, Dej. 
Philhydrus nebulosus, Say. 

" cinctus, Say. 
Staphylinus tomentosus, Grav. 
Olibrus princeps, Sz. 
Languria marginipennis, Sz. 
Cicones lineaticollis, Horn. 
Psammeecus Desjardinsi, Guer. 
Hister abbreviatus, Fab. 

Nemetectusin lec: 
Cyphon padi, Linn. 
Photuris frontalis, Lec. 
Dinoderus porcatus, Lec. 
Onthophagus hecate, Panz. 
Aphodius vestiaria, Horn. 
Criocephalus obsoletus, Rand. 
Elaphidion truncatum, Hald. 

" parallelum, Newm. 
Leptostylus aculiferus, Say. 
Lypsimena fuscata, Lec. 
Spalacopsis suffusa, Newm. 
CEdionychis thoracica, Fab. 
Odontota bicolor, Oliv. 
Coptocycla aurichalcea, Fab. 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Sitophagus pallidus, Say. 

Blapstinus fortis, Lec. 

" estriatus, Lec. 

Alphitobius piceus, Oliv. 

Pteniopus Murrayi, Lec. 

Lixus levicollis, Lec. 

Cryptorhyncus bisignatus, Say. 

I found but one specimen of Casnonia ludoviciana. It was in the 
sand at the roots of a species of Crofa/aria, near ocean beach. Se/eno- 
phorus iripennis was very common under boards and rubbish just back 
of the hotel. Several specimens of Phi/hydrus nebulosus flew into my 
room at night. Staphylinus tomentosus was found under decaying 
cabbage leaves in garden patches. What I now suppose to be the 
Belonuchus formosus,var. of Dr. Hamilton’s list, was plentiful in situations 
similar to those he mentions, ‘“‘under damp rubbish” and decaying 
vegetation. Photuris frontalis was the only “firefly” I saw, coming 
about piazza of hotel and into the rooms. On the white sand near ocean 
beach, in the sparse and scattered semi-tropical vegetation, several species 
were constantly found in great profusion. Among these, Alapstinus 
estriatus, Was perhaps the most common, and could be taken by 
hundreds. With it was always found a hemipter, Corime/ena, sp. ; so like 
its coleopterous companion superficially, that I at first, in gathering them 
quickly into my boitle, did not detect the difference, but the characteristic 
odour soon betrayed them. In the same situations Mecynotarsus elegans 


occurred in great numbers. Dr. Hamilton’s allusion to their presence on 
‘sand, hot enough to blister,’ appeals to me forcibly. I never saw, or 
felt, anything so scorching. I also noticed the tiny ant found in their 
company, and so like them in general appearance and habit ; and wrote 
of it to Mr. Lubeck. He finds JAZecynotarsus candidus on sandy places 
in New Jersey, but says nothing of any ant as associated with it. Ptenzo- 
pus Murray? flew to light in the evenings, and I took at least two or 
three every night. On the wall of my bedroom one evening, I captured 
two specimens of the little weevil, Cryptorhyncus bisignatus, and this 
summer I took the same species on the summit of Mt. Washington ! 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 


GENITALIC CLASSIFICATION. 


BY REy. GEO. D. HULST, bROOKLYN, N. Y. 


In the August number of the CANADIAN EnroMo.ocist, Vol. 26, p. 215; 
under the subject “ An Omitted Phycitid,” Mr. Grote speaks disparag- 
ingly of my having established a subfamily upon differences in genitalic 
structure, and says: “ Messrs. Scudder and Burgess first gave us genitalic 
species ; Lederer used the genitalia for subgeneric and generic divisions, 
and latterly is followed by Smith. Now comes Mr. Hulst, whose mission 
seems to be to carry out the methods of other entomologists to extremes, 
and give us genitalic subfamilies.” 


So far as the above touches upon science I wish to speak. 


There are only two questions to answer in defense of the use of 
genitalic characters in classification : the one,—Is the method scientific ? 
and the other,—Is it warraned in the case under discussion P 


First,—Is it scientific? The structure of the genital organs belongs to 
those phases of structure ordinarily known as secondary sexual characters. 
These all stand in the same category in classification. If one can be 
used, another may be, and may be of equal value. But from the begin- 
ning systematists have made abundant use of such of these characters as 
were known to them, for not only subfamily, but even higher civisions. 
For example, in the paper of Mr. Grote, referred to above, he says: “In 
1878 I separated the Epipaschiine (Epipaschie) from the Phycitine 
(Phycide). The two groups I regard as divisions of the Pyralidz, equal 
in value to the Crambine and Galleriine.” These are one step higher 
than the division I made based upon the genitalia. But Mr. Grote’s 
division was based upon a secondary sexual character, the presence of a 
peculiar development on the basal segment of the male antenne. I con- 
clude, therefore, it és scientific to make use of any secondary sexual 
character. The use of the structure of the genitalia in classification is 
therefore scientific. But to be of scientific importance, and properly 
used, structural characters must be so permanent that their variations can 
be relied upon. Is this true with the genitalia? It can, 1 think, be 
affirmed, that no other secondary sexual character can be so confidently 
relied upon. ‘The universal testimony of those who have made a study of 
genital structure is entirely in accord with this truth. One can with more 
absolute certainty, where there is variation, tell an insect by the genital 
structure, than by any other—often all other means. 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


But, secondly,—Is the use of genital structure warranted in the case 
under discussion? Of course all distinctions in classification are to an 
extent artificial, and a matter of opinion; but we will probably all agree 
that for family or subfamily distinction there ought to be not a simple 
difference in structure, but in the ¢yfe of structure. If there be a typal 
difference, the distiction may be made even though intergrades exist. For 
example, so far as the antennal process is concerned, the Lpzpaschiine 
grade insensibly into the Phycitine. But, as the structure is very peculiar, 
they may properly be separated. In the Piycitine, Mr. Ragonot bases a 
separation upon the tongue. His basis, however, is not one of type, but 
of degree, with all intergradations existing, and therefore should not be 
allowed for anything higher than genera. But the genital structure is of 
two radically different types, sharply distinct, and so far as I know (and 
I have examined almost every American species), without any tendency 
tO intergrade ; subfamily distinction is therefore fully warranted. 


_ Ido not stand alone in this my opinion. I think there will be no 
question there is no one living better able to give a judgment in the case, 
or more honest in his utterance of judgment at all times, than Prof. 
Fernald. In a notice of my monograph of the “ Phycitide of N. A.,” 
Can. Ent., Vol. 22, p. 191, Prof. Fernald says: ‘‘ Mr. Hulst divides the 
family into two subfamilies, based on the presence or absence of the lower 
anal plate, and differs from Ragonot, who divides them on the develop- 
ment of the tongue; from my own studies [ am inclined to agree with 
Mr. Hulst.”’ 

After writing the above, I wrote to Prof. Fernald, indirectly asking his 
present views upon this subject. His answer I have his permission to use 
as I please. I therefore quote a considerable part of it, which directly 
bears upon the subject before us, and which also gives a considerable 
amount of very interesting history upon the bringing into light of the 
structure of the genitalia as a prime factor in classification. 

Prof. Fernald says in part: ‘In 1877 I began my studies of the 
Tortricide, at the suggestion of Mr. Grote. In 1880 I read a paper 
before the Entomological Club, at the Boston meeting of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science, in which I stated that I was 
able to separate the subfamilies of the Zortricide by means of the 
genitalia. I had prepared and studied the genitalia of a large number of 
species, and also of individuals under the species. I showed at that 
meeting a large number of drawings made from the objects by means of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 


the camera. In these studies I found characters by means of which I 
could separate the species ; others which separate the genera ; and still 
others which separate the subfamilies, or families, as some cail them. As 
the Club was not a part of the American Association, the paper was not 
published, nor has it ever been published, though many of our prominent 
entomologists were present and heard my paper.” 


“Mr. Meyrick, in his Descriptions of New Zealand Microlepidoptera, 
Phil. Inst. of Canterbury for 1884, p. 141, after giving a recasting of his 
definition of the Zortricide and Grapholithide, says: ‘I am indebted 
to Professor Fernald, well known as a special authority on this group, for 
the information on which this change is founded. He states that the 
genital uncus never occurs in the Grapholithide, and considers that such 
genera as Ctenopseustis, hereafter described, should be therefore referred 
to the Zortricide ; which amounts to saying, that the possession of the 
uncus is a more valuable systematic character than the possession of the 
basal pectination (of the median fold of the hind wing). As Professor 
Fernald has devoted much labour to the investigation of material from all 
parts of the world, there is little doubt that he is correct, and I have 
adopted his suggestion. I have not yet found leisure to examine the 
genitalia of all the Zortricina of this region, but I have investigated a few 
species, which appear to confirm his views; and in the case of the 
Pyralidina, 1 have found the same character valuable for family separa- 
tion.’” ‘‘ In the same paper, page 146, Mr. Meyrick establishes the genus 
Ctenopseustis for Walker's Pedisca obliguanz, and under it says: 
‘Professor Fernald assures me that the genital uncus of the male (the 
value of which as a divisional character he was the first to discover in this 
group) is never developed in the Grapholithide, and that this species 
should be included in the Zor¢ricide, notwithstanding the pectination of 
the lower median vein, this latter structure being indeed also found in 
Oenectra, which is certainly referable to the Zortricide. In this view I 
quite concur, and therefore place the species here, which involves the 
formation of a new genus for its reception.’” 

‘“‘T write this to show why I could speak so confidently of the value 
of your classification of the Phycids.” 

It will thus be seen that my use of the Sites in classification, while 
independent of, because I was ignorant of, the work of Prof, Fernald and 
Mr. Meyrick, was far from being original in time or in inception. Prof. 
Fernald was the pioneer in the work, and to him belongs the greater guilt, 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


if guilt there be, and the greater, if not all the praise, if praise be merited, 
as I most emphatically believe it is. 

But in view of all that is above, it will, I think, appear that my dis- 
tinction in the Pycitide is warranted. Genitalic differences may be used 
in classification, and when the type of structure is different, may be used 
for distinctions higher than genera, an@ finally, that no ordinary differences 
in elemental structure afford a better basis for classification. 

This is all written upon the assumption that the form of the genital 
organs is a secondary sexual character. Some of our best systematists 
regard this structure as a primary sexual character. Prof. J. B. Smith is 
of this opinion, and his opinion is of the highest value. In that case the 
value of the structure of the genitalia in classification is much increased, 
and family distinction based upon it is the more fully warranted. 


NOTES ON CARAMA AND OTHER MEGALOPYGID i. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A. M., NEW YORK, 


Recently, I was informed by a friend that he had a Carama from 
Washington, D. C. I naturally expected to see C. cretata, Grt.; but 
the specimen now before me proves to be Carama pura, Butl. This 
raises the question of the validity of the specific characters used in the 
genus. Caramas are rare in the United States, and it seems scarcely 
probable that we have more than one species. Mr. Baker, in his review 
of Carama, does not refer to cretata, Grt., though it is the fourth name in 
point of priority. It is evident from his synopsis, however, that cretata 
differs from ovéza, Sepp., only in having the yellow colour confined to the 
vertex of the head, and from d@screpans, Wall., in its smaller size and 
white front. 

I am of the opinion that these characters are nothing but individual 
variations, and I think we shall be safe in adopting the following 
synonymy. Probably several other names must come in, but I will go 
no further at present than the specimens before me seem to warrant. 
CARAMA OVINA, Sepp. (front pale.) 

cretata, Grote. 
var. VIRGO, Butl. (front dark.) 


pura, Butl. 
In the revision of North American ‘ Bombyces,” by Mr. Neumcegen 
and myself, we include the genera Dalcerides and Eupoeya among the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 


Megalopygide (Lagoidz). We recognized that the former did not belong 
here ; but it seems nearer this family than any other, and was so placed, 
pending further study of the South American fauna, when it will probably 
find place in a new family. 

As to Eupoeya, I am inclined to believe that it belongs to the Mega- 
lopygidz, though the branching of the radial nervules of primaries is rather 
unlike the typical form, and Dr. Packard’s figures do not show a branch 
to vein 1. 

I find that Sccathos punctigera, Linn., belongs to the Megalopygide 
(Kirby’s Cat., p. 540, next to Sibine in the Limacodidz). 

The genera so far shown to belong to this family separate as follows :— 

Vein 7 arising nearer base than g..................2upoeya, Pack. 

Vein 7 arising beyond 9. 

Vein to from a stalk. 
Veins 3-4 of secondaries stalked............. Carama, Walk. 

Veins 3-4 of secondaries not stalked. 
Vein 8 of secondaries united to 7 to outer third of 
Gener S . . . Le ESR oe ponent Ochrosoma, H. S. 
Vein 8 united te 7 nearly to tip of cell....Scéathos, Walk. 
Vein to of primaries from the cell....... ....Megalopyge, Hiibn. 
Eutheca ( Sapinella, Kirby) mora, Grote. 

Lord Walsingham has kindly sent me the following information :— 
“An examination [of the type in the British Museum] shows it to be an 
Anaphorid with 12 separate veins in the forewings and eight in the hind- 
wings. I can scarcely distinguish it from Pseudanaphora arcanella, 
Clem., of which it may be the 9, which is unknown so far as I am 
aware.” ‘lhe name may be removed from the list of unidentified Bomby- 
ces, and the genera Lutheca, Grt., and Sapinel/a, Kirby, relegated to the 
synonymy. A aS So 

CORRECTION. 

In the list of Dragonflies of Corunna, Mich. (C. E. xxvt., p. 345, 
December, 1894), Cadlopteryx apicalis, Burm., should be Cadopteryx 
equabilis, Say. D. S. KELLICOTT. 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ON A NEW SCALE-INSECT FOUND ON PLUM. 
BY T. D. A, COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 

Some time ago, Prof. Gillette sent me a few specimens of an Aspzdiotus 
found on plum at Canon City, Colorado, 31st Aug., 1894. They occurred 
on the fruit itself. He had previously sent the species to Mr. L. O. 
Howard, who had written that it was apparently new. ‘The material sent 
was not altogether satisfactory, owing to the fact that the insect occurs 
solitarily on the fruits, and has to be collected by slicing off bits of the 
skin. Consequently it is inconvenient to obtain it in quantity, and not’ 
very easy to nicely preserve those obtained, However, the discovery of 
anew Aspidiotus on plums in the United States was a matter of import- 
ance, and deserved the most careful consideration. It now appears, 
after some study and correspondence, that the species is really new, as at 
first supposed, and it may be introduced as follows :— 


Aspidiotus Howard, n. sp. 


? scale circular, flat, about 144 mm. diam., pale greyish with a slight 
reddish tinge ; exuviz sublateral, covered, dull orange, secretion over 
exuvie easily rubbed off. 

? broadly pyriform, orange ; margin of terminal portion thickened, very 
finely striate, showing a violet colour in some lights. Plates spine-like, 
sparingly branched. Median iobes very large and prominent, close 
together but not contiguous, obliquely truncate, slightly crenate. 
Second pair of lobes small, broad and low. Third pair practically 
obsolete. There are conspicuous ‘‘ wax ducts.” 

This species belongs to a series with circular or nearly circular ? 
scales; and more elongated, somewhat ovai ¢ scales. The covered 
exuvle are orange or reddish, and easily exposed by rubbing. The 
median lobes of the 9 are large, the others comparatively small, or 
obsolete. Such species are A. perniciosus, Comst., A. ancylus, Putn., A. 
punice, Ckil., A. ostreeformis, Curt. 

In ferniciosus, one does not find the same array of, plates as in 
Hlowardi, and there are the characteristic “ incisions” between the lobes. 
Moreover, perniciosus always lacks the grouped glands. 

Turning now to azcy/us, we find a species with grouped glands when 
mature, but presenting also the ‘‘incisions” as in perniciosus. It has 
not, either, the same arrangement of plates as Howardi. A. juglans-regie 
is clearly out of the question, by superficial appearance alone. ‘The West 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 


Indian punice differs clearly in the scale, and it will suffice to say, with- 
out further details, that Mowardi is not identical with any known neo- 
tropical species. 

Having thus satisfied ourselves that it is no known American species, 
nearctic or neotropical, we naturally turn to Europe. Is it A. ostreeformis 
of Curtis? I have examined ostreeformis from Isleworth, England, 
(Geo. Manville Fenn), on peach; also from Rouen, France (sent by Mr. 
Morgan). It is quite manitestly not Howard, though in some respects like 
it; ostreeformis has the median lobes well notched without, the second 
lobes longer and narrower, a pair of curious tooth-like plates beyond, 
numerous orifices in the groups of ventral glands, etc. On the whole, 
ostreeformis, perniciosus and ancylus appear to be nearer to one another 
than either to Howard. 


Lichtenstein’s A. pyri is presumably the ostreeformis, formerly con- 
founded, as remarked, with a Déaspis. But he says the ¢ scale is 
rounded, whereas it is surely oval—at least in true ostreeformis, as in 
Howardi. As for other European species, I find none that will agree with 
our insect. 


There is one other species of Aspidiotus that seemed very like ours, 
and that is 4. spinosus, Comst., found on Camellias in the conservatory 
of the Dept. Agriculture at Washington, the original habitat being 
unknown. The food-plant suggests Japan, and when I noticed the 
resemblance to Howardi in this insect I was much interested, having 
already thought of the probability that our species came on Japanese 
fruit trees, the importation of which has lately become increasingly 
popular. Judging by Comstock’s figure of spzmosus, it might seem that 
they could not be the same ; but the figure shows only one pair of lobes, 
the description giving second and third pairs, though stating that they 
are small. 

At this point I should have been inclined to let the matter drop, or 
await further developments, but for the kindness of Messrs. Howard and 
Pergande, in Washington. Having put my difficulty to Mr. Howard, he 
turned the matter over to Mr. Pergande, who prepared the appended 
report. This report seems to indicate that Comstock’s figure of spinosus 
is more correct than his description ; but, in any case, it practically settles 
the difficulty as to the possible identity of Howardi with spinosus. I had 
not myself seen the grouped ventral glands in Howard, but Mr. Pergande 
shows that they exist. ; 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


With regard to the name of the species, it is a pleasure to dedicate it 
to Mr. Howard, to whom we are so greatly indebted for information 
regarding parasites of Coccide.* The present species, Howardi, is 
infested by a dark brown Chalcidid parasite. 

As to the origin of A, Howardi, nothing certain can yet be said, but 
it is still possible enough that it comes from Japan. At all events, horti- 
culturists should be on the look-out for it, and some care should be 
exercised that it may not spread widely over the country. Attacking the 
fruit, it would surely interfere with their market value, even if not seriously 
injuring the tree. 


Mr. FPergande, on A. Howardi and A. spinosus. 


“ Examined and compared typical specimens of Asp. spinosus with 
Asp. Howardi, with the following results:—There can be no doubt that 
the two are distinct species. A. Howardi is considerably larger than 
spinosus ; measuring 1 mm. in length [=adult 9 |, whereas the largest 
one of sfnosus is but 0.6 mm, in length. 

“The anal segment of A. sfznosus presents the following characters :— 
There is but ove pair of anal lobes visible. ‘The spines on either side of 
these lobes are numerous, more or less distinctly toothed, grouped closely 
together and occupying the terminal third of the segment. [These spines 
are the spine-like plates, | 

‘There are but 4 groups of spinnerets, of which the anterior pair of 
groups is composed of 2 to 5, and the posterior pair of 2 to 4 pores. 
There appears to be but one row of more or less irregularly arranged, 
often quite indistinct, oval pores between the groups of spinnerets and the 
lateral margin. ; 

“In Asp. Howardi, of which I had but a single specimen for examina- 
tion, there are two pairs of well-developed terminal lobes; while the spines 
are longer and stouter than in A. sfinosus, they are also more scattered 
and cover about the posterior half of the segment. ‘There are also but 
4 groups of spinnerets, the anterior pair of which is composed of from 6 
to 7, and the posterior pair from 3 to 4 pores. Zhe oval pores are large 
and distinct, forming two rows, besides a few near the anterior end of the 
lateral margin. 


*The North American Hymenopterous parasites of Coccidze have been described as 
follows :—By Howard, 44 ; by Ashmead, 7; by Riley, 2; by Fitch, Le Baron, Emily 
A, Smith, Walker, Craw and Cook, 1 each ; total, 59 species. There are a few others 
erroneously recorded as Coccid parasites, or only doubtfully parasitic on Coccide, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 


“ Of A. spinosus, I examined 16 specimens, all of which agree with 
each other in every particular, while 4. Howard: shows distinct and 
marked differences.” (Oct. 29, 1894 ) 

It will be seen from the above, that the credit of differentiating this 
new species is very largely due to Mr. Pergande. Although this begin- 
ning of our information concerning it is very inadequate, there will, I trust, 
be no further difficulty about its separation from its congeners, thanks to 
Mr. Pergande’s excellent comparative studies. It is apparent from this 
and other similar instances, how great is the advantage of having the types | 
preserved in some place where reference can be made to them. Descrip- 
tions are often imperfect, and even those by the best authors frequently 
omit some characters differentiating the species from others not at that 
time discovered. 

[P. S.—I have just received the following information from Prof. Gillette 
regarding the occurrence of Aspidiotus Howardi :—*‘A very few scattering 
scales were found in one orchard at Canon City—the owner of the 
orchard I do not know—and the others were all found on the fruit of a 
native plum tree. The tree was in the back door-yard of a Mr. Helm, and 
growing beside a tight board fence. Most of the scales were on plums 
next the fence and near the ground in the shade. Most of the fruits in 
that position had from one to three or four scales.” —T. WAS. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.—I. 
BY CARL P, BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 

The following will form the first of a series of papers on the Siphonap- 
tera, in which will be mentioned all known species, together with such 
new species as have come to my notice. Besides what has been drawn 
from the examination of a large series of specimens in my own collec- 
tion, and many kindly sent me by Taschenberg, Howard, Bruner, Osborn, 
Comstock and others, I have borrowed freely from previous papers on 
the subject, and especially from Taschenberg’s “ Die Flohe.” 

The existing number of species of this order will undoubtedly be 
found to very greatly exceed the number already known. A large pro- 
portion of mammalian animals probably act as hosts to various species 
of fleas, but the list of hosts as at present known is comparatively very 
small indeed. The group, though certainly an interesting one, 
has been very much neglected. I would suggest that during the imme- 
diate future, collectors in all quarters pay particular attention to the 
collecting of these forms, 


20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Order Siphonaptera, Latr.* 


1798. Schellenberg, Helvetische Entom. I., p. 15. (Rophoteira.) 
18or. Lamarck, Syst. d. Anim. s. Vert., p. 313 (Aptera.) 

1805. Latreille, Hist. nat. des Crust. et des Insect. XIV. (Suctoria.) 

1825. Latreille, Fam, nat. du Regne Animal. (Siphonaptera.) 
1826. Kirby and Spence, Introd. to Entom. IV. (Aphaniptera.) 
1829. Stephens, Cat. Brit. Insect. (Pulicide.) 

Wings entirely absent ; mouth parts suctorial; maxillary palpi four- 
jointed ; t labrum and clypeus wanting ; eyes, when present, two in 
number and simple; antennz three-jointed; tarsi five-jointed. Meta- 
morphosis: complete, larva footless, with a well-developed head. 


Table of Families. 


Small fleas with a proportionally very large head ; thoracic rings very 
narrow ; pregnant female a stationary parasite, with abdomen worm-like 
or spherical ; labial palpi one-jointed ; third joint of antennz without 
transverse incisions ; no ‘‘combs” of spines on head, thorax, or abdo- 
men ; eyes present ; species tropical or subtropical... .Sarcopsyllide. 

Larger fleas with a proportionally small head ; thoracic rings broad ; head, 
pronotum, or abdomen often with ‘‘combs” of spines; antennal 
grooves sometimes covered on the outside by a chitinous scale ; 
antenn with terminal joint transversely creased, or cleft into lamellz 
on one side ; eyes sometimes absent ; species widely distributed. 

Labial palpi with more than ten joints; abdomen in pregnant female 
becoming so swollen as to lose its original shape...... Vermipsyllide. 

Labial palpi three to five-jointed ; never a stationary parasite, and never 
with the abdomen so swollen that the original form: is lost... Pudicide. 


Fam. Sarcopsyllida, Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 43. 


Table of Genera. 


Head angulated above in front ; maxille very small, scarcely projecting ; 
abdomen of pregnant female spherical with sutures obsolete. Sarcopsyla. 


* Rophoteira, in part; aptera, in part ; suctoria, pre-occupied. 

+ Packard, ina late paper (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXVI., Sept., 1894, pp. 
312-355), follows some of the old authors in calling the maxillary palpi five-jointed (1. c. 
p. 348). I cannot see the reason for reiterating statements that have been proven in- 
correct. In the near future, I will review those portions of this paper which seem to be. 
original, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 


Head evenly rounded from occiput to mouth ; maxille large, curved, pro- 
jecting downward and backward ; abdomen of pregnant female worm- 
likes sututesraistinet..........,.ugeen.. .25.... AApnchagsylla. 


Genus Sarcopsyl/a, Westwood. 
1836-40. Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc., London, IL., p. 199. 
Table of Species. 


Hind angles of metathoracic scales rounded; eyes and antennz in 
anterior half of head, which is acutely angled in front above ; first 
four tarsal joints in foreleg longer than broad; length (free female, 
‘and male), 1 mm. ; parasitic on mammals...............pemetrans. 

Hind angles of metathoracic scales angulated; eyes and antenne in 
posterior half of head, which is obtusely angled in front above ; first 
four tarsal joints in forelegs nearly as broadas long ; length, t—1.5 mm.; 
paresiie on-gallinaceous birds. . ../..2gmha ke eee eA gallinacea. 

Sarcopsylla penetrans, L. 


1767. Linne, Syst. Nat. Ed., XiI., p. rozz. {Pulex penetrans.) 

This flea is undoubtedly found throughout the tropical and sub- 
tropical regions of both hemispheres. It has been found on a great 
variety of mammalian animals, including man. It is commonly known 
in this country and South America as ‘‘jigger flea,” ‘‘chigoe,” or 
“ chique.” 


Sarcopsylla gallinacea, Westwood. 


1874-5. Westwood, Ent. Mo. Mag., XI., p. 246. 

This species will probably eventually be found to occur throughout 
the range of S. penetrans. I have received specimens taken on chickens 
(through Mr. L. O. Howard) from the Department collection, as follows:— 
From Florida, Apr. 27, No. 6220, A.S. Packard ; from Floresville, Texas, 
No. 3648 ; from Hockley, Texas, Jan. 30, 1894, No. 3648 ; from Meridian, 
Miss., No. 4053. 

The genital organs in the male of this species differ quite widely from 
those of the male of S. penetrans. 


Sarcopsylla grossiventris, Weyenberg. 
1879 Weyenberg, Boletin de la Acad. Nat. de Ciencias d. 1. 
Repub. Argent., III., p. 188. (Pulex grossiventris. ) 
This is a Sarcopsylla and a good species, but was insufficiently 
described. The very large size (length of male, 2.5-3.25 mm.; of pregnant 


22 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 


female, 6-6.5 mm.) and the small metathoracic scale would separate it 
from .S. penetrans. It was found on Dasypus minutus, Desm., and is 
probably restricted in range to southern South America, as nothing of the 


sort seems to have come to the notice of Bonnet. 
Genus Rhyuchopsylla, Haller. 


1860. v. Frauenfeld, Sitzungsber. D. K. Akad. d.Wiss.Wien., XL.,p. 
462. (Hectopsylla. ) 

1880. Haller, Archiv. f, Naturgeschichte Jahrg. 46., p. 72. Taf. IV. 
(Rhynchopsylla. ) 

This genus contains but one species, 
Rhynchopsylla pulex, Haller. 

1860. v. Frauenfeld, Sitzungsber. D. K. Akad. d. Wiss., Wien., 4 BE 
p. 462. (Hectopsylla psittaci.) 

1880. Haller, Archiv. f. Naturgeschichte Jahrg. 46., p. 72. Taf. IV. 
(Rhynchopsylla pulex.) 

First mentioned by Frauenfeld, as taken from a species of Psittacus. 


Later was also found on a Molossus, sp. 
Fam. Vermipsyllide, Wagner. 
1889. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. T., XXIII., No. 1-2, p. 205. 


The family contains but one genus, 
Genus Vermipsyd/a, Schimkewitsch. 
1885. Schimkewitsch, Zool. Anz., No. 187. 


Wagner (I. c.) characterizes this genus as follows :—Terminal antennal 
joint with nine circular incisions; mandibles double the length of 
maxillary palpi; labial palpi with rr to 13 pseudo-joints; pregnant 
female with swollen abdomen. Parasitic on Ungulates. 

Vermipsylla alacurt, Schimk. 

1885. Schimkewitsch, Zool. Anz., No. 187. (Female. ) 

1889. Wagner, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. T., XXIII., No. 1-2, p. 205. 
(Male, ) . 


(Zo be continued.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 


BOOK NOTICE. 


“ Kritisches Verzeichniss der Myrmekophilen und Termitophilen 
Arthropoden mit Angabe der Lebenweise und mit Beschreibung 
neuer Arten. Von E. Wasmann, S. J., Berlin, Felix L. Dames, 1894.” 


Under the above title, Dr. Wasmann has given us the greatest con- 
tribution to this interesting subject ever made, and one that must become 
a classic in Entomology. ‘The work is published in the form of an octavo 
brochure of some 248 pages, and is gotten up in a fine style of the 
printer’s art. 


A few pages of introduction preface the main body of the work, giving 
a short history of the study of myrmecophiles and termitophiles, and 
stating the difficulties arising in the study of the matter and lying in the 
way of the preparation of such a Catalogue as the present. The number 
of accidental or transient visitors to the nests of ants and termites is very 
large, and has formed a considerable proportion of several previous lists, 
but the Doctor has eliminated this element from his paper so far as 
possible. This introduction is followed by a tabular statement of the 
number of myrmecophilous and termitophilous arthropoda mentioned in 
the body of the work, from which we make the following extracts :— 

The entire number of myrmecophilous insects reaches 1,177 species, 
of which 993 are Coleoptera, under which the family Staphylinidee is best 
represented with 263 species; the Paussid (none of which are North 
American) follow next with 169, then the Histeride with 128, the Psela- 
phide (s.s.) with 113, and the Clavigeride with 89. Several others hold 
from 15 to 40 species each of myrmecyphilous habit, and in all 30 
families are enumerated in this order. The Pausside and Clavigeride 
are, so far as known, almost exclusively myrmecophilous. 


The Strepsiptera are represented by a single species of myrmecolax 
(M. nietneri, Westw.), which occurs in the hind body of ants in Ceylon. 
The Hymenoptera are found in 39 cases, of which 22 are other ants, and 
14 belong to the parasitic families Braconide, Chalcidide and Procto- 
truipide. There are 26 species of Lepidoptera, 18 Diptera, 7 Orthoptera, 
1 Pseudoneuropter, 72 Rhynchota and 20 Thysanura. ‘The Myriapoda 
are doubtful or more likely inimical and accidental. There are also 26 
myrmecophilous spiders, 34 Acarina and 9 Isopodous Crustacea. 

So much for myrmecophiles. The termites do not support such a 
large list of species, as 105 kinds of insects only are here recognized as 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


termitophilous. Of these, 87 are Coleoptera, distributed by families as 
follows :—Carabidz, 5; Staphylinide, 59 ; Pselaphide, 5; Silphide, 1 ; 
Lathridiidee, 1 ; Histeride, 7 ; Scarabeidz, 6. The other orders of insects 
are not so well represented as the beetles, numbering thus :—Hymenop- 
tera, 6; Lepidoptera, 2; Diptera, 2 (doubtful) ; Pseudoneuroptera, 4 ; 
Rhynchota, 3; Thysanura, 1. The Arachnoidea are present with 4 
species. 


After this presentation of the standing of different groups comes a 
bibhograpy of over 550 titles of books and papers containing more or 
less extensive notices of the inhabitants of ants’ and termites’ nests, and 
this is again succeeded by a list of species classified on a double system. 
Each family is taken up in order, and the species contained in it are 
arranged under different heads, as myrmecophilous or termitophilous, 
When the name of the host is known it is given, together with a reference 
to the source of information, and the author has inserted notes wherever 
they seemed necessary for the elucidation of difficult or disputed points, 
The list occupies nearly 150 pages, and is a marvel of careful study and 
long research. 


Next in order is a supplement of 19 pages, containing descriptions of 
new species of these interesting little insects—among them several from 
the collections of Messrs. Schwarz and Pergande, who have done so 
much to advance our knowledge of North American forms.. The work 
is closed by an alphabetical index, which admits of instant reference to 
any family or genus mentioned in the body of the book. 


In conclusion, we must offer to Dr. Wasmann our sincere thanks and 
hearty congratulations on the completion of this comprehensive and 
valuable contribution to entomological literature. Ls ita 8 


DILIGENCE REWARDED. 


Ever since Mr. Elliott disclosed the fact that /Vatysamia Columbia 
was to be found in this locality, a sharp lookout has been kept by the 
collectors here on the Tamarack trees, of which there are several clusters 
in this vicinity, for cocoons of that moth. 


In the early part of December, 1894, Messrs. Balkwill and Rennie 
made the much looked for discovery, and in a short time had secured 
twelve, and on their next visit to the same locality, nine more ; whilst 
they saw, several that were well out of reach. They report them to be 
generally situated high up in the trees. On the smaller trees they are 
attached upright to the trunk, whilst on the larger ones, some were found 
on the branches, and seldom more than one on atree. ‘This is a good 
illustration of the advantage derived from knowing what to look for, and 
where to look for it, as they are far from being conspicuous objects. 


J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. 


Mailed January 8th. 


The @anailiay Fantomolonist. 


VOL. XXVIL LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1895. No. 2. 


Ny 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
vu. THE CucujIp& OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The Cucujide constitute a small family of beetles of depressed, 
often elongate form, the antenne lengthened in many species, giving 
them a somewhat characteristic appearance, which, while recalling 
the Cerambycide, renders them, nevertheless, easily recognized. They 
may be technically distinguished from the allied Clavicorn families 
by the long elytra, the five-jointed tarsi (the hind ones sometimes 
only four-jointed in the males), the rounded or oval anterior coxe, 
the middle ones with externally open cavities and the posterior 
separate. The ventral segments are sub-equal in length. The larvee, 
so far as known, are flattened grubs, with distinct antenne and 
several ocelli; the terminal segments often with hooks or tubercles. 

The table of genera, as given below, is entirely different from 
that used in the books, and is based on characters that can be 
easily seen by any one with the aid of a hand lens, but of course 
fails to express the real affinities, being made solely for the purpose 
of facilitating the work of identification of unknown species. Of 
the four figures given, three are taken from Captain Casey’s ‘‘ Revision 
of the N. Am. Cucujidee,” while that of Cucujus clavipes is original. 
The above-mentioned paper has proved very useful in the specific 
separation, and should be consulted by those who have to deal with 
extra-limital forms. 

Seventeen species are recorded in the Canadian lists; they belong 
to eight genera, which separate thus :— 

A. Antenne with distinct club; third joint never longer, usually 
shorter than the second. 
Club of three rather suddenly enlarged joints ..S¢/vanus. 


Club of gradual formation ......-...-.+++++ . Nausibius. 


26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


AA. Antenne usually without club; third joint (with one exception) 
longer than the second. 
b. Head widest behind the eyes ; colour, bright red .. . Cucujus. 
bb. Head widest across the eyes. 


c. Antennze shorter than head and thorax...... Pediacus. 
cc. Antennz longer than head and _ thorax. 
f. Thorax distinctly serrate at sides..........Brontes. 


ff. Thorax not serrate at sides, sometimes with a single 
tooth at anterior angles. 

g. First antennal joint about as long as the head 

..... .. Dendrophagus. 


gg. First joint much shorter than head. 
Thorax as long or longer than broad, size 
ustiallysJarge, .| «sa t.sdudt ch Ae oO eietens 
Thorax transverse, size small...Zemophleus. 


SILVANUuS, Latr. 


Small, usually elongate and somewhat depressed beetles of brownish 
or ferruginous colour, the elytra with large round punctures arranged 
in rows. Antenne with the last three joints forming a rather abrupt 
and loose club. They are usually found in grain, which is often 
damaged considerably thereby, or under bark, more particularly that 
of oaks and poplars. ‘The Canadian species may easily be known by 
the following characters: Fig. 1 represents S. surinamensis. 

Prothorax sub-oval, sides each with six large teeth (.1o in.) 

Vie MM eo es vin on dpheetathoen Based AAD IR ER ALE TEE GCSEs 
Prothorax elongate, strongly narrowed behind,. sides not 

toothed. 

Body very opaque. Thorax ionger and with a sharp 
tooth at anterior angles (.1: in.)..d¢dentatus, Fabr. 
Body somewhat shining. Thorax wider, teeth at angles 


less developed (.10-.11 in.)....... planatus, Lec. aig. ¢. 
Prothorax broader than long, anterior angles with a small 
tooth Cogs atime. «- .. -\s PR TOC trusty sere Creieee eae 


Nausipius, Redt. 


One species (lV. dentatus, Marsh.) is found here. It is larger 
than S7/vanus, and the antennal club is of gradual formation. In 


THE CANADIAN ENYOMOLOGIST. 27 


colour it is very dark brown, the body is densely and deeply punc- 
tured, and the sides of the prothorax are irregular, with six teeth. 
Length, .14 to .20 in. 

CATOGENUuS, Westw. 


Represented by C. rufus, Fabr., a flat, chestnut-coloured insect, 
often taken under bark, and varying in size from a little over .15 to 
above .50 in. The prothorax is narrowed behind, distinctly punctured, 
but with a smooth median line. The elytra are deeply striate. 


Pepiacus, Shuck. 


These are rather smali, ferruginous or brownish insects of depresssed 
form, broader than most Silvanini, which they resemble somewhat in 
the antennz being terminated by a three-jointed club. They are thus 
differentiated :— 

Surface opaque, lateral thoracic margin feebly undulated (.12—.16 in.) 

: k if SGleS: Ea 

Bimeite spew hat’ onan: jatecal rabic margin iiteebly serrulate 

Pe RTT Mace dig oh os as <5 » RS erlgaa al hg’ BEA ESSHS: EMDSE: 


Cucujus, Fabr. 

A very striking insect on account of its colour is 
C. clavipes, Fabr. (Fig. 2.) The entire upper surface is 
scarlet, except the eyes and antenne. The head is 
broad behind the eyes, the posterior angles being pro- 
duced outward and backward, and rounded at tips. 
The thorax and elytra are very flat, the former having 
the disk impressed. Tibize and tarsi, dark. Length, 
.40 to .50 in. The form known as puniceus, Mann., is 
found in British Columbia, and may be known by the 
first antennal joint being usually testaceous instead of 
black, the more elongate body and narrower neck. 


= ah Tar ca] 
Eeomvsan isreast ctr Becth . 
WAS ARTA ET VS 


tpg hoes 


L&MOPHL«@us, Lap. 


Small, usually flattened, but sometimes moderately convex insects 
occurring commonly under bark. ‘They are, as a rule, more flattened 
and often much broader proportionally than the Silvanini, the antennze 
frequently elongate, especially in the males, The females, besides 
having shorter antenne, have often a narrower head and_ thorax, 
The following table will enable the recorded species to be recognized: 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A. Elytra with a light spot before the middle of each. 
Elytral spot nearly circular, well defined, surface densely punc- 


tate (.10=.155 10.)....... ~sirieetbi oh. BRCUNDaMEs ay, 
Elytral spot ill-defined, ‘ine Sunes etitly punctured (.10 
eS) 7 ee em OmOO Pee Nath 18S. 


AA. Elytra uniformly ferruginous or testaceous or slightly darker at 
tip, not spotted. 
Body flattened above. 
Second antennal joint shorter than third (.o7-.09 in.)..... 
5 6 a Cents Fh ss baad OUESTUG Saye 
Seana Peeanal joint equal to third he 05-.08 ae testaceus, Fabr. 
Body convex. 
Anterior thoracic angles toothed (.o8-.10 in.)..comvexulus, Lec. 
Anterior angles rounded (.056-.08 in.)........adustus, Lec. 


DENDROPHAGUS, Schonh. 


D. glaber, Vec. (Fig. 3), is a shining, nearly black 
species (the elytra sometimes brown), varying from about 
.25 to .28 in. in length, of depressed elongate form, the 
heaa and thorax with deep coarse punctures, the wider 
elytra being punctate-striate. The antenne are long, 
the first joint about equal in length to the head. 


Brontes, Fabr. 


Body very flat, closely and _ coarsely 
punctured, antennze nearly or quite as long 
as the entire body, the first joint about 
equal to the next three. The sides of the 
thorax are minutely serrate and sinuate. But one species. 
(B. dubius, Fabr., Fig. 4) is actually recorded from Canada, 
but as another is probably common there, I give Capt. 
Casey’s table for their distinction :— 

Elytra of male angulate posteriorly, head and thorax 


Paler (.19-022 /4M,)...0s acetals sia See UTES ars, 
Elytra evenly rounded ‘behind in boi sexes, body: 
above unicolorous (.19-.21 in.) ....... debilis, Lec. 


The principal papers treating of the North American’ 
species of this small family are :— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 


1854. Leconte, J. L., Synopsis of the Cucuiides of the U.S: Proc: 
Wendi Natesci:, Phil., VII.,:p. 73-79: 

1884. Casey, Thos. L., Revision of the Cucujide of America, 
north of Mexico. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XI., 1884, p. 69 to 112, pl. 
IV.-VIII. 


SUMMARY OF THE U. S. PHASMIDE. 
BY S. H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


The following table, adapted from Brunner von Wattenwyl and Stal, 
will enable any one quickly to determine the genera in his collection of 
U.S. Phasmide. Our species are few in number and all apterous. Only 
one of them, Diapheromera femorata (Say), extends into Canada. 


A‘, Tibiz not furnished at apex beneath with a sunken areola to receive 
the base of the tarsi when bent upon them. (All of our genera of this 
division belong to the Bacunculide, in which the antenne are much longer 
than the anterior femora and furnished with at least thirty joints, and the 
median segment is much shorter than the metanotum.) 


b!. Hind femora armed beneath on the median line near apex with 
one or more distinct spines.................+....+.Deapheromera. 


b?. Hind femora unarmed beneath next apex. 


cl. Head, especially in the ?, furnished in front between the 
eyes with a pair of tubercles or longitudinal rugz, sometimes 
highly developed ; hind femora of 9 hardly extending beyond 
the middle of the fourth abdominal segment, relatively stout ; 
first joint of hind tarsi of 2 shorter than the other joints 
(Clee) (eh eel Aer Ee ee OC ir eR aR ROT 00 


c?, Head unarmed in both sexes; hind femora of ? reaching 
the end of the fourth abdominal segment, relatively slender ; 
first joint of hind tarsi of @ about equal to the other joints 
LOBEENC rer ee asc. - «4 ects gl. Eo vit, ve DO CUCILES 


A®. Tibie furnished at apex beneath with a sunken areola to receive the 
base of the tarsi when bent upon them. 


b!. Antennz many jointed, longer than the fore femora; median 
segment shorter than the metanotum ; without spines on head, 
thorax or legs ; anterior segments of abdomen transverse, at least in 
the ¢? : 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


c'. Mesothorax twice as long as the prothorax ; basal joint of 
antenne but little longer and little stouter than the second 
Antsomorpha. 
c’. Mesothorax no longer than prothorax ; basal joint of antennz 
fully twice as long and, especially on apical half, twice as stout 
PSB nonce) '° 7; RST a ie Naropa . Zimema. 
b®. Antenne with less cide went sothits sdortds Hla the fore 
femora; anterior segments of abdomen much longer than broad 
Bacillus. 
BACUNCULID&. 
Diapheromera, Gray.—The described species are D. denticrus, Stal, 
a large species found in the south-west (Louisiana and Texas); D 
Semorata (Say), of which D. Sayz, Gray, is a synonym, the commonest 
species and of the widest range, and D. ve/ii Walsh, described from 
Nebraska. Apparently other species occur, but they have not been 
studied. 
Sermyle Stal.——A species occurs in Texas,*perhaps nieeserbeds 
Bacunculus Burm.—Two species are found, one in Central Texas, 
the other in Southern Florida. Both are believed to be undescribed. 


ANISOMORPHID&. 


Anisomorpha, Gray.—Three nominal species are known: A. dupres- ° 
toides (Stoll’), A. ferruginea (Pal. de Beauv.) and A. divittata (Say), all 
from the south-eastern and southern United States. Very likely there is 
only a single species (which must then take the name buprestoides), but 
A. ferruginea may be distinct from the others. 

Timema (ripnps) gen. nov.—This genus is closely allied to Aga- 
themera Stal, but is readily distinguished by the somewhat remarkable 
antennae, the first joint of which is very large, much enlarged apically, 
though narrowed a little at the extreme apex, several times longer than 
broad, and two or three times larger than the eyes. ‘The head is of equal 
width. with the prothorax, which is not narrowed anteriorly. A single 
species from Santa Cruz, California, has been brought to my notice by 
Prof. L. Bruner. I propose to describe it as 7. cadifornicum. 


BACILLID&. 


Bacillus Latr.—Two species have been briefly noted: 2. coloradus 
Scudd., found in Colorado, and &. carinatus, Scudd. » occuring in Arizona 
and northern Mexico, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 


ALYPIA MARIPOSA, LARVA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 


Mr. J. B. Lembert has kindly sent me some alcoholic larvae of 
A. mariposa, and I may record a few points in comparison with the 
eastern A. octomaculata. Mr. Lembert has given the life history 
quite fully in the December number of the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST, 
but our species have not been compared. The larva is especially 
interesting, as being the second one discovered in this genus. We 
have long been familiar with that of A. octomacu/ata, and everybody 
has described it; but the other species, though somewhat numerous, 
have remained unknown. 


Mr. Lembert has sent me specimens which appear to be in 
stages IL, Ill, IV. and VI. The larve are noctuiform as is 
octomaculata with joint 12 enlarged. The tubercles are of the normal 
noctuid arrangement,* large, low-conical, rather less developed than 
in octomaculata, with single, large, smooth sete. The width of head 
by calculation would be for the six stages—o.32, 0.50, 0.77, 1.2, 1.8, 
2.8 mm. (ratio, 0.65). The measurements of the examples before me 
are 0.5, 0.75, 1.2 and 2.8 mm. 


As compared with octomacu/ata, the markings are more general- 
ized. Until the last stage, the larva is very plainly marked ; besides 
the black tubercles, there is only present a diffuse white dorsal and 
stigmatal band, gradually becoming more distinct. In the last stage 
there are added four transverse black bands on each segment, instead 
of the eight of octomacudata, and these bands are confined to the 
space between the dorsal and stigmatal lines, and the two central 
ones on each segment are fused together. The abdominal leg plates 
are pale, instead of black, as in octomacudata. The. ground colour is 
duller than in the .eastern species. Instead of the bluish-white 
ground with the transverse orange bands on joints 5, 6, 7, and 12 
of octomaculata, the whole ground is dull orange, relieved only by 


*J., anterior subdorsal; IL., posterior, more nearly lateral; III., lateral above 
spiracle; IV., stigmatal posterior; V., anterior, and VI., posterior inferior sub- 
ventral; VII., three sete in a triangle on leg plate; VIII., near medio-ventral line. 

See article by Wilhelm Miiller in Zool. Jahrbiicher for 1886, on larvee of 
South American Nymphalide. Tubercles VI. to VIII, do not appear charac- 
teristically on these specialized butterflies, and are not described by Miiller, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Oo. 
bo 


the diffuse white longitudinal bands, which become obsolete anteriorly. 
The stigmatal band extends down below the spiracles and contrasts 
the black subvevtral tubercles, Its central part represents the inter- 
segmental, sub-stigmatal white patches of octomacudata, though the 
marking is here quite undefined. Posteriorly the white bands tend to 
usurp the whole ground area, showing the origin of the white ground 
in octomaculata. 

Nearly two years ago, Mr. Lembert sent me an egg of A. 
mariposa (or possibly A. Ridingsi?). The following is its appearance 
under the microscope :— Flattened, round, strongly depressed centrally 
at the micropyle. Rather less than forty deep grooves run vertically, 
a few not reaching the summit; the edges of these grooves are some- 
what sinuate, as if formed of rows of large pits which had become 
confluent in a vertical direction. In a rather large area around the 
micropyle, the grooves cease ‘and are replaced by closely crowded 
punctures, but not small, with sharply elevated rims. Diameter, .7 
mm. Height about .2 mm. Base flattened. 


ACTIAS LUNA. | 

On 24th May Mr. Lachlan Gibb took a female, which he left alive to 
get eggs, a number of which were laid between the 25th and 29th. On 
the 14th June the eggs were hatching, and the larvee were offered butternut 
leaves, which they eat readily, and matured very rapidly. About the 27th 
of the month, Mr. Gibb kindly gave me four of these larve, which were 
then apparently more than half grown. They moulted once only, so far 
as my observations went, after I received them, and on 12th July three 
spun their cocoons, the fourth doing this on the 16th. Early in August 
Mr. Gibb asked me to take charge of his cocoons, and keep them with 
mine, as giving a better opportunity of getting another lot of eggs next 
season, and on 2zoth August I was surprised to find that one of Mr. Gibb’s 
cocoons had disclosed the imago, a @. ‘Thinking that this was only the 
forerunner of others, I kept it alive, taking all the cocoons down with me 


to Murray Bay, but no other emergence took place. 
Mr. Street, jr., of this city, has since informed me that he saw a 
specimen on our mountain at about the same time as this one emerged. 
H. H. Lyman, Montreal. 


‘tte CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33 


CANADIAN COCCID. 
I. THE SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS WHICH INFEST TREES OF THE TRIBE 
BETULEZ. 


BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 


In 1869 Signoret described a species from Switzerland as Chzonaspis 
aini. Yt was found on the bark of the alder (Alnus communis). This 
species has never been seen in America, but in 1883 Comstock 
announced a form from alder and Viburnum as Chionaspis Lintner. 
Since: the latter date our knowledge of the matter seems to have 
remained without additions. Mr. James Fletcher has just sent me 
a Chionaspis plentifully infesting the bark of Betula papyrifera, 
from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, about 46° N. Lat. I 
examined this with interest, owing to the locality and the host. plant, 
and on comparing it with Comstock’s account of C. Lintneri, I have 
no doubt that it is the same. 

The following description was made from the Charlottetown 
specimens :— 

@ scale white, with the exuvie rather small, orange-brown. Scale 
very broadly pyriform in outline, some nearly circular without the 
_ projection on which are the exuvie. Length of scale about 2 mm. 


? (soaked, not boiled, in liquor potassz) pale lemon-yellow. Mouth 
parts large. Ventral grouped glands well-developed, caudolaterals 31, 
cephalolaterals 38, median group with 18 orifices. A group of nine 
to fifteen oval dorsal pores situated nearly opposite the lateral 
groups of ventral glands. Bands of dorsal oval gland-orifices 
very distinct. The usual sac-like bodies between the lobes. Anal 
orifice between the cephalolateral groups of glands. 

Median lobes \arge, rounded at their ends, but not truncate ; their 
two sides, if continued to a point, would meet at a little less 
than a right angle. Lobes touching at base, thence widely diverg- 
ing at about a right angle; not distinctly notched. 

Second lobes shorter, rounded, with a small appendage or lobule 
placed cephalad. 

Third lobes rounded, low, forming less than a hemisphere, with 
a small lobule placed caudad. 

Margin beyond the lobes irregularly crenate, slightly serrate. 
Spine-like plates as in allied species, two between first and second 


34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


lobes, three between second and third, next a large pair, then 
another larger pair, and then a group of five to nine. These 
characters are quite variable. 


Comparing the above with Comstock’s account of Lintner, one 
or two points call for notice. Comstock says he found the reddish- 
brown, with the last segment yellow, but supposes in life it would 
be reddish. This I doubt, but my specimens are not alive, so I 
cannot say certainly what colour they originally were. In his table 
of Chionaspis (2nd Cornell Rep., p. 98) he separates Lintner? from 
salicis by two characters :— 


(1.) Distal ends of mesal lobes pointed or obscurely trilobed. 
They are not exactly pointed, and the trilobation is very obscure, 
but the distinction intended seems a valid one. 
In sadicis these lobes are more truncate altogether. 

(2.) A single plate laterad of each second lobe, and usually two plates 
laterad of each third lobe. 
This appears to break down altogether; the first specimen I 
examined was as above described, with two and three plates; but 
the character was not constant, the next one looked at being 
as typical Lentnerz. 


On comparing the Charlottetown scales with scales of C. sadicis 
received from Mr. Newstead, I found that they were practically 
alike. Comstock says he cannot tell the scales of Zintnert (2) from 
sadicis,—neither can I. 


If Comstock had not described Zéntneri, I think I should have 
placed the Charlottetown insect, for the present, as C. sadicis, var.; 
but although it is extremely near to sadicis, it must be admitted 
that it is not really the same, and the name C. Zintnerz stands valid. 


Fortunately I had some scales of C. adv, Sign., sent to me by 
Mr. K. Sulc, collected at Kralové Dvur, Bohemia. On comparing 
them with the Charlottetown Ziztneri, they were manifestly distinct, 
being narrower, not so white, with paler exuvie. They were from 
Alnus glutinosa. 


It may not be out of place here to call attention to Aspidiotus 
betule, Baren sp., 1849, which is listed in Prof. Smith’s New Jersey 
Catalogue. It is a pretty and distinct species, but I have seen only 
European specimens. 


oe 


fHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


If. PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE SPECIES OF LECANIUM FOUND ON OAK IN 
NORTH AMERICA, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ONE 
ON QUERCUS RUBRA. 

Some time ago Mr. James Fletcher sent me specimens of a 
Lecanium found at Jubilee Point, Rice Lake, Canada, on Quercus 
rubra. This was handed to Mr. J. Bennett for examination, and 
was found by him to present the following characters :— 

Scale, 4 mm. long, 21%4 wide, 2 high. Antenne 7-jointed, formula 
3 (21) 7 5 4 6. 7 was almost as long as 2. Tarsus, 24 length of 
tibia; claw short and not very sharp. 

There are four species of Zecanium known from oaks in North 
America, the characters of which, according to Signoret, are as 
follows (excluding non-essential details) :— 


L. antennatum, Sign. — Scale, 5 mm. long, 3% wide, 3 high. 
Antenne 7-jointed, 3 very long, 7 longer than 4, 5 or 6, which 
are short. ‘Tarsus a little longer than tibia, claw stout. Dis- 


tinguished from guercitronis by its more elongate form. 


Ji gquercitronis, Fitch.—-Scale, 3 to’ 5 mm. long, 3 to 4 wide, hemis- 
pherical, somewhat elongate in lateral profile. Antenne 7-jointed, 
3 and 4 longest, nearly equal, 5 and 6 shortest, 7 as long as 4. 
Tibia longer than tarsus; claw very small. On black oak. 


L. quercifex, Fitch.—Scale, 7 mm. long, 4 wide, 4 high. Antennz 
7-jointed, 3 and 4 equal, 5 and 6 equal and shortest, 7 as long 
as 5 + 6, Tarsus as long as tibia. On white oak. 

L. quercus (Linné?), Sign.—Scale, 7 mm. long, 3% wide, 3% high. 
Antenne not seen by Signoret. Tarsus not quite so long as 
tibia. More rugose than gwercifex, but less so than antennatum. 
This can hardly be the, true Linnean insect. 

In Europe are found on oaks: 

L. emerici, Planch.—On the “evergreen oaks” in South Europe. 

L. fuscum, Gmel.—On Quercus robur ; scale, 6 mm. diam.; antenne 
6-jointed, 3 much longer than 4. See Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., 
Oct., 1887, p. 98. 

L. ciliatum, Dougl.—In England. See Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 67. 

? LZ. guercus, Linn.—On Quercus robur. See Douglas, Ent. Mo. 
Mag., Oct., 1887, p. 99. These four names appear to represent 
only three recognizable species. 


s 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Putting aside the European forms, which do not appear to 
occur in America, we have two elongate species and two short ones. 
Our scale on Q. rubra evidently belongs with the latter. The 
main. distinction between antennatum and guercitronis is in the 
antenne, and here we see at once that our form falls in with the 
former, having the third joint very much longer than 4. There 
would seem, however, to be a slight difference in the legs. 

On the whole, the evidence so far obtained cannot be said to 
support the view that the Canadian insect is new, and distinct 
from antennatum, though it may stand as a variety. For the 
present it can be recorded as Lecanium antennatum, Signoret, variety. 


PROTECTIVE MIMICRY IN SPIDERS. 


BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, O., 


In the concluding volume of his ‘admirable work on “American 
Spiders and their Spinning Work,” page 47, Dr. McCook gives the 
experiences of Mr. H. O. Forbes, and myself, with two species of 
spiders, whose forms and habits of spinning webs on leaves, together 
with the peculiar coloration of their bodies, gives them a deceptive 
resemblance to the droppings of birds. Dr. McCook tries to account 
for the phenomena of this protective resemblance, by attributing it to 
the results of natural selection. 


Now, it seems to me that natural selection, alone, would not have 
carried the deception so far as seems to have been done in these 
cases, and I think, away from their curiously arranged web, these spiders 
are not so deceptive in appearance, and that the spider has itself 
learned that by remaining in a rigid position on a sheet of web, 
arranged in a certain way on the leaf, it will be enabled to escape 
its enemies, and, what may be of almost as much importance, secure 
a better supply of food. 

‘Yo suppose this is hardly over-estimating the intelligence of these 
spiders. In my own case, I have thought that the deception might 
have been due, in part at least, to myself, and have often thought 
that cn meeting with it a second time I should recognize it without 
much trouble. 


The Doctor has apparently overlooked the fact that Mr. Forbes 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37 


met with his spider a second time, and was even more badly fooled 
by it than before. In Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 586, he gives his 
experience as follows :— 

“On June 25th, 1881, in the forest near the village of Lempar, 
on the banks of the Moesi River, in Sumatra, while my “ boys ” were 
procuring for me some botanical specimens from a high tree, I was 
rather dreamily looking on the shrubs before me, when I became 
conscious of my eyes resting on a bird-excreta-marked leaf. How 
strange, I thought, it is that I have never got another specimen of 
that curious spider I found in Java which simulated a patch just like 
this. I plucked the leaf by the petiole while so cogitating, and looked 
at it half listlessly for some moments, mentally remarking how closely 
that other spider had copied nature ; when to my delighted surprise, 
I discovered I had actually secured a second specimen, but the 
imitation was so exquisite that I really did not perceive how matters 
stood for some moments. The spider never moved while I was 
plucking or twirling the leaf, and it was only when I placed the 
tip of my finger on it, that I observed that it was a spider, when 
it, without any displacement of itself, flashed its falces into my flesh. 

“The first specimen I got was in West Java. While hunting 
one day for lepidoptera I observed a specimen of one of the Hes- 
peride sitting, as is often a custom of theirs, on the excreta of a 
bird on a leaf; I crept near it, intending to examine what they 
find in what one is inclined to consider incongruous food for a 
butterfly. I approached nearer and nearer, and at last caught it 
between my fingers, when I found that it had, as I thought, become 
glued by its feet to the mass ; but on pulling gently, the spider, 
to my amazement, disclosed itself by letting go its hold. Only then 
did I discover that I was not looking on a veritable bird’s excreta.” 


Since reading of Mr. Forbes’s later experience I have given 
myself no mental promises as to how readily I should be able to 
recognize Madam Misumena vatia (?) when I next meet her unex- 
pectedly. Unless greatly mistaken, I have beaten this same spider 
from branches of trees while collecting beetles, and experienced no 
difficulty in recognizing its nature as it dropped into an inverted 
umbrella, and am quite sure that, without the white web on the 
leaf, which resembles the white splashings of the semifluid excreta, 
it would be far less deceptive. 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PREPTOS, TAMPHANA AND AROTROS—A REVIEW. 


In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 
1892, Mr. W. Schaus describes as new 180 species of ‘‘ Bombycid ” 
moths from Mexico and various parts of South America, with three 
‘“‘new genera.” Of these, one is located in the Lasiocampide and 
two in the Bombycide. All these generic descriptions are utterly 
inadequate, and the question should be raised seriously whether 
names founded on such descriptions should be recognized. We are 
accustomed to believe that the classification of Herrich-Schaffer is still 
used by lepidopterists, at least in its fundamental features; but in 
these descriptions the word “vein” does not appear. The descrip- 
tion of the Lasiocampid is the longest of the three, yet the author 
gives but eight characters by which to identify his genus. Five of 
these are common to nearly all the genera of the family ; two others 
appear in several genera already well known, and the genus must be 
distinguished from the one hundred and forty odd genera of Lasi- 
ocampidz already catalogued, by the female having an expanse of 
wing of 95 mm., and a short abdomen, ‘not extending beyond the 
secondaries ! ” 

Surely it is time to call a halt. Some standard of generic 
description must be adopted, or else what is the use of multiplicating 
so-called “descriptions” that do not describe. Better to save puzzling 
over meaningless sentences, and simply say :— ‘“‘ New genus; type in 
my collection.” 

It would seem that the least that could be expected of an 
author was to tell how the venation differed from the nearest ally of 
the ‘‘new genus,” the same being already described. A full descrip- 
tion of the venation, or a figure, would be preferable. Even a 
complete knowledge of the wing structure is not sufficient to place a 
genus; but it is among the essentials. 

I think all who have had anything to do with generic Shalgastons 
(which, unfortunately, does not seem to be a majority of lepidop- 
terists!) will agree with me that the practices to which I am referring 
are reprehensible, and deserving of a most vigorous protest. 


Harrison G. Dyar, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 


ON ‘THE COLEOPTERA OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA, 
INCLUDING BIOLOGIC AND OTHER NOTES. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. 


A paper giving biologic notes on some New Mexico Coleoptera 
was published in “Insect Life,” Vol. V., p. 37-40; and a paper 
treating of the blister-beetles or meloids of New Mexico and Arizona, 
in “Psyche,” 1894, p. 100-102. ‘The species mentioned in the 
former are mostly incorporated in the present paper, those in the 
latter not at all. These three papers, therefore, will serve as a 
catalogue, or list with notes, of all the Coleoptera observed by the 
writer in New Mexico and Arizona, except a few, the names of 
which it has been impossible to get from those to whom they were 
sent for determination. 


I will not attempt to point out here any peculiarities in the 
Coleopterous fauna of this region, but let the list speak for itself. 
The absence, scarcity, and abundance of certain families and groups 
are interesting, and characteristic as a tule, though I cannot say that 
the list represents the true proportions, as my collecting was far too 
meagre. 

All the species were determined by Dr. Riley, with the excep- 
tion of those marked *, which were determined by Mr. Liebeck. 

Tetracha Carolina, L..—\Was Cruces, N. M. August 21st to Sept. 
roth ; seven. Grant County, N. M. (W. J. Howard) ; one. 

Cicindela obsoleta, Say.—Grant Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); one. It 
is 19 mm. long, brownish black, with four creamy markings on each 
elytron, the inner or fourth one small, resulting from the breaking of 
the median large one into two. 

Cicindela prasina, Lec.—Granut Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); one. It 
is 17 mm. long, bright vivid green, with six spots on each elytron, 
the three principal markings each broken into two. 

Cicindela longilabris, Say.—San Francisco Mountain, Arizona, 
July 15th; one. Much like a large specimen of vu/garis, but with 
elytral markings very delicate, indistinct. * 

Cicindela pulchra, Say.—Navajo Springs, Arizona, July 24th; ten 
specimens. Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); two large specimens. 

Cicindela punctulata, Fab.—Navajo Springs, Arizona, July 24th; 
one. Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 


40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cicindela micans, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex.; one. Zuni, N. M., 
July 29th; one. Grant Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); ome. Green species. 

Cicindela macra, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M.; four. 

Cicindela sperata, Lec.— Winslow, Arizona, July tgth; one. 
Aztec, Arizona, July 21st; two. Navajo Springs, Arizona, July 24th; 
five. 

Cicinde/a, sp. indet.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail ; 2,500 
to 5,000 ft. below rim. July 8th to rrth; twenty-seven collected. * 


Calosoma scrutator, Fab.— Las Cruces, N. M., May 17th, 1892; 
one. Palomos, N. M., June 15th, 1892; one seen to drop from a 
cottonwood tree, on which it had doubtless been hunting and devour-. 
ing Hemileuca larve that were present on the tree. Another on a 
tree, and still another taken on ground at a spring. Grant County, 
Mylex CW. "|. H:)>one, 

Calosoma peregrinator, Guér.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.) ; 
one. Blackish. 

Pasimachus obsoletus Lec.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. 

Pterostichus scitulus, Lec.—Zuni, N. M., July 29th, 1892. A 
green species; one. 

Harpalus caliginosus, Fab,—Grant Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); two. 

Cymbiodyta fraterculus (2 Lec.—? Ilybius),—Soledad Canon, 
Organ Mountains, N. M. In a north side branch, about two miles 
up. May 23rd, 1891; one. In same spring with following. A 
smaller black water-beetle. 

Rhantus atricolor, Aubé.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mountains, N. 
M. Same north side branch, about two miles up. May 23rd, 1891. 
Numerous specimens (11) taken from a spring full of dead leaves. 

Lydrophilus triangularis, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M.; one. 

Hydrocharis glaucus, Lec.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July 8th, 1892; one. An _ oblong-hemispherical black water-beetle, 
taken in stream. * 

Necrophorus guttula, Mots.—Johnson’s Basin, Socorro Co., N. 
M.; one. June 23rd. Black and orange. 

Megilla vittigera, Mann.—G. Bar Ranch, Zuni River, Arizona. 
July<27th,-1592-5.three, > 


tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4] 


Hippodamia sinuata, Muls.—Cotorado, N. M., June 14th, 1892 3. 
one. 

Coccinella ocudata, Fab., and var. abdominalis, Say.—Las Cruces, 
N. M. May 22nd, 1892. Many pupz found on black locust at 
Central Hotel in Placita. On June 13th, 1892, both the species and 
the variety were found on mesquite (P. judifora) on road between 
Detroit and Rincon, N. M., and a great many larve were also seen 
on the mesquite. 

Mysia Hornit, Cr.—Turkey Tanks, Arizona, July tIst; one. 

Chilocorus, sp. ?—lLas Cruces, N. M., July 16th, 1891. Found 
empty larval skins of a coccinellid on trunks of apple trees. They 
were in patches of as many as twenty in places, usually just beneath 
where a large limb branched out from the trunk. 

Hyperaspidius. trimaculatus, L.—Las Cruces, N. M. 

LE pilachna corrupta, Muls.—Las Cruces, N. M. Very injurious 
mepeans. (See Insect Life; 1V., 26.) 

Erotylus Boisduvalii, Chev.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. This is a peculiar beetle, wholly black except the elytra, 
which are pale yellowish-white, with scattered, very small, shot-like 
black dots and a little black on outer edge in middle of each elytron. 

Dermestes marmoratus, Say.—Chaves, N. M. Aug. 6th, 1892; one. 

Attagenus Hornii, Jayne.—Las Cruces, N. M.; one beaten from 
mesquite (P. juliflora), May 12th, 1891. On mesa, 

Trogoderma tarsale, Melsh.—Las Cruces, N. M. Found May 
gth, in spring mattress of a bed, in some numbers. It was a hair 
mattress, and the beetles doubtless bred in it. 

Anthrenus varius, F.—Las Cruces, N. M. One beaten from flowers 
of mesquite (P. juliffora), May toth, 1891. On mesa. 

fololepta populnea, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., Nov. 14th, 1892. 
Found under bark of cottonwood log, in wet black inner layers of 
decaying bark, numbers of adults of this flattened histerid. They 
were infested with mites. Pupz of this species were found under 
cottonwood bark, November 16th and 17th, 1892, in Alameda and 
Bosque vedado. ‘They were enclosed each in a little cell in the 
inner layers of bark, the cell opening against the sap-wood. The 
cell is formed of pieces of the inner bark, and is placed between 
the inmost layers of bark and the sap-wood, being attached to the 


4Y THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


former. The pupa is wide, flattened, tapering rather shortly behind, 
and is slightly hairy anteriorly, with a pair of short anal styles posteriorly. 
It was bred to the imago state. 

Hlister Ulket, Horn.—Zuni, N. M., July 29th, 1892. A black 
and red _histerid. 


Paromalus estriatus, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., Nov. 14th, 1892. 
Found under bark of cottonwood, in the wet black inner layers. 


Saprinus discoidalis, Lec.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th, 1892. 
A greenish-black histerid. 


Carpophilus hemipterus, Linn.—Las Cruces, N. M., April, 1892. 
Found in ensilage by Samuel Steel, in company with some staphylinids. 
The ensilage was stored the previous summer, and kept tight all 
winter, so that the beetles had no access except from the adjoining 
earth. It was covered several feet deep with earth. 


Carpophilus pallipennis, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 18th, 1892. 
Numerous specimens found in yellow flowers of an Ofuntia, sp., on 
Tortuga Mt. A dark, reddish-brown species, with elytra yellowish, 
except at inner basis. 


* Hesperobenus, n, sp.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. M. Eating 
newly-forming flowers of Dasylirion Wheeleri. (See Insect Life, V., 
38, where it was referred to RAizophagus.) 


Sandalus porosus, Lec.—Zuni, N. M., July 31st, 18923 one. 


Adelocera vrorulenta, Lec.— Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 
4th, 1892; one. A most beautiful brown, bronze-yellow-dusted species.* 


Chalcolepidius Webbii, Lec,—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); two. 


Alaus lusciosus, Hope.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 26th, 1892 ; 
one. Greatly resembles oculatus. 


Melanotus, sp.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 


Gyascutus planicosta, Lec.—Grand Canon, Arizona, Hance trail. 
3,000-4,000 feet below rim. July roth, 1892; one. Also common at 
Las Cruces, N. M., on larrea and mesquite. (See Insect Life, V., 38.)* 


Gyascutus carolinensis, Horn.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance 
trail. 3,000-4,000 feet below rim. July rith, 1892. A bronzed species, 
but smaller than planicosta.* 


{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST‘. 43 


Psiloptera Webbit, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., August igth, 1892. 
Found six of this large purplish-blue metallic buprestid, with brassy 
yellow spots, on Salzx Jongifolia in the Alameda. It seemed to be 
eating the leaves. On August 21st many more were found on the 
same Sa/¢x in other localities along the Aceguia madre, One was 
found also Nov. 14th, 1892, on same Sa/x in Alameda. ‘The beetle 
is common, but I have never found it on anything else except 
this Saézx. Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one.* 


Buprestis Nuttalli, Kirby.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. This beautiful species is blackish, with a slight greenish lustre, 
elytra each with three yellow marks in a longitudinal line near centre, 
the two posterior ones on the right elytron coalescing by a narrow neck, 


Buprestis maculiventris, Say.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. A blackish species. 


Melanophila miranda, Lec.— Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
two. <A beautiful black and yellow species. 


Chrysobothris carinipennis, Lec.—Flagstaff, Arizona, July 3rd 
and 16th, 1892; two. 


Chrysobothris debilis, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 13. A pair 
in cowtu.™ 


Chrysobothris, n. sp.—Woodruff, Arizona, June 26th, 1892. A 
single specimen of a beautiful and most vivid metallic green species. 


Thrincopyge alacris, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M. Bred from dead 
flower-stalks of Dasylirion Wheelert. (See Insect Life, V., 38, where 
the species is queried.) June rst, 1892. One more issued from the 
flower-stalks grathered May 18th, 1892. Another issued June 6th, 1892. 


Thrincopyge ambiens, Vec.—Las Cruces, N. M. Bred from 
Dasylirion Wheelerit flower-stalks of previous year. August 11th, 
1892, after returning from a two-months’ field trip, four of the 
beetles were found dead in the breeding cages. ‘The species is about 
the size of Z: alacris, but is deep metallic green with a yellowish 
border. * 


Acmacodera mima, Gory.— Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. M., 
May 23rd, 1891; one on thistle. Looks much like 4. fpudchedla. 


44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Acmacodera pulchella, Abst.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. M., 
May 23rd, 1891; one on thistle flower. 

Acmaeodera culta, Web.—Las Cruces, N. M., August rrth, 1892. 
A dead specimen found issued from dry flower stalks of Dasylrion 
Wheelert. August 18th another had issued. * 

Lygistopterus rubripennis, Lec.—Flagstaff, Avizona, July 2nd and 
3rd, 1892; two. 

Pyropyga fenestralis, Melsh.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance 
trail July roth, 1892; one. A small blackish lampyrid, with thorax. 
red on sides.* 

Chauliognathus basalis, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W.J. H.); two. 

Chauliognathus scutellaris, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., August 
Igth ; one. 

Collops bipunctatus, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Plateau on 
rim at Hance’s. July 7th, 1892. Blue-green, thorax fulvous with 
two black spots ; head black at base, including eyes, fulvous anteriorly 
and antenne fulvous with great enlargement of third joint.* 

Pristoscelis rufipes, Mots.—Las Cruces, N. M. Several beaten 
from flowers and foliage of mesquite (P. juliflora), May 1oth, 1891. 
On mesa. Another beaten from same plant three miles south of 
Mesilla, May 16th, 1891. This is a very small pubescent elongate 
beetle. It is smaller, blacker and not so pubescent as P. suturadis. 


Pristoscelis suturalis, Lec.—Las Cruces, N, M. Several beaten 
from mesquite (P. julifora), May 16th, 1891, three miles south of 
Mesilla. A small pubescent beetle. 

Cymatodera Belfragei, Horn.—Chaves, N. M., August 6th, 1892; 
one. Elongate, blackish species. 

Trichodes ornatus, Say.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 4th, 
1302 ; two,” Grant -County,. IN... Mie (Wiha 1): five 

Clerus spinole, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M. (?). 

Hydnocera tricondyle, Lec.—Cocanini Plateau, Arizona, July 6th, 
1892; one. 

Lucanus mazama, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one ¢. 

Platycerus oregonensis, \Vestw.— Hart Little Spring, Arizona, 
July 14th, 1892; three.* 

Phaneus quadridens, Say.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one 
¢. This species is same size as difformis, but dark green without 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 


bronzy lustre, and elytra smooth. The strong backwardly curved 
horn on head of f reaches back nearly to base of elytra. 

Phaneus difformis, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 2 ¢’s 
and 3117-08 

Atenius laeviventris, Horn.—Las Cruces, N. M. Flying in summer. 

Aphodius granarius, Linn.—Santa Fé, N. M., April z2oth, 1892. 
Mr. J. F. Wielandy sent this species, reporting it to be doing exten- 
sive damage to his hot beds by issuing in immense numbers from the 
compost in the beds, thus throwing out the newly-sprouted seedlings, 
roots and all. Destroyed three-fourths of his young plants. He 
reports that “thousands upon thousands” issued. ‘The layer of com- 
post consisted of old rotten manure mixed, with earth, and was put 
on top of the beds. Beneath this was a three-foot layer of fresh 
dung to furnish heat. The injury was done by the mere mechanical 
force of the issuing of the insects. 

Ochodeus striatus, ec.—Winslow, Arizona, 1gth, 1892; 
one. A small pale rufous scarab. 

Macrodactylus uniformis, Horn.—Near Rincon, N. M., June r3th, 
1892; one. On mesquite or weeds. 

Diplotaxis brevicollis, Lec.—Apache Spring, Socorro County, N. M., 
June 21st, 1892; one. Black species.* 

Diplotaxis truncatula, Lec.?—Rincon, N. M., June 14th, 1892; 
one. Blackish species.* 

Diplotaxis Haydenii, Lec.?—Rincon, N. M., June 13th, 1892; 
one. Rufous brown species.* 

Listrochelus disparilis, Horn.—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. 
M., August 1st, 1892; six specimens, attracted to light of camp fire 
at night.* 

Listrochelus scoparius, Lec.—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. M., 
August 1st, 1892; six specimens, attracted to light of camp fire at 
night Flagstaff, Arizona, July 3rd, 1892; one. * 

Polyphylla tro-lineata, Say.—Flagstaff, Arizona. A 1 Ranch, 
Arizona Cattle Co., July 15th, 1892; one. Attracted to light in 
evening. A gray-brown scarab, conspicuously striped with whitish. 

Plusiotis gloriosa, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); three. 

Cyclocephala immaculata, Oliv.—Las Cruces, N. M. Attracted 
in numbers to light in houses in evenings in summer, A pale coloured 
chafer, * 


46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ligyrus gibbosus, DeG.—Las Cruces, N. M. Attracted to light.* 


Ligyrus ruginasus, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 
Light yellowish-rufous’ in colour. 

Xyloryctes satyrus, Fab.—Grant Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); one @. 

Strategus julianus, Burm.—Grant Co., N. M. (W. J. H.); a 
pair, ¢ 9. 

Dynastes tityus, Linn.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one ¢. 
This species may be known by the lower or cephalic horn having 
two prongs at the end, and by the short stout spine at lower 
base of thoracic horn. Length to tip of horns, over 60 mm.; width, 
26 mm. 


Dynastes Grantit, Horn.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one 
¢. But slightly smaller than D. ¢étyws, the lower or cephalic horn 
shorter and simple at end, and no spine at base of thoracic horn, 

Allorhina mutabilis, Gory—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); Las 
Cruces, N. M. In some specimens the green is restricted to the 
inner basal portion of each elytron. 


Gymnetis, sp.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. A soft 
black cetoniid, with hardly a greenish shade except below. 


Euphoria Kernit, Hald.—-Las Cruces, N. M., June 28th, 18gr. 
There are two forms of this species. Six were taken of the beauti- 
ful yellowish or flavous, and three of the blackish with creamy 
markings on elytra; all flying about over ground in sandy and bear 
spot near sheds at College. 


Euphoria inda, Linn.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 


Cremastochilus crinitus, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. Wholly brownish-black. 


Derobrachus geminatus, Vec.—Las Cruces, N. M. A female 
specimen taken is 83 mm. long by 26 mm. broad, This is a giant 
prionid. A male specimen was taken August 22nd, which was 54 
mm. long by 161% mm. broad. It is elongate, narrowed and shining 
brown. 


Prionus californicus, Mots. —Las Cruces, N. M. A female speci- 
men is 53 mm. long by 23 mm. broad. Antenne are not stout 
in this sex, Another female taken by W. J. Howard in Grant 
County (1882) is 4o mm. long by 17 mm. bréad. A male, with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Av 


heavy serrate antennz, was taken in Holbrook, Arizona, June 26th. 
Another male was taken by Mr. W. J. Howard, in Grant County. 
It measures 38 mm. long by 15 mm. broad. 


Criocephalus productus, Lec.—Cedar Ranch, Arizona, July 6th; 
one. Blackish in colour. 


Rhomaleum simplicicolle, Hald.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. 
H.); two. 

Dendrobias quadrimaculatus, Dup.—Las Cruces, N. M. The 
male has long clasp-like mandibles. But some males also occur which 
are smaller, and have smaller clasp-like mandibles. Two on Prosopis 
juliflora, June 25th, ¢ ¢, but taken separately. Seven on Spheralcea 
angustifolia, June 30th, one pair being 7m cottu. One on willow 
(Saézx), July 16th. 

Stenaspis verticalis, Serv.—Las Cruces, N. M., June 28th; one. 
On Prosopis julifora. This species differs from S. soditaria by the 
thorax being reddish or brownish-yellow. A specimea taken on same 
plant June. 29th, Las Cruces, N. M., has also the front half of elytra 
more or less reddish, like the thorax. 

Stenaspis solitaria, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M., June 28th, 18qr1. 
One of this very large, elongate, pure black longicorn on mesquite 
(P. juliflora). June 29th, 1891. Another on same plant.* 

Tragidion annulaium, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. The antenne are shorter and stouter than in TZ: /ulvipenne, 
and yellow on median portion, 

Tragidion fulvipenne, Say.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th; one. 
On plant No. 261, N. M. Agricultural College Herbarium, A _ black 
species, with elytra orange-yellow except at bases. 

Aethecerus latecinctus, Horn.—Mesilla, N. M, May 16th. On 
mesquite. Beaten frorn flowers of P. judiflora, three miles south of 
Mesilla. It much resembles a JVeoclytus. . 

Batyle suturalis, Say.—Las Cruces, N. M.; three.* 

Schizax senex, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., March 27th; one. On 
mesquite (P. juliflora); on a twig. 

Tylosis maculata, Lec.—Sabinal, N. M., August 7th. One speci- 
men having two black spots at base of each elytron, and a larger 
one near tip. One from Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H., 1882), 


48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOxCGIST. 


has the spot near tip of elytron very large, and also another inter- 
mediate one same size. Another from same source lacks the spot 
near tip; while still another lacks also the middle or intermediate 
spot, thus having only the two spots at base of each elytron. The 
species is orange-red, with head, antenne and legs black, and with 
five black spots on proscutum. 

Crossidius intermedius, Ulke.—Las Cruces, N. M. Common on 
a yellow-flowering weed (.So/idago sp. ?). 

Stenosphenus debilis, Horn.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail; 
3,000-4,000 feet below rim. July rith, 1892; one. A small elon- 
gate blackish longicorn.* 

Neoclytus irroratus, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 
Rather stout, with rounded prothorax, and femora thickened apically ; 
soft brown in colour, faintly whitish on elytra. 

Rhagium lineatum, Oliv.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H., 1882); 
one. 

Acmaeops pratensis, Laich.—San Francisco Mt., Arizona, July 
isth, 1892; one. A small short lepturiqn, with pale yellowish elytra, 
having a dark vitta on each from shoulder to a point two-thirds 
of the way to tip.* 

Pachyta liturata, Kirby.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 
A rather broad lepturian, blackish in colour except elytra, which are 
pale yellowish, each with broad longitudinal brown vitta but little 
narrower than the elytron. 

Leptura propingua, Bland.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 
14th, 1892; one. An elongate black lepturian. Elytra straw-coloured, 
with one black spot in middle on outside, tips black, and a very 
faint black spot outside anteriorly.* . 

Leptura convexa, Lec.—San Francisco Mt., Arizona, July 15th, 
1892; one large and two smaller ones. Hart Little Spring, Arizona, 
July 14th; one.* 

Leptura aspera, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H). The 
number of this specimen was lost, but I am quite sure the locality 
is Grant County. It is a uniformly opaque black species. 

Monohammus titillator, Kab.—Flagstaff, Arizona, July 2nd; one. 

Tetraopes femoratus, Lec.—Seneca Ranch, Apache County, Arizona, 
June 25th, 1892; six specimens on a large broad-leaved Asclepias.* 
Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 


Coscinoptera axillaris, Lec.—Las Cruces, N.M.; one. This is a 
gray species with red on the outer base of elytra. 

Cryptocephalus leucometas, Suffr.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance 
trail. July rith, 1892; one. A yellow and rufous brown species.* 

Cryptocephalus, sp.—Las Cruces, N. M., May 16th, 1891. Three 
specimens, two 7m coitu, on growing stalks of a So/idago, three miles 
south of Mesilla. This is a species of a beautiful clear yellow colour. 
It could not be specifically determined either in Washington or 
Philadelphia, a specimen having been sent both to Dr. Riley and 
to Mr. Liebeck. 

Cryptocephalus, sp.—Hart Little Spring, Arizona, July 4th, 1892; 
one.” 

Chrysochus auratus, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. M., August roth ; two. 

Doryphora rubiginosa, Rog.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
three. A tawny species. 

Chrysomela dislocata, Rog.—Las Cruces, N. M., June 2gth to 
30th. On Sphaeralcea (Malvastrum) angustifolia. (See Insect Life, 
V., Pp. 39-)* 

Chrysomela serpentina, Rog.—Las Cruces, N. M. _ Last of June. 
On Sphaeralcea angustifolia.” 


Chrysomela sylvia, Stal.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); three. 


Diabrotica vittata, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. M., July 8th, 1891. 
In small numbers on squashes on College farm. Eddy, N. M., August 
m4th, 1891. From: ¥...E... Downs. 


Galeruca (Trirhabda?) nitidicollis, Lec.—Squaw Spring (south 
of Navajo Springs), Arizona, July 24th, 1892. A large number found 
on Guterresia microcephala, all adults. They were observed eating 
the leaves. Jn cottu at this date. 


Galeruca notata, Fab.—Belen, N. M., August 7th. In numbers 
on Helianthus annuus, eating the leaves. 

Oedionychis scalaris, Melsh.—-Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance 
trail, toward rim. July rath, 1892. Quite numerous on leaves of a 
bush. <A very active flea-beetle, straw-coloured with five black dots 
on each elytron.* ; 

Haltica obliterata, Lec.—-Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. 


50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Phyllotreta pusilla.—Santa Fé, N. M., May 25th, 1892. Received 
from Mr. J. R. DeMier, with report that they were very destructive 
to cabbages. A small dark greenish flea-beetle. 


Octotoma marginicollis, Horn.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance 
trail. July 1oth and r1th, 1892; four.* 


Chelymorpha phytophagica, Cr.—Las Cruces, N. M., June 2ath, 
1891. On Helianthus annuus. A fine large black and red species. 


Bruchus pauperculus, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M. 


Bruchus, sp.—Las Cruces, N. M. Bred from pods of tornillo 
(Prosopis pubescens). Pods were gathered in November, and the 
beetle issued in March following. Many more issued later. 


Lipitragus canaliculatus, Say.—La Vega de San José, N. M., 
August 4th; two. 


Cryptoglossa laevis, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.) Also 
Las Cruces, N. M. (See Insect Life, V., 39-40.) 


Microschatia morata, Horn.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. A stout tenebrionid, wholly light brownish in colour. 


Asida sordida, Lec—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); one. A 
blackish-brown tenebrionid, with rough elytra. Another specimen from 
same source is smaller and narrower, and constitutes a variety of 
this species. 


Asida obovata, Lec.—La Vega de San José, N. M., August 4th; 
one. A black ienebrionid, with the body widened behind. Also one 


from Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.), which differs in having the 
elytra rufous. 


\ 


Eusattus reticulatus, Say.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th; two. 
One from Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.) 


Eusattus muricatus, Lec.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th; one. 
Eleodes caudifera, ec.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th; two. 


Trogloderus costatus, \ec.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th; one. 
This is a blackish tenebrionid with grooved elytra. 


Hymenorus punctatissimus, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M., July 8th, 
1891. Found a good many larve, probably this species, in burrows 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . 51 


of Diatrea saccharalis in growing stalks of corn on College farm, 
the burrows containing dead chrysalids of the Diatrea. Adult beetles 
of this species were found in numbers with them in the burrows. 
July 16th, 1891. Large numbers of the beetles found in sheaths 
of sorghum infested with aphides, on College farm. 


Oxacis pallida, Lec_—Winslow, Arizona, July 19th to 2oth; two. 
Myodites scaber, Lec.—Chaves, N. M., August 6th, 1892; two.* 


Ophryastes tuberosus, Lec.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.), 
one. A chunky grayish weevil, with prothorax. warted on outer edges. 


Eupagoderes decipiens, Lec.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. 
July rith, 1892; one.* 


Eupagoderes desertus, Horn.—Winslow, Arizona, June 29th, 1892. 
A pair zz coitu. The antenne of both were infested with a small 
red mite. Large whitish gray rhynchophor. On plant No. 2go, N. 
Mex. College Herbarium.* 


Cyphus lautus, Lec.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail, near 
rim of canon, July rath, 1892; one. A small grayish curculionid.* 


Otiorhynchid gen. et. sp. ?.-—-Continental Divide, Tenaja, N. M., 
August 2nd, 1892; one. 


Sttones californicus, Fah.—Las Cruces, N. M.; one. 


Anthonomus canus, Lec.—Apache Spring, Socorro County, N. 
M. A small grayish weevil. Bred from galls of Eurosta bigelovie 
on Ligelovia graveolens collected June 21st, 1892. (See Can. ENT.; 
1893, Pp. 52.) 


' TLychius setosus, Lec.—Las Cruces, N. M. A single specimen 
beaten from mesquite (P. juliflora), three miles south of Mesilla, 
May 16th, :8g1. This is a minute rhynchophor. 


Scyphophorus acupunctatus, Gyll—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. 
H.); one: 


| Rhodobaenus pustulosus, Gyll.—Grant County, N. M. (W. J. H.); 
one. Much resembles 73-punctatus. . Brick-reddish in colour. 


WN THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


ACRIDIUM AMERICANUM. 
In October last, Mr. G. C. Anderson, upon one of his visits to me, 
enquired what was the largest grasshopper of the country, as he had taken 
one which had attracted his attention on account of its size. I showed 
him what we had in the collection of our native species, when he remarked 
that it was larger and prettier than anything that was there. He said he 
would bring it up some time. When he did, I was surprised at the strik- 
ing difference in its appearance from anything I had ever observed. He 
said I might retain it, which I was very willing to do, and as I could not 
‘determine it, I spread its wings and waited till the time of our annual 
meeting, when Mr. Fletcher at once pronounced it to be Acridium Ameri- 
canum, and the first reported to be taken in Canada. In his Eighth 
Missouri Report, Prof. C. V. Riley (page 104) thus speaks of it: ‘‘It is 
our largest and most elegant locust, the prevailing colour being dark 
brown, with a broad pale yellowish line along the middle of the back 
when the wings are closed. ‘The rest of the body is marked with deep 
brown, verging to black, with pale reddish-brown, and with whitish or 
greenish-yellow ; the front wings being prettily mottled, the hind wings 
very faintly greenish with brown veins, and the hind shanks generally 
coral-red with black-tipped white spines. The species is quite variable in 
colour, size and marks, and several of the varieties have been described 
as distinct species.” In another place the Professor remarks: ‘‘It has 
a wide range, hibernates in the winged condition, and differs not only in 
size and habits from the Rocky Mountain locust, but entomologically is 
as widely separated from it as a sheep from a cow.” I would describe 
the front wings of the specimen before me as being light brown, semi- 
transparent and mottled with darker brown ; the hind wings as hyaline, 
extremely delicate in texture and beautifully reticulated with dark brown. 
It measures three and a-half inches in expanse of wing. This species has 
been reported as causing considerable damage at times on the south side 
of Lake Erie, from whence probably it has come to us. 
J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. 


*,* The Editor regrets to state that two of his letters to the printers of this Magazine have recently 
gone astray in the mails. They contained a paper by Mr. McGillivray on ‘‘ New Hampshire Ten- 
thredinidz,” the second part of Mr. C. F. Baker's ‘‘ Studies in Siphonaptera,” and a review by Prof. 
Webster of the last volume of Dr. McCook’s **Spiders and their Spinning Work.” ‘These articles were 
intended to have been published in the current number, 


Mailed February 4th. 


« = Ue Ganautiay pane: 


“VOL. XXVIL LONDON, MARCH, 1895. No. 3: 


DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF EPIP ASCHIINE 
AND PHYCITID. 
BY REV. GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
E,PIPASCHIINAE. 

Oneida luniferslla, vn. sp.—Tongue blackish with some _ light 
gray scales; labial palpi and face light gray; antennz_ biackish 
gray ; antennal projection light gray at base, becoming blackish gray 
towards summit; thorax gray, patagia lighter, becoming nearly white 
posteriorly ; abdomen gray with black scales intermixed, somewhat 
washed with fuscous, and often stained with yellowish. Fore wings 
light gray at base to raised scale ridge immediately before the 
first cross-line ; this line is white, rounded from costa to median 
vein, and thence to inner margin, edged on both sides with 
black and preceded by a scale ridge which is reddish brown in 
colour; middle field light gray, glistening, slightly powdered with 
blackish scales, this colour reaching to outer margin posterior to 
vein 5; near middle of field and between vein 1 and median vein 
a raised scale tuft, blackish. Outer line distinct at costa, whitish, 
becoming lost in the ground colour behind vein 5; this line is 
with a deep inward sinus from costa to about vein 5, forming a 
sort of lunule, which is edged on both sides with black ; the inner 
edging is broader posteriorly, and there somewhat washed with 
reddish ; the outer, broad, nearly filling the apical space, washed with 
reddish posteriorly; a marginal line of black dots. Hind wings 
glistening translucent whitish fuscous, with a faint yellowish stain. 
Beneath fore wings fuscous to outer line, that being fainter than 
above ; apical space reddish. Hind wings slightly more fuscous and 
duller than above. Expands 28 mm. 

Colorado. Six examples from Mr. David Bruce. 

Benta Slossonti, n. sp.—Expands 25 mm. Palpi and face dark 
fuscous ; antennz blackish fuscous ; thorax blackish, mixed somewhat 
with gray scales; abdomen dark fuscous, almost black, each seg- 


54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ment edged with lighter colour posteriorly. Fore wings, basal line 
not very distinct, dark gray, sinuous, strongly angulated at vein 1 ; 
basal field blackish, much mixed with gray scales, especially along 
costa, and slightly marked with reddish at middle at median vein ; 
middle field blackish gray, with three narrow black lines: the first 
edging basal line, the third limiting the field outwardly, this forming 
a sinus rounding inwardly within discal spot to base of veins 3 
and 4, then another less pronounced sinus to inner” margin, forming 
a prominent tooth at veins 3 and 4; the second line is slightly 
within and sub-parallel with the third; on the space between the 
first and second black lines are two oval black rings, one on cell 
and the other just below it, joined at each end with first and 
second cross-lines ; outside the basal field the colour is light gray, 
more or less mixed with black, the outer line whitish, indistinct, 
showing with the darker edgings almost straight across the wing; 
outer field blackish, with gray intermixed, giving indications, espe- 
cially apically, of a scalloped submarginal line, as well as one 
narrowly at margin. Hind wings, even fuscous blackish. Beneath 
all wings even dark fuscous, with a gray spot on fore wings along 
costa at beginning of outer line. 

South Florida. One specimen, a 2, from Mrs. Slosson, taken 
in early spring. The species is provisionally placed in the genus Benta. 


PHYCITIDA. 


Pyla metalicelila, n. sp.—Expands 32 mm. Palpi ascending, long, 
black ; head, thorax, abdomen and wings duil smoky black, without 
any indications of lines. The palpi on the outside, the face, the 
thorax and fore wings strongly iridescent with bronze green, this 
being specially marked on the patagia and base of wings; abdo- 
men somewhat bronzy; hind wings without iridescence. Beneath all 
parts blackish; the thorax, legs, fore wings and anterior margin of 
hind wings being strongly iridescent ; on the body this has a coppery tint. 


Colorado. One ¢, from Mr. Bruce. A most beautiful insect, 
with wings narrower and longer than P. seintid/ans, Grt., and with 
a much more decided iridescence. 

Pyla bistriatella, n. sp.—Expands 25 mm. Head, thorax and fore 
wings deep black, the fore wings with two broad white stripes, the inner 
straight, the outer slightly wavy and parallel with outer margin ; hind 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55 


wings and abdomen dull black. The head, thorax and fore wings are 
strongly iridescent with dark bluish-green, the abdomen less so. Beneath 
as above, but less iridescent. 

Yosemite Valley, Cala. One 2%. Differs somewhat in structure from 
the typical Py/a. The labial palpi are nearly horizontal, second member 
long, heavily scaled ; end member very small, scarcely visible ; maxillary 
palpi small, not scale or pencil tufted. 

Pyla incorruscella, n. sp.—Expands 21 mm. Palpi and face deep 
black; thorax deep black with a few dark gray scales; fore wings dull 
black, intermixed with some dark fuscous scales; two cross-lines of 
stained white, the inner oblique, rounded, diffuse, the outer angulated in 
at vein 6, rounded outwardly from there to vein 5, then slightly wavy to 
inner margin. Beneath dark fuscous, two lighter fuscous spots along 
costa, one before discal space and the other at end of second cross-line. 
No iridescence on any part of the insect. 

Colorado. One Z, from Mr. Bruce. Smaller than P. envee/a, without 
iridescence, maxillary palpi small, but scale tufted. 

Pyla eneela, n. sp.—Expands 25 mm. Labial palpi grayish fuscous 
below, blackish, with blue-green iridescence above ; face black, bluish 
iridescent ; thorax black, with coppery-bronze iridescence. Wings 
blackish in ¢, the fore wings with scattered iridescent sales on middle of 
wings, scarcely any showing along edges. @ fore wings blackish, almost 
completely greenish-yellow iridescent; hind wings black, with reddish- 
brown tint in some lights. Beneath blackish, slightly iridescent in ¢ 
along anterior margin of hind wings ; all parts completely iridescent in 9, 

Colorado. Oneg, two 2? 9, from Mr. Bruce. The labial palpi 
are ascending, long, end member long, maxiliary palpi small, with two or 
three long scales at end. Abdomen of ¢ with lateral scale tufts on last 
segment, and a row of orange-yellow hair tufts below. 9? with antenne 
bent above base, and a sligh tuft in sinus, almost as distinct as that of the 
2; maxillary palpi also quite as prominent as in ¢. ‘The sex is 
beyond question, as the ovipositor is strongly protruded. 

Dioryctria Brucei, n. sp.—Expands 24 to 28 mm. Palpi gray, 
black at tips ; head above whitish ; thorax gray, more whitish on dorsal 
parts ; abdomen alternating whitish and gray on each segment, very 
slightly washed with ochre. Fore wings whitish, more or less overlaid 
with blackish scales, giving a clear gray appearance ; cross-lines whitish, 
very irregular, not sharply outlined. The basal with a long outward 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


tooth below cell, a small inward one just below this ; also a blackish spot 
outwardly at costa, on cell, and towards inner margin, giving the relics of 
an outer marginal black line. Outer line with large, deep teeth inwardly, 
at cell, and below it, these coalescing with the inner line in a whitish 
streak ; between these, three even teeth outwardly ; submarginal line 
whitish, scalloped, or showing only in whitish dashes at end of veins ; 
margin with dark lunules between the veins. Hind wings ochre-fuscous, 
darkest at margins; beneath nearly colour of hind wings, the lines of fore 
wings faintly showing. 

There is some variation in the specimens; in some the cross-lines 
are less diffuse, the angles more even, and a double black discal spot 
apparent on fore wings. 

Colorado. Four ¢ 6,5 2 92, from Mr. Bruce. 

Epischnia incanella, n. sp.— Expands 30 mm, Palpi rough scaled, 
drooping, light gray, with dark scales intermixed ; tongue scarcely longer 
then palpi; head gray; thorax gray; abdomen light fuscous gray, 
washed with ochre. Fore wings grav, much overlaid with dark gray or 
blackish, more lightly along the costa, which thus shows in a light gray 
streak reaching to outer line ; inner line indistinct, broad costally, narrow 
and dentate towards inner margin, faintly marked with two or three black 
spots outwardly ; a black spot at centre of outer margin of cell; outer 
line very far towards outer margin, quite indistinct, but an outward 
rounding at middle, and a tooth inward near inner margin ; a tendency at 
margin to have the veins marked with black dashes. Hind wings light, 
with a fuscous shading. Underneath light fuscous, the fore wings some- 
what the darker, except on marginal space. 

Colorado. Two ¢ 9, from Mr. Bruce. 

Volusia pallidipennelia, n. sp.—Expands 20 mm. Palpi, head, thorax 
and abdomen light gray, with a slight fuscous washing, the tegule lighter, 
almost white, andthe abdomen more stained with fuscous. Fore wings 
whitish, sprinkled with black scales, giving a light gray appearance ; cross- 
lines indistinct, the basal consisting of a broad, dull reddish band, not 
reaching costa, edged each side with whitish, and this with broken 
blackish, not very distinct ; discal spot black, distinct ; outer line whitish, 
far out, sub-parallel with margin, slightly bent at middle. Hind wings 
light fuscous, darker at margins. Beneath light fuscous, the fore wings 
darker, especially towards apex, where the outer cross-line shows, 

Colorado, One ¢, from Mr. Bruce. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 


Pinipestis umbripennis, n. sp.—Expands 24 mm. Palpi black, a 
little grayish at tips ; head and thorax black ; abdomen blackish, a little 
lighter on each segment posteriorly. Fore wings mouse-black, slightly 
grayish across basal portion within scale ridge ; also a triangular, dark 
grayish space along costa on middle field, enclosing double black discal 
spots, and a faint grayish marginal shade. Basal line not apparent ; scale 
ridge strong, jet black ; outer line narrow, dark gray, bent inward at end 
of cell, then with three even teeth outward, then angled inward before 
reaching inner margin. Hind wings deep black, with a blackish-brown 
reflection. Beneath almost uniform dull somewhat glistening black. 


Colorado. One ¢, from Mr. Bruce. 


Salebria delectella, n. sp.—Expands 33 mm. Palpi thin, lightly 
scaled, gray ; thorax blackish-gray, with a subdorsal tuft of orange-yellow 
scales on each side; abdomen bDlackish-gray, and gray-ringed on each 
segment. Fore wings, general colour blackish-gray ; basal space, except 
along costa, dull reddish ; middle field, first half of ground colour, the outer 
half much lighter gray ; outer field, except towards costa, duil reddish ; 
discal spot a large white lunule, concave side outward ; basal line light 
gray, well out, waved, dentate ; outer line gray, somewhat indeterminate on 
borders, with a more prominent outward dentation at middle; marginal 
line black. Hind wings light translucent fuscous, with black marginal 
line, except along inner margin. Beneath, fore wings dark fuscous, the 
outer line faintly showing ; hind wings much as above. 


Colorado. Two @? 9, from Mr. Bruce. 


In general appearance somewhat resembling Salebria tarmitadis, 
which is now put by Mr. Ragonot under the genus JZyreaZa. This may 
also belong there, as the cell of the hind wings is very short. But as I 
have no male, the position of the insect is in doubt. The thoracic tufts 
are somewhat peculiar. 


Salebria georgiella, n. sp.— Expands 17 mm. Palpi fuscous gray, 
blackish in front, strong, heavily scaled, reaching above head ; maxillary 
palpi strongly pencil tufted, bright yellow ; antennz brownish fuscous, the 
scale tuft in bend very heavy ; head fuscous gray; thorax gray or bluish- 
gray ; abdomen ringed with ochre-fuscous and yellow ochre, somewhat 
tufted at end. Fore wings gray, washed with fuscous along costa, becoming 
clear gray posteriorly; a dull brick-red central dash at base, and a large 
dull brick-red spot within basal line posterior to centre and reaching 


58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


thence to inner margin, somewhat quadrate in form ; lines light gray, not 
well defined, the basal with an outer angle at middle and towards inner 
margin ; outer line rounded from costa to centre, then angled outwardly, 
then nearly straight to inner margin, all faintly serrate; discal spot distinct ; 
outer line edged both sides with darker fuscous. Hind wings ochre- 
fuscous, dark iridescent at apex. Beneath even dark fuscous, hind wings 
somewhat lighter than fore wings. 


Charlotte Harbor, Florida. One ¢, from Mrs. Slosson. 


CANADIAN COCCID. 
III. A LECANIUM, PERHAPS IDENTICAL WITH L. RUGOSUM, SIGNORET. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. MEX. AGR. EXP, STA. 


I have just received from Mr. James Fletcher a small bottle 
of scales found on plum at Queenston, Ontario. He writes con- 
cerning them: “Dead scales picked from a plum tree in the Niagara . 
district, where it was very abundant on plums and much rarer on 
peach trees growing amongst the plums.” 

Directly I saw these scales, they struck me as something unusual, 
and yet I rather expected they would prove to be some form of 
L. persice. Unfortunately they were full of the mycelium of a fungus 
(doubtless Cordyceps), as well as in some cases containing a Chalcidid 
parasite, so that their specific characters were very hard to make 
out. The fungus, which must be a very important check to their 
increase, was not noticed on examination with a lens; but on 
boiling the scales in liquor potasse, they stained the liquor brown, 
and a microscopic examination showed the fungus quite plainly. 
Of course, from mere mycelium no determination could be made. 
I saw in one case what looked like germinating spores, but perhaps 
in this [ was mistaken. 

Assuming that the scales were not fersice, I went through the 
descriptions to see what they would fit better. Lecanium rugosum, 
Sign., seemed the very thing, though comparison in detail revealed 
some differences. 

The following information on Lec. rugosum was translated from 
Signoret by my wife. [I transcribe it for the use of those who 
have not the original ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 


L. RUGOSUM, Signoret, 1873. 


“Among the species which are found on the peach-tree, there 
is one which is neither Z. persice nor L. rotundum, and which 
approaches more nearly to the latter than to the former. 

“TZ. rugosum is round, rather elevated and very rugose on the 
sides, where there is a strong punctuation more or less confluent, 
and between the points smooth spaces forming a kind of hills. It 
is of a dark brown; the antenne are of eight joints, of which the 
third, ‘mutique, is longer by itself than the five following ones, 
the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh of equal length. By the antennze 
alone, as well as by the shape, it is easy to distinguish Z. rugosum 
from the two other species; in jfersice the fourth joint is longer 
by itself than the three following, and in rugosum it is equal to 
the others; in votundum the fourth joint is equal to the third, and 
perhaps even longer; further, there are only seven joints to the 
antennez instead of eight. 

“We found this species on peach-trees in our garden, at 
Clamart. It is not very abundant. Its length is from 4 to 5 mm. 
by about the same width; height from 2 to 3 mm, 

‘““One other peculiarity we ought to point out in this species 
is the form of the posterior tarsi, which are as if flattened, wider 
than the tibiz and a third shorter. 

‘“The anterior tarsi are ordinary, but have a furrow on _ the 
internal face. The claws are very wide at the base; the digitules 
of the claws are long and unequal in size, the one forming a more 
extended ‘cornet’ than the other. The digitules of the tarsi are 
long and straight, inserted at a distance from one another. The 
tibie, in general, present four to five hairs at the summit, one 
longer than the rest; the femora have two at the summit, the 
_trochanters one very long one, the coxz two or three. 

‘““We have never met with the males, but have seen several 
white shells whence they had emerged. This shell is smooth in 
this species and rugose in rotundum.” 

So far Signoret. Now to return to the Queenston scales. We 
have here a scale differing from ordinary fersice in being almost 
round in outline, very dark, and especially very rugose. Surely, 
then, it is Signoret’s rwgosum? But, if at first this seems an inevi- 
table conclusion, it is rather contradicted by the microscopic char- 


60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


acters. I found, even after examining many " specimens, but one 
antenna; but this was clearly seen to be 7-jointed, not 8-jointed, 
as in rugosum and persice. I found no legs in position, but 
several fairly well-preserved ones broken from the bodies. These 
showed the long digitules, but I did not get a sight of the peculiar 
posterior tarsus. The following description gives the details I found: 


LECANIUM FROM QUEENSTON. 

9. Antenna 7-jointed, 3 longest, 4 a little shorter, 7 a little shorter 
than 4, 2 shorter than 4, 5 and 6 shortest and about equal. Formula 
approximately 34721 (56). ? 

Legs well-developed ; trochanter and coxa each with a hair ; femur 
rather slender, not very much longer than tibia ; tibia about one-third 
longer than tarsus. Tarsal digitules slender, very long. Digitules of 
claw also long, extending considerably beyond tip of claw, with quite 
Jarge knobs. Claw nearly straight. Derm with large gland-pits, often 
double. Anal plates with their caudolateral sides longer than the 
cephalolateral. 

Of species with 7-jointed antenne, there is Z. rotundum,; but this is 
out of the question, from its globose, nearly smooth scale. But how about 
L. juglandis (juglandifex ), with which I have identified a species sent 
by Dr. Lintner from Rochester, N. Y., on plum? The antenna of this 
Rochester insect is just like the antenna of the Queenston species ; in 
fact, the microscopical characters of these forms are so much alike as to 
strongly suggest their identity. Yet the scales seem decidedly different. 

Some one may here say, How about the Lecanium cerasifex, Fitch., 
1856? This was said to be hemispherical, nearly the size and shape of a 
half-pea, black, more or less mottled with pale dull yellow dots. I confess 
I do not know what this is, and look with some doubt on identifications 
of it from such a description as Fitch gave. Until some one has given us 
a better description from the type, I think ceraszfex must be put in the 
doubtful list. There is no good reason for supposing it identical with the 
Queenston scale. 

The solution of the question here raised must probably be left in the 
hands of one who can study the insect, in all its stages, on the spot. The 
following questions might be addressed to a suitable enquirer :— 

(1.) Z. rugosum, hitherto known from France, closely resembles our 
insect in outward form. Can the diversities in microscopic details 
be reconciled ? 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 


(2.) LZ. juglandis, from Rochester, N. Y., closely resembles our insect in 
microscopic characters. Can the diversities in outward form be 
reconciled ? 

(3.) Is it possibe that the parasitic fungus would so alter the scale in its 
growth as to make it seem like a different species ? 

(4.) Can the male scale be found, and if so, is it smooth or rough ? 

(5.) Can the Queenston people tell anything of the origin and spread of 
the scale? 

[Mr. Cockerell has more recently examined other material from 
Queenston, Ont., and also some from Geneva, N. Y., and is strongly of opin- 
ion that the species in both cases is the same as the Rochester (N. Y.) 
L. juglandis. The scales are shiny, red-brown; in both cases accom- 
panied by hibernating young.—J. F. | 


SOME NEW SPECIES OF ROBINSONIA. 
BY W. SCHAUS, TWICKENHAM, ENGLAND. 


Robinsonia Grotei, sp. nov.—Head white, posteriorly shaded with 
yellow. Collar white, with a central brown spot. Thorax brown, 
with a central white line; patagia white, laterally edged with brown. 
Abdomen dorsally brownish-yellow, with a subdorsal row of small 
white spots, and a lateral row of smail black spots ; underneath whitish. 
Primaries above white, with the margins broadly brown, except at 
the apex, where the white extends to the fringe; an oblique brown 
band, from the costal margin at a third from the base to the inner 
angle, separates the white into two large spaces. Secondaries white. 
Primaries underneath white, showing indistinctly the markings of the 
upper surface. 

Ex., 45-47 mm. 

Hab.—Rio Janeiro, Trinidad; Jalapa, Mexico. 

This species is very closely allied to Rodinsonia formuda, Grote, 
but differs in the straight brown margins which are sinuate in 2, 
Jormula. 

Robinsonia perfecta, Hy. Edw., is a synonym of Sallea ochro- 
sterna, Feld., and TZuruptiana obliqua, Walk., the last being the 
oldest name, and generically quite distinct from Rodinsonia, which 
is most closely allied to Ormetica, Clem. The genus Ormetica is 
congeneric with Lxzplesia, Feld., and will have priority over the 
latter. Ormetica sphingiformis, Clem., has been redescribed by Mr. 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Druce as Automolis inutata, which is placed by Kirby as a synonym 
of Chelonia teniata, Guér. I have not read Guérin’s description, 


but presuming Mr. Kirby is right, the species will stand as Ormetica 
teniata, Guer. 


Robinsonia fogra, sp. nov.—Head yellowish. Collar white. Thorax 
white, with some gray marks; patagia finely edged with gray. 
Abdomen above brownish yellow; some clusters of brown hairs to- 
wards the base ; a subdorsal row of white spots and a lateral row 
of black spots; underneath white. Primaries above white, the veins 
gray, the margins clouded with gray, and a terminal row of gray 
streaks between the veins; an indistinct and irregular outer gray 
line. Secondaries above whitish, clouded with gray along the margin; 
the fringe dark gray. Underneath, the wings are similar, but with 
less gray, and the white ground colour is slightly iridescent. 


Ex., 44 mm. 
Hab.—Aroa, Venezuela. 


Robinsonia Lefaivrei, sp. nov.—Head brown, minutely spotted 
with white. Collar brown, with four white spots. Thorax brownish; 
patagia white, edged with brown. Abdomen above brown, with a 
subdorsal orange line; underneath white. Primaries above white ; 
the costal margin broadly brownish yellow; the cell filled in with 
brown scales; the outer and inner margins broadly brown, the 
latter with a white streak about its centre; veins 2, 3, 4, 6 and 
7 brown, dividing the white portion into a series of spots, the 
largest being between the median and submedian veins, and beyond 
the cell between veins 4 and 6; the two apical spots the smallest 
and oval in shape. Secondaries above white, with a long brown 
streak from the base to the anal angle, and a shorter streak below 
vein 2, from the cell to the outer margin; the costal margin narrowly 
shaded with brown; underneath the same, with the markings less distinct. 


Ex., 44 mm. 
Hab.—Rio Janeiro. 
I am indebted for this species to Monsieur Paul Lefaivre, 


Chargé d’Affaires for France at Rio Janeiro. I have also seen a 
specimen in the collection of Mr. Neumoegen, of New York. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 65 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.--II. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 


Family Pudicide, Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 62. 
Table of Genera.* 


A. Eyes well developed ; antennz with circular incisions or cleft only on 
one side ; head and thorax usually stout and compact; head rarely 
angulated in front ; lower edge of head and pronotum behind some- 
times with combs, abdominal segments and discs of cheeks 
Without.) 02... SORE Mr Oi, be REL RR Dee Le 


AA. Eyes wanting, or very rudimentary ; antennz with circular incisions. 


B. Eyes entirely wanting ; head and thorax stout and compact ; head 
angulated in front, truncate; discs of cheeks, pronotum, and 
several abdominal segments with combs of numerous spines, the 
whole body heavily bristled. .................Mystrichopsylla. 


* The genus Stephanocircus, Skuse (Records of Austral. Mus., II., 5, Sydney, Sept.. 
1890), with its single species, Dasyurz, Skuse, parasitic on Dasyurus maculatus, Kerr., I 
do not include in this table. As characterized, it possesses a most extraordinary structure. 
Should further study verify all points of the description, this genus will form a very 
interesting addition to the family. It, however, seems probable that two species have 
been confused, and that both are referable to known genera. The description (for a 
copy of which I am indebted to Mr. Wm. J. Fox) is as follows :—‘* Stephanocircus, gen. 
nov. Body elongate, especially in the female, bristly, noticeably stronger at the anal 
extremity. Antennz capitate, four-jointed, the second joint in the female with long 
bristles extending to the tip of the fourth ; in the male very short ; fourth joint lamellar, 
apparently composed of nine segments, Head moderately large ; in the female with an 
exserted, cap-like patella in the front, strongly pectinated round its posterior margin, 
the face also strongly pectinated ; in the male the posterior margin of the head only 
pectinated ; eyes wanting in the female ; trophi less than the length of the head ; man- 
dibles extremely slender, minutely serrated, encased in four-jointed labial palpi, which 
they somewhat exceed in length ; lingua extremely slender ; maxille elongate, triangular, 
somewhat exceeding the second joint of the labial palpi, with no apparent apical joint ; 
maxillary palpi four-jointed, the first and fourth of about equal length, the third shorter 
and the second the longest, acuminate; joints of the labial palpi progressively diminish- 
ing in length and thickness. Prothorax in female with a strong pectinate fringe. Legs 
long, spinous ; cox of posterior two pairs with a distinct notch posteriorly at the apex ; 
femora very minutely and sparingly spined ; tarsi five jointed, the first, second and fifth 
joints long, the third shorter, the fourth shortest, half the length of the fifth; claws 
microscopically denticulate. 


** Stephanocircus dasyurt, sp. nov. Lengthof male, 1.90 mm.; of female, 2.80 mm. 
Castaneous brown, nitidous. Head of the male convex above, of female flat, Eyes of 
male small, black. Pectinal fringes and sete black or dark brown Thorax long, in 
the female nearly the length of the body. Abdomen about twice as long as broad in the 
male, shorter in the female, darker castaneous brown in the female, bristly Legs of a 


uniform pale castaneous brown. Habitat—New South Wales, on Dasyurus maculatus, 
Kerr,” 


64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BB. Eyes wanting, or very rudimentary ; head and thorax slender ; head 
usually long, rounded in front, vertex often more or less produced ; 
combs on head and pronotum, and sometimes on abdominal seg- 
ments, that on the head of not more than four spines on each 
SUAS asioreberaee se Gish a. 0 5 Lape WARS udeSRSERRNBEERS Wess. in base) ct La em ee 


Genus Pu/ex, Linn. 


1746. Linnzeus, Fauna Suecica. 

1832. Curtis, British Entom., IX., No. 417. (Ceratopsyllus.) 

1857. Kolenati, Wiener Entom., Monatsschrift, I., p. 65. (Mono- 
psyllus.) 

1863. Kolenati, Hor. Soc. Entom., Ross, II., p. 32, ete. (Trichop- 
sylla, Ctenonotus, Ctenophthalmus, Ctenopsyilus, Ceratopsyllus, and 


Ctenocephalus.) 
Table of Divisions. 


A. Head beneath and pronotum behind without combs of 


SPIE si. 2 keane ROR . Division I. 

AA. Head Deieatk Saree pronoRa behind: wah a cata 
of spines. #4 see Nt . Division II, 

AAA. Head beneath and. SEatiotuen ‘both sie cate oak 
SPINES Sr cece koe noe fee aeaBR ee a o/s os 2 te ania Bie) eee) Oa ee 


Division I.—Table of Species.* 


A. Head above sloping obliquely forward, angled in front ; segments of 
abdomen each with 5 to 6 transverse rows of bristles ; second 
joint of antennz without long bristles.............kerguelensis. 

AA. Head above and in front evenly rounded ; segments of abdomen 
each with r or 2 transverse rows of bristles. 

B. Segments of abdomen each with 2 transverse rows of bristles ; size 
large ; length: male, 3 mm.; female, 4mm.; head behind antennal 
groove with two rows of numerous long black bristles ; bristles on 
second antennal joint extending beyond end of third joint ; labial 


* Pulex tuberculaticeps, Bezzi (Bull. della‘Soc. Entomo., Ital., XXII., 1890, ** Notes 
on Some Epizoic Insects’’), belongs in Division 1, and is nearly related to P. globiceps. 
It was taken from Ursws arctos, and is characterized by the truncated and medially 
tuberculated front, the subequal first and fifth joints of posterior tarsi, the slightly greater 
size and other minor details. Its position would be between herguelensis and globiceps. 
I have been unable as yet to obtain specimens of fleas from bears in this country. _ It is, 
however, a well-known fact among hunters in the West that the grizzly and silver-tip are 
sometimes found ‘‘alive” with them. 


. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 


palpi 5-jointed ; meso-and-metathoracic pleura with numerous 
long black hairs; male claspers very large, sharp angled above 
PIOSUSTLON Waren age ates wis, aces aaa MMR NaN Seeman acans (ee ¥ Cage certs globiceps. 

BB. Segments of abdomen each with a single well-defined transverse row 
of bristles ; size smaller: male, 2—2.5 mm.; female, 2.5—4 mm. ; head 
behind antennal groove with very few scattering bristles ; bristles 
on second antennal joint shorter than third joint ; meso-and-meta- 
thoracic pleura with few scattering short hairs. 

C. Male claspers very small, slender and cylindrical ; tarsi slender ; of 
anterior tarsi, fifth joint as long as or shorter than 1 and 2 together, 
and as 2 and 3 together ; of middle tarsi, fifth joint three times 4 
or less, and less than 2; of posterior tarsi, fifth joint less than 3 
and 4 together, second three times 4 or more, much longer than 
5, and more than 3 and 4 together, while 1 is longer than 4 and 
5 together; internal penis support short, not spirally coiled 
towards the front; labial palpi 4-jointed ; pale brown in colour ; 
fensthes male, 2 mm; female "ais MMs. ee irs se. PReltaes: 

CC. Male claspers very large, half-oval; of anterior tarsi, fifth joint is 
longer than 1 and 2 together, and longer than 2 and 3 together ; 
of middle tarsi, fifth joint is three times 4 or more, andas long as 
2 or longer; of posterior tarsi, fifth joint as long as 3 and 4 together 
or longer, second less than three times 4, less than 5, and as long 
us 3 and 4 together or less, while 1 is longer than 5 ; internal 
penis support several times spirally coiled towards the front ; 
labial palpi 3-jointed ; colour varying between reddish and 
piceous ; length: male, 2—2.5 mm.; female, 2.75—-4 mm. 

D. Mandibles and hypopharynx very short, iot reaching one-half length 
of anterior coxee; joints of labial palpi robust, first joints longer 
than second, third longer than 1; maxillary palpi, with second joint 
in female shorter than 4; anterior lobe of exsertible portion of 
penis* with upper half as broad Soa as lower half just 
ADOVE DASC reins. .2s's <M ea sve . simulans, N. Sp. 

DD. Mandibles can ipapharine longer each more than one-half 
length of anterior coxze ; joints of labial palpi slender, first equals 3, 
second shorter ; maxillary palpi with second joint in female much 
longer than 4; anterior lobe of exsertible oe penis with 
upper half very narrow and cylindrical...... ........%r rritans. 


——7, 


*See Wagner, Hore. Soc. Ent., Ross. T., XXIIL, pl. X. , fig. 25, k, 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pulex kerguelensis, ‘Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 67. 


This is a very unique and well-marked species. Taschenberg gives 
the proportional lengths of tarsal joints as follows :—On anterior legs first 
equals 5; on middle legs second equals 5 and equals 3 and 4 together, 
first is somewhat longer ; on posterior legs first is a third longer than 2, 
3 and 4 together somewhat shorter than 2, and 5 a little longer than 3. 
Length of male is given as 2 mm., of female, 3 to 4.5mm. The four 
known examples were collected on the Kerguelen Islands by Mr. Eaton, 
from Pelecanoides urinatrix, Gmel , and sent to Ritsema for determination. 


Pulex globiceps, ‘Vschb. 
1840. Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. de Moscou, p. 170. (P. vulpes.) 


1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 66. (P. globiceps.) 

A large flea, well separated by its elongated body and proportionally 
very small head, standing between kerguelensis and irritans with its allies. 
Taschenberg says of the maxillary palpi: “ their thick joints of almost equal 
length.” However, in specimens received from him, the second joint in 
the female is less than three-fourths of the fourth in length. He further . 
says the antennal grooves are open, and the colour is darkish-brown, 
yellowish-gray posteriorly in mature females. The labial palpi in the 
specimens received from Dr. Taschenberg are certainly 5-jointed, the 
sutures between the several joints being equally distinct. In these speci- 
mens I find the comparative lengths of tarsal joints as follows:——In anterior 
legs the fifth joint is about as long as 1 and 2 together, and as long as 2 
and 3 together ; in middle legs the fifth joint is three times 4 and longer 
than 2; in posterior legs the fifth joint is shorter than 3 and 4 together, 
and about two-thirds of 1, while the second ‘is about twice 4 and 
less than 5. ‘The following records have been made of its occurrence: 
From Canis vulpes (Halle, Taschenberg, and Holland, Ritsema), from 
Meles taxus (Zool. Gardens at Rotterdam), from Cavs, sp. (Russia, 
Motschulsky). 

Pulex pallidus, Vaschb. 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Fluhe, p. 65. 

I have before me a large series of specimens sent to me as a new 
species by Dr. Taschenberg. They were taken on Jus albipes, in the 
Island of Socotra. They coincide in every respect with the original 
description and illustrations of pa//idus, and must be referred to that 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 


a 


species as it now stands. ‘he specimens from the Ber). Zool. Mus., 
described by Taschenberg, were found on Her-pestes ichneumon, in Egypt, 
The same or a nearly related Herfestes is found in Socotra, and as its 
habits resemble in many ways those of the d/ws, it is very easy to see 
how the same species of flea might occur on both. 

Pulex simulans, Nn. sp. ; 

Two specimens of this flea, taken from opossum ( Déidelphis 
virginiana), were sent to me by Mr. L. O. Howard, from the U. S. Dep. 
of Agriculture collection. Though distinct, yet it is very closely related 
to P. irritans, and might easily be confused with that species. 

Pulex irritans, Linn. 
1746. Linneeus, Faun. Suec. 2nd Ed., No. 1695. 


This nearly cosmopolitan flea I have received from Mr. S. C. Dun- 
dore, of Lakeside, Cala., and through Mr. L. O. Howard, from Azura, 
Cala., at both of which !ocalities it is common. 


(TO BE CONTINUED§) 


NOTES ON SOME REARED HYMENOPTERA, LARGELY 
PARASITIC, AND CHIEFLY FROM OHIO. 
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. 


Elachistus ohioensis (MS.), Ashmead.—Reared from pupz, in which 
stage it probably passes the winter ; found November 7th, within the 
shells of beech-nuts, the kernels of which had been attacked and eaten by 
some kind of larva which had burrowed out these kernels, leaving only a 
mass of excrement. A hole in the shells indicated an attack similar to 
that of some species of BaZaninus, though, as I found no larve of them, it 
was impossible to learn their exact nature. Locality, Wooster, Ohio. 

Cirrospilus flavicinctus, Riley.—This was described in Lintner’s 
First Report as being reared from Bucculatrix pomifoliedla, Clemens, in 
Missouri, and also New York. My rearings were from Aspidisca 
splendoriferella, Clem., the cocoons of which were collected near Cleve- 
land, Ohio. 

Aphidius chenopodiaphidis (MS.), Ashmead.—This was reared from 
an Aphid found on the leaves of Chenopodium album, Linn., collected in 
the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, June 2oth. 

Lsocratus vulgaris, Walker.—This and an undetermined Afanteles 
were reared with the species next following. 


68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, 


Lysiphlebus salicaphis, Fitch.—Reared August 24th from Aphid on 
Wahoo, Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq , near Wooster, Ohio. 

Pachyneuron aphidivora, Ashmead.—Reared from Aphid on leaves 
of Liriodendron tulipifera, \.inn., collected in Bernett Woods, Cincinnati, 
Ohio, June 2oth. . 

Rhaphitelus maculatus, Walker.—This was reared from Scolytus 
rugulosus, Ratz., burrowing in the trunks and larger limbs of fruit trees in 
Northern Ohio. 

Praon coloradensis, Ashmead.—Reared from an Aphid on Gladiolus, 
August 8. Locality, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Elasmus nigrescens, Ashmead..—Reared from cocoons on leaves 
received from Warren county, Southern Ohio. The leaves appeared to 
have been attacked by Fall Web-worm, though none of these caterpillars 
were present. Date of emerging, September 17. 

Eulophus tricladus, Prov.—Reared from mines of Z%scherta malifolt- 
ella, Clem., in leaves of apple, received from near Schenectady, N.Y. 

Segnipiesis nigrifemora, Ashmead.—Reared from the same host as 
the preceding species, and from the same locality, but from another lot 
of leaves. 

Microgaster xylinoides (MS.), Ashmead.—Found, dead, in fold of 
leaf of Linden ; Wooster, Ohio, October 15, 1894. The fold had been 
made by some leaf-folding larva, and extended along one of the lateral’ 
veins of the leaf. 

Habrocytus aulacis (MS.), Ashmead.—Reared from stems of Lactuca 
canadensis, Linn., collected near Lodi, Ohio, October 26, 1894. 

Spilochalcis torvina, Cresson.—This was reared from the rather con- 
spicuous cocoon, which is dingy-white banded with black. Have collected 
similar cocoons in Tensas Parish, Louisiana, and aiso in Indiana. These 
were from near Cleveland, Ohio. 

Rhodites spinosa, AsShmead.—( Described only from the galls.) Both 
sexes were reared from spiny galls on rose, growing along the edges of 
woods in Huron county, Ohio. Females emerged in the fields on May 
11, and the males followed within a few days. Collected and reared May, 


1894. 
Amblynotus towensis, Ashmead.—This was reared from a mass of 


grape leaves, affected by Phylloxera and collected along the shore of Lake 
Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio. From the same leaves a considerable num- 
ber of Hemerobius occidentalis, Fitch, were also reared. 

The determinations were made by Mr. W. H. Ashmead. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 


PALE TCOLE OP TE RAO FC AN ADA, 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


vil. THE HaLipLID® anp DyTIscIDH OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 

. The above-mentioned families of carnivorous water beetles are taken 
up here by request of the Editor and Committee, because of the great 
difficulty most students of Coleoptera, especially if they are beginners, 
find in identifying any of their captures in these groups, or even in sep- 
arating the species with approximate accuracy. It is to be feared that 
with many it will prove difficult to follow the tables herewith presented ; 
but they have been made as plain as circumstances will allow, and care 
has been taken to follow the best authorities in the selection of char- 
acters supposed to mark the respective species, so that by diligent atten- 
tion to details the user of the paper may hope to co-relate his collection 
with our lists. 

The HavipLip& which may be considered first, includes a small 
number of beetles casily recognized by the very convex body, narrowed 
and often pointed before and behind ; in colour yellowish, with numer- 
ous black spots on the thorax and elytra. The antenne are ten-jointed, 
situated on the front before the eyes, glabrous and filiform ; the legs are 
slender, not fitted for vigorous swimming, the hind coxee furnished with 
broad plates, contiguous internally, which conceal the posterior legs at 
their basal half, and from three to six ventral segments. These little 
creatures, which, from their peculiar spotted appearance, suggest aquatic 
lady-birds, may be found very commonly during the summer in ponds 
where plant life abounds, especially Algee. On account of their feeble 
swimming power they are easily captured by raking the mass of vegetable 
matter on to the bank, when the beetles, on crawling out to regain the 
water, may be secured. 

Only two genera are represented in Canada: AHad/ip/us, which has 
the elytral interstices punctate and the last joint of the palpi small, 
subulate, and Cvwemidotus, without interstitial elytral punctures, the 
terminal palpal joint conical, longer than the third. ‘The species are 
difficult to define ; the foltowing characters, hcwever, are those accepted 
as specific by Mr. Crotch, in his “ Revision.” 

; Ha.ipuus, Latr. 
A. Thorax without basal impression ; larger species. 
b. Head with bilobed black spot on the vertex; elytral strize not 
deeper at‘ base. (15 mujeole... 2...) ertbrartus, Lec. 


70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


bb. Head’unspotted; punctures of elytral strie finer towards apex. 
Thorax with black spot anteriorly (.13-.14 in.) . .¢rdopsis, Say. 


Thorax immaculate (.16 in.).. . fasciatus, Aubé, 
AA. Thorax with an impressed plica on pact ie near the base ; smaller 
species. 
Pale ochreous yellow; punctuation stronger, thoracic plica 
Shorter, T1=, 124m.) ¢.-3. ae cae eee . .rupficollis, DeG. 
Fulvous ; punctuation less strong, thoracic plica 
longer. (a sini)" Aa os eae cee sige visi 6 3 OPES PLUS GES 


CNEMIDOTUs, Er. 

Our two species are easily distinguished from those of 
flaliplus by the thorax being ornamented with two black 
basal spots Mr. Crotch unites under the name 72-punctatus 
(fig. 5) the two forms which have been separated on these 
characters ; 

Hind coxe with a prominent angle on the hind margin 
(tt ey ee roid eey fides e3 ..12-punctatus, Say. 
Fic. 5; Hind, coxe icon this aie ( & ER .. muticus, Lec. 
The next family, the Dyriscip™, is separated ith ease from the 
Haliplide by the following characters: the -body is usually much less - 
stout and convex and more obtuse at the ends; the antenne are eleven- 
jointed, usually filiform, though occasionally somewhat clavate or thick- 
ened ,at middle, inserted under the front behind the base of the man- 
dibles. The posterior coxe are large, reaching the sides of the body, but 
not covering the ventral segments. Legs natatorial, ciliate with long 
hairs. From the Carabide they may be known by the structure of the 
hind coxeze mentioned above, 
All the species are more or less strictly aquatic in habit, and are as 
a rule strong swimmers. They may be found in numbers in ponds and 
water courses, sometimes being seen under the ice after the approach of 
winter. At night they fly around and are often attracted by lights. Some 
of the more northern forms, especially of Agabus and Hydroporus, may 
be taken under wet moss, or beneath stones or boards which have been 
lying on the grass in marshy places. The sexual modifications in the 
family are very interesting, the males often possessing a peculiar modi- 
fication of the anterior (and less frequently the middle) tarsi, whereby 
the basal joints are dilated into a more or less cup-shaped surface, which is 
studded beneath with little stalked disks. The number of these disks in 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. fia 


connection with their arrangement and relative size, together with the 
extent and form of the dilatation of the tarsi, furnishes excellent characters 
for the separation of groups, and will be referred to again later. 

The larvee are aquatic and carnivorous, in form elongate, cylindrical 
or fusiform, the head large and flat, the antenne frontal, the mandibles 
falcate, suctorial. The legs are terminated by two claws, and the abdo- 
men lacks the tracheal branchiz seen in the Gyrimide. They remain in 
the water until full growth is attained, when they repair to some con- 
venient place under a board, stone or tuft of vegetation, where probably 
by the squirming motions of the body a cell is made in which the change 
to pupa takes place; the length of time spent in this latter stage must 
vary greatly in different broods and with the various species, but it was 
found to be ten or eleven days in the case of Dytzscus verticalis, of which 
a larva, taken at Bayfield, Wis., pupated on July 18th, the beetles appear- 
ing on the 28th. 


The Dytiscide do not offer that diversity of form, colour and sculp- 
ture presented by many of the families of terrestrial beetles, hence the selec- 
tion of easily seen, though superficial, points on which groups might be set 
apart has not been found practicable, and it has been considered wise 
to use in the main the structural differences proved useful by such workers 
as Drs. Sharp and Leconte in the primary divisions. Though the dis- 
crimination of the genera and species will sometimes be difficult for the 
beginner, it is hoped that at least in most cases a correct identification 
will be the reward of careful work with sufficient material. The two great 
divisions of the family, as defined by Dr. Sharp, are these:— 

1. Metathoracic episternum not reaching the middle 


coxal cavity (fig. 6¢@)........Dytisci fragmentati. 
2. Metathoracic episternum reaching the middle coxal 
cavity (fig °4@)ee i... --s-. Dytiscr complicatt, 


Of the accompanying cuts, fig. 6 @ represents a 
diagram of a portion of the under surface of Lac- 
cophilus, which belongs to the fragmentati, cc being 
the middle coxal cavity. It will be seen that the 
mesosternal epimeron (ms. epm.) articulates at its 
inner end with the metasternum (/7.), and thus cuts 
off the metasternal episternum (7. eps.) from the 
coxal cavity. In fig. 7 4, however, which is a dia- 
gram of similar parts of Co/ymbites of the complicati, the mesosternal 


Fic. 7. 


=I 
bk 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


——— awe = = == —— 


epimeron does not articulate with the metasternum, and thus allows the 
episternum of the latter to reach the cavity. These features are not, as a 
rule, difficult to make out from specimens, and form the basis of the 
modern classification of the family. Both figures, which are taken from 
Dr. Sharp’s memoir, are lettered alike, ms. being the mesosternum proper, 
ms. eps. its episternum and efzf. the epipleura. Of the Dytisci fragmen- 
tati only one genus is recorded in the Canadian list, 7. ¢.- 


LaccopuHi.us, Leach. 


This includes two species from the fauna under consideration, both 
of which are rather small, very active beetles of ovate form and pale 
colour, in which yellowish or testaceous predominates. They separate thus: 

Larger (.24 in.), head, thorax, legs and under surface testaceous ; 

elytra dark, with the margin and four submarginal spots (sub- 
humeral, median, post median and subapical) yellowish, also with 
three irregular yellowish basal marks and a_ narrow sutural 


HG hte Seite Oe DUG... eg oc oe Oe maculosus, Germ. 
Smaller (.20 in.), pale; elytra with the subhumeral mark of maculo- 
sas, the ‘othets confused’... 5oeeee + <.es ¢ 40 PORES ae 


The Dytisci complicati form the bulk of the Canadian fauna in this _ 
family, and may be conveniently divided into four tribes as follows, in 
order to avoid a long and complicatea synoptic table: 

A. Prosternum deflexed between the front coxe, front and middle tarsi 
four-jointed or apparently so, small species ........ Hydroporini. 
AA. Prosternum not deflexed ; tarsi distinctly five-jointed. 
b. Front tarsi of males with three* basal joints dilated, forming an 
oblong or elongate surface ........... -.2 ». Colymbetuar: 
bb. Front tarsi of males dilated so as to form a rounded or trian- 
angular disk. 

Posterior pairs of spiracles large, transverse; ¢ anterior 
tarsal disk rounded, the cupules of unequil size. Pos- 
terior tarsi with two ce ee claws except in 
PLY CGTICUS Shia os 3 : eae .. Dytiscini. 

Posterior pairs of aietiae sine anterior tarsi nag 6 forming 
a subtriangular disk having four rows of small, equal 
cupules. Hind tarsi with one claw or very unequal 
Cla wsiss's. SSE 2 Ltt a ea ao al See Cybistrini. 


—S SSS x 


*There are only two in Agadbinus, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. le 


———_. 


Of the above-mentioned tribes the Zydroporini contains nearly all of 
the small species, and can be treated only with considerable difficulty, 
as the genera are distinguished by structural characters not always evident 
without the destruction of a specimen. After some practice, however, 
the facies will be found a tolerably reliable guide. The genera may be 
known by these characters : : 

A. Small (.06 to .07 in). First ventral connate with hind coxe. 
HOLM ONMOEH -SOUUSE Sal... < + c'a's nee eer es ‘....Desmopachria. 
PormiOblone. G@epressed ... . «3 's.06 suas 


Moe, aia sas! a: «rll SILESSHLS'- 
AA. Larger (usually over .10 in.) First ventral free. 


| A STETELS Uc Si (2) 8 Pg Pe A Celina. 
bb. Scutel invisible. 
Elytral ligula* distinct, abrupt.................Celambres. 
Elytral ligula wanting. 
Mesosternum not attaining metasternum....... Deronectes. 
Mesosternai fork connected with the intercoxal process of 
themmetasternum. . 55. i... . cmeieey dels aiealns SLPOFOPOFUS: 


DESMOPACHRIA, Bab. 


D. convexa, Aubé, is a small species (.07 1in.), rounded and convex 
in form,and of a shining brownish-red colour without markings. The elytra 
are finely punctured, the clypeus with distinct margin. I find it here in 
small creeks or ditches through meadows. 


BIpDEssus, Sharp. 


Contains two small Canadian beetles of depressed, oblong form and 
brownish colour, sometimes with paler markings. The thorax and elytra 
have a common basal striola on each side. 

Nearly unicolorous, punctuation fine (.06 im.). ............ affints, Say. 
Brownish, elytra with paler shades and coarse punctures(.06 in.) /uscatus,Cr. 


CELINA, Aubé. 


The Canadian records give C. angustata, Aubé, as an inhabitant of 
the region, possibly in error, as the genus is charactetistically southern. 
It is a parallel, elongate insect of a brownish-red colour, the elytra darker, 
mucronate. The thorax is transverse, gently rounded on the sides, the 
disk with fine punctures, which become deep in front and on the sides 
near the base (.14 in.). 


*This is a tongue or raised process on the under surface of the elytra near the enter 
margin. They must be lifted to show it, , 


74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ca@LameBus, Thom. 


Several species belonging to this genus may be known by the pres- 
ence of a ligula on the inferior surface of the elytra near the extero- 
posterior angle ; it seems to render possible a more perfect fitting together 
of the elytra and the ventral segments and may easily be seen by raising 
the wing-case. In colour most of the Ce/améi are pale above with more 
or Jess distinct black markings. Beneath the body is convex, sometimes 
much so. 

A. Body beneath rufous, very convex. Head and thorax rufous, elytra 
brownish, or with distinct irregular pale markings (.12 to 
JRF AN, ace Sie a Sees any UR ee dia 2 ent sp ata oh RM PL a a 


AA. Body black beneath, less convex. 
b. Larger (.20 to .22 in), deeply or coarsely punctate. Colour 
variables) 22 0.2 i.e) ao... emepresopungatus ochalk: 
bb. Smaller (.11 to .17 in.). 
c. Thorax hardly narrower than elytra. Piceous; head, feet and 
thorax testaceous, the latter infuscate at base and apex (.11 
TO. AO SR GRA P: 5 a ee: 
cc. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra. 
Oval, convex, testaceous above, elytra with fine and coarser 
punctures intermixed (743° 1M!) ‘!.2.24 57.212) operdegs, ee. 


Longer, less convex, piceo-testaceous above. 
Thorax and elytra hardly infuscate (.15 in.) patruelis, Lec. 
Thorax infuscate at middle, elytra at apex (.17 in.) 
» nie so 6a MOLLUS, Ue, 
DERONECTES, Sharp. 
The two Deronectes recorded from the Canadian fauna are densely 
punctured, opaque pubescent insects. They separate thus : 


Oblong-ovate, legs, antenne and body beneath rufous, thorax with 
front margin, base and two large basal spots black, elytra with 
six or seven more or less interrupted and confluent vitte (.17 
Beets Pata. SI0 ae Meabe ea! NER Her tebe GL wwk'c dr Cad nny NCE Pan eee ea 


Elongate-ovate, black above and beneath, legs and antenne red, 


elytra _greenish-black, with or without many narrow, more or less 
confluent vitte (.18 in.)........... ....gréseostriatus, DeGeer. 


44 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 


Hyproporus, Clairv. 

A. large genus, difficult to deal with on account of the similarity of 
several of the species and of the difference in the sculpture, which shows 
itself occasionally in the two sexes. The annexed table of the Canadian 
species is in the main a translation of the necessary portions of Dr. 
Leconte’s arrangement of the genus in the Proc. Phil. Acad., 1855, with 
such changes in the names as will bring it into accord with our present lists: 
A‘. Oblong-elongate, glabrous, thorax with basal impressed striole, the 

whole base transversely depressed, sides forming an angle with the 
elytra. Clypeus not margined. Colour above ochreous, head with 
one, thorax with two fuscous marks, elytra each with six linear 
vittee and two submarginal spots fuscous (.17 in.) 
MNS alsiche O ag tee Nee alpinus, Payk., var. 72-dineatus, Lec. 
A’. Oblong-ovate, moderately convex, confusedly punctate, pubescent ; 
sides of thorax forming an angle with the elytra, hind angles rec- 
tangular, clypeus truncate, colour rufo-testaceous, elytra with black 
PASCIcee CT Trill Mees owe os A eee VAT EEUSs AUD, 
A*, Oblong, less convex, pubescent ; elytra strongly punctured, with two 
smooth narrow lines on each side, clypeus rounded ; above black, 
head and elytral fasciz testaceous (.13 in.)..strzatopunctatus, Mels. 
A‘. Oblong, usually obtuse in front; thorax not or hardly forming an 
angle with the elytra, which are without smooth lines. 


b. Pubescent ; thorax regularly evenly punc- 
tured. 


c. Clypeus rounded, broadly margined. 
Colour ferruginous, thorax blackish 
at base and apex, elytra with black 
fascie. 

Thorax finely margined = (.18 
UUs eee / 2 COMSLMPLEIS, URC 
Thorax broadly margined (.17 to 
.18 in.) (fig. 8). undulatus, Say. 
cc. Clypeus rounded, not margined. 
d. Colour ferruginous, elytra black, 
with yellowish spots or vitte. 
e. Elytral. spots forming transverse 
fascie, thorax blackish at base (.18 in.).spurzus, Lec, 


Fic. 8. 


76 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ee. Elytral spots linear, subconfluent. 
Thorax infuscate at base and apex (.18 in.) 
BD) Fad hele iS. ee bees sericeus, Lec. 
Phiovax not fusca (.o8 in.)..véttatipennis, G.&H. 
eee. Elytra black, margin and two vittee on each testaceous. 
Thorax dark at base and apex (.16 in.). vittatus, Lec. 
dd. Black or blackish above, sides of elytra often rufescent. 
f. Punctuation indistinct. 
Sides of prothorax oblique (.20 in.)..modestus, Aubé. 
Sides of prothorax rounded (.21 in.)...#otabilis, Lec. 
ff. Punctuation distinct (.16 in.).......+-2000. niger, Say. 
bb. Pubescent or glabrous; thorax unequally punctured, disk often 
nearly smooth. 
g. Thorax hardly margined at the sides. 
h. Sides of thorax not forming an angle with the elytra. 
More elongate, sub-parallel (.16 in.). americanus, Aubé. 
Broader, salle behind, more obtuse in front (.16 
ha Bae ae eM Sy .. dichrous, Melsh. 
More ovate, fame les ie ‘ 15in.).s¢gzatus, Mann. 
hh, Sides of thorax forming an obtuse angle with the elytra. 
Black, sparsely pubescent (.14 in.). . .cadiginosus, Lec. 
Pubescence wanting (.12 in.)..........¢véstis, Payk. 
gg. Thorax conspicuously margined at sides. 
Pubescent, black, feet rufo-piceous (.17 in.).temebrosus, Lec. 
Glabrous, rather broad, thorax very faintly ae 
elytra faintly punctatet(ara in.)))-/>.- stagnalis, G. & H 
Glabrous, still broader and shorter, thorax nearly Sesh 
elytra more paige and fag punctate (.14 
ID fe. Soa eee : ie ..oblitus, Aubé. 
bbb. Glabrous, doris eapealle Naneeres forrigitons elytra black 
with testaceous fasciz, thorax broadly infuscate at apex, body 
beneath piceous black (.14 in.)..  ........ concinnus, Lec. 
A®. Elongate, obconic, glabrous, elytra piceo- testaceous, coarsely punc- 
tate, clypeus rounded not emarginate, male antennz dila:ed at 


middle. 
Punctuation mixed, fine and coarser (.20 in.)..oblongus, Steph. 
Punctuation uniform (25 ame. =e ea difformis, Lec. 


A®. Sub-ovate, convex, finely pubescent, clypeus broadly emarginate at 
middle ; yellowish testaceous, finely punctured, elytra piceous 
with lateral spots (.09 in.).............+....+. mellitus, Lec. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 


NEW HAMPSHIRE TENTHREDINIDZ. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N.Y. 


The new species described below were contained in a collection of 
saw-flies recently received from Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, and were 
collected on Mount Washington and at Franconia, New Hampshire. The 
collection was of interest on account of the number of species it contained 
which are evidently related to a boreal fauna. 


Macrophya mixta, n. sp.— @ Black, with the following parts white: 
two spots on the clypeus, the labrum, a spot on each mandible, two spots 
on the occiput pseudocaudad of the ocelli, a narrow line on collar and 
tegulz, the anterior coxze at apex and a narrow line at side, the middle and 
posterior cox at apex, the trochanters, the distal halves of the anterior 
femora, the anterior tibiz beneath, the knees of the middle legs, the middle 
tibiz beneath, the posterior tibize with a band at middle, all the tarsi except 
the base of the first segment and the apices of the others, a large spot on the 
posterior coxze, two spots on the caudal margin of the basal plates, and a 
narrow margin on basal plates at side; costa and stigma black; lanceolate 
cell closed ; clypeus emarginate ; third segment of the antenne twice the 
length of the fourth; head coarsely punctured. Length, 8 mm. 


Habitat.—Mount Washington and Franconia, New Hampshire. 


This species is related to flavicoxe, Nort., but readily separated by 
having the posterior femora wholly black. 


Macrophya nidonea, n. sp.— J Black, with the following parts white : 
the clypeus, labrum, a spot on each mandible, the eighth and ninth seg- 
ments of the antenne, the collar, the scutellum, a narrow transverse band 
on the metathorax, the apices of all the cox, the trochanters, a spot on each 
of the posterior coxee, the basal third of the posterior femora, the posterior 
tarsi beyond the middle of the basal segment (their apices are fuscous), 
abdominal segments two to five above and below (the following segments 
are blackish-piceous), and a small dot near the apices of posterior tibize 
above ; first segment of the antennz but little longer than second, third 
and fourth subequal ; costa pale, stigma black ; lanceolate cell closed. 
Length, 8 mm. 


Habitat.— Franconia, New Hampshire. 


Near trisyllabus, Nort., but readily recognized by the almost wholly 
black posterior femora and tibiz. 


78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Macrophya Slossonia, n. sp.— 9 Black, with the following parts yellow- 
ish-white : the labrum, clypeus, the mandibles, a triangular spot beneath the 
antennz, a lunate spot beneath the eyes, a dot at the upper angle of the 
eye, a spot on the sides of the collar, the scutellum, a spot above the pos- 
terior coxe, all the tarsi, and the sides of the basal plates; the following 
parts are rufous: the three basal segments of the antennz within, antennal 
segments eight and nine, the tegule, the anterior coxe before, the anterior 
femora except a black line above, the anterior tibiz, the middle femora 
slightly at apex in front, the middle tibiz, the basal half of the posterior tibi, 
the costal margin of the wings, the stigma in front, and abdominal seg- 
ments three to five; third segment of the antenne about one-third longer 
than the fourth ; inner spur of anterior tibize bifid ; claws emarginate ; eyes 
strongly converging at base, not reaching the base of the mandibles ; 
clypeus deeply emarginate ; a fuscous dot in the second submarginal cell; 
lanceolate cell with a short, straight cross-nervure. Length, 9 mm. 

Habitat.—Franconia, New Hampshire. 


Dedicated to Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson. This is nearest bifasciata, 
Say, but has the posterior femora wholly black. 


Taxonus borealis, n. sp.— Black, with the following parts white: 
the clypeus, iabrum, the mandibles except at apex, coxze, trochanters, 
tegulz, the collar with a narrow margin, and venter except apical seg-. 
ment and the sheaths of the ovipositor; the following parts are rufous: 
abdominal segments two to five above except at sides where they are 
marked with a large round fuscous spot, occupying most of the side of 
each segment, the legs except the parts above named and the apices of the 
middle tibiz, the apex of the posterior femora, the apex of the posterior tibize 
and the posterior tarsi entirely ; the head shining black, polished; the 
lateral sinuses deep, reaching the back of the head; the clypeus deeply 
emarginate ; the labrum acutely rounded ; the antennez short and slender, 
the third segment twice the length of the fourth; the thorax and pleurz 
shining, polished ; wings hyaline, costa and stigma at base, white ; stigma 
black at apex; veins black; posterior wings with two middle cells. 
Length, 7 mm. 


Habitat.—Mt. Washington and Franconia, N. H. 
Tenthredo redimacula, n. sp.— ? Rufous, with the following parts 


black: a transverse spot at the ocelli, another just above the base of the 
antennze, connected each side by lines which extend from the vertical spot 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 


to the base of the clypeus in the lateral sinuses, thence along the base of 
the clypeus and the pseudorsal margin cf the mandibles to their pseudo- 
caudal side, the occiput, the prothorax except a small spot on the apex 
of the collar, a spot at the apex of the median lobe of the mesothorax, 
the side lobes entirely except a small portion at middle, the pectus, the 
pleurze except an oblique spot at middle, the sutures of the metathorax, 
the basal membrane, the caudal margin of the basal piates, abdominal 
segments one to three, the venter except at apex, the anterior coxe, the an- 
terior trochanters except beneath, the middle cox except beneath, the middle 
trochanters, the middle femora narrowly at apex and at base above con- 
nected by a fuscous line, the middle tibiee with a line above on apical 
half, the posterior coxe at base and apex, the posterior trochanters, the 
posterior femora and tibie with ‘a line at base and apex above, and the 
stigma except at base; the following parts yellow: the clypeus, labrum, 
the mandibles, a spot above the posterior coxe, the sides of the basal 
plates, the anterior femora and tibiz, and the middle and posterior tibize 
before ; the legs except parts named, reddish-yellow ; clypeus emarginate ; 
costa rufous, subcosta blick ; veins rufous ; third segment of the antenne 
twice the length of the fourth. Length, 12 mm. 
Habitat—Mount Washington, New Hampshire. 


This species is closely related to d@é/uta, Cress, 


Tenthredo nigricollis, Kirby. —- 2 Black, with the following parts 
white: the labrum, the clypeus, mandibles, segments six to nine of the 
antenne, a spot above the posterior coxe and a spot on the sides of the 
basal plates ; the four anterior tibiz and tarsi testaceous ; wings yellowish 
hyaline; nervures brown; costa yellowish, stigma black; collar black, 
Length, 12 mm. 


Habitat.—Hudson’s Bay Territory (Kirby), Mount Washington, New 
Hampshire. 


This species is related to grandis, Nort., and antennata, Kirby, but 
it has the collar black. 


Tenthredo basilaris, Prov.— 2 Black, with the following parts yel- 
lowish-white : the clypeus, labrum, the mandibles except apex, which are 
ferruginous, the cheeks, a dot at the summit of the eyes, the tegule, 
collar above, a spot above the posterior cox:e, the sides of the basal plates, 
the apical half of the anterior cox, the trochanters except a black spot 
above, and the anterior femora and tibiz in front; the following parts are 


80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


rufous, the basal segments of the antennz, the legs except the parts 
named, the base of the anterior cox, the middle and posterior cox, a 
spot at the base of the middle femora above, the apex of the posterior femora 
and tibia, and the abdomen except the basal plates ; clypeus emarginate ; 
the eyes strongly converging below; third segment of antenne about 
one-fourth longer than the fourth; stigma at base pale. Length, 12 mm. 


Habitat.—Franconia, New Hampshire. 


This species is nearest to ruficolor, Nort., but differs in having the 
apex of the posterior femora black above. 


Tenthredo frigida, n. sp.— ¢ Black, with the following parts yellowish- 
white: clypeus, labrum, the mandibles except tips which are rufous, 
cheeks, tegule, collar, a spot above anterior coxe, a line on pleure, a 
spot above posterior cox, a narrow margin to the sides of the basal 
plates, the prosternum, the pectus, the anterior coxe, the anterior 
trochanters, and femora except a black line above; remainder of legs 
rufous except a black line above on the middle femora and the pos- 
terior trochanters and a black spot at the base of the posterior femora 
above, and the apices of the segments of the posterior tarsi black ; 
the abdomen except the basal half of the first segment, rufous ; 
costa rufous, stigma black; veins black; clypeus emarginate; third seg- 
ment of the antenne one-third longer than fourth ; front deeply hollowed 
out between the eyes ; eyes strongly converging below. Length, to mm. 


Habitat. — Mount Washington, New: Hampshire (Mrs. Slosson) ; 
Olympia, Washington (Trevor Kincaid). 

This species is related to rude//a, Cress, but differs in having the 
four anterior femora with a black line above. 


Tenthredo pallicola, n. sp.— § Black, with the following parts yel- 
lowish-white: the labrum, clypeus, the mandibles, the cheeks as far as the 
middle of the eye, the front below the antennz, a narrow margin on the 
inner side of the eye as far as their posterior margin, the collar, tegulz, 
a broad oblique band on the pleure, the ventral margin of the pronotum, 
the posternum, the pectus at middle, a spot above the posterior coxe, al] 
the coxz and trochanters, the basal half of the anterior femora, and the 
middle and posterior femora at base; the following parts are rufous: the 
remainder of the anterior and middle femora, tibiz, and tarsi, the pos 
terior femora and tibie at middle, the apical segment of the posterior 
tarsi, and the abdomen beyond the basal plates, except the sheaths 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 


of the ovipositor which are black ; the apical third of the posterior femora, 
the extreme base and the apical third of the posterior tibiz, and the pos- 
terior tarsi entirely except the apical segment, black; antenne black ; 
the third segment twice the length of the fourth; the basal plates finely 
margined with fuscous white at sides ; the wings hyaline, the costa and 
base of the stigma rufous; veins brownish. Length, 11 mm. 


Habitat.— Mount Washington, New Hampshire. 


Readily separated from pad/icoxa, Prov., by wanting the black lines 
on anterior legs and in having the three basal abdominal segments rufous. 


Tenthredo barnstonii, Kirby.— ¢ Black, with the following parts 
white: clypeus, labrum, the mandibles except apex, palpi, the four anterior 
femora and tibiz in front, and a spot above the posterior coxe ; the 
inner spur of the anterior tibiz bifid; the following parts rufous: the 
apical segments of all the tarsi, and the abdomen, except the basal plates 
and the first segment ; the basal plates entirely and the first abdominal 
segment except a diamond-shaped rufous mark at middle, its long axis 
being transverse, black ; the four anterior tarsi are paler before but not 
nearly so light as the tibize and femora ; costa and stigma at base testaceous; 
clypeus emarginate; third segment of antenne twice the length of the 
fourth ; wings hyaline. Length, 9 mm. 

Habitat.—-Hundson’s Bay Territories (Kirby), Mount Washington, 
New Hampshire. 


This species is related to ¢rico/or, Nort., and occidentalis, Cress. 
From the former it is separated by having the middle femora pale 
beneath, and from the latter by having the abdomen black at base and 
rufous at apex. 


Tenthredo remota, n. sp.— @ Black, with the following parts yellow : 
the clypeus, labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the cheeks, the tegulz, 
collar, a curved mark above the anterior coxe, a spot above the posterior 
coxe, the basal membrane, the sides of the basal plates and their posterior 
margin very narrowly, the coxe at apex, the trochanters, except a black 
spot above, the anterior and middle femora and tibiz except a black line 
above, the anterior tarsi, the middle tarsi except fuscous spots on the 
apices of the segments, the posterior femora at base beneath slightly, and the 
apical segment of the posterior tarsi; abdominal segments one to three 
black, the remainder rufous; eyes strongly converging at base ; third seg- 
ment of the antenne abvut one-third longer than fourth; costa and 


82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


stigma black, paler at their juncture; marginal cross-nervure strongly 
bowed, received by the third submarginal cell at its apical two-thirds ; 
inner spur of the anterior tibiz with an oblique prolongation on the side. 
Length, 13 mm. 

Habitat.—Franconia, New Hampshire. 

Closely related to darnstonii, Kirby, from which it is separated by 
having the collar and tegule yellow. 


IN REPLY :TO:.MR.. HULST. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


Mr. Hulst has been at the pains of taking a sentence of mine as the 
text of a discourse as to the value of genitalic characters in classification, 
in the January number of the CanapiAN EntTomotocist. Whether this 
sentence will really bear the edifice Mr. Hulst has erected upon it, is a 
matter which hardly concerns me. Before either Mr. Smith or Mr. Hulst 
wrote, I had pointed out the value of the genitalia in generic groupings, 
in this following Lederer, as an accessory character. My opinion had 
been (but this is only an opinion) that morphologically the characters 
drawn from the male anal appendages were of similar value to those 
drawn from the antennez. I either did not hear, or had forgotten, Prof. 
Fernald’s unprinted paper on the classification of the Tortricide. As I 
took the greatest interest in Prof. Fernald’s studies, it is more than pro- 
bable I did nothearit. If the sub-family Prycitzne@ can be divided into two 
groups or tribes from a decided modification of the genitalia, I think there 
would be no objection to its use, except that the character is difficult of 
verification. I would ask Mr. Hulst how he comes to classify species, of 
which he only knows the female, with such certainty in his paper? But 
this and other questions as to Mr. Hulst’s classification are a matter for 
M. Ragonot to consider, and those who especially interest themselves in 
the study of the Prycitine. My sentence has another origin and meaning 
which I will illustrate. During a visit Mr. Smith paid me on Staten 
Island, he pointed out to me that the legs of our Catoca/e were differently 
spined in the different species. I had not observed this. Shortly after- 
wards we had a new paper by Mr. Hulst on Catvoca/a, illustrated by Mr, 
Smith, in which the species were strangely jumbled on the strength of this 
character. In fact, Mr. Hulst went so far as to count the number of 
spines on the joints to found his divisions. |Compare Bull. Brook. Ent. 
Soc., f11, and Vans 31-] In the American Naturalist will be found a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 


notice, by Dr. Packard, of this paper, which I almost lack the patience to 
discuss. Now, after the extended work of Mr. Smith upon the genitalia 
of the Noctuidz, comes Mr. Hulst with his genitalic sub-families of the 
Phycitine. This is what I meant by Mr. Hulst’s “ mission.” 

And now as to the Pyra/ide. ‘The student will find that, in pro- 
posing the group or sub-family Zpipaschiine (Epipaschie), in 1878, I 
gave a long comparison of the structure (always excepting the genitalia) 
on page 685 of the U. S. Geol. Survey, Vol. IV. Therefore, although I 
emphasize the character of the peculiar development of the male antenna, 
I did not then base my new group on this character alone, which Mr. 
Hulst now erroneously charges me with doing (p. 11). May I ask Mr. 
Hulst why, in his subsequent paper on this group in Ent. Am., he credited 
its creation to Lord Walsingham? I am glad to be able to refer to my 
paper of 1878, in which I, for the first time in America, gave full details 
with figures of the structure of genera of the Phycitine ( Phycide), always 
excepting the genitalia. On page 692, l.c., I define this group quite 
fully, and draw attention to the peculiar structure of the female frenulum, 
a character which I did not find mentioned by my predecessors. I gave 
abundant generic details, with figures of the neuration, which I recapitu- 
lated a little later in the American Entomologist. May I ask what Mr. 
Hulst means when he says of these papers that I made “no progress” ? 
In the pages of the Brooklyn Entomological publications will be found 
Prof. Fernald’s revision of Mr. Hulst’s synonyms in the Pyralide. To 
have redescribed Walker’s irrecognizable species is no reproach, but Mr. 
Hulst has even gone into other families for his ‘‘new species,” and Mr. 
Ragonot calls his method of deseri'n s —I think, correctly—haphazard.” 
As to this sort of work, I think I may repeat Mr. Hulst’s question: 
‘Ts it scientific ?” Had Mr. Hulst not repressed my work, and I think 
entirely misrepresented it on the Pycitine, giving my titles away to 
others, it is probable that I never would have penned my text to his 
sermon. And had his work in descriptive entomology been of a different 
nature, I should have had no legitimate doubt as to the value of his 
structural observations. 


84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


MUNCHAUSEN SUBSTANTIATED. 


On one occasion when that illustrious and veracious traveller, Baron 
Munchausen, was pursuing the enemy into the gate of a fortified town, the 
portcullis dropped and cut off the hinder part of his horse. Heated by the 
conflict and the routing of the enemy, he rode to a tank to give the faithful 
animal some water. The horse drank like the parched earth after a six- 
months’ drought, until the Baron finally looked around and saw the muti- 
lation, and found that as fast as the horse drank, the water ran out of his 
sliced-off body, and that his thirst would probably never be slaked. 

The universal verdict of the reading public for many years has placed 
Munchausen high upon the long list of writers whose tales are more inter- 
esting than true, and yet physiologists tell us that in the simple narrative 
which I have just briefed the Baron was one of the first to voice a great 
physiological fact. That is, that while thirst is felt in the mouth and 
throat, it is in reality a general craving of the whole system, and that no 
amount of water in the mouth alone will prevent an animal from dying of 
thirst. 

Now, as Munchausen was ahead of his generation as a physiologist, 
why should we not more patiently search in his works for other truths ? 
Just as we have our investigators and expert interpreters of hidden mean- 
ings in Shakespeare and Browning, and the Wagner music dramas, why 
should not societies be formed for the investigation and interpretation of 
Munchausen P 


All this, however, is theoretical and suggestive, and introductory to 
the statement that I know of a chain of facts which resemble Munchau- 
sen’s horse-decorpitation story, and briefly and without further plea, the 
facts are these: 


There is a genial little caterpillar which disports itself among the 
leaves of the Washington shade trees in the month of August, and which 
is known to its select circle of acquaintances as the fall web-worm. There 
is also an enterprising green bug of predatory instincts which is called the 
soldier-bug, and which, afflicted with as strong and persistent a thirst as that 
of a Kentucky colonel, seeks continually to assuage it by drinking the blood 
of the fall web-worm. In this gory pursuit, however, the soldier-bug has 
a strong rival in the wheel-bug, who, if the former is compared to the 
Kentucky colonel, must be likened for thirst to the Georgia Judge—the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 


Washington variety. The interests of these two cheerful creatures conflict. 
Their sanguinary occupations lead them to the same hunting-ground, and 
sometimes there are not worms enough to go round. 


On such an occasion as this a soldier-bug, awaking early with a bad 
headache anda tremendous desire for a cocktail, found a solitary web- 
worm, inserted his beak into the wriggling body, as one would puta straw 
into a brandy smash, and began to suck. At this moment a wheel-bug 
discovered the pair, and stuck his beak into the back of the soldier- bug; 
and also began to suck. 


There was the soldier-bug in precisely the situation of Munchausen’s 
horse. As fast as he sucked the blood of the caterpillar, it was sucked out 
of him by the wheel-bug. The observer’s sympathy for the web-worm was 
lost in admiration for the pluck of the soldier-bug and in sorrow for his 
predicament, until both admiration and sorrow were overcome by the bril- 
liant thought that in this observation was Munchausen substantiated. 


CIMEX. 


BOOK NOTICE. 


‘* AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNING-wORK.—A Natural History of 
the Orb-weaving Spiders of the United States, with Special Regard to 
their Industry and Habits: By Henry C, McCook, D. D., author 
and-.publisher, Philadelphia, Vols. I. to III., 1889-1894.” 


It is with pleasure that the nature-loving public congratulates Dr. 
McCook on the completion of his self-imposed-and heroic task,—not alone 
of five years’ duration, but more nearly of twenty-five. The author started 
out five years'ago to give to the world a work on spiders, and he has not 
only done this, but has also given us a model of patient, conscientious and 
unprejudiced labour that will stand as a monument to its author long after 
he has himself laid down his pen and passed to the unknown beyond; he 
has given to the observer in whatever department of natural science, 
a standard which he may well follow. Purity, both as to observa- 
tion and conclusion, is stamped on every page. It is as if he ‘had 
plunged his cup into the clear, cool mountain stream and handed 
us, direct, a refreshing draught of the crystal waters. He has evi- 
dently not studied spiders in his pulpit, but if there is any other place 
that he has visited, and whence he has not brought back some 


86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


original observation on these wonderful creatures, as portrayed ‘in his 
work, I do not now recall it. He has interested himself in their love 
affairs, and, though not officiating, has been present at their weddings ; 
has gone into the home of Madam Spider and told everything he saw 
there,—how she cares for her young with a tenderness that is almost 
human, and treats her poor husband in a manner decidedly the reverse ; 
how they secure their food and protect themselves and their young from 
their enemies ;—in short, he has gone into every phase of spider life and 
given us a simple record of all that he saw, at the same time not forgetting 
to call attention to the works of others, and give strict credit for all that 
they have done, a sure indication of honesty and sincerity of purpose. 
That the work is, to an extent, imperfect, and, perhaps, defective, the 
author does not hesitate to admit, but there is everywhere shown a com- 
mendable desire to reduce these defects to a minimum, and few could 
have done as well. Had the author chosen to consult his personal com- 
fort and financial interests, he would never nave undertaken the task, 
which, from first to last, was of necessity a labour of love, the financial 
loss being only compensated for by the thanks of his fellow-workers, and 
the knowledge that, with his pen and pencil, he has done more than have 
any others of his countrymen, to further our knowledge of this most inter- 
esti’, “roup of organisms. 

‘Lie first volume treats particularly of snares and nests ; the second 
volume considers the cocooning industry, maternal instincts and general 
habits ; the third volume contains six chapters of natural history descrip- 
tions, while the remaining and major portion is devoted to descriptions 
of the Orb-weaving fauna of the United States. ‘Fhe work contains over 
1,200 pages, illustrated by 853 uncoloured figures, drawn from life, and 
many of them being full-page illustrations; 40 lithographic plates, on 
which are engraved 913 figures, coloured by hand from nature, and a full 
page engraving of Prof. Hentz, the father of American Araneology. 

The work should find its way into every public and educational 
library, and especially the latter, while the individual who possesses him- 


self of a copy will treasure it carefully and part with it only of necessity. 
F, M. W. 


Mailed March 8th, 1895. 


| Ue al Bail 


“VOL. XXVIL LONDON, APRIL, 1895. No. 4. 


VARIATION IN NEMEOPHILA PETROSA AT LAGGAN IN 
WESTERN ALBERTA. 


BY THOMAS E. BEAN. 


At 5,000 feet altitude, in the vicinity of Laggan, Vemeophila petrosa 
flies during July. This is one of our commoner moths, and appears to 
be the only bombycid of common occurrence in the district. Although 
occasionally found near timber line, it is rare at that elevation. Under 
natural conditions only one flight occurs in the season, and larve from 
eggs of that flight hibernate principally at an early stage. In the house, 
with a warmer night temperature, larvee resultant from the July flight will 
go to imago late in October instead of hibernating. In the wild environ- 
ment, a second flight is prevented by the low night temperature. etrosa 
frequents moist banks, ditches, margins of old roads, and open ground 
well supplied with plants. A great majority of the individuals seen in 
flight are males, the disparity in relative number of males and females 
observed resulting from thé quieter disposition of the females. The 
males are very restless and readily take flight, thereby attracting observa- 
tion. The females, less demonstrative, fly but little and are seldom 
noticed. Males, the physiologists kindly inform us, are katabolic, and 
females anabolic; we may discover, unaided, that the terminology is 
diabolic. Results obtained by bringing to imago a large number of wild 
larve and pupe indicate that the females of /etrosa somewhat out- 
number the males. The larva is a general feeder, thriving on aster, 
strawberry, or grass, and extremely partial to the newly formed pupa of 
Nemeophila petrosa. 


The plate which this notice is intended to explain and supplement has 
been prepared under the skillful supervision of Mr. H. H. Lyman. 
Selection of specimens for the purpose proved a difficult matter, on 
account of the necessary limitation to a single plate of twenty figures. 
Complete illumination of the subject would require at least five plates. 
Were such ample resources of illustration available, three of the plates 
would serve to present effectively the principal sequence of pattern 


88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


evolution, by displaying a progressive series of minute gradations of 
pattern ; a fourth plate might be devoted to an accessory suite of 
specimens illustrating subordinate lines of variation; and on the final 
plate an interesting series of aberrant examples could be presented in an 
order suggestive of their systematic relationship. Five plates, so 
managed, would furnish a pictorial analysis of the pattern-building 
method of Petrosa more instructive than a laborious essay. 


Limited to twenty figures, I found it advisable to select a set of 
examples suitable for a merely synthetic plate, indicating the leading 
results of the pattern development rather than its progressive details. 
The plate contains figures of eleven Petrosa males, and seven females. 
A somewhat fuller series of variations could have been shown by figuring 
only males. By selecting partly females, however, a distinct advantage 
was gained, as I have inciuded four appropriate examples bred from one 
lot of eggs, and incidentally a direct proof is thereby supplied that the 
plate represents in its local specimens a single valid species. Numbers 1 
to g, inclusive, also 11 and 16, are males. Numbers 12, 13, 14, and 17 
to. 20, inclusive, are females. For comparison, two instances of MVemeo- 
phila plantaginis are included, numbers 1o and 15. The former is a 
male, form Hosp/ta, from northern Finland ; the latter a female, from the 
Amour region in eastern Siberia. 


My analysis of Petrosa is based on examination of 199 males and 160 
females. The series is as complete as can be desired, comprising all 
specialties and stages of pattern caught or bred during seven collecting 
seasons. ‘The entire material was first assorted in an order expressing 
the gradual modification of pattern, beginning with initial “ Scadderi,” 
and progressing to ultimate ‘“ Petrosa.” In order to estimate in numer- 
ical terms the prevailing tendency or present attitude of the moth as to 
pattern, the extended column of variation has been sectioned into 
separate masses, thus distributing into convenient sections the pattern- 
distance between the two extremes of variation. 

One hundred and seven flown males are first considered. Section 1 
contains 14 of these specimens, which, as to upper surface at least, are 
formal Scudderi. Fig. 1 of the plate differs from the specimens of section 
1 merely in having the light coloured spur (which extends from base of 
f. w. and is a rudiment of the longitudinal stripe of Petrosa) extended to 
greater length ; in other respects it is Scudder’. Fig. 7 has this basal 
spur as in Scudder. 


s 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 


Section 2 contains 16 intergrades very close to Scuddert. Some are 
like fig. x of the plate, some have the longitudinal stripe of f. w. pro- 
longed nearly to a junction with the oblique bar, a few have slightly 
developed light markings on hind wing. In several examples the 
oblique bar on f. w.is largely produced, and on basal side projects a 
branch backward toward the systematic point of junction with the longi- 
tudinal stripe, although this stripe is only developed to the extent of a 
short basal spur. In section 3 are 20 intergrades near to Scudderz, but 
having usually a well defined light pattern on h. w., as in figures 3 and 7 
of the plate. Section’ 4 comprises 7 very characteristic intergrades 
nearer to Scudderi than to FPetrosa. Fig. 5 stands for this section, and 
is nearer than the rest-of section 4 to the character shown in section 3. 
The other 6 specimens in section 4 appear to form a progression in 
pattern of h. w. away from fig. 5 in the direction of Petrosa (fig. 16). 
This progress, however, does not consist of sharply defined gradations 
like the h. w. pattern steps seen in figures 8 and 4, which figures so 
normally lead toward fig. 16. In the progression formea by: these 7 
specimens, the h. w. black area, extending in fig. 5 from the central white 
band to the base of the wing, becomes in the other specimens increasingly 
indefinite and finaily nebulous, as if the black were eliminated atom by 
atom without any definite pattern evolution. In the 7th term of this pro- 
gression, the h. w. is practically like that of fig. 2, except that the basai- 
part of the wing, in addition to the two black streaks seen in fig. 2, has 
also a slight haze of black scales. This 7th term, however, is not as to f. 
w. a typical Petrosa, for the longitudinal stripe is extremely tenuous at its 
end next the oblique bar. In the other 5 specimens the longitudinal 
stripe is scarcely more developed than in fig. 5 of the plate. Section 5 
has ro intergrades, very uniform, decidedly nearer to /etrosa than to 
Scudderi. ‘They come between fig. 11 and fig. 8, but nearer the latter. 
Section 6 is formal Pe/rosa, consisting of 41 specimens. Figures 2, 6 
and 16 exemplify this section, fig. 16 being the dominant local form. In 
section 6 variation is subordinate to a general equality or maturity of 
pattern. 


Sections 1, 2 and 3 are not in the slightest degree distinct in a 
systematic sense. ‘Together they number 50 individuals, constituting the 
form Scudderi with its inseparable variations. Section 4 agrees in 
system with the previous section, but between the two masses there is an 
appearance of discontinuity. In case fig. 5 and another specimen were 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


lacking, a rather broad gap between sections 4 and 3 would result. 
Even in that case, the systematic unity of pattern would remain evident. 
Section 5 accords entirely in system with section 6, yet it happens that 
actual intergrades between them are extremely scarce, so that these two 
bodies of variation are also nearly isolated from each other. The only 
intermediates between sections 5 and 6 are figures 8 and 4 and a single 
additional specimen ; all three are bred specimens—‘ missing links” are 
not always so easily obtained. 


Sections 5 and 4 are not visibly harmonic. Between them exists a 
break of continuity by lack of intergrades, and this break resembles a 
systematic partition, from the fact that the methods of pattern growth in 
the two series appear discordant. Although the séction 5 pattern is more 
like formal Petrosa than is the pattern of section 4, yet a higher stage of 
the method of section 4 reaches practically the Fefrosa pattern without 
in transit assuming the section 5 pattern, or so it seems. It is a fact that 
section 5 shows more plainly its alliance with sections 2 and 3 than with 
section 4, while section 4 more clearly manifests its alliance with section 
6 than with section 5. Yet sections 4 and 5 undoubtedly belong in the 
relative positions mentioned. Study of the males alone does not relieve 
this apparent discord. The males matured indoor from estray pupe, or 
from larve found wild and fed up, have not supplied any examples 
reconciling this lack of harmony. I have bred two considerable families 
from eggs, but it has singularly occurred in each instance that all the 
resulting males belong on the “ Petrosa” side of this gap. Figs. 11 and 
16 were from one lot of eggs, and although they are a good distance 
apart as to pattern advancement, yet they are plainly identical in method, 
fig. 11 being intergraded with fig. 16 by figs. 8 and 4, as also by section 
5 and by some other specimens. Study of the females supplies con- 
vincing evidence that this apparent lack of harmony at one point in the 
series of flown males is not due to a systematic partition. In the series 
of females no corresponding discord is found. Also, we have in figures 
12 and 17 direct evidence uniting the extremes of the general series. 
These two females were bred from the same lot of eggs which produced 
figs. 11 and 16. Fig. 12 is almost normal feftrosa.’ Fig. 17 may safely 
be considered a very moderate divergence from formal Scudderi. These 
two females efficiently unite the extreme terms of the series. ‘The lack 
of unity between sections 4 and 5 is due mainly to the fact that there is a 
meagerness of representation at that part of the series of males. The 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 


principal masses of individuals occur near the extremes of the pattern- 

distance, and the intermediate positioa is in comparison thinly occupied. 
) yi 

A divisive attitude is manifested. 


Additional to the flown males, my series contains 74 males matured 
in the house from estray pup or wild larvae, Of these, 13 are Scudder? ; 
Ir are intergrades very near Scudderi ; 15 are somewhat more divergent, 
yet pretty near to Scudderi. One is a stage agreeing with section 4 of 
the flown males ; 6 are nearer to Petrosa than to Scudderi, and intergrade 
closely with fig. 11 of the plate and with section 5 of the caught males, 5 
of them being intermediate between fig. 11 and section 5, and the other 
1 between section 5 and fig. 8 of the plate. Twenty-eighty are formal 
Petrosa. These 74, then, distribute as to pattern development in about 
the same numerical proportions as the caught males, and with a similarly 
feeble representation at the centre of the pattern-progress as compared 
with the extremes. 


The caught females are but 25, all told. Of females matured in the 
house from wild larve and estray pupe, there are rrt. ‘Total number 
of females, not including those bred from the egg, 136. Of these, 16 are 
Scudderi, 20 are intergrades very near Scudderi, 26 are more divergent, 
yet all pretty near to Scudderi ; 9 are of composite pattern, combining in 
the same individual a considerable degree of /etrosa character, as to 
some parts of the pattern, with a predominant Scwd@der7 tendency in other 
pattern elements ; 9 are well-balanced intermediates between Fefrosa and 
Scudderi ; 18 are gradations near to Petrosa; 38 are formal Pefrosa. 


The females display a pattern sequence more even and harmonic 
than that of the males, with less tendency to break into divisions by lack 
of intergrades, and more fully sustained in the central part of the chain 
of variation. At the same time, the females vary as extensively as the 
males, and they exhibit at least an equal amount of aberration and as 
great a degiee of inequality or oscillation in the progress of the several 
pattern constituents. 


All through the range of variation, in both sexes, it is conspicuously 
evident that Fefvosa is exceedingly unstable in regard to the relative 
development of the various elements of pattern. This is sufficiently 
illustrated in figures 3 and 5, also by figs. 9 and 11. The oblique bar of 
primary is the only element which approaches fixedness. The f. w. cell- 


92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


spot may be very small or very large, and may be isolated, joined to the 
oblique bar, or connected with the longitudinal stripe. The longitudinal 
stripe of f. w. is peculiarly vacillating. Sometimes it shows large develop- 
ment in an otherwise very dark wing, as seen in figs. 3 and g ; on the 
contrary, in some patterns it is but a mere basal spur, although the other 
light elements are highly conspicuous, as in fig. 5. 


In the summer of 1888 three families were bred from eggs. 
Progeny in family A. : 


Males.—5 formal Fetrosa, fig. 16 of the plate is one ofthem. One 
intergrade, somewhat nearer to Fetrosa than to Scudderi in the method 
of its pattern, but at least as near to Scwdderi as to Petrosa in degree of 
development of pattern ; this is fig. 1 of the plate. ; 


Females.—3 nearly formal Petrosa; fig. 12 is one. Ten intergrades, 
all nearer to Scudderi than to Feftrosa, of which the one nearest to 
Scudderi is fig. 17 of plate. 

Progeny in family B. : 


Males.—One, formal Fetrosa. Two, near fetrosa. Six, a little 
nearer to Fetrosa than to Scudderi, and all much alike. 


Females.—One, nearly formal etrosa. Seven, a little nearer to 
Scudderi than to Fetrosa, and all much alike. Three, nearly Scudderi. 


Family C.—Eggs from a female of extreme /efrvosa characters. 
Resulting progeny, 3 composite males, Scudder? as to hind wing, but 
with f. w. approximating Pefrosa nearly in equal degree to the f. w. of fig. 
11. Two of them are precisely the form “ Geometrica,” as figured in 
Plate 2, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., Vol. 4, 1865. The third specimen differs 
by having a single small white dot on each hind wing. 


A question has been raised whether Wemeophila plantaginis occurs 
in North America. At Laggan, Plantaginis is not found. The local 
fetrosa, throughout its immense range of variation, is at no point of its 
pattern-sequence coincident with Plantaginis. Of the ijatter I have com- 
pared a small but broadly geographical series. The typical Plantaginis 
from Saxony is a larger form than our moth of the Bow Valley, and is 
besides a far more gorgeous affair, with hind wing black and red in the 9, 
black and saffron in the {. The type form from polar Norway is 
smaller, but retains nearly the same pattern, and in my examples the 
colours are but little toned down. From northern Finland I have a pair; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 


representing still the typical form, but with the brilliancy of the colours 
greatly reduced ; these are smaller than most local Petrosa, and the ¢ is 
not more brightly coloured, but the ¢ has the tawny yellow ground of 
hind wing, never found here in male Petrosa. From Saxony, from polar 
Norway, and from northern Finland, I have the male form Aosf/ta, in 
which the saffron or tawny yellow ground of h. w. is replaced by white ; 
this form approaches the local ¢ /etrosa by a practical concord of 
colours. Fig. ro of the plate represents Hospita male from northern 
Finland. /fosfita is the nearest phase of P/antaginis to the Bow Valley 
‘Petrosa male. Fig. 15 represents my only Asian instance of 
Plantaginis, a @ from eastern Siberia, an example nearer of 
kin to the Laggan fefrosa 2? than any other /Plantaginis I have 
seen. One local female corresponds so closely to this Amour 
_Plantaginis that they are separable by a single character only. This final 
point of distinction is the apical element of the light pattern of primary, 
the light coloured marking near apex of f. w., exterior to the cblique bar. 
The apical element seems to be persistent in P/antaginis, but in the local 
Petrosa it is only occasionally seen, and even when present is in most 
cases rudimentary in degree. Fig. r4 illustrates an extreme development 
of Petrosa, in which the apical inscription is blended with the oblique 
bar. Even in extreme stages of the Pefrosa pattern the apical element is 
usually absent. It appears sometimes in intergrades very near to ‘ Sczud- 
deri.” Occurrence or lack of this character, and the degree of its develop- 
ment when present, appear not to be correlated to the degree of advance- 
ment of the general pattern. The extensive material before me strongly 
supports the view that Petrosa and Plantaginis are distinct species. 
Aside from the two P/antaginis figures, the plate represents a single 
species. This conclusion is derived from examination of the caught 
series, and independently proved in the families bred from eggs. 
Nore.—As the Entomological Society of Ontario supplied the plate, 
Mr. Bean generously presented the specimens from which it was made to 


the Society’s collection. 1s as i ee 


94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PREPTOS, TAMPHANA, AND AROTROS. 


In the February number of the Canapian Entomovocist, Mr. Dyar 
very justly complains of the inadequacy of my descriptions of the above 
genera in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, for 1892. 
Both Preptos and Tamphana belong to the Eupterotide. Preptos is 
most closely allied to the Eastern genus Tagora, Walk., and differs in the 
following particulars :—Primaries with veins 5 and 6 from upper angle of 
cell, discocellulars angled outwardly and then inwardly close below vein 
5; secondaries with discoceillulars very oblique. No allied forms of 
Preptos oropus have as yet been discovered in America, although the 
species has been redescribed as Zagora corax. Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc., 
London, 1893. 


Tamphana is allied to Tarchon, Druce and Apatelodes, Packard, but 
-the wing shape and lateral abdominal tufts distinguish the genus at once, 
and I shall give full details of the neuration in a paper I am preparing on 
Walker’s American types at Oxford. Arotros belongs to the Bombycide ; 
the neuration only differs from Bombyx, Hubn., in having vein 8 of the 
secondaries rise from the cell at a third of its length from the base, but 
the shape of the wings is quite different. In locating the above genera I 
follow the arrangement of Mr. Hampson, as Messrs. Neumoegen and Dyar 
place the Bombycidze under the group of families with a frenulum, . 
whereas Bombyx, the typical genus, has no frenulum. 


W. Scuaus, Twickenham, England. — 


THECLA ONTARIO, EDW. 


In a small collection of butterflies sent to me for identification, I find 
a good example of this very rare Hair-Streak, which was taken by Mr. 
William Metcalfe, of Toronto, at Grimsby, on 24th of June, 1894. This 
record is important, as it is the first one of an exact date and locality. 
Mr. Metcalfe states that the exact spot was along the Grand Trunk Rail- 
way track, near Grimsby Park, at the back of Mr. Harry Griffith’s farm. The 
specimen in question is a male in good condition, although slightly stained 
with cyanide on the upper side. The figure given by Mr. W. H. Edwards 
(in his Butt. N. America, I., pl. 2, Zhecla) represents this specimen 
admirably, although slightly larger. Mr. Metcalfe’s specimen expands 
22 mm., and has the orange spot on secondaries above only faintly 
indicated by a few rusty scales. J. FLETCHER. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 


ON THE TERM CYDOSIIN~. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 

In my check list, New York, May, 1882, I first proposed the col- 
lective term Cydosting, having for its sub-family type the well- 
known Cydosia nobilitella. 1 associated with it Penthetria, Hy. Ed., 
not from any study of this genus, unknown to me in nature, but 
merely on the strength of certain of Mr. Edwards’s remarks. This 
latter genus, under the name Zantura, Kirby, is now referred to the 
Lithostide by Neumoegen and l)yar, and probably correctly. I ex- 
cluded the genus QOefa, previously referred here, as I believed it 
to belong to the Zinerde, as indicated by Zeller. To this sub-family 
Cydosiine, Grote, the genus Cerathosia is also referred by Neumoegen 
and Dyar, following Smith’s more recent opinion. In 1882, I re- 
garded Cydosia, then, as the type of a sub-family of arctiiform 
Zygenide. In 1893, Dyar regards it as the type of a_ sub-family 
of zygeeniform Arctitde. This is the amount of the difference ; but, 
in any event, I may .point out that the term Cydosiine belongs to 
me. And I do not expect that the last word as to its family position 
has been said. In his Preliminary Catalogue, Can. Env, XxI., 169, 
Mr. Smith refers the genus Guwophaela to the Arctiine, p. 172. 
This genus, according to Neumoegen and Dyar, belongs to the er?- 
copide. The genera, previously regarded by me as arcttiform 
Zygenide, following Dr. Packard, under the term G/aucopes, are now 
divided into two families: Zygenide and Pericopide, excluding the 
Cydosiine. For the genera, referred by me to the Castnzares, the 
distinct family Agaristide is retained. This seems to be the amonnt 
of the difference. In any event,I point out the fact that, up to quite 
recently, Dr. Packard had not abandoned his view of the family solid- 
arity of his family Zygenide, and that this certainly was not the case 
in 1882; hence any criticism of my list, based on more recent discoveries, 
is totally irrelevant. On the contrary, my list offers a term Cydosiine, 
of which the most recent classification (1893-4) avails itself. Further, 
Mr. Smith refers, in 1889, Me/anchroia to the Arctiine. No one 
else, I believe, has ever placed it there, nor has it stayed there long. 
This placing of Guophaela and Melanchroia among the Arctiine might 
indeed provoke an unfriendly criticism, but a little reflection shows that 
all such mistakes are in due course corrected as we add to our 
knowledge of structure. Already in 1891 the two genera suddenly 


96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


disappear from the Arctiine, to appear in the Pericopide of the Phila- 
delphia List. In the next List to be published it seems likely that 
Melanchrota wiil submit, with similar celerity, to a third changement 
de place. 

As to the position of Cerathosia, Dr. Packard says: ‘ The oc- 
currence cf such [glandular] hairs in this genus [ Cerathosia] is interest- 
ing, from the fact that they have not yet been observed in the Arctians, 
to which this moth has been referred, nor in the MWoctwide, among which 
it should be placed, since no Arctians have, when hatched, smooth 
glandular hairs.” Proc. Bost. S. N., Hist , xxv., 109, 1890. The citation 
of this genus in a synoptic table does not of itseif constitute a proof that 
it is correctly classified. 


SOME NEW ATTID. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N.Y. 
Phidippus borealis, nov. sp. 


Length, 13. mm.; ceph., 4.2 mm. long, 3 mm. wide. Cephalothorax 
very dark brown, covered with black hairs, clypetis with white hairs, and 
some white scales on the lower sides; a bunch of stiff hairs behind the 
eyes of second row ; mandibles red-brown, iridescent greenish near tip ; 
sternum brown with black hairs. Abdomen black, a narrow basal line of 
white, and broad side stripes of white which do not quite reach to the tip; 
just beyond the middle the side stripes indent the central black area ; 
sides black and venter blackish; legs black, bases of metatarsi reddish. 
The cephalothorax is moderately high, narrower than in the allied species, 
the quadrangle wider behind, the anterior row much curved, the S. E. 
small and well separated from the M.E., the eyes of second row almost 
twice as near to the lateral as to the dorsal. The posterior metatarsi are 
more slender than usual, and spined only at tip. The region of the 
epigynum js nearly circular in outline, with a deep rounded excision 
behind, and two quite widely separated openings in the anterior portion. 
Two females; Crawford Notch, White Mts., N.H. (Mrs. Slosson). Differs 
from allied species (rufus, mystaceus) in the narrower cephalothorax, 
markings of abdomen, etc. 

Dendryphantes bifida, nov. sp. 


Length, ¢, 4mm.; ceph., 1.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide; ?, 4.2 to 5mm. 
long. Cephalothorax reddish, black around eyes, some long white hairs on 
clypeus ; mandibles red-brown ; sternum dark brown or black; legs yel- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 


lowish, femora mostly black in the male, anterior legs of female reddish, 
patelle and tibiz of other legs reddish or with red bands. Abdomen red- 
brown, in male with four black spots each side near tip, in female a black 
stripe each side with three pale spots, as in D. flavus, sometimes a pair of 
pale spots near base ; venter pale with three dark brown or black stripes. 
In structure similar to D. favus and D. montanus, but the mandibles are 
not enlarged as in those species, and the size is much smaller. The male 
palpus is similar to D. montanus, but with a smaller tibial hook, a smailer 
striate upper portion of bulb, and with a tube yet stouter and deeply bifid 
at tip. The epigynum has a triangular excision behind, and a deeply 
lunate dark patch in front. Several specimens ; Olympia, Washington 
(T. Kincaid). 


Attus dorsatus, nov. sp. 


Length, 3.5 mm.; ceph., 1.5 mm. long, .g5 mm. wide. Cephalo- 
thorax red brown, eye-region blackish, a narrow median light stripe 
extending from the dark of eye-region to the hind margin of the cephalo- 
thorax, also a light stripe each side from just below the dorsal eyes to the 
hind margin, a few whitish hairs around anterior eyes, abdomen above 
and below a uniform gray, sternum and legs brownish yellow, latter with 
ends of the joints darker, mandibles reddish. Cephalothorax but little 
shorter and narrower than the abdomen, barely wider behind the eye- 
region than in front, eye-region as wide behind as in front, eyes of second 
row a littie nearer dorsal than lateral eyes. Fourth pair of legs much the 
longest, first the next ; tibia IV. twice as long as III., anterior coxz sep- 
arated by more than width of lip ; metatarsi IV. spined throughout. The 
epigynum consists of a depressed area, broadly rounded in front and 
longer than broad, at the anterior end there are two square holes, and 
from them extend behind on each side a clavate body, enclosing between 
their tips two elongate holes. One specimen ; Southern California. 


Altus morosus, NOV. Sp. 


Length, 4.5 mm.; ceph., 2.1 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide. Eye-region 
blackish, thoracic part reddish, a median white line ; dorsum of abdomen 
brown, a pair of large black spots on anterior part, on the anterior edge 
of each is a small white dot, behind them there is a broad, triangular, 

transverse area of white with three brown chevrons, a large black spot 
"each side terminating the two posterior chevrons, behind them is a white 
band and a narrow black band just above the spinnerets ; sides lineated 


98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


with brown and white ; venter pale, with a large light brown spot ; sternum 
blackish, pale on the margins ; legs brownish, paler at tips, posterior pair 
indistinctly ringed. Cephalothorax as usual, quadrangle of eyes equally 
wide in front and behind, eyes of second row half-way between dorsal and 
lateral eyes. Fourth pair of legs much longer than third; anterior cox 
separated by more than width of lip ; metatarsi 1V. spined throughout. The 
epigynum consists of a circular depressed area, divided by a broad septum, 
much broader behind than in front, where on each side there is a small 
dark spot. One female ; Olympia, Washington (‘T’. Kincaid). 


Tcius obliguus, nov. sp. 

Length, 2.8 mm.; ceph., r.2 mm. long, .8 mm. wide. Cephalothorax 
yellowish-brown, eyes connected by a black band, extending behind and 
enclosing the dorsal eyes, a few of the radial furrows partly black, margin : 
black ; abdomen yellowish, a few brownish chevrons near the tip, sides 
with oblique blackish lines, venter suffused with black, two rows of yellow 
spots ; sternum yellowish, black on edge ; legs yellowish-brown, anterior 
pair stoutest and darkest, with a few black patches, palpi similar, mandi- 
bles yellowish, black near base. Sides of cephalothorax almost straight, 
slightly narrowed behind ; eye-region wider in front than behind ; eyes of 
second row about half-way between dorsal and lateral eyes. Anterior 
cox separated by more than width of lip; fourth pair of legs longest, 
third nearly as long as first; the three pairs of spines on tibia I. are very 
long, metatarsus IV. spined only at tip. The tibia of palpus has no pro- 
jection, the lower part of palpal organ is large, the upper portion is cut off 
from that below by a transverse furrow and is twice as wide as long; the 
tube is slender, but slightly curved and projects into a large circular cavity 
in the upper portion of the tarsus. One male and one young female ; 
Olympia, Washington (T. Kincaid). 


Tcius monticola, nov. sp. 


Length, 4mm. ¢. Cephalothorax red-brown, black on margin and 
in eye-region, clothed with white scales ; a median row of stiff bristles 
just above anterior eyes. Legs yellow-brown, the femora darker ; on 
posterior pairs a black ring at base of tibia, metartarsus and tarsus ; 
clothed with long black hairs and shorter white scales ; palpi red-brown, 
clothed with white scales ; sternum dark red-brown ; abdomen blackish 
(but somewhat discoloured), clothed above with white scales, and below 
with fine hairs. Cephalothorax moderately long, low and flat, broadest in 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 


middle, eye-region one and one-half times as wide as long, equally wide in 
front and behind ; the A. M. E. large, nearly touching, the eyes of second 
row a little nearer to A. S. E. than to dorsal eyes. Mandibles small and 
weak ; sternum narrow ; anterior cox separated by more than width of 
labium ; leg I. barely longer than leg IV.; femora, patella, and tibia 
enlarged ; metatarsus IV. spined only at tip. Palpi short, the tarsus 
truncate at tip, tibia with a short straight-pointed projection on outside, 
lower part of palpal organ very much swollen, almost pointed, upper part 
short, tube short, bent upon itself A male; near Livermore, Colo. 
(C. F. Baker.) 


Lcius minutus, NOv. sp. 


Length, 2.5 mm.; ceph., 1.1 mm. long, .75 wide. Cephalothorax 
red-brown, eye-region black, abdomen dark gray, with a few narrow light 
chevrons on the posterior part ; legs white, annulate with black, the femora 
partly suffused with fuscous, sternum dark gray, venter pale, a median and 
two broader lateral gray stripes, palpi white, distal joints a little enlarged, 
mandibles yellowish. Cephalothorax widest behind the middle, eye-region 
a trifle narrower behind than in front, legs short, fourth pair wanting, third 
as long as the first, second shorter, anterior coxz separated by more than 
width of labium. Abdomen one and one-half times as long as the cephalo- 
thorax. A quite prominent bristle arising from between anterior median 
eyes. The epigynum has, in the posterior portion, two very large 
contiguous circular depressions; and two very much smaller holes, 
slightly separated, in the anterior portion. One female; Olympia, Wash- 
ington (T. Kincaid). 


Leius floridanus, NOV. sp. 


Length, 3 mm. Cephalothorax dark yellow-brown, darker in eye- 
region, clothed with yellowish or golden scales, especially near eyes; 
mandibles yellowish ; sternum blackish. Legs pale yellowish with a black 
stripe on anterior and one on posterior sides of patella, tibia and meta- 
tarsus, anterior fernur blackish, rest of anterior leg reddish, with the usual 
black stripes. Abdomen black, with a-band of white scaies at base, above 
with dark, somewhat coppery scales, below with white hairs. Cephalo- 
thorax quite short and broad, sides but little rounded, low and nearly flat, 
eye-region nearly twice as wide as long, a little wider behind than in front; 
eyes of second row closer to lateral than to dorsal eyes. Mandibles quite 
large, with a black tooth behind fang ; sternum short, triangular ; anterior 


100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cox separated by width of lip; leg I. longest and stoutest, but not much 
longer than leg IV., metatarsus IV. spined only at tip. The palpus is 
long and slender, a short curved spine at tip of tibia, the tarsus fully twice 
as long as broad, palpal organ but little convex, divided transversely and 
the upper part bilobed, behind one of these lobes arises the long and 
slender tube, which curves toward the middle and extends into a furrow 
in the upper part of tarsus. One male from Punta Gorda, Florida (Mrs. 
A. T. Slosson). 


Lcius similis, NOV. sp. 


Length, 4.1 mm.; ceph., 1.6 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide. Cephalo- 
thorax with sides and thoracic part reddish, with a few white scales and a 
marginal stripe of white; eye-region black, posterior part iridescent ; 
clypeus with white hairs ; a ridge of white or yellowish hairs above the 
first row of eyes; mandibles, legs and sternum reddish, the latter darker 
than the other parts; the legs have a black stripe above and one on each 
side of patella, tibia and metatarsus ; the posterior metatarsi are almost 
wholly black. Abdomen black, covered with pale scales, not or but 
slightly iridescent. 


In structure and coloration this is similar to /. e/egans, Hentz, but 
the scales are not as iridescent, there is no pale line around the abdomen 
of the @,the legs are more reddish, the ¢ has no brush to tibia I., the . 
tube of palpus much stouter; the 2 is but little larger than the ¢. The 
epigynum has a small median rounded excision in the posterior margin ; 
and two oval holes, about their diameter apart, in front. Several speci- 
mens from Olympia, Washington, and from Ft. Collins, Colo. Prof. 
Emerton, in his N. Eng. Attide, mentions what is probably this species 
as a variety of Zctus elegans. 


Leius sexmaculatus, NOv. sp. 


Length, 3.5 mm.; ceph., 7.4 mm. long, .85 mm. wide. Thoracic 
part black, with some golden hairs on the anterior edge ; sides and thoracic 
part reddish, mandibles reddish brown; sternum yellowish ; dorsum of 
abdomen red-brown with blackish patches, and with six white spots, two 
transverse basal ones, two larger, median, more circular ones, and two 
small preapical ones ; beyond the middle pair a few indistinct pale chev- 
rons ; legs pale yellowish, anterior pair more reddish, especially femora 
and bands on patelle and tibie; palpi pale; sides of abdomen red-brown; 
venter pale, with a brown line each side. This species is similar to /. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 


Jineatus ; the cephalothorax is the same, though perhaps a trifle higher and 
the dorsal eyes slightly farther apart ; otherwise the structure is like that 
species. The tibia of the palpus has a short black spine at tip, the tarsus 
is much narrower than in /. Zézeatus and the palpal organ quite simple, 
the lower part is large and projecting, the upper part striate and with a 
short, stout apical tube ; there is on the outer side the outline of a curved 
tube pointing down toward the tibial spine. One male ; Washington, D.C. 
Saitis parvulus, nov. sp. 

Length, 3 mm.; ceph., 1.4 mm. long, r.o5 mm. wide. The eye- 
r2gion black ; the thoracic part reddish, with two black spots on tne pos- 
terior margin ; the palpi and first legs black, the second legs mostly black; 
other pairs yellowish, no black spots as in S. pudex ; the mandibles red- 
brown; the sternum yellowish-brown; the abdomen black above, 
with a broad white stripe, broadest at the middle, beginning 
just before the middle it contains five broad black chevrons ; 
venter yellowish, with a median black spot and_ two _ black 
stripes. Similar to S. pudex, but the cephalothorax is shorter and the 
eye-region is proportionately broader, the quadrangle being a little nar- 
rower behind ; the palpus is much smaller, the tibia has not the long, 
thin projection, nor a broad lobe below, but a moderate, curved black 
process ; the bulb of palpus has a swollen part not seen in S. pulex. 
One male from a deep and cold swamp near Ithaca, N. Y. 

Habrocestum borealis, nov. sp. 

Length, $.5 mm.; ceph., 3. mm. long, 2. mm. wide. Cephalothorax 
black, in a strong light the thoracic part showing slightly reddish ; the 
sides with white scales, which on the margin form a distinct white line ; 
above anterior row of eyes is a crest of long black hairs ; sternum black, 
sometimes pale in the centre ; cox mostly black, sometimes posterior 
ones pale at base; palpi black, except the tibia and tarsus, which are 
pale ; anterior pairs of legs mostly pale, with a few black patches on 
femora and tibiz ; posterior legs mostly black, the tarsi pale, and the 
patellie, tibiz and metatarsi are lineated with pale. The palpi have many 
white hairs or scales, and on the tarsi they are interspersed with long 
black hairs ; there are white scales on the black parts of the legs. The 
abdomen is jet black, sides white, above with a white basal band and a 
band crossing the dorsum just before the middle and curving to meet the 
white sides; just above the spinnerets is a pair of white dots, and in 
front of these a median white spot, sometimes elongate. The structure 


102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, 


is similar to the other species of the. genus ; there is a horny spot on the 
base of the abdomen. ‘The palpus is similar to H. cwcatum, but is not so 
broad ; the tibial projection is much longer and the tube is not so stout. 
There is no projection at the tip of patella III. Several males, from 
Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson). . 


flabrocestum clypeatum, nov. sp. 

Length, ¢, 4.7 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish in front, black on 
sides and a short median stripe from behind ; clothed with tawny scales ; 
a curved band of white scales just above first row of eyes, surrounding 
the eyes of second row and passing below the dorsal eyes and extending 
behind toward the posterior margin ; a stripe of white scales near each 
lower margin; clypeus black, a few white hairs in centre and on man- 
dibles, anda prominent elongate vertical spot of white scales under each, 
side eye. Leg I. black, except metatarsus and tarsus which are pure 
white, clothed with white scales, those under the tibia extremely long and 
pedicellate ; basal joints of leg II. blackish, with white scales ; legs III. 
and IV. brownish-yellow, femora blackish at base, with white scales and 
black hairs; sternum pale. Abdomen black above, a basal band of 
white and a white median stripe behind ; sides and venter pale, the latter 
with two black stripes. Of the usual structure. of the genus, leg III. 
simple. Palpus broad, much like that of H. agi/is, Bks. (auratum, Peck., 
not Hentz.), but the tibial projection is much stouter, and the long tube 
starts nearer to the tip of bulb. One male; Dixon’s Canon, Coio. (C. F. 
Baker). 

Lygoballus iridescens, NOV. sp. 

Length, 4.1 mm. ; ceph., 1.8 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide. Eye-region 
black, thoracic part reddish, both with whitish hairs and scales.’ Anterior 
femora black, black stripe above and on inner side of patella and tibia 
I., rest of legs pale yellowish, without any spots. Mandibles and mouth 
parts red-brown ; sternum black. Abdomen black, clothed above and on 
sides with iridescent scales and long hairs ; venter black, hairy, and with 
two indistinct rows of pale spots. Structure in general similar to Z. det¢znz, 
but the mandibles are not quite so large ; and the sternum is much broader, 
not narrowed in front, so that the anterior coxze, which are not as long as 
in Z. bettini, are more widely separated. The region of the epigynum is 
red-brown, and is semicircular in outline; showing four pale spots, two 
in front close together, and one in each posterior corner. Franconia, N. 
H. (Mrs. Annie T. Slosson). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 


SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GENUS PHORA. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGYON, D. C 


In Osten Sacken’s well-known Catalogue of Diptera ten species of 
Phora are credited to our fauna. Ofthese I have been unable to find 
any Phorid described by Fabricins under the name of a¢va. The author 
who first used this name appears to have been Meigen; in his Klass. 
Besch. Eur. Zwei. Insect (1804), this author describes a Z7ineura atra, 
but in his later work (Syst. Besch. Eur. Zwei. Insect, 1830) this name is 
relegated as a synonym of JZusca aterrima, Fabr. (Ent. Syst., 1798). In 
the recent revision of the Austrian Phoride, by Strobl (Wiener Ent. 
Zeitung, 1892, pp. 193-204), no mention is made of a Phora atra, Fabr. 
The reference in the Catalogue should therefore be credited to Meigen, 
and transferred as a synonym of Z7rineura aterrima, Fabr. 

Phora fuscipes, Macq., has been credited to our fauna by Walker, 
but from Macquart’s three-line description it is quite impossible to iden- 
tify the species, and the name should therefore disappear from our list. 
The form doubtfully referred to this species by Zetterstedt does not 
occur in our fauna so far as I am aware. 

Since the publication of the above mentioned Catalogue, descrip- 
tions of five supposed new species of Phora from our fauna have been 
published, viz.: azetze, Comstock (Cotton: Insects, 1879, pp. 208-211), 
and four other species by Prof. Aldrich, in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
Vol. xxiv., pages 142-146. Although I have not seen an undoubted type 
of Phora aletie, Comst., still there is every reason for believing that it is 
identical with the common Phora nigriceps, Loew. The described female 
was evidently immature, which would account for the darker markings 
on the abdomen mentioned in the description; in the male, however, it 


is stated that the ‘‘ dorsal portion of the abdomen is entirely blackish,” 
and this accords perfectly with the colouring of this part of the body in 
normally coloured specimens of zzgriceps. Moreover, this latter species 
has been repeatedly reared from larvae feeding upon the decomposing 
chrysalides of Aletia, thus having similar habits to the form described by 
Prof. Comstock. 

So far as at present known, the larve of all the different species of 
Phora feed upon animal or vegetable substances in a more or less state 
of decay. In Prof. Aldrich’s paper mentioned above the statement is 
made that several of the species were reared from Cimbex cocoons, 
but in a recent letter the author states his conviction that these cocoons 
contained only dead larve and pubs at the time arate were attacked by 
the Phorids. 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Four European species, not heretofore known to occur in our fauna, 
have recently been recognized by the writer, viz: femorata, Meig.,- 
interrupta, Zett., mordellaria, Fall., and fusciata, Fall. There are also 
four apparently undescribed species occuring in this country, and these 
will be found duly characterized below. Our species may be tabulated 
as follows : 

Second heavy vein of wings simple, not forked near the apex ; head and 
body black. | 

Frontal sete next the antennz pointing downwards; tibize 

destitute of sete on the outer side; palpi and _ halteres 

yellowish . 2.26 Be Le ieee aaa ee CO API a SS 


Frontal sete pointing upward ; front and hind tibiz each bear- 
ing one, the middle tibiz two set on the outer side near the 
base ; halteres black. 


Palpi and antenne black...............femorata, Meig. 
Palpi yellowish. : 
Antenne black.:......:.....:.....mordellaria, Fall. 
Antenne yellowish-red...............,clavata, Loew. 


Second heavy vein forked near the apex. 
Middle tibize each bearing two or three sete on the outer side near 
the base ; frontal setze pointing upward ; head and thorax black. 
Halteres, palpi and abdomen black; front tibiz each bearing a 
single seta on the outer side near the base. 


Hind tibiz each bearing a seta on the outer side near the base 
and three smaller ones before the tip........cémbicis, Ald. 


Hind tibiz destitute of sete on the outer side... pachyneuron, Loew. 
Halteres yellowish. 


Palpi and abdomen black, front and hind tibiz each bearing a single 
seta on the outer side near the base.... ....microcephala, Loew. 
Palpi yellowish. 


Hind tibiz each bearing seven, the front ones three setz on 
the outer side ; abdomen black.............spimipes, 0. sp. 
Hind tibize each bearing two, the front ones each one seta on 
the outer side near the base ; abdomen black.. Zugger?, Ald. 
Hind and front tibiz each bearing a single seta on the outer 
side near the base ; abdomen veivet-black, the bases of the 
segments partly or wholly yellow............venusta, N. Sp. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 


Hind tibiz destitute of stout sete on the outer side, the front 
ones each with three or four ; abdomen black, the apices of 
the segments sometimes narrowly yellow... .¢vcisuradis, Loew. 

Middle and other tibiz destitute of stout sete on the outer side, at most 
bearing short bristly hairs ; frontal setae. next the antenne pointing 
downward. 

Thorax, palpi and halteres yellowish. 

Head, antenne and dorsum of abdomen largely .or wholly 
black. . sg iiehs Omens. sneggricepss Taewe 

Head ihe antenne eeilowishs 

Abdomen yellow, a black fascia or pair of spots on 
the second and sometimes also on the third seg- 


ment. BD es 2 ee . fasciata, Fall. 
‘Aidoce Paella: te ‘ines a a acs near the hind 
margin of each segment, black.......... scalaris, Loew. 
Abdomen yellow, an interrupted biack fascia on the base 
of each segment.............. .....iterrupta, Zett. 
Thorax, head and abdomen black. 
Halteres black, palpi yellowish...................fungicola, n. sp. 
Halteres yellowish. 
Palpis blacks iaykwes wd. Moioun cena ment, Ald: 


Palpi yellowish. 

Tip of first heavy vein near the last fourth of the distance 
between the humeral cross-vein and the tip of the first 
branch of the second heavy vein; abdomen of male 
bristly. . fet art Oe Raper aie . .rufipes, Meig. 

Tip of first Peay vein ee midyay between the 
humeral cross-vein and the apex of the first branch of 
the second heavy vein; abdomen of male destitute of 
ie Pete Coat tcs aks, «ns hc Sua eee ea i wid  SSCRACED, VATE. 


Phora cornuta, Bigot, from Cuba, is too imperfectly described to 
admit of giving it a place in this table. 

Phora spinipes, 0. sp.—Black, sub-shining, the paipi, halteres, front 
and middle tibiz and a large portion of their femora, also the knees of the 
hind legs, yellowish ; all frontal sete pointing upward. Front tibiee each 
bearing three sete on the outer side of its basal three-fourths, middle 
tibie each bearing three sete in a curved row on the outer side of its 
basal half, hind tibize each with seven sete in an irregular row extending 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


nearly the entire length of the outer side. Wings hyaline, costal vein ex- 
tending three-fourths the length of the wing, ciliate with rather short. 
bristles ; second heavy vein forked near its apex, tip of first heavy vein 
slightly beyond the middle between the humeral cross-vein and apex of 
the first branch of the second heavy vein;' first slender vein curved 
near its base, then nearly straight, the cell in front of it scarcely wider 
than the narrowest part of the cell behind it; fourth slender vein distinct. 


Length, 4mm. Hartford, Conn. <A single specimen in my collection, 


taken April 30, 1893, by Mr. Stewart N. Dunning. 

Phora cocciphila, n. sp.—Black, sub-shining, the under side of the 
third antennal joint and the palpi, yellowish ; halteres whitish ; front 
legs, including the cox, light yellow, the others brown. The four 
frontal setee above the antenne pointing downward, the others upward. 
Tibiz destitute of stout sete on the outer side. Wings whitish hyaline, 
costal vein not extending to the middle of the wing; ciliate with very 
short bristles, second heavy vein simple, not forked near the tip, apex of 
first heavy vein near the last fifth of the distance between the humeral 
cross-vein and the tip of the second vein; first slender vein nearly 
straight, the cell in front of it nearly twice as wide as the narrowest part 
of the one behind it. Abdomen bare in both sexes. Length, .75 to 1.25 
mm. ‘Twenty-five specimens in the collection of the Department of 
Agriculture, bred in October and November, 1894, from larve infesting 
dead adults of /cerya purchasi, collected by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend at 
Magdalena, Victoria, and Tamaulipas, Mexico. 


Phora fungicola, n. sp.—Black, sub-shining, antenne and halteres © 


concolorous, the palpi and legs, including the front cox, yellowish. 
The four frontal sete above the antenne pointing downward, the others 
upward. Tibiz destitute of stout sete on the outer side. Wings 
hyaline, costal vein extending to the middle of the wing, ciliate with 
short bristles, second heavy vein forked near the apex, tip of the first 
heavy vein near the last third of the distance between the humeral cross- 
vein and apex of the first branch of the second vein, first slender vein: 
gently curved its whole length, the cell in front of it scarcely wider than 
the narrowest part of the one behind it. Abdomen bare in both sexes. 
Length, 1 to 1.5mm. Ten specimens in the collection of the Department 
of Agriculture, bred by T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 
from larve infesting a tree-fungus, Zrametes Pecki, which was inhabited 
by Coleopterous insects belonging to the genus Cvs. 


on ie ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 


Phora venusta, n. sp.—@ Head and thorax black, sub-shining ; 
antenne yellowish-brown ; palpi, halteres and legs, including the coxe, 
yellow. Abdomen opaque velvet-black, the broad bases of the second 
and sixth segments and a triangulac dorsal spot at the base of the third, 
fourth and fifth segments, yellow; venter also yellow. Frontal sete 
pointing upward. Front tibia on the outer side each bearing one, the 
middle tibiz with two stout sete near the base, hind tibiz destitute of 
setee on the outer side. Wings hyaline, costal vein extending to the 
middle of the wing, ciliate with minute bristles, second heavy vein forked 
near the apex, the tip of the first heavy vein near the last fourth of the 
distance between the humeral cross-vein and the tip of the first branch of 
the second vein ; first slender vein nearly straight, the cell in front of it 
sub-equal in width to the one behind it. Length, 1 mm. Boston, Mass., 
Sept., 1868. A single specimen in the National Museum. I am indebted 
to the Curator for the privilege of studying the fine series of specimens 
contained in the collection of that institution. 


PREPARATORY STAGES OF EUCLIDIA CUSPIDEA, Hupy. 
“BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, YOSEMITE, CAL, 


Fgg.—Pea-green colour; round, with deep longitudinal lines from 
the top to the bottom. Deposited in twos and threes up to as many as 
eight or nine at one laying before flying away. The eggs change next 
day to a mottled gray colour, resembling the dried plant stalks on which 
they are laid. ‘They are not deposited directly on the food plants, which 
are lupin and clover. ‘They hatch out in nine days. 

Larva, first stage.—A slender looper. Head quite large and bilobed. 
Light green from the head to the first segment back of the thoracic legs, 
which are six in number; thence dark green to the segment joining the 
four abdominal legs, lighter beneath ; remainder of body light green. 
Length, about 6 mm. - 

The second change escaped my notice, as the larve were always 
moving and must have taken buta short time to effect it; the whole 
surface of the body became concolorous and of a light green. On the 
twelfth day they were very quiet; fine white and black lines could be 
seen along the sides. After this they would raise themselves up, put their 
heads between the thoracical legs, then twist around, open their mouth 
parts as if in the act of biting or covering their bodies with a fluid ; 
suddenly they disappeared. Seven days afterwards I examined the leaves 
of the food »lants and found one curled up in a web; taking it for granted 
that it was prepared to hibernate, I put the jar away for the season. 

Subsequently I found that I was mistaken on this point, and that I 
had introduced with some clover a Hemipterous’ enemy which destroyed 
my larva. 


108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.--III. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 
Genus Pulex (continued. ) 
Division II. 


Mandibles short, not reaching ends of anterior coxz ; spines in pronotal 


comb, 14 to 26. Group 1. 
Mandibles long, reaching to or beyond ends of anterior cox ; spines in 
pronotal comb, 16 to 20. Group 2. 


TABLE OF SPECIES OF GROUP I. 


Spines.in pronotal’ comb, 14602. Fi wineries wee) ae ee 
Spines in pronotal comb, 24 to 26; hind femora with a row of minute 
bristles on side ; first two or three abdominal segments with minute 
teeth on disc above ; first claspers of male without short black teeth} 
bristles on second antennal joint shorter than third Tess length, 
3-3.5 mm.; colour dark brown ....... Lee Me avium. 
A. Aeaomind segments each with one row 66 iseiatteee eyes very large, 
longer than third antennal joint, the upper edge extending above 
middle of head ; bristle on second antennal joint reaching to end 
of or beyond third joint ; maxillary palpi with joint 2 shorter than 
4 in male, as long as 4 or longer in female ; head in female evenly 
rounded from occiput to mouth, in male flat on top, rounded in 
front; pronotal comb of 14 spines ; first two or three abdominal 
segments without minute teeth on disc above; in anterior tarsi 
joint 5 is as long or longer than 1 and 2 together and longer than 
3 and 4 together ; in middle tarsi joint 5 is three times 4 and as 
long as 2 or longer, while 2 is longer than 1 and as long or longer 
than 3 and 4 together; in posterior tarsi last three joints are very 
slender, 5 about equal to or shorter than 3 and 4 together, 2 equals 
three times 4, as long or longer than 5 and longer than 3 and 4 
together, while 1 is much longer than 5 and nearly three times as 
wide ; hind femora with a row of minute bristles on side ; colour 
dark brown; length: male, 2 mm.; female, 2.25-2.5 mm. g/acia/is. 
AA. Abdominal segments each with two rows of Bg spines in pro- 
notalconrm,-16' td 2038S at rere MELE Pec \4 
B. Hind femora with a row of minute sittatles on hase eyes small, near 
lower edge of head; antennal groove in Bye half of head ; 
anterior tarsi joint 5 is shorter than r and 2 together and a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 


than 2 and 3 together, but as long or longer than 3 and 4 together; 
in middle tarsi joint 5 equals twice 4, equals or is slightly 
shorter than 2, which is shorter than 1 and shorter than 3 and 4 
together ; in posterior tarsi joint 2 is less than three times 4, much 
longer than 5, and nearly as long as 3 and 4 together.........F. 


BB. Hind femora without a row of minute bristles on the side ; eyes 
small, near lower edge of head ; antennal groove in anterior half 
of head ; maxillary palpi in female with joint 2 more than three- 
fourths of 4; head in female evenly rounded from occiput to 
mouth ; pronotal comb of 18 spines ; colour light brown, some- 
times darker dorsally. . Sey, : Aer GE mera OP 

‘C. Abdomen more convex shows than helgw si without teeth on discs 
of first two or three segments above ; bristles on second antennal 
joint shorter than third joint; bristles on abdomen as follows : 
first row on each side of dorsal segments with 4 or 5 bristles, second 
row with 6, ventral segments with 4 on each side ; in anterior tarsi 
joint 5 is longer than 3 and 4 together ; in middle tarsi joint 5 
equals twice 4 and equals 1; in posterior tarsi joint 5 equals 
two-thirds of 2, is less than twice 4, and equals 3, 2 is slightly 
less than 3 and 4 together, while 1 is more than twice 5 ; 
colour light brown ; length: female, 3 mm...... Wickham, n. sp. 


CC. Abdomen concave or very slightly convex above ; with minute teeth 
on discs of first two or three abdominal segments above.......D. 

D. Bristles on second antennal joint nearly as long as third joint; 
bristles on abdomen as follows: first row on each side of dorsal 
segments with 6 bristles, second row with 7, ventral segments with 

4 or 5 on each side ; in anterior tarsi joint 5 nearly as long as 3 

and 4 together ; in middle tarsi joint 5 is less than 1, about as long 

as 2 or shorter, and less than 3 and 4 together ; in posterior tarsi 

joint 5 equals two-thirds of 2, equals 3, and is less than twice 

4, 2 is less than three times 4, and 1 is more than twice 5; 


colour light brown ; length: female, 2.5-3 mm.... Gzd/etfez, n. sp. 
DD. Bristles of second antennal joint short; comparative lengths of tarsal 
joints not as above ....... SE See, ORE TG E. 


E. Male claspers unarmed ; head eifeahy frowaded’; Sieat! ae second 
rows of bristles on dorsum of abdominal segments each with 7 
bristles ; in anterior tarsi joint 5 equals 3 and 4 together; in 
middle tarsi joint 1 equals 2, equals 5, and equals 3 and 4 together; 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


in posterior tarsi joint 5 equals 2, equals twice 4, and equals 
one-half of 1; colour light brown; length: female, 2-2.5 mm.; male, 
3 OSIM, SPER lec «ss oS CORR tess Caleta nae ee rE ane 


EE. Male claspers armed with short black teeth ; head evenly rounded 
in female, flat above, rounded in front in male ; first row of bristles 
on each side of dorsum of abdominal segments with 5 bristles, 
second row with 6, ventral segments on each side with 3 or 4; 
in anterior tarsi joint 5 as long or longer than 3 and 4 together ; 
in middle tarsi joint 5 equals 1 or less, equals 2 or more, and 
equals 3 and 4 together or less ; on hind tarsi joint 5 equals two- 
thirds to three-fourths of 2, equals twice 4, and equals 3 or 
more, 2 is less than three times: 4, while 1 equals twice 5 or 
more ; light brown, more or less dark dorsally on abdomen; length: 
male, 1.75—2 mm.; female, 2.25-2.5 mm........Howardii, n. sp, 


F. Bristles on second antennal joint shorter than joint 3; maxillary palpi 
in male with joint 2 nearly as long as 4 ; head in male flat on top, 
rounded in front; pronotal comb of 1& spines; first two or three 
abdominal segments without minute teeth on discs above; first and 
second dorsal rows of bristles on segments of the abdomen each 
with about 7 bristles on either side, ventral rows with about 4 on 
either side; first claspers in male with long heavy bristles, but with- 
out short black teeth ; in posterior tarsi joint 5 about equals 3, 
while 1 is longer than 2, longer than 3 and 4 together and more 
than three and a-half times the length of 5; head, thorax 
and legs light brown, abdomen reddish brown; length: male, 
RC TOI) c'2 se oo soeicg ae ML alt ape crag om ths herbs os Bastin aes COLO ACEI tad sea 


FF. Bristles on second antennal joint longer than joint 3; eye very small, 
almost obsolete ; maxillary palpi in female with joint 2 as long as 
4; head in female evenly rounded from occiput to mouth ; pronotal 
comb of 20 spines ; first two or three abdominal segments with 
several short minute teeth on discs above ; bristles on abdomen as 
follows: first row on dorsum of each segment with 12 to 14 on 
either side, second row with 11 to 12 on either side, each ventral 
row with about 6 on either side; in posterior tarsi joint 5 is 
shorter than 3, 1 nearly as long as 2 and 3 together and less 
than 3 and 5 together; uniform light brown; length: female, 
215 WAM i alah ah iat Ra lcs CSR pen 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LLL 


Pulex avium, Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 70. 


This species has quite an appalling synonymy. Dr. ‘laschenberg 
records it from a great variety of birds, including the domestic fowl. I 
have four specimens from Dr. Taschenberg, taken on Sturnus vulgaris in 
Germany, and a single specimen taken at Ames, Iowa, by Prof. Herbert 
Osborn—the host not given. It is recorded in Bull. 30 of the Texas 
Exp. Sta. as “common; very troublesome last summer at Bryan, T’ex., on 
chickens.” This determination was undoubtedly an erroneous one, the 
record probably referring to Sarcopsylla gallinacea. 


Pulex glacialis, Tschb. 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 76. 

I have received specimens of this species from Mr. A. B. Cordley, 
who took them on ‘cotton-tail rabbit,’ near the Grand Canon, in 


Arizona. The type specimens were from Lepus glaciadis, “collected at the 
North Pole.” 


Pulex Wickhami, n. sp. 


This species differs very widely in general appearance from any other 
Pulex I have seen. The abdomen in the two females before me is some- 
what swollen and suddenly and strongly rounded back of the thorax. The 
swelling is not due to pregnancy, as the abdominal plates retain their 
normal relative position. My specimens are from Scturopterus volans, 
and were collected at Iowa City, Iowa, by Mr. H. F. Wickham. 


Pulex Gillettet, n. sp. 
Closely related to fascéatus, though readily separated from it. Prof. 


C. P. Gillette took three specimens from Red Squirrel (Scéurus cana- 
densis) at Portland, Mich. 


Pulex fasciatus, Bosc. 


1801. Bosc d’Antic, Bull. des Sci. par la Soc. Philomat. II., p. 156, 
No. 44. 
I have seen nothing among the specimens examined that I could 
refer to this species as it is described and figured by Taschenberg. It 
was originally described from J/yoxus nitela and Talpa europea. 
Kolenati found it on Cricetus frumentarius. ‘Taschenberg records it 
from Myoxus, Mus musculus, Mus decumans, and Canis lagopus, in 
Europe, and without giving host, from Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. 


112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pulex Howardit,n. sp. 


I have received specimens of this species as follows: On Red 
Squirrel, at Ithaca, N. Y., from Mr. R. H. Pettit ; on Squirrel, at Tallula 
Falls, Ga., from Mr. L.’O. Howard (No. 5435) ; on “Gray or Fox” 
Squirrel, and in nest of field mouse, at Lincoln, Nebraska, from Prof. 
Lawrence Bruner ; also several specimens from Prof. Herbert Osborn, at 
Ames, Lowa, the host not given. 

Pulex coloradensis, n. sp. 


The nearly parallel upper and lower borders of the abdomen in the © 
single male before me, give it a somewhat peculiar appearance. It was 
taken from Fremont’s Chickaree, at Georgetown, Colo, by Professor 
Lawrence Bruner. 

Pulex ignotus, n. sp. 

I have received two specimens of this species from Prof. Herbert 

Osborn, of Ames, Iowa. The host is not given. 


[TO BE CONTINUED.| 


MOUNTING INSECTS WITHOUT PRESSURE.* 
BY R. W. RENNIE, LONDON, ONTARIO. 


The mounting of insects (which are naturally semi-transparent) with- 
out pressure has always appeared to me to be a far more satisfactory 
method than the process so generally in use, viz., the soaking the specimen _ 
in liquor potassz until clear, and then pressing it flat between two glass. 
slips. The liquid partially, or wholly, destroys the internal organs, 
and the flattening process completes what the liquid failed to accomplish ; - 
that is, in so distorting the insect that the flattened skin on the slip but 
very remotely resembles the natural insect. 

In mounting without pressure, some kind of a cell is necessary, and 
it can be obtained in various materials, such as ebonite, hard rubber, 
brass, tin, etc., but my own experience with cells of any depth cemented 
to the slip has been anything but satisfactory, for very often a fall, or even 
a slight jar, will separate the cell from the glass slip. 

The cells that I use are the same that I described some three years 
ago at a meeting of this section, and up to the present time I have not 
found anything that answers all requirements so well, and yet is so easy 
to construct. 


* Read before the Microscopical Section of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. iTS 


For the benefit of those who were not present at that meeting, I will 
again describe the process of making : 

The material used is beeswax, with a small quantity of resin added 
to increase the hardness and to raise the melting point. ‘This mixture of 
beeswax and resin is kept heated almost to the boiling point; if the tem- 
perature falls much lower you will not be able to form a smooth cell. 
Place your slip on the turntable and set in rapid motion, then with a 
moderately thick brush apply a drop of the hot wax to the slip, which, 
being cold, cools the wax rapidly, rendering the cell visible at once ; apply 
the wax drop by drop until the cell is a little deeper than is required for 
your material ; allow it to cool thoroughly, and before removing from the 
turntable, take a sharp knife and trim it down to the proper thickness. 
You may also taper the outside of the cell towards the centre and the 
inside towards the circumference, leaving the base of your cell wider than 
the top, but always have your cell wide enough at the top, so that your 
cover glass will not come quite to the edge, leaving a small margin for 
the cement ; a shallow depression may also be turned in the top to receive 
the cover glass. This cell answers for such mounting media as Canada 
balsam, or any glycerine jelly ; but for media containing oil, it will be 
necessary to varnish the cell inside with some material that will not be 
acted upon by the mounting medium. ‘These cells answer for almost any 
kind of material, if treated in the manner described, but when the mount- 
ing medium is of a very thin or watery nature, it is advisable to slightly 
heat the slip after you have your cell made and before turning it down, 
in order to make a perfect contact between the wax and glass. 


For mounting transparent aquatic insects, take a cell of proper depth, 
transfer your insect to it with a small quantity of water, and add a drop of 
Pyroligneous acid ; as soon as the acid reaches the insect it dies at once ; 
place the cover glass in position, and after carefully absorbing any water 
that may have run over, cement down the cover. 


Semi-transparent insects should be placed in a solution of Carbolic 
acid and Turpentine (one part of the former to three of the latter) and 
ailowed to remain until clear. Ordinary crystallized Carbolic acid may be 
used in preparing this clearing solution, but I think the best results are 
obtained by using the C. P. acid ; the crystals of pure Carbolic acid are 
needle-shaped and colourless, while the ordinary commercial acid comes 
in white flaky crystals. The Turpentine will also require some attention, 
for, as ordinarily sold, it is hardly suitable for this purpose. 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Take one pint of Turpentine, and add to it about two ounces of 95% 
alcohol, shake thoroughly, and set aside until the liquids separate (the 
alcohol will be the upper liquid), remove the turpentine to another bottle 
(which should be quite clean), and add to it about one pint of distilled 
water, give another good shake, and set aside until separation takes place; 
the turpentine will now be on top; pour it off carefully, and add about one 
ounce of finely ground starch, and filter through paper; you will now have 
a pure and sparkling turpentine. The alcohol used need not be wasted, 
as it will do for cleaning slips, brushes, etc., also for burning. 

after vour insect has become clear in the carbolic acid and turpen-: 
tine solution, remove it to a cell of proper depth, and drain off superfluous 
solution, arrange the wings, legs, and antennee, add one or two drops of 
Canada balsam dissolved in turpentine, and apply the cover glass, remove 
any balsam that may have run over, and cement down the cover. If the 
directions given are carefully followed, you will have a mount that you 
can spend hours in examining, and one that will show better the internal 
organs, than can be done by following any other method of preparation 
with which Iam acquainted. In this method of preparing insects, for 
microscopical examination, as in a great many other processes, the longest 
part of the process is the description. 


BOOK NOTICES. 
Canadian Spiders, by J. H. Emerton. Transactions of the Connecticut 

Academy, Vol. 1x., July, 1894; 30 pp.; 4 plates. 

This interesting and valuable paper treats of spiders collected in 
various parts of Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence. The author states at the outset that the species differ little 
from those of the New England States. ‘‘Out of 61 species, from 
Labrador to Manitoba, 56 species live in New England ; and 27 out of 
48 species from the Rocky Mountains.” Of the latter, no less than 40 of 


the species mentioned were collected by Mr, Bean at Laggan, and of 
these sixteen are described as new to science. Mr. Tyrrell, of the 
Geological Survey of Canada, supplied other species from the Rocky 
Mountain region, Alberta Territory, and Ottawa, and other collectors 
from the various localities mentioned in the paper. The plates illustrat- 
ing the new species are admirably drawn by the author, the excellence 
of whose work in scientific illustration has long been well-known and 
highly appreciated. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 


Report of Observations of Injurious Insects and Common Farm Pests 
during the year 1894, with Methods of Prevention and Remedy. 
Eighteenth Report. By Eleanor A. Ormerod, F. R. Met. Soc., etc., 
etc., London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Limited, 
1895, pp. 122, lxil, plate. 


In this the author has given us another of her most excellent Annual 
Reports, if anything, better than those that have preceded it. There are 
29 species, besides the two groups, J ulide and Vespide, fully treated in 
the Report, which is illustrated by 45 figures and one excellent plate, the 
latter devoted to the Stem Eelworm, Z7p/enchus devastatrix, in connection 
with its recent discovery as injurious to hops. We congratulate the 
author on. being able to give us so much information on Eelworms, 
Warble Fly, and Carabid enemies of the strawberry. In fact, she has, 
throughout her Report, strictly adhered to the plan expressed in the 
preface, viz.: “ not to enter again on such of our common infestations as 
have been repeatedly noticed in my preceding Reports, excepting where 
there was some new information to be given or (sometimes) needed.” 
This renders the Report of unusual value. To do the publication justice 
is simply out of the question in an ordinary book notice, but suffice it to 
say that it is in every way a credit to its author. 


The writer well remembers an evening spent with the late Fraser S. 
Crawford, at his suburban home near Adelaide, South Australia. We 
had been discussing entomology and entomologists, when he made a 
remark something like this: ‘‘ Miss Ormerod is a noble woman, and is 
giving both her life and her wealth to the agricultural interests of England, 
and I cannot understand why she should not be better appreciated by 
Englishmen.” The sentiment will be echoed by American entomologists, 
but I fear in our hurry and bustle, we forget to drop an occasional word 
of encouragement and appreciation, such as we ourselves would gladly 
receive. Working almost alone, and comparatively unaided, in a labour 
of love not always appreciated, it seems to me that words of encourage- 
ment from her colleagues, both in America and out of it, are but matters 
of justice. Other reports on Economic Entomology there are, and they 
come officially from the Board of Agriculture of England, but the writer 
has searched through them in vain for tokens of originality or just credit 
for the information contained in them. , F. M. W. 


116 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NOTES. 


The Editor regrets to announce that the main building of Trinity 
College School, of which he has been Head Master for the last twenty-five 
years, was totally destroyed by fire on the night of Saturday, February 
gth. Though the weather was intensely severe and all the boys were in 
bed when the fire broke out, no one was injured in any way. School- 
work was resumed in temporary quarters on the Tuesday morning, and in 
a few days a large hotel and other premises were secured, in which the 
boys are comfortably provided for until the work of rebuilding is completed. | 

The Editor desires to thank his many friends for their kind letters of 
sympathy, and begs that his correspondents will pardon any delay in 
reply to their letters, as his time is sc fully occupied with other matters. 
Though he lost a large number of books and valuable papers, his ento- 
mological library and collections were fortunately in his private residence, 
which was with much difficulty saved from destruction. 

We are sorry to learn that others have been less fortunate than our- 
selves during this disastrous winter. Mr. C. H. TyLeEr TownsEnpD had 
his valuable library, which was particularly rich in works on European 
and American Diptera, stored in a warehouse at Las Cruces, New Mex. 
During his absence at Washington, the building was burned down and all 
his property was destroyed. He will be very grateful to any correspond- 
ents who will send him as complete sets as possible of their publications. 
His address is now Brownsville, Tex , where he is acting as temporary Field 
Agent of the Division of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 
Mr. J. G. Jack, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., has also sustained a very 
serious loss by the destruction by fire of his library and collection. We 
trust that those who are in a position to do so will assist in replacing them. 


Mr. A. R. Gro1E, of Bremen, Germany, has changed his address to 
“39 Gartenstrasse, Hildesheim, Germany.” 


We grieve to record the deaths of Dr. GzorGe Marx, the eminent 
Arachnologist, who expired at Washington, D.C., on the 4th of January, 
aged 56 years ; and of Mr. BERTHOLD NEUMOEGEN, a frequent contribu- 
tor to this magazine, and the possessor of a very valuable and extensive 
collection of Lepidoptera, who died of consumption, in New York, on the 
21st of January, in the soth year of his age. 


Mailed March 30th, 1895. 


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THE SCOLEOPTERA. OF CANADA, 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
IX. Tue Dyriscip& (COLYMBETINI) OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The Colymbetini, which follow the Hydroporini in Dr. Leconte’s 
scheme, are immediately distinguished therefrom by the distinctly five. 
jointed tarsi, and also, as a rule, by the much greater size. The males 
have the anterior, or middle tarsi, variously modified, but not forming 
regularly rounded disks as in the following group. Using the characters 
developed by the writers, whose works have already been mentioned, we 
may divide the Canadian genera thus :-— 

A. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment smooth. 

b. Hind tarsi with unequal claws. 


Bee Or mciaihe ADOVE.:. . ..i see Pieter en) ws» oLLVOLMS, 
Pebriiomeansa ove 0. ee es ee Pe ates: 
bb. Hind tarsi with claws equal or nearly so. 
c. Last joint of palpi emarginate................Coptotomus. 
cc. Last joint of palpi normal. 
d.i Elytra deeply ro-striate v2. ee. Copelates. 


dd. Elytra not regularly striate. 
e. Prothorax not margined; elytra with numerous 
very short minute longitudinal strie.... dgabetes. 
ee. Prothorax margined at sides. . 
Wing of metasternum linear, strongly 


curved.. Y) - eR Ee ae ga ..Llybiosoma. 

Wing RR Sede: aed | .. Agabus. 

AA. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal rugose. dstits usually 
large. 

Elytra reticulate. wee ihe Sa ae .. Scutopterus. 

Elytra smooth or with siort: coarse iaee’ metasternum with deep 

groove . = Ar ee eRe Rea a ae ae Mie ae Rhantus. 


Elytra bransvereeyisi strigose ; metasternum were ‘ectiee 
EGOWVE@ (oe is CEN crete oie Mee dk Wed oe skelter ine COLPMEDCLES: 


118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The character mentioned above for the primary separation of the 
groups of genera, the sculpture of the first dorsal segment, may need 
some explanation. The rugosities referred to under group AA. are to 


be seen near the first spiracle, and to be appreciated the elytron must be. 


raised. However, it will seldom be necessary to refer to this, if a little 
experience, or a few named specimens, are in the possession of the 
student, since the groups separate easily by their facies. 
ILypius, Er. 
The following scheme gives, in tabular form, the difference between 


the Canadian species as defined by Dr. Sharp. Lacking two of them, I 


am unable to verify the characters :— 
A. Hind tarsi of males with the joints margined at the external lower edge. 
b. Last ventral of ¢ not carinate, the apical portion with coarse 
longitudinal striz (.46 in.).....................subaeneus, Er. 
bb. Last ventral of ¢ with distinct median apical carina. 
Outer claw of anterior tarsi emarginate near the base in the ¢; 


legs -piceous:(.45 in.).. 0. Ufa... ase 3 Zmacdlarus, Aube: 
Outer claw of anterior ¢ tarsi ne legs rufous 
C38 in). me . .angustior, Gyll. 


AA. Hind tarsi of ae not £ mae eneee at Hie ie pxicnal edge ; last 
ventral with rather short carina, hind margin obscurely rugose ; 
anterior feet rufous, posterior piceous (.40 in.). . d¢guttalus, Germ. 

The considerable longitudinal convexity of the species of IJlybius, 
with their finely reticulate sculpture, renders them easily distinguishable 


from the neighbouring genera, In colour all are black above, more or 


less metallic, the elytra with two small pale lateral spots, one of which 
is sub-apical. 7. viridieneus, Cr., does not appear in the above table, 
since Dr. Sharp has placed it in synonymy with /. swbeneus, Er. 


CoproTomus, Say. 

C. interrogatus, Fabr., represents this genus. It is of ovate, sub- 
convex form, about .28 in. long, head red with black vertex, thorax 
reddish, black at base and apex. The elytra are brownish with pale 
irrorations, a short vitta near the scutellum, and the external margin 
irregularly yellow. The under side and legs are reddish. 

ILypriosoma, Crotch. 

A black beetle about the length of the preceding is 7, béfarius, 
Kirby. The thorax is short with rounded sides, rufescent in colour, and 
with broad margin, The elytra are covered with little striole, which, in 


— 


a a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 


general, are longitudinal in direction, but behind the middle slope some- 
what towards the suture. The front of the head and the legs are red. 
CopeLatus, Er. 

Here belongs C. g/yphicus, Say, which is peculiar on account of the 
distinct elytral striee. Colour rufo-piceous, legs paler. Length, .19 to .24 in. 
Matus, Aubé. 

Elongate, brownish-red, thorax rounded at the sides, anterior angles 
acute. Length, .32 in. Easily recognized by the elongate form and 
peculiar colour. Our species is 47. bicarinatus, Say. 

AGABETES, Cratch. 

Oblong-oval, black, beneath reddish, ‘Thorax very short, sides 
rounded, lateral margin reddish; elytra with reddish humeri, the 
surface covered with minute short scratches. Length, .27 in. 4. 


acuductus, Harr. 
Acasus, Leach. 


The species of Agabus are very numerous, and, from their extreme 
similarity in some parts of the series, difficult to separate. While none of 
them are very large, most of them are. above a quarter of an inch in 
length ; the colour is usually blackish, often more or less metallic, rarely 
variegate. They may often be found under stones in wet grassy places, 
or around the roots of plants in marshes and shallow pools ; the swimming 
legs are usually rather feebly developed. 

It has been deemed unwise to attempt a synoptic table, several of 
the Canadian species not being at hand for study. We have, therefore, 
been content to follow in the main the arrangement of Mr. Crotch, with 
the addition of such species as have been described since the publication 
of his paper, and such changes of nomenclature as seem necessary to 
bring it into correspondence with recent researches. The groups are 
based on the form of the male claws, the females offering too few char- 
acters of value to enable them to be identified in many cases without the 
corresponding males. This latter sex has the anterior tarsi more or less 
swollen, the joints beneath being clothed with hairs usually tipped with 
minute disks. 

Group I. Anterior external claw in the $ very elongate, broadly 
dilated, internal one elongate and sinuate. 

A. erythropterus, Say. Oval, convex, black, opaque ; legs, margins 
of ventral segments and elytra yellowish brown, the sides and humeral 
angles paler. Surface of elytra closely reticulate, dorsal punctures 
obsolete. .37 in. 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Group II. Anterior external claw acutely dentate in the Ae’ : 

A. disintegratus, Cr. (Fig. 9). Reddish, 
thorax blackish before and behind, elytra with 
narrow blackish vittz, metasternum black. 
.30 in. Easily recognized by its colour. 


A. teniolatus, Harr. Resembles the pre- 
ceding, but is a little larger and broader, the 
metasternum not black, the first joint of the 
middle tarsiin the ¢ considerably exceeding 
the larger of the tibial spurs in length. 


A. stridulator, Sharp. Oblong-oval, black, . 
polished, not reticulate above ; antenne and feet rufous, femora picescent 
-24 In. 

A. semivittatus, Lec. Rather broadly ovate, black, shining, sides of 
thorax nearly straight, elytra finely and obsoletely punctulate, dorsal series 
of punctures rather deeply impressed, irregular, confused towards the 
apex. A submarginal yellow vitta is found in the apical third, the hind 
tibize are punctate at base. .35 in. 

A. semipunctatus, Kirby. Ovate, convex, shining, black, sides of 
body rather parallel. Elytra very finely reticulate, dorsal series of 
punctures well marked, additional ones in the intervals. Hind tibie 
smooth. .24 1n. 

Group III. Anterior claws elongate, sinuate, compressed, or 
obtusely dentate in the males. 

A. Erichsoni, Har. Oblong-oval, very convex, black, znescent above, 
elytra obscurely ferruginous at the sides, densely and conspicuously 
reticulate. Antenne rufous, feet piceous. Posterior angles of thorax 
obtuse. .40 in. . 

A. sertatus, Say. Ovate, sub-convex, black, above bronzed, legs 
rufescent. Elytra with fine reticulations, shining, hind angles of thorax 
rectangular. .40 in. 

A, parallelus, Lec. Much like serzatus, but is said to differ in the 
more elongate parallel form and black legs. .42 in. 

A. infuscatus, Aubé. Ovate, brassy-black, mouth, legs, sides of 
thorax, margins of elytra and ventral segments yellowish-brown, the 
femora infuscate. Thorax with the surface coarsely rugulose and 
reticulate, elytra very finely reticulate. .30 in. 

A, anthracinus, Mann. Ovate, convex, black, slightly bronzed 


Ei Mepeaenoeipt Some | 


ita 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121 


above, antennz, legs and humeral region of elytra pitchy-red, anterior 
thoracic angles rufescent. Elytra rather coarsely reticulate with unequal 
areolz, dorsal series of punctures obsolete. .30 in. 

A. subfuscatus, Sharp. Oval, highly polished, black, prothorax 
somewhat zenescent, elytra fuscous, base and sides vaguely testaceous, 
antenne and feet rufo-testaceous. Elytra sparsely finely punctulate, not 
reticulate. .30 In. 

A. confinis, Gyll. Oblong-oval, polished, nearly smooth, black, 
elytra blackish, with rufescent sides. antenne and feet rufous, the femora 
more or less piceous. Elytra hardly visibly punctulate, the dorsal series 
irregular. .38 in. 

~ Group IV. Anterior claws of males simple. 

A. obtusatus, Say. Ovate, rather convex, black, shining, sides of 
thorax rounded, more so in the ¢. Elytra with distinct dorsal series 
confused behind, areole rather large ; subapical and sublateral vitte 
yellow. .30-.32 in. 

A. stagninus, Say. Broadly ovate, less convex, black, slightly 
bronzed, shining, legs paler. Sides of thorax little rounded, strongly 
margined. Elytra very finely reticulate, with submarginal yellow vitta on 
apical half. .40 in. 


A. punctulatus, Aubé. Black, shining, regularly ovate, antenne, legs 
and elytra ferruginous, disk darker. Thorax brassy, sides rufescent, finely 
margined and nearly straight, the surface irregularly reticulate ; elytra 
finely punctulate, hardly visibly alutaceous, dorsal series rather obsolete, 
but not irregular. .25 in. 

A. reticulatus, Kirby. Ovate, black, legs ferruginous, elytra griseous, 
with margins and epipleure yellowish; thorax fulvous, anterior and 
posterior margins black, head rufous in front. Elytra with irregular 
areole, giving a somewhat scabrous effect. .30 in. 

A. gagates, Aubé. Ovate, convex, shining, piceo-rufous, bronzed 
above. Head in front and anterior angles of thorax red, sides of thorax 
slightly rounded, rather strongly margined; elytra finely and closely 
reticulate, appearing punctulate towards the apex, dorsal series well 
marked. .38 in. 

A. tristis, Aubé. Elongate-oval, rather narrowed behind, tolerably 
shining, pitchy-black ; thorax with anterior angles broadly fulvous, sides 
slightly rounded, rather strongly margined and. sinuate. Elytra rather 
evidently coarsely reticulate, areole small, dorsal series tolerably distinct 


122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 


with numerous punctures. .40 in. A variety occurs in California in 
which the thorax is entirely black. 
SCUTOPTERUS, Esch. 

Two species are recorded from Canada, neither of which are known 
to us in nature. They are, according to Dr. Sharp, different in shape 
from the other Colymbetini proper, and remind us somewhat of large 
Agabi. The surface sculpture consists of fine reticulations, resembling 
that of A. fristzs. They are thus separated, the measurements being those 
of Dr. Sharp :— 

Shining black, serial punctures distinct behind. .64 in......Hormnit, Cr. 
Less shining, piceous black, serial punctures indistinct behind. 
6a inl oss 264 oO. Arai: 
Ruantus, Esch. 

The species of this genus are often yellowish above, with black 
irrorations on the elytra, and often darker spots on the head and thorax. 
They are a little less than half an inch in length, and may be separated 
on the following characters :— 


A. Base of prothorax profoundly bisinuate, the hind angles prolonged, 
acute, black ; legs, antenne, sides of thorax and elytral epipleura 
rufo-piceous. .40 In... ... See cr ity soil 


AA. Posterior angles of ae not ee need: 


b. Body beneath mainly black, more or less variegate with fulvous. 
Thorax with two median black spots, head black, front 
fulvous, elytra and legs fulvous, the former thickly irrorated 
with black (ayrin.) oss : .binotatus, Harr. 
Thorax yellow, front and hind margins ‘black ; head _ black, 
front and vertex fulvous, Pe and four anterior legs 
pale (.40 in.).. sats wns, arasn sO ESET CREMN w DCLIG tke 

bb. Body beneath bate ta 41 in. a ETRE 3 . tostus, Lec. 


Be nye Clairv. 


Rather large, elongate beetles, with trans- 
versely striate elytra. 


A. Legs black. 


Elytra, with sides and basal margin pale. 
Sides of thorax fulvous (.64-.70 

pee feats (ae - cP ume Rp 24 longulus, Lec. 
Elytra with basal margins and humeral 
angles pale, thorax fulvous, with transverse 
is black median bar. (.74 in.).seminiger, Lec. 
Ries ze) AA, Legs pale (.63 in.), (Fig. 10). scudptilis, Harr. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 


LIST OF BUTTERFLIES TAKEN AT WINNIPEG, MAN., 1894. 
BY A. W. HANHAM. 


Danais archippus, Fabr., June 2nd to 17th, July 8th to August 8th. 
Argynnis cybele, Fabr., July 7th to August 8th. 

" myrina, Cram. Rare. Single specimens taken on July 14th and 

August 4th and 8th. 

1 dellona, Fabr., May 24th to June 2nd, July r5th to August 8th. 
Phyciodes nyctets, Db..Hew. Rare. June 17th to 24th. 

" tharos, Dru., June. roth to August r4th. 
Grapta interrogationis, Fabr. Both forms bred, July 15th to July 22nd, 


fabricit, Edw. from full grown larvee off wild hop vine 
umobrosa, Lint. in my garden. 


1 comma, Harr., July 7th and 23rd, August 7th. 
 progne, Cram., June 6th, July 14th, and August 2nd. 
1  jp-album, Bd.-Lec. Rare. April 26th and August 14th. 


Vanessa antiopa, Linn., April 28th, July 8th to August roth. 
1 milberti, Gdt., April 21st, August. 
Pyrameis atalanta, Linn., July 8th to August roth. 
" huntera, Fabr., July 14th to August roth. 
" cardui, Linn, July 26th and August sth. 
(None of these species of Pyrames were abundant.) 
Limenitis arthemis, Dru., middle to end of June. 
" disippus, Gdt., end of June and early in August. 
Debis portlandia, Fabr., June 17th to July 22nd. 
Neonympha canthus, Bd.-Lec., July 14th (one specimen). 
Canonympha inornata, Edw., June 17th to 24th. 
Satyrus nephele, Kirby. Plentiful. July 8th to August 18th. 
Thecla, sp. Several examples seen May 2oth. 
 calanus, Hbn., July 15th (one specimen). 
1 strigosa, Harr. (form Ziparops, Bdv.) Rare. July 8th and r5th. 
1  acadica, Edw., July 14th and August 8th. (Single examples.) 
Chrysophanus thoe, Bd.-Lec. Rare. July 12th to 22nd. 
" helloides, Bdv., June 1oth to 24th, July 22nd to August 3rd. 
The commonest butterfly here this season; especially 
abundant within the city limits. 
Lycena sepiolus, Bdv. Local. A stronger flyer than other Blues occur- 
ring here. June 17th to 24th. 
1»  afra, Edw. Plentiful. May 24th to end of June. 


124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Lycena melissa, Edw. Rare. August 3rd to 8th, (No Q seen.) 
un  pseudargiolus, Bd.-Lec. 
lucia, Kirby, May 20th to June 3rd. 


violacea, Edw. 
neglecta, Edw. 


1 amyntula, Bdv. Abundant. May 24th to June 21st. 
Pieris oleracea, Harr. Rare. June 3rd. 

1 rape, Linn., May rth to September 3rd. 
Colias eurytheme, Bdv., June 21st to 24th, July 14th to August 14th. 

1 philodice, Gdt., May 27th, July 8th to September 3rd. 

1 anterior, Scud. One specimen taken by Mr. Lewis towards the 

end of June. 
A white Co/zas seen and chased on June 24th. 

Papilio turnus, Linn., June 2nd to 17th. 

1 astertas, Fabr. Examples taken July r5th and August gth. 


| June 2nd to June 17th. 


What appeared to be a black Pagi/io was seen on the wing in town on 
May 2zoth. 
Ancyloxypha numitor, Fabr., June 24th. (One.) 
Thymelicus garita, Reak., June 17th and 24th. Single examples. 
Pamphila hobomok, Harr., June 2nd to arst. 
" manitoba, Scud. Local. August 3rd to 19th. (No ¢ captured.) 
" peckius, Kirby. Middle of July to August. 
" mystic, Scud., June 21st to end of month. 
" cernes, Bd.-Lec., July 15th to August 4th. 
rT metacomet, Harr. Rare. Middle of July. 
Amblyscirtes samoset, Scud., June 16th (one). On June 3rd an Ambly- 
scirtes was missed ; it may, however, have been this species. 
Pyrgus tessellata, Scud. Mr. Lewis gave me a specimen of this insect 
taken early in July. 
Nisoniades brizo, Bd.-Lec., May 25th to June roth. 
" icelus, Lint., June 2nd and 6th. 
" lucilius, Lint., a worn specimen on August 14th, 
" juvenalis, Fabr., May 25th to June roth. 
Eudamus pylades, Scud., May 25th to June roth. 
" tityrus, Fabr. Rare. July 8th (one). 
A number of these species were new to me, and were kindly identified 
by Mr. James Fletcher, of Ottawa, to whom my thanks are due. 


4 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 


NEW TACHINIDA WITH A SLENDER PROBOSCIS.. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The Tachinidz described below have a slender, rigid proboscis, of 
which the portion beyond the basai articulation is at least one-half longer 
than the height of the head. All are from the Pacific Coast, and, except 
where otherwise stated, were captured or bred by the writer. 

Siphona plusie, n. sp—é 2 Terminal seczion of proboscis—the 
part beyond the second geniculation—not more than three-fourths as long 
as height of head. Frontal vitta yellow, less than twice as wide as either 
side of the front next the antennz ; sides of front grayish pollinose, frontal 
bristles descending nearly to apex of second antennal joint, two pairs of 
orbital bristles; face whitish, the sides bare; vibrissz inserted near the 
oral margin, only two or three small bristles above each ; cheeks less than 
one-fourth as wide as height of eyes. Antenne black, four-fifths as long 
as the face, the third joint three times as long as the second, two and one- 
half times as long as wide ; arista thickened on the basal half, the penul- 
timate joint twice as long as wide. Proboscis brown, palpi yellow. 
Thorax and scutellum black, gray, pollinose, the former bearing three 
post-sutural macrochaete, the scutellum with a small, cruciate apical and 
three long lateral pairs. Abdomen black, the sides of the first segment 
broadly, and sometimes also of the second, except the hind corners, 
yellow ; gray pollinose, more or less of the hind margins of the segments 
shining ; a marginal pair and a single lateral macrochaeta on the second 
segment, a marginal row of six on the third and of four on the fourth. 
Legs yellow, the tarsi and usually the front femora and apices of the 
others, blackish; claws and pulvilli very small. Wings hyaline, third 
vein bristly at least half way to the small cross-vein, the others bare ; hind 
cross-vein straight, perpendicular ; calypteres white. Length, 3 to 4.5 mm. 
Southern California. Thirty-one specimens. Of these, sixteen were bred 
from larvee of Plusia californica, April 26th, 1883, and July 2nd, 1892 ; 
four others were bred from an unknown Noctuid larva July 31st, 1890; 
the remainder were captured in February and March. 

Lsoglossa, 0. gen.—Proboscis slender, rigid, the portion beyond the 
basal articulation nearly twice as long as height of head, labella not 
differentiated ; palpi clavate, well developed. Eyes thinly pilose. Head 
not inflated, nearly quadrangular, broader than the thorax ; face slightly 
receding, lower margin of head straight, slightly longer than length of 
head at base of antenne, anterior pair of ocellar bristles directed obliquely 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


outward, frontal bristles in a single row, three beneath base of antenne. 
Facial ridges strongly diverging from their upper nearly to their lower 
ends, then strongly converging, but their lower ends widely separated, the 
ridges bristly on slightly more than the lower half; sides of face bare, 
each one-fifth as wide as the central fovea, the latter destitute of a median 
carina ; vibrissee rather short, inserted near the oral margin. Antenne 
inserted considerably above the middle of the eyes, nearly as long as the 
face, the third joint five times as long as the second, rounded at the tip ; 
arista bare, not longer than the third antennal joint, thickened on the basal 
four-fifths, the penultimate joint nearly one-half as long as the last one. 
Cheeks over one-third as wide as height of eyes, wholly pilose. Scutellurm 
bearing a small, cruciate, apical pair of macrochaetz and two long !ateral 
pairs. Abdomen elongate-oval, slightly narrower than the thorax, the 
four segments subequal in length, destitute of a ventral process; macro- 
chaetze discal and marginal. Hind tibiz not ciliate, claws and pulvilli 
nearly as long as the last tarsal joint. Apical cell open, ending the length 
of the small cross-vein before the tip of the wing, hind cross-vein slightly 
oblique, near the last third of the distance between the small cross-vein 
and the bend, the latter obtuse-angular, destitute of an appendix ; third 
vein bearing two or three bristles at the base, the others bare ; penulti- 
mate section of fifth vein nearly five times as long as the last section. 
(Name from the Greek: ‘sos equal and g/ossa tongue.) Type, the follow- 
ing species. 

Isoglossa hastata, n. sp.— f Frontal vitta brown, gray pollinose, 
subequal in width to either side of the front next the antenne ; front and 
face light gray pollinose, a blackish spot each side between them ; 
antenne, arista and proboscis black, the palpi yellow. Thorax and 
scutellum black, gray pollinose, the former with four black vittee and three 
post-sutural macrochaete. Abdomen black, opaque gray pollinose, the 
sides of the last three segments broadly orange-yellow, the two spots meet- 
ing on the hind end of the last segment ; genitalia black, protruding one- 
fifth the length of the last segment beyond the latter. Legs black. Wings 
hyaline, calypteres white. Length, 6 mm. Southern California. A 
single specimen in April. 

Drepanoglossa occidentalis, n. sp.— 2 Arista thickened on the basal 
fourth, proboscis beyond the basal articulation one-half longer than height 
of head. Frontal vitta brownish-yellow, three-fourths as wide as either 
side of front next the antenne, sides of front and face whitish pollinose ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 


frontal bristles descending nearly to tip of second joint of antennz, two 
pairs of orbital bristles ; sides of face bare; vibrissz inserted some dis- 
tance above the oral margin, only two or three small bristles above each ; 
cheeks over one-third as wide as height of eyes. Antenne four-fifths as 
long as the face, yellow, the third joint black, two and one-half times as 
long as the second, nearly four times as long as broad ; penultimate joint 
of arista not longer than broad. Proboscis and palpi yellow, labella 
black. Thorax black, grayish pollinose, marked with four black vitte, 
the outer ones broadly interrupted; three post-sutural macrochaete. 
Scutellum yellowish, bearing a small apical and two long lateral pairs of 
macrochaete. Abdomen yellow, a black ‘dorsal vitta on the last three 
segments, most expanded on the third; a marginal pair and a single 
lateral macrochaeta on the second segment, and a marginal row of six on 
each of the two following. Legs, including the coxz, yellow, the tarsi 
black ; claws and pulvilli less than one-half as long as the last tarsal joint. 
Wings hyaline, no-costal spine, third vein bearing two bristles at the base, 
the others bare ; apical cell open slightly before the tip of the wing, hind 
cross-vein sinuate and very oblique, at last third of distance between the 
small cross-vein and the bend, the latter arcuate ; calypteres whitish. 
Length, 8 mm. Southern California. A single specimen in July. 


Drepanoglossa venatoris, n. sp.— 2 Differs from the above descrip- 
tion of occidentalis only as follows: Frontal vitta scarcely more than one- 
half as wide as either side of the front, cheeks over one-half as wide as 
height of eyes. Third joint of antennz twice as long as the second, only 
twice as long as wide. Proboscis black. Scutellum, bearing an additional 
lateral pair of macrochaete. Abdomen black on last two segments, 
yellowish-gray pollinose, third segment with a marginal row of ten, the 
fourth with a discal row of ten and a marginal row of eight macrochaete. 
Claws: and pulvilli nearly as long as the last tarsal joint. Third vein 
bristly half way to the small cross-vein, costal spine distinct, fourth 
vein obtuse-angular at the bend, hind cross-vein straight. Length, 9 mm. 
Washington. A single specimen trom Prof. O. B. Johnson. 


Siphophyto setiger, n. sp.— g Second segment of abdomen bearing 
a marginal pair of macrochaetz. Frontal vitta yellowish-brown, subequal 
in width to either side of front next the antennz, sides of front grayish 
pollinose, frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal joint, two 
pairs of orbital bristles ; face whitish pollinose,. the sides bare ; vibrissz 
inserted near the oral margin, only two or three small bristles above each ; 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cheeks over one-third as wide as height of eyes. Antenne black, five- 
sixths as long as the face, the third joint five times as long as the second, 
five times as long as broad ; arista thickened on the basal three-fourths, 
the penultimate joint over twice as long as broad. Proboscis black, the 
part beyond the basal articulation one-half longer than height of head, 
slender, the labella scarcely thicker; paipi yellow. Thorax and scutellum 
black, grayish pollinose, the former bearing three post-sutural macrochaete, 
scutellum with two long pairs. Abdomen black, subshining, base of each 
segment excepting the first narrowly gray pollinose ; second segment with 
a marginal pair and a single lateral macrochaeta, the following each with 
a marginal row cf six. Legs black, claws and pulvilli very small. Wings 
hyaline, base of third vein bristly, the others bare ; apical cell closed 
slightly before the margin near the tip of the wing, hind cross-vein 
straight, perpendicular, slightly nearer to the small cross-vein than to the 
bend, the latter arcuate; calypteres whitish. Length, 4mm. Southern 
California. A single specimen in February. 


Siphophyto opacus, n. sp.— @ Differs from the above description of 
setiger only as follows: Second segment of abdomen Gestitute of a 
marginal pair of macrochaete. Third joint of antenne four times as long 
as broad, penultimate joint of arista only one-half longer than broad. 
Abdomen, except the first segment, wholly opaque gray pollinose, first 
and second segments each with a lateral macrochaeta, the third with a 
marginal row of six, the fourth with a similar row of eight. Length, 5 mm. 
Southern California. A single specimen in April. 


NOTES ON THE THYATIRIDA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A. M., NEW YORK. 

In describing the larval characters of this family (Proceedings of the 
Boston Society of Natural History, 1894, p. 399), I followed the arrange- 
ment of generic terms in Smith’s list; but I believe that it can be 
improved. So I would arrange the genera of this neat little family. as 
follows (following Hampson) :— 

Fore wing with a tuft of scales at internal angle. 
Fore wing not elongated ; outer margin rounded......... Habrosyne. 
Fore wing elongated ; outer margin subangulate...... Pseudothyatira. 
Fore wing without this tuft. 
Fore wing with vein 6 arising from angie of cell or below. 
Accessory cell reaching less than half way to apex....... Thyatira. 
Veins 7 to g long-stalked (accessory cell long)........ Authyatira. 
Fore wing with vein 6 stalked ; colour gray... ...........Bombycia. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'. 129 


Genus H/adrosyne, Hubner. 
H. scripta, Gosse. 
Our single species is closely allied to the European %. derasa. Dr. 
Ottolengui has distinguished a climatic variety in his collection, which is 
of interest. ‘The larva is known. 


Genus Pseudothyatira, Grote. 

Closely related to the preceding. The larva of one form is known, 
and closely resembles that of Hadrosyne. As I have not seen the proof 
that the two forms classed here are but varieties, I would prefer to give 
them specific rank. I have seen no intergrades. 


P. cymatophoroides, Grote. 


P. expultrix, Grote. 
Genus Euthyatira, Smith. 


The larva of the only known species is widely different from that of 
the European Zhyatira batis. Our larva is a concealed feeder, and 
without markings, while the European one possesses the structure of 
Habrosyne, but still further developed. 


EL. lorata, Grote. 
E. pudens, Guenée. 
E. semicircularis, Grote. 
The structure of the veins excludes this last species from Lombycia ; 


its markings do not differ essentially from those of Zuthyatira, though 
the outer white patches are all lost, and the wings are rather broad. 


Genus Bombycia, Hubner. 


Mr. Hampson, in his Moths of India, refers Bombycia to the 
Noctuide, but this is the Bombycia of Stephens, not of Hubner (type ZB. 
viminadis, Fab.). According to Mr. Grote, the type of Bomébycia, Hubn., 
is B. or, of Europe. We have two species, or possibly varieties, con- 
generic with this type. 


B. improvisa, Hy. Edw. 
B. tearlei, Hy. Edw. 
The larvee are unknown. 


The two species numbered 1,467 and 1,469, in Smith’s list, have 
been already removed from the family. Concerning No. 1,467, magnifica, 
Streck., Mr. Grote writes in the Entomologist’s Record and Journal of 
Variation (Vol. VI., p. 80) :—“ Examined by me in 1882, and determined 
then to be a Cossid.” ‘The reference of this species to Cossula by the 
late Mr. Neumoegen and myself was quite independent of Mr. Grote’s 
observation, and it is interesting to have his positive determination thus 
corroborate ours, made solely from the description. 


Bombycia candida, Smith, will require further examination before it 
can be accurately placed among the Thyatiride. 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.—IV. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO, 
Genus Pulex (Division 11.* continued.) 
TABLE OF SPECIES OF GROUP 2. 


A. Abdominal segments each with three dorsal rows of bristles; 
whole insect very heavily spined and bristled ; antennal groove 
in middle of head ; bristles on joint 2 of antenne longer than 
joint 3; maxillary palpi in female with joint 2 four-fifths of 4, 
and 3 two-thirds of 4; labial palpi reaching to one-third of 
anterior femora; pronotal comb of 20 spines; in anterior 
tarsi joint 3 two-thirds of 2 and shorter than 1, 5 twice 4 
and less than 1 and 2 together ; in middle tarsi joint 2 slightly 
shorter than 1 and longer than 5, 5 twice 4, and 1 long as 
3 and 4 together; in posterior tarsi joint 1 long as 2 and 3 
together, 5 one-half of 1 and much longer than 3, 2 about as 
long as 3 and 4 together, and less than 4 and 5 together; hind 
femora with a row of bristles on the side ; leg spines long, apical 
spines on second joint of hind tarsi longer than joints 3 and 4 

' together ; colour, light brown ; length, 2-3 mm. . Azrsutus, n. sp. 

AA. Abdominal segments each with one dorsal row of bristles ; an- 
tennal groove in middle of head ; maxillary palpi in female with 

joint 3 three-fourths of 4; labial palpi reaching to one-third of 
anterior femora ; spines on legs medium ; apical spines on joint 

2 of hind tarsi longer than joints 3 and 4 together; in middle 

tarsi joint 5 longer than twice 4, 1 shorter than 3 and 4 
together ; hind femora with a row of bristles on side 

AAA. Abdominal segments each with two dorsal rows of bristles ; in 
middle tarsi joint 1 equals 2; bristles on joint 2 of antenne 

long as joint 35 spines om legs medium... 3.3.5 Meee ee aes 

B. Apical spines on joint 2 of hind tarsi long as joints 3 and 4 
together ; antennal groove in middle of head ; maxillary palpi 
in female with joint 2 three-fourths of 4, and 3 two-thirds of 4; 


*P. pencilliger, Grube, and P. metallescens, Kol., should have been mentioned as 
belonging to this division. The very insufficient descriptions render their location 
impossible. The former was described from various Mustelid@, and the latter from 
Xantharpyia egyptiaca. P, echidne, Denny, described from Echidna hystrix (Van 
Diemen’s Land), should likewise have been mentioned in connection with 
Division I. These names doubtless represent good species, and it is to be hoped that 
collectors living within the range of these animals will take pains to obtain good series 
of the fleas infesting them. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131 


labial palpi reaching to one-third of anterior femora; pronotal 
comb of 16 spines; in anterior tarsi joint 2 longer than 1 and 
one-third longer than 3 ; 1n middle tarsi joint 1 equals 3 and 4 
together and shorter than 5, while 5 is twice 4; in posterior 
tarsi joint 1 equals 2 and 3 together, 5 a little longer than 3 and 
less than one-half of 1, while 2 is three times 4 and less than 4 
and 5 together; hind femora with a row of bristles on side ; 
colour, light reddish-brown, darker dorsally on abdomen ; 
length, 2-2.5 mm. ait i Watatns oi  UMCLZ, T.-Sp. 
BB. Apical spine on joint 2 sab fa tarsi saatio: shai sae 33 pronotal 
comb of 18 spines ; in anterior tarsi joint 1 little, if any, longer 


C. Antennal groove in anterior half of head; maxillary palpi in 
female with joint 2 little shorter than 4, 3 two-thirds of 4; 
labial palpi reaching to end of anterior trochanters ; in anterior 
tarsi joint 5 shorter than 1 and 2 together, 1 and 2 nearly 
equal; in middle tarsi joint 5 equals twice 4, and about the 
same as 2, while 1 about equals 3 and 4 together; in posterior 
tarsi joint 5 shorter than 3 and 4 together, and one-half of 1, 
2 is three times 4 and long as 4 and 5 together; colour, light 
brown, darker dorsally on abdomen; length, 2.5-3 mm. sciurorum. 

CC. Antennal groove in posterior half of head ; labial palpi reaching 
to one-third anterior femora; in anterior tarsi joint 2 long as 3 
and 4 together, 1 twice 4; in middle tarsi joint 5 equals 
3 and 4 together; in posterior tarsi joint 1 twice 2, 5 
shorter than 1 and long as 3 and 4 ep he colour, light 
reddish brown ; length, 5 mm. ps igh spy 

D. Apical spine on joint 1 of hind tarsi leat half as ee as joint 2; 
maxillary palpi in female with joint 2 longer than 4; bristles on 
joint 2 of antennze shorter than joint 3; pronotal comb of 12 
spines; in anterior tarsi joint 2 longer than 3 and about 
equal to 1, 5 twice 4 and shorter than 1 and 2 together; in 
middle tarsi joint 5 one-fourth longer than 2 ; in posterior tarsi 
joint 5 long as 3 and 4 together, and one-half of 1, 2 three 
times 4 and more than 4 and 5 Gees colour, light brown ; 
length, 2 mm. San ws ees ee se sdongispinus, 0. sp. 

DD. Apical spine on faint I ae hina tarsi apace as long as joint 2; 


Fon, 


: maxillary palpi in female with joint 2 shorter than 4 ; bristles 


152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


on joint 2 of antennz longer than joint 3 ; pronotal comb of 16 
spines ; in anterior tarsi joint 1 equals 3 and is shorter than 2, 
5 long as 1 and 2 together, and nearly three times 4; in middle 
tarsi joint 5 one-fifth longer than 2 ; in hind tarsi joint 5 less 
than 3 and 4 together, but more than one-half of 1, 2 twice 
4, but less than 4 and 5 together; colour, light brown, darker 
dorsally on abdomen ; length, 2.25-2.5 mm... montanus, n. sp. 


Pulex hirsutus, 0. sp. 


This flea, with its long and abundant spines and bristles, presents a 
very unusual appearance. It was collected on the Prairie Dog ( Cynomys 
ludovicianus ), at Stove Prairie, Larimer Co., Colo., by Prof. C. P. Gillette. 
Pulex Bruneri, n. sp. | 

I have received specimens of this species taken on Spermophilus 73, 
lineatus and S. /vankiini, at Lincoln, Neb., by Prof. Lawrence Bruner, 
and others, taken on the first named host by Prof. Herbert Osborn. I 
have also taken specimens from the same host at Fort Collins. 


Pulex sciurorum, Bouche. 

1835. Bouche, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop., Carol., XVII., 1., p. 506. 

I have specimens of this species from Dr. Taschenberg, taken on 
Sciurus vulgaris in Germany. It has also been recorded from hinolo- 
phus ferrum-eguinum. JI do not know that it occurs in North America. 


Pulex melis, Walker. 

1856. Walker, Insecta Britt. Diptera, III., p. 5. 

This very large and long flea has been recorded from JZe/es taxus 
and Canis vulpes. I have seen no fleas from either badger or fox 
collected in North America. 


Pulex longispinus, n. sp. 

I have received specimens of this flea taken on Fremont’s Chickaree 
at Georgetown, Colo., with P. coloradensis. Jt seems likely that there is 
an error in the data for either this species or P. coloradensis. It is not a 
usual occurrence for two species of fleas to be found living together on a 
single wild animal. These species are totally distinct. 


Pulex montanus, 0. sp. 
My specimens of this flea were taken from the large Mountain 
Grey-Squirrel (Sciurus Aberti ?), in the foothills west of Fort Collins, by 


Prof. J. D. Stannard. 
[TO BE CONTINUED. | 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. P38 


OBITUARY. 


The following particulars respecting our late correspondent have 
only recently been obtained :— 

Oliver Jacob Staley, of Marshall, Saline Co., ve died July 6th, 1894 
while on a collecting trip near home. His body was found by searching 
parties, in a creek, face downward. A sultry day induced him to 
bathe with fatal result. He was born in Princetown, Schenectady Co., 
N. Y., and removed with his parents to Marshall, Mo., thirteen years ago. 
He practiced law for about four years, and was in the twenty-fifth year of 
his age. A member of the Y. M.C. A., he was much respected by every- 
body. He published in the Canap1an Entomo ocist, Vol. XXIV., p. 201, 
“A List of Butterflies found at Marshall, Missouri, and vicinity.” During 
the last six years he had been actively collecting Lepidoptera. 

R. E. Kunze. 


NO CE ON Peat PLATY RY BRVEGED A. 
_ BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


In the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society for 1874 
is published a list of certain family groups of Bombycine moths, and I 
retained there the term /latypterices, of Hubner, 1806, for the group to 
which now a distinct family value is given, and which should therefore 
bear the name /Vatypterygide. Already in 1868, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
I had proposed the subfamily termination to the corrected original term 
of Stephens: /Vatyptericide. The question as to which of the two terms 
should be employed, Drepanide or Platypterygide, should, I think, be 
decided in favour of the latter form of the plural use of the name by 
Hubner and Stephens. Schrank’s original genus Drepana is the first 
generic term used in the group. The genus is a mixed one. It contains: 
1, D. sicula; 2, D. falcula; 3, D. flexula (not belonging here); 4, D 
hamula; 5, D. lacertula; 6, D. spinula. Schrank’s definition is ‘ Sichel- 
spinner.” Laspeyres’s restriction (1803) of the group under the name 
Platypteryx is the first to be made, and Hubner, in 1806, still further 
restricts Laspeyres’s name to the single type P. Aamuda. To this structural 
type should the name /Vatypteryx be henceforth confined, and with this 
type our North American species, arcuata, genicula and siculifer appear 
to agree. From the description I have shown there is a probability that 
Stephens’s Drepana fasciata was based upon .one of our Geometridae 
belonging to Drepanodes. So far, then, as our fauna is concerned, the 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


exact type of Drepana (one of the above six species of Schrank’s) is not 
now in question. In 1868 I did not know the use of Laspeyres’s term by 
Hubner in 1806, and following Stephens, incorrectly used Drefana for 
our species ; but I changed this use in the paper above cited in 1874, 
reverting to the name Platypteryx used by me in my first paper on our 
species, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1862, p. 59. 


ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF U.S. HYMENOPTERA. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, NEW MEXICO AGR. EXP. STA. 

(1.) Smicra divisa, Walker.—On July 8th, 1892, Prof. ©, tas 
Townsend collected some specimens of a Smicra in the Grand Canon, 
Arizona; and on July 27th he obtained what is doubtless a ¢ of the 
same species, at the Zuni River, Arizona. These had remained in our 
collection unnamed, until Miss MacGilmore, a student in zoology, worked 
them over, and concluded they were probably Walker’s dvésa._ I hardly 
agreed with this, rather thinking the insect was new, but Mr. Ashmead 
has now seen a specimen, and declares it is really dvisa. The type 
locality of S. divisa is Orizaba, Mexico, and no other specimens than 
Walker’s were known to Mr. Cameron when writing the Chalcidide of 
Biol. Cent. Am. The Grand Canon specimens differ from Walker’s short 
description in the scutellum having two yellow spots, not a yellow hind 
border. ‘The teeth on the hind femora deserve some comment. Walker 
says: ‘One large and several small teeth.” Cameron piaces the species 
in his section B.: “Femoral teeth small, minute, more than eight in 
number.” Our insect has one large and six small teeth, and so could not 
be divisa if Cameron were correct ; but the little that Walker says accords 
with our species, and would place it in Cameron’s section A, 

(2.) Philanthus multimaculatus, Cameron. —One on Chilopsis in 
Mr. Barker’s garden, at Las Cruces, N. M., June 5th, 1894. A pretty 
and distinct species, easily recognized by Cameron’s figure and descrip- 
tion in the Biol. Cent. Amer. The type locality is Atoyac, in Vera Cruz, 


Mexico. 

(3.) Crabro centralis, Cameron.—On Solanum eleagnifolium in 
open ground behind the Central Hotel, in Las Cruces, N. M., June roth, 
1894 (Ckll., 887). This was identified for me by Mr. Fox, aiid will be 
included in his forthcoming memoir on N. A. Crabronide. I mention it 
now only to call attention to the curious fact that it also originally came 
from Atoyac, in Vera Cruz, being, however, also found in Guatemala and 
Panama. 


—_— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 


A NEW PULVINARIA FOUND ON ORCHIDS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 
Pulvinaria brassi@, n. sp. 

@ scale rather like Lecanium hesperidum, elongate-oval, flattish, 
pale olive-brown, 2%4 mm. long. Ovisac white, firm, elongate, parallel- 
sided, distinctly longitudinally grooved, 8 mm. long, 2 broad. Derm 
colourless, not tessellate. Margin with a double row of easily-deciduous, 
strong, usually large, blunt spines, which are, near the lateral and posterior 
clefts, more or less branched at their tips. Spines of lateral clefts in 
threes, one very long and large, two very short and small. Anal plates 
brown, longer than broad, their outer sides meeting at about a right angle. 
Each plate with three small spines at tip, and three large bristles on outer 
hind margin. Anogenital ring with six stout hairs. Rostral loop reach- 
ing to level of insertion of middle pair of legs. Antenne 8-jointed; 3 
longest, but not greatlyso. Formula 32 (458) 167. Two and 5 each with 
a long hair ; 8 with several long hairs. Legs ordinary ; coxa more than 
half as long as trochanter + femur. ‘Trochanter with a strong, but not 
very long, bristle. Claw short, stout, curved. Tarsal digitules long, 
moderately stout, distinctly knobbed. Digitules of claw extremely stout, 
gradually widening to the large knobs. 

Hab.—On leaves of Brassia verrucosa, a native of Mexico, in 
greenhouse at Ottawa, Dec. 15th, 1894 (J. Fletcher). The actual plant 
was purchased from a New Jersey florist, and the insect has been found 
on no other in the house. It is quite a distinct and peculiar form of the 
type of P. camedlie, but smaller, with a much narrower, ribbed ovisac. I 
regret that I have not seen the description of P. dimearis, Targ., 1885, 
found on Camellia japonica, but it is doubtless safe to assume that it 
cannot be that species. 


THE USE OF MEGALOPYGE. 


BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY. 


In the able and original paper on “ Evolution and Taxonomy,” by 
my friend, Prof. Comstock, published in 1893, is a note, on page 103, 
relating to the use of the generic title JZega/opyge. The author says, refer- 
ring to Berg’s (not “ Berge”) articles on Argentine Lepidoptera: ‘‘ This 
monograph seems to have been overlooked by American writers.” This 
seems not quite correct. In Papilio, Vol. 3, 106-8, I have published (1883) 
a review of these papers by C. Berg. I took, in the course of a lengthy 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


review, the ground that Hubner’s genus Megalopyge was a mixed genus, 
being proposed for two species, Zanmata and nuda, and that there was 
no proof that these two species were congeneric. In the absence of such 
proof, it was not correct for Berg to designate /avata (and its structural 
allies) as either the type of or typical of J/egalopyge. Under these 
circumstances, I preferred Harris’s term Zagoa as a proper restriction of 
Hubner’s genus for the type to which pyxdifera, opercularis and crispata 
belong. I did not know then, what seems to be the fact, that Zagoa was 
preoccupied and must be wholly rejected on this score. But then Pimeda, 
Clem., 1860, for the same type must be considered as the next available 
term for a restriction of AZega/opyge. The matter stands thus: If anata 
and muda are congeneric, then /ime/a falls as a synonym of Hubner’s 
genus. If these two are zof congeneric, then Clemens’s term must be used 
for anata and our North American species, as the first restriction of 
Hubner’s genus, and Jega/opyge must be left to the type muda, a species 
quite unknown to me. As to this and related matters, I think I can refer 
the student to the paper in “ Papilio,” above cited, in which I drew the 
attention of American Lepidopterists quite fully to Berg’s valuable 
writings. 


BOOK NOTICES, 


“ The Classification of the Lepidoptera,” by Vernon L. Kellogg, American 
Naturalist, Vol. XXIX., pp. 248-257, plate XVII. (March, 1895). 
Mr. Kellogg reviews Prot. Comstock’s classification of the Lepidop- 
tera especially in regard to the establishment of the sub-orders Jugatz 
and Frenate (Evolution and Taxonomy), and shows how his own 
researches on the wing scales corroborate this division. He adds nothing 
essential to his former results in this direction (Kansas Univ. Quarterly, 
III., 45-89, 1894), and so far it appears that the wing scales do not afford 
a basis for the subdivision of the Frenate. The new part of the present 
article consists of a consideration of the mode.of specialization of the 
meso- and meta-thoracic segments, as effected by a cephalization of the 


powers of flight. The Jugatz are found to be in a generalized condition 
in this respect, but apparently not more so than certain Tineidz ; there- 
fore, the result of this investigation is not a convincing support of Prof. 
Comstock’s sub-orders, though it does show that the Hepialidz belong low 
in the scale, as they are placed in Dr. Chapman’s pupal classification. It 
is another argument against the old group of Bombyces. 


Harrison G. Dyar. 


THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 137 


Notes on Butterfly Pup, with some remarks on the Phylogenesis of the 
Rhopalocera. By T. A. Chapman, M. D. 


Readers of the Entomologist’s Record (P. Heinsberger, g First 
Avenue, New York, Agent) wil! have been for some time interested in 
Dr. Chapman’s writings. The description of the different ‘‘ dresses” of 
the larve of Arctiide have shown us that the phylogeny of the different 
genera in this group can be studied to advantage by a systematic classifi- 
cation of larval characters. Each stage of the metamorphic Hexapod 
must be considered by itself and the larva (as we have seen from Mr. 
Dyar’s writings) should be treated as an independent existence. The 
more so since the environment is peculiar and modification to meet its 
requirements is so abundantly displayed. In his present paper in the 
Record for March 15th, 1895, Dr. Chapman considers the butterfly pupa 
by itself. The author draws attention to the “ progress which is evident 
in the pupe of Rhopalocera, as in those of Heterocera, from a condition of 
greater to one of less freedom of the segments; to the progress from a 
greater number of exposed appendages (a decided ‘Micro’ character) to a 
less number, though this is not illustrated amongst butterflies except, per- 
haps, between Hesperids and Papilionids ; and to a general progress towards 
a smoothly rounded, solid form, which, however, is greatly interfered with 


_ amongst the butterflies by the exigencies of the development of protective 


resemblance.” From observation, Dr. Chapman concludes that move- 
ment is never regained by the pupa, when in course of time it has been 
lost through adaptation. Dr. Chapman also verifies the conclusions laid 
down by other students that similar structural characters have been 
reached along different lines by descendants from a common ancestor 


who did not present any indication of them. 


In the course of a very remarkable exfosé of pupal characters, Dr. 
Chapman takes occasion to speak very highly of Scudder’s Butterflies of 
New England, while the authot’s observation of pupz confirms Mr. 
Scudder’s classification, not only broadly, but in considerable detail. The 
conclusion Dr. Chapman comes to with regard to Papi/io is, that Papilio 


still closely represents the primeval butterfly when it had become truly a 


butterfly as distinguished from a Hesperid. The low rank of Papilio 
would now seem to be confirmed from the independent labours of 
Scudder, Comstock, Dyar, and Chapman. ‘The genus has “ fallen from 
its high estate,” without altering the fact that the Swallow-tails are among 


138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the most beautiful and graceful of butterflies, as well as the most 
interesting. As representing most nearly the primeval butterfly, Papz/io 
machaon, for instance, may still be considered as typical of the group ina 
wide sense, no less than as typical of the particular family Papz/ionide to 
which it belongs. 

Dr. Chapman’s paper must be read and studied to be fully appre- 
ciated as it deserves. To draw attention to its merits, this brief notice is 
penned. It adds largely to the store of scientific facts ; it is well and 
clearly written, and is the product of a mind which not only seizes small 
circumstances, but is able to build from them a theory of the way in 
which Nature has gone to work. A. R. Grote, A. M. 


« A Manual for the Study of Insects,” by John Henry Comstock and 
Anna Botsford Comstock, Ithaca, N. Y. Comstock Publishing Co., 
1895. (Price, $3.75.) 
This is a work of 700 pages, profusely illustrated. A table of the 

classes of the Arthropoda is given, followed by a short characterization 

of the Crustacea. Thirty-three pages are devoted to the Arachnida, and 

a table is given for separating the principal families of the Araneida. 


The Myriapoda are briefly referred to, and Chapter III. begins the 


discussion of the true insects (Hexapoda). Nineteen orders are recog- — 


nized, and a careful table is given for their practical determination. 

In the remainder of the work, 618 pp., the several orders are treated, 
with tables carrying the student to the families, each illustrated by typical 
common species, of which brief accounts are given. 

In the Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera, the uniform system 
of nomenclature of the wing-veins discussed by Prof. Comstock in 
‘¢ Evolution and Taxonomy ” is applied throughout the orders. As stated 
in the preface, but slight changes are made from the usual classification 


of the families, except in the Lepidoptera, where the system proposed in 
“ Evolution and Taxonomy” is adopted with slight changes. This is 
remarkably like Dr. T. A. Chapman’s classification from pupal characters 
and the present writer's one on larval characters. All three agree on 
breaking up the old groups Zygeenidwe and Bombyces, and the several 


members are referred to essentially the sames places. The work affords — 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 


——— ——_ = 


for the first time a means for teacher as well as student to determine the 
family of any North American insect, for here synoptic tables replace the 
vague characterizations so generally in vogue in Zoology. ‘To bring the 
tables down to species, as is done so satisfactorily in Botany, as the author 
remarks, would make the work of enormous length, not to mention the 
fact that the present state of our knowledge of insects does not warrant 


such an undertaking. The work seems a very valuable and timely one. 


HARRISON G. DyYar. 


[We wish to add to the foregoing notice our hearty congratulations to 
Professor Comstock and his talented wife upon the completion of their 
excellent work, and our tribute of praise for the thoroughly admirable 
manner in which they have performed it. It is now a little more than six 
years since we noticed in these pages the first part of this work, which 
consisted of 234 pages and 200 wood-cuts; we then stated that “ judging 
from the portion before us, we have no hesitation in saying that the com- 
plete work will be a‘most valuable and admirable manual of Entomology ; 
in clearness and simplicity of style, in excellence of illustration, and in 
arrangement of matter, it leaves nothing to be desired.” This prediction 
has been most completely fulfilled, the volume before us being, in several 
respects, even an improvement upon the original publication. The new 
illustrations are more artistic, and the diagrams of wing-venation and 
details are clear and accurate ; the synoptic tables will afford any pains- 
taking student with satisfactory means of classifying into families any 
specimens, that he collects, while the letter-press and figures will enable 
him to determine a large number of species. We heartily commend the 
work to all who are beginning to study Entomology, and we can assure 
others, who have made some progress in the science, that they will find in 
it a vast deal of help and information that will prove of the utmost value. 
We may add that the illustrations consist of 800 wood-cuts and six 
beautiful full-page plates, the one forming the frontispiece being coloured. 
The price of the work is so reasonable that it is within the reach of all. 


Go SB. 


140 THE. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


BOMBYCID/E —ZYGANIDA. 


In the April number of the Canapran Enromovocist, Mr. Schaus- 


states (p. 94) that Bombyx has no frenulum. A glance at Prof. Comstock’s 
figure (Evol. and Taxonomy, p. 88) shows it distinct, but very small, so 
that difference cf opinion about it may readily be entertained. This 
illustrates again that this character is not an adequate one for family 
definition. Mr. Hampson himself has already abandoned it. (Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv., pp. 254-261.) 

In the same number Mr. Grote refers frequently to the Zygznide 
(p. 95). Can we not adopt some other name for this objectional term? 
As long ago pointed out by Westwood, Zygeena is pre-occupied in Ichthy- 
ology. Moreover, the name is entirely vague, for we have had associated 
under it most diverse insects belonging respectively to the more specialized 
Microlepidoptera (my Anthrocerina) and the higher Arctian type of the 


Noctuina. According to Kirby the type of Zygzena is phegea, Linn., an 
Arctian, while Hampson follows the old custem, and makes the type 
filipendula,a micro. I have used the terms Euchromiide (Syntomidz) 
for the former, Anthroceride for the latter. 


Now, we have in North America no Zygeenidae (sews Hampson), as 
pointed out by Prof. Smith ; our Pyromorphide are the nearest approach 
to them. Mr. Grote apparently uses the term for the Euchromiide, and 
only continues the confusion ; for this fails to bring out the fact, which I 
think must finally become fully apparent, that the old family Zygznide 
must be separated into elements belonging to fundamentally dissimilar 
groups of the Frenate. Can we not entirely abandon the term ZV grenidee? 

Harrison G. Dyar. 


THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA. 


The fourteenth annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada will 
be held at Ottawa on the 15th, 16th and 17th of May, 1895. ‘The Rey. 
T. W. Fyles, South Quebec, P. Q., has been appointed to represent the 
Entomological Society of Ontario at the meeting. 


Mailed May Ist, 1895. 


eae eee 


pie wanaddiay aon 


‘VOL. ‘XXVIL, "LONDON, (JUNE, gags: MUN: 6) 


THE INSECT FAUNA OF T HE SUD BURY DISTRICT, ON’ TARIO. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON. 


Prior to the advent of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in the year 
1883, this district was entirely unsettled, being, in fact, a terra incognita to 
all except servants of the Hudson Bay Co., officials of the Geological 
Survey, and Provincial Government surveyors. But it had been devas- 
tated to a large extent by forest fires, which occurred at intervals during 
a period of some fifty or sixty years previously. These fires entirely 
destroyed the virgin forest (which consisted chiefly of white pine) over 
large tracts, by killing the trees and leaving them susceptible to the 
attacks of their insect enemies, and presenting at that date (1883) a deso- 
late appearance, caused by the thickly-standing tall bare trunks and stubs 
of trees, among which had sprung up a thick growth of saplings of white 
birch, poplar, etc. 

To this great destruction of timber, left to the mercy of its many 
insect foes and their parasites, etc., may no doubt be attributed the 
great variety and numbers of insects of the various orders, not to mention 
the pests of human existence, viz., mosquitoes, and black and sand-fltes, 
the wood borers being especially numerous, both specifically and numer- 
ically. 

Isolated patches of green pine forest were, however, left untouched 


among the general destruction, one of which was in the immediate 


vicinity of the town of Sudbury. This timber was utilized in the construc- 
tion of the railway, and'in after years the bark-covered stumps afforded 
a great number of a large series of species of insects to those in search of 


.such inhabitants. 


The writer, during a period of some seven seasons, collected in the 
several orders enumerated below, in the lists of which will appear the 
names of all the species he has as yet had worked out and determined. 


List OF COLEOPTERA. 


In the following list, containing 494 species, there are sixty-five 


_ Species not enumerated in the Society’s list, but of these, four have been 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


heretofore recorded by Mr. W. H. Harrington, five by Mr. Kilman, and 
six by Dr. John Hamilton, as having occurred in Canada, leaving fifty tu 
be added to the Society’s list, which are designated by an asterisk. 
My list gives the total number of individuals of each species taken during 
seven years (1886, 1888-1893), and will thus show which were of common 
occurrence and which were rare. These were all captured within a radius 
of five miles from the town of Sudbury, excepting Cad/oides nobilis, Say, 
and Leptura vittata, Germ., which were taken at Algoma Mills, on 
Georgian Bay, distant from Sudbury about ninety-five miles. Cadosoma 
scrutator, Fab., was captured by Dr. Peters within the limits of the town 
early in the season of 1889, from under the bark of a pine stump, where 
it had no doubt hibernated during the previous winter. 

There are still upwards of one hundred species requiring determina- 
tion. My warmest thanks are due, and are hereby tendered, to Dr. John 
Hamilton for his kindness in determining the majority of these species : 


LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT SUDBURY, ONTARIO, 


CICINDELID&. Pterostichus coracinus, Newm.. 3 

Cicindela longilabris, Say ....104  * " moestus, Say.... 1. 
" O-cuttatas| Fabien. s.r " punctatissimus, 

" limibalisswisec ace cus 28 PRAT seis! Scot aeentas ee ae eee 

: vulgaris, Say ...... 33 Pterostichus lucublandus, Say. 20 

" 12-guttata, De} .... 6 " mutus, Says t<t4 

CARABID&. " orinomum, Leach 3 

Calosoma scrutator, Fab..... 1 . Enea el ey eee 

" frigidum, Kirby.... 5 . patel: AO einae e 

‘i calidum, Fab...... 3 Amara exarata, Dep 7.0.2 Sa a 

Elaphrus ruscarius, Say...... 1 n  latior, Kirby.......... 

Dyschirius nigripes, Lec..... I n fallax, Lec........--. 1 

Nomius pygmeus, Dej...... 8 n erratica, Sturm...... 4 

*Psydrus piceus, Lec .. ; n> anterstitialisy, Dey /<9 3) 4. aang 

Bembidium carinula, Chd.... 1 n  subeenea, Lec ........ 3 

* paludosum, Sturm 1 nn? IMlsculus; Say -3 ey Ree 

" ineequale, Say.... I Platynus sinuatus, Dej....... 4 

" Hupeste, ej: .s.. Ales " €1lans; “Saye eck fe ee 

* " conspersum, Chd. 1 " afimis,Karby. a5): 084 an 

" versicolor, Lec... 3 " melanarius, Dej.... 1 

Tachys nanus;Gylle 0. is... II 1a PCOBMUS SIZE i.) eet tae ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Platynus cupripennis, Say.... 5 
" 8-punctatus, Fab.... 

" plaeidus, Says... .. 7 

" vicinus, G. & H.... 1 

w -obsoletug,Say...... 95 

" 4-punctatus, Dej.... 7 

" sordens, Kirby..... 4 

" lutulentus, Lec. . 3 

Bebia WViridisyi Saye <6 se 3 

Mig spamila We ee a «aire 3 


Cymindis cribricollis, Dej.... 1 
Chlenius sericeus, Forst..... 3 

" pennsylvanicus, Say. 2 
Agonoderus pallipes, Fab.... 54 
Harpalus viridizeneus, Beauv.. 4 


" fallax, CO Raabe a ciavans I 

" pleuriticus, Kirby... 3 

i " Sautns eee woe. 

" Tunmanus, Lee... . - 2 

Stenolophus fuliginosus, Dej.. 1 

" conjunctus, Say.. 2 

" ochropezus, Say. I 

Tachycellus nigrinus, Dej.... 3 
Anisodactylus _ baltimorensis, 

Ray abet eae ed soe aia | 2 

HALIPLID&. 
*Haliplus borealis, Lec....... 2 
woo tuheolls; Dept. i.) 12 
DyTISCIDA, 

Ccelambus inequalis, Fab.... 12 

*Ilybius subzeneus, Er,....... 11 

»  biguttatus, Germ..... I 
Agabus parallelus, Lec...... 

(yp  SETIALUSS, AY se.) s) page ais 2 

wmtuseatus, Aube»... 2 

fee PamAteS NOE. ac), .). 2 

pew: leptapsis, Lec....2.. 2 

Secueoprerus, Horn, Cris... I 


Rhantus binotatus, Harr..... 
Colymbetes sculptilis, Harr... 
Hydaticus stagnalis, Fab .. 
Dytiscus fasciventris, Say .... 
" Harrisii, Kirby..... 
Acilius semisulcatus, Aubé... 


GYRINID. 


Gyrinus affinis, Aubé.......- 
ie. picipes,, AUbe s.\7.. 


HYDROPHILID&. 


Helophorus nitidulus, Lec.. .. 
" linearis, Lec..... 
Hydrena pennsylvanica, Kies. 
Hydrocharis obtusatus, Say .. 
Philhydrus nebulosus, Say - 
Hydrobius fuscipes, Linn.. . 
Cryptopleurum vagans, Lec .. 


SILPHID. 
Necrophorus’ vespilloides, 
Necrophorus tomentosus, Web. 
Silpha surinamensis, Fab... .. 
ee Jappomica, EUDSE:, .) 0 .< 
1 noveboracensis, Forst.. 

wes americeang® Lanns:.. 3.3 
Choleva clavicornis, Lec. .... 
Prionocheta opaca, Say ..... 
Liodes globosa, Lec......... 
Prades! WASANIG GEC Ai), hele 
Agathidium politum, Lec..... 


PSELAPHID&. 


*+Bryaxis, conjunetas ee... 1... 


STAPHYLINID&. 


*A leocharavlata. Grav... 0. 


" bimaculata, Grav. 
Gyrophena socia, Er...... 


Oo nn nsw 


Ton 


144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST. 


Heterothops fumigatus, Lec. 


Quedius levigatus, Gyll...... 3 
Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav. 13 
Creophilus villosus, Grav... .. 22 
Philonthus zneus, Rossi..... 12 

" vatians, Payiea ase 


" micans, Grav. 
" lomatus, Er. 2 
" cyanipennis, Fab.. 1 
1" sordidus Grav. 2 601 


Xantholinus cephalus, Say... 45 
" Obscurus. vir. te 


Baptolinus macrocephalus, 
Word 3.0442). mt cce ety eee 
Lathrobium simplex, Lec..... ro 
Lithocharis confluens, Say.... 6 
Peederus littorarius, Grav..... 2 
Tachinus memnonius, Grav. . I 
Tachyporus elegans, Horn.... I 
Boletobius cinctus, Grav..... I 
Habrocerus magnus, Lec..... a8 
*Olistherus megacephalus,Zett. 2 
" substriatus,Gyll.. 27 
Platystethus americanus, Er... 4 
Oxytelus rugosus, Grav..-... 5 
*Homalium punctiventre,Fauv. 1 


Anthobium convexum, Fauv.. 18: 


SCAPHIDIIDA. 
*Scaphisoma punctulatum, Lec. 1 
" terminatum, Melsh 2 


CoORYLOPHID&. 
Saciumupubre, ec... . i 


COcCINELLID&, 
Anisosticta strigata, Thumb.. 11 
Hippodamia 13-punctata,Linn. 33 

" parenthesis, Say.. 6 
Coccinella trifasciata, Linn... 39 
" g-notata, Hbst..... 4 


Coccinella transversoguttata, 
Bab ts, 2.5.2 6 ee ee es 

Coccinella 5-notata, Kirby... 
" monticola, Muls... 3 


" tricuspis, Kirby... 15 
" sanguinea, Linn... 1 
Adalia bipunctata, Linn... .. 3 


I 
Harmonia picta, Rand....... 1 
" 14-guttata, Linn.. 2 


*Harmonia 14-guttata, var. ob- . 
liqua, Rand. he I 


Harmonia 12- manitiletas Gebl. 5 
Anatis 15-punctata, Oliv..... 9 
Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls.. 2 


*Exochomus marginipennis, Lec 1 
*Scymnus americanus, Muls... 1 


ENDOMYCHID&. 


Lypoperdina ferruginea, Lec. . 


Mycetina perpulchra, Newm.. 3 
EROTYLIDA, 
Tritoma thoracica, Say....... I 
CoLyDIID&. 
Cerylon castaneum, Say... . 39 
CuCUJIDA. 
Silvanus planatus, Germ..... 2 
Catogenus rufus, Fabr....... 2 
Pediacus fuscus, Er......... 44 
Cucujus clavipes, Babs otis 
Dendrophagus glaber, Lec... 5 
CRYPTOPHAGID&. 
Loberus impressus, Lec... .. ates 
MyYCETOPHAGIDA, 


Mycetophagus flexuosus, Say... 1 
Mycetophagus pluripunctatus, 


WSGe ys PEA ane ee ee 
Mycetophagus tenullasciatus, 
elo) gi eer t a Wr ens che fc 


ee, ied ee tele 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 


DERMESTID®. DaASCYLLIDA. 
Byturus unicolor, Say........ 7 Cyphon variavilis, Thumb... 4 
Dermestes caninus, Germ.... 12 ELATERID. 

u lardarius, Linn.... 28 A delocera aurorata, Lec..... 2 
Attagenus piceus, Oliv...... I # obtecta, Say...... 7 
Orphilus glabratus, Fab...... 13 : brevicornis, Lec. .. 9 

HISTERIDE, Alaussmyops, Fab. 0p... 02° 11 
Hister fedatus, Lec......... 4 Cardiophorus convexulus, Lec. 1 
»  abbreviatus, Fab... ... 2 Cryptohypnus abbreviatus,Say. 5 
Meee MATSINATUSi A. oe. eas us I ie tumescens, Lec. 7 
n  depurator, Say. 4 - Elaterpedalis, Germ... .0.. 78 
n  Lecontei, Mars....... 4 it @ MIPFINUS,« PayK co... 22 
ees eMUAMIS EC). cece) 2 it 2Gmaxtus; Hibst ol. 4 3 
_*Paromalus estriatus, Lec. . I nm. opillus, Germ... i... 14 
Saprinus rotundatus, Kug. I jMotesus Leegeutt wate ow 
n  fraternus, Say... 5 1 semicinctus, Rand.... 1 
Plegaderus transversus, Say... 17 »  luctuosus, Lec........ 50 
NITIDULID&. ite mgheans, Germe....% 16 
*Cercus pennatus, Mun....... 6 ihe) wapi@atus; Sayer’... 2. 60 
Carpophilus brachypterus,Say. 4 * 1 phcenicopterus, Germ.. 25 
Colastus truncatus, Rand..... 4 Megapenthes stigmosus, Lec. . 
Bepurea labilis, Eris... 0..." 8 Agniotes fucosus, Lec........ 21 
Nitidula bipustulata, Linn.... 49 " hnosus) Tees... 624.303 
" riinpes. Lan. . 61 .)..28 Dolopins lateralis, Esch...... 18 
Omosita colon, Linn........ 19 __-Betarmon bigeminatus, Rand. 2 
[ps fasciatus, Oliv.......... 36 Melanotus castanipes, Payk .. 34 
1 sanguinolentus, Oliv..... 8 " communis, Gyll... 1 
n vittatus, Say . Ig ae Limontus.@ger Wee 3680) 25 
*Rhizophagus eyligtificus Dice 4  Campilus denticornis, Kirby.. 15 
TROGOSITID&. Sericosomus incongruus, Lec. 15 
Tenebrioides mauritanica, Linn. 1 Corymbites virens, Schr...... 33 
Peltis ferruginea, Linn...... Ag " vernalis, Hentz... 3 
Calitys scabra, Thumb....... 9 * " resplendens, Esch. 17 
Grynocharis 4-lineata, Melsh. 4 " spinosus, Lec. ./. 
BYRRHID&. " caricinus, Germ.. 1 
Cytilus sericeus, Forst....... Roi " miendax, Lec..... 
Byrrhus cyclophorus, Kirby.. 3 " insidiosus, Lec... 13 


Pe IEDY], eC. Yokes. I " falsificus, Bee... (3 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Corymbites triundulatus, Rand 59 LAMPYRIDA. 
" propola, Lec...-.. 15 Celetes basalis; Wee... e220 eons 
" cruciatus, Linn... 62 Cvenia dimidiata, Fab........ 1 
" geripennis, Kirby. .150 Eros aurora, Hibsts:, nc .vss eee 
" metallicus, Payk.. 28 Plateros canaliculatus, Say... 16 
ss t" flavipes. ........ 6 Calochromus perfaceta, Say. 5 
Asaphes memnonius, Hbst..- 1 — Ellychnia corrusca, Linn... .. 4I 
THROSCID. Pyractomena borealis, Rand.. 4 
Drapetes geminatus, Say..... Photuris pennsylvanica, Deg.. 38 
Throscus constrictor, Say .... 3 Podabrus modestus, Say..... 36 
x " Chevrolati, Bonv. . 2 n lateralis, Lec 14 
BuPRESTIDA. Telephorus fraxini, Say...... 15 
Chalcophoravirginiensis, Drury 13 * e Curtisii, Kirby... 14 
" liberta, Germ.... 1 A Aiea 
Dicerca prolongata, Lec...... 53 Collons tricolor, Sam <2. eae 


tie, Oivaticatay Sayisk.,. 1.10 
1 tenebrosa, Kirby. ... 37 
1. Chrysea, Melsia.. ..« 


ne, / tuberculata;Chev: -... 12 
Pete niet NP UbRS: Meee aeiee nese 
Buprestis consularis, Gory..... 4 


" maculiventris, Say.. 59 


" fasciata, Fab. ......207 

% " sulcicollis, .IueG.c.<.n0 3 
" striata Habsiinacss es 
Melanophila longipes, Say.... 80 
" fulvoguttata, Harr 3 
Anthaxia eneogaster, Lap.... 11 


Chrysobothris femorata, Fab.. 11 
" floricola, Gory.. 1 


" dentipes,Germ. 5 

" trinervia, Kirby. 4 
Chrysobothris scabripennis, 

Lip Rage es (2-2 

*Acrilus granulatus, Say...... I 

a i -@DRIGSAIGOTY ia. ic. 2 

ni POMS, PIAY cies. ss 2 

) | SEG OMNS. MOLY ic 5 < 210 oo im 


* 


* 


Anthocomus Erichsoni, Lec... 1 
Dolichosoma foveicolle, Kirby. 1 


CLERIDZ. 
Clerus quadriguttatus, Oliv... 5 
nn’ ‘Nignfrons, Say |... sete 
1 ichneumoneus, F2b... 6 
Thanasimus dubius, Fab..... 24 
" undulatus, Say... 2 
" nubilus, Ke. yi, 60 


Thaneroclerus sanguineus, Say. I 


Hydnocera difficilis, Lec..... 4 

" verticalis, Say.... 1 

" tabidid,, Lee sapere 2 

Chariessa pilosa, Forst ..... I 

Necrobia violaceus, Linn... .. 7 
PTINID. 

Dinoderus substriatus, Payk.. 21 

" cribratus, Lecici: 224 
CioIbDé. 

Rhipidandrus paradoxus, 


BEAU. ieee hacen 


(LO BE CONTINUED.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 


NUTES ON COLLECTING, AND NAMES NEW TO THE 
CANADIAN LIST. 
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ONT. 


The season of 1894 was, in this locality, of rather an unusual 
character. Spring appeared with March, lasting up to the 25th, when we 
had a series of light snow-storms and hard frosts, which continued to the 
7th of April. Then we had weeks of the most charming, moderate and 
enjoyable weather. After the middle of May we had frequent thunder- 
showers ; the 28th was cold and snowy, with a killing frost at night. It 
remained cold to the 7th of June, when it changed to warm weather, and 
for the rest of June and throughout July we had an almost unbroken time 
of excessive heat. August was dry as well as hot, and its effects were 
seen in the coloured leaves of trees and bushes, and much more so in 
weeds and grasses. In the early part of September rain set in, which 
freshened vegetation greatly, but frosts followed at the end of the month. 


I kept a look-out for P. cresphontes, to see if it would be as plentiful 
as in the previous year. During June I saw a number on the wing. On 
the 7th of July I got two full-fed larve, which matured in due time, but 
during the remainder of the season I did not see a specimen of cresphontes 
in any stage. Just the reverse of my last season’s observations of it. 

During the latter part of June and early part of July insect life was 
in profusion, but a combination of causes prevented me from giving close 
attention to it, yet I secured several interesting things new to me. 

I am indebted to Professors C. H. Fernald and J. B. Smith for the 
following names, which are new to the Canadian list ; excepting the 
geometer, which was identified by means of Packard’s monograph :— 


Plusia dyaus, Grote. ‘Taken by Anderson. This seems to be properly 
a more southerly species ; might easily be mistaken for precationis. 


Bomolocha citata, Grote. Taken by Anderson. Grote says : ‘‘Our smallest 
species. Expanse, 19 mm.” 


Bomolocha toreuta, Grote. ‘‘ Very recognizable from the whitish blotch 
on internal margin of primaries.”—Grote. 


LPetrophora testata, Linn. I took a single specimen of this handsome 
insect on the gth of August, 1894, and diligent search failed to secure 
another. As an example of “‘ unequal distribution,” I will mention 
that there are now five species of Petrophora, represented in the 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Society’s collection by single specimens, taken by myself, some of 
them many years ago, and have never met with another specimen of 
either of them. These are ¢estata, populata, var, Packardata, prunata, 
cunigerata, var. disjunctaria, silaceata, var. defluata. They are all 
European, as well as American, 


Elasmopalpus tartarellus, Zell. Anderson. 


Exartema micantana, Fernald, M. S. This species I find only in a 
marshy spot at the east end of the city. I have taken it in consider- 
able numbers during July for three seasons. 


Sericoris dealbana, Walk. 
" abietana, Fern., M. S. 


Semasia cineriana, Fern., M.S. I came upon this species resting on the 
flowers of a purple aster on the 24th of September, 1892. On the 
30th I got more, and on the roth of October yet more. In ’93 I saw 
two, but secured none ; in ’g4 I did not see one; the asters were all 
dried up before their time for appearing came. 


Semasia Goodelliana, Fern., M. S. 
Steganoptycha balliana, Fern., M. S. 


LEcdytolopha insiticiana, Zell. The larva of this moth is, in Prof. 
Fernald’s Synonymical Catalogue of N. A. Tortricidze, reported to be 
a borer in the stems of locust trees. 


Pseudogalleria inimicella, Zell. 


Depressaria argillacea, W\sm. 
" pulvipennella, Clem. 


The two last were taken by Anderson. 


We are requested to inform our Canadian subscribers that the 
Department of Agriculture of Ontario is very kindly issuing bound copies 
of the combined Reports, for 1894, of the Fruit Growers’ Association and 
the Entomological Society of Ontario. No copy, however, will be sent 

‘to any one who has not paid his subscription for the current year. . This 
difficulty may be overcome and the volume secured by at once sending 
the amount of arrears to Mr. J. A. Moffat, Victoria Hall, London, who 
will inform the Deputy Minister of Agriculture that such has been done. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 


“ 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
X. Tue Dytiscip& (DyTISCINI AND CYBISTRINI) OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The species included in the above tribes are all large or moderate 
sized insects, and among them are found those in which the perfection of 
specialization of the ¢ tarsi reaches the highest pitch. ‘he basal disks 
on the anterior feet often attain considerable dimensions, while occasionally 
we find three well-marked sizes of disks on the same foot—as, for example, 
in Aci/ius. These make beautiful preparations for microscopic study, the 
method of treating them being as follows: Cut off the leg a little below 
the knee, and place the severed piece in an aqueous 25/ solution of 
caustic potash for a few days, until it becomes nearly transparent. Then 
take out of the potash and place in soft water for twenty-four hours, next ° 
removing to strong alcohol for about the same length of time. If now 
placed in oil of cloves for several hours, it is ready to be mounted ona 
slide in the ordinary way for examination by transmitted light. A great 
deal depends on carefully watching while in the potash solution ; the 
specimen should not be so dark as to obstruct the light-rays to any very 
great extent, nor so transparent as to render the overlying parts to be 
separated with difficulty from the underlying, as in the latter case the 
chitin is often rendered so pliable as to lose the original form. Each 
species has its own arrangement of disk bearing hairs by which it may be 
separated from its congeners, though the resemblance is sometimes very 
close. 


For the sake of convenience, I have included both of the above tribes 
in one generic table; of the second, the genus Cydzster is the only 
representative, the tribal characters being given on page 72. 


A. Length, above an inch. 


Hind tarsi with one claw, anterior ¢ tarsi with four rows of equal 


disks... Bee ia : P oweec gc: hate oe .. Cybister. 
Hind tarsi Pain two cits, ‘anterior 4 tarsi wis two large and 
AVIAN TOUS Sma GISKS ais)... .'a.< mebeeeme cant s = 4 diana) witha pay CA PLESCHS. 


AA. Length scarcely exceeding half an inch. 
Peopurs of mind tibiceactte at tipia tesa s.+< i )-20-'4' « . ALY AREICUS. 
bb. Spurs of hind tibiz emarginate at apex. 
c. Elytra either sulcate (2) or with distinct, closely-placed 
MIOGEeTAtersizeds PUNCLUTES name: Gis.y' she vel ven « 9s es CUCL 


150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cc. Elytra hardly distinctly punctured, sometimes appearing very 
finely punctulate or partially aciculate. 

d. Middle thighs with long, conspicuous sete. . Zermonectes 

dd. Middle thighs with short, inconspicuous sete.Graphoderes. 

The emargination of the tips of the tibial spurs in the last three 

genera is very fine, and must be looked for with care, and a good lens. 

The other characters seem sufficiently evident if ordinary discrimination 
is used. 

Hypaticus, Leach. 


Three of these occur, which are distinguished with some difficulty, 
excepting in the case of well-marked individuals, which separate thus :— 
Above rufo-piceous, sides of thorax and of elytra obscurely rufo-testaceous, 

WO We Se TR A i022 NaN ae etna ors ale J Pecegs, Wee: 
‘Above piceous, thorax rufous with black basal fascia. Elytra with 

distinct yellow margin. 

Larger (.50 in.). Elytra with margin and usually a basal band from 
which extend four or five longitudinal lines, fulvous...stagna/is, Fabr. 
Smaller (.48 in.). Elytra with a submarginal yellow vitta, recurved at 
the humerus and attenuated to the end, which is behind the middle, 
margin rufous towards the tip..................bémarginatus, Say. 


Dytiscus, Linn. 

Eight species are on the Canadian lists, and are easily known from 
all other Dytiscide, except Cydéster, by their large size. The sides of the 
thorax and usually the front and hind margins are 
yellow, the outer margins of the elytra always so. 
They separate into groups according to the form of 
the labrum and of the hind coxal plates, the proc- 
esses of which extend slightly over the apparent 
bases of the hind legs, and are divergent and either 
‘rounded, simply acuminate, or spinose at tip. The 
females of some species have sulcate elytra, while 
others are smooth. The spiracles of all make very 
pretty objects for the microscope, being protected 
by dendroid hairs which fringe the margins, and well 
repay the trouble of preparation. In the following 
table I have substituted the name circumcinctus, 
Ahr., for anxius, Mann., following the opinion 
doubtfully expressed in the Henshaw Check List, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lol 


——— 


A. Labrum nearly truncate at middle, apices of coxal 
processes obtuse; thorax with all the margins 
yellow. 1.60 in. (fig. rr.).. Mee ot. 1h ar risi, Kirby: 
AA. Labrum distinctly endisindte's at ida 
b. Coxal processes not spinose at apex. 
c. Thorax with sides yellow, base and apex not or only indis- 
tinctly so. 
d. Body beneath reddish, margins of ventral 
segments and some other markings 
blieks.' o4—1.25 ims. needs oe Po. Jasciventris, Say. 
dd. Body beneath blackish or piceous. 
Elytral pale margin broad to apex. 
TOO HMM «cc +5", sens Ea te a levorides: Aubé, 
Elytral pale margin narrowing to apex 
and with oblique subapical fascia. 
r.28—1.35 in. ia eae arts . verticals, Say. 
cc. Thorax with all the fares afeeecly ana usually rather 
broadly yellow. 
Coxal processes bluntat tip. 1.20 in...swbdimbatus, Lec. 
Coxal processes acuminate. 1.32 1n...marginadis, Linn, 
bb. Coxal processes spinose at apex. 
Entirely pale beneath except the middle 
of the metasternum. 1.28 in.........ciércumcinctus, Ahr. 
Under side with black markings on margins of 
ventral segments and on metasternum. 
Bee het AO Mladic, «sls «Me yaa ey aS « os dauricus, Gebl. 


AciLius, Leach. 


The two known from Canada both have 
females with sulcate elytra, though /raternus 
has also a smooth form. They separate with 
difficulty, the main characters being these :— 

Fulvous above, head with base and an M- 
like mark on the vertex black ; thorax with two 
transverse black lines, the anterior larger. 
Elytra closely irrorated with black dots and 
with subapical yellow fascia, posterior femora 
slightly suffused with black at base. .50—.56 in. 
Fic ne. (fig 12.) semzsulcatus, Aubé, 


152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Darker, slightly larger, more densely punctured; the mark on the 
vertex is not defined, the thoracic lines are broader and the femora nearly 
black. The sulci of the 2 elytra are more abbreviated at base, while in 
the ¢ the tufts of hair on the inner edge of the three basal jcints of the 


intermediate tarsi are much less developed than in semsudcatus. Fraternus, 
Harr. 


THERMONECTES, Esch. 

Only one Canadian form, Z: dasilaris, Harr., a somewhat convex 
beetle, blackish above; head with the front and a transverse line on the 
vertex fulvous, thorax with sides and a median transverse line of the same 
colour. Elytra with the external margin, a sub-basal fascia and some 
vague irrorations yellowish. .36-.40 in. ‘ 


GRAPHODERES, Esch. 


Thorax fulvous, black on anterior and posterior margins ; head yellowish, 


the occiput and an M-like mark black. .50 in... ....cémereus, Linn. 
Smaller, testaceous, beneath rufous ; head in front, sides of thorax and of 
elytra yellowish. .46in... .... » lfiacaee ge «DICK Sposa 


According to late authorities, the ceeaeyeoraioae should give way 
to cinereus, and I have accordingly used the latter. 


CyBISTER, Curt. 


One very large insect, C. fimbriolatus, Say, represents the genus 
with us. It is of ovate form, nearly black, but with a greenish cast, the 
sides of the thorax and elytra with a broad yellow margin. In the @ the 
wing covers and thorax are finely strigose with short lines, the sutural 
region smoother. Length, about 1.20 in. 


The following are the titles of the more important works treating. of 
the American forms of the Dytiscide and Haliplide. All have been freely 
used in the preparation of the foregoing pages :— 

1838. Aubé., Ch. Spécies géneral des Hydrocanthares et Gyriniens. 
Paris. 

1855. Leconte, J. L. Analytical table of the species of Hydroporus 
found in the United States, with descriptions of new species. Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Phila., VII., pp. 290-299. 

1862. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the species of Colymbetes inhabit- 
ing America north of Mexico. Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci, Phila., pp. 


521-523. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'. 153 


1873. Crotch, G. R. Revision of the Dytiscidee of the United States. 
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., IV., pp. 383-424 

1882. Sharp, jie: On a Carhieorens Coleoptera or - Dytis- 
cide. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc., II., Ser. 2, pp. 179-1003. 

1883. Horn,G. H. Miscellaneous Notes and Short Studies of North 
American Coleoptera. Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc., X. (Dytiscidee, pp. 
276-284), 


ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF PLATYCERUS. 
BY THOS. L. CASEY, U. S. A., NORFOLK, VA. 


I am scarcely warranted in attempting a detailed table of this genus, 
because a number of species are known to me only by a single sex ; but 
in looking over the material, it can be readily perceived that there are two 
sections, the first represented by guercus, oregonensis and depressus, being 
characterized by great sexual differences in the mandibles, and the 
second, represented by all the other species, having the mandibies 
unmodified in the male. The second section may be divided into three 
groups: the first, represented by Agassii, pacificus and parvicollis, which, 
judging by analogy, have the hind tarsi long and slender in both sexes ; 
the second, composed of californicus and thoracicus, having the hind 
tarsi short, at least in the female ; and the third, with stout and triangular 
tibiz, at present represented by Acezz alone. 

The name of this genus is changed in the recent Catalogue of 
European Coleoptera, to Systenocerus, Weise, but while admitting the 
validity of the change, I do not think that Platycerus should include the 
species called Zucanus, by Scopoli and others, because it is probable that 
Geoffroy did not describe any species under the name Platycerus, and the 
genus Platycerus, Geoff., should therefore be regarded as not published. 
I have not been able to consult the original work of Geoffroy, however, and 
am not certain that my premises are correct. 

P. Keeni, n. sp.—Body very stout, convex, polished, blackish- 
castaneous in colour. Head small, coarsely and confluently punctate, 
two oblique subelevated areas of the occiput subimpunctate ; mandibles 
very small, the internal tooth at the middle small and broadly triangular ; 
antennze short, rufo-testaceous, the scape slightly longer than the funicle, 
the latter compact, the three outer joints increasing gradually in width 
but not prolonged ; club short, abrupt, compact, not so long as the funicle, 
three-jointed, the first abruptly, more than twice as wide as the last joint 


154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of the funicle, more than twice as wide as long and a little wider than the 
second, third with a broad sensitive terminal button. Prothorax large, 
one-half wider than long, widest and narrowly rounded at the middle ; 
sides feebly sinuate toward base, very strongly so when viewed sublaterally; 
apex broadly, feebly sinuate, much narrower than the base and scarcely 
more than one-half as wide as the disk, the latter convex, coarsely, 
sparsely punctate, the punctures closer near the apex, the surface rapidly 
declivous laterally, the side margins not reflexed. Scutellum well-developed, 
densely punctate. Zytra scarcely one-third longer than wide and but 
slightly more than twice as long as the prothorax, at base equal in width 
to the disk of the latter; humeri exposed, obtusely angulate; apex very 
broadly rounded; disk sparsely, moderately coarsely punctate, the 
punctures uneven in arrangement, with scarcely any trace of punctured 
series, alternate intervals subcostiform. Zegs moderate in length, very 
stout; femora coarsely, sparsely punctate; tibie triangular, very stout, 
coarsely, asperately punctate and seriately setose; tarsi short and 
stout, the posterior much shorter than the tibie. Hypomera setose. 
Length, 12.5 mm.; width, 5.7 mm. 

Queen Charlotte Island. 

Though somewhat allied to californicus, this species is readily 
distinguishable by its larger size, obese form, subcostulate elytra and very 
stout legs. The bilaterally symmetrical club may possibly be a sexual 
character, as I am under the impression that there is a specimen of cadi- 
Sornicus, in the cabinet of Mr. Rivers, having a similar antennal character ; 
if so, the hind tarsi of the ca/ifornicus group are short in both sexes. 

This interesting species was discovered by Rev. J. H. Keen, and 
the original specimen kindly given me for description by Mr. Wickham, 
with permission of Mr. James Fletcher, of Ottawa. It has recently been 
taken in abundance. 

P. thoracicus, n. sp.—Stout, convex, moderately shining, black, with 
a scarcely visible piceous tinge. Mead small, coarsely, confluently 
punctate, a median area at base subimpunctate ; mandibles very small ; 
antenne short, black, the scape slightly longer than the funicle, the latter 
a little longer than the club, with the joints compactly joined, the sixth 
scarcely wider and not inwardly prolonged ; club in great part sensitive, 
the two basal joints about twice as wide as long, more developed 
internally, the last transversely ovulate and eccentrically attached. Pro- 


thorax large, one-half wider than long. widest and more strongly. rounded. 


ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 


at basal third; sides rapidly convergent toward base and deeply sinuate 
at the basal angles, the latter right ; apex feebly sinuate, but slightly nar- 
rower than the base and two-thirds as wide as the disk, the latter feebly 
impressed along the basal margin, feebly explanato-reflexed at the sides, 
and coarsely, very closely punctate, the punctures sparser near the centre. 
Elytra nearly one-half longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as 
long as the prothorax, at base not as wide as the disk of the latter ; disk 
coarsely, not very closely, unevenly punctate, with tolerably uniform but 
tinevenly impressed series of coarser punctures. Legs moderate in length, 
rather slender ; femora remotely punctate ; tibize slender, not much wider 
at apex, with impressed series of asperate punctures, seriately setose; tarsi 
short, stout, but slightly more than one-half as long as the tibie. Hypo- 
mera coarsely and scarcely confluently punctate, very inconspicuously 
setose. Length, 11.0 mm.; width, 5.0 mm. 
California. 


Differs radically from Aeezz in the structure of the antennal club and 
tibie. It is related to cadifornicus, but differs conspicuously in its obese 
form and larger prothorax, and also in its coarser and much denser 
sculpture throughout. The types of both this species and Keewz are 
apparently females. 


NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. 


The advent of another collecting season finds me with a very large 
proportion of my last year’s captures still undetermined, and in many 
instances even unexamined. A few remarks, however, in regard to my 
success with the Hymenoptera may induce some of our younger members 
to pay more attention to this order. Probably 500 species were collected, 
a large proportion of which were of the smaller forms, and it seemed, 
indeed, that many of the larger species were much less numerous than in 
some seasons. Special attention was given to the collection of the micro- 
hymenoptera, for these are so poorly represented in Canadian collections. 
In making a rough summary of the species, I find about 125 species 
belonging to the Acu/eata, and too to the Phytophaga, the remainder 
being distributed among the different families of parasitic 
forms. There are many interesting additions to my collection, and 
many gaps have been filled in. Mr. Ashmead’s monograph of the 
Proctotrypids has made it abundantly evident that the knowledge of the 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Canadian species was very limited, and I made a special effort to obtain 
as many examples as possible. I took altogether about 350 specimens, 
and now find that over 50 species are represented. ‘This will give any 
collector an idea of what he may expect to secure if he have the necessary 
patience to preserve and mount so much small and inconspicuous material. 
In separating my species I have found most difficulty with the sub-family 
Belytine, in which several of the genera have proved stumbling- -blocks, 
which I attribute, however, to my deficient study of them, and not to any 
lack in the excellent work of Mr. Ashmead. As some of the species are 
still undetermined, a list would be imperfect, but the genera represented 
are as follows : 

Isobrachium, Anoxus, Perisemus, Goniozus, Gonatopus, Phorbas, 
Lygocerus, Megaspilus, Ceraphron, Aphanogmus, Telenomus, Prosacantha, 
Hoplogryon, Gryon, Caloteleia, Macroteleia, Hoploteleia, Scelio, Procto- 
trypes, Leptorhaptus, Acropiesta?, Belyta ?, Oxylabis, Cinetus, Pantoclis ?, 
Zygota, Aclista ?, Spilomicrus, Paramesius, Aneurhynchus, Galesus, 
Loxotropa, Tropidopria, Diapria, Ceratopria, Pheenopria, Basalys, Poly- 
mecus, Isocybus, Helorus. 

Among the additions to the Canadian fauna are the following :— 

Tsobrachium myrmacophilum, Ashm., ¢; Anoxus Chittendenii, 
Ashm., ¢; Goniozus foveolatus, Ashm., ¢ ; Gonatopus flavifrons, Ashm., 
2; Phorbas laticeps, Ashm., 9; Calotelcia Marlattii, Ashm., 6 9 ; 
Macroteleia virginiensis, Ashm., 92 ¢, and Hoploteleia floridana, 
Ashm., @. 

I have recently had the pleasure of examining a small coliection of 
Hymenoptera made by Mr. William Metcalfe, of Toronto, and which 
contained a few species not yet taken at Ottawa, and several others 


which are rare. Mention may be made of Cresus /aticulus, Nort., 9; 
Nematus similaris, Nort., 9 (the Locust saw-fly) ; Sccapteryx punctum, 
Prov., ¢; Macrophya pulchella, Klug. 25 Pamphilius ruficeps, Hargtn., 
2; Xyela minor, Nort., f 9; Lbalia maculipennis, Hald., 9; Zchneumon 
hospitus, Cress., 9; Mesostenus sagax, Prov., ¢ ; Cteniscus annulipes, 
Cress., 9; Xylonomus canadensis, Hargtn, 2; Ssobrachium myrme- 
cophilum, ahve, , 93 Lachytes crassus, Patton, 2 ?; Philanthus. ventt- 
labris, Fabri 3 Euspongus bipunctatus, Say, @; Cer atina tejonensis, 
Cressi, 

The last species is much like small specimens of C. dupa, Say, but ~ 
seems to be distinct by the strongly angulated femora. It has been 
recorded by Provancher (Faune Entomologique, Vol. II., p. over who 
received two specimens from Mr, Brodie, of ‘Toronto, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 


EUDRYAS STA. JOHANNIS REDIVIVUS. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


Readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST will recall the controversy 
_between Prof. Smith and myself as to the species described by Walker as 
Ludryas Ste. Johannis, the type of which was examined in 1867 by 
Grote & Robinson, and pronounced a distinct species allied to graza. I 
had supposed the insect owed its name to the St. John’s River, Florida, 
but, according to Mr. Smith (C. E., XXIV., 133), the type bore a label 
that it was taken on a church door in England. Mr. Smith, relying on 
the label, invented the theory that: “in some way the pupa of the insect 
was transported to England, and through the vicissitudes encountered an 
aberration was produced.” This writer has “no hesitation in referring the 
species as a suffused aberrant grata.” There is xo band on the hind 
wings, but, nevertheless, it is set down as a “‘ suffused” specimen of grata, 
which always, so far as known, “as a band! For my answer to this, see 
my paper, Can. Ent., XXV., 320, where, aided by Mr. Tutt’s memoranda 
as-to the given English locality on the label, I discussed the Avo and cox. 
of the above theory. Now I am in receipt of a letter from Mr. Schaus, 
that Eudryas Ste. Johannis has been re-discovered in Mexico. My kind 
correspondent writes: *‘ It wiil interest you to know that I have recently 
seen several specimens of Ludryas Ste. Johannis, Walk., from Mexico ; 
they were sent to Mr. Druce by a native who is now collecting.” Thus 
the theory of the “vicissitudes of the voyage” vanishes; the specific 
validity of Ste. /Johannis asserted by us in 1868, before Mr. Smith was 
(entomologically speaking) born, is vindicated. But more than this: the 
sequel shows that, instead of adopting the more credible theory that 
Walker’s “type” had in some way been provided with a label belonging 
to a different specimen, Mr. Smith thought it “ probable that in some way 
the pupa of the insect was transported to England.” Having pinned his 
faith to the label, Mr. Smith then constructed the theory of “ suffusion” to 
account for the differences, and then invented the “ vicissitudes of the 
voyage” to account for the “suffusion.” I think it is now plain that 
sufficient proof is offered that Mr. Smith blindly accepts a label, and that 
this throws light upon his work in his recent Catalogue, where he has 
accepted whatever Mr. Butler showed him as being Walker’s “types ” ; 
whereas the fact is, that Walker did not label his “types” as such, and 
the specimens now so designated have been shifted and sorted out by Mr. 
Butler, J have offered evidence that the specimens now shown as the 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


“types” of Acronycta cristifera, Xylina signosa, Hormisa absorptalis, 
are not the specimens seen in their original position by myself, Prof. 
Fernald, and Grote & Robinson. Probably other cases exist. The basis 
of a specific name is found in literature, not in a collection or a supposed 
“type.” A label may be changed or lost, a specimen may be substituted ; 
the description is clearly the only warrant for the name that cannot be 
altered. The manner in which Mr. Smith speaks of Walker’s and 
Gueneé’s “types,” as if he knew anything certain about the specimens 
shown him as such, his neglect in each and every case to compare the 
British Museum “type” with the Lists, stamps his method, pursued in 

e “Catalogue,” as uncritical, if not “unscientific.” Mr. Smith has 
made a number of remarks based on the fact that, in Mr. Neumoegen’s 
collection, I am supposed to have labelled some specimens (from 
memory) of difficult Agrotids wrongly. If the fact is really so, these 
determinations were never intended to be published, but the magnitude 
of my fault, amplified by Mr. Smith, really pales before the fact that, in 
the “ Revision,” Mr. Smith unites my cupidissima, orbis and letula, and 
invents another Exdryas Ste. Johannis theory (p. 25), that I haa ‘‘ con- 
founded two distinct species, one with open orbicula and one with, 
closed”; while in the Catalogue, after seeing my types, he separates as 
distinct the three species (p. 56), and abandons the positively stated 
theory of the “ Revision” without a word of apology. 

But though the mystery of Ste. Johannis is now cleared up, as to. 
the home of the species, and its undoubted validity, the « type” in the. 
British Museum is still without a certain locality. If Ste. Johannis is 
found in Mexico, may it not be found on the banks of the St. John’s 
River, in Florida, also? Is it not now somewhat probable that the ‘‘type” 
was really collected there by Doubleday? At any rate, Florida collectors 
will do well to look for the species, which belongs apparently to the 
Tropical fauna of America north of the Equator. We have, then, three 
allied species of the genus forming a group by themselves: gvaza, Fab.; 
Ste. Johannis, Walk., and cypris, Grt. As to the name for the genus, I 
have given the argument. No one living, probably, regrets more than I do 
that, in the strict letter of the law, we must abandon the beautiful Wood 


Nymph tor L£uthisanotia, and use for ¢imais, according to Berg’s 
restriction, the name Xazthopastis. Thus the type of Huthisanotia 
would be wzéo, and with this, drevipennis, Stretch, from California, seems 
strictly congeneric. I wish Mr. Dyar would examine Ste. Johannis and 
grata, to see if this group offers any structural distinctive characters, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 


—————— —_—_. 


REMARKS ON APATELODES SUGGESTED BY AN ARTICLE 
BY MR. SCHAUS. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A. M., NEW YORK. 


"Mr. Schaus, in describing some new species of South American 
moths (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1894, p. 233), casually refers the genus 
Apatelodes to the Eupterotide. As this genus has been placed among 
the Notodontidz by American authors, it may be worth while to examine 
the arguments for this position. 

The Eupterotide of Hampson are a series of mostly large moths 
from India, with geometriform markings, of a peculiar and rather charac- 
teristi¢ appearance. The body is proportionately rather small and 
slender, and the fringes of the wings are long. ‘heir hairy vestiture, 
broad wings and short cell suggest the Lasiocampide, where they are 
placed by Kirby. They are, however, frenate, and with the venation 
essentially of Notodontidz, but without the accessory cell. ‘Two genera, 
at least, are included (Gangarides and Cnethocampa), which differ con- 
siderably in habitus. In these, the body is stouter proportionately, the 
wings are narrower and the cell longer, while the general appearance 
suggests the Notodontide rather than the other Eupterotide. Mr. 
Hampson separates these families by the absence of the tongue in the 
Eupterotide ; but, as this member seems to be equally lacking in the 
notodontian Melelopha (Ichthyura), the separation seems hardly very 
sharp. 

Of the larve, I only know those of Cnethocampa (Thaumetcpcea, 
Hubn.). Unfortunately, these belong to the atypical section just referred 
to, and it is hardly fair to judge the Eupterotide by these. Very little. 
can be positively made out from figures, usually ; though that of the larva 
of Eupterota fabia seems to exhibit the same type of structure as Cnetho- 
campa. Judged on these data, the larval Eupterotide belong to the | 
Lymantriid section of the Noctuina, characterized by the presence of warts, 
three warts above stigmatal wart on the last two thoracic segments. They 
differ from the Lymantriidz by the reduction of wart v. instead of iv. and 
the presence of secondary hairs. 

To turn now to Apatelodes. In angedica there is a little accessory 
cell on a long stalk; but in forre/acta there is none, and veins 7-8 and 
9-10 arise as two pairs from a short furcation of the long stalk from apex 
of cell. The hind wings are frenate and the tongue is wanting. The 
habitus is not that of the typical section of the Eupterotide, but there is 


160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: 


nothing positive to distinguish it from the other group represented by 
Gangarides and Cnethocampa. 

The larva of torrefacta certainly possesses a fine development of 
secondary hairs; but so does Datana and, to a less degree, Malalopha. 
Unfortunately, the secondary coating is so well developed that the warts, 
even if present, are obscured, and I cannot make out their arrangement, 
on the thorax. On the abdomen, the pale spots representing the wart 
areas rather suggest the retaining of wart iv. at the expense of v.; but 
the character is so faint that nothing definite can be argued from it.: 

Thus we see that nothing at present contradicts the position assigned 
to Apatelodes by Mr. Schaus; though, on the other hand, nothing positive 
confirms it. Shall we add the family Eupterotide to our lists on this. 
evidence ? 

I would like to remark that if it should turn out, as I now suspect, 
that the Lasiocampide belong to the Lymantriid section of the Noctuina, 
and that Mr. Schaus is right in assigning Apatelodes to the Eupterotide, 
then the close resemblance of 4. angelica larva to a lasiocampid, to 
which I have referred [See Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VIIL, p. 229], 
may be better understood. 


A FEW POINTS IN COLLECTING ICHNEUMONID. 
BY G. C. DAVIS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH. 


The Ichneumonide have habits and peculiarities as distinctly their 
own as other families and orders of insects. In collecting them one 
will find, after a little experience, that certain species or even groups will 
frequent certain places where conditions are favourable and their host is 
likely to be found. 

The Pimpline, with long ovipositors, should be sought for in a 
‘ wooded region around dead or diseased wood, where their hosts, the 
borers, are at work. One of the best places I have found for collecting 
them is around piles of dead block-wood cut the preceding winter. 
They are most common in Michigan in June and early July. 
Xylonomus and Grotia may often be found as pupe in the hollow stems 
of shrubs in the spring, where they have already destroyed their host and 
are securely wrapped in a papery case of their own. ‘The portion of the 
subfamily with shorter ovipositors, such as Pzmpla and Glypta, apparently 
work on caterpillars, and are quite as common during the fall as in the 
summer. The Offzonine are much the most common in the fall. The’ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 


Ichneumonine and Cryptine are the earliest to appear; in fact, I have 
taken many hibernating specimens of /chneumon and Amb/yteles safely 
stored away amid the frost, in some old rotten log or under loose bark. 


In collecting species of /chneumon, Cryptus and Ophionine, I have 
had my best success by collecting along a dense, moderately high hedge- 
fence, and amongst bushes and low trees bordering a forest or a swamp. 
A person will succeed much better if he will select one spot and watch 
the specimens as they pass him, rather than to keep constantly on the 
move. Sometimes better success will come from selecting several spots 
not far from each other, and cellecting alternately from each one. 


Three years ago this season I accidentally happened on a little ruse 
that has since yielded me many rare specimens that otherwise I am sure 
I should never have obtained. It is merely trampling down a few of the 
bushes in some spot on the edge of the thicket where one wishes to 
collect. As an Ichneumonid comes along, it will almost invariably make 
a slight halt over or near the trampled vegetation. The halt, though 
hardly noticeable, is sufficient for one to scoop the specimen with the 
net. The rare /chneumon albomarginatus, Cr., is such a shy and rapid 
flyer that I was never able to capture one until this method was used. 
The wy of this method is probably explained by the fact that the bruised 
plants give off a similar odour to what they would were they eaten by 
some caterpillar, and the parasite halts to look for the cause of the odour. 


Late in the autumn, after frosts have killed the flowers, and larvze 
have mostly pupated, I have been very successful in collecting Z7ry- 
phonine and other Jchneumonide on a little isolated group of larches, 
located on our college grounds. ‘lhe parasites and wasps found some- 
thing to feed upon that attracted them for at least two weeks. There 
were no plant-lice to be found, and apparently it was the pitch or resin. 


The wingless Pezomachus I have most commonly found on herbaceous 
plants in waste places. The best method of securing them is by sweeping. 
A collector may have fair success in sweeping for other parasites, espe- 
cially the smaller species, but generally his catch will consist mostly of 
the commoner species. With a little practice, a collector will accustom 
his eye so that he will readily spy even the minute Ichneumonids as they 
approach him on the wing. Ofcourse, rearing parasites is a very desirable 
way of obtaining them, but we must both rear and collect if the greatest 
progress is to be made. . 


162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.—V. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 
-Genus Pulex (Division Ifl.) 
, TABLE OF SPECIES. 

A. Head gently and evenly rounded from occiput to mouth; eyes in 
anterior half of head, about equally distant from upper and lower 
edges ; antennal groove in middle of head ; mandibles reaching 
two-thirds: iof amtertoy: CO Rees vances le onis. es nce ahah eae Fa epee 


AA. Head more or less distinctly angled in front above, not evenly 
rounded from occiput to mouth ; head combs of 5 to 6 spines ; in 
anterior tarsi joint 1 equals 3; in middle tarsi joint 2 a little 
shorter than 5 ; in posterior tarsi joint 2 equals 5 and as long as 3 
and 4 together, while 1 is one-half longer than 2; abdominal 
segments with one row of bristles above and below ; posterior 

femora with a row-ot: bristlesson.the side... «.... «irae seven 


B. Abdominal segments above each with three rows of bristles, each 
row with 8 to 12 bristles on either side, below two rows, the first. 
with 4 to 7, the second with 6 to 7 bristles on either side ; eye 
small ; bristles on joint 2 of antenneze as long as joint 3 ; maxillary 
palpi in female with joint 2 two-thirds of 4, and 3 about one-half — 
of 4; labial palpi 5-jointed ; head combs with 1 or 2 spines on 
either side ; pronotal comb of 20 spines ; in middle tarsi joint 2 
three-fifths of 1, 2 one-fourth longer than 5, 5 more than twice 4, | 
and 1 as long as 3, 4 and 5 together ; in posterior tarsi joint 1 as 
long as 2 and 3 together; 5 a little more than one-third of 1, | 
while 2 is more than 3 and 4 together, and more than 4 and 5 
together ; apical spine on joint 2 of hind tarsi shorter than joint 
3; posterior femora without a row of bristles on the side ; colour, 
‘light reddish-brown ; length; female, 4 mm...............gigas. 

BB. Abdominal segments above each with one row a dail tibeeoe 5 to8 on 
either side ; below one row of 2 to 4 bristles on either side; eye 
very large ; bristles on joint 2 of antenne shorter than joint 3 ; 
maxillary palpi with joint 2 about equalling 4, and 3 two-thirds of 
4; labial palpi 4-jointed ; in anterior tarsi joint 3 three-fourths of ' 
2,5 about two and one-half times 4, and less than 1 and 2 together; 
in middle tarsi 2 one-half longer than 1, 5 two and one-half or 
three times 4, 1 about equalling 3 ; in posterior tarsi joint 5 more 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 163 


than one-half of 1, 2 as long as 3 and 4 “oaths posterior femora 

ih a vow Gr uristles aN tlie ide.’ Wee is Dey aN Maar te aire £4 

C. Head combs of 6 to 9 spines, Pentel comb ar 14 to 18 spines ; in 
; anterior tarsi joint 3 about equals 1 ; in middle tarsi 2 equals 5 or 
less ; in posterior tarsi r as long as 2 and 3 together, and 2 less 

than 4 and 5 together; apical spines on joint 2 of hind tarsi 

as long or longer than joint 3; male claspers oval, the broad 
portion pointing up and back, thickly finely haired around the 
upper end; colour, dark brown above, lighter below; length : 
female, 2.5-3 mm.; male, 1.5-2 mm.............+...serraticeps. 


CC. Head combs of 2 to 3 spines, pronotal comb of 6 spines ; in anterior 
tarsi joint 3 longer than 1; in middle tarsi joint 2 one-fifth longer 
than 5 ; in posterior tarsi 1 about one-third longer than 2, 2 one- 
fourth longer than 5 ; apical spine on joint 2 of hind tarsi longer 
than joints 3 and 4 together ; male claspers inverted shoe-shaped, 
the toe pointing backward, moderately hairy above ; colour, dark 
brown ; length: female, 3 mm. ; male, 2.5 mm. erinacel. 


D. Maxillary palpi with joint 2 as long as 3 and 4 fawether: and 3 three- 
fourths of 4: head obtusely angled i in front above ; eye large, at 
the middle, and nearer the upper than the lower edge ; antennz in 
posterior half of head ; bristles on joint 2 as long as joint 3 ; labial 
palpi 4-jointed ; mandibles reaching to end of anterior trochanters ; 
pronotal comb of 16 spines ; in anterior tarsi joint 3 three- fourths 
of 2. 4 shorter than 3, 5 as long as 2, 3 and 4 together; in middle. 
tarsi 3 slightly longer than 4, I much longer ; apical spine on 
second joint of posterior tarsi longer than joints 3 and 4 together ; 
dorsal rows of bristles on abdominal segments with 5 to 8 bristles 
on either side, ventral with 2 to 4 on either side ; male claspers as 
in erimacei, except not so rounded, and very thickly | hairy 
above ; colour, dark brown ; pee : female, 1.75-2.25 mm. ; male, 
20) e nea os ..dmaegualis, Ni. Sp. 


DD. Maxillary ale with emai of equal length ; head sharply angled in ' 
front above ; eye moderate, in anterior half of head, and about 
equally distant from upper and lower edges ; mandibles reaching 
to two-thirds of anterior coxe ; pronotal comb of 12-spines ; in ° 
anterior tarsi joint 5 nearly as long as 2, 3 and 4 together ; in 
middle tarsi 3 as long as 4, 1 a little longer; male claspers narrow, » 
curved backward, thickly haired above ; colour, yellowish brown ; 
length, 2 mm.............-. --4 Ruueaasiils & iseavec) s, 27-3 SORLOCED IEDM 

Pulex gigas, Kirby. 

1837. Kirby, Faun. Boreali-Amer. IV., p. 318, pl. 6, fig. 9 (P. gigas): 
I have referred to this species, specimens taken on cotton-tail rabbit 
at Lansing, Michigan. ‘The spines on the cheeks are easily overlooked, 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and often broken entirely off. It is one of the largest and most well- 
marked of the known North American fleas. Ritsema, to whom the 
species was unknown, suggested that it might possibly be identical with 
_Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps. This was, however, merely a guess, as it 
does not bear the slightest resemblance to that species. It was orginally 
described from specimens taken in Canada. 


Pulex serraticeps, Gervais. 

1832. Duges, Ann. d. Sci. Nat. XXVII., p. 157, pl. 4, fig. 2, 5-9 
(P. canis). 

1835. Bouche, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol. XVII., 1, p. 505 
(P. felis). 

1844. Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Apteres. III., p. 371, pl. 48, 
fig. 8 (P. serraticeps). 

This is the common cat and dog flea, well-known from all parts of 
the world. Besides various wild cats and dogs, it has been reported from 
fer pestes ichneumon, Foetorius putorius, Hyaena striata, Lepus timidus, 
and Procyon Jotor. It is also stated to occasionally sip human blood. I 
have specimens from various parts of North America, and also from 
Europe. . 

Pulex erinacet, Bouche. 


1835. Bouche, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol. XVII., 1, p. 507 
(P. erinacei). 

I have received a series of specimens of this species from Dr. 
Taschenberg, taken in Germany on Erinaceus europeus, which is the only 
known host, 

Pulex inaequalis, n. sp. 

Mr. A. B. Cordley sent me a series of specimens of this species 
taken on cotton-tail and jack rabbits, near the Grand Canon in Arizona. 
It seems to be the North American representative of gonzscephalus, but 
differs very widely from that species as described and figured by Dr. 
Taschenberg. <A variety of this species, which I will call var. sémplex, 
occurs on a species of Zepfus in Michigan. It-may eventually prove to 
be a good species, but it bears such a close resemblance to zzaeguadis 
that.I cannot at this time recognize it as more than a variety of that 
species. The slightly larger size, 2.5 mm., the head combs of 8 spines, 
and the pronotal comb of 14 spines, will separate it from the typical form, 
while the proportions of the tarsal joints and other details are nearly 
identical. 

Pulex. goniocephalus, Taschenberg. 

1880, Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 82, pl. IIL, fig. 20 (P. gonio- 
cephalus. 

Recorded from Europe as occurring on hares and rabbits, Capra 
tbex, and Canis vulpes. 

[vO BE CONTINUED. | 


Mailed June 5th, 1895. 


The analy ama 


“VOL. XXVIL LONDON, JULY, “1895. No. 7. 


LIST OF COLEOPTERA COLLECTED | AT MASSETT, QUEEN 
CHARLOTTE ISLANDS} B.C: 


BY. “REV. J; Ho KEEN. 


The beetles enumerated below were all taken within a circle of five 
miles’ radius from Massett, on the Northern Shore of Graham Island— 
the most northerly of the Queen Charlotte group. ‘This area, though 
small, is considerably diversified, and favourable to coleopterous life: The 
island here is flat, and covered with a forest of spruce and hemlock, with 
a sprinkling of alder. The soil is sandy, and for the most part dry. The 
coastline includes a stretch of level sand reached only by the highest 
_ tides, and strewn with driftwood ; a protected pebbly beach and a tract of 
rough stones, also covered by the high tides. The sandy beach I find most 
productive, many even inland insects appearing to fall on the loose sand, 
and, being unable to rise, crawl for shelter under the driftwood. Hills 
and fresh-water streams (of any size) are absent, and I quite expect these 
situations, which occur in other parts of the island, to yield, when 
examined, several additional species. 


_ These islands enjoy a temperate, though extremely humid, climate. 
Sunshine is rare, rain of almost daily occurrence. Snow seldom falls in 
any quantity, and usually disappears quickly. ° Once in six or eight years 
the thermometer falls to zero ; usually, however, a few degrees of frost 
mark the extreme of cold, No regular meteorological record is, I regret 
' to say, kept here. 


As intimated above, this list does not pretend to exhaust the Coleop- 
tera of the locality ; indeed, fresh species are still constantly occurring. 
It has been thought well, however, to print the list as it at present stands, 
and to supplement it with another at a later date. 

I should like to express here my great indebtedness to my friend, 
Mr. James Fletcher, of Ottawa, as well as to the learned specialists whose 
aid he has enlisted in the preparation of this list. Mine has been simply 
the easy and pleasant work of collecting the specimens ; their’s, the diffi- 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


cult and complicated task of determining and collating them. Bearing 
this in mind, the reader will find no difficulty in rightly apportioning 
whatever commendation he may have to bestow. 


[The extremely interesting collection of Coleoptera, of which the 
following list gives the names of those species up to the present identified 
with certainty, has been made by the Rev. J. H. Keen during the past 
three years. It was hoped to have published with each species extensive 
notes and figures of several new to science which Mr. Keen has discovered ; 
but this proves to be impossible just now. As so little is known of the 
fauna of the Queen Charlotte Islands, every care has been taken to ensure 
the correct identification of the species. Thanks are particularly due to 
the following specialists who have given much time to examining and 
naming the different species and comparing them with Eastern forms :— 
Dr. J. Hamilton, Dr. C. V. Riley, Mr. L. O. Howard, Dr. Geo. H. Horn, 
Capt. T. L. Casey, Mr. H. F. Wickham, and Mons. A. Fauvel, of Caen, 
France. Figures (now in course of preparation) and descriptions of new 
species, together with fuller notes of the rarer species, will appear later. 
The numbers given are those of Henshaw’s list.—J. FLETCHER. | 


96. Cychrus marginatus, Fish,—Not uncommon. 

96. Cychrus marginatus, Fish., var. Fulleri, Horn.—Common under 
logs in woods from May onwards. Several times taken in act 
of feeding on snails. 

106. Cychrus tuberculatus, Har.—Frequent under logs from April 
onwards. 
169. Loricera 10-punctata, Esch._-Rare. In moss near lake in February. 

176, Notiophilus sylvaticus, Esch.—Occasionally under logs in warm, 
dry places. 

180. Leistus ferruginosus, Mann.—Occasionally under rotten bark of 
prostrate logs. 
184. Nebria diversa, Lec.—Numerous in spring with VV. Sah/bergi under 
driftwood on beach. 
195. Nebria Sahlbergi, Fish.—Frequent under logs on beach ‘from May 
onwards, 

221. Dyschirius 3-dentatus, Lec.—Numerous on gravelly beach at high- 
water mark in June. 

315. Bembidium erasum, Lec —Not common. Ground, July 22, 18gr. 


375. Bembidium indistinctum, Dej.—Numerous on sandy banks of salt — 


inlet. 


prince 


425 


426. 


484. 
500. 
503. 
508. 


509. 
583- 
653. 
657. 
670. 
1164, 
1168. 
3275. 
1349. 
1352. 


1379- 
1422. 
1459. 
1474- 
1492. 
1529. 
1551. 


1646. 


1653. 
1665. 


1676. 


1670. 
1680. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 


Bembidium spectabile, Mann.—One specimen. 

Bembidium oblongulum, Mann.—Scarce. Under logs at edge of 
ponds. 

Trechus ovipennis, Mots.—Not common. Under logs on beach 

Pterostichus crenicollis, Lec.—Common from April onwards. 

Pterostichus validus, Dej.—Not rare. 

Pterostichus amethystinus, Dej—Common. Seen zz cop. Feb- 
ruary 26th. 

Pterostichus castaneus, Dej.—Rare. Under bark. 

Pterostichus Luczotii, Dej—Com non all summer on grassy beach. 

Amara scitula, Zimm.—One only in June. 

Amara impuncticollis, Say.— Abundant. 

Amara interstitialis, Dej.— Rare. 

Tachycellus nigrinus, Dej. 

Tachycellus badiipennis, Hald.—Not rare ; in grass tufts. 

Bidessus affinis, Say.— Very common. 

Hydroporus tartaricus, Lec —Occurs sparingly. 

Hydroporus tristis, Payk.—Abundant throughout year. Seen zw 
cop. on March 25th. 

Ilybius subeeneus, Er.—Common. 

Agabus eeruginosus, Aubé.—Common. 

Rhantus binotatus, Harr.—Common. 

Colynibetes exaratus, Lec.—Occasional. 

Acilius semisulcatus, Aubé.— Occasional, 

Gyrinus picipes, Aubé.—Numerous in ponds from May onwards. 

Helophorus inquinatus, Mann.—Under driftwood in sandy beach, 
23rd May, 1893. 

Hydrobius scabrosus, Horn.—Not rare; on submerged logs in 
running streams. 

Hydrobius fuscipes, L.—Very rare. May. Shallow ponds. 

Cercyon fimbriatus, Mann.— Abundant in rotten sea-weed, June— 
August. 

Cercyon adumbratus, Mann. 

Cercyon humeralis.—Common in decaying grass, On wing during 
March and April. 

Cercyon fulvipennis, Mann. 

Cercyon analis, Payk.—Frequent under excrement in summer, 

Cercyon lateralis, Marsh.—Common, 


168 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


1692. 


Leptinus testaceus, Miill.—Froma living shrew, September 9, 1892. 


(gota. Necrophorus Melsheimeri, Kirby.—Abundant from May onwards. 


1702: 


176. 


Pats: 


1716 


Necrophorus vespilloides, Hbst.—Occasional. 

Silpha lapponica, Hbst. 

Necrophilus hydrophiloides, Mann.—Abundant, especially during 
winter. Active under carrion even during snow. 

Pelates latus, Mann.—Abundant under logs and loose bark. Seen 
in cop. February 16th. 

Agyrtes longulus, Lec.—January 3. In flood refuse. Several 
taken. 


. Sphzerites glabratus, Fab.--Common during summer, under carrion. 


Pinodytes cryptophagoides, Mann. From June to September, 
under logs. 


. Catoptrichus Frankenhuseri, Mann.— Somewhat rare. Under 


carrion in autumn. 


. Choleva egena, Horn.-—Two skimmed from surface of flood refuse 


in meadow, 14th Oct., 1893. 


- Cnoleva luridipennis, Mann. (also one specimen of a black variety). 


Abundant during autumn, under carrion. 


. Ptomaphagus pusio, Lec.—Rare in hen’s nest, 6th November, ’gr. 


Hydnobius, probably n. sp.—lIn rotten grass, 17th June, 1892. 


. Anisotoma humeralis, Horn.—January 3. In flood refuse. A few 


taken. 


. Agathidium concinnum, Mann.—Under bark in December. Not 


common. 


. Agathidium rotundulum, Mann,—Rare. Under carrion. January 


3. In flood refuse. Abundant. 


. Agathidium pulchrum, Lec.— Rare. Taken from mud _ gallery 


made by ants on trunk of dead alder. 


. Scydmeenus biformis, Makl—Not common. In moss at tree roots 


in February. 


. Batrisus frontalis, Horn.—Not common. In ants’ nests. 


. Bryaxis albionica, Mots.—Occasionally in winter, in moss at tree 


roots. 


. Faronus parviceps, Makl..— One specimen taken on wing in 


September. 
Homalota granularis, Mann.—Common in sea-weed, 


© 


THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 169 


2026, Homalota maritima, Mann.—Common. Frequents stones near 
low-water mark on beach. 
2027. Homalota picipennis, Mann.—Numerous in June, under excrement. 
2033. Homalota geniculata Makl.—Common on beach in loose dry sand 
3 near high-water mark. Under driftwood. Shaken from rotten 
sea-weed, June 3. Emerged and took flight on sand being 
pressed, April and May. 
2036. Homalota comparabilis, Makl.—One taken in April, under drift- 
wood on sandy beach. 
2039. Homalota fucicola; Makl.—June 3 ; in rotten sea-weed. 
2040%. Homalota atricornis, Fol— Not common. Under excrement in 
August. 
Homalota fungi, Grav.i—Common under excrement during sum- 
mer ; rotten grass in June; occasionally in turf in winter. 
Homalota ingrata, Fvl.—Numerous under carrion in May. Jet 
black. Legs dusky yellow. 
Aleochara californica, F vl. 


2056. Aleochara castaneipennis, Mann., var. with rufous elytra.—Com- 
mon under carrion, all summer. 


2057. Aleochara sulcicollis, Mann.—Numerous under rotten sea-weed. 
2058. Aleochara cognata, Makl. 
_, Aleochara littoralis, Makl.—Under driftwood on beach. 
2064%. Oxypoda crassicornis, Fvyl.—January 4. Common in flood refuse. 
9292. Autalia elegans, Casey.— Numerous in August. 
| Bryobiotos Keeni, Fvl., n. sp.—Occasional in: June, under stones 
on sandy beach, between tide marks. Larve in same place. 
Phytosus Fletcheri, Fvl.—Rare ; taken in May under driftwood. 
2071. Belitochara notata, Makl.—(=Californica, Casey). — Occasional ; 
under bark. One in June, 1893, in rotten grass. Three on 
carrion in March. 
2075. Leptusa.—Occasionally under bark. March to October. 
Heterothops asperatus, Fvl., n. sp.—Several taken in April, under 
driftwood on sandy beach. 
9479. Quedius erythrogaster, Mann.—Rare; in manure heaps in May 
and June. 
2101. Quedius sublimbatus, Makl.—Occasional ; in moss in winter. 
Quedius marginalis, Makl—Occurs occasionally in summer in 
rotten grass. 


170 


—_— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 


2103. 
2100. 
2119. 
2120. 


2149 


215C. 
221 4. 
222i. 
222.0 


2258. 


2259. 
2261. 


2264. 


2298. 
2511s 
ZasA: 
2427. 


2565. 


2566. 


2606. 
2607. 
2627. 


2659. 
2664. 


2746. 


Quedius capucinus, Grav.—Common during summer. 
Quedius levigatus, Gyll. 
Creophilus villosus, Grav.—Common. 
Hadrotes crassus, Mann.—Abundant in rotten sea weed. 
Philonthus zneus, Rossi.—Common under carrion in summer, 
" furvus, Nord. 
" Siegwaldi, Mann. 
" nigritulus, Grav. 
" picipennis, Makl. 
Cafius canescens, Mann.—Common under rotten sea-weed ; under 
log on sandy beach, April 28. 
Cafius seminitens, Horn.—Common. 
Cafius luteipennis, Horn.—Not uncommon during spring, under 
logs on sandy beach. 
Cafius femoralis, Mak].—Frequent in April, under driftwood or 
sandy beach. . a 
Baptolinus macrocephalus, Nord.—Common, under-bark. 
Stenus Juno, Fab.—Under log, in March and June; not numerous. 
Stenus brevipennis, Makl.—Dec. ro ; in moss, in March. 
Stenus adspector, Makl.—Abundant in turf at all times. 


Actocharis.—? March 3 ; under log on beach. 


Haida Keeni, Fvl.—Not common. Found in moss at roots of 
trees, in December. 


Liparocephalus brevipennis, Makl.—In autumn, swarming under 
stones on the Massett beach. 


Liparocephalus cordicollis, Lec. 


Diaulota insolita, Casey.—Common in August, on barnacle-covered 
stones on beach. 

Tachinus maculicollis, Makl.—In fungi, in August. 

Tachinus semirufus, Horn.—Occasionally under rotten fruit,in July. 

Tachinus Crotchu, Horn.—Numerous in summer, in rotten grass. 

Boletobius cingulatus, Mann. 

Boletobius 3-notatus, Er.—QOn fungi, in August ; occasional. 


Mycetoporus seriaticollis, Fv], n. sp.— Rare. Moss. A few taken 
in flood refuse, in December. 

Bledius albonotatus, Makl.—Numerous in May ; burrowing in sand 
between tide marks, 


2753: 
2763. 


2785. 


2812. 
2817. 
2820. 
2823. 


2824. 
2835. 


2838. 
2841. 


2843. 
2847. 


9354: 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Kal 


Oxytelus fuscipennis, Mann.—Common throughout summer, under 
excrement. 

Haploderus linearis, Lec.—Very numerous ‘on under side of planks 
on ground, in March ; occasional in rotten grass, in October. 
Ancyrophorus biimpressus, Makl.—Common among rotten leaves 

in woods, in winter. 

Thinobius pygmzus, Casey.—Numerous on pebbles between tide 
marks, in June. 

Amphichroum testaceum, Mann.—Numerous in May, on skunk 
cabbage. 

Amphichroum maculatum, Lec.— Beaten from spruce trees, in April 
and May. 

Tanyrhinus singularis, Mann.—March 18, on under side of log near 
small stream. ‘Three only, though carefully sought for. 

Trigonodemus striatus, Lec. var. or nov. sp.—lIn flood refuse, 13th 
October, 1893. . 

Lathrimeum subcostatum, Makl.—Often beaten from spruce, from 
May onwards ; also under carrion. 

Lathrimeum fimetarium, Makl.—Abundant under carrion during 
spring and autumn. 

Lathrimzum Keeni, Fvl., n. sp.—Several in rotten sea-weed, in June. 

Acrulia tumidula, Makl.—Common throughout year, under bark ; 
occasionally under carrion, in November. 

Homalium strigipenne, Makl. 

Homalium pusillum, Grav.—Under chips in woods, May 30. 
Common. Seen zz cop.in June. \Vhole body reddish, blotched 
with black. 

Homalium arpedinum, Fvl., n. sp—Common in April and May, 
under loose bark of felled spruce. 

Homalium foraminosum, Makl. 

" humile, Mak. 

Homalium irregulare, Fv}. 
other blossoms. 


Abundant during May, in crab and 


Homalium algarum, Casey.— Under logs and driftwood on sandy 
beach, May, November. 

Homalium concinnum, Marsh.—Common. under manure. One in 
wasp’s nest, August 24, 1894. 


72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIsT. 


— 


Homalium striatum, Grav., var.-—One or two under carrion, in — 


December. 
Homalium florale, Payk, var.—One under carrion, in March. 
2863. Anthobium pothos, Mann, 
2871. Orobanus simulator, Lec.—In moss on submerged log in running 
stream, April 7. Two only taken. 
2878. Protinus limbatus, Makl.—Occasional, in rotten fungi, in SE picne 
2878a. 1 Maklini, Fvl.—One taken on wing, March 23, 
1 brachyvterus, Fab. 
Protinus basalis, Makl.—Abundant during spring and ivauead 
under carrion. Seen zz cop. November 13. 
2882. Megarthrus pictus, Mots.—Occurs sparingly, from April onwards. 
In rotten grass, in September. 
2886. Megarthrus atratus, Makl.—Not common. Under excrement, in 
July. ; 
Triogonurus nebrioides, Fvl.—Rare, under loose chips lying on 
dry spruce log, in August. ioe 
2906. Micropeplus laticollis, Makl.—Rare. Found in April, under chips. 
2907. Micropeplus punctatus, Lec.—Several taken in June on bank of small 
stream. They emerged on water being thrown on the bank. 
2912. Micropeplus brunneus, Makl.—Frequent during June and July, on 
newly-cut spruce logs, under half-detached chips. Seen zz cop. in 


June. (TO BE CONTINUED ) | 


ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 
FROM J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ONT.: 

Mr, C. G. Anderson, of this city, has a friend who is an electric-light 
trimmer, and began last summer taking the insects that he could con- 
veniently secure whilst on his rounds of duty. When looking over this 
material recently, Mr. Anderson observed a sphinx moth that seemed 
strange to him; so he brought it to me to determine, when it proved to 
be Dilophonota ello, Linn., which is the first reported appearance of this 
Southern moth that I have heard of since the autumn: of 1886,.when a 
number of specimens of it were taken by various persons in different 
parts. of the country. 

Whilst “ sugaring” on the 24th of April, Mr. Anderson found on the 
side of a tree a Catogenus rufus, Fab., as a male, paired with a Cucujus 
clavipes, Fab., as the female. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


173 


THE INSECT FAUNA OF THESUDBURY DISTRICT, ONTARIO. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON. 
(Continued from page 146.) 


* 


LUCANID&. 
Platycerus depressus, Lec.... 23 
SCARABAIDA. 
Aphodius fossor, Linn... 7h 
" hameas, Say... ... 2 
" fimetarius, Linn... 37 
" crassulus, Horn. I 
" granarius, Linn.... 9 
" WittatuS,Say-.0.4... TI 
" inquinatus, Hbst... 1 
" leopardus, Horn... 2 
Dichelonycha elongata, Fab.. 88 


" subvittata, Lec. 163 
Serica vespertina, Gyll....... 
Diplotaxis tristis, Kirby... .. 2 
Lachnosterna fusca, Froh.... 


1O 


10 


" insperata, Smith 5 
Euphoria fulgida, Fab ..... I 
Osmoderma scabra, Beauv... 1 
Prichius. atlinis,.Gory.- 1... 73 

CERAMBYCIDA. 

Asemum meoestum, Hald..... 60 
Criocephalus agrestis, Kirby.. 16 

Tetropium cinnamopterum, 
Kirby... Ae ee 4 
Be inatodes dichidiatend, aby. 18 
Merium proteus, Kirby...... I 
Calloides nobilis, Say........ I 
Xylotrechus sagittatus, Germ. 15 
" colons; shape. t 


" undulatus, Say.. 62 
" lunulatus, Kirby. 6 
" interruptus, Lap. 4 
Clytanthus ruricola, Oliv... .. 6 


Rhagium lineatum, Oliv..... 


& 


Pachyta monticola, Rand.... 1 
" Miirata;” Kirby et5, 042 

" rugipennis, Newm... 1 
Acmeops proteus, Kirby...... 83 
" pratensis, “aich!) 54 
Gaurotes cyanipennis, Say.... i6 
Bellamira scalaris, Say....... 5 
Typocerus velutinus, Oliv.... 2 
Leptura subhamata, Rand.... 5 
n  sexmaculata, Linn. 22 

(ep msnellas Says... ws 16 

ihe “eanadensis, Fabi.... az 

1 erythroptera, Kirby.. 14 


ie wusameulibeae ECG <a a.o3' ym 


1 chrysocoma, Kirby... 256 
" proxima, Say... 14 
i THOUS INE WAIN. 2 coisa 3 
ue? Nope Chaise Ter is hire oy ore I 
i avittatas Genms. sc 2is eo.) r 
1 spheericollis, Say... .. 4 
1 mutabilis, Newm.. 16 
he avinidnpenmisy,cald:.:.) 3 


Monohammus scutellatus, Say. 77 

T confusor, Kirby 47 
Hyperplatys maculatus, Hald. 1 
Acanthocinus obsoletus, Oliv. 2 


Pogonocherus_penicellatus, 
Serer ated a aches 

sapere moesta, ieee BRAVE Tom | 

Oberea ruficollis, Bane Cpe! ety hd I 

CHRYSOMELID&, 

Donacia palmata, Oliv....... IO 
" PIscatiNehaGws 2... I 
" proxima, Kirby... .. IO 
" subtilis, Kunze..... 1 


174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Donacia zqualis, Say....... 8  Crepidodera Helxines, Linn . 56 
ate) COmMrusa, MGC ey tain 3 Systena hudsonias, Forst...... 19 
@rsodachnaatra, Abr. 270. 54, Phyllotreta vittata, Habe 0225.9 
Syneta ferruginea, Germ..... 15 Psylliodes punctulata, Melsh.. 4 
Cryptocephalus 4-maculatus, Odontota nervosa, Panz...... 2 
Saysc ee ee oe aes MOD TENEBRIONIDA, 
*Cryptocephalus venustus, Fab. 5 Phellopsis obcordata, Kirby.. 5 
Pachybrachys femoratus, Oliv. 2 Iphthimus opacus, Lec... .. 9g 
" infaustus, Hald. 2 Upis ceramboides, Linn...... 83 
Diachus auratus, Fab... 4 Haplandrus concolor, Lec. .. 25 
Se ete pallidicornis, Suffr... 7 Tenebrio tenebrioides, Beauv.. 5 
Xanthonia 1o-notata, Say...- 4  Blapstinus interruptus, Say... 1 
Adoxus ‘vitis, Suiits sec: ei 34 Tribolium madens, Charp.... 
Chrysochus auratus, Fab... .. 2 Platydema americanum, Lap. 41 
Paria catella; Habom pseu oS Hypophleus parallelus, Melsh. 59 
N > MeMOtata Sayeed sears oe Boletophagus corticola, Say... 1 
Prasocuris obliquata, Lec.... 1 CISTELIDA. 
Doryphora ro-lineata, Say...- 5 Hymenorus niger, Melsh. ... 2 
Chrysomela elegans, Oliv... .. Bees " communis, Lec . 1 
" Philadelphica, Linn 11 Isomira quadristriata, Coup.. 14 
" Spvass, Woavaelera a)" 63 LAGRIID. 
" Bigsbyana, Kirby. 14 | Arthromacra enea, Say...... 126 
Gastroidea polygoni, Linn.... 21 MELANDRYID&, 
Lina lapponica, Linn........121 Penthe obliquata, Fab........ 1 
455) Sptipta, Pabaweereain: vie Melandrya striata, Say....... 
Gonioctena pallida, Linn..... 22 Emmesa connectens, Newm. ae 
Phillodecta vulgatissima, Linn. 1  Phryganophilus collaris, Lec.. 12 
Phyllobrotica discoidea, Fab.. 16 Xylita levigata, Hellw....... 78 
Diabrotica 12-punctata, Oliv.. 1 Scotochroa atra, Lec........ 4 
Adimonia rufo-sanguinea, Say. 1 Serropalpus barbatus, Schall.. 3 
Galeruca sagittaria, Gyll..... 3 Eustrophus confinis, Lec..... 1 
" GECOLA, Say fat a. 2 LS 5 Mt repandus, Horn. I 
(Edionychis quercata, Fab... . Stenotrachelus arctatus, Say. 2 
Disonycha alternata, Ill..... 5 pate Is 
Haltica bimarginata, Say.... 127 Crymodes discicollis, Lec... . 167 
Boros unicolor, Say... ......0 (28 
»  chalybea, Ill........ Pytho americanus, Kirby... .. 74 
" carinata,Germ...... 6 Priognathus monilicornis, 
" incerta seer sis 2.4 Randi) inner ere 


ait i 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 
OEDEMERID&. Hylobius confusus, Kirby. ...504 
Calopus angustus, Lec....... 4 | Hypomolyx pineti, Fab...... 2 
Ditylus ceruleus, Rand...... 5 Dorytomus mucidus, Say..... 22 
MORDELLIDA. " brevieollis, bec.) . >. 2 
Anaspis nigra, Hald......... 5 " longulus, Lec.... 3 
‘ flavipennis, Hald.... 7 Procas Lecontei, Bedel.... . I 
Mordella borealis, Lec...... I Lissorhoptrus simplex, Say... 17 
‘ melena, Germ..... t *Magdalis hispoides, Lec..... I 
4 scutellaris, Fab.... 6 Anthonomus scutellatus, Gyll. 1 
" marginata, Melsh... 1 " signatus, Say.... 13 
Mordellistena scapularis, Say. 1 " helvolus, Boh... 4 
eceen eras i" rufipennis, Lec.. 7 
Nematoplus collaris, Lec..... I : corwulis, Lec... 3 
Anthicus formicarius, Laf.... 3 M crategi, Walsh... 
PYROCHROIDA. Orchestes nicer) Horn....).0.. -i5 
Dendroides concolor, Newm.. 4 Elleschus bipunctatus, Linn.. 47 
CME Onnee " ephippiatus, Say... 8 
*Meloe impressus, Kirby...... 2 Cryptorhynchus bisignatus, 
iw americanus, Leach..... 3 Se I 
Macrobasis unicolor, Kirby... 51 Ceutorhynchus decipiens, Lec. 1 
* Pomphopcea Sayi, eas 2a AA SCOLYTID. 
RHINOMACERID. : BA's 
x : Pityophthorus materiarius, 
Rhinomacer pilosus, Lec..... 3 Tite ee eno Sara a 
Re ge iia hee iss Pityophthorus peu: 1 a 
; Xyloterus bivittatus, Kirby... 21 
sdutaneihan Xyleborus celatus, Eich..... 11 
Attelabus bipustulatus, Fab... 
: Mois aBoHy: i ee coo autographus, Ratz =o 
READER Me Tomicus calligraphus, Germ.. 21 
Otiorhynchus ovatus, Linn... 1 . Gata se as 2a 
pe rch 2 Pini, Dac site fi i le 
: Hylesinus opaculus, Lec..... I 
Sitones flavescens, Marsh.... 2 . 
Me gaiw his altewatus; Saye, 3 Dendroctonus terebrans, Oliv. 199 
Ikepyrus colon, -Linn:........ > Fa : UE ar ranean 4 
Rec eeiiadientSay Oc a 8 ylurgops glabratus, Zett.... 24 
Pissodes strobi, Peck........ 4 ANTHRIBID&. 
" Anis; Randcigs sas) ¢ 56 Eurymycter fasciatus, Oliv.... 1 
" dubius, Rand...... I Cratoparis lunatus, Fab...... 2 


176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


— or . ee — —~ = ———— 


SPRING COLLECTING IN ALBERTA. 
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, CALGARY. 


Perhaps the following short account of a few days’ spring collecting 
here may be of interest to readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 

The locality I have worked from during the two years that I have been 
in the country, is close to the mouth of Fish Creek, about twelve miles 
south of Calgary, and a mile from the right bank (south) of Bow River. I 
have a fellow worker about nine miles further west, near the head of Pine 
Creek, by name Mr. Arthur Hudson, a keen observer, and, I believe, the 
only entomologist besides myself who has ever collected here for a whole 
season, and between us we are at present almost daily increasing the list 
of macro-lepidoptera found around Calgary. We have already over fifty 
species of butterflies on the list, with three or four more doubtful species, 
and are confident that we shall be able to make several additions during 
the coming season. Of the moths, more particularly the Noctuide (and 
their name here is certainly Legion !), new comers never cease, as I think 
Prof. Smith can testify. When Mr. Elwes paid me a visit in July, 1893, 
he asked: ‘Treacle is not much used here, is it?” I replied that I had 
only been ‘‘at it” for a month, and was fairly well pleased with the 
result, though of course my take might have been exceptional. Were I 
asked the same question now, I should, without hesitation, reply: ‘ Well, 
just zsv’¢ it, that’s all, and from June to October, too!” During last July 
I not unfrequently counted from sixty to eighty moths on a treacle patch 
about eighteen inches long and three or four wide, comprising about 
fifteen or sixteen species. A sight such as that, however, certainly 2s 
exceptional. However, I have other modes of collecting to speak of now, 
as at this early date treacle is scarcely worth working. 

The season commenced this year on March zgth, on which date Mr. 
Hudson netted at dusk a species of Litholomia napea (hibernated). 
I saw Vanessa milberti on the following day. On 31st a few species of 
Calocampa cineritia showed up at treacle. Sallows were in flower in 
sheltered spots on April 22nd, and, it being a fairly warm night, I ventured 
forth, with the shattered remains of an old parasol into which to shake 
the moths. I felt fairly confident of some success, as I thought to myself 
that saliows in flower mean that spring moths have hatched ; such at least 
has been my experience in the Old Country. At the first shake, down 
come several Calocampa cineritia and Litholomia napea, both hibernated, 
I suppose, but some of them looking none the worse. I shake the next 


—- 


es 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS'.. 17a 


tree, and down again come the same two species in crowds, especially 
cineritia, one of which comes down my neck, with a fat noctuid larva to 
keep it company. Such are the evils of shaking sallows, though when 
the trees are from eight to twelve feet high, reaching the blossoms is out 
of the question. And, after all, I believe shaking pays best, except for 
geometre, which take wing in preference to dropping. The few next 
trees yield the same species, one specimen of Z@niocampa pacifica, and 
one of another form, which Prof. Smith says is also pacifica, but my 
observation of the two forms this spring has led me to believe that he is 
mistaken. Forcing my way through a thicket of sallow bushes does not 
agree with the poor old parasol ; it caught me many moths last spring, 
and I am loth to part with it, but the cover has now more holes than silk, 
and the framework is broken beyond repair, so it is left to be ignomini- 
ously chewed by cows. I have now to shake my moths on to mother earth, 
or, better still, in some instances, into water. A bath seldom seems to 
injure them, and when lying on the surface of water they are easily seen, 
and if out of reach of the hand can be fished out with a long stick. 
Calocampa cineritia appears rather to appreciate a dip, at least I should 
judge so from the fact that I frequently leave them lying inert on the 
water, after I have picked out all the more desirable ‘‘fry.” TZ) pacifica, 
on the other hand, seldom lies still on the water, and from the way it skims 
along the surface until it finds some twig or terra firma, might almost be 
called a good swimmer. A few more trees are tried and two specimens 
of 7: pacifica appear on the water. Ah! There is a fine form, just out 
of reach ; I look around for a stick to fish him out, but before I can find 
one, away he skimsacross the pool as though he had suddenly recollected 
a pressing engagement on the opposite bank. He has not gone far before 
there comes a splash, and the rings on the water diverging from the spot 
where I last saw my fine form of Aacéfica tell me that he has gone to assist 
the internal economy of a young jack. About an hour’s work sees me 
“through” for the night, and after ro p.m. I have never found a second 
visit to sallows pay. ‘The catch consists, besides the above-mentioned 
species, of one Ufeus satyricus and one Scopelosoma devia, both, I sup- 
pose, hibernated, though both are fine specimens, particularly devza. The 
following night a visit to the same sallows results in the same species, and 
in addition, two specimens of an undescribed Mamestra, Xylina Georgii 
(1) and Zachnobia salicarum (1). T. pacifica is decidedly on the increase, 
and what a variable species it is, too! To-night Zctholomia napea is 
\ 


178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


less common. April 27th sees me ‘‘at it again.” The temperature 1s 
44° and the air is still. To-night there is a decided falling off in the 
numbers of C. cineritia and L. napewa, and an increase in TZ. pacifica. 
I take also Calocampa nupera (1), Mamestra (undescribed) (1), and one 
each of two species entirely new to me; one of them apparently a 
Tezniocampa,—can it be an extreme form of pacifica ?—and the other 
I should say allied to Xy/ina; but, alas! my conjectures as to the generic 
position of species often prove to be very wild indeed, so little have I 
studied classification. On the 28th I pay a visit to Mr. Hudson. He 
searches his blossoms, and nets moths flying around them, and his take 
has been even better than mine. In addition to most of the species I 
have mentioned, he has come across a species of Cucullia new to me, taken 
with the net only, and at least one fresh Tzeniocampa. Some of my 
species, too, have been more common with him, such as Scope/osoma devia 
(in splendid condition), Zachnobia salicarum, and the supposed Xylina ; 
also Scopelosoma tristigmata (2). However, he has not come across the 
above-mentioned Maniestra, n. sp., nor one or two of the others which 
fell tomy lot. On 27th he took Plusia californica and Erebia discoidaiis, 
perhaps a record date for the latter species, and a week earlier than i 
observed it last year. On April 3oth I saw &. discoidalis (1) and 
Argynnis freya (1), and a species of Pieris, near the forks of Fish Creek, 
about twenty miles west of here. I have certainly a record for Chionobas 
alberta, Elwes., whicn I saw this year on May 3rd. Work at sallows this 
week is not very prolific, and in fact Z: pacifica is nearly over. ‘Treacle 
on May 3rd produced C. cineritia (common), and Mamestra, n, sp. (5); 
nothing more. On the 5th I again visit Mr. Hudson. A cold breeze is 
blowing from north-west, but on my way I, find Chionobas alberta fairly 
common on a hillside. This species, a full description of the life-history 
of which will probably appear in No. XVI. of Mr. Edwards’s “ Butterflies 


of North America,” appears to have a marked preference for dry, stony 
hillsides, where the grass is stunted in growth; just such localities, in fact, 
where abounds that large anemone so common in this district. But this 
morning the wind, and a large, slow-travelling cloud, which presently 
obscures the sun, prevent my taking more than a dozen specimens. In 
the afternoon Mr. Hudson and myself have fair sport amongst Argyznis 
freya in a deep coolie, sheltered from the wind. Here we find a sprink- 
ling of Z. discoidalis, but only one C, alberta, which prefers, despite the 
wind,to keep on higher ground. One specimen of a species of Eupithecia, 
several of a small yellow ‘‘ Carpet,” and one of a probable species of 
Boarmia, complete the list up to date, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 


A NEW AEGIALE (MEGATHYMUS). 


BY DR. HENRY SKINNER, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 


Aegiale Streckeri, n. sp., $.—-Expands from 21/ inches to 3 inches. 
Upper side.—Superiors rich brown, but not as bright, nor has_ the 
brown as much red in it, as in yawcce. There are three sub-apical costal 
white spots ; a lemon-yellow spot at end of cell; there is a row of five 
yellow spots running across the wing, parallel with the exterior margin ; 
the upper two are small and square in shape; the lower three are small 
and triangular, and there is one in each of the three median inierspaces. 
The inferiors have a yellow marginal border about ¥% inch in width, the 
wing being otherwise immaculate, and is clothed with long, silky brown 
hair. Under side—Superiors have the spots repeated.  Inferiors are 
gray, with a varying number of small white spots—one specimen having 
two and the other five. The female is larger and has the same number 


of spots as the male; the three sub-apical spots are white and the 
remainder yellow ; in the female the five spots on the wing are in two 
series, the two upper being nearer the exterior margin, and the three 
lower are nearer the base ; in other words, they do not form a continuous 
line as in the male. This species has been confounded, in collections, 
with cofagu?, Strecker, which was described from a female. The male of 
cofagui is marked practically like the female, but the male has the long 
hair on the inferiors as in the new species. This long hair is also con- 
spicuous in Strecker? at the base of the superiors below. This fine species 
is described from two males in my own collection ; one is from Texas 
and the other probably from Arizona (the exact locality not being known 
in either case), and a pair in the collection of Dr. Herman Strecker, of 
_ Reading, Pa.; one of these is from Texas, and was collected by the late 
Jacob Boll, and the other from the San Juan reconnaissance, made under 
the charge of Lieut. Ruffner, in Colorado, in 1877. Of the four described 
species, JVewmoegeni is very different from the other three ; ywcce may be 
known by the peculiar white spot on the anterior margin of the second- 
aries below. The spots on the superiors above in Streckeri are small, and 
all practically of one size, and form a straight row, while in cofaguz the 
spots are very large, being a quarter of an inch in length ; the secondaries 
above are also spotted in this species. Streckeri differs in colour very 
much from the other species, not being nearly so red. 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


LOSSES CAUSED BY DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 


In the May number of Zhe Century, Vol. L., No. 1, p. 89, 1895, 
there is recorded an item of interest to economic entomologists that is 
liable to be overlooked and lost, although it deserves a better fate. In 
an article by Mr. William E. Smythe, on ‘The Conquest of Arid 
America,” there is given a carefully-compiled table of all of the expenditures 
of “the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,” in Utah, the figures 
being furnished, at the author’s request, by Mr. A. Milton Musser, 
Church historian, and by him submitted to the inspection of the Presi- 
dents and Bishops of the Church, prior to publication. The figures cover 
a period of forty years, and the estimates are stated to be “‘as fair as they 
can be given.” The one to which the attention of entomologists is here 
directed reads as follows :— 

‘Loss sustained by crickets, locusts and grasshoppers, $2,500,000.” 

It is interesting to compare this amount with other items. For in- 
stance, the loss by fire during the same period was but $800,000 ; build- 
ing of churches and schools, $4,000,000, or less than double the loss by 
insect depredations ; the cost of local telegraph and railroad lines, 
$3,000,000 ; cost of immigration and sustaining the poor, $8,000,000 ; 
taxes, $8,000,000. 

As the estimates cover the first 40 years of the existence of the 
settlement, the figures are of especial value to us, as this is the period 
during which it is always the most difficult to obtain information. 

F. M. WessTER, Wooster, Ohio. 


NOTE AS TO CRITICISMS OF A PAPER PUBLISHED BY MR. A. G. BUTLER, 
ON ‘THE NATURAL AFFINITIES OF THE LEPIDOPTERA REFERRED 
TO THE GENUS ACRONYCTA,” IN THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE’ 
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 


Mr. Harrison G. Dyar says (p. 57), in his references to a paper by Mr. 
A. G. Butler, on ‘‘The Natural Affinities of the Lepidoptera referred to 
the Genus Acronycta,” that he has “not seen any refutation of Mr. 
Butler’s arguments, etc.,” and comes to the conclusion that ‘‘ Mr. Butler’s 
position appears to have been ill-founded.” If Mr. Dyar refers to Zhe 
Entomologists’ Record, Vol. I., pp. 269-271; Vol. II., p. 82; Vol. IL, 
pp. rog—106; Vol. II., p. 150; Lritish Noctue and Their Varieties, 
Vol. IV., p. xxiii., he will find that Mr. Butler’s paper has been very 
severely criticised by various entomologists, quite sufficiently, I have no 
doubt, to have deterred any one in touch with entomologicai work in 
Europe from ‘‘ adopting his conclusions.” 

J. W. Turr, Westcombe Hill, London, S. E. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XI. THE HyYpDROPHILIDH OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


These water-beetles differ from Dytiscide especially in having the 
antenne terminated by a distinct club instead of being filiform; and 
while, as the name implies, they are usually found in ponds or streams, 
they are much more feeble swimmers than the Dytiscids, and are 
exponents of a more generalized type. Several genera are truly terrestrial 
in habit, the beetles occurring about decomposing animal matter or in 
manure. The larvae somewhat resemble those of the Dytiscide in 
general appearance, but differ so far as my experience goes in having 
toothed mandibles instead of the single suctorial ones characteristic of 
_the other family. Pupation takes place on land in an underground cell, 
or in a cavity scooped out beneath a stone or piece of wood. 

The generic table is based chiefly on the characters used in the 
LeConte and Horn “ Classification,” and it is hoped will prove useful. 
Care must be given the small specimens, and it will be found impracti- 
cable to separate them without a good lens. The genera recorded in the 
Canadian lists separate as follows :— 


A. Prothorax narrower than the elytra, and usually narrowed behind ; 
form elongate, sculpture usually rough. 


b. Elytra with ten strize or rows of punctures, max. palpi moderate. 
c. Last joint of max. ul vue than preceding. 

PUMGENM GO LOINECG «5 ds ste Uiian cae deln Ree Llelophorus. 

Antenne 7-jointed.. a? 1 ee ..LLydrochus. 

cc. Last joint of max. abi shorter shan piceelina Ochthebius. 

bb. Elytra with more than ten rows of Rangrases pare palpi 

very long. ews ve! « : Sata .. Hydrena. 


AA. Prothorax at Basets as eae as fhe iyi it ara dA esrionly, Form 
usually convex, oval or elliptical, sculpture usually weak. 


d. Middle and hind tarsi with first joint short. 
e. Tarsi compressed, metasternum with distinct spine. 
f. Prosternum sulcate, metasternal spine long. 


Large species (over r in. long), last joint of max. palpi 
shorter than the preceding..........Zydrophilus. 
Smaller species (less than % in. long), last joint of 
max. ea equal to or longer than _preced- 

ing. . PP. Pie: . Lropisternus. 

ff. Prosternum cavihaté aPlaetern dt spine her. Hydrocharis, 


182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ee. Tarsi not compressed,metasternum not prolonged into a spine. 
g. Last ventral segment emarginate.............. Berosus. 
gg. Last ventral not emarginate. 
h. First and second ventrals concealed by 
plates.. SPER SGIE alel 6.8) eS a: 'a' >» “eat 6 See ROR oe aaa 
hh. Ventral sigmiente uncovered. 

i. Antenne 8-jointed, colours mostly pale, form 
rotnded) ‘canes. <).26o.5. HO Laccobius. 

ii. Antennz 9-jointed, colours usually dark. 
j. Terminal] joint of max. palpi shorter than pre- 

ceding. 
k. Tarsi 5-jointed on all the feet. 
Mesosternum with longitudinal 


Rian ey 8)222 2 Cae aR Phithydrus. 
Mesosternum with slight median 
tuberosity. . 2a . Helochares, 


kk. Tarsi 4-jointed on aint ee sind ice feet. 
Mesosternum with feeble transverse carina, 
claws simple...... .......Cymbiodyta. 
Mesosternum with compressed conical pro- 
cess, claws Bote toothed at 


base. . ob se RGD a . Helocombus. 
jj. Terminal ‘aint of max. dai janet than the 
preceding. 


Elytra striate or striato-punctate.... Zydrobzus. 
Elytral punctuation confused... . Crenephilus. 
dd. Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint elongate. 
|. Mesosternum narrow, prosternum carinate. 
Larger species ; scutel elongate......... ..Sphaeridium. 
Smaller species ; scutel equilateral............. Cercyon. 
ll. Mesosternum very wide, prosternum with elevated flattened 
median area. 
Prothorax .margimed ..cveisiers, sic ic. 4 e5-(eta, ml CROSTEI Mata 
Prothorax :npt MARS M SG ed /s[ajaja eee mses = os Cryptopleurum. 


HELOPHORUS, Fabr. 


These insects are of a more or less elongate form and rough 
sculpture ; they may be found in numbers by stirring up the bottom near 
the banks of pools, when the beetles will float to the top of the water, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183 


where they may easily be seen and taken, since they swim very poorly, 
and are unable to dive rapidly. The species reported from Old Canada 
are. eight in number, one of which (odscurus) may be erroneously 
identified, having been originally described from the Colorado River. 

The differential characters are :—- 
A. Size larger (.23 in.), head and thorax shining, sparsely punctulate, 
the latter sparsely granulate at sides, median sulcus slightly undu- 


late. . Since Rees... <i SR eee none ne, Re: 
BA. SIZE es ( I3-. 18 wn) 
b: Elytra tuberculate (13 im)... 0.06512. tabercalatus, Gyll. 
bb. Elytra not tuberculate, alternate interspaces higher (.13 
WGN ea spe stot he ees veeeeees. duguinatus, Mann. 


bbb. Elytral friteneyiates not nercutite nor aerating: 
c. Hind angles of thorax obtuse. 
d. Sides of thorax rounded in front, nearly straight behind 
(18 mm): ; Papal ts 1 COCMSET IS; EE. 
dd. Sides of thotix fenniarly raudedl 
Legs testaceous, median thoracic sulcus undulate (.17 


1 0 Sf eae aa Date fate SN COSCUras, LGC. 
Legs piceous, sibiee itil tarsi testaceous, H p@ahan thoracic 
sulcus nearly straight (.12 in.)... ....#étidudus, Lec. 


cc. Hind angles of thorax rectangular. 


Thorax not narrowed at base, sides nearly straight, elytra 
clouded with fuscous (.12 in.)............ linearis, Lec. 


Thorax slightly narrowed at base, sides subsinuate, elytra 
with fuscous markings, of which an inverted post-median 
sutural V and two spots each side are most cbvious 
PORES IMO Ce. oa. sald BUR lineatus, Say. 

Hyprocuus, Leach. 

Four species which are found in the same situations as Helophorus 
belong here, and, while differing considerably in facies from that genus, 
would at once be recognized as allied to it. The thorax is much 
narrower than the elytra, and the breadth only about equal to, or very 
slightly exceeding, the length, 

A. Smaller (.1o in.), elytral interstices not distinctly alternating, nor 
interrupted ; thorax scarcely narrowed behind, sides straight, 
scarcely crenulate, basal foveze deep......... .. simplex, Lec. 

AA. Larger (.13-.15 in.), elytral interstices alternating, arid more or less 
interrupted, 


184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


b. Striz as wide or wider than the interstices. 
Sides of thorax sinuate (.15 in.)............sguamdfer, Lec. 
sides Ofthorax crenulate jms 4m,)\.../. + o,...s.; excavatus, Lec. 
bb. Strize narrower than the interstices (.13 in.)..swbcupreus, Rand. 
OCHTHEBIUS, Leach. 

These are amaller insects than the preceding, though of much the 
same habits. In some parts of the Southwest they are so numerous that 
thousands of specimens may be taken from a small pool by stirring up 
the borders. They are particularly partial (in my experience) to such 
small ponds as have been formed by the partial drying of a smail stream 
fed by springs. Dr. Horn has found them most abundant in shallow 
running water, adhering to the under side of stones. All are rather 
flattened, somewhat roughly sculptured little beetles, some of which look 
like very small Helophori, while others remind us by their shape of 
Corticaria. The table is extracted almost entirely from that lately 
published by Dr. Horn in the Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. for 1890. 

A. Thorax abruptly sinuate from middle, or deeply notched near the 
hind angles. ‘Transparent border broad. 
b. Thorax with well-marked discal foveze. 
Disk of thorax sparsely punctate (.06-.08 in.)..dzscretus, Lec. 


Disk of thorax impunctate\(o7,im,).,. ..;.. |... .2.7iaidds, bee 
bb. Thorax without discal fovez, paces punctate 
(68 in); chicane iS ci ie . .cribricollis, Lec. 


AA. Thorax gradually Senate caret as apex to base, transparent 
border narrow. : 

Discal impressions of thorax forming continuous line ; lateral foveze 

broad and moderately deep (.06 in.)...... .....sculptus, Lec. 

Discal impressions very vague, the posterior only distinct ; the 

lateral foveze in the form of indistinct sinuous impressions (.06- 

OB! “UM. )ci5.5 14 spe one wie (over ate lage PURER RO: bey -ie' i O aeoe ne 

Hyprana, Kug. 

ff. pensylvanica, Kies., is found under the same conditions as 

flelophorus and Ochthebius. It is a small blackish insect (.075 in.), the 

feet, palpi and margin of thorax testaceous. Thorax sub-quadrate, 

densely punctured, impressed at sides, elytra sub-opaque, with rows of 

sub-quadrate punctures. 
HypbrRopuHi.us, Geoff. 


Includes two very large black insects, the giants of the family as 
represented in America. They separate thus :-— 


——— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 


J.ess elongate, more convex, abdomen pubescent, the last three 
segments narrowly smooth at middle, without yellow spots at 
BIEN (PAG RM y pete tals ie. «in, tea amas hate ovatus, G. & H. 
More elongate, less convex, first abdominal seg- 

ment pubescent, the remainder broadly smooth 

at middle, and pubescent only at sides, which 

are ornamented with large triangular yellow 

spots (1.30-1.45 in.), (fig. 13).¢rZangudaris, Say. 
TROPISTERNUS, Sol. 

The three species on the Canadian lists are very 
smooth, shining insects, mostly black above, and 
often extremely common in ponds. ‘They are 
among the best swimmers of the family. 

Sides of thorax and elytra yellow 


(33/1)... See os MMU aS, Say. 
Jape Entirely luck above: 
Surface finely and equally punctured (.40 in.).......g/aber, Hbst. 


Surface unequally and more coarsely punctured (.35 in.) #tws, Lec. 
Hyprocuaris, Latr. 

Hf. obtusatus, Say, represents this genus. It is easily recognized by 
the size (.60 in.), and by the elytra being so obtuse behind that the 
posterior portion of the body is more blunt than the anterior. 

Berosus, Leach. 

Very convex, rather elongate beetles of pale colours, with darker 
maculations in the form of thoracic and elytral spots. (Quite possibly the 
record of 7zfuscatus may be incorrect. 

Abdomen cristate in ¢, the fifth segment with one tooth at 
middle (.16 in.).. a Mes: : . .peregrinus, Hbst. 
Abdomen never sista: fifth kenien: Bidetitate at middle. 
Elytral striz erly obliterated on disk aie 24 


AT) oss in be Samii arc. 278/uscatus, Lec: 
Elytral s strize decane at punctured on di, ( 76 
.20 1n.).. agri Fe Ra 2 pala SEPALS, (DAY. 


Re ea Stach: 


Two very small convex species, .o5 or .06 in. long, are representa- 
tives of this genus. They occur on the margins uf streams and ponds, 
and separate easily thus :— 


Black above: ic. BAC aR ieee Ea re ec 
Thorax more or less piceous, ele testaceous . .. pallida, Lec, 


186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Laccosius, Er. 
L. agilis, Rand., is about .ro in. long, head and thorax blackish, 
elytra pale, clouded with dusky. Body beneath black, feet pale. It is 
common near the banks in small ponds. 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA.—VI. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 
Genus /ystrichopsylla, Tschb. 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 83. 

This genus has but a single species :— 
fystrichopsylla obtusiceps, Ritsema. 

1826. Curtis, Brit. Ent., III., No. 114 (Pulex taipz). 

1831. Macquart, Ann. d. Sci. Nat., XXII. p. 405 (Pulex terrestris). 

1868. Ritsema, Tijds. voor Entom., 2 ser. IIL, p. 173; (Pulex 
obtusiceps). 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 83 (Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps). 

This remarkable flea has a heavier covering of spines and bristles 
than occurs in any other species. ‘The head combs are on the discs of 
the cheeks with the spines pointing backward (as in Zyphlopsylla 
gracilis and fraterna), instead of on the lower edges, there being 10 
spines on either side. The first joint of the maxillary palpi is the longest. 
Pronotal comb with 20 spines on either side. The comb on the first 
abdominal segment consists of 20 spines on either side; that on the 
second segment, of 12 on either side, and that on the third segment, of 
7 on either side. The tarsi are slender. Colour, chestnut-brown. 
Length of male, 3.5 mm.; of female, 5-5.5 mm. It has been reported 
as occurring on Zalpa europea and Arvicola arvaiis, in various parts 
of Europe. 

Genus Zyphlopsylla, Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 86. 
TABLE OF SPECIES.* 


I; Head ‘witha conib:of ‘spimesiiowieG ds 4.0 ea See ee 


II. Head without a comb of spines. Pian tas he 
A. Head not unusually elongated ; thagilled Hiangelans head comb 


* In this table I have followed Taschenberg very closely, as there are many of the 
species which I have never seen. The characterization of this genus in mysecond paper 
will have to be modified somewhat, as two species have come into my hands which are 
entirely without the head combs so general in the genvs, and one in which there are five 
spines in each head comb. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 187 


of 3 to 5 spines on either side ; pronotum with a comb, abdo- 
Wisin WHR TAM OR 8 ie Be oot ies Slay So eae Get 

AA. Head elongated and slender ; maxillee quadrangular ; head comb 
of two thick blunt spines on either side; pronotum with a 
comb, abdomen usually with one or more ; in middle tarsi joint 

2 as long as 3 and 4 together; in hind tarsi joint 2 as long as 

3 and 4 together, and 3 as long as 5 ; living onbats..... ..B. 

Bb. Abdomen without combs; pronotal comb of ro spines on either 
side ; metanotum with 2 very small teeth on either side ; tarsal 
joints all very narrow ; in anterior tarsi joint 1 as long as 2 and 

3 together, 3 as long as 5 and somewhat more than one-half as 
long as 2, which is one-third shorter than 1, while 4 is one-half 

as long as 2; in hind tarsi joint 1 as long as all remaining joints © 


together and as long as tibie ; length, 3 mm...... untpectinata. 
Bb. Abdomen with one or more comb-bearing segments ..........C, 
C. Abdomen with 1 to 5 comb-bearing segments ..............D. 


CC. Abdomen with 7 comb-bearing segments; first 4 with 9 spines on 
a side, last 3 with 5 on a side; each segment bearing a single 
row of bristles ; eyes entirely absent ; antennal groove in hinder 
half of head ; maxille narrow, almost rectangular; joint 1 of 
maxillary palpi longer than either of last three ; pronotak comb 
of 14 spines on either side ; metanotum with 12 short teeth on 
either side ; legs slender and thin, proximal end of first femora 
with 7 very small teeth ; in anterior tarsi joint 4 is the shortest, 
2 is as long as 5, but much more slender, 3 about as long as 1 ; 
in middle tarsi joint 5 is longer than 2; in posterior tarsi joint 
1 is one-third longer than 5, which is as long as 2 and as long as 
3 and 4 together; male claspers lamellar and rounded on upper 
edge ; colour, yellowish-brown ; length, 2.5-3 mm.. octactenus. 

ID. Abdomen with 1 comb-beating segment... 0.0... 00000 0 F 
DD. Abdomen with 3 or 5 comb-bearing segments..............2. 
E. Abdomen with 5 comb-bearing segments; 3 of the abdominal 
combs with 12 spines on either side; pronotal comb of 12 

spines on either side; metanotum with 7 teeth on either side ; 

all other details same as in octactenus ; length,2 mm., Aexactenus. 

EE. Abdomen with 3 (the first, second and seventh) comb-bearing 
segments, each comb with 10 to 12 spines ‘on a side; those on 
first and second short and thick, on the seventh thin and sharp; 


188 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


a rudimentary eye barely visible ; maxille not so rectangular as 
in octactenus, somewhat obliquely cut off below ; pronotal comb — 
of 14 to 15 spines ; metanotum with 7 teeth on either side; in 
anterior tarsi joint 1 as long as 5, as long as 2 and as long as 3 
and 4 together, 5 is much the thickest; in posterior tarsi joint 
1 as long as 2, 3 and 4 together, 2 as long as 3 and 4 together, 
5 somewhat shorter ; length, 2-3 mm............pentactenus. 
F. Abdomen with the seventh segment, oe ee length, 
2mm. ae: i Meee . dictenus. 
G. Head Sofas on anterior edge ar eepen all groove, thie spines point- 
ing straight backward... a ee Ty : SOd3 . Se 


GG. Head comb in normal pdeiion on lower cae ae aheeles the 


spines pointing downward and backward.................@. 
H. Pronotal comb of 7 to g spines on either side ; head comb of 
usually 3, sometimes 4, spines on either side ; with a very rudi- 
mentary eye; abdominal segments with 2 dorsal rows of 
bristles ; in middle tarsi joint 1 equals 5; in posterior tarsi 
joint’ as-one2thirdslon gerlthange: =...) 4. ye Se 


HH. Pronotal comb of 11 spines on either side; head comb of 4 


spines on either side ; maxillee short triangular ; maxillary palpi 
with joints of nearly equal length; abdominal segments each ~ 
with one ventral and two dorsal rows of bristles ; legs with 
numerous short spines; in middle tarsi joint 2 is somewhat 
shorter than 1 and somewhat longer than 5 ; in posterior tarsi 
joint 1 is a half pea than 2; colour, yellowish-brown ; length, 
STINE oh sede - : : Sache .muscult. 
i Pronotal comb oe spines on iinet ak, nea dant on 3, some- 
times 4, spines on either side; maxille long and acute ;. male 
claspers in the form of two po aa sugar-loaf plates; colour, pitch- 
brown ; length, 3 mm. J Sear dag 5 2% CAUCASICA., 
II. Bioagial comb of 7 to 9 spines on Sihek aes Head. comb of 3 
spines on either side ; male claspers boot-shaped, the sole turned 
up ; colour, dark brown ; length, 2.5 mm...........assimidis. 


J. Head comb of 4 spines; the two upper spines of head comb 
much longer than the lower; pronotal comb of g spines on 
either side ; proportions of tarsal joints as in caucasica ; male 
claspers blunt, of the shape of a ‘-ninepin or a cucumber ” ; 
colour, light brown ; length of male, 2-25 mm.; of female, 
: SMM sage es Sete BR SO, SSS Ee SS eee 


‘saaieks 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 


JJ. Head comb of 5 spines; upper spines of head comb of same 
length as lowest; pronotal comb of 14 spines on either side ; 
male claspers long, edges nearly parallel, slightly broadening 
towards tips, obliquely cut off at ends; colour, light brown ; 
length of male; 2mm. ;; of female; 25°mm:...;. SJraterna, n. sp. 


K. Vertex strongly produced, rounded, face retreating ; head with 
numerous short, very strong, spine-like bristles, all pointing 
downward and backward ; antennze with numerous bristles on 
the third joint, arising from the lower third and exceeding the 
joint, bristles on joint 2 very short; mandibles exceeding the 
anterior trochanters ; pronotal comb of 16 spines; leg spines 
weak except on the tibie and anterior cox; on the anterior 
cox they resemble those on the head ; hind femora without a 
row of bristles on the side ; in middle tarsi joint 2 equals 5 ; 
in hind tarsi joint 1 is longer than 2, 3 and 4 together, while 5 
is a half longer than 3 ; abdominal segments each with one dor- 
sal and one ventral row of bristles, each row with 4 or 5 bristles, 
those in the ventral rows very strong; claspers of male long, 
linear, edges parallel, rectangular at the end; colour, reddish- 
brown; length of male, 1.5 mm.; of female,2.5 mm. . a/f/a, n. sp. 


KK. Vertex evenly rounded from occiput to mouth, slightly flattened 
above in male; head with very few weak bristles ; bristles on 
joint 2 of antenne longer than third joint, which is without 
bristles ; mandibles attaining three-fourths of anterior cox ; 
pronotal comb of 18 to 22 spines; leg spines strong on tibie 
and hind tarsi; hind femora with a row of bristles on the side ; 
in middle tarsi joint 2 is longer than 5; in hind tarsi joint 1 is 
about as long as 2 and 3 together, while 5 is shorter than 3 ; 
abdominal segments each with two dorsal and two ventral rows 
of numerous bristles, the second dorsal row with 12 to 14 
bristles, the ventral rows with nearly as many, ventral bristles 
not stronger than dorsal ; male claspers long, linear, edges not 
parallel, end somewhat obliquely cut off, rounded; colour, brown; 
length of male, 2.25 mm.; of female, 3-3.25 mm., americana, N. sp. 

Typhlopsylla unipectinata, Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 9t. 
Lyphlopsylla octactenus, Kol. 
1856. Kolenati, Parasit. d. Chirop:, p. 31 (Ceratopsyllus octactenus), 


190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Typhlopsylla hexactenus, Kol. 
1856. Kolenati, l. c., p. 51 (Ceratopsyllus hexactenus). 


LTyphlopsylla pentactenus, Kol. 

1856. Kolenati, l. c., p. 32 (Ceratopsyllus pentactenus). 
Typhlopsylla dictenus, Kol. 

1856. Kolenati, 1. c., p. 32 (Ceratopsyllus dictenus). 

The above five species of Typhlopsylla are all bat fleas, and have 
been found on a number of kinds of bats in various parts of Europe. I 
regret to say that I have not been able to obtain any bat fleas from this 
side of the water. 

Typhlopsylla musculi, Duges. 

1832. Duges, Ann. d. Sci. Nat. XXVIIL., p. 163 (Pulex musculli). 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 92 (Typhlopsylla musculi). 

This species has been taken on various mice and rats in Europe. I 
have seen no fleas from either mice or rats taken in America. 
Typhlopsylla caucasica, Tschb. 

1840. Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. imp. Moscow, p. 169 (Pulex typhlus). 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 94 (Typhlopsylla caucasica). 

‘Found by Motschulsky on Spalax typhlus in the Caucasian 
Steppes.” 


Typhlopsylla assimilis, ‘Tschb. 
1880. Taschenberg, Die Fiohe, p. 95. 


Found in Europe on Sorex vulgaris, Talpa europzea, Mus sylvaticus, 


and Arvicola arvalis. I have specimens from Lincoln, Nebr., taken on 
mole (Bruner) ; from Ames, Iowa, taken on Scolops argentatus (Osborn) ; 
and I have found the same species at Lansing, Mich., on the common 
garden mole. In the male the head above is very slightly concave (as it 
is in most Pulicide), not convex as figured by Taschenberg, nor does the 
face slope conspicuously downward and backward in either male or 
female, but meets the cheek margin at little greater than a right angle. 
Typhilopsylla gracilis, Vschb. 

1880. Taschenberg, Die Flohe, p. 96. 

Found in Europe on Talpa europzea and Sorex vulgaris. 
Typhlopsylla fraterna, n. sp. 

I have collected specimens of this very distinct species at Lansing, 
Mich., on the common garden mole, and have also received a specimen 
from Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collected at Brookings, S, D., the host not given. 


: 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 


Typhlopsylla alpina, 0. sp. 

A very unique flea, collected by Prof. Bruner at Georgetown, Colo., 
on Mountain Rat. The very conspicuous “bristles” of the head, and 
anterior coxze, are short and spine-like, thus differing from those in any 
other flea I have met with. It is the most well-marked species of the 
genus. 

Typhlopsylla americana, n. sp. 

This seems to be a common species, at least west of the Mississippi. 
I have specimens from Ames, Iowa, taken on Geomys bursarius (Osborn). 
At Fort Collins I have found it on a large brown mole, and Prof. Gillette 
has taken it at the same place on the pocket gopher. Prof. Aldrich sent 
me a specimen taken at Moscow, Idaho, on Thomomys talpoides ; it 
varies from the typical form in having but sixteen spines in the pronotal 


comb, but is otherwise identical. 
(TO BE CONTINUED.) 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARV OF CERTAIN 
TENTHREDINIDZ. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A.M., NEW YORK. 
Cladius ( Trichiocampus) gregarius, n. sp. 

Allied to Cladius viminalis, Fallen. ‘The larval habits are also iden- 
tical, as seen by Dr. J. A. Lintner’s account of véminadlis in his Fourth 
Report, p. 44 (as Aulacomerus lutescens). The fly, however, is differently 
coloured ; the larva differs but slightly, in that the lateral black spots are 
larger than the subdorsal ones, whereas in viminadis the reverse appears 
to be the case. 

Male.—Basal joint of flagellum of antennz with a projection on its 
lower side, the succeeding joints somewhat obliquely set, but simple, all 
densely pilose ; shining black throughout, except the legs, which are pale 
white outwardly ; coxe, trochanters, base of femora, whole of posterior 
femora, and all the claws, black. The black colour fades outwardly, be- 
coming almost sordid, luteous, not sharply separated from the white 
parts. Basal two-thirds of fore wing and nearly the whole of hind wing 
dark smoky black; the veins and stigma black. Length, 6 mm. 
Female.—Antenne simple, the third and fourth joints slightly enlarged at 
their tips, scarcely pilose at all; coloration as in the male, or the wings 
rather less smoky ; length, 6 mm. There are three submarginal cells, the 
first obscurely divided near base by an obsolete nervure; lanceolate cell 
contracted in the middle, 


192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


One male and four females bred on Populus tremuloides at Keene 
Valley, N.Y. 


£gg.—tIn slits on both sides of the slender petiole of a leaf, as 
described by Dr. Lintner for vzmznadts. 

First stage-—Head blackish; width, 3 mm. Body all pale, sordid 
yellowish, warts concolorous, the structure as in the mature larva. 


Second stage.—As before. Width of head, .4 mm. 


Third stage.-—The food shows as a greenish shade. Width of head, 
.65 mm. ‘The thorax is more yellowish than the abdomen. 


Fourth stage-—Head shining black, rounded, mouth rather pointed, 
the sutures around the mouth pale; width, 1 mm. Abdominal feet 
present on joints 6-11 and 13, short; thoracic feet just visible from 
above. Simple, recurved, white hairs, four to five each from low, obscure, 
concolorous warts, apparently six in two rows above the spiracle on two 
indistinct annulets, and others more obscure, on the subventral folds. 
Thorax a little enlarged. Colour yellowish, not shining, the food giving a 
green tint by transparency, shading to ochreous on thorax and joint 12. 
A row of little black dots subdorsally (often absent) and a row of large 
lateral ones, one on each segment. Dorsal vessel dark. Anal plate con- 
colorous with body. 


Fifth stage.-—Head black or yellow around the clypeus ; width, 1.5 
mm. Subdorsal and lateral spots large, square, black ; anal plate yellow. 
Otherwise as before. Cocoon double; made entirely of soft brownish 
silk, of the texture of thin paper. 


Cladius solitaris, n. sp. 


In the absence of a male specimen, I cannot tell to which section 
of the genus this species is to be referred. The larval characters, how- 
ever, are very different from those of the preceding species, so that it is 
probable we have to do with a Cladius proper or with Priophorus, most 
probably the latter. The fly differs from the description of ¢somera, 
Harr., eguadis, Nort., and simpdicicornis, Nort. 

Female.—Antennze very minutely pilose, simple. Body shining 
black, the wings hyaline with black veins; stigma faintly tinged with 
luteous ; the lower inner cell of hind wings does not reach as far as the 
cell above it, its lower outer angle somewhat pointed. Legs white ; the 


anterior coxce, middle and posterior coxe except at tip, the femora. 


ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1938 


except at base and tip, black ; apex of the tibize and the tarsi dusky, as 
also the anterior trochanters, but the middle and posterior trochanters 
are white. Length, 6 mm. 


One female, bred on Alnus. 
* * * * * * 


Larva.— Third stage.—Sitting flat on the venter, solitary, eating the 
parenchyma of the leaf from the under side. Head round, shining 
black, pilose ; width, .5 mm. Abdominal feet on joints 6-11 and 13, 
thorax a little enlarged, abdominal feet slightly spreading. Segments 
distinct, rather faintly 3-annulate, annulet 1 small, 2 and 3 with many 
pale sete, so that the larva is pilose or hairy. Colour translucent 
whitish, with no yellow tint. The food gives a dark green band by 
transparency, as far as joint 12. In joint 13 the feeces show black. 
Thoracic feet faintly yellowish tinged. 

Fourth stage.—Head pale whitish, with a black shade at side and 
vertex; width, .6 mm. Body whitish, with a faint greenish tinge, 
densely hairy, the tubercles slight. Alimentary canal gives a dark 
shade. 

Fifth stage-—Head greenish, thickly dotted with brown; a confluent 
black patch on clypeus, over eye and above and behind it ; or a patch at 
vertex and another on side covering the eye and reaching to back of 
head. Head shining, pilose; mouth brown; width, 1 mm. Dorsal 
region of body olivaceous blackish; joint 2 anteriorly, sub-ventral 
region, venter, feet and joint 13 posteriorly, translucent whitish, not 
shiny ; body pilose, the hairs arising from thickly-placed pale tubercles 
on each of the three annulets. Hairs rather short and pale. 

Cocoon double, made of white or brownish silk, large, and resem- 
bling thin paper. 

Lriocampa fasciata, Norton. 

Fly kindly determined by Mr. A. D. MacGillivray. 

Fourth stage— Exactly like the larva of Monostegia quercus- 
coccinee, Dyar, except that the head and the two posterior pairs of 
thoracic feet are shining black. Width of head, .55 mm. 

Fifth stage—The same ; width of head, .75 mm. 


Sixth stage.—Head and thoracic feet whitish honey-yellow ; width, 
.75 mm. Body similar, subtranslucent, no longer shiny, finely annulated ; 
some dorsal watery areas. Sides of thorax bright orange ; ocelli black, 
mouth brown. The larve do not eat in this stage, but enter the ground 
to pupate, 


194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Found on black oak at Plattsburgh, N. Y., and Weehawken, N. J. 

In the single specimen bred, the wings are but very faintly smoky. 
Blennocampa spiree@, vn. sp. 

Antenne as long as head and thorax; third joint about one and 
one-half times as long as fourth. First recurrent nervure received almost 
at base of second submarginal cell, second near base of third cell ; 
lanceolate cell petiolate, under wing with no middle cells. Black ; tips of 
femora, all of tibiz and tarsi, sordid reddish luteous, the claws often 
smoky ; tegulz black or with the outer half white; two dots behind 
scutellum, white ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black, except close 
to the base, where the nervures are pale. Head and thorax very finely 
pubescent. Rarely the tibize are faintly blackish, especially the anterior 
pair. Length: ¢,6mm.; 9, 6.5 mm. Four males, five females. 

Larva.— Eating the young leaves of Spirea salicifolia, and dis- 
appearing before the middle of June ; sitting flat on the venter, solitary, 
but many on a bush. Keene Valley, N. Y. Head pale greenish, not 
shining, mouth brown, ocellus covered by a black spot ; width, 1.2 mm. 
Abdominal feet on joints 6-12 and 13; thorax a little enlarged, body 
very slightly flattened ventrally and tapering posteriorly. Several little 
white pointed elevations, like sharp teeth with two cusps; two of them 
ad-dorsal on each segment, two sub-dorsai, a single 1-cusped dot later- 
ally anteriorly, three in a triangle stigmatally posteriorly and six on sub- 
ventral fold. Body pale bluish-green, not shining, closely like the leaf in 
colour. 

Last stage-— Head testaceous, hardly shining, eye black ; width, 
1.2 mm. SBody smooth, 5-annulate, pale yellowish - green, scarcely 
shining and rather opaque. On acquiring this stage, the larve enter the 
earth. The flies appeared the following April. 


Monostegia rose, Harris. 

Larva.—Head higher than wide, angularly pyriform, widest through 
the eyes. Pale brown, not shining, eye and mouth black ; width, 1.0 
mm. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet) ; thoracic 
feet not large, not seen from dorsal view. Body smooth, sub- 
translucent yellowish, broadly green dorsally from the food showing 
by transparency, 6-annulate, not shining, without marks. Under a lens, 
very slight concolorous pointed elevations represent the tubercles, These 
are faintly blackish towards the extremities, 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 


Last stage.—Perfectly smooth, pale honey-yellow, almost whitish. 
The larve enter the earth on acquiring this stage without feeding. 
Monostegia quercus-albe, Norton. 

My specimens vary in having one or no middle cells on hind wings. 
The latter is, in fact, the more common, and the specimens appear to be 
Caliroa obsoleta of Norton. The larve, as described by me (Can. EN1., 
XXVI., 43), differed from Norton’s description in having the head black. 
I have, however, obtained larvz like those of true g.-a/b@, and the fly is 
before me. It was submitted to Mr. MacGillivray, who pronounced it to 
be WZ. g.-coccinee, but I can scarcely agree with him, as the wings are 
hyaline. 

Monostegia guercus-coccinee, Dyar. 

Recent specimens vary in having one or two middle cells on the 
hind wings. Those with two middle cells seem to fit the description of 
Eriocampa fasciata, Nort., and I may be in error in having described the 
species as new, provided the larval characters prove illusory. 

Eriocampa cerasi, Peck. 

My specimens vary in having two or one middle cells on hind wings. 
One specimen has the lower cell present on one side, the upper present 
on the other with a portion of the cross-vein of the lower. 

Larva common on Crategus sp. and on Amelanchier canadensis at 
Woods’ Holl, Mass., in July; imago in August. The larva has been 
often described. It has a final stage (sixth), in which the head does not 


grow and the larva does not eat, as in the four preceding species. 
Widths of head: (1) 0.25 mm. (?) [not measured], (2) 0.35 mm., (3), 
0.55 mm., (4) 0.8 mm., (5) 1.1 mm., and (6) 1.1 mm. 

The following synopsis will separate the larvee of this group as far as 
they are known to me :— 


Larva not shining, greenish (Rosa).................-Monostegia rose. 
Larva shining, slimy. 
Larva large, blackish (Pyrus, etc.)..............riocampa cerasi. 


Larva smaller, whitish. 
Sides of thorax orange tinted (Quercus coccinea). 


Pledge Piel sae ie ces’. «aia mtmmiatin|s ate T COCAINE. fASCLALG. 

Pigatip alerted ss... ..o sesemeeetce Monostegia q.-coccinee. 
Sides of thorax concolorous, whitish (Quercus alba). 

Plead black >i... . »<saiegeiona @ see Caligom ousoleta: 

Headepaledt somunyt.. ... hawmdiad 1 0sATomostegia<g.-albe. 


* MM. g.-albe, CAN. ENT., XXVI., 43. 
+ MZ. g.-albe of Norton, — Fly determined by MacGillivray differently, but I can- 
not corroborate him, 


196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Harpiphorus tarsatus, Say. 

Determined by Mr. MacGillivray as . varianus, but according to 
Harrington (Can. Ent., XXV., 59) this name indicates only a variety. 

Egg traces below the lower epidermis, but apparently sawed through 
from the upper side ; elliptical patches, well separated, in straight rows 
parallel to a vein or transverse or irregularly distributed ; many on a 
leaf ; ‘size, .8 x 1.2 mm. 

First stage.—Head faintly brownish, eye black; width, .4 mm. 
Body whitish, rather opaque, annulate, not shiny, the food showing dis- 
tinctly ; sub-ventral fold prominent in the centre of each segment ; feet 
on joint 6-12 and 13. 

The larvze sit all in a mass on the back of the leaf, flat on the venter, 
and eat the parenchyma from below. 

Second stage.—The same. Width of head, .55 mm. Later the 
larve rest curled spirally and become covered with a white woolly 
coating. 

Third stage—Head, .65 mm. No-change in colour. 

Fourth stage.-—Head, .8 mm. 

Fifth stage.—Head, 1.1 mm. 

Sixth stage.—Head, 1.5 mm. 

Seventh stage-—The larve rest flat on the back of the leaf, curled, 
the anal end inside of the spiral and slightly lifted. 

Head round, full at the vertex, highest centrally, clypeal sutures well- 
marked ; smooth, black, covered with a white mealy substance nearly 
obscuring the surface ; palpi, an area around the mouth and the distinct 
antennz, pale yellowish ; ocellus black ; width, 1.8 mm. Thoracic feet 
rather small with black hooks ; abdominal ones on joints 6-12, 13, large. 
Segments rather coarsely 6-annulate, the intersegmental incisures scarcely 
more distinct ; sub-ventral fold well-developed, undulate. Nearly opaque 
honey-yellow, all the dorsal region to sub-ventral ridge covered with a 
mealy white secretion, partly or wholly obscuring the surface, or even 
growing out into filmy threads nearly 1 mm. long. Anal plate small, 
rounded-quadrate, black. 

The white secretion is formed afresh after each moult. 


[YO BE CONTINUED. | 


Mailed July 2nd, 1895, 


PROFESSOR WILLIAM SAUNDERS, F.R.S.C., F.LS. 


The Canadian Entomol logist. 


“VOL. XXVIL ‘LONDON, AUGUST, 1895. No. 8. 


PeOrtssOk  WAILLIAM SAUNDERS, F: R.S,C., F.L.S.,- ETC. 


We take great pleasure in presenting this month a likeness of Prof. 
Saunders, who must be well-known, if not personally, certainly by 
reputation, to every reader of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. He was 
one of the founders of the Entomological Society of Ontario in 1863, and 
became its President in 1875, which position he held continuously till he 
was appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion in 
1886. From 1874 to 1886 he was the General Editor of this Magazine, 
and conducted it with singular ability and success. In 1883 he published 
his great work: “Insects Injurious to Fruits,” which has become a 
standard volume of reference among horticulturists and economic 
entomologists, and which reached a second edition in 1892. The list of 
his publications in the Bibliography of the Royal Society of Canada 
covers several pages and numbers between two and three hundred. In 
the words of an American writer: “ by painstaking study and observa- 
tion he has risen to the topmost pinnacle of fame as an entomologist, 
horticulturist and experimental agriculturist.” 

No one can be more highly esteemed by all who know him, or more 
beloved by his friends, than PRorEssoR WILLIAM SaUNDERS. May he 
long be spared in health and strength to carry on his arduous and 
important work for the benefit of the people of this Dominion ! 


OCCUPANTS OF THE GALLS OF EUROSTA SOLIDAGINIS, 
FITCH, 


BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R.S.C, OTTAWA. 

These conspicuous spherical galls occur somewhat rarely at Ottawa 
upon the stems of So/:dago rugosa, and have been found to yield only the 
handsome fly which produces them, and its parasite Hurytoma gigantea, 
Walsh. The 24th May last I spent at Casselman, about thirty miles 
southward from Ottawa, with Mr. Fletcher, and we found the galls 
abundant upon Solidago serotina, upon the banks of the South Nation. 
On opening one I found a pupa, apparently ofa Mordella, in the pithy 
substance, and, remembering Mr. Brodie’s very interesting paper (CaN, 


198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ent., Vol. XXIV. p. 137) upon the occupants of similar galls from 
Manitoba, i afterwards collected a pocketful. They were very much 
larger than those which are found at Ottawa, and perhaps scarcely so 
spherical. Many were evidently already vacated by the producing flies, 
but I hoped that they might still have other tenants. About a week 
later, as only three flies had emerged, I opened about half of them, and 
was rewarded by finding several inhabitants. The majority of the galls 
contained in the central cavity the empty puparium of the fly, but in 
several the larva of the fly had apparently not hatched or had soon after 
perished, as there was no cavity. In only one gall was found the pupa of 
Eurytoma gigantea, and in this cavity there was no puparium of the fly. 
In winding tunnels in the pithy substance of other galls were found a 
Mordellid larva and pupa, which were placed in alcohol, and a few small 
Chalcidid pupz, one of which was evidently a smaller species of 
Eurytoma. Several dead larve of the beetles were also found in their 
burrows. On June a2ist, as nothing had since emerged, I opened the 
remaining galls, and in two I found living examples of MJordellistena 
nigricans, Melsh. In each instance the central cavity of the gall 
contained the empty puparium of the Eurosta, which had escaped by its 
own exit, while the beetle was at the end of a long burrow through the 
solid pithy substance, and just cutting its way out. It is evident, 
therefore, that Mr. Brodie was mistaken in announcing this beetle as a 
true parasite of the fly, and as ‘‘ bred from an Eurosta pupa-case.” It 
is certainly only an inquiline, the larva boring in and living upon the 
pithy substance of the gall. Some years previously (Can. Enrv., Vol. 
XIII., p. 173) the late Mr. V. T. Chambers had recorded a Mordella 
larva (perhaps this same species) as ‘common in the galls of Gelechia 
galle-solidaginis, Riley, in stems of Solidago, eating into and through the 
walls of the galls, but not disturbing the larve or pupz of the moth.” 


Besides the two beetles, there were found in the galls, in the small burrows 
made by the beetle larve, three or four more of the chalcidid pup and 
two flimsy braconid cocoons, from which emerged specimens of Sigalphus, 
answering very well to the description of S. texanus, Cress. The small 
Eurytoma proved apparently to be Z. studiosa, Say, while the remaining 
seven pupz developed into a species of chalcidid which I have not been 
able to determine. The latter species, the Z. s¢wdzosa, and the Sigalphus 
are evidently parasites, not of the gall producing Eurosta, but of the 
inquilinous Mordellistena. We have, therefore, from these few galls 
examples of the fly which produces it, a true parasite thereon, an 
inquilinous beetle, and three parasites thereof. 


a a, a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 


NEW NORTH AMERICAN MYCETOPHILID. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


—_——_ 


Platyura lurida, n. sp. 9. Head and antenne black, first two 
joints of the latter and the mouth parts somewhat yellowish. Thorax, 
pleura, scutellum, abdomen and legs, pale yellow, the tarsi toward the 
apex brownish-yellow, the thorax marked with three reddish-yellow vitte. 
Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish toward the costa, otherwise 
unmarked ; tip of auxiliary vein nearly twice the length of the humeral 
cross-vein beyond the base of the third ; sub-costal cross-vein nearly three 
times the length of the humeral beyond the latter ; anterior branch of the 
third vein oblique, ending its own length beyond the tip of the first ; 
sixth vein reaches the wing margin. Length,6 mm. Washington. A 
single specimen from Prof. O. B. Johnson. 

Platyura Maude, n. sp. 9. Head and antenne black, palpi 
yellowish. Thorax, pleura and scutellum bluish-black. Abdomen 
reddish-yellow, first two segments black, the base of the second tinged 
with reddish ; this segment is one-half longer than broad. Halteres 
yellowish. Coxe reddish-yellow, blackened at their bases, femora deep 
yellow, tibia brownish-yellow, tarsi black. Wings yellowish-gray, a 
brownish spot extends from the first vein, before its apex, to the posterior 
branch of the fourth vein near its base; apex of wing from midway 
between tips of first and third veins to apex of sixth vein grayish-brown ; 
a brown cloud on third vein near its base ; tip of auxiliary vein twice the 
length of the humeral cross-vein beyond the base of the third ; sub-costal 
cross-vein one and one-half times the length of the humeral cross-vein 
beyond the latter ; anterior branch of third vein oblique, ending nearly its 
own length before the tip of the first ; sixth vein reaches the wing margin. 
¢ same as the @ except that the second abdominal segment is twice as 
long as broad, and the anterior branch of the third vein is perpendicular, 
ending twice its length before the tip of the first vein. Length, 9 mm. 
Washington. A pair from Prof. O. B. Johnson, at whose suggestion I 
have named this handsome species in honour of Miss Maud L. Parker, 
whom he designates as ‘one of my most faithful collectors.” 

Platyura pectoralis,n. sp. 2. Front, occiput and antenne, black; 
first two joints of the latter, the face, cheeks and mouth parts, yellowish, 
Thorax and scutellum reddish-yellow, pleura and metanotum bluish-black. 
Abdomen reddish-yellow, the first segment black, the second three times 
as long as broad. Halteres yellowish. Coxze and femora reddish- 


200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


yellow, tibiz brownish-yellow, tarsi black. Wings yellowish-gray ; a 
brown spot extends from costa before tip of first vein to posterior branch 
of fourth vein near its base ; apex of wing from midway between tips of 
first and third veins to apex of sixth vein, grayish-brown ; a brown cloud 
on the third vein near its base ; tip of auxiliary vein opposite base of the 
third ; sub-costal cross-vein one and one-half times the length of the 
humeral beyond the latter ; anterior branch of third vein oblique, ending 
twice its length before the tip of the first vein; sixth vein reaches the 
wing margin. Length, 12mm. Nevada. A single specimen from the 
late Mr. Morrison. 


Platyura fasciola, Coq. Described as a Ceroplatus, but is best 
located in the present genus. 


Mycetophila Hepkinsii,n. sp. g. Black, the thorax and abdomen 
sub-shining, not pollinose ; the halteres, femora, tibize and base of metatarsi 
dusky yellow. Antenne twice as long as the head and thorax united, 
densely short, whitish pubescent. Thorax and scutellum sparse, coarse, 
golden-yellow pilose; abdomen fine yellowish-white pilose. Front tibize 
destitute of stout bristles except at the tip, the middle and hind ones 
bearing numerous black bristles. Wings gray, unmarked ; auxiliary vein 
entire, ending in the costa slightly beyond the base of the third ; fourth 
vein forks the length of the small cross-vein beyond the latter ; fifth vein 
forks opposite the lower end of the oblique small cross-vein ; sixth vein 
scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the posterior fork of the fifth ; 
costal vein reaches the first third of distance between tips of third vein 
and anterior branch of the fourth. Length, 4mm. Morgantown, W. Va. 
A single specimen from Prof. A. D. Hopkins, after whom the species is 
named. . 


Dynatosoma fulvida,n. sp. 2. Yellow, the antenne and apices of 
tarsi black, tibize tinged with brown; an indistinct brownish fascia extends 
from one ocellus to the other, or the entire front and occiput are some- 
times black. Wings yellowish-gray; a brown spot extends from costa to 
base of posterior branch of fourth vein; apex of wing from before tip of 
first vein to apex of posterior branch of fifth vein, brownish, enclosing a 
sub-hyaline spot that extends from the third vein to the middle of the 
third posterior cell; tip of auxiliary vein three times the length of the 
humeral cross-vein beyond the latter, ending in the first vein ; sixth vein 
not nearly reaching the wing margin. Middle and hind tibiz each bearing 


ee 


a 


THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIST. 201 


outwardly three rows of stout bristles, and on the inner side with a row 
of smaller ones. Length, 7 mm. Washington. Two specimens from 
Prof. O. B. Johnson. 

This is the first discovery of the present genus in this country. It is 
closely related to Mycetophila, differing principally in the course of the 
auxiliary vein, which terminates in the first, instead of being abbreviated, 
or of ending in the costa. 


ON THE SUBGLOBULAR SPECIES OF LECANIUM. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, NEW MEXICO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 


The genus Aermes of modern authors contains about a dozen 
subglobular forms, found on oaks, with one exception. These insects 
might be taken for species of Zecanium, but a microscopical examination 
of their characters, especially in the larva, shows that they are quite 
distinct from that genus. 


There are, however, four known subglobular species which structur- 
ally and in the larva resemble ZLecanium and not Kermes; adding to 
these four others which I have lately received, we have altogether eight 
subglobular coccide which show true ZLecanzum characters. 


Two of these live on conifers, and are placed in a genus separated 
from Lecanium, known. as Physokermes. FP. abietis (mod.) = hemicryphus, 
Dalm., = racemosum, Ratz., = pice, Schr., inhabits Europe ; P. n. sp. 
(shortly to be published) lives in Colorado. 

In Europe is also found Lecautum emerict, Planchon, on Quercus 
ilex and Q. coccifera. This I have never seen, but Signoret gives its 
characters in some detail. The dermis is tessellate, as in Physokermes. 

From Montevideo comes a very large species, Z. verrucosum, 
Signoret, and below I describe three from Brazil. 

Finally, in Australia is Z. baccatum, Maskell. None of these last 
five have the dermis tessellate. 

Summing up, we thus have: (1) A distinct genus of two species, — 
one Palearctic, one Nearctic,—confined to conifers. (2) A single 
Palearctic species, on oaks. (3) Four Neotropical species; and (4) One 
Australian. 

It seems probable that these insects represent old types, not late 
developments from normal Lecanzum. But ZL, emeric¢t and Physokermes 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST. 


seem somewhat related to the Aw/ecanium series, which inhabits the 
Palearctic and Nearctic regions, and is entirely absent (except where 
introduced on cultivated plants) in the Neotropical and Australian. Now 
that the Neotropical series is increased to four, we can see (r) that it is 
diversified within its own limits, doubtiess actually more numerous in 
species than present information shows, and probably, therefore, endemic; 
(2) that it more resembies the Australian species than those of the 
Palearctic or Nearctic regions. 


Thus the indications are, that the Palearctic-Nearctic series of 
subglobular forms is altogether distinct from the Neotropical-Australian 
series, the resemblance being much closer superficially than in structural 
characters. The last-mentioned series does, however, seem to hold 
naturally together, and its distribution may, perhaps, be used as an 
argument by those who favour the hypothesis of bunch connection between 
S. America and Australia. 


The three new Neotropical species were all collected by Dr. Von 
Ihering, the well-known naturalist, now of the Sao Paulo Museum. 


Lecanium pseudosemen, sp. nov. 


9. Scale globose, max. diam., about 10 mm., a mcederate-sized 
specimen is long. 84, lat. 714, alt. 7 mm. Scale clasping twig; leaving, 
when removed, four small, broad stripes of white secretion. Colour 
coffee-brown, or reddish-brown, sometimes irregularly marked with 
yellowish ; surface smooth, fairly shiny. Under a lens appears minutely 
tuberculose and finely and closely spotted with yellowish. 

Boiled in caustic soda, it stains the liquid madder-brown, the pigment 
precipitating on standing. 

Dermis (transmitted light) not tessellated ; shows large, oval gland- 
pores. , 

Claw rather short, stout, curved, sharply pointed. Digitules of claw 
extending beyond its tip, rather slender, but with large knobs. ‘Tarsal 
digitules only moderately long, slender, with small knobs. Tarsus some- 
what arched; tibia also somewhat arched, but in a contrary (forward) 
direction ; both slender, tibia about 14 longer than tarsus, Femur about 
as long as tibia, moderately stout. Trochanter with a very long hair at 
its end, 


oa a ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 


Antenne 8-jointed ; 1 unusually large and long, much longer than its 
breadth at apex, but hardly so long as its breadth at base ; 2 about as 
long as 1, and about half as broad as long; 3 distinctly longer than 2, 
but not much longer; the rest are all shorter ; 4 next longest, then 5 and 
8, then 6, then 7. ‘Formula 3 (12) 4 (58) 67; 1 and 2 each with two 
hairs near apex ; 3 with a hair not far from base. 

. Hab., Brazil, presumably S. Paulo, on twig of plant not determined 
(Von Thering, No. 59). @. Scales sent, containing embryonic larve. 

The dermis shows numerous moss-like ramifying bodies, presumably 
some parasitic alga. These growths are very much like the dendritic 
crystals of black oxide of manganese sometimes seen on slabs of limestone 
rock, but they are granular and frequently pigmented dark brown. 

The scales look like large seeds or berries. Although a large 
species, this is by no means so large as verrucosum, from which it 
differs in several characters. 


Lecanium monile, sp. nov. 


*" 9. Scale on bark, long. 4, lat. 3%, alt. about 214 mm., rounded, 
sub-globose, moderately shiny, reddish-brown, irregularly mottled. 
Posterior cleft distinct. 

Dermis not reticulate ; with rather few small round gland-pores, but 
also with, at moderate intervals, /arge oval or sub-circular reticulated 
patches. This last is a very peculiar feature. No legs or antenne 
found in adult. 

Larve present in the scales ; these embryonic larve have 6-jointed 
antenne ; 3 longest, 6 nearly as long; 1, 2, 4, 5 subequal. They also 
show very long and slender tarsal digitul:s ; digitules of claw not alike, 
one filiform, the other moderately stout. 

Hab., Sao Paulo, Brazil, on plant not identified (Von Thering, No. 
52). Several of the scales show large parasite-holes ; these, especially, 
look like small brown beads, the hole looking like that for the string. 


Pseudokermes, subg. nov. 


@. Lecaniid, but the appearance suggesting a small Kermes; 
covered with a thin, glassy scale, much after the manner of Lngdisia ; 
antenne and legs absent in aduit ; dermis not chitinous. 


Lecanium (Pseudokermes) nitens, sp. nov. 


@. Scale smooth, ochreous, very shiny, sub-globose, divided 


204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


antero-posteriorly by a shallow groove; long. 2%, alt. 2, lat. 3 mm. 
Glassy scale very thin, white and semitransparent, forming sublateral 
low cones, concentrically but not longitudinally striate. 


Dermis (after boiling) colourless, not tessellated ; a marginal row of 


small, short spines and round gland-orifices. No vestige of legs or 


antenne could be seen, although the specimens were easy to examine for 
such characters by reason of the transparent dermis. 


Mouth parts distinct and well-developed, mentum apparently 
monomerous, broad, with a pair of small bristles on each side near the 
tip. Rostral filaments short. 


Anogenital ring with several hairs. Anal plates small, their external 
sides meeting at about a right angle ; the anterior-external side decidedly 
longer than the posterior-external. Immediately cephalad of the plates, 
and partly surrounding them, is a broad brown chitinous crescent ; its 
breadth in the middle rather greater than the length of the plates. 


Hab., on Myrtus (Blepharocalyx) tweedit; Rio Grande do Sul, 
Brazil (Von Ihering, No. 45). I presume it infests the twigs, but the 
specimens sent were detached and in alcohol. The glassy covering is 
very fragile, and in every specimen was broken; in several altogether lost. 


This remarkable coccid should form the type of a new genus, but is 
now placed in a sub-genus of Zecanium as a matter of convenience and 
to indicate its relationships. At first sight one would take it for a highly 
specialized form, the end of the branch of subglobose neotropical species. 
But it shows curious resemblances to several genera and species, and for 
this reason might be thought a primitive type. 


The arrangement of the anogenital structures seems rather like that 
of Z. baccatum, but that is believed to have a hairless anogenital ring. 


The broadened form, with median groove, and the lack of legs in 
the adult, strongly suggest LPhysokermes. The derm, however, is not 
tessellate. 


The glassy covering recalls at once /zg/ista, but it does not show 
the ‘‘air-cells” of that genus. The way in which the glassy covering is 
formed suggests airmairia. 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 


ON THE CABBAGE-SHAPED GALL OF CECIDOMYIA SALICIS- 
BRASSICOIDES, AND ITS OCCUPANTS. 


BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. 


On July 9, 1892, I found in the Grand Canon, Arizona, on the 
Hance trail, near the Colorado River, numbers of the green galls of this 
species on the narrow-Jeafed Salix sp. (probably S. dongifolia). Three 
that were picked on this date measure 19 to 20 mm. in length, and 11 
mm. in width on widest portion near base. They preserve their light 
green colour, except for their whitish, thick pubescence. Some last 
year’s galls were also found in the canon on the willows near the stone 
cabin. They measure 16 to 17 mm. in length, and 1o to rr mm. in 
width. They are more spread out apically ; therefore not conical in 
outline, and are reddish-brown in colour, probably from being weathered. 

Three galls of this species, from West Cliff, Colorado, sent me by 
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, measure only 13 to 14 mm. in length, by 8 to 
91% mm. in greatest width, near base. They are well cone-shaped, but 
reddish-brown in colour save for the grayish external pubescence. These 
are mentioned by Mr. Cockerell in Zxtom., 1890, p. 280. . 

Green galls of this cecid were found near Las Cruces, August 21, 
1892, in great numbers on Salix longifolia along the aceguia madre in 
the Alameda. ‘They were little more than one-half inch long at this date, 
and were borne in numerous dense clusters of a dozen or more each. 
On Nov. 13 and 14, 1892, over 200 of these galls were picked from the 
willows in the above locality. Many of the clusters were on twigs that 
had died, showing that the galls kill the new growth to a considerable 
extent. Some were found on topmost twigs of the willow 1o feet high, 
while others were within 3 or 4 feet of the ground and frequently in 
masses. One thick bunch contained 21 galls. Eight of the smaller 
sizes and seven of the larger, selected from these 200 galls, measure as 


follows :— 
LENGTH. WIDTH, LENGTH. WIDTH. 
6 by Bs ee 15 by 10. mm. 
7 " 5% bs ry, " Dep " 
7 ye 6 % 18 " 10 " 
Smaller} 7 » 6% n Larger} 9 4, 1 > 
Galls.) 9 1 6% u Galls. | 
Lie) " 9 " 
a e 9 20 " Io " 
ag 
Bt, BM 22 1" 10% nu 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The above include the smallest and largest. The smallest are not 
fully developed, and lack the tapering tip; while the longest depend for 
their length on this tip being well elongated, since it will be seen that 
the width of the larger ones is more nearly equal. The smaller galls, 
while varying in length 8 mm., vary in width 3% mm. But the larger 
ones, while varying in length 7 mm., vary in width only 2 mm.: 


Of these 200 galls, thirteen were opened on Nov. 13, the same day 
collected. Six contained the plump, perfectly white larva; while the 
other seven contained smaller light brown, elongate puparia enclosing a 
transformed hymenopterous parasite alive and ready to emerge. One of 
the parasites which was pulled from its puparium moved its legs and 
showed signs of life. The galls containing these hymenopterous puparia 
were the most dried ones in appearance, and were on dead branches. 
This parasite seems to remain transformed within its puparium in the 
centre of the galls all winter, issuing in the early spring. Specimens 
were bred and identified by Mr. Ashmead as /Platygaster obscuripennis, 
Ashm. On March 16, 1893, four of the cecids were found issued and 
dead ; while there was a number of the parasites issued, and only one or 
two of these dead, most of them being very active and one pair in coitu. 
Up to March 24, 1893, one more cecid had issued, making five cecids in 
all; while of the parasites ten had issued. In issuing, the cecids some- 
times, if not frequently, leave their pupa-skins sticking by the abdominal 
portion in the tip of the cone-like gall. On April 9, 1893, 30 more cecids 
were found issued and dead, 2 more alive, and 2 blackish pupe issued 
from galls. Nota single parasite had issued since March 24, but live 
one appeared April 9. 


The following are descriptions of the occupants of this gall :—Larva 
of Cecidomyia salicis-brassicotdes—Length, 2 3-5 to 3% mm.; width, 
I 3-5 to 2 mm. Colour perfectly pure white originally, changed by 
immersion in alcohol to rosy or pale orange. Oblong-oval in form, 
plump, fleshy, apodous, consisting of 13 segments. Head rather sunken 
and retracted within anterior end of body, little more than one-third 
width of next segment; latter hardly more than one-half width of third 
segment, which in turn is considerably narrower than fourth, and the 
fourth is narrower than fifth. These segments are all about the same 
length so far as length is appreciable in their partially retracted condition. 
Segments 6 to 8 are very slightly wider than 5, nearly equal in width, 


| 
: 
: 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 


segment 7 being the widest portion of body. Segments 6 to to are 


nearly equal in length and much longer than segment 5, but segments 
7 and 8 are equal and slightly the longest in the body. Segments g to 
11 are gradually narrowed aud successively slightly shortened, 12 and 13 
being much more narrowed and more or less retracted within posterior 
end of body. Whole integument bare, with a minutely rugose-appearing 
surface. Anal segment with a perpendicular median wrinkle on lower 
half ; twelfth segment bearing above on posterior margin a pair of minute 
short horn-like prolongations of the integument, projecting transversely 
inward towards each other, the tip of each pale brownish. Mouth parts 
appearing as a pale brownish spot in centre of capital segment, with a 
minute brownish dot on each side at edge of it. Breastbone pale 
brownish, nearly as wide as long, or narrowed on basal half or more, 
with a pair of 2-jointed palpus-like organs on terminal portion, the tip of 
each minutely darker at the suture dividing the two joints, the basal 
joint stout and rather elongate subconical, the terminal joint minute and 
very short conical. 


Described from six specimens, taken from galls on November 13th. 


Puparium of Platygaster obscuripennis, Ashm. (containing transformed 
adult).—Length, 2 3-5 to 2 4-5 mm.; width posteriorly, r to 1 1-5 mm.; 
width anteriorly, about 3-5 mm. Colour light yellowish-brown, appearing 
dark brown where the adult shows within. Subcylindrical, gradually 
narrowed and subtruncate anteriorly, rounded oval posteriorly. Surface 
of whole integument minutely punctured. Circular surface of plate of 
anterior subtruncate end somewhat wrinkled and roughened, with a small 
central lighter-coloured tubercle, and with an organ on lower edge of 
plate forming part of integument and bearing a striking resemblance to 
the breastbone of the cecid, but probably representing the mouth parts 
of the hymenopterous larva. 


Described from four specimens taken from galls, Nov. 13. 


Adult of P. obscuripennis.—Length, 1 4-5 to 2 2-5 mm. Wholly 
shining black, legs pale brownish except most of femora and sometimes 
part of tibiz black. Wings nearly transparent, very faintly smoky, 
reaching beyond abdomen, thickly and minutely short hairy. 


Mr. Ashmead also identified a second parasite bred from this cecid 
as Decatoma sp. . 


208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARV OF CERTAIN 
TENTHREDINID. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A.M. NEW YORK. 
(Continued from page 196.) 

Eighth stage.-—Head shining black, yellowish punctured around the 
mouth, antenne yellowish; eye and jaws black ; width, 1.8 mm. Body 
ochreous yellow, 6-annulate with irregular quadrate sub-dorsal (two per 
segment) and lateral (one per segment) black spots, confluent on joint 13; 
sub-ventral ridge faintly discoloured; anal plate blackish. No white 
secretion. The larve do not feed in this stage, but seek for soft wood in 
which they bore their galleries for pupation. 

Eight stages is probably the least number which these larve have. 
I have found them with the following widths of head:—z.2 mm., 2.45 
mm,2.9mm. ‘This indicates that they may have as many as eleven 
stages, perhaps in the case of large females. 

Acordulecera dorsalis, Say. 
Determined by Mr. MacGillivray. 
Only on the very young leaves of the black oak, eating the whole 


leaf down irregularly. Sitting flat on the venter, but holding on by the’ 


thoracic feet, and flap up the abdominal portion when disturbed. Feet 
on joints 6-11, 13, but very small, neariy aborted, none of them used ; 
thoracic feet large. Body smooth, stiff as if inflated, shining colourless, 
the food showing green. Segments marked into 4 annulets by creases, 
not incised. Sub-ventral fold prominent, in the centre of the segment, 
giving the outline a fluted appearance. ‘Trachez very evident. Head 
colourless, tinged with blackish, or with brownish in the last growing stage 
(width, .8 mm.), especially below ; a little fine pile ; eye black, mouth 
brown. 

Last stage.—The larve moult and enter the ground ; colour faintly 
bluish, less transparent and with distinct blackish dots in three transverse 
rows per segment. Head grayish-tinted ; width,.8 mm. Body smooth, 
a little shiny, sub-ventral folds scarcely prominent. 
LLylotoma McLeayi, Leach. 

I was much surprised to find that the larvee which produced flies of 
this species were totally different from those described by Norton (Trans. 
Am. Ent. Soc., IV., 78, 1872).* 


*T have seen the larve which he describes, but their structure and position are 
like those of the species of Emphytus which I have bred, My larvee died. 


iad a. Hm els 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 


Larve abundant on wild cherry (Prunus serotina) at Woods’ Holl, 
Mass., often gregarious, sitting on the edge of the leaf, the body held 
down close to it. The abdominal feet, though small, are used. 


£ggs.—Laid is a series of saw-cuts along the edge of the leaf between 
the upper and lower epidermis, the series often extending from the middle 
to apex of the leaf. Incisions nearly circular, open on the edge, slightly 
swollen; 1.2 mm. in diameter. 


There appear to be eight larval stages, but I have not observed the 
early ones. 


Fourth stage.—About as in the next stage, but smaller and the 
tubercles quite indistinct except sub-ventrally, owing to their small size 
and pale colour. They hardly appear more than blackish spots. Colour 
pale, more of a honey-yellow than the mature larva, a greenish shade from 
the alimeniary canal. Width of head, 1.1 mm. 


Fifth stage—Head shining brownish-black without depressions ; 
width, 1.4 mm. Tubercles greenish-black, less distinct than finally. 
Joints 2 and 12 appear yellow, as the green shade from the alimentary 
canal is interrupted there. 


Sixth stage-—Width of head; 1.75 mm. ‘There is very little change ; 
the tubercles gradually become larger and darker coloured. 


> Seventh stage.-—Width of head of g, 1.75 mm.; of 9, 2.2 mm. 
Much as in the next stage. 


Eighth stage-—Head full at vertex, evenly rounded, sutures obscure; 
smooth, shining black with four dents in front ; ocellus depressed ; width: 
g, 1.75 mm.; ?, 2.2 mm. Body large, full, with sub-ventral folded 
ridge. Thoracic feet large and strong, abdominal ones small, present on 
joints 6 to rr and 13 with a very rudimentary pair on joint 12. Segments 
obscurely 3-annulate. Body orange-yellow or yellow, with a diffuse 
greenish shade from the alimentary canal. ‘Thoracic feet except at joints, 
abdominal feet outwardly, suranal plate and the rather large (o.2 mm, 
diameter), round, minutely setiferous tubercles, shining black. The 
tubercles are low, rounded, smooth, each with a central, short, black seta. 
They are arranged in three rows on each segment, nine on each side in a 
square above the sub-ventral fold, with one or two little ones just posterior 
to the spiracle ; on sub-ventral ridge a single elongate, slightly oblique 
one, bearing six or more setz ; three in the anterior row ventrally, but 
only one in the two posterior rows. The arrangement is somewhat modi- 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


fied at the extremities. Spiracles black. At the end of this stage the 
larve empty their intestinal canals and spin cocoons on the surface of the 
ground without moulting. 

Cocoon entirely of yellow silk, double, the outer layer of coarse 
meshes, the inner thinner and more compact. Larve in July; the flies 
emerged the following April. In the last moult there is no increase in the 
size of the head, but the larvze feed in the last stage. The ¢ larve are 
smaller than the @, and their heads do not enlarge at the moult before the 
last, so they possess the anomalous character of having three stages with- 
out any growth of the head. I have never observed anything of this kind 
in the Lepidoptera, perhaps owing to their very different manner of moult- 
ing. In the saw-flies the old head is split at each moult, as in the Lepi- 
doptera at pupation only, and the new one has to grow after the moulting 
instead of largely before it, as in the Lepidoptera. 

Hylotoma pectoralis, Leach. The red-headed birch saw-fly. 


A general description of this larva has been given by Rev. T. W. 
Fyles (Can. Enr., XVIII., 38). 1 have a few details to add. 

Found on the black birch (Betula denta) at Woods’ Holl, Mass., and 
Plattsburgh, N. Y.; also common on the white birch (Betula papyrifera) 
at Keene Valley, N. Y. 

Eggs.—Laid in a series of saw-cuts along the edge of the leaf between 
the upper and lower epidermis, producing slight swellings 1.5 mm. in 
diameter. The eggs are soft and white. 

The number of larval stages was not exactly determined, but what 
evidence I have leads me to believe that there are eight, and I shall 
describe them on that basis. 

First stage.-—Head reddish ; width .6 mm. Body essentially as in 
‘the next stage (Keene Valley). 

Second stage.— Head shining black, a little paler at sutures, round, 
about as high as wide, dented at clypeus ; width, about.7 mm. Thoracic 
feet black, except at the joints. Body as in the next stage, but the pili- 
ferous dots much smaller and so less distinct (Woods’ Holl). 

Third stage.-—Head light reddish-brown, shining, clypeus slightly 
indented in black ; eye black in a black spot ; head well rounded, rather 
higher than wide, full at vertex; width, .g mm. Thoracic feet large, 


largely black ; abdominal feet small, their bases black and corresponding 


spots on the apodal segments. Body shining yellowish-green, alimentary 
canal obscured ; segments hardly annulate, but with three rows of large 


; 


rors 
ai 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pa 


black spots (three per segment), besides the oblique black mark on sub- 
ventral ridge and minute ventral dots anterior to the legs ; all bear short, 


stiff, black setze. 


% * * * * 

Fifth stage.—Head clear light orange-red, shining, minutely sparsely 
black pilose; eye on black spot ; width, 1.4 mm. Abdominal feet on 
joints 6-10 and 13, small with indications of feet also on joints 11 and 
12; thoracic ones pale with slight black marks. Body as before ; anal 
plate black. 


Sixth stage. —Head well rounded, full at vertex, but narrowing to a 
central apex ; sutures obsolete, but four dents in front indicate clypeus ; 
shining light red with a few black sete; eye black; width, 1.8 mm. 
Body cylindrical, of nearly even width to joint 13, which is a little smaller; 
abdominal feet, corresponding spots on the apodal segments and anal 
plate black ; no cervical shield: thoracic feet pale brownish. Segments 
not annulate,: shining green, yellowish laterally ; nine large elevated 
rounded black spots, .2 mm. in diameter, in a square on each side above 
the stigmatal line on each segment, one below posteriorly to the spiracle, 
and several small ones on the conspicuous, obliquely divided sub-ventral 
ridge ; a small black patch at base of abdominal feet 7-10 and minute 
ventral spots. Anal feet pale orange. <A series of round medio-ventral 
orange spots, almost between the feet on joints 7-12. 


Seventh stage.—Width of head, 2.2 mm. (1.8 mm. in male ?). Much 
as before throughout, but the black spots are larger (.25 mm.), shining 


blue-black.* 
* * * * 


Cocoon.—Double, open reticular, of yellow silk, the outer layer of 
large meshes ; spun at the surface of the ground. 
Lophyrus Lecontei, Fitch. 

Gregarious, eating down the needles of the pine. When disturbed, 
the larvze raise the thoracic feet and eject a white fluid from their mouths. 

Head light red, eye and mouth black ; width: ¢, 1.8 mm.; ?, 2.2 


-mm. Thoracic feet rather small, black except at the joints. Abdominal 


feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet), all well-developed. Body 
rather greenish-white, nearly opaque, shightly shining ; segments not very 
distinctly 4-annulate, with rows of microscopic black spinules on the 


*The eighth stage was not noted. It probably escaped observation, as there should 
be no increase in size of the head, and I neglected to isolate one larva, 


, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


first, second and fourth annulets. A series of sub-dorsal, sooty black 
patches, tapering posteriorly, varying in different individuals. The two 
rows approach each other posteriorly, and on joint 13 form a single, 
large, quadrate patch anterior to the pale suranal rim ; spots partially 
broken between the annulets, A similar lateral row of sub-quadrate 
spots ; a smaller one on sub-ventral ridge, and a small spot above base of 
each abdominal foot, except toward the extremities of the body. Venter 
immaculate. 


At maturity the larve moult, leave the trees and form their reddish- 
brown cocoons at the surface of the ground. Head shining sordid white 
with a blackish shade all over the vertex and part way down the sides, 
not on the clypeus; sutures evident, eye in a black spot ; mouth red ; 
width as before. Body sordid white, 6-annulate, slightly shining ; alimen- 
tary canal empty. Black spots as before, but not sooty, slightly shining 


and minutely white-dotted. Thoracic feet slightly blackish or wholly 


watery-whitish. 


Found on Pinus rigida and P. Banksiana at Woods’ Holl, Mass., 
in August. Flies emerged the following spring. This was determined by 
Mr. MacGillivray as Lophyrus Leconte: (?); but as the larva corresponds 
with Riley’s description, I have left off the mark of doubt. 


Imago.— 6. Shining black, a ventral band and tip of abdomen 
rufous ; all the femora, tibiae and tarsi rufous, the anterior legs palest. 
Veins and stigma pale brownish ; hind wings smoky outwardly ; antenne 
21-jointed. 


9. Reddish; sides of thorax above wings and abdomen, except at 
tip, black ; a black shade below sub-ventrally, especially on abdomen and 
on anterior femora; antenne black, 21-jointed. Cross-nervure of lance- 
olate cell hardly oblique. 


The following synopsis will separate the larve of Lophyrus at present | 


described in works to which I have access :— 


Larva without spots ; head black (Abies)........ Lophyrus abietis. 


Larva with angular black spots. 


Head black, no sub-ventral spots (Pinus 


SHODUS) 2... b+ ss smneeyao pales » psu nate DAMIEN ee OO 


Head red; small sub-ventral black spots (Pinus rigida, 


EC), nn sao gp « pe) «+ be gp edndaye joie ete vie ie 8, ap oO D7 een ae 


‘ 


Megan erate 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zi 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 
XII. THe HypropHiLip& OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC (concluded). 
This paper can scarcely be considered in any sense an original one, 
since it consists almost entirely of tables published in greater detail by 
Dr. Horn in his reviews of this portion of the Hydrophilide. By 
removing the extra-limital forms, I have been able in some cases to 
modify the synopses so as to make them a little easier to follow, and it 
is hoped that they will prove of use to many students of the Canadian 
fauna who may not see the more complete originals. With this prelude, 
which will place the credit where it properly belongs, we may proceed. 


PHILHYDRUS, Sol. 


With this genus commences a series of less convex and usually 
shining black species, which are common along the edges of ponds and 
creeks, rising to the surface, after the manner of the Helophori, when 
the water is agitated. Some of them resemble each other very closely, 
but may be thus distinguished : 

A. Above paler, testaceous to pale piceous. 
b. Prosternum distinctly carinate (.14-.18 in.)....#ebudosus, Say. 
bb. Prosternum not carinate. 
c. Mesosternal lamina very feeble, the anterior edge without 
distinct angle (.14-.16 in.)............ochraceus, Mels. 
cc. Mesosternal lamina prominent, with distinct angle. 

Thorax piceous on the disk (.16-.22 in.).amzltonz, Horn. 

Thorax entirely testaceous (.18-.24 in.)....@iffusus, Lec. 


AA. Above black or piceous black, margin sometimes pale. 
d. Transversely very convex ; larger species. 
Thorax and elytra with pale border (.26-.28 in.).cénctus, Say. 
No pale border present (.28-.32 in.)..........consors, Lec. 
dd. Sub-depressed ; smaller species (.16-.22 in.).. perplexus, Lec. 


HELOCHARES, Muls. 


Contains H. maculicollis, Muls.: .16-.22 in. long; yellowish or 
testaceous above, with a rather large piceous thoracic spot; head 
more or less piceous. Elytra with two series of coarse punctures on 
each (situated on the fifth and ninth intervals), and with ten moderately 
deep impressed striz. 


214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


CympBiopyta, Bedel. 
Form very broadly oval; serial. punctures of elytra distinct at sides 


(Ca6=.28 im. )iee. iss an os ERE = oo, eo Sc ener 
Form oval, serial Bunchures aieunet (.18-.22 in.)........fimbriata, Mels. 
Form oblong, serial punctures wanting (.16-.18 in.)......Zacustris, Lec. 


HeELocomsus, Horn. 

Contains a rather large species (77. bifidus, Lec.), .22-.28 in. long, 
resembling the well-known /ydrobius fuscifes, L.., from which it may be 
separated by having the last joint of the a elliy. palpi shorter than the 
preceding. 

Hyprostius, Leach. 

This name is now applied only to the larger species thereunder 
included in the Check List, the small ones going into Creniphilus. They 
separate thus : 

A. Brownish, elytra tessellate with darker (.28-.30 in.)..tesse//atus, Ziegl. 
AA. Black or piceous above. 
b. Form oblong, elytra striz distinct (.26-.32 in.)..fuscipes, Linn. 
bb. Form short, very convex, elytra punctate in rows. 
Hind femora opaque and pubescent near base and along 


upper border (.30 4n:) .eteey s+ 15 ee meavOSUS, Save 
Hind femora simply closely punctate near base, not pubes- 
cent 4.34 In.). oa). thas See» «Sanaa ey eS lle 


CRENIPHILUS, Mots. 

Smaller than the preceding, and usually found about pools. In 
form they differ among themselves, but are usually elliptical in outline 
and very convex. In the following table the name /emznadis, Lec., is 
replaced by zzfuscatus, Mots.: , 

A. Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide ; elytra narrowed behind, 
testaceous at sides (.06-.08 in.)........... .. suturalis, Lec. 
AA. Form ellipticai, convex, not much lease han ile 

Colour above brownish to ochraceous {.08—.10 

bib ae eee : Re ce .. tnfuscatus, Mots. 
Colour above Black « or piceous, more or oe ‘beeen 
Presternum distinctly carinate (.06-.08 in.).swbcupreus, Say. 
Prosternum simple (.10-.14 in.)............@igestus, Lec. 
Crrcyon, Leach. 

The species of this genus are mostly small ; black or piceous, as a 

rule, and with more or less yellow on the tips of the elytra or sides of 


e 


ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 


the thorax. They are found on the sea-coasts under debris of various 
sorts, or inland about decaying animal and vegetable matter. A number 
of the names on the Canadian lists do not appear in the synopsis, having 
been reduced to synonymy as follows: the name /mdbatus gives way to 
lateralis, flavipes and nigricollis to melanocephalus, while  centro- 
maculatus becomes nigriceps. ‘The figures of the metasternum are copied 
from Dr. Horn, and illustrate the characters on which the table is based. 
_ A. Mesosternal area median only (fig. 14, a). 

b. Thorax with incomplete basal line, elytra 
with large piceous post-median sutural 
spot (.12 in.)......umipunctatus, Linn. 

bb. Thorax without basal line. 
c. Form oval, less convex, head oblique. 

d. Elytra with sharply limited yellowish apical space. 

Apical spot extending along sides (.10-.12 
a0 Gd ee RN eS AST ee ol pretextatus, Say. 

Apical spot not extending along sides 

(asks 150) ee mama ee) ote Bnd .....0cellatus, Say. 
dd. Elytra indefinitely paler at apex. 
Elytra > rufocastaneous, tip paler (.10-.12 


Teac ss sie. - eR le oe, LATCH ALIS) NLATSINe 

Elytra piceous, paler at tip, eighth interval biseriately 
punctured (.10o-—12 in.)........¢destinctus, Horn. 

Elytra piceous, tip paler, eighth interval uniseriately 
punctured, (.c8-. ve! Msi. alte.) 2 anal, Pay, 

cc. Form very short and convex, head vertical. 

Surface opaque (06 in.) .............°.. dugubris, Payk. 
Surface shining (.06 in.)........ ....2avicudaris, Zimm. 


AA. Metasternal area laterally extended (fig. 15, b). 
e. Thorax entirely black ; no basal line. 

f. Elytra piceous with pale apex, vary- 
ing to castaneous ; surface distinct- 
ly punctulate (.10-.12 

Fig. 15. in.).... . ....Aemorrhoidalis, Fabr. 

ff. Elytra reddish, scutellar triangle and humeral stripe piceous. 
Palp1 pale, epipleure piceous (.08.-.10 

yee el 1. idan numge .melamocepnaces, Linn, 

Palpi with last joint piceous, epipleure pale (05.-.08 

i eo a eS ana ee oeeee e. pyemeus, Ih, 


216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


ee. Thorax pale at sides, basal line distinct. Elytra pale 

with transverse piceous post-median band 
(.05.-08 in.).. weaide sos fo tla MERTICEDS Nia 

Speen abe 
S. scarabeoides, Linn., has twice been reported from 
Canada, once in considerable numbers. It is a shining 
black insect about .25 in. long, the elytra with a reddish 
basal spot and a much larger terminal one. The colour 
varies a great deal in European specimens, but the species 
can easily be separated from any American Sphzeridiini by 
its large size. The figure (fig. 16) is made from an English Fig. 16. 


specimen. 
MEGASTERNUM, Muls. 

M. posticatum, Mann., has been (perhaps erroneously) recorded 
here. It is about .o8 in. long, convex, blackish, subopaque, elytra paler 
at tip, the sides of the thorax and a humeral spot less distinctly so. 
Elytra finely striate, striae punctured indistinctly at middle, plainly at 
sides and apex. Legs rufopiceous. 

CRYPTOPLEURUM, Muls. 

C. minutum, Fabr. (vagans, Lec,), represents the genus in Canada 
and may be known by the generic character given in the table in addition 
to its small size—.o8 in.—rather deeply striate elytra, which are pale at 
apex and often also at sides, and the sparse pubescence, which is, 
however, often rubbed off in old or poorly-preserved specimens. 

The principal works available for the study of the North American 
Hydrophilidz are:-— 

1855. Leconte, J. L., Synopsis of the Hydrophilidz of the United States. 
em Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VII., pp. 356-375. 
1833. Horn, Geo. H., Revision of the genera and species of the tribe 

‘© Hydrobiini. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII., pp. 118-137. 
1876:°Horn, Geo. H., Synoptic tables of some genera of Coleoptera, 
-(isv «with notes and synonymy. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., V., pp. 246-252. 
1378. ;f-econte, J. L., and Schwarz, A. E., The Coleoptera of Florida. 

Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XVIL., pp. 353-472 (Cyclonotum and 
Ochthebius). 
rsigdh ‘Hrn,’Geo. H., Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal 
2yosoig America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII., pp. 17-26. 
1890. Horn, Geo. H., Notes on some Hydrobiini of Boreal America, l. 


iT 2VG% PPA @37—278. 
1890... 2 dforp, Geo. ah A revision of the Spheeridiini inhabiting Boreal 


AL sand MECH . Cy Pp. 279-314. 


LIST OF COLEOPTERA COLLECTED AT MASSETT, QUEEN 


2931. 
2951. 
2952. 


2953: 


3058. 


3262. 
3315. 
3316. 


3348. 
3363. 


3366. 


3382. 
3384. 


3486. 


3662. 
3699. 


3707. 
3709. 
3727. 
3765. 
3767. 
3768. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 217 


CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, B. C. 
BY REV. J. H. KEEN. 
(Continued from page 172.) 

Ptenidium pullum, Mak].—Not rare. In grass tufts in winter. 

Trichopteryx xanthocera, Matth.—Rare. Under log in February. 

Trichopteryx parallelopipeda, Matth.—Rare. In grass tufts in 
February. 

Trichopteryx diffinis, Matth— Common in November in seed pods 
of foxglove. 

Trichopteryx (?).—Numerous. 

Coccinella g-notata, Hbst.—Abundant in summer. Emerge from 
pupal state during July. 

Coxelus pacificus, Horn.— Rare under bark. 

Pediacus depressus, Hbst.—Ground ; 7th May, 1891. 

Cucujus puniceus, Mann.—Occurs sparingly under bark. Flies in 
May.. 

Dendrophagus glaber, Lec.— Not rare ; under loose bark of fences. 

Henoticus serratus, Gyll.—Abundant in decaying leaves and on 
skins. 

Cryptophagus, sp.—One only taken on dry skin. 

Atomaria planulata, Makl.—Four only, taken in rotten grass in July. 

Atomaria Kamtschatica, Mots.—In moss in February. 

Atomaria, n. sp.—Window ; one specimen taken. 

Hister foedatus, Lec.—One only taken, under rotten crab in garden 
in June. [Four taken subsequently. | 

Pyromalus mancus, Casey.—Two taken zz cog., March 3oth, in 
crevice of bark of spruce stump. 

Brachypterus troglodytes, Murray.—Numerous on nettles in May 
and June. 

Epurea ambigua, Mann.—Abundant in April under loose bark of 
felled spruce. 

Epurea fulvescens, Horn.—Not numerous. Berry bushes in June. 

Epurea truncatella, Mann.—Common in July, under rotten turnips. 

Omosita colon, L.—Common during summer on hones. 

Rnhizophagus sculpturatus, Mann.—Not rare, under loose bark, 

Rhizophagus dimidiatus, Mann.—Under loose bark. 

Rhizophagus brunneus, Horn,—One only in June on dry log. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


. Stephostethus liratus, Lec.—Common on dry skins and leaves. 


Lathridius costicollis, teste Casey. 


. Corticaria herbivagans, Lec.—Rare. In moss in February; in 


rotten grass in April. 


. Peltis pippingskoeldi, Mann.—One only in July. 
_ Peltastica tuberculata, Mann.—Common in larder, on bread, etc. 
. Amphicyrta simplicipes, Mann.—Occasionally in moss at tree roots 


in winter. 


. Simplocaria nitida, Mots.—Numerous in moss at tree roots all 


winter. 


. Pedilophorus acuminatus, Mann.—Not rare. In moss during 


winter. 


. Heterocerus tristis, Mann.—Common in summer on green patches 


covered by tide at high water. 


. Eucinetus infumatus, Lec.—Occasionally in water-bits. Once 


occurred in large numbers under loose bark of decaying spruce 
(in January), where larvae, pupz and adults were all represented, 


. Eucinetus testaceus, Lec. (pale specimens)—Occurred with above- 


mentioned Lucinetus infumatus colony. 


. Epiphanis cornutus, Esch.—Rare. On skins in July. 
. Cryptohypnus musculus, Esch.—Rare. Under driftwood. 
. Elater nigrinus, Payk.—Occasionally beaten from bashes under 


loose bark, 17 May, 1891. 


. Megapenthes stigmosus, Lec.—Common during August. 


Athous ferruginosus, Esch.—Abundant in July and August. 


. Corymbites resplendens, Esch.—Not rare. On wing during May. 
. Corymbites furtivus, Lec. 

. Corymbites caricinus, Germ.—Frequent in n June on spruce. 

. Corymbites caricinus, Germ., var. umbricola, Esch.—Common on 


wing from May onwards. Seen zz cop., May 19. 
Corymbites spectabilis, Mann.—One only taken in July on wing. 


. Throscus validus, Lec.—Common in windows in June. Never 


taken out of doors. 


. Eros simplicipes, Mann.—Occasional. Flying during May. 

. Podabrus piniphilus, Esch.—Common. 

. Silis pallida, Mann..-Commonly swept from grass in June. 

. Telephorus divisus, Lec.—Frequent in May and June on green 


patches covered by tide at high water, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 219 


5274. 


5467. 
5471. 


5476. 
5523. 
5644. 
5970. 


5983. 


6232. 
6299. 
6350. 
6367. 
7226, 


7501. 
7584. 


7723- 
7728, 


777°: 
7997. 


8288. 


Hadrobregmus gibbicollis, Lec.—Rare. Taken on wing in July. 

Platycerus Keeni, Casey.—Only one colony found, under a drift- 
log on sandy beach in April. A few probably immature speci- 
mens still retained a slightly reddish tinge. About a dozen 
were taken. 

Aigialia cylindrica, Esch.—Numerous under driftwood in May. 


Afgialia crassa, Lec.—Under log on sandy beach, April 2oth. 
Numerous in summer, crawling on sand hills. 

Psammodius ceelatus, Lec.—-Frequent under driftwood on beach. 

Aphodius ruricola, Mels.—Common in excrement. 

Hoplia Sackenti, Lec., var.—One specimen only, found on ground. 

Asemum atrum, Esch.—Not common. Under bark and on wing 
in May. 

Opsimus quadrilineatus, Mann.—Found under bark in January. 

Opsimus quadrilineatus (black var.).—Not uncommon; under bark 
of spruce fences all winter. 


Rhagium lineatum, Oliv. 

Leptura obliterata, Hald. 

Leptura Behrensii, Lec.—Wing-cases only found. February 18 ; 
under loose spruce bark. 

Plectrura spinicauda, Mann.—Common on spruce during summer. 
Varies much in size. 


Phellopsis porcata, Lec.—-Rare. Two specimens only taken ; one 
under bark, the other in a window. 

Phaleria globosa, Lec.—Numerous in April, crawling on sand. 

Avgialites debilis, Mann.—Several tuken together with the larve. 

Marolia Holmburghiii—Common from March onwards on spruce. 

Rhinosimus viridizneus, Rand—Frequently beaten from spruce 
and other trees in April. 

Ditylus quadricollis, Lec.—Common under logs on sandy beach 
in June and July. 

Anaspis rufa, Say —Common during summer on Umbellifere. 

Dendroides ephemeroides, Mann.—Under alder bark. Not rare. 
Emerges from pupal form in July. 

Sciopithes obscurus, Horn.—Invariably from trees; never on the 
ground. (See 8297.) Common during summer. Beaten from 
berry bushes. . 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


. Geoderces melanothrix, Kirby.—Under chips on the ground in 


great numbers and seldom on trees. (See 8288.) 


. Trichalophus didymus, Lec.—Not common. Under logs and in 


rotton grass. 


. Emphyastes fucicola, Mann.—Occurs but se!dom, but then in great 


numbers. Under logs half buried in sand, during: spring. 


. Plinthus carinatus, Boh.—Our commonest weevil. Under logs. 
. Pissodes costatus, Mann.—Not common. Beaten from spruce in 


April. 


. Phycoccetes testaceus, Lec.—Not rare. Under drift-logs on beach 


in spring. 


. Trachodes ptinoides, Germ.—Common. Under drift-logs on 


beach in spring. Seen zz cop., June 2nd, 


. Trachodes 4-tuberculatus, Mots.x—Not common. Found in July. 


Occasionally in moss at tree roots in winter. 


. Trachodes horridus, Mann.—Common, under logs, 


. Elassoptes marinus, Horn.—Found in extensive colonies under 


drift-logs in May. 


. Rhyncolus brunneus, Mann.—Not rare ; in rotten wood. 


Rhyncolus, n. sp.—Rare ; under driftwood on sandy beach in May 
and June. 


.. Pityophthorus nitidulus, Mann.—Not rare. 
. Xyloterus bivittatus, Kirby,—Occurs sparingly on newly-cut logs 


and in moss at tree roots in winter. 


. Dryoccetes autographus, Ratz.—Under spruce bark. 


. Xylocleptes concinnus, Mann.—Very numerous in newly-fallen 


timber. 


. Micracis hirtella, Lec.—Not rare. 
. Hylesinus sericeus, Mann.—Not uncommon in dead bark. 


. Dendroctonus rufipennis, Kirby, var. obesus (black form).—Fairly 


numerous in bark of newly-cut timber. 


. Dolurgus pumilus, Mann.—Common in spruce bark. 


Hylurgops glabratus.—Common under spruce. 


. Euscaphurus saltator, Casey—Common on under side of logs in 


damp places. [3987. Dascyllidz. ] 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. py 


PRELIMINARY STUDIES IN SIPHONAPTERA—VII. 
BY CARL.. F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 


The following list embraces all described species of the order Siphon- 
aptera. For descriptions of all species known at the present time, see 
the preceding papers of this series, where will also be found a partial 
bibliography. For the complete bibliography and synonymy of all species 
published up to 1880, see Taschenberg’s Die Flohe. 


Order SIPHONAPTERA, Latr. 


Family Sarcopsyllide, 'Tschb. 
Genus Sarcopsylla, West. 
1. S. penetrans, L. 2. S. gallinacea, West. 
3. S. grossiventris, Weyenb. 
Genus Rhynchopsylla, Haller. 
4. R. pulex, Haller. 
Family Vermipsyllide, Wagner. 
Genus Vermipsylla, Schimk. 
5. V. alacurt, Schimk. 
Family Pudicide, Tschb. 
Genus Pudex, Linn. 


6. P. kerguelensis, Tschb. 20. P. ignotus, Baker. 

7. P. tuberculaticeps, Bezzi. 21. P. hirsutus, Baker. 

8. P. globiceps, Tschb. 22. P. Bruneri, Baker. 

g. P. pallidus, Tschb. 23. P. sciurorum, Bouche. 
1o. P. simulans, Baker. 24. P. melis, Walk. 

11. P. irritans, L. 25. P. longispinus, Baker. 
12. P. echidne, Denny. 26. P. montanus, Baker. 
13. P..avium, Tschb. 27, P. pencilliger, Grube. 
14. P. glacialis, Tschb. 28. P. metallescens, Kol. 
15. P. Wickhami, Baker. 29. P. gigas, Kirby. 

16. P. Gillettei, Baker. 30. P. serraticeps, Gerv. 
17. P. fasciatus, Bosc. 3'T. eeeerimacel, Bouche. 
18. P. Howardii, Baker. 32. P. ineequalis, Baker. 
19. P. coloradensis, Baker. 33. P. goniocephalus, Tschb. 


Genus Hystrichopsylla, Tschb. 
34. H. obtusiceps, Ritsema. 

Genus Stephanocircus, Skuse, 
35. S. dasyuri, Skuse. 


999 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


36. T. unipectinata, Tschb. 42. T. caucasica, Tschb. 
37. T. octactenus, Kol. 43. T. assimilis, Tschb. 
38. T. hexactenus, Kol. 44. T. gracilis, Tschb. 
39. T. pentactenus, Kol. 45. T. fraterna, Baker. 
40. T. dictenus, Kol. 46. T. alpina, Baker. 

41. T. musculi, Duges. 47. T. americana, Baker. 


THE GENERIC TYPES INCLUDED IN APATELA. 
BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In 1875-6 I pointed out that the earliest name for the genus, which 

is commonly called “ Acronycta” by authors, is ApateZa, Hubn., 1806; 

the type and sole species cited in the Tentamen being the European 

A. aceris. My attempts to group the American species and bring them 

into correspondence with the European forms under subgeneric titles are 

unsatisfactory, as I have not been able to compare sufficiently the 

European species in all stages with our own. I have thought it useful to 

give here a list of the generic names used by me with their types. These 

latter must be carefully studied in any revision of the group, so that the 
natural limits of the divisions can be ascertained. In view of the fact 
that the larvze differ quite strongly in different species, these peculiarities 
having probably arisen under adaptation to mode of life and environ- 
ment, also from mimicry, it will be interesting to correlate the groups by 
characters drawn from all the stages. At the same time it will be safer to 
found subgeneric divisions only upon peculiarities, however slight, offered 
by the moths alone, 

APATELA. 

1806. Hubn., Tent. 1, acer’s. Sole species and therefore type. 

1816. Ochs. 4, 62, refers acevis with thirteen other species to the genus 
Acronicta, and cites Hubner’s Apatese as synonymous.  After- 
wards the name is credited to Stephens or Ochsenheimer, and 
Hubner’s connection with the name is overlooked. 

1875. Grt., Bull. B.S. N. H. 2, 213, refers the N. Am. species hitherto 
placed under Acronycta to Apate/a and designates aceris as the type. 

ACRONICTA. 

1816. Ochs. 4, 62: /eporina with thirteen other species. 

1818. Hubn., Verz, 201: /eporina and bradyporina alone, thus restricting 
the term, 


EN 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223 


1874. Grt., List Noct. 7, takes /eporzna as the type. 

This name, altered in spelling to “ Acronycta,” is used generally by 
authors for the entire genus, but it should be restricted to the group 
indicated by me, Papilio, 3, 68, of which the European Zeforzna is typical, 
and. to which our American /epusculina, felina and vulpina appear to 
belong. 

HYBoMa. 
1818, Hubn., Verz. 200: strigosa and unicornis, 


The latter is a Notodontian belonging to Schizura,and strigosa should 
apparently be taken as type. I have not compared the species and do 
not know whether it has allies in the American fauna or not. 


TRIAENA. 

1818. Hubn., Verz. 200: psz, cuspis, tridens, tritona and an undescribed 
species. 

1883. Grt., Papilio, 3, 67: designates psz as type and refers here as well 
a number of American species. ‘This group has been treated by 
some European authors as of structural value (consult Guen. Spec. 
Géneral). Occidentalis is a typical representative American 
species. 


JOCHEAERA. 


1818. Hubn., Verz. 201: a/ni. Sole species and therefore type. 
1883. Grt., Papilio, 3, 111: designates a/uz as type and refers here our 
North American funera/is. 


PHARETRA. 
1818. Hubn., Verz. 202: Auricoma and menyanthidis. 


The type may be taken as auricoma. By a singular error I have 
taken this species as the type of the subgenus Afate/a in Papilio, 3, 115, 
repeating the mistake in Can. Env., XVII., 94, where I have written 
“auricoma” in the text instead of ‘‘aceris” on page 94, the latter 
species being, from the context, evidently the one intendec. In the list 
of species (p. 96) I have again wrongly used Afate/a for the subgenus 
instead of Pharetra. The species in our fauna there cited are assumed 
by me to belong to the group of arzcoma, and this seems certainly to be 
in part probable. 

ARCTOMYSCIS. 
1818. Hubn., Verz. 202: aceris, euphorbie, esula, euphrasia, cyparissia, 
megacephala, 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


1883. Grt., Papilio 3, 113, takes ewphrasie as type, and refers the North 

American sferata as belonging here. 

The genus, as proposed by Hubner, has mixed contents, and it seems 
quite certain that acer7s is not structurally identical with exphrasie. 

Two names proposed by myself: merolonche with the type spinea, and 
Lulonche with the type ob/inita, may be assumed, with but little doubt, 
as being of generic importance. There remain to be considered JZeg- 
acronicta with the type americana, probably distinct structurally from either 
aceris or leporina; Lepitoreuma with the type ovata, and Mastiphanes 
with the type xyliniformis. None of these groups seem to be repre- 
sented in Europe, so far as my studies of the European species allow me 
to judge at present. The larval forms of these subgeneric types will 
throw some light on the phylogeny of the group, but are perhaps chiefly 
interesting as illustrating the range of character shown by the independent 
larval stage. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


RaMBLES IN ALPINE VaLLeys, by J. W. Tutt, F.E.S.; 208 pages, 5 
plates. London: Swan, Sonnenschien & Co. (Price, 3s. 6d.) 


The editor of the “ Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Varia- 
tion” has added another to his popular books on the beauties of Nature. 
Tis time he takes the reader abroad to the lovely scenery of Switzerland, 
on the Italian slopes of Mont Blanc, where he wanders for the most part 
out of the beaten track of the ordinary tourist. Much of the volume is 
filled with charming pen-pictures of the infinite variety of grandeur and 
beauty to be found among the lofty mountain tops, the towering crags, 
the densely-wooded ravines and the dashing torrents of this secluded 
Alpine region. The eye of the naturalist does not fail to observe the 
marvellous variety of animal and vegetable life that is to be found in 
this limited area, and the author describes many a plant and flower, and 
especially the gay butterflies and pretty moths with which the region 


abounds. Some of the most interesting passages are those that deal 
with the phenomena of variation caused by environment, the results of 
the glacial epoch in the distribution of species, the effect of altitude on 
plants and insects, the evolution of the genus Co/cas, the production of 
colours, the causes of hibernation, and other topics which arise from time 
to time as the author rambles through the valleys or climbs the Alpine 
hills. The perusal of such a book as this must help the reader to see 
and observe, and lead him on to think out for himself the causes and the 
objects of the life that everywhere surrounds him, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225 


List oF NorTH AMERICAN EUPTEROTID®, PTILODONTID#, THYATIRIDA, 
APATELIDZ AND AGROTID@: By A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., 
ABHANDLUNGEN DES NATURINSSENSCHAFTLICHEN WVEREINS ZU 
BrREMEN., VOL. XIV., 1895. 


In this list are given, besides the usual series of names and synonyms, 
the habitat of each species, the dates of the genera with their synonyms, 
and the family and generic types. ‘‘ The present list aims to give the 
proper application of the oldest generic names and to fix the exact type.” 
Therefore, certain changes are made from the accepted nomenclature, 
which we may briefly notice. Ptilodontidee for Notodontide, from the 
Ptilodonte of Hubner, which appears to be the oldest application for this 
family. In the family certain generic changes are made. Chatfieldia, 
Grt., n. gen. to include Phersia simplaria and P. basitriens; Ptilodon, 
Hubn., to replace Lophopteryx, Steph.; Eunystalea, Grt., n. gen. to 
include /Vystalea indiana. Lochmaeus and Seirodonta are recognized as 
valid genera. 

In the Thyatiride, Persiscota, Grt., n. gen. to include Zuthyatira 
lorata, semicircudaris and candida. ‘The Apatelide include those genera 
formerly known as Bombycoide. The definition of the family appears 
to rest upon larval characters, and we should expect to find in it only 
those species of noctuidz which have ‘‘ Bombycid” (2, e. Arctian) larve 
—that is, with the abdominal feet equally developed and the tubercles 
converted into warts. The larve of several of our genera are still 
unknown, but Mr. Grote includes Raphia among his Apatelide, though 
the larva has the two anterior pair of feet smaller than the other, and the 


setee perfectly simple and single throughout its life-history. On the other | 


hand some of the genera at the head of the next family should probably 
be placed among the Apatelide. This is certainly the case with AZicro- 
coelia fragilis, the larva of which I discovered last year. Mr. Grote uses 
the name Apatela, Hubn., instead of Acronycta. The name Agrotide is 
proposed for the customary Noctuidee, as the term Noctua is preoccupied 
in Birds. The list is not complete in this family. ‘The subfamilies 
Catocaline and Deltoidine are not given.” Under Agrotis the genitalic 
divisions of Prof. Smith are given subgeneric value only, a proceeding 
which commends itself to the present reviewer. For ||Noctua,the Hubnerian 
term Amathes is employed ; for Rhizagrotis, Smith, Ogygia, Hubn. For 
further details the list itself may profitably be consulted. 
Harrison G, Dyar, 


226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BEETLES OF NEw ENGLAND AND THEIR KIND; a guide to know them 
readily. By Edward Knobel. Boston: Bradlee Whidden, 18 Arch 
Street... (Price, 5o.cents.) 

Every collector of insects naturally desires to obtain the names of 
the specimens that he has procured. Any work that will help him in 
this respect is to be welcomed, and no doubt many a beginner will be 
glad to know of this cheap ‘‘ Guide to Beetles,” whose brief descriptions 
and hundreds of wood cuts will enable him to identify many of the 
conspicuous specimens that he meets with. It is a praiseworthy attempt 
to popularize the collecting of insects, and will, we trust, encourage many 
after they have found out the names to go on and study the life-history 
and structure of these interesting creatures. It implies a singular want 
of care to find that so many of the names are incorrectly spelt, when 
a reference to Henshaw’s List would so easily have prevented a defect of 
this kind. 


NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES. 


Years ago, when Mr. Edwards made his interesting experiments: with 
chrysalids of Phyciodes tharos by exposing them to a low degree of 
temperature, artificially produced, the results obtained in the way of 
suffusion in the butterflies emerging from them led one to look for like 
“Tesults from similar out-of-door exposure. The climatic conditions this 
year in this locality were especially favourable for such results. A period 
of unprecedented heat, from May 13-18, was followed by a cold wave of 
a week’s duration, accompanied by two frosts. 

On the second of June I found a specimen of P. ¢haros fresh from 
the chrysalis and much suffused, the ground colour of the wings above 
being almost black, with a thin sprinkling of orange-coloured scales and 
two or three orange-coloured spots near the base of each, and a sub- 
marginal row of orange-coloured crescents on the secondaries. It is 
considerably darker than any figured by Mr. Edwards on Plate II. of 
Phyciodes in his “Butterflies of North America.” The capture is 
interesting, as the specimen must have been in the chrysalis state during 
the cold period. 

On the 30th of May I took a fresh specimen of Feniseca Targuinius 
in Malden, and another on the 17th of June in Wollaston. Both of these 
localities are within three miles of Boston. So far as I know these are 
the first instances of its capture in Mass., east of the Connecticut River 
valley. 


THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 237 


During June, I also took in Wollaston three specimens of AmdZy- 
scirtes samoset, an exceedingly rare insect in this vicinity. 
Wollaston, Mass. FRANK H. SPRAGUE. 


Mr. James Walker reports the capture of Zhecla acadica at Orillia, in 
the middle of July. 

Mr. J. Alston Moffat states that Avgynnis Atlantis has for the first 
time been taken at London at the end of June and during July; it has 
also been abundant at Sarnia and Windsor. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


MELSHEIMER’S SACK BEARER. 


Mr. C. G. Anderson has contributed of his own capture, a fine 
specimen, and the first in the Society’s collection, of that interesting, and, 
with me, rare moth Perophora Melsheimerii, Harris. I have never met 
with it in my collecting. I have often found its cases and living larva 
within when beating bushes, but never succeeded in rearing them, As 
‘they pass the winter in the larval state, I could not keep them ina 
dormant condition until their food plant, the oak, came out in spring. 
It is a handsome insect, with finely-curved costal edges and hooked tips 
to its front wings; bearing a strong resemblance, as Harris remarks, to 
Bombyx mori; but more attractive in colour and ornamentation. 

J. Auston Morrar. 


ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 


The Seventh Annual Meeting of the Association of Economic 
Entomologists will be held at Springfield, Mass., on the two days 
immediately preceding the general sessions of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, 7. ¢., Tuesday and Wednesday, August 
27 and 28, 1895. Room 4, second floor of the High School, has been 
assigned for this purpose, where the meetings will be called to order at 
to A. M. and 2 P. M. on the days mentioned. 

Information as to hotel and railroad rates, together with the prelim- 
inary announcement of the A. A. A. S., may be obtained by addressing 
W. A. Webster, local Secretary, Springfield, Mass. 


C.. L. Maruatr 
Prof. J. B. SMITH, (Washington, D. C.), 
President, Secretary. 


228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Sir,—I desire, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 
to acknowledge the receipt—through Mr. H. H. Lyman, of Montreal— 
of the specimens of Nemeophila petrosa and plantaginis from which the 
plate was made for illustrating Mr. Bean’s paper in the April number of 


Can. ENT.,—1n excellent condition. \ 
J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 


DEGHUEE ALUMNI. 


A dinner was given to Prof. Jos. Deghuéde, of the old State Street 
School, Brooklyn, N. Y., on April oth, by seventy graduates. Among 
these were Senator Luxow; F. W. Hinoides, Registrar; Rufus Zogbaum, 
Artist; Cashier William Halls; DeWitt Webb; John H. Walsh, and 
other prominent officials and merchants. The School is of interest as 
haying turned out three students of American Entomology: Ed. L. Graef, 
who presided on this occasion; Fred Tepper, and A. Radcliffe Grote, 
whose names are known to readers of the Can. Ent. Prof. Deghuée is. 
a graduate of the University of Bonn, and for fifty years has been active — 
as a teacherin Brooklyn. The following lines, by A. Radcliffe Grote, 
were sent by the author from Bremen, and were read during the evening 
by Mr. Albert Steiner :— 

A moment pause! The air is stirred 
From far across the main ; 

A scholar’s waiting for the word, 
Wants to be heard again. 


Look round the board! Of all you taught, 
If few attend to-day — 

If any of us came to naught, 
If Others made their way. 


All loved you. More can not be said, 
O, teacher, wise and true ! 

The light that you upon us shed, 
In love returns to you. 


Fill for the absent ones a cup, 
Whose hearts are yours alway ; 
And fill the goblet brimming up— 
A thousand healths—Deghucée / 


Mailed August 2nd, 1895. 


The Ganatiay Entomologist. 


“VOL. XXVIL. LONDON, SEPTE MBER, 1895. No. « 9 


NOTES ON COLLECTING BUTTERFLIES IN WE ST ERN 
COLORADO,-WITH A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT 
OF ‘GERTAIN PAPIEFOS. 
BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA. 

In Vol. XXV., p. 253, I gave some account of the dimorphism of 
P. Bairdii, mainly from the observations and experiments of Mr. David 
Bruce. From what he had seen at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, he had 
satisfied himself that not only Bairdii and Oregonia were one species, 
but that P. Hol/andii, Edw., formed part of the same. Though the two 


first named differ in facies more decidedly than do Zurnus and Rutulus, 


and Ruftu/us and either Lurymedon or Daunus. Hollandii looks on the 
upper side like Bazrdiz, but beneath, while in general like Lazrdiz, the 
yellow spots are larger, making the surface much gayer. But the 
notable difference is in the markings of the body ; /o//andii having the 
yellow, black-striped body of Oregonza (as well as Zolicaon and Machaon), 
while Bairdii has the solid black body of Astertas, with similar rows of 
yellow dots. Aol/andii therefore has the body of Ovegonia, with the 
wings of Bairdii, the latter somewhat modified. 

In 1892, Mr. Bruce obtained eggs by confining a Bairdi 2 over 
the food plant, and out of two pupe which alone survived a catastrophe 
at his home (Brockport, N. Y.) came a Lazrdiz imago the next spring in 
his hands, and a female Oregonia with me. Mrs. Peart had received a 
few of the larve out of that lot of eggs, and from these came one Bairdiz 
and one Oregonia. I related these facts in the paper spoken of, and then 
said that two of the pupe which Mrs. Peart had were still alive, and 
would give butterflies the second year, or in 1894. It turned out that one 
Bairdii Q did come from one of these pupe, April 25th, 1894, but the 
other pupa had died. 

In 1893, at the same place, Mr. Bruce sent me two eggs obtained 
from an Oregonia 2 in confinement, from one of which resulted a Bairdiz 
g the same season, the other larva dying. And about two wecks later 
he sent me another lot of Oregonia eggs, from which I got four Bairaii : 


2¢, 29, the same season, no pupe hibernating. 


230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


If there was no error in getting the eggs, such as overlooking eggs 
that had been laid on the plant before the female was tied to it, then there 
could be no question of dimorphism, for the eggs that I received were 
mailed the day they were laid, so that there was no opportunity for any 
mixing up of larve. As Mr. Bruce is an entomologist of many years’ 
experience, and had, as he assured me, taken the utmost care in these 
experiments, knowing their importance, the facts showed dimorphism, and 
of a remarkable sort. There was nothing like it in the North American 
butterfly fauna. 


Mr. Bruce’s visits to Glenwocd Springs began in 1888, and from the 
first he had noticed that Bairdii and Oregonia were always associated, 
and in about equal numbers. But it was a long time before he discovered 
the food plant. Some one brought nim 4 green, black-striped caterpillar, 
taken on Artemisia dracunculoides, which looked like an Asterzas in its 
last stage. From the pupa produced came a 4airdiz imago. Then he 
began to get eggs by confining the females over the Artemisia. It seems 
a strange food for one of the Astertas or Machaox groups; all the known 
species, except P. /wdra (that is to say, all the species whose larve are 
known), feeding on Umbelliferze, fennel, carrots, and the like. Artemisia 
belongs to the Composite. It is true the larvee of the Papilios I am treat- 
ing of will eat carrot, parsnip and fennel in confinement, but not willingly, 
and both Mr. Bruce and myself, also Mrs. Peart, have found the mortality 
excessive when feeding on those plants. There were large fields of carrots 
about the Springs, and we inquired of several of the owners if they had 
ever noticed the green caterpillars, but found no one who had done so. 
The Artemisia grows everywhere in the valley of Grand River and its 
tributaries, and often covers the ground over large areas. It stands about 
three feet high: a loose, open-growing plant, with many long stems 
shooting up from the base, or branching at a small angle from the main 
stem, and these bear very small leaves. One can look through a large 
clump of it and a caterpillar of the Papilios could not easily escape obser- 
vation. The yellow eggs, too, are in strong contrast with the peculiar 
gray-green of the leaves, and would easily be seen. 


Mr. Bruce has never caught the two forms in copulation, though he 
seemed to miss it more than once by a very little. He had written me 
that on one occasion he saw an Oregonia ¢ pursued by two males same, 
and also by three males Zazrdz7, rolling through the air like a ball, and so 
low down that he made effort to catch them all with a throw of his net; 


t 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Dou 


but they whirled away and passed out of sight. On another day he had 
seen a newly-emerged female Bardi’, and was near it, but a low inter- 
vening bush prevented him using the net. Just then down pounced a 
male Oregonia, and the pair rose vertically in the air, circling about each 
other—as butterflies do in courtship—and were soon lost to view. These 
and other similar observations had made Mr. Bruce believe firmly in the 
inter-copulation of the two species. 


The relation of the facts then known in the Can. Ent. excited some 
little interest and some surprise, together with more or less incredulity ; 
and I determined to accompany Mr. Bruce on his 1894 trip to Glenwood 
Springs, if he would let me, and go through the necessary experiments 
with him. ‘Though if I had been as well acquainted with Mr. Bruce as 
in his company for six or seven weeks I became, I might have saved 
myself the journey, for nothing can be more thorough than his method 
of working. Nothing escapes him, and he makes no mistakes. But I am 
glad that I had the pleasure of his personal acquaintance and company, 
and I can commend Mr. Bruce as a companion and chaperon through 
Colorado to any lepidopterist in search of pleasure and specimens for his 
collection. 


We reached Glenwood Springs on twenty-ninth June, from Denver, 
by the Rio Grande R. R,, via Pueblo and the Royal Gorge Canon of the 
Arkansas River, which river was followed many hours to Leadville— 
elevation, 11,000 feet; then descended the Eagle River (a tributary of 
the Grand) to the Springs. The Grand River is one of the two 
principal streams which form the Colorado River, the other being Green 
River ;—the junction in Utah. The whole region is semi-desert, and 
nothing grows without irrigation except the native clothing of grasses 
and scrub, and such pines and other trees as will stand the dry climate. 
The sun shone clear nearly every day that I spent at the Springs; very 
hot after 8. a. m.; with occasional showers. But in August, which the 
people call the “rainy season,” there was rain pretty nearly every 
afternoon ; and in all there were two or three days that might properly 
be called rainy. The elevation of the hotel is 5,700 feet—high enough 
to ensure cool nights all the summer; and the mountains rise quite 
abruptly from the river, sometimes precipitously, to the height of 2,500 
or 3,000 feet more. Everywhere the bottoms are narrow, and the road 
above the hotel has been cut out of the slope of the hill. Wherever 
there is a space fit for cultivation, from half an acre to twenty or thirty, 


bo 
Os 
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 


some one is in possession, and the land is irrigated by means of the 
water that comes from every gulch and hollow, producing abundance of 
root crops and all sorts of fruit—apples, plums, peaches; (but no corn). 

The morning after our arrival, Mr. Bruce showed me the river road 
mentioned—a narrow, single track, invariably spoken of as “the trail,” 
now hot, dry, and covered with dust an inch or more thick. Where the hill 
had originally sloped to the water’s edge, the trail had been cut through 
the rocks, and wherever there had been a Jittle wider space, the base of 
the hill to the road was covered with small pieces of rock that had fallen 
from above. All along were clumps of Artemisia dracunculoides, and 
here and there were thistles in bloom. About these last Papilios were 
flying: afew Bairdii, Zolicaon, Daunus, Rutulus, Eurymedon ; not one of 
which I had ever seen in life before. Also on same flowers, Pieris 
Occidentalis, and some Lycaenidae and Hesperids. Satyrus Paulus now 
and then started up from the ground, or was seen flying slowly over the 
broken rocks. We took half-a-dozen male Neominois Dvéonysius, 
Scudder, a rare species described from Arizona or Utah, very little 
known by anybody until Mr. Bruce found it at Glenwood Springs, in 
1888. This butterfly has never been seen on a flower or at water, but 
rises out of the dust at one’s feet and alights at a little distance in dust 
again, or else on the adjacent rocks, springing up like a grasshopper, 
and, like that, turning its body around as soon as it strikes the dust or 
the rocks before settling quietly. The temperature was high, and the 
rocks were hot enough to roast eggs; yet these creatures were manifestly 
comfortable. The Papilios were none of them fresh—most of them 
worn and broken, and evidently they were the last of the early brood. 


The next day, July rst, Mr. Bruce went out alone in the opposite 
direction from the Hotel, and returned about noon with 3 9 Dvonysius, 
4 9 Bairdii, 1 @ Sat. Paulus, and 1 3 Zolicaon ; all which we bagged 
for eggs ; the Papilios on Artemisia, the Satyrids on grass. The Zo/icaon 
seemed to be in just the condition to give eggs, but refused. 


On the 3rd July was brought in a female Oregonia, and a typical ? 
Hollandii. Also 2 2? Bairdii, anda ? Coena. Ochracea, all which were 
tied up. The Mo//andii beat herself in pieces and died without having 
laid an egg; and we never took another female of this form. In all we 
got 38 eggs of Dionysius, 12 of Ochracea, and the Oregonia laid 81. 
The Satyrid eggs were immediately mailed to Mrs. Peart, at Philadelphia, 
who had kindly undertaken to help me in rearing any larve. ‘The 


THE CANADIAN EN'LOMOLOGIST. 233 


Paulus died without eggs; and we were never again able to take a 


/ 


female of this fine species. The butterflies are not uncommon, but live 
among bushes and scrub, where it was not possible to use the net. Dr. 


Skinner has somewhere set down Pau/us as synonymous with Sthened/e, 


which is very wide of the mark indeed. 


July 2nd, a friend who was staying at the Hotel sent us with his 
buckboard and driver up the next mountain trail south and back of the 
Springs. We turned up a ravine through which ran a swift brook, and, 
sometimes walking, sometimes riding, reached a height of about 2,500 
feet above Grand River, going in all perhaps five miles. From the start 
we saw butterflies ; below and along the brook, Satyrus Arcane, Charon, 
and in the bushes, Pau/us; for several hundred feet rise, either in the 
road or on the dry and naked slopes of the hill, Dionysius; and wherever 
there were scrub oaks, Thecla CArysalus, var. citima, H. Edwards. 
Scores of these last could have been taken as they rested on the oak leaves. 
This, according to Mr. Bruce, is the only form of the species taken at 
Glenwood, but to the east, near Denver, it is not found at all, while 
typical Chrysa/us abounds. At about 1,500 feet there was a wide curve 
in the road, and just there was 2 spring from which a little water trickled 
down the track for half-a-dozen rods. Where the road bent, a footpath 
came in from above. Here, about the wet road, and on the path, we had 
a good breathing spell, and took many butterflies: P. occidentalis, P. 
Becherii; Colias Alexandra; Argynnis Vevadensis, A. Behrensit (here- 
tofore reported only from Mendocino County, California, and exceedingly 
rare in collections); Meliteea Pad/a, M. Augusta (another rare Californian 
species); Phyciodes Carlota and Camillus;, Pyr. Cardui; Grapta 
Satyrus; Satyrus Ariane, Charon, Paulus; Chionobas Chryxus (very 
large specimens and very yellow). ‘This last species flew leisurely along, 
alighting on the wet ground, and if disturbed did not fly wildly ; in fact, 
behaved much iike Satyrus MWephele. Took or saw half-a-dozen C, 
Ochracea, most of which came flying down the path spoken of. Nothing 
can be prettier than this insect on the wing, as it flutters along, flying 


_ low, and it appears a great deal brighter yellow than is shown in dead 


specimens. We also took Limenitis Weidemeyerii; Chrysophani 
Virginiensis, Behrit and Zeroe. ‘This last is a very pretty species ; the 
yellow of the under surface much brighter than in dead examples. We 
took about a score of them, all males. Zeroe flies even in British 
Columbia, east cf the Cascade Mountains. Of Lyczna, we took Fu//a, 


234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Clara and Amyntula; of Hesperians, Eudamus Vevada, Nisoniades 
Propertius; Pamphila Campestris; Amblyscirtes Aenus. Higher up the 
mountain we met with nothing new. Although so little rain had fallen, 
and the ground seemed dry as a desert, yet along the entire drive were 
beautiful and showy flowers, great clumps of purple Penstemons, 
white and yellow Oenotheras, and others, the names of which I 
know not. 


On July 6th, Mr. Bruce brought in two great-bodied females Bazrdiz, 
and these gave 117 and 76 eggs respectively. All the Papilios now were 
fresh, and of the second brood of the year. Mr. Bruce also took a 
Neonympha Henshawiz, the first he had ever seen in this region ; also 
Theclas Edwardsii and Titus, and Pholisora Catu//us. 


On the roth, a fine and typical ¢ Hol/andii was taken, matching 
completely the female before spoken of ; and no other such male was 
taken during our stay. A 9? Ovegonia was bagged on the 1rth, and the 
same day a Bairdii, confined two days before, was found to have laid 70 
eggs. 

I had now two lots of eggs of Oregonia and four of Bairdit. When 
the females were bagged, Mr. bruce and I were in all cases together, and 
both examined the plants to see if perchance a stray egg might have 
been previously laid on them by some other Papilio. And I may say 
here that neither of us saw more than an occasional egg on any plant of | 
Artemisia in the six weeks. The plants are by thousands and the 
butterflies few. All the bags wefe back of and close to the electric 
power house of the Hotel, where were conveniences for shading them from 
the fierce heat of the sun, and where there was no danger of trespassers— 
two-legged or four-legged. When the bags were opened, I attended to 
the eggs myself, clipped them off the stems, and put each sort in a box 
by itself. Thenceforth all eggs and larvz were in my room at the Hotel, 
and were attended to solely by myself. So there was nowhere a chance 
of mixing up eggs or larvee, or of error. The bits of stem which carried 
the eggs were placed in glass tumblers, labelled, and when the larve 
hatched, fresh stems were given, and these were changed daily. As the 
larvee grew, they were shifted to tin cans covered with cloth, and overlaid 
by squares of heavy glass, to prevent escape as well as to afford light. 
Treated in this way there was scarcely any loss. 

On 15th July Mr. Bruce left me for Denver and the high peaks 
about Hall Valley, in order to get eggs of Chionobas Gino. From 


bo 
Oo 
Or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Denver he wrote me he had concluded to come back to that place after 
he had worked at Mt. Gibson, and go home. Thereupon I divided the 
six lots of Papilio larvee, and sent him one brood of Ovegonia and two of 
Bairdii ; and, although he did return to Glenwood Springs, 28th July, L 
had no more to do with his haif of the larva. Thenceforth we made no 
more efforts to get eggs, as it was not worth while to try and rear larvee 
in New York or in West Virginia, by reason of the great mortality 
sure to be suffered in feeding with umbelliferous plants. Mr. Bruce 
made many excursions in the hope of taking typical Ao//andiz of both 
sexes, but in vain. On one occasion he brought in a single Neophasia 
Menapia, and several times Argynnis Zefo, now fresh from chrysalis. 
On 30th July, several fresh males of Argynnis Vevadensis, evidently of a 
second brood, and thirty Bairaii and Oregonia. The next day I went 
with him to the place where the Papilios had been taken, along the 
railroad up the Roaring Fork of Grand River. There, on thistles 
exclusively, we took thirty-four more Bairdii and Oregonia. <A field of 
alfalfa was in flower just over the fence, but the Papilios did not frequent 
that. There were, however, on the alfalfa many of the yellow form of 
Eurytheme; namely, form Lriphyle, Edw. This form was often seen 
within the grounds of the Hotel, and elsewhere as we rode about the 
region. But I never saw an example of the orange form or forms (for 
there are three of them), nor have I ever seen a live Hurytheme, orange. 
Mr. Bruce says that when he first collected in Colorado, in 1888, the 
orange was not uncommon, either in the Denver district or at Glenwood 
Springs. But year by year he has noticed the diminishing number of 
the orange, and the increase of the yellow form ; and it is his opinion 
that cultivation of alfalfa is responsible for this change. 

On our way up the Rocky Fork we passed a slaughter-house in a 
small hollow, which was at the foot of a lofty and precipitous cliff of red 
sandstone ; and about, on the ground, fences, and roof, were perhaps 
‘three-score ravens and half as many magpies, not at all shy or difficult to 
approach. We were told the ravens made their nests on the adjacent 
cliffs. Now, in all my years before I never saw more than two or three 
ravens, and then flying half a mile high in W. Va. 

Besides the species of butterflies enumerated, I find but one other 
noted down as seen at Glenwood, and that was Satyrus Boopis, of which 
two examples were taken. Our conclusion on the butterflies in general 
was that while individuals were plenty, the species were really few; and 
probably nothing else should be looked for in a semi-desert region. 


236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


On roth August we left for Denver, taking the road up Roaring 
Fork to Leadville. In all my rides through Colorado I was struck by 
the absence of large trees, and do not remember having seen a tree two 
feet in diameter in the State. We rode through miles and miles of small, 
dead timber, probably fifty miles, killed by forest fires. 

When I left the Springs my larvee were nearly full-grown, and a few 
had suspended for pupation. I put the three lots into three boxes with 
fresh Artemisia for such larve as were still feeding. I also had had 
made a capacious tin box, and filled it with the plant. And I kept the 
boxes by me throughout the journey to Coalburgh. When there, after 
the Artemisia gave out, carrot and fennel were substituted, but many of 
the larvee died in consequence. 


The imagos began to come forth at eleven and more days from 
pupation, but many pupe hibernated, some to give imagos in April, 1895, 
and an occasional one in May and June, whiie several will go over to 1896. 

The results in fall of 1894 were : 


1. From Oregonia eggs, 3 Oregonia: 1 ¢,2 9. 
8 Batraior7 boi Qs 
2. From Sairdiz eggs, ist lot, 20 Barr dit: 189g eer 
No Oregonia. 
From Baird eggs, 2nd lot, 2 Baird: 1 gd, 1 &. 
No Oregonia. 
The results in spring of 1895 were: 
1. From Oregonia eggs, 5 Oregonia: 3 36, 2¢. 
4 Batre 2352 Oe 
2. From 4airdii eggs, first lot, 11 Bairdii: 8 6,3 @. 
1 Oregonia: 1 6. 
From Lairdii eggs, second lot, 3 Bardi: 2 g,1 9°. 
I Oregonia: 1 6. 
Result in fall and spring : 
1. From Oregonia eggs, 8 Oregonia: 4 3,42. 
12 Sewer 0.3, 309 3 
2. From #airdiz eggs, both lots, 36 Bairdi: 29 6,79. 
2 Oregonia: 2 4. 
In ail, 10 Oregonia: 64, ae 
48 Bairdiz: 383,109. 
The proportion of Oregonia to Bairdii nearly as 1 to 5. On 8th of 
July, 1895, I had nineteen pupz left, which will go over a second 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 237 


winter, viz., 5 Oregonia; 14 Bairdii; and most of them, by their 
size, I consider to be females. Of the entire number of pupz (77), forty 


per cent. gave butterflies in the fall of 1894, thirty-two per cent. in spring 


of 1895, and twenty-eight per cent. will probably go to 1896. 


I spoke of Mr, Bruce going after eggs of Chionobas Gino. The 
weather at Denver was fair just at that time, but at Hall Valley (11,000 
elev.), and on the peaks, as forbidding as could be ; day after day during 
his stay at his old cabin near top of Mt. Gibson, rain, snow and fog. But 
he found specimens of @vo resting under the shelter of rocks, and took 
some females by hand. These he brought to Hall Valley, and being 
confined over grass in the house there, they laid forty-five eggs, which 
were sent to Mrs. Peart, and in her care they hatched and the caterpillars 
reached pupz the same season. Mrs. Peart was able to get the entire set 
of drawings of the early stages, and they will be given in Part XVII, 
Butt. N. A., in due time. It is enough that these stages support the con- 
clusions I had published, that G’xo is a distinct species from Semidea. 
My trip to Colorado was as much to get eggs of Guo as to rear the Papilio 
larvee, and the success in one case, as in the other, is owing to Mr. Bruce’s 
efforts. 


I have in this, and the paper in Vol. XXV. referred to, spoken of the 
two Glenwood Papilios as Bairdii and Oregonia,but being hybrids, neither 
form is often true to type. Some Sardi are typical; that is, they can 
not be distinguished from the examples taken in Arizona, where there are 
no Oregonia, and can be no intermixture. But most depart in different 
degrees from the type, no two being quite alike ; are gayer, with yellow 
markings on the upper side, and much more so beneath, running off to 
Hollandii, which seems to be the extreme of variation. 


Scarcely any of the so-called Ovregonia taken or bred at Glenwood 
Springs agree fully with the type found, which flies where there are no 
Bairdii, in Washington and British Columbia. They are modified in the 
direction of Bairdii in several particulars. ‘The typical male Oregonia, 
on the upper side, Aas the basal area of the forewings thickly dusted 


with yellow scales. The submarginal black band on both wings also 


much dusted yellow. Beneath, the base of cell on fore wings ts always 
gray-yellow,; the nerves and branches of both wings are lightly edged 
with black; the submarginal band ts largely covered with yellow scales, 
and the blue on hind wings is azure. The abdomen on ventral side is 


238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


yellow, with athin ventral dine; another such line, subventral, on the 
last three or four segments ; the ventral line forks as tt nears the thorax, 
leaving a yellow space between the forks. 

The female has the base of fore wing as thickly dusted, perhaps 
more so; the submarginal band more dusted. Beneath, like the male ; 
the cell nearly solid yellow, there being two black bars, one about 
middle, the other half way between this and the arc. The ventral side of 
abdomen is either marked by two fine black lines, or these are wholly 
wanting ; on the side a narrow stripe. 


1. A male, so-called Oregonza, bred from eggs laid by a female 
Bairdii, is very black above, a thin dusting of yellow scales at base of 
fore wing scarcely detracting from the general blackness ; and the sub- 
marginal band is free from yellow scales. On the under side ¢he cel/ 
Srom arc to base is black, except for a narrow transverse bar just inside 


the arc, and another at two-fifths tke distance from arc to base. The: 


nervures on both wings heavily edged with black; the blue not azure, but 


dark (as in Bairdit). The lines of black on abdomen are stripes rather, 


and next the thorax are diffused, making a broad black area. 


2. A male, so-called Ovegonia, bred from egg laid by a female 
of same type. This is blacker than No. 1, the yellow dusting more 
scanty. On under side the cell solid black, excepting the two yellow cross- 
bars at and near the arc ; the nerves and branches heavily edged with 
black ; the blue dark; the black stripes of abdomen confluent next thorax. 


In a female corresponding to No. 2, the ventral side of the abdomen 
is nearly solid black ; in one corresponding to No. 1, the four stripes are 
heavy, but not quite confluent. 


The above description answers for all the examples of so-called 
Oregonia which I have bred from either same type of female -or from 
Bairaiz. But I have a female nearer the true type Oregonia that Mr. 
Bruce bred from egg laid by Bardi’, 1892, and which came out of pupa 
in March, 1893 ; spoken of in Can. Ent., XXV., 254. This has the base 
of fore wing and the submarginal band much dusted yellow ; the base of 
cell beneath, gray-yellow, ending near middle of the cell in rays, and 
altogether as in typical Oregonia; the nerves and branches lightly edged 
black ; the submarginal band on fore wings densely dusted, making it a 
yellow band rather ; and the blue is azure. This is the nearest example 
to true Oregonia of all the bred hybrids which I have seen, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 


Besides the hybrid varieties above mentioned is another that is very 
close to Zo/icaon. One such example (male), out of egg of Bairdiz, is of 
small size, very black above, slight dusting of yellow at base of fore 
wings, none on the submarginal band. Beneath the cell as in typical 
Zolicaon ; that is, solid black, except the two yellow bars at and near the 
arc ; the nervures rather heavily edged black ; the blue, dark ; and much 
deep orange on hind wings in ail the interspaces next the black of the 
submarginal band, and also orange on the marginal lunules. The ventral 
side of abdomen solid black, by the widening of the two ventral lines so 
as to be confluent throughout, and the widening of the lateral stripes ; 
next thorax the four stripes making that part of the abdomen altogether 
black, as in Zodicaon. This example has the anal black spot of Oregonza 
and Bairdii; that is, a pear-shaped spot, attached to the black edge of 
the inner margin of wing ; whereas the spot in true Zo/écaon is round, 
unattached. But that sort of spot appears sometimes in both true Oregonza 
and Bairdii, though it is rare. Except for that anal spot it would be 
hard to say wherein this male differs from a Zodicaon. Mr, Bruce has 
this season had a specimen come from these Glenwood pupz that, 
he says, had he taken it on the wing he should have called Zo/icaon. 


From what I have said, it must be evident that the so-called 
Oregonia of Glenwood Springs is not the real article, not true 
Oregonia. It is more black, less dusted yellow (on both sides); 
the cell of under fore wings black (an important character) ; 
the veins beneath all more heavily edged wiih black; the blue, dark instead 
of azure; the abdomen rather black than yellow on the ventral side. That 
is not Oregonia, but a distinct type of butterfly, which, if it had been 
brought in from Arizona by the Wheeler Expedition, would have been 
pronounced a species. It may be supposed that it originated in the 
mating of true Oregonia with true Aairdii, at some period in the past, 
Whether these two species, pure type, now mingle in that region, I can 
not say, because I have not seen a pure Oregonia which was taken there. 
As to Bairdii, it varies so much, even where no Oregonias fly, and where 
there is no suggestion of intermixture, that we cannot say what the pure 
form is. These butterflies, as they now appear at Glenwood Springs, 
may have begun their career as hybrids, fifty, or one hundred and fifty, 
or five hundred years ago—no one can guess when; there has been 
evolved a distinct form, allied to Oregonia. It never will do for such 
a form to be flying without name, and I call it Papilio BRUCELY, and 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


pass it in to the next generation of lepidopterists. The so-called Bairdii 
are also not true Bairdii, but at present it is impossible to fix upon their 
type, because no two of them have been found alike. I may yet figure 
these butterflies, but it would take half-a-dozen plates to do them justice. 

The larvee from eggs of the Lairdiz, as well as those from eggs of the. 
so-called Oregonia, were of the Asterzas pattern ; in the first three stages, 
black, or brown-black, with white saddle-patch on 7, 8, 9, and dots and 
small spots of white irregularly placed on dorsum or upper part of side, | 
no two individuals being quite alike in this respect. After third moult, 
green, with a black band across the middle of each segment, in which are 
set rounded yellow or orange spots ; the junctions of the segments also 
black. The green of Oregonia after fourth moult was bright yellow-green, 
the black bands narrow, the spots a rich chrome. Of Bazrdiz,a much 
darker green, the black bands wider, the spots pale yellow. Yet, on 
looking over a large number of the larvee of each form, some of the Bazrdii 
were as brilliant as the others, and in all points were like them. This 
might be. expected of hybrid larve. As to the pup, I could see no 
difference in shape, and ali were in general as in the Asterzas group. 

Eggs of so-called Ovegonza laid 5th July, hatched roth. The first 
moult was passed 14th and 15th; the second, 19th and 2oth; the first to 
pass third was on 23rd ; to pass fourth, 3oth July; the first pupa, gth of 
August ; the first imago, 22nd August. 

Length of the egg stage, 5 days. 
Length of first larval stage, 4 days. 
Length of second larval stage, 5 days. 
Length of third larval stage, 4 days. 
Length of fourth larval stage, 7 days. 
Length of pupa stage, 13 days. 

From laying of egg to imago, 38 days. 

Eggs of Baird: laid 8th July, hatched 12th. The first moult was 
passed 17th; the second, 23rd; the third, 27th; the fourth, August 2nd ; 
pupation, r2th August. ‘The first imago, 31st August. 

Length of egg stage, 4 days. 
Length of first larval stage, 5 days. 


Length of second larval stage, 6 days. 
Length of third larval stage, 4 days. 
Length of fourth larval stage, 6 days. 
Length of pupa stage, 19 days. 

From laying of egg to imago, 44 days. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 941 


It becomes of importance to know the distribution of P. Bairdii and 
Oregonia, as well as the hybrid, / Avrucez. I have never seen an 
Oregonia from Arizona, but have received many Aazrdiz from that terri- 

tory: some from the Wheeler expeditions, some from Mr. Morrison’s 
catch. On the other hand, Oregonza flies in British Columbia, east of the 
Cascade Range, and perhaps in other districts. Dr. Hagen and Mr. 
Stretch took it in Washington in 1882; and the Doctor wrote a long 
paper which appeared in Papilio II., p. 149, in which he took the ground 
that Zo/zcaon and Oregonza were forms of AZachaon, “not to be separated.” 
He says nothing of having seen azrdiz, but, on page 160, says: ‘It is 
probable that Arevicauda, Bairdii, Indra, Pergamus, and probably 
Americus, all belong to P. Asterias.” The Doctor’s views of what con- 
stituted a species were somewhat hazy about that time. But we may 
conclude that he did not see Bairadii in Washington, or he would have 
expressly said so in his paper. . 

The only locality that I have been able, by correspondence, to 
discover, where Bazrdii and Oregonia have both been found, is in Squaw 
‘Canon, Sioux Co., Nebraska. Prof. H. G. Barber, of the Univ. of — 
Nebraska, at Lincoln, writes me that an Oregonza was taken in Squaw 
Canon in 1893, and an example of Laird in July, 1892; in different 
years, it will be noticed. Another specimen of Oregonia, Mr. Barber 
‘says, was taken on Lodge Pole Creek, in S.-E. Wyoming, in 1893; but 
no Sairdii. Prof. C. V. Piper, of the Washington Agr. College, at 
Pullman, Wash., sent me several typical Ovegonza taken there and in the 
‘near-by district in Idaho ; but he had seen no Bairdiz. 

(Nothing surprised me more than sceing our Eastern robin, 7; 
migratorius, hopping about the lawn at Gieuwood Springs, and I learned 
from Mr. Bruce that it is common throughout Colorado: on the high 
peaks even, above timber; where it nests in the crevices of the rocks. 
But if anywhere on those heights a miner’s cabin is built, the robins 
come, and always keep about it.) 


SUPPLEMENTARY, 


After the foregoing paper went to printer, I received from Mr. Bruce 
astatement of the results obtained thus far from the pups of so-called 
Oregonia and Bairdii in his charge, and before spoken of. Thus: 
I. Oregonia pupe gave— 
t. In fall of 1894, 5 Baird: 4 g,1 9. 
2 Oregonia: 1 go, 9. 


242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


2. In spring of 1895, 9 Bairdit: 6 g,3 &. 
7 Oregonia: 4 6,3 ¢. 
_ 2. Bairdit, first brood— 
1. In fall of 1894; 7 Bawa: 55¢j:2-9. 
i 2 Oregonia: 2 ®. 
2. In spring of 1895, 8 Barrdiz: 6 g,2 Q. 
4 Oregonia: 4 9. 
3. Bairdii, second brood— 
1. In fall of 1894, 3 Bairdiz: 3 Q. 
1 Oregonia: 1 6. 
i. In spritg of 1895, 5 Bardi. o> 4 as OF 
AOFELONIa 2 PB. 
From Oregonia, fall and spring - 9 Oregonia, 14 Bairdii. 
" Bairaii, " " Lt " 23 " 

Total: Oregonia, 20; Bairdii, 37. Oregonia being to Bairdii as 
1 to 1.85. More Oregonia in proportion than came from the three 
broods I had. 

It appears that each of the six broods described, 2 of Oregonia, 4 of 
Bairdii, gave examples of imago of its own form, and also of the other 
form. 

Neither Mr. Bruce nor myself have obtained a Ho//andii, and the 
true position of that form remains to be determined hereafter. 


NOTES ON SOME SOUTHERN LEPIDOPTERA. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, A. M. 
Suborder FRENaT&, Superfamily Microlepidoptera. 
Family PsycHID&. 
Otketicus Townsendi, Cockerell. . 
1893—Dyar, Ent. News, IV., 321 note. (No name.) 
1894—Dyar, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII., 205 (fig. of larval setz). 
1895—Cockerell, Bull. 15, New Mex. Agr. Ex. Sta., pl. fig. 7, 7a. 
1895—Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) XV., 208. 
Venation.—Primaries—Vein 1 (1x.) twice angled, branch to margin 


(x1.), branch to re (vul.), which is faint toward base ; median (cubitus) , 
4-branched, 4-5 (Vv. V,) stalked; 6 (v,) from cross-vein, the false~ 
discal (media) joining 7 (111,) just below apex ; 8—g (I1,, 111,) stalked, 10 


(111,) from cell,* 11 (11.) from base. 


*The fore wing has II veins, vein III, being absent. 7. ephemereformis has also” 


II veins, but it is V, which is absent ; O, Addofzz has all 12 veins present. 


wer ae 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 


—————— ——__—_— ae —- -—— — 


Secondaries. —Three internal veins. Median (cubitus) 4-branched ; 
4-5 (v., V,) stalked; 6 (v,) above angle of cell; 7 (11I.) from cross- 
vein joining end of cell with 8 (11.); false discal (media) furcate ; frenulum 
large. Wing shape nearer Thyridopteryx than Oiketicus, but colour of 
the latter. Primaries less drawn out at apex; secondaries less pointed 
than in O. Addotii. Larval case built on the type of Zhyridopteryx. 

Colour umber-brown (Ridgway 111. 14), paler than Addofz2 ; secon- 
daries scarcely tinged with smoky outwardly ; body a little darker than 
the wings. Primaries brown, palest in the area below the cell, the 
terminal portion between end of cell and margin a shade darker. A 
vitreous bar at the end of the cell covering the cross-vein as in O. Abdotit. 
A blackish-brown shade fills the cell and obtains slightly in the inter- 
space between veins 6-8 just beyond the vitreous bar and in an oblique 
shade from lower corner of cell, directed towards anal angle. A black 
shade below vein 1 at base, extending as far as the branch to the margin, 
Subcostal and median veins less closely approximated than in O. Adbdotii, 
so that the blackish space is more pointedly triangular and extends 
narrowly to base. Below all brown, the vitreous space only showing. 
-Expanse, 36.5 mm; length, 20 mm. 

+  O. Townsendi is nearer the genus Thyridopteryx than Oiketicus, 
though not structurally identical with either, 
Family MEGALOPYGIDA. 

Specimens of the species figured by Stoll as Amanda were received 
from Colombia under the generic term Artace. In Kirby’s catalogue it 
stands as Dyryocampa (?) amanda, following Walker. Even a casual 
examination is sufficient to show that it does not belong to either of 
these genera, and, indeed, to neither the Lasiocampide nor the Cither- 
oniidz. A glance at the accompanying figure of the venation will show 
that the moth belongs to the group of the more specialized Micro- 
lepidoptera, and I am in doubt whether to refer it to the Eucleidz 
(Limacodidze) or to the Megalopygide. The Megalopygide are essen- 
tially Eucleids with hairy larvee, or, rather, the Eucleidz are the more 
specialized type which have lost the larval hairs. In the absence of any 
knowledge of the larva of amanda, I am in doubt as to its position. I 
have separated these families by the characters of their antenne ; this 
applies to the North American species only, and fails when we consider 
the Eucleide of the world. Therefore I have at present no positive 
diagnostic character to separate the imagines of these families. 


244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


I venture to propose a new generic term for this species, to be 
provisionally referred to the Megalopygide. 
Brachycodion, n. gen. 

. Male antenne broadly pectinate for less than basal half, the rest 
short serrate ; of female, simple. Head sunken, eyes large, palpi short, 
porrect, not reaching the front; legs subequal, the tibiz slightly shorter 
than the femora, the tarsi very slightly longer than the femora, smooth ; 
no epiphysis; anterior tibia unarmed, the middle and posterior with a 
pair of very short apical spurs. Venation as in the figures. [Venation 
of Brachycodion amanda, Stoll. 
Rt. =retinaculum of the frenulum in 
do. Figs. 21 and 22.] 


mn Retinaculum of the frenulum in~ 
et ss male a long fold from vein 12 anda 
6D shorter reversed one from vein ica 
in female, only the latter fold; fren-— 
ulum well-developed. Body robust, — 


Fic, 21. 


the thorax in width almost equalling one-third of the length of the costa, — 

as long as wide; clothed with dense, short, suberect scaly hairs. — 

Abdomen exceeding secondaries in male, scarcely so in female. The 

wing scales are snatulate with evenly-rounded 

ends or rounded triangular, conspicuously striate, 

on the secondaries produced into long hairs. oo 
The following synopsis of genera has been 

revised and enlarged from that which I have 

previously given :— 


Vein 7 arising nearer base than vein 9. Fic, 22. 
Vein 10 on a stalk with rr; male antenne pectinate at 
DaSey ies we: ee Sie mes wa wie sn; Sue lela ial) ARCA INCO Te 


Vein 10 on a stalk with 7-9 ; male antenne pectinate to tip. Zupoeya, — 
Vein 7 arising beyond 9. 


Veins 3-4 of secondaries stalked or from same point......Carama, 
Veins 3-4 of secondaries not stalked, separate. 
Veins 4-5 of primaries short stalked................Mesocia. 


These veins not stalked. 
Vein 8 of secondaries united to 7 to outer third of cell or 
less. : 
Large species ; primaries produced......... Podaliq, 


eee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245 


Small species ; primaries rounded........ Ochrosoma. 
Vein 8 united to 7 nearly to tip of cell. 

Female vein 10 of primaries on stalk with 7-9 ; 

frenulmmn distinct... Weweeee, 2s}. . easerathos. 


Female vein ro from cell; male short stalked ; fren- 
lume rmeaimentary.. 2b wesw ec se a  egalapyge. 


As indicated above, I find that JZegalopyge orsilochus is not 
congeneric with the other species, and Walker’s name may be restored 
for it. The moth is less modified than Megalopyge ; the male frenulum 
is distinct, and on primaries the costal loop is very well-developed. In 
Megalopyge proper it has disappeared. While Megalopyge has one or 
two branches from vein 1 on primaries, Podalia has three such, having 
developed supplementary veins for the strengthening of the internal 
margin. 

Prof. Comstock has interpreted the single branch of vein 1, found in 
our species of Megalopyge, to be the remains of the first internal vein ;* 
but in JZ. anata, male, this vein is forked, and it seems scarcely clear 
whether the whole structure may not be a neomorph. It is rather 
characteristic of the Megalopygide to have this structure, though in the 
female of Sciathos it is a mere rudiment and it is absent in Eupoeya.t 


Family HUCLEID&. 


The genus Euryda H.-S. contains in Kirby’s catalogue three species. 
One of these, Zeucostigma, Sepp, is referred, in the appendix, to the 
Arctiide, where it evidently belongs ; another, /ohor, Moore, belongs to 
the genus Belippa, according to Hampson; and we have left only the 
type Aipparchia, Cramer. I have both sexes of this species before me. 
It belongs to the genus Phobetron. Stoll figures the larva, and it is not 
to be distinguished from our P. pithecium. 


I think it will be preferable to refer Limacodes Beutenmuelleri, Hy. 
Edw., also to this genus. In placing it in Semyra I followed Kirby, and 
Ihave not seen the type of Semyra in nature. Walker’s description of 
the type (S. coarctata) implies a species allied to Euclea and Sibine, 
and can scarcely be near Phobetron, from which Aeutenmuelleri does 
not differ essentially. 


*Evolution and Taxonomy, Wilder (Quarter Century Book, p. 81. 


+Until the larva of Eupoeya is known, we can not be sure that it does not belong 
to the Eucleidz. 


246 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Genus PHOBETRON, Hubn. (= Ecnomidia, Westw., = Euryda, H.-S.). 
1 P. pithecium, A. & S. (=abbotana, Hubn., = nigricans, Pack., 
=hyalinum, Walsh, = tetradactylus, Walsh). 
2 P. hipparchia, Cram. (= violaris, H.-S). 
3 P. Beutenmuelleri, Hy. Edw. 
Synopsis of differences. 

Primaries of female without a distinct ocherous patch at apex; t. p. 
line regularly dentate ; wings of male largely hyaline. . .pithecium. 

Primaries of female with an ocherous patch at apex; t. p. line 
obscure. 

Expanse of female, 30 mm. or more ; secondaries with reddish 
tinge ; ocherous patches on primaries distinct ; male darker, 
with a hyaline patch on wings.................Atpparchta. 

Expanse of female, 25 mm.; more fragile ; secondaries without 
reddish tint; the ocherous spots on primaries smaller and less 
Gistinet Gise', Geass tens Gece TgpeRM ess sonny ony t's ee Re Ee 

SUPERFAMILY NOCTUINA. 


Family LAasiocAMPID&. 
Tolype brevicrista, n. sp. 

This species seems not to be referred to in the Biologia Centrali 
Americana, nor in the subsequent writings of Mr. Druce or Mr. Schaus, 
so far as I am aware. 

Types: A male in my collection probably from Mexico; one from Mr. 
T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces, New Mexico (R. R. Larkin). Also a 


specimen in the Edwards collection labelled Arizona. 
Male.—White ; eyes bordered with blackish; abdomen faintly 


banded with pale gray. On thorax, posteriorly, a small median tuft of 
metallic blue-black flattened spatulate hairs, not curled, and not extending 
forward to middle of thorax. Wings white, the primaries crossed by 
seven gray, or blackish-gray, bands, in the pattern of. Zo/ype velleda. 
The three basal, narrow, rather faint ; fourth beyond end of cell touching 
third at inner margin, and approximate to it on costa but remote 
centrally, angulated outward on veins 4 and 8; beyond this three more 
bands, the last terminal, broad, separated by narrow white spaces; the 
fifth and sixth almost united in the dark N. M. specimen, well separated 
in mine ; Outer edge of sixth band a little irregular on the veins. Fringe 
and veins white. Below, the markings are faintly repeated, but washed 
with white. Pectinations of antenne brown. 


ee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 


In my specimen the third band is partly obsolete, and all are fainter 
and paler than in the N. M. example; the white spaces are wider, so 
that the third and fourth bands are not approximate at either costa or 
margin. 

Expanse, 32.5 mm. 


THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


XIII. THE CLERIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC. 


The Cleride are a rather small family of beetles, but make up for 
their comparative scarcity by the beauty of form and colour shown by 
many of them. As a rule, they may be easily recognized by their 
resemblance to a few common types such as are found in all cabinets, 
and agree in possessing the following family characteristics: The 
antenne are usually serrate, with the outer joints enlarged, forming an 
open or more rarely a compact club ; the tarsi are five-jointed, the first or 
fourth joint often very small and indistinct, all but the fifth furnished with 
membranous appendages. ‘The ventral segments are free, the first not 
elongate, and the hind coxe are flat. In habits they are diverse, but most 
of them may be found in the perfect state, during the summer months, on 
flowers, leaves or freshly-cut timber, while JVecrodia lives about dry 
carrion, and may even at times do a certain amount of damage in 
museums by preying upon dry specimens of various sorts, since the 
species are easily carried from place to place, like Amthrenus. In this 
way they were introduced from Florida into the museum of the University 
of Iowa, and have continued to breed there in small numbers. The 
larvee of Zrichodes, Clerus, and allied genera are said to feed on the 
young of other insects, and to be found in the nests of bees or under bark 
of trees infested by wood-boring larve of various sorts. 


A great many species of Cymatodera and allied forms do not extend 
into high northern latitudes, and we find in consequence that the 
Canadian fauna does not show a very good representation in the family, 
only a little over thirty having been reported from the region under con- 
sideration. These are included in thirteen genera which may be 
separated by the following table. Care must be taken in the study of the 
tarsi, though after a little practice a specimen can usually be placed in its 
proper position without much trouble :— 


248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A. Tarsi with fourth joint about equal to third, flanks of thorax con- 
tinuous with disk. Middle coxz moderately distant (except in 
f1y dnocera). 

b. Tarsi distinctly 5-jointed, first joint not shorter than second ; 

antenne 11-jointed,serrate; eyes coarsely granulate. Cymatodera. 

bb. Tarsi apparently 4-jointed, the first joint small, usually visible 
only from below. 

c. Eyes moderate in size and emarginate in front. 

d. Antenne serrate, eyes strongly granulated...... Préocera. 

dd. Antenne usually distinctly clavate, eyes finely granulated. 

e. Last joint of maxillary palpi broader than the preceding ; 

thorax and legs blue, shining; elytra blue or violet 


with red bands or the reverse.,......... Zrichodes. 
ee. Last joint of maxillary palpi slender. 

Posterior tarsi rather broadly dilated........ Clerus. 

Posterior tarsi longer and slender...... Zhanasimus. 


cc, Eyes not emarginate, often very large and prominent. 
Antenne stout, club 3-jointed, not abrupt. .. Zaneroclerus. 
Antenne slender, club sub-globose...........AMydnocera. 


AA. Tarsi with the fourth joint very small, forming merely an enlargement 
at the base of the fifth ; flanks of prothorax separated from the disk 
(except in Jchnea) ey a more or less distinctly elevated margin. 
Middle cox contiguous or slightly separate. 

f. Antenne with outer joints flattened, and triangular or inwardly 
prolonged. 

g. Eyes with an internal emargination. 
Club of antenne 3-jointed, not longer than the other 
portion.. a Peete 2! .. Phyllobenus. 
Club 3- Senile sek iaint as Mane: as baetl ponieny . .Lchnea. 

gg. Eyes with a frontal emargination. 

First joint of tarsus equal to second, anterior tibize serrate 


externally... SereRGNs Bis ths e).! eee . Chariessa. 
First joint of tarsus small satan eyes comeete 
Bromulate 0-24 ime n --teeeeees ss Orthopleura. 
ff. Antenne with a small eonapee ne 
Smaller; above reddish to blackish. .......:..%.. Leracobiys. 


Larger ; above bright blue, with or without reddish 


TAATKANES «2.5. 0's ge a ee MAE: toon «1d Saleh oie nn ae 


oe 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 


CYMATODERA, Gray. 
The two Canadian species are of elongate form and readily distin- 
guished thus :— 
Black, thorax yellow, basal and apical margins black ; femora at 
basal half and two basal joints of antennz yellow. .30 


-—.36in.. BARK a JMR N ot cc cx Fee eeeraSE . bicolor, Say. 
Brownish or piceous, antennze fo iaetaee legs paowialk the coxee 
ana wiarsi/palensn; FO=.BO MM «6. 027i0:)c Lh een emOKnata, Say. 


PRIOCERA, Lec. 

The only species is P. castanea, Newm., known by the generic char- 
acters. In colour it is rufous, shining, with long, sparse pubescence. 
Each elytron with two yellow spots near the middJe, and a broad black 
band. Occasionally there is an additional small yellow spot at base. 
The feet are piceous. .25-.40 in. 

TRICHODES, Hbst. 

These are very pretty blue or black insects, banded with red or 
yellow, found on flowers, especially Umbelliferae, during the summer. 
The two Canadian species separate easily thus :— 

Elytra rather finelv punctate, bluish, with basal, median and 
subapical red or yellow bands. .4o in. (fig. 


ei) ee BAERS Os eee bone .Nuttalli, Kirby. 
Elytra canes deeply Guneeeeed: rath wai two transverse 
bands and tip black. .46-.60 in........apivorus, Germ. 


The figure of Z: Vuttad/i is made from a specimen show- 
ing rather less red than usual, the extent of this colour being 
quite variable. In the Western Provinces it is replaced by 
T. ornatus, Say, a still more variable species, in which the 
middle band is always more oblique than in Nuttalli; anterior to this 
band is usually found a very distinct red or yellow subsutural spot on 
each elytron. 


Fig. 17. 


CLERuS, Geoffr. 

Several species of this genus vary so much in colour as to make 
their recognition from description rather difficult. The abdomen, for 
example, may be (in guadriguttatus) either rufous or black, and in some 
others the elytral ornamentation varies greatly. They may be found 


about flowers or on freshly-cut timber, resorting to the latter probably for 
the purpose of egg-laying, since the larve prey on those of wood-boring 
insects. The Canadian forms separate thus, though intermediate patterns 
-of coloration, which I have not seen, may perhaps occur :— 


250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4 


A. Elytra broadly rufous at base, head and thorax rufous, varying — 
rarely to blackish. Elytra with transverse black and cinereous 
bands. .20-.28 in. Jee : .. guadriguttatus, Oliv. 

AA. Elytra at Hides black or - only caerevly rife 
Thorax and head rufous ; elytra with basal or sub- 
basal, postmedian and apical band black, sub- 
apical band cinereous.  .42 in. 
(fig: 48)... 2. ese nin dc eaemeecheumanens, Far: 
Thorax rufous, with a large baso-median black spot ; 
head and elytra black. .20-.27 
HM ai. s uc ee PE CRO Re oC SOO live 
Thorax, head and elytra black ; the last with three i 
cinereous bands, of which the posterior is widest, Mig. ae : 
and apical or subapical in position. .27- 35 in. #igriventris, Lec. 
Near. the Pacific Coast we find also C. sphegeus, Fabr., which is 
about the colour above of C. nigriventris, but larger (.34 in.), and the 
abdomen is red, while the elytra have a very wide median and «small 
apical cinereous band. 


THANASIMUS, Latr. 


The character given for the separation of this genus from C/erus is” 
not very evident, and most reliance must be placed on the specific de- 
scriptions, which have been made moderately full. There is the same 
‘tendency to colour-variation as in most other genera in this family. The 
characters of the Canadian forms are as follows :— 
Elytra rufous, with broad median band and tip black, intermediate band 


cinereous. Feet black. .39-,.51 M...........«.¢¢ifasclatus, sam 
Elytra rufous at base, dark posteriorly with two cinereous or whitish 
fasciz ; beneath rufous. .34 in. 1 ee oe .. dubius, Fabr. 


Elytra Black, very narrowly rufous at ‘eeee with two cinereous bands, of 
which the anterior is shaped like a w and narrower than the posterior, 
which is not undulated ; thorax reddish, anterior margin piceous, 
post-pectus black at middle. .20-.30 in...........undatulus, Say. 

Elytra black with two undulate cinereous fasciz, the posterior broader ; 
thorax black, abdomen and feet rufous. .30—.38 in..#udz/us, Klug. 

Elytra black, the suture anteriorly cinereous, and two bands of the same 
colour; the posterior broader, outer row of punctures extending beau 
the paddle’ abdomen sanguineous, thorax and legs 
lasek ©! 230 “Eas odes ee Se aan tr Lec. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 25k 


Of the above, rudriventris is considered a variety of dudius, and 
nubilus, in a like manner, of wzdatudus. Some allowance must be made 
for colour variation, but, as a rule, specimens may be easily assigned to 
their proper places by the table. 


THANEROCLERUS, Spin. 
T. sanguineus, Say, is easily recognized among the Canadian species 
of this family by its colour, the head and thorax being obscure brownish, 
while the elytra are sanguineous. Length about .20 in. 


Hypnocera, Newm. 

Smaller and more slender insects than most of the other Cleride, 
found commonly on foliage, and easily obtained by beating or sweeping. 
The eyes are very large and prominent, as in C7cindela and Stenus, to 
which latter genus a few of them bear, at first sight, considerable resem- 
blance. Some species have the elytra much shorter than the abdomen. 
Ordinarily well-marked specimens may be identified by the following 
table :— 

A. Thorax not or only slightly longer than broad. 

b. Punctuation of elytra confused. 

Thorax with subacute lateral dilatation ; elytra blackish with a 

narrow yellowish median fascia. .17 in.. .«mifasciata, Say. 

Thorax hardly acutely dilated at sides; elytra with the humerus 

usually broadly rufous, varying to entirely black.; legs black 

or rufous. .17-.20 in. See «ac eeee Ores Say. 

Thorax with rounded ater Gieiation aaa wrofonnd anterior 
impression ; anterior legs testaceous. .20 

hoe woe. Var. cyanescens, Lec. 

bb. Piictiation an ebpica Bidinct: ie imdivideen punctures evident. 

Blackish-blue, polished, elytra without testaceous markings, 

legs black, tibize and tarsi sometimes more or less testaceous. 

.10 in. set i stampa Nene e VAT a 227662088, , Lec, 

Black, antennz and ae pale altra bale with the margin, 

apex, suture and median fascia black (these markings vari- 

ously reduced). .17 in. (fig. 19)..........Aadlipennts, Say. 

AA. Thorax distinctly longer than broad, elytra shorter 

than the abdomen, legs much elongate. Blackish 
species, base of elytra sometimes testaceous. 
Thorax twice as long as broad, elytra slightly shorter than the 
) abGOmen: 09—.25 IN. .).'/.ealsteil ase - tn ws f@0caa,; Lee: 


252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Thorax one-half longer than broad, elytra much shorter than 

the abdomen. .11-IN22 2h... Sto a onercolese ieee 

Of the above, both cyanescens and difficilis are consiiened varieties 

of humeradis, though, owing to the difference in sculpture, one of them is 
placed in a different division of the table from the others. The genus 
needs careful revision in the light of more material than is at my 


command. 
PHYLLOBANUS, Spin. 


Contains a rather small species, P. dislocatus; Say (.11-.17 in.), of a 
black, colour and elongate form, the last three joints of the antennz 
compressed, sub-triangular. The elytra are very coarsely punctured in 
rows, and ordinarily ornamented with a curved sub-basal and undulate 
median band of yellow, and an apical spot of the same colour. Either 
the first or last may be absent or the median one alone remain. 


IcHNEA, Lap. 
Represented in Canada by J. Zaticornis, Say, about .24 in. long, 


black, linear, the head vittate with yellow, thorax margined with the same 
colour, elytra with striz of large punctures, the apical ones confused. 


CHARIESSA, Perty. 
C. pilosa, Forst, is a beautiful velvety-black insect 


about .50 in. long, the thorax roseate with. two %& 
broad black discal lines, usually confluent behind. 
The variety onusta, Say, (fig. 20) has these lines reduced 
or wanting, and the elytra margined with yellow. 
ORTHOPLEURA, Spin. 

O. damicornis, Fabr., is black, thickly punctured, 
pilose, the thorax reddish. It varies in length from .25 Fie ba 
to .38 in. The antenne have the usual broadly dilated, compressed club 
of this group. 


LaRICOBIUS, Rosenh. 

Of this genus, Z. Hrichsont, found also in Europe, is the only — 
Canadian species. It is a small brown insect about .10 in. long, with 
short black hairs, while the elytra are marked with rows of large quadrate 


punctures, 
NeEcrRoBIA, Latr. 


As the name indicates, the species are found about carrion, espe- 
cially that which is in a dried state, and they form one of the most efficient — 
scavengers on the Western plains. In colour they are blue, more or less — 
polished, and sometimes marked with red. ‘They easily separate thus :— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253 

Thorax and base of elytra red (.21 in.)............7uficollis, Fabr. 
Thorax and elytra blue. 

Legs reddish (.2i-—.25 in.).. a Peet is. ch eK Mpepesy Fabt: 

Legs blue or blackish (.17—.21 in. ft .... ..vtolacea, Linn, 


Most of the papers treating of the North Meieah Cleride are sadly 
out of date, and, in addition, very difficult or expensive to obtain.. The 
list of titles following gives the chief of those that will aid the student :— 
1841. Klug, J. C. F., Versuch einer systematischen Bestimmung und 

Auseinandersetzung der Gattungen und Arten der Clerii. Abh. 
d. Konig]. Akad. der Wissensch. zu Berlin, pp. 259-397, 2 pl. 


1844. Spinola, M. Essai monographique sur les Clérites. Génes, 2 
vols., pp. 386 and 226, 47 pl. 

1849. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Coleopterous Insects of the group 
Cleridz which inhabit the United States. Ann. N. Y. Lyc., V., 


PP: 9-35. 

1876. Horn, Geo. H. Synopsis of the species of Cymatodera and 
Trichodes of the United States. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V., pp. 
220-232. 


MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COCCID. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO. 
(i.) Lecanium, sect. Eulecanium. 

(1) Lecanium carye@, Fitch, var. canadense, v. nov. 

. @ scale smooth, shiny, red-brown, convex, malleate, but not or 
hardly plicate. Length 4, breadth 3, height 2 mm., varying to length 5, 
breadth 4, height 3 mm. (Some Maine specimens 6 mm. long.) Re- 
moved from the twigs, the scales leave an oval white mark. (Nappan 
scales are paler and more yellowish, also somewhat smaller. Posterior 
incision perhaps a little longer ; scales also rather more tending to be 
plicate. ) 

6 scale ordinary, rugulose. 

? with 6-jointed antenne, formula 326154; 3 considerably longer 
than the remaining joints put together ; 1 with 2 hairs; 2 with 2 hairs at 
its end, one especially long ; 3 with 2 hairs near its end; last joint with 
several hairs, one especially long. (Nappan antenne practically the 
same, but 1 larger ; 4 and 5 each show a hair; 6 hardly so long, formula 
3 (126) 54. Maine antennz show one long hair at end of 3, 2 with one 
very long hair; 2 a little longer than 4; 4 very little longer than 5 ; 
6 a little longer than 2; formula 36245.) Derm obscurely tessellated, 
with large gland-pits. (In Maine specimens gland-pits frequently in pairs.) 


254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGist. 


Femur not much longer than tibia, ‘l'arsus hardly % shorter than 
tibia ; distinctly swollen at base. Claw rather stout, curved at its tip 
like a falcon’s beak. Digitules of tarsus apparently wanting (deciduous ?). 
Digitules of claw large and distinct, extending well beyond tip of claw, 
stem moderately stout, knob large and oval. A bristle on end of coxa, 
one on end of femur, and one on end of tibia. (Nappan scales show legs 
much the same, but femur proportionately longer, tarsus only a little 
swollen at base ; tarsal digitules well-developed, long, ordinary ; digitules 
of claw short, not extending to end of claw ; claw stout, nearly straight, 
not hooked. Maine examples show coxa stout, broader at base than its 
length, with a hair at its tip ; trochanter with a long hair ; femur longer 
than tibia, tarsus about 4% shorter than tibia ; digitules all filiform.) 

Eggs (Maine specimens) very pale pinkish. 

Hab.: The types are from Stittsville, about 20 miles from Ottawa, on 
Ulmus racemosa, sent by Mr. Fletcher. Other specimens are from 
Nappan, Nova Scotia, on eim (Fletcher), and Orono, Maine, on elm 
(Harvey). Prof. F. L. Harvey states that it is very abundant at Orono ; 
he has known it for eight years, and it is increasing. The branches are 
often almost covered with them. 

The Stittsville examples are affected by a Coccinellid, and by an 
Encyrtid parasite, perhaps a Chidoneurus. 

The species is quite different from the European Lecanium ulmi, 
and is doubtless a native of this country. It illustrates well the extreme 
difficulty of dealing with the American species of Hu/ecanium, which have, 
perhaps, not succeeded in reaching a condition of specific equilibrium 
since the new developments which doubtless followed the termination of 
the glacial epoch. It will be seen from the above that the characters 
given are quite variable, unless we are dealing with three species instead 
of one—a view which I cannot for a moment entertain. While thus con- 
vinced that all these elm forms are strictly one thing, I have a very lively 
conviction that Z. xzdzs, Fitch, is different—a conviction which I feel 
sure would be shared by any one who had seen quantities ef both— 
yet it is difficult to point out the precise nature of the difference, apart 
from the smaller size of 7zb/s. Two species of Fitch, Z. cynosbati and 
L. carya, have been redescribed by Signoret, who shows that they have 
6-jointed antenne like 77bzs and canadense. I have not seen authentic 
examples of either, but the description of Z. cary@ agrees so nearly with 
our elm species that I place the latter under it as a variety. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 


_——_—= = eS = pg en eee ~ 


(2) Lecanium ribis, Fitch. 

This species may be known by its comparatively small size, and 
6-jointed antenne, with the third joint very long. There are two long 
hairs almost at the end of the third joint. The derm shows large gland- 
pits, often in pairs. The insect reminds one of LZ. hemisphericum, but 
itis a true Au/ecanium. It is not confined to Rzbes by any means. Dr. 
Lintner sent me specimens found by Hon. G. W. Clinton, on Ostvya and 
Carpinus, in Albany Rural Cemetery, June, 1885. These were 3 mm. 
long, 2 broad, 21% high. Just lately, Prof. Webster has sent it plentifully, 
infesting mulberry in Southern Ohio. ‘The specimens are a little larger 
than usual, but clearly 7zzs. This attack on mulberry—a tree hitherto 
very free from insects in this country—is apparently a serious matter, 
and will doubtless be fully investigated by Prof. Webster. The Z. mort, 
Sign., found on mulberry in the Savoy (Europe), is quite different. 


(3) Lecanium Fitchii, Signoret. 

On wild blackberry, Medina County, Northern Ohio, sent by Prof. 
F. M. Webster. The specimens have 8-jointed antennez. I think this is 
the most western locality in which the species has yet been found. 

Lecanium quercitronts, Fitch. 

Mr. V. H. Lowe sends this on ironwood, but omits to state when it 
was found. Hitherto it has only been known on oak. The antennz are 
7-jointed. The newly-hatched larva is very pale vellowish, with a pale 
gray dorsal band.* 

Certain forms of Zecanitum found on oak and rose at Manitou, 
Colorado (Gillette), and on rose at Santa Fé, N. M., have given me a lot 
of trouble, and even now I do not know what to call them. It was at 
first questioned whether the rose species might not be the European Z. 
rosarum, introduced, but it now seems tolerably certain that such is not 
the case.{ It was hoped that they could be classified by the antenna, 
but the more specimens examined, the greater grew the confusion, owing 
to the variability observed. Mr. Joseph Bennett, when a student at the 
N. M. College, examined these forms and found the antennz thus :— 


*Compare the young of Z. A2tchz7. The lately-hatched young of species of 
Lecanium differ more or less in appearance. Thus, the living young of Z. avmeniacum, 
Craw, sent by Mr. Ehrhorn from Sta. Clara Co., California, are pale gray mottled 
with white, with a conspicuous white or yellowish-white dorsal longitudinal band, 
Miss Tyrell considers avmenzacum a variety of prucnosum, which probably is correct. 

+It is also quite distinct from Z. prucnosum, Cog., which Mr. Ehrhorn sends me 
on rose from Mountain View, California. 


256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


— 


(a) On oak, Manitou.. Antenne 8-jointed, formula 3 (24) 18 (567). 

(b) On rose, Santa Feé.. " 8-jointed, “1 38 (12) 45 (67). 

(c) On rose, Manitou.. 1 7-jointed, 1 3 (24) (17) (56). 
Later, I myself obtained the following results :— 

(b) On rose, Santa Fé.. Antenne 8-jointed, formula 4 (31) (28) (567). 
Joint 4 was a very little longer than 3. 

(a) On oak, Manitou.. Antenne 7-jointed, formula (34) (21) 7 (56). 


I asked Prof. Gillette for more abundant material of the Manitou 
forms, and he sent them in quantity, but even then I could reach no 
certain conclusions. It appears, at all events, that the antenne, ever 
6-jointed as in r7bzs and canadense, may have either 7 or 8 joints in the 
same form. Further, that while the third joint is usually the longest (as 
in guercitronis), 4 may be equal to it or even a little longer. In every 
instance, 5, 6, 7 are the three shortest, but when there are only 7 joints, 
7 will be longer than 5 or 6. ‘The differences seen in the formula given 
are not so important as might appear, for the slightest change in the 
length of a joint may alter the formula where several joints are so nearly 
of one length. 

In general appearance, these scales are much alike, and do not differ 
in any marked degree from Z. guercitronts. In, fact, unsatisfactory as I 
feel the conclusion to be, I see nothing for it but to call them all Z. 
quercitronis, var., at least until further studies of the living insects in all 
stages can be made. The differences between these guercitronis forms 
and /itchii will also have to be clearly made out. Here again, the antenne 
will not assist us. I think F7¢chii and guercitronis must surely be distinct; 
but to ¢#znk so is not to prove it—and the variability already observed in 
these forms throws doubt on formerly-aceepted marks of distinction. 
The statements of Mr. Douglas regarding willow and rose species in 
England are suggestive in this respect. 


It is much to be hoped that some of the Eastern and Canadian 
entomologists will study the biology of these perplexing forms. It is 
only by such means that we can arrive at sound conclusions. When 
dried specimens are sent to me, | can point out how they differ, but am 
left often in doubt as to how far the differences are specific, and how far 
due to ordinary variability, or even to the direct influence of the environ- 
ment. 

At Las Cruces, one day, I found a small LAudecanium on an 
umbellifer—one specimen only. It looked different from anything I had 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257 


seen, and the finding of a EAudecanium on an: herbaceous plant was 

contrary to ail preconceived ideas! What was I to do?—call it a new 
species? Close by was a peach tree, on which were a few ordinary Z. 
persice, and here of course was the explanation. But had I sent the 
umbellifer scale away to some entomologist, with no information about 
‘the adjacent fersice, I really don’t see how he could have guessed what 
it was—the thing was so starved and altered by its unwonted food! 

_ All these remarks will naturally tend to produce the impression— 
doubtless correct-—that we have too many nominal species of Zulecanium 
in the books. But if we must distinguish species with caution, so also 
must we lump them with caution. It is a stupid way out of the difficulty 
to throw all those together that we cannot quite easily separate. 

(5) Lecanium robiniarum, Douglas. In May, 1894, I bred a 
parasite from scales of this species found on locust in Las Cruces, N. M. 
Mr. Howard identifies it as Blastothrix longipennis, Howard, and states 
that it has previously been reared from several Lecaniines. 

On osage-orange in Las Cruces, I find a scale just like Z. robiniarum, 
but perhaps a little more shiny and more decidedly pruinose. But the 
eggs of the osage-orange form are always pure snow-white, while those of 
L. robiniarum are salmon-pink ! 


(i1.) Lecantum, other sections. 


| (6) Lecanium perforatum, Newstead. A flat species with 8-jointed 
antenne, found on palms. Mr. Ehrhorn sent me specimens from a 
greenhouse in San Francisco. Miss Mary W. Tyrrell, of Oakland, sends 
me a very pretty enlarged photograph of this insect, which she regards as 
L. tessellatum, Signoret. While I cannot very well doubt that it is 
Newstead’s LZ. perforatum, I must confess that I am not well-satisfied 
about its distinctness from fesse//atum. It does not seem, however, to 
be the same as the Jamaican species on lignum-vite, which I had 
regarded as fesse//atum, though the two things are very much alike. For 
the present, no more can be said, though it seems likely that the 
Jamaican insect will need a new name. 

(7) Lecanium olee (Bern.). Prof. Toumey sends this on orange 
from Arizona; and Mr. Lataste found specimens in Chile, on Yucca in a 
garden. In both these cases it has of course been introduced.* 


“In both cases the names of the exact localities were sent, but I regret that I am 
totally unable to decipher them, Will correspondents please write names of localities 
plainly ? . 


258 THE CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST, 


(8) Lecanium hemisphericum, Targ. Ona house-fern belonging to — 
Mrs. Fred. Lohman, in Las Cruces, N. M., I found this species and 
Dactylopius longispinus, Targ. These Coccids will not live out-of-doors 

in the climate of Las Cruces, so far as we know. 

(9) Lecanium insignicola, Craw, emend. Mr. Ehrhorn sends me — 
this, on Pinus insignis, from Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. The 
specimens belong to Physokermes, and we must write the species — 
Physokermes insignicola (Craw), 


a 


(i1i.) Pa/vinaria, section of P. camellicola. 


(10) Pulvinaria camellicola, Sign., P. urbicola, Ckll., P. simulans, 
Ckll. These species need some further elucidation. The second is only — 
known on Capsicum in Jamaica; the third only in Trinidad. We are 
supposed to have /. came/lico/a in this country, but I have never seen 
any with 6-jointed antennee, as described by Signoret. Here is a short 
description of our insect :— 

@ remains brownish after boiling in potash. Tarsal digitules 
distinct and well-formed. Digitules of claw extremely iarge and stout, — 
very broad at ends. A very long hair on end of trochanter. Marginal — 
spines numerous and long. Lateral (stigmatal) incisions each with three — 
spines, brownish and stout, one large, the other two small. Antenne , 
8-jointed: 3 longest ; 2, 4 and 8 subequal and next longest ; 5 shorter — 
than 4; 6 and 7 equal and shortest ; 2 with a very long hair at the end; 
3 with a moderately long hair at end; 5 with two very long hairs at end; 
7 with a long hair ; 8 with many long hairs. ie 

fTab.: Macon, Ga., Apr. 15, 1892, on Euonymus. (Div. Ent., No. 
5029 ; received through Dr. Riley.) 

Just lately, Prof. Townsend has found the-same species in abundance 
at Brownsville, Texas. The antenne are 8-jointed, as in the Macon 
ones, formula 32 (41) (58) 67. The name of the food plant is not 
known, but it is not camellia, nor capsicum. 2 

Notwithstanding the external similarity (which counts for little in~ 
Fulvinaria), | do not see how we can reconcile the above with Signoret’s- 
account of came//icola, assuming the latter to be correct. In 1886 
Douglas treated of came/@ico/a, and perhaps threw new light on the matter, \ 
but I have not now access to his paper. 

If we thus assume that our insect is not came/licola, is it urbicola or 
simulans ? Unfortunately, we know these latter only from one locality 
each, and are not well-informed about their possible range of variation, 
5 


MOP wel 


Poa, 


ae 


- 


4 


‘) 


THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST. 259 


In the large digitules of the claw it resembles s¢mudans ; in the 8-jointed 
antenne, uwrbicola. In the ovisac it rather resembles szmu/ans than 
urbicola; in fact, its external appearance is practically the same. In 
simulans the fourth joint of the antenna is very short ; in our insect it is 
much longer than 6 or 7, and somewhat longer than 5. This comes 
nearer to the condition of wrbzco/a. All things considered, perhaps it 
would be best, for the present, to call our insect P. simulans, variety. 
P. bigelovie, Ckll., is another species of the same group. 


(iv.) Asterolecanium. 


(11) Asterolecanium pustulans (Ckll.). On oleander from Honolulu; 
sent by Mr Ehrhorn. Mr. Maskell has placed this as a synonym of A. 
fimbriatum = Planchonia fimbriata ; but I have true (French) specimens 
of the latter, kindly sent by Mr. Howard, ‘and it is a totally different 
thing. It is hardly necessary for me to say that I cannot in the least 
agree with Mr. Maskell’s proposed synonymy of the species of Planchonia 
or Asterolecanium. As several of the rejected species are my own, I do 
not care to discuss the matter now, but will leave it to the judgment of 
other coccidologists who may have occasion to examine the several forms. 
In fact, Mr. Maskell himself (as I hear from him) is giving closer 
attention to the matter, and will, I doubt not, eventually revise his 
present classification. 

(v.) Dactylopius, section without lateral tufts. 

, (12) Dactylopius virgatus, Ckll. This is a destructive species, 
hitherto only known from Jamaica. Prof. Townsend has just discovered 
‘it in numbers on a cactus and other plants at Brownsville, Texas. 
Fortunately, it is there preyed upon by a Scymmnus larva and a Chalcidid, 
which Mr. Howard tells me will form a new genus of Bothriothoracini. 
‘In Trinidad, Mr. Urich has found a Dactylopius on Croton, which I 
cannot distinguish from D. virgatus, var. farinosus ; although, curiously, 
it also seems identical with Mr. Newstead’s D. certferus, found on Croton 
in India. If this is so, cerdferus falls as a synonym of virgatus. No 
more need be said now, as I believe the subject will hereafter be fully 
discussed by Messrs. Townsend and Urich. 


(vi.) Various Déaspine. 
(13) ALytilaspis pomorum (Bouché), In the mountains, at Moun- 
tain View, California, on Cornus calfornicus. Sent by Mr. Ehrhorn. 
The specimens show fewer glands in the groups than some from apple, 


260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


viz., caudolaterals, 9 ; cephalolaterals, 14; median, 8. Mr. Schaufuss 
sent me JZ. pomorum on Cornus from Saxony long ago. 

(14) Diaspis amygdali, Tryon. (=/anatus). This evidently reached 
California from Japan. Mr. Ehrhorn sends me some on dwarf peach 
from Japan, in Japanese nursery at San José, California. Also a grayish 
form of the same on,persimmon from Japan, found by Mr. Craw in his 
quarantine work. The latter form looks different from ordinary amygdal, 
but is clearly that species ; it shows caudolateral groups of glands with 
36 orifices, cephalolaterals, 43 ; median, 15. The grayish appearance is 
partly due to dirt. Mr. Ehrhorn says it also infests dwarf cherry. 

(15) Aulacaspis bromelia (Kerner). On pineapple in conservatory 
at San José, California (Edw. M. Ehrhorn). The exuvize are nearly 
marginal. . 

(16) Chionaspis assimilis, Maskell. Sent by Mr. Ehrhorn. It was 
found by Mr. Craw on a tree from Australia, in the course of his quarantine 
work. 

(17) Chionaspis quercus, Comst. On oaks at Dripping Spring, 
Organ Mts., N. M., 5,600 ft. (Ckll.). New to New Mexico. 


— 


(18) Lschnaspis filiformis, Dougl. Trinidad, West Indies. In~ 


extraordinary numbers on Cycas revoluta. (J. H. Hart.) 
(vii.) Aspedtotus. 

(19) Aspidiotus juglans-regie, Comst., Southern California, on prune, 
(Edw. M. Ehrhorn.) ‘This species is quite generally distributed in Las 
Cruces and Mesilla, N.M., but here always white (var. a/bus). Two days 
ago I found it in Mesilla on apple, pear and apricot. Nowhere does it 
increase like Aerniciosus, and it is a comparatively harmless species, 
though anything but desirable in an orchard. _ 

(20) Aspidiotus piricola, Del Guercio. This species, lately described 
as new from Italy, has turned up on plum at San José, California, speci- 
mens having been sent by Mr. Ehrhorn. A mounted specimen is dated 
March 18, 1892, others 1894 ; so it has been in California for some time 
unrecognized. The following description, from Californian examples, is 
worth giving :-— 

? scale 144 mm. diam., flattened, circular, pale gray; with the 
exuviz covered normally by a thin film of secretion, and then hardly 
noticeable, but the film very easily rubbed off, when the shiny, orange- 
brown exuviz are conspicuously seen. 


a i i 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 


?. Median lobes orange-brown, the others colourless. Median 


lobes large, prominent, well-developed, rounded at ends. The other 


lobes all very small and rudimentary ; 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th pairs can be 
distinguished, becoming successively smaller; 2nd and 3rd very dis- 
tinctly bifid. Small saccular incisions between the lobes. Five groups of 


ventral glands; all the groups rounded or oval, compact; median of 8, 
-cephalolaterals, 13, caudolaterals, 8. Anal orifice circular, a little posterior 


to line of caudolateral groups, and a considerable distance from hind end. 
A. ancylus differs by its dark scale, and the position of the anal 
orifice, &c. It is also clearly distinct from Howardi, ostreeformis and 


Juglans-regia. 


A. Howard: is still only known from Canon City ; the Illinois speci- 
mens on cherry (W. G. Johnson), reported as such, prove on examination 
to be a slight variety of 4. ancylus. 

(21) Aspidiotus ficus, Ashm. On Cocos nucifera and Oreodoxa 
regia, lacmel, Hayti, sent by Mr. F. Wolff. New to Hayti. 

(22) Aspidiotus destructor, Sign. On cocoanut, San Juan, Porto 
Rico. Sent by Mr. J. D. Hall. New to Porto Rico, and the first Coccid- 
record for that island! It shows the grouped glands well: caudolaterals, 


6; cephaiolaterals, 10 ; median, 1 only. 


THE BOREAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF PAMPHILA., 


BY DR. HENRY SKINNER, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


There seems to be some misapprehension in regard to the validity 
of our species of Pamphi/a, and inasmuch as I have been studying our 


_Hesperidz for some years past, I thought some remarks on the subject 


would not be inappropriate. We now have in this genus ninety-six species 
as they would appear in a list according to the generally accepted specific 
values. With the exception of about two groups, I consider the species 
remarkably well defined and constant, and if you once become. 
thoroughly familiar with them, there is not the slightest difficulty in 
separating any of them at sight. The great difficulty has been to deter- 
mine them from descriptions, as the word pictures are often inadequate, 
and almost impossible to comprehend, as the descriptions seem to fit a 
number of species that may not be even very closely related. Many 
of the figures have also been failures to a great extent; this is particu- 
larly true of the difficult Comma group, which is in most collections ina 
condition akin to certain of our species of Argynnis, Melitza and Colias. 


262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The first group of species of uncertain value is the so-called comma group; 
this is named comma group because the species, so-called, resemble or 
are variations of an European species, Pamphila comma. I think it 
unwise to separate these forms of comma and consider them species, as 
the variation is almost endless, every locality seeming to produce a new 


one. I have received individuals of this group from Southern Texas to . 


Assiniboia, and how much farther north or south they are found I do not 
know. Their western limit is the Pacific Ocean, and the eastern limit is 
perhaps not well-defined, being somewhere in Canada, and as far east as 
Colorado in the United States. I would limit the comma group proper to 
Ruricola, Oregonia, Columbia, Colorado, Nevada, Manitoba, Juba, 
Assinibota, and any others that people care to name after the special 
localities where found. The fewer specimens one has of these variations 
the better off he is in regard to being able to determine them—if he has 
large series from various localities he is ‘at sea.” I have recently 
received a form from the mountains of Utah, which some ambitious 
lepidopterist might like to call Utahensis. There is one other group that 
presents some difficulty, and in which some species do not seem to me to 
be clearly defined—they are sy/vanoides, agricola, pratincola, milo, verus, 
mystes, sirts. I do not mean to say that all of these are not valid species, 
but that some of them seem variable and to run into each other, and 
some are hard to separate. The remaining species, as a rule, are remark- 
ably distinct and have excellent characters. There is much work to be 
done in the genus in the way of correcting synonymy, and in a few cases 
there are actual synonyms, but in comparison to the great number of 
species the synonyms are few. As an example of the mixed synonymy, 
the following may be cited :— 


Vitellius, Fabricius = Vitel/ius, Hubner = Delaware, Edwards, 
Arogos, Bdl.-Lec. = Vitellius, Abb -Sm., = /owa, Scudder. 


All who have heretofore written on the subject have put arogos asa 
synonym of cernzes, but Boisduval and Leconte knew cermes, which they 
figure, and also give a recognizable figure of avagos,a southern and 
western species. I hope to monograph the genus some day, and desire 
all the material I can get. I have all the species, with but few exceptions, 
and am very anxious to get these, either by purchase or exchange. I 


have been studying photography and the ‘‘half-tone” process, with a view — 


of illustrating these interesting little fellows, but their non-actinic colours 


of black, yellow, orange, and red make them the most difficult things — 
imaginable to reproduce in this way. I think, however, there is a great — 


future for the illustration of natural history objects by photography. 


fa-- 


cs 


~ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 


NOTES UPON THE NORTH AMERICAN SATURNINA, 
WITH LIST OF THE SPECIES: 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 
Of the three families of Sa¢urnina found in North-America, only the 
Saturnide occurs in the European fauna. Conversely no analogue of the 


European Ag/ia tau * has been found in America. In a very interesting 


paper, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Vol. XI., 1893, Dr. Packard says of this 
species: ‘“‘ Ag/ia appears to be a Ceratocampid in its earlier larval stages, 
the caterpillar in its final stage, however, and the moth being closely 
related to the Saturnians.” This being so, it is clear that Ag/Za cannot 
be classed as a subfamily of C7theronide, from which the habit and 
structure of the moth and the mode of pupation seem to exclude it. 
Aglia seems, in fact, a comprehensive type, showing characters of the 
other three families of Saturnina. ‘The head and antenne are compared 
by Dr. Packard to those of Automeris to. Aglia resembles Zelea some- 
what in maculation and colour, and the wings in repose are held as in 
this genus and Cad//osamia. In fact, the ¢ moth reminds one in many 
respects of C. promethea: the slender body, the ovate outline of the 
antenne and especially their position, together with the ready diurnal 
flight. All these characters are opposed to the Citheronide. The 9 
Aglia tau has remained in a more generalized condition. The group 
may be considered as higher than the Hemi/eucide, with which it is allied 
in venation, and probably as entitled to family rank, as suggested by Dyar. 
We have shown, in 1866, that there is a general difference in antennal 
structure between the three families, Saturnide, Hemileucide and 


Citheronide, and this notice has probably served as the basis for 


subsequent attempts to classify the Safwrnina upon antennal structure. 
In the same paper, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. N. Hist., VIII, p. 378, we draw 
attention to the difference in pupation. ‘The Saturnide weave large and 
dense cocoons attached to objects free from and elevated above the surface 
of the earth ; the Memleucide spin cocoons of slighter texture on or near 
the ground and granules of earthy matter are mixed with the web 
(Automeris ), or in a surface cell among debris with no or little silk 
(Hemileuca); the Citheronide enter the ground to form a cell beneath 


the surface, in which the naked pupa reposes, showing an analogy of 


*This moth is very common in beech woods in this neighbourhood, Hildesheim, 
and almost everywhere in Central Europe. I should not.wonder if it were in time 
imported by dealers, and then reported as indigenous to America, as I believe has been 
done with \ylotcus pinastri. 


264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


habit with the Sphingina. Consult also, for perhaps the earliest recog- 
nition of the relationship implied by the habit of pupation between the 
Citheronide and Sphingina, my “ Notes on the Sphingidz of Cuba,” pp. 
4-5, Phil., 1865. The larve of Citheronia and Eacles have the same 
peculiarity with the Hawk moths, that they change colour and wander 
restlessly about in searching for a place of entrance. The habit in pupa- 
tion of C. regadis is described with interesting original details by Dr. 
Hamilton, Can. Ent., XXI., 101. I believe the Citheronida@ to be 
exclusively American. For a note on the geographical distribution of the 
family, see Can. EnT., XX., 76,1888. Since, then, the two latter families 
are absent in Europe, we can only compare the Saturnide in the two 
faunce. There are no identical, but probably one “representative” species, 
the Californian Saturnia mendocino, Behrens. When my good friend, Mr. 
James Behrens, sent me his MS. and type of the species (Can. Ent., VIIL., 
149), I saw we had to do with a genuine Saturnia. Consult Behrens, 
Can. Ent., VIII., 175, where the author says: “After examining my 


type of Saturina mendocino, Prof. Grote considers it a true Saturnia and | 


points out that in its yellow hind wings it resembles S. Carpini ¢.” 
I may say that had my determination been wrong, and Behrens’s beautiful 
species belonged to an allied genus, say Cadosaturnia, Sm., my theory 
that the California fauna contained some residuary paleearctic types, pre- 
vented by the mountains from spreading east, would have been damaged. 
But my determination holds good. I cannot now compare mendocino 
with the two smaller European forms, the types of Heera, Hubn., 1806, 
but it may well be that it “represents” Saturnia pavonia minor, L. I 
do not know S. gadbina, Clem., which Neumoegen and Dyar make the 
type of Avapema, reversing Prof. J. B. Smith’s determination of these two 
forms. 


The nearest ally of Saturnéa in our Eastern fauna is Sama cecropia, 
L., and I placed this genus next to Saturnia in my classification in Proc. 
Am. Phil. Soc., 1874, as well as in my Check List of 1882. Mr. Dyar 
had asked me to examine the larve of the European Saturnia unknown 
to him in nature, so as to see whether they agreed with his definition of 
the family. I did so, and found the tubercles prominent, no single tubercle 
on ninth segment. I was impressed by the resemblance between the full- 
grown larva of Saturuia pavonia major with that of our Samia cecropia. 


I sent Mr. Dyar then the prepared larvee of the two European species in | 


three stages, as his testimony in the matter would relieve my own doubt 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 265 


‘that I was correct in my observation. Mr. Dyar kindly writes me upon 
the specimens as follows: ‘They are evidently true Saturnians, as you 
wrote them to be, but differ from any which I have seen before, in lacking 
the unpaired dorsal tubercle on eighth abdominal segment. The tubercle 
is absent also in Azisota (Citheroniide), but in no other genus which I 
have yet seen. I thought at first that the unpaired tubercle was simply 
absent in Avz/sofa, and wrote my first article on larve under that impres- 
sion. But when I had the opportunity of studying the larvee in stage L., 
I found that really the original tubercle i. remained unconsolidated, and 
ii. disappeared, just as on the more anterior segments. But in these 
Saturnians ( pavonia major and minor) we cannot say whether i. is consoli- 
dated into an unpaired tubercle with its fellow and the structure lost, or 
whether i. is separate and ii. is gone. The first stage would probably not 
help us here, as the primitive first stage is lacking in all the Saturnians 
which I have seen. But, by analogy with Azzsota, I conclude that i. is 
unconsolidated. .S. pavonia minor is the more generalized form, when 
we come to consider the mature larva. S. pavonia major has suffered a 
modification in the evolution, and is more specialized. The secondary 
hairs are greatly reduced, but those that are left, together with the central 
sete on the tubercles, are elongated and have acquired flattened and 
enlarged tips; the tubercles themselves stand up prominently and are 
coloured blue, strongly suggesting a simple form of our Sama type. 
I seem to see even a trace of the predominance of the subdorsal tubercles 
on meso- and metathoracic segments, which is so marked in the American 
forms. As to colour, the primitive black, seen in generalized larvee like 
our Hemileucids, Psexdohazis, etc., is replaced gradually during ontogeny 
by green, as is done in Samia, etc., and in Citheronia. A beautiful 
adaptation to the environment.” 


Thus it appears from Mr. Dyar’s study, that our Samza cecropia and 
allies are descendants of the same stock with the European Saturnia, 
while the position I have assigned to Samia as next to Saturnia is 
justified. There remains for me to point out some facts with regard to 
the formation of the cocoon in our American genera which induces my 
arrangement of the family. In Attacus, Philosamia and Callosamia, the 
larva attaches the deciduous leaf, which forms the basis and natural 
attachment for its web, firmly to the branchlet by a pedicel of silk. 
Evidently this is an acquired habit. It has been found more useful to 
the species that the cocoon be prevented from falling to the ground with 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the fall of the leaf. Ze/ea and Actias have not this habit. The cocoon 
falls in the autumn with the leaf which was used in the spinning. The 
Attacid group, with falcate fore wings and ovate secondaries, have 
generally this habit of attaching the cocoon. This proves at once the 
validity of Cadlosamia, which has the habit strongly developed, as 
compared with Sama, which has it not at all, but spins a thick double 
cocoon attached to the branches thetnselves, often near the ground and 
much after the fashion of the European Saturnia. I therefore 
place the genera with the pedicel habit at the commencement of the 
family, Saturnia and Samia following and closing with Actzas and Te/ea, in 
which the thinner cocoon falls with the leaf to the ground. This study of 
the genera of our Saturnide leads virtually to the same arrangement as 
proposed by me in 1874; it places merely Actzas and TZe/ea together at 
the last, instead of commencing with them ; the main point lies in the 
association of the genera which are naturally nearest, Attacus, Philosamia, 
Callosamia, and again Samia and Saturnia. Asking his opinion, Mr. 
Dyar kindly answers me that he would arrange the Saturnina “just like 
your list of 1882, except that Zhauma and Quadrina should change 
places.” I do not know Zhauma; of Quadrina I had only the ? type, 
and I never possessed an example of Gloveria, with which Neumoegen 
and Dyar unite it, from a photograph of the venation furnished by Prof. 
Comstock, considering it the same as the European Dendrolimus, with 
the types of which I am also unacquainted. Those using the Philadelphia 
Check List should therefore alter the incorrect classification there 
adopted, for that in the New York Check List, as here amended in detail. 
I would also suggest, that the specimens in the National Museum in 
Washington be labelled to agree with the list given here, as their present 
labels must be, in large part, erroneous. ; 


The first separation of the Hemz/eucide was by Grote and Robinson 
in 1866, under the name Hemi/eucini ; while the genera of the Dryecam- 
pini grouped together in the same paper correspond to the family 
Citheronide of Dyar. I have elsewhere shown that Kirby is incorrect in 
giving Zaocoon as the type of Aacles, Hubn. Verz. The type of Hac/es 
is fixed by Dr, Packard in 1864 ; the two genera are distinct in all stages. 
The revision of the species of C’theronia, given by Grote and Robinson 
in 1866, has perhaps not been read by Mr. Kirby. I would follow Mr. 
Dyar in excluding the Zacosomide from the present series. I am indebted 
to Neumoegen and Dyar for details of synonymy and locality. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267 


Family SATURNID&. 
Family type: S. pavonia major, L. 
Gen. Atracus, Linn., 1767. 
Type: A. atlas. 
I. erycina, Shaw. South America to Mexico; Texas ? 
splendidus, Beauv. 
2. jorulla, Westw. 
cinctus, Tepp. Mexico to Arizona. 
Gen. PHILOsAMIA, Grt., 1874. 
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIV., 258. 
Type: P. cynthia. 
3. cynthia, Drury. Atlantic Coast, introduced from Asia. 
aurotus, Fabr. 
insudaris, Voll. 
Gen. CALLoSAMIA, Pack., 1864. 
Type: C. promethea. 


4. calleta, Westw. Mexico to Arizona. 
polyommata, Tepp. 
5. promethea, Drury. Canada, south and westward. 
6. angulifera, Walk, Atlantic States ; Buffalo, probably Lower Canada. 
Obs.—These three genera form the first group in the family ; the 
second consists of Samia, Saturnia and Agapema,; the third, of Actas 
and Zé/ea. 
Gen. Samia, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). 
Type: S. cecropia. (Packard restr., 1864.) 
= Platysamia, Grt., 1865. 
cecropia, Zinn. Canada, southward. 
columbia, S. Z. Smith. Canada to Michigan ; Eastern States. 
g. Gloveri, Streck. Arizona to Rocky Mountain region. 
var. reducta, eum. Mts. of Colorado, 11,000 ft. 
to. rubra, Behr. (1855.) California to Pacific Northwest. 
californica, Grt. (1865.) 
ceanothi, Behr. (1868.) 
euryalus, Streck. (1875.) 


on 


Gen. SaturnIA, Schrank, 1802. 
Type: S. pavonia major (py77). 
= Herea, Hubn., 1806. © 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Type: S. carpini. 
= || Pavonia, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). 
= Calosaturnia, J. B. Smith, 1886. 
Type: S. mendocino. 
11. mendocino, Behrens. Northern coast region, California. 
Gen. Acapema, Neum. and Dyar, 1894. 
Type: A. galbina. 
12. galbina, CZem. ‘Texas. 
Gen. Actias, Leach, 1819. 


Type: A. selene. 
= Tropa, Hubn, 1818 (1822 ?). 
Type: A. luna. 
13. luna, Zinn. Canada to Texas ; Mexico. 


var. dictynna, Walk. 
var. Rossi, Ross. 


Gen. TELEa, Hubn. 
14. polyphemus, Cram. North America throughout. 
paphia, Linn. 
SJenestra, Perry. 
var. oculea, eum. 

Obs.—The late Mr. Hy. Edwards applied Mr. Walker’s name in 1880 
to a variety of /zza, in which, as I remember, the outer margins of the 
wing showed a reddish band. I have not seen Mr. Walker's type. It is, 
I believe, that form of Zzza, found also in the north, which led Prof. 
Agassiz in 1860 to suspect a distinct species. The reference of Zuna to 
Tropea is founded on the belief that the Asiatic species may belong to a 
distinct genus. I have not been able to compare them. 

Family HEMILEUCID&. 
Pack., Ann. Mag. N. Hist., 173, 1893. 
= Hemiteuctnt, G. & R., 1866 ; Grote, 1874. 
Family type He mileuca maia. 
Gen. AUTOMERIS, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). 
Type: A. janus. (Grote restr., 1874.) 
= fyperchiria, Hubn. Verz. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


269 


£0. 


AT. 


== ll 7g; Boisd., 1875. 


. Zelleri, G. & FR. Texas. 
. pamina, Vvewm. Arizona. 


var. aurosea, /Veum. 


. zephyria, Grt. New Mexico. 
. 10, Faby. Canada, southward. 


varia, Walk. 
Fabricii, Boisd. 
var. argus, VV. & D. 
2 var. lilith, Streck. (Atlanta, Ga.) 
Gen. THauma, Hy. Ed., 1875. 
ype: slamibis. 


. socialis, Hezsth. West Coast, Vancouver to Chile. 


angulifera, Walk. 
ribis, Hy. Ed. 
Gen. CoLoranpiaA, Blake, 1863. 
dype.s Ci pandora: 
pandora, Blake. Rocky Mountain region. 
Gen. ARGYRAUGES, Grt., 1883. 


Type: A. Neumoegeni. 


. sororius, Hy. Hd. Lower California. 
. hualapai, MVewm. Arizona. 


. Neumoegeni, Hy. Hd. Arizona. 


Gen. HemiLeuca, Walk., 1855. 


Type: H. maia. (G. & R. restr., 1866.) 


= Euchromia, Pack., 1864. 


= Euleucopheus, Pack., 1872. (Grote ref., 1883.) 


Type: H. tricolor. 
electra, Wright. So. California. 
maia, Drury. North America, throughout. 
proserpina, Fabr. 
var. nevadensis, Stretch. 
lucina, Hy. Ed. 
var. californica, Wright. 
artemis, Pack. 


Type: A. io. (Pack. restr., 1864.) . 


270 


I2. 


13. 


I 4. 


Ais 


16. 


17. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


juno, Pack. Mexico to Arizona. 
yavapat, Neum. 
Grotei, G. & &. Texas to Colorado. 
diana, Pack. 
tricolor, Pack. New Mexico; Utah. 
Gen. Psruponazis, G. & R., 1866. 
Type: P. eglanterina. 
eglanterina, Borsd. Rocky Mts.; Arizona. 
var. Nuttalli, Streck. 
shastaensis, Behrens. Coast region of California ; Mt. Shasta. 
var. denudata, Veum. 
hera, Harris. Rocky Mts; Eastern Oregon. 
pica, Walk. 
var. marcata, Meum. 
Family CiTHERONID&. 
Neum. & Dyar, 1894, 
= Dryocampini, G. & R., 1866. 
= || Ceratocampide, Auct. 
Family type: Citheronia regalis. 
Gen. Eacies, Hubn., 1818 (1822? ). 
Type: E. imperialis. (Pack. restr., 1864.) 
= Basilona, Boisd., 1868. 


1. imperialis, Drury. Lower Canada to Texas ; Mexico. 


imperatoria, Abb. & Sm. 
didyma, Beauv. 
var. punctatissima, Ves. 
var. nobilis, Veum. 


Gen. CirHERoNIA, Hubn., 1818 (1822?). 
Type: C. regalis. 
= || Ceratocampa, Harris, 1834. 


2. regalis, adr. Lower Canada to Southern States. 


regia, Abb. & Sm. 
var. infernalis, Streck. 
var. saengerl, Vewm. 


3. mexicana, G. & FR. Mexico. 
4. sepulcralis, G. G F. Mass. to Florida. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271 


Gen. SPHINGICAMPA, Walsh, 1864. 
Type: S. distigma. 
Grt., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1874. 


5. albolineata, G. & R. Mexico; Texas? 
6. Heiligbrodti, Harvey. Arizona. 
7. bicolor, Harris. Western States ; Mississippi Valley. 
distigma, Walsh, 
var. suprema, JVeum. 
var. immaculata, Jewett. 
8. quadrilineata, G. & R. Mexico; Texas. 
g. bisecta, Zzztn. Western States to Texas. 
var. nebulosa, eum. 


Gen. AntsoTa, Hubn., 1818 (1822 ?). 


iype wAwwstiama. (Gri. restr. 1574.) 
= Dryocampa, Harris, 1841. 
ro. stigma, Hadr. Atlantic States, westward. 
11. senatoria, 406. G& Sm. Atlantic States, westward. 
12. virginiensis, Drury. Canada, southwardly. 
pellucida, Abb. & Sm. 


13. rubicunda, fadr. Canada, southwardly. 
var. alba, Grt. 
pallida, Bowles. 

Obs.—This arrangement is that adopted by me in 1874. It is 
possible, when the larve of all the forms are known, it may be slightly 
altered. ‘he relationship between the types of Ade/ocephala, Boisd., and 
the species included by me in the extension of Sphingicampa, is not 
known. I had been inclined to look upon Sphingicampa as a specialized 
form with more affinity to Zac/es than to Anisota. I have not been able 
to compare the larve properly. I had endeavoured to rescue Harris’s term 
Dryocampa for Antsota rubicunda ; but the moth does not seem to offer 
distinct structural characters ; hence, the collective term Dryocampini, 
G. & R., 1866, must also fall. Mr. Dyar writes me positively that he 
thinks rudicunda strictly congeneric with Azzsofa, both as larva and moth. 
The tubercles of Azzsofa are peculiar, and Mr. Dyar finds no difference 
between the species. I think this settles the matter, and that the 
present nomenclature of the Suturnina can be accepted without much 
reservation. 


27.2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


THE MARX COLLECTION OF ARACHNIDA. 


The eminent arachnologist, Dr. George Marx, of Washington, D. C., 
died January 3rd, 1895. His important collection of Arachnida has been 
placed by his widow in charge of the undersigned committee of the 
Entomological Society of Washington, to be disposed of by sale. The 
collection is one of the most important in existence. It contains more 
than one thousand species of Aranaeina alone. 

Of this one thousand species, about five hundred are described 
species from North America. These are distribued among 175 genera. 
The families Theridiide, Epeiridee and Theraphoside are particularly 
well-represented, and have been identified largely by some well-known 
authority. The Theridiidee were in the hands of the late Count Key- 
serling, and about thirty of his species have their types in this collection. 
The Theraphosidz have been recently in the hands of Simon, of Paris, 
while Dr. McCook has examined the Epeiride. In addition to these 500 
described American species, there are about 200 species of European 
spiders properly identified and labelled, and nearly 300 American species 
which bear Dr. Marx’s manuscript names. There is, further, a great mass 
of material which has never been worked up. 

The species are many of them represented by many specimens. The 
collection is contained in vials in Muller’s fluid, and the vials are arranged 
in the standard trays of Dr. Marx’s own invention, as figured and 
described in Riley’s ‘ Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects” 
(Smithsonian Institution, Part F, Bulletin 39. U.S. National Museum). 
The collection is of special interest, aside from the number of species, on 
account of the excellent representation of the boreal fauna. There are 
many specimens from Alaska on the west and Labrador on the east. In 
addition, all parts of America north of Mexico are represented. Besides 
the Aranaeina there are many specimens of Scorpionida, Solpugida and 
Pseudoscorpionida, and Pedipalpi. 

After due consideration, we have decided to offer, for the present, this 
collection for sale for the sum of fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500). 

Correspondence relative to the collection, or its possible purchase, 
may be addressed to any member of the cammitteee : 


C. V. Rizey, U.S. National Museum. 

L. O. Howarpb, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

E. A. Scuwarz, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

THEODORE GILL, Smithsonian Institution. 
Washington, D. C., August rst, 1895. 


P. S.—With the collection will be delivered to the purchaser, Dr. 
Marx’s large and valuable. library on Arachnida, comprising all the 
important works on the group, well-bound, together with several hundred 
pamphlets. 


Mailed September 7th, 1895. 


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PROP. CV. RUE iba it tees 


The Cana lay Boma 


VOL XXVIL LONDON, OCTOBER, 1895. No. to. 


- CHARLES VALENTINE RILEY. 


In the death of Prof. C. V. Riley, the world of practical science has 
lost one of its brightest lights. On the morning of September 14th, 
Prof. Riley left his home in Washington, on his bicycle, in company 
with his son, to ride into the city. Not many minutes after they had 
started the Professor’s wheel struck a stone, and he was thrown so: 
violently from his seat, against the curb, that his skull was fractured. 
He was picked up unconscious, and died some hours later. 


Professor Riley was an Englishman by birth, having been born at 
Chelsea, September 18th,.1843. He was educated in England, France, 
and Germany. When seventeen years of age, he came to America 
and settled on a farm in Illinois. Here he began his first observations 
on injurious insects. Four years later he went to Chicago, and from that 
period on to the present time he has always been accorded a foremost 
place among the leaders of scientific thought in America. 

In 1868, Prof. Riley was appointed State Entomologist of Missouri, 
and it was during his tenure of that office that he prepared his celebrated 
nine reports on the ‘“ Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of Missouri.” 
In 1878, he was appointed Entomologist to the Bureau of Agriculture ; 
he resigned soon after, but was reappointed again in June, 1881, and 
held the office until about a year ago. 

Prof. Riley was a man of keen perception, and possessed of great 
_ perseverance and tenacity of purpose. He was an exceptionally 
accurate ‘observer, and his writings are couched in a plain, unaffected 
style, which never leaves any doubt as to his meaning. His investiga- 
tions were markedly original, and he seldom recorded anything he had 
not actually seen himself. His marvellous skill as an artist enabled him 
to add much to the value of his writings by many exquisitely drawn 
figures. All his work was characterized by system and thoroughness, 
and, as a consequence, his writings are most valuable, and very numer- 
ous. He was also a skilful administrator, and had a faculty for gathering 
around him the best men available for all special lines of study. Among 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


the many remarkable results of his work, there are three which will 
always be associated with his name: the invention of the Cyclone or 
Riley nozzle, the discovery of the kerosene emulsion, and the introduc- 
tion of Vedalia cardinalis, through the agency of which, in controlling 
the Fluted Scale, the cultivation of citrus fruits is now possible in 
California. As a friend, he was kind, patient and true; as an economic 
entomologist, take him all in all, he was far and away the most eminent 
the world has ever seen. Every one who could appreciate this great 
man and his work, will deplore the sad accident which has cut off his 


career when he was still at the height of his physical and mental vigour. 
i a = 


STUDIES IN N. A. MEMBRACIDA—III. 
F. w. GODING, M. D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILL. 
Subfamily CENTROTINA, Stol. 
Multareis, gen. nov. 

Head broad, with an angle on each side below the eyes, margins 
parallel from base to apex, which is largely produced in a spoon-shape ; 
base of the head nearly straight; ocelli a trifle nearer the eyes than to 
each other, on a line above the centre of the eyes ; head, at inner edge of 
each eye, furnished with a compressed, dentiform tubercle projecting 
directly forward; head inflexed below the eyes. Prothorax convex, 
elevated some above lateral angles, at summit, on each side armed with a 
short, stout (truncated?) horn, the sides of which are continuous with 
those of the prothorax, projecting upward, and parallel; densely 
punctured ; basal margin projecting in a transverse carina; furnished 
with a percurrent median carina ; posterior process gradually narrowed to 
the apex, which is briefly recurved in a compressed tooth or lobule ; the 
base almost completely covering the scutellum; dorsum of posterior 
process furnished with two rounded tubercles, the first located at the 
base of the anterior convexity, the second midway between it and the 
apex. Tegmina coriaceous, narrow, punctured, opaque, veins irregular 


and numerous ; barely passing abdomen, far surpassing the apex of the — 
posterior prothoracic process ; corium with the venation very irregular 

towards apex, there being numerous discoidal and terminal areas varying 
greatly in size, and three basal areas; clavus attenuated gradually to ~ 


apex ; wings with four apical areas, the second minute, triangular, Front 
tibiz moderately dilated, with a row of fine spines along the edges. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 


This genus is closely related to Amzomus, Fairm., which, possibly, 
ought to be arranged to include the type of Multareis. It differs from 
Anomus in the shape of the head, curve of the apex of the posterior 
process, tegmina not broad, destitute of hairs, number of discoidal areas, 
presence of dorsal horns and tubercles on the front of the head ; inflexed 
head, and tibiz. 

Type MZ. cornutus, n. sp. 

M. cornutus, n. sp.— é, Z. Light ferruginous, strongly punctured. 
In front of lateral angles, on each side, a tubercle in a fossa coloured 
‘black ; tips of lateral angles, upper part of anterior swelling, horns and 

tip of second posterior tubercle dark ferruginous ; tip of posterior process 
brownish-black ; tegmina sordid ferruginous, veins dark brown, with two 
broad transverse bands, the first across the middle, the second between 
‘it and the apex sordid white ; tegmina finely punctured, but uneven and 
rough. Abdomen dark brown, spindle-shaped and robust. Legs ferru- 
ginous. 

Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 14 mm. 

Habitat—Panamint Valley, Calif. 

Described from a pair received from Prof. Riley. Types in collec- 
tion F. W. G., and National Museum. 

Tuberculocentrus, gen. nov. 

Head convex, produced in the middle, large, uneven, coarsely 
punctured, about half as long as broad between the eyes, which are 
prominent ; ocelli on a line through the centre of the eyes, much farther 
from each other than from the eyes. Prothorax between the shoulders 
elevated in a rounded hump, somewhat flattened on top, densely punc- 
tured, with a percurrent median carina ; at the base, behind the eyes and 
in front of the lateral angles, on each side, is a large tubercle in a fossa ; 
posterior process not reaching the tip of the abdomen, long, very broad 
at base, gradually narrowed to the beginning of the posterior third, where 
it is greatly constricted, then broadened considerably and ends at the 
apex in a sharp point; when seen from the side it is deeply sinuate 
behind the hump, slightly so before the apex, which is lightly elevated. 


Abdomen long and broad. Scutellum truncated. Tegmina broad, 
extending far beyond the tip of the abdomen, coriaceous, sub-transparent ; 
the corium divided into innumerable small areas, no regular arrangement 
of the veins ; clavus gradually attenuated to the apex. Tibize triquetrous, 
not dilated, a row of fine spines on the edge, This is closely related ta 
Centrodentus, Godg. 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 


T. solus.—@. n.sp. Sordid yellow, punctured, immaculate, eyes 
dark brown, antennz black, abdomen lemon-yellow, ovipositor darker, 
tip of abdomen brown ; tegmina at the interior angle coriaceous, a little 
darker, veins yellow ; wings with three apical areas. 

Length, 4 mm.; breadth, 1% mm. 

Habitat—Death Valley, Calif. 

Described frora many species in the National Museum. 


Subfamily DaRNIN&#, Stal. 


Stictopelta arizona, 0. sp.— %. Yellow, lateral margins white. 
Head smooth, yellow, with a brown, transverse band just below the eyes, 
a darker spot near the eyes. Prothorax yellow, with a percurrent, 
longitudinal, median, impressed line ; base narrowly brown, at the middle 
of the base a white line, thus: ~~, the point resting at the base, the 
line becoming a band which extends around the lateral angles, along 
the inferior borders, ending just before the apex, which is brown: densely 
punctured; on each side of the base, under the curvature of the brace- 
shaped line, is a scar which is white in the centre with a dark brown ring. 
Tegmina nearly covered, the veins in the basal half nearly black, lighter 
towards apex. Below yellow ; ovipositor fuscous. 

Length, 9 mm.; width, 4 mm. 

Habitat—Arizona. From Prof. Riley. 

This is near precox, Burm. Type in National Museum. 


Subfamily SMILuN#, Stal. 


Carynota vera, n. sp.—@. Reddish, sprinkled with yellow ; punc- 
tured ; smallest member of the genus, closely resembling in shape various 
species of Stzctope/ta. 

Head broad, short, very obtusely triangular, rough, yellowish-red, 
with three yellow dots arranged in a triangle, the apex at the base of the 
head, the other two containing the ocelli, which are much nearer to each 
other than to the eyes ; a dark brown curved band across the lower part 
of the face ; eyes prominent, dark. Prothorax less elevated than other 
Carynote, convex in front, rising in a curve over lateral angles, extending 
posteriorly to the apex without any depressions nor becoming flattened ; 
an impression, originating from behind the lateral angles at the inferior 
borders, on each side, extends backward and upward, meeting on the 
dorsum at the middle of the posterior process directly across the median 
carina and not at an angle; the median carina is a smooth line, per- 


ae 


—— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


bo 
~i 
~I 


current, dark brown ; the posterior process rounded and very acute at the 
tip, which does not quite reach apex of tegmina; there is a shining, 
irregular black scar near the base of prothorax on each side ; the yellow 
atoms are sparingly scattered over the prothorax, except those on the 
dorsum, which are arranged in the form of an oblong oval; a large 
triangular yellow spot, shaded with fuscous, on each side at the middle of 
the lateral borders ; the lateral borders for about one-fourth their length 
very narrowly yellow. ‘Tegmina coriaceous and mostly opaque, densely 
punctured, reddish ; two discoidal cells, the exterior small, round and 
transparent, the interior larger, triangular and opaque ; the first and fifth 
apical cells transparent ; the third triangular and about as broad as long. 
Wings with four apical cells, the second sessile. Below yellowish-red ; 
femora yellow with a broad reddish band just above the tips ; tibiz 
triquetrous, hairy ; tarsi dark red. 

Length, 7 mm.; width, 3% mm.; altitude, 3 mm. 

Habitat—Norway ; Maine. One @ from S, Henshaw. 


SOME NOTES ON BRUCHUS IN NEW MEXICO. 
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS. 


A number of the bur-like fruits of Glycyrrhiza lepidota, a species of 


licorice native to Arizona and parts of New Mexico, were collected in the 


Mesilla Valley of the Rio Grande River, north of Las Cruces, in the fall 
of 1892. The following May, there were found issued from these burs 
many specimens of a Bruchid, which was identified at the Agricultural 
Department in Washington as Bruchus alboscutellatus, Horn. There 
were also many parasites issued, which were determined by Mr. Ashmead 
as Lruchophagus mexicanus, Ashm. I am indebted to Mr. Coville for 
the determination of the plant. 

Many pods of the tornillo or screw-bean, Prosopis pubescens, were 
alsa collected in the fall of 1892, at Las Cruces. In the following May, 
there were found issued from these many specimens of Bruchus amicus, 
Horn. Two parasites of this species were also bred with it, and have 
been determined by Mr. Ashmead as LEupelmus cyaniceps, Ashm., and 
Flolcopelte producta, Ashm. 

From a pod of Lotus sp., collected by Professor Wooton, near Las 
Cruces, there issued specimens of Bruchophagus mexicanus, Ashm., so 
determined by Mr. Ashmead. This further indicates that the pods of this 
Lotus sp. are affected by a Bruchus sp., in the Mesilla Valley region. 


278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


PREPARATORY STAGES OF ALYPIA’ LANGTONII, COUPER. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK. 


This larva is a close ally of A. octomaculata, but differs from it in the 
pale head, the black bands broken in the subdorsal region, the small size 
of the subventral white spots and the absence of the conical tubercles 
which are represented by black spots. The food plant is the fireweed 
(Epilobium angustifolium ). 

Egg. —Laid singly on the under side of a leaf close to the projecting 
midrib. Flat at base, low conoidal, a little pointed at apex ; micropyle 
depressed, surrounded by two concentric rings, granular-reticulate ; from 
the outer ring a series of round-beaded ridges run to the under surface. 
These ridges under a Zeiss C objective appear as a series of rounded 
granules, but they alternate on successive ones so that the grooves 
between them are wavy as usual in the Noctuide. Micropyle a circular 
cup-shaped area of one circle of cells radiating from its centre, its edge 
forming the first ring. From this the ridges pass gently over the outer 
ring, becoming more distinct and increasing in number by the interpo- 
lation of others, confluent in pairs, but not marked on account of their 
granular structure. Diameter, 0.55 mm.; height, o.3 mm. Colour whitish, 
not shining, marked with dark red-brown in an irregular blotched ring or 
broken spots, different in each egg. Duration of the stage, 9 days. 

First Stage.—After hatching the larve walk with a looping gait, but 
soon begin to feed. They readily fall off by a thread when disturbed. 
Head bilobed, pale brown; width, 0.4 mm. Body yellowish-whitish, 
cervical shield, anal and leg plates blackish. Tubercles normal, brown, 
mostly minute, but those on joints 5—7 and rr surrounded by large spots, 
those on joint 12 with small spots. Thoracic feet dark. Joint 12 
enlarged, tubercles i. and ii. forming a square on it. Tubercle vi. absent, 
three setze on the leg plates. 

Second Stage.—At first as before; width of head, 0.5 mm. Body 
more brown spotted. Setz fine, pointed, tubercles black, the sub- 
primaries (iii. and v. on thorax and vi. on abdomen) present. Anterior 
two pair of abdominal feet a little smaller than the others. Later the 
tubercles are black, conic, irregular in size, the brown marks around them 
slight. The body appears green from the contained food. A dorsal line 
of irregular opaque white shadings, 

Third Stage.—Large, black, conical tubercles with pale sete. Body 
greenish, blotched with opaque white, especially dorsally ; a few brown 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 


markings as in the previous stage. Feet black. Head whitish, its 
tubercles all shining black, a little brown shading around mouth and eye. 
Width, 0.7 mm. Joints 4-7 and 12 form two humps in the position of 
rest of the larva. 


Fourth Stage.—UHead white, the black spots as before supplemented 
by many small dusky spots. The black tubercles form three transverse 
rows ; a black dentate line above mouth. Width, 1.15 mm. Body white, 
tinged with orange on joints 5, 6 and 12 dorsally and along the region of 
tubercle iv. the whole length. Tubercles large, conical, black ; hairs all 
pale, rather stiff, long, single. The body is mottled with brownish-black 
in irregular streaks between the tubercles, except subdorsally where the 
white ground prevails. Rims of spiracles, thoracic feet and leg plates, 
black. 


fifth Stage-—Head white with many black spots, all the spots of 
the preceding stage being now equally black. Width, 1.6 mm. Body as 
before, but the tubercles and narrow irregular marks velvety black. The 
orange shades spread, tending to form transverse bands ; on joints 5, 6, 
Iz and 12 the faint orange bands are complete. The black marks are 
thickest ventrally, predominating, thin subdorsally ; along dorsal line they 
form a series of irregular marks enclosing a broken white dorsal line. On 
the subventral folds the ground colour forms a series of white patches 
most distinct on joints 11-12. 


Sixth Stage.—Head white with many black spots of various shapes ; 
mouth parts black. Width, 2.3 mm. Body white, the segments banded 
with orange, obscurely except on joints 5, 6 and rz. Tubercles large, 
velvety black, low conic or almost flat, not produced. The velvety black 
marks on the body form narrow irregularly eroded and broken transverse 
lines, some only represented by angular marks, all broken subdorsally so 
as to give the appearance of a white subdorsal band, The lines are about 
eight on each segment, but so broken and irregular that they are difficult 
to trace. Dorsally they are partly confluent, forming branching marks 
irregularly X or Y-shaped. On the subventral folds the ground colour 
appears as a series of white patches, the largest situated between joints 11 
and 12. Feet black, venter dark. Hairs long, distinct, rather stiff, white, 
all single and perfectly normal in arrangement for the Noctuina (Agrotina, 
Grote). The larva rests with joints 5-6 and 12 hunched up, forming two 
humps. Larve from Jefferson, N. H. 


280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


~_ 


RELATIONSHIP OF THE FAUNA OF PUGET SOUND TO 
THAT OF MEXICO AND CANADA. 


BY WILLIAM HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN, 


The fauna of Puget Sound [as shown by a collection of fifty species of 
Hymenoptera from Seattle, Washington, kindly sent me by Prof. O. B. 
Johnson, of the University of Washington] is most like that of Canada, no 
genera differing. 

Sphex Luce, Sauss, and Astata montana, Cress., are interesting 
exceptions. 

Sphex Luce, Sauss, shows relationship to California and Lower 
California. Originally described from Cape Saint Lucas, Mexico. I have 
identified it among specimens from Lake Co., Calif., kindly sent me by 
Mr. Oscar T. Baron, and it is found among the species from. Seattle, 
collected by Prof. Johnson. 

Astata montana, Cress. (Syn. Ast. elegans, Cress., g¢ 9; Syn. Ast. 
bella, Cress., 4 ;—the three names belong to one variable species), shows 
a relationship to the Plateaux Region ; occurring at Guanajuato, Mex., on 


the Mexican Tableland, where it has been collected by Dr. Duges, as 
identified from a female specimen presented by me to the U.S. N. M., 
and occurring throughout the Western United States, extending east to 
the Plains. 


SPHINX CANADENSIS, BOISDUVAL. 


Prof. C. H. Fernald says in his Sphingidz of New England: ‘ This 
very rare moth was taken at flowers in Bangor, Maine, early in July, by 
Prof. Carl Brown, who kindly loaned me specimens for study.” I have 
pleasure in announcing that this rare Sphinx has been added to the — 
Society’s collection, by Mr. C. G. Anderson, who, by industrious attention 
to bait and electric light, has accumulated a surprising amount and 
diversity of good material during the first part of the season. 

This is the first report of S. Canadensis being taken in Ontario, that — 
I am aware of. Mr. Grote refers to it as a Northerly species ; and gives 
its habitat as Canada, Newfoundland, Maine. Rev. T. W. Fyles and 
Mr. Strecker have reported it from’ Quebec Province, but Mr. Strecker 
afterwards received a specimen that was taken near Cincinnati. Nothing 
as yet seems to be known of its early stages or food plants. Mr. 
Strecker’s excellent coloured illustration of it in his Rhopaloceres and 
Heteroceres Plate XIIL., fig. 13, is unmistakable, whilst his description,, 
page 1o6, under the name of S. //lofa, supplemented by that of Prof. 
Fernald, leaves nothing further to be desired in that direction. Mr. 
Anderson has also taken what appears to be a black form of S. Gordius. 


J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. 


* 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 


NEW TENTHREDINIDA. 
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


Periclista, Knw.—This name was proposed by Knonow in his 
monograph of the European Blenocampids, published in the ‘‘ Winer 
Ent. Zeit.,” V. 1886, 186, for those species having the lanceolate cell 
petiolate, the eyes more or less remote from the bases of the mandibles, 
and the posterior wings with the outer cells closed by a marginal vein. 
This name had already been used by Forester, r869, for a genus of 
Cynipide, and I therefore propose the name JZogerus (poyepds) to take 
its place. 

Blennocampa bipartita, Cress.—-From an examination of a type 
specimen of this species, received from the American Entomological 
Society, I find that this species should be referred to the genus MMogerus. 

Mogerus emarginatus, n. sp. 3.—Black, with the following parts 
luteous: the labrum, the femora, the tibiz, the base of the tarsi, and the 
apex of the first, second, third and fourth abdominal segments indis- 
tinctly so; the collar and the tegule, white; the clypeus, angularly 
emarginate ; the antennz, thickened at base, especially the third and the 
fourth segments, the third segments about one-fourth longer than the 
fourth ; the wings hyaline ; the veins brown; the costa and the stigma 
luteous ; the anterior ocellus in a basin which connects with a transverse 
sinus which is caudad of the posterior ocelli. Length, 6 mm. 

Habitat— Boston, Massachusetts. One specimen. This is the 
species and specimen referred to by Mr. Harrison G. Dyar in the Can. 
Ent., XXVI., 1894, 185, as Blennocampa bipartita, where a description 
of the larve has been published. 

Selandria floridana,n. sp. ¢.—Black, with the following parts 
yellow: the clypeus (the labrum is fuscous), the tegule, a line on the 
collar, a spot on the mesopleure, the legs, including the coxe, except the 
middle and posterior tarsi, the caudal margin of the ventral abdominal 
segments, and the entire apical segment; the clypeus truncate; the 
labrum rounded ; the antenne slightly thickened in the middle, the third 
segments one-third longer than the fourth; the wings blackish-fuscous, 
paler at apex ; the veins, including the costa and the stigma, black ; the 
body shining, impunctured ; the lanceolate cell without a cross-vein, open 
at the shoulder ; the posterior wings with two middle cells: Length, 
4.5 mm. 

Habitat— Ormond, Florida. 


282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A single specimen received from Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson. 


Readily separated from the described American species by the colour of ~ 


the pleuree. 

Tenthredo bilineutus,n. sp. §.—Black, with the following parts 
yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on 
the front beneath the antenne, an ovate spot on the antennal ridges 
above the base of each antenna, the lower half of the cheeks, an elongate 
mark on the inner margin of the eye (this mark is half as long as the 
inner margin of the eye, reaching the meso-caudal angles of the eye, 
obliquely truncated in front, roundly emarginate on its mesal side, 
extending slightly beyond the caudal margin of the eye, a mne spur 
extending from the middle of its caudal margin to an elongate, quadrangu- 
lar spot along the latero-caudal margin of the head, sub-interrupted from 
the mark on the cheeks, not extending mesad beyond the mesal margin 
of the spot or the inner margin of the eye), a small spot on the vertex, in 
a line with the spots on the latero-caudal margin of the head and caudad 
of the ocelli, the tegulee, the collar, two lines on the mesonotum, converg- 
ing behind, a broad line from the scutellum to the base of the anterior 
wings, the cenchri, a small triangular spot on the cephalo-dersal corner 
of the mesopleurz, a spot above the posterior coxe, the basal membrane, 
two large spots on the sides of the basal plates, the trochanters, the bases 
of the femora, the front tibiz and tarsi, and the middle tibiz slightly 
beneath ; the following parts rufous: the first segments of the antennz 
entirely and the second and third on the inner side, the front and middle 
femora, the tibie above, the posterior femora beneath at apex, the 
posterior tibia, the middle and posterior tarsi, the venter, a narrow 
margin to the tergal segments one to three, and the tergal segments 
beyond the third ; the third segments of the antenne one-third longer 
than the fourth; the clypeus emarginate; the wings hyaline, slightly 
yellowish ; the veins black ; the costa and the base of the stigma luteous. 
Length. 6 mm. 

Habitat—Ithaca, New York. 

This species will be readily recognized by the markings on the head 
and mesonotum and the colour of the basal segments of the antennz and 
the apex of the abdomen. 

Tenthredo pallipunctus, n. sp. 2 .—Black, with the following parts 
yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the 


lower part of the cheeks, a line on the collar, a spot above the posterior 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 


cox, the anterior legs, including the coxe, beneath, and the middle 
tibie beneath (the middle femora have blotches of yellow beneath, so that 
specimens will probably be found having the femora yellow beneath); 
the third segments of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the 
clypeus emarginate ; the wings hyaline, slightly fuscous; the veins, 
including the costa and the stigma, brownish. Length, 1r mm. 

Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector. 

This species is related to /favomarginis, from which it differs in 
having the tegule and basal plates black. 

Tenthredo rufostigmus, n. sp. 3 .—Black, with the following parts 
yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the lower 
half of the cheeks, the tegule, an abbreviated line on the caudal part of 
the pleurs, a spot above the posterior coxee, the front and middle coxe 
except above, the posterior coxe at side, the front legs, beyond the coxe, 
beneath, and the middle trochanters and femora beneath ; the following 
parts rufous: the middle tibie beneath, the middle tarsi, the posterior 
femora beneath, the posterior tibie and tarsi, and the abdomen, including 
the venter, beyond the basal plates except a spot on the base of the first 
tergal segment ; the third segments of the antenn one-fourth longer than 
the fourth; the clypeus squarely emarginate; the wings slightly 
infuscated ; veins black; the costa and the stigma rufous. Length, 


ro mm. 
Habitat—Craig’s Mt., Idaho. Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collector. 


This species is related to dscrepans, from which it differs in having 
the posterior femora rufous with a black line above. 


Tenthredo atravenus,n. sp. &.—Black, with the following parts 
rufous: the legs beyond the trochanters except a spot on the bases of the 
femora above (the posterior tarsi are yellowish), the apex of the second 
abdominal segment, the third, fourth, and fifth abdominal segments 
entirely, and the base of the sixth abdominal segment; the third segments 
of the antenne one-half longer than the fourth, the clypeus truncate ; 
the labrum rounded, yellowish-fuscous at sides; the wings slightly 
clouded, more pronounced on the apical half; the veins black ; the costa 
rufous ; the stigma yellow, fuscous at base. Length, 10 mm. 

Habitat—Juliaetta, Idaho. Prof. J. M. Aldrich, collector. 

This species is related to sectc/is, from which it differs in having no 
pale spot above the posterior coxe. 


Tenthredo terminatus, n. sp. 2.—Black, with the following parts 
_ yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 
a ae 


the cheeks, the tegule, the latero-dorsal angles of the pronotum, a spot 
above the posterior coxze, a spot on the sides of the basal plates, a fine 
line on the apical margin of the basal plates and the first and second 
abdominal segments, the front and middle legs, including the coxe, 
beneath, the extreme apices of the posterior cox, and the posterior 
trochanters beneath ; the following parts rufous: the posterior legs 


beneath beyond the trochanters, the tergal segments beyond the second, . 


the sides of the third and fourth abdominal segments, and the ventral 
Segments beyond the fifth, including the guides of the Ovipositor ; the 
clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segments of the antenne one- 
third longer than the fourth ; the wings subinfuscated ; the costa and the 
base of the stigma rufous ; the veins black. Length, 12 mm. 

Habitat-—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector. 

This species is related to migricoxus and bella ; from the former it 
differs in not having the pale spot above the posterior cox wanting, and 
from the latter in having a black line above on all the legs. 


Lenthredo equalis, n. sp. 2 .—Black, with the following parts yellow: 


the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the 
cheeks, the tegule, a line on the collar, a spot above the posterior coxe, 
the anterior tibize beneath (the anterior femora are paler beneath; probably 
specimens will be found in which they are yellow beneath), and the anterior 
tarsi ; the following parts rufous: the femora, the middle and_ posterior 
tibiz and tarsi (the anterior tibie have a fine black line above), a spot on 
the middle of the second and third tergal segments, larger on the third, 
the tergal segments beyond the third, and the ventral segments beyond 
the fifth except the ventral margin of the ovipositor ; the Clypeus squarely 
emarginate ; the third segments of the antennz twice the length of the 
fourth ; the wings hyaline, the veins black; the costa and the stigma at 
base luteous. Length, 5 mm. 

Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Barker, collector.. 

This species is related to /wnatus and o/ivatipes ; it differs from the 
former in having a pale spot above the posterior coxze, and from the latter 
in having the scutellum black and the legs rufous. 


Lenthredo ventricus, n. sp. g.—Black, with the following parts 
yellow : the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the front 
beneath the antennz, the cheeks, a fine line on the collar, a spot above 
the anterior coxe, a spot above the posterior coxz, and a spot on the 
sides of the basal plates ; the following parts rufous: a fine line on the 


~~ * 


he 


9 es Eee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 


inner margins of the eyes, the tegulz, the prosternum, the mesosternum, 
and the mesopleurz, the legs, including the coxe, except a black line on 
the coxz and trochanters and femora above (the front and the middle 
legs are somewhat yellowish beneath), and the abdomen beyond the 
middle of the first segment ; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third 
segments of the antennz one-third longer than the fourth; the wings 
hyaline ; the veins brownish ; the costa and the stigma luteous. Length, 
TI mm. 

Habitat—Colorado. Mr. Carl F. Baker, collector. 

This species is related to rubelloides and hyalinus ; it is separated 

from the former by having the tibie entirely pale, and from the latter by 
the rufous mesopleurze and mesosternum and the squarely emarginate 
clypeus. 
Macrophya pulchella alba, n. var. 9 .—Black, with the following 
parts yellowish-white: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at 
apex, a triangular spot on the collar, the tegule, a circular spot on the 
pleurz, the basal plates, the scutellum, the postscutellum, the front and 
middle legs, including the coxe, except a ring on the apex of the tibiz 
and the apices of the apical segments of the tarsi, the posterior cox and 
trochanters, the basal half of the posterior femora, and the tibize except a 
ring at the base and apex. Length, 8 mm. 


Habitat — Indiana (Baker), Pennsylvania and Illinois (Nason), 
and New York. 


Macrophya punctata, n. sp. 9 .— Black, with the following parts 
white: the clypeus, the labrum, a spot on the bases of the mandibles, 
two spots on the caudal margin of the vertex, a narrow line on the collar, 
the tegulz at base, the anterior coxe beneath, the apices and a line on 
the side of the middle coxe, a large spot on the sides of the posterior 
cox, the trochanters, the front femora, tibiz, and tarsi beneath (the 
apices of the segments of the tarsi are ringed with black), the apical half 
of the middle femora beneath, the middle tibiz beneath, a ring on the 
middle of the posterior tibiz, the middle and posterior tarsi except the 
apices of the segments, and two spots on the apex of the basal plates at 
middle ; the clypeus broadly and roundly emarginate ; the third segment 
of the antennz twice the length of the fourth; the wings slightly 
‘infuscated ; the veins, including the costa and stigma, black. Length, 
Io mm. 

Habitat — Plattsburg,-New York. Mr. H. G. Dyar, collector 


286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


This species is related to /:zeata, from which it is separated by the 
colour of the posterior femora. 

Macrophya minuta, 0. sp. g.— Black, with the following parts 
white: the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the outer margins of 
the tegulz, the cenchri, the front and middle coxz at apex, the posterior 
cox at apex and an ovate spot at side, the trochanters, the front and 
middle femora and tibie beneath, the front and middle tarsi except 
fuscous rings on the apices of the segments, and a narrow ring on the 
base of the posterior femora; the clypeus broadly emarginate; the 
labrum angularly emarginate ; the head and thorax coarsely punctate ; 
the third segments of the antennze about one-fourth longer than the 
fourth ; the wings hyaline ; the veins black ; the stigma, except its front 
margin, blackish rufous; the lanceolate cell contracted at middle. 
Length, 6.5 mm. 

Habitat—Plattsburg, New York. Mr. H. G. Dyar, collector. 


OENECTRA FLAVIBASANA, FERN. 


On the 2oth of June, 1895, Mr. Balkwill brought to me some 
Tortricid moths which he found at rest upon honeysuckle in his garden. 
They were new to me. He asked if I wanted any more? I said I would 
take all he liked to bring of that kind ; so by the 27th I had got about 
three dozen of them. Being desirous of learning something about them, 
I applied to Prof. C. H. Fernald for information, and sent some of the 
moths. He replied: ‘They are Oenectra flavibasana, Fern. That he 
had two specimens in his collection ; the types: one from Texas and one 
from Illinois. ‘That nothing is known of their early stages or food plants, 
and would be glad to have published all that was known on these points.” 
Up to the present time I can give nothing with certainty upon these 
points. Presumably, the larvae had fed upon the honeysuckle, as 
chrysalids were found in the connate leaves with a thin silken web spun 
over them, one of which I raised tothe moth. There is plenty of evidence 
of feeding having been done upon the plant, but nothing positive as to what 
did it. A lookout is being kept upon the plants for the next brood. 

The original description was published in the Transactions of the 
American Entomological Society, Vol. X., p. 69, 1882. I see by it that 
the types are females. I may mention that the males are decidedly 
smaller in size, and lighter in colour, as a rule ; otherwise the sexes do 
not perceptibly differ. J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 


REVIEW OF A FEW MORE PROVANCHER TYPES 
OF ICHNEUMONID. 


G. C. DAVIS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICHIGAN. 


In making a study of the Provancher types of Ichneumonidze while 
at Quebec a year ago last winter, the type of many of the more recent 
descriptions was not found in the collection. Since that time types of 
many of the Abbé’s latest descriptions have been found to be with the 
ones who sent the material, and are not lost, as was at first feared. Mr. 
W. H. Harrington, of Ottawa, has quite a number of these types, and 
through his. kindness and generosity I have been privileged to study the 
types in his possession. The following notes are the result of this review : 

Ichneumon citrinus g = Hepiopelmus, Wesm.—This would be an 
Amblyteles by Cresson’s synopsis. 

Amblyteles superbus = Amblyteles suturalis, Say. 

Phaeogenes annulatipes = Ichn. annulipes, Cress. 

Phaeogenes pinguis is a Cryptus. Vhe ovipositor is almost as long 
as the abdomen. 

Stilpnus deficiens = Thersilochus.—The abdomen is piceous, with 
segment 2 and the tip paler. 

Phygadeuon marginatus = Herpistomus. 

Phygadeuon longicornis = Cryptus incertus, Cress.—The metanotum 
has two transverse carine, the tegule are reddish-black, and the abdomen 
is tipped with a pale spot at the apex above. 

Phygadeuon fusiformis = Cryptus montivagus.—The only differ- 
ence is in the posterior tarsi, which are pale, but segments 2-4 are not 
yellowish as in typical montivagus. According to Provancher (See 
p. 408 of “Add. et Corrections ”) Phygad. annulatus =fusiformis, and so 
making it a synonym also, 

Phygadeuon gracilicornis = Herpistomus. 

Phygadeuon fraterculus = Cryptus. 

Phygadeuon similaris = Cryptus soror, Cress.—It is a typical soror 
except the white scutellum. It may become a variety. 

Phygad. capitalis g.—Probably O K, but may prove to be a ¢ 
Cryptus. The petiole is narrow, gradually enlarged, almost straight, 
spiracles in or just back of the centre. Front with a large irregular 
tubercle just beneath the antenne, apparently caused by an injury. 

Cryptus pubescens, J, OK. . 
| Cryptus segregatus, §, O K.— From the description of this species 


288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and perditus one would be led to believe they were synonyms, but the 
two types are quite different. Segregatus may be known by the trans- 
lucent, very narrow, lanceolate stigma, while the stigma of perditus is 
broad, triangular and opaque. The tegule are white in segregatus, black in 
perditus.. 

Cryptus perditus has only one wing remaining, but is apparently a 
Hemiteles. 

Cryptus mellipes = Cryptus alacris, Cress. 

Cryptus sordidus = Cryptus extrematus, Cress. 

Cryptus longicaudus, O K.—The tegulee are black instead of white. 

Cryptus ignotus, O K. 

Cryptus pentagonalis, g and 2? OK. 

Hemiteles gigas = Platylabus. 

Hlemiteles declivus, O K. 

Hemiteles aciculatus, OQ K.—The description of colour markings is 
faulty. The nervures and stigma are brown ; the posterior coxe with the 
basal joint of the trochanters are black ; the extremity of the tibie and 
tarsi is dusky ; abdominal segments 3 and 4, except at the sides, with a 
part of 5, and 2 at the apex, red. 


Hemiteles debilis, O K. 

Mesostenus armatus, O K.—The areolet being open behind would 
place it in Foerster’s genus Otacustes. There are some of Mr. Cresson’s 
species that also belong here. 


Mesostenus latigaster = Tryphon. 

Mesostenus pluricinctus is not a Mesostenus. The oblique, slightly 
petiolate areolet would lead one to place the specimen with the Try- 
phonine, but the long ovipositor, curved petiole and general form place 
it nearer the Cryptine, where Provancher placed it. By the lunule, 
Foerster would place the specimen in his Phygadeuonide, and by the 
spiracles being in the middle of the petiole, it would belong to his genus 
Diacritus. Provancher’s description of the species is not very complete. 
Points that might be added, besides those given above, are: Lower — 
edge of clypeus, a small dot at the base of each antenna beneath, and a- 
line beneath the primary wings, yellowish-white ; a short, transverse 
median ridge on posterior part of metanotum ; ovipositor nearly as long 
as abdomen ; posterior cox and trochanters as long as or loriger than 
the femora ; claws large ; front tibial spurs large and curved. The longi- 
tudinal carine on the metanotum, of which Prov. speaks, are so very 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 


indistinct that they are hardly traceable. The species has evidently 
proved a stumbling-block to the Abbé in his work, as he has placed it in 
three different subfamilies, and each one under a new _ species. 
Mesoliptus rufipes, Echthrus pediculatus and the present species are one 
and the same. They are all, with very little doubt, synonyms of Cresson’s 
Mesoliptus(?) muliebris, which is the ¢. The venation, form and mark- 
ings are the same except that the ¢ ¢ are paler in colour: 

Pezomachus sulcatus = FPettitiiz, Cress.—The sulcate groove of the 
mesonotum is perhaps a little deeper and piainer than in ef¢it77, but is 
present in both, and the two species seem to be identical in all other 
respects. 

Anomatlon rufulum, 2,OK. 

_ Anomatlon rufulum, & = Anomalon chlamidatum, Prov. 


Limneria Guignardi, O K.—Up to a very recent date I have sup- 
posed that this species was synonymous with /ugitiva, Say. This seems 
to have been the general belief from the number of specimens in various 
collections under the name /ugitiva. Say’s description of fugitiva gives 
“posterior tibize white with black tip and base.” Provancher’s descrip- 
tion of Guignardi reads: ‘The posterior (tibize) black with a large white 
annulus in the middle and another smaller at the base.” I have found 
one typical fugitiva. Guignardi is the common species. 

Thersilochus erebundus $3 = Forizon angulare. 

Mesoleptus angustus, f and 9, OK. 

Mesoleptus rufomixtus, g, OK. 

Mesoleptus nigricornis, 2 = Ctenopelma. 

Eixenterus hullensis, 6, OK. 

Through the kindness of Mr. Guignard, I have been privileged to 
examine a few Provancher types in his collection. The following is a 
summary of this examination :— 

Stilpnus appendiculatus = Femiteles humeralis ¢. 

Phygadeuon Guignardi = Ichneumon mendax, Cress. 

Lemiteles mucronatus is O kK. 

Cryptus ornatus, O K. 

Cryptus erythropygus, O K. 

Cryptus 3-annu/atus, O K. 

Cryptus gracilis, 0 K.—Cryptus rectus answers the description of 
this species quite as well if not a little better. They are probably 
synonymous, though perhaps not. 


290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Cryptus albonotatus, O kK. 

Limneria Guignardi has already been spoken of in referring to the 
types in Mr. Harrington’s collection. 

Bassus dorsalis 2 = Hemiteles $.—This is the true type and not 
the specimen in the Provancher collection referred to the genus Plectiscus. 

Ephialtes variatipes is the $ of Ephialtes macer, Cress. — 


SYSTEMATIC VALUE OF THE LARVA OF SPERMOPHAGUS. 
BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN. 


The seeds of Gleditschia triacanthus frequently show a narrow scar 
upon the surface. Rarely two of these scars are found upon the same 
seed. These scars are about one-eighth of an inch long; and indicate 
the presence of Spermophagus gleditschig, a Bruchid beetle, of a mottled, 
tawny appearance, frequently bred from these seeds in the spring. The 
grub remains in the seed over winter, changes to pupa in the spring and 
soon emerges, as a perfect beetle, through a rounded hole in the side of © 
the bean-seed. 

The larva, observed by me in the middle of December, is an incurved — 
Chrysomelaform grub, provided with three pairs of legs, as well developed — 
as those of the larva of Hupsalis and Anthribus. The thoracic segments — 
are the thickest and the body tapers towards the apex. The head is 
partly sunken in the first segment. Along the sides the segments are — 
slightly protuberant, and in other particulars an analogy to the larve of 
the typical Rhynchophora is shown; but the presence of thoracic legs 
proves the insect to belong to a different family of beetles. In the young — 
larva the legs are probably long as in that of Aruchus. Mr. H. F. 
Wickham, in a paper published in 1894, describes the larva of Spermo-_ 
phagus. 

Prof. J. O. Westwood, in Vol. I. of his “ Introduction,” states that the 
larva of Bruchus has minute legs. The larva of Bruchus fabe, Riley, 
has been figured by Dr. Packard (Am. Nat., Sept., 73, p. 537, fig. 141)” 
as a footless grub with a minute head. The larva of Spermophagus shows — 
this to be an error, the head being of considerable size, and there 
being six legs. The mandibles were evidently mistaken for the head 
by Dr. Packard ; and the head mistaken for the first segment. Mr. F. A. 
Marlatt (2nd Rep. Kansas Ex. Sta., p. 210) says the larva of Bruchus 
obsoletus, Say, is footless ; but his figures, 2 and 3, on plate IX., give a 
better representation and show the legs. 


naa 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 


NOTES ON A TRIP TO THE BAHAMA ISLANDS. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 

Comparatively little is known of the insect fauna of the Bahama 
Islands, since most of the collectors who have gone to the West Indies 
have confined their attention chiefly to larger and better settled members 
of this great group, and as a consequence we have a tolerably fair 
knowledge of such of them as Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and 
Guadaloupe, with scarcely any records from the little rocky islets of which 
the Bahamas proper are composed. Late researches on the coast of 
Florida have shown a close affinity between the fauna of that region and 
of the Antilles, so that the study of the insects of the latter has now a 
direct bearing on that of those of our own domain. The short sketch 
which follows is intended merely as a preliminary account of a collecting 
trip to certain points in the British West Indies, and no more is hoped for 
than to give the reader a general idea of the coleopterous fauna of these 
at the time of year during which the collections were made. Only occa- 
sionally was it possible to land and work the country for insects, as the 
main object of the expedition, of which the writer was a member, was the 
study and collection of the marine invertebrata, and most of the time was 
necessarily devoted to them. 

Regarding the general characters of the Bahama Islands, it may be 
enough to say that they are British possessions, having been first settled 
in 1629 by that people, but frequently changing hands until 1783 ; since 
that time they have remained under English control, and are populated 
largely by descendants of that nationality, with a very considerable 
admixture of negroes, who, indeed, predominate on some of the islands, 
almost to the exclusion of the whites. Excepting the very small rocky 
islets, all are inhabited, but the soil is so light and stony that its produc- 
tive powers are limited, and hence we find the principal exports to be 
fruit, especially pineapples and cocoanuts. Aside from these, some of 
the larger islands export brazilleto, yellow-wood, lignum-vite and fustic, 
and at one time cotton was an article of considerable commercial import- 
ance, but is now little grown. The citrus fruits flourish, but are appar- 
ently not exported to any great extent. The uncultivated portions of the 
surface, which include the greater part of the whole area, are covered in 
the main by tangled thickets of various shrubs and vines difficult of 
penetration, and hard to work in. Owing to the broken nature of the 
islands, farming can only be carried on in ee patches and in the most 
; primitive manner. 


292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The geographical features are rather remarkable: the group forms an 
irregular triangle, the sides of which are about 720, 600 and 200 miles 
long. They lie within the influence of the trade winds, and inside the 
zone of hurricanes, which often do much damage, as the islands are 
mostly small and low, usually under roo feet above tide level, the loftiest 
not over 400, while often they lie almost even with the water. In com- 
position they are chiefly white sandstone or coral rock more or less 
disintegrated, often with sand beaches of dazzling whiteness. Situated on 
the edges of coral banks, often of a most dangerous character, and with so 
little of commercial attractiveness, we find most of the trade between the 
Bahamas and United States to consist of “ fruiting,” which is carried on in 
small schooners of from 150 to 200 tons burthen, plying chiefly between 
the island ports and Baltimore. 


With this rather extended preliminary account, attention may now be 
directed towards the insect fauna. The first researches we made in this 
direction were on Egg Island, May 12th. This is a small wooded islet 
about a mile in length and 67 feet high ; on the topmost point is situated 
a lighthouse, while the beach along the harbour is adorned with an exten- 
sive cocoanut grove. Arriving about six o’clock in the evening, a short 
trip was made ashore, one of the objects in view being the capture of fire- 
flies, which could be seen flitting around in the thickets. Only one could 
be captured, however, and this proved to be a Pyrophorus, a genus of 
Elaterid beetle in which the light is emitted from two whitish spots, one 
on each side near the hind angles of the prothorax. This light is under 
the control of the insect to some extent, since two or three of the beetles 
that were knocked down became at once invisible, when they could cer- 
tainly have been seen had the light continued. -It was found later that in 
such cases the Pyrophorus could often be taken by carefully feeling in 
the dark for it—placing the palm of the hand flat on the ground over the 
spot where it was thought the specimen had fallen, and its presence 
would then be betrayed by its “ snapping ” in the manner of most elaters 
when pressure is applied. 


Next morning another opportunity was afforded for going ashore, and 
by beating bushes over an umbrella a good number of additions were, 
made to the collections of Coleoptera, though search along the beach and 
lagoons yielded no Cicindelide nor Carabidz whatever. It is probable that 
they are rare on the island, as they seem, in fact, to be in most spots in the 


peal b 


THE CANADIAN EN’TOMOLOGIST. 293 


Bahamas. A number of the Staphylinid, Cafiws distriatus, Er., were taken 


under sea-weed, in just such situations as they frequent along our southern 
Atlantic coast. On the bushes were found an O/zbrus, a number of the 
widely-distributed Coccinella sanguinea, a little Scymnus, a curious 
Lathridiud which probably belongs to the genus J/onedus, and a number 
of specimens of a very small Corticaria. A species of Monocrepidius 
was found occasionally, which looks like our MZ. Zividus. A Hemiptychus 
obtained here agrees with Dr. Leconte’s description of AZ. sémdis, which 
occurs in Florida, while another species of the same genus, together with 
Catorama and a fetalium, occurred occasionally. The Cerambycidee 
were represented by Aéurza stigma, Oliv. (duvaliz, Chevr.), an ELlaphidion 
of small size and two species belonging to genera not yet identified. The 
Chrysomelide furnished species of CryAtocephalus and Pachybrachys, the 
former being represented most commonly by what seems to be C. mar- 
ginicollis or a closely-allied form. Weevils were tolerably plentiful, 
especially an Artipus, which was everywhere in evidence ; more rare were 
species of Pachneus and Conotrachelus. Lembodes solitarius, Boh., a 
very curious weevil, found also in Florida, was beaten from herbage on 
the hill; it looks very little like a weevil, the posterior end being 
truncate and emarginate, while the pronotum is long, flattened, and 
extends quite over the head when the beetle is at rest. The prosternum 
is deeply excavated for the reception of the rather heavy beak, but the 
large legs seem not to be closely approximated to the body when the 
insect feigns death, but rather simply folded. The upper surface of the 
body is roughly sculptured and heavily scaled—a fringe of the latter 
around the anterior prothoracic margin giving that part a very strange 
appearance. ‘The aspect of the beetle when shaken into a net is, on 
account of its grayish and brownish hues, irregular shape and sculpture, 
that of a small piece of dead twig, or a withered bud. 


During the next week the vessel was cruising on the banks, and no 
land was touched. All this time, of course, nothing could be done in the 
line of Entomological work beyond keeping a lookout for such insects as 
might fly or be blown on the vessel. On the morning of May 18th, while 
lying some fifteen miles off Riding Rock, and after a heavy squall from 
that direction the night before, three moths were taken on the deck of 
the schooner, and also a specimen of Cicindela tortuosa. This was the 
first tiger-beetle our party saw in the Bahamas, eee they were found 
in small numbers later on. 


294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Water Cay, which is on the Salt Cay Bank, far to the westward of 
the main group of the Bahamas, was the next point at which we landed, 
and here a hard row of five miles was necessary to reach the shore. 
Only three hours were afforded for an’ examination of the place, and thus 
few insects were found. The main inhabitants were sea birds, which 
were excessively numerous, and bred in the crannies in the rocks, and 
hermit crabs ( Cenobita diogenes ), which occupy the places we are used to 
think of as belonging to the ground beetles. The rocky surface of the 
Cay, with its patches of coral sand and occasional hollow filled with black 
soil, was destitute of the wooded covering such as we saw on Egg Island, 
and diversified only by a few straggling bushes and herbs. <A Folycesta 
was taken, however, which seems to be vedasco, while an Euphoria has 
been referred with some doubt to &. sepudchradis, from my specimens of 
which it differs in the darker colour, with less metallic lustre, and more 
evident white markings, as well as in the somewhat coarser sculpture. 
The other genera that were recognized are: Scymnus, Saprinus, 
Catorama, Cryptocephalus, Phaleria, Artipus and Dryotribus ; the last 
probably D. mimeticus, Horn, which has been taken in the Florida Keys. 


For several weeks after leaving Water Cay nothing further was done 
in the Bahamas, the intervening time being spent in the vicinity of Cuba 
and Florida. Returning, we finally reached Harbor Island, near the north- 
ern end of Eleuthera, after a long run from Key West, and were promptly 
run fast on a sand-bar by apilot. Landing on the morning of August goth, 
the surface of the island was found to resemble that of Egg Island, which 
is in the immediate vicinity ; the webs of two or three large showy spiders 
were common in the brush, while the song of invisible Cicadas (‘“singers, ” 


the Bahamans call them) filled the air on every side. Butterflies were — 


more numerous than usual, but not being the especial object of search 
they were neglected for the sake of the favorite Coleoptera, since there 
was no time to carefully collect both. Turning, therefore, to the beetles, 
a little Plochionus was beaten from bushes as the sole representative of 
the Carabide. There were plenty of Cajfius bistriatus on the beach 
under sea-weed, while of the Coccinellide there were beaten from bushes 
specimens of C. sanguinea, Psyllobora nana, and a little Scymnus. 
Several of the MZonocrepidius mentioned as occurring on Egg Island 
were found here, also the Longhorn Sfadacopsis filum, Klug. Of 
Chrysomelide there were not many—a Halticid and an Eumolpid being 
the most showy ones—and of Tenebrionide the most notable form was a 


" 
we eee 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295 


Phaleria allied to or identical with our Phaderia longuda, but they were 
of a dark variety, black or brown above, with occasionally one showing a 
clay-coloured elytral border. Amnchonus was found commonly under a 
drift log, this being the genus described from Southern Florida under the 
name Gononotus, Leconte. Artipus was extremely common in the brush, 
and may be found injurious in the Bahamas, as it has of late in Florida— 
its omnivorous habits rendering it a foe to many different plants. 


It is only a few hours’ run from Harbour Island to Spanish Wells, at 
the northern end of Eleuthera, so when some of the party came on deck 
next morning they were not surprised to find the vessel skimming along 
the rocky coast of that island, which, from its size and wooded surface, 
seemed to offer the most favourable conditions for collecting insects of any 
of the Bahamas that we had seen. About sixty miles in length, though 
very narrow, this island supports a larger population than most of its 
neighbours, and is said to be particularly adapted to the cultivation of 
the pineapple, while oranges, bananas and sapodillas are raised in some 
quantity. There are also large cocoanut groves on the beaches, the nuts 
being exported in greater or less numbers. 


Here were found the first specimens of tiger-beetles that we had seen 
on the islands, two species, Cicindela marginata and C. tortuosa, being | 
taken, the former the more commonly. It was rather too warm in the 
sunshine to make chasing them a particularly agreeable task, so a few 
examples were made to fill our wants. Of Carabidz we took, or pur- 
chased, specimens of a Scarites, which, though probably subterraneus, is 
smaller than any of these that we have seen elsewhere, Plochionus pallens 
and Afpenes opaca. The same Staphylinide and Coccineilide were cap- 
tured as already given for Harbour Island, while in some of the succeeding 
families Eleuthera seemed much richer. A large Pyrophorus was com- 
mon in the cocoanut groves, the lights gleaming for a moment and then 
disappearing in a way very provoking to one not familiar with the ground, 
and likely at any moment to run intva tree or fall over a log in the chase 
in the dark. The native children, however, were glad to catch them for 
us at the rate of a half-penny each, and in this way a good series was 
obtained with little trouble. The Buprestide were represented by 
Acmeodera cubecola, Duval, and Gyascutus carolinensis, Horn ; the 
Ptinide by species of Hemiptychus, Catorama and Sinoxylon, while 
Longicorns were numerous in specimens, though not many species were 


296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


seen. Of these, Zlateropsis rugosus, Gahan, seems worthy of special 
note, as it has been very rare in collections, and only since our taking it — 
on Eleuthera has the exact habitat been known. In both sexes the upper 
surface is extremely roughly sculptured, forming rugosities on the disk of 
the thorax and elytra, and to a lesser degree on the head. ‘The antennz 
are brown or black, the legs reddish, but the sexes differ widely in the 
colour of the upper surface, which, in the males, is uniform brown or 
blackish, while in the females there is a broad stripe of white pubescence 
on the head, and three (one median, two lateral) on the prothorax, while 
the elytra have each a broad dorsal and narrow lateral stripe. In per- 
fectly fresh examples the thorax has also an incomplete transverse basal 
band. A series of over forty specimens shows that the males vary in 
length from 16 to 32 mm., while the females run from 21 to35 mm. A 
fine Elaphidion occurred on the island, also specimens of Zduria stigma, 
Plectromerus dentipes, and a Cyllene. An example of Spalacopsis I refer 
to S. fi/um, Klug, of which specimens are known from Porto Rico, Cuba, 
Haiti, and Florida. It is a curious insect, with a general resemblance to 
Dorcasta cinerea, and having the antenne clothed with hairs in much the 
same manner, but the body is much more elongate, and when the beetle 
is beaten into a net it assumes a position of perfect rigidity, in which con- 
dition it can scarcely be distinguished from a bit of stick. Several 
Chrysomelidz were obtained, all small and belonging chiefly to the 
Eumolpini and Halticim. Further, there are species of Lruchus, 
Hymenorus, Oxacis and Anthicus, but as usual the chief development 
seems to be in the Rhynchophora, where the following genera have been 
thus far recognized: Artipus, Pachneus, Anthonomus, Conotrachelus, 
Chalcodermus, Macrancylus and Dryotribus. ‘There are also several 
which are yet unknown, and may remain so for some time, since the 
Coleopterous fauna of these little islands has received no particular 
attention, and has formed the subject of no special memoirs. It is 
hoped, however, that the labours of the British West Indian Committee 
will result in the publication of a long series of papers similar to those 
lately published through their instrumentality, and in the clearing up of 
the questions surrounding the affinities and origin of the fauna of this 
group, which has evidently a close relationship with some portions of 
our own, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297 


LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT SUDBURY, ONT. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON. 


This list embraces all the species of diurnals captured, viz., 51, and 
those of the nocturnals, 125, but of the latter possibly as many more are as 
yet undetermined. To Mr. Jas. Fletcher for the butterflies, and Mr. J, B. 
Smith and Rev. Geo. D. Hulst for the nocturnals, I am indebted for their 
kindness in making determinations ; to the first named I am also deeply 
grateful for many kindnesses extended at various times and for counsel 
and advice. 

Among the diurnals special mention may be made of Zredia dis- 
coidalis, Kirby. Upon one occasion only (12th May, 188g) has this 
species been captured in this district, when the writer took five 
specimens, 4 ¢’s and 1 9, all in good conditions and Dr. Peters, at the 
same time and place, took two or three specimens, but the sexes were 
not ascertained. 

During the season of 1886, Codzas interior was quite common and 
C. philodice very rare, but in subsequent seasons the latter became the 
more numerous and the former very scarce :— 

Danais Archippus, / 
Argynnis Cybele, / 

+1 Aphrodite, / 

1 Cipris, Zdw. 

" Atlantis, Aazw. 

«  Myrina, Cram. 

" Bellona, /. 
-Melitzea Harrisii, Scad. 


Pyrameis Cardui, Z. 
Limenitis Arthemis, Dyz. 
Debis Portlandia, 7. 
Neonympha Canthus, 4d.-Zec. 
" Eurytris, 7. 
Erebia Discoidalis, K7zrédy, 
Satyrus Alope, /, form Nephele, 


Phyciodes Nycteis, Doub.-Hew. 
" Tharos, Drz. 


Grapta Comma, /Zar., form Dryas, 


Ldw. 
Grapta Faunus, Zdw. 
»  Gracilis, Gr.-Rod. 
1  Progne, Cram. 
1 J. Album, 4d.-Lec. 
Vanessa Antiopa, Z. 
" Milberti, God. 
Pyrameis Atalanta, Z. 
" Huntera, /. 


Kirby. 
Thecla Humulhi, Harr. 
1  Calanus, dz. 
Feniseca Tarquinius, /. 
Chryscphanus Hypophleas, Bd. 
Lycena Pseudargiolus, 4d.-Lec., 
form 1 Lucia, Kirby. 
Lycena Pseudargiolus, form 2 Mar- 
ginata, Adw. 
Lyceena Pseudargiolus, 
Violacea, Edw. 
Lycena Comyntas, Gd. 


form ss 


298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Pieris Napi, Zsfer., form Oleracea- Hypoprepia fucosa, Hon. 


hiemalis, Har. Callimorpha Lecontei, Baz. 
Colias Eurytheme, £¢., form  Platarctia hyperborea, Cvrt. 

Eriphyle, Edw. Arctia parthenice, Kzrby. 
‘Colias Philodice, Gd. n virguncula, Azrby. 

1 Interior, Scud. 1  determinata, /Vewm. 
Papilio Turnus, Z. Pyrrharctia isabella, S. & A. 
‘Carterocephalus Mandan, Zdw. Phragmatobia rubricosa, Harr. 
Pamphila Zabulon, #d.-Lec., var. Spilosoma virginica, /adr. 

Hobomok, Harr. Hyphantria cunea, Dru. 
Pamphila Zabulon, 4d.-Lec., form Halisidota carye, Harr. 

? Pocahontas, Scud. Ichthyura inclusa, Wéz. 
Pamphila Manitoba, Scud. 4 albosigma, Fitch. 

i Peckius, Avzrby. Gluphisia trilineata, Pack. 

mt Mystic, Scud. Lophopteryx elegans, Str. 

" Cernes, Bd.-Lec. Pheosia rimosa, Pack. 

" Metacomet, Harr. Oedemasia badia, Pack. 
Amblyscirtes Vialis, 2dz. Cerura occidentalis, Zzvt. 
Nisoniades Brizo, Bd.-Lec. Actias luna, Zinn. 

" Icelus, Lent. Telea polyphemus, Cram. 

" Juvenalis, / Dryocampa alba, Gr. 
Eudamus Pylades, Scud. : Clisiocampa Americana, Harr. 
Hemaris diffinis, dv. Hepialus argenteomaculatus, Harr. 

" pelasgus, Cram. Thyatira scripta, Gosse. 
Deilephila Chameneri, Harr. Raphia frater, Gr¢. 
Ampelophaga myron, Cram. Arsilonche henrici, G7. 
Sphinx Kalmie, S. & A. _ Acronycta innotata, Gz. 

1» drupiferarum, S. & A. " dactylina, Gr¢. 

1 Chersis, 2. " distans, Grt. 
Ceratomia undulosa, Wade. " sperata, Grt. 
Triptogon modesta, Harr. " oblinita, S. & A. 
Smerinthus geminatus, Say. Rhynchagrotis placida, rf. 

" cerisyl, Azrby. Kueretagrotis perattenta, G7. 
Paonias excecatus, S. & A, Pachnobia salicarum, Wadk. 
Cressonia juglandis, S. & A, Agrotis ypsilon, oft. 
Sesia—sp. ? Peridroma astricta, JZorr. 
Ctenucha Virginica, Charp. Noctua plecta, Zz. 


Alypia Mac-Cullochii, Kzrdy. 1  C. nigrum, Z. 


THE CANADIAN 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Noctua clandestina, Harr. 
Feltia jaculifera, Gz. 
Porosagrotis mimallonis, Gr¢. 
‘Carneades messoria, Harr. 


" ochrogaster, Gu. var. 


" obeliscoides, Guz. 
= divergens, Wadk. 
Mamestra purpurissata, G77. 

" grandis, Bav.- 

" rosea, /Zarr. 

" cristifera, Wadk. 

" adjuncta, Adv. 

" legitima, Grt. 

u lorea, Guwez. 
Hadena impulsa, Gz. 

" sputatrix, Grv. 

" devastatrix, Brace. 

" arctica, Bdv. 
Hillia vigilans, Gr¢. 
Hyppa xylinoides, Gx. 
Brotolomia iris, Gz. 
Nephelodes minians, Gz. 
Hydreecia nictitans, BRA. 

" nitela, Gu. 
Leucania albilinea, Adz. 

" adonea, Grt. 

" commoides, Gv. 
Caradrina miranda, Grote. 
‘Orthodes cynica, Gv. 
Taeniocampa oviduca, Gr¢. 
‘Cosmia paleacea, /s/. 
Scoliopteryx libatrix, Z. 
Calocampa nupera, Zzzf. 
Piusia bimaculata, S7eph. 

" octoscripta, Sand. 

n  ampla, Wade. 
Erastria carneola, Gv. 
Drasteria erechtea, Cram. 
Syneda Alleni, Gr. 
Catocala briseis, Edw. 

" concumbens, Wadk. 
" relicta, Walk. 


Catocala antinympha, /7é7. 


Prochcerodes clemataria, S. G& A. 
" transversata, Dru. 


Metanema inatomaria, Gn. 
Ennomos magnaria, Huédn. 
Azelina hubnerata, Gz. 
Endropia effectaria, Wadk. 

" bilinearia, Pack. 

" madusaria, Wad/k. 
Sicya macularia, Har. 
Angerona crocataria, Hadr. 
Semiothisa enotata, Gv. 

" granitata, Gu. 
Phasiane atrofasciata, Pack. 

" trifasciata, Pack. 
Thamnonoma wauaria, Z. 

" evagaria, /Yudst. 
Lozogramma defluata, Wak. 
Orthofidonia exornata, Wadk. 
Caripeta latiorata, Walk. 
Dasyfidonia faxiniaria, AZznof. 
Hematopis grataria, Hadr. 
Caterva catenaria, Cram. 


Cleora semiclusaria, Wadk. 
Boarmia pampinaria, Guz. 


" umbrosaria, Gz. near var. 


" larvaria, G72. 

" crepuscuwaria, Z7. 
Tephrosia canadaria, Gv. 
Baptria albovittata, Gz. 
Lobophora montanata, / ack. 
Petrophora testata, Z. 

" nubilata, Pack. 
Rheumaptera ruficillata, Gu. 

" lacustrata. Gv. 
Hydriomene trifasciata, Bork. 
Epirrita inclinata, Wadk. 
Plemyria fluviata, dn. 
Phlycteenia tertialis, Gz. 
Loxostege chortalis, G77. 
Scoparia centuriella, S. V. 


300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


OBITUARY. 


CHARLES W. STROMBERG died at his home in Galesburg, IIl., on 
Tuesday, March 26th, 1895, of consumption. He was in failing health 
for a number of years, and made a trip to Phoenix, Arizona, early in 1894, 
returning in November of that year, but did not find the relief he antici- 
pated. His most grievous illness only preceded his death about a month. 
Mr. Stromberg was born in Sweden, July 24, 1856, and came to» the 
United States with his parents. in 1866. He was a resident of Galesburg 
up to the time of his death. He early became devoted to scientific 
studies, and for the past fifteen years has been a close student and 
collector in Entomology, making a specialty of Coleoptera, of which he 
had a most complete collection. He was exact and thorough in all his 
scientific work, as was recognized by his Entomological correspondents 
in both the United States and Canada, and in the neatness and care with 
which his exchanges were prepared. He was known, either personally 
or by correspondence, to all the prominent coleopterists in North America, 
and his field notes on his favourite families were always read with pleasure 
and interest. 

Mr. Stromberg was quiet, reserved, and gentlemanly in his tastes and 
disposition, and was held in high esteem by all who knew him. His 
death, at a comparatively early age, is a serious loss to Entomology, as 
his genius for correct classification, his thorough observation and his 
deftness in handling would in the near future have placed him among the 
foremost workers in this branch of science. \ He was a welcome contribu- 
tor to the leading Entomological journals, and an extensive collector for 


the Colleges of his State. 
W. Kwaus, MacPherson, Kansas. 


Mr. C. H. TYLER TownseEND, temporary Field Agent of the Division 
of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, desires to inform his. 
correspondents that he has again removed to Las Crucés, New Mexico. 


/ 


Mailed October 5th, 1895. 


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AGROTIS SUBGOTHICA, TRICOSA AND HERILIS. 


The i Bena 


“VOL. XXVIL LONDON, NOVEMBER, Wee No. 1 EY. 


FELTIA SUBGOTHICA, Hawortn, or AGROTIS (Suscen. 
AGRONOMA) JACULIFERA, GuENEE, WHICH ? 


BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


The latest statement of this case by the two recognized authorities, 
Mr. Grote and Prof. J. B. Smith, is as follows : 


From ‘‘ Bull. 44, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 81 (1893),” by J. B. Smith, 
feltia subgothica, Haw. 
jaculifera, var. Gn. 
jaculifera, Gn. 
tricosa, Lint. 
Prom hist omN. Am Europteride,. “1% >>* > “and Agrotids 
p. 24 (1895),” by A. R. Grote. 
Subgen. Agronoma. 
Agrotis jaculifera, Gn. 
subgothica, Auct. nec Haw. 
tricosa, Lint. 
jaculifera, Sm. in err. 
jaculifera, var. A, Gn. 


From 1873, when jacudifera, Gn. was first placed in the synonymy of 
subgothica, Haw. by Mr. Grote, until 1890, all American entomologists 
accepted the reference and did not use Guenée’s name. In 1874, Dr. 
Lintner described Guenée’s jacudifera, var. A,as a distinct species—tricosa, 
and correctly restricted Mr. Grote’s heri/is (described in 1873) to jacudi- 
Sera, var. B, Gn. Prof. Smith’s revision of the synonymy (Bull. 38, U.S. 
Nat. Mus., p. 111) was made in 1890, principally on the authority of Mr. 
Butler, who said the year before that ‘‘¢rzcosa, Lint., is typical jaculifera ; 
herilis is a poor variety.” Mr. Grote bases his recent revision on the 
authority of Mr. Tutt, who stated (Can. Ent., XXIII., 159 and 202): “I 
think there can be no doubt that Haworth’s ee peepuon applies to a well- 
known variety of Agrotis tritici,” 


302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


An historical investigation which I made, a few years ago, of the names 
of the species of Drasteria, suggested that perhaps a similar critical study 
of the early literature of the insect under discussion might throw some 
light on the subject and enable one to arrive at an approximately correct 
synonomy. What little experience I have had in this line of work leads 
me to believe that there must be much similar critical study before the 
nomenclature of the moths reaches anywhere near the stability that Mr. 
Scudder’s historical investigations have given to the nomenclature of the 
butterflies. 


In 1810, Haworth described (Lep. Britt., p. 224) sudgothica from a 
supposed English specimen ; the sale catalogue of Haworth’s collection 
published in 1834 indicates that he had but one specimen. As Haworth’s 
work is very rare (I have not been able to get track of a single copy in 
this country), and as neither Mr. Grote (Can. Ent., XXIII., 202) nor Prof. 
Smith (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 44, p. 81) have ever seen the original 
description of szbgothica. the following copy of it (obtained through the 
kindness of Mr. Champion, Librarian of Ent. Soc. of London) will be of 
interest and value : 


“185. sudgothica. (The Gothic Dart) alis griseo-fuscis, costa late at 
dimidiatim, stigmatibusque pallidis. 
Habitat in Anglia valde infrequens. In Muszeis 
tribus solum vide. : 
Expansio alarum. (Mr. Champion gives no figures.) 
Descriptio. Precedentibus (sagittifera)  affinis 
absque punctis posticis sagittatis. Stigma anticum, 
subtriangulare, posticum reniforme: ante et inter 
heec arcus niger qui reversus apparit in alis expansis. 
Stigma teliforme pregrande a basi fere ad medium, 
sed lineolis duabis divaricatum transversis interrup- 
tum. Postice pallidz fimbria fusca.” 


No figure of the insect is given, and it is not definitely known if the 
single type specimen exists, thus much depends upon this description. 
Is there anything in it that does not apply to our American insect ? Does 
it fit any known variety of the European ¢rticc better ? 


Except in Stephens’s Catalogue, swbgothica seems not to again appear 
in the literature until 1829, when Stephens describes and figures (Ill. Brit. 
Ent., Haust., LI, p. 126, pl. 22, fig. 3) an insect as subgothica, which he 


— 


PR Pccret ok = 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 308 


says he obtained from a Mr. Raddon, who had evidently labelled it “ near 
Barnstaple, Devon.” A photographic copy of Stephens’s figure is repro- 
duced at va on the plate. This figure is accepted by Mr. Grote (Can. Enr., 
XXIII., 202) as that of saculifera, Gn., but Prof. Smith doubts it (Bull. 
44, U.S. Nat. Mus., p. 81). However, I think that a glance at the next 
figure of the insect that appeared, taken doubtless from Stephens’s speci- 
men, will remove ail doubt as to what insect Stephens tried to represent. 
This figure, which is reproduced at 7 on the plate [it is enlarged to 
natural size], is from Wood’s Index Entomologicus, pl. 9, fig. 149 (1839). 
All must admit that it is one of the best figures of our American insect 
ever published. Although Wood does not state definitely that his figure 
was made from Stephens’s specimen, we know he did thus make use of 
Stephens’s collection for many of his figures, as he states in his preface. 
But one more figure of the insect seems to have appeared in English 
works. This one, by Humphrey (in Humphrey and Westwood’s British 
Moths and their Trans., I., pl. xxiv., fig. 1, 1843), was recently referred to 
by Mr. Barrett (Ent. Month. Mag., XXV., 224) as being certainly a variety | 
of A. tritici. The fact is, as Humphrey states, that his figure was copied 
from Stephens’s figure ; this was evidently not known to Mr. Barrett, as 
the context of his article indicates. Humphrey’s figure is reproduced at 
Zc on the plate. 

Up to 1847, the English entomologists considered swégothica a Brit- 
ish insect and a distinct species. ‘Then, Mr. Doubleday stated (The 
Zoologist, V., 1725) that ‘‘Haworth’s insect is evidently simply a variety of 
either Agrotis tritici or aguilina. The species described and figured by 

Stephens is American.” For many years after this the name swdgothica 

‘rarely appeared in British lists and only as a variety of ¢ritici ; it appar- 
ently does not occur at all in recent lists. It has never been taken in 
England, so far as I can find any record, since Stephens’s time. 

The name sawégothica, Haw., was introduced into American literature 
by Dr. Fitch in 1856 (Second Rept. on Insects of N. Y., p. 546). It has 
been in universal use here since, and no American writer has seriously 
questioned the identity of our species with the swdgothica of Stephens and 
later English writers, or even with the suégothica of Haworth, until 1891, 
when Mr. Grote changed his mind in accordance with the opinion of Mr. 
Tutt. I think that all now agree that the species under discussion is dis- 
tinctly American. It undoubtedly has never occurred in England, not- 
withstanding the records of its English habitat by the earlier English 


304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


writers. Dr. Fitch suggested that the eggs or larvae may have been 
accidentally carried to England, but Doubleday’s explanation is doubtless 
the more correct one. He says (The Zoologist, V., 1729) : “I have traced 
all the specimens which I have seen of this species (the one described by 
Stephens) in collections of British Lepidoptera to one source, and I 
believe the gentleman who distributed them | Mr. Raddon is the gentle- 
man referred to] inadvertently mixed a number of North American 
insects with his British ones. I received from him as Sritish a Bombyx 
which my brother took in Florida; and Mr. Benjamin Standish possesses 
two Bombyces, one of them a Cerura, the other perhaps a Notodonta, 
from the same entomologist, which were sent to him as British, whereas 
both are well-known North American insects.” There can be no doubt 
that several American insects found their way into the larger English col- 
lections formed in the beginning of the present century ; and some of 
these, as Doubleday points out, were described by Haworth and Stephens 
as English insects. ‘The evidence on this point is very conclusive as 
regards Drasteria crassiuscula, Haw. 


Wood’s figure (74 on the plate) and Doubleday’s testimony are suf- 
ficient evidence, I think, that the swbgothica of Stephens and later writers 
is our common American insect. But, is Haworth’s swvbgothica the same 
as Stephens’s? Probably Haworth’s single type specimen could not now 
be found, if it exists at all. Without the specimen, we must depend on 
the original description and a little circumstantial evidence to settle this 
point. Haworth’s specimen may easily be the one which Mr. Barrett 
recently found in an old English collection made up of specimens 
obtained from older collections by a Mr. Burney, who was contemporary 
with—and corresponded with—Haworth and others, and many of whose 
insects ultimately fell into his hands(Ent. Month. Mag., XXV., 223). Mr. 
Barrett says there was-one specimen that proved to be really a type of A. 
subgothica, and the specimen was not a variety of ¢v7ticz. Mr. Dale says (p. 
246 of the same magazine) that this specimen ‘* probably came from Mr. 
Raddon, the gentleman referred to by Mr. Doubleday” as having intro- 
duced several American insects into English collections; Stephens’s figure 
was made from one of these specimens. Haworth’s description seems to 
apply very well to our American insect, and it also affords a valuable bit 
of circumstantial evidence in the remark that he had seen the species in 
only three museums. It is hardly probable that one of these three col- 


a 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 


lections was not that of Stephens, then one of the few great English col- 
lections. ‘Thus, I believe that the weight of evidence indicates that the 
subgothica of Haworth and Stephens were the same species. 

But, curiously enough, while all American entomologists have 
claimed the name swbgothica, Haw., for our insect, the English authors 
since Doubleday have claimed Haworth’s insect as a variety of their 
tritict. Doubleday said it was ‘simply a variety of either ¢rz¢ticz or 
aguilina,” but it was soon restricted to the former in British lists, and it 
is still considered as such by Mr. Tutt. The evidence in support of this 
seems to be confined principally to the simple statement of Doubleday, 
although Tutt intimates that he has seen Haworth’s description ; but 
Tutt does not (Can. Ent., XXIII., 159) know our American insect. I 
think the evidence produced to show that Haworth’s suégothica is our 
American insect outweighs any opinion which English writers, who do 
not know our insect, may form from the original description alone. 


The name jazudifera, which occupies so conspicuous a part in the 
synonymy of this insect, was proposed by Guenée, in 1852, for an Amer- 
ican insect. His description of the species includes a good characteriza- 
tion of the type, followed by brief descriptions of two varieties, A and B. 
I think both Mr. Grote and Prof. Smith agree that Guenée’s figure 
(reproduced at zd on the plate) and his description of the type of the 
species correspond to what American writers have been calling sudgothica, 
Haw., for the past quarter of a century. /acu/ifera, Gn., was first 
placed in the synonymy of subgothica, Haw., in 1873, by Mr. Grote, and 
on the same page he described both of Guenée’s varieties, A and B, as a 
new species—/eri/is. In 1874, Dr. Lintner made a careful study of the 
forms included under Guenée’s specific title jacu/ifera, with the result 
that Mr. Grote’s eri/is was restricted to sacudifera, var. B, Gn., and var. 
A was described as a new species—/¢ricosa. 

No one has since questioned the specific rank of Guenée’s varieties. 
Therefore, according to Canon XXVIII. of the A. O. U. Code of Nomen- 
clature, the name jacz/ifera must be restricted to the first or main part 
of Guenée’s description ; this is the only portion of the description that 
can apply to his figure or to the insect under discussion. It is true, as 
Prof. Smith says (Bull. 38, U. S. Nat. Mus., p.113): ‘¢ Under all circum- 
stances Guenée’s name must stand for one of the forms, since he had all 
three before him,” but in 1873 and 1874 the name was restricted to, or 
“was retained for that portion of the group to which it was first applied ” 


306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


(to use the language of the Canon referred to) by Mr. Grote and Dr. 
Lintner. Therefore, I cannot understand how Guenée’s name can be 
consistently applied to Dr. Lintner’s ¢vzcosa, and it is not in accordance 
with the rule of nomenclature just cited. The fact that the form which 
agrees with the main part of Guenée’s description and with his figure may 
or may not be a synonym of sudgothica, Haw., does not affect the case in 
any way. I believe Mr. Grote is right in his protest (Can. Ent , XXIIL., 
151) against the resuscitation of jaculifera at the expense of ¢rzcosa. 


As has been stated, Prof. Smith’s synonymy is founded principally on 
the statement of Mr. Butler that ‘“‘¢rzcosa, Lint., is typical zaculifera ; 
herilis is a poor variety.” The antennal differences between /erzdis and 
tricosa, pointed out by Prof. Smith, show that Mr. Butler did not study 
the species very carefully. ‘The other point has been discussed by Mr. 
Grote as follows: ‘‘ Guenée happens to figure typical sacudifera and he 
figures typical subgothica ! Prof. Smith does not quote Guenée’s illustra- 
tion, which contradicts both Butler’s statement and his own course. 
Guenée’s types of ‘saculifera, or so-called ‘types,’ were several in 
number at least, as he included two other species as varieties. One of 
these so-called types Mr. Butler may have, and this may be a ¢rzcosa, 
Guenée’s var. A. Guenée made three mistakes as to his material: First 
he described and figured subgothica as juculifera,; then he described 
specimens belonging to two different species, ¢frzcosa and ferilis, as 
varieties of jacudifera. Under no circumstances can Butler’s statement 
be correct (Can. Ent. XXIII, 151).” The enlarged figures (twice 
natural size) of a front and hind wing of each of the three species just 
discussed show some of their differences and will aid in their determin- 
ation. I believe the above evidence warrants the following synonymy for 
these much-discussed forms : 

subgothica, Haw. 

jaculifera, Gn. (type and figure). 
tricosa, Lint. 
jaculifera, var. A, Gn. 
herilis, Grote. 
jaculifera, var. B, Gn., 
or the same as that given by Dr. Lintner in detail in 1874 (Ent. Cont., 
III., 161), and accepted by Mr. Grote until recently. 

Shall it be Agrotis, Feltia, or Agronoma subgothica, Haw.? 

Apparently Mr. Grote and some other systematists are not yet ready to 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 307 


accept all of the new genera which Prof. Smith has recently proposed in 
his revision of the old genus 4gvof7s. While I am a thorough believer in 
the value of sexual characters in the classification of the Noctuids, I should 
hesitate to establish genera upon them without first examining other than 
our own fauna, Ina recent study of the genus Dyrasteria I found that 
all of the known species in our fauna had decidedly asymmetrical male 
genitalia, while the species in the allied genera Huclidia and Caenurgia 
had not; nor had this peculiarity been noticed in any other Noctuids. 
Although none but American forms have been placed in Drasteria, I am 
sure that at least one of the common European Euclidias belongs to it, 
but I am not yet sure that this European species does not have symmet- 
rical male genitalia. 

While it is true that Walker insufficiently characterized his genus 
Feltia, yet the description of a species—ducens—made it a valid generic 
title ; and as ducens is a synonym of subgothica, Prof. Smith had a right 
to recognize /e/tia. But Mr. Grote now claims (in his List for 1895) 
that Fe/¢za must fall as a synonym of Hibner’s genus Agronoma. Hiibner 
placed four European species in the genus, and Mr. Grote thinks the 
type species is vadligera (vestigialis). Now, if it can be shown that 
subgothica is congeneric with the European vad/igera, and both Stephens 
and Guenée mention a resemblance, then Mr. Grote is right in placing 
Feltia inthe synonymy. Mr. Grote gives Agronoma only subgeneric 
rank. I prefer to leave the discussion of this point to Messrs. Grote and 
Smith; it will require a more critical study and comparison of the 
American and European species than has yet been made before the 
question can be settled. 

In the light of our present knowledge, I prefer to continue to use 
the name Agrotis subgothica, Haw., which has become so familiar to 
American entomologists from its frequent use in both our systematic and 
economic publications. 

Agrotis murenula. 

In his last revision of the Agrotids (Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 85) 
Prof. Smith placed murenula, G. & R., in the synonymy of vetusta, 
Walk. This called forth the following protest from Mr. Grote under the 
above heading (Can. Ent., XXVI., 81): ‘Two species, properly 
referred by me at the time to Agrofzs, were described by Walker under 
the same specific name vefusta. One of these turns out to be, as I had 
suggested in my essay, murenula, G. & R,, and this latter name, I claim, 


308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST. 


under the custom and as accepted in Staudinger’s catalogue, should be 
retained for the species it designates, since at the time it was free to be 
named and no subsequent generic separation can overturn its real and 
conceded right at the time it was proposed. Vetusta, Walk., as applied 
to murenula, must be relegated to the synonymy.” 

The facts are that Walker described A/ythimna vetusta in 1856 and 
Agrotis vetusta in 1865; and Grote and Robinson described Agrotis 
murenula in 1868. In 1882, Mr. Grote stated that perhaps AZythimna 
vetusta, Wilk. (not both this species and Agrotzs vetusta, as Prof. Smith 
states in Bull. 38, U.S. Nat. Mus., pp. 125 and 212), was murenula, and 
that it certainly was an Agrotis. Walker had thus unwittingly given two 
species of Agrofis the same specific name, and hence one was free to be 
renamed. But which one—the one described in 1856 as Mythimna 
vetusta or the Agrotzs vetusta described in 1865? Mr. Grote evidently 
assumes that the former name must fall, but usage and consistency 
dictate that the older name should be retained. An examination of type 
specimens by Prof. Smith shows that AZythimna vetusta, Wlk., and 
Agrotis murenula, G. & R., are the same species. Then murenula 
must be placed in the synonymy of the older vefusta ; and Walker’s 
Agrotis vetusta, if it proves to be a valid species, is free to be renamed, 
and must be renamed should it be congeneric with Porosagrotis vetusta, 
Wlk. Thus, I believe the facts warrant Prof. Smith’s use of the name 
vetusta, W\k., for murenula,G. & R. Mr. Grote seems to have omitted 
Porosagrotis obesula, Smith, from his List for 1895. 


THE SECOND ANACRABRO, AND THE,SMALLEST 
AMERICAN OXYBELUS. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. 


Anacrabro boerhavie, Nn. sp..or var.— ¢ about 7 mm. long ; differs 
from oced/atus by the yellow markings, which are as follows :—Dorsum of 
prothorax and tubercles yellow, the tubercles with a black central dot. 
Mesothorax all black, except a small yellow spot on each side at hind 
border, adjacent to yellow spot of scutellum. Scutellum with a pair of 
large yellow spots. Postscutellum yellow. Inner side of anterior half 
of anterior femora yellow. ‘Tibi yellow, with more or less black 
behind. Tarsi yellow, slightly tending to orange. Segments 1-6 of 
abdomen presenting a yellow spot medially, and a large yellow patch on 
each side. The median spot on first segment is round, that on 2-3 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 


transversely oval, that on 4 transversely spindle shaped, that on 5 broad 
with truncate ends, that on 6 nearly square, but slightly constricted on 
each side. Lateral patches more or less bifid at their inner ends, and 
produced to a point below on lateral margin of abdomen. Strongly 
punctured, much more sparsely on pleura. Pubescence of face and cheeks 
silvery. Eyes very large, at least as near together on middle of face as 
the two upper ocelli are to one another. 

ffab., Las Cruces, N. M., Aug. 23, 1895, on Boerhavia, believed to 
be B. erecta. The type is now in Coll. Am. Ent. Soc. Since this does 
not seem to differ structurally from A. oce//atus, Pack., the only species 
hitherto described, Mr. Fox suggests that it may be but a variety of it. 
The nearest known locality for true oce//atus is West Point, Nebraska. 

The Loerhavia has sticky flower-stalks, which catch insects—for 
what purpose I donot know. AHarrisina coracina is often seen dead on 
the stalks, caught by the sticky exudation. 

Oxybelus cladothricis, n. sp.— Q about 3 mm. long; rather shiny, 
especially the abdomen ; with a strong lens the head and thorax appear 
to be minutely punctured; with a compound microscope the surface is 
seen to be minutely reticulated, and regularly and not densely punctured. 
Head large. Second joint of flagellum decidedly shorter than first, third 
a little shorter than second. Wings hyaline, nervures dark brown, - 
marginal cell pointed at tip. Colour black, with the abdomen entirely red. 
Median hind border of prothorax broadly, tubercles, squama, tibize except 
one side of posterior ones, and a large portion of anterior femora, white. 
Tarsi brownish or rufescent. Tegule pale testaceous. Sides of face, 
cheeks, and pleura with glittering white pubescence. Spine minute, 
straight, obscurely notched at tip. Squama with the two sides united, 
_ the points terminal and curved inwards, the median notch rounded. 


g alittle smaller, abdomen narrower, and ornamented with glitter- 
ing silvery .pubescence, forming narrow bands at distal margins of 
segments. No lateral spines on abdomen. Squama broader, squarely 
notched in middle, the points more curved. 


ffab., Las Cruces, N. M., early in Sept., 1895, on Cladothrix 
cryptantha, the plant determined by Prof. Wooton. 

This Oxybelus will be easily known by its small size, and red 
abdomen. The pointed marginal cell is also peculiar, as ¢-notatus, 
cornutus, emarginatus, sparideus, asztecus, and probably most of the 
genus have it narrowly truncate. It is pointed in argenteopilosus, 


_ judging trom Cameron’s figure, though nothing is said about the matter in 
the description, . 


a1). > THE CANADIAN “ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BUTTERFLIES OF SOUTHERN MANITOBA. 
BY E, F. HEATH, THE HERMITAGE, CARTWRIGHT, MAN. 

The following is a list of Diurni taken in Southern Manitoba about 
Section 35, Township 2, Range 15, W. of the first principal meridian, 
near the Village of Cartwright, and collected at intervals during the last 
ten or twelve years :— 

Papilio oregonia, Edw.—Only once seen, and taken three years ago—a 
rather worn specimen. Taken in July. 

Papilio asterias, Fab.—General, but not very abundant. 

Papilio turnus, Linn.—General, but not very abundant, except in 93, 
when it was rather numerous. 

Papilio turnus, Linn.—Very dark 9 —very heavily banded ; appeared 
later than the ordinary form. 

Pieris protodice, Bd.—Lec.—Common and abundant. 

Pieris rape, Linn.—Occasionally. 

Pieris napi oleracea, Esper.—Occasionally. 

Nathalis iole, Bd.— One _ specimen only seen. ‘Taken flying over some 
flowering annuals in garden, about end of July. 

Colias eurytheme, var. Eurytheme. 

Colias eurytheme, var. Keewaydin, with the| All very abundant. 
albino form. ne seems to be absent. 

Colias eurytheme, var. Eriphyle. 

Danais archippus, Fab.—Abundant throughout the summer. 

Argynnis cybele, Fab.—Abundant. Occurs during July. 

Argynnis cipris, Edw.—Occasionally in August. 

Argynnis aphrodite, Fab.—Very rare, one only taken. 

Argynnis lais, Edw.—Abundant. Occasionally in August. 

Argynnis myrina, Cram.—Abundant. Occurs in the early spring. 

Argynnis bellona, Fab.—Abundant. Occurs in the early spring. 

Euptoieta claudia, Cram.—Occasionally and generally, during July and 
August. 

Phyciodes nycteis, Doubl.-Hew.—Common. Of this I have taken one 
curious variety, in which the orange is replaced by white ; the speci- 
men not being at all worn. 

Phyciodes carlota, Reak.—Common 

Phyciodes tharos, Dru.—Common. 

Grapta interrogationis, Fab., var. Fabricii,—Occasionally. On wild hop, 
in August. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Bi iP 


Graptu interrogationis, var. umbrosa.—Occasionally. 

Grapta comma, Harr., var. dryas.—Rarely. 

Grapta progne, Cram.—Not common. 

Vanessa antiopa, Linn.—Abundant in the latter end of summer, 

Vanessa californica, Bd.—Two specimens taken. Not seen for some 
years. 

Vanessa milberti, Godt.—Abundant. 

Pyrameis atalanta, Linn.—Sometimes abundant. 

Pyrameis huntera, Fab.—Some years ago, I think in 1884, this insect 
was abundant, so much so that I only caught one or two spect- 
mens, thinking it would be equally general in other years. Since 
then I have only seen and taken one insect. Occurred in August. 

Pyrameis cardui, Linn.—Common in some years, scarce in others. 

Limenitis arthemis, Dru.n—Common in June and July. 

Limenitis disippus, Godt.—Occasionally in June and July. 

Neonympha canthus, Bd.—Lec.—Locally and occasionally occurs latter 
end of June and july. 

Ccenonympha inornata, Edw..—Common. 

Satyrus nephele, Kirby.—Very common. 

Satyrus nephele, v. Boopis.—Very common. 

Chionobas varuna, Edw.—One only seen and taken, and that a rather 
worn specimen, during August. 

Thecla calanus, Hub.—Rare. 

Thecla strigosa, Harr.—Abundant ; occurs in July. 

Thecla augustus, Kirby.—Only one seen and taken during May. 

Thecla titus, Fab.—Common during July. 

Thecla.—Not identified; appears to be a new species. Only one seen and 
taken some years ago. 

Chyrsophanus helloides, Bd.—Lec.—Abundant in June and July. 

Lycena sepiolus, Bd.—Only two specimens taken at the end of June. 

Lycena Couperii, Grote—Common in May. 

Lycena pseudargiolus, v. neglecta, Edw.—Common in June. 

Lyczena pseudargiolus, v. lucia, Edw.—Rare 

Lyczena melissa, Edw.—Common in July. 

Lycena comyntas, Godt.—Rarely seen. 

Lycena amyntula, Bd.—Common during June and July. 

Lycena aquilo, Bd.—Only one seen and taken June 12th, 1894. 

Carterocephalus mandan, Edw.—Local and not abundant, in July. 


$12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Thymelicus garita, Reak—Occasionally. 
Pamphila zabulon, Bd.—Lec.—Common in June. 
Pamphila zabulon, v. hobomok.—Common in June. 
Pamphila nevada, Scud.—One specimen taken. Occurs in August and 
September, when I have little opportunity for collecting. 
Pamphila peckius, Kirby.—Common in June and July. 
Pamphila mystic, Scud.—Occasionally in June and July. 
Pamphila cernes, Bd._Lec.—Occasionally in June and July. 
Pamphila metacomet, Harr.—Occasionally in June and July. 
Amblyscirtes vialis, Edw.—Occasionally in May. 
Pyrgus tessellata, Scud.—Occasionally in July and August. 
Nisoniades brizo, Bd.-Lec.—Fairly abundant in May. 
Nisoniades icelus, Lint.—Fairly abundant in May. 
Nisoniades juvenalis, Harr.—Occasionally in May. 
Eudamus pylades, Sm.—Abb.—Occasionally in May and June. 
The following are rough notes on the occurrence and. capture of 
Diurni, etc., during 1894, about my farm in Manitoba :— 
April 22nd—I first noticed hibernated specimens of V. antiopa and 
V. milberti flying about in the sunshine. 

‘“¢ 26th—In the evening I took several Noctue, some apparently 
belonging to the genus Tzeniocampa, ard also a dark gray 
moth, flying about the breaking catkins of the white poplar. 
Also on several evenings subsequently. 

May 18th—Lycena Couperit tolerably abundant, and L. pecideionngl 
neglecta just appearing. : 

“ 23rd—ZL. Couperii, Nisoniades juvenalis, brizo and icelus abrindaee 
on the flowers of the Bear-berry (Arctostaphylos uva-urst). 

At the same time I took the only specimen of TZhecla — 
augustus | have yet seen. Lycena amyntula beginning to 
make its appearance. 

“¢ 27th—First noticed A. myrina. 


‘© 28th—Pnyciodes carlota;and Colias eurytheme made their appear- 
ance. 


‘*  30th—Papilio turnus, several, but not nearly so numerous as in 1893. 


‘« 31st—I found on a small patch of prairie (on which a certain grass, . 
the name of which I do not know, seemed abundant) 
several specimens of Amblyscirtes vialis, which I had not 
seen for several years. Danats archippus seen for the first 
time. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313 


Se one eee eee 


_ June 1st—V. atalanta and Eudamus pylades occurred. 

“«  7th—Phyciodes tharos and Pamphila sabulon taken. 

“ oth— Carterocephalus mandan taken, and Cenonympha inornata 
generally during this month and July. 

“  roth—Limenitis arthemis first appeared. 

“« t2th—A single specimen of Zycena aguilo taken flying on the 
banks of the river with ‘‘ AmyntuZa,” etc. 
Phyciodes nycteis abundant, and also “ Pratensis.” 


“  13th—Argynais fats and Lycena melissa taken in July. 


“  15th—-Chysophanus epixanthe flying over patches of knot-grass 
(Polygonum aviculare) and Lycena sepiolus. 


“« 21st—I saw a butterfly which I watched for some time, but was 
unfortunately unable to capture, which I have very little 
doubt was Pyrgus centauree. 1 have never before seen 
anything like it. 

July 3rd— 7Zhecla titus abundant, and one or two Limenitis disippus. 
“«  6th— Thecla strigosa, Pamphila metacomet and A. cybele noticed. 


‘© 7th—Satyrus nephele, Euptoieta claudia and MNeonympha 
canthus. Early for E. claudia. 


“© r4th—Papilio asterias and Vanessa antiopa. After this date I 
was too much engaged in farm work to do much collecting, 
but I noticed far fewer insects than usual, attributable 
to the extremely hot, dry weather we had during the: 
latter half of July and August. 2. protodice much less 
abundant than usual, and also the later forms of C. 
eurytheme. A very few V. atalanta were seen, and I do 
not think I saw a single V. carduz, and certainly none of V. 
huntera. The genus Grapta was conspicuous by its 
absence, and V. miz/berti much less numerous than usual. 
Several times during August, while on either the mowing 
machine or the binder, I noticed a Pamphila rise suddenly 
in couples, some six or eight feet into the air from the grass, 
and fight for a few seconds, and then drop as rapidly, like 
stones, back into the grass. Needless to say I was unable to 
identify them, but I have taken “mystic” about that time, 
and also ‘“‘ nevada.” I did not notice a single specimen of 
L. tessellata in 1894, 


314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


In addition to the above list, I watched for some time last summer, 
but unfortunately was unable to take, what I am almost certain was a 
specimen of P. centauree. One thing I have particularly noticed about 
collecting in Manitoba is the occurrence of single specimens of a genus 
from time to time; the most careful search in the locality of the capture 
failing to produce any more. The same, to a great extent, occurs with 
Noctue, 

I must not omit to here publicly express my thanks to Mr. James 
Fletcher, of Ottawa, for the very kind assistance he has given me in 
identifying many of my species, and I am sure from the trouble I have 
given him, he will be more thankful than myself that the task is now ended. 


NOTES” ON’ MR: EP Fo” HEATHS, COLLECTION OF 
BUTTERFLIES. 
BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA. 


In August last, when visiting Mr. E. Firmstone Heath, of The 
Hermitage, near Cartwright, Man., I had an opportunity of examining 
his fine local collection of Lepidoptera, which consists of twelve cases of — 
well-set and preserved butterflies and moths. Among the butterflies 
were some species, the occurrence of which in Southern Manitoba 
surprised me very much. 

Mr. Heath’s residence is situated in a beautiful wooded valley, and 
on the bank of a small winding river, the Indian name of which 
means the “ Long River which runs crookedly.” The trees on the banks 
of the valley, which is about a mile wide at The Hermitage, are chiefly 
scrub oaks (Quercus macrocarpa), ash-leaved maples, aspen and balsam 
poplar (white and black poplar of the settlers), Saskatoon ( Amelanchier 
alnifolia), white thorn (Crategus coccinea), wild plum, a few American 
elms, choke-cherry, and various willows. ‘The locality is undoubtedly a 
rich one, presenting a great variety of natural habitat for insects. The 
general character of the country surrounding the valley is a rolling grassy 
prairie, here and there broken by farms, and bluffs of white poplar. 

This picturesque spot is about ten miles north of the boundary 
of the State of North Dakota, and about twenty-five miles north-east of 


the Turtle Mountains, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a3 ea) 


—EE——EE 


The following species in Mr. Heath’s collection struck me as being 
of particular interest :— 


1. Papilio oregonia.—Precisely like specimens taken in the Okanagan 
Valley, British Columbia, which was the most eastern locality previously 
recorded in Canada, nearly one thousand miles due west. It may be 
noted that Artemisia dracunculoides, the food plant of P. oregonia in 
British Columbia, also grows wild on Mr, Heath’s farm. 


2. Vanessa californica.—The occurrence of this species in Manitoba 
is no less remarkable than that of the last. I do not think there is any 
previous Canadian record east of the Rocky Mountains. 


3. Wathalis iole.—This is very far out of its previously known range. 


4. Chionobas varuna.—Chiefly notable for the late date of capture, 
namely, August ; but the locality also is much farther east than previous 
records. 


5. Lhecla strigosa.—Of this species I have had scores sent to me for 
identification, from Ontario and Eastern Canada, during the last five 
or six years, and never saw but two specimens of the form showing the 
large fulvous patches on the primaries, which Mr. Scudder thinks was 
intended to be represented under the name ‘‘ Z. Zéparops” by Boisduval 
and Leconte. As far as I can remember, all of the Manitoban specimens 
of Z: strigosa that I have seen (about 40 in number) show these fulvous 
blotches very distinctly, and the specimens are slightly but uniformly 
smaller than specimens from Ontario, etc. This would indicate, I think, 
that the Manitoban form is sufficiently distinct to be designated by a 
special name, and I suggest for it Z: strigosa, var. Liparops. I have 
specimens from Cartwright, Winnipeg and Brandon. 


6. Zhecla ? Mr. Heath has one specimen of a very fine Zhecla, 
quite unlike any described American species, of which I hope he will 
some day obtain further specimens for description. 


7. Lycena amyntula.—This is the common tailed-blue, not only in 
Southern Manitoba, but at Winnipeg, and as far east, at any rate, as 
Nepigon, north of Lake Superior. The eggs are laid on the pedicels of 
the flowers of ZLathyrus ochroleucus, in identically the same manner as is 
done by the same species in British Columbia, on the pedicels of the 
same species and of Lathyrus venosus. 


316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE SATURNIANS. 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


Since writing my paper (CAN. EnT., 263, ante*) I have been able to 
examine a specimen of the Asiatic A. sedene. The moth differs from /una, 
chiefly in the pointed apices of fore wings, the outer margin sweeping 
inwardly in an even curve. I cannot consider this character of generic 
value, since precisely the same separates the South American Lac/es 
magnifica from our £. imperialis. In the same species of certain 
Papilionides, a similar variation has been noted. The exterior bands 
appear faintly also in certain examples of Zzza, while the whiter colour is 
shown by the variety Rosst. Whether this tendency to white is rever- 
sionary in its nature, may be questioned. The tails are more developed 
in the Asiatic species, but (without denuding) I cannot find any neura- 
tional differences. I conclude, then, that Leach’s term Acfzas is also 
applicable to 4. 7wza. On the other hand, the European zsade//e seems. 
to admit of a distinct genus. This species is confined to a limited region 
of the Peninsula, and its geograpical isolation has apparently preserved 


among its characters some which may have belonged to a more primitive ~ 


type of tailed Saturnians. The American and the Asiatic species would 
be then nearer related, pointing to a different epoch of separation for the 
European form. The resemblance between the larve of polyphemus 
and /uwa seems to warrant the association of the genera, and justify my 
disposition of the groups, I take it that the members of the Attacid 
group: Attacus, Philosamia, Callosamia, are more highly specialized 
forms as compared with the Saturniid group: Samia, Saturnia, Agapema. 
These two groups would be nearer related in phylogenesis to each 
other than to the Teleid group, which stands at some little distance. 
Mr. Dyar writes me that in Zé/ea, at the last stage, the larva shows a 
sparse coating of secondary hair, short and fine, most abundant at base 
of legs. In /Zunza, on the contrary, the secondary hairs are most 
abundant dorsally, having enlarged ends, and are nearly entirely absent 
subventrally, except on the foot itself. From this fact, and that of the 


still greater reduction of the tubercles in /zza, I am inclined to believe’ 


Actias the more specialized form, as compared with TZe/ea; this view 
seems to be sustained by the moth stage and would bear out the position 
assigned to the genera in a linear series. It seems, then, probable that 
Actias and Te/ea represent a lateral branch of the family stem and that they 
have pursued to some extent a parallel development. This is shown by 
the greater uniformity in colour, the absence of contrasting ornamentation 


in the larve. In all stages these moths rely on protective resemblances, ~ 


needed by insects so large and apparently so very helpless. 


*On page 263, ante, foot-note, for *‘Xyloicus” read ‘* Hyloicus.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. OL 


COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA—No. II. 
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA. 


The latitude stated in the former paper{ should have been 26° 40’. 
This winter my location was six miles south from Pitt’s Island, where the 
collecting was done last season. From February rst to May 
6th is the time included. During February and March few beetles 
occurred, as the temperature ranged from 52° to 74° and on one occasion 
fell to 27°. From the roth to the 24th of April no collecting was done, 
and all but a few of the species enumerated were taken between the latter 
date and May 4th. The species not known to the writer to occur north 
of Florida are marked with a * ; those extending westward around the 
Gulf, with a ¢ ; the others have a wide northern and western distribution. 
Philonthus micans is to be erased from the previous list, as that species 
does not occur in Florida, the black form of a/wmnus having been 


erroneously so determined. 


+Pasimachus subsulcatus, Say. 
Dyschirius spheericollis, Say. 
fClivina picea, Putz. 
Ardistomis viridis, Say. 
Lebia abdominalis, Crd. 
{Callida decora, Fad. 
*Plochionus dorsalis, orn. 
*Apenes angustata, Schwarz. 
{Brachynus 4-pennis, Dez. 
Anatrichis minuta, De. 
Harpalus nitidulus, Crd. 
7Philhydrus consors, Lee. 
Cercyon preetextatus, Say. 
Silpha inequalis, Fad. 
+Colpodota pulchra, Kraats. 
Staphylinus tomentosus, Grav. 
Actobius, n. s. 
Lathrobium, n. s. 
*Paederus obliteratus, Zec. 
+Erchomus laevis, Lec. 
Oxytelus insignitus, Grav. 


Olibrus vittatus, Zec. 
*Stilbus floridanus, Casey. 
S. pusillus, Zec. 
Megilla maculata, DeG. 
+Psyllobora nana, AZu/s. 
Scymnus collaris, 2 var., JZe/s. 
*Languria marginipennis, Schwartz . 
Lasconotus pusillus, Zec. 
Catogenus rufus, 7a. 
Laemophloeus, sp. 
Cryptomorpha desjardinsi, Guer. 
Loberus impressus, Lec. 
Dermestes vulpinus, 7d. 
Hololepta 4-dentata, Fad. 
Saprinus, sp. 
+Carpophilus tempestivus, 27. 
Trogosita virescens, Fad. 
Tenebrioides, sp. 
Cyphon variabilis, var. modestus. 
Lec. 


£Can, ENT., XXVI., p. 250, Sept., 


Alaus myops, /aé. 


1894. 


318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


* Anchaustus asper, Lec. 
}+Monocrepidius suturalis, Lec. 
+Ludius hepaticus, Germ. 
Glyphonyx recticollis, Say. 
Melanotus communis, GyZ/. 
M. clandestinus, 7. 
Chrysobothris chrysoela, ///. 
Photinus lineellus, Zec. 
+Photuris frontalis, Zec. 
Polemius, sp. 
Aphodius ruricola, JZe/s. 
A. stercorosus, J7/é/s. 
Clceotus globosus, Say. 
Anomala undulata, J7/e/s. 


Euphoria melancholica, Gory. 


Trichius delta, Forst. 
*Leptostylus, n. s. 

Hippopsis lemniscata, /ad. 
*Spalacopsis filum, Dur. 
*Lema conjuncta, Lac. 

Anomea laticlavia, orst. 
+Metachroma pellucidum, C7. 
+Dysonycha collata, “ad. 

Epitrix brevis, Schwarts. 

E. parvula, fad. 

Coptocycla bicolor, /aé. 

C. clavata, Fad. 
+Caryoborus arthriticus, /a@d. 

Bruchus scutellaris, 7ad. 

B. obscurus, Say. 


Alobates barbatus, Kzoch. 
*Blapstinus fortis, Lec. 

*B. estriatus, Lec. 
+Tharsus seditiosus, Lec. 

Uloma punctulata, Lec. 

Arrhenoplita viridipennis, ad. 

Platydema ruficorne, Sturm. 

P. erythrocerum, Zep/. 
+P. subquadratum, JZofs. 

P. subcostatum, Zap/. 

*Hypophloeus, n. s. 
+Talanus langurinus, Lec. 
*Cteniopus Murrayi, Lec. 

@xacis..n..s: 

On.)s..(bhie): 

*Mordellistena floridana, Syzz¢f. 
*M. splendens, Smith. 

Tomoderus interruptus, Za/. 

Anthicus fulvipes, Zaf 

Tyloderma variegatum, orn. 

T. ereum, Say. 

Conotrachelus seniculus, Lec. 
;Cryptorhynchus minutissimus, Lec. 
*Baris nitida, Lec. 

*Trichobaris insolita, Casey. 

{Cylas formicarius, Fad. 
*Sphenophorus apicalis, Lec. 
*Cossonus, Nn. S. 

Tomicus cacographus, Lec. 
*Scolytide, n. g. and n. s. 


The species listed number 101; of these, eight are undescribed and 
four undetermined. Eight species mentioned in Mrs. Annie Trumbull 


Slosson’s list, published in the January number of the CaN. ENT., are also ~—_ 
enumerated, namely: Staphylinus tomentosus, Languria marginipennis, 
Cryptomorpha desjardinsi, Fhoturis frontalis, Coptocycla bicolor, 
Blapstinus fortis, B. estriatus, and Cteniopus Murrayi. Also Past- 
machus subsulcatus, Harpalus nitidulus, Chrysobothris chrysoela, and 
Caryoborus arthriticus, from her manuscript notes of captures at Lake 


Worth in December, 1894. 


co 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 


Staphylinide—Pederus obliteratus.—This beetle is abundant in 
April. The species occurring on the New Jersey sea-coast, usually 
determined od/iteratus, is P. floridanus, which has likewise the elytral 
punctures more or less obliterated posteriorly, but very coarse anteriorly. 
P. obliteratus has a narrower head, longer elytra, with the punctures 
faintly indicated anteriorly and obsolete behind. It occurs as far north 
as St. Augustine, to my knowledge. Aledius punctatissimus occurred as 
formerly ; one of the types of this species was from Southern California, 
and not that of B. fumatus, as a dislocation by the printer in the former 
paper makes it appear. 


Languria marginipennis.—Abundant by sweeping weeds. April. 

Cucujide —Catogenus rufus.—The larva of this widely-distributed 
species is eminently a wood borer, and in Southern Florida completes its 
transformations in about three months. Two mature beetles, in length 
.22 and .45 inch, respectively, were cut, April 25th, from sea grape 
(Coccolobus) killed by the December frost. The young larve started 
out about two inches apart, pursuing parallel routes for 23 inches before 
pupating. The beetles were over an inch from the surface, and no 
provisions had been made for their liberation. For the first ten inches of 
their course their burrows were eaten from the wood just beneath the 
bark and packed with borings; the remainder of the burrows, also firmly 
packed, were in the solid wood. The larva of the small beetle had the 
same supply of food as that of the larger. Why the disparity in size? 
And why burrow the same distance ? 

Cryptomorpha desjardinst. — Several examples of this graceful 
species were taken in April in the unfolding leaves of the Banana killed 
by the December frost, and in a state of semi-putrefaction. The larve 
and pupz were seen in the cellular structure of the leaf beneath the 
epiderm. The Florida examples are identical in form, size and color- 
ation with those from British Columbia. 

Scarabeide—Euphoria melancholica occurred abundantly, March 
rst, on thistles (c¢rs¢um)—Trichius delta, many examples occurred, May 
1st, on the blossoms of the wild olive (Olea americana). It extends to 
the extreme south of Florida, having been taken at Key West. 

Leptostylus, n. s.—This is a small species,.16 to .20 inch in length, 
‘of an ashy-gray colour, and but slightly depressed; the antennz are 
conspicuously annulated ; the thoracic tubercles are close to the base and 
in some examples acute, as in Zzopws; the elytra are obliquely truncated 


520 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


at tip, with small black dots arranged in irregular rows and with two 
blackish angulated lines behind the middle. It breeds in the stems of a 
slender cucurbitaceous vine (JZelothria pendula) which grows over fences 
and bushes in dense festoons. Mr. Schwartz took this species at Bay 
Biscayne, and it may occur in the Bahamas and Cuba. 


Leptostylus transversatus.—This species breeds in stumps and logs 
of the Mastich (S7deroxylon pallidum). The larva lives entirely in the 
bark, where it pupates in a cell, after the manner of a Urographis. 


Spalacopsis linum, Duv.— This species was taken abundantly in 
April and in May on the dead vines of AZelothria pendula, in the dead 
stems of which both larve and pup were abundant. The beetle is ex- 
ceedingly slender, varying greatly in size, and in length from .20 to .60 inch. 
It occurs also in some of the Bahama Islands and likewise in Cuba, and 
is thus described by Chevrolat [Tr.]: ‘ Authuorus filum, Duvy.—Filiform ; 
head closely punctate, grayish-brown, with three obsolete pale lines ; 
thorax linear, closely punctate, brownish-gray, with an obsolete pale line 
on each side and down the middle ; elytra brown, variegated with macu- 
lations, especially near the suture; the apex margined, obliquely truncate 
and produced, longitudinally sulcate, closely and strongly punctate, 
interstices elevated ; antenne and feet brown. Length, 8-11 mill.; width, 
124-2 mill.” (An. France, Series '4, Vol. II., p, 256.) Mr. Schwartz pre- 
viously took this species at Bay Biscayne. Its occurrence north from 
Lake Worth has not been noted, but the vine in which it breeds extends 
around the Gulf to Texas. The pertinacity with which it feigns death is 
extreme, and tiil it moves it can scarcely be distinguished in the umbrella 
from the broken vines. 

LTippopsis lemnistica.—Taken abundantly with the foregoing species, 
but it breeds in the stems of other plants or weeds besides We/othria. It 
extends westward around the Gulf and as far northward as Eastern Penn- 
sylvania. 

Caryoborus arthriticus.—This species, as is known, breeds abun- 
dantly in the seeds of the Cabbage Palm (Sabo/ palmetto). From about 
one quart of the berries placed in a covered paper box I obtained more 
than roo examples. This species, however, breeds in the seeds of other 
trees, as I raised once several examples from the seeds of the Coffee tree 
(Gymnocladus Canadensis). 

Platydema subquadratum, Mots.—While the Florida and Arizona 
examples are considered as belonging to one species, yet they have a © 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321 


distinct facies, and the under-side is differently coloured ; those from 
Florida being luteous brown beneath, while the Arizona examples are 
bright rufous. 


Hypophlxus, n. s.—Three examples were beaten from JZelothria 
vines, but whether they bred in them or in the cedar posts which sup- 
_ ported them is not known, and the matter is mentioned to call the atten- 
tion of future collectors. This species is narrower than g¢aber, which 
occurs also ; the elytra are finely but distinctly punctured in close rows. 


Talanus (Dignamptus) langurinus and stenochinus.—These two names 
represent the extremes of one species (Horn). Dr. Leconte having only 
one example of the latter and two or three of the former before him, and 
knowing nothing of the graduating intermediates, or the history of the 
species, found enough of differential points for two species. It was 
beaten abundantly from the dead vines of JAZe/othria, in which it probably 
breeds, though I did not find larva nor pupa. It varies in length from 
.I5 to .40 inch, which is no greater difference than is found in some 
other species, as Spalacopris filum, Catogenus rufus, etc. The colour of 
the types is represented as ‘‘ black with a bluish gloss,” and “black with 
a slight metallic gloss.” All the examples taken by me, and others in my 

collection from Bay Biscayne and from Louisiana, are from light to dark 
castaneous. It requires a little faith to see any great resemblance to 
a Languria. Dr. Horn names the species as a whole /angurinus. 
Cryptorhynchus minutissimus, var.—This species was beaten in 
some abundance from both living and dead vines of AZe/othria, in which 
it probably breeds. The typical examples of this species in my collection 
from Louisiana, and also one taken at Lake Worth on another plant, have 
the thorax and elytra beautifully ornamented ; but this variety is sordid 
brown, with the apical third of the elytra luteous. Some one hereafter 
may possibly describe it as a new species. 
Trichobaris insolita, Casey. This species was taken abundantly in 
a patch of a species of ground cherry (/#ysadis), April roth. None 
occurred afterwards nor elsewhere, though /P#ysa/is is abundant. It 
probably breeds in the stems of this plant, like ¢7ézotfata does in the 
potato. I found a coleopterous larva in one of the plants, but no pupa, 
and so can not write with certainty. 
Cylas formicarius.— Three examples were taken on the ocean 
beach from a rough, prostrate cumfositous plant, growing in mats on the 
sand. The species is said to depredate on the sweet potato, but in this 


322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


case there were no sweet potatoes or other convolvulaceous plants within 
half a mile. Many times I accompanied the gardener for sweet potalne | 
but failed to find this species either above or under the ground. 

Rhyncophorus cruentatus.—This species breeds in the dying trunks 
or stumps of the Cabbage palmetto ; before pupating the larva forms an 
excavation, in which it constructs a cocoon in which to pupate ; this 
cocoon is from an inch and a-half to two inches in length, its walls being © 
over one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness, composed of fibre, cemented — 
with some glutinous secretion. 

Cossonus, n. s.—Under the bark of a dead limb of the Rubber tree — 
(ficus aurea) five examples were taken. The basal half of the elytra, 
metasternum and abdomen are rufous. Length, .12-.14 inch. 

Scolytidae—— An undescribed species belonging to a new genus 
(Schwartz) occurs in the dead or diseased bark of the /zcus in incredible 
numbers. It breeds entirely in the bark, and it is not possible to trace 
its galleries. Length, .o4-.05 inch. 


NOTES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF SOMERSET CO., MAINE. 
BY PHILIP LAURENT, PHILADELPHIA. . 
The following notes and observations were made during a two- 
weeks’ stay in this county, ending on August 29th. The greater 
portion of our collecting was done in the neighbourhood of King 
& Bartlett Lake, and along the road leading out to Eustis. This section 
of Maine, if not the entire State, is anything but an ‘ entomologist’s — 
paradise.” The country is mountainous and covered for the most part 
with a dense growth of spruce, pine, birch, etc. Very little land in the 
entire county is under cultivation, so that those insects which we 
naturally look for in such places are almost entirely wanting. Many 
beautiful lakes are to be found in this part of Maine, but here again the 
entomologist is doomed to disappointment, as the water of the lakes is of 
an icy coldness, and very few aquatic insects are seen. The nights are 
invariably cold and but few insects are attracted to light. In a heavily- 
timbered country, such as we find in Somerset Co., Maine, it would 
naturally be supposed that the fallen trees would yield an abundance of 
insect life, particularly Coleoptera. A search of two hours, in which I 
overturned many dead trees and removed the bark from many others, 
resulted in the finding of exactly eight specimens of Coleoptera, and 
common species at that. Collecting with the umbrella and beating-net 
was a waste of time, as little or nothing rewarded our efforts. Czcindela 


iad 


/ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 323 


longilabris, Say, was found in abundance on the road to Eustis by Dr. 
Skinner, during his visit to this part of Maine in 1894; but this year 
only three or four specimens were observed. The only other Cicindela 
seen was 72-guttata, Dej., which was quite common. A specimen of 
Monohammus marmorator, Kir., was the best capture in the line of 
Coleoptera. The following Coleoptera were also captured: Zachys nanus, 
Gyll.; Pterostichus honestus, Say; Coccinella trifasciata, Linn.; Hyper- 


aspis fimbriolata, Melsh.; Dicerca tenebrosa, Kir.; Ellychnia corrusca, 


Linn.; Aphodius fimetarius, Linn.; Trichius affinis, Gory; Rhagium 
lineatum, Oliv.; Monohammus confusor, Kir.; Monohommus scutellatus, 
Say; Doryphora ro-lineata, Say; Luperus meraca, Say; and Meloe 
angusticollis, Say. In the capture of Lepidoptera we were somewhat 
more successful; not that this order was in any way better represented, 
but in the fact that some of our captures were new to our cabinets. 
There was not a lepidopterous insect observed of which we could say it 
wascommon. /veris rape, Linn., outside of the small kitchen garden, 
was extremely scarce. Grapta faunus, Edw., possibly the commonest of 
all the Lepidoptera observed, was by no means very abundant, as only 
eighteen specimens were captured during our two-weeks’ stay, ana then 
only after a persistent effort on our part to secure them. Gvrapta gracilis, 
G. & R., a very desirable species, of which we secured nine specimens, 
was one of the few good things secured in the butterfly line. The small 
white aphis on which the larva of Feniseca targuinius, Fab., is said to 
feed, was very plentiful on the branches of the black alder, but of Feniseca 
itself we only saw one or two specimens. On both occasions when I 
visited the alders it was after a heavy rain, and this may have had some- 
thing to do with the scarcity of Tarquinius. Following is a list of 


Lepidoptera secured during our two weeks of collecting: Argynnis 


atlantis, Edw.; Argynnis myrina, Cram.; Phyciodes tharos, Dru. ; 
Grapta faunus, Edw.; Grapta gracilis, G. & R.; Grapta progne, Cram.; 
Grapta j-album, Bd. & Lec.; Limenitis arthemis, Dru,; Limenttis 
disippus, Gdt.; Chrysophanus hypophleas, Bdv.; Pieris rapa, Linn.; 
Colias philodice, Gdt.; Papilio turnus, Linn.; Arctia virgo, Linn.? ; 
Mamestra renigera, Steph.; Hadena arctica, Bdv.; Hadena modica, Gn.; 
Caradrina multifera, Walk.; Cirroedia pampina, Gn.; Scoliopteryx 
libatrix, Linn.; Pseudaglossa lubricalis, Geyer; Therina fervidaria, 


~Hbn.; Cleora semiclusaria, Walk.; Zriphosa dubitata, Linn.; Petrophora 


prunata, Linn.; Pinipestis Zimmermann, Grt.; and Crambus vulgiva- 


Sy) 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLGGIST. 


——— 


gellus, Clem. Some little collecting was done in the other orders, and 
among the Hymenoptera the following have been kindly identified by Mr. 
Wm. J. Fox: Urocerus flavicornis, Fab.; Urocerus albicornis, Fab.; 
Ichneumon grandis, Brull.; Paniseus glaucopterus, Linn.; Vespa maculata, 
Linn.; Vespa germanica, Linn.; Bombus bifarius, Cress.; Bombus 
vagans, Sm.?; Pompilus tenebrosus, Cress.; Odynerus leucomelas, Sauss ; 


and a species of Halictus not yet identified. Of the other orders the 


greater part of our captures are as yet unidentified. Dr. Wm. Hughes © 


and Dr. Henry Skinner, my companions on this trip, rendered me much 
valuable assistance in securing specimens. 


NOTES ON PSYCHODA. 
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. 


Mr. Alex. D. MacGillivray has sent me some Psychodide from 
Ithaca, N.Y., for names. 

Psychoda Slossone; Will. 

One male (June). The wings are clothed with blackish hair, and 
with two broad irregular white bands. The fringe on the posterior margin 
is blackish (in swzperba whitish) ; the abdomen clothed with white hairs 
(in superba with black); the legs are paler and with more white hair than 
in superba, and the white hair on head and thorax is not as long nor as 
dense as in P. superba. A female (Aug.) which is larger and more thickly 
clothed with white hair is, perhaps, the same as Williston mentions, and 


is, I think, the female of this species. 
Psychoda albitarsis, n. sp. 

Wing moderately broad, tip not very acute, clothed with blackish 
hair; some specimens show a patch of more dense hair on the middle near 


the costal margin ; the fringe is black except at the tip, where it is white; — 


behind the fringe is over four times as long as the width of a cell; head, 
thorax and abdomen densely clothed with black hair ; legs with dense 
black hair, except the tarsi, which are white or pale yellowish. Antenne 
very short, pale, with whitish hair. Length of wing, 2.4 mm. 

Differs from 7. zzgra by white apical fringe, and white tarsi and less 
pointed wing ; from P. maryinalis by larger size, white tarsi and black 
haired body. Eight specimens, June and July, on Rubus odorata at 
Tthacas N.Y. 

Psychoda alternata, Say. 

A few specimens of this species from Ithaca, N.Y., are smaller than 
those from Long Island. 
Psychoda cinerea, Bks. 


types. 


One specimen from Ithaca of this species is not quite as dark as the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Day 


NOTE ON THE LARVA OF HEMILEUCA CALIFORNICA, 
WRIGHT. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK. 

In Can. Ent., 1894 (Vol. XXVI., p. 293), Prof. G. H. French 
described the early stages of this species, but failed to get the larve past 
their second moult. Prof. French kindly sent me eggs, and I have raised 
the larva through all its stages. It is, however, exactly like the normal 
H. maia, already described by Prof. Riley and Dr. Lintner, as we might 
expect from the position to which the moth has been assigned. I will, 
therefore, not take up space to redescribe the several stages in detail. The 
characters of the tubercles and sete are such’as I have described for the 


Hemileucide (Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIV., 55), and are the same as 


in Pseudohazis. In my account of the genus (Psyche, VII., gr), the 
statements about the arrangement of the sete are inaccurate, owing to 
insufficient amplification (only a jens was used). I add, therefore, 
figures of the thoracic and abdominal sete, stages I. and II. of Hemileuca, 
showing the true arrangement, and these may be considered to stand also 
for Pseudohazis. 


It will be noticed that stage I. 
/ (Fig. 23) represents a primitive 
first stage, with tubercles iv. 
and v. consolidated and all the 
tubercles except three on the 
cervical shield and tubercle ii. 
on abdomen hypertrophied. In 
stage II. the tubercles are con- 
verted into elongate warts by 
the addition of sete, but no 
sub-primary tubercles appear. A 
few secondary sete may be dis- 
tinguished, and these become 
abundant in later stages, parallel 
with the increase in number of 
Bees spines on the elongated warts. 
The peculiar shortening of wart i. takes place in stage III., and hence is 
not shown here. 


[se 
Lo 
lor) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


AN ATTEMPT TO CORRELATE THE RESULTS ARRIVED AT IN RECENT 
PAPERS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF LEPIDOPTERA, By James 
William Tutt, F. E. S. 


This paper very instructively and readably puts together the con- 
clusions attained by Comstock, Dyar, Chapman and Hampson on the 
subject, which is one which has lately received gratifying attention. It 
positively rains classifications! Hardly have I mailed off the Systema 
when Dr. Packard sends me a “ New Classification,” and it must be con- 
fessed that printers’ ink has not been spared at the birth of the New 
Lepidopterology. Therefore this paper, in the Trans. Ent. Soc., of 
London, Pt. III., for Sept., r895, by Mr. Tutt, comes opportunely and 
affords useful reading. Mr. Tutt states at the outset, that this paper is 
not offered in a spirit of adverse criticism to any one of the particular lines 
indicated and worked out at length by these various authors. But, on 
the whole, the neurationists come off a little the worse and for the appar- 
ent reason that their use of a single organ, with a limited field for the 
expression of its development, is open to the fatal objection that the 
same peculiarities are offered along different lines of descent. That this 
is actually the case appears from the result which Dyar, on occasion, 
obtains from the larval tubercles as compared with that obtained by 
Comstock from the wings. Undoubtedly the wings show evolution and 
indicate phylogenetic lines, but ultimate peculiarities of venation are not 
decisive of affinity in all cases. The time has perhaps gone by when a 
moth is excluded or admitted into a family on the sole ground that the 
costal vein merges with the subcostal, or springs free from base of the 
wing, or is separate a little way and then touches the subcostal at a cer- 
tain point. ‘It is also evident,” says Mr. Tutt, “that the results of the 
various systems, whether based on larval, pupal, or imaginal characters, 
must be compared, and the sum total of evidence brought together, if a 
satisfactory result is to be obtained.” Towards the comprehension of the 
points of the various systems, Mr. Tutt’s digest will certainly contribute. 

Dr. Packard’s New Classification seems, on reflection, exclusive of 
Prof. Comstock’s. Upon the mouth parts of a smaller moth, referred not 
long ago to the genus Micropteryx, Dr. Packard founds a suborder, Lepi- 
doptera laciniata, and refers Micropteryx and Hepialus into the other sub- 
order, Lepidoptera glossata, which contains thus so nearly the whole of 
the order that it might be almost as well to refer the Eriocephalidz to the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


nS 
~T 


‘Trichoptera and be done withit. The objection that Comstock’s Frenatee 
includes many Lepidoptera without a frenulum is somewhat paralleled 
by the fact that some of Dr. Packard’s Lepidoptera glossata (Fabricius’s 
term for the order) have no tongue. The difficulty of ‘“‘ combining ” 
these two systems lies in the fact that different organs are employed. Dr. 
Packard’s paper closes with a genealogical tree at which my old friend, 
Mr. W. H. Edwards, if he is still standing on his rock and is not washed 
away by Dyarian waves, will no doubt lift his hands in astonishment. 
Dr. Packard has virtually abandoned the old Latreillean camp and joined 
the ranks of the new school. 


In a far wider sense than as a correlator of contending systems, Mr. 
Tutt merits respect for his untiring industry and his success in raising the 
standard of scientific Lepidopterology in England ; I might almost say in 
Europe, for the study itself has been in some danger of following the 
objects of the study, into the useful hands of the dealers in insects. With 
ever fresh enthusiasm and all the power of expressing himself clearly, Mr. 
Tutt combines both point and poetry, so that to read one of his discus- 
sions on synonymy is a pleasant task. The student, whether objectively 
of science, or subjectively of nature, cannot fail to be benefitted by Mr. 
Tutt’s writings. 

A. RADCLIFFE Grore, A. M. 


Tue Burrerriies oF NortH America, with Coloured Drawings and 
Descriptions, by W. H. Edwards. Third Series, Part XVI. Hough- 
ton, Mifflin & Co., The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass. 


Though nearly a twelve-month has gone by since the preceding Part 
‘was noticed in our pages, we could well afford to wait with patience for 
another issue, when our author rewards us with so much that is remark- 
ably interesting, as well as valuable, regarding the life-histories of some 
hitherto little known Butterflies. 


The first plate, which as usual is exquisitely drawn and coloured, 
‘depicts the female of Parnassius Smintheus, Doubl.-Hew., and both 
‘sexes of the variety Hermodur, Hy.-Edw., together with the egg, larva in 
all its stages, chrysalis, last segments of the male butterfly, and many 
highly magnified details. After giving a description of the various stages 
-of the insect, the author relates many most interesting facts regarding the 
dife and habits of the butterfly, which have taken expert observers in the 


328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


States of Colorado, Montana, and Washington, no less than twenty years 
to accumulate. The account is concluded with a description of the 
formation of the extraordinary pouch or keel which is to be seen beneath 
the abdomen of the females of various species of Parnassius. ‘That this 
should be formed by the male is one of those strange marvels that render 
the careful study of the lives of our Butterflies so interesting and 
attractive. 

The second plate depicts both sexes of Satyrus Charon and the 
male of its variety S¢/vestris; also the egg, the various stages of the 
larva, the chrysalis, and many details. The imago and the several pre- 
paratory stages are described, and a short but interesting account js 
given of the habits of the butterfly and the rearing of the larve. 

On the remaining plate are figured the egg, three stages of the larva 
with details, and both sexes of the imago of the British Columbia species 
Chionobas Gigas, Butler. After describing the preparatory stages so far 
as known, the author relates the differences in appearance and habitat 
between this species ana Cadifornica and /duna, which are frequently 
confused in collections. G/gas is shown to’be confined, so far as is yet 
known, to Vancouver Island, where the male frequents the tops of the 
highest mountains, the female being usually found much lower down. 
Tduna inhabits the slopes of the evergreen redwood forest in North- 
eastern California on the Pacific Coast; and Cadéfornica, the hot, arid 
regions of East Oregon, Washington, and the semi-desert portion of 
North-east California. ‘ Gigas is semi-arctic, living amid the cold, dark 
fir forest ; Zduna is temperate, living in the mild, dark redwood forest ; 
Californica is semi-tropical, living in open, dry, warm glades in the 
‘bush-land,’ on the border between the forest and the open plains. 
Gigas alights on bare rocks; /duna on green twigs; Californica on 
~dead or dry grass.” But we must refer the reader to the book itself for 
all the interesting particulars regarding these strange Butterflies. 

The wonder to us is that so few Entomologists subscribe to this 
magnificent work. The Parts are issued at such long intervals that the 
cost is very light; those who have secured them know what a treasure 


they possess and how highly they prize it. 


Mailed November 4th, 1895. 


‘Sat 


“tS, 


Cre 4h 


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bihietniaieieeemee Stan ie ee 


GANT ENT AA Vln IEPATE 6: 


THE PLUM-TWIG GALL-MITE (PHYTOPTUS PHEOEOCORTES; NAL.) 


The Canadian Vintomalogist 


VOL. XXVII. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1895. No. 12. 


THE PLUM-TWIG GALL-MITE. 
Phytoptus phlwocoptes, Nalepa. 
BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 


In January, 1895, I received from a fruit grower at Industry, Pa., 
several plum-twigs which were badly infested with what was to me a new 
pest. Two of these twigs are shown, natural size, on the accompanying 
plate. It will be seen that a ring of small, sub-spherical excrescences 
encircles the base of each bud and also the bases of two short shoots. 
The correspondent wrote that he had 4oo trees badly infested, and a 
majority of the plum trees in his neighborhood were affected. The 
Damsons seem especially subject to attack, but all varieties suffer more 
or less. 

The excrescences, were then of a dark brown colour, with a siight 
reddish tinge. Usually a slit-like opening could be distinguished on the 
surface. Upon carefully cutting through one of the excrescences, I was 
surprised to find a cavity in the interior that was packed nearly full of 
very minute whitish creatures, which proved to be four-legged mites or 
Phytoptids. Thus, these excrescences were the galls formed by the 
‘mites, and in which they were then hibernating. There were hundreds 
of the mites in each gall and all of them in a dormant condition. ‘Thus, 
each twig was harbouring thousands of the little creatures. The fleshy 
portion of the galls, between the cavity and the outer skin, is of a dark 
magenta colour. The galls vary in size, some of the larger ones 
containing two or three cavities. 

But little is known of the life-history of this curious gall-mite. The 
correspondent writes that the mites also live in the galls during the 
growing season. ‘They probably leave the galls in which they hibernate 
and form new galls in the summer. On several twigs I found a ring of 
old, dry, deserted galls below a ring of inhabited galls. 

Having ascertained the nature of the pest, I ransacked the literature 
for records of similar attacks by gall-mites. In Insect Life, Vol. 1., p. 
343, is recorded some correspondence which Dr. Riley had in January, 


330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


1888, with a fruit grower at Marlborough, N. Y., regarding what was 
doubtless this same Plum-twig Gall-mite. In this instance the galls also 
occurred along cracks on the bark of larger limbs, and in close connection 
with the Black Knot fungus, which was, of course, accidental. Again in 
1891, Dr. Riley (Insect Life, Vol. V., p.17) records a small mite as 
injurious to Damson plum trees at Berlin Cross Roads, Ohio. This was 
probably the mite under discussion. ‘These are the only records I have 
found in American literature of any mite making galls on plum-twigs. 


There has recently appeared in the European literature three admir- 
able and exhaustive papers on the Phytoptide, by Dr. Alfred Nalepa 
[Sitz. der Math.-Natur. Classe der kais. Akad. der Wiss., Abtheil. I., Vol. 
96 (1887), pp. 115-165 ; Vol. 98 (1889), pp. 112-156; Vol. 99 (1890), 
pp. 40-69]. Each article is accompanied: by several finely executed 
plates. *Luckily, I had access to Dr. Nalepa’s work, and I found that 
_but one Phytoptid had been described which lived in gails on the twigs 
of plum trees. In Vol. 99, p. 54, he describes and figures this mite as 
Phytoptus phiwocoptes. In figure 2, 1 have reproduced (photographically) 
one of Dr. Nalepa’s figures of the mite ; it is the female and is magnified 
450 diameters. ‘The mites in the galls were very similar to, if not iden- 
tical with, this European species. The only noticeable difference is in the 
shape of the body. The Pennsylvania mites are shorter and wider, but 
this may be quite possibly due to their being in hibernation and dormant. 
The European species was first described and figured as prunz, by 
Amerling, in 1868. 

The mites could have been easily introdauced into this country on. 
plum stock, but the correspondent writes that his trees were grown in his 
vicinity “and are known as sucker-growth trees.” If our mite is identical 
with the European species, and it probably is, the pest was introduced 
into this country some time previous to 1887, and it is now present in 
New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. 

The fruit grower informs me that his trees are thrifty, but the fruit is 
undersized. So many thousands of the little creatures working at the 


*Dr. Nalepa puts our knowledge of the Phytoptidz ona scientific basis. He 
rightly discards all previous descriptions of the mites as inadequate and not definite 
enough for the determination of any species. He gives new detailed descriptions with 
excellent figures; and the species are renamed, usually with new names, but sometimes 
the old names are retained, as inthe case of the Pear-leaf Blister-mite, which he calls 
Phytoptus pyrt, n. sp. We should thus write yvz, Nalepa, instead of pyrz, Scheuten. 
Dr, Nalepa’s work should be in the hands of every one interested in the Phytoptidz. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331 


~~ = “ ee 


bases of the buds must greatly lessen the vitality of the whole tree. 
When the mites occur as numerously as shown in the figures, they must 
prove a serious pest; and, with our present scanty knowledge of their 
life-history, they will prove a hard foe to combat. So far as we know, 
the mites are securely protected in their gall-homes during the whole 
year. Possibly there may be a few days, when they are leaving their galls 
to form new ones, that they could be hit with an insecticide. It is 
doubtful if kerosene emulsion will penetrate the galls, but it is worthy of 
a trial on a few trees during their dormant period; dilute the emulsion 
with only three or four parts of water, and make it by the Riley-Hubbard 
formula. The only other suggestion I can now make is to prune the 
trees as closely as possible, taking pains to cut out as many gall-bearing 
twigs as practicable, and to burn all prunings. As most of the galls are 
on the twigs, millions of the mites could be destroyed in this way. 


I am indebted to the ‘‘ Rural New Yorker” for the use of the figures 
of this mite and its work. 


PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF SOME MOTHS. 
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL. 


Catocala Minuta, Edw. 


Full-grown larva.—Length about one inch. As in most Catocala 
larvze, seven stripes, the dorsal gray, lilac tinted ; the next blackish-gray, 
paler on the middle of the joints; the next about the same colour, but 
tinted with the reddish-orange that forms the broad bordering lines 
between the stripes ; the next also blackish and below this dull orange. 
The bordering lines on the back whitish, distinct white on the folds ; 
lateral fringe orange tinted. Piliferous spots orange, the posterior pair to 
each joint more prominent than the anterior pair; the anterior pairs on 
joints 6 to 8 paler. The posterior part of joint 9 elevated and white 
between the spots ; back of the elevation, and reaching down to the legs, 
orange tinted black. Head dull lilac-gray, mottled with white, a 
blackish patch above on each side and in front two black spots on each 
side. Venter yellowish-white, with black patches in centre of joints. 


Chrysalis.—Length, .65 inch ; diameter of thorax, .23 inch; tongue- 
and wing-cases extending back to posterior part of 5, the tongue-case as 
far back as the wing-case ; tapering back from 5 ; abdominal joints very 
shallowly punctured, the punctures scarcely perceptible with the lens ; 


532 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


wing-cases much smoother than usual ; cremaster hooks—two large ones 
at the tip of segment, and several small ones from near the -base of these 
and some at a little distance from them. Colour chestnut-brown, covered 
as usual with a white powdery secretion. The puparium a case of 
leaves thinly lined with silk. 

Pupal period, zo days; food plant, Honey Locust. 


Agrotis brocha, Morr. 


Lgg.— Diameter, .o3 inch, height the same ; blunt conical, tapering 
abruptly from near the base to a rounding base ; longitudinally striated, 
30 of these reaching the micropyle, about 60 of these striz in all ; marked 
with cross striz, but these not prominent ; centre of micropyle a round, 
slightly elevated piece. Colour various; some gray, some whitish 
blotched irregularly with red, the blotching being mostly a spot on the 
micropyle and a ring below. Duration of this period, g days. 

Young /arva.—Length, .o7 inch; cylindrical. Colour of body pale 
smoky-white ; head black ; piliferous spots moderate, a white or pale 
hair from each. Duration of this period, 7 days. 

After first moult.—-Length, .15 inch; colour pale greenish-brown; 
head black; piliferous spots small, black ; a small cervical shield. In 
confinement, ate clover and radish leaves.’ 


Apatela spinigera, Guen. 


Mature larva.—Length, 1.20 inch; when crawling, nearly cylindri- 
cal ; with eight rows of tubercles, the lateral ones very smali; the dorsal 
pair on joints 3 to 7 rather large, with the tallest on 3 and gradually 
diminishing back ; joint 12 prominently elevated, the elevation tipped 
with a pair of tubercles, with a pair of small ones in the front part of the 
elevation, each tubercle bearing a single long and several short hairs. © 
Colcur bright green, the lateral tubercles scarcely discolouring the sides, 
slightly yellowish-green ; a dorsal dark reddish-purple stripe that is nearly 
as wide as the head on the anterior part of 2, about half as wide on 3, 
narrow on 4 to 7, expanding in two ellipses on 8 and g, the rest of the 
way narrow. From 2 to back of tubercles on 3 the stripe is bordered 
each side by clear white, coloured a little with green on 8 and 9g, with a 
faint greenish line running through the centre of the stripe. Head rosy- 
red, whitish on the sides, with three more or less complete longi- 
tudinal rows of black spots. Feet and venter green. 

Food plant, apple. Hibernated in the pupa, which was not described. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333 


CURIOUS BEHAVIOUR OF EUDAMUS PYLADES LARVA. 
BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 


When out ona short visit to Ausable Chasm, June 29th to July rst, 
I noticed, on June 3oth, a female of this species ovipositing, and secured 
three eggs. These eggs hatched in due course, one about a day in 
advance of the two others. ‘The first larva was placed on a clover leaf in 
a tin-topped jelly glass, but refused to feed and dried up. I then 
arranged a homeopathic vial of water in a wine glass, with earth to steady 
it, and a few leaves of clover passing through a hole in the cork into the 
water, and placed the two other newly hatched larve upon the leaves. 
One immediately set to work constructing its nest, but the other seemed 
lazy and not inclined to make a nest for itself, or share in the construc- 
tion of the other. The nest was soon complete, and the occupants 
hidden from view. What tragedy took place within that nest I know 
not, but at the first moult only one caterpillar remained, and I thought 
that possibly the energetic one had lost all patience with his lazy brother, 
and had eaten him up. The dates of the first three moults were not 
recorded, but the fourth one occurred on 3rd of August. The caterpillar 
was apparently mature by the r2th or r3th, and had left the food plant 
and spun some silk on the gauze top of the glass cylinder which I had 
placed over the wine glass, stretching several strands of silk from the 
gauze to the glass. I was leaving home on the r4th fcr a holiday at the 
seaside, and as I had a whole menagerie of other larve to take with me, 
and thought that this caterpillar was just going to spin its cocoon, and 
that disturbing it to take it with me would be a mistake, I left it behind. 
On my return, twenty-two days later, I found it apparently in exactly the 
same place as I had left it, though, of course, it may have crawled all 
over the cylinder during my absence, and it was still alive, though some- 
what shrunken from its long fast. I immediately supplied fresh leaves in 
the small vial of water, and, taking the gauze from the top of the cylinder, 
arranged it so that the back of the larva was resting on the clover 
leaves, but it would not feed, and so, after a day ortwo,I replaced - 
the gauze on the cylinder. ‘The caterpillar then crawled down to a posi- 
tion near the base of the cylinder, where it rested for two or three days 
longer, and then was found dead on the window-sill, on which the 
cylinder was standing, having lived without food for fully four weeks in 
warm summer weather, ; 


334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


a Won a a - ee = oe a amcleen i 


ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE U.S. NATIONAL 
MUSEUM. 


The staff of the Department of Insects of the U.S. National Museum 
at Washington has been reorganized, as a result of the sad death of the 
former Honorary Curator, Professor C. V. Riley. © 

The reorganization has been effected by the appointment of Mr. L. 
O. Howard, Entomologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, to the 
position of Honorary Curator of the Department of Insects ; of Mr. Wim. 
H. Ashmead, to the position of Custodian of Hymenoptera; and Mr. D. 
W. Coquillett, to the position of Custodian of Diptera. All museum 
custodians are honorary officers. Mr. M. L. Linell will remain as 
general assistant to the Honorary Curator. 

The Department is at present in excellent working condition. It 
contains a very great amount of material in all orders, and in many 
unusual directions surpasses any collection in the country. Among 
others the following are of especial interest :— 


(1) The large collection, in all orders, of the late Dr. C. V. Riley. 


(2) All of the material gathered during the past eighteen years by — 


correspondents, field agents, and the office staff of the Division of Ento- 
mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

(3) The greater part of the collection of the late Asa Fitch. 

(4) The large collection, in all orders, of the late G. W. Belfrage. 

(5) The collections in Lepidoptera and Coleoptera made by Dr. 
John B. Smith down to 1889, together with the types of the Noctuide 
since described by Dr. Smith. 

(6) The collection of Lepidoptera of the late O. Meske. 

(7) The collection of Lepidoptera of G. Beyer. 

(8) The collection of Coleoptera of M. L. Linell. 

(9) The bulk of the collection, in all orders, of the late H. K. 
Morrison. 

(to) The collection of Diptera of the late Edward Burgess. 


(11) The type collection of Syrphide made by Dr. S. W. Williston. — 


(12) The collection of Ixodide of the late Dr. George Marx. 

(13) The collection of Myriopoda of the late C. H. Bollman. 

(14) Sets of the neotropical collections of Herbert Smith. 

(15) The collection of Hymenoptera of Wm. J. Fox. 

(16) The collection of Tineina of Wm. Beutenmuller. 

(17) The large Japanese collection, in all orders, of Dr. K. Mitsukuri. 


wor. > 
; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oa0 


(18) The African collections, in all orders, of Dr. W. S. Abbott, Wm. 
Astor Chanler, J. F. Brady, the last “ Eclipse” expedition to West 
Africa, and of several missionaries. 

(19) The large collection from South California of D. W. Coquillett, 
in Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, I.epidoptera, and Orthoptera. 

(20) The Townend Glover manuscripts and plates. 

In addition to this material there are minor collections, which have 
been the result of the work of Government expeditions, or are gifts from 
United States Consuls, and many private individuals. 

This enormous mass of material is being cared for by the active and 
honorary force of the Department, and the perpetuity of the collection is 
assured. The National Museum building is fireproof, and this, together 
with the fact that it is a national institution, renders the Department of 
Insects perhaps the best place in the United States for the permanent deposit 
of types by working specialists in entomology, and for the ultimate 
resting-place of large collections made by individuals, 

The policy of the Museum at large, with regard to the use of its 
collections by students, is a broad and liberal one. Students are welcome 
in all departments, and every facility is given to systematists of recog- 
nized standing. 


NOTES ON APHILANTHOPS. 
BY CARL F. BAKER, FORT COLLINS, COLO. 

Within a short time two very interesting species (4-uofatus, Ash., 
and faurulus, Ckll.) have been added to this genus. I have lately 
received another new species from Mr. Chas. Palm, of New York City, 
collected in S. W. Utah, which is even more interesting than the two 
above mentioned. [ describe it herewith : 

Aphilanthops utahensis, n. sp.—Male: Length, 7.5 mm. Rufous ; 
region of ocelli, mesonotum, metapleura, and fifth and sixth abdominal 
segments above, blackish. Markings pale lemon-yellow. Head evenly, 
somewhat sparsely punctate, covered with silvery pubescence, which is 
very dense on the face, extending over the bases of the mandibles in two 
pointed tufts. Clypeus with a yellow spot on either side, the median 
lobe strongly tridentate, the teeth short and blunt. Antenne with scape 
yellow ; flagellum slightly darker above. Thorax coarsely irregularly 
punctured, except on prothorax, scutellum, and postscutellum ; pubes- 
cence most marked on mesopleura and sides of metanotum. Pronotum 
above, tegule and two spots below, scutellum anteriorly, and _post- 


336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 


scutellum, yellow. Wings normal. Fore and middle femora beneath at 
tip, hind femora above at tip, and all the tibie outwardly, yellow. 
Abdomen somewhat more remotely punctured than the head, feebly 
pubescent. Dorsal segments 1-5 with yellow bands; that on third 
interrupted at the middle, the two portions inwardly pointed; that on first 
strongly bent forward. Sixth segment with a median hemispherical 
yellow spot on posterior half. Seventh segment above not characteristic 
in structure. Ventral segments with punctures very coarse and remote ; 
second, third, and fourth, with strong yellow bands, all slightly inter- 
rupted medially. 

Hab.—S. W. Utah. (Chas. Palm.) 

This pretty and very distinct species is as near ¢-wofatus as any of 
the species of Aphil/anthops, though it is as widely separated from all 
others by the tridentate clypeus as is ¢-wotatus by the peculiar structure 
of the last dorsal segment. 

The female of 4¢-zofatus, which has never been described, differs 
most noticeably from the male in size, the length being about 11 mm. 

The North American species of the genus may be separated as 


follows 

Ei niis strongly tridentate ; ground colour eke rufous ; meta- 
thorax without spots. ph : F aA ce ‘utihensia 

Clypeus evenly rounded ; araaee aisay 5a at task hea aad thorax 
black. 


Last dorsal segment rectangular and strongly concave ; clypeus 
margined with yellow ; legs rufous ; metathorax witha yellow 
spot on either side; ground colour of three basal segments of 
abdomen rufous. REESE: : vibe «bats ZOLA 

Last dorsal semen poled ae convex ; ae yellow and 
black ; ground colour of abdomen black. 

Bands of abdomen broad, continuous; clypeus yellow ; 
metathorax with a yellow spot on either side; size 
small . ay ar yagieintiae 

Bands of abdomen, ‘at least the first three, interrupted at 
middle ; size large. 

Clypeus and part of face above yellow; antenne 
mostly rufous ; metathorax with a yellow spot on 
either side. Pee uN . Srigidus. 

Clypeus, fee. a retin black’ eee with- 
OUt SPOtSs neues eos cee taurulius.— 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Bat 


THE LARVA OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SAW-FLIES. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, PH. D., NEW YORK. 


It appears from a reference to the literature, that the larvee of less 
than 25 per cent. of the Tenthredinide listed as inhabiting the north- 
eastern United States and Canada have been described. Of the Western 
species, scarcely half a dozen are known. 

It seems desirable that something should be done to increase interest 
in this neglected subject, and I have thought it well to prepare a synoptic 
table of the larvee already known, to facilitate the recognition of specimens 
and better indicate those as yet undescribed, and therefore needing study. 

In the following table the Western species are excluded. If, by 
good fortune, any student of this group should arise there, he would find 
the field practically clear. 

To the eighty odd species described I have added about forty well- 
marked forms, the diagnoses being taken from my notes on larve not yet 
reared ; but as I intend to determine them as rapidly as possible, I 
have thought it best to include them, indicating them by marks to cor- 
respond with my notes. 

The species of Schizocerus are omitted. S. fumipennis is Califor- 
nian, and the two sweet-potato feeders, S. ebenus and S. privatus, are so 
imperfectly described that I cannot place them. 

I shall be grateful to receive notes of any corrections or additions and 
the names of any of the undetermined forms. 


RECOGNITION TABLE FOR THE KNOWN SAW-FLY LARVA OF THE 
NORTHERN ATLANTIC STATES. 


| Abdominal feet present on joints 6-13; rarely rudimentary or 
hscabsent mleafmining forms: . ..../caseeia tide ce ou dee 2.47: 2 
aa on joints 6-11, either oieaene on joint 13 or Pacinenasey! 
Cocoon compact, dark brown: sane ee ea ey, 

J Feet on joints 6-10, or eee on a II ; cocoon netic, of 

Paewellow? sil .ci cise... Bia On ence eae 
be abdominal feet. A pair an long antenne on Ait head 
and\jointed processes om the last segment 12.0.5 2.6... a. +53 
Beesittine fat on the surface of the leaf; slug-hkewoy: 0.0... 8 
Sitting on the needles of pine.. an eRe ar tat irae 1: 

_ Sitting on the edge of a leaf or cating See. PLoS Sons See BO 
Leaf miners. a a hous) <5 Lec EE ERD fla top: 20d vs Gt ce BO 

3. Shining, fier See. \ o> 8 en name erTeS Sao ke A 2 i Sta) 


Smooth, not wie. ae 51 CE eA OS. 


10. 


Laie 


12. 


14. 


15. 


16. 


rye 


18. 


19. 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Body with ‘rough points or spines 2 rs) 6 ae ee eee kg 


Bodyswith*torked processes: sales! 4.) h SRE eee ee eee 
Large; blackish:(Prunus, ete.) 2.0 Gwe... 2 Aliocampa® cenase. 
Smaller; not/blackish:. . lees wa: NEE Cais etgre ipa e < 
Sides of thorax ‘orange tinted! Gabee etre. 2 8 Loa aeeeereeneentand mene 
Sides -of thorax not. orange’ tintedss. 15. i ../.)2 seed. Stee See 8 
eadeplack. 25). ios cat2. ae re ee 
Pita ale) 1.5255 0. eee Sige eee Monostesit quercus coccinee. 
Ratome: Pale: i. ./i0c. 0 Nau. 5s be eRe ie ose oh ane eae ee 
Headiblack 26 yo. 6k Repos eal ee pay. 3 Ssh Ae eer 
On Quercus, usually gregarious........ .Monostegia qguercus-albe. 
OmsPrunus,, scattered «ise. Spee angie. 8s) oa) Aalders 
ead: more-or less black 5.2 51-27. coe Litas, m+, Cesta et ee 
Head pale.. sa Se Ea SIBREE ats /a jos SRS Ot any Cain een 
Body high, unten ene ci aah Seal bvapabee ah! as, tutta Ps ke era akc neg nee 
Bly sledden' Gs areunieee Heth ceemeheane 03! ! a ie 
White and yellow ; on Fraxinus...... “Mosh haloes heres 
Gray and yellow, spotted with bigeie oe on 1 Palyeanaient (Solomon’s 

seal yetiduiw din hele ie ieee Shek isu 2s BR ent nena 
With slight angles or esc points on joint 2; a faint blackish 

band ; on Betula. Be werevece.. Laxonus multicolor. 
Smooth, waxy white ; on ‘Epiloonine: oR ASS aE ee Sere ae 
Yellowish, faaeineuteen ; om Rosai ris 1) ieee ease: 


With a pruniose coating ; on Alnus.......... Poecilosoma inferentia. 


Head pointed; on Betula, etc., etc....... Strongylogaster pinguts. 
Head-round ; on Spitea.c:) Ge ies. ...a .. Dlenmasemped spec 
Head black ;'on Vitis:¢: 2c ee wa). .-c,- - LIL MOCU IDE Domne ie 
Head green ; on Rubus, 22... o tenes « «0's.> ce» ie AED MODACLITIES METER ES 
itead black’ spotted ;-on OQuercisec... . sicmate ae nase ony 
Cen 2 Oe =) Nae Panes ravens 
Dorsum purplish . siaiee a Dp a> » b 3 as we AC DRO DRE EmER OLE 
Without spots ; neal peers on Abies.......:....Lopuyrus abit: 
Similar (?) to the piseeteee SUOMBEADIES, 5 os Lophyrus pint-rigide** 
With angular black spots........ : edt afta keen 


Head black, no subventral Gee: on Peis sont: iapaens Abbotit. 


*My notes are indicated by a combination of numbers and letters, 
+Described as Llennocampa bipartita, 
**Tnsufficiently described. 


, 


20. 


21. 


22. 


23. 


24. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Or 


Head red, small subventral black spots ; on Pinus 


rigida. . aig i. +) ee .. Lophyrus Lecontei. 
Similar (?) to a phoeeain Wek Gea yore us pinetum** 
Feeding. on grass and grain (Poa, ete;)iionn. vee See eee oe 20 
Feeding on ferns (Pteris, Onoclea, enon MARES 3 ett iat si hsonant are the 22 
Not feedin=,on, theses plants ...<./d.. wale etaaiestikokele) sistas bas 5.25 
Ochreous, immaculate. 1 AE ae sal oouls. Bee ao ie 
Gray dorsally, white sabweitrallyes Mees ARCA. EDs gee 
Green, a black Boidoues head... aan MMe Wise data ae 
A row of subventral orange spots.. ..... Stre on et eee luctuosus. 
No orange, but head black Bae. .. Strongylogaster annulosus} > 
Immaculate greens) 8)... 6... . Strongylogaster sor ey 
On Onoclea ; head and al segment ebiack spotted.. MERE he. 
Woollyawhitesenay: or blackish). crc waneametstele o-) eial Jo nore eos aA 
Green, yellowishior colourless. « \_7MMAWabaa kde bolas wide atk oe 2G 
Large, greenish white, somewhat granular— 

Anplack*Gorsal ‘stripe. './ccepeentlaxis: Cimbex americana. 
No dorsalestripe . . ./:/\va cbeeenens Trichiosoma triangulum. 

With long dense white wool in flattened masses ; on 

Canvas iit Wyiea's big. 84. aes re OOP G Ares. Car ye: 
Woolly white ; on Cornus ................. Harpiphorus tarsatus. 
White, downy ; on Polygonum............... Hmphytus testaceus. 
Immaculate with white bloom ; on Diervilla..................gf 
Dorsum gray, pruinose, a black patch on head ; on Corylus....57. 
White pruinose, a black band on head, a row of lateral black dots ; 

on Sambucus. . shy er ._Macrophya tibiator. 
White with slight Bloom ad Shee ‘black Eves. on 

BUBUS: o0) aie gee a 54 5 4s ERROR OR OMA LORI DET BP tCaarS: 
Blackish-gray ; on ala . enone Lamp hytus. Canadensis. 
Olivaceous-blackish ; on a ‘ * perch ” on Quercus, young leaves. .../% 
Leaden-gray, pruinose with black dots ; on Cephalanthus...... Ge 


Gray with orange and black spots ; on Lonicera (honeysuckle). 2/'° 
Dorsum olivaceous-black with gray squares, subventer yellow; on 
ROMS spas t ci) .!,- 5° «PSR RMEMEMMUMB AMBER cs caihL goa ye (sce ass olen [act m0 OOO 


**Tnsufficiently Hekcabed! 

+Five larvae of Dolerus spp. similar to this are described, but not identified. 
++These names may require to be transposed. 

*Described by Norton as Hy/otoma McLeayz, 


340 


26. 


27. 


28. 


20. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Greenish-ochre, a black subdorsal line ; on 


PNPM Gi escape os tees eeess.-Hemichroa americana. 
Bluish-green, zriotted aqith: yallow and eee on 

honeysuckle=........552 22 bs be se ale, LOMED UYplara. 
Whitish, faintly orange panniene on Peano Lay) aoa Ie eee OM 
Like the preceding, but also black spotted .........5 0.057. 6L. 


Green or colourless, often with minute white or black points— 
On Rumex ; dorsum green with dark longitudinal 


shades... ss. . + ws > wppeeinela n= - OCT ONL PLO SASTERIAU ROT ITS: 
On Rosa; green. = oe 3 oes .. Emphytus cinctipes. 
On Betula ; eibdercal yellow as Pmiics Tenthredo Cressoni. 
On Spirea ; a yellow subdorsal fat-line, no white points .. ..5 7: 
On Viburnum ; with minute black points................6C. 
On Ilex; colourless, whitish . Evan (ty aed 2 5ORE 


On Fragaria (strawberry) ; Weed beainaquiares Socosivin ignota. 
Like the preceding, but the head black 


Spotted... we heed aoe ple sale es) nn LL AEP EP ONES MUOCULALIES. 

Mining in‘léaves of Alpus ic 5. Ace ats is als no CSE DALEDES- 
Mining in leaves-of Quereus 2. 2%) nha e. 2s. 6 a we ee PCMUSE CUFT: 
Sitting flat on the surface of a leaf or curled spirally............. 28 
Sittme on the’ edge vof,.a leat sycbs oan sts wae che eee nM Lane Beas 
Rorming galls on Salix zs Ss 2 ieee ols 2. iueter ey anal enneneet 
With stiff white hairs. . + aalis Rep URE Ut Dias tals anise ae na 
With pilose coating . Pon GUE ee Sareea 
Pale, with large leveled aubveauel black parehiess ON Salix... ye 
Smooth, greenish . pe wets sea a Ak a yac ala oe an eRe he er 
Colourless, the Homa feet amnaile 2g CRNA RU eon 
Bei ilate black. ¢ 2.52 Sis | ReReP ten se 
imalvlate yellow ::. oy. cei unemieetene « | LOAGEEEE whe Sr eger tits 
Trichiocampus viminalis. 

Porsum olivaceous-black .... 2. vik 2)... 5. os Cladigs soltlarms: 
Immaculate green ; on Rosa................Cladius pectinicornis. 
With white ad-dorsal and stigmatal lines ; on Salix............gZ. 
Slightly pruinose ; on Amelanchier and Prunus... Vematus thoracicus. 
With subdorsal green fat-granules ; on Betula....Mematus unicolor. 
Curls spirally ; on Populus.. re : setter 3 hasyoe eee 


Head pale ; on the young ieanee of Ousis: wae ees dor ale 


Head black ; on the young leaves of Carya ...............- 6U, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341 


oo 


35: 


36. 


= 


38. 


40. 


Bt. 


ieAtveareenyORpreenisii. . 1: . slo. eee wale ans oe hk ks PSY 
ELCAONILOW DIS ato sh oees.. : ..) 3 2. at See oe ee feel). 38 
Fisade vinous DigGkisi. .s-. <2... 1a Re eee tans, Serie fh 39 
Peach Dlacks 25 52/5: PI aie ie oc eo SA Ee ERE 12) 
Body with subdorsal fat. farce: teeeeese.. LMematus pinguidorsum. 
Body dotted with black.....................lVematus trilineatus* 
acy avi iaehinbesne yn Ss. ict fe ee oT S ce a te are 
POM MMO IDES, STEEN .’.,.. .\, ad aeemamene eek eMail ele) oh5 58 86 
Benesestraiont,.ausky. shaded . . «pao nes oie akc evo. 
A distinct white subdorsal line ; on Salix.............. ea Ye 
Dorsal vessel a double line ; on Betula, etc... .. eC oreeediepa bas 
A white stigmatal line— 

On Poa, ete ea ty eh... si ee Wematus marylandicgs. 

Oamaibiesete thts) sc... s,s eens VO MarES Inteer. 

OoeVacciniuiise es ce ee Viphorn identidem** 
Oa wribes:(f00seberry)" >: 2+". eae Boe boainn grossularie. 
Se Deu Amiersse eee a... ss ove J oy ROR Nematus lateralis. 
ChIP NOMI he iat tg cx tores ns ss « ss eS ( I ches gas 

LNematus robinie. 

On Populus and/Salix .:....... «Raa BR See ON 
On Prunus, eating a curious sinuate “hale hea WOUND ee te ee. SEG 
OnjrAvzalea, disappearing: early in the;seasome,’...5.-. fon fa Sask 
With black lines on the head ; on Salix.......... Nematus mendicus. 
Without black lines on the head ; larger ; on 

HE EVM S atest ca a's”. a! Sw «eg ane Nematus dorsivittatus. 
On Alnus; green, with blackish shades..... ._Nematus Marlattii. 
On Larix ; green with more opaque bands. singers <3 PPO): 


On Pranis etc.; vinous with obliquely cut hie fat- marches aaegZe 
On Carex ee the top of Mt. ae pinkish with white 


Dans .ioced one) sts ae Ny yas Ho W & 
On Alnus ; not piieiihes -green "shaded aonenetts et Niviatus hibeatin gum. 
On Betula ; ; with slight metallic-green shades. Mematus latifasciatus. 
Noppiaeketuperclescan the body. . “ce oeiieees sare. ac lctstew oa eT 
place tiloercles present. 0). ./.. . ... paar ans Beratagtete gs 4 
Withelateray- yellow: spots... ..... Poh evoaees fate 42 
Olivaceous, paler subventrally ; on Larix...... Wematu’ Er chante 


*Colour of head not stated in the description, hence this position may be erroneous, 
**Position of the pale line not stated, 


7 


342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 
Honey-yellow and black; on Betula............Cresus latitarsus. 
Honey-brown and leaden-black; on Corylus and Alnus. Vematus coryli. 
42. Green with black spots ; on Populus....Mematus Hudsonii-magnus. 
AU Dlacks on Salix... .. . ic. S.iasmeieiw ie sis.+-n alse « LVCUOLLLS CHEM Pane 
A3-> the tubercles minute dorsally 22 2). ; EEE RE Gd oh 
The tubercles of nearly equal size ; body nlge green ; on 
PRUDOS oS. on. eco laee 1s ie pee Eo eo Lodo opel ROSNY el Oo 
44. ‘‘ Black spotted”. oud na elaivibae pt. os «LVeMnatReSs pal/umegEnt rise 
A row of snbearsel Higa sweie ties... Mematus salicis-odoratus. 
No subdorsal black spots..................Vematus brunneus ** 
ager formed .in ‘the Stem wrbud dey. vac! i012 lee eee ee 46 
Gall formed in the leaf.. ee RUPEES SAE Sas 
46. A lateral bud enlarged Bator it beans to ene in 
spring. Aoi weeeeeeee Huura salicis-orbitalis. 
A round anit cAeltine lengthwise on the side of small 
EWAGS sae) 3 scouts ahh Se Ste arene eo eerd ee Luura salicis-ovum. 
A gradual eeateeaen of the twig, five-fourths to twice its normal 
diameter. ahs j digo sere eines LEOMETG (SC LICES- IG te 


47. Fleshy, betes te ‘ie shane = a ee ic an 
orange, evenly divided between the two 


surfaces of the leaf. . Breed .Lematus salicis-desmodioides. 
Fleshy, globular, sessile, tee a miniature uae 4.5 
ef el o Ramen oe Since .LNematus salicis-pomum. 
Subspherical, hollow, growing Siac a Bae vein, .2-.3 
INCH... yced ele) hee ee eet se eee Nematus salicis-pisum. 
48. Tubercles in a square above the spiracles, more or less distinct ..49 
A single large subdorsal black tubercle ; on Rhus copallina......Z. 
Ag. .body with a pale ‘subdorsal ines’... s.'/) sa2 aoe ee 
Body not lined.. : 4 i Man A ie 3 .5 
50. Head black or foal on ‘Satis See rst Behe vicar 
Head pale with a vertieal dark com bore te "pipioets virescens (2L). 
| Hylotoma pectoralis. 
51. Head red ; spots distinct; on Betula.... . ‘] flylotoma scapularis. 
\Hylotoma caeruleus. 
ERGODIC «oo. 5 ss save seni eee ionaay = ae 525 
52°) Spars alistnct >on ‘Prunus: Wore =~ eae Miraye (S). 
Spots pale, often dark ringed ; on Olepeas COCtineR..'. . . mee 


*Description imperfect. Possibly not different from the following. 
**Described as WV. monochroma. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343 


53. Head dark. 30 SAC ERR eo) Co.) OS Ein Pie Ror PRL | 
Head testaceous or Af ee ciah Rese cece Me ciate Seas groa 18 66h 
54. Head black, body orange Gated: on prin Wien atl ehh. Cp 
Head black, body dull Age green: > Of Ae set Lack.; Lov 3577 
Head dark brown, body pale reddish-brown ; on 
Abies. ~ 66 . sjimielsvele RE ay ee AS 36 
Head pale teach mich a black « spot hetpeee antenne ; on 
Pinus. eee Vs Ree Patek, Mp 8 
55: Peatinintes- noe Wack spotted .. fC 21h hs Licihe Jeo eos SO 
Anal plates with black miele FR EIEIO oth So te 4) ooo 
SOE GNSH Ga) q'3 CUPRA Bie sae aR Sch eh aa anee ae eata. 
Dyas Spr ec ep ae ca eso Sa OB. 
On Amelanchier.. NOMENA ASS oo eae aes 
On Pinus strobus . Nr 1) cig wane No. 33 
57: “Antenne all eile on Same Be Seer Rh cys gre yi enayd OS, a 
Antenne black Hinged on Betula. Seas St ERS NAN cope 


I add descriptions of two species which are here referred to for the 
first time. 

Fenusa curtus, Norton. 

Mines on the upper side of the leaves of Quercus macrocarpa, the 
mature mines about 50 x 10 or 30 x t5 mm. ‘The larva has six stages 
with widths of head .3, .4, .6, .75, t.0, and r.o mm. The early stages are 
very similar to the fifth. 


Fifth stage.—Head very flat, the lobes rounded with the ocellus on 
the dorsal aspect; mouth projecting in front; shining pale brown, 
shading into dark brown on the sides of lobes and mouth; eye black ; 
width, 1 mm. Body much flattened, rounded posteriorly, the segments of 
nearly equal width, joint 13 divided by a distinct incisure, the posterior 
part only half as wide as the anterior; a rounded subventral ridge. 
Thoracic feet small, black, almost lateral in position, unused ; abdominal, 
none. A large brown-black cervical shield on joint 2 dorsally anda 
similar one ventrally between the thoracic feet of joint 2, large, quadrate, 
brown, bordered with black posteriorly. Colour slightly shining sordid 


+Supposed by Prof. Riley to be Lyda fasctata ; not bred. 
+tNo. 35 of spruce insects in Packard’s 5th report U. S. Entom. Commission. I 
have included Dr. Packard’s undetermined saw-fly larvze henhy in the case of Lyda, 
which is such a well-marked genus. 


344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


greenish-white ; length, 5 mm. The larva is not transparent, rather 
grayish. The cast skins are light cinereous and may all be found in the 
mine intact, thick and opaque. 

Sixth stage-—On assuming this stage, the larve burst through the 
upper skin of the mine and fall to the ground, where they enter the earth. 

Head more rounded than before, the mouth scarcely projecting. 
Pale watery-yellowish, the eye concolorous ; width,: mm. Subventral 
ridge prominent, undulate. Thoracic feet concolorous, scarcely dis- 
tinguishable. Body translucent-white with a yellow tint, becoming darker 
or ochreous on the thoracic segments. 

Larve from Plattsburg, N. Y. 


Hylotoma virescens, Klug. 


I have recently described this larva under the name Ay/otoma 
McLeayi (21). The male flies sent to Mr. Marlatt were positively deter- 
mined as W/cLeay7, confirming my own determination. However, some 
female flies, subsequently emerged, seem not to differ from my specimens 
named clavicornis, in which the posterior half of the abdomen is black. 
But, as the larve are quite different, I would suggest to revive the 
name virescens, Klug., from the synonymy for them. Food plants: 
Betula, Salix, Amelanchier, Pyrus (choke-berry and mountain ash) 
and Fragaria (strawberry). 

L[Tylotoma, sp. 

The larvee marked 2B have been bred, but only males so far. Con- 
sequently I hesitate to apply a name to them. 
fylotoma clavicornis, Fabr. 


Leggs (deposited by a fly with abdomen all reddish).—Laid in the 
edge of a leaf of Salix in the usual manner. The young larve are paler 
than the mature ones and very faintly marked. Gradually they assume 
the mature characters. 


Mature /arva.—Head rounded, full at the vertex, the sutures 
obscured, shining black or light red or intermediate, a little paler around 
the mouth; width, 1.8 mm. Thoracic feet’ very large, spreading; 
abdominal small, on joints 6-11 and 13, a spot on joint 13 representing 
the foot there, the posterior feet the smaller. On the body are nine 
black tubercles in a square, the middle anterior one a little out of line, 
the anterior row smaller, confused on the thoracic segments. Some small 
spots in a row ventrally and one behind the spiracle.. Subventral ridge 
with a large black spot and on some segments with two or more small 
ones. Sete minute, black. Body greenish-yellow, with a whitish tint, 
more green dorsally ; a whitish subdorsal line between tubercles 1 and 2. 
Thoracic feet except at joints and abdominal ones outwardly black ; anal 
feet yellow. 

Larve from Plattsburg, N. Y., and Jefferson, N. H. 

The larvee of c/avicornis are frequently gregarious, whereas those of 
virescens are almost always found singly. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345 


TWO NEW CROCOTAS FOUND IN WESTERN 
- PENNSYLVANIA. 


BY GEORGE A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURG, PENN. 


Crocota rubricosta, 0. sp.— 2. Antenne and eyes black ; palpi and 
prothorax reddish-brown ; head a little lighter than the prothorax ; thorax 
dark brown, almost black ; abdomen dark brown, tipped anally with red. 
Under side of abdomen and thorax, including the legs, light reddish- 
brown. 

Primaries: Upper side obscured with dark velvety-brown, slightly 
tinted, or dusted, with red on the costa. Secondaries: Dark brown, 
almost black, with a large red elongate spot on the costa—hence the 
name rubricosta. 

Under side of primaries light brown; costa fiery red; the inner 
marginal area is also heavily dusted with red. Under side of secondaries 
fiery red, shaded along the anal margin with dark brown; the limbal 
space has a brown angulated bar, beginning at the discal cell and 
widening outwardly ; discal spot dark brown, almost black ; fringes dark 
brown. Exp., one inch and three-eighths. Hab.—Jeanette, Pa. 

Since drawing up the above description I have been so fortunate as 
to secure a male in the same locality. The female was taken while 
beating a Hawthorn for beetles, while the male was captured around an 
electric light. The male corresponds with the description given of the 
female in every respect, except that the shade of the ground colour is a 
little lighter on both surfaces, and the discal spot is present on the 
primaries as well as on the secondaries. The species bears more 
resemblance to C. ope//a, Grote, than to any other North American 
species that I am acquainted with, but the description that-I have given 
will show in what respects it differs. 

Crocota belmaria, n. sp.— ¢. The whole upper surface is obscured 
with pale slaty-brown, almost of a greyish-mouse colour ; the under side is 
much lighter, almost buff, including the legs. 9. The upper surface is a 
little darker than in the ¢, and without any shading; the under side is a 
little ighter than the upper, but not as light as in the ¢; the costa of the 
primaries has a slight shading of red. Exp.—¢, 1% inch.; 9, 14 inch. 
Hab.—Pittsburg, Pa. 

I know of no North American species with which I can compare C. 
belmaria; it is the most peculiar species of this genus that I have yet 
met with. 


346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


as 


THE LIFE-HISTORY OF PAMPHILA MANITOBA, SCUDDER. 
BY REY. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC. 


I think that I am the first man who has witnessed the hatching of 
the eggs of Pamphila Manitoba. I take pleasure in the belief; and I 
am glad to add another chapter to the history of our North American 
Rhopalocera. 

“Pamphila Manitoba is a sub-Arctic species. ‘The first specimens 
taken in the neighbourhood of Quebec were captured by Mr. Hanham and. 
myself in September, 1892 (See 23rd Rep. Ent. Soc., Ont., p. 31). The 
species had, in previous years, been taken at Riviére-du-Loup ex das, 
Cacouna, Metis, and Gaspé (See Mr. H. H. Lyman’s article, 22nd Rep. 
Ent. Soc. of Ont., p. 27). In 1893, it appeared at Quebec on the 5th of 
August, and this year a specimen left the chrysalis, in my house, on the 
21st of July. It would seem as if change of climate and locality were 
bringing forward the insect’s time of appearance. 

In the first week of August, 1894, I confined two or three impreg- 
nated females of the species, in a gauze cage, over a pot of lawn-grass. 
I obtained eggs from them on the 8th of the month. The eggs were laid 
dispersedly on the blades of grass and on the gauze cover. On the 
approach of winter I sank the pot to the rim in a flower-bed in my. 
garden, leaving the grass and cover with their precious burden untouched. 
In the course of the winter the snow accumulated above them till it was 
six feet deep. 

As soon as the gauze covering showed itself in the spring, I dug up 
the pot and carried it into my study, and then carefully removed the por- 
tions of grass, etc., on which the eggs appeared—placing them in a 
perforated cardboard box with a glass cover, which I set upon my study 
table. The eggs, therefore, were after that time constantly under my 
observation. ; 

On the 20th of April I noticed a minute dot on the very summit of 
one of the eggs. I brought a magnifying glass to bear upon it, and found 
that the enclosed larva was biting its way to liberty ; the black head of — 
the creature was showing through the opening that it had made. I could 
detect the motion of its jaws as it enlarged the orifice. It continued the 
operation at intervals through the day and following night, and next 
morning, having bitten the shell down till it resembled the walls of a game 
pie, it crawled out. It left no debris; it had simply made a meal of the 
upper crust of its shell. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347 


In the course of two days and nights sixteen larve had thus set them- 
selves free. As each left the egg I took it up with a moistened camel’s- 
hair pencil, and placed it on a tuft of timothy (Phlewm pratense, L.) that 
I had rooted in a small bottle of mud, and soon I had the satisfaction of 
seeing the young stock begin to feed. 


The fifth day seemed to be a critical period for the larvze, and I lost 
several. Why this was I cannot tell. I could detect no signs of a moult. 
Becoming alarmed, I divided my brood, placing half out of doors on an 
isolated patch of grass, which I protected with a wire dish-cover. ‘This 
provision proved a failure, for a small ground-beetle found its way to the 
larvee, and devoured them. I adopted every precaution I could think of 
to save the six specimens I had left. I was careful to have healthy grow- 
ing plants of grass always ready for them. I covered them with a glass 
shade to protect them from sudden changes of temperature. Whenever 
a mild rain fell I let them have for a few moments the benefit of the 
shower, and I kept them where they would have plenty of light without 
being exposed to the extreme heat of the sun. These precautions were 
crowned with success. I brought several of the larve to their full growth, 
and eventually I had the satisfaction of seeing the perfect insect burst 
from its chrysalis. The following is a detailed account of the insect in its 
different stages :— 


Newly-laid Egg.—Nearly one-twentieth of an inch in diameter at the 
base. The shape of a gumdrop—flat at the bottom and rounded above. 
Snow-white, and in some lights irrorated with red, blue, and green. 


Ligg in the Spring.—Somewhat shrunken—one twenty-fourth of an 
inch in diameter. Dull white. Surface rough, and slightly indented. 
Hatched April 2oth. 


Note.—P. Manitoba spends eight months, or two-thirds of its 
existence, in the egg. } 


Newly-hatched Larva.—Length, one-tenth of an inch. Head large, 
round, jet-black, shining, has an indented line down the middle, and a 
few whitish bristles scattered over the face. Plate or collar on the 
second segment glossy black. First pair of legs black. Colour of body, 
that of yellow wax, marked at wide intervals with round brownish spots. 
The second and third pairs of true legs and the pro-legs, the same 
colour as the body. The creature spun a slight web for a rest, something 


348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


z | 
after the plan of P. ¢urnus, and, on the 5th of May, it drew the edges of 
the blade of grass together, and spun a light web about itself. It 
moulted on the 8th of May. 


Larva—Second stage.—Length after moult, three-twentieths of an 
inch. Head and collar black as before. Colour of the rest of the body 
pale waxen-yellow. The spots have developed into warts, and the body 
is dotted over with short black spines. 


In this stage the larva made for itself a retreat by gathering several 
blades of grass together, and fastening them with a beautifully reticulated 
web, the meshes of which were as perfect as those of a cabbage-net. A 
funnel-shaped opening allowed the larva to protrude as much of its body as 
it deemed safe, to enable it to feed. In feeding, it bit from the blades till 
semicircular gaps were formed, this : —=~——. It moulted May 21st. The 
skin of its. head came away complete, like a helmet; the larva 
apparently having withdrawn its head from the neck opening. 


Larva—Third stage-—Length, four-tenths of an inch. Head and 
collar jet-black as before; the former indented. Colour of body, pale 
grass-green. The larva in this stage is thickly set with black spines or 
processes. On the third and fourth segments, above the second and third 
pairs of legs, are, on either side, twin dark brown warts, one above the 
other and near together—thus (:). Over the last pair of pro-legs is a 
large and conspicuous wart of the same nature, and on each of the other 
segments are three smaller warts, one above another at wide intervals. 
Above the claspers are a number of bristles. The larva moulted on the 
2nd of June. The head-case came away as before. 


Larva—Fourth stage.—Length after moult, seven-tenths of .an inch, 
Head deeply indented, black, with two dull yellow stripes extending 
down the face. Body dull greenish-yellow, very thickly set with black 
processes and brownish warts, giving the effect of a dull grass-green. The 
large wart above the hindmost pro-leg, on either side, larger and more 
conspicuous than before. 


On the 12th of June the larva became quiescent, resting in its nest. 
On the 13th I noticed that the skin had parted at the neck, and that the 
creature was withdrawing its head (which was white and resembled parch- 
ment) from its old case. The process was not completed till 10 o’clock 
a, m, of the next day. Then the head rapidly darkened to black, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349 


Larva—fifth stage.—Head as before. Body of a dark sage-green, 
approaching to brown, and thickly set with minute black warty processes. 
A dark dorsal line and an indistinct spiracular line (of a lighter tint than 
the body colour) mark the larva in this stage. The spiracles are black, 
and the fore legs black; the pro-legs are of the colour of the body, 
Between the roth and rrth and the 11th and r2th segments, on both sides 
at the bottom, are conspicuous white patches (or breaks in the skin), the 
nature of which I do not understand. ‘he larva attained its greatest size 
on the 24th of June. It was then an inch and two-tenths long. It con- 
tinued to feed till the end of the month. It then became restless, and 
shrank up considerably. On the 3rd of July it fixed upon a place for its 
nest. It gathered the surrounding blades of grass together and bound 
them with a net-work of silk, in which were flakes of whitish scurf 
[Query.—Did these come from the white side patches?]. It changed to 
the pupa on the 6th oi July. Its head-case and skin came off together 
and fell to the bottom of the nest. 


Chrysalis seven-tenths of an inch long. Head-cover and wing-cases 
mouse-colour. Abdomen dull yellow, with a tinge of blue above. The 
Imago appeared on the 21st of July—the chrysalis case having opened 
from the back of the head to the back of the thorax to allow of its escape. 


Imago $.—Expanse of wings 1.6 inches; length of body .6 
inch. Basal half of the primaries, ochre-yellow ; outer half, brown. 
Near the apex is a broken curve of ochreous dots. In the centre of the 
wing is a long metallic dash ina dark brown setting ; fringes brown. 
The secondaries are brown with ochreous spots and dashes ; fringes gray. 
Underneath the primaries are paler than above, and the secondaries are 
sage-green with small white lunettes edged on the inner side with brown, 
and arranged in a double curve. 


Imago @.—Somewhat more robust in form than the male, and 
deeper in colour—the brown prevailing. Instead of the metallic dash 
there is merely a brown patch in the middle of the fore wing. The 
ochreous spots on the upper side of the secondaries are more conspicuous 
than in the male. 


The perfect insect frequents the flower-heads of Sodidago lanceolata, 
L., and has a bold and rapid flight. Last season I did not see a single 
specimen at large. 


350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


NOTE ON THE SETA OF THE LARVA OF THYATIRIDZ:; 
AND A CORRECTION. 


Recently I have examined the larvee of some European Thyatiride, 
and find the sete arranged exactly as in our species. [See Proc. Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist., 1894, p. 399.] The supplementary seta behind iii. varies 
a little in position, but is uniformly present. The species examined are > 
Habrosyne derasa, Thyatira batis, Bombycia or, B. duplaris, Asphalia 
ruficollis, and A. fluctuosa. A correction must be made in my descrip- 
tion just referred to (pp. ‘400-401). The species there described in all 
its stages as “ Thyatira scripta” is really Pseudothyatira expultrix. 
The following list may straighten out the matter :— 


flabrosyne scripta. 

1883. Thaxter, Papilio III., ro. Describes egg and sixth stage. 
Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides. 

1863. Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., 11, 124. Sixth stage, 

1883. Thaxter, Papilio III., 10. Sixth stage. 

1895. Dyar, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXVI., 400. Egg, all 
stages (as Zhyatira scripta). 
Luthyatira pudens. 

1889. Dyar, Can. Ent., XXL, 209. Mature larva. 

Thus, the larve of only thirty-three per cent. of our species of 
Thyatiride are known. This is a poor showing for such a small family, 
Of the Notodontidz fully sixty-six per cent. are known. 


HARRISON G. Dyar. 


A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES IN THE APHELININ. 
BY L. 0. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


I recently received from Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces, New 
Mexico, a minute parasite of a Ceroplastes on Luphorbia hypericifolia 
from the Red Hill district of Jamaica, which was transmitted to him by 
Dr. M. Grabham. Both genus and species prove to be new, and are 
printed separately, partly for the reason that my revision of the Aphelininz 
of North America has recently been published and I do not expect to do 
any extensive work on the subfamily again for some time, and partly for 
the reason that Mr. Cockerell wishes to use the names in the Journal of 
the Institute of Jamaica. ‘The description follows : 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. or 


Aneristus, n. gen. 

Resembles Coccophagus. Flagellum of antenna strongly flattened. 
Scape short, inserted just above the mouth and reaching to middle of 
face ; pedicel short, triangular, as long as broad. Funicle joint 1 twice 
as long as pedicel, somewhat longer than broad. Funicle joints 2 and 3 
each shorter than 1, and 3 shorter than 2; each about as broad as is 
joint r at tip. Club distinctly 3-jointed, a little broader than funicle 
joint 3; joints 1 and 2 of club subequal in length and each as long as 
funicle joint 3. Joint 3 of club about as long as 2, somewhat narrower 
at base than 2, pointed at tip. In other respects resembles Coccophagus, 
except that the hind tibiz are considerably flattened and have a row of 
short stiff bristles above. Middle tibial spur long and slender, nearly as 
long as first tarsal joint. 

Aneristus ceroplasta, n. sp. 

Female.— Length, .8 mm.; expanse, 1.6 mm.; greatest width of fore 
wing, .27 mm. Mesonotum finely and closely shagreened, with sparse, 
rather long, dark pile: eyes hairy. Colour black, slightly shining, all coxze 
and femora black ; front and middle tibiz and all tarsi pallid ; hind tibi 
black. Wings with a very large discal infuscated patch, covering nearly 
half the wing area. 

Described from two specimens reared by T. D. A. Cockerell from 
Ceroplastes on Euphorbia hypericifolia from Jamaica. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

Sztr,—On looking over my paper in the CanapIAN Enromococist, I 
note one or two unfortunate errors. Page 313, lines 8 and to, read C. 
helloides and P. tharos in lieu of “ Epixanthe” and “ Pratensis.” The 
specimens that I thought to be “ epixanthe” and “ pratensis” respect- 
ively were determined by Mr. Fletcher to be only varieties of ‘ helloides ” 
and “tharos,” and the error in my paper seems to have escaped notice 
and correction. I may here mention that this spring I took several 


specimens of Zycena sepiolus, which has hitherto appeared rather scarce 
in this neighbourhood. This last season has been the worst, from an 
entomological point of view, I have had since I came to the country. I 
have never seen so few insects, either Diurni or Noctue; and even the 
number of mosquitoes was considerably diminished. During May and 
the early part of June we had constantly frost at night, which seemed to 
do great damage to insect life. 


E. F. Heatu, The Hermitage, Cartwright, Man, 


352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


BOOK NOTICE. 


Tue Narurat History oF Aquatic Insects, by Professor L. C. Miall,— 
¥. R. S. London and New York. Macmillan & Co. (66 Fifth 
Avenue, N. Y.) Price, $1.75. _ Pp.'395. 

This interesting work is intended, as the author states, “to help 
those Naturalists who take delight in observing the structure and habits 
of living animals,” and also to revive an interest in the writings of some 
of the old Zoologists who did notable work in their day, but who are now 
almost forgotten, namely: Lyonnet, Reaumur, Swammerdam and De 
Geer, of whose lives and work he gives a short account. 

To any lover of Nature, who wishes to look into the lives and doings 
of living creatures and to investigate their structure and appliances for 
carrying on the business of their lives, this book will prove a very great 
help as well as an unfailing pleasure, and it ought to lead many a reader 
to explore for himself the ponds and pools in his own neighbourhood, 
which teem with insect life. The different groups of insects that live in 
the water in their larval or perfect states are treated of in turn: water 
beetles and the larve of many flies, the caterpillars of some moths, caddis 
worms, May-flies, Alder-flies (Sza/ide), stoneflies (Per/zde), Dragon-flies, 
pond-skaters, water-boatmen, etc. The very names of these insects bring ~ 
to mind what one cannot fail to have seen and watched and wondered 
over. To have many of these wonders explained and described, and to 
have the insects themselves depicted and the peculiarities of their 
structure made clear by excellent wood-cuts, is what we owe to the 
author of this book, and we hope that many will turn to its pages with 
profit and delight. It isa handsome volume, with clear, large type and 
a number of very good ulustrations. 


THE First ANNUAL Report of the Entomological Society of 
’ Ontario, 1870 (published early in 1871), has just been reprinted verbatim 
by the Department of Agriculture for Ontario. It was thought best to _ 
reissue the volume without any alterations or attempt to bring it down to 
date, as it is chiefly wanted for completing sets in libraries and private 
collections. That there should be a demand for a work of this kind 
nearly a quarter of a century after its first publication is a somewhat 
remarkable event. Copies may be obtained by applying to Mr. J. A. 
Moffat, Victoria Hall, London, Ontario. ; 


Mailed December 9th, 1895. 


3 eh en 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVIL- 


Acilius, table of species, 151. 
Acordulecera dorsalis, 208, 
Acridium Americanum, 52. 
Acronycta, Butler on the genus, 180, 
Actias luna, 32, 
Address, changes of, 116, 300. 
tgiale Strecker?, n. sp., 179. 
Agabetes acuductus, 119. 
Agabus, table of species, 119. 
Agrotis brocha, preparatory stages of, 332. 
herilis, 301. 

‘¢  jaculifera, 301. 

murenula, 307, 

** subgothica, 301. 

tricosa, 301, 
Se Miniticl, 200. 

Alberta, spring collecting in, 176. 

Alypia Langtonii, preparatory stages of, 
278. 

Alypia mariposa, larva of, 31. 

** octomaculata, 31, 278. 
Amblynotus Iowensis, 68. 
American Spiders and 

Work : McCook, 85. 
Anacrabro boerhavie, n. sp., 308. 

me ocellatus, 309. 
Aneristus, n. gen., 351. 

ce ceroplasté, Nn. sp., 351. 
Anisomorpha, species of, 30. 
Apatela spinigera, larva of, 332. 

** the generic types included in, 222, 
Apatelodes, remarks on, 159. 
Aphelinidze, new genus and species in the, 

359. 
Aphidius chenopodiaphidis, n. sp. 67. 
Aphilanthops, table of species, 336. 
E Utahensis, n. sp., 335- 
Aquatic insects, natural history of : Miall, 
352. 
Arachnida, the Marx collection of, 272. 
Argynnis Atlantis, 227. 
Sh Bteyasel 7a 
Aspidiotus ancylus, 16, 261, 
betulze, 34. 
destructor, 261. 
ficus, 261, 
Howardz, n. sp., 16, 261. 
juglans-regice, 16, 260. 
ostrezeformis, 16, 
perniciosus, 16, 


their Spinning 


iad 


“6 


Aspidiotus punice, 16. 

My pyti, 17. 
pyricola, 260, 
spinosus, 17, 
Astata montana, 280. 
Asterolecanium pustulans, 259. 
Attidze, some new, 96, 
Attus dorsatus, n. sp., 97. 

‘*  morosus, N. Sp., 97. 
Aulacaspis bromeliz, 260. 
Automolis inutata, 62. 


ce 


6e 


Bacillus carinatus, 30. 
‘*  Coloradus, 30. 
Bacunculidze, genera of, 30, 
Bahama Islands, notes on a trip to, 291, 
Baker, Carl F., articles by, 19, 63, 108, 
130, 162, 186, 221, 335. 
Banks, Nathan, articles by, 96, 324. 
Bean, T, E., article by, 87. 
Beetles of New England : Knobel, 226. 
Genta Slossontz, n. sp , 53- 
Berosus, table of species, 185. 
Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 114, 116, 
1305/224, 226, 327, 352: 
Bidessus affinis, 73. 
‘ee tuscatus, 73. 
Blastothrix longipennis, 257. 
Bledius punctatissimus, 319. 
Blennocampa bipartita, 281, 
Splre@, N. Sp., 194, 
Bombycidee—Zygenide, one 
Bombycia, species of, 129, 
Bomolocha citata, 147. 
HY toreuta, 147. 
Book Notices, 23, 85, 114, 136, 224, 326, 
352. 
Brac hycodion, n. gen., 244, 
amanda, N. Sp., 244. 
Brontes debilis, 28, 
‘*  dubius, 28. 
Bruchophagus mexicanus, 277. 
Bruchus alboscutellatus, 277. 
** in New Mexico, notes on, 277. 
Butterflies in Western Colorado, notes on 
collecting, 229. 
Butterflies, notes on, 226. 
Butterfliesof North America: Edwards, 327. 
Butterflies of Southern Manitoba, 310, 
314, 351. 


304 


Butterflies taken at Winnipeg, 123. 
Butterfly pupze, notes on: Chapman, 137. 


Calocampa cineritia, 176. 
Calopteryx zquabilis, 15. 
Re apicalis, 15. 
Canadian Coccidx, 33, 58, 253. 
Canadian Lepidoptera, additions to list of, 
147. 
Canadian Spiders: Emerton, 114. 
Carama cretata, 14. 
ss discrepans, 14. 
ovina, 14. 
\@ pura, 14. 
Carynota vera, Ni. Sp.5 276. 
Caryoborus anthriticus, 320. 
Casey, T. L., article by, 153. 
Catocala minuta, preparatory stages 
331. 
Catogenus rufus, 27, 172, 319. 
Cecidomyia salicis-brassicoides, 206, 
Celina angustata, 73. 
Cercyon, table of species, 215. 
Cheetarthria, table of species, 185. 
Chariessa pilosa, 252. 
Chelonia tzeniata, 62. 
Chionaspis alni, 33. 
0 assimilis, 260. 
Lintnerl, 33. 
ne quercus, 260, 
es salicis, 34. 
Chionobas alberta, 178. 
§ ceno, 237. 
varuna, 311, 315. 
‘*Cimex,” article by, 84. 
Cirrospilus flavicinctus, 67. 
Cladius gregarius, nN. sp., 191, 
‘¢  solitaris, N. Sp., 192. 
Classification of the Lepidoptera : Kellog, 
136. 
Classification of the Lepidoptera: Tutt, 
326. 
Cleridz, table of genera, 248. 
Clerus, table of species, 249. 
Cnemidotus, table of species, 79. 
Coccidze, notes on, 33, 58, 253. 
Cockerell, T..D. A., articles by, 16, 33, 
58, 134, 135, 201, 253, 308. 
Ccelambus, table of species, 74. 
Coleoptera collected at Massett, Queen 
Charlotte Islands, B.C., 165, 217. 
Coleoptera of Canada, 25, 69, 117, 149, 
181i, 213, 247. 
Coleoptera of Lake Worth, Florida, 9. 
317. 
Coleoptera of New Mexico and Arizona, 


6s 


of,” 


oé 


“ec 


39: 
Coleoptera of the Sudbury District, 141. 


q 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. 


Colymbetes, table of species, 122. 

Colymbetini, table of genera, 117. 

Copelatus glyphicus, 119. 

Coptotomus interrogatus, I18. 

Coquillett, D. W., articles by, 103, 125, 
199. 

Crabro centralis, 134. 

Creniphilus, table of species, 214. 

Crocota belmaria, n. sp., 345. 

“«  rubricosta, N. Sp., 345+ 
Cryptomorpha Desjardinsi, 319. 
Cryptopleurum minutum, 216. 
Cryptorhyncus minutissimus, 321. 
Cucujide of Ontario and Quebec, 25. 


| Cucujus clavipes, 27, 172. 


Cybister, fimbriolatus, 152. 
Cydosia nobilitella, 95. 


_ Cydosiinze, on the term, 95. 


Cylas formicarius, 321. 


_ Cymatodera, table of species, 249. 


“6 és 


Cymbiodyta, 214. 
Dactylopius longispinus, 258. 

ee virgatus, 259. 
Davis, G. C., articles by, 160, 287. 


| Deghuee Alumni, 228. 


Dendrophagus glaber, 28. 


| Dendryphantes bifida, n. sp., 96. 


Depressaria argillacea, 148. 
et pulvipennella, 148. 


| Deronectes, table of species, 74. 


Desmopachria convexa, 73. 
Diapheromera denticrus, 30. 
a femorata, 29. 
Velii, 30. 
Diaspis amygdali, 260. 
Diligence rewarded, 24. 
Dilophonota ello, 172. 
Dioryctria Brucez, n. Sp 5 55- 
Dod, F. H. Wolley, article by, 176. 
Drepanoglossa occidentalis, n. sp., 126. 
4 venatoris, M. Sp, 127. 
Dyar, H. G., articles by, 14, 31, 38, 128, 
136, 138, 140, 159, I91, 208, 225, 
242, 325, 337; 350+ 
Dynatosoma fulvidum, 0. Sp., 200. 
Dytiscidze, description of family, 70, 117, 


ee 


149. . 
Dytiscus, table of species, 149. 


Ecdytolopha insiticiana, 148. 

Edwards, W. H., article by, 229. 

Ehrmann, G. A., article by, 345. 

Elachistus Ohioensts, Ne Spey 67. 

Elasmopalpus tartarellus, 148. 

Elasmus nigrescens, 68. 

Entomological collections of U. S, Na-_ 
tional Museum, 334. 3 


Boey- 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. 


355 


Epipaschiinz, new species of, 53. 

Epischnia incanella, n. sp., 56. 

Erebia discoidalis, 178, 297. 

Eriocampa cerasi, 195. 
oy fasciata, 193. 

Eucleidzx, notes on the family, 245. 

Euclidia cuspidea, preparatory stages of, 
107. 

Eudamus pylades, curious behaviour of | 
larva, 333. 

Eudryas St. Johannis redivivus, 157. 

Eulophus tricladus, 68. 

Eupterodidz, remarks upon, 159. 

Eurosta solidaginis, occupants of galls of, 
197. 

Euryda, species of, 245. 

Eurytoma gigantea, 197. 
te studiosa, 198. 

Eutheca mora, 15. 

Euthuorus filum, 320. 

Euthyatira, species of, 129, 350. 

Evans, J. D., articles by, 141, 173, 297. 

Exartema micantana, 148. 


Holcopelte producta, 277. 
Howard, L. O., article by, 350. 
Hulst, G. D., articles by, 11, 53. 
Hydaticus, table of species, 150. 
Hydnocera, table of species, 251. 
Hydrzena pennsylvanica, 184. 
Hydrobius, table of species, 214. 
Hydrocharis obtusatus, 185. 
Hydrochus, table of species, 183. 
Hydrophilidz, table of genera, 181. 
Hydrophilus, table of species, 185. 
Hydroporini, table of genera, 73. 
Hydroporus, table of species, 75. 
Hylotoma clavicornis, 344. 

cs McLeayi, 208, 344. 

ee pectoralis, 210. 

A virescens, 344. 
Hymenoptera, additions to list of U. S., 

134. 
Hymenoptera, notes on, 155. 

sf notes on some reared, 67. 

Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps, 186. 


_ Ichnea laticornis, 252. 


Feltia subgothica or Agrotis jaculifera, 
which ? 301. 

Feniseca Tarquinius, 226. 

Fenusa curtus, larva of, 343. 

Fletcher, J., articles by, 6, 94, 166, 273, 


314. 
French, G. H., article by, 331. 
Fyles, T. W., article by, 346. 


Gall of Cecidomyia salicis-brassicoides,and | 
its occupants, 205. 

Gelechia gallz-solidaginis, 198. 

Genitalic classification, 11, 82. 

Goding, F. W., article by, 274. 

Graphoderes, table of species, 152. 

Grote, Augustus Radcliffe, 1. 

Grote, A, R., articles by, 2, 82, 95, 133, 
135, 137, 157, 222, 228, 263, 316, 326. 


Habrocestum boreale, n. sp., 101. 

* clypeatum, n. sp., 102. 
Habrocytus aulacis, n. sp., 68. 
Habrosyne scripta, 129, 350. 
Haliplus, table of species, 69. 

Hamilton, J., article by, 317. 

Manham, A. W., article by, 123. 
Harpiphorus tarsatus, 196. 

Harrington, W. H., articles by, 155, 197. 
Heath, E. F., articles by, 310, 351. 
Helochares maculicollis, 213. 
Helocombus bifidus, 214. 

Helophorus, table of species, 182. 
Hemileuca Californica, notes on, 325. 
Hewett, G. M. A., article by, 1. | 
Hippopsis lemnistica, 320. 


Ichneumonidz, a few points on collecting, 
160, 

Ichneumonidz, review of some Provancher 
types, 287. 


| Ictus floridants, n. sp., 99. 
| oe 


minutus, N. Sp., 99. 
monticola, n. sp., 98. 

** obliquius, N. sp., 98. 

‘*  sex-maculatus, N. Sp., 100. 

‘€  stmilts, n. Sp., 100. 
Ilybiosoma bifarius, 118. 
Ilybius, table of species, 118. 
In reply to Mr. Hulst, 82. 
Ischnaspis filiformis, 260. 
Isocratus vulgaris, 67. 


| Lsoglossa, n. gen., 125. 


‘*  hastata, n. sp., 126. 


Keen, J. H., articles by, 165, 217. 
Kellicott. D. S., article by, 15. 
Knaus, W., article by, 300. 
Kunze, R. E., article by, 133. 


Laccobius agilis, 186. 
Laccophilus, table of species, 72. 
Lzmophleeus, table of species, 27. 
Laricobius Erichsoni, 252. 
Laurent, P., article by, 322. 
Lecanium cerasifex, 60. 
Lecanium caryz, var. Camadense, n. var., 
253. 
Lecanium Fitchii, 255. 
iy Fletcheri, 6. 
ss hemisphericum, 258. 


of insignicola, 258, 


356 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. 


Lecanium juglandis, 60. 
monile, N. SP., an 
nitens, N. Sp., 203. 
*S olex, 257. 
< perforatum, 257. 
persicee, 58. 
pseudosemen, N. Sp., 202. 
quercitronis, 255. 
fe ribis, 255. 
robiniarum, 257. 
rotundum, 59. 
rugosum, 58. 
species found on oak, 35. 
subglobular species of, 201. 
Lembert, J. B., article by, 107. 
Lepidoptera, notes on some Southern, 
242. 
Lepidoptera taken at Sudbury, 297. 
Leptostylus transversatus, 320. 
Limacodes Beutenmuelleri, 245. 
List of N. American Eupterotide, etc.: 
Grote, 225. 
Litholomia napzea, 176. 
Lophyrus Lecontei, 211. 
ay table of species, 212. 
Losses caused by destructive insects, 180, 
Lyczena amyntula, 315. 
** seepiolus, 351. 
Lyman, H. H.., articles by, 32, 333. 
Lysiphlebus salicaphis, 68. 


“e 


ee 


ce 


Macgillivray, A. D., articles by, 7, 77, 
281. 
Macrophya minuta, n, sp., 286, 
as mixta, N. Spry 77+ 
ntdonea, N. Sp.; 77. 
eee ys pulchella, var. a/ba, n. var., 
205 
Macrophya punctata, n. sp., 285. 
Slossonia, n. sp., 78. 
Maine, insect fauna of Somerset County, 
322. 
Manual for the Study of Insects : 
stock, 138. 
Matus bicarinatus, 1109. 
Megalopygide, notes on, 14, 135, 243. 
table of genera, 244. 
Megasternum posticatum, 216. 
Melsheimer’s Sack-bearer, 227. 
Membracidz, studies in N. American, 274. 
Microgaster xylinoides, n. sp., 68. 
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 24, 52, 
172, 227, 228, 280, 286. 
Mogerus, n. gen., 281. 
ef emarginatus, N. Sp., 
Monostegia quercus-albzx, 195. 
o quercus-coccinex, 195. 
rose, 194. 
Mordellistena nigricans, 198, 


“eé 


Com- 


147, 


281. 


oe 


Mounting insects without pressure, 112. 
Multareis, n. gen., 274. 

“s cornutus, N. SP,, 275+ 
Munchausen substantiated, 84. 
Mycetophila Hopkinstz, n. sp., 200. 
Mycetophilidze, new N, American, 199. 
Myrmecolax nietneri, 23. 

Mytilaspis pomorum, 259. 


Nathalis iole, 310, 315. 
Nausibius dentatus, 26. 
Necrobia, table of species, 253. 
Nemeophila hospita, 93. 
Nemeophila petrosa, 
Laggan, 87. 
Nemeophila plantaginis, 88. 
ae Scudderi, 88. 
Noctuide, the genera in, 2. 
Notes, 116, 172, 352. 


variation of, at 


Obituary notices, 116, 133, 273, 300. 


| Ochthebius, table of species, 184. 


(Enectra flavibasana, 286. 
Oiketicus Townsendi, 242. 
Oneida luniferella, n. sp , 53- 


| Ormetica sphingiformis, 61. 


“e teeniata, 62. 
Orthopleura damicornis, 252. 
Oxybelus cladothricis, n. sp., 309. 


Peederus obliteratus, 319. 
Pachyneuron aphidivora, 68. 
Pamphila Manitoba, life history of, 346. 
RS the boreal species of, 261. 
Papilio Bairdil, 229. 
Brucei, n. var., 239. 

‘« cresphontes, 147. 

‘© Hollandii, 229, 

‘¢  Oregonia, 229, 315. 
Patton, W, H., articles by, 
Pediacus depressus, 27. 

aie HUSCUS uy. 


280, 290. 


| Perineura, American species of, 7. 


sf Americana, 7. 
ss Kincatdia, 0. sp.) 7. 
ce pacifica, 7. 


Perophora Melsheimerii, 227. 
Petrophora testata, 147. 
Phasmidz, summary of the U. States, 29. 
Phidippus boreaiis, n. sp., 96. 
Philanthus multimaeulatus, 134. 
Philhydrus, table of species, 213. 
Phobetron, table of species, 246. 
Phora cocciphila, n. sp., 106, 

‘ fungicola, n. Sp., 106. 

$ spinipes, n. sp., 105. 
Phora, synopsis of the Dipterous genus, 

103. . 

Phora venusia, 0. Sp., 107. 


ee a 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. 


Phyciodes tharos, 226, 351. 
Phycitide, new species of, 53. 
Phyllobzenus dislocatus, 252. 
Physokermes insignicola, 258. 
Phytoptus phleeocoptes, 229. 
Pinipestis umbripennts, n. sp., 57. 
.Platycerus Keen, n. sp., 153. 

“6 thoracicus, . Sp. 154. 
Platydema subquadratum, 320. 
Platygaster obscuripennis, 206. 
Platypterygidze, note on the, 133. 
Platysamia Columbia, 24. 
Platyura fasctola, 200, 

‘  lurida, 0. sp., 199. 

‘* Maude, n. sp., 199. 

sc pectoralis, n. sp., 199. 
Plum-twig gall-mite, 329. 

Plusia Californica, 178. 
*«  dyaus, 147. 
Praon Coloradensis, 68. 
Preptos, Tamphana and Arotros, a review, 

38; 94. 

Priocera castanea, 249. 
Pseudanaphora arcanella, 15. 
Pseudogalleria inimicella, 148. 
Pseudokermes, n. sub-genus, 203. 
Pseudothyatira, species of, 129, 350. 
Psychoda albitarsis, n. sp. 324. 

‘* notes on, 324. 

s¢  Slossonz, 324. 


Puget Sound, relation of fauna to that of 


Mexico and Canada, 280. 
Pulex Bruneri, n. sp , 130, 132. 
Coloradensis, n. sp., 110, 112. 
‘© Gillettet, n. sp., 109, 111. 
‘© htrsutus, N. Sp.y 130, 132. 
‘© Howardii, n. sp., 110, 112. 
“* tgnotus, N. Sp., 110, 112. 
‘* inaqualts, n. sp. 163, 164. 
‘*  longispinus, n. Sp., 131, 132. 
a simulans, n. sp., 65, 67. 
** table of species, 64, 108, 130, 162. 
‘*  Wickhamt, n. sp., 109, 111. 
Pulicidz, table of genera, 63. 
Pulvinaria hrassté, 0. Sp., 135. 


WY camellicola, 258. 
es simulans, 258. 
ot urbicola, 258. 


Pyla eneela,n sp., 65. 

‘* bistriatella, n. Sp., 54. 
zncorruscella, N. SP.5 55- 
“ metalicella, n. Sp., 54. 


Rambles in Alpine Valleys: Tutt, 224. 

Rennie, R. W , article by, 112. 

Report on Injurious Insects : 
115. 

Rhantus, table of species, 122, 

Rhaphitelus maculatus, 68, 


Ormerod, 


357 


Rhodites spinosa, 68. 

Khyncopsylla pulex, 22. 
Rhyncophorus cruentatus, 322. 
Riley, Professor C. V., death of, 273. 
Robinsonia fogra, n sp., 62. 


as Grotez, n. sp., 61. 
a Lefairrei, n. sp., 62. 
ey perfecta, 61. 


Sattis parvulus, n. sp., 101. 


| Salebria delectella, n. sp., 57. 


‘*  georgiella, N. Sp., 57+ 
Salleea ochrosterna, 61. 
Sarcopsylla gallinacea, 21. 

; grossiventris, 21, 
se ‘penetrans, 21. 


_ Saturnina, list of N. American species, 


263, 316 


_ Saunders, Professor William, 197. 


Saw-flies, larvee of N. 
208, 337- 
Scale insect, new, on plum, 16. 
Schaus, W., articles by, 61, 94. 
Sciathos punctigera, 15. 
Scopelosoma devia, 177. 
ss tristigmata, 178. 

Scudder, S. H., article by, 29. 
Scutopterus, table of species, 122. 


American, 


19l, 


| Segnipiesis nigrifemora, 68. 


Selandria floridana, n. sp., 281. 
Semasia cineriana, 148. 
‘« ~~ Goodelliana, 148. 
Sericoris abietana, 148. 
“¢  dealbana, 148. 
Sigalphus texanus, 198. 
Silvanus, table of species, 26. 
Siphona plusve, n. sp., 125. 
Siphonaptera, preliminary studies in, 19, 
63, 108, 130, 162, 186, 221. 
Siphophyto opacus, n. sp., 128. 
eS setiger, N. Sp., 127. 
Skinner, H., articles by, 179, 261. 
Slingerland, M. V., articles by, 301, 329. 
Slosson, Mrs, A, tT: article by, 9. 
Smicra divisa, 134. 
Spalacopsis linum, 320. 
Spermophagus, systematic value of larva, 
290. 


| Spheeridium scarabeeoides, 216. 


Sphex Lucz, 280. 
Sphinx Canadensis, 280. 
Spiders, protective mimicry in, 36. 
Spilochalcis torvina, 68. 
Sprague, F. H., article by, 226. 
Staley, Jacob Oliver, death of, 133 
Steganoptycha balliana, 148. 
Stephanocircus, n. gen., 63. 

s dasyurt, n. sp., 63, 
Stictopelta Arizona, n, sp., 276, 


358 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVIII. 


Stromberg, Charles W., death of, 300. 
Sudbury District, Insect fauna of, 141, 


173, 297. 


Tachinidz with a slender proboscis, new, 
125, 
Tachnobia salicarum, 177. 
Tzeniocampa pacifica, 177. 
Talanus langurinus, 321. 
** ~~ stenochinus, 321. 
Taxonus borealis, n. sp., 78. 
Tenthredinide, descriptions of larvze, 191, 
208, 337. 
Tenthredinidee, New Hampshire, 77. 
HO new species of, 78, 281. 
Depth redo equalis, nN. Sp , 284. 
atravenus, D. Sp,, 283. 
Barnstonii, 81. 
basilaris, 79. 
bilineatus, nN. Sp., 282. 
‘yigida, n. sp., 80. 
nigricollis, 79. 
palticola, n. sp., 80. 
pallipunctus, N, Sp. 282. 
redimacula, Nn. sp., 78. 
remota, n. Sp., 81. 
rufostigMus, N. Sp.y 283. 
terminatus, n. sp., 283. 
ventricus, N. SP., 284. 
Thanasimus, table of species, 250. 
Thaneroclerus sanguineus, 251. 
Thecla acadica, 227. 
 1Ontario, 94. 
‘*  strigosa, 315. 
‘« var. liparops, 315. 


ce 


ce 


Thermonectes basilaris, 152. 
Thyatirid ze, sete of the larvze, 350. 
table of genera, 128. 
Timema, n. gen., 30. 
Tolype brevicrista, n. sp., 246. 
Townsend, C. H. T., articles by, 39, 
205, 277- 

Trichobaris insolita, 321. 
Trichodes, table of species, 249. 
Triptosternus table of species, 185. 
Tuberculocentvus, n. gen., 275. 

ef solus, N. SPs, 275. 
Turuptiana obliqua, 61. 
Tutt, J. W., article by, 180. 
Typhlopsylla alpina, n. sp., 189, 191. 
Americana, Nn. sp., 189, 191. 
fraterna, n. sp., 189, 190. 
he table of species, i86, 


ce 


Ufeus satyricus, 177. 


Vanessa Californica, 315. 
Vermipsylla alacurt, 22. 
Volusia pallidipenella, n. sp., 56. 


Wasmann’s Myrmecophila and Termi- 
tophila, 23. 

Webster, F. M., articles by, 36, 67, 85, 
EU elo. 

Wickham, H. F., articles by, 23, 25, 69, 
117, 149, 181, 213, 247, 291. 


Xylina Georgii, 177. 


Zygoballus tridescens, N. Sp., 102. 


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