\ | } 3
HI -
| 5 ls gan ! ‘
‘ \ ff : : ZN\\| ) \\ \ \
. { Ay WWII" Ne \
¢ | if \
if ‘ i HY :
aN y1/ |
\ Wi \ / ' |
\
aN ax |
y | : p
f
=
Sy) WA
2) vat
| { NN ! |
wal /a ust x (X= Ni :
NAR SAA ENAIA Ae
Koy : = Z ea | |
: ! |
! \| |
\ /
\ A ha
j > Mi f { / I
| \i ‘
al
J
WAN
\AA
Ww
for
va
RETURN TO
LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
: at
Web Mion
ul
Vt
ft i By)
a
bes ACN
Alte
RY
aid (le
H her
J
\
Ruhih
haart
a y
s
Che
Canadian Entomologist
VW ORTWIMEE NOX.
SPHINX EREMITUS.
EDITED BY THE
Reve). S: Bethune, Mie. Dees: PUR: SiGe
HEAD MASTER OF TRINITY COLLEGE SCHOOL,
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.
ASSISTED BY
Dr. James Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa :
H. H. Lyman, Montreal ; and Rev. T. W.
Fyles, D.C.L., South Quebec:
—_—4. & + —___
London, Cnt. :
The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited.
1898.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME XXX.
PNG ON OG S28 ON al eS 2S 8 5, oA WASHINGTON, D. C.
BAKER ACARI Bis acess, Soe a eeeeee tech eee AUBURN, ALABAMA,
BANKS, NATHAN..... RPM. onc sueuees WASHINGTON, D. C.
BELHUNE, REY. C. J. S: (Fhe Editor)... 2 ote. Port Horr, On’.
ESTERATS) a ENGR 232 i NE Ec 5g retiey ape one Rv Noaye
GAC GRMN ERY OWS. 5 Sen 5 Sp eee rato" clos sictutege INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
BO GHOSE Eas caro: = Ls Se een a eee STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA.
GUST BING DD OP Sea oe Ae Ns Oe 8 eee WASHINGTON, D. C.
COCR E DL. Dh. Di Avice oe Pees. fs. odes), MESILDA,. NEW MEXICO:
GOOLEY RAS. 2 See, eo es c\3o eee AMLHE RST NLASS.
COOMMEL BANE Sais ata oe soe ermemeras ofl) siete WASHINGTON, D. C.
CURRIE. ROMA Pan. Be hie a aac Rae WASHINGTON, D. C.
DOD: BS HeaW ORY 8 <.c che eee at oo Saree CALGARY, ALBERTA.
IDWININEINIG SV SHUNGwo ome eas cle Soret MS Gn occa noe HARTFORD, CONN.
DNR SIDIRG EDA RULS © Ni Grin ssndis cee aus nce WASHINGTON, D. C.
EEDA Son Wirnles aeisienera ss said. wwensrepes re ein Ne ...COALBURG, WEST Va.
IESE al ORIN a leases tor pe Sa sss © PRRs isa cess MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL.
1 BEAN EAL biepal 6 fell On eh a OS eRe Ba BS oy i PASADENA, Cal.
BIG EAR CEU RESTD) RS PAOMUES:< ... 0/5 2; neat ceeeniners clr sar OTTAWA.
RVG IES SPICES TIRE ye NV Eh cvs 3, on etna cock ore SOUTH QUEBEC.
RUE Pe Geil Fate ede Mie P< 2 ORILLIA, ONT.
GROGE VERO bs A. VAD CILLE EE... saan series HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
PAGING TPAC AGN 5. enc oases ai cla od 05.8 RRO ale WINNIPEG.
EP AGURSLINIG ON SWS OLditac «scars, non er eee iets OLERA VIA.
LOE AGU Edsel po ENT SONI Te, A. -a S avs ciao eR Renae eters CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
EL OMIA ND IE Vig WIRE Ne Joe exe ae 2 ote eeeeeuetorsctare PITTSBURG, PA.
TEP IRA U NYS 2 PO i lO ee ee MORGANTOWN, WEsT VA.
HGNC ON ys gs Oe chee Grane oc. 5 ele! osc eee oomins WASHINGTON, D. C.
se ULSTER) OF) Vina Co Ge A ie a etic Gone, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
OSG ELON OUN iH! ae ok sic... so: 2s et ee ce sare Kinosora, MANITOBA.
FICGHE NSS (Gn Ea 2a iG) NES VST CR eo ea COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND.
TOEIN SH ONG CAMBS #22. ee ciaa.2 seu) 03,5 erteteneiebnnyeens HAMILTON, ONT.
RGERET NG seta p eed lllievaperoresrs eye shoves «0 o/s: aeetetvedione tsi ole MasseTT, Q. C. ISLANDs, B.C.
DEANERY) Od Uh SY a Oe, i a en eRe WASHINGTON, D. C.
HOWINSB RY Gasp nets aes A ie 0b eae hae CAPE Town, AFRICA.
TENON GOL CUE ST RAIN SPs 1S ce RRR iS ors) a PITTSBURG, PA.
TE AVON END SO) 0) EST] BoA oS) LS a et ee Oy cues MONTREAL.
IN TANT RU GaN CRE Cad IB SOAR ene pe ES 2 WASHINGTON, D. C.
IN ICO ESL AEN Bi cred LES EXO Ys ES i ra RnR cn Pipe LONDON, ONT.
SOME TNO ER SCHUM 91 ROSE Cea PRO ee a Oc Re New YorK.
PERGANDE SDE OD ORES vomc cc oc. 2 ss ce sbebieionts WASHINGTON, D. C.
18S 85 1 Sd PISO TNs CCT A 29) Bol BS yee ches ae a A etc CARLINVILLE, ILL.
STOLEN ON OTERO DW RAS SVAN (UD 8] Ole] Gi ee a 2 ...CAMBRIDGE, MAss.
SOT KGa) Sy] Pul Ces ol © Leth [ARMs ae er ee bo Ober se Irwaca, N. Y.
SVM yEL es NO Hosa OUEIUN ps eyaos ie tskaic: ara’ a5! «ies wiepegametclorshe New Brunswick, N. J.
NGC ETE MUIR S New llevetelvueolsie wetelnia sc diaie a ataemaeseerare BELVIDERE, ILL.
See OMAIN rR OG ieee eee. -. 4, aracd cvahenerstarete CoLuMBIA, Mo.
STIMLRAY LEIS ISTOUS COR Ne Seether MONTREAL.
PAN VAIO RE ole bows, (Get WWitei beta epee ..,.+GABRIOLA ISLAND, B. C.
DNS IEE VOB reli Senor vs < +. ois¥ oc cmap MESILLA PARK, NEW MEx.
NS UVANT Dol 29 720 SM OO Noe te RLORONDO:
WIE EB SiR POEs Be Mi het ast, 6 pcs a o)otarareteheneners WoosTER, OHIO.
\WiILCREPAN IT ERO HHH 8) 72 a4... ata epee Iowa City, Iowa.
CaN. ENT., VOL. XXX. PLATE |.
VANES) (EW EIMERG ILD, WFolRsSsCoy roller
PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 1886-88.
The anata Fontomolagist.
VOL. XXX, LONDON, JANUARY, 1898. No. I.
JAMES FLETCHEESEE; D.; FR. S.C. F. LS.
We are happy to be able to begin the thirtieth volume of the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST by presenting to our readers an excellent
portrait of Dr. James FLETCHER, whose name is a household word among
entomologists, not only in Canada, but throughout North America, and
in many parts of the world besides. Born and educated in England, Dr.
Fletcher came to this country, when a young man, as a junior officer in the
Bank of British North America, and soon began to devote his leisure hours
to the study of insects and plants. Finding the work of a bank by no means
congenial to his literary and scientific tastes, he obtained a position as
assistant in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa. It was not long before
his talents and attainments in botany and entomology became widely
known, chiefly through his contributions to this magazine and the annual
reports of our Society. His first paper in the latter was an article on
Canadian Buprestidz, which was published in 1878, while his first contri-
bution to this magazine appeared in January, 1880. During all the years
that have followed no volume of either publication has been issued with-
out some valuable articles from his pen.
In 1878 he became a member of the Council of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, and every year since has been élected to hold some
office in the Society, being four times vice-president, and for three years,
1886-8, president. In 1879 he was one of the originators of the Ottawa
Field Naturalists’ Club, the most successful society of the kind in the
Dominion, and more recently he suggested, and by his influence and
energy accomplished, the formation of the important Association of
Economic Entomologists of North America.
The first official recognition of his attainments was in 1885, when he
was appointed Honorary Entomologist to the Department of Agriculture
at Ottawa, and in that capacity, though much hampered by his duties in
the library, he published a valuable report on the injurious insects of the
year. Two years later his present position of Entomologist and Botanist
to the Experimental Farms of the Dominion was conferred upon him. In
bo
_ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, —
the ten years that have now gone by, he has done an enormous amount
of valuable work, as shown in his annual reports and evidence before the
Standing Committee of the House of Commous on Agriculture, his
voluminous correspondence with farmers and fruit-growers all over the
Dominion, and his addresses to Farmers’ Institutes and other gatherings.
No one in this country has done so much as he to instruct the people in
a practical knowledge of their worst insect foes and the best methods of
dealing with them, while probably no one but he could have given the
Province of Manitoba the information and the advice that he has repeat-
edly afforded by his lectures, addresses, and publications on the noxious
weeds of that portion of the Dominion. All his friends will, we are sure,
unite with us in the earnest wish that he may long be spared to carry on
his admirable work, which is of such vast importance, not only to those
directly interested in the products of the soil, but to all the dwellers
throughout this wide Dominion.
A GENERIC REVISION OF THE LACHNEIDA
(LASIOCAMPID:).
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The genera of the same regions are included in the present paper as in
a former one on Hypogymnide (Can. Ent., XXIX., 12). The paleearctic
Lachneids of the old world have been admirably treated by Aurivillius
(Iris, Dresden, vii., 121-185), and I am indebted to his work for valuable
information, as well as to the works of Kirby and Hampson. In going
over the literature I did not always confirm Kirby’s types of the genera ;
but rather than disturb the matter again, I have accepted them as
modified by Aurivillius; but with the restoration of Hubner’s Tentamen
names, I drop Gastropacha, as it is a synonym of Lasiocampa, being
proposed in the same sense to include all the species of the family.
Following Wallengren, I separate catax and rimico/a from Eriogaster as
defined by Aurivillius for convenience in the table, though I do not doubt
that the venation is as variable as Aurivillius states (Iris, vil., 147). I
cannot separate the new genus Paralebeda, Auriv., from Odonestis by
anything that is stated.
The oldest plural term for the family is again Hubner’s Lachneides,
and must form the family name as shown by Grote.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a
The synoptic table is followed by a list of genera and species. Only
those species are placed which I have either seen or could determine
from recent works :
I.
10.
1p)
re
3.
14.
Secondaries with veins 7 and 8 from intercostal cell, the bar short, or
vein 7 from the subcostal vein. Pep : ap ad dee
Secondaries with very large tercostal gam vein 7 near ve the bar
long.. sug aes MEU. Pn ae ols slate dagle al sated oes Be
Primaries 9 oe cna narrow, apex papauced # A rs Pee
Primaries broader. OREM aah te UT etalon. Te Se ae
Wings of female Bipent, RS APU oo has a have oy Shad os SOR
Primaries with veins 8 to .10 ated. Lats PMS Pals tate eR EC ONL
Primaries with vein 8 not ea i ARE et ar Re AWA eal hte
Secondaries with veins 4 and 5 stalked.. ............. Zaragama.
Secondaries with veins 4 and 5 from the angle of the cell.....Swana.
Costa of secondaries highly excised. Peat pics x steady, spay a, ae ee
Costa of secondaries slightly or not at Ai eeicea © Sthe ates wae
Primaries with veins 6, 7. free or stalked ; 6 to 8 eenibea sat 5 of
secondaries as above. aon : : meee
Primaries with 6 to 8 staqeea: 3 to 5 Wisecotey aries Hsived ren ee
Pimaniesswitt veins 7 and 8 stalked: Osewmae en 2 ee ce cs le
Omer marcin-of, primaries evenly founded ae ee es. ee Be
Outer margin of primaries crenulate ... ........... Dendrolimus.
Primaries with the outer margin angulated and excised.. .. Bharetta.
Palpi long . Se) OR Se Rare otc he ue
BeipP Misi. iz y Mee onic hy eae arimea 10.
. Veins 6 and 7 ae primaries Sari cells Be RIM ahs sn che Sa A
Veins 6 and 7 Maleedi kc... -: SR Pee en anes
Per ema sm nos Closed’... ste. Uae ten Salleh sccleeamn waned
Cell of primaries closed, of secondaries open......... eros
Cell of both wings open . ...... betes lp pabbla:
Very large (86 to 110 mm.) ; primaries & rattien ateuvated Za hydisso.
Smaller, primaries trigonate; veins 4 and 5 of secondaries from
the cell.. RG babe he : EMER ORES ss, wit se
Female with oe hick: Hihiry site ‘tuft. Parectee ss seat ties
Female without this tuft. one ‘ me oy 3 ES
Veins 9 and 10 Bhanmattes'6 ona stalk ‘half way to apex or fea! Lia
Veins 9, ro on a stalk more than half way to apex of wing......18.
Small species, wings short, 7, 8 of secondaries stalked from narrow
‘Heueeyerm sinammtercostal cell... ./yirk gage) yop mee ve ee ead De
1%
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Ze
a3
25.
26.
27.
28.
20
a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Moderate sized, 7, 8 from distinct, elliptical, intercostal cell......15.
Moderate sized ; veins 6 to 8 of primaries stalked... Edzvardsimemna.
. Sexestsumuar wings broad). ooo) ke vie Se ee seers ae
Sexes dissimilar, wings more elongate.................Gloveria.
Intercostal cell of secondaries half as long as discal cell. . Lastocampa.
Intercostal cell of secondaries shorter.............Macrothylacia.
Veins 4 and 5 of secondaries from angle of cell......... Zrichiura.
Veins. 4and 5 of secondaries Stalkedi. e254. iD 6. GREE.
Vein 8 of ee from cell; 4, 5 of secondaries from
cell . Jin eee byae lesb: ively | ORD a.
Vein 8 ona ae 4,5 oe ae renadinies ‘fresh cell ; antenne short. . 19.
Vein 8 on astalk; 4, 5 of secondaries stalked....... bapeonen Si,
@horax evenly halted 7. 4ee fee ee ea .Artace.
Thorax or base of abdomen ne a sepeeeb of lanes Spugatal
hairs. oes Denia Rcbenc ines
Outer margin of pot 4 wings henaaee) Dy daeintixn wer COM aspedd.
Outer margin entire. Sta sip Aids wie ate! apse) aie «Si ao SCOR
Primaries with vein 6 ies che celle civreaa4y; bagel picet ia eles ean 122.
Primaries with vein 6 stalked with 7 Sel By ia ok ra PEN
Female with a large abdominal tuft of hairs ; veins 4, 5 fk becovignm
LONI ACCRE res. occ YO e ek Sy apiaes Bie ecards nw 1» Lao eneelme
Female without this tuft ; veins 4, 5 de er Eee aalked Kosala.
Primaries with the stalk of g, 10 short, less than half way to apex... 24.
Primaries with the stalk long, more than half way to apex.......27.
Primaries with the stalk reaching the apex, vein 1o absent. Heteropacha.
Primaniesshort,“apex rounded wy.)..3) eee psn. o> (yd el
Primaries. longer, apex square or acutec en. 5’... +). amore gepeire be
Palo, lone. Soe os tee ek Oe selene =. sg Oana atoie:
Palpicshorts scasicisiri Dads ; 3 suve'Gs
Outer margin of primaries crennrree ; Goad. see es (seman
Quter ‘margin: entixeshead ‘suukenia. cat. ss +e, Spe venga.
Secondaries with ).veims from ‘theeelly ce (ss 4 Qe eee
Secondaries’ with’ veins, 3 to 5 stalked’... . 20... .32 ps5. istegena:
Palpi long; anal angle of primaries slightly emarginate.......... 209.
Palpi short ; anal angle of primaries with a square notch. Zpicuaptera.
Primaries produced at apex,outer margin very oblique. Stexophylloides.
Primaries broader ; outer margin convex, crenulate.......2utricha.
Fore wings of male with 12 veins; female without woolly anal
BOM ve is -4.4+ yy 0 22, WeRGLS yeas eee he RE a Ae . Lustaudinger ia.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5
Fore wings with rr veins ; female with woolly anal tuft.. Chondrostega.
Bhima, Moore.
undulosa, Walk.
Taragama, Moore.
siva, Lef.
dorsalis, Walk.
Suana, Walker.
concolor, Walk.
Lebeda, Walker.
nobilis, Walk.
Syrastrena, Moore.
minor, Moore.
Dendrolimus, Germar.
pini, Linn.
Lharetta, Moore.
cinnamomea, Moore.
flammans, Hampson.
Arguda, Moore.
flavivittata, Moore.
bherola, Moore.
rosea, Hamps.
vinata, Moore.
rectilinea, Hamps.
decurtata, Moore.
albigutta, Walk,
Odonestis, Germar.
pruni, Linn.
hyrtaca, Cram.
punctata, Walk.
latipennis, Walk.
aconyta, Cram.
nanda, Moore.
fulgens, Moore.
lidderdablii, Butl.
ampla, Walk.
undans, Walk.
repanda, Walk.
recta, Walk.
obliquifascia, Swinhoe.
plagifera, Walk.
Trabala, Walker.
vishnu, Lef.
irrorata, Moore.
Pachypasa, Walker.
otus, Drury.
Trichiura, Stephens.*
crateegi, Linn.
ilicis, Ramb.
khasiana, Moore.
Chilena, Walker.
similis, Walk.
strigula, Walk.
Gloveria, Packard.
arizonensis, Pack.
dentata, Hy. Edw.
olivacea, Hy. Edw.
venerabilis, Hy. Edw.
gargamelle, Strecker.
diazoma, Grote,
Howardi, Dyar.
dolores, Neum. & Dyar.
Lastocampa, Schrank.
trifolii, Esper.
quercus, Linn.
Macrothylacia, Rambur.
rubi, Linn.
Edwardsimemna, Neum, & Dyar.
jalapse, Hy. Edw.
Pecilocampa, Stephens.
populi, Linn.
Artace, Walker.
punctistriga, Walk.
*This name should not be confounded with Trichura, Hubn., a genus of the
Euchromiide.
6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Tolype, Walker. Lenodora, Moore.
velleda, Stoll. vittata, Walk.
distincta, Moore. signata, Moore.
laricis, Fitch. semihyalina, Swinhoe.
brevicrista, Dyar. Cosmotriche, Hubner.
fHypopacha, Neum. & Dyar. potatoria, Fabr.
grisea, Neum. laeta, Walk.
Crinocraspeda, Hampson. divisa, Moore.
torrida, Moore. castanea, Hamps.
Malacosoma, Hubner. signata, Moore.
neustria, Linn. isocyma, Hamps.
pyriformis, Moore.
lineata, Moore.
Selenephera, Rambur.f
franconica, Esp.
intermedia, Mill.
alpicola, Staud. lunigera, Esp.
castrensis, Linn. Diplura, Rambur.
luteus, Oberth, loti, Ochs. NG,
Estigena, Moore,
pardalis, Walk.
Epicnaptera, Rambur.
testacea, Motsch.
indica, Walk.
americana, Fab. ; ilicifolia, Linn.
fragilis, Stretch. suberifolia, Dup.
pluvialis, Dyar. tremulifolia, Hubn.
ambisimilis, Dyar. americana, Harr..
californica, Packard. Dyari, Rivers.
constricta, Stretch. Stenophylloides, Hampson.
disstria, Hiibn. sikkima, Moore.
Alompra, Moore. Eutricha, Hubner.
ferruginea, Moore. quercifolia, Linn.
Lachneis, Hubner. populifolia, Esp.
catax, Linn. undulifera, Walk.
rimicola, Hubn. sinuata, Moore.
Eriogaster, Germar. divaricata, Moore.
lanestris, Linn. Eustaudingeria, Dyar.t.
Kosala, Moore. vandalicia, Mill.
sanguinea, Moore. Chondrostega, Lederer.
modulata, Swinhoe. pastrana, Led.
rufa, Hampson. subfasciata, Klug.
flavosignata, ‘Moore. farciana, Staud.
FHeteropacha, Harvey. hyrcana, Staud.
rileyana, Harv. paleestrana, Staud.
+Kirby (page 813) and Aurivillius are entirely at variance as to the type of this
genus. I follow the latter author, not having seen the original work.
tStaudingeria is preoccupied in the Pyralidz, —
~I
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES UPON SPHINX..CATALP AT COALBURGH, W. VA.
BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W. VA.
I never had seen the imago of this species until the present year,
and never saw the larva before 1896. Mr. Bruce tells me that it is a
common species in parts of the Southern States, and that the eggs are
laid in clusters, and the caterpillars are gregarious. In this paper I give
simply my own observations. Early in August, 1896, Iwas asked what
caterpillars were defoliating the Catalpa trees at Charleston, W. Va. It
was said that some trees were completely stripped. I was unable to
answer the question, as no caterpillar was shown to me. On my return
home, I looked at my own Catalpa trees, and the first one that I hap-
pened on gave me a score or more of larve, one or two on a leaf, on the
lower leaves of the tree. These larve were three to four inches long, and
evidently had passed their last moult. One young tree, perhaps ten feet
in height, with a top six feetin diameter, had been completely stripped
of leaves. I found a single caterpillar of Cata/p@ on it, to show what had
done the mischief. I put the larve into a large flowerpot two-thirds
filled with earth, and got, in a few days, some forty pupe. Supposing
these would go over to next year, I buried a few, and sent the rest to Mr.
Bruce. In about two weeks he discovered that the imagoes had come out
of his pup, and on examining mine the same result appeared.
On 4th October I discovered that a new brood of the larvze was
feeding, from one inch to one and three-quarters inches long ; great num-
bers on a leaf. One had 23 larve on, and it seemed as if every leaf on
the tree had more or less of them. I then went to a group of these trees
at three hundred feet distance, and found both young and nearly full-grown
larve ; plenty of them. I reared thirty-six larve to pupee, and all had
changed by 23rd October. It was evident that there had been two
broods of larve between middle of July and October, and it was probable
that here was a most destructive species newly come into this region,
that must have at least three broods in the season. I expected to see the
trees stripped early in 1897, and that every Catalpa leaf thenceforward
would have a struggle to live.
In spring of 1897 the first imago from these pup emerged 18th May,
and by 25th I had nine, every one of them males. Of my 36 pupz this
was all the outcome. During the year I watched the Catalpa trees, but
found no larvee of the Sphinx, and no traces of them: The species, there-
8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
fore, disappeared as suddenly as it came, and we hope to see it no more,
I inquired in Charleston, but could learn of no appearance of the larve
there. Certainly no Catalpa trees had been defoliated.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The annual meeting was held in London on the r2th and 13th of
October last, when the following were elected officers for the year 1897-8:
President—Henry H. Lyman, M. A., Montreal.
Vice-President—Professor J. H. Panton, M. A., F. G. S., Guelph.
Secretary—W. E. Saunders, London.
Treasurer—J. A. Balkwill, London.
Directors : Division No. 1—W. H. Harrington, F. R. S. C., Ottawa.
Division No. 2—J. D. Evans, Trenton.
Division No. 3—Arthur Gibson, Toronto.
Division No. 4--A. H. Kilman, Ridgeway.
Division No. 5—R. W. Rennie, London.
Ontario Agricultural College—Prof. J. H. Panton, Guelph.
Directors Ex-Officio (Ex-Presidents of the Society) :
Professor Wm. saunders, LE.D.,. F.B.S.C., ELS,
Ottawa.
Rey. -C.. 7 S. Bethune (SEA INCL. FBS.
Port Hope.
James Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Ottawa.
John Dearness, I.P.S., London.
Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London.
Auditors—J. H. Bowman and Wm. Lochhead, London.
Editor of the Canadian Entomologist--Rev. Dr. Bethune, Port Hope.
Lditing Committee—Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal ;
Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec; W. H. Harring-
ton, Ottawa ; James White, Snelgrove.
Delegate to the Royal Society—J. D. Evans, Trenton.
Delegates to the Western Fair—J. Dearness and W. E. Saunders, London,
Committee on Field Days—Drs. Woolverton and Hotson, Messrs. Ander-
son, Balkwill, Bowman, Elliott, Law, Rennie, Saun-
ders, and Spencer, London.
Library and Rooms Committee—Messrs. Moffat, Bethune, Dearness,
Saunders, and Balkwill.
te,
{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ON CUTEREBRA EMASCULATOR, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
SEVERAL ALLIED SPECIES.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Cuterebra emasculator, Fitch.—This species was supposed by Dr.
Brauer to be the same as his C. scute//aris, but an examination of Fitch’s
type, now the property of the National Museum, discloses the fact that it
is identical with C. fontinel/a, Clark. When describing the hairs of the
thorax as yellowish, Dr. Fitch had evidently examined them in a very
bright light, under which conditions they have a deceptive yellowish
appearance, but in reality are altogether black.
The following five species, which appear to be undescribed, belong
to the same group as /ontine//a, in which the hairs of the middle of the
mesonotum are black. They may be tabulated as follows :
t. Abdomen wholly polished, destitute of pollen. . aerate Haabces o
Abdomen partly opaque pollinose, hairs of Neuve pe or wholly
yellowish .. hcg: EN PR a sat Se all) alas oo hv
2. Hairs of pleura ee eilowishan BS Rol oe RES Na ae RO ©
Parson piethapwooly black .': «emp aNnumeeneuns. ; . tenebrosa.
3. Pleura with a cluster of black hairs ou the centre, front of male
three times as wide as the distance between the two posterior
ocelli . Na aig am 2 Sy eee .nitida.
Pleura Sp tanite ofa eae of bee ie fae of oat six ‘ae as
wide, etc. gs : ..polita.
4. With a cluster at black bags Mbave he centre a this es front of
male three times as wide as the distance between the two posterior
DGENR A eseea A iss ed oy ccm an datans Bela atic: «
under Xyleborus xylographus, was evidently Zomicus celatus, although
the galleries illustrated by Fitch resemble the work of a Pityophthorus
more than they do that of 7 celatus.
Some years after the publication of Say’s description, Ratzburg®
described the same thing under the name Xy/eborus saxeseni, which,
*Read by title before the W. Va. Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, Dec.
7th, 1897.
1. Ambrosia Beetles of the United States; H. G. Hubbard; Bull. No. 7, new
series, U, S. Department of Agriculture, Div. of Entomology, 1897, pp. 9-30; also
Year Book, 1896, pp. 421-430.
2. Bostrichus xylographus, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci,, Phila., 1826, Vol. V., p. 256.
3. Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania, 1806,
Quotation from Schwarz in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol, XVIII., p. 610,
4. Tomicus xylographus, Fitch, 4th Rep. Ins. of N. Y., 1858, p. 716.
5. Bull. 7, U.S. Ent. Com., Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees.
oD, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
according to Eichhoff’, was in use in Europe over fifty years before it was
determined that Say’s name had priority. Schwarz* had previously called
attention to the probable priority of Say’s name, and the confusion with
reference to Say’s description of the insect and galleries. The writer?
also referred to its identity with saxesené in 1893, and published brief
descriptions of the male in 1894"°. This, with descriptions and notes by
Zimmermann and Leconte’, and the publications previously cited, includes
about all of the literature in this country, but in Europe the literature is
more voluminous and includes, under the synonym X. saxeseni, quite full
accounts of its habits and distribution.
Geographical Distribution and Host Plants.
According to Eichhoff the distribution of this species extends over
“‘the greater part of Europe, Canary Islands, Japan (?), and North
America.” The species is evidently indigenous to Central Europe, or
wherever it infests the greatest variety of trees. Its recent or remote
introduction into any country will probably be indicated by its preference
for certain introduced or ornamental trees, and the extent to which it has
acquired the habit of infesting indigenous trees.
In Europe, Eichhoff and other observers found that it not only
infested the wood of oak, beech, birch, maple, poplar, linden, fruit, and
other deciduous trees, but that different conifers were also attacked by it.
Hubbard mentions that “it appears to be partial to rather hard wood,
like oak, hickory, birch and maple, and is found wherever these trees grow,
both in this country and Europe.” The results of my observations here in
West Virginia would indicate that it is confined almost exclusively to fruit
trees, especially to the wood of the apple, in which I have found it to be
exceedingly common in the vicinity of Morgantown. In my extended
6, Ratzburg Forstein, 1837, Vol. I., p. 168.
7. Letter from W. Ejichhoff to Dr. C. V. Riley in 1892, published in Proc. U. S,
Nat. Museum, Ibid p. 609, from which we quote the following: ‘‘ There cannot be the
slightest doubt that the species you sent me as Ayleborus xylographus, Say . . is
identical with the European -Y. saxesenz, Ratzburg. It is certainly remarkable that
this synonymy comes to light only now, and that Ratzburg’s name has to be suppressed
after it has been in use for more than fifty years. X. fz, Eich,, must now again take
its rank as a distinct species.”
8. Ento, Amer, II., p. 41.
g. Bull, 31, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Station, p. 136.
10. Sexual Characters in Scolytidz, CAN. ENT., Vol XXVI., p, 279. The male
had been previously described by Wisemann, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1846, p. 24.
I. Trans. Amer. Ent, $o., Sep. 1868, p. 145 and 160.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23
search for wood and bark beetles of all kinds in different sections of the
State, I have only one rececrd of this species or its work in the wood of
an indigenous tree, and that was in a hemlock drift log, near an old
orchard in which the insect was abundant. Fitch, Leconte and Packard
referred to the abundance of X. xylographus and Tomicus xylographus
under the bark of pine, but they were evidently referring, as Say did, to
the habits of Zomicus celatus, which, while a true bark-boring beetle, is
also a wood engraver.
Breeding and Feeding Habits.
The habits of X. xy/ographus are quite fully and accurately described
by Eichhoff', and recently Mr. Hubbard, in his excellent paper on the
ambrosia beetles of North America, has contributed additional informa-
tion, especially with reference to the ambrosia fungus upon which it feeds,
from all of which, together with what I can add from personal observa-
tions, we are enabled to present the following :
The fertilized females pass the winter in their brood chambers and
emerge in the spring (April and May, near Morgantown, W. Va.). They
are then attracted to sickly, dying or felled trees, in the living or moist
dead wood of which they prefer to excavate their brood galleries. A
crevice or opening in the bark, such as may be made by other insects, or,
as I have observed, those made by the yellow-bellied woodpecker, but
more commonly the edge of a wound, or a dead place on a living tree, is
selected as a favourite point of attack. Here a female will commence
the excavation of a mine, and after she has penetrated the wood a short
distance, another female (as I have observed) will come to her assistance,
one working at the excavation, while the other guards the entrance and
assists in expelling the borings. The primary or main gallery is usually
extended into the heartwood before eggs are deposited. When the
primary gallery is completed (according to Hubbard) a bed is provided
on the sides of the gallery for the propagation of the special species or
variety of ambrosia fungus which is to furnish food for the future broods.
The first set of eggs are few in number (five to ten) and are placed with-
out any protection on the sides near the end of the main gallery, or in
cavities or short branching galleries (Plate 3, fig. 7, 8), one-half to one
inch from the end, where, upon hatching, the young larve find a supply
of ambrosial food. After the first set of larve have attained considerable
size, another set of eggs are deposited, and so on at intervals until a
I, W, Eichhoff, European Barkenkafer, Berlin, 1881, pp. 280-281,
24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
large family is reared, in which eggs, larve of all stages of development,
pupee, and young and old adults are found crowded promiscuously in leaf-
like brood-chambers, which are continually broadened or extended by the
adults and possibly by the larvae, to make room for the increase. It
appears that the brood-chambers are broadened and extended by the
adults, and that the borings, mixed with the fungus, are softened and
furnish additional food for the larve and young beetles.’
Mr. Hubbard records the discovery of a death chamber, or a kind of
catacomb, in which the dead mother beetles and other dead friends or
foes of a large colony are consigned by the survivors. In some fresh
specimens of galleries before me (Plate 3, fig. 2 b b), I find the same
thing, but it appears that in addition to a resting place for the dead, it is
also utilized for the disposal of all objectional and refuse matter, which,
owing to the crowded condition of the chamber, cannot be conveniently
expelled from the entrance. One of the males found in this set of
chambers was excavating a burrow in the mass of material in the death
or garbage chamber. Whether he was excavating his own tomb, or simply
providing bachelor quarters, I cannot say.
The proportion of males in this, as in all other species of the genus
Xyleborus, is remarkably small. There are usually not more than three
males in the largest colonies, or groups of brood-chambers. It would
appear from observations made by Swiner and Eichhoff in Germany, and
the numerous colonies I have examined in this country, that there is, on
an average, about one male to twenty females. The males have no wings,
therefore probably do not leave the brood-chambers, but remain with the
over-wintering colony until all have emerged in the spring. They are
then left to be smothered in overabundant ambrosial food, or to the
tender mercies of predatory insect enemies which had previously been
prevented from entering the brood-chambers by one or more female
sentinels at the entrance. A few females may emerge from time to time
during the summer to start new colonies, but from the excessively crowded
condition of the brood-chambers during the fall and winter months, it
1. Nore,—lIn a brood-chamber before me just cut from a near-by apple tree, I find
a pupa minus an abdomen. No predaceous enemies can be found, but two or three
half-grown larve are in such a position as to make the circumstantial evidence quite plain
that they are to blame for the mutilation. |The remaining portion of the pupa is in a
normal condition, which would indicate that the attack had been recent and when the
victim was alive. This would also indicate that the helpless pupa may furnish food for
the larva in case of a scarcity of ambrosia, or that they may be thus disposed of to
prevent an overcrowded brood-chamber,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25
would appear that the older adults of the broods excavate branching
chambers in which new broods are developed, and that in these old and
new chambers they all pass the winter.
Enemtes.
A number of predaceous beetles and their larve may find their way
into the brood-chambers at unguarded moments and destroy a portion or
all of the colory. | This, like other species of ambrosia beetles, appears to
be aware of the danger from this source, at any rate, from the time the
first eggs are deposited until all the individuals of a colony have
developed and emerged from the brood-chambers, one or more adult
females serve on guard duty at the entrance, where their armed elytral
declivity (as shown in Plate 2, fig. 7 ; Plate 3, fig. 9) completely fills the
entrance gallery, thus presenting an impenetrable barrier against intruders.
It is therefore only at unguarded moments that the enemy can enter,
except, perhaps, the very young, microscopic larve of the predaceous
beetles, which may possibly pass the sentinels unobserved. ‘This guard
duty is an interesting feature of intelligence in the habits of all Scolytids.
In the case of bark beetles and other species in which the sexes are about
equally divided, the male is the sentinel, while the female excavates the
brood gallery. Perhaps there is no better example of unselfish devotion
to paternal duty than the male bark beetles, since they not only spend
their lives on guard, but die at their posts in order that their dead bodies
may continue to blockade the entrance to the brood galleries. In
Xyleborous, and others in which the females greatly predominate, one
or more females serve on guard duty.
The excessively crowded brood-chambers doubtless offer favourable
conditions for diseases, which may, as indicated by evidence before me’,
destroy an entire colony.
Relation of the Insect to the Health of the Trees Infested by Tt.
Eichhoff* was undecided as to whether or not the species did any
damage to the trees infested by it, but mentioned that it might prove
destructive to orchards or nursery trees. Hubbard? states that it ‘* breeds
only in dying trees,” but does much injury to the timber, causing defects
in the wood, and the writer‘ mentioned that it probably hastens the death
1. Ina brood-chamber before me a number of dead larve and pupe are found,
which have evidently died quite recently from a disease of some sort which cannot at
present be studied or determined,
2. European Bark Beetles, 1. c.
3- Ambrosia Beetles of North America, l. c.
4. Bull, 31, W. Va. Agri, Expt. Sta., 1. c.
26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of injured trees. Recently specimens were received from Dr. Fletcher
with the following statement in the letter accompanying them :
“I now send you a few specimens and will ask you for a line or two
on them. It is named Xy/eborus saxesenit by European specialists, and
is doing considerable harm to plum trees in England. Miss Ormerod
showed me the work and gave me the specimen. I told her . . . I
would submit it to you. . . . It was alive, with several others of
different ages, in a large flat cavity in a plum branch two inches in
diameter.”
The evidence I have been able to obtain from a somewhat extensive
study of the habits of this and other species of Xyleborus, leads me to
conclude that while they must have moist wood in which to develop a
brood and propagate the fungus upon which they feed, they all havea
decided preference for that of dead, dying, or at least unhealthy trees, be
they standing or felled, and in no instance have I found any species of the
genus entering the wood of any part of an uninjured and healthy living
tree. Even X. dispar, which has been recorded as infesting healthy wood
of fruit trees in Europe and this country, has not been observed by me
in healthy wood, although I have found examples of a species determined
by Eichhoff as X. dispar in the wood of a great variety of trees in West
Virginia’. X. xylographus comes nearer to attacking healthy wood of
living trees than any other species I have observed. It will attack living
trees, and has been frequently found in apparently healthy sapwood, but
in such instances it had entered through the dead or dying wood of a
wound or dead spot in the bark of the trunk or branches, as shown in
Plate 3, fig. 7.
Even if it did attack perfectly healthy trees, it could scarcely be the
primary cause of their death, unless the insects should occur in such vast
numbers as to completely fill the sapwood with entrance galleries and
brood-chambers, which in large trees is hardly possible, and in small
trees not at all probable. In fact, they seem to prefer to excavate their
brood-chambers in the heartwood, which, as is well known, is not a vital
part of the plant structure. If the healthy living sapwood is penetrated at
I. This statement is not meant to even suggest the inaccuracy of the records of
other writers, since I have reasons for doubting that the species I observed is a true X.
dispar, and even if it is, habits of the same insect may differ under different environ-
ments,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27
all, it is usually by the primary or entrance galleries, which could cause only
the slightest detriment to the vitality of the tree. The most vital part of
a tree (the healthy living cambium) is seldom if ever touched by these
insects, since they make their entrance through the dead bark or wood. If
they did penetrate the healthy cambium, it would be no more than a pin-
hole, which, even in great numbers, could scarcely do harm, since in
healthy, growing trees such wounds would rapidly heal.
This and other insects with like habits may, however, hasten or even
insure the death of unhealthy trees, since their entrance galleries may
contribute to the attack of harmful micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi)
which are ever ready to attack exposed plant tissue, and especially if the
vitality of the growing parts becomes in the slightest degree impaired.
This, it would seem, is the only way in which X. xylographus could affect
the vitality of the trees infested by it, but to what extent it may do so is
a problem for future investigation. It may, however, as suggested by
Hubbard, be the cause of serious defects in Jumber manufactured from
trees or logs containing its pin-hole galléries and broad, leaf-like brood-
chambers.
Preventives and Remedies.
From what is known of the habits of the insect, it would appear that
the best methods of preventing its attack is to keep all fruit trees in
nurseries and orchards in a vigorous, healthy condition, and during the
winter, or previous to the first of April each year, destroy by fire all the
unhealthy or dying or dead branches on trees, thus destroying the
colonies before they emerge in the spring. Wounds or dead places on
valuable trees may possibly be protected from the attack by the removal
of the dead bark and painting the dead surface, especially the edges,
with a strong solution of soap and water, undiluted kerosene emulsion,
melted grafting wax, or like substances.
Different Stages Briefly Described.
(See Plate 2.)
Egg (fig. 1): Length, .52-.55 mm.; width, .24-.26 mm.; yellowish
to pearly white ; shining ; ovate.
Larva, first stage (fig. 2.): Length, .60-.66 mm. ; width, ,20-.22 mm.:
white ; head broader than thoracic segments, and yellowish, with pale
brown mandibles ; body slender, narrowing to last abdominal segment ;
head and each segment clothed with long, fine white hairs, longest on the
last three abdominal segments, Intermediate stage; Length, 1.5-1.8
28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mm.; width, .50-.55 mm.; yellowish-white; slender; thoracic and abdom-
inal segments to seventh equal width (dorsal to ventral) and narrowing
from seventh to last; hairs fewer and shorter than in first stage ; head
with brown, longitudinal line in front and short longitudinal groove
above; mouth-parts darker. Matured larva (fig. 3.): Length, 2.8-3
mm. ; width (lateral view) about .88 mm. at third thoracic segment and
seventh abdominal, and .80 mm. at second to third, and narrowing from
seventh to .30 mm. at last abdominal ; colour, yellowish-white to yellow ;
head darker, with dark brown mandibles and brown longitudinal line,
depression less than in intermediate stages ; body stouter, thoracic seg-
ments much larger and head much smaller in proportion to body than
in first and intermediate stages ; segments and head sparsely clothed with
short, fine hairs ; mouth-parts as shown in fig. 8.
Pupa & (fig. 4.): Length, 2.4-2.5 mm.; width (lateral) about
.8 mm.; colour, yellowish-white to yellow; prothorax with dorsal
posterior margin elevated, forming a conical hump; mesoscutellum
prominently elevated and slightly bent forward; wing pads extended
to posterior ventral margin of the fourth abdominal segment, the tips
meeting or sometimes separated by a narrow space ; antennz prominent,
tip of clubs extending beyond the middle of the front coxze and to the
base of the front tibia ; hind tarsi-with tips extending to tips of wing pads.
The hairs, with which the front, the lateral and dorsal surface of the pro-
thorax and dorsal surface of the abdominal segments are sparsely clothed,
are fine and do not rise from tubercles.
Pupa fg: Length, 2 mm.; width (lateral) .7 mm.; easily distin-
guished from the female pupa by its smaller size and bent form; the
abdomen is narrower and the tip bent down until it is even with the
ventral edges of the wing pads ; the hairs are fewer but stiffer and longer
than on the female pupa.
Imago 9" (fig. 5): Length, 2.3-2.5 mm.; width (dorsal) .73-.74 mm.;
colour varies from yellowish-brown to black ; easily distinguished from all
other known species of the genus by its size and the sculpture of the
elytral declivity and the regular rows of small teeth on the first, third, .
fourth, and sometimes the fifth interspaces, as shown in fig. 7. There is
considerable variation in colour and in the number and rows of teeth.
1, Female—Bostrichus xylographus, Say, 1826, |. c.
Bostrichus saxesent, Ratzburg, 1837, |. c.
Tomicus dohrniz, Woll., 1854, Ins. Mad., p. 290.
Xyleborus dryographus, Ferrari, 1867, Barkenk., p. 20.
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXX. PLATE 3.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29
Imago 3° (fig. 6): Length, 1.66-2 mm.; width (dorsal) .86-.88 mm.;
easily distinguished by its general resemblance to the female,its small size,
slightly flattened and bent form.
Galleries (Plate 3, fig. 1): Width of entrance on primary galleries,
.8-.9 mm, ; width of brood-chambers from 1 to 20 mm.; length, 1-7 mm. ;
diameter, .g-1.1 mm.
Explanation of Plates.
Plate 2.—1. Egg x 25 diameters. 2. Larva, 1st stage, x 25 diam-
eters. 3. Matured larva x 12% diameters. 4. Pupax12%. 5. Imago
Q x15. 66 x15. 7. Elytral declivity x 25. 8. Mouth-parts of larve
x Too; 9. Antenna .x’ 100. 10, abrumi;x 100. 11. Maxilla x ‘100:
12. Front tibia x 100. 13. Tarsus x too. 14..Genitalia x 5o.
Plate 3.—1. Entrance gallery and brood-chambers in transverse
section : a, gallery of Stexoscelis brevis, Bok., utilized by X. xylographus ;
b rst, c second, d third, brood-chambers ;e, incompleted exit gallery ; f,
branching gallery evidenly for a fourth brood-chamber; g, dead and partly
dried wood ; h, living bark; i, living sapwood ; j, heartwood ; slightly
curved transverse lines represent annual growths of wood.
2. Same as fig. 1 in vertical section; 2b, rst brood-chamber, showing
death or garbage chamber at b b.; 3 and 4, transverse and vertical view
of set of brood-chambers all in living and partly living wood; 5 and 6,
entrance in dead wood, brood-chamber in living wood; 7, primary gallery
with two egg chambers; 8, egg chamber enlarged ; 9, female sentinels as
found at aa, fig. 2 ; 10, ambrosia fungus. All original and from fresh or
living material except 10, which is after Hubbard.
2, Male—Sostrichus saxesent, Wiesm., 1846, Stett., Ent. Zeit., p. 24.
Lostrichus decolor, Boield, 1859, Ann. Soc Ent. Fr., p. 479.
Xyleborus aescuiz, Ferrari (1867 ?), Barkenk., p. 22.
AXyleborus subdepressus, Rey , Rev. d’Ento. par Fauv. 2, 142.
Ayleborus xylographus, Hopk., 1894, Can. Env., vol. XXVI, p. 279.
PANURGINUS, CEYREATUS:
In Canap. ENTOM., 1897, p. 290, I referred the Cadliopsis clypeatus,
Cresson, to Panurginus. I had considered it probable that Panurgus
clypeatus, Eversmann, 1852, was really a Panurginus, but was not suffi-
ciently sure to venture upon changing the name of our insect. There has
just come to hand, however, an excellent little monograph of the
palearctic species of Panurginus, by Mr. H. Friese, and on p. 19 the
Eversmann species is definitely referred to that genus. 2. clypeatus
(Cress.) may therefore be called P. cressoniellus, n. n.
Mesilla Park, N. M., Jan, rz, 1898, T, D, A, COCKERELL.
30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS.
BY CARL F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALA,
LPilepsius areolatus, n. sp.
?.—Length 6.5 mm. Form of cimereus: Head narrower than
pronotum. Vertex distinctly angulate, a little longer than half width be-
tween eyes or half the length of pronotum ; nearly flat, slightly broadly
depressed on either side, the edge distinctly compressed. Front a half
longer than wide, nearly two and a half times the length of the clypeus,
sides rather strongly incurved at antennal sockets. Clypeus gradually
enlarged towards the truncate tip, its length once and a half the width at
tip. Width of pronotum nearly two and a half times the length, surface
neither punctured or wrinkled.
Colour cinereous. Vertex with two large fulvous clouds, a triangular
black spot either side of tip, and two black dots at base. Ocelli large,
white. Clypeus with two black dots near tip, lore and gene irregularly
dotted, and front with poorly-defined arcs. Pronotum anteriorly with
four indistinct fulvous blotches, posteriorly and scutel irrorate with ful-
vous. Elytra milky white, veins dark brown, the supernumerary veins
distinct and nunierous ; the other dark colouring bordering the cells, but
usually not touching the veins, producing a strongly areolate appearance ;
with darker costal dots. Legs with the following more conspicuous
markings: Fore femora with a black spot before near the apex, fore
tibie with three black spots before ; behind both are heavily irrorate with
black ; middle femora with a longitudinal black stripe behind, middle
‘tibie trimaculate ; hind femora and tibize with a longitudinal stripe be-
fore. Sternum with three dark spots oneither side. Venter, except along
the middle and dorsum, irrorate with dark.
Last ventral segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin
ttuncate, with a small median notch; lateral angles rather sharp,
The type specimen of this interesting species was collected at Onaga,
Kansas, by Mr. F. F. Crevecoeur. It is very distinct from anything in
the spatulatus group.
Phlepsius personatus, i. sp.
?.—Length 6mm. Form very closely resembling that of spatu-
Zatus, but smaller. Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex very obtusely
angulate, length three-fifths of width between eyes, or somewhat over half
the length of the pronotum ; surface gently convex, evenly rounded on to
the front, entirely without a compressed edge. Front nearly a half longer
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $4
than wide, two and one-half times the length of the clypeus, sides gently
incurved at the antennal sockets. Clypeus gradually enlarged towards
the truncate tip, basal suture obsolete. Width of pronotum scarcely two
and one-fourth times the length, surface sparsely punctured.
Colour pale cinereous. Head washed with fulvous, with few dark
marks, but the arcs on front distinct ; antennal pits, eyes, and a narrow
longitudinal area on the pleura back of eyes, dark brown, giving the in-
sect a very unique appearance. Pronotum obscurely irrorate with fulvous.
Basal angles of scutel broadly fulvous. Elytra milky white, vermicula-
tions very fine, faint, and evenly distributed ; without supernumerary
transverse veins ; legs without marks, except the usual dots at bases of
spines.
Last ventral segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin
truncate, with a small median notch; lateral angles very obtuse.
Described from a single specimen collected at Yuma, Ariz., July 6th,
1897, by Prof. A. P. Morse. This species resembles a small sfatwlatus,
which is its nearest relative, but differs in size, colour and genital charac-
ters.
Philepsius texanus, 0. sp.
Q.—Length 7.5mm. Form nearest to that of punctiscriptus, which
it also resembles in some other characters. Head slightly broader than
pronotum. Vertex little produced, very obtusely angulate, length one-
third of the width between the eyes, or somewhat more than one-third
the length of the pronotum ; surface sloping, slightly transversely de-
pressed, meeting the front in a very obtuse angle, edge not at all com-
pressed. Front a third longer than wide, sides evenly curved from the
vertex to the clypeus, not at all bent opposite the antennx. Clypeus
slightly enlarged towards the truncate tip, length once and three-fourths
the width at tip. Width of pronotum once and seven-eighths the length,
surface obscurely punctured.
Colour cinereous, with a faint fulvous tinge on vertex, pronotum, and
scutel. Vertex irrorate with brown, face dark fulvous, except numerous
small round light dots all over, and several larger light spots on front ;
the ocelli in white dots. Pronotum coarsely irrorate with brown, more
strongly so in an irregular band between the hind angles of the eyes.
Scutel with two black dots on each lateral margin. Elytra milky, and, ex-
cept in frequent small irregular areas, marked with fine dots and very fine
vermiculations, the latter short, rather few in number and radiating from
OD THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the veins, without supernumerary transverse veins. Commissural and
apical costal margins each with two larger dark spots. Femora more or
less completely heavily triannulate with dark, the fore and middle tibiz
more or less completely quadriannulate ; hind tibiz with large dots at
bases of spines and tip, black.
Last ventral segment once and a half times as long as preceding,
hind margin black and slightly sinuate, hind angles narrowly, somewhat
acutely, produced nearly a third the length of the segment.
¢ more slender. Length 7 mm. Plate short, broadly triangular.
Valves short, each about as broad as long, outer edge obtusely angled be-
low, tips bluntly rounded, far exceeding the extremely short pygofers.
Described from several specimens in the National Museum collec-
tion, from Texas. This species is very distinct from any described North
American: form. It resembles pumnctiscriptus somewhat, but differs in
structure of head, genitalia of both @ and %, and in markings.
Philepsius Rileyt, ni. sp.
@.—Length 7.5 mm. Nearest ¢fexanus. Head slightly broader
than pronotum. Vertex rather strongly angularly produced, length little
less than one-half of the width between the eyes, or about one-half the
length of the pronotum ; surface sloping, slightly transversely depressed,
meeting the front in a very obtuse angle, edge not at all compressed.
Front somewhat less than a third longer than wide, sides evenly curved
from vertex to clypeus, not at all bent opposite the antenne. Clypeus
slightly enlarged towards the truncate tip ; length once and three-fourths
the width at tip. Width of pronotum nearly twice the length ; surface
sparsely punctured.
Colour pale fulvous. Markings as in fexanus, except paler and more
uniform on vertex, and no indications of a band on the pronotum ; the
whole insect of a more distinctly fulvous cast.
Last ventral segment twice the length of the preceding, entire hind
margin in two large evenly rounded lobes, the notch between them V-
shaved.
Described from material in the National Museum, collected in Texas.
This species has no relative nearer than the ¢exanus, from which it differs
in proportions of head and pronotum and in the genitalia. The genitalia
of the female resemble somewhat those of zzcisws, but that species differs
widely in form and coloration, Named after Dr. Riley, in whose collec-
tion it first occurred.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ao
NOTES ON :-COLEECTING “AT LIGHT.”
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.
Until last year (1897), owing to the lack of suitable surroundings, I
had made no attempt at systematic collecting “at light.” Now, as the
result of this one season’s capture, I am firmly convinced that this method
of collecting is the very best way in which to make a large collection
quickly and to secure in abundance species hitherto rarely met with or
entirely new. For all night-flying species no other way of collecting has
ever proved so profitable with me, and a short account of my experiences,
with notes of some of the captures made, may be of interest. To begin
with, this was my fourth collecting season in Manitoba, but until this year
the good things taken at light were few and far between. Locality is
everything, and my surroundings in previous years consisted of too much
brick and mortar and too little of nature’s clothing. At the end of May
this year I moved to Fort Rouge, a suburb of Winnipeg, situated between
the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. Formerly the whole of this was “‘ bush,”
with some good timber along the river banks. I am glad to say that a
goodly portion of Fort Rouge is still “‘ bush,” with here and there a little
clearing, sufficient to allow of a residence or so; sometimes just enough
only for the house, which when the trees are in full foliage may be com-
pletely shut in. Where I live the place is more settled, but still plenty of
thick bush about, here and there, if only in small pieces. In June my
yard (out of politeness perhaps it should be styled garden) was full of
wild rose bushes, the flowers of which adorned our tables and perfumed
our rooms for more than a month. The children stepped outside the
back gate to pick flowers and wild strawberries ; at the side of the house
and along the roadway in front on both sides, white clover was everywhere
in profusion, and the air was laden with the scent. And yet the road is
block-paved, and the electric cars pass along it, and a ride of eight minutes
on my wheel will take me to my office in the heart of this city of 40,000
or more people. .
I may say here that all my collecting “ at light” was done from an
upstairs window—that of my sanctum—facing nearly west ; at one side of
the window is a small poplar, and on the other, further away, close to the
house is a good-sized oak tree, denuded of most of its boughs, and a few
other small trees. What will some day (all too soon) be a road along the
side of the house is still covered with bushes, with here and there a tree.
To the right looking out of the window are three arc lights, all within
34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
about 100 yards of the house, the nearest perhaps not more than 50 yards
from the front door. What effect these lights had on my collecting is en-
tirely conjectural ; sometimes I have been inclined to think that it was
owing to the quantity of things drawn to the neighbourhood by them that
I did so well; at others, that owing to their superior brilliancy or attrac-
tiveness I got but a small share of the things that were flying, in which
case the quantity of insects around these electric lights some nights must
have been enormous. I must confess that sometimes a wish entered my
mind that these lights would go out, so that my small one might have no
opposition.
Enough of the surroundings, now for the experiences or results.
My first venture was made on the evening of the 27th of June, and
with the exception of a few nights when the moon shone too brightly, I
tried light nearly every evening, for a longer or shorter time, according to
“the profits,” until I went to Brandon, Man., on the 5th of August. On
my return at the end of that month I resumed collecting in this way until
well on in September, but the weather was very unfavourable and I took
little, as compared with the July catches ; the nights were either too light
outside or too windy, and during the whole month no rain fell, so that the
conditions can hardly be said to have been suitable, not affording a fair
test. Though I am well satisfied with the gifts showered upon me, it is
still a matter of regret that I did not commence a month earlier in the
season and that I lost nearly the whole of August as well, for I have no
doubt that I missed many a good thing not yet represented in my
collection.
It was owing to my inability to get out for any day or evening
collecting during June (due to pressure of business and domestic disar-
rangements) that I bethought me of collecting “at light”; had it been
otherwise, I dare say my light collecting would never have seen a begin-
ning, nor a continuation, had not I met with such unexpected, surprising
and encouraging success at the outset.
The very first captures at light on June 27th were Leucania albilinea,
and Plusia Putnami and striatella ; these were followed after an interval
by Plusia insolita and ampla; the Sphingide were represented by Smer-
inthus geminatus and Paonias excecatus ; the Bombycide, by Cerura
occidentalis, Tortricidia testacea, several species of Schizura, Edema al-
bifrons, Nadata gibbosa, Notodonta elegans, Pheosia dimidiata, Crocata
immaculata by the dozen, etc.; the Noctuidw, besides those already men-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35
tioned, included such nice things as Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides,
Charadra deridens (1), Diphthera fallax (1), Raphia frater, in plenty, sev-
eral species of Acronycta, Microccelia, Rhynchagrotis, and a fair propor-
tion of common things ; the Geometridz were also well represented, such
hitherto rare species (with me) as Metanema inatomaria and Phasiane
mellistrigata being among the commonest, while several] large, handsome
species put in an appearance ; these are new to my local list and still
await identification. The ‘‘ Micros” were almost without number, and
selection was a difficult matter. My diary records that the evening was
warm and moist, and that it was 3:30 a. m. before I sought my couch.
June 28th was another good evening, while it lasted, but I retired at
a much earlier hour.
June zoth: I have called this a beetle evening in my diary, nothing
else coming in until quite late. Agonoderus pallipes was a nuisance, as
were also several species of smali water beetles; among the good things
were some species of Lebia, a new ‘‘ Longhorn,” weevils, etc.
July 1st was another capital evening, my notes say ; three species of
Sphingidz new to the district—one of these was Sphinx albescens ; more
new Bombycide, including Phyllodesma americana, etc.
July 2nd: Onthis evening the Sphingidz stayed at home, or at any
rate remained outside, but their place was well filled by more Plusia stria-
tella (5) and ampla (2); also another insolita; Putnami and zreoides were
plentiful ; Abrostola urentis and Deva purpurigera also made their first
call; Metathorasa monetifera was more timid, only one putting in an ap-
pearance, and this species did not occur again. ‘Two species of Carad-
rina were taken, mirandaand punctivena—the latter being quite abundant
—also Noctua Treatii (3); Pyrrhia exprimens, Leucania commoides and
Cucullia florea were well represented. Carneades divergens and Mamestra
lorea came in in such numbers as to be almost anuisance. The Bomby-
cide included a single Halisidota maculata and Argryrophyes cilicoides ;
the latter species I understand is quite a rarity.
July 3rd: Arctia virgo and Dryopteris rosea came in first on this
date. On the 5th my diary records the running out of pins and the mak-
ing of new setting-boards, as one result of the quantity of “ stuff” taken.
July 6th: A Dryopteris irrorata gladdened my eyes on this even-
ing. (The second one of these caught came in on the 8th.)
July 7th: Pallachira bivittata, a handsome and very rare “snout ”
moth, appeared on the scene. I got two; during the next few evenings
I took more of them ; in all, six being secured,
10) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
July 8th: The most noticeable things were Ceratomia undulosa and
several large species of Acronycta and Mamestra.
July 9th: The first species of Ichthyura, namely, albosigma, was
captured on this evening.
The next few evenings were too light outside and I got little, but I
mention the capture on the roth of Crambidia pallida; this species be-
came fairly common later on in the month.
July 15th: This evening I took four fresh Plusia bimaculata and
some striatella, several Mamestra assimilis and Hadena impulsa, a fine
Cerura occidentalis, Clisiocampa fragilis, more Dryopteris rosea, and an-
other pair of the tiny white Bombycid, Argryrophyes cilicoides, etc.
July 18th: Another Cerura, Arctia Saundersii, Carneades flavicollis
and silens, and Orthosia Conradi (?) were among my visitors this evening.
July roth: This was my record evening of the season, and one in
another way as well, it being 4 o’clock when I put out my light and re-
tired for the night (?). It was another wet night, and stormy at intervals.
I was first of all deluged with mosquitoes, and a small green tree-hopper ;
these were soon joined by swarms of Crambidz, among which Crambus
unistriatellus was the most conspicuous. The larger moths included a
dozen or more of the two species of Arctia already recorded, half a dozen
Parorgyia plagiata, three species of Ichthyura, Cerura cinerea (the only
example taken), more of the little white Bombycid, several species of
Schizura and Janassa lignicolor ; the three specimens of the moth last
named appeared on the scene almost at the same moment. Some of the
common Noctuids,such as Feltia jaculifera, Noctua fennica and haruspica,
Hadena lignicolor, Mamestra lilacina, Hydrecia nictitans, and others,
were becoming troublesome. This was a great evening for Noctuids ;
some of the particularly showy species were Hadena adjuncta and misel-
oides, Trachea delicata, Mamestra lubens, Plusia striatella, bimaculata
and viridisignata (1), the last Plusia being an addition to my local list. I
also took one Acronycta hamamelis, and impressa was quite plentiful.
Senta defecta turned up for the first time, and in extraordinary abundance ;
I could easily have bottled 100 of them; a Tineiid, somewhat smaller,
but mimicking this species in colour and markings, was nearly equally
common. In Geometers, I got six or more Plagodis rosaria—previously
represented in my collection by a single specimen, taken at Brandon in
1896—and several large green Geometers, for which I have not yet suc-
ceeded in getting a name; and there were many other species.
[TO BE CONTINUED. |
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ST
TE OO: BOP eee ORy CsA NAD A.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
XXVIII. THe CERAMBYCIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.
Liopus, Serv.
Resembles the preceding genus in form, but the angulation or
tuberculation of the prothoracic flanks is better marked. The Canadian
species are few. Mr. Leng has thus defined them, following, in the
main, a previous arrangement of Dr. Horn:
A. Front flat, mouth in same plane. Elytra without angular mark
posteriorly, sides of thorax arcuate, the spine small and acute.
Elytra without erect scales. .24-.48 in........vardegatus, Hald.
AA. Front convex, mouth slightly retracted ; lateral spine of prothorax
rather distant from base. Elytra without distinct tufts of erect
scales.
b. Elytra with an acutely angular band behind the middle, which
is, however, sometimes wanting.
Surface finely punctured, almost impunctured behind the
Band.) .16=; 28 1s i.e, .. alpha, Say.
Surface more coarsely punctured very deanedy so behind
the band. .16-.28 in. ans er eee ease cinereus, Lec.
bb. Elytra with a feebly marked post-median band of whitish
ae in place of the angulate line. .20-—.25
0 ee ; peas .. punctatus, Hald.
Liopus alpha aia cinereus are attend by Mr. fone under the former
name, the differences given above becoming evanescent in long series. Z.
vartegatus is said to breed in box elder, Z. a/pha in apple, and Z.
cinereus in hickory and locust.*
LEPTURGES, Bates.
In this genus the spine of the prothorax is quite near the base. The
following table has the same origin as the preceding:
A. Lateral spine of prothorax rather broad, very close to the base.
Colour usually pale with short gray pubescence, black markings
as follows: Four spots on the thorax, two on each elytron near
the base and close to the suture, a lateral stripe before the middle
connected with a broad irregular transverse band, and three (often
*In the table of genera the genus Leféostylus is said to have the prothoray “* fully
tuberculate.” It shoyld read *‘ feebly tuberculate.”
38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
united) spots near apex arranged in the arc of acircle. These
markings may vary in either direction, so that specimens may be
nearly black or almost entirely pale. .28-.36 in. . symmetricus,Hald.
AA. Lateral spine more slender, less close to base, tip recurved. Elytra
fasciate with black.
b. Post-median fascia ee broadly interrupted at suture.
Mort =. 30-1 Giahe-aupceseay a cient fit Waals SCROLYS Aaa.
bb. Post-median fascia entire, not eee teoadl
Fascie oblique on each elytron, apex not black. .18-.24
1S eee ona Nettie: ..guerct, Fitch.
Fasciee ngnevene Mies Mise ‘blab, 12-. 63 in. .facetus, Say.
A few notes have been published on food habits: Z. s¢gmatus has
been found on dead sumach twigs, Z. guerci on oak, butternut and
hickory, Z. facefus on juniper. The last has also been bred from beech
and hickory.
HyperpLatys, Hald.
H. aspersus, Say, and HZ. maculatus, Hald., occur in Canada,
according to the Society List. They are considered by Mr. Leng as
races of one species, which should be calied by the former name. The
ground colour appears to be of a brownish or bluish-gray, the upper
surface maculate with numerous small roundish black spots. For
convenience the characters on which the names are based are copied
from Dr. Horn.
Elytra twice as long as wide at base. Antenne in both sexes at
least twice as long as the body..................aspersus, Say.
Elytra broader, not twice as long as wide. eee not reaching
twice the length of the body in either sex ......macudatus, Hald.
Length, .14-.26 inch. Breeds in poplars and apple twigs.
ACANTHOCINUS, Steph.
Only one species occurs with us, A. obsoletus, Oliv., found about
pine lumber. It is a grayish beetle, .40-.60 in. long, the elytra coarsely,
not closely, punctured, with a rather indistinct raised line (costa) on each.
The ornamentation consists of a number of small dark blotches and three
undulated elytral bands, which are often more or less broken up. The
resemblance to some beetles of neighbouring genera is quite close, so
that careful reference should be made to the characters given in the
preceding table,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39
GRAPHISURUS, Lacordaire.
The Canadian records include G. /asciatus, DeG., and G. ¢rz-
angulifer, Hald., but it is quite likely that the latter reference is incorrect,
the species being more essentially southern, and occurring from Missouri
and Ohio to the Gulf States.
Stouter, pubescence of upper surface mostly ochreous. Prothorax
pale at sides, this pale area enclosing a few small black spots ;
median stripe broad, dark, and in turn enclosing three (2 sub-apical,
1 sub-basal) ochreous spots. Elytra with ochreous pubescence
marked by many very small black spots, especially towards the
sides, scutellar area black, as is also a sub-humeral blotch, a large
many-angled, intensely black post-median blotch,not extending quite
to the suture, and a sub-apical angulate mark. Tarsi equal in width
in Doth.sexes. © .52—.547in. ie eee: 4 treangaléfer,,Hald:
More elongate, pubesence of upper surface chiefly grayish, except
for dark markings, which consist of small, closely-placed spots and
blotches. ‘I’hese form a tolerably distinct line on each side of the
middle of the prothorax, and usually also an ante-median and
post-median irregular elytral fascia. Anterior and middle tarsi of
male broader than in female. .32-.561in. (Fig.
Ko RN ee ee OS: Sie ya re rae Ola Gk
G. fasciatus is common in the lake regions, and
is said to breed in oak and maple. G. ¢riangulifer
was found in the larval state boring under bark of
injured hackberry trees (Celtis texana) by Mr.
Schwarz.
CERATOGRAPHIS, Gahan.
Here belongs C. diguttata (Liopus biguttatus,
* Lec.), which is unknown to me. Aside from the
Fic. 3. generic characters, it is stated to be “elongate,
scarcely depressed, testaceous, pubescence brownish. Elytra indistinctly
mottled, each with an oblique black band behind the middle.” Length,
.36 in.
DoRCASCHEMA, Lec.
Represented in Canada by VD. nigrum, Say, which has been bred-
from hickory limbs. It is easily recognized by the long antenne, entirely
black colour and cylindrical form, the prothorax tubularly narrowed
behind the middle, and with rugose disk. The elytral punctures are clear
40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and deep, not very large nor crowded. Under surface clothed with pale
pubescence, which gives a leaden effect. Length, .32-
.40 In.
ONCIDERES, Serv.
The “hickory girdler,” O. cingulatus, Say (fig. 4),
is the only Canadian species. . It is variable in colour,
but the northern forms will approximate the following
description: Brownish or reddish yellow, prothoracic
spine blunt or wanting ; elytra with a broad transverse
band . of (usually) cinereous pubescence and with:
scattered yellow spots, these latter sometimes forming
tolerably regular rows. , Length, .56-.68 in. = Dr.
Hamilton says that it occasionally girdles pear, apple,
plum, linden, elm, and various other trees.
AMPHIONYCHA, Lec.
A. flammata, Newm., is .24— 38 in. long, black, clothed with erect
dark hairs, the head with two yellow spots or stripes ; the sides of the
thorax are broadly, those of the elytra (usually nearly to tip) narrowly,
yellow. The elytral punctuation is very close and coarse. Antenne
clothed with long hairs. Care should be taken not to mix this species
with Lupogonius subarmatus, which it very closely resembles.
SAPERDA, Fabr.
All of the North American species have been found in Canada, so
we reproduce entire the table given by Dr. Hamilton in Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., XXIII. The larve of all mine in living trees, hence they are
extremely destructive.
A. Elytra separately acuminate at tip. Colour yellowish-brown,
with oblique darker bands. .64-.76 in.........o0bligua, Say.
AA. Elytra rounded at tip, with an acute sutural spine. Pubescence
cinereous, variegated with fulvous (or nearly uniform brownish-
yellow in the var. adspersa, Lec.), shot with numerous black
denuded points, thorax vittate. 1.00-1.25 in...ca/carata, Say.
AAA. Elytra obliquely narrowed and prolonged at tip, slightly
dehiscent, coarsely punctate. Pubescence thin, cinereous, varie-
gated with fulvous patches. Thorax trilineate with fulvous.
Antenne conspicuously annulated with white. .36-—.60
POS) bes v9: 4 F's OE Barnes BO AIRIMEEETOOe oasis, pantie vont RtteL AR Aan er iy ema
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4]
AAAA. Elytra rounded at tip.
b. Elytra vittate or with lateral stripes.
Pubescence silvery white; thorax and elytra with
\ three broad ee brown vitte. .60-.80 in.
is (Bigs. 53)" ese 5% F .candida, Fabr.
Pubeseenaett cinereous ; ead bat aia with bright
yellow pubescence, six black denuded spots on
thorax. Elytra with broad marginal and sutural
stripe bright yellow. .37-.40 in... puncticollis, Say.
Pubescence grayish. Elytra with broad submarginal
stripe, and sometimes also the suture narrowly
yellowish-scarlet. A broad stripe on each side of
thorax. Surface colour piceous, punctures coarse.
736=.60 1D we 03. 8 steric.» . dateralis, Fabr.
Pubescence grayish. Aare ans Broad submarginal
stripe (extending also along sides. of thorax)
yellowish-scarlet, connected with which are three
oblique bands, which may reach the suture or be
reduced to mere short projections, surface colour
piceous,punctuation finer. .36-.52..¢7zdentata,Oliv.
bb. Elytra with white pubescent spots. Surface brown.
Thorax with two white stripes, besides a narrow discal
white line. Elytra each with two large white spots,
sides of under surface white. .40—.80 in.cretata, Newm.
Thorax with two white stripes, no discal line. Elytra
each with a humeral and two subsutural white spots,
sometimes becoming obsolete in the male. Under
side altogether or with sides white. .40—.48 in.
a ; : ..fayt, Bland.
bbb. Elytra each With three small denuceel sate sometimes
wanting. Pubescence dense, uniformly olivaceous or
yellowish-brown. .48-.76 WS Ae peas vestita, Say.
bbbb. Elytra with a transverse undulate fascia ; surface colour
piceous to an Pee coarse and deep.
.60 in. Sa ee nee . discoidea (9), Fabr.
bbbbb. Elytra Hm cniGious, not ‘vaneenea
Thorax with a broad denuded stripe each side of
the median line. Piceous to ferruginous, under side
with dense grayish - white pubescence. .40
Wei el rds +s + oatalsutaarmeenaneee @Escotdes (d-)p abr,
49 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Thorax with a denser line of gray pubescence each side,
black, coarsely punctured, pubescence thin, grayish
or (in Pacific Coast specimens) fulvous. .32-
‘36 Ins % ass Pana tee) 3.0 ARI Toe
Thoracic pubesoeive Aupitoutn! Black, densely clothed
throughout with cinereous pubescence, less coarsely
punctured. .44-—.48 in.............concoler, Lec.
Some of the recorded food plants of the species of Saperda are as
follows: S. ob/igua has been found in the adult state on black alder ;
S. calcarata breeds in various poplars and in basswood ; S. candida in
apple, crab apple, mountain ash, juneberry and hawthorn ; S. puneticollis
in poison ivy ; S. datera/is in hickory, elm and witch-hazel ; S. tridentata
chiefly in elm, also in maple ; S. crefata and S. fayi in thorn ( Crate-
-gus),; S. vestita in basswood ; S: dscoidea in hickory and butternut; 5S.
masta in poplars ; and S. concolor in poplars and willows.
Eupoconius, Lec.
Three species are known from Canada. They may be known thus:
A. Elytra black, punctuation coarse quite to apex. Thorax black, with
a broad line of yellow pubescence near each lateral margin.
PAB ASOT UB oe Le Bake ieis waite ale neta leliege Ss See NLT MINE OS; lene
AA. Elytra piceous or castaneous, punctuation finer or even obliterated
towards apex ; Elytra castaneous, punctuation finer, almost oblit-
erated at tip ; pubescence grayish or yellowish, forming reticula-
MONS2 4. 2O——. 82 ID. 2.2 cis ess «ce Oe es «.', VOUMAMLOSUS EA Aen
Elytra piceous, punctuation stronger, pubescence luteous, forming
small mottlings or patches. .24—.36in...,.......vestitus, Say.
Of these, 2. subarmatus bores in elm, &. tomentosus in pine and
hickory, 2. vestztus in hickory.
HoptosiaA, Muls.
Represented by H nuudila, Lec., which is described by the author as
being .35 in. long, blackish piceous, pclished, irregularly clothed with
short, dense cinereous pubescence, thorax with acute lateral spine,
elytra with large, closely placed punctures anteriorly, tip rounded. It
lives on basswood.
POGONOCHERUS, Latr.
Two small blackish species belong here. They are variegated with
whitish or grayish pubescence, and the elytra are truncate, more or less
dentate at tip. P. penicillatus, Lec., is .24 in. long, blackish ; elytra with
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
sub-basal band of grayish pubescence,well marked lateral costa, and with
a row of five or six tufts of erect black sete. PP. mixtus, Hald., is .20-
.28 in. long, much resembling the former species, but the lateral costz of
the elytra are indistinct and the tufts wanting. The extent of the pubes-
cent bands is variable. The elytra are clothed with erect black bristles,
in addition to the short pubescence. Bred from dead willow branches,
and found also on pear trees, while I have taken it quite abundantly on
poplar logs.
Ecyrus, Lec.
E.. dasycerus, Say, has been bred from dead hickory limbs by Dr.
Hamilton. It is from .24-.32 inch long, brownish or cinereous, thorax
without well-marked tubercles, disk with two longitudinal approximate
dark lines, usually rather indistinct. Elytra with black arcuate band near
base, a number of black points (consisting of bundles of hairs) arranged
in series, and a common indistinct white band behind the middle, which
may sometimes be wanting. The antenne are hairy beneath.
OBEREA, Mulsant.
Contains very elongate, cylindrical species, easily recognized by
their facies. Some of them are quite variable in colour, and hence the
number of names proposed is in considerable excess of the species now
recognized. Mr. Leng has tabulated them according to structural
characters, leaving only three specific names to cover all the recorded
Canadian forms, thus :
Thorax with four callosities ; ee of female strongly pro-
tuberant. .45-.60 in....... Delevan. sak Ochewuee, © weds
Thorax with two callosities ; Seidel a female feebly protuberant.
AORTA tae pence he) be. ee 7a . .tripunctata, Swed.
Thorax Hae eine elytra aeuecen SP oiakcent .60-.70
in.. oh aaaata ae as .rupficollis, Fabr.
The Hesetas varieties ars eieped ati are thus See by Mr. Leng ;
amabilis is said to scarcely differ from mandarina :
Body beneath black ; legs nearly or quite black.
Thorax yellow, with two discal and an antescutellar spot
black . : .tripunctata, || Fabr.
Thorax yellow, ‘with two discal spots ‘alone black. bimaculata, Oliv.
Body beneath in great part yellow ; head yeilow, thorax with two
discal and an antescutellar spot black........ mandarina, Fabr.
Most of the species of Oderea are found about raspberry and
blackberry, in the canes of which they bore. However, O, Schaumii and
Q. mandarina breed in twigs of cottonwoad,
4f THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
TETRAOPES, Serv.
Moderate sized, stout insects, with short antenne and _ strongly
tuberculate thorax. They are found on Asclepias, the common milkweed,
in the stems and roots of which they are said to breed. The two
Canadian species may be known thus :
Smaller (.32-.48 in.); body beneath, legs and antennz, black.
Above red; scutellum, four spots on the thorax and elytral
markings (a spot on the umbone, a large median heart-shaped
blotch and broad common apical space), black. These mark-
ings are liable to some variation through extension or diminu-
HON: 2). : .cantertator, Drap.
Larger (.36-. 56. in.) ; ground colours. and thoracic ornamentation
about as in the preceding species, the front angles and basal
margin sometimes also dark. Elytra with umbonal, two ante-
median (one subsutural, one discal) and one post-median spot on
GACH a eaC Ks. coe .tetraophthalmus, Forst.
The bibliography of the North American Cerambycidee i is very exten-
sive. Aside from detached descriptions of species and biological notes,
the following papers, which are more or less synoptic or monographic in
form, are recommended for consultation :
1847. Haldeman, S. S. Materials towards i hision of the Coleop-
tera Longicornia of the United States. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Additions
and Eocene to same, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. IV.
1850-1852. Leconte, J. L. An attempt to classify the Longicorn
Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.
1873. Leconte, J. L. New species of North American Coleoptera,
Part 1I., Smithsonian Institution. Contains tables of several genera.
1878. Horn, Geo. H. Notes on some genera of Cerambycide of the
United States: Tr. Am. Ento. Soc.
1880. Horn, Geo. H. Notes on some genera of Cerambycide, with
descriptions of new species. Tr. Am. Ento, Soc.
1885. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of some new Cerambycide, with
notes. ‘Tr. Am. Ento. Soc.
1884-1890. Leng, C. W. Synopses of Cerambycide. Begun in
Bulletin Brooklyn Ento. Soc., Vol. VII., continued in Entomologica
Americana, Vols. I-VI. Contains tables of ali genera up to and includ-
ing the Lepturoides. .The remainder are treated-in a paper, cited below,
by the same author in collaboration with Dr. Hamilton.
1890. Casey, Thos. L. _Coleopterological Notices, II. Ann. N. Y.
Acad. of Science. Tables of Zrgates and Zragosoma.
1891 Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, III. Ann. N.
Y. Acad. of Sci. Contains synopses of several of the smalier genera.
' 1893. Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, V. Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. Tables of four genera.
1896. Leng, C. W., and Hamilton, John, The Lamiine of North
America. Trans, Am, Ento, Soc, Pr
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
THE MONTREAL BRANCH.
The 211th regular monthly meeting of the Montreal Branch of the
Entomological Society of Ontario was held on rrth January, at 74 Mc-
Tavish street; Mr. Henry H. Lyman, president, in the chair. Dr. James
Fletcher, F. L.S., F. R. S. C., the Government Entomologist, had come
down from Ottawa to attend the meeting, and gave a full and most
interesting account of the San José scale, the insect pest which is so
destructive to the fruit-growing industry, and the introduction of which
into Canada from infected nurseries in the United States has caused such
widespread alarm. Dr. Fletcher gave an account of its life history,
described the features which distinguish it from other and comparatively
harmless scale insects, and the most approved remedies for controlling
and, if possible, exterminating it. A hearty vote of thanks to Dr.
Fletcher was unanimously passed. The President read a letter from Mr.
John G. Jack, now of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, who
still keeps up his membership in the Branch, announcing the donation of
three valuable United States Government reports to the library of the
Branch. A cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Jack was unanimously adopted.
The President read a paper entitled “ Further Notes on the Genus
Chionobas,” illustrated with specimens of nearly all the known species
and varieties from this continent, as well as some from the Old World.
After discussion and the examination of many interesting specimens,
among them some brought back by the Hudson’s Bay expedition from the
far north, the meeting adjourned.
NEWS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL
MUSEUM.
The collection of insects of the U. S. National Museum at Washing-
ton is rapidly increasing. A great donation, the details of which have
just been completed, is the large Hubbard and Schwarz collection of
Coleoptera. This is one of the first collections of Coleoptera in the
United States. It comprises from 10,000 to t2,000 species brought
together by Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz during the last twenty-five
years. It has especial value from its fine condition and accurate label-
ling, affording possibly the best source of information regarding geo-
graphical distribution. ‘This collection adds about 3,000 species to the
collection of Coleoptera of the Museum. It contains a moderate number
of types, but a large number of co-types of the species described by Le-
conte and Horn. It also contains some exotics, notably a good collec-
46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tion of West Indian micro-Coleoptera, and is practically unique in its
large series of coleopterous larve and pup in alcohol.
The death of Mr. M. L. Linell, in the spring of 1897, was a severe
blow to the Department, but a rearrangement has been effected by which
an excellent working force has been secured. The Department has been
extremely fortunate in attaching to it Dr. Harrison G. Dyar. Since the
departure cf Dr. John B. Smith there has practically been no Lepidop-
terist in Washington, and Dr. Dyar’s advent is especially welcome. He
has entirely rearranged the collection of Lepidoptera, and has deposited
in the Museum his own large collection of some 15,000 specimens. The
force as at present constituted is: L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator; Wm.
H. Ashmead, Assistant Curator and Custodian of Hymenoptera ; Har-
rison G. Dyar, Custodian of Lepidoptera; E. A. Schwarz, Custodian
of Coleoptera; D. W. Coquillett, Custodian of Diptera; and R. R.
Currie, Aid. ;
For a department which has bought no large collections, the Depart-
ment of Insects is rich in type material. The catalogue shows the
existence of Over 4,c00 types in the different orders.
Recent accessions of special value are a collection of European bees,
representing all of the genera known except one; the Hubbard material
in all orders recently collected in Arizona; the African materia! collected —
in Liberia by Cook and Currie; the African and Siamese material
collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott ; a collection of Coccinellidze and Psyllidee
made by Albert Koebele in Japan, Australia, China, and Mexico ; a col-
lection of parasitic Hymenoptera made by the same collector in the
countries above indicated ; a very large collection of Japanese insects in
all orders presented by the Imperial University of Tokio through Pro-
fessor Mitsukuri ; the T. A. Williams collection of Aphididz, comprising
over 800 slides of forms collected in the Northwest. Smaller donations
are constantly being received from collectors and specialists and the
number of those received in the course of the year form very important
additions to the collection.
The facilities for the preservation of specimens have been very con-
siderably increased,several hundred of the permanent glass-covered drawers
having been added.
It is with profound regret that we record the death of Dr. GEORGE
H, Horn, the eminent Coleopterist, which took place at Beesley’s Point,
N. J., on the 24th of November last. He was President of the American
Entomological Society and Director of the Entomological Section of the
Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia, and one of the few
honorary members of the Entomological Society of Ontario.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 47
AN ANTS’-NEST COCCID FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY J. D. TINSLEY, MESILLA PARK, N. M.
Phenacoccus solenopsis, n. sp.
Adult 9.—Length, 5 mm.; width, 3 mm.; many are smaller than
this, but this seems to be the average size of the adult containing eggs.
Colour yellowish-gray, although they appear light gray, from the mealy
secretion which covers the body.
Shape, ellipsoidal, dorsai surface quite convex, ventral surface flat, ex-
tremities rather pointed. Segmentation quite distinct to naked eye. Ex-
tremely short lateral appendages, little projections just visible ; caudal
appendages a little longer.
Legs and antennz pale brown.
Dorsum has no bands, marks or ridges. Antenne (fig. 6) of 9 seg-
ments ; segment 2 longest, one-third longer than g, which is next ; segment
3 next longest and about three-quarters the length of 2;
segment 1 usually next, although it is sometimes longer
than 3, and sometimes sub-equal with 5; segment 4 is
shorter than 5; 5 is usually shorter than 3, but is al-
ways appreciably longer than 4, 6,7, or 8; 6 and 7
usually sub-equal ; 8 often sub-equai with 6 and 7, but
usually shorter.
Formula 293 (15) 4 (67) 8. Segments of antenne
with moderately stout hairs, segments 1, 4, 6, 7 and 8
having one ring and the others two or more rings of ©
hairs. See figure of antenna.
Legs.—Femur fairly stout, being nearly half as
wide as long (width 116 p, length 282), surface bears
numerous bristles ; tibia fairly stout (width 42 », length
282»), equal in length to the femur, bears numerous
fairly stout spines ; tarsus conical, not quite one-half the length of the
tibia (length 105 ), several spines and a pair of long, slender digitules ;
claw rather small (length 344), a pair of fairly stout, knobbed digitules.
Anal lobes and ring normal.
Ovisac.—The one ovisac which I have found was on the stem of
Kalistremia brachystylis, Vail., and was about 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
and rather loose in texture.
Eggs and newly-hatched larve pale yellow ; male as yet unknown.
Habitat—In nests of Solenopsis geminata, Fab., about the roots of
48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LBerhavia spicata, Choisy, and of Kadlstremia brachystylis, Vail.
These plants grow on the sandy mesa, in the atriplex belt, and on dig-
ging around their roots one is apt to find a nest of this ant; and on the
roots, either just at the surface or up to the depth of an inch below, the
Coccids are found. I have also found a few of them on the stems of X.
brachystylis, which are prostrate. Found October 15th, 1897, on grounds
of the N. M. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
Remarks.—This Coccid would at first thought be taken for Phena-
coccus helianthi, Ckll., which occurs in the same locality and is found
quite abundantly in early spring on a Phacelia, sp., but they differ in the
following respects: . helianthi has the caudal and lateral filaments
quite prominent, and there are well-marked dorsal ridges ; all these are
absent in this species. In /elzanthi, segments 2 and 3 of the antennz are
usually longer than in this, 2 being about go », and 3, 80 », which is con-
siderably longer than the third in this species ; 9 is about the same length
in both species. The formula of elianthi is 239 45 16 (78). This
species is also broader and thicker in proportion to its length.
The ovisac of fe/ianthi is also much more compact in texture than
inthis one. From P. Americane, King and CklIl. it differs in having
the legs and antennz much larger, and in having ninth joint shorter than
either 2 or 3.
This is the first Coccid found associated with ants in New Mexico.
BOOK NOTICE.
Sroriges oF InsEcr Lirr.—By Clarence Moores Weed. Ginn & Com-
pany, Publishers, Boston, U. S. A., and London ; pp. 54, with many
illustrations. Price, 25 cents.
The title indicates the nature of the book, and no one will mistake
the figure of the well-known ‘“ Mourning Cloak” butterfly on the front
cover, even though no attempt was made in the way of colour. This is for
the young people, and just the thing for boys and girls who are romping
and playing over the fields and meadows, securing that most important
element in an education, health. ‘The insects treated of are the most
common, and this is a great advantage, because it is usually the things that
are the nearest to us that we know the least about. Get the children to
observe the common things carefully, and they will be all the better pre-
pared to look after the uncommon, later on in life. I only wish that some
philanthropist would buy up the whole edition of this work and present
them to the school children of the country. Surely it would help to make
better men and women of many boys and girls, and open up to them a
world of wonders that are to be seen by any, no matter how lowly. pro-
vided they only know how and where to look. F. M. W.
Mailed February 4th, 1898.
Ps)
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXX. PLATE 4,
A RARE ABERRATION OF VANESSA ANTIOPA, ETC.
VoL. XXX. LONDON, MARCH, 1898. No. 3.
A RARE ABERRATION OF VANESSA ANTIOPA.
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.
In figure 6 of the accompanying plate we have a fair representation
of a most interesting aberration of Vanessa Antiopa. This differs from
the normal form in the most striking manner, all yellow of the border
and the yellow markings on the costa above being replaced by deep
brown. Below, the border and the few yellow markings of the normal
form are of a very smoky hue, though by no means as dark as above.
It was taken by Mr. C. D’B. Green, at Boundary Creek, B. C., on
23rd August, presumably in 1895. Mr. Green knocked the specimen
down with his hat, as he had no net, and it was thus slightly damaged,
but is in very,good condition considering the manner of its capture. The
specimen isa 2. A somewhat similar aberration is described by Dr.
Strecker in his “ Butterflies and Moths of North America” as being in
his collection as follows: ‘‘+ ab. b. @ —With the border on upper side
of primaries black instead of yellow,” from which I judge that in that
case the secondaries were normal. Of course for b/ack we should
probably read dark brown, as I do not believe that any specimen of
Antiopa has ever been seen with a really black border.
If this aberration should be found to recur and to become entitled
to be considered a variety, I would suggest the name Hippolyta, a queen
of the Amazons of whom Antiopa was another queen.
The other figures on the plate are as follows :
No. 1—Brephos Infans, Moeschl., 3.
No. 2— “ $s S an
No. 3— =“ Ys cs blown larva.
These illustrate Mr. T. Dwight Brainerd’s paper on the preparatory
stages of this species, Can. Ent., XXIX., 272.
No. 4—Colias Philodice, Scud., ¢, var. Melanic.
No. 5— ‘* fe 6 9, ‘* Albinic suffused.
Described by Mr. T. Dwight Brainerd, Can. Enr., XXVIIL, 305.
No. 7—Colias Interior, Scud., ¢, from Cartier, Ont.
No, 8— ‘“ 4, « @, the Adirondacks.
These illustrate my paper on the life history of this species, Can.
Ent., XXIX., 249.
50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN BEES.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP, STA.
Chelynia rubifioris, v. sp.— 2. Eight mm. long, black, with sparse
grayish and white pubescence. Head almost as large as thorax, quad-
rate, produced behind the eyes, cheeks very broad ; cheeks, vertex and
face very strongly and closely punctured ; region of antenne with some
dull white hair; ocelliin a triangle: antenne rather short, black, last
joint compressed, funicle longer than first flagellar joint, first flagellar joint
conspicuously longer than second or third ; clypeus broad and low, punc-
tured all over, its anterior margin bearing a small tooth at each side,
and in the middle a long, narrow projection, like the thoracic spine of
some species of Oxybe/us. Mandibles black, stout, obscurely bidentate
at the obliquely truncate ends. Labrum greatly produced, hollowed
beneath, sides parallel, end truncate. Tongue very long, linear ; max-
ille greatly elongated ; penultimate joint of labial palpi broadened at
apex, shorter than the last ; basal joint not quite half, but more than one-
third, length of second ; maxillary palpi small, three-jointed, the joints
subequal. Thorax rather small, strongly and closely punctured ; base of
metathorax coarsely wrinkled, bounded by an obtuse rim. Tegulz black,
punctured. Wings smoky, nervures and stigma black, stigma well-formed
but small; marginai cell long, with an obtuse apex away from costa ; two
submarginal cells, second receiving first recurrent nervure at a distance
from base nearly equal to length of first transverso-cubital nervure, and
second recurrent very near the apex. Legs black, with thin whitish pub-
escence. Abdomen punctured, with obscure silvery pile towards the
end ; hind margins of segments with white hair-bands, very broadly in-
terrupted on the first three segments, on the first reduced to lateral
patches. Venter with a fairly abundant white scopa.
Hab.—Seattle, Washington State. (T. Kincaid.) ‘Two at flowers of
Rubus ursinus, May 14.
In describing this extraordinary bee I have given the generic as well
as specific characters. Provancher placed his genus CheZynuia among the
Panurgine Andrenidz, but the insect now described is an Apid allied
closely to Heriades, and especially to Ashmeadied/a. This circumstance,
and the fact that Provancher’s C. /abata does not exhibit the remarkable
clypeal process, might seem to throw doubt on the generic identification ;
but the large head, the extraordinary labrum, etc., are all as Provancher
describes, and it seems very improbable that he could have had another
genus before him.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51
Ashmeadiella Holtii, n. sp.—é. Length nearly 6 mm., head and
thorax black, abdomen and legs mostly ferruginous. Head nearly as
large as thorax, eyes very large ; face about square, covered with snow-
white pubescence, as also are the cheeks ; vertex punctured, with thin
pale mouse-coloured pubescence ; antenne short, flagellum dull ferrugi-
nous beneath ; mandibles ferruginous, tridentate, the outer tooth long,
slender and black. Thorax not very closely punctured, the pubescence
white beneath and at the sides, grayish above. Tegule amber colour.
Wings short, quite clear. Legs ferruginous with white pubescence ; an-
terior coxze and femora and middie cox and femora more or less black-
ened. Abdomen punctured, ferruginous; first segment black at base, and
dorsal middle of second and third segments suffused with blackish ;
no distinct hair-bands, but apex largely clothed with white hair; apex
with four teeth, the median ones somewhat further from each other than
from the lateral.
ffab.--Coliege Farm, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico, May 2, 1895.
Collected by Mr. Alfred Holt. Allied to A. digelovie, but very distinct
by the red abdomen.
flalictus olympia, n. sp.—@. Nearly to mm. long, black. In
structure, colour, the shiny surface, the white patches on the abdomen,
etc., this agrees with AZ pectoraloides ; it differs, however, in being con-
siderably larger, and much broader in every way ; the abdomen is very
broad, and the head is transversely oval, with an extremely broad face.
The abdomen, including the first segment, is very distinctly punctured.
The antenne are proportionately~longer than in fectoraloides, and the
mesothorax is more closely punctured. The base of the metathorax is
covered with quite regular, strong, longitudinal ridges. The tegule are
shining, piceous, with a brown spot and a pale edge. Wings slightly
smoky, nervures and stigma dark brown. Hind spur of hind tibia with
numerous short teeth.
fab.—Olympia, Washington State, June 26, 1896. (T. Kincaid.)
Also from Olympia, Mr. Kincaid sends what may be called ZH. o/ympyia,
var. subangustus. It differs from the type by the narrower and more hairy
face, the translucent pale testaceous tegule, and the narrower basal
enclosure of the metathorax. It is possible that swbangustus is a distinct
species, but I think it is only a variety.
Hlalictus Kincaidii, n. sp.-— 3. About 8 mm. long, black. This is
another species of the type of fectoraloides, from which it differs thus :
pe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
It is more robust, with a broader abdomen ; the wings are quite smoky ;
the pubescence of the face and thoracic dorsum are mouse colour; the
face is perceptibly broader; the tegule are piceous and punctured all
over ; the mesothorax is dull and strongly and closely, though irregularly,
punctured ; the enclosure of the metathorax is somewhat more strongly
subreticulately wrinkled; the bases of the abdominal segments are
dullish, but there is no well-defined punctuation.
Hab.—Olympia, Washington State, June 13, 1895.
Ff, similis, Smith, which Mr. Kincaid took at Olympia in May and
June, differs from Aznucazdiz at once by its honey-coloured (instead of
piceous) stigma, broader’ head, and impunctate tegule. From JZ.
olympia, similis is readily known by the impunctate abdomen, and the
hind spur of hind tibia pectinate with four teeth, instead of dentate-
serrate. ‘The spur is also pectinate in Kincaidii. H. similis, it may be
remarked, differs from H. arcuatus by the impunctate first abdominal
segment and the larger second submarginal cell, etc. AH. olympia, v.
subangustus, is much like arcuatus, but is readily known from it by its
broader face and dark stigma.
Flalictus Lerouxit, var. ruborum, n. var.—@. Somewhat smaller
‘than usual; pubescence all strongly tinged orange or yellowish-rufous ;
~tegulz reddish-brown (or sometimes quite dark), distinctly punctured
along the margin ; tarsi mostly, and hind tibie behind, clear ferruginous.
‘Hind spur of hind tibia pectinate with about nine teeth, only the first
three large.
fTab.—Seattle, Washington State, May 14, 0n Rubus ursinus. (T.
Kincaid.) This looks like a distinct species, but other Zerouxii from
‘Seattle are intermediate between it and the type, having the legs dark,
but the pubescence and tegulz of suborum. Some Lerouxii from Olym-
pia (Kincaid) are hardly larger than coréaceus, but the broad face still
distinguishes them.
It may be remarked here that Mr. Kincaid takes at Olympia not
“only 4. Lerouxit and Hf. coriaceus, but also 1. sisymbrii, Ckll., a species
‘hitherto reported only from New Mexico. I have also identified from
‘the Olympia material HZ fasciatus, Nyl., Rob., and H. confusus, Sm., Rob.
ffalictoides Tinsleyi, n. sp.—Q. Six mm. long, black, with rather
sparse dirty-white pubescence. Head rather small, facial quadrangle
about square, face and cheeks quite hairy ; antennze very short, wholly
dark, flagellum quite thick ; vertex appearing coarsely granular from the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53
very close punctuation, clypeus with lateral projecting angles ; tongue
apparently rather short, nearly as in Hemzhadictus ; mesothorax dull and
granular from the excessively close punctures ; base of metathorax semi-
lunar, with fine longitudinal plications or strize ; tegu!a piceous. Wings
smoky, iridescent, nervures and stigma black or piceous ;- stigma rather
small, basal nervure noticeably but not abruptly bent ; second submar-
ginal cell about as long as the first, receiving the first recurrent nervure at
less than one fourth from its base, and the second (at a right angle) about
one-sixth from its tip. Legs black, with whitish hairs ; hind legs with a
rather abundant scopa, carrying considerable yellow pollen. Abdomen
hardly punctured, except that the first segment near its base exhibits large
scattered punctures; hind margins of segments pallid; apical half of
abdomen pruinose with pale hairs.
Hab.—Five taken by Prof. J. D. Tinsley at flowers of Ee yunalenee
multiflora, in Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., New Mexico, 7,000 feet alt.,
Sept. 25, 1897. I am not quite sure about the generic position of this
little bee. The tongue suggests emihadictus, but the wings are entirely
those of Hadictoides, and differ from Hemthalictus. I sent an example of
HT. Tinsleyi to Mr. W. J. Fox, who kindly compared it with Cresson’s
types of ‘* Panurgus,” and writes that it ‘‘is apparently different from any
here. It is not frmbriatus, which has the abdomen much more hairy.
It may be the ? of xzgrzfrons, but I am inclined to think not.” (Zi#z.,
Nov. 5, 1897.)
ON THE DIPTEROUS GENUS EUSIPHONA.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
At the time of establishing this genus, in my recent revision of the
Tachinide, I had only two specimens before me; in both of these the
wings are bent backward in such a manner as to prevent a critical
examination of the lower calypteres, but as the specimens otherwise agree
quite closely with the Tachinid genus Gymnophania, I concluded to place
the present genus next to it. The recent examination, however, of a
perfect specimen from Mr. Charles Robertson, of Carlinville, Illinois,
reveals the fact that the lower calypteres are extremely small, being, in
fact, rudimentary, and this genus must therefore be transferred from
the Tachinidz to the superfamily Acalyptrata. In all the essential
characters it agrees with the family Agromyzide, and its proper place is
evidently in the vicinity of the genus Desmometopa, from which it will be
readily recognized by the strongly convex front and the excessively
long, bristle-like proboscis.
54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
SOME INDIANA ACRIDID, — IV.
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Since the publication of the third paper of this series in the
CANADIAN EnTomo ocisr for August and September, 1894, my time has
been so fully occupied with other duties that ‘but little opportunity has
been presented for the collection and study of Indiana Orthoptera. Notes
have been made and specimens taken only of such species as came
readily to hand during field work in geology. A better knowledge of the
distribution over the State of many of the Acridide has, however, been
gained, and seven species and one variety have been added to the number
formerly listed, and to my private collection. Of these, one species and
variety have been described as new by Prof. A. P. Morse, a second is
described for the first time in the present paper, and a third has before
been taken only in Montana and Nebraska.
The publication of McNeill’s “ Truxalinee of North America” and
of Scudder’s ‘‘ Revision of the Melanopli,” especially the latter, has made
necessary a number of changes in the synonymy of the species previously
accredited to the State. A new list of all Acridide mentioned in this
and the former papers, with their present nomenclature, is, therefore,
appended. It is to be hoped that the papers as published have added
something of value to the knowledge of the habits and geographical dis-
tribution of this interesting group of insects.
ACRIDIDL.
TRUXALINA.
1. ORPHULA PELIDNA (Burm).* The Spotted-winged Grasshopper.
Gomphocerus pelidnus Burm., Handbuch II., 1838, 650.
Stenobothrus pelidnus Thos., Syn. Acrid., 1873, 95.
Orphula pelidna Rev. Trux., N. A, 1897, 235.
Stenobothrus maculipennis Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VIL.,
1862, 458.
Orphula maculipennis Morse, Psyche, VII., 1896, 326.
Stenobothrus propinguans Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VIL,
1862, 461.
This species has been described or mentioned under the above
names by many different persons, and no attempt is made to give a com-
*When the author of a species referred it to a different genus from that to which it
is now recognized as belonging, his name is enclosed in a parenthesis.
.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55
plete synonymy. That given by McNeill, loc. cit., is faulty and mis-
leading to beginners, in that the name Gomphocerus is wrongly used for
Stenobothrus in a number of the references.
Although it is said to occur in abundance in the United States east
of the Rocky Mountains, I did not meet with this species in Indiana
during ten years collecting until the 27th of last July, when I found it in
abundance about the margins of a small lake in one of the valleys
among the sand dunes of Lake County.
It uses both the wings and legs in flight, and when close pressed
often burrows into the fallen grass in an attempt to escape detection. Of
twenty-one specimens taken but three were females, and they were of the
green variety. Five of the males were also partly green, the remainder
being brown and fuscous. .
2. MECOSTETHUS LINEATUS (Scudder.)
Arcyptera lineata Scudd., Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VIL., 1862, 462.
Id., Am. Nat., IL, 1868, 118. (Song of.)
Id:, Proc. ‘Bosiesue. "Nat. Hist. XI, 1868,-8.
(Note of set to music.)
Id., Dist. Ins. of N. Hamp., 1874, 373.
Smith, Rep. Conn. Bd. Agri., £872, 381.
McNeill, Psyche, VI.; 1891, 66.
Stetheophyma lineata Thos., Syn. Acrid., (873, 98. |
Id., Ninth Rep. St. Entom., IIl., 1880, 104.
Fernald, Orth. N. Eng., 1888, 38.
Bruner, List Neb. Orth., 1893, 23.
Morse, Psyche, VII., 1894, 105.
Mecostethus lineatus Morse, Psyche, VII., 1896, 327, 444, figs.
13-13b.
McNeill, Rev. Trux. N. Am., 1897, 254, figs.
22a, 22b.
The range of this species as given by McNeill is ‘‘ N. Eng. to N. Il.
and Iowa.” He also adds that it is a “‘ rare species, reported but a few
times.” The above synonymy includes all references to it by American
writers. Some of these references, as those of Thomas, Smith, and
Fernald, were based on Scudder’s writings, the author not having
collected it in person. The only definite localities from which it has
been recorded are: Norway, Me.; Williamstown and Andover, Mass.;
Valley of the Red River of the North, by Scudder; North Haven and
56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Thompson, Ct., and Readville, Sherburn and Newtonville, Mass., by
Morse ; and Iowa side of Mississippi, opposite Watertown, Ill, by Mc-
Neill. Bruner also reports it as ‘‘ occurring in the timbered parts of the
eastern half of Nebraska,” a fact which McNeill seems to have over-
looked.
It was noted for the first time in Indiana on July 13th, 1894, when a
single male was secured from open ground near the side of a tamarack
swamp, just north of Kewanna, Fulton Co. On the following day it was
found in small numbers in a boggy meadow between two spurs of another
tamarack swamp, just west of Lear’s Lake, in the same county. The males
were very wild, taking to flight when a person was a dozen yards or more
away. They used the wings only in escaping, flying swiftly and
noiselessly for 50 to too feet and alighting on the stems of tall grass.
The only way in which I could effect their capture was by running after
them and swooping them with the net as they arose or before they had
time to arrange their legs for the upward impetus at the beginning of a
new flight. But two females were seen. They were much darker and
more bulky and lubberly than the males, and being in a more open
place, where the grass was shorter, were easily taken. The species
probably occurs in the vicinity of tamarack swamps and peat bogs
throughout the northern half of Indiana, though it was not noted about
several which have been visited in the last three years.
OEDIPODINE.
3. PSINIDIA FENESTRALIS (Serville.) The Long-horned Grasshopper.
Oedipoda fenestralis Serv., Hist. Nat. des Orth., 1839, 726.
Thos., Syn. Acrid., 1873, 118.
Locusta fenestralis Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, 177.
Psinidia fenestralis Stal., Recens. Orth., I., 1873.
Sauss., Prod. Oedipod., 1884, 161.
Fern., Orth. N. Eng., 1888, 44.
Beut., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI., 1894,
203, Pl Var:
Morse, Psyche, VIII., 1897, 111, fig. 28.
Locusta eucerata Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, 180.
Oedipoda eucerata Scudd., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.,VII., 1862, 472.
This handsome little Acridian has been mentioned by numerous
other writers under the names given above, but it is not thought best to
give the full synonymy in this connection. The species evidently occurs
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ay!
from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, wherever there are extensive
sand-covered areas, having been reported from Colorado and Canon
Cities, by Uhler ; from north-west Nebraska, by Bruner ; from Illinois,
by McNeill ; and from various points on the Atlantic coast between Maine
and Louisiana, by Harris, Scudder, Smith, Morse, and others.
In Indiana, it has been noted oniy in Lake and Porter counties in
the sandy area bordering Lake Michigan, where it was first taken July
27, 1897. It is most common along the beach within one-half mile of
the lake, in company with Zrimerotropis maritima (Harris) and Sphara-
gemon wyomingensis (Thos.), though a few specimens were taken on
sandy ridges five miles from the lake shore. It has a quick, short flight,
and always chooses a bare, sandy spot on which to alight. Unless it is
carefully “marked down” it is then very difficult to distinguish, since
its colours harmonize so perfectly with its surroundings. By keeping an
eye on it, and stealthily approaching, it can be readily taken by/throwing
the net quickly over it just as it is in the act of rising. The male makes
a slight rattling sound as it flies, but the movement of the female is
noiseless. The majority of the specimens seen had the inner wings a
bright red at base, though variations in colour, from light yellow to deep
red, were frequent.
ACRIDINE.
4. MELANOPLUS EXTREMUS (Walker.)
Caloptenus extremus Walker, Cat. Dermap. Salt., IV., 1870, 68r.
Melanoplus extremus Scudd., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX., 1897,
287, Pl. XVIIL,, fig. ro.
Pezotettix junius Dodge, Can. Ent., VIIL., 1876, 9.
Melanoplus junius Scudd., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, XIX, 1878,
286.
Caloptenus junius Scudd., Can. Ent., XX., 1880, 75.
Caloptenus parvus Provancher, Nat. Canad., VIII., 1876, 110.
This species has also an extensive synonymy, the above being but a
small portion, showing the names under which it has heretofore been
known. It is an insect of northern range, Walker’s type being recorded
from Arctic America. According to Scudder “it probably occurs
throughout the larger part of Canada and the northernmost United
States. It has also been recorded from several points in Alaska.”
Mr. C. H. Bollman evidently found it near Bloomington, Monroe
County, Indiana, since Scudder mentions a specimen so labeled as
58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
occurring in the U. S. Nat. Museum. It first came to my notice in the
State on August 8, 1897, when it was found near DeLong, Fulton County,
in an open peat bog which was surrounded on all sides by a heavy growth
of tamarack, Zarix americana Michx. But about a dozen specimens
were secured, all of which were of the short-winged form, JZ. e. junzus,
the measurements of male being: length of body, 18 mm.; of tegmina, 11
mm.; of hind femora, 11.5 mm.
When disturbed they gave several short, quick leaps, and then
burrowed as far as they could into the dense mass of sphagnum moss
which everywhere covered the bog.
5. MELANOPLUS ANGUSTIPENNIS (Dodge.) The Narrow-winged Grass-
hopper.
Caloptenus angustipennis Dodge, Can. Ent., IX., 1877, 111.
Thos., Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., I, 1878,
43:
Melanoplus angustipennis Bruner, Bull. Wash. Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist.,
I, °1885,'138.
Id., Bull. 28, U. S. Div. Ent., 1893, 24,
fig. 12.
Scudd., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX., 1897,
hel ba i ee, @, Cire eae op
This is a western species which has not heretofore been recorded
east of Kansas and Iowa. According to Bruner, it ranges from North
Dakota to Texas, and west to Yellowstone, Montana. He also states
that it is increasing rapidly in numbers, and is likely in places to become
a serious pest.
It is one of the most common grasshoppers about the south shore of
Lake Michigan, occurring in company with JZ. at/anis (Riley), Sphara-
gemon wyomingensis (‘Thos.),and others over a large part of the sandy area
within five miles of the lake. It seems to prefer such barren localities to
those more promising in plant food, since Bruner mentions its partiality
for ‘old breakings and well-fed pastures of many years’ use.”
To a cursory observer angustipennis bears a general resemblance to
atlantis (Riley), but may be readily distinguished by its blue tibiae, the lack
of a notch at the apex of the last abdominal segment of the male, and the
different shape of the male cerci. ‘The dark spots along the middle line
of the tegmina of the Indiana specimens are larger and more numerous
than one would expect to find after reading the descriptions of Dodge
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59
and Scudder. Its habits, moreover, are not arboreal, as observed by
Bruner, since it was more often found on the ground than on the scant
vegetation growing in the area which it inhabited.
6. PAROXYA SCUDDERI sp. nov.
The smallest known member of the genus, the body of the male
averaging but 17 mm. in length. Antenne relatively short, 9.5 mm. in
both sexes. Tegmina reaching slightly beyond tip of abdomen in male,
shorter than abdomen in female.
Male with posterior lobe of pronotum, tegmina, and upper and outer
faces of all the femora a uniform light wood brown ; occiput and anterior
lobes of pronotal disc darker. A broad black stripe extends from eye
along the upper half of the lateral lobes of pronotum as far as the pos-
terior transverse sulcus, where it ends abruptly, the posterior lateral lobe
being uniform in colour with the disc. Below this black stripe is one
of ivory white, brightest on the head. Metapleurite also ivory white.
Face grayish olive, flecked or tinged with yellowish. Proximal two-
thirds of antennz the colour of the tegmina ; distal third darker. Palpi
and prosternal spine yellow. Sternites of thorax olive brown ; those of
abdomen yellow, as also the lower face of all the femora. Hind tibiz
pale glaucous (the proximal third sometimes light brown), with a black
spot at geniculation ; the spines eleven in number in the outer series,
with their distal thirds black.
Female darker; the tegmina sometimes obscurely and sparingly
flecked with fuscous, covering three-fourths or more of the abdomen ; the
yellow of under side dull or wanting.
Supra-anal plate of male very short, triangular, with a short, basal,
triangular sulcus, in which rest the furcula. These consist of a pair of
flattish, oblong, subequal plates with their inner edges attingent except at
the apices, where they slightly diverge. Cerci strongly incurved, nar-
rowed at the middle, the proximal half stouter than in P. hooszerz, the
distal third flattened and rounded apically.
Average measurements: Length of body, male 17 mm., female 24
mm.; antenne, male and female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male 13 mm., female
14.5 mm.; hind femora, male 11.5 mm., female 13.5 mm. Five males, 4
females. ;
This graceful-bodied species was found in small numbers on July
27, 1897, about the grassy margins of a pond in the sand dune region
60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
north of Miller’s, Lake County, Indiana, and within one-half mile of the
shore of Lake Michigan. On the following day a single pair were taken
from a similar locality near Tolleston, in the same county, and about
four miles from the lake, but still within the sand-covered area. It was
usually found clinging to the stems of the tall rushes and grasses common
in such locations, and when disturbed the males used the wings in a
noiseless flight, while the females depended upon their leaping powers to
escape. When closely followed, they would attempt to hide by burrow-
ing in the fallen grass.
The form is more closely allied to P. at/antica Scudder, than to
either of the other two known species of the genus, but its smaller size,
longer cerci, and the different shape of the male furcula at once dis-
tinguish it. I take pleasure in naming it in honour of Mr. S. H. Scudder,
who in the past has rendered me much aid in my study of Acridide, and
who has done far more than any other man towards putting the study of
North American Orthoptera on a substantial basis.
TETTIGINA,
7. TETTIGIDEA ARMATA Morse.
Tettigidea armata Morse, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IIL, 1895, 107.
This species was described from specimens collected by me in Vigo
County. It was formerly confounded with 7: Zateradis Say, but is dis-
tinguished by having the anterior margin of the pronctum produced in a
sharply pointed cusp, instead of being rounded or obtusely angulate, and
in having the dorsum of pronotum strongly rugulose, with the median
carina sharp and distinct. One pair, 7z cottu, were taken June 20, 1894,
from the wooded margin of a large pond in the lowlands of the Wabash
River. It has also been taken about the margin of a lake near Waterloo,
DeKalb County, and, according to Morse, near Dallas, Texas.
7a. TETTIGIDEA ARMATA DEPRESSA Morse.
T. armata depressa Morse, loc. cit., 107.
This differs from the above in that the pronotum only reaches the
tip of the hind femora instead of much surpassing them. A single
female in my collection from Vigo County served as one of Morse’s
types, the others being from Florida and Louisiana. According to Han-
cock (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIIL, 1896, 242), Zettigidea acuta
Morse, occurs at Chicago and Riverside, Illinois. It is therefore, doubt-
less, a resident of Indiana.
* *
*
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61
Notes ON SOME OF THE SPECIES MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS
PAPERS.
TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS (L.) (C. E., XXIII, 75 ; XXVI., 221.)
This well-marked species occurs sparingly about the borders of
marshes in Lake County, so that its range includes the whole State.
CHLG@ALTIS CONSPERSA Harris. (C. E., XXIII., 75; XXVI., 222.)
The males of this species, which before had been rarely met with,
were found in numbers in low, rather dry woods along the borders of
streams in Montgomery County, in July, 1895. A female was taken at
dusk on the evening of July 21, in the act of ovipositing in the end of a
partly decayed oak log. Three eggs were found in the bottom of the
cavity in which the abdomen was inserted.
HIPPISCUS TUBERCULATUS (Pal. d. Beauv.) (C. E., XXIII, 81.)
This is the ZZ. phanicoptera of my first paper. In Indiana it has
been found only in the driftless limestone area of the southern half of the
State, being especially common in Monroe and Franklin counties. Adults
have been taken as early as April 2oth, and as late as August r5th. It
frequents timothy meadows, upland pastures, and roadsides, and when in
flight 1s very conspicuous owing to its large size and bright red inner
wings. Insuitable localities, the young of this species, as well as those of
Arphia sulphurea (Fab.) and Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) are,
on bright days in midwinter, often to be seen together in numbers jump-
ing vigorously about. If their presence at such a season comes to the
attention of a newspaper reporter, the press of the entire State is apt to
teem with notices of a coming grasshopper plague, of which the young-
sters are said to be the advance guard.
SPHARAGEMON WYOMINGENSIS (Thos.) (C. E., XXXVI. 218.)
The Spharagemon oculatum Morse, of my third paper has since
been determined by Prof. Morse to be identical with the species
described by Thomas under the above name. It occurs in sandy locali-
ties in the northern part of Indiana, being especially common in the
immediate vicinity of Lake Michigan. It reaches maturity about July
roth, and may be taken until mid-October. °
TRIMEROTROPIS MARITIMA (Harris.) (C. E., XXVI., 218.)
Since my former mention of this species it has been found to be very
common along the south shore of Lake Michigan, in Lake, Porter, and
62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LaPorte counties, It flies rapidly for long distances, and unless carefully
marked down, is very difficult to detect. It varies in colour from very
light gray to a dark gray mottled with brown; the darker specimens
being found at some distance from the lake, where there was a scattering
vegetation, the light-coloured ones on the pure sand of the immediate
shore. It was seen nowhere more than a half mile back from the water
margin, and then only on the bare crests of the highest sand ridges and
dunes.
MELANOPLUS OBOVATIPENNIS (Blatchley.) (C.E., XXIII., 80; XXVI., 241.)
In Scudder’s recent monograph of the Melanopli, this species is
transferred from Fezotettix to Melanoplus. It has been recently found
in Marion, Franklin, and Crawford counties, and therefore probably
occurs in high, dry woodlands over the southern part of the State. It
is also recorded by Scudder, from Kentucky, Missouri, and near Dallas,
Texas.
MELANOPLUS BLATCHLEYI Scudder. (C. E., XXIII., 81; XXVI., 243.)
This is the species formerly known as Pezotettzx occidentalis Bruner.
In Scudder’s revision it was also transferred to the genus AZe/anop/us, in
which the name occidentalis was preoccupied.
It is found from June 15th to November rst, in open woods. On
October 25th, 1897, two specimens were taken in Marion County, from
the side of a hackberry tree, Celtis occidentalis L. This is the most
eastern point at which it has been noted in the State.
MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALIS (Uhler.) (C. E., XXIII., 99.)
The general range of this species is southern, but specimens have
been taken in Lake County, in the extreme north-western part of the
State. it is very common in the Wabash valley.
MELANOPLUS PUNCTULATUS (Uhler.) (C. E., XXIV., 30; XXVI., 245.)
This is the AZ. griseus 'Thos., of my former papers, Scudder having
determined that to be a synonym of Uhler’s species.
It has proven to be of more general distribution over the State than
at first supposed, having been taken in Vigo, Putnam, Montgomery, Ful-
ton, and Marion counties. With the exception of those formerly noted
as found in the tamarack swamp in Fulton County, where it was frequent,
but one or two specimens have been taken each season, and they in damp
localities in late autumn. On October 25, 1897, two specimens were
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63
secured from the trunks of trees in a low, dense woods in Marion County.
They were about four feet from the ground, and one of them was be-
neath a chunk which was leaning against the tree.
PAROXYA HOOSIERI (Blatchley.) (C. E., XXIV., 31; XXVI., 244.)
On account of distinctive characters pertaining tothe abdominal append-
ages of the male, Scudder regards this as a valid species. It has been
taken about swamps in Vigo, Fulton, and Marshail counties, Indiana, and
near Oberlin, Ohio. On September 22, 1894, I was much surprised to
find, near the border of a marsh in Vigo County, a female of this species
and also one of Ch/waltis conspersa Harr.,a few inches apart on the
stump of a downy poplar, Populus heterophylla L., each with the abdo-
men buried to the full length in the wood, but no eggs could be discov-
ered. Nothing has been recorded concerning the habits of oviposition
of the members of the genus Paroxya, and it would be surprising if they,
like the Ch/wa/tis mentioned, should seek wood rather than earth as the
receptive matrix for the eggs.
A ReviseD List oF THE ACRIDIDA KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA.
ACRIDIDA.
TRUXALINE.
Lon!
Truxalis brevicornis (Linn.) Short-horned Grasshopper.
. Syrbula admirabilis (Uhler.) Handsome Grasshopper.
. Chiealtis conspersa Harris. Sprinkled Grasshopper.
Dicromorpha viridis (Scudder.) _ Short-winged Green Grasshopper.
. Orphula pelidna (Burm.) Spotted-winged Grasshopper.
. Mecostethus lineatus (Scudder.)
Stenobothrus curtipennis (Harris.) Short-winged Brown Grasshopper.
. Ageneotettix scuddert (Bruner.)
OEDIPODIN.
9. Arphia xanthoptera (Burm.)
10. Arphia sulphurea (Fab.) Yellow-winged Grasshopper.
11. Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer.) Green-striped Grasshopper.
12. Encoptolophus sordidus (Burm.) Clouded Grasshopper.
13. “ippiscus tuberculatus (Pal. de Beauv.) Coral-winged Grasshopper.
14. AHippiscus rugosus (Scudder.) Clumsy Grasshopper.
15. Dissosteira carolina (Linn.) Quaker or Black-wigned Grasshopper.
16. Spharagemon bolli Scudder.
17. Spharagemon wyomingensis (Vhomas.)
arya An WwW N
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
39a.
4oa.
45.
454.
46.
47:
474.
. Psinidia fenestralis (Serville.) Long-horned Grasshopper.
. Lrimerotropis maritima (Harris.) Maritime Grasshopper.
ACRIDINE.
. Leptysma marginicollis (Serville.) Slender-bodied Grasshopper.
. Schistocerca americana (Drury.) American Grasshopper.
. Schistocerca alutaceum (Harris.) Leather-coloured Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus atlanis (Riley.) Lesser Grasshopper.
Melanoplus scudderi (Uhler.) Scudder’s Short-winged Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus viridipes Scudder. Green-legged Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus obovatipennis (Blatchley.) Obovate-winged Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus femur-rubrum (DeGeer.) Red-legged Grasshopper.
. Melunoplus extremus (Walker.)
. Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge.) Narrow-winged Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus blatchleyi Scudder.
. Melanoplus gracilis (Bruner.) Graceful Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus minor (Scudder.)
. Melanoplus collinus Scudder.
Melanoplus differentialts (Uhler.) Lubberly Grasshopper.
. Meianoplus bivittatus (Say.) Yellow-striped Grasshopper.
. Melanoplus punctulatus (Uhler.) Mottled Grasshopper.
. Paroxya hoosiert (Blatchley.) Hoosier Grasshopper.
. Paroxya scudderi Blatchley.
TETTIGINE.
Nomotettix cristatus (Harris.) Crested Grouse Grasshopper.
Nomotettix cristatus carinatus (Scudder. )
. Lettix ornatus (Say.) Spotted Grouse Grasshopper.
Tettix ornatus triangularts Scudder.
. Tettix granulatus (Kirby.) Sprinkled Grouse Grasshopper.
. Tettix arenosus Burm. Grizzly Grouse Grasshopper.
. Paratettix cucullatus (Burm.) Hooded Grouse Grasshopper.
. Tettigidea lateralis (Say.) Black-sided Grouse Grasshopper.
Tettigidea parvipennis (Harris.) Small-winged Grouse Grasshopper.
Tettigidea parvipennis pennata Morse.
Tettigidea polymorpha ( Burm.)
Tettigidea armata Morse.
Tettigidea armata depressa Morse.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65
NOTES ON. COLLECTING “AT LIGHT.”
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.
(Continued from page 36.)
July 23rd: Lots of things at light, but mostly common species
already recorded. A fresh Peridroma occulta was taken, and more
Plusia striatella and Deva purpurigera.
July 24th: This was an evening for the Ichthyura, over a dozen
being captured, also some Schizura. Dryopteris rosea was still out, and
several fresh Mamestra purpurissata came in. The absence of Plusias and
the abundance of “snout” moths is noted in my diary. The Coleoptera
were strongly represented by a large Necrophorus.
July 25th: A Catocala briseis — the first Catocala of the season —
made things lively until it found its way into one of my bottles. Plusias
reappeared, and Noctua plecta increased my local list. A large number
of nice things in ‘‘ Micros” were attracted and secured. ,
July 27th:. This was the last evening that I record any abundance
of things at light, and the following deserve mention: Pheosia dimidiata
(1), Crambidia pallida (sev.), Orgyia leucostigma (sev.), Parorgyia
plagiata (sev.),, Ichthyura vau (6), Arctia Saundersii (3), Acronycta
impressa (sev.), Noctua collaris (sev.), Carneades flavicollis (sev.),
Rhynchagrotis alternata (sev.), Homohadena badistriga (1; two or three
of this striking-looking species were taken earlier in the month), Mamestra
nimbosa (2), Plusia zreoides and bimaculata were still showing them-
selves, and Hadena niveivenosa and Mamestra meditata were common.
Tricholita semiaperta, of which I-secured several, added a handsome
species to my collection, and a fresh lot of Phasiane mellistrigata were
taken, apparently a second brood.
August 4th: A pair of Catocala briseis and a fine Plusia balluca
showed up among the things captured this evening; a second specimen
of the latter visited me, but after a flying inspection of my quarters, wan-
dered outside and was no more seen.
August 31st: After an absence from the city of three weeks I once
more started my light trap. My catch included a dozen or so ‘‘ Micros ”
(some desirable), a new Geometer (carpet), and the following species of
Noctuide: Rhynchagrotis placida, Agrotis saucia and ypsilon, Noctua
fennica (very worn), Feltia venerabilis (sev.), Carneades tessellata, Anytus
sculptus (a beauty), Hadena mactata, Hillia algens (several nice:.ex-
amples), Nephelodes minians (worn), Hydreecia nictitans, Caradrina: ex-
timia, Nonagria sp. (1, not yet named), Cosmia infumata (sev.), Orthosia
66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ferruginoides and euroa, Xanthia togata, Cirrcedia pampina, Litholomia
napa (some beauties), Lithomia germana, and Calocampa nupera, cine-
ritia and curvimacula.
Sept. rst: I commenced the month by adding three species to my
collection : Carneades velleripennis (a pair), Hydrecia obliqua (1) and
Xylina capax (a pair). A specimen of Plusia Putnami gave me a sur-
prise ; it was very fresh, but small.
Sept. 16th: Besides some common species, I noted this evening the
capture of Gleea inulta, Hydrecia sera, Xanthia togata, Litholomia napa,
and Xylina Georgii and laticinerea. Hadena devastatrix and Drasteria
erechtea turned up again, very fresh specimens.
My last records are:
Sept. 21st: Hydrecia cerina (1 ; new to list).
Sept. 23rd: A very small specimen of Agrotis saucia, and a worn
Feltia subgothica.
Sept. 24th: Orgyia leucostigma and Leucania juncicola (one each).
Some evenings early in the month water beetles, and especially a
small water “ bug,” were abundant at light. I generally used an ordinary
lamp with a good-sized burner ; sometimes a “ Wanzer” lamp, and on a
few occasions I had the two lit at the same time ; both lamps had shades.
The trouble with the ‘‘ Wanzer” was that things often got into the flame,
and now and then succeeded in putting it out, or making it smoke badly.
My custom was towards dusk to light the lamp and put it on the edge
of a table close to the window—which I had wide open—leaving a little
space between the tablecloth and the window sill ; (lots of things flew or
dropped down on the floor which would otherwise have sneaked out of
the window), I tried the window sill for the lamp, but found there was
often too much wind for it there, and on rainy nights that position was out
of the question. The house being a new one, the walls of my room are
not papered, so that the moths when they rested there were very conspic-
uous, and it was possible to tell at a glance, in most cases, what they
were ; whether Bombyces, Plusias, Geometers, etc., and to select the most
desirable first.
I used a net as seldom as possible, for fear of overturning the lamp,
and also because—I think it was on the second evening of my venture—I
caught the end of a setting-board with my net, and sent it flying from a
high shelf to the floor, to the destruction of its contents and the loss of my
temper. It was only sometimes for the Sphingide that I founda net was
necessary. Besides two large glass bottles or jars (charged with cyanide,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67
of course), I had three or four small ones in use, with which I did
most of the capturing, bottling from off the lamp shade, the table, walls,
etc. It was often necessary to put these bottles over some good thing
sitting on the floor, the window sill, or the shelves of my bookcase, and
to have that number in constant use. As soon as the specimen covered
or bottled was quiet, it was transferred to one of the large bottles, and
the small one was ready for use again. I found it desirable to take up
my carpet, owing to the quantity of insects that came in in July, and
which littered the floor ; often trodden under foot during the evening
(some good things came to grief in this way), or succumbing to the dry
heat of the room during the night or following day. I had to make
* sweeps ” of the slain occasionally, they made such a mess ; an examina-
tion of the dustpan before consignment of its contents to the fire, some-
times revealed some specimen worth keeping ; it was in this way that I
secured two out of the four specimens taken of Tapinostola variana. On
some evenings I think all the mosquitoes of the neighbourhood found their
way in at my window, and assisted in making things lively for me ; and
the number of things flying about the room, or dashing around the lamp,
was quite bewildering, and not conducive to coolness. Besides these
pests (the mosquitoes) several species of Ichneumonide put in an appear-
ance, On some evenings in numbers ; and while they did not seem to be
attracted to the lamp particularly, they kept on the move about the room,
making considerable noise on the walls and ceiling. Perhaps the worst
visitors of all were some of the large Dytiscide and Lachnosterna fusca.
In September several kinds of water-flies came to the light in numbers.
Some peculiarities of this mode of collecting were noticed, and may
be worth mentioning. One thing I observed particularly, when I put in
a good long evening at it, was the occasional lull, of greater or lesser dur-
ation, when hardly anything seemed to be moving outside, judging by the
scarcity of things coming in ; then all of a sudden a fresh lot, of all kinds
and conditions, would come swarming about the lamp. Some nights
there would be a succession of the same species, one after the other, for
a short time, as if they had been playing at “ Follow my leader,” and then
not another would be seen that night. Again, a species would come in
one evening in fair numbers, and then never show up again ; others just
one or two only in the same way. ‘Two most striking examples of the
latter were Ianassa lignicolor and Noctua plecta ; in both cases three
specimens were taken within a few minutes, and no others were seen on
that or other evenings. Other species, again, appeared to occur in about
68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the same numbers on favourable or poor nights, and in some cases were on
the wing for nearly a month. Some nights nothing was moving until
much later than usual, and I had been on the point of ‘‘closing up” for
the evening—my patience being exhausted—when some things would
come along amply repaying me for the previous barrenness. ‘There was
quite a difference, too, in the way in which the light appeared: to affect
different species ; some would dash around the lamp until they got their
wings singed ; others would fly in and sit down quietly on the table, as if
inviting capture ; some seemed only anxious to get out of the glare, and
would settle quietly on the floor or the hanging tablecloth ; some (chiefly
Noctuids) could not make themselves scarce quickly enough, which they
did by getting behind the cases, books, or on my shelves, and staying
there ; others were very restless and kept on the move until captured. In
some few cases it appeared as if my visitors had but looked in to make an
inspection, for after a turn or two about the room or lamp, they beat a re-
treat in a very businesslike manner ; but I also noticed that some things
which came dashing in, when they retraced their steps (?) did so with a
very sober or hesitating flight, as if not sure of their way. Asa rule, the
Bombycide, Plusiz, and Geometride behaved very well, not being very
wild, and they soon sought resting places on the walls, etc., seldom at-
tempting to secrete themselves.
Besides the moths taken at light on the evening in which they came
into my room, I usually had another good catch the following morning,
and took more specimens again about dusk the next evening. On quit-
ting work, or rather pleasure, for the evening, I would first close my
window, leaving the blind half up, then put out the light and retire, care-
fully shutting the door. In the morning nearly everything in the way of
‘“ Micros,” Geometers and Bombyces—also any Plusias overlooked the
previous evening—would be found congregated on and about the window,
on the blind or table cloth. (On July 2nd one of my captures in this
way was a beautiful thing, and the only one seen, Dasyspoudzea Meadii.)
The Noctuids generally appropriated the holes and corners, but the
majority of them did not show themselves in the morning. After picking
and choosing what I wanted, I opened the window and freed the rest. I
put on the fly blind to ventilate the room, keep out the flies, and keep in
any moths still there. ‘Towards dusk the Noctuids, which had hidden
themselves during the daylight, would come from their retreats and they
were easily bottled off the window or fly blind, where they gathered.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69
Sometimes I would get quite a number and variety from behind coats,
etc., hanging on my door; a shake would often disturb half a dozen
moths from the same garment.
After the Bombycide, my greatest success was with the Plusias. I
am not certain whether more wreoides came to light than striatella. I
did not bother much about the former ; but my records of the latter show
the taking of sixty specimens, of which nearly fifty were perfect. It was
on the wing for about a month. The next in abundance was Putnami,
and ampla was fairly common for about a week. Only one simplex came
to light.
A few more observations, and I have done.
There is no doubt that, owing to the heavy rainfall during July, un-
usual for this climate, I had a much larger percentage of good or suitable
evenings than would be the case in average years.
Another circumstance, perhaps accounting for the abundance of
moths about during July, may have been the unusually heavy snowfall of
the previous winter. The snow came at the end of October; during
November it may be said to have snowed, more or less, every day, and
there were no thaws to speak of during the winter to expose or uncover
the earth.. In the spring the snow disappeared very quickly, its departure
being hastened by some heavy rains.
The weather during April and the early part of May was favourable
to the development of vegetation and insect life. The end of May and
the beginning of June, however, were on the cool side, and there were
frosts on several nights. I hope, for the sake of comparison, that I may
have the chance to collect here ‘‘ at light” again next seasons
SOME INSECTS, RARE IN CANADA, TAKEN AT HAMILTON
BY MR. JAMES JOHNSTON.
Having some correspondence with Mr. Johnston, he, anticipating
the interest | naturally felt in the entomology of my former residence,
informed me of some things he had taken at Hamilton which were not to
be got when I was a collector there ; and they seemed to me to be of so
much general interest that I desired him to make a note of them for
publication. So, complying with my request, he has prepared the accom-
panying more extended statement on the subject. What a rapid change
is taking place in the condition of the country! All my familiar and
delightful hunting-grounds in that locality have been ‘‘improved out of
existence.” With cultivation comes a change in the flora, which produces
70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
a change in the fauna, and in the insect fauna especially. So that future
collectors will be able to form no correct idea of what was to be got by
what is to be had. A thought that greatly impressed me was the persistent
effort that insects are continually making to spread abroad and establish
themselves in fresh territory. Most of these southern butterflies seem to
have great difficulty in accommodating themselves to our shorter seasons.
In the case of Co/zas cesonia there should be no trouble about food
plants, as one of these is Zrzfolium; but in the south-west it is double-
brooded, and it may perish in the attempt to produce a second brood in
this latitude, and it may take many years to bring it into harmony with
its environment here.
In his catalogue of 1877, Mr. W. H. Edwards gives its habitat as
Southern States, Mississippi Valley, Kansas, Texas, Arizona. And in
1888, Can. EntT., Vol. XX., page 23, he says: “ Cesonia is a common
butterfly in the Mississippi Valley and Gulf States; also in Southern
California, and to the Isthmus.” Then he adds: ‘I myself have never
seen it on the wing.” What an extent of territory it must have covered
in the last ten years! It would be interesting to know the routes it has
taken. ‘The first Canadian examples of it that I saw were taken at Long
Point, Lake Erie, twenty years ago or so. I also have not yet seen
it on the wing.
The locality where I took my Famphila dion was in a marsh at the
west end of the city. The Rifle Club had its ranges on a piece of waste
land there ; and for convenience to reach the butts had constructed a
board walk through an arm of the marsh, which was full of water and
covered with cat-tail flags. Two clumps of a large flowering plant grew
beside that board walk ; the butterflies and the blossoms appeared together
about the 1st of July, and from these blossoms I took all my P. don.
When the Rifle Range was moved to another locality that board walk was
abolished, and from that time on I got no more specimens of dion. I was
pleased to learn that Mr. Johnston had rediscovered it. | have not heard
of its being taken anywhere else in Canada. I had been taking it for
several years before I got its name. Specimens of it were given to the
Canadian collection that went to the Centennial Exhibition at Phila-
delphia, and a promise made that its name should be procured. I got
tired waiting, and sent specimens of it to Mr. W. H. Edwards, to find that
it had been named only a few months previously from material obtained
elsewhere. (CAN. EntT., Vol. XI, p. 238.)
Saperda candida had not been seen about Hamilton in my time.
J. Atston Morrart.
During the years of my collecting, 1896 leads in presenting rare
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71
insects to this locality. Besides some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera not
yet satisfactorily determined, the following species were taken :
COLEOPTERA.
Saperda concolor, Lec.—Several dozen last week in May and first in June.
On Swamp Willow.
Saperda candida, Fab.—Thirty specimens, June 4th and some days later.
Found on Thorn when hunting for S. Fayz.
DIURNALS.
Nisoniades propertius, Scud—One, May 26th. On roadside. Differs
only from one labeled British Columbia in my collection by being a
finer specimen.
Papilio marcellus, Cram.—One June 4th, and one before and after that
date. On Clover.
Libythea Bachmani, Kirt —One, June 4th. Saw another later on. On
Poison Ivy.
Colias cesonia, Stoll—Twelve good and several poor specimens. First
taken June 14th. Quite abundant until the end of the month. First
saw it June 7th, but finding it very wild did not succeed in capturing
a specimen until the 14th, when I took six. Last taken July rst.
Was most abundant on line of Grand Trunk Railway, between
Hamilton and Stony Creek. Saw it on Toronto branch of same
railway near Waterdown when out after Phyciodes Batesii, Reak.,
June 2oth, but not so abundant.
Pamphila dion, Ed.—Seven, July 1st.and following week, I have found
this species not so fond of feeding as other Pamphilas. It seems to
like to sit resting on the coarse swamp grass in damp places along
the railway.
Satyrus alope, F.—One, fine, July 9th. On side of railway track, amongst
weeds.
Junonia cenia, Hub.—One, August 27th. Almost dead on roadside.
Morus.
Sphinx luscitiosa, Clem.—One, May 28th. Just fully matured, hanging
to a weed near railway track.
Endropia serrata, Drury.—Five, July 15th. Amongst weeds on side of
railway track.
I was in hopes of at least some of these reappearing in 1897, but in
this I was disappointed, as not one of them was seen.
I did not do much hunting outside the farm on which J live, four
(2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
miles east from Hamilton, this year. Amongst the greatest pests that we
had to contend with were the potato beetles (Doryphora ro-lineata, Say).
Out of 8,000 tomato plants set out during the first week in June, fully
2,000 were destroyed by these beetles within four days. We came across
some plants having as many as eighteen beetles on them. We have not
hitherto been annoyed by their attacking our tomato plants to a very
great extent, and can only account for their ravages this season owing to a
slim crop of early potatoes in this neighborhood, the late ones not yet
being above ground.
The Tomato Moth grubs (Sphinx qguinguemaculata) were also very
abundant and could have been had by the hundred. It appears that they
have other enemies than Ichneumons, as I came across dozens of empty
chrysalids, when picking the fruit in September, which had been rooted out
and devoured by some animals, possibly skunks, certainly not mice, judg-
ing from the excrement lying about.
Terias lisa, Bd.—One, July 4th. The only rarity taken this season.
James JOHNSTON, Hamilton, Ont.
THE LABELING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS.
BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL.
During a visit to Great Britain.a few years ago I looked over a num-
ber of the Entomological collections in the public Museums there. The
specimens in them were labeled so as to show the order, sub-order, and
family that they belonged to and their individual scientific names. With
few exceptions there were no records of their geographical distribution,
and when information of habitation was given it was of a wide nature,
as North America, Asia, or Europe. Data of seasonal appearance
or date of capture were entirely absent. Since then I have found
that many collections on this side of the Atlantic are in the same condi-
tion, and private collections in particular. That such information should
be wanting, especially in a public collection, is to be regretted ; for how-
ever beautifully mounted, classified and correctly named the specimens
may be, they are of little practical value. The biological student gets no
more information than he would from any entomological publication con-
taining plates, unless it be the identification of some rare insect. The
reason that public collections are lacking in such data is because they
have been built up from donations or by purchase — and until recent
years the study of insects rarely consisted of more than collecting, mount-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73
ing, naming, and placing in classified order. This can be remedied by
the present-day collector, professional or amateur. It seems strange that
a method of labeling similar to what I shall illustrate has not become
more general. On hunting up bibliographic references on the subject in
my own library I found little instruction. In Zhe Entomologist’s Useful
Companion, by Geo. Samouelle, London, 181g, the author directs that
each specimen shall have a number corresponding with that of a cata-
logue having an account of the place where found, time of appearance,
etc. The Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, U.S.A., for 1868,
contained an article on Practical Entomology for Farmers’ Sons, recom-
mending the same method, with the improvement of having the numbers
on coloured disks; the different States or localities being represented
by a certain colour. These methods are unsatisfactory, as they show
nothing without the catalogue, and when a collection leaves the original
owner's possession it is often divided up, and the catalogue is lost sight
of. It is surprising that among the many handbooks and guides pub-
lished there is so little mentioned on this subject. Even that indispen-
sable work, Lnxtomology for Beginners, by A. S. Packard, M. D., Ph. D.,
New York, 7890, recommends only the coloured number disks. The
most satisfactory directions are those of Samuel H. Scudder in his Azftter-
fries, their Structure, Changes and Life Histories, New York, 1889,
namely : “ Every pinned specimen, excepting such as illustrate anatomy
only, should bear upon the pin a label giving the place and date of
capture, and when necessary a number referring to a catalogue or note-
book in which memoranda may be entered to any extent that may be
desired.” In other words, these particulars become part and parcel of the
specimen, so that whenever the insect or object is moved, its history goes
with it. In this way the collector makes his collection an index to his
outdoor observation and study, and on leaving his possession will be of
great interest as well as value to the next owner.
Each collector can devise a form of label for such purpose to suit
his own taste as well as convenience. Disks of stiff paper the size of a
ten cent piece make neat labels for those who write a small hand. On
these, I put the catalogue reference number, the locality where found,
the date of capture, and sometimes the distinction of sex, by using the
usual astronomical signs in general use, namely, that of Mars f for the
male and of Venus ? for the female and the sign ? for the neuter or
worker. By having different coloured paper for each locality, one can
see at once all those belonging to the same district in a case.
74 THE CANADIAN: ENTOMOLOGIST..
The pin on which the specimen is fixed is, passed through the centre
of this disk, so as to allow it to rest about an eighth of an inch from the
bottom of the drawer or case. This: would not be practical in the-low-
setting method, to which many British entomologists. still adhere—a
method which should be condemned as putting the insect in easy reach
of parasites and being an exhibition more of pins than of insects. Pe
All this will make considerable extra labour, but
will, after a time, be found well worth it; for: the!
collector himself often forgets where or when he got
a certain specimen, The name label could be made
more interesting to non-entomologists by having the
common local name, where known; under the scientific
one, and would tend to make the study of insect life
more popular.
~
61.
Montreal
é Que.
21st May,
1896.
A NEW.SPECIES OF AEGIALITES,
BY THE LATE M. L. LINELL, WASHINGTON, D. C.
During his visit in 1896 to Robben Island, a low rock only 2,000
feet long, situated near the eastern. coast of Sakhalin Island, in Okhotsk
Sea, Dr. Leonhard Stejneger collected only two species of insects, both
Coleoptera. One of them is a species of Bembidium, possibly new, but
it should be compared with the numerous species from the mainland,
which cannot be done at present. The other species belongs to the highly:
interesting genus Aegia/ites, and is described below as a new species.
Aegialites Stejnegeri, Linell, new species.
Elongate, convex, piceous ; upper surface with faint greenish lustre. —
Antenne piceous, apruptly clavate. Head broad, finely coriaceous and
sparsely punctate. Eyes strongly prominent, very coarsely granulate.
Thorax very narrow, distinctly longer than wide, a little broader at base
than at apex, widest in front of middle; sides slightly arcuate ; disc
coriaceous, very sparsely and irregularly punctate, the median line
impressed and a shallow fovea on each side. FElytra very short and
ovate, abruptly and broadly pedunculate at the humeri, strongly rounded
on the sides and very much wider behind the middle, the apices separately,
strongly rounded ; disc finely rugose, the striz narrow, scarcely impressed,
with small but distinct punctures, entirely effaced at apex. Pygidium
and propygidium exposed. Prosternum smooth, meso- and metasternum
vaguely rugose, side-pieces sparsely coarsely punctate. Abdomen cori-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75
aceous, nearly impunctate. Legs piceous, femora more or less testaceous.
Male.—Median and posterior tibiz abruptly bent near the apex (as
in the other species of the genus).* Length, 4 mm., male a little smaller,
Type No. 1390, U. S..N. M.
Five examples collected (Aug. 315 1896) by Mr. L. Stejneger on
Robben Island, Okhotsk Sea.
Intermediate in size between the two previously described species,
and very distinct in form and sculpture.
BOOK NOTICE.
SCUDDER’S REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI.
One of the most important works on Entomology which has been
issued by an American author in recent years is that entitled a “‘ Revision
of the Orthopteran Group Melanopli (Acridtidz), with special reference to
North American Forms,” by Samuel Hubbard Scudder.+ It is the more
important because it deals with a representative North American group
of insects whose members, between April and November, leap from our
pathway in profusion whether we stroll through open woodland, sunny
meadow, or along the roadside, and yet of whose classification and
nomenclature the greatest confusion has heretofore existed. It was only
another example showing the truth of the old saying that “the common
things about us are those of which we are most densely ignorant.”
True, of one of the members of the group, the ‘“ Rocky Mountain
Locust,” MWelanoplus spretus (Thos.), more has, perhaps, been written
than of any other insect on earth, yet it is but one of 207 of its kind
which are described at length by Mr. Scudder. The others are scattered
far and wide over the continent of North America, and the descriptions of
the g2 species hitherto rightfully known to science were distributed
through an almost equai range of literature. No better evidence of the
need of the “ Revision” is necessary than to know that after a careful
examination of nearly 8,o00 specimens, 7,000 of which belonged to the
single genus Melanoplus, the author has in it reduced 47 supposed species
to synonyms and has established 18 new genera and described for the
first time 115 species.
With a group whose members are so closely akin as those of the
*Dr. Horn, while describing 4. Fuchsii (Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., 1893, Vol, XX.;
p- 143), evidently did not have the male before him.
+Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX., 1897, No. 1124, pp. 1-421. Plates I.-XXVI.
76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Melanopli it has heretofore been almost an impossibility for the spe-
cialist—let alone the tyro—to satisfy his conscience as to thé status of
a specimen which he might have in hand. The available literature was
so scattered, and the different authors had seized upon so many different
characters as representing what appeared to them the most striking
structural features, that the whole mess was worse than a Chinese puzzle.
By seizing upon the variations of the abdominal appendages of the male
as the most salient features showing specific rank, and by publishing
accurate drawings of two different views of the male abdomen of each of
the 207 species, Mr. Scudder has done much to render possible the ready
identification of each species—a task which otherwise would have been
very difficult, owing to the size of the group and the close similarity of
many of its members. Analytical keys to genera, and to species where
the genus is not monotypic, are also given, and add much to the value
of the work, as does also the full list of localities from which each
species has heretofore been taken.
Taking into consideration its size and importance, the defects of the
** Revision” are very few. The one thing which the tyro will find most
lacking is a glossary of the technical terms. In a werk of the kind these
are necessarily numerous, and though they may be very plain to the
author and to specialists, to the beginner they are often extremely
confusing. Even a figure of a typical locust with all the parts named
would have been a great aid. A tendency to multiply species can here
and there be noted, as on p. 138, where UZ. dbivitattus is separated from
M. femoratus only by the colour of the hind tibiz, which is an exceed-
ingly variable character.
More might have been added along economical lines, but this is a
work for the future which the student of the group can now take up with
renewed energy. For before one can write of a species he must have a
name to handle it by; something which in the case of many of the
members of this group has heretofore been lacking. Now, by using a
little care and accustoming himself to the technical terms, the student
can, by the aid of the ‘‘ Revision,” soon bring order out of chaos, and
label his Melanopli with correctness and dispatch. In conclusion, it
may be said that any one who will use the work will soon conclude that
the aim of the author, ‘‘ to enlarge and systematize our knowledge of this
important group as a basis for future studies,” has been well and
successfully accomplished. WS. cb:
Mailed March 5th, 1868.
| wanatliay a aaa
ies: XXX. LONDON, APRIL, 1898. No. 4.
PROFESSOR J: HOYES PANTON,:M: A., F.G. 8.
It is our sad duty to record the death of Professor Panton, which
took place at Guelph, on the 2nd of February, after a long and very pain-
ful illness, which he bore with the utmost patience and resignation. He
was born at Cupar, in Fifeshire, Scotland, and was brought out to Canada
when a child; his father settled in Toronto at first, and removed, after
some years, to Oshawa. He was educated at the Whitby High School
and Toronto University, where he graduated with honours in Natural
Science in 1877. The following year he was appointed Professor of
Chemistry in the Ontario Agricultural College, but after a few years
resigned the position and removed to Winnipeg, where he became principal
of the Collegiate Institute. In 1885 he accepted the invitation of the
Ontario Government and returned to Guelph, where he filled the position
of Professor of Natural History and Geology in the Agricultural College
till the time of his death. His work there had special relation to economic
entomology and botany, on which subjects he issued many _ useful
bulletins to farmers and fruit-growers. He also published two small
works on Economic Geology and “Insect Foes,” which are valuable
manuals of an elementary character. ~ In 1896 Professor Panton attended
for the first time the annual meeting of the Entomological Society of
Ontario, though he had long been a member, and on that occasion read
very interesting and useful papers on “‘ Entomology for Rural Schools ”
and ‘‘Two Insect Pests of 1896—the Army Worm and the Tussock
Moth.” At the recent annual meeting in October, 1897, he was elected
vice-president of the Society, but was unable to attend owing to the illness
which had already seized upon him. The following resolution of con-
dolence was adopted at a meeting of the Council held last month: ‘“ The
members of the Council of the Entomological Society of Ontario have
heard with profound regret of the death of their highly respected colleague
and vice-president, J. Hoyes Panton, M.A., F. G.S., Professor of Biology
and Geology in the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. They desire to
place on record their admiration for his talents and attainments in natural
78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
science, and their deep sense of the loss which economic entomology in
this Province has sustained by his removal in the maturity of his powers
and at an age when he was capable of performing much useful work.
They beg to offer to Mrs. Panton and family their respectful sympathy in
the great bereavement which has befallen them.”
SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE INSECT FAUNA
OF “OHIO*
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.
In the year 1889, Mr. Henry Tryon, Assistant Curator of the
Queensland, Australia, Museum, in a report on the insect and fungus
pests, published as report No. 1, by the Department of Agriculture of
Queensland, pp. 89-91, describes a species of scale insect found on the
Fic. 7.—Diaspis amygdali, Tryon: a, branch covered with male and female
scales, natural size ; 4, female scale ; c, male scale; d, group of
male scales, enlarged. (After Howard.)
peach, as the White Scale, Diasfis amygdali (fig. 7), and reported its
occurrence both at Brisbane, Queensland, and Sydney, New South Wales.
Although described as the White Scale, the author continually refers to
it as the peach scale, in his paper, and the latter name has been adopted
in America for the species. Of its habits Mr. Tryon states that: “ At
first its presence is betrayed by small white spots or patches on the bark
of the smaller branches ; but as the insect increases these soon become
* Read before the Ohio State Academy of Science, December 29, 1897,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79
in many places confluent, and the individual scales overlap one another,
or are contorted by being squeezed together closely, or even appear to
lie one over the other, and where the male scale insects crowd together
these spots present a more finely chaffy appearance. As it will occur
quite up to the tips of the branches, the complete destruction of any tree
subjected to the attack of the peach scale, and owing to it, is only a mat-
ter of time. When already in patches on the branchlets prior to the
formation of the leaves and fruit, in early spring, it does not hinder their
formation ; the leaves are green as usual, the fruit sets, but is soon re-
tarded in its growth and shrivels up.” Writing me under date of Novem-
ber 7th, 1897, however, Mr. Tryon has this to say of its present condi-
tion in Queensland: “ This Coccid is far from being generally distributed
in Queensland, and nowhere have I observed it to act very prejudicially
to the trees that it attacks.”
In March, 1897, a consignment of Japan Flowering Cherry, both the
single and double varieties, was received direct from Japan by the im-
porters in Ohio. A few months later, it was discovered that some of the
double flowering variety were infested by a species of scale insect, which
proved to belong to this species, and which had not before been known
in Ohio. A thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion did nothing more
than to check its increase, and did not exterminate it. (It has since been
found on Prunus pandula and P. pseudo-ceraceus, also recently from
Japan.)
The distribution of Diasf7s amygdali and its food plants are also of
interest. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell has given an extended list of the food
plants of the species*, and others have since been reported. It is now
known to attack AZzbiscus (Abelmoschus) esculentus, L., and Gossypium
barbadense, or Jamaica cotton, about Kingston, Jamaica. Cultivated
Pelargoniums ; the grapevine}, dwarf peach and cherry { (cited as
Diaspis amygdali, Putnam, in Proc., but correctly in Can. ENT.), on
Bryophyllum calycinum; Carica papaya; Persimmon; /assium, in
Jamaica; Oleander ; Cadlotropis procera, Capsicum, Argyriea speciosa
when under cultivation in Jamaica, also Acanthus, and Cycus media.
Mr. E. E. Green found it on Cadlicarpa lanata and Tylophora asth-
*Food Plants of Scale Insects (Coccide), by T. D, A. Cockerell, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., Vol. XIX., pp. 725-785, No. 1122.
1+ Townsend, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, pp. 283, 378.
£Cockerell, CAN. ENT., 1895, p. 260,
80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
matica, at Punduloya, India*, and Mr. W. M. Maskell received it on
Geranium from Hong Kong}. Mr. D. W. Coquillett found it at Los
Angeles, California, on dwarf flowering almond, recently imported from
Japan {, and the case on dwarf peach and cherry, previously noted, also
occurred on trees from Japan. Dr. L. O. Howard reported it some
years ago as occurring in an orchard at Molino, Florida, and in another
orchard at Bainbridge, Georgia. It was first discovered in this country
on some seedling peach trees on the grounds of the Department of
Agriculture, at Washington, in 1892. Besides inhabiting Jamaica, it is
also found in Trinidad, Martinique, Grand Cayman, Barbadoes and San
Domingo.§
Under the caption of ‘* The White Peach Scale,” Mr. Charles P.
Lounsbury, Government Entomologist for Cape Colony, South Africa,
includes the species as one of the insect pests of that Colony. He gives
the Fiji Islands as an additional habitat, and states that there is no
doubt but that it has been in South Africa for at least fifteen years, and
good reasons for believing it to have been there double that length of
time. Mr. Lounsbury characterizes the insect as a highly injurious one,
the favourite food plants of which are the peach and mulberry, the apricot
and plum being severely attacked and sometimes killed, the cherry being
liable to be severely attacked, while the pear has been slightly infested.
Myoporum insulare, Yellow Jessamine, Jasminum sp. ? Granadilla,
Passifiora eduiis, Polygala myrtifolia, Morning Glory, Jpomea sp. ?
Fuchsias and Geraniums all may become very badly infested, while the
Cape Gooseberry and other Solanaceous plants suffer to a less degree.||
Four species of Lady beetles and a Chalcid fly, the latter apparently
identical with Aspidiotophagus citrinus, Craw., attack the species in
Africa. None of these parasites, however, seem powerful enough to hold
the scale insect in check.
In October two of the most seriously infested of the trees imported
from Japan into Ohio were dug and transplanted to the Insectary of the
Experiment Station at Wooster, and one of them enclosed in a breeding
cage. Early in December a very minute parasite was reared, and the
* Indian Museum Notes, Vol. IV., p. 4, 1895.
+ Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1896, p. 299,
t Insect Life, VI., p. 290.
§ Year Book of the U. S. Dept. Agr., 1894, pp. 265-267.
| Report of the Government Entomologist for the year 1896, Cape of Good
Hope, pp. 76-83.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81
females were observed in the act of ovipositing in the bodies of the scales
on the tree. On these parasites being referred to Dr. L. O. Howard,
of the United States Department of Agriculture, he at once pronounced
the species as belonging to both a new genus and species, he having
previously drawn up a manuscript description from species reared in
Paris, France, by Dr. Paul Marchal, who had reared it from Déaspts
ostreeformis. It has since been discovered that the same insect was
reared in Ceylon by E. E. Green, from Chzonaspis vitis, and it has also
been reared from a species of Asfzdiotus on sweet gum from Savannah,
Georgia. The species will now be known as Archenomus bicolor,
Howard, the description having appeared in the Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Washington, Vol. IV., No. 2., page 136. There can hardly be a doubt
but that this parasite was imported with its host from Japan, and well
illustrates the wide distribution of insects, both injurious and beneficial, in
articles of commerce. Both the scale insect and its parasite are new to
Ohio. While it is almost impossible to determine the native home of
Diaspis amygdali at the present time, it is likely that this honour will
fall either upon Japan or the West Indies, though it might have been
first diffused from the East Indies. ‘That the little parasite, dvchenomus
bicolor, Howard, should be reared at such widely separated points as
Paris, France ; Ceylon; Savannah, Georgia ; and Wooster, Ohio, with the
probability of the species having been imported into Ohio from Japan,
is somewhat surprising, and well illustrates the almost universal diffusion
of some of our parasitic insects.
Another scale insect, probably new to Ohio, is the apricot scale,
Lecanium armeniacum, Craw. I have not been able to find any record
of the occurrence of this insect outside of California, where it is found on
the apricot, prune and plum especially, but also occuring on
the cherry and pear.* My specimens, which seem to be a variety, were
found on the Spanish Chestnut, in great abundance.
*California State Board of Horticulture, Division of Entomology. Destructive
Insects, Their Natural Enemies, Remedies and Recommendations. By Alexander
Craw, Quarantine Officer and Entomologist, Sacramento, California, 1891, pp. 12-13.
GENUS EUSCHAUSIA.
Schausta, Dyar (Arctiide), Can. EntT., XXIX, 212 (1897), is pre-
occupied by Schausia, Karsch (Agaristide), Entom. Nach., XXI., 346
(1895). The Arctiid genus may be called Luschausia.
Harrison G. DYAr,
82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES ON THE EXTERNAL CHARACTERS OF THE SAN
JOSE SCALE, CHERRY SCALE, AND PUTNAM’S SCALE.
BY W. G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MARYLAND.
March 14th, 1898.—During the last two or three weeks, I have
received inquiries from Georgia, lowa, Kansas, and Canada, regarding
the structural external characters of the San José scale (Aspidiotus
perniciosus), Cherry scale (A. Forbesi), and Putnam’s scale (A. ancylus ).
I present, therefore, a few notes on these species, which I hope may be
of some use to my fellow workers.
it is not a very difficult matter at this time of the year to separate
these species at a glance. As is well known, perniciosus winters as a
partially matured insect, and when the insects are perfectly normal, they
are almost always uniformly blackish, with the exuvie or nipple-like
prominences, very conspicuously surrounded by a circle, of the same
general colour, as arule, as the rest of the scale. Of course, on trees
badly infested with this insect, there are always many scales of the old
males, females, and young, which were not sufficiently covered to protect
them at the time cold weather set in; but where a sufficient number of
young in good condition can be found, the above character does not vary
much, and rarely, if ever, are the pupz of the males to be found at this
time of the year.
Forbesi also winters in a partially matured condition, but male pupze
are conspicuously present at this season, or even very much earlier.
The colour of the scales varies considerably, but usually conforms some-
what to the colour of the bark. The nipple-like prominence is very con-
spicuous and is of an orange, brick-red or purplish tinge. The exuvice
are usually covered with a delicate film or membrane of rather light
colour, but are ruptured in most cases, exposing the bright coloured
centres. ‘The scales of the males and females are not uniform in colour,
being much lighter around the border of the young female and at the
caudal end of the male scale. The conspicuousness of the exuvise and
the presence of the pupe at this time of the year are characters which
almost always distinguish this species from perniciosus.
The female of avcy/us, in this location at this season, is much
more developed than either of the foregoing species. The young females
are usually not so convex as perniciosus or Forbest. The exuvie are
lighter than perniciosus, and not nearly so bright as in Fordes?, varying in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3
colour from amber to grayish. The general colour of the scale varies
also from nearly black to a grayish tinge, depending largely upon the
plants upon which it is found. The scale is very delicate, more uniform
in general colour, approaching ferniciosus nearer than it does Forédesz in
this respect.
The structural characters of the mature females are very marked.
In ferniciosus, the two pairs of anal lobes and the absence of spinnerets
are very characteristic. In amcy/us, while there are two pairs of lobes
also, they are usually very broad and flattish, the second pair being widely
separated from the first. The presence of the spinnerets is also a dis-
tinctive mark for this species, and if the lobes are carefully examined,
this species need not be confounded with either perniciosus or Forbesi.
In Forébesi, the two pairs of anal lobes approach fermiciosus much more
than they do aacylus, but Forbesi can be distinguished readily from
perniciosus by the presence of conspicuous thickenings of the body wall,
forming club-shaped masses between the lobes. ‘The spinnerets are
always present, usually arranged in five groups in the mature female. In
this connection, I might say that I have never seen spinnerets in any of
the immature forms of either aucy/us or Forbest.
There are a few characters presented by the plant which will serve
as a mark for identifying the species. On most of our deciduous fruit
trees there is a purplish tinge formed about the scales of all three species
on young succulent wood. ‘This tinge varies considerably, and depends
largely upon the trees, showing more plainly upon some varieties than upon
others. With pernictosus the purple extends into the bast, and on some
very badly infested apple trees I have seen even the young tender wood
coloured to bright carmine. I have also seen the fruit of peach badly
spotted on account of the attacks of pernicéosus, and on some varieties
the colour extended into the flesh, sometimes to a depth of a quarter of
aninch. ‘The purplish tinge caused by ancy/us and Foréesz is usually not
so marked as in ferniciosus. The bast is brightly coloured at times by
both these species, but this does not occur as often as with perniciosus.
Forbesi also causes a peculiar rough, pitted appearance upon
peach and apple that is not usually produced by either ancylus or perni-
closus. ‘The insect seems to retard the cellular growth of the plant
immediately surrounding it, and it is not an uncommon thing to find
isolated matured females in rather deep depressions. This character is
especially prominent on apple and peach in the nursery.
84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
COLLECTING AT LIGHT.
I have read with much interest a couple of papers by Mr. Hanham,
of Winnipeg, on the capturing of insects “at light.” I had adopted
this method in the Old Country with much success, and last season in
this district, near the head of Lake Manitoba, I employed the same
means and secured a goodly number of specimens. ‘There is no doubt
that light is most efficacious in securing to the one who makes use of
it many insects that would otherwise be only rarely met with, but while
engaged in thus making captures one cannot help being struck—a point
to which Mr. Hanham alludes—with the effect light has upon many of
the Lepidoptera, or rather with the different effects it has upon different
individuals. Now, it seems to me that a careful observation on the part
of entomologists in this respect might in due time throw fresh ‘light ”
on the habits or even structure of the insects observed. Why, I may
ask, should light have such a different effect upon insects of the same
class? As there is a reason for everything, so there must be here. A
casual observer may note that while light acts upon some individuals as
an irresistible attraction, to others it is simply repellant, and in the case
of others both these effects are combined. ‘Then, again, some are evi-
dently thrown into a kind of stupor under the effect of the glare, and
settling down near the attractive force, remain immovable for hours;
while yet again others are frantic in their struggles to reach the source
of their fascination. This difference of effect, while it points to a
dissimilarity of temperament, would seem to indicate a difference of
structure, if anywhere, in the eye. Is this known to be a fact; or, if
this be not the case, in what does it consist? It seems to me that here
is a wide field for investigation, and it might not be lost labour if, during
the coming season, those entomologists who adopt light as a means of
capture would, as far as possible, classify the insects taken in regard to
the effect the light has upon them.
I may say that when using light, I place it before a closed window
on the ground floor, and stand outside, and with a net I am able to
capture many insects which do not apparently ever settle on the glass,
but simply approach within range of the light and then fly away rapidly
at an angle, acting much in the same manner as a comet is said to do in
regard to the sun. H. Hurcuinson, Kinosota, Manitoba.
ERRATUM,
Can. Ent., 1898, p. 15, line 8, for ‘‘zo¢ commonly” read “ mos¢
commonly.”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85
NEW SPECIES OF CHIONASPIS AND NOTES ON
PREVIOUSLY KNOWN SPECIES.
BY R. A. COOLEY, B. S., AMHERST, MASS.
In the Canapian Enrtomoctocist, Vol. XXVII., page 33 (1895),
Professor T. D. A. Cockerell stated that Dr. James Fletcher had just
sent him a species of Chiéonaspis from Charlottetown, Prince Edward
Island -- very abundant on the bark of Betula papyrifera — and that in
comparing it with Prof. Comstock’s description of C. Lzntnert he
believed it to be that species. Following the description of the Prince
Edward Island specimens, Prof. Cockerell drew attention to a few
probable points of difference between it and Prof. Comstock’s description,
but as he could find no positive differences he did not separate the form
on 4etu/a, inferring that the discrepancy was due either to variation in
his specimens or the incompleteness of Prof. Comstock’s description. I
have since received specimens of the form on Letula papyrifera from
Prof. Comstock and Dr. J. A. Lintner, and the latter gentleman has also
lent me Prof. Comstock’s co-types of C. Zinmtnert. On comparing the
two J was at once convinced that they were distinct, and upon giving
Prof. Cockerell my reasons for thinking that the two insects could not be
identical, he advised me to separate the form on Betuda.
While the insect is distinct from Zznzfnerz, Comst., I believe it to be
only a variety of that species, and have described it as such below.
CHIONASPIS LINTNERI BETULA, N. var.
Scale of Female.—Widely pyriform, flat, covered with the very thin
epidermis of the bark, giving a brownish tinge to the snow-white scale.
Exuvie bright orange-brown, contrasting strongly with the secreted
portion. Texture of scale compact. Length of exuvize about .$ mm.;
total length of the scale about 2 mm.
Compared with typical Ziztnerz, the variety is .5 to 1 mm. shorter,
proportionately broader, firmer in texture, with the exuvie orange-brown
instead of yellowish-brown.
Scale of Male.—Of the normal form and colour of the genus, with a
distinct but feeble median keel and pale yellow exuvize. Length about
.8 mm.
Unfortunately I have no typical male scales of Zintneri with which
to compare those of this variety. ;
Female.—Elongated, with the segmentation moderately distinct.
86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Pygidium with three pairs of lobes visible ; median pair large and well
developed, second pair smailer, third pair rudimentary. Median pair
contiguous at the base, their inner edges diverging at about a right angle,
each lobe being bluntly pointed. Lobes of the second pair each
composed of two rounded lobules, of which the inner is the larger. Third
pair only slightly produced. A distinct spine at the base of each median
lobe, and a small plate and obscure marginal gland opening between the
median and second lobes. A large spine above and a small one below
the outer lobule of the second lobe. A plate and marginal gland open-
ing between the second and third lobes. Following the third lobe, two
spines, two plates, a marginal gland opening, and, after a space, a group
of one to three plates, followed first by a marginal gland opéning and
then by a terminal group of five to nine plates. Dorsal rows of oval
gland openings present.
Groups of circumgenital glands compact. Median, 13 to 18;
anterior laterals, 25 to 42; posterior laterals, 19 to 28.
Ma/le.-—Unknown.
It is impossible to separate the two insects by their pygidia.
Chionaspis Lintneri, Comst., and this variety both belong to the
group of sadicis L., ortholobis, Comst.
CHIONASPIS CARYA, N. sp.
Scale of Female.—Inconspicuous on the bark of the host plant;
elongated, rather irregular in form, of a dirty white colour with brown
exuvie. Anterior and smaller exuvia easily distinguished, the posterior
and larger one completely hidden from view by the copious secretion that
covers it. Length, 1.7 to 2. mm. Breadth, about .8 mm.
Scale of Male.—Very small and white, with a very indistinct median
keel. The pale brown exuvia extending about one-third the total length.
Length, .5 to.7 mm.
Female.—Elongated, narrowed toward the anterior end, being
broadest toward the posterior end. Segmentation distinct, the posterior
segments being produced laterally and bearing numerous gland openings.
Rudimentary antenne distinct, the distance between them about equal to
the width of the mouth-parts.. Pygidium brown, somewhat triangular,
with the first and second pairs of lobes well developed, the third pair
being more or less rudimentary. Median pair large, conspicuous, with
their inner edges fused together for about half their length, forming one
solid piece. Lobes of the second pair each divided into an inner,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, : 87
oblique, lobule which is sometimes serrated, and an outer straight one,
the inner one being larger. Third pair of lobes broad and only slightly
produced, with the outer edge serrated. A distinct spine above at the
base of each median lobe, and between the median and second lobes a
short plate and an obscure marginal gland opening. A large spine
above the outer lobule of the second lobe and a smaller one below, and
between this lobule and the third lobe a plate and a marginal gland
opening. A marginal gland opening at the base of the third lobe, and,
outside this lobe, a large spine above anda small one below, followed
first by a plate and then by a notch in which is a marginal gland
opening. Following this is a spine, one or two plates, and, after a space,
the terminal group of about seven plates. Dorsal rows of oval gland
openings present.
Circumgenital glands arranged in five groups: Median, r2 to 19;
anterior laterals, 21 to 29; posterior laterals, 15 to 22.
Male.— Unknown.
This species also belongs to the sadécis group, but may be readily
distinguished from all others of the genus by the peculiar fusion of the
inner edges of the median lobes.
Habitat.—On Carya from Washington, D. C.
CHIONASPIS LOUNSBURYI, 0. sp.
Scale of Female.—Elongated, sometimes narrow like A/yti/aspis and
sometimes broadened posteriorly like Chionaspis; straight, very firm in
texture, silvery-white with the exuvie yellowish or brownish. Secretion
covering the second exuvia firm and persistent. Scale more or less
covered with a brown bloom, which occurs naturally on the surface of the
leaves of the host-plant. Length of exuvie about 1 mm.; total length,
2.4 to 3 mm.
Scale of Male.—Very loosely constructed and fragile ; median keel
present, but very indistinct, invisible, in fact, except in the more perfect
specimens. White, with the exuvia pale yellowish or colourless. Length,
1.2 to 1.5 mm.
Female.—Elongated, narrowed at the anterior end, but with the
abdominal segments of about equal width ; mouth-parts occupying fully
one-half the width of the body at the anterior end, Pygidium with a
median notch, the two sides being formed by the first pair of lobes, which
are large and well developed in some individuals, or small and rudimen-
tary in others. Second pair present, third pair obsolete. Median lobes
88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
when well developed rounded on the posterior extremities, sometimes
faintly serrate, with a pair of spines in the notch; when rudimentary, only
slightly produced, with the pair of spines in the notch often inconspicuous
or absent. Second lobe composed of two lobules, inner large and
rounded, outer smaller and bluntly pointed. Two spines anterior to the
outer edge of each median lobe. A well-developed plate and a marginal
gland opening between the median and second lobes. ‘Two spines at the
base of the second lobe, and outside this lobe, a second plate, followed
by a deep notch in which is a marginal gland opening. Then two spines
and a third plate followed by a second notch in which is a marginal
gland opening, and, after a short space, the fourth and last plate.
Dorsal rows of oval gland openings present.
Five groups of circumgenital glands: median, 5 or 6; anterior
laterals, 10 to 13; posterior laterals, 13 to 27.
Male.—Unknown.
This species may be distinguished from other known members of the
genus by the characteristic appearance of the scales, particularly those of
the female. It belongs to the group of eugeni@ (Green), chinensis (Ckll.),
etc., or those having a terminal median notch in the pygidium.
Habitat.—On an unidentified plant from Ceres, Cape Colony, South
Africa, sent by the Government entomologist, Mr. Charles P. Lounsbury,
to Dr. L. O. Howard, at Washington, and also to the writer. The female
scales are indiscriminately distributed over both surfaces of the leaves,
while the male scales occur in groups chiefly on the under surface.
I take pleasure in naming this insect after its discoverer, Mr. Louns-
bury, who is doing very valuable and praiseworthy work in economic
entomology.
CHIONASPIS HOWARDI, n. sp.
Scale of Female.—Elongated, narrow, sides nearly parallel. White,
with the exuvize variable in colour, being yellow, brown or green; two
parts of the same exuvia often of different colours. Second exuvia
obscured by the waxy secretion that covers it. Length of exuvie about
.7 mm.; total length of the scale, 1.5 to 1.7 mm.
Scale of Male.—Elongated, sides parallel, with a distinct median
keel ; creamy white with the exuvia of about the same colour. Length
about 1.2 mm.
Female.—Elongated, very slightly broadened posteriorly, with the
segmentation not pronounced, the posterior segments having numerous
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89
gland openings on the sides. Pygidium cleft at intervals and having the
margin distinctly denticulate, more plainly so in some specimens than in
others. Median and second pairs of lobes well developed, often with
thickenings of the body wall extending anteriorly from them; third pair
wholly wanting. Median pair separated by a distance about equal to the
width of one of the lobes. Each lobe of the second pair composed of
two distinct and separate lobules, the inner one being larger and often
approximating the median lobes in size. Interval between the median
lobe occupied by two more or less distinct teeth, anterior to which is a
transverse oval gland opening. ‘Two spines anterior to each median
lobe, and immediately outside each median lobe, a large plate, anterior to
which is a spine. An oval gland opening between this plate and the
second lobe, and, outside this lobe, a second plate, a denticulate space
with two marginal gland openings and a spine, then one or two plates,
followed by another denticulate space with two marginal gland openings
and a spine, and, lastly, the terminal group of two plates.
Five groups of circumgenital glands; median, 5 to 7; anterior
laterals, 9 to 14 ; posterior laterals, 7 to 14.
Male.—Unknown.
ffabitat.—On East Indian bamboo from the Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C.
I take pleasure in naming this insect after Dr. L. .O. Howard,
United States Entomologist, the extent and value of whose work is well
known by all workers in entomology.
CHIoNAPSIS LINTNERI, Comst.
Since this species was described in 1882, in Prof. Comstock’s second
Report of the Department of Entomolgy of the Cornell University Ex-
periment Station, no mention has been made of its having been dis-
covered in other localities, except in the instance mentioned in a previous
paragraph of this paper. On January 12, 1898, Mr. A. F. Burgess, an
assistant in the scientific department of the work of extermination of the
Gypsy moth, found a Czonaspis abundant on A/nus in a swamp in Stone-
ham, Mass. I made an examination of these specimens and found them
to be C. Lintner, Comst. The specimens occur only at the bases of
the young trees.
CHIONASPIS MINOR, Mask.
In the fall of 1897, Prof. A. L. Quaintance sent me a piece of a
branch of a ‘‘China-tree” (Media azedarach) badly infested with a white
90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Chionaspis, which, on examination, proved to be Chionaspis minor,
Mask. From the appearance of the branch, it occurred to me that the
species might be doing harm, and, on writing to Prof. Quaintance, I was
informed that it was severely attacking the ‘‘ China-trees” at Braiden-
town, Florida, having apparently killed many trees on the main street of
the town. This is the first time this species has been reported from the
United States, so far as I can learn, and as it has quite a large number
of food plants, its introduction is an important matter.
Chionaspis minor was originally described from New Zealand, and
is quite generally distributed in the West Indies. Mr. Alexander Craw
has also sent me specimens which arrived at San Francisco, Cal., on an
unidentified plant from Panama. ‘The species is known to attack Palm,
Vitis vinifera, Rhipogonum scandens, Persoonia, Hibiscus, Capsicum,
Erythrina, and Melia azedarach (China-tree).
A NEW GRASSHOPPER FROM ONTARIO.
BY E. M, WALKER, TORONTO.
Melanoplus abortivus, new species.— Size rather small, especially
the male. Female nearly as large as W7. femur-rubrum, but proportion-
ately much stouter.
Frontal costa nearly reaching the clypeus, subequal,though sometimes
a little contracted toward the vertex, plane except a slight depression at
the ocellus, or in the male generally slightly sulcate from just above the
ocellus, rather thinly punctate. Vertex with the margins slightly elevated,
gently expanding in front of the eyes for a distance about equal to or
somewhat less than that between the eyes in the female, rather greater in
the male. Interspace between the eyes rather broader than the first
antennal joint in the male, nearly twice as broad in the female. Eyes
rather prominent, especially in the male, of moderate size. Top of head
moderately prominent, evenly convex. Antennz about as long as the
head and pronotum. Anterior margin of pronotum truncate or very
slightly emarginate, posterior margin obtusely rounded. Sides of pro-
notum in the male sub-parallel, only slightly divergent posteriorly on the
metazona; in the female distinctly divergent throughout their entire length,
so that the width of the pronotum is about one-third greater at the pos-
terior than at the anterior margin. |Dorsum of pronotum broadly convex
and more or less distinctly and finely punctate on the metazona. Median
carina entirely obliterated or very indistinct on the prozona, distinct and
o THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91
somewhat elevated on the metazona. Lateral carine distinct except
towards the posterior margin of the metazona. Posterior margin of the
lateral lobes very oblique, forming an angle of about sixty degrees with
the dorsum, more or less distinctly angulate with the sinuous lower
margin ; metazona densely punctate, prozona glabrous and shining.
Prosternal spine short, bluntly conical, slightly bent backward, transverse
in the female. Tegmina not longer than the pronotum, generally
distinctly shorter, ovate in outline, the greatest breadth being about two-
thirds the length ; sometimes barely meeting on the dorsum, but more
often separated by a space of variable width, which is occasionally equal
to nearly half the greatest width of the tegmen. Wings reduced to mere
scales which do not quite reach the tympanum. Cerci of the male not
quite reaching to the tip of the supra-anal plate, simple, about two-thirds
as broad at the base as long, tapering to a blunt rounded point, which is
not or scarcely bent inwards, outer margin nearly straight, inner slightly
sinuate ; under surface slightly convex near the base. Supra-anal plate
with a narrow median furrow and a broader one of about equal depth on
each side ; triangular in outline, with rounded sides ; width at base about
two-thirds the length. Furcula minute, not more than about one-sixth
length of the supra-anal plate, about as broad as long, slightly approximate
and somewhat constricted in the middle. Sub-genital plate narrow,
elongate, entire, terminating in a blunt point. Hind femora stout, reach-
ing beyond the tip of the abdomen in the male, not quite to the end as a
rule in the female. Colour of dried specimens: Above, dull grayish-
brown, somewhat paler on the abdomen in the female, more or less dis-
tinctly speckled with darker gray. A shining black band runs from the
posterior border of the eye across the upper half of the lateral lobe of the
pronotum and downward to the middle coxa, and also backward along
the side of the abdomen, fading away near the last segment. It encloses
an oblique whitish spot running from the base of the tegmen to the hind
coxa. Below this black band the whole of the head and thorax is yellowish-
white in well-preserved specimens, deeper yellow on the metasternum.
There is also in the female generally a short whitish line along the lateral
carina of the pronotum, which is sometimes continued downward and
forward in an interrupted line across the black band. Venter pale yellow,
darker in the female. Hind femora yellowish-brown, under surface
reddish-yellow, crossed on both outer and inner surfaces by two oblique,
more or less distinct, dusky bands. Hind tibiwe coral-red. Fore and
92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. &
middle legs yellowish, fleeced with reddish-brown. Antenne dusky
paler at base.
Length of antenna: ¢ 5.5 to7 mm., 2 6.8 to 7.5 mm.
‘s “‘ head and pronotum: ¢ 6to7mm., 2 6.8 to 8 mm.
a ‘‘ hind femora: 3 9 tog.5 mm., 9 10 to r2 mm.
* “tegmen: g 3 to 3.5 mm., 2 3.5 to 5.5 mm.
* *“ body: ¢ 14.5 to 16.7, 9 20 to 24 mm.
This species is very closely allied to AZ. mancus, Smith, from which
it can be distinguished as follows: In mancus the cerci of the male are
much longer than in adortivus, reaching quite to the end of the supra-anal
plate, sometimes beyond it, while in adortivus they are always distinctly
shorter. In mancus they are fully twice as long as broad, generally more
than this, the apex considerably expanded and distinctly incurved ; the
furcula is much longer than in adortivus, being a fourth as long as the
supra-anal plate, while in the latter they are never more than one-sixth as
long. In abortivus they are about as broad as long, slightly convergent
and constricted in the middle, while in mancus they are distinctly longer
than broad and somewhat divergent. ‘The females are extremely difficult
to separate from those of mancus, there being scarcely one permanent
distinguishing character.
The lateral carinz of the pronotum are more prominent in adbortivus,
there being a distinct angle between the dorsum and lateral lobes, while
in mancus this angle is rounded off. In adortivus the posterior margin
of the pronotum is more or less angulated with the lower margin, in
mancus there is generally no semblance of an angle here.
Described from fifty-five specimens, of which twenty-five are males
and thirty females. Most of these were taken at De Grassi Point, Lake
Simcoe, Ontario, and in neighboring localities. The only other locality
where I have seen it is Aurora, Ontario, about 22 miles further south.
It is found in openings in rich shady woods and on their borders,
especially where the timber is of a coniferous growth. I have found it
most common in paths in swampy woods composed of spruce, balsam fir,
tamarack, paper birch, etc. Seldom more than one or two are seen at
once, though by diligent search specimens can be secured any day during
the proper season, which lasts from the first week in July, or a little later,
to the beginning of October. The earliest date upon which I have taken
a specimen is July 2, 1896.
Figures of this species will appear later, in connection with my
Notes on Some Ontario Acridiidx.”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MYRMELIONIDA:.—I,
BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Brachynemurus Coguilletti, new species.
Male.—Length, 33 mm.; expanse of wings, 44 mm.*; greatest width
of anterior wing, 5.6 mm.; length of antenna, 6 mm. ; luteous, marked
with dark fuscous ; clothed with white hairs, thickly so on abdomen ;
apical segments of abdomen with some black hairs among the white ones.
Face flat, luteous, bordered above by a pitchy-black band separating
the antenne and narrowly bordering them in front and on the outer side ;
a longitudinal median black line extends from this band almost to the
clypeus. Circum-ocular area luteous, except along the anterior portion
of the vertex, where it is fuscous, and on the margin next the eye, oppo-
site the middle of anterior joint of maxillary palpiger, where there is a
fuscous spot. Clypeus rather short, luteous, on either side anteriorly an
impressed spot ; above, a few black bristles. Labrum transverse, luteous;
rounded laterally and narrowed anteriorly, nearly straight in front, where
it is sparsely clothed with light-coloured hairs. Mandibles piceous,
black at tips.
Maxillary palpi of moderate length, luteous ; first two joints short,
about as broad as long, subequal ; third joint a little longer than first two
together, somewhat curved, enlarged apically ; fourth joint a little shorter
than third ; last joint as long as third, slightly fusiform (a little swollen
medially), apically piceous ; tip truncate, pale.
Labial palpi about same length as maxillary, luteous; first joint
twice as long as broad ; second joint about twice as long as first, curved,
enlarged apically ; apical joint as long as second, fusiform, strongly
narrowed apically, where it is piceous ; sparsely clothed with dark hairs ;
tip fine, truncate, pale.
Maxillary palpigers luteous. Labium and labial palpigers luteous.
Mentum luteous, with a longitudinal median dark line, at the posterior
end of which is a long bristlet. Gula luteous.
Antenne clavate, as long as head and thorax, luteous, joints with a
fuscous ring at base, clothed with some very short dark hairs or bristles ;
the two basal joints luteous, clouded with piceous ; basal joint set in a
yellow ring which is widest in front.
*One specimen, a co-type, collected at San Simon, Arizona, July 5, 1897, by Mr.
P yp 5 y
H. G. Hubbard, expands only 41 mm.
+This bristle is not apparent in some specimens,
94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Vertex elevated behind, rounded, luteous; post-antennal area fus-
cous ; two transverse fuscous bands on elevated portion ; these bands
merge into one along the middle third*; a short fuscous prolongation
posteriorly along the longitudinal median furrow.
Pronotum as broad as long, narrowed anteriorly, sparsely clothed
with rather long white hairs, more thickly so on margins ; sides sinuate,
front emarginate ; anterior angles rounded ; luteous, a longitudinal fuscous
band each side of middle line ; these.bands are approximate or coales-
cent behind the transverse furrow, more widely separated before it ;
another longitudinal fuscous band on the outer side of each middle one,
behind the transverse furrow. Lateral caring luteous. Beneath luteous,
a longitudinal fuscous streak on each side near carina.
Mesothorax sparsely clothed with white hairs ; lobes of dorsum
strongly elevated ; anterior lobe fuscous, a spot each side, and one at
posterior margin medially, luteous ; lateral lobes fuscous, a few luteous
spots near the articulation of wings ; on each of these lateral lobes a
luteous triangle whose apex terminates near the mid-dorsal line; posterior
lobe luteous, a longitudinal median fuscous streak which. is wider
anteriorly ; posterior angles luteous, each with a U-shaped fuscous streak.
Below mostly fuscous, at base of wings and legs luteous.
Metathorax sparsely clothed with white hairs ; dorsum with lobes
less elevated than those of mesothorax ; anterior lobe luteous, with a
U- or V-shaped fuscous marking; lateral lobes each with a luteous
triangle similar to those on corresponding lobes of mesonotum ; base of
wings above fuscous ; posterior lobe similar to that of mesonotum. Sides
and below mostly fuscous ; bases of legs and wings, and a few spots,
fuscous.
Abdomen longer than wings, slender, thickly clothed with white
hairs, a few black ones apically, fuscous, the basal segments above
luteous with a median black line.
Appendages short, half as broad as long, one-fourth the length of
last segment, cylindrical, obtuse on tip, luteous ; clothed with long black
hairs or bristles; between the appendages below, a short triangular
luteous plate. ;
“In one specimen, a co-type. collected in Los Angeles County, California, by Mr,
Albert Koebele, the bands are interrupted at the longitudinal median furrow ; in
another co-type, collected July 5, 1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hub-
bard, these bands are almost enterely merged into one,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95
Legs of moderate length, luteous, sparsely sprinkled with black or
brownish-black at bases of hairs and spines ; sparsely clothed with dark
hairs and beset with long black spines. Tibial spurs as long as first three
tarsal joints, moderately curved, rufo-piceous. Apices of tarsal joints
black, third and fourth joints entirely so. Claws as long as fifth tarsal
joint, moderately curved, rufo-piceous.
Wings somewhat falcate at tips, hyaline, clothed on venation, and
sparsely on membrane, with dark hairs; posterior borders of wings
subapically strongly arcuate, almost angulate, making the wings quite
broad before tips. Pterostigma luteous, on inner side a black spot
formed by junction of sub-costal and median veins ; before the ptero-
stigma a few intercostals forked. Principal longitudinal veins luteous,
interrupted at junctures of transversals with black ; a longitudinal vein
between median and submedian entirely luteous; other longitudinal
veins and transversals fuscous, interrupted with luteous.
Anterior wings with the anterior transversals springing from the
submedian vein above, and some other veins posterior to it, with small
fuscous spots ; posterior wings shorter than anterior, immaculate. Pos-
terior borders of both wings fringed with dark hairs.
Female.— Length, 25 mm.; expanse of wings, 44 mm.; greatest width
of anterior wing, 6 mm.; length of antenna, 5 mm.*
Antenne more clavate than in male. Abdomen a litter shorter than
anterior wings, not luteous on basal segments above ; tip luteous ; supe-
rior parts split, clothed with long dark hairs and beset with coarse black
spines at apex ; below, two short, cylindrical appendages, clothed with
long dark hairs.
Type.—No. 3814, U.S. National Museum. One male, collected
July 5, 1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard.
No. 3814a, U. S. National Museum. One female collected in San
Bernardino County, California, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett.
Cotypes.—Collection U. S. National Museum. Two males, one
with antenne and apical segments of abdomen gone, collected July 5,
1897, at San Simon, Arizona, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard; one male with
fragmentary abdomen, collected in _ August, in Los Angeles County, Cali-
*This is a small specimen; a female, co-type, from Los Angeles County, California,
collected in August by Mr. Albert Koebele, is 29 mm. in length and expands 51 mm.
A third specimen, also a female co-type, from the same locality, collected in July by
the same person, is slightly smaller than this latter,
96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
fornia, by Mr. Albert Koebele ; two females collected by the latter in
Los Angeles County, California, one in July the other in August.
This species is peculiar chiefly through the shape of the wings, and
through the very slender abdomen. Luteous is the prevailing colour in
the males, fuscous in the females. The male appendages are very
similar, in size and shape, to those of B. longipalpis.
CONCERNING TICKS.
BY REV. W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., LL. D., CHANCELLOR OF THE WESTERN
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
The other day a distinguished artist friend of mine called upon me
with a small bottle containing some whiskey, which by its odour I judged
was good, when he first took it from his flask, and in it was what he de-
nominated a “ bug.” He told me that he had experienced ‘‘ one of the
most wonderful adventures of his life” in connection with the specimen
he put before me, and went on to tell me that during the past summer,
while sketching in the mountains, he had discovered one evening, when
undressing, a small, dark swelling on his breast. He thought it to be a
little abnormal growth on the skin and paid no attention to it. From
time to time he noticed it afterwards, when retiring, and found to his
considerable alarm that it was gradually growing larger, and evil thoughts
of cancer, tumors, and what not, began to float through his mind. Finally,
after some two weeks had passed, one evening, as he expressed it, ‘‘while
fooling with the darned thing it came off.” He laid it down on the dress-
ing-case before him and was presently astounded to see it slowly crawling
away from the spot. Then a small bottle was sought out, the whiskey
flask was brought into requisition, and the “‘ bug” was safely bottled, to be
referred to me for an explanation. This proved not difficult to give. The
specimen was a well-developed example of /xodes albipictus, Packard.
We had a hearty laugh together, and my friend assured me that he “would
know better the next time, and not let such creatures establish such a
lengthy abode upon his person.” His adventure recalled to me a letter
which I have long had in my possession, intending to publish it, as it is
very well written, and adds a touch of humour to the subject. The
specimen referred to in the letter is in my collection, and proves to be an
example of Zxodes bovis,a very common plague in the south-western part
of this country. The writer of the letter, a young friend of mine, says:
‘“‘T had no idea that my bug was of interest to anybody but myself,
but I assure you I was glad to let him go.
le)
~
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
‘“* We sleep on the ground all summer here in New Mexico, with no
protection and but little covering. Bugs of all kinds, and even centi-
pedes, crawl under and into our beds for shelter. I was on the Rio Gila,
near the Arizona line, sleeping on the sand, with a blanket under me and
my boots for a pillow, when I absorbed the specimen you have now in
your collection. It was probably smaller at that time, as the pain and
irritation gradually increased for about two weeks.
“T was seventy-five miles from a physician, and had no idea of
consulting one, until the pain became unbearable. In the meantime, I
had used all the common domestic remedies which were at hand, for
what I thought was earache. Finally the pain destroyed sleep and an-
noyed me constantly during the day, and I was driven against my will to
consult a physician. He examined my ear, told me it was much in-
flamed, gave me a ‘wash,’ which I used twice without effect, and I car-
ried the thing two weeks longer. The hearing in my right ear was
affected from the very first, but during the last week I lost the ability
to hear in both ears, and the pain became almost intolerable. I went to
Trinidad and consulted a doctor there, who after a very thorough exam-
ination told me it was polypus. In his efforts to remove this he dragged
out the bug. My hearing was at once restored, but the irritation re-
mained for some time.
*‘T have heard of two other cases of the same kind, which were re-
lieved by the injection of tobacco-juice, in one instance after the man had
become frantic with pain. These creatures are often found in the ears
of cattle and occasionally of horses.
“ All results flowing from my enforced connection with the bug have
disappeared, the inflammation has vanished, my hearing is as good as
ever, and when a tick next gets into my ear I will try the tobacco cure at
once, notwithstanding Aunt Beck’s objection to its use in any form.”
The genus Ixodes is of considerable extent, but, so far as is known
to the writer, without taking especial pains to look up the entire litera-
ture, has not received revisional treatment during the past forty years.
A search of the Entomological Record shows that many species have
been described in the time which has elapsed since this valuable publi-
cation was commenced, but no student has apparently addressed himself
to the task of monographing this genus and itsallied genera. A thorough
revision of the Ixodide is a desideratum, which it is to be hoped some
enthusiast may before long undertake to give us,
98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
MANITOBA BUTTERFLIES.
As the result of last year’s work I have an addition to make to
the list of Manitoba Diurni, which appeared in this magazine about two
years ago. On July 3rd, when driving across an outlying portion of my
farm, in a flowery glade amongst some scrub I saw an unusual looking
‘‘ fritillary” hovering over and settling together with Argyunis Lats
upon some lillies in bloom. On netting it I found it to be a ‘‘ green
wing,” which has been determined by my friend, Dr. Fletcher, to be
A. Edwardsii. Ina short time I secured three or four more examples
of this Western species from the same place. On the 7th July I found
it again in a similar locality, about a mile south of where I had originally
seen it, and secured some more specimens, all of which, except perhaps a
couple whose wings were slightly chipped, were in good condition. I
went out again on the roth, but though Zazs and Cybe/e were on the
wing, I did not see ALdwardsiz. A correspondent at Brandon (in this
Province), Mr. Boger, writes me that he also took one or two “ green
wings” this summer; Brandon being 60 or 70 miles to the N.-W. of me.
He was, when writing, under the impression that his was A. Vevadensis.
It would be a very curious fact if both species (?) visited Manitoba at
the same time, and it would look very much as though they were only
varieties of one species. I have just noticed among my series one
specimen that varies slightly from the majority, and is somewhat like the
description given of 4. Wevadensis. Colias Cesonia did not again
present itself, though I saw in 1896 at least half a dozen specimens
besides the two I caught.
Mr. A. W. Hanham, of Winnipeg, has referred to my collection in the
very useful list of Manitoba moths which commenced in the December
number of this magazine. Iam sorry to say that Iam unable to give
him any assistance worth mention, through the bulk of my collection
being unnamed. ‘This is to be regretted, as I think I might be able to
make some additions, and the list should be as complete as possible.
He has kindly offered his assistance in naming my insects, and anything
he finds new amongst them can appear in a supplementary list at some
future date. We poor collectors in the Wild West labour under many
and very great difficulties. Not only do specimens suffer more or less in
transit through the post, but boxes do not always receive due care and
attention ‘at the other end.” The practice, too, of specialists annexing
all new and rare species and interesting varieties is much to be
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99
deprecated. I think entomologists might be more generous to one
another. For my own part I would gladly pay handsomely in specimens
to anyone who would name for me what I send, but I do not like parting
with wigue specimens. I collect only Manitoba insects, and have
several species of which I have only seen single examples during the
seventeen years I have been in the country. I have them annexed by
some specialist. What then? I might, having taken the species, replace
it by specimens from Nevada or Colorado, let us say. But they would
not be Manitoban specimens, and very likely would present certain minor
differences. All thanks and credit being given to those who, through
greater advantages and opportunities, have acquired a knowledge which
it is impossible for many of their brethren who are less favourably
situated to gain, and impart that knowledge, but they exact too heavy a
price for it, and by so doing, instead of encouraging the study of ento-
mology, confine it within narrow limits by their action.
EK. FirmMsrtone Heatu, Cartwright, Manitoba.
TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS.
BY MRS. A. J. SNYDER, BELVIDERE, ILLINOIS.
A year ago last autumn, while rambling about the fields, we took
especial notice of the galls upon the golden-rod. We saw that there were
two kinds, the elongated and the round. We knew that from the former
came a tiny moth, well-known to us, and from the latter a fly with which
we were not familiar, or, if familiar, not known to come from this gall.
The elongated galls were all empty,-but the round ones we found upon
examination contained each a small white grub. We gathered a quantity
of the galls and placed them in a jelly glass on the writing table where
they would be constantly before us for observation.
On the following twenty-first of April we noticed something peculiar
about one of the galls. There was a movement at one little spot that
soon looked like a tiny drop of water. We were on the alert instantly,
and with microscopes in hand awaited developments. Upon closer
investigation the “drop of water” looked more like a membranous
bubble (ptilinum, I think is the correct term for this sac-like organ).
With the naked eye it could be seen to expand and relax, and upon it
were observed tiny drops of water or some liquid substance,— sweat
drops as we shall call them. :
The following is a minute description (for an amateur) of the
emergence of the fly as seen through a hand lens. In the first place
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
there seemed to bea depression and ridge like the arcs of a great circle
cutting each other at right angles and dividing the sac into quarters.
The ‘‘ sweat drops” stood out upon the ptilinum like little beads as it
expanded and relaxed gently.
‘Suddenly the ptilinum apparently withdrew into the aperture of the
gall, being almost out of sight, and then it as suddenly swelled out; at
the same time there was a change in the position of the “sweat drops,”
and they were larger than before.
After this great relaxation and emergence the fly came out rapidly
until the eyes were visible. The ptilinum extended far out above the
eyes, overshadowing them. The appearance of the visible part of the fly
at this period reminded one strongly of a back view of a head that is
bald, the eyes of the fly taking the place of the ears. Under the mag-
nifier the eyes were distinctly purplish.
After the head and part of the body were out of the gall the
relaxations of the sac were shown by depressions. These depressions
were across the top of the sac — laterally — and were four in number.
There were also three depressions at the back — horizontally. Some-
times the fly did not seem to gain much in an effort after a relaxation,
and at other times the amount of emergence was quite noticeable.
When the mouth-parts became visible they were seen to open and the
ptilinum to relax simultaneously with each effort. When the fly had
nearly emerged the efforts became greater, and the ptilinum sank very
much at each relaxation.
After a final struggle the fly crawled slowly out upon the gall and
rested. The ptilinum partially collapsed, relieving the fly of its top-heavy
appearance, and gradually, and at the same time almost unnoticeably, it
was all seemingly absorbed, and a very natural looking fly was before us.
We noticed the emergence of a number of these insects, with the same
results, as far as we could determine.
The disappearance of the ptilinum at the final stage was almost a
mystery. It would seem to be gradually disappearing, and yet, all at
once, it was gone and there was not the slightest trace of it. Perhaps a
stronger microscope would have revealed more.
We opened some of the galls before the flies emerged to see how
heavy a door they had to open. We found the pupa ina small excavation
at the centre of the gall, and a circular channel, less than two millimeters
in diameter, leading from it to the outside of the gall, only the mere skin
of the enlarged stem serving as a covering.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101
A NEW BOMBYCID.
BY R. OTTOLENGUI, NEW YORK.
Cisthene striata, nov. sp.—Antennz and palpi black. Head, pro-
thorax and patagia creamy, the prothorax of a deeper shade. Thorax
above dull gray. Abdomen rose coloured above and laterally, gray ven-
trally. Legs brownish-gray.
Primaries, upper side, dull gray, the veins all of a deeper shade,
giving the wings a striated appearance. Three narrow longitudinal stripes
of creamy colour cross the wing. The first along the costa narrowing
and disappearing at the apex. The second along the median vein, aris-
ing near the base and reaching the outer margin ; this stripe is widest
centrally and pointed at each end. The third is between this and the
inner margin. It begins at the base and terminates at the upper edge of
a distinct yellow spot near the angle. There is also a narrow yellow
streak along the inner margin from the base to the spot mentioned.
Under side, gray, the more distinct marks of the reverse showing faintly
except the spot near the angle which is distinct and rosy instead of
yellow.
Secondaries, upper side, rosy with gray apices. Reverse the same.
Expanse 17 mm. Described from one male in the collection of the
author. Taken at Miami, Florida, by Mr. Brownell.
COCKERELL ON PANURGUS AND CALLIOPSIS.
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS.
Prof. Cockerell’s treatment of these genera is likely to create an
erroneous impression, which should be corrected wherever his statements
are made. In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., 150, he says: ‘*It is
perfectly evident that the so-called species of Panurgus of North Am-
erica are not all of the same genus.” In the Dec. Can. ENT., p. 287,
he says: ‘The result is extremely interesting, and seems to show that
we have for many years been placing bees in genera to which they by no
means belong.” To those acquainted with the literature and the bees in
question this has been clearly understood, at least since it was distinctly
stated by Cresson ten years ago. In the Synopsis, page 134, Cresson
says: ‘The genera Panurgus, Culliopsis and Ferdita have been
made the receptacle for a number of species which do not properly
belong to either of these genera, and have been placed there provision-
ally until more abundant material can be obtained, when a more careful
study may be made of their characters.” Mr. Cresson wisely intended
to save himself and others from fabricating such genera as Pseudopanur-
gus and Hemihatlictus.
102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A NEW EGG-PARASITE OF THE PERIODICAL CICADA.
BY L. 0. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The Chalcidid subfamily Trichogrammatinz is composed entirely of
Species parasitic in the eggs of other insects. A synopsis of the genera
has recently been published by Dr. Chr. Aurivillius in ‘‘ Entomologisk
Tidskrift ” for 1897, pp. 249-256, apropos to the establishment of a new
genus (Oophthora) for a species which he has reared in Sweden from the
eggs of Semblidis lutarie. In this synopsis of the genera Dr. Aurivillius
makes Lathromeris, Forster (Hymenopt. Stud., 1856, 2, pp. 87-89) a
synonym of Cheetostricha, Haliday (An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, Vol.
7 Leash p: 21.2).
Without being able to consult types, it is obvious to the writer, from
comparison of Haliday’s original description with that of Forster, that the
two genera cannot be synonymous since Lathromeris has a compact
4-jointed club, whereas Cheetostricha is described as having the 3rd joint
broad, with the 4th, 5th and 6th forming the club (3-jointed). Moreover,
Lathromeris has a ring-joint which was not mentioned in the description
of the Halidayan genus. ‘The following description, therefore, may be
considered as reviving the genus Lathromeris. The additional “ kleines
griffelformiges endglied ” which Forster states appears to be present with
Lathromeris is not present with the following species, but the club bears
several long apical hairs which, were they moistened and stuck together,
would have the appearance described by the famous German hymenop-
terologist.
LATHROMERIS CICAD, new species.
Female.— Length,.74 mm.; expanse, 1.48 mm.; greatest width of
fore wing, .2t mm. Body long and slender, abdomen acuminate and
longer than head and thorax together; antenne short, clavate, scape
rather stout, pedicel still stouter and half as long as scape, ring-joint very
minute, almost imperceptible, club stouter than pedicel and as long as
scape, compact but rather plainly divided into 4 subequal joints, the
apical one being slightly the longest, fusiform in shape and with rather
long delicate hairs, especially toward the tip ; wings ample, with short
marginal cilia ; stigmal vein not curved and extending into disk of wing
atan angle of about 45 degrees from costa. Colour sordid yellowish,
occiput black ; pronotum dusky, black at sides ; abdomen dark at sides ;
eyes coral red; ocelli very dark red, almost claret coloured ; antennz
slightly dusky.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103
Mad/e.—Slightly shorter than female ; abdomen with parallel sides
and rounded at tip ; antennee with a dark blotch at base of club.
Described from two males, two females, reared from eggs of Cicada
septendecim, collected by T. Pergande, in Virginia, just across the
Potomac River from the City of Washington, in July, 1895. All four
specimens mounted on a single slide. Type No. 3850, U. S. Nat. Mus.
NOTES ON SOME BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FROM
HARTROR DE CONNECTICUT.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.
The following notes are based on specimens collected by Mr. S. N.
Dunning, all at Hartford :—
(1) Andrena Dunningi, n. sp.—Q?. Length 12 mm.; black, with
ochraceous pubescence. Facial quadrangle broader than long ;
lateral facial depressions covered with appressed pubescence ;
clypeus shining, with large close punctures, median line im-
punctate ; front below ocelli irregularly striate, a keel descending
from middle ocellus ; vertex minutely roughened, with ill-formed
punctures ; antennz reaching to tegule, wholly dark, first joint of
flagellum a little longer than the two following together ; mandibles
dark, rufescent at extreme tip ; process of labrum broad and low,
but very large, gently curved; thorax, even the metathorax at
base, quite densely covered with long fulvo-ochraceous hair, that
on pleura like that above; mesothorax minutely tessellate or
lineolate, with strong deep punctures; enclosure of metathorax
granular, ill-defined ; tegule shining, dark brown ; wings strongly
flavescent, not darkened at apex, stigma ferruginous, nervures dark
brown ; second submarginal cell very broad, nearly as large as the
third, receiving the first recurrent only just beyond the middle ;
legs black, the small joints of the tarsi dark reddish-brown ;
pubescence of femora, and of hind tibia, ochraceous; that of the
other tibia, and all the tarsi, very dark chocolate brown, shining
paler in certain lights ; abdomen shiny, minutely tessellate, ze7t/
quite numerous but very small and weak punctures; surface of
abdomen bare, without bands; apex densely clothed with fulvous
hair ; venter with long fulvous hairs.
ffab.—Hartford, Connecticut. May 26, 1895 (S. N. Dunning).
Superficially this species looks much like A. vicina, but the
pubescence of the apex of the abdomen at once separates it. It
is very much like A. pruni, but that has the punctures of the
abdomen much stronger, the basal joint of the hind tarsi is longer
and narrower, and the colour of the tarsal pubescence is entirely
different.
104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
(2) A. Forbesii, Rob—¢@. April 19. Beside the colour of the pubes-
cence, Forbesii is distinguished from rugesa by the smaller and
more numerous ridges on the base of the metathorax ; about 20 in
Forbesii, about 12 or 14 in rugosa. The abdominal hair-bands of
Forbesii may be practically obsolete.
(3) A. Cressonit. Rob.— ¢, April 30; 9, April 19. The ¢ is not quite
typical in the face-markings.
(4) A. dipunctata, Cress.—Many males, April 19 to May 18.
(5) A. vicina, Sm.—April 21 to June 18. Very many. None are var.
errans (A. errans, Sm.). At Olympia, Washington State, Mr. T.
Kincaid takes the typical form and var. evrans together, the variety
being the most numerous.
(6) A. fimbriata, Sm.— 9, Sept. gand15. ¢, Sept. 9. The male is.
smaller and more slender than the @; face wholly dark, with
long yellow hair; flagellum faintly ferruginous beneath ; process
of labrum bifid; apex of abdomen with yellowish-white hair ;
pubescence of legs pale.
BOOK NOTICE.
SoME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF SPECIES.—By
fee Woe Tatt,< Fi S.
This is the title of the presidential address delivered before the City
of London (England) Entomological and Natural History Society, De-
cember, 1897, published in a pamphlet of 20 pages. Mr. Tutt interest-
ingly reviews the recent theories as to the causes of species formation,
touching on the presence of variation in organic beings, action of natural
selection, origin of local races by adaptation to differing environment,
etc., and comes to the conclusion that all generic and specific characters
are due to the past or present action of natural selection. Compara-
tively fresh points are made in that specialization of genital organs does
not necessarily accompany other specialization, and that isolation may
be brought about by difference in time of emergence, difference in habit
or in the hours of mating, as well as by geographical conditions.
Mr. Tutt does not believe that climate, food, sexual selection (in
insects at least), isolation or laws of growth can produce specific charac-
ters ; all such must be utilitarian. This is the position so ably defended
by Wallace, but nevertheless certainly untenable.
The reviewer would refer Mr. Tutt to the case of Datana, where all
the specific characters seem so evidently due to the action of isolation
alone, as most recently lucidly explained by Romanes. In this case the
isolation is due principally to different food plants.
Harrison G. Dyar.
Mailed April Ist, 1898.
CAN GHENIF ee Ole xX: PLATE 5.
Fig. |, Deva (?) ornata; 2, Basilodes Howardi ; 3, B. territans, male ; 4, B.
territans, female; 5, Kallitrichia albavena; 6, K. pendula; 7, K. sagittalba,
[NOTE.—The colouring is merelu approximate ;, all, except No, 2, having practically
white secondaries, with dusku shadows.]
Oe dae ke at
Vor. XXX. LONDON, MAY, 1898. No. 5:
METALLIC SPECIES OF BASILODES AND NEW SPECIES OF
ALLIED GENERA.
BY R. OTTOLENGUI, NEW YORK.
Among the Basilodes there are three closely allied species of very
similar pattern, the fore wings being mainly solid metallic golden. These
are territans, Hy. Edw., Howardi, Hy. Edw., and Arizone, French;
Howardi and Arizone having been described as Plusias. The most
casual examination of the front of Hewardi separates it structurally from
Plusia and places it with Basilodes. Arizone I have not seen, the only
specimen known to me being the ‘‘type” in the collection of Prof.
French. I, however, sent a male and female of territans to Prof. French
for comparison with his “ type,” thinking that Edwards might have
redescribed French’s species. from Prof. French’s reply, together with
a photograph of the type which he kindly had made for me, I have little
doubt that his species is a Basilodes, unless, indeed, it may belong to an
allied, undescribed genus of which I have to write.
The following notes may aid in identifying these three species :
Basilodes territans, Ay. Edw.—Edwards described this by com-
parison with Howardi, but fails to note two differences, probably because
his single type of Howardi is in indifferent condition. He speaks of two
spots along the costa. This is clearly discernible in the female (see
plate, fig. 4), but the male is siightly different. The ground colour
persists along the median vein as far as the cell, thus dividing the
metallic area and isolating a long narrow metallic spot between the costa
and the vein (see plate, fig. 3.) Moreover, in territans the metallic
colouring reaches quite to the fringes all along the outer margin, whilst
in Howardi at the centre of the outer margin the ground colour shows as
a semi-lunar blotch. ‘This is more distinct in the female (Howardi) than
in the male. In territans the secondaries of the male are clear white,
while in the female a dusky shade shows along the costa and outer
margin. Male expands 33 mm.; the female 35 mm. My specimens
agree with the types in the Neuméegen collection.
106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Basilodes Howardi.—\ have not seen the description, but it was
made from a single specimen. It is worth recording, therefore, that both
sexes are alike except in size. The male expands 35 mm., and the
female 37 mm. These measurements might lead one to imagine that
Howardi is but little larger than territans, which would be a gross error,
Howardi being a much more robust insect, with wings much broader in
proportion to their length than in territans. Both sexes have uniformly
brownish secondaries. My specimens agree with the type in the
Edwards collection. (Plate, fig. 2.)
Basilodes Arizone, French.—Of this Prof. French writes to me:
“Your two specimens (territans) have the same general colour as
Arizone, but the markings are different. Arizone has the posterior
margin of tne fore wings longer in proportion. The type of Arizonz has
a patch at posterior angle (purplish-brown), and one on the middle of the
posterior margin.” The original description says ‘“ hind wings whitish,”
but as it refers to a single male specimen, I should expect the female to
show dusky margins as in territans.
SYNOPSIS.
Metallic golden fore wings, costa and markings purplish brown.
1. Two spots along costa, metallic area reaching from the base
fully to the fringes at outer margin, anal angle very rounded,
secondaries white with dusky border, female; or, same with
median vein showing brownish and secondaries pure white,
197 (2 pas POI eee po IAS A ey Ra 5, eRe PALIEE AES
2. As above, additional spots at anal angle and centre of posterior
margin, anal angle less rounded.................. Arizona.
3. Metallic area cut near the base, large triangular brownish blotch
along the costa, another at the base along the posterior margin,
and a smaller blotch at centre of outer margin; secondaries
brownish, anal angle not rounded................. Howard.
Deva ornata, nov. spec.—(See plate, fig. 1.) Head, antenne, palpi
and thorax dull yellowish-brown. Primaries brilliant metallic golden.
Pattern exactly as in Basilodes Howard?, except that the metallic area
reaches the fringes all along the outer margin. The costa is pale
yellowish-brown, except at the apex, where the metallic colouring persists.
An irregular triangular blotch depends from the costa, in the centre of
which the reniform is plainly visible, outlined by a darker brown line, a
line of similar colour crossing the blotch obliquely between the reniform
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107
and the apex. The reniform within the brown outline is of a deeper
shade than the surrounding field, and by close examination seems to
show a few metallic scales. The metallic colouring is cut near the base
by the t. a. line which connects the costa with a triangular blotch at the
inner margin near the base as in Bastlodes Howardi. In the proper
light the t. p. line appears as a series of faint dots, invisible when the
light is reflected by the metallic scales. Fringes full, alternating two
shades of light brown, and divided by a fine line which parallels the outer
margin, making the fringes seem double. Secondaries clear white
(satiny), a hair line of brown at the extreme outer margin. Described
from one specimen labeled “‘ Hot Springs, N. Mexico, 7,000 ft. Alt.”
Type, male, No. 25975, National Museum, Washington. Expands
31 mm.
I must at once declare that this species is not a Deva at all, but is
probably an undescribed genus, near Basilodes. I cannot risk a descrip-
tion of a genus, however, on account of the condition of the under side
of the insect, which is badly smeared with glue. The structure of the
front, however, with its long palpi, removes it from Basilodes, although I
found it in the Museum collection labeled Baszlodes Howardi, which it
so closely resembles. It may rest tentatively with Deva until found again.
Kallitrichia, gen. nov. (kd\Xos, tpixes, having beautiful hair).—An-
tennz simple, slightly serrate, laterally compressed. Clypeus slightiy
roughened, no tubercle, rounded. Palpi oblique, short, very slightly exceed-
ing the front; first and second joints subequal, third joint half the length of
the second; smoothly haired. Eyes naked. Tongue moderate. Thorax
smooth. Vestiture short, hairs with a few scales intermingled. Legs:
tibiz without spines, anterior tibiz with claw at tip. Abdomen smooth.
Primaries, costa straight, wing triangular. Secondaries full and rounded.
Kaltitrichia albavena, spec. nov.— Antenne brown (white at base
and perhaps throughout in fresh specimens). Head, thorax and body
white. Primaries metallic green (pale pea green). Costa shows as a
rigidly straight heavy white line, uniting at the apex with the white fringes,
which in turn join a fine white line which borders the inner margin.
Median vein white along the outer half (and perhaps throughout in some
specimens, there being a faint indication of such a tendency in the speci-
men before me). Secondaries pure white (satiny). Described from one
female which expands 30 mm. Habitat, Arizona. Type in collection of
the author. (Plate, fig. 5.)
108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Kallitrichia pendula, spec. nov.—Similar to the last, except that all
the white markings here are dusky, only a few scattering pure white scales
appearing. The costal mark is not so rigid along the inner edge. The
white median vein of a/bavena disappears, and in the region of the
reniform we have a pendulum-shaped spot hanging from the costa.
secondaries dusky. (Plate, fig. 6.)
Described from one specimen, male, which expands 30 mm.
Habitat, Arizona. Type in collection of the author.
It should be noted that in this species the costa is not so rigidly
straight as in the last, being slightly bent near the base. When other
specimens of this are found, I should not be surprised to find in some
specimens that the median vein would show brownish, separating the
metallic area, as was noted in the male of 4asilodes territans.
Kallitrichia sagittalba, spec., nov.— (Plate, fig. 7.) Antenne
brownish. Head, thorax and body white. (I have called the bodies of
these three species white, because what scales seem fresh are white, but
as the bodies are in poor condition and somewhat greased, when fresh
they may be brownish.) Primaries: solid metallic pea green. A wide
white band occupies the costa, continuing as a narrow white band all
along the outer margin and around the angle, where it is gradually lost.
The outer terminals of three veins reach the outer margin as faint white
lines. The upper of these extends from the costal band, and thus
encloses a bit of the metallic colouring near the apex. The other two are
the points of a prominent white sagittate mark which occupies the centre
of the wing. Fringes full and white. Secondaries dusky, more so in the
female. Male expands 25 mm.; female, 28 mm. Habitat, Arizona.
Types, male and female, in collection of the author.
OBITUARY.
On the 18th of February, Mr. JoHnson Perrtir died at Buffalo, N.
Y., and was buried a few days later at Grimsby, Ont. For many years
Mr. Pettit was a most diligent and successful collector of Coleoptera in
the neighbourhood of Grimsby, and was well known amongst Ento-
mologists both in this country and the United States. After forming a
very complete collection of the beetles of Ontario, so far as known at
that time, he gave up the pursuit and turned his attention to Geology.
Subsequently he sold his cabinet of insects to the Entomological Society
of Ontario, at a nominal price, in order that it might be kept in a place of
safety and preserved from destruction. His work was characterized by
remarkable neatness and painstaking accuracy.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109
A NEW ORCHARD PEST—THE FRINGED-WING APPLE-
BUD MOTH (Noruris? MALIGEMMELLA, Nn. Sp.).
BY J. M. STEDMAN, PROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI.
GENERAL REMARKS.
While experimenting two years ago with the Leaf Crumpler and the
Leaf Folder, a gentleman asked me to visit his apple orchard, some two
miles distant, and to observe the destructive work of what he supposed
was the Leaf Folder. The orchard had been in bearing for several years
and covered sixty acres. The apple trees had at that time just shed their
blooms (petals) and the adjacent orchards appeared green, while the
infested one was very conspicuous, appearing as if a fire had swept
through it.
On entering the orchard it was seen at a glance the injury was not
caused by the Leaf Folder, but by a bud moth, which I at once concluded
must be the Eastern Bud Moth ( Zmetocera ocellana). However, as soon
as I saw the larvee that were doing the work, I observed that we had to
deal with an entirely different species of insect, one which I had not
observed or read of, and yet one that was doing a vast amount of damage,
for the entire orchard was not only losing its prospective heavy crop of
fruit, but also a large per cent. of the developing leaves and shoots, and
as a consequence, the prospects for next year’s fruit buds.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS INSECT.
From inquiry, it seems this -pest first made its appearance in one
corner of the apple orchard two years previously, and since that time had
multiplied to such an extent as to not only cover this orchard, but had
spread into the edge of two adjacent apple orchards, but not into an
adjacent pear orchard. The moth had its own way in this orchard,
however, since the party owning it did not up to that time believe in
spraying, and this enabled nature to take her course; while in most
commercial orchards the pest might not have multiplied so rapidly owing
to the sprayings applied for other insects.
Thus far we have seen this moth only in the apple orchards in
Jackson County, although several fruit-growers have lately reported its
presence in their apple orchards in other western counties of this State,
_ but they have not as yet sent specimens for identification.*
*Since the above was written I have been reliably informed that this insect has
been doing considerable damage in Kansas for the past three years.
110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Although we have not been able to determine, as yet, either the
original locality from which this moth came, or the original food plant, it
is not improbable that this insect has but lately taken to the apple, and
that it existed and may now exist as an obscure insect feeding on some
wild and uncultivated plant.
THE APPEARANCE AND DESCRIPTION OF THIS PEST.
The egg is very small, being only 0.6 mm.* in length, and 0.35 mm.
in breadth, and is, therefore, apt to escape notice. It is of a uniform light
yellow colour, oval in shape, with the surface thrown
into small shallow depressions and elevations, which
become larger and deeper at one end, in the centre
of which there is a protuberance or very short
peduncle. One of these eggs is shown in figure 8,
greatly enlarged.
The larva is also very small when first hatched,
rahe ~/*/ being less than r mm. in length. It is at first of a
light yellow colour, with the head shining black, and
F ae the shield on the dorsal part of the first thoracic
Fig, 8.—Egg of Fringed- : <
Wing Apple- Bud Moth, segment of a seal brown colour ; the body is sparsely
Nothris? maligemmella— - 2 Pe
greatly enlarged; a, entire clothed with short light-coloured hairs arising from
egg—X 30 Diam.; b, one ., % “
end of same still more en- slight elevations, some of which have a darker
larged, (Original.) ‘
coloured centre; the three pairs of true legs are
brown, while the five pairs of pro-legs are of the same colour as the
body, and are borne by the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and last seg-
ments. As the larve become a little larger, the above characters remain
the same except that the shield on the dorsal part of the first thoracic
segment soon becomes shining black like the head, and the general
colour of the body becomes more of a light greenish-yellow colour,
due largely to the transparency of the body allowing the intestine, which
is filled with green food, to show through somewhat. ‘These characters
&
Fig. 9.—Larva of Fringed-Wing Apple-Bud Moth, Nothris?
maligemmella—greatly enlarged— X 12 Diam. ( Original.)
*There are about 25 mm. to an inch.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LEE
are now retained until the larva is nearly full-grown, when the colour of
the true legs and of the head and shield become lighter and finally of
the same colour as the general body. The full-grown larva is about 8
mm. in length. Figure 9g represents a larva 6 mm. in length, greatly
enlarged, and will give one a good idea of the appearance of the larvee of
this moth throughout the greater portion of their existence. ‘They are
very conspicuous with their light greenish-yellow bodies and glossy black
heads and shields.
The pupa, which stage is passed within a thin, white,
silken cocoon, is 5.5 mm. in length and 2 mm. in
width ; of a uniform brown colour, and with a row of
small, almost round depressions along each side of the
sutures between the last five abdominal segments, and
with indications of depressions in the form of markings
along the sides of the other abdominal sutures. Figure
10 represents a lateral view of one of these pupz greatly
enlarged.
The adult is represented natural size in the photo-
graph in figure rr, while figure 12 represents a photograph user otis
of this same mothenlarged. Since this moth belongs to Bud Moth, Nothris ’
F ‘i Pistag: maligemmella—m uch
the group Tineina of the small moths known as Micro- enlarged—X 7 Diam,
Lepidoptera, and since I had failed to find a description eric
of this species in the literature at our command, a specimen was forwarded
for determination to Dr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division of
the United States Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Dr. Howard reported that the
species could not be found in the
z National Museum collection. There-
a fore, since only two entomologists
in the United States have made a
specialty of this group of insects,
and since Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt,
Kirkwood, Mo., has perhaps done
Fig. 11.—Adult Fringed-Wing Apple-Bud Moth, more work in this shag than the
Nothris? maligemmella ; natural size. (Original.) other entomologist, I sent her two
adult moths and asked her to name this species, and if it proved to be
a new one to describe it. She kindly consented to do so, and as it
112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
proved to be a new species her description of the adult is as
follows :
‘‘Alar expanse 14 to 15 mm, General colour, satiny brownish- buff
with slight opalescence, and more or less leaden shading on thorax, wings
and body. Head buff, densely and somewhat shaggily scaled. Eyes
prominent, purple-black. Antennz two-thirds as long as wings; basal
joint conspicuously long and stout ; second joint also long with the inner
side peculiarly excavated. Palpi (labial) long recurved with short almost
concealed basal joint, long slightly thickened second joint and slender
tapering terminal. Thorax broad; patagia rather large, all anteriorly
bordered with leaden gray.
Fore wings varying in colour
from almost clear buff to buff
so interspersed with the
darker scales as to produce a
‘smudged’ effect ; a small but
distinct black discal dot and
a group of five smaller, less
clearly defined ones at the
base of the terminal third,
constitute the ornamentation.
Hind wings rather broad,
somewhat paler and more
lustrous than the primaries.
Fringes concolorous with :
bs Fig. 12,—Adult Fringed-Wing Apple-Bud Moth, Nothris?
wing surface, also varying inalicsqnnelles ehlanged— X 3 Diam. (Original.)
in intensity of the dark shadings. Body, yellowish gray with bright
buff anal tuft. Legs agreeing in colour with under surface, tibia
especially of hinder pair, densely clothed with long but appressed
hairs.
_“ Described from two males, one perfect, the other somewhat
mutilated.
“The generic location of this insect is provisional, merely. In
pterogastic and palpal characters it agrees quite closely with some of the
Gelechiide, but even from these the venation presents some differences,
while the structure of the antennz renders the erection of a new genus
probable, when a more liberal supply of specimens admits of closer
microscopic study of the separate organs.”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, N. Y.
PALEACRITA LONGICILIATA, 0. sp.
Expands 26 mm. Palpi dark fuscous; front very broad, dark
fuscous, slightly tufted ; antenne fuscous gray, subpectinate, the fascicles
of hairs fine, silky, very long, some six to ten times diameter of stem ;
thorax dark fuscous gray ; abdomen dark fuscous. Fore wings, costa
strongly arched, apex quite pointed, inner angle rounded, whole wing
narrow and lanceolate ; colour light fuscous, generally washed over with
dark fuscous, with numerous black atoms, especially on the veins,
making them linearly blackish ; also apically and in small indistinct
shadings across the wing light gray, also light gray shading at ends of
veins at margin; marginal points intervenular, blackish ; fringe long ;
fuscous gray, and light gray ; hind wings even fuscous, veins darker ;
fringe long, dark fuscous. Beneath even fuscous on all wings about
colour of hind wings above, veins darker, the fore wings with a sprinkling
of dark fuscous atoms.
Palo Alto, Cal.; from Dr. Barnes.
P. SPECIOSA, Nn. sp.
Expands 32 mm. Palpi black, front thorax and abdomen dark
fuscous, the thorax with some black scales intermixed, the abdomen a
shade lighter fuscous. Fore wings whitish-gray, with five somewhat
diffuse cross lines made up of black scales not very solid, the first, sub-
basal, bent outward at cell; the second, just within middle, bent at
costal vein, and darkest costally, thence straight across wing ; the third,
just beyond the black discal spot, not very distinct, except at costa,
where it is distinct and black, forming the inner edge of a large suboval
white spot which reaches to apex; the fourth line, broad, diffuse, sub-
dentate, reaching to the apical spot; outer line diffuse, indistinctly
dentate, following the apical spot on outer margin nearly to apex,
becoming there distinct, heavy, black ; between fourth and fifth, and
also fifth and margin, the whitish-gray shows in a dentate or subdentate
band ; margin black, the black broader between veins, fringe fuscous.
Hind wings light fuscous, veins more or less darker. Beneath light,
smooth, fuscous, the lines of fore wing faintly shadowed, especially at costa
and apex ; submarginal space brokenly darker, marginal line blackish.
Glenwood Springs, Colo., May 3; from Dr. Barnes.
igh THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
EUDULE HYALINA, N. Sp.
This insect is of the size and shape of &. unicolor, Robs., from
Texas, but, instead of being of its colour, is of the light straw colour of
E. mendica. W\k. It is apparently more hyaline than its congeners, and
is very frail in its appearance. The wings are evenly unicolorous.
Senator, Ariz; from Dr. Kunze. ‘Taken September gth, 1896.
TEPHROCLYSTIS BOREALIS, . Sp.
Expands 16 mm. Palpi fuscous, slightly ochreous; front thorax
and abdomen smooth silky fuscous, with a bluish tint. Fore wings
fuscous, with cross lines fine, faint, the basal rounded, wavy, geminate,
the middle wavy; the outer heaviest towards and at costa, starting
straight out at costa to vein 8 just beyond cell, following it towards base
the distance of the angle from costa, then turning at an angle, almost
a right angle, through discal spot straight, or nearly so, to inner margin.
_ Hind wings fuscous, even, with wavy lines very faintly showing. Beneath
fuscous, darker at costa on fore wings, and with hind wings darkened
and lightened into 6 or 7 rounded parallel shadings.
Winnipeg, Manitoba; from Mr. Hanham.
TEPHROCLYSTIS LATIPENNIS, nN. Sp.
Expands 16-18 mm. Palpi long, porrect, heavily scaled, black
and fuscous mixed; front somewhat tufted, fuscous or blackish gray ;
thorax fuscous. gray ; abdomen fuscous-gray to gray, segments some-
times tinged with brownish. Fore wings broad, gray to fuscous-gray,
overlaid more or less with blackish, forming an extra basal, and marginal
broad darker bands; cross lines light, geminate, wavy ; one basal, the
second within the prominent black discal spots, the outer extradiscal,
the outer considerably bent below cell and often lined with black within ;
a faint submarginal zigzag line, a marginal row of black dashes separated
at end of veins, Hind wings broad, rounded, of same colour as fore
wings, the basal and middle lines slightly indicated, the outer geminate,
quite distinct, bent considerably at middle, wavy, margin darker ; a mar-
ginal black line; discal points black, distinct. Beneath as above, the
fore wings with markings more faint, the hind wings very nearly as above.
Quebec, Canada ; from Mr. Hanham.
TEPHROCLYSTIS SUBCOLORATA, N. Sp.
Expands 20-23 mm. Palpi and head clear blackish ; thorax black-
ish-gray ; abdomen blackish-fuscous. Fore wings gray, overlaid with
blackish ; the wings narrow extended, the lines quite distinct ; basal line
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115
geminate, bent, wavy ; median lines three, bent at discal spot, the middle
one running through this, then bent outward at lower side of celi, curv-
ing thence around to inner margin; outer line quite broad, of the ground
colour, with a fine central black line, and edged on both sides with
blackish, bent around from costa to vein 6, then parallel with outer
margin ; discal spots large, oval, jet black. Hind wings with much less
black, with two outer rounded blackish lines, and black discal spots ;
beneath gray, fore wings with a distinct, rounded, black, outer, rather
broad line, black discal spot, blackish apex and outer margin, a blackish
dot along costa near discal spot, and a blackish submarginal line ; hind
wings with outer line distinct, black, a submarginal fine line, black
margin, and black discal spot. The markings below vary in distinctness,
but are generally sharp and clear.
Arizona, without other location; also from San Francisco moun-
tains. From Dr. Kunze. The latter taken July 2oth, 1897.
TEPHROCLYSTIS NIVEIFASCIA, N. sp.
Expands 18 mm. Palpi rather long, somewhat heavy, blackish ;
front tufted, blackish ; summit fuscous, or whitish fuscous ; thorax fuscous
gray ; abdomen fuscous, with whitish markings dorsally on each segment;
fore wings white, with black or blackish-fuscous running into wavy cross
lines, mostly indeterminate and more emphasized on veins, these lighter,
finer and more distinct just beyond discal spot forming a light shading
in a broad white or whitish band, bent out beyond cell, and somewhat
angulate below costa; outer field blackish, with fine, wavy, indistinct,
whitish line. Hind wings whitish, with fuscous or black shadings, deeper
and suggesting wavy lines outwardly and along inner margin; discal
spots on fore wings prominent, jet black, on hind wings black but less
prominent ; beneath lighter, smoother, the general colours above repro-
duced with less fuscous shading among the black ; discal spots black,
distinct.
Santa Fe, N. Mex.; from Mr. Cockerell. Oregon. The latter type
in National Museum collection; this being more fuscous in its shadings.
Museum type No. 3920.
TEPHROCLYSTIS ACUTIPENNIS, 0. sp.
Expands 26 mm. Palpi short, fuscous; front light fuscous gray ;
collar black; thorax fuscous, with a reddish shade; abdomen light
fuscous, gray dorsally, with fine black cross line at base, and a white
cross line on second segment; fore wings long, acute, fuscous, with
116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
darker fuscous shadings running into lines, more distinct on outer half
and running subparallel with outer margin, slightly wavy, merging
together towards apex and reaching outer margin below apex, the inner
one separating, and going to costa with a sharp angle at veins 7 and 8;
discal vein lighter, preceded from base half way out with a line of black
spots ; a line of black spots on subdiscal, on outer cell ; and beyond cell
below vein 9, these latter becoming merged into a black line ; a darker
shading at middle of inner margin, and near dorsal angle ; the whole
wing with a faint brownish shading ; discal spots black. Hind wings
whitish, fuscous stained, marked with blackish on inner margin ; marginal
line black ; discal spots black; beneath lighter fuscous, smooth, quite
even ; on fore wings a blackish outer line, angulate below costa, very
indistinct, and a corresponding median line on hind wings ; discal] spots
evident, black.
Los Angeles Co., Calif. Type in National Museum collection,
No. 3954.
‘TEPHROCLYSTIS PERFUSCA, N. Sp.
Expands 23-26 mm. Palpi moderate, porrect, end deflexed, fuscous,
black on end ; front fuscous, summit lighter ; thorax fuscous ; abdomen
blackish-fuscous ; all wings broad, rounded, of an even fuscous colour,
squamose in appearance, faintly shaded into indeterminate wavy lines,
with scattered blackish atoms, more prominent on costal space ; discal
spots faint ; marginal lines blackish; beneath smoother fuscous, with
blackish shade at apex of fore wings, and two rows of faint blackish
points on hind wings ; discal spots faint, marginal lines darker, broken
on fore wings.
Easton, Washington ; from Dr. Riley. Utah; taken in June. The
latter type in National Museum collection, No. 3919.
EUCYMATOGE GILLETTEI, N. sp.
Expands 30 mm. Palpi moderate, stout, black ; front tufted, black;
thorax gray ; abdomen fuscous gray. Fore wings slate gray with a
fuscous tinge, thickly peppered with black scales; basal line black, fine,
not distinct, bent at middle; outer line subparallel with outer margin,
scalloped, the points on the veins pointing inward; all veins brokenly
lined with black ; a black marginal line; discal spot black, not very
distinct ; hind wings gray ; darker outwardly, four or five parallel black-
ish lines showing along inner margin half way across the wing ; margin
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 17
. somewhat wavy, with a fine black line ; discal spot small, black. Be-
neath light fuscous ; outer line showing faintly on fore wings, and a faint
rather broad line at middle of hind wings.
Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.
MESOLEUCA ABACTA, DN. sp.
Expands 34-36 mm. Palpi not heavy, moderately long, erect, almost
recurved, blackish; front thorax and abdomen fuscous, more or less
stained with ochre ; abdomen tufted at end; fore wings broad, light gray,
more or less striated crosswise with blackish ; basal line fine, distinct,
some angled at middle, sharply black ; one-third out another black line,
turned outward from costa, sharply angled on cell, thence running broadly
and heavily nearly straight to inner margin; this is followed by a finer,
aimost parallel line, which is somewhat broken on posterior half, a faint,
much broken black line just beyond discal spot, and beyond that a quite
heavy black line angled outward between 3 and 4, broken posteriorly ; a
clear black rounded spot costally at apex; marginal line black ; discal
spots prominent, black, well out on wing. Hind wings fuscous, lighter
basally, becoming darker and with faint shadowy darker lines towards
outer margin and parallel with it; beneath fuscous, much the colour of hind
wings above, the fore wings becoming darker along costa and towards apex.
Arizona; one of the types is in National Museum, No. 3924.
HyYpDRIOMENA PERNOTATA, NR. SD.
Expands 34 mm. Palpi rather short, sordid fuscous ; front of same
colour ; thorax fuscous gray, with black edging to patagie ; thorax dark
fuscous, black dorsally, lighter fuscous posteriorly on segments; fore
wings rather long, grayish fuscous, broken up with irregular black spots ;
these on the basal half very irregular, so that the lines of which they are
the evidences are entirely indeterminate ; a whitish fuscous band beyond
discal spot, edged outwardly with a geminate broken, dentate, wavy, and
angled black line running in general direction, parallel with outer margin ;
a submarginal incomplete row of black dashes, the space having a bluish |
stain. Hind wings light fuscous with an ochre reddish stain outwardly,
marginal line black, finely broken on all wings; beneath rather deep
broken fuscous, becoming a large blackish spot towards apex ; hind wings
as above, but much darker ; the fore wings are also considerably ochre
stained.
Fort Wrangel, Alaska.
118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
HYDRIOMENA OCCIDENS, N. sp.
Expands 30 mm. Palpi short, fuscous; front gray; thorax light
gray, intermixed with black, becoming white at middle above, and with
black edge behind; abdomen gray, mixed with black, segments white
lined posteriorly ; fore wings white with shadings of fuscous generally
evenly distributed, emphasized somewhat on veins, forming wavy, very
indefinite lines, and giving a general mottled appearance. The veins are
marked with fine clear black, broken into dashes of even or nearly even
lengths, these showing very sharply on posterior and outer portions ;
marginal line black broken ; costa more broken in colour than rest of
wing ; a rounded broken black line close to base ; hind wings white with
fuscous tinge; discal spots fine, black ; margin black, broken; beneath
light fuscous, broken into shadings. On fore wings an outer broken band
of blackish spots, and one or two spots indicating another on hind
wings.
Oregon. Type in National Museum, No. 3922. Another specimen
in my own collection.
HyDRIOMENA GRANDIOSA, DN. sp.
Expands 36 mm. Palpi moderate, blackish fuscous ; front fuscous ;
thorax fuscous gray, marked with reddish on anterior part and on posterior
tufting ; abdomen light gray in front, more blackish posteriorly, segments
whitish lined, with more or less of reddish dorsally ; fore wings strongly
pointed at apex, with posterior angle stronger than usual, marked with
dentate wavy even bands, subparallel to each other and outer margin ; the
middle rather broader, inclosing discal spot, whitish, those on either side
of it darker than the rest of wing; three more basally, the middle one
somewhat darker than the two others; the whole wing with more or less
of reddish, more especially evident on outer dark band and outer space ;
a submarginal row of black points on veins ; marginal line black, broken
somewhat, wavy ; fringe interlined; hind wings whitish, fuscous stained
two faint median lines, outer shadings and black wavy marginal line ;
beneath even fuscous, two lines showing on all wings beyond black discal
points, on hind wing the outer emphasized with black points on veins.
Fort Yuma, Ariz., April 4th. Belonging near A. neo-mexicana,
Hulst. Type in National Museum at Washington, D. C., No. 3927.
Another specimen taken at light in April is smaller, somewhat darker,
and without reddish on fore wings.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119
ERSEPHILA INDISTINCTA, N. Sp.
Expands 35-40 mim. Some time since, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., Vol.
XXIII., p. 291, I described Zrsephila grandipennis. Iam convinced I
have two species under that name, and now separate them, calling one of
the forms £. indistincta. 'The two species approach each other very
closely, but Z. zadistincta is smaller as a rule, and has the darker colour
of the wings forming into two bands, one basal and the other beyond the
cell, both quite even in width. Z. grandipennis is much more diffuse, the
bands not shown, the cross lines more angulated, and the lines themselves
more distinctly outlined. £. inzdistincta has the antennz of the ¢ more
distinctly bipectinate than Z. grandipennts, and the wings are generally
somewhat tinged with browish.
The specimens of &. zzdistincta are from Colorado and Washington ;
those of #. grandipennis from Colorado only.
XANTHORHOE GLACIALIS, N. sp.
Expands 34-36 mm. Very much resembling X. nxemore//a, Hulst,
and quite possibly a variation of that northern species. The ground
colour of the fore wings is, however, ochreous stained with fuscous, the
cross band is broader, especially at inner margin, and the outer edge, with
a large angle strongly projected outward at space between veins 4 and 5,
and there is a submarginal row of fuscous spots somewhat triangular in
shape, and intervenular in position. ‘There is a faintly showing broad
central band on hind wings. Below dull ochreous, with the lines border-
ing bands showing distinctly on all wings.
Alaska. The Museum type number is 3925.
XANTHORHOE LONGULA, DN. sp.
Expands 34-36 mm. Close to X. g/acta/is, Hulst. Fore wings
pointed, even light ochre, or buff ochre with the colour deepening into a
faint broad central band with faint ochre shadings and fine lighter cross
lines, the band reaching out more prominently between 3 and 4, and
between 4 and 5 ; the apex and margin somewhat fuscous stained, and a
blackish marginal line. Hind wings fuscous ochre, or becoming bright
ochre outwardly. Beneath almost even, light fuscous ochre varying to
more or less ochre.
“ Berring Island.” My specimens are females, but the relationship
seems to be so close to X. g/acia/is, Hulst, that I have little doubt as to
generic oneness. I would not be at all surprised if they were ascertained
finally to be variations of one species. The Museum type number 30926.
120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
MONOTAXIS, n. gen.
Palpi moderate, porrect, end member very small; tongue strong ;
front scaled, quadrate, slightly protuberant; thorax and abdomen untufted;
fore tibize unarmed ; hind tibiz with two pairs of spurs, not swollen, with-
out hair pencil in ¢; antenne unipectinate in ¢, pectinations long, end
simple, in 2 unidentate ; fore wings even, rounded, without fovea in ¢
below, 2 accessory cells, 12 veins, 3 and 4 widely separate, 5 near middle
of cell, 6 at a point with 7 at end of cell; hind wings 8 veins, without
fovea, vein 5 near middle of cell, 6 and 7 stemmed, 8 joined with cell
nearly its whole length.
So far as I know the first American Geometer with unipectinate
antenne, though these are found in the Australian regions. But there the
form with 8 joining the cell in hind wings is extremely rare. I do not
consider it in anywise but as one of the Hydriomenida, though it may be
placed in a subfamily by itself.
MONOTAXIS SEMIPECTINATA, N. Sp.
Expands 35-40 mm. _ Palpiand front dull black ; thorax dark mouse
colour ; abdomen lighter ; fore wings of a quite even dark fuscous, with
a mouse colour tinge, this deepening into a rather broad median band,
faintly indicating parallel wavy lines ; beyond this, first a white and then
four dark lines are indicated by fine dots of these colours on veins; an
outer faint whitish line, mostly evident between veins, wavy ; marginal
line broken, blackish ; discal spots faint ; hind wings even mouse colour
fuscous, deepening outwardly. In the ? all the colours are the same,
but lighter fuscous, and without the mouse colour shading, but the single
specimen has an appearance as if faded. Beneath even mouse colour
fuscous, blackish on basal half along costa on fore wings, with some ochre
tinging near apex; 2 lighter. ‘The whole insect has much the markings
of Philereme californiata, Pack., and much the colour of that species
with the mouse colour shading added.
Fort Grant, Ariz., July 23. In National Museum, No. 3928. The
female in my own collection from Arizona without definite locality, but
probably from either Prescott or Phoenix.
MYCTEROPHORA SLOSSONIA, Nn. Sp.
Expands 24 mm. Palpi black and fuscous mixed, nearly black
towards end ; front black tufted ; thorax fuscous ochre, mixed with black
in front, blackish behind; abdomen blackish, interlined with fuscous ;
fore wings fuscous gray to fuscous, with a slight ochre tinge more or less
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lat
heavily overlaid with black; the ground colour shows in a broad costal
band, reaching nearly to apex, and extending posteriorly to cell; the
extreme edge of costa being checkered with blackish ; the whole space of
the wing covered with blackish has the fuscous ground colour showing
more or less distinctly in numerous scalloped parallel lines, a basal, extra
discal, and outer being more especially distinct; a scalloped marginal line,
black ; hind wings corresponding in colours and lines with fore wings, the
discal line forming a row of dentate black lunules; beneath in general
appearance as above, the lines less distinct or obsolete, the blackish
emphasized in a middle and outer rather broad band.
White Mountains, N. H.; from Mrs. Slosson. Winnipeg, Man.; from
Mr. Hanham. The insect has superficially the appearance of a small
Homoptera.
SYNELYS NIGROCANDIDA, n. sp.
Expands 25 mm. _ Palpi and front black ; summit pure white ; collar
narrowly blackish; antennz white, somewhat blackish stained above,
especially towards end; thorax pure white; abdomen white, faintly
stained with blackish. Wings pure snow white; fore wings with black
specks at cell and at inner margin, suggesting a basal line ; outer line well
out, fine, jet black, much waved and angled, obsolete at costa ; beyond
this on posterior half, jet black scales forming four incomplete black spots;
hind wings without basal line; outer line corresponding to line on fore
wings with corresponding submarginal black scales and dots ; discal spots
distinct, jet black on all wings ; margin with jet black intervenular points ;
hind wings with black scales along inner margin. Front wings rounded ;
hind wings slightly wavy, scarcely angled. Beneath dull white; a row of
black points on veins in place of outer lines, these more faint on hind
wings ; discal joints and margin as above, not so distinct on hind wings.
Ormond, Florida; from Mrs. Slosson. s/njsietavec 2 = 2's
Metathorax not fissured.
Vertex tuberculate ; antennze inserted below the clypeus and eyes ;
front wings with two submarginal cells; abdomen cylindrical or
depressed ; ovipositor not exserted........ Family I., Orysside.
2, Middle lobe of mesonotum attaining the scutellum and separated from
it by a transverse line ; abdomen cylindrical or depressed.
Prothorax large, subquadrate; costal ceil of front wings not
divided by a transverse nervure; tip of abdomen ending ina
triangular or lanceolate process..........., Family IL, Siricide.
Prothorax conical ; costal cell of front wings divided by a trans-
verse nervure ; abdomen at tip normal... Family III., Xiphydriide.
Middle lobe of mesonotum not attaining the scutellum; abdomen more
@r less Commpressedee oc): . s,s. een coms «e HAY PVE” Cepmide:
Series I]. —PHYLLOPHAGA.
This series I have separated into eleven distinct families, distin-
guished as follows :
Prothorax emarginate behind; middle lobe of mesonotum much
longer than broad, not separated from the scutellum by a deep
fovea ; costal vein usually strongly thickened or clavate towards
apex ; costal cell without an intercostal vein. ag Meee 2cade ORS OLY Ale eT Rte tas
First transverse naMiede not atieinaliie from the basal nervure, but from
the cubitus ; hind wings without a complete anal cell; hind tibiz
without or with only one apical spur...... Subfamily II., Tremecine,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179
Subfamily I.—S1RICIN«.
Table of Genera.
Third joint of antenn usually a little shorter than the fourth or not
longer; process of the last dorsal abdominal segment long,
widened before apex; head more or less marked with yellow or
Weiter tee ee : erebiers . .'s . Strex, Linné.
Third joint at antennze iaier ae the fourth: process iat the last dorsal
abdominal segment shorter, triangular, id equally thickened to
apex ; head wholly black or blue-black.........Paururus, Konow.
Paururus, Konow.
To this ‘genus belong Urocerus Abbottii, Kirby ; U. apicalis, Kirby ;
U. cyaneus, Fabr.; U. Edwardsii, Br.; U. gracilis, Westw.; U. hirsutus,
Kirby ; U. nigricornis, Fabr.; and U. zonatus, Nort,
The following is new :
Paururus pinicolus, n. sp.— 9. Length to tip of process, 18-19
mm.; to tip of ovipositor, 23-24 mm. Head, thorax and dorsal abdom-
inal segments 1-4, or at least more or less of the fourth, especially at the
sides, all ventral segments, sheaths of the ovipositor, and the legs, blue-
black ; rest of abdomen red. Process triangular, serrated at sides, its
tip and beneath blackish. Wings dark fuliginous ; the costal vein to
stigma and the stigma within, ferruginous ; rest of veins black or piceous.
Antenne rg-jointed, black, a little longer than the head and thorax united.
The head and thorax are closely punctate, opaque and well clothed with
black pile.
Hab.—Jacksonville, Fla.; Washington, D. C.; and Morgantown,
W. Va.
The specimens from West Virginia were sent me by Prof. A. D.
Hopkins, who informed me he took them boring in pine ( Pinus, sp.).
The others were captured by myself in November and December, several
years ago.
Subfamily I1.—TREMECIN#.
Table of Genera.
Front: wihss: with foue Swbmarginal cellsaceise feo. hice eke ate des Ze
Front wings with three submarginal cells.
Antenne filiform, multiarticulate, the third joint longer than the
fourth ; tarsi slender, cylindrical, the basal joint of hind tarsi
SOG Ra tHeIe 01 DIS .,..... cen oata ae wae ee cents, Costa,
180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Antenne short, filiform, 5- or 6-jointed, the third joint shorter than
the fourth ; basal joint of hind tarsi longer than their tibize,much
flattened and produced He Sah, at apex beyond the second
joint seis. aunties hres . Teredon, Norton.
2. Antenne short and Bela Muickened or case ait Ghipker before apex,
the third joint usually a little shorter than the fourth, or at least no
longerschind tarsi dilated am if sy. .(..,:.-. 4. 20 4a), aL remex, URS,
Xeris, Costa.
To this genus belong Urocerus caudatus, Cr., and U. Morrisont, Cr.
FamiLy II].—XIpHypRIID&.
Most European and American writers have placed these insects with
the Siricide, but their Zadctus is quite different, and the characters used
in my table readily distinguish them from the true horntails.
The Swedish entomologist, C. G. Thomson, in 1871, first separated
them from the S/ricid@ as a distinct tribe, and in this he has been followed
by Cameron and Konow.
I have recognized two subfamilies separated as follows :
Table of Subfamilies.
Front wings with one submarginal cell........ Subfamily I., Derecyrtinz.
Front wings with two submarginal cells......Subfamily II., Xiphydriine.
Subfamily I.—DERECYRTIN&.
This group is represented by a single genus, known at present to
occur only in Central and South America.
Front wings witn four submarginal cells.........Derecyrta, Smith.
Subfamily Il.—X1PHYDRIINA.
Three distinct genera are now recognized in this group, all being
found in our fauna. They may be separated as follows :
Table of Genera.
Front wings with three-submarginal-cellss a 03.). 0: cleo fe cane 2:
Front wings with four submarginal cells.
Lanceolate cell contracted beyond the base and
closed. Le eenhe tae .. Brachyxiphus, Philippi.
anceolate cali sineaeraneert but cai open...Xiphydria, Latreille.
2. Lanceolate cell contracted and uniting neyo the
PSESEMycce ico v'v he love, woods ed coats SA ks ak ae ae OE ee ea re lae
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181
FamiLty IV.—CEPHID&.
This group was first treated as a distinct family by that master
systematist, A. H. Haliday, as early as 1839.
Dr. Von Dalle Torre has credited the group to Westwood, evidently
without having observed that Westwood, in his Introduction, merely
accepted the views of Haliday, treating the group, however, as a sub-
family instead of a family.
The genera have been recently tabulated by Konow as follows :
Table of Genera.
First joint of flagellum not or scarcely longer than the second, the
flagellum towards tip more or less clavate. sae We!
First joint of flagellum distinctly longer than the Becend, the ‘eee itn
towards tip not thicker than at base.
Hind wings with a complete cubital cel! ; hind tibiz with one or
two spurs before tip....... : Re tone a at ya MBs
Hind wings without a eee cube ae fina tibie without
spurs before tip ; last ventral abdominal Séginient in ¢ without
amvemareimation.. ......... ) Ciena ae ea Konow.
2. Antenne thickened at the vhidldte. ans eearh ora pateta 2 this Sze
Antenne filiform, uniformly thickente or with ae 3-5. slightly
GOMPLESseO «cts 16.4 eae
3. Abdomen short and nee, at wis most Aes half Ge lenath Ay the
thorax ; antenne shorter than the head and thorax united, distinctly
thickened before tip; last ventral segment in ¢ ending in a short
thickened knob, produced upwards into a distinct process, the
penultimate ventral segment normal...........Pachycephus, Stein.
Abdomen long, fully twice as long as the thorax ; antenne longer than
the head and thorax united, feebly thickened at the middle ; last
ventral segment in ¢ emarginate at apex, the penultimate with a trans-
verse impression, clothed with erect black bristles... Syrzsta, Konow.
4. Hind tibiz with a single spur before the tip; antennz with joints
3 and 4, and sometimes 5, compressed, the following to apex, of
nearly an equal thickness.................Macrocephus, Schlecht.
Hind tibiz with two spurs before the tip ; antenne rather slender,
filiform. . one . Janus, Stephens.
5. Pronotum cjnaidveates fenser ahaw wide with the head thickly punctured,
flat, scarcely emarginate behind ; antenne long, very feebly thickened
toward apex; hind tibize usually with only one spur before the
BU akc Ste theL eI Ne. woek 2 n+ «10.2 n'a, Ee CER AMEREE. KORO W.
182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Pronotum transverse.
Hind tibize with:two. spurs before thettup;s. Asia dee yoeooe See FOS
Hind tibiz without or with only one spur before the tip.......8.
6. Sheaths of ovipositor, seen from above, narrow, pointed, or of an equal
breadth to tips; penultimate ventral segment in f without, or at the
most with a small brush-like apparatus ...... pe patenipeme
Sheaths of ovipositor, seen from above, bréadened: eis tips ; two
penultimate ventral segments in ¢ with brush-like
EIStlesis s).7d gee ae avon § ci pe aRe ey tel eiel day Se eee Peas ae ee
(?= Eversmannella, Jukowlew.)
7. Sheaths of ovipositor of an equal breadth or pointed at apex; ¢
with the two penultimate ventral segments convex without
fevers: i. °F vias : HARES ..Cephus, Latreille.
Sheaths of svinecictn broudenkay toward apex ; ae a the two penul-
timate ventral segments swollen before the hind margin, with fovee
filled with stiff bristles. ag 1 wait whch Draehetae) Watreile:
8. Hind tibie with one spur ees ie tip ; ventral segments of ¢
normal, without special characters...........MZonoplopus, Konow.
Hind tibize without a spur before the tip ; three penultimate ventral seg-
ments in ¢ clothed with stiff brush-like bristles..Ateuchopus, Konow.
Cephus, Latreille.
Cephus Graenicheri, n. sp. —@. Length, 11 mm. Black, shining ;
antenne 20-jointed, very slightly but gradually thickened toward apex ;
clypeus, except a median black spot anteriorly, a line beneath the eyes,
mandibles except teeth, palpi except the terminal joints, which are
dusky, a spot on front of tegule, two spots beneath on the upper angles
of episternum and mesopleura respectively, spots on the anterior and
middle cox, and the hind coxe, except a black spot within, yellow ; rest
of legs, except all the trochanters, tips of the joints of the anterior and
middle tarsi with their terminal joint entirely, apex of hind tibiz and
their tarsi, which are black or fuscous, reddish-yellow. Wings smoky
hyaline, the costa and the stigma yellowish, the latter with a longitudinal
dusky streak within ; rest of veins black or blackish, Abdomen longer
than the head and thorax united, compressed, black, with bands and
blotches polished, shining, impunctured, except some sparse, rather coarse
punctures on the first dorsal segment above, and some closer punctures
laterally at base of the second segment ; the second segment has an
obscure rufous spot on each side at base; the third has a narrow
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183
yellowish band at base, shading into rufous at apex; the fourth has a
yellowish blotch laterally towards the ventral surface ; the fifth is nar-
rowly yellowish at base, but laterally broadening to the venter, so that at
the sides near the venter, except an irregular triangular black mark which
encloses the spiracles, it appears almost entirely yellow ; the dorsal or
apical part of the segment is rufous ; the sixth has two small yellowish
marks above, but below or at the sides from the spiracles it is yellow ; the
seventh, except a spot at sides close to the venter, is black ; the eighth is
mostly black, with a large yellow spot at the reflexed apex, and a yellow
spot on the margin just below it; venter black, except the terminal
segment laterally at apex and the margins of the hypopygium, which are
yellow ; hind tibize with two spurs before apex.
Hab.— Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Described from a single @ specimen taken by Dr. Sigmand
Graenicher, and in honour of whom the species is named.
THe DESCRIBED SPECIES .OP XII DIUM IN. THE
UNTITLED STATES -ANDetere NADA:
BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
The following table, made as simple as possible, and based almost
exclusively upon the female sex, will serve to distinguish the species of
Xiphidium hitherto described or recorded from the United States and
Canada. It includes only the species of Xiphidium proper; 2 e., those
of slender form with straight or nearly straight ovipositor, excluding the
stouter species with distinctly arcuate ovipositor, commonly referred to
Orchelimum, though both are classed together by Redtenbacher.
TABLE OF THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF XIPHIDIUM.
7
a’ Under side of hind femora armed with several spines ; ovipositor longer
than hind femora. ah «sg ole tellassly eel al OSES ER UI SCHUGET:
a’ Under side of hind eet sith at most a single spine.
b* Ovipositor at least half as long again as hind femora.
c’ Tegmina much longer than body.......attenuatum Scudder.
c’ Tegmina no longer than body.
d@' Tegmina nearly or quite covering the
abdomen...... ete Aid J ehes oemewers. MeNeill.
a aieiiina Mion! longer than the pro-
SUGEEST yas sd sy « Rake SO RSE Reee ee SCUCEr:
184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
6° Ovipositor at most but little longer than the hind femora.
c’ Ovipositor as long as or longer than the hind femora,
d@' Tegmina covering or almost covering the
DIGGER .... foie dalle: laine de eT pear marie:
@* Tegmina hardly or not longer than the
Brenotum. . iV hese Reka oceans Scudder:
¢ Ovipositor distinctly shorter than the hind femora.
ad’ Tegmina much longer than the body, and wings still
HONG! 0 ak eich, tw se a aiede eee aes RCIA AL Cees
ad’ Tegmina not reaching tip of abdomen, and wings still
shorter.
e’ Ovipositor nearly or quite straight, and fully three-
fourths as long as hind femora.
Jf Larger ; hind femora nearly or quite 16 mm.
long. Ovipositor attenuate at tip as much by
the curve of the upper as of the under
COLES vianais seretebe Mies s « nce once othe UOSSYIDER NIC M CCL Es
f° Smaller; hind femora hardly or not exceed-
ing 13 mm. in length. Ovipositor attenuate
at tip by the curve of the under edge
ONLY. ). 4 2 oak = slseieie. ous OF EVEDCN Be, SeUGGeL:
é Ovipositor distinctly though feebly arcuate, and
less than three-fourths as ne as the hind
femora. . cad eerecas's .nemorale Scudder.
It may be added that X. modestum Bruner (March, 1891), and X.
taentatum Redtenbacher (July, 1891), are synonyms of X. sadtans
Scudder (1872); and X. curtipenne Redtenbacher (1891), the same as
X. nemorale Scudder (1875).
PHILANTHUS HENRICUS—(P. 153).
This species should be credited to Mr. Dunning alone; I neither
described nor named it. I did send Mr. Dunning a few Philanthide, with
MS. names and descriptive notes, and these, in the event of publication,
should be credited jointly ; but P. fenuricus is not my species in any
sense. The type specimen, I should add, was collected by Professor
Townsend. T. D. A. COCKERELL.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185
SOME NEW SPIDERS.
BY NATHAN BANKS, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Pectlochroa minuta, n. sp.
Length ¢, 4 mm.; ceph., 1.7 mm. long, 1.1 broad, patella plus tibia
IV., 1.6 mm. Cephalothorax uniform reddish yellow, legs and palpi a
trifle paler, except metatarsi IV. which are reddish brown ; sternum
yellowish ; abdomen black, with short white hairs and some longer black
ones at base ; venter with a pale streak each side ; spinnerets red-brown.
Head narrow ; posterior eye row slightly recurved, longer than anterior
row, the P. M. E. round, their diameter apart and as near the P. S. E. as
to each other, equal in size; eyes of anterior row subequal, all close
together. No plate under fang of mandibles. Legs quite hairy, but the
scopulas not dense ; femora with three or four very large spines above,
each spine longer than the posterior eye row ; no spine above on tibia
IV., one below at tip of tibia I. Sternum narrow, nearly twice as long as
wide. Abdomen slender, no wider than cephalothorax, spinnerets
large, an interrupted ventral fold near their base. The tibia of the male
palpus has on the outer tip a large, stout, slightly curved projection one-
half the length of the tarsus and blunt pointed at tip ; the palpal organ is
swollen near middle, the style is short.
One male ; Brazos Co., Texas.
Cybaodes (?) incerta, n. sp.
Length 2, 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax brownish yellow, darkest in
front and black around each eye; mandibles rather darker than cephalo-
thorax; legs and sternum pale yellowish, abdomen pale gray, thickly clothed
with rather long white hairs and longer black bristles, mostly at base.
Cephalothorax once and a half longer than wide, broad and low in front.
Eyes in two rows close to each other, hind row about straight, longer
than the anterior row ; the posterior eyes larger than the anterior eyes ;
P. M. E. closer to equal P. S. E. than to each other; A. M. E. about as
close to each other as A. S. E., dark coloured. Clypeus narrow ; mandi-
bles large, porrect, slightly divergent, front margin with three teeth, hind
margin with two smaller teeth, fang long and stout; maxille twice as
long as broad, rounded at tip, scarcely inclined, plainly obliquely im-
pressed ; lip longer than broad, rounded at tip. Sternum longer than
broad, truncate in front, sides rounded ; legs rather large, of moderate
length ; all femora shorter than the cephalothorax, clothed with hairs and
spines, tibia I. with one spine near base, two towards tip; metatarsus I.
186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISi.
with two near base, two near middle, and one at tip; tibia II. with one
at base and one towards middle, three under metatarsus II.; tibiz III.
and IV. with (under) two very long ones at base, two long ones at
middle, and two much shorter at tip; above with several ; metatarsi with
many long and stout spines ; three claws, the pair with teeth below.
Abdomen once and a half longer than broad ; spinnerets are before the
tip, two-jointed, lower pair the longest, at base between them is a hump,
and at base of this is a transverse furrow; the epigynum shows a short,
spoon-shaped septum, leaving each side a curved reddish mark.
From debris on salt crust; Salton, Calif.; March, 1897. (H. G.
Hubbard.) I am uncertain of its position, but think it very near
Cybaodes.
Theridium cinctipes, n. sp.
Length ¢, 1.3 mm.; femur I., 1.1 mm. long. Cephalothorax yellow-
brown, margins black, blackish around eyes and extending back to the
dorsal groove ; abdomen mottled with black and white, two pairs of small
basal white spots, behind these a white stripe with serrate sides gradually
narrowing to the spinnerets ; sides with three or four white spots ; venter
black, with two prominent silvery spots ; sternum blackish ; legs white,
with black bands at ends of joints and on the middle of tibia I. Abdomen
moderately high, one and a half times as long as broad ; leg I. very long,
femur I. more than twice as long as femur III., tibia I. much longer than
the cephalothorax. The male palpal organ is short and compact. There
is a transverse mark across its base which has an upward projection near
its outer end ; a circular dark bulb is nearer the tip on the outer side, and
from it a slender dark tube extends below, across and upward toward
the tip, where it ends in a short, pointed sheath ; near base of the sheath
there arises a larger, curved, pointed process.
Brazos Co., Texas.
Theridium subterraneum, n. sp.
Leneth 2, 3 mm.; tibia I., 1.8 mm. Pale yellowish, legs rather
darker, a dark trifurcate mark on the cephalothcrax ; abdomen gray,
with some blackish transverse patches in two rows on the dorsum.
Cephalothorax highest behind eye-region; P. M. E. slightly farther from
each other than from the P. S. E.; A. M. E. smaller and less than their
diameter apart ; legs quite long, femur I. longer than the cephalothorax,
abdomen sub-globose, longer than broad, and as high as broad, clothed
(as elsewhere) with long hairs. Epigynum shows a triangular area, with
/
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187
a slender point in front, behind is a transverse area pointed in front, and
in front are two dark spots connected to the posterior area by a reddish
line. Taken from graves, Washington, D.C. (Dr. Motter.)
Nesticus cavicola, n. sp.
Length ¢, 1.5 mm. Wholly pale whitish, clothed with long bristly
hairs. Cephalothorax rather short and broad; six eyes, sub-equal in
size, A. M. E. not visible ; posterior row nearly straight, the P. M. E.
farther apart than from the P. S. E.; S. E. touching ; sternum broad,
sides rounded ; legs long, all femora longer than the cephalothorax, hairs
on legs longer than the diameter of the joints; abdomen pointed behind,
one and a half times longer than broad. Femur of male palpus rather
long, palpal organ large, a projection of tibia broadest near tip and bifid,
one branch is cleft; the style is long, curved around tip of bulb, from
the tip of bulb there projects outward a pointed spine, and below is
another projection tipped with a short black hook. From a cave,
Chiricahua Mts. (Wood Canon), Ariz., June, 1897. (H. E. Hubbard.)
Erigone albescens, n. sp.
Length 9, 1.8mm. Cephalothorax, legs, mandibles, and sternum
uniform yellowish, abdomen uniform whitish gray ; eyes on black spots.
Head rather elevated ; posterior eye-row procurved, the P. M. E. about
as far from each other as from the equal P. S. E.; A. M. E. small, and
close together. Mandibles of moderate size, vertical, armed aiong their
lower front margin with several teeth, and behind with a row of denticles,
sternum broad, sides rounded, blunt pointed behind ; legs of moderate
length, with many hairs and a few spines, one above on tibia IV. ;
abdomen oviform, clothed with scattered stiff hairs, which arise from
minute yellowish dots ; epigynum shows two curved dark lines approach-
ing each other from behind, and a darkish spot outwards from their tips.
From the inside of coffins in graves opened during the transfer of a
cemetery, Washington, D.C. (Dr. Motter.)
Philodromus pacificus, n. sp.
Length?, 4.1 mm. Cephalothorax yellowish, darkest on the sides,
which are densely mottled and lineate with red-brown, a white y mark
on the middle with its apex near the dorsal groove, dorsum of abdomen
white, showing two basal pairs of yellowish muscular spots, sides of
abdomen broadly suffused with red-brown from base to tip, venter
whitish ; femora, patelle, and tibia pale reddish brown above, lighter
below, distal joints yellowish. Sternum light yellowish, the body is full,
188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
quite broad and short. Eyes not widely separated, P. M. E. as close to
P. S. E. as to A. S. E., the A. M. E. are not very much nearer the A. S.
E. than to each other. Abdomen twice as long as the cephalothorax.
Femur II. longer than the cephalothorax. The epigynum shows an area
longer than broad, with nearly parallell sides, divided by a rather narrow
septum widened at its tip, the apical part of the sides are dark circular,
and the basal part light and oval. Olympia, Washington. (T. Kincaid.)
NOTES ON COLLECTING AT BLOOM.
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.
At Brandon, Manitoba, in 1896, some very successful collecting
was done on the prairies and open hillsides surrounding the town.
Except in the valley of the Assiniboine River, which is still well wooded,
the country around Brandon is very open—regular prairie country—with,
of course, a good proportion under cultivation, it being one of the good
wheat-growing districts of Manitoba.
However, there is plenty of good collecting ground to be found in
almost any direction, and within a few minutes’ walk. A short account
of collecting at bloom may be of interest to our entomological readers,
especially to those who have never visited ‘the boundless prairies of the
West.” Or there may be some who have had that pleasure, but have
never tried collecting in this way, for lack of opportunity.
In 1896, I was at Brandon from July 9th to August 4th, and in 1897,
from August 5th to 28th.
In 1896, I had my first evening collecting on the 15th; in previous
years I had often collected off flowers towards dusk, and that was my
procedure on this evening. It was on my homeward way that the
inspiration came to me to sweep the clumps of bloom I came to, and
the result astonished me, and led to the practice of collecting in this way
on all available evenings.
It was quite too dark to see things moving on the wing or at rest
on the flowers, and the only way to find out the contents of the net, after
sweeping, was to hold it up against the sky line; even then it was
generally impossible to tell what the catch consisted of, though the moths
in the net could be seen and counted. After sweeping a few heads of
bloom, it was nothing out of the way to find a dozen or more moths in
the net, and it was surprising how little struggling they did either in the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189
net or when bottled. Most of the Noctuids contented themselves with
crawling about the net, and quite a number feigned death; the presence
of a Plusia in the net could almost always be told by the noise it made
in flying.
First bottling the lively ones as they flew up the side of the net, I
would then shake or gather the rest into a corner, and then, putting my
wide-mouthed bottle in, I would run it up the slope of the bottom side of
the net and everything would tumble or be scooped into it. Of course,
during the whole process the net had to be held up against the sky, and
I managed to keep it at the right elevation and steadiness by gripping
the end of the stick between my knees. This allowed me the free use
of both hands for securing the catch.
Even on quite cool evenings—when before dark hardly a thing had
been noticed on the wing—quite a number would still be swept off the
flowers, and they were even more sluggish than usual.
As in ‘‘sugaring;” the number of species taken, outside of the
Noctuide, did not amount to anything.
As the catch of the evening was, to a great extent, an unknown
quantity—as to the species taken, not the numbers—the anticipation of
the ‘‘ output” on arrival home was decidedly pleasurable, and, till the
novelty wore off, rather exciting.
Plusias were not taken in any great abundance by this method ; in
fact, the majority of those captured during my visit were netted before
dark. :
The plants or flowers off which the moths were swept were as follows :
Wild bergamot or horsemint (J/onarda fistulosa, var. mollis).
Scotch thistle (Czzcus undulatus).
Spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsemifolium).
Wild sunflower (Hedianthus rigidus).
Species of golden-rod, of which So/¢dago rigidus appeared the most
attractive.
Of the above, the wild bergamot, while it lasted, was, without doubt,
the most alluring. It seems to grow pretty generally over the prairie,
both in the open and in open bush, especially among clumps of silver-
bush.
Unfortunately, during my second visit very little of it remained in
bloom, but the wild sunflower was everywhere in profusion.
On July 15th I took my first specimen of Plusia insolita, and on
190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the 25th, the second; on July 23rd a Plusia biloba (such a beauty), and
on the 24th I secured Deva purpurigera.
In July, the most abundant Noctuids were: JVoctua fennica,
Carneades flavicollis (a good species) and fessellata, Hadena devastatrix,
and Leucania commoides; and of these flavicollis was easily the most
plentiful, and every evening, after the examination of the contents of the
bottles, it was thrown out by the score.
A few of the best captures in July were: Several species of Rhyn-
chagrotis; Noctua patefacta, normaniana and atricincta; Carneades
pleuritica, basalis, silens and redimicula; Mamestra purpurissata ;
Orthosia Conradi? and Cucullia florea. In August, (Voctua collaris,
Hadena stipata and transfrons, Oncocnemts atrifasciata, Caradrina
extimia, etc. ; and the following predominated then: (Voctua baja, Feltia
subgothica and jaculifera, and Carneades insucsa ; and a large, handsome
pyralid, Zurycreon sticticalis, was very common at flowers at night, as
well as during the day.
Both WVoctua collaris and Hadena transfrons seemed to have a
decided preference for Solidago rigidus.
At Winnipeg there is but little open prairie near the city, or easy of
access, consequently few attempts have been made at this style of
collecting. Mosquitoes, too, are much more in evidence here, and
evening collecting, for this reason, until well on in August, has to be
abandoned.
The Canada thistle (Cwzcus arvensis) is a regular pest in and around
Winnipeg ; when in bloom it is very attractive. I have taken Pluséa ni
and Californica off it (July 30th), and ¢hyatiroides (Aug. 15th), in 1895,
and in 1896 (Aug. roth), Orthosia euroa was very common; by
sweeping after dark I secured this species in abundance, and only kept
a portion of those netted.
On August 11th (1896), I got five specimens of Woctua collaris, all
off Solidago rigidus.
On August 18th and 24th (1896), I captured the same number of
Plusia thyatiroides off a tall wild sunflower (/7/ée/ianthus scabra) growing
in dark wocds near Elm Park. I was “sugaring” on these evenings,
and some of my sugared trees were within a few feet of the flowers, but
these Plusias apparently were not attracted to the sugar in the least.
I have never yet captured a Plusia “ at sugar,” but others, who have
done more “ sugaring” than I have, may have taken them in this way.
THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
(Continued from page 164.)
DIASTICTIS BENIGNA, DN. Sp.
Expands 23 mm. Palpi rather long, heavy, drooping, blue-gray ;
front, thorax and abdomen blue-gray, the latter whitish lined posteriorly
on segments. Fore wings bluish-gray, lightest on middle field, mixed
with some black scales; basal line faint or obsolete, marked by a black
spot on costa; middle line beginning with black spot at costa, then
through black lengthened discal spot, then obsolete ; outer line with
black spot at costa, otherwise obsolete; outer field darker towards
margin, with a large brown submarginal shading between 3 and 5. Hind
wings even, smooth, blue-gray. Beneath dark bluish fuscous on all
wings, becoming blackish along outer margins; costa of fore wings
speckled with black and gray.
Los Angeles Co., Cal. Type in National Museum. An insect very
much in appearance like the Eastern AZacarza minorata, Pack., but the
fore wings are not falcate, the hind wings are not angled, and the palpi
are much longer and heavier. The antenne of D. dbenigna, here
described, are wanting, so the generic reference cannot be certain; but
as there is no hair pencil on hind tibie in ¢, it cannot be either
Sciagraphia or Macaria, as I define them. Type No. 3959.
DIASTICTIS SERICEATA, 0. Sp.
Expands 24-26 mm. Palpi, front and thorax, white; abdomen
white, with fuscous stain, with many intermixed black scales. Fore wings
white, with long light fuscous cross striations, which become many
exceedingly fine, yet sharply distinct, though often broken, cross lines,
giving an appearance of solid colour to the naked eye ; a black, geminate,
straight, basal cross line; another outward, less distinct, also geminate,
nearly straight, with a band of reddish-brown between ; discal spots
black. Hind wings light fuscous, becoming grayish outwardly ; marginal
line of black spots on all wings. Beneath fuscous gray, coarsely striated
with fuscous on hind wings, outer margins darkest. ‘The fore wings have
a smooth, silky appearance, with an apparent broad central band, even
in width across the wing.
Colorado Desert, from Hy. Edwards; Arizona, from Dr. Kunze.
The latter taken from Aug. 29 to Sept. 9, 1896.
192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
JUBARELLA, 0. gen.
Palpi light, small ; front quadrate, somewhat bulging ; antennz of ¢
simple, flattened, very finely ciliate ; thorax light, tufted in front, patagie
long scaled ; abdomen slender, untufted ; wings broad, extended, even,
rounded ; fore wings without fovea below in ¢, 12 veins, to and 11
from cell, anastomosing with 12 and each other ; hind wings, 8 veins, 5
undeveloped. Legs rather long, fore tibie unarmed, hind tibiz with two
pairs of spurs, not swollen, without hair pencil. § unknown, possibly
wingless.
JUBARELLA DANBYI, Nn. Sp.
Expands 48 mm. Palpi and front black: thorax black, tuftings
whitish at ends ; abdomen blackish-gray, interlined ; wings even, blue-
gray, with scattered black scales, these less and so the gray lighter in a
broad sinuous band beyond discal spot; a brownish shading towards
apex and submarginally to inner margin ; discal spot white, with edging
cloud on fore wings, black and prominent on hind wings ; the hind wings
less biackened, and so generally lighter than fore wings ; fore wings with
black dashes on veins 3, 4, 5 and 6 on outer space, hind wings with row
of faint black dots outwardly on veins. Beneath gray-black striated ; fore
wings with black outer line, brownish near apex ; hind wings with outer
row of black spots.
Rossland, Brit. Col.; from Mr. Danby. A rather lightly scaled insect
resembling Conzodes plumigeraria, Hulst.
SPODOPTERA KUNZEI, N. Sp.
Expands 25-28 mm. Palpi and front whitish ochreous ; antennz
fuscous ; all wings whitish, evenly overlaid with light fuscous striations,
without lines; discal spots prominent, white by absence of striations ;
thorax and abdomen white or with a fuscous tint ; beneath a glistening
white, with a fuscous tint, with an ochreous shade along costa and
margins. The abdominal tuftings which mark the genus are prominent,
ochreous, shading to blackish.
Prescott and Senator, Ariz.; frem Dr. Kunzé, in whose honour the
specific name is given.
AETHYCTERA LINEATA, N. Sp.
Expands 35 mm. Front thorax and abdomen gray; fore wings
whitish, with scattered black atoms, these heavier on costa and sub-
discal vein, making these distinctly apparent; the scales darken by
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193.
quantity into blackish lines between veins 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 4 and 5,
the last reaching half the wing to outer margin; the second the heaviest
and black, but shortest ; the first nearly the whole length of the wing, and
lightest. Hind wings white, silky ; all wings thinly scaled, rather long and
narrow. Beneath more smoky, the fore wings with the markings above
fainter.
Glenmore Springs, Colorado ; from Dr. Barnes.
ALCIS MAESTOSA, N. Sp.
Expands 33 mm. Palpi black below, ochre above; front fuscous
gray ; antenne dark fuscous ; thorax fuscous gray, mixed with blackish ;
abdomen fuscous, blackish dorsally, and posteriorly on segments; wings
broad, even fuscous, mixed more or less with black, with many of the
scales loosely raised, and in the light showing as powdered white atoms ;
fore wings, basal line fine, black, rounded, somewhat angled at cell;
outer line rather evenly wavy, fine, black, nearly parallel with outer
margin ; an outer line of intervenular blackish shadow spots, and a
corresponding marginal line connecting with black marginal points, the
veins on outer field being rather broadly smooth, fuscous in colour. Hind
wings corresponding with fore wings, the black being heavier and less
separate at veins, the basal line obsolete, the outer line wavy, dentate,
rounded ; the outer blackish spots edged outwardly with a dentate white
line; marginal line of broken biack spots; all discal spots present,
black. Beneath fuscous blackish, the outer lines showing in black points
on veins, the outer margin darker fuscous ; discal spots present.
Label doubtful, either Ia. or Ga., probably the former; taken
Apl. 22. Type in National Museum. Type No. 3942.
ALCIS LALLATA, 0. Sp.
Expands 45-48 mm. Palpi and front blackish ; thorax bluish-gray,
with black collar and edge to patagiz ; abdomen fuscous, with black
scales mixed; fore wings a bright blue-gray, with black shadings and
cross lines ; basal lines well out, fine, geminate, bent, waved; a middle
blackish shading with strong outer sinus just below black discal spot ;
outer line bent outwardly beyond cell, rather evenly scalloped its
whole length; an outer line of faint whitish lunules ; veins black at
ends; hind wings gray fuscous, even, without lines, discal spots faint.
Beneath smooth, light fuscous, slightly darker towards margins.
Senator, Aug. .20; Prescott, July 9; and San Francisco Mts., Ariz.,
July 26; from Dr. Kunze.
194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
SELIDOSEMA LACHRYMOSA, D. sp.
Expands 30 mm. Palpi black, tipped with ochreous; front black ;
thorax blackish fuscous ; abdomen blackish fuscous. All wings nearly
uniform blackish fuscous, fore wings rather narrow, apex acute, outer
margin rounded, inner margin long; inner line well out, rounded, a
sinus at cell opposite discal spot, and a less one at vein 2; outer line
beginning on costa near apex, strongly sinuous, the largest sinus out-
wardly at vein 3, and a short, almost angular one close to inner margin,
whose middie the line reaches, or a little beyond it ; the lines are fine,
black, the outer faintly edged outwardly with gray ; a faint whitish, sub-
wavy, submarginal line nearly parallel with outer margin; discal spot
rather large, oval, white. Hind wings triangular, both angles prominent
and sharp, outer margin irregularly wavy ; a faint discal shadow line; an
outer fine, black, somewhat undulating line ; discal spot distinct, white ;
marginal lines on all wings fine, black, broken. Beneath almost even
blackish fuscous, smoother than above.
Los Angeles Co., Cal. ; taken in July.
CLEORA SUBAUSTRALIS, Nn. sp.
Expands 42 mm. _ Palpi moderate, ascending, .fuscous brown, black
in front and at end; front dark smoky fuscous; summit fuscous brown ;
thorax dark fuscous, with a bluish tinge, behind lighter; abdomen ochre
fuscous, stained and dotted dorsally with blackish, incompletely inter-
lining the segments. Wings light brownish ochre, heavily and quite
evenly overlaid with blackish patches and striations, giving a generally
mottled appearance, enough separated basally and outwardly to give
faint indications of rounded sinuate lines of ground colour ; a lighter spot
outwardly at vein 3; a large, lengthened, black discal spot, and a
marginal line of rather heavy intervenular black points. Hind wings
corresponding to fore wings, a lighter spot at vein 3, a faint zigzag lighter
outer line, a lengthened black discal spot, and a line of black intervenular
lunules. Beneath even light ochre brown ; fore wings darkened basally
along costa, and outwardly below apex ; discal spots on all wings, long,
black ; some faint blackish strize scattered on fore wings.
Cocoanut Grove, Florida. National Museum collection. The
generic reference is provisional. Type No. 3960.
CLEORA PEDICELLATA, N. Sp.
Expands 43 mm. Palpi rather long, porrect, rather slender, ochre,
heavily marked with black, last segment black; front tufted, ochre
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195
fuscous below, black at middle, and stained with reddish above ; antennz
dentate, with two slender spines, quite long, from cach segment, ochre
brown, ringed with black ; thorax ochre brown, mixed with biackish ;
abdomen ochre brown, the segments lined with black. Fore wings
ochre brown, somewhat marked with black; basal line indeterminate,
two outer lines quite oblique, wavy jagged, definite only on posterior
half of wing, and anteriorly shown by venular spots; an outer
submarginal line of black intervenular spots, this followed by a second
quite indeterminate ; black, large, rounded discal spot, and a marginal
row of intervenular black spots; hind wings colour of fore wings,
with seven blackish cross lines, the fifth from base being finer, more
distinct, and more irregular than the others, which are quite even and
subparallel ; discal spot black, rather large, with a whitish lunule within ;
marginal line black, of scarcely confluent marks, each with an inner
white edging. Beneath very much as above, but with a strong reddish
tinge, the lines less distinct, and with an outer row of biack spots on
both wings. The wings above have scattered, pedicellate, upright
scales, black at ends, and generally white on lower half; these form
a distinct tuft at the discal spots on all wings above.
Cocoanut Grove, Florida. National Museum collection. I have
the female only. The insect probably represents a very distinct new
genus. Type No. 3958.
SELIDOSEMA CONFIGURATA, Nl. Sp.
Expands 40 mm. Palpi and front blackish ; thorax gray ; abdomen
ochre-gray, with dark fuscous interlining and dorsally ; fore wings gray,
with a bluish tint, with some washing of fuscous and scattered black
scales ; lines black, distinct ; basal rounded, with a black dot within it
at celi; middle line passing through large black discal spot, sinuous to
inner margin; outer line very distinct, bent out sharply at cell, then
rounded back subparallel with outer margin, coalescing between 1 and 2
with middle line, then separating to margin, outwardly last half with
heavy shadowing ; a subapical black dash; lines outwardly a little
brownish ; margin a little wavy, line black, heavier at ends of veins;
hind wings, gray; a straight basal line, a distinct black extradiscal
rounded line, and a submarginal shadow ; margin somewhat wavy, black
lined; beneath light fuscous, even in colour, the lines finely, but distinctly,
produced.
Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.
[TO BE CONTINUED. |
196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BOOK NOTICE.
TWENTY-FIRST REPORT OF OBSERVATIONS ON INJURIOUS INSECTS AND
Common Farm Pests DuRING THE YEAR 1897, WITH METHODS OF
PREVENTION AND ReEMEDy. — By Eleanor A. Ormerod, London:
Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1898 (1s. 6d.), pp. 160.
We beg to offer our hearty congratulations to Miss Ormerod on the
publication of the twenty-first of her annual reports. Twenty-one years
is a long period for anyone to carry on a laborious work, but this talented
and indefatigable lady has not only accomplished a most valuable and
important work, she has done so without any assistance except that of her
late lamented sister, and entirely at her own expense. On this side of the
Atlantic reports of this character are published by the Government of the
Province or State to which they belong, but in England no official recog-
nition has been shown, and though the country has undoubtedly been
saved hundreds of thousands of. pounds by the instructions given in these
Reports to the farmers and gardeners of Great Britain, whereby they have
been able to intelligently cope with their insect foes, and employ the best
methods of prevention of their attacks, yet no aid has been afforded her
from the public purse. No recognition of the immense value of her work
has been vouchsafed by the powers that be. But while officially ignored,
Miss Ormerod’s name and work are held in the highest honour throughout
Great Britain, and treated by the press in every department with the
utmost respect; and in many British colonies and several foreign countries
her name is widely known and her talents fully recognized.
A single observer, however able and industrious, could not possibly
pay attention to all the manifestations of insect injury throughout the
British Isles, but Miss Ormerod has by degrees gathered together a corps
of observers in every county and district throughout the United Kingdom,
and is kept closely informed of all that causes injury or loss to crops or
fruit, and to live stock as well. During the past year she received about
3,000 letters on entomological subjects, and with the aid of a secretary was
enabled to attend to them all. She thus conducts at her own charges
what ought to be a Division of Entomology in the Department of Agricul-
ture at London.
In the report before us, thirty-six species of insects are dealt with and
figured, their ravages described, and methods of prevention and remedy
fully given. Several of them are familiar to us on this side of the Atlantic;
é. g., Apple Codling Moth, Cockroaches, Xyleborus xylographus, Medi-
terranean Flour Moth (Zfphestia kuhniella), etc.
From the care and accuracy which characterize her descriptions and
figures, Miss Ormerod’s work is of permanent value to economic entomol-
ogists everywhere, and her reports are always received with welcome and
gratitude by those who have the good fortune to obtain them. That she
may long be spared to carry on her admirable work is the earnest aspira-
tion of her many friends. Ce Tosa
Mailed July 6th, 1898.
add 4“)
sid Me
“ot
=
eat
|
ie er iy
PEATE 6.
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXX
=
>
ASEMOPLUS NUDUS, NOV. SP.
The Bison. dal
Vou. XXX. LONDON, AUGUST, 1898, No. 8.
A NEW ALPINE GRASSHOPPER FROM WESTERN CANADA.
BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.
Among a large number of Orthoptera taken by myself during a trip
to the Pacific Coast by the Canadian Pacific Railway there is one
species belonging to the Melanopli which I was unable to determine
from Scudder’s “ Revision” of the group, and could not “even satisfy
myself as to its generic place. I therefore sent a pair to Mr. Scudder, who
informed me that it was a new species of Asemop/us, but that a change
would be necessary in the description of that genus as given in his
“ Revision of the Melanopli” in order to receive my species. I had
noticed the resemblance to Asemop/us in the extremity of the male
abdomen, but the total absence of tegmina and other points of dis-
similarity caused my uncertainty regarding its true generic position.
I have accordingly prepared the following description taken from
3. ¢’s and 5 Q’s, of which 2 ¢’s andr 9 were taken near Sandon, B. C.,
in the Gold Range, and the others on Mt. Piron, near Laggan, Alberta.
Asemoplus nudus, n. sp.
Rather stout and strongly built ; tegmina and wings entirely absent ;
dull olivaceous above in the 9°, Buce with two iongitudinal dorsal yellow
stripes in the ¢.
Frontal costa not prominent, fading before the clypeus, equal,
sulcate at and below the ocellus, or sometimes throughout in the male, a
little wider than the first antennal joint in the ¢, about half as wide
again in the 9. Vertex a little tumid, scarcely raised above the
pronotum ; fastigium rather steeply declivent, very slightly arcuate,
about on a level with the eyes or sometimes a little below in the ¢,
feebly depressed, considerably expanded anteriorly.
Interspace between the eyes half as broad again in the ¢, twice
as broad in the ? as the first antennal joint. Eyes rather small, a little
prominent in the ¢, but little longer than broad, subtruncate anteriorly,
about as long as the infra-ocular portion of the genz. Antenne shorter
than the hind femora, in the 9 about as long as the head and pronotum,
198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
in the ¢ nearly half as Jong again. Pronotum rather short, the sides
nearly parallel in the ¢, but considerably divergent in the ?, so that the
posterior border is more than one-third as long again as the anterior.
Disk broadly convex, passing into the nearly vertical lateral lobes with-
out a trace of lateral carine. Prozona a little more than twice as long
as the metazona, quadrate or slightly tranverse in the 9. Anterior and
posterior margins of the disk truncate, the latter slightly emarginate.
Median carina slight, nearly obliterated on the prozona, but distinct on
the metazona. Posterior margins of lateral lobes but little oblique,
forming a decided angle with the lower margin. Prosternal spine nearly
vertical, short, conical, not very blunt. Interspace between the
mesosternal,lobes in the ¢ nearly half as broad again as long and nearly
or quite as broad as the lobes themselves, in the 9 twice as broad as
long and distinctly broader than the lobes. Metasternal lobes rather
distant in the J, more distant than the width of the frontal costa in the
2. Legs rather stout; fore and middle femora tumid in the ¢.
Abdomen with a distinct median carina. Extremity in the 3 feebly
clavate and a little upturned. Supra-anal plate three-fourths as broad at
the base as long, triangular with an obtusangulate apex ; sides gently
emarginate, considerably elevated, median sulcus nearly percurrent,
moderately deep, its bounding walls about as much elevated as the sides.
Furcula consisting of a pair of minute rounded tubercles. In one
specimen, which is the one figured, it is quite distinct and much better
developed than in the others, in which it is almost obsolete. Cerci
distinctly shorter than the supra-anal plate, about twice as long as the
width at the base, compressed, styliform, tapering a little more rapidly
in the basal than in the apical half. Subgenital plate rather large,
conical, apical margins not elevated above the lateral margins, the latter
parallel on their basal half, but narrowing beyond to the small mesially
notched apex. Upper valves of ovipositor rather short, not narrowed at
base, slightly falciform apically. In the specimen shown on the plate
they are more than normally exserted.
Colour of Dried Specimens.—Female: Dull, rather dark olivaceous
above, dull yellow tinged with olivaceous beneath. Face and lower
half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum yellowish-green or olivaceous,
more or less clouded with grayish olivaceous, especially on the clypeus
and labrum; a broad piceous band starts from the middle of the
posterior border of the eye, passes over the upper half of the pateral
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199
lobes of the pronotum, then broadens until it reaches the abdomen,
thence gradually narrowing until it disappears at about the last segment.
Behind the pronotum it changes from shining piceous to rather dull
black. Antenne olivaceo-fuscous, paler at the base. Fore and middle
legs olivaceo-fuscous, yellowish beneath. | Hind femora reddish-brown
internally, dull orange beneath, dull fuscous externally, with little or no
indication of fasciz above. Hind tibie luteous, more or less clouded
with olivaceous, and all the colours are darker and duller than in the other
specimens.
The male differs in coloration as follows: It is black above, with
the exception of a moderately broad, bright yellow stripe running from
the upper posterior corner of each eye, along the dorsum of the
pronotum just above the lateral lobes and along the abdomen to the
last dorsal segment. On the abdomen they are separated by a space of
about the width of one of the bands, and are narrowly interrupted at the
base of each segment. The black lateral band is much better defined
than in the 2, and on the abdomen is sharply separated from the bright
yellow venter. The markings are in general more distinct and the
colours brighter than in the female.
Length of body: ¢, 16 mm.-18.5 mm.; ?, 22.5 mm.—23.5 mm.
Length of antenne: ¢, 7 mm.-8mm.; ?, 5 mm.-8 mm.
Length of head and pronotum: ¢, 5 mm.-5.8 mm.; 9, 6 mm.-
7.5 min.
Length of hind femora: ¢, 8.5 mm.-ro mm.; ?, 10.5 mm.-11.3 mm.
The three specimens from Sandon were taken on the grassy path
of a snowslide, at an elevation of about 2,600 feet, on September 16,
1897; while those from Mt. Piron were captured on September 19, 1897,
at about 7,000 feet, being above timber-line.
In the accompanying plate (A) is a lateral view of the ?,(B)a
dorsal view of the ¢, (C) and (D) are respectively lateral and dorsal
views of the male abdominal appendages.
A NEW CYCHRINID.
BY THE REV. J. H. KEEN, MASSETT, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, B. C.
This fine plum-coloured beetle—superficially resembling Cychrus
marginatus — was taken by me in 1896, and kindly named for me by
Captain Casey, whose description of it, published in his Coleoptero-
logical Notices, No. VII, page 334, I take the liberty of transcribing
200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
below for the benefit of Canadian students who may not see Captain
Casey’s books. ‘The beetle occurs sparingly, under loose bark or under
logs on the ground, along the mainland of British Columbia from Fort
Simpson to Rivers Inlet, and probably farther, if sought for. I have
never met with a specimen on the Queen Charlotte Islands.
The following is Capt. Casey’s description :
“ Brennus insularis, n. sp.—Elongate, rather feebly ventricose,
shining throughout, black throughout the body and legs, the elytra
rather dusky cupreo-violaceous, with narrow and bright aeneous side
margins. //ead rather stout, moderately elongate, the vertex almost
smooth, the broadly impressed transverse nuchal constriction rather
pronounced ; gene feebly developed, with the angular notch small and
inconspicuous ; supra-orbital ridges moderately strong and inwardly
inclined at the antennez, fine posteriorly ; antenne slender, moderate in
length, the basal joint distinctly thicker, claviform, not as long as the
next two, the seta at apical eighth. Pyrothorax well developed, scarcely
as long as wide, moderately dilated and broadly rounded throughout
anteriorly, the sides not more strongly rounded before, but becoming
gradually oblique behind ; the middle, to the base, with a scarcely visible
ante-basal sinuation ; angles much more than right, and bluntly rounded ;
base wide, more than half the maximum width and fully as wide as the
head ; disk feebly convex, the median line strong ; sublateral impressions
deep, extending far before the middle; reflexed margins rather fine.
Elytra elongate-elliptical, fully half longer than wide, nearly three and a
half times as long as the prothorax and two and a third times as wide ;
humeri evenly and obliquely rounded; reflexed margins ample but
rather finely punctate ; disk strongly, evenly convex, the strie deep and
broadly impressed, rather uneven, obscurely punctate, readily traceable
throughout the width, the intervals convex, much broken up toward the
sides and finely so toward the apex. Legs very slender. Length 17.5
mm.; width 6.8 mm.
“Queen Charlotte Islands. [This is an error. See above.—J. H. K.]
“This fine species is founded upon a single perfect specimen recently
sent to me by Mr. Fletcher and probably taken by Mr. Keen. It is a
female, but the species will be readily known from marginatus by its
much larger size, more elongate and convex elytra, larger and less
posteriorly narrowed prothorax, with the sides less sinuate toward base,
and several other characters.”
{HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 901
NOTE ON THE DIURNALS.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., ROEMER MUSEUM, HILDESHEIM.
Mancipium brassice.—Dr. Chapman writes me that certain speci-
mens of this common species examined by him showed the very short
veinlet III. 3 + 4. This veinlet constantly diminishes in size, progressing
towards the tip of the wing to finally vanish, through many forms of
the Pier:de. I had indeed expected it to be occasionally persistent
in drassice, although my preparations did not show it. It has disap-
peared in Pontia daplidice, in Nathalis tole, and, strange to say, in that
curious and now isolated Pierid, Gonophlebia paradoxa. ‘This varia-
bility, in one and the same species, is interesting because it follows the
general evolutionary direction of the changes in the venation. Always
the radial branches in the Pierids and other groups tend to diminish in
number. Always the disintegration of the Media advances, until it
finally disappears, as a system, from the surface of the wing (Rothschildia,
Samia, Potamis, etc.). A parallel case to that of drassice is offered by
Copismerinthus ocellata. In some specimens of this Hawk Moth, vein
IV, is still thrown off from the cross vein of the hind wings, instead of
the Radius, which it has usually ascended to beyond the cell. We must
regard these as instances of generalization in the individual, of a reversion
to what was formerly the rule and is now becoming, by slow degrees, the
exception. Mr. Scudder kindly informed me that he believed that slight
structural differences in all stages of drassice could be demonstrated as
compared with the type of Per/s. In my studies I am mainly concerned
with the correct use of generic names extant in literature, without
attempting to judge of the comparative value of such differences ; if any
characters can be found I take them as generic if a title exists in litera-
ture. We may reasonably regard JZancipium as a development of Pieris
since it shows a further progress upon the same structural lines. I have
tried to show that Poztza presents a parallel advance, but upon a distinct
phylogenetic terminal line, belonging to the Amthocharini and not to
Pieris as heretofore classified. ‘The five-branched Radius of Luchloe
stella has been reduced to four in Zetracharis cethura, to three in Pontia
daplidice, which retains the Anthocharid pattern and shape of wing.
Eumargareta coresia.—l\ have recently studied this South American
Nymphalid, which belongs taxonomically to the VympAa/ine, but differs
by position of the last radial branches, and can hardly be a member of
the phylogenetic group to which Limenitis and Nymphalis lucilla
202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
belong, and which embraces also Lastlarchia. Mr. W. F. Kirby writes
me that he cannot find that any new name has been proposed for
Megalura, Blanchard, 1840, preoccupied by Horsfield, 1820, and
Agassiz, 1833. (See Scudder, Historical Sketch, 212.) I have accordingly
proposed the above generic title for the type covesta. What is relatively
unimportant at the present time seems to be a discussion of rules limiting
the application of the law of priority, all of which are arbitrary in their
nature and cannot compel universal consent. What appears to me of
greater practical value is the fixing of the types of existing generic titles,
so that the use of these by themselves, without mention of any species,
may be intelligible. The discord is already such that much of what has
been recently written by the systematists on the Diurnals cannot be
followed or clearly understood.
Issoria lathonia.—This is a distinct genus from Argyunis aglaia,
in which type vein III, is appressed upon the Radius to a point beyond
the cell, while really arising at a point within the cell. In Jssoria
this appression, which prepares us for the point of emission of
vein III, in AZelitea, has not taken place. In /ssoréa, vein III, is
brought nearer than in Lrenthis hecate. These two types, /ssoria and
Brenthis, appear more generalized than Argynnis. Both in Dryas
paphia and in Acidalia niphe the appression has taken place as in
Argynnis, and I am at a loss to distinguish the genera from the neuration.
In the more specialized Agrau/ts all the branches arise beyond the cell.
With the lengthening of the wing the radial veins tend to arise beyond
the cell and reproduce the character found in Zef¢zdia and other ‘“long-
wings.” In Dzone tuno, vein III, has not progressed so far beyond the
cell as in Agraulis vanille. In Euptoieta claudia, vein III, has not
reached the extremity of the cell; the cross vein is nearly vanished on
hind wings between IV, and cubitus, a specialization in the direction of
Metitea. In Euphydryas phaeton the only deviation from the JAZe/ite@a
type is the very slightly more strongly retained cross vein on primaries.
This is hardly noticeable, and I am at a loss to distinguish the genus by
the neuration from J/e/itea maturna. 1 can also not distinguish
Cinclidia. The genera Acidalia, Dryas, Euphydryas and Cinclidia do
not afford neurational characters by which they may be distinguished, the
two first from Argynnis, the two latter from JJZe/itea. In Phyciodes
tharos, vein III, springs from Radius before extremity of cell; vein
IIL, as in Meditea; vein III, decidedly to apex of wing, as frequently
eo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20
occurs in the group of Argynnini. It has the Je/itea specialized
character of the open cell on secondaries, but in the type of JA/elitea
vein III, does not attain apex of wing, but falls below it. The
Meliteini are more specialized as a group than the Argynnini. This
latter seems on the whole the generalized group of the Vymphalide
proper, and from the ancestors which the modern Fritillaries represent
may have sprung the holarctic Argynunine, and from these the MVympha-
‘ing. But the latter are, perhaps, not monophyletic ; at least the West
South American Humargareta excites doubts which do not arise from a
study of the South American genus Ade/pha, which latter, no doubt,
belongs phylogenetically with the Old World Athyma, although the
pattern differs. The definition of the Nymphaline by the taxonomic
character of the coalescence of veins If. and III. of the hind wings up
to the point of the almost stationary I. (the “ precostal spur” of some
writers) probably throws together butterflies which have reached this
specialization by different routes.
Morphine.—My study of Morpho leads me to believe that the
group has sprung from the Satyrid stem. It has attained the grade of
specialization of Afeditza, the cell on hind wings open. It would seem
that these butterflies are specialized Agapetide, which have assumed the
habit of a more lofty flight. Asa rule, the “tree” butterflies and moths
seem more specialized, and have probably everywhere appeared later
upon the scene.
CONCERNING XANTHORHOE GLACIALIS, Hutsr.
Dr. Hulst describes the species and X. /onguda in May Can. Enr.,
p. 119. The National Museum has a long series of these (225 specimens),
very variable, but doubtless representing only a single species. In spite
of the label, I am of the opinion that Dr. Hulst’s types are not American
specimens. Some bear a printed label “Alaska” and ‘Coll. C. V.
Riley” ; others have a written label ‘“ Behring Island, Alaska”; and
others ‘‘ Behring Island.” I think the whole series were collected by Dr.
Stejneger at Behring Island, which is one of the Commander Islands off
the coast of Kamchatka, and has in general an Asiatic fauna. It is
unfortunate that these seductive little “‘ Alaska” labels were used on the
specimens. However, the species is evidently American if the type
specimens are not, for we have one labelled ‘“ Aleutian Islands, Turner,
1881,” and another that I take to be the same (a ?, and rubbed), from
“Nushargak River, Alaska, Aug. 14, 1881, McKay collector.”
Harrison G. Dyar,
204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DEIDAMIA INSCRIPTA, Harr.
In the early part of May last, on meeting Mr. Bice he had the agree-
able information to convey to me that he had taken a Sphinx that was
new to him. Upon looking at it I at once suspected that it was new
to me also; and on investigation proved the correctness of the im-
pression. Its small size, strikingly Smerinthoid form of primaries,
peculiar olive-gray colour and distinctly outlined ornamentation made
it easy to determine.
Prof. Fernald gives, in his “Sphingide of New England,” the follow-
ing brief, but clear and unmistakable, description of the species :
‘“Expanse of wings, two inches. The head and thorax are grayish-
brown, with a double, curved, white line, edged with brown across the
prothorax, behind which are two other curved lines, one on the middle
and the other on the hinder part of the thorax. The abdomen is ashy,
and has two rows of dark brown spots. The fore wings are ashy-gray at
base, in the middle and toward the apex. Three brownish bands cross
the wings before the middie, another angulated band crosses beyond the
end of the cell, and the outer border of the wing has two dark brown
lunules on the margin below the apex, before the second of which is a
third spot, with more or less white between. The discal spot is paler
than the ground colour of the wing. The hind wings are of a dull
reddish-brown colour, with a dusky terminal band, which grows narrow
toward the anal angle. Fringes white. The mature larva is two inches
long, of a fine green colour, and the body tapers from the third segment
toward the head. The caudal horn is whitish at the tip. They go
into the ground (not very deep), and transform into very dark brown
pup, with the tongue-case a short elevated ridge ; a short central spine
at the end of the head and a spinous tubercle on each of the eye-cases.
Feeds on the leaves of grape and Virginia creeper.”
Mr. Grote says: ‘‘ No known Smerinthoid feeds on the grape.” He
gives the habitat as “ Canada to Virginia.” To which Dr. J. B. Smith
adds, ‘‘Westward to the Mississippi Valley.” He also says, ‘The
species is by no means common.” It is figured in Strecker’s Lep. Rho.
et Tlet., Plate X1L1.chie8.
This is the fourth Sphingid species that Mr. Bice has secured new
to the Society’s collection.
J. Atsron Morrat, London, Ont.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
(Paper No. 3.)
FamMity V.— XYELID&.
No species seems to be known in this family outside of the European
and North American faunas, and very few species are described. The
group was first treated as a subfamily by Newman as early as 1834.
The imagoes appear very early in the year, orin February, March and
April, deposit their eggs and then disappear, the consequence being that
very few are taken and only a few of the commoner forms are known.
With more careful collecting early in the season, however, the probabilities
are that many more species will be discovered in our fauna.
The imagoes of three distinct species of these insects, representing as
many genera, have been bred recently from the larve by Dr. H. G. Dyar,
and we are not only indebted to him for the first authentic life-history of
a species in this group, but also for the first scientific description of the
larva. His recent discovery of a large undescribed species in the rare
genus P/euroneura was most unexpected.
The known genera seem to fall into two well-marked natural groups,
distinguished by differences in both the front and hind wings, and which
are here treated as subfamilies.
Table of Sibfamilies:
Front wings with the intercostal vein separated, not uniting with the
subcostal ; hind wings with two complete submarginal cells and one
discoidal cell; ovipositor hardly half the length of the abdo-
IUENNG.) el? dehy tia kieiat es 0os + «e520 a SUbtani yeh) Macroeelmns,
Front wings with the intercostal vein uniting with the subcostal ; hind
wings with one complete submarginal and one discoidal cell; oviposi-
tor as long or longer than the abdomen... ..Subfamily II., Xyelinz.
Subfamily I.—MAacRoOxYELIN&.
The imagoes of this group are very much larger than those in the
Xyeling, and are readily distinguished by the distinctly separated inter-
costal vein, as in the Zydinz, and their much shorter Ovipositor, while
their larvae seem to be strictly external feeders,
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The genera now known may be separated as follows :
Table of Genera.
Antenne 10-12 jointed.. io iene maar Prager ee aye ste De
Antennz g-jointed, the six ge ar vane very een tedentien not
. longer than the scape and less than half the length of the third
joint ; clypeus with a median emargination ; claws with an erect.
toothybefore tip... ee pias 8 .. Macroxyela, Kirby.
2. Clypeus anteriorly iciafeifemle omic at ihe, riddle. ; all tibiz very
spinous, the hind tibize with four lateral spurs beneath.
Claws cleft; antennz 1o-r1t jointed (the tenth sometimes
divided into two joints), the seven or eight terminal joints
very short, together not longer than the scape or less than
one-fourth the length of the third joint ; only one transverse
radial nervure joining the second cubital cell. Wegaxye/a, Ashm.
Claws with a large erect tooth before the middle; antenne
12-jointed, the nine terminal joints much shortened, together
much shorter than the third joint; both transverse radial
nervures joining the second cubital cell.. //eurvoneura, Konow.
Subfamily II].—XyELIn&.
The species at present known in this group are very small and are
readily distinguished by having the intercostal vein united with the
subcostal, by having only one complete submarginal cell in the hind
wings, and by the longer ovipositor. ‘Their larvee are apparently internal
feeders.
Only two genera are known, separated as follows :
Table of Genera.
Antenne 12-jointed, the nine terminal joints slender, lengthened, together
as long or longer than the third joint; claws Jong, slender, with a
very minute, nearly obsolete, tooth beneath, a little beyond the middle.
Front wings with both transverse radial nervures received by the
second cubital cell, rarely with the second transverse radius inter-
stitial ; clypeus with a median ridge, which is slightly extended
nies the anterior bay but scarcely triangularly pro-
duced. Fey Riess .. Manoxyela, Ashm.
Front wings swith the fee transverse sidial Vi nervure received by the
second cubital cell. the second transverse radius received by the
third cubital cell; clypeus anteriorly triangularly produced
medially... .. <0 bss dy AACR AEE She eae ee a eee a nei
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207
Famity VI., LypDIDAé.
The genera in this family have been revised recently by Mr. F. W.
Konow,* who treats the group as a tribe, dividing it into two subtribes, (r)
Megalodontides and (2) Lydides. He recognizes eight genera, but some
of these he again divides into subgenera.
Believing that these insects represent a distinct family, I have here
recognized his subtribes as subfamilies, and his subgenera as genera.
In my table of families I overlooked the fact that the A7ega/odontides
(exotic species) had no distinct intercostal vein, so that line 2, page 144,
should be amended to read: Costal cell most frequently with an inter-
costal cell.
The following tables are based mainly upon those of Konow’s,
although I have made some changes, and used some characters not
mentioned by him, which, it is believed, will render the genera much
more readily distinguishable. All of them are known to me, except
Melanopus and Tristactus.
Table of Subfamilies.
Head usually without the two longitudinal grooved lines on the vertex,
or with only traces of them ; antennze with the middle joints de-
pressed or concave beneath, with more or less distinct branches
or processes ; front wings without an intercostal vein, or it is only
indicated by a streak ; cubitus originating from the middle of the
basal nervure ; second Sea segment of abdomen entire, without a
median slit.. Lh ee .. Subfamily I., Megalodontine.
Head always ith two Uatinet lovigituchisante grooved lines on vertex ;
antenne filiform, simple; front wings with an intercostal vai
cubitus originating from the apex} of the basal nervure or from the
costal vein ; second dorsal segment of abdomen emarginate or with
AMMCAIAMS SUA a ye estels's css vs olan sles Gale ele DU DIATO, Mine Meyeliirge:
Subfamily I.—MErGALODONTINA.
This group or subfamily, so far as I know, has no representative in
our fauna. It is more particularly confined to the Asiatic fauna, a few
species only being found in Europe, while but a single species has been
recorded from Africa.
*Annelen des K. K. Naturh, Ilofm., XII., 1897, Heft I.
+Konow says from the dase, but in this he is in error, since the basal nervure in
reality represents a fork of the median vein and originates from that vein and not from
the subcostal vein, as his language would seem to imply.
208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
It is quite probable, however, that species will yet be discovered in
our fauna, especially in the unexplored regions of Alaska and British
Columbia.
The four genera recognized by Konow may be distinguished by the
aid of the following table :
Table of Genera.
Flagellum with joints 2-13 of an unequal length, gradually decreasing in
length, the middle Be without long, Sorte subfoliaceous
processes’. 2... i Se AN 3s Bibbs tree
Flagellum with soitite 2-13 of an eda aoan or searaie SO, ‘he middle
joints with long, compressed, subfoliaceous processes or branches.
Process of the first flagellar joint at least as long as the two follow-
ing joints united, or longer; penultimate antennal joint longer
than the second. NGA ean .. Rhipidioceros, Konow.
Process of the sibs fasta ‘ie Piorter than the two following
joints united, usually shorter than the second joint ; penultimate
antennal joint shorter than the second..... Wega/odontes, Latreille.
2. Antenne at least 20-jointed ; joints 4-9 in oo 3-13 in ¢, at apex
obliquely truncate and somewhat produced, but with each process
compactly united with the following ; the penultimate joint of labial
palpi-shortened,) triangular... 0s \geeasc «Sistem Melanopus, Konow.
Antenne 13-14- jointed; joints from fourth and beyond triangular,
almost truncate at apex ; penultimate joint of maxillary and labial
palpi triangular, much shorter than the last.... Zr7stactus, Konow.
Subfamily II.—Lypina&.
This subfamily is at once distinguished from the Mlegalodontine by
always having two parallel, deeply impressed lines on the vertex, and by
the distinct intercostal vein in the front wings.
All of our species, so far discovered, belong in this subfamily, and
all of the genera, tabulated below, occur in our fauna, except Caenolyta
and Gongylocorisa.
The genera may be easily distinguished by the aid of the following
table :
Table of Genera.
Claws cleft. gga etiaueicoe er Senate nenieeeneyy
Claws not Siete but rite a apa ane or brbanien eat
Anterior tibiz without a lateral spur before apex..............2.
Anterior tibiz with a lateral spur before apex.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
Temples immargined; second transverse cubitus interstitial
with, the’ transverse? rads itpaigtis oo. se Lyday Kabr.
Temples, at least below, sharply margined. . /¢ycorsia, Konow.
2. Basal nervure uniting with the cubitus near its base ; second trans-
verse cubitus interstitial with the transverse radius or joining the
radius a little deyond it ........ Ramen is <1 2 Cophalea, Panzer:
Basal nervure uniting with the Sibeciabel vein in the angle formed by
the cubitus; second transverse cubitus uniting with the radius
before the transverse radius ............. ....Caenolyda, Konow.
3. Intercostal vein forked at apex, the outer branch attaining the costal
vein, the inner branch joining the subcostal vein and thus forming
two closed basal cells. Sh res coat Laatecnere eee
Intercostal vein with ahi the outer pWeseee of sie fara dhevafore only
one closed basal cell; basal nervure joining the cubitus near its
middle.
Temples posteriorly rounded; transverse median nervure
present ; third antennal joint very long, as long as joints
4-9 or ro united.................Gongylocorisa, Konow.
Temples posteriorly sharply margined; transverse median
nervure absent ; third antennal joint not or scarcely longer
than joints 4-6 united. . Biphthtdegeec ss, at LVEUMALOM CE, aONnOW s
4. Basal nervure joining the panini near its ae MST ee, See
Basal nervure joining the subcostal vein at ie. origin be the cubitus
or in the angle formed by it; first joint of flagellum scarcely as
long as joints 2-3 united; temples acutely
baareimeds is: oss eis ji terpratenen .. Kelidoptera, Konow.
5. First joint of flagellum not or ; seacely fougen ‘an the second, or at
least always much shorter than joints 2-3 united; temples
IMAL BINGE tune sige : wear cees . Lamphilius, Latreille.
First joint of Raatitinn as Etaae « or - Jone ger than. joints 2-3 united; area
of vertex always longer than wide.
Head punctate, the temples margined; second transverse
median nervure always received by the first discoidal cell
beyond Wee middle ..-.... ..0.:60s dda oe Dacrroceros, Konow,
Head polished, impunctate, the temples rounded behind,
immargined ; second transverse median nervure received by
the first discoidal cell af or before the.
AMAA Se... RY een das Ashm: 5 ne 2.
(Type Z. frontalis, Westw. )
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Famity VIJ.—HyYLotTromineé.
All the species belonging in this group or subfamily have always
3-jointed antenne, the third joint in the female being simple, while in the
male it is most frequently forked. Sometimes it is simple in the male as
in the female, but in this case, however, it is as a rule more pointed at
apex and more densely pubescent.
The 3-jointed antennz readily distinguish the family, and must
always be depended upon, since otherwise it approaches, in its thoracic
and abdominal characters, very close to the Lophyride, Perreyiide
and the Se/andriide.
Since formulating my table for distinguishing the families I have
discovered a new genus without an anal cell.
The family may be divided into two subfamilies as follows :
Table of Subfamilies.
Front wings without a transverse nervure in the costal
Cele eRe Seite oy kien ence tak» <- SUDEMly Mls, Seni ZOcennes,
Front wings with a transverse nervure in costal
Cele ES OA ae acon eee See. SUA mily LA yiotomince:
Subfamily I.—Scu1zoceRIn&.
This subfamily is readily distinguished by the absence of a costal
transverse nervure. It comprises by far the greater number of genera
and species, and is widely distributed throughout the globe, the species
found in the tropics being especially handsome.
The numerous genera may be easily recognized by the aid of the
following table :
Table of Genera.
Marginalicell appendiculates was 7. a see ret... avn winds See re ae Sen eee
Marginal cell not appendiculate.
Front wings with three submarginal cells. . ME Bra PA ag Te wee
Front wings with four submarginal cells abel wth the first t trans-
verse cubitus subobsolete)....... ae procter I
2. Lanceolate cell petiolate, the ail cell at nee ati heea by the
short anal vein uniting with the median. cap koers dig ahs sees
Lanceolate cell longly contracted, nearly petiolate but aways with
a small closed cell at base,
Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or
the second recurrent is interstitial with the-sseconc transverse
CUBDICUS 23. 55h Re EAC ios al ae eee es Cee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 211
Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent
nervure,
Head seen from in front usually much broader than
long; Qantenne slender filiform, ¢ furcate.
Hind wings without an anal cell. Serzcocera, Brullé.
Hind wings with an anal cell... Schizocera, Latreille.
Head seen from in front not or scarcely broader than
long ; second submarginal cell along the radius not
longer than the third ; hind wings with two discal cells ;
2 antenne subclavate, ¢ furcate...Cyphona, Dahlbom.
3. Second submarginal cell much longer than the third, the latter
quadrate ; ? antenne filiform, f furcate..... Schisocera, Latreille.
4. Second submarginal cell receiving the first recurrent, the second
recurrent interstitial with the second transverse cubitus ; middle and
hind tibize’ with.a lateral) spur. . i. age 7 yeas). «2. 9cordina, Lepel.
4. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; middle
and hind tibiz without lateral spurs; hind wings with two discal
cells ; mandibles simple............Pseudocyphona, Ashm.,* n. g.
5. First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures. Ziemos, Norton.
First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent
DEL VAIS h ch chs pes yaa Sa ele gia So a Ree eae ce ES Ce paeee euieie
= Atomocera, Say.
= Sphecophilus, Prov.
6. Front wings with four submarginal cells ; if with three, which occurs
only in a single genus in the ¢, the second transverse nervure
Wanting ees pet: DD eaten’ 0 lS SUMS aged ene Mena he ee
Front wings with three submarginal cells, the Geet transverse cubitus
wanting.
First and second agains cell each Pre ope a recurrent
PICT MULES ia tee eats ; : woe Bantengaiae
First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; hind
wings with two discal cells, the first (in reality the first sub-
marginal) about twice as long as the second.. Dielocerus, Curtis.
Second submarginal cell ge both recurrent
nervures. ey ea eis .. Lopotrita, Kirby.
7. Middle and had tiie with a lateral spur. SISA | Shae Ree 3
*Type P. Mexicana,
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Middle and hind tibize without a lateral spur ; hind wings with two
discal cells, the first much larger than the second.
Hind wings with a lanceolate cell............../tilia, Lepel.
(= Didymia, Lep.)
Hind wings without a lanceolate cell........G@ymmnia, Spinola.
8. Hind wings with two discal cells, the first much smaller than the
second, the anal cell present.............. Zrichorhachus, Kirby.
g. Second submarginal cell receiving two recurrent nervures, or the
SeeCOnG: TECUITENt 1S, ANCES ladies 2.1) vasvcsc core ch ats ater ere et ce cea
Second and third submarginal cell each receiving a recurrent nervure ;
hind wings with two discal cells.
Hind! and: middle tibie with* lateral’ spurs... 0) soi 5 on EO
Hind tibiz without lateral spurs.
Third submarginal cell much shorter than the second ; hind
wings without an anal cell..........HWemidianura, Kirby.
Third submarginal cell as long as the second or nearly so ;
hind wings with an anal cell........Athermantus, Kirby.
to. Third submarginal cell shorter than the second ; hind wings with an
anal: Gell hviuetintin, gh vanes tee ime eo nC aogier. Ashes, ios
(Type C. Zownsendi, Ashm.)
i biind tibieiwith ‘apical Spurs.) seme ee wh lea Ss mean es ockkd voeeeets Le
Hind tibiz without apical spurs.
Head large, quadrate, the temples full and very broad ; mandibles
acute at tip; tarsal joints very short, joints 2-5 trans-
VEISG ¢pisah sic hoses a dihoaa eae Bale hiss > 2 OCRVLOL,. W estmonge
12. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; middle
and hind: tibise. withotit laters sims. .s. 4s .-5.2 ackis Seale olees beeen:
Second submarginal cell receiving only one recurrent nervure, the
second recurrent interstitial.
Middle and hind tibiz with a lateral spur; third submarginal
cell much larger than the first and much broader at apex than
the: Seconds 4.06. vss tales ces Aoanthoptenes, Asam hook.
(A. Weithii, Ashm.)
13. First and third submarginal cells rather small, subequal, the second
elongate, the third quadrate or nearly so.
Claws simples icccsisinia aeieeres fh) ila schon oud WeteO Ss DOE LOMG
Claws ‘bitids. x2. Serco cies ..- Mematoneura, André.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213
Third submarginal cell along the radius as long as the second, alcng
the cubitus only half its length, the third transverse cubitus
strongly curving outward and then upward ; marginal cell broadly
truncate at apex, so that with the long appendage it appears
almost two-celled ; hind wings with two discal cells, the second
only about half the length of the first ; claws cleft. ¢ with only
three submarginal cells, the transverse cubitus entirely wanting,
antemmee furcate . 2.40) senate. 2VeOpri/ea, Ashim., sing:
(Type ZV. mexicana, Ashm.)
Subfamily II1.—HvyLoromineé.
This group closely resembles the former, but the presence of a short
transverse nervure in the costal cell readily distinguishes it. It is a char-
acter common in the families which are to follow, and its position and
shape or direction appears to be of great taxonomic value.
The genera recognized may be separated as follows:
Table of Genera.
Macainal-cell-appendienlate .% . .%...g Seema eh he ele auieey hich ns pe
Papel cellnotyappendiculate .. 1 faeaeminetn ag ot acca celeinl le wee
2. Front wings with three submuarginal cells, the first and second each
receiving a recurrent nervure; middle and hind tibie without a
lateral spur; third antennal joint in ¢ furcate.../crarge, Ashm., n. g.
(Type A. ruficollis, Nat.)
3. Cubitus originating from the apex of the basal nervure or in the angle
formed by it and the subcostal vein.. 0.0.0.0... .00cceee esse aed
Cubitus originating from the subcostal vein more or less remote from
the apex of the basal nervure.
Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third
each receiving a recurrent nervure......Ay/otoma, Latreille.
(Section I.)
4. Front wings with four submarginal cells, the second and third each
receiving a recurrent nervure.
Hind wings with a lanceolate cell; middle and hind tibize with
A TALCT AISI. ha.!.'. . «iain» «.« sacar apeanyn sal MGR RIG. Mua ere Mle:
(Section IT.)
Hind wings without a lanceolate cell; middle and hind tibiz
withoutia lateralspur. ......¥5) Gymniopterus, Ashm., 0. g.
(Type G. séngularis, Ashm.)
214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF THE
GEOMETRINA OF NORTH AMERICA.
BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
(Continued from page 195.)
SELIDOSEMA NIGRESCENS, n. sp
Expands 31-33 mm. Paipi and front dark fuscous; antenne black
above, fuscous below ; thorax dark fuscous, patagie lighter; abdomen
dark even fuscous. All wings dark fuscous, made by heavy coalescing
striations of fuscous and blackish on a light fuscous ground ; basal line
black, quite distinct, rounded, wavy; a median shade passing through
distinct black discal spot ; an outer black distinct cross line, continued
across hind wing, on fore wing sinuous, subparallel with outer margin,
on hind wing nearly or quite straight ; on fore wing beyond this line is a
broad reddish-brown band, not always clear, however, sometimes showing
faintly at middle of hind wing; a submarginal row of light, not distinct,
lunules, edged within with darker; marginal lines black, distinct.
Beneath fuscous, with faint line shadows, and a dark shadow spot near
apex of fore wings.
San Antonio, Texas. The generic reference is provisional, as all the
specimens before me are females.
CONIODES PLUMIGERARIA, Hulst.
This insect was described from the ¢ only as Boarmia plumt-
geraria, Ento. Am. III., 216, 1887. In Bull. No. 7, new series, U. S.
Dept. Agric., p. 64, 1897, Mr. Coquillet publishes a life-history of the
insect, and gives us the information, apart from larval history, that the
female is wingless. I have received a specimen of the 2 from the
National Museum collection, which I herewith describe.
Palpi short, rather light, separate, black or blackish-gray ; front
broad, black with afew gray scales; tongue very short, weak ; thorax
blackish-gray, short, rather stout ; abdomen blackish-gray, very short and
heavy ; antenne filiform, blackish-gray, loosely scaled; wings unde-
veloped, about as long as the thorax, blackish-gray, though lighter than
thorax and abdomen ; legs blackish-gray, rather long, slender, hind tibiz
with two pairs of spurs ; the abdomen is armed with chitinous spines, not
very stout, quite numerous over the whole segment, but hidden in the
covering scales. Upon closely examining the male I find that it also has
the abdomen armed with spines as in the female.
{HE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 915
The insect, by the wingless female and as well the abdominal
armature, is allied very closely to the genera of the Pxzgalia group. The
genus Coniodes is, however, sufficiently distinct from Rhaphidodemas in
the almost obsolete tongue and the male antennex pectinated to the-tip.
PHENGOMMAT&A DISSIMILIS, Nn. sp.
Expands 33 mm. Palpi and front white; thorax and abdomen
white ; all wings above and below of an even, smooth cream white, the
fore wings above being of a somewhat deeper shade.
Glenwood Springs, Colo. ; from Dr. Barnes.
RIPULA VESTALIS, n. sp
Expands 40-42 mm. _ Palpi whitish below, black above; front
black, or white below, black above, thorax, abdomen and all wings,
above and below, pure, unbroken, silky white ; antennze fuscous, fore and
middle legs black at end of femora, otherwise pure white, except some
black on tibial epiphysis of fore legs.
South Florida ; from Mrs. A. T. Slosson.
THERINA PUNCTATA, N. Sp.
Expands 42 mm. Palpi very short, fuscous ; front fuscous ochre,
bright reddish ochre at summit; thorax, and abdomen light fuscous ochre ;
fore wings ochre, with fuscous striations, veins with an orange-ochre
shade; inner line of blackish points, not distinct ; outer line of black
points, with. an outer orange shading, sinuous, subparallel with outer
margin; discal spot faint; hind wings ochre, with faint cross line ;
beneath even ochre yellow with fuscous tinge, lines and spots obsolete.
Glenwood Springs, Colorado ; from Dr. Barnes. Near 7: vitrina,
Grt., but much larger, wings more extended, much more thickly scaled,
and outer line much more sinuous.
NEOTERPES EPHELIDARIA, var. Awmze7, . var.
I have received from Dr. Kunzé a number of specimens of /V. ephe/-
idaria, Hulst, in which the whitish colour of the fore wings is replaced
with yellow, varying somewhat in brightness. ‘The specimens vary also
in the lines, in the most these being quite evident as in JW. ephelidaria,
but in some specimens they are almost obsolete. In one case the fore
wings approach WV. Hdwardsata, Pack., in appearance in some of its
lighter marked forms. It may, therefore, be a variety connecting the
two species,
216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
EUGONOBAPTA CONSTANS, n. Sp.
Expands 32 mm. Palpi fuscous, tipped with white; front gray ;
thorax and abdomen clay colour, the latter more ochreous ; fore wings
broad, falcate, angulate at vein 4, dull clay colour, more or less stained
and striated with fuscous, this darkening into a rounded indeterminate
basal band, and a better marked, though still indefinite, outer band
running nearly to apex; margin ochre-clay colour ; hind wings strongly
angled at vein 4, of the same colour as fore wings, outer band continued
from and like that of fore wings, and a faint submarginal shading ;
discal spots on all wings of dark points ; beneath as above, the colours
sharper, and the lines somewhat more determinate.
Prescott, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunzé; taken Aug., 1896.
EUGONOBAPTA OCHREATA, N. Sp.
Expands 33 mm. Size and shape of &. constans, Hulst. Colour
bright ochre, clear and even; inner line reddish-ochre, faint ; outer line
reddish-ochre, fine, subparallel with margin ; beyond outer line a row
of blackish blotches ; hind wings colour of fore wings, outer line the same,
nearly straight, and at middle of wings, with two or three blackish
blotches beyond towards inner margin ; beneath bright ochre, outer line
scarcely showing, the blotches obsolete.
Senator, Ariz.; from Dr. Kunzé; taken Aug. 20, 1896.
SLOSSONIA, n. gen,
Palpi long, extended, beaklike ; tongue very short, weak ; front
tufted ; antenne bipectinate in ¢, apex simple, serrate in ? ; thorax and
abdomen untufted ; fore tibie unarmed; hind tibiz swollen, without
hair pencil, with two pairs of spurs ; fore wings angulate in 3, rounded
and subfalcate in 9 , without fovea below in ¢ ; 12 veins : 3 and 4 separate,
5 near middle of cell; 6 separate from 7; 10 and 11 from cell separate
from g and 12: hind wings, 5 obsolete, 6 and 7 separate, 8 separate
from cell. Type S. rubrotincta, Hulst.
The ¢ of the type is wanting ; the determination of the ? is from
S. latipennis, Hulst, which, as the ¢ is not known, may not belong here.
This generic name is with very great pleasure given in honour of
Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, of New York, who has not only added
very greatly to our knowledge of the American insect world, especially of
Southern Florida and the White Mountains of New Hampshire, but has
herself also done some excellent descriptive and critical work. To this I
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pA
may add my appreciation of her charming personality, of her high stand-
ing as an author in the literary world, and of her very large generosity in
favours which are personal to myself.
SLOSSONIA RUBROTINCTA, DN. Sp.
Expands 30 mm. Palpi bright ochreous, tinged on sides by reddish-
purple ; front ochreous ; antennz ochreous, tinged at base above with
reddish-purple ; thorax and abdomen light clear ochre. Fore wings
broad, angled on outer margin at vein 4, clear light ochre with purple-
red stain at base, on costa, and two purple-red costal stains marking the
beginning of otherwise obsolete cross lines; apex more yellow. Hind
wings angulate at vein 4, broad, light clear ochre ; discal spots and
marginal lines obsolete. Beneath in colour as above, the hind wings
sparsely dotted in the blackish scales, thickening to a diffuse black spot
along inner margin. All legs ochre, stained especially on tibie with
purple-red.
Los Angeles Co., Cal. ; taken in July; type in National Museum,
No. 3943.
SLOSSONIA LATIPENNIS, DN. sp.
Expands 33 mm. Palpi long, slender, ochreous, tipped with black ;
front ochre ; thorax yellowish ; abdomen ochre-white ; fore wings broad,
even, rounded, ochreous, stained with yellow at base, a faint edging
of blackish basally on costa, and a faint indication of a straight
oblique whitish line beginning at costa close to apex. Hind wings
ochreous, a little yellow stained on middle portion, with a faint, somewhat
rounded line as on fore wings ; discal spots fine, jet black; all wings
very broad, the hind wings with especially long inner margin and distinct
posterior angle. Beneath all wings light ochreous, the fore wings some-
what yellow at base and apex, discal spots black, some black scales on
hind wings between discal spot and inner margin ; legs as far as seen
whitish-ochreous, with tibize stained with black.
Cocoanut Grove, S. Fla. Type in National Museum, No. 3956.
SYNAXIS FUSCATA, 0. sp.
Expands 48 mm. Palpi dark fuscous; front whitish ; thorax ochre-
ous fuscous ; abdomen fuscous ; fore wings dirty fuscous, between the
cross lines darker, forming a cross band ; discal spots black ; hind wings
fuscous except along fore margin ; cross line broad, not strongly marked,
reaching from inner margin half across wings, discal spots black.
to
ed
ioe)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Beneath lighter fuscous, more even, the hind wings more loosely striated,
and all with more of an ochreous tinge.
Glenmore Springs, Colorado; from Dr. Barnes; taken between
Sept. 16 and 23.
ENNOMOS OCHREATUS, 0. Sp.
Of the size and shape of 4. magnarius, Guen., but of an even
bright ochre colour, scarcely darkening into darker ochre along outer
margin and faintly on outer line, the colour being almost exactly the
same below. ‘This may be an extreme variety of £. magnarius, of which
I have received a number of specimens from Colorado and Utah, but all
these, though lighter than the Eastern form, have the lines distinct and
the colours deeper and are quite uniform.
Colorado ; from Dr. Gillette.
METANEMA SUBPUNCTATA, N. sp.
Expands 32 mm. An insect of the size and shape of J. excelsa,
Streck., with the ground colour of fore wings white, heavily overlaid with
fuscous striations, which have a violet tinge; lines as in WZ. excedsa,
edged with fuscous, the basal on the outside, the outer on the inside ;
outer margin brownish; hind wings stained whitish. Beneath in colour
much as above, the fore wings less striated ; the hinds wings much more.
California.
MARMAREA PEPLARIOIDES, N. Sp.
Expands 43 mm. An insect comparing with JZ. occidentalis, Hulst,
much as Azelina peplaria, Hub., compares with A. hubnerata, Gn.
The general colour is a bright bluish-mouse colour, the base darker, the
middle field a broad bluish-black band ; discal spot white ; outer line of
hind wings whitish with an inner edging of blackish. Beneath bluish,
the hind wings much striated. It may be, and indeed probably is, a
variety of AZ. occidentalis, though decidedly different in appearance.
San Francisco Mts., Ariz. ; from Dr. Kunzé; taken July 23rd, 1897.
STENASPILATES INVIOLATA, 0. Sp.
Of the size and general appearance of .S. radiosaria, Hulst, but the
colour is pure white, overlaid with an even light fuscous tinge. The basal
line is wanting, the outer line is white, edged within with fuscous, nearly
straight, and on all wings. Hind wings white at base, fuscous tinged
outwardly ; abdomen clay white ; beneath as above.
Phoenix, Ariz., May 30th; from Dr. Kunzé. Very much lighter in
colour than S, radiosaria, and differing in the ground colour entirely.
co
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21
CABERODES MINIMA, Nn. sp.
Expands 28 mm. Palpi white, with a few scattered black scales
intermixed ; front white, tinged with fuscous ; antenne fuscous ; thorax
and abdomen light fuscous, the abdomen with some black scales ; fore
wings light fuscous ochre, with scattered blackish scales and striations ;
basal cross line rounded, not prominent ; outer cross line heavy, black,
nearly parallel with outer margin, a little emphasized on the veins; a
slight costal spot near apex ; discal spot large, prominent, black, with a
slight centrai ochre point ; hind wings white, faintly fuscous stained, with
scattered fuscous scales, outer line broad, dark, parallel with outer margin ;
discal spot apparent, but not prominent. Beneath of the ground colour
above, with outer lines and discal spots of all wings present but faint.
Arizona ; quite different in appearance from the ordinary Caderodes.
NOTES ON CHLOROTETTIX, WITH SOME NEW SPECIES.
BY C. F. BAKER, AUBURN, ALA.
Chlorotettix unicolor, Fitch.—An examination of the Fitch type in
the National Museum shows this to be the form described by Mr. Van
Duzee as ga/banata. As this will leave Mr. Van Duzee’s unicolor
without a name, it may be known as Vanduzei. Vanduzei differs from all
the other described species in a character not before noted,—the ocelli
are distant from the eyes,—while in all the others they are about as near
as their own width or nearer. Differing thus widely from other species
referred here, Vanduzez must still remain the type of the genus, which
should perhaps be used for it alone. The male of uzicolor, Fh., closely
resembles in genital characters that of spatudatus which I have from
Kansas and Texas.
Chlorotettix emarginata, Nn. sp.
Length, 6.25-6.5 mm. Vertex blunter than in xmicolor ; colour
the same. Valve in male triangular and about the length of preceding
segment. Plates about equalling pygofers, rounded at tips, but little
wider towards the base, where each plate is suddenly depressed, giving
the whole the appearance, as viewed from below, of being strongly
constricted. Last ventral segment of female with lateral angles strongly
produced backwards on either side of a broad, deep, rectangular emargi-
nation, the bottom of which is sinuate. Ovipositor equalling pygofers.
Ocelli approximating eyes.
Described from two males and one female collected at Medellin,
State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Rev. H. Th. Heyde. Resembles
220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
unicolor, Fh. (=galbanata, Van D.), but is slightly larger and differs
widely in the form of the genitalia, both male and female.
Chlorotettix breviceps, n. sp.
Length, 6.25 mm. Vertex not longer at middle than at eyes.
Ocelli black, scarcely further than their width from the eyes. Colour
throughout pale brownish; two longitudinal whitish lines on scutel.
Last vental segment twice the length of preceding, hind margin very
broadly, slightly notched. Ovipositor about equalling pygofers.
Described from two females in the Herbert H. Smith collection,
taken at Chapada, Brazil, in May. Nearest véridia, but the vertex
shorter, the ocelli smaller and further from the eyes, and the colour
different. This insect has somewhat the aspect of an /dzocerus.
Chlorotettix minima, N. sp.
Length, 5 mm. or slightly more or less. Ocelli large and very close
to the eyes. Vertex distinctly, though but little, longer at middle than
at eyes. Colour pale yellowish. Last ventral segment of female twice
the length of preceding, lateral angles broadly rounded ; medially with a
deep narrow notch, extending more than half the length ; the angles on
either side of the summit of the notch projecting obliquely towards each
other and sometimes nearly touching ; in one specimen these projecting
angles are nearly obsolete. Valve of male shorter than preceding segment
and scarcely angled at middle. Plates rounded basally at sides, beyond
middle becoming suddenly narrow and parallel-sided for rest of length.
Described from one male and several females in the Herbert H.
Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil, in April and May. The
smallest species of the genus yet described. The form of the ventral
notch varies, as it does in most species of the genus. In general form
the species recalls wzzcolor, Fitch.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF COCCID.
BY J. D. TINSLEY, MESILLA PARK, N. MEX.
DaCTYLOPIUS QUAINTANCH, n. sp.
Adult ¢. Length, 2 mm. Width, 1.5 mm. Shape, ellipsoidal,
much flattened. Colour, dark grayish-brown, the body is so covered with
white secretion that its true colour only shows on the ventral surface,
the colour of the dorsum appearing quite white. The white secretion
mealy, projecting slightly on the lateral margins, but not forming well-
marked filaments ; posteriorly it is produced into two very short, but
well-defined, caudal filaments ; on the dorsum it is slightly raised into a
longitudinal ridge.
THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIS'. 221
In addition to the mealy secretion, there is some fine, waxy, thread-
like secretion as in D. virgatus, Ckll. They produce no well-defined
ovisac, only a fluffy mass of secretion.
Boiled in caustic potash they become, at first, almost black, and on
further boiling they become purplish. Legs and antennze brownish, but
very much lighter than the body.
Antenne 7-jointed: 7 longest, slightly longer than
2 + 3 (go-100 w); 2 and 3 next longest, usually sub-
equal, about twice as long as broad ; 1 and 6 next longest,
often subequal, 1 sometimes the longer; 4 and 5 shortest
and usually subequal. The antenne are fairly stout,
especially joints 1, 2 and 3; all joints are hairy, the hairs
being long and slender. Antennal formula 7(23)(16)(45).
(See Fig. 17.)
Legs.—Femur very stout, being only about twice as
long as broad, with scattered, long, slender hairs ; tibia
stout, its width about half that of the femur, with a few
long, slender hairs ; tarsus stout, quite hairy, bearing a
pair of long, slender digitules ; claw stout, bearing a pair
of knobbed digitules. Leg resembles that of a Ripersia.
(See Fig. 18.) Male unknown.
Habitat.—Lake City, Florida, Feb. 9,
1898. On Rhus copallina, L.; collected
by Mr. A. L. Quaintance. :
Remarks.—The most prominent char-
acteristics of this species are: Its small
size, stoutness of legs and antenne, and the
comparatively great length of the terminal
joint of the antenna.
DacTYLOPIUS viRGATUS, CkIl.
Some time since I received from Mr.
E. E. Green, of Ceylon, specimens of
Dactylopius ceriferus, Newst., and, having
at hand the type material of virgatus, I
carefully compared them, both as to their
external features and their antenne and legs.
b>
be
bo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY.
The specimens from either Jamaica or Ceylon differ as much in
size and colour among themselves as they differ from those of the other
locality.
The Jamaica specimens agree quite closely with Mr. Newstead’s
description, and wice versa.
To form an idea of the variability of this species one has only to
note the fact that Mr. Cockerell distinguished four varieties in addition
to the typical species growing on various plants in Jamaica.
The most prominent characters, which are constant, are, first, the
elongated shape, tapering posteriorly, and second, the presence of the
peculiar waxy filaments which are quite distinct from the ordinary white
filamentous secretion of the genus.
The antenne are quite variable, as may be seen from the following
measurements of the type material from Jamaica: First joint, 45-60 p ;
second, 55-80; third, 85-95; fourth, 45-55; fifth, 50-65 p;
sixth, 55-60 ~; seventh, 53; eigath, 115-120 p.
Measurements of the Ceylon material vary as follows: First
joint, 59-65 » ; second, 67-76; third, go-104); fourth, 53-57 /; fifth,
53-65 »; sixth, 51-62 1; seventh, 56-62; eighth, 120-127. Ihave
also recently examined specimens from Mexico, and find them to fall
between the Jamaica and Ceylon specimens in size. It will be noticed
that the Ceylon specimens are longer than those from Jamaica.
The variations in relative length are well shown in the following
antennal formule :
Jamaica specimens. Ceylon specimens. Mexico specimens.
(83)(24)(567) 382(4567) 832(45)(16)7
$3267(45) 83216745 8324(16)57
83(26)(57)14 8321(67)54
$32(156)47 83245716
$32(4567)
Joint 3 of the antenna is, however, always quite long, always appre-
ciably longer than 2.
Legs agree perfectly with the published descriptions.
After this caretul examination, I am convinced that these are all one
species, and since Mr, Cockerell published his wrgatus, about a year
previous to Mr. Newstead’s publication of ceri/erus, D. ceriferus, Newst.,
will stand as a synonym for D. virgatus, Ckll.
The Mexican specimens were collected on coffee at Cuantia, Morelos,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223
Mexico, July, 1897, by Mr. A. Koebele, and sent to the New Mexico
Expt. Station by Mr. L.O. Howard. This is the first time that D.
virgatus, Ckll., has been found in Mexico.
PHENACOCCUS MINIMUS, n. sp.—Adult 2. Length
about t mm. Shape, somewhat globular. Colour, reddish-
pink.
Body nearly naked, and shining. No lateral fila-
ments ; a pair of short, stout, flattened, caudal filaments.
Antenne (see Fig. 1g) of g segments: segment 9g
longest : segments 2 and 3 next longest, these may be
subequal, or three may be the shorter; segment 1 next,
and fairly stout; segment 6 about same length as 1,
although it may be a little shorter; segment 7 next;
segments 4, 5 and 8 subequal, and shortest.
Formula 9(23)167(458). Segments of antenne with
very long, fine hairs. While the fully-developed antennz
have 9 segments, and are well represented in the figure,
yet a large proportion of the individuals examined have
7 and 8 segments. Those with 8 segments are due to
the failure of segment 8 to divide. Those with 7 are due
to lack of division in 3 and 8. The division in the 8th
segment (terminal segment) is never so distinct as that
between the other segments.
Legs.—Femur, length 185, width 50; with some long, slender
hairs. Tibia, length 185, width 30, with rather slender hairs.
Tarsus, length 85, proximal end nearly as wide as tibia, tapering
toward the distal end to join the slender claw ; hairs similar to those on
tibia ; a pair of slender hair-like digitules, not knobbed. Claw, length
25, slender, with a small denticle on its inner face. A pair of slender,
knobbed digitules longer than the claw.
Anal ring normal. Anal lobes well developed.
Ovisac.—Apparently without definite shape, just a fluffy mass of
fairly coarse filaments, enclosing the pale yellow, almost white, eggs, and
partially enclosing the female.
Male unknown.
Habitat.—On silver spruce, Picea pungens, Engelm. The specimens
were near the end of the twig on one side, at the base of the needles, and
had apparently caused the death of the needles.
224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST!.
Collected by Prof. C. P. Gillette, at Fort Collins, Colo., May 20, 1898.
The minute size of this species easily distinguishes it from any species
known at present. Unless considerable care is exercised only the 7- and
8-segmented antenne will be found, and one would, from this, be inclined
to call it a Dactylopius.
NoTE ON A CHALCIDID OF THE SUBFAM. ENCYRTIN#, PARASITIC
ON PHENACOCCUS MINIMUS.
BY T.. Ds A. COCKERELL, “N..M. AGRE EXP. STA:
Tetracnemus Westwoodi,n. sp.— g. Length 1*/, mm.; dark brown;
head and thorax minutely reticulated ; ocelli large and prominent, lateral
ocelli nearer to the eyes than to the middle ocellus ; scutellum prominent;
scapule triangular, produced to a point mesad, failing to meet by a short
interval only; coxz large and swollen, trochanters small, legs long, tarsi
five-jointed. Antennz 8-jointed, or 10 jointed if the two ring-jcints are
counted ; first joint of flagellum subglobose, short ; second about as long,
but cylindrical ; third about twice as long as second ; fourth about one-
third longer than third ; fifth about as long as fourth ; sixth (club) a little
longer. First four joints of flagellum emitting long branches as in West-
wood’s figure of Z) diversicornis. Club slender, considerably less swollen
than in a@iversicornis. Wings strongly pubescent.
Hab.—Fort Collins, Colo ; parasitic in Phenacoccus minimus, Tinsley;
collected by Prof. Gillette. Prof. Tinsley directed my attention to this
interesting parasite, which he found when describing the P. minzmus.
The parasite is almost as large as the host, and always occurs singly.
Prof. Tinsley observes that the head of the parasite is invariably turned
to the tail of the Prenacoccus. ‘The only specimens. yet available for
study are those mounted (after boiling) with the coccids, still enclosed in
the skin of the host, though fully formed in every respect. It may be that
specimens preserved in the usual way will show a somewhat diiferent
coloration, but the structural details will not be aitered. The species is
dedicated to the founder of the genus, who was the greatest of English
entomologists. It differs in the scapulz, the antennal club, and some
other particulars, from 7! diversicornis. The genus is new to America.
(See L. O. Howard, Proc. U. S. Natl. Museum, XV., p. 362.)
Since the description of Zetracnemus Westwoodi was written, we
have received many living specimens, of both sexes, from Prof. Gillette.
The living insect is black, with a slight metallic tinge, the mesothorax
a bluish black, the scutellum purple-black, rather sharply contrasting.
Antenne of ¢ dark brown; of 9, with scape and club, brown-black, the
intermediate portion white. Legs yellowish-white, tarsi more or less
infuscated, hind femora black.—T. D. A. C.
Mailed August 9th, 1898.
oh ise: Entomologist.
Vo, XXX, LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 9.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWEFLIES,
OR THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
5 (Paper No. 4.)
FAMILY VIII.—LopHyRID&.
The Swedish entomologist, C. G. Thomson, first separated this family
as a tribe in 1871. It had been placed previously with the Zydides, with
which it had no affinity whatever. In the structure of the head, thorax
and abdomen the species approach closest to the Hylotomide, Perreytide
and the Pterygophoride. The multiarticulate antenne, however, sepa-
rate them at once from the former ; the distinct anal cell in the hind wings
Separates them from the /Perreyiide, which have none ; while from the
last, to which they are undoubtedly most closely allied, they are readily
distinguished by having a distinct lanceolate cell in the front wings.
The larvee are social in their habits and feed exclusively upon conif-
erous trees—the pines, firs and cedars. Only two or three species are
known outside of the Palearctic and Neartic regions.
But two genera are known, distinguished as follows :
Table of Genera.
Hind wings with two discal cells ; front wings with the second and third
submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure.
Lanceolate cell with a straight or an oblique nervure; ¢ antenne
PAWNS erin ean ny cs,» «. » is) die eho tna neha aaa OD permease wa ene les
Lanceolate cell contracted at middle, closed; ¢ antenne _ bi-
GAMORee preps ic Sin sss 0:+ 3) cceentamennne ee Monoctonus, Dah\bom.
FamiILy I[X.—PERREYIID&.
The absence of an anal cell in the hind wings readily separates this
family from the Lophyride.
The group was first recognized by Cameron as a subfamily in 1883,
who, however, placed in it only three genera, viz.: Decameria, Lophy-
226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
roides and Perreyia. He says: ‘‘ This group has usually been regarded
as a section of the Lophyrina; but it differs in so many points not only
from that group, but from all others, that I am justified, I think, in
making a distinct section of it, and have given above the distinctive
characters of the subfamily.”*
Beiow I have placed in the group several other genera placed else-
where by Cameron and Kirby. No species is known in our fauna, and
the group, as a whole, seems to be confined to the Neotropical and
Australian regions.
The genera belonging to the family may be readily distinguished by
the aid of the following table :
Table of Genera.
Marginal cell simple, not appendiculate. . yes Sis te eek oye ice are
Marginal cell appendiculate, the lanceolate cee petiolate.
Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent
nervure, rarely with the first recurrent interstitial with the first
transverse cubitus....... DSc esp ohecapatir tid ae ence bag Apne ae
Second submarginal cell receiving = Hoth recurrent nervures ; antenne:
13-15-jointed. . Reus ; ARR a!
2. Hind wings aithone. a icra os the Rare cell ne an appenaenee ;
g antenne 15-jointed, biramose...........Lophyroides, Cameron.
(Type L. ruficollis, Cam.)
Hind wings with one discal cell, the marginal cell zwcthout an append-
age; 2 antenne 1r4-jointed, ¢ 15-jointed; maxillary palpi 4-,
labial palpi 3-jomted.... 2.124.529. e5-.|-- Lophyridea, Ashmiynoe
(Type L. tropicus, Nort **)
Hind wings with one discal cell, the marginal cell z/ti an appendage ;
antennz 15-jointed in both sexes; maxillary palpi 2-, labial palpi
1-jointed.. eta / 4 eee Se Brulle.
3. Hind wings ae one tieeat call ste Slosetl sublaaewenee ae « Seka
Hind wings wzthout a discal cell.
2 antenne 13-jointed, the third ae very long, the following
gradually shortening. . iviant...s ov. sAneyloneura, Cameron,
4. Antenne 16-jointed, longer shane the roan, Sh Lee incense Ge eit Or
Antenne g-It- jointed, shorier than the body. S oithiia'ec RHR adage ered Dratandlge
*Biol, Centr. Am. Hym., Vol, I., p. 60.
**Cameron placed this species in his genus Lofphyrordes.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227
5. Antenne g-jointed, the third joint as long as joints 4-6 united ;
second and third submarginal cells seh sie than the first.
RE eS oh otis arageyohaeee Magee : eno . Eurys, Newman.
Antennz tro-jointed, the third joint, Seartaty as long as joints
3-4 united ; second submarginal cell twice as long as the third.
PEDROS i 2) Ep ae . Acherocerus, Kirby.
Antenne II- seintéd, Abe hist ‘cine ibaa ei as long as the three
following joints united.
Second submarginal cell longer than either the first or third
united ; maxillary palpi 6-, labial palpi 4-jointed.
OE SE eee Senet, .Camptobrium, Spinola.
Second ecaicinsl cell ‘shanter than dher the first or third.
Maxillary palpi 4-, labial palpi 3-jointed.
On: ; .. Euryopsis, Kirby.
Mailer, mala 373 Jebel feats tr ak
Dado, s crane ceece eee ese
Middle and hind tibize without lateral spurs.
Antenne 5-jointed, ?; hind wings with one closed submarginal
and one closed discoidal cell...............Syzygonia, Klug.
(Type S. cyanocephala, Klug.)
Antenne 6-jointed, ?; hind wings with one closed submarginal
cell, but zo¢thout a closed discoidal cell..Syzygonidea, Ashm., n.g.
(Type S. cyanea, Brullé.)
5. Scutellum rounded behind, unarmed.
Antenne 7-jointed i2 eames. oy ee COTYNOph UNS. leirays
(=Cephalocera, Klug.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231
ae —__—_
Antenne 14-jointed, 2; third submarginal cell very small, less
than half the length of the second........Brachytoma, Westw.
Scutellum posteriorly bidentate.
Antenne 8-jointed (or ? more), clavate. @..Pterygophorus, Klug.
Antenne 18-jointed, in both sexes, filiform, subserrate, the third
joint longer than the fourth............ Philomastix, Froggatt.
Subfamily ILI.—PERGIN«.
In this subfamily the antennz are 6- or 7-jointed, clavate, and alike
in both sexes; the cubitus always originates from the subcostal vein
away from the apex of the basal nervure ; the costal vein is considerably
thickened ; while the transverse median nervure is interstitial, or very
nearly so, with the basal nervure.
These characters at once separate the group from the two preceding.
The larvz too, judging from what has been published respecting
them, are also quite different. Unfortunately, the published descriptions
of them are very superficial and one can gain little information respecting
their structure. Most of them seem to be black or brown, with yellow
markings and clothed with short white hairs, which would indicate an
affinity with the Se/andriide. According to Mr. R. H. Lewis and Mr.
W. W. Froggatt, they live on various species of gum trees belonging to
the genus Zuca/yptus — trees indigenous to Australia.
A most remarkable habit of maternal insect in the female of erga
Lewisii, Westw., and the only case known among the Terebrant Hymen-
optera, is recorded by Mr. Lewis.* He says: ‘‘ The larvae when hatched
are of a dirty green colour, with shining black heads ; they keep together
in the brood, arranging themselves in oval masses, their heads pointed
outwards ; but sometimes I have seen them arranged on both sides of
the leaves, their heads pointed towards the edges. . . . . ‘The
mother insect follows them, sitting with outstretched legs over hier brood,
preserving them from the heat of the sun, and protecting them from the
attacks of parasites and other enemies with admirable perseverance. I
endeavoured to drive some from their posts by pricking them with the
point of a black-lead pencil ; but they refused to leave, seizing whatever
was presented to them in their mandibles, no doubt very formidable
weapons when employed against their race. They never attempted to
use their wings or move from the spot.”
“Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., Vol. I., 1836; p. 232.
232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The genera are not numerous and may be separated as follows :
Table of Genera.
Hind wings with one closed submarginal cell.
Front wings with four submarginal cells.......................3.
Front wings with three submarginal cells...................... ar
2. First submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; antennz
Bajomnted .). ., descenicke Mares teed wis eke eee ek AT ADOT Gd VS a aie ee
(Type P. jucunda, Kirby.)
First and second submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure ;
antenne,7-jointed.... i 0/4. .65 ++... Pseudoperga, Ashm.,.n..¢-
(Type P. polita, Leach.)
3. Antenne 6-jointed, joints 3 to 5 of an equal length or nearly so ; head
subquadrate, scarcely so broad as the thorax ; first submarginal cell
not unustally smaall.... 21040 oe cies. Bt ate.) Maha Perga, Leach.
Antenne 7-jointed ; head very large quadrate, fully as broad or a little
broader than the thorax ; first submarginal cell very small, half the
length of the second, or smaller............Neoperga, Ashn.., n. g.
(Type P. amenaida, Kirby.)
DIASPIS AMYGDALI IN MASSACHUSETTS
BY R. A. COOLEY, B. S., AMHERST, MASS.
In January of this year Mr. A. H. Kirkland sent me specimens of a
scale insect he had taken from Prunus mume at the Arnold Arboretum,
Jamaica Plain, Mass., which on examination proved to be Déaspis
amygdali, Tryon. A little later Mr, Kirkland sent me more specimens
which he had taken from Prunus subhirtella at the Arboretum. Speci-
mens of the scale were sent to Dr. L. O. Howard, who confirmed my
identification, stating also that he had asked Mr. Coquillett to examine
the specimens and had received the report that he could find no difference
between them and Diaspis amygdali. The infested trees came from
Japan, the Prunus mume in the spring of 1894 and the Prunus sub-
hirtella in the spring of 1897.
These specimens, with others of the same species received from
various sources, have been compared with specimens of Chionaspis
prunicola, Maskell, received from the author of the species, without
finding the slightest difference. I therefore consider Chionaspis prunicola
a synonym of Déaspis amygdali, which has priority.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233
ADDITIONS TO MY SYNOPSIS OF THE TACHINID.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Since the publication of the above work several additional forms
have been examined, the result of which is recorded herewith. Dr.
S. H. Scudder kindly presented to the National Museum co-types of his
Tachina theclarum, and of many of the species described in his work on
the Butterflies of New England; in every case these conform to the
positions assigned them in my Synopsis.
Clistomorpha hyalomoides, Townsend, is a synonym of Xysta
didyma, Loew. It belongs to the genus Clytiomyia, of which Clisto-
morpha is therefore a synonym.
Cistogaster pallasii, Townsend, Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, 1891,
page 142. This reference was inadvertently omitted in the Synopsis. I
have not seen a specimen which agrees with this description.
Admontia hylotome, n. sp.—¢. Black, the palpi and apex of
proboscis yellow. Front.at narrowest part two-thirds as wide as either
eye, no orbital bristles, frontals descending to middle of second antennal
joint, antennz five-sevenths length of face, the third joint nearly twice as
long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate
joint broader than long ; sides of face at narrowest part each nearly one-
half as wide as the median depression, bearing numerous bristly hairs,
cheeks one-third as broad as the eye-height, vibrissz slightly above the
oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest third. Thorax gray pruinose, ,
marked with four black vitte ; three postsutural and three sternopleural
macrochaete, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a short
apical pair. Abdomen polished, last three segments gray pruinose at
their bases, bearing discal and marginal macrochaete. Wings hyaline,
slightly tinged with yellow along the veins, third vein bearing two or
three bristles near the base ; calypteres whitish. Hind tibize outwardly
subciliate, front pulvilli as long as the last tarsal joint, tarsi not dilated.
2 Differs from the ¢ as follows: Front as wide as either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, third segment of abdomen carinate on the under
side, the carina thickly beset with short spines ; front pulvilli one-half as
long as the last tarsal joint.
Length, 6 to g mm. Woods Holl, Mass. Bred from Hy/otoma
humeralis, Beauv., by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar. Three males and five
females. Type No. 4061, U.S. Nat. Museum.
234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Admontia unispinosa, n. sp.— Q. Differs from the 2 of hylotome
as follows: Apex of proboscis black. Front slightly wider than either
eye, frontals descending only a short distance below base of second
antennal joint, antennz four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint
from three to four times as long as the second, arista thickened on the
basal half, sides of face each one-fifth as wide as the median depression,
bearing a single row of bristly hairs, vibrissee at the oral margin.
Abdomen bearing only marginal macrochaetze, destitute of spines on the
under side. Wings not tinged with yellow along the veins, third vein
bearing a single bristle near its base. Length, 4 to 6mm. Opelousas,
La. Eight specimens collected in June, 1897, by Mr. G. R. Pilate, and
submitted by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No. 4062, U. S. Nat.
Museum.
Admontia tarsalis,n.sp.— 2. Differs from 2 of Zylotome as follows:
Apex of proboscis brown, basal half of antennze yellow. Front one-fifth
wider than either eye, antennz as long as the face, the third joint five
times as long as the second, sides of face each one-fifth as wide as the
median depression, bearing a row of macrochaetz in continuation of the
frontal row, vibrissee on a level with front edge of oral margin, ridges
bristly on the lower half. Abdomen destitute of spines on under side.
Front tarsi toward the apex greatly dilated. Length, 5 to 6 mm.
Opelousas, La. Two specimens collected in May and June, 1897, by
Mr. G. R. Pilate, and submitted by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No.
4063, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Admontia polita, n. sp.— 2. Differs from the description of Ayotome
9 as follows: Second joint of antennz yellow, apex of proboscis brown.
Frontal bristles descending only slightly below base of second antennal
joint, antennee almost as long as the face, the third joint three times as
long as the second, sides of face each one-third as wide as the median
depression, bearing a row of macrochaete, vibrissz on a level with front
edge of oral margin, only two or three bristles above each. Thorax
polished, not pruinose except along the sides, scutellum destitute of a
short apical pair of macrochaete. Abdomen not pruinose on the fourth
segment, destitute of spines on the under side, discal macrochaetz some-
times wanting. Length,5 to7 mm. Oswego, N. Y. (July 1 and 17, 1897;
Prof. Chas. S. Sheldon), and Jacksonville, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Seven specimens.
Dionea, Desv. (Synonym, Ladidigaster, Macq.)—This genus falls
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235
in the last couplet in my synoptic table, and will be recognized by having
a single bristle at base of the third vein, the head one and one-third times
as high as long, and the proboscis only once geniculate.
Dionea nitoris, n. sp.— . Black, the palpi yellow. Front of
male one-fifth, in the female four-fifths, as wide as either eye, frontal
bristles not descending beneath the base of second antennal joint, two
pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, antenne three-
fourths as long as the face, the third joint one and one-half times as long
as the second, arista thickened on the basal third ; vibrissze slightly above
the level of the front edge of the oral margin, one or two bristles above
each. Thorax polished, a median vitta in front of the suture and the
lateral margins, whitish pruinose, three postsutural and two sternopleural
macrochaete, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs. Abdomen
polished, without a trace of gray or whitish pruinosity, first segment one
and one-half times as long as the third, the first three bearing only
marginal macrochaetz, last segment in the female provided at its apex
with a pair of curved appendages resembling a pair of pincers. Tarsi not
dilated, front pulvilli of male slightly longer than, in the female scarcely
one-half as long as, the last tarsal joint. Wings gray, toward the base.
yellowish, along the posterior margin subhyaline, calypteres white. Length,
5mm. Corvallis, Oregon. A specimen of each sex collected July 16 and
Sept.16, 1896, by Mr. A. B. Cordley. Type No. 4065, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Chetophleps rostrata, n. sp.—@. Black, the lower part of the face
and apex of proboscis, yellow. Front slightly wider than either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, frontals déscending to middle of second antennal
joint, antennze nearly as long as the face, the third joint four times as long
as the second, arista thickened almost to the middle, face in profile
strongly concave, vibrissz on a level with front edge of oral margin, two
or three bristles above each, proboscis slender, the labella considerably
prolonged backward. ‘Thorax gray pruinose, marked with four black
vittee ; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochaete, scutellum
bearing three marginal pairs. Abdomen polished, bases of last three
segments gray pruinose, each segment bearing only marginal macro-
chaetee, venter destitute of short, stout spines. Tarsi not dilated, hind
tibize not ciliate. Wings hyaline, first vein bristly on its apical third, the
third bearing three bristles near its base, calypteres white. Length, 3 mm.
Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Opelousas, La. (Mr. G. R.
Pilate). Three specimens. Type No. 4066, U. S. Nat. Museum.
236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
HHypostena setinervis,n.sp.—@. Black, the palpi, apex of proboscis,
abdomen, coxz, femora and tibiz, yellow, the last two segments of the
abdomen partly tinged with brown. Front as wide as either eye, two
pairs of orbital bristles, frontals descending to apex of second antennal
joint, antenne as long as the face, the third joint six times as long as the
second, arista thickened almost to the middle, vibrisse on a level with
front edge of oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth. Thorax
gray pruinose, marked with four black vitte ; four postsutural and two
sternopleural macrochaete, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal
and a short apical pair. Abdomen polished, bases of last three segments
whitish pruinose, first three segments bearing only marginal macrochaete,
venter destitute of short, stout spines. Tarsi not dilated, hind tibiz sub-
ciliate. Wings hyaline, third vein bristly to slightly beyond the small
cross-vein, hind cross-vein nearer to the small than to bend of fourth vein,
calypteres white. Length, 5 mm. Biscayne Bay, Florida. A single speci-
men collected by Mrs. A.T.Slosson. Type No. 4067, U.S. Nat. Museum.
Exorista dorsalis, n. sp.—?. Black, the palpi and sometimes the
sides of the abdomen, except at each end, yellow. Front from three-fifths
to two-thirds as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontals
descending to apex of second antennal joint, sides of face and of front
in front of the orbitals silvery-white pruinose, antennz nearly as long as
face, the third joint from three to four times as long as the second, arista
thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint only slightly
longer than broad, facial ridges bristly on the lowest two-fifths, cheeks
one-sixth as broad as the eye-height. Thorax polished, having a strong
brassy tinge, without a trace of light coloured pruinosity on the dorsum ;
three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaete, scutellum bearing
three pairs of long marginal and a short apical pair. Abdomen somewhat
polished, thinly gray pruinose, last three segments bearing discal as well
as marginal macrochaete. Hind tibie outwardly ciliate, middle tibize
each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle.
Wings hyaline, third vein bearing from two to four bristles near its base,
bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage, calypteres whitish.
Length, 6 to 7 mm. North Mt., Pa. (Sept. 2, 1897; Mr. C. W. Johnson),
and Ga. Two specimens. Type No. 4068, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Brachycoma Sheldoni,n. sp.— 8 9. Black, a subtriangular spot out-
side of each vibrissa, brown, a yellow ring on the arista beyond the thick-
ened base. Front of male one-fourth as wide as in the female, as wide as
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AT
either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female wanting in the male,
frontals descending almost to base of second antennal joint, sides of face
bearing bristly hairs, and on the lower portion with several macrochaete,
antenne from slightly over two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the face,
the third joint only slightly longer than the second, arista long pubescent
on basal half, thickened on the basal fifth, vibrisse on a level with front
edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each, cheeks three-fifths
as broad as the eye-height. Thorax gray pruinose, marked with three
black vittz ; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaete,
scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs. Abdomen somewhat
polished, gray pruinose and with darker reflecting spots, last three seg-
ments bearing only marginal macrochaete. Middle tibiz each bearing
two or three macrochaete on the front side near its middle, front pulvilli
of male as long as the last tarsal joint. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow
at the base, costal spine longer than the small cross-vein, third vein
bristly at least half-way to the small cross-vein, calypteres white. Length,
8 to1omm. Oswego, N. Y. One maie and three females collected in
July and August, 1895 and 1896, by Prof. Charles S. Sheldon, after whom
the species is named. Type No. 4069, U. S. Nat. Museum.
ON SOME SMALL BEES FROM ARIZONA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, MESILLA, N. M.
Some time ago Prof. C. F. Baker sent me a lot of small bees
collected by Dr. R. E. Kunzé at Phoenix, Arizona, May 12, 1897, ‘‘on
willows and various low herbs.” I have examined these with interest, as
they belong to genera not recorded from that region ; they prove to be as
follows :
(1.) Perdita salicis, Ckll., 1896.—¢. 9. Very many specimens,
(2.) Prosapis mesille, Ckll., 1896.—A few, mostly males.
(3.) Halictus meliloti, Ckll., 1895.—One 2°.
(4.) Halictus pseudotegularis, Ckll., 1896.—On April 12, 1897, I
took at flowers of Sisymbrium, in Mesilla, N. M.,a single Hadictus which
differed decidedly from Illinois teguZaris, but, to my surprise, almost
agreed with the Mexican 1 pseudotegu/aris, except that the wings were
clear. Now, among the Arizona bees I find examples of pseudotegularis
with slightly dusky wings, as in the type of that species ; the second sub-
marginal cell is noticeably smaller than in fegudaris, and receives the
recurrent nervure further from its end.
238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
(5.) Hatictus Kunzei,n. sp.—@Q. Length hardly 5 mm.; head and
thorax shining olive green, abdomen ferruginous, the apical two-fifths
blackish. Head rather large, considerably broader than thorax, finely
and rather closely punctured, facial quadrangle nearly as broad as long ;
face with only a few scattered hairs on its lower part; flagellum ferrugi-
nous beneath, except at base ; clypeus with its apex darkened, its disc
smooth, with only a few scattered punctures ; mandibles ferruginous
except at base; thorax almost entirely nude. Short white hairs on hind
part of metathorax and lower part of pleura ; mesothorax and scutellum
very shiny, punctured at the sides, the punctures becoming scattered
centrad, leaving the disc smooth, nearly impunctate ; basal enclosure of
metathorax semilunar, with fairly strong ruge ; pleura well punctured ;
tegule testaceous ; wings hyaline, faintly yellowish, subcostal nervure
black, other nervures and stigma honey-colour ; third submarginal cell
bulging outwardly, narrowed much less than one-half to marginal; legs
piceous, with thin white pubescence, knees and tarsi somewhat paler and
more ferruginous ; spurs pallid, hind spur of hind tibize with large teeth ;
abdomen of the usual form, shining, impunctate, naked, with a very little
pubescence at the end ; ventral surface ferruginous, with very little hair.
The cheeks are broad, but not produced below. One @. Known from
the few species of similar coloration by the smooth, not granular, meso-
thorax, etc. It is perhaps nearest to HZ ¢mpurus, Cr., but differs by the
scanty pubescence of face, colour of nervures, etc.
(6.) Ceratina arizonensis, n. sp.—g. Length about 3% mm.,,
shining black; face narrow, entirely ivory white up to level of antenne,
except the supraclypeal area, which is black ; lateral sutures of clypeus
marked by a black line; anterior edge of clypeus with a dark spot on
each side ; labrum ivory-colour, with a dark spot on each side ; mandibles
black, ferruginous towards ends, but dark at tip; vertex smooth and
impunctate, occiput with strong, large punctures ; cheeks smooth and
impunctate, except quite posteriorly; flagellum brown; mesothorax
punctured in front and along hind margin, centrally impunctate ; scutellum
punctured ; base of metathorax minutely striate-granular, more or less
tessellate ; tarsi pale ferruginous, anterior tarsi more or less white
in front; anterior tibia white in front, brownish-ferruginous behind ;
anterior femora black, apex and a stripe beneath for the apical two-thirds,
white ; four hind knees white, the white continued as a stripe on the
tibie ; tubercles white; wings rather dull hyaline, strongly iridescent,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 239
nervures and stigma piceous or dark brown; abdomen punctate, apex
broadly truncate, the truncation slightly concave.
Several specimens. This species does not resemble any of those
described from North America. In its black colour, and the truncate apex
of the abdomen, it resembles the European C. cucurditina, Rossi. In
the pale face it resembles C. Marawitzti, Sickm., and C. flavipes, Sm,
from China. It is therefore a species of unusual interest.
A NEW SQUASH BUG.
BY F. H. CHITTENDEN, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In the course of an investigation of insects affecting cucurbits, begun
in a preliminary way in the season of 1897, as a part of the official work
of the Division of Entomology of the Department of Agriculture, it was
found that we have in addition to the common squash bug, Anasa tristis,
DeG., a second species sufficiently resembling it as to have readily
escaped the notice of the average observer, but at the same time quite
distinct in all its stages. This species is Anasa armigera, Say, and it
was first observed on cucurbits by the writer July 12, near Colonial Beach,
Va., where it occurred on cucumbers. Afterward it was taken by the
writer and Mr. F. C. Pratt, of the Division of Entomology, who has assisted
in field investigations and collections on different cucurbits, at Ballston,
Va., Poolesville and Seat Pleasant, Md., and on the Conduit Road and
at Tenleytown, D.C. At the last mentioned place it occurred in great
abundance on a late crop of cucumbers and watermelons. As late as the
2gth of September, all stages of the insect were found, including the egg.
The present year the species was found to be nearly as abundant in some
localities as.the common squash bug. Such was the case at Marshall
Hall, Md., and in one locality in the District of Columbia. It was also
observed on squash at College Station and Kensington, Md., and on
cucumber at Cabin John, Md.
Anasa armigera appears to have very much the same habits as its
more common congener, preferring squash of all cultivated plants, but
feeding on canteloupe and other curcurbits when squash is not available.
It is noticeably more active than ¢rstzs, flying freely in the hot sunshine
and exposing itself on the upper surface of the leaves in midday. It also
has a later season, appearing three weeks later, according to recent
observations, and remaining in the field after the common species has
gone into hibernation, Evidently it is a southern form, and perhaps has
240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
not till recently been present in such numbers as we now know it to be
in and about the District of Columbia. It has not, to my knowledge,
been taken in this neighbourhood prior to 1884, when a single individual
was captured by Mr. Otto Heidemann, in the District of Columbia. Now
it is present here wherever curcurbits are grown, and it has come to stay
if the last two seasons are a criterion. A number of these bugs were
placed on a squash plant on the Department grounds the 1st of October,
1897, and the following July several were collected there that had very
evidently survived the winter from this lot, as there is little possibility
that they flew in from some outside source.
The species has been sent in through correspondents of the Depart-
ment but once. August 5, 1898, specimens were received from Mr.
H. J. Gerling, with report that they were taken on cucumber at St.
Charles, Mo.
For the identification of this species, it should be said that it is of
nearly the same size as ¢ris¢7s, but may be easily distinguished by its
broader prothorax and more prominent angles, the reflected sides of the
abdomen, showing four prominent white marks on the hemelytra, and its
armed femora, whence is derived its specific name. The upper surface
is brown, the legs and first joints of the antennz whitish, spotted and
irrorated with black. In front of each eye is an acute porrect spine.
The egg is of nearly the same size and proportions as that of frés¢zs,
but it is much lighter in colour, being light golden bronze instead of dark
bronzy brown, the normal colour of the latter. In its active stages, how-
ever, it is quite distinct, being lighter in colour, with the legs ornamented
by alternate bands of red or black and white.
It is impossible at present to define the exact economic status of this
species. Certainly it is not a first-class pest in its northern range, and,
from its observed later appearance, hardly likely to become so. It is
capable, however, of injuring late crops of all the curcurbits.
In addition to the localities mentioned, the species is known from
Kansas, Western Iowa, and Florida.
It is hoped that the readers of this publication who have opportunity
of observing curcurbit insects will keep a lookout for this squash bug, and
send specimens, if they are successful in securing them, that we may be
able to identify the species and thus learn more of its distribution.
Specimens will be returned if desired.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241
NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MYRMELIONID&.
BY ROLLA P. CURRIE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
ELE.
BRACHYNEMURUS HUBBARDII, new species.
Male.—Length, 46 mm.; expanse of wings, 49.5 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6 mm.; length of antenna, 9 mm. Very slender;
yellow, marked with dark fuscous; sparsely hairy, more thickly on
abdomen.
Face scarcely convex, yellowish ; above, a broad pitchy-black band,
notched in middle below, extending around the antenne on outer side; a
faint fuscous line extends from centre of notch almost to clypeus ; furrow
between face and inner orbit of the eye, fuscous. Circumocular area
yellowish, except along depressed portion of the vertex, where it is dark
fuscous, and below, near maxillary palpiger, where there is a black spot.
Clypeus yellowish, with a few coarse black hairs. Labrum transverse,
rounded laterally and narrowed anteriorly, somewhat emarginate in front,
yellowish, slightly tinged with rufous, several coarse dark hairs on
anterior border. Mandibles piceous, black at tips; on inner edge, near
apex, a tooth.
Maxillary palpi yellowish, slightly tinged with rufous apically ; first
two joints short, subequal, about as broad as long ; third joint somewhat
longer than first two together, perceptibly curved, enlarged apically ;
fourth joint straight, a little shorter than third; last joint somewhat
longer than third, subcylindrical, truncate at tip, and slightly notched.
Labial palpi about same length as maxillary, yellowish; first joint
not quite twice as long as broad, enlarged apically ; second joint more
than twice as long as first, slightly curved, strongly widened and thickened
apically ; third joint about same length as second, fusiform, faintly hairy,
tinged with rufous around ocelloid spot and on tip; the latter fine,
truncate, slightly notched.
Maxillary palpigers yellowish, with some dark fuscous_ spots.
Labium, labial palpigers, mentum and gula yellowish, the latter clouded
with fuscous ; the mentum bears a long, coarse, black bristle and a few
black hairs.
Antenne clavate, longer than head and thorax ; fuscous, articulations
yellowish, more distinctly so on basal joints; clothed with very short,
242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
stiff hairs ; first and second antennal joints piceous, yellowish at bases
and apices; a yellowish crescent bounds base of first joint in front.
Between the antenne posteriorly, a narrow transverse yellowish band.
Vertex elevated behind, rounded, yellowish ; in front, on depressed
portion and anterior part of elevated portion, dark fuscous ; longitudinal
median furrow and an irregular spot each side, behind, dark fuscous.
Pronotum as broad as long at base, somewhat narrowed anteriorly,
yellowish; anterior angles rounded, front margin slightly emarginate ;
four longitudinal dark fuscous lines.* Lateral carinze yellowish. Below
yellowish; on each side, at base of anterior legs, a dark fuscous spot,
produced anteriorly aiong the carina.
Mesonotum yellowish ; lobes moderately elevated, marked similarly
to those of B. g-punctatus.t Sides and beneath yellowish, marked
with fuscous.
Metanotum yellowish, lobes less elevated than those of mesonotum ;
marked much as those of &. ¢-punctatus ; the two longitudinal lines
which unite to form the ‘‘U” and heart-shaped markings in the latter,
however, approach medially, but do not meet, in this species, giving the
appearance of a letter ‘‘X” when viewed from a distance. Sides and
beneath yellowish, marked with fuscous.
Abdomen longer than wings, yellowish, a fuscous stripe each side, on
dorsum and venter ; the dorsal stripe is separated from the ventral by the
lateral suture only ; a longitudinal median fuscous stripe on venter on
basal segments. A longitudinal median fuscous line, also, on dorsum of
apical segments. All markings of apical segments more extended so as
to make these segments almost entirely fuscous.
Tip of abdomen luteous, clouded with fuscous ; clothed with long
dark hairs ; appendages one-half the length of seventh segment, slender,
somewhat flattened laterally, divergent on apical half; luteous, clouded
with fuscous, clothed with coarse black bristles ; between the appendages
below, a short triangular fuscous plate.
Legs short and slender, yellowish, beset with numerous black hairs
*On the female specimen, the outer lines are nearly interrupted at the transverse
furrow.
tCan. ENT., XXX., 5, 1898, p. 138. These markings seem to be, in a rough
way, continuations of the four longitudinal lines of the pronotum,
{This seems to be the ventral projection of the sh ort eighth segment.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243
and some caarse black spines (most of which latter are black, the rest
luteous) ; tibize each with a transverse piceous line on outer side near
base ; sometimes clouded with piceous at articulations with femora ;
ringed with piceous at their apices. Tibial spurs as long as first two
tarsal joints, in anterior and middle legs (in posterior, somewhat shorter) ;
slightly curved, rufo-piceous. ‘Tarsal joints piceous at their apices ;
claws considerably more than half the length of last tarsal joint,
moderately curved, rufo-piceous.
Wings of moderate size, hyaline, the posterior margins sinuate
apically ; venation hairy. Pterostigma small, luteous, reaching forward
only half way to the costal margin. Intercostals in apical half of anterior
wings forked, a somewhat less number forked in posterior wings. Veins
luteous, interrupted, principally at junctures with other veins, with fuscous.
Anterior wings with series of small fuscous spots or cloudings,
principally along anterior side of submedian vein and posterior side of
the first longitudinal vein above it; a few spots and cloudings also at tip
of submedian vein, at bases of smaller forks, and along veins near
posterior border; posterior wings quite a little shorter than anterior,
immaculate. Postertor borders of both wings fringed with fine hairs.
Female.-—Length, 28 mm.; expanse of wings, 49.5 mm.; greatest
width of anterior wing, 6.3 mm.; length of antenna, 6 mm.
Antenne more clavate than in male. Abdomen a little shorter than
wings ; marked similarly to that of the male, but the mid-dorsal stripe
exists on all the segments, while the mid-ventral stripe of basal segments
is absent. Tip of abdomen luteous, clothed above with long black hairs ;
superior parts split; inferior part beset with coarse, blunt, black spines ;
below, two small cylindrical luteous appendages, three times as long as
broad, with some very long, black hairs or bristles. Anterior wings
almost immaculate, a few very small faint cloudings along submedian and
post-costal veins.
Type.—No. 4070, U. S. National Museum. One male specimen
collected at Fort Grant, Arizona, July 22, 1897, by Mr. Henry G.
Hubbard.
No. 4070 a, U. S. National Museum. One female, with same locality
and date, collected by Mr. Hubbard.
A handsome little species, resembling somewhat, in general appear-
ance, L. abdominalis (Say).
244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NEW COCCID.
BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL.
Eriococcus adenostome, NX. sp.
2 enclosed in an oval (at one end more or less pointed) sac about
3 mm. long and 114% mm. broad, woolly, snow-white, of uniform texture.
? oval, about half again as long as broad, dark purple, turning bright
crimson when placed in K. H. O. Body about 14% mm. long. Antenne
light brown, 7-jointed, formula: approximately (347) (12) 56, joint 3 equal
5+6. Most of the joints with hairs; joint 7 with several comparatively
long hairs.
Legs light brown, large and stout. Each joint with one or more
bristles. Femur quite swollen. ‘Tarsus a trifle longer than tibia. Claw
stout and curved. Both tarsus and claw with long filiform digitules.
Posterior tubercles short and rounded, with one very long, stout
bristle and two shorter ones on their outer margin. Anal ring large, with
eight long bristles. Derm colourless, with quantities of small spines and
rounded glands distributed all over the dorsum,
Sac of ¢ smaller and narrower than that of the 92, colour more
creamy.
Hab.—On Adenostoma fasciculatum, in the mountains, near Moun-
tain View, Cal.
Lecanium pubescens, n. sp.
2 scale about 4 mm. long, 2% broad, and 2 mm. high, moderately
soft, before gestation covered with very soft hair. Colour blackish-brown,
more on the black, with a yellow longitudinal band on the dorsum.
Dorsum pitted and margin slightly wrinkled. Some specimens show a
lighter colour. When removed from twig the insect leaves a small
amount of white powder.
Derm by transmitted light colourless, except margin, which is light
brown, with numerous small round gland pores. Margin with a
double row of minute simple spines, lateral incisions with one moder-
ately stout spine and two short ones. Anal plates large, outer corner
forming a right angle, with several hairs at tip and a long, stout hair on
each plate. Anogenital ring with six long, stout hairs. Legs slender.
Tibia and tarsus about equal. Femur a little longer than tibia. Coxa,
trochanter and femur each with a hair. Claw curved, with slender
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245
knobbed digitules. Tarsal digitules with very fine, long, knobbed hairs.
Antenne 7-jointed, formula: 43 (12) 7 (56). Joint 4 very little longer
than 3. Joint, 1, 2, 4, 6 each with a hair; joint 7 with several hairs.
$ scale glassy white with median ridge, about 114 mm. long.
¢ body dark red-brown, legs and antenne light brown. Wings
extend 4% beyond body, colour iridescent. Thorax with two elevated
ridges much darker than body. Antenne very hairy.
Hab.—On Quercus sf., in the mountains, near Mountain View, Cal.
Lecanium Crawit, 0. sp.
2 scales not crowding each other; hemispherical, about 3 mm. long,
2 mm. broad and 1% mm. high, oval, shiny, brown, getting darker with
age. Margin generally lighter than dorsum.
2 before gestation light brown, shiny. Derm, by transmitted light,
brown, with numerous oval gland orifices. Marginal hairs very short and
slender. Lateral incisions each with three stout but not long spines.
Antenne 7-jointed, 3 longest, twice as long as 4. Joints 5 and 6 very
short. Joints 1 and 2 about equal. Formula: 347 (12) 56. Anal plates
broad but not very large. Anogenital ring with six moderately slender
hairs. Legs quite stout. Coxa and femur with stout hair. Femur very
little longer than tibia. Tibia and tarsus about equally long. Claw stout
and curved. Tarsal digitules moderately stout, knobbed hairs. Digitules
of claw not stout, a little longer than claw, more or less club-shaped.
Larva light yellow, with distinct ridge on dorsum dividing scale
lengthwise. Oval, about twice as long as broad. Rostral loop extending
to third pair of legs.
Hab.—On Acer macrophyllum, in the mountains, near Mountain
View, Cal.
Comys fusca was reared from this species.
Lecanium ventrale, n. sp.
? scale about 4% mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 1 mm. high. Oval
when seen from above. Soft texture, very much like Z. hesperidum ; light
brown, not very convex, and a dark brown border near margin. Dorsum
pitted and margin moderately wrinkled, an indistinct mesial ridge.
? colour greenish-yellow, with a brown longitudinal line on the
dorsum, also two brown lines forming a double cross with the dorsal line,
more or less wrinkled and pitted. Ventral view shows the abdomen
246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a dark purple-brown with very distinct segmentation. Viviparous.
After boiling in soda, derm colourless. Margin with small curved
spines. Lateral incisions with long, stout, curved spine and two shorter
ones. Anal plates large, with blunt tips, bearing several hairs and notched
on outer margin, together forming a square. Each plate has a distinct
brown projection into the body. Anogenital ring with six hairs, which
are very long, extending 2% over the plates. Legs stout, coxa and femur
each with a stout hair. Femur % longer than tibia. Tarsal digitules
long, knobbed hairs, digitules of claw broad and thick. Claw stout and
curved. Antenne 7-jointed, formula: 34721 (56). Joints 1 and 2 with
two hairs each. Joints 4, 5,6 and 7 with several hairs. Joint 3 very little
longer than 4. Joints 5 and 6 equal... Larva lemon-yellow, very flat,
shiny, oval, about twice as long as broad.
Hab.—On ¢uberous plant in Japanese Nursery, at San José, Cal.
Encyrtus flavus and Coccophagus ¢/ecanit were reared from this
species.
SUPPLEMENTARY Note, AND NOTICE OF A NEw ERIOcOCCUS.
BY. 2. D, A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP, SPA.
Mr. Ehrhorn has been so kind as to send me examples of all his new
species above described, and I have also been allowed to examine his
type slides. The following remarks are offered as a result of the exami-
nation of this material. The measurements of antennz and legs given
are all in thousandths of a millimetre:
Eriococcus adenostome, Ehrh.—This is a distinct little species, with
a pure white sac.
The following measurements will help to separate several of our
species of Hrzococcus :
Antenne of adult female: Segments— I 2 Baths 5 6 7 Formula.
EF. adenostome, Ehrh:.......... Ramee SNES.) 25-0 Onn lO, mea bene S724) ((50))s
A. Heplerius, Ek llicre a. Sie cies DOSES 35. Vl Lael Ae ye ne eee Ob As
LE. UCT CUS gt COMMS eval te sere tele MMAgia 53s. SO. e22.pe 25a 142s weed erore
EF Tinsteyi, CM, is Sps (2). Seek 5 | 45. 2S TOs S25. aAnatog a.
" " " (G) in soto EZR TOU,: TO. ele eet2 One miu (20) fine
Of course there is considerable variation, and these figures merely
represent average specimens selected. The first segment is more or less
ringlike, and its length could not be well measured.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247
Anterior leg of adult female: Tibia, Tarsus (excl. claw). Claw.
E, adenostome, Ehrh........ 84. go, 28.
Pa eS TECLUS 41 Kllinere eee ete 62. 76. 22.
2. guercus, Gomst.\. 2.1... sh Gs 76. 28.
He hensieve Ekle Spiea eos 107. eH
In adenostome the femur is very stout ; length 118, breadth 64.
The £. guercus studied was found by Mr. Quaintance on Quercus
aguatica, at Lake City, Florida, Jan. 12.
Ertococcus Tinsleyi, Ckll., n. sp., was found by Prof. J. D. Tinsley,
April 30th, 1898, on roots of Atriplex canescens, close to the Agricultural
College at Mesilla Park, New Mexico. The sac is 4 mm. long, of the
ordinary form and texture of the genus; yellowish-white. Female
removed from ovisac plump, 3 mm. long, nearly 2 broad, not tapering
behind, delicately and very thinly pubescent, pale brown with a purple
tinge, two purplish dorsal bands faintly indicated. Legs and antenne
light brown. Antennze sometimes with 6, sometimes with 7, segments, as
above. The 9, placed in K. H. O., immediately turns brilliant crimson,
Larva pale sage green, naked. Immature 9? purplish-gray, quite
bristly with white filaments, or it may be better to say, thinly but con-
spicuously beset with short white bristles. Eggs pale lemon yellow.
Allied to 2. dudius, Ckll.
Lecanium pubescens, Ehrhorn, isa Luldecanium related to L. guercifex,
Fitch, but differing in the smaller size, and the details of the legs and
antennz. Under a high power the skin is seen to be minutely tessellate,
in the manner usual in the subgenus.
L. Crawii, Ebrh., is also a Eulecanitum. it has a good deal of
superficial resemblance to Z. nigrofasciatum, Pergande, ined., being of
about the same size and shape, though of a different co!our.
L. ventrale, Ebrh., is related to Z. acuminatum, Sign., but differs in
the longer tarsus.
The following tables will assist in the recognition of these species :
Antenne of adult female: Segments— I Pay pie? 4 5 6 7 Formula.
Dip Pubescens a \oc\s ioe) Boa ed 45: . 45a, O47 sank33i, 125 aes aan tone.
De CROGUTE wilgts sane «(5-225 Zin aoe OTTO sus Bema ree ero © ele
DE UCHITKLIGL P Make cot cc is. 8) 28. 307 SOAR 730) 222 2h ARS dara T Gn.
Anterior leg of adult female : Tibia. Tarsus (excl, claw). Claw.
VERE UD ESCEIUS 1.10) tered eke staat ects 118, 84. 19.
LE ORLOE Ea stake iisorevare a ro eee 95. 70
UE ICHILOIG a. «, «teeta aU LOANS HR 16.
248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
CORRESPONDENCE.
FOOD PLANT OF EUPHANESSA MENDICA.
On page 227, Vol. III, Canapian EntTomo oaist, I find note of
Mr. Saunders’s unsuccessful endeavours to find the food plant of this
species, and no record of the food plant is contained in Bulletin No. 35
of the United States National Museum, “ Bibliographical Catalogue of
the Described Transformations of North American Lepidoptera,” by
Henry Edwards. I offer the following information upon this matter:
While picking the common violet, something dropped from one of the
leaves, and as the leaf was considerably eaten I at once made careful
search. I found a larva in the form of an eye (such as is used by dress-
makers) among and hardly distinguishable from dried grasses and twigs,
except by its peculiar form. I gathered nine or ten of these, in different
stages, and reared them to maturity. The larva, so far as I can remem-
ber, having made no notes, varies very little in form or colour in any of its
stages. The larvae are very easily reared. The chrysalis is formed
between twigs or leaves knit together by several silken threads, in which
state it remains about ten days. Frank Lucock, Pittsburg, Pa.
Dr. O. Hormann, Uber die Anordnung der borstentragenden Warzen
bei der Raupen der Pterophoriden.
Prof. Grote has kindly sent me a copy of this article by Dr. Hofmann,
published in the “ Illustrierte Zeitschrift fir Entomologie.” Dr. Hofmann
gives figures showing the arrangement of the warts in the larve of certain
Pterophoride. He shows that the sete may vary from single to multiple,
that tubercles i. and ii. may be separate or united and that iv. and v. may
be separate (fig. 7). On the basis of this variation, he criticises the value
of the larval characters in classification, saying, ‘‘ After we have seen how
many modifications the normal type of wart formation may undergo in
the small, well-limited family Pterophoridze, which is evidently a natural
family, we cannot give the same high systematic value to it as Dyar does,”
etc. Dr. Hofmann has encountered an extreme case; but it does not
invalidate my larval classification, as he seems to think. I have not con-
tended that family characters were strongly marked in the larve, though
they are often well indicated. My contention has been for the super-
family groups, and these are not in any way invalidated by Dr. Hofmann’s
facts, as a reference to my definitions will show.
Harrison G. Dyar.
Mailed September 12th, 1898.
Canadian Fontomolonist.
Vot. pen ‘LONDON, OCTOBER, 1898. No. 10.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR
THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
(Paper No. 5.)
FAMILY IX.—SELANDRIIDA.
After the removal of the Strongylogasterine, which, to a certain
extent, form a connecting link between this family and the Tenthredinide,
but which, on account of their elongate shape and their cephalic and
abdominal characteristics, I have placed with the latter family rather than
retain here, there need be no difficulty in separating the Selandriide
from all the other families by the characters made use of in my table.
The species have a peculiar “aditus quite their own, and with a
little care one may easily recognize a Selandriid without even the trouble
of an examination.
The head is more transverse, the temples much narrower, not nearly
so quadrate as in the Strongylogasterinz ; the antenne are shorter, the
scape or first joint not or rarély much longer than the pedicel or second
joint ; the wings are proportionately shorter and broader, the costal vein
being much dilated or broadened towards the apex, before the stigma ;
while the abdomen is much shorter, broader and oviform.
I have separated the family into four subfamilies, distinguished as
follows :
Table of Subfamilies.
Lanceolate cell petiolate (in only a single genus Kadiosysphinga = Pseudo-
dineura, Konow, does it appear contracted, but in this genus the anal
vein is faint or sub-obsolete before uniting with the submedian vein, while
the anal cell in the hind wing is wanting)...Subfamily I., Blennocampine.
Lanceolate cell contracted before the middle, but still open, and some-
times with an oblique or transverse nervure between it and the apex.
Antenne 4-jointed, the third joint very long, the fourth or last very
TAYE Cre es a eek Rh akee Ree .. Subfamily IT., Blasticotoming,
bo
or
S
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Antenne 7-15-jointed (in a single case 22-jointed), the third joint
not unusually ae often shorter or not longer than the
fourth . ihe Misses .. Subfamily III., Selandriine.
Lanceolate an Bertracted 3 at or a little hele the middle, and completely
ClOSEM Iie re. on ee gb gO Ree ous DE DIAR LY, Loplaecamepmia.
Subfamily I.--BLENNOCAMPINA2.
The distinctly petiolated lanceolate cell in the front wings readily
distinguishes this group. The anal vein is usually entirely wanting ; in
only two or three genera is it present, and with these genera some diffi-
culty might arise in placing, since this vein curves upwards towards the
submedian, and thus resembles somewhat the contracted lanceolate cell
of the Hoplocampine. ‘The vein, however, does not quite attain the sub-
median, and there is always a distinct space between them.
Table of Genera.
Front wings with four submarginal cells. es IPRA Sere oY. |
Front wings with three submarginal cae the ans transverse cubitus
wanting, rarely with the second transverse cubitus wanting.
Hind. wings with ‘two discal celisity eases cuca cosas lene ete
Hind wanes without distal cells iin nee api etok, ode enn toy
2. Antemnget L-t4jOinted .c:.ckos Gs .0 de eae eee oe, 2 enella,, Westie
Antenne g-jointed.
Hind wings witha distinct anal cell...........Fenusa, Leach.
Hind wings without an anal cell... .... Kaliosysphinga, Tischb.
(= Pseudodineura, Konow.)
3. Front wings with the second transverse cubitus wanting; head
transverse ; clypeus anteriorly truncate...... Pelmatopus, Hartig.
Front wings with the first transverse cubitus wanting; head
large, quadrate, the temples broad; clypeus anteriorly deeply
emarginate ; antenne densely hairy, the third joint nearly as
long as joints 4-5 united.................Xemapates, Cameron.
Second recurrent nervure joining the third submarginal cell......5.
5. Eyes extending to base of mandibles or at most with only a linear
space between. WAS eC ; : Sen aor es
Eyes more or (ees isan fain ae Ne mancibles: ith a aistinen
space between....... whee oF s oie tempeh folays ibaa heecaneeennIaS
6. Hind wings not Sip aanRen ee a Butane nervure at apex...... Wr
Hind wings surrounded by a bordering nervure at apex.
No discal cell in hind wings ; claws bifid or with a tooth within,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251
Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, petiolate or
Subpetiolates’ Gipi io tawcrd oe ayaa tons . Periclista, Konow.
Anal cell in hind wings fully as iene as the ma
median. ¢.... Sere... Tsedyetiim, Ashm.
7. Hind wings withcut a eideed dive cell Ee... . Me OS ae 9.
Hind wings with a closed discal cell.
Claws simple, or with a very minute, scarcely perceptible tooth
Within foe. a PES. Ctcacrere wen rane
Claws cleft, or with a slap tooth ater
Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian cell.
Transverse median nervure in hind wings received by
the discal cell at or somewhat deyond the middle ;
sheaths of ovipositor equally thickened and more
or less obliquely pointed at apex; third joint of
antennze almost as a as joints 4-5 united.
Dee 50 SAU gd eee eae ie . Periclista, Konow.
Transverse median nervure in bind wings received by
the discal cell defore the middle ; sheaths of oviposi-
tor produced at apex into a thorn-like tip.
ch SL a eee Faia el . Ardis, Konow.
Anal cell in hind wings as wilboe as fi auiubpeiee.
eens e 4 algat ale cate) Hang Rie eee ieaye st ius» Leen N
~I
[ory
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Type.—No. 4073, U. S. National Museum. One male specimen
collected by the author at Fountain, Yellowstone National Park, August
10, 1896.
No. 4073a, U.S. National Museum. One female specimen collected
by the author at Sage Creek, Wyoming, July 28, 1896.
Co-types.—Collection, U.S. National Museum. One male collected
at Dunsmuir, California, by Mr. H. F. Wickham ; one male collected in
Los Angeles County, California, in September, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett ;
two females with no labels; one female from Los Angeles County,
California, collection of D. W. Coquillett.
The female of this species resembles B. ziger, but is lighter coloured,
the wing markings are lighter and less extended, and the labial palpi are
normal.
A BRIGHT RED: PARASITE OF COCCIDZ:.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.
Aphycus Howardi, n. sp.—. Length about 1 mm.; entirely
bright scarlet, except the brown antennal club, sage-green eyes, and
white tarsi; with the apical portion dusky. Wings dull hyaline, with a
dark cloud ending at stigmal vein, whitish just beyond and hyaline at
tip. Scape not dilated, club about or almost as long as the four joints
before it. Mesonotum and scutellum with numerous short white hairs,
mesonotum with no naked spots ; mesopleura very delicately shagreened,
with no longitudinal impressions.
Hab.—Mesilla Park, New Mexico; bred from Lyrzococcus Tinsleyt,
Ckll., on Atriplex canescens ; collected by Prof. J. D. Tinsley. Emerged
August 6th, and some days following. The colour of this beautiful little
Aphycus is just like that of Perdita luteola when reddened by cyanide,
and I should certainly have considered it as due to the same cause, had I
not seen the species alive. The original type is now in the U. S. Nat.
Museum ; two or three others were bred after the description had been
written. A. Howardi is named after Dr. L. O. Howard, in recognition
of his valuable work on the parasites of Coccide. He has now in press
a revision of the genus Aphycus, and the present insect was found just too
late to be included in it. He has very kindly informed me that it is
distinct from all the species known to him or published by others, and
has given me some notes on its specific peculiarities,
nN
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. O77
NEW SPECIES OF SAPROMYZIDZ.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Genus SAPROMYZA.
Wings: hyaline, ramMmarked |. 1 oS ste eae on ane meee bee date sg Se
Wings brown along the costa, the small and the posterior cross-
veins ; body and its members, except the wings, yellow, antennal
arista brown, second joint of hind tarsi sometimes black ; three
pairs of dorso-centrals, one of acrostichals, and two sternopleural
HANAN CASE O RCo glee csc cn 3 cate Mera eater ater meen lak. «3, Sana meee eee ane ae
Costa and apex of wing, from the base to beyond apex of fourth vein,
broadly bordered with brown, which is widely separated from the
brown of the crossveins ; second joint of hind tarsi yellow, third
antennal joint oval, one and one-third times as long as wide, arista
with a scarcely perceptible pubescence. Length, 3.5 mm. Chiric
Mts., Ariz. A female specimen collected May 31, 1897, by Mr. H.
G. Hubbard. Type No. 4082, U.S. Nat. Museum. Hudbardii, n. sp.
Costa and apex of wing, from slightly beyond humeral crossvein to
beyond apex of fourth vein, broadly bordered with brown, which is
connected with the brown of the small crossvein, and sends a spur
which almost reaches the hind crossvein ; second joint of hind
tarsi yellow, third joint of antennz elongate oval, almost twice as
long as wide, arista short plumose. Length, 3 mm. Oswego, N.Y.
A female specimen collected August 1, 1895, by Prof. Chas, A.
Sapidan.g “hype: No. 4083)... eager ae bibs > a elearas, TSP,
Costa and apex of wing, from tip of auxiliary vein to beyond apex
of the fourth, broadly bordered with brown, except a short space
between the apices of the second and third veins, where the brown
is very narrow ; the brown sends a spur to the small crossvein and
another which aimost reaches the brown of the hind crossvein ;
second joint of hind tarsi black, third antennal joint oval, one and
one-half times as long as broad, arista short plumose. Length,
3-5 mm. New Bedford, Mass. A male specimen collected by Dr.
Garry de N. Hough. Type No. 4084............Moughii, n. sp.
3. Face, pleura and scutellum destitute of round black spots........4.
Face marked with one, pleura and scutellum each with two black
spots ; yellow, an ocellar dot, first two joints of antenne, spot on
lower edge of face, one near middle of mesopleura, another on
front end of sternopleura, one on each side of middle of scutellum,
278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and a basal one on each side of the third, fourth and fifth abdominal
segments, black ; a brown dorsal line on the last three abdominal
segments, and indications of one on the mesonotum ; two pairs of
dorso-centrals, no acrostichals, one sternopleural macrocheta ;
third antennal joint oval, one and one-half times as long as wide.
Length, 3 mm. _ Biscayne Bay, Fla. A female specimen collected
by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Type No. 4085..........Slossone, n. sp.
4. Mesonotum opaque black or yellowish....... nach abe tele Sp
Mesonotum polished black ; black, Eehiy valsaeae the first two
antennal joints, base and caer edge of the third, base of arista,
lower edge of front above the antennz, halteres, femora, tibiz,
middle and hind tarsi and base of first joint of the front ones, also
the front coxee, yellow ; four pairs of dorso-centrals, one of acrosti-
chals, and one sternopleural macrocheta ; third antennal joint
scarcely tapering toward the tip, two and one-half times as long as
broad, arista short plumose, wings strongly tinged with yeilow.
Length, 4 mm. Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Two
male specimens collected by Mr. C. Livingston. Type No.
AQSD ios fa 505 Beige ORR AL . Livingstoni, n. sp.
5. With three pairs of Auth conta He two serie pleral macrochete. 6.
With only two pairs of dorso-central and one sternopleural macro-
cheta ; yellow, the front except the lower edge, the mesonotum,
scutellum, metanotum, and a vitta on upper part of the pleura,
black, opaque bluish-gray pruinose, a black spot on each side of
the third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments of the abdomen ; third
joint-of the antenne oval, one and one-half times as long as wide,
arista long plumose. Length, 3 mm. Onaga, Kansas. A
female ae ag collected by Mr. F. F. Crevecoeur. Type No.
4087.. Seal chata'n s 0 eta & oe oe . Crevecoeuri, . sp.
6, Naren arista lane hae body very Sobien wings tinged with
yellow, scarcely more than twice as long as the abdomen.......7.
Antennal arista bare, body slender, wings unusually long, over four
times as long as the abdomen ; black, gray pruinose ; the antenne;
front legs, and middle and hind femora, brown ; middle and hind
tibize and their tarsi, yellow, halteres whitish ; wings not tinged
with yellow, third antennal joint only slightly tapering toward its
tip, nearly twice as long as wide. Length, 3.5 mm. White Mts.,
N. H. One male and five females, collected by the late H. K.
Morrison. Type No. 4088. ................brachysoma, n. sp.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279
7. Thorax and entire insect yellow, a black spot in middle of occiput
above the neck, a light yellow fascia above the antenne, bordered
above and below with brown ; third antennal joint only slightly
tapering to the tip, one and two-thirds times as long as wide.
Length, 5 to 5.5 mm. Los Angeles Co., Cal. (H. C. Fall) ; Cor-
vallis, Oregon (A. B. Cordley), and Seattle, Wash. (O. B. Johnson).
Two males and four females. Type No. 4089.....flaveola, n. sp.
Thorax, scutellum, occiput and upper half of front, brown, bluish-
gray pruinose ; a yellow fascia above the antenne, bordered above
and below with brown, face yellowish, a U-shaped brown mark in
the middle and a black line extending obliquely from each antenna
to the occiput near the oral margin; antennz, proboscis, palpi,
halteres and legs yellowish, front side of femora sometimes marked
with a gray vitta, apex of tibia and a faint ring near base of each,
brown ; abdomen yellowish, bases of the third, fourth and fifth
segments, brown ; third joint of antennz slightly tapering to the
apex, nearly twice as long as broad. Length, 5 to 6.5 mm. Dist.
Colum. Four males and twenty females, collected oe the writer in
fone to94. ‘Lype No: Adgows sae oe . Magna, N. Sp.
Genus LAUXANIA.
1. Submarginal cell at the small crossvein less than three-fourths as wide
as the length of the hind crossvein, wings more than three times as
long as wide, hyaline or yeilowish. . etter soe eyes Fo Oe
Submarginal cell at the small crassvein ae an ‘the lene of the
hind crossvein ; black, the first two joints of antennz, base of
arista, and first three joints of the middle and hind tarsi, yellow ;
front and face polished, the lateral margins narrowly white pruinose;
antenne linear, more than twice as long as the head, the third joint
eight times as long as wide, arista rather long plumose ; body
polished, mesonotum thinly gray pruinose ; wings twice as long as
wide, smoky-brown, the posterior margin gray. Length, 3.5 mm.
Fiorida (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Georgia (H. K. Morrison). One
male and six females. Type No. gogt......... latipennis, n. sp.
2. Antennal arista brown, long plumose, its base yellow ; black, the first
two joints of antennz, base of the third, bases of tibie, first joint
of front tarsi and first three joints of the others, yellow ; antennz
slightly tapering toward the apex, one and one-half times as long as
head, the third joint five times as long-as broad; face with a
280
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
median vitta, spot near the ora] margin each side of the middle,
and the narrow lateral margins, whitish pruinose; front slightly
polished, the broad lateral margins, except on their lower part,
thinly gray pruinose ; body polished, two vittee on the mesonotum,
scutellum and front part of pleura thinly gray pruinose; wings
tinged with yellow. Length, 3mm. Lake Worth, Fla. (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson), and Georgia. Three males and nine females. Type
INTO. AO 2. |: Sore cic lers, oa bys Meteo a eereemniane kns Cacaue te UNC CLEC) 2 Na
Antennal arista white, short plumose, its base yellow ; black, the first
two joints of the antenne, base of the third, halteres, front coxe,
front femora and broad apices of the others, all tibie, and the
middle and hind tarsi except their apices, yellow ; antennz slightly
tapering toward the apex, slightly longer than the head, the third
joint four times as long as wide ; front and face polished, the latter
whitish pruinose near the lower part of each eye ; body polished,
mesonotum and scutellum with a strong coppery lustre, thinly
brownish pruinose ; wings tinged with yellow. Length, 3.5 mm.
Santa Cruz Mts., Cal. A male specimen, collected by Mr. A.
Koebele. = “Lype No: 4093's... 2. kan sis seem ries. (OEP ESEra, ESP.
Genus PACHYCERINA.
Yellow, an ocellar spot, tip of antenne, the arista, apical half of palpi
and three vitte on the mesonotum, black ; antennz almost as long
as the head, slightly tapering to the tip, the third joint three and one-
half times as long as wide ; front and sides of face polished, middle
of face thinly whitish pruinose, body polished, wings hyaline, slightly
tinged with yellow. Length, 3.5 mm. St. Augustine, Fla. Two
female specimens, collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Type No.
BOOB oc 2 Tet: a) gisnsisner t's siaveie PMMA 3 fis )s uae ghee COED BDO MES eT
Genus TRIGONOMETOPUS.
Yellow, two vittz on the front, four on the mesonotum, the upper side
of the scutellum and the metanotum, brown, antennal arista white,
with a very short pubescence ; head subopaque, mesonotum and
scutellum opaque, abdomen somewhat polished; wings hyaline,
small and posterior crossveins bordered with brown, two circular
brown spots on the last section of the third vein, the outer one
almost directly in front of the posterior crossvein. Length, 3.5 mm.
Colorado. A female specimen, Type No. 4095 .punctipennis, n. sp.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ew |
CLASSIFICATION OF THE HORNTAILS AND SAWFLIES, OR
THE SUB-ORDER PHYTOPHAGA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
(Paper No. 6;)
FamMILy XII.—NEMATID.
This family is very sharply separated from the Selandriide,
Dineuride and the Tenthredinide by having only one marginal cell in
the front wings, while from the Aylotomide, Lophyride, Perreytide and
the Pterygophoride, which also have only one marginal cell, it is readily
distinguished by pteropterological and antennal characters, and especially
by the basal nervure in front wings uniting with the subcostal vein far
from the origin of the cubitus.
Our species have been subjected recently to a thorough revision by
Mr. C. L. Marlatt, in a work entitled: ‘“ Revision of the Nematine of
North= America, ete, ‘Technical Series No. 3, U. S.. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, 1896.”
Mr. Marlatt’s “* Revision” is typical of the best kind of systematic
work, and the Department of Agriculture is to be congratulated on
publishing works of such a high degree of merit.
The publication by our Government of technical works, on special
groups of insects of an economic importance, is an excellent feature in the
present administration and one that I trust will become permanent.
These publications not only contribute towards filling a void in our
literature, draw attention of our farmers, fruit-growers and laymen to the
necessity and importance of the study of insects, but also act as a
stimulant to our students, and greatly advance systematic and economic
entomology.
In his revision Mr. Marlatt followed Konow and placed the genera
Dineura and Hemichroa with the ematine. In this I cannot agree,
since they seem to me to have very little affinity, if any, with this group.
Their affinities are almost equally divided between the Se/andriide and
the Zenthredinide, but with characters sufficiently distinct to justify one
in placing them in a family by themselves.
It may be well here also to call attention to the position Mr. Marlatt
assigned one of his species, viz., Pachynematus gregarius. Dr. Dyar*, in
describing the larva of this species, expressed surprise at the position
*Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. V., p. 30.
282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
assigned the imago by Mr. Marlatt, since the larva was so different from
other Pachynematus larve he had bred. He says: ‘I was much
surprised that the flies should belong to Pachynematus. ‘The larvee of
this genus are solitary grass feeders, whereas a larva very similar to this
species is described as that of a species of Pristiphora.”
On making a careful study of the type, I find it really belongs to the
genus Micronematus, Konow, and has nothing to do with Pachynematus.
This result was a great surprise to me, because Mr. Marlatt, in speaking
of the genus AZicronematus, says: ‘‘ This genus seems to be of doubtful
value, and at least has no American representative.”
The genus, as my table shows, is a good one, falling near
Fristiphora, where Dyar would have it placed from larval characters,
and it is quite evident that Marlatt misinterpreted some of Konow’s
characters, since the genus as tabulated by him cannot be recognized.
The family /Vematide, as here defined, may be divided into two
subfamilies as follows
Table of Subfamilies.
Lanceolate cell widely contracted at the middle and
PIDSEAI ss hinz sie cool Soe Ste ad sibs owes koohge > eer ae DREREIABLY ai Mae Co,
aneeulate cell Werolte ie Ei eeitne's ne ose a pUbtamllyell.Nematinc,
Siubismils I.—CLADIN&.
The species belonging to this subfamily are readily distinguishable
by the widely-contracted lanceolate cell, the contracted part uniting with
the submedian vein and leaving a closed cell at base.
To this group belong five genera distinguishable by the aid of the
following table:
Table of Genera.
Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures...........4.
Second and third submarginal cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, or
if the first transverse cubitus is wanting it is the first and second
submarginal cells which receive the recurrent nervures.
Males Gi arec ters aces ne Raat? ca. rRe o dg ewan eye, eure ee ee
Female characters.
Antenne somewhat compressed, with a sharp projection at tip of
basal joint, the third joint with a sinus beneath at the middle,
so that the joint is narrower at middle than at the base or
Lip, din HE : sided .Cladius, Illiger.
Antenne torent adacecte not WA bse. rela cleft,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283
Third joint of antennz slightly curved or slenderer at the
middle, with a short projection at the base, not longer than
the forthe once. 2 ios ins eee DeChoeaimpus,.FHartig,
Third joint of antenne simple, uniformly
thickened.. Ghee sos . Priophorus, Latreille.
2. Antenne simple, or at most ae rie chird: jaunt alone forked..... Ee
Antenne with joints 3-5 and sometimes 6-7 with a more or less
prominent branch at apex. g silanes ts be #5» ..Cladius, Illiger.
Antenne with the third joint bent ora Mile ncudeie at the middle,
and usually with a short blunt process beneath ; second recur.
rent nervure in hind wings interstitial or uniting with the cubitus
beyond the second transverse cubitus.....Trichiocampus, Hartig.
Antenne simple, the third joint uniformly thickened; second
recurrent nervure in hind wings joins the first submarginal cell
before the second transverse cubitus.......Priophorus, Latreille.
4. Front wings with four submarginal cells ; claws bifid.
2 with the abdominal segments 7-8 not carinate; ¢ with the
last abdominal segment entire, without a median
OQ
FURLONG res ces BE tty .Camponiscus, Newman.
Front wings with neue suiunneneel als (rarely with four) ; claws
simple.
with dorsal abdominal segments 7-8 with median carine ;
g with the last dorsal abdominal segment with a median
PRC Wasg Geb! s gels Vis, « w]e alot eyaiee eae) elnos aoe ODIO au Mian att:
Subfamily IL.—Nematine.
This subfamily is distinguished from the C/adine by the distinctly
petiolated lanceolate cell, the anal vein being always absent at base ;
the second submarginal cell, or. the first if the first transverse cubitus is
wanting, always receives both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent
is interstitial with the second transverse cubitus.
About a dozen genera are known, readily distinguished by the aid of
the following table :
Table of Genera.
Costal transverse nervure interstitial with the apex of the basal nervure or
placed a little beyond it. . RTE te , AER Rec! eG.
Costal transverse nervure never aces ith ‘hac apex of ae ane
nervure, always placed somewhat before it.
Raw Diem ClETE Hind wings avith two.disealcellsy,:.(.2 Sachs i ecm seat eae
Hind ‘wings without avdiscal cell). 3 i-ay eee 2 ass eh oe
to, Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian, usually briefly
petiolated.
Marginal cell in hind wings at apex subacute, z/th a short
appendage, the recurrent nervure originating far before the
transverse median nervure ; claws cleft or with a long tooth
at bases. al. Wee a Aphiledyctium; Ashimnsange-
(Type S. rubripes.)
Marginal cell in hind wings at apex rounded, wéthout an
appendage, the recurrent nervure originating just before the
transverse median nervure ; claws with a triangular median
or basal tooth) s.r: octamer ee oe.s ie LAXOMUS, MaRtiE:
11. Wings elongate, narrowed ; hind tibiz very long, nearly twice the
length of their femora ; anal cell in hind wings shorter than the
submedian ; claws bifid ; clypeus triangularly emarginate
amterionly 5 wa fic .oAthoroten letemamees raat 6 Bo Rhoptroceros, Konow.
Wings normal ; hind tibiz not nearly twice as long as their femora ;
anal cell in hind wings fully as long as the submedian.
Transverse nervure in anal cell straight, perpendicular ; claws
with a median tooth ; head coarsely punctate, opaque, without
a frontal area; clypeus triangularly emarginate ; third and
fourth antennal joints equal..Polystichophagus, Ashm.,, n. g.
(Type S. filicis, Klug.)
Transverse nervure in anal cell oblique ; claws cleft or simple.
Clypeus semicircularly emarginated ; frontal area poorly
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 311
defined; third antennal joint longer than the fourth ;
claws cleft...............-Hypotaxonus, Ashm., n. g.
(Type T. pallipes, Say.)
Clypeus truncate anteriorly or at most sub-emarginated ;
frontal area distinct, enclosing the front ocellus; third
antennal joint not longer than the fourth ; claws
SIMpIE.... 0. 0.2 nteoae votes oe ELEMItaxonus, Ashm\, 1, g:
(Type T. dubitatus, Nort.)
Poe Eeardawines without.a discal Cellic ans catte > «1. 4.0 ctr waren « 14.
Hind wings with one discal cell...... ro i
Hind wings with two discal cells ; anal cell in hind wings a little
shorter than the submedian, briefly petiolated.. Heptamelus, Haliday.
(= Cenoneura, Thoms.)
13. Anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the submedian, briefly
petiolated ; claws cleft or bifid.
Abdomen depressed, ovate ; first submarginal cell much longer
than the second; antennz long, the flagellum sub-
EOMIPFESSER . .. sc sae wwe acter «A> ae LAepIDROrUSR El arte
Abdomen more or less compressed, strongly constricted
beyond the base ; first submarginal cell not or scarcely longer
than the second ; antennez short, slender, thickened beyond
tie middle... 2s. 6 ikane saute os 5 pO VEOldes: Konow:
14. Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the median ; clypeus anteriorly
sub-emarginated ; claws with a small tooth at base, Emphytus, Klug.
Subfamily I[V.—TENTHREDININ#,
This subfamily is probably the most extensive one in the family,
there being several hundred species already described, the majority of
which are found in the Palearctic and Neotropical regions. The sub-
family is easily recognized by the lanceolate cell in the front wings, which
is either contracted before the middle and c/osed, or divided into two
parts by a straight or an oblique nervure.
Two of the described genera, viz., Parabia, Somenow, and Cocosyndia,
Kirby (= Pampholyx, Freymuth), I have been unable to place in my
tables, not being able to obtain specimens, nor to consult the descriptions.
Pampholyx, Freymuth, was changed to Cocosyndia by Kirby on
account of the former name being preoccupied ; but he gives no descrip-
tion of it, merely stating that it is the only wingless sawfly known, I have
612 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
been unable to obtain a copy of the work, in which it was described, in
any of the libraries of Washington and Philadelphia.
The numerous genera belonging to the group may be tabulated as
follows :
Table of Genera.
Lanceolate cell with an oblique or sah cross-nervure usually situated
a little before the middle. eee Sb chvtehe ales epee
Lanceolate cell contracted Bee ‘clésed a “title before the endare
Hind wings without-a‘discalcellor yanGre 34 /.)23, hoe eekee tee iat 4.
Hind wings withfone ‘discal celles hater a ere toe fren ere
Hind wings with two discal cells.
Malar space wanting or nea apparent, the hind coxe much
elongated. . SR ee sity AOpen SPUR eeasy eit Se
Malar space aruiner the Hine coxee 2 Bera.
Contraction of lanceolate cell very short.
Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.
Marginal cell normal. 2. ...Perineura, Hartig.
(= Synairema, Hartig.)
Marginal cell with two transverse radial nervures.
9. (An anomalous form of Perineura, named
Bivena, MacGillivray.*)
Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian.
Head and thorax opaque, cribrately punctate ;
Antenne Short. cect. ss Sciopteryx, Stephens.
(? = Zermakia, Jakow.)
Head and thorax smooth, shining, at the most
sparsely punctate; antenne not
short.....°..7 sayaae- +) eNOPORaStera. - Konow,
Contraction of lanceolate cell long; anal cell shorter than
the submedian ; clypeus semicircularly emarginated ;
Claws , Cleft. .s5.'. -salaieciege st) + aw ve AERYDFOLASIs, | eipmp ie,
Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the sub-
median. . Lvs nw Rae al EE ON .. Macrophya, Dahlbom.
Hind wings pn a catotndine nervure at apex, the anal cell a little
shorter than the submedian. ¢..... .....Tenthredopsis, Costa.
tN
ios)
*Mr. MacGillivray has kindly sent me the type of Szvera for study, and I find it
to be an anomalous form of Perineura americana, Provancher. It also bears a super-
ficial resemblance to P. delta, Proy., but the anal cell in the latter is not contracted, but
has a cvoss-nevvure.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313
4. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex. ¢ ..Perineura, Hartig.
5. Malar space wanting or very narrow, linear, always shorter than the
Pedicels 2.5... ae are He BOY cs BE SANS se RGA 6.
Malar space distinct, as rong or i Tenet Wah in pedicel or second
WOE OF AMLCDN® .. 4. 5 alain tals seetenhes oie eae abet ate: he
6. Lanceolate cell with an oblique cross-nervure................4-9Q
Lanceolate cell with a short, straight or perpendicular cross-nervure.
Flind wines without a discal cell, saqcy «2. vs alco vaareltin ae ee Oe
Hind wings with one discal cell.......... are Mt res waded ny So uedy*
Hind wings with two discal cells.
Anal cell in hind wings as long as the submedian.
BEE 22644 sue ee oik dees. Lenthredopsis, Costas
Anal cell in hind wings a little shorter than the submedian.
Head and thorax cribrately punctate ; antennez short,
not tapering at tips. Q..... Sciopteryx, Stephens.
Head and thorax smooth, shining, at the most sparsely
punctate ; antenne not short, tapering toward tips.
G + die die st ienbdt se eiy. ots. RHOSO CASTER Imonows
7. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal cell a little
shorter than the submedian. ¢..........Tenthredopsis, Costa.
Hind wings without a surrounding cell at apex, the anal cell a little
shorter than the submedian. ¢...........Amestasteiga, Costa.
8. Hind wings with a surrounding nervure at apex, the anal cell as long
as the submedian. ¢.
Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex.
Anal cellas long as the submedian. %...Homceoneura, Ashm.,n.g,
(Type P. delta, Prov.)
Anal cell shorter than the submedian. 9 ..Rhogogastera, Konow.
g. Hind wings with two discal cells, the anal cell shorter than the sub-
Viitefo LES ie nee aie ‘mt ..Pachyprotasis, Hartig.
Hind wings tt one vik oil Ge afl i as long as the sub-
BiediaN ois ok aenee ak. 212? fase oven DeleSes, Ce anlerons
Hog tines wenssiwith, twodiseal cells:...0 scot Paik Se ae ec ee eB
ctind. wings, with ane diseals cell) sinnaies +s Vo) Bae ee. oS
cinch iwings! withouta diseal cell. {2.3.00 ste’. Soa so Pals
11. Wings not narrowed, the transverse radius not or rarely strongly
GEUECM Ss , Coals tics ees ares ae Ce COTTE Ts « eee
,
314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Wings narrowed, the transverse radius strongly curved ; lanceolate
cell long and narrow, with a short cross-nervure ; anal cell in hind
wings as long as the submedian; head quadrate; antenne long
and slender, the third joint a little shorter than the fourth, the
following gradually shortening, the second with a small tooth
within at .apex.......¢s2522 samen ey pkeremetpha, Kirby,
12. Hind cox normal, the femora not or rarely extending to the tip of
the abdomenets. 4. .b 2s. obo AGE TS pk kL GRRE LES eee
Hind cox much lengthened, so that the femora extend to or beyond
the tip of the abdomen; lanceolate cell with a short straight
nervure (or shortly contracted) ; anal cell in hind wings shorter
-ithan, the submedian......:.:....... 5... Mactopnya, Dahib,
(= Emilia, Costa.)
13. Frons on each side above the antenne elevated into more or less
distinct ridges and with deep furrows on either side ; antennz 9-
jointed, filiform, slender toward tips, the third joint never longer
than joints 4-5 united ; anal cell as long as the sub-
Media a karat eX epee bivincn cle 6 alee Re ee euthrede.aiamne.
Frons on each side above the antennz truncate, or feebly emarginate
and without or with only a feeble furrow between the antenne ;
antennze usually more or less thickened before apex.
Antenne'8-jointed ; . 636 Jus 9a SO, 22. EPC Labidiag Pray.
Antenne 9g-jointed.
Anal cell in hind wings shorter than the submedian.
Clypeus subemarginate ; antenne long, slender, taper-
ing off at tips, the third joint much longer than
fourth, but shorter than 4-5 united.
OO bce oa a ee as so. ae A DLT COG Dalsaee cata:
(? = Parastatus, Kirby.)
Clypeus deeply semicircularly emarginate ; antennze
not long, subclavate, or somewhat thickened towards
apex, the third joint long, longer than 4-5
United 3.5... aan. 0008s ee Allanthsp yin!
Clypevs truncate; antenne not long.
Ohare Minic te ee Pa ae . .Laurentia, Costa.
Anal cell in hind wings as i ora ‘little longer than the
submedian ; claws cleft,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315
Scutellum normal or only slightly elevated ; transverse
median nervure straight perpendicular and placed
before the middle of the anal cell. 133
Head small, much narrower than the thorax ;
clypeus at apex truncate or rounded ; antenne
much shorter than the abdomen, incrassated
towards apex...........Colochelyna, Konow.
Scutellum conically elevated; transverse median
nervure oblique and placed beyond the middle of
the anal cell; clypeus deeply emar-
ginated..... 2% sis oealea ney... Comaspidia, Jeougae
14. Hind wings without a surrounding nervure at apex.
Lanceolate cell with an oblique cross-nervure ; third joint of
antenne longer than joints 4-5 united..Aglaostigma, Kirby.
Lanceolate cell with a straight cross-nervure ; anal cell in hind
wings fully as iong or a little longer than the submedian ;
ely Dems, (uNGate,. Osa Pee aanitaes « Bruce; Li,
‘* Marcellus, 71.
‘© Oregonia, II.
Paracalidia, n. gen., 292.
fe asd tuberculata, n. sp., 292.
Paraperga, n. gen., 232.
Paraplagia spinosula, 19.
Paraselandria, n. gen., 255-
Parasiobla, n. gen., 308, 309
Paratettix cucuilatus, 123.
Parurus pinicolus, n. sp.,
Pegomia bicolor, 19.
Perdita salicis, 237.
Perga Lewisii, maternal instinct in female,
231.
Pergande, T., article by, 300.
Periclistoplera, n. gen., 255.
Perreyiidx, table of genera, 226.
Petalopoda annulipes, 292.
Pettit, the late Johnson, 108.
Phenacoccus helianthi, 48.
‘ MIUNIMUS, ND. SP.
179.
223.
|
|
|
|
Phenacoccus 2v2us, parasite on, 224.
3 solenopsis, N. SP , 47, 319.
Phengommatza dissimilis, n. sp., 215.
Philanthus Aritzon@, 0. Sp., 155.
r cleomeé, 1. Sp., 152.
és Henricus. N. Sp, 153, 184.
ze serrulatic, N. sp., 154.
Philodromus pacificus, 0 sp., 187.
Phlepsius areolatius, 0. Sp.y 30.
ts personatus, NN. Sp., 30
yy Rileyt, n. sp., 32.
be Texvanus, 0. sp., 31-
Phyllophaga, tables of families, 143.
Phytophaga, classification of, 141,
205, 225, 246, 281, 305.
Pipiza modesta, 19.
Plant-louse on tobacco, a new, 300.
Pleroma bonuscula, n. sp., 325.
Plusia zereoides, 264, 327.
“¢ captures of, 264.
“ pasiphieia, 327.
Podalirius phenax, n. sp., 146.
Pectlochroa minuta, n. sp., 185.
Pactlostomidea, n. gen., 256.
Pogonocherus mixtus, 43.
ee penicellatus, 42.
Polystichophagus, n. gen., 310.
Pontia daplidice, 201.
Potamia borealis, n. sp., 302.
oe consors, N. Sp., 302.
Prionidus cristatus, 17.
Prosapis Mesilla, 237.
Pseudocyphona, n, gen:, 211.
Pseudoperga, n. gen., 232.
Pseudosiobla, n. gen., 308, 309.
Psinidia fenestralis, 56.
1775
Pteronus carpint, n. sp., 303.
“9 quercus, 303.
Pterygophoride, tables of sub-families and
genera, 228.
Plerygophorinus, n. gen. ,230.
Putnam's scale, 82.
Raupen der Pterophoriden: Hoffmann,
248.
Report of observations on injurious in-
sects : Ormerod, 196,
Rhamphomyia mutabilis, 18.
Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, 327.
Ripula vestalis, n. sp., 215.
Robertson, C., article by, 101.
Royal Society of Canada, 121.
San José scale, 82.
ue ‘* importation of, from Japan,
169.
Saperda candida, 71.
bs concolor, 71.
s table of species, 40.
B84
Sapromyza brachysoma, n. sp., 278.
ss Crevecwurz, n. sp., 278.
flaveola, n. sp., 279.
ee Houghit, n. sp., 277+
Hubbardii, n. sp., 277-
Livingston?, n. sp., 278.
magna, N. Sp., 279.
Ce Shicldont, n. sp., 277.
Satyrus alope, 71.
Sawflies and Horntails, classification of,
I4I, 177, 205, 225, 249, 281, 305.
Sawfly larvee, notes on, 173.
Schausia, the genus, 81.
Schizoneura lanigera, 19.
Sctagraphia flavivenata, n. sp., 163.
ef spodopterata, n. sp., 162.
Scirtetica marmorata, 261.
Scudder, S. H., article by, 183.
Selandriidx, tables of sub-families and
genera, 249.
Selidosema configurata, N. sp., 195.
ee lachrymosa, N. sp., 194.
He nigrescens, N. Sp., 214.
Siricide, tables of sub-families and genera,
178.
Slingerland, M. V., appointment of, 271,
oe ** article by, 165.
Slossonia, n. gen., 216.
ee latipennis, nN. Sp., 217,
rubrotincta, N. sp., 217.
Smith, J. B., article by, 321.
Snyder, Mrs. A. J., article by, 99.
Solenopsis geminata, 47.
Sparagemon bolli, 261.
a Wyomingensis, 61.
Species, considerations on the nature and
origin of : Tutt, 104.
Spherococcus sylvestris, n. Sp., 326.
Sphinx catalpz at Coalburgh, W. Va., 7.
oe luscitiosa, 71.
quinquemaculata, 72.
Spiders, some new, 185.
Spodoptera Kunzet, n. sp., 192.
Squash-bug, a new, 239.
Stedman, J. M., article by, 109.
Stenaspilates inviolata, n. sp., 218.
Stenobothrus curtipennis, 126.
Stevenson, C., article by, 72.
Stories of Insect Life: Weed, 48.
Strongylogasterine, table of genera, 307.
Stronzylogastroidea, n. gen., 308, 310.
Synaxts fuscata, n. sp., 217.
Synchlora Louisa, n. sp., 159.
rf Texana, 0. sp., 160.
viridipurpured, N. Sp., 159.
Synelys nigrocandida, n. sp., 121.
Sysygonidea, n. gen., 230.
af
oe
ee
oe
Tachinidx, additions to synopsis, 233.
INDEX TO VOLUME XXX,
Teeniocampa alia (?), 294, 327.
ss subterminata, 327.
Taylor, G. W., article by, 14.
Tenthredinide, tables of sub-families and
genera, 305.
Tephroclystis acutipennis, n. sp., 115.
ee borealis, Nn. Sp., 114.
oe latipennis, N. Sp., 114.
ft niveifascta, N. Sp., 115.
sf perfusca, N. sp., 116.
3 subcolorata, n. sp., 114.
Teras minuta, 19.
Terulia magna, n. sp., 292.
Tetracnemus Westwood?, n. sp., 224.
Tetraopes, table of species, 44.
Tetratneura, n. gen., 256.
Tettigidea armata, 60.
- u depressa, 60.
ss parvipennis, 124.
Tettix granulatus, 123.
““s ornatus, 122.
Text-book of Entomology: Packard, 167.
Theridium cinctipes, n. sp., 186.
es subterraneum, 1. sp., 186.
Therina punctata, n. sp., 215.
Ticks, concerning, 96.
Timothy, Hessian fly attacking, 301.
Tinobregmus vittatus, 289.
Tinsley, J. D., articles by, 12, 47, 220,
317.
Tobacco, new plant-louse on, 300.
Tomicus celatus, 21.
Tremecine, table of genera, 179.
Trigonalys Canadensis, 14.
Trigonometopus punctipennis, n. sp., 280.
Trimerotropis maritima, 61, 262.
Trissolcus margantiz, 17.
Truxalis brevicornis, 61.
Trypeta solidaginis, 99.
Uropoda punctulata, n. sp., 266.
U. S. National Museum, Department of
Insects, 45.
Vanessa antiopa, rare aberration of, 49.
Vespa occidentalis, 14.
Walker, E. M., articles by, 90, 122, 197,
258.
Webster, F. M., articles by, 18, 20, 48,
78, 166, 167, 169.
Wickham, H. F., articles by, 37, 149.
Wood-engraver beetle, history and habits
Ole 20
Xanthorhoe glacialis, n. sp., 119, 203.
ef longula, n. sp., 119, 203.
Xiphidium, the described species in the
United States and Canada, 183.
INDEX TO VOLUME XXX. 330
Xiphydriidw, tables of sub-families and | Xyleborus pini, 22.
genera, 180. ss saxeseni, 21.
Xyela minor, larva of, 176. ss xylographus, history and habits
Xyelidi, list of species, 174. of, 21.
<7 notes on larvie of, 173. Xylophaga, table of families, 143.
tables of sub-families and genera, | Xysta didyma, 233.
; 205.
Xyleborus dispar, 26. Zaschizonyx, n. gen., 257.
baa SS
, $3
4% * hye a!
; mit
At « rts ; Ge
“| td
Bars COMED 5 oe Walt tt
beans nee ey
ie
Ett ie iia:
he's
Af
“geen, se eee cD
iwetiet Aes Cyinctes
wr) (a ab ee
; SS TRIN BD FH
P
a
eat
ores
Les sty J .
CS Sa ike
We meet
Md " twig
a GALL
okie Bi - ‘ 2 ins
ve ety ; sn ina ie cts aa we
wen a Re WN Na A
Aa ie ew it Ney
Me (PN
= ee y
ay a at bre
\ me Bal
Rave hs oe
Ast
\ } \
A RM SRST Sk
macy, hel RY ae
ea tev, ADVE tc
\
ta
= df 4! x ty
> {
K( ry
— . ae
ff me
w » A .
ZE |
CECE
a
ee I
Q
=
Ahh
I; =e A ~y = 5 . +
a \ Le , Z \ a A 5 . . 3 a > _— .
\ ~ : : 1 /, UE POOP . FZ,
= i Ps y ; : - 4 ( . ‘ ae —*
SS a a i! (G, a ra) : f “ (Bt wd er a 3 —
=F ey. f = 4] (LE) LAIN fi Fite te KM —— ers A Df f77 ff? > :
hi a 4) th... ZAG | LS / ? ~ = f Ye oe ee A, : \
j as (Ae : AC PLN CA VW N) eee f yy GINS Yon D> Nene fj
Sa. ay Khe / LR VA VATS MF 1G a if 4 ff a RN i \ ‘ # AN
~- mney (Fr, a HNN \ , F gt AM Ba = “4 L= Va LAL AALS. / 4 ey BYE STE”
Atty aha i ey NUE Na ‘ ™ i was 2 F Sar ek ES ee Ga F y oh \ —~ — i
¢ ed Ai fy (x Lf =>. i i ff ; Wag Ye : \) gB f - 3 (
/ es 3 = Sy SA i 1 fe a. a Fon, “eal A AS Yiaey Pa
; ss ort Aa Lie = a ‘ a wy 7 Lh
~ é f i \ : oe Kh - gi j UA\ an iB
She a Ca Fy, x mi eh! re ‘ Lae a we 4 { 3S . A f /
z i Gj i \ \ a ce 3 ‘ (\\4 J . i
7 Se ie Q ae Lo \
\s : A / th . S
i .
NN
a |
oe
”