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Canadian Entomologist

VGLUM ESL:
LOS.

EDITED BY

Poe eS Penne WA Cl ERS ©

Professor of Entomology,

ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, (GUELPH.

EDITING COMMITTEE :

Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal; J. D. Evans,
Trenton ; Prof. Lochhead, Macdonald College,
P.Q.; and J. B. Williams, Toronto.

London, Cntaris:

The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited

1908.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XL.

ALDRICH, PROFESSOR J. M., University of Idaho...... ..... Moscow, Ipano.
1Bofa3 See and I GR ec ie a ee Bos Mn oe ad A RE Bete Re, «od Para, BRAZIL.
PAIS SS IN ACD EDAUN ore oman ers Mi ee fence 5 ot Oates eee Mred East Farts Cuurcn, Va.

BETHUNE, REV. PROF. C.J.S. (The Editor), Ont. Agric. College.GuELPH, ONTARIO.
BEUTENMULLER, WILLIAM, American Museum of Nat. Hist. NEw York.

Ue EU BNR Woe pice op ote oe De oe ABER Cok ouple te elses Rye, N. Y.
BRADLEY, )). CHESTER, Gornell- University. 3. i. ae. os n8 3: IrHaca, N. Y.
EERO AU EaPcezat UV or EE cor Wap el Sebel Pa te Shes. oe Morar plae ae Newark, N. J.
BRODIE. DR WM: Educational Museums oo ee as cece lett TORONTO.

BOE IN@)< JecR? DEP LA TORRE 3 heir ci) nen os tase san eb Waite Prarns, N. Y.
BUSCA AUGUST, Us S- National Maseunr = 2.952. cs ences. WasHINGTON, D. C.
GES Ak EAW SON WOMnt, Aerio: Golemen ing. cue a. 6 aalee bare > GUELPH, ONT.

eS ie OCLC BLE: oP LEONA CSS Lk irre a ene rer stomecee ster aatiins WASHINGTON, D. C.
CMU MBIEs AON... So National Musenm=sotne he o.ce ee l. eee WasuHincton, D. C.
GOCKERELEL, PROF; T. D: A., Univessitycof Colorado... 2... -. BouLpER, Coto.
RONEN ESS 7B Sala WV ect ae ON ot wpe tice eve ek Dp ES Satopia Stoners e ae She KeASEOsbee Ge
COOK. (OLN |. He#State Normal Collese 455. t 50 on ete ma eee ALBANY, N. Y
BUEIDGE, KARL RAPINESOUB. onc 0 oN Minn caleba Pato ALTo, CaLir.
CUOUIEEETT, D: W.;.U.S: National Museum $2232 foal acs WASHINGTON, D. C.
ERE EPIN Sor ANC otis ea ye ee te he eae a re PE tea = os DRE aN Ses TORONTO.

CROSBY, CYRUS R., Cornell University. 5, fas 2 ai teint IrwHaca, N. Y.
EAU LOU es Nee gree ee eh oeic hoe ee a ae ee: Urpana, ILL.

LEU cays add 2B 2" Pes eee pace ee a ee ee le (Te eee Oe rg MONTREAL.
DOANE, R= We; Stantord University o> 2. es snes Ss See es CALIFORNIA

DOSE nis WHOIS Eo ee 28 erences aeons et es ee EI LAR VILE, AT BER EA:
DAR DRo EG US National Museunttc >. -22 eee WASHINGTON, D. C.
Fae Meso assures ara pet ee cisterna ann apy Rete ht M8 wee CN er as KRAGERO, NORWAY.
ONG DPR ELES IN RoWa stat o5 rot cae Seay to ET RUE me enceche nets PITTSBURG, Pa.
FERNALD, PROF. C. H., Agricultural College es aioe ee AMHERST, Mass.
FLETCHER, DR. JAMES, Experimental or hal Stree year OTTAWA.

FOLSOM, PROF. JUSTUS WATSON, University of Illinois... .. UrBana, ILL.

CES DEV We oy Re eat ters rie ai betaatinad Mea ee rae ea htes PHILADELPHIA.
GIBSON, ARTHUR, Central Experimental Farm................. OTTAWa.
GIDE E TLE, PROFS CSP State Agric. College 23. ose eee Fort CoLtins, Coto.
GRINNELL, FORDYCE, ‘TR RE SSeS A DEE EO OP Ee PASADENA, CALIF.
HAMPSON, SIR GEORGE F., British Mascam TOR en nen CY Lonpon, ENGLAND.
18 27a BAG ST eA ES YP MO A On eis ered Deere tinge aetna ane S CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
HINE, PROF, JAMES-S., Ohio State University +... c0..2: 025 CoLumesus, Ouro.
HOOD DOUGLAS: Seas ee URBANA Uh ie
HOUGHTON, C. O., Agric. Ex ‘per. Se ibteri Sos Yo oe Newark, DEL.
HOWARD, DR. L. O., Director, Bureau of Entomology.......... Wasuincton, D. C.
JARVIS, TENNYSON DesOnteAorics Callemesd se nase cee. GUELPH, ONT.

156d Sa Rd EG 1 ed DS IS gi epee a nie ip ae ges PER Monrcrair, N. J.
KIRKALDY, GEORGE W., Sugar Planters’ Assoc.............. Honoivutu, Hawaran Ist.
KNAB, FREDERICK, U. eS National WIS CURES 7 Binnie, “Sree eee WasHINGTON, D. C.
BORA eV Pesta eee nae ee hope ee Se McPHERSON, KANSAS.
EUDLOW,MISS_ GC: S;,° Acmy: Medical, Muséunry. ¢.25 0222. tre. - Wasuincton, D. C,
VERA VIN PoE INR OMS Eb pete ee eh ain Stine Sao ee ee ee MonrREAL.
MACGIELIV RAY. PROEF] A; D:; Gorell University = a2: atx 2.62 IrHaca, N, Y.

UE Ey Be SiS Bs ON DIS NO Dat ber a ee et ee Calne eared gS wie RC non Oviebo, FLoripa.
MITCHELL, MISS EVELYN G., U.S. National Museum ...... WASHINGTON, D. C.
MON EDZAM BE BRE BRAG ST: Lei Pie Re eased cee es Port Hope, Onr.
NORRIS. Bai}. A, brinite Gollewe Schooles- os 4c oh ee ee oe Port Hope, Onr.
OSBURN, RAY MOND Cc Columbia Univ BESIV Ad onc s ate eee S NEw Aas
PEARSALL, RICHARD re ee at a so Re ee Bent BROOKLYN, N. Y.

(Pai Diva 1 GUO SRY By ene age eee ea ES Se a ee ee Te GARDINER, sees
ROHWER, S. A., Univ ensity ol, Colotadones 555 eaten ao .BouLpER, COLo.
SKINNER, DR. HEN RY, Academy of Natural Sciences .......... PHILADELPHIA.
SLOSSON: MES ANNIF; TRUMBULL so ee New York.

SMITH, PROF: JOHN EB: Ratgers: College 2-27.22. 26s New Brunswick, N. J.
SS SLT Ei Te RN ey ahs Snes ok Sor a a nak a ecperee ek e e aN dee aa eae MatLpen, Mass.
styrene Oiee shos Ve ree @ RG Be Wee seen omiow: eed epuare 5 nee ts ee WELLINGTON, B. C.
VAN -DUAEE ESP Grosvenor Libraryc snl eee eee BuFFAa.o, N., Y.
WALKER. DR2E. Mis, cUniversityof Dotonto.2. 22.2220 nek: TORONTO.
WASHBURN, F. L., State Batuniologist sis ce ces ote era St. ANTHONY ParK, MINN.
WVLAGES ON \Heiaban 9 ey nut aerate crete Ben Se. Fe cue k Leet e th aes New York.
WELLMAN, DR, F. CREIGHTON, U. S. National Museum..... WasuHincton, D.C.
VIENNA Tetc EG De ot eet eae: cen my ects mente tan ms Be er ne Westmount, P. Q.
Eh ae Siete, hen oie es Nee ete A tke ry da Nae INDIANAPOLIS, IND,

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The € anadlian entomologist

VoL. XL. LONDON, JANUARY, 1908. No: &.

BRITISH COLUMBIA SYRPHIDA, NEW SPECIES AND ADDI-
LIONS -TO--FHE LIST.

BY RAYMOND C. OSBURN, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK.

In a former paper (Can. Env., Vol. XXXVI, Aug.—Sept., r904) the
writer recorded seventy-eight species in this family of Diptera for British
Columbia, and suggested that a complete list would probably include
twice that number. Undoubtedly that estimate was far too small, if the
number of species which have been added in three years by a little
sporadic collecting is any criterion. With the present additions the list is
swelled to more than one hundred and twenty-five. With the exception
of ten species of my own collecting not recorded in my former paper on
account of uncertainty of determination, and nine species added by
Messrs. Currie and Dyar, of the U. S. National Museum, the material for
_ this additional list has been taken by local entomologists. Especial
reference must be made to the excellent work of Prof. R. V. Harvey, of
Queen’s School, Vancouver, to whose careful collecting twenty-two of the
additions are due. The remainder were taken by Messrs J. W. Cockle,
of Kaslo ; R. S. Sherman, of Vancouver, and A. W. Hanham. In 1906
Messrs. Harvey and Sherman made a tour through the Hope Mts. and
along the Nicolum River, securing a fine lot of specimens. In 1903
Messrs. H. G. Dyar, R. P. Currie and A. N. Caudell, of the U. S.
National Museum, collected in the Kootenay country, and incidentally
took forty-one species of Syrphidz and added nine species to the B. C.
list. Mr. D. W. Coquillett has identified this collection, and very kindly
turned over the results to me for publication in the following list. The
species resting entirely on his identification are so accredited in the list.
My thanks are due to Mr. Coquillett for permission to study carefully the
collection of Syrphidze, containing many of the type specimens, in the
National Museum.

1. Microdon tristis, Loew.

The form ¢ris¢is taken at Kaslo, June 5, 1906, by R. P. Currie, and
again by J. W. Cockle on June 5, 1906. The form. cothurnatus was
recorded in our previous list.

bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

2. Microdon viridis, Townsend.

Ainsworth, July 11, 1903, by R. P. Currie, and Vancouver, June 11,
1904, by R. V. Harvey.

3. Microdon marmoratus, Bigot.

A single specimen taken at Vernon, Aug. 14, 1904, by ik ¥-
Harvey.

4. Chrysotoxum ypsilon, Williston.

Kaslo, June 5, 1903, by H. G. Dyar. (Identification by Coquillett.)
5. Pipiza pisticoides, Williston.

Taken at Kaslo by Mr. Crtirrie on various occasions ranging from
June 12 to July 20, and by Mr. Cockle, June 30, 19c6.

6. Pipiza nigripilosa, Williston.

A single male specimen taken at Vancouver, June 21, 1904, by’
Harvey, differs from eastern specimens in having the eyes dark pilose
instead of light pilose, but otherwise the agreement is very close.

7. Lipiza quadrimaculata, Panzer.

Five specimens,taken at Vancouver, July 2, 1906, by R. V. Harvey
and R. S. Sherman. This European species has not been recorded from -
North America until very recently. In ‘‘ Psyche” for August, 1907, Mr.
C. W. Johnson notes its capture at North Mountain, Penn., and Mt.
Greylock, Mass. The species thus evidently furnishes another example of
circumpolar distribution to be added to the already long list among the
Syrphide. It is easily distinguished from other American species of the

genus by the two interrupted yellow cross-bands on the abdomen, forming
the four spots which suggest the specific name.

8. Chilosia chalybescens, Williston.
Grouse Mt., July 1, 1904, one specimen by R. V. Harvey.

9g. Chilosia occidentalis, Williston.
Two specimens by R V. Harvey, one from the Hope os ss Ly eA
1906, the other at Vancouver, Tune 22, 1906.

10. Chilosia hoodiana, Bigot.

One female specimen from Similkameen, July 20, 1906, by R. V.
Harvey, I place here, though it shows some differences, The yellow of
the knees (“ geniculis tibiarumque basi, fulvis,” Bigot) is almost wanting,
and the fourth abdominal segment is entirely shining.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 3

11. Chilosia alaskensis, Hunter.*

Port Renfrew, July 3, 1go0r, and Glacier, July 20, 1901, R. C.
Osburn ; Vancouver, May 6, 1905, R. V. Harvey, and June 5, 1906, R.
S. Sherman.

12. Chilosia pallipes, Loew.

Four specimens, all females, have the characters given by Loew for
the species, ‘‘ humeri lutei, scutellum luteum” (Cent. Quarta, No. 70).
Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn ; Goldstream, July 19, 1904; and
Similkameen, July 20, 1906, R. V. Harvey.

I must admit that I am not able to separate from this species by any
definite characters a much larger number of specimens, of which a
majority, and notably all the males, fall unquestionably into C. ¢rstvs,
Loew. Williston at one time placed ¢rzstzs as a synonym of pal/ipes (Syn.
N. A. Syrphidee, p. 41), but later retracted his statement (zé/d, appendix,
p. 293). Iam strongly inclined to the opinion that he was right in the
- first place, as the humeral and scutellar lutescent markings are extremely
variable in extent in my specimens, and in some cases are entirely
wanting. The legs also vary in the amount of yellow, and the shape of the
first posterior cell may show variation even between the two wings of the
same specimen. It is a very significant fact also that the male of padl/ipes
has never been described. Pending more complete study of this question,
however, I enumerate the following under ¢résfzs ;

13. Chilosia tristis, Loew.

Seventeen specimens in all taken as follows: Port Renfrew, July 6,
1gor, and Field, July 19, r901, R. C. Osburn; Goldstream, July 19, 1904;
Vancouver, Sept. 24, 1904, and Similkameen, July 20, 1906, R. V.
Harvey. Taken also at Kaslo, June ro and July 2, 1903, R. P. Currie.
(Banff, Alberta, July 17, 1901, R. C. Osburn.) ;

14. Chilosia nigripennis, Williston.

Port Renfrew, June 29, 1901, R.C. Osburn, and Vancouver, May 27,

1905, R. V. Harvey.

*It is worthy of note that this species has recently been shown to be the
cause of the timber blemish known as ‘‘ Black Check”’ in the Western Hemlock.
The young larva enters an opening made in the bark by a tiny bark beetle
(Hylesinus sp.), and develops beneath the bark, forming an unsightly Scar.
Another species, C. hoodiana, attacks the White or Lowland Fir in the same
manner. These facts put a somewhat different economic aspect on the
Syrphidz as a whole, as they have hitherto been considered entirely harmless or
beneficial. For the work and interesting life-histories of these two Chilosias see
Circular No. 61, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, entitled ‘‘ Black Check in the Western
Hemlock,” by Mr. H. E. Burke.

4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

15. Chilosia plumosa, Coquillett.

A single specimen taken by the writer at Glacier, Aug. 20, Igor,
seems, after comparison with the type, to belong here without question.
The species was described from: Ormsby Co., Nevada, and has not to my
knowledge been recorded elsewhere.

16. Chilosia cyanea, Hunter.

Port Renfrew, July 5, 1901, one specimen taken by the writer.
17. Chilosia sp.

Two female specimens taken at Hope Mts., July 19, 1906, and at
Similkameen, July 20, 1906, by R. V. Harvey. These may be the
undescribed female of some species of CAzJosia already known from the
male, but I am not able to fit them in anywhere. © I hesitate to give them
a new name in such a difficult group. The antennee are plumose and dark
in colour; scutellum with bristly hairs; tubercle much as in C. ¢ristis,
body metallic-black, with very short yellowish pile; legs black, yellowish
at the knees ; length, 7 to 8 mm.

18, Chilosia sp.

One female taken at Field, July 18, 1902, by the writer. The
antenne are lacking, and I cannot place it in any species known to me.
19. Melanostoma coerulescens, Williston.

Kaslo, July 2, 1903, R. P. Currie. (Determined by Coquillett.)

20. Melanostoma trichopus, Thompson.

Nicolum River at Hope, July 14, 1906, and Vancouver, July 7, 1906.

Two specimens, by R. S. Sherman.
(Melanostoma concinnum, Snow.

Banff, Alberta, July 17, t901. One specimen by R. C. Osburn.)
21. Syrphus glacials, Johnson.

Vancouver, March, 9; Mission, April 4, and Hope Mts., July 19,
1906, by R. V. Harvey. ‘The species was described from Alaska.

22. Syrphus geniculatus, Macquartt.

Grouse Mt., July 3, 1904, and Vancouver, June 16, 1906, R. V.
Harvey.

23. Syrphus genualis, Williston.

Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn, and Kaslo, June 4, 1904, J.
W. Cockle.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5

24. Syrphus quinguelimbatus, Bigot.

A single male specimen taken at Mt. Cheam, Aug. 6, 1903, by R.
V. Harvey, and one female in the U. S: National Museum from Mr.
Coquillett’s collection, taken by W. H. Danby, and labeled ere “Be.
Columbia.”

This species was described from a single female specimen from
California (Ann. Soc, Ent. France, 1884, 91), and has not since been
mentioned, The male taken by Harvey is sufficiently like the female in
the National Museum, and agrees well enough with Bigot’s description, so
that there can be little doubt as to its identity. The last two abdominal
bands on the posterior margins of segments 4 and 5 are wanting in the
male. This is the only important difference in the sexes.

25. Syrphus disjectus, Williston.

Two female specimens taken by Harvey, Hope Mts., July 18, 1906,
compare well with Williston’s description of the male. They also agree
with the female which Snow (Notes and descriptions of Syrphidee, Kansas
Univ. Quart., July, 1892) lists from Colorado, in having whitish pile and
light-coloured lateral margins on the thorax.

26. Syrphus insolitus, sp. nov. (Fig. 1.)

Male.—Face, front and cheeks entirely shining bronze-black, with no
indication of yellowish ; with black pile on the face, front and vertex.
Face and front rather swollen, the former nearly perpendicular below the
antenne ; tubercle broadly rounded, not prominent. Antenne dark
brown, yellowish below on second and third joints. Occiput with black
pile above and yellowish pile below. Thorax bronze-black, with light
yellow pile on the sides and black and yellow mixed on the disc (in one
specimen the whole disc is covered with black pile, and that on the sides
is reddish). Scutellum yellow, with dark reflections, the extreme base
black. Abdomen: first segment black, shining ; segments 2, 3 and 4
opaque-black except the outer posterior angles, which are shining black,
yellow as follows: a pair of spots on the middle of segment 2 attenuated
at both ends and reaching forward at the outer ends to the margin, bands
of the third and fourth segments entire, attenuated at their ends and
nearly or quite reaching the lateral margins ; segment 4 narrowly yellow
on the posterior margin, and segment 5 with an inconspicuous yellow
spot on the anterior outer angle. Hypopygium shining black. Legs:
first and second pairs yellow, bases of the femora black ; third pair dark,
the knees lighter. Halteres yellow. Wings nearly transparent, slightly
tinged with dark, stigma dark brown. Length 7 to 8 mm. (émso/itus
= unusual),

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fro. t.—1, Syrphus insolitus, n. sp., Head of male; 2, Syrphus conjunctus, n. sp., Head of male; 3, .
Xanthogramma tenuts, n. sp., Head of female ; 4, Arctophila Harveyi, n. sp., Head of male;
ga, wing of female; 5, Sphecomyta occidentalis, n. sp., Head of male; 6, Sphecomyia nasica,
n. sp., Head of male.

Three males taken at Vancouver, April 13, 1906, by Mr. R. VY.
Harvey.

The species is easily distinguished from S. graci/is, Coquillett, which
also has a shining black face, by the presence of three yellow cross-bands
on the abdomen instead of one, by the yellow anterior legs and by the
facial tubercle, which is low instead of prominent.

“I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

27. Syrphus conjunctus, sp.nov. (Fig. 2.)

Male.—Face dark yellow, descending almost perpendicularly to the
small tubercle, cheeks shining black, the black continued around in front
and up over the tubercle to the middle of the face, but interrupted behind
the mouth on the oral margin by yellow; front and vertex black, the
former with yeilow pollen except near the antenne. Pile of face, front
and vertex black. Antenne dark, third joint lighter below. Occiput
with yellow pile. Thorax shining bronze-black, with some yellowish
pollen on the disc, and with yellow pile, Scutellum large, waxy-yellow,
pile yellow, with a fringe of dark hairs on the margin. Abdomen black,
segment 1 shining, 2 opaque, 3 opaque except the lateral borders, 4
mostly shining, 5 and the hypopygium entirely shining; three broad
yellow bands occupying the anterior half of the segments, on segment 2
the band is interrupted and the spots forming it are rounded at their inner
ends and attenuated at their outer ends, where they attain the margin of
segment ; on segments 3 and 4 the cross-bands are complete, but are so
deeply incised behind at the middle that they appear at first glance to be
interrupted, each half evenly rounded behind, and attenuated at the outer
end, where it attains.the margin of the segment ; segments 4 and 5 are
margined with yellow posteriorly, and the outer anterior angles of 5 are
yellow. Pile of abdomen mostly black, but yellow on the first two cross-
bands. Anterior and middle legs reddish-yellow, black at the extreme
base of the femora, and the tarsi infuscated ; hind legs reddish-brown ; a
broad dark band covers most of the femur, and the distal three-fourths of
the tibia and the tarsi dark. MHalteres yellow. Wings hyaline, slightly
infuscate anteriorly, stigma brown.

Length, 8 mm. (comjunctus = joined, referring to the apparently inter-
rupted abdominai cross-bands).

Described from one male specimen. taken at Hope, on the Nicolum
River, July 14, 1906, by R. V. Harvey.

Evidently related to S. macularis, Zetterstedt, but differs in having
the eyes bare, and the black of the face and legs much more restricted,
while abdominal bands 2 and 3 are incised but not interrupted.

28. Syrphus sp.

A somewhat teneral female, Glacier, Aug. 20, 1902, R. C. Osburn, I

am not able to place in any species known to me.

29. Xanthogramma divisa, Williston.
One female taken by R. V. Harvey at Vernon, Aug. 14, 1904,

8 THE CANADIAN -ENTOMOLOGIST.

30. Xanthogramma tenuis, sp. nov. (Fig. 3.)

Female.—Face, cheeks and oral margin yellow, the yellow continued
above on the sides of the front to the vertex. Vertex and middle of the
front nearly to the antenne bronze-black. Pile very fine and delicate, -
that of the face whitish, of the front and vertex black. The contour of
the face below the antenne is straight to the tubercle, which is rounded
and moderately prominent. Thorax bronze-black, the lateral stripes
yellowish, rather obscure ; a large obscure whitish patch on the pleura.
Scutellum yellow, with dark reflections, the anterior angles blackish.
Pile of the thorax and scutellum yellowish, very delicate. Abdomen
black, somewhat shining, yellow as follows: a spot on each side of
segment 1, cross-bands on the anterior part of segments 2, 3, 4 and 5
interrupted at the middle and reaching the margin broadly ; segments 5
and 6 very narrowly yellow on the posterior border. Legs yellow, a
broad dark ring on the hind and middle femora and tibiz, and the hind
tarsi infuscated. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow.

Length, 7 mm., a weak-looking, delicate species (¢enuis = slender).

One specmen taken by Mr. R. V. Harvey in the Hope Mts., July 27,
19006.

This species resembles most S. emarginata, Say, but differs from it
in the facial contour, the interrupted abdominal cross-bands, the smaller
size and more slender form.

31. Zoxomerus (Mesogramma) boscii, Macquart.

Kaslo, June 11, 1903, H. G. Dyar. (Identified by Coquillett.) This
species, formerly known only from south-eastern North America, has
recently been recorded by Chagnon from Montreal, and by Washburn
from Minnesota.

32. Hammerschmidtia ferruginea, Fallen.

Kaslo, June 15, 1903, R. PP. “Currie; and June 14,- 1900,
Cockle. The specimen taken by Mr. Cockle is much darker than any
others I have seen, so much so that its general aspect is dark instead of
reddish, On closer inspection in strong light the ground colour appears
through the darker pigment. A specimen from Ft. Morrison, Colorado,
in the U.S. National Museum, is intermediate in colour.

33. Lrachyopa notata, O. Sacken. |

April 13, 1906, at Vancouver, ten specimens taken at cherry bloom

by R. V. Harvey; April 28, 1906, R. S. Sherman.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. g

34. Arctophila Harveyi, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 4a.)

Male.—Face yellow, with fine yellow pile; a shining black stripe
descends from the base of the antennz over the tubercle, which is quite
small, to join with the black shining oral margin and cheeks. Front
black, thickly whitish pollinose, and with short black pile. Antenne
reddish, third joint quadrangular, the corners rounded; arista basal,
plumose. The antennz are inserted on black ground. Vertex black,
shining, with black pile. Thorax and scutellum black, shining, covered
with a thick coat of pile, which is yellowish on the pleura and anterior
two-thirds of the thoracic dorsum, but jet black on the posterior third and
the scutellum ; a fringe of light pile projects from underneath the
scutellum behind. Abdomen black, shining, tip of the fourth segment
margined with red ; pile of the second segment black, that of the third
mixed black and yellowish, that of the remaining segments yellowish.
Legs black, knees reddish-brown, tips of tibiz and basal joints of tarsi
lighter ; pile of legs abundant, mostly black. MHalteres piceous. Wings
hyaline, with an ill-defined, dilute brownish cloud about the base of the
submarginal cell ; stigma yellow ; third vein entirely straight.

Female.—Similar to the male in all essential respects. The pile of
the front and vertex is yellow, intermixed with a few black hairs on the
vertex. On the thorax the yellow pile extends back almost to the
scutellum. The legs are slightly lighter in colour.

Length, 13 to t5 mm.

Described from one male taken on Mt. Cheam, Aug. 11, 1903, and
one female from Hope, July 12,.1906. Both specimens were taken by
' Mr. R. Valentine Harvey, after whom I take pleasure in naming the
species.

The genus Arctophila has heretofore been known in America by only
one species, A. flagrans, O. S., and in Europe by two species, A.
bombiformis, Fallen, and A. mussitans, Fabricius. From all of these 4.
Harveyi differs in having the third vein entirely straight. Otherwise it
conforms closely to the generic description. A. Harveyi can be
distinguished at once from flagrans by the black pile of the thorax and by
the black facial stripe.

35. Eristalis Meigeniiz, Weidemann.

One female from Vernon, Sept, 9, 1904, and a male from the same

locality, Aug. 15, 1906, both taken by R. V. Harvey.

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

36. Helophilus similis, Macquart.

Kaslo, June'3, 1903, H. G. Dyar, and July 20, 1903, R: Px@urmics

Vernon, Aug. 15, 1904, R. V. Harvey.
37. LHelophilus conostomus, Williston.

One specimen taken by Harvey at Vernon, Aug. 12, 1904.
38. Helophilus porcus, Walker.

As far as 1 am aware this species has never been recorded since
Walker described it (List, etc., III, 551), and recorded it for the Hudson
Bay Territory.. Osten Sacken (Cat. Dipt.,; 250, note 235) says: dtus
represented in the British Museum by two (male and female) specimens.
I have never seen it elsewhere.” There are in the’ U: 5S) Natonal
Museum three unrecorded specimens, one male from Ottawa, Canada, and
a male and female from North Mt., Pennsylvania, taken June 8 by Mr: C.
W. Johnson. The specimen in my possession, from British Columbia,
was taken at Kaslo by Mr. J. W. Cockle (date not given). The species,
though apparently rare, seems to be of wide distribution through boreal
America.

39. MWerodon equestris, Fabricius.

This species has been taken previously a number of times in
America, but it has always been assumed that it was in each case an
accidental introduction from Europe in plant bulbs in which the larve
live. The occurrence of the species in several localities, and especially
the number taken in British Columbia, make it seem certain that it
properly belongs to our North American fauna. Mr. Harvey has taken
numerous specimens at Vancouver, frequenting especially the flowers of
the Salmon-berry (Rubus spectabilis ).

40. Xylota marginalis, Williston.

A male of this species taken by Harvey at Duncan, April 19, 1906,
agrees in all respects with Williston’s type from the White Mts. of New
Hampshire. ‘The species has also been taken in New York, but never
before in the west.

41. ferdinandea (Chrysochlamys) croesus, O. Sacken.

A male of this fine species was taken by Harvey at Victoria, June 8,
1906, on a flower of the Yellow Hawk-weed (Hieracium). The species has
previously been known from Utah and Washington southward.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11

42. Criorhina Coguilletti, Williston.
One female taken by Mr. J. W. Cockle at Kaslo, April 30, 1906.
The female lacks the bronze of the thorax and abdomen, and has
bunches of yellow pile on the anterior “ corners ” of the abdomen, and is
also somewhat larger, measuring 13 mm. Otherwise it agrees closely
with Williston’s description of the male from southern California. The U.

S. National Museum has a specimen from Hoquiam, Washington, collected
by Mr. Burke.

43. Criorhina armillata, O. Sacken.
Kaslo, June 18, and Bear Lake, July 21, 1903, R. P. Currie; Van-
couver, April 13, 1906, on cherry bloom, by R. V. Harvey.

44. Brachypalpus sorosis, Williston.

Kaslo, June 12, 1903, one specimen by R. P. Currie. (Identified by
Coquillett.)

45. Brachypalpus parvus, Williston.

One male and three females from Quamichan Lake by A. W. Han-
ham, and one female from Kaslo by J. W. Cockle. These specimens
agree closely with Williston’s description of the male from Colorado, the
only previous record for the species as far as I am-aware. ‘The only
point of any importance in which they disagree from the description is in
the presence of short bristles on the under side of the hind femora, but for
that matter sodo my specimens of B. Az/eyz, Williston, from Ohio, so that
this is either a matter of variation in both species or else Professor
Williston overlooked the point in his descriptions.

The female is similar to the,male, but the pile of the body is lighter
in colour, and while in the male there are a few black hairs intermixed
with the yellow on the vertex and thorax, in the female there is no black
pile. The yellow of the legs is more extensive inthe female. In size my
specimens range from 7 to Io mm.

46. Zemnostoma equalts, Loew.

One male at Kaslo, July 17, 1906, by Mr. J. W. Cockle.
47. Lemnostoma alternans, Loew.

Kaslo,. Jaly 2 1903,, by .Mro f. “W. Cockle. .‘(Identified~ by
Coquillett.)

48. Sphecomyta brevicornis, O. Sacken.

Three specimens, one male and two females, taken at Kaslo, May 6
and 26, 1905, by Mr. J. W. Cockle. The female, which has not hitherto

13 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

been described, agrees with the male in every particular, except, of course,
the separation of the eyes. My specimens measure considerably larger
than those of Osten Sacken, being 14 to 15 mm. The species has here-
tofore been known only from California.

49. Sphecomyta occidentalis, sp. nov. (Fig. 5.)

Male.—Head shaped about as in |S. drevicornts, but the tubercle is
fuller and more rounded, and the face more concave below the antenne.
Cheeks and oral margin shining black. Face entirely covered with dense
yellow pollen, which is continued above around the base of the antennal
prominence. ‘This prominence, which is shining black, points forward as
in S. dbrevicornis, and is not tilted upward as in S. vittata. The antenne
are brownish-black, with a black, bare, basal arista; the first two antennal
joints are about equal in length, the third somewhat longer and nearly as
broad as long, rounded below and nearly straight above, the upper outer
corner being quite angular. Pile of vertex black. ‘Thorax black, shining,
with black pile intermixed with some yellow, and with yellowish markings
as follows : in front, on either side of the midline is a small spot which
is continued backward as a faint line, on the humerus another rounded
spot, and on the transverse suture another, an elongate spot above the
postalar callosities, and a transverse line in front of the scutellum, which
in some specimens is connected with a faint mid-dorsal line; on the
mesopleura is an oval spot, and under it on the sternapleura a smaller
round spot. ‘The scutellum is entirely black, with black pile above and
yellow on the sides. Abdomen black, with yellow bands and yellow
pile. The bands are as follows: A rather narrow band on the posterior
margin of segments 1 to 4, a broader interrupted band across the middle
of the black portion of segments 2 to 4 (on segment 4 of some specimens
this band is near the anterior margin of the segment, and it may be
connected slightly with the posterior band at the lateral margin) ; all the
bands reach the margin. On the venter there are yellow cross-bands,
interrupted at the middle, on the anterior margin of segments 2 to 4.
The hypopygium is black, with some yellow pollen and with black and
yellow pile. Legs yellowish, the femora all brown except the tip, the
posterior pair lighter than the others ; tibia with a brownish ring about
the middle, most distinct on the anterior pair, sometimes entirely wanting;
distal tarsi infuscated. Wings clouded with brownish, especially along
the veins, stigma yellowish-brown, Halteres yellow.

Female.—Similar to male in allessential respects. The fifth segment
of the abdomen is marked like the fourth. The front is considerably

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i

wider than the vertex, while in the male the eyes are narrowly separated.
There is a shining black facial stripe extending rather broadly from the
tubercle to the base of the antennal prominence, and extending narrowly
above to the insertion of the antenne, and below to the oral margin, where,
however, it is not continuous with the black of the cheeks.

Length, 13 to 14 mm. (occrdentalis = western).

Described from eight males and one female taken as follows: Glacier,
Aug. 21, 1902, R. C. Osburn ; Vancouver, May 2, 1903; May 9g, 1903
(the female) ; April 23, tg04; April 28, 1906, and Grouse Mt., July 19,
1903, R. V. Harvey ; Vancouver, April 21, 1906, and Mission, April 13,
1906, R. S. Sherman ; Hoquiam, Washington, April 29, 1904, H. E.
Burke. (The last mentioned was kindly lent me by Mr. Coquillett, of the
U. S. National Museum.) Mr. Harvey notes the capture of his specimens
on blossoms of Vaccinium parvifiorum, 1m company with wasps.

The specimen taken by myself was mentioned in my former list
(Can. Ent., Vol. XXXVI, Sept., 1904, p. 262) as doubtfully belonging to
S. Pattont, Will. Since then the study of better material, and especially
a comparison with the type specimen of Fattoni, show it to be entirely
different. The absence of a facial stripe in the male, the entirely black
scutellum, and the colour markings of the thorax and scutellum (which
appear to be very constant) easily distinguish the species.

50. Sphecomyia nasica, sp. nov. (Fig. 6)

Male.—Head a trifle broader than the thorax. Face produced
downward, deeply concave below the antennal prominence, the lower part
of the face with the tubercle prpjecting prominently forward and down-
ward. Face and front covered with a dense coat of yellowish pollen, the
black ground colour appearing on the forward projecting antennal
prominence. Cheeks shining black. Antenne very short, scarcely more
than half of the vertical length of the eye; third joint considerably broader
than long, brownish-black, and with a long and rather stout black arista.
Vertex shining black, with black pile. Eyes narrowly separated. Thorax
black, shining, with short black pile, which is intermixed with yellowish
anteriorly, bunches of yellow pile on the pleura and postalar callosities; a
distinct yellowish pollinose spot on the humerus, and a fainter one
adjoining it above, an oval spot on mesopleura and a rounded one below
this. Scutellum entirely bronze-black, with yellow pile. Abdomen
slightly narrower than thorax, the sides nearly parallel, black, yellow
pilose, and marked with yellow as follows: on segment 1 the shining

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black is partly obscured by yellow pollen, segments 2, 3 and 4 each with
one cross-band of moderate width, situated somewhat nearer the base of
the segment, the band on segment 2 is interrupted at the middle, and
does not reach the margin, while the others are entire, and attain the
lateral margin. The extreme posterior margin of segment 2 is shining,
and also the lateral margins, leaving an H-shaped velvety-black area ;
segments 3 and 4 are velvety-black in front of the cross-band and shining
behind it. Hypopygium shining black. Venter with yellow cross-bands
on segments 2 and 3. Femora black except narrowly at the knees ; tibize
yellow, with a dark spot on distal half; the front and middle tarsi have
the basal joints yellow and the distal joints dark, the posterior tarsi are
dusky, with the distal joints darker. Halteres yellow. Wings brownish,
especially toward the costal border.

Length, 13 mm. (zasica = referring to the nose).

Described from a single specimen taken in the Hope Mts., July 27,
1906, by Mr. R. S. Sherman.

To include the new species of Sphecomyia, I have amended Willis-
ton’s table (Synopsis N. A. Syrphidee, p. 257) as follows:

Eentennze wer lone, third joint Shorty veloc et Bey vittata.
Antenne shorter than head...... Yee a 2 Soe

2. Scutellum yellow at base ; a complete bees fecha sitibe ann antenne
LOVOral Mares... ccc as Rie At as)

Scutellum entirely black ; a ibe San in pale here is in the
female of occidentalis a stripe which is attenuated at both ends) .. 4.

3. Yellow cross-bands of abdomen very broad .............drevicornis.
Cross-bands narrow. deli vast, Pgs sleoianesee es Ge bo GLa Sigetie We a ea aaa

4. Abdominal segments 2 to 4 each athe two ei
cross-bands. ony ty iae Sade) eaten steatee ANS aareg ea Se er ny ita tit Semis tO CL Cea
Abdominal segments with only one pelo gac Cross- pana - 1s a eee

ARGYNNIS ASTARTE VDOUBL.-HEWG

BY HENRY SKINNER, M.D., PHILADELPHIA.

This was the butterfly we did not get. Dr. James Fletcher and the
writer arrived at Lake Louise, in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, on the
second day of August. One of the insects we were most anxious to
obtain was Argynnis astarte, described in 1848, and not rediscovered
until 1888. Dr. Fletcher said Mr. Bean had taken the species on the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15

very summit of Mt. St. Piran, so we made the ascent of that peak. When
we arrived at the rocky top, the temperature was below freezing and snow
was falling and the wind blowing a fearful gale. Dr. Fletcher captured a
specimen of Chionobas Beanii at a time when the sun shone through a
break in the clouds. A butterfly came toward me as though it had started
from the South Pole, and when I raised my net to make a stroke it turned
and made for the North Pole, and, as far as I know, never stopped until
it reached there. I feel sure it was astarte. The weather continued bad
during our brief stay in the mountains, and we did not get this interesting
species. It is said in a general way that the species is found about the
tops of the Rocky Mountains of Canada, and this article is a contribution
towards our knowledge of its habitat. It is quite interesting, and perhaps
important, to know the exact places where species are found. Mr. Bean
says it occurs on a mountain, three miles south-west of Laggan, 8,500 ft.
altitude, and on a low smooth mountain directly north of Laggan. He
also says it occurred at Lake Agnes in 1892.

Mrs. Nicholl says: ‘“ Everywhere Grenthis astarte was to be seen,
though not generally to be caught, on every peak over 8,000 ft.” The
males haunt the summits, and the females are to be found on the highest
grassy slopes. Mrs. Nicholl records it from Glacier Crest, Selkirk
Mountains. Mrs, Chas. Scheffer recently presented two specimens to the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which were taken on Mt.
Athabasca (7,200 ft. alt.?). She says it has also been taken on Mt.
Temple, above the saddle. Mr. Woliey Dod records it from Devil’s Lake,
near Banff. Mr. N. Sanson captured a specimen on Sulphur Mountain at
Banff. From the above records, where should a collector go to get the
species? It is no joke to climb these mountains, and one cannot step
from the top of one to the top of another on the basis that they are flying
around nearly all the peaks over 8,000 ft. altitude. Some of the localities
mentioned are exact and some are not. It would be far better to give the
names of the peaks where any butterfly is found, and if possible the
altitude of the place of capture. Mr. Bean gives a very interesting
account of the altitudes where he worked, but does not name the peaks.
Perhaps they were not named when he was at Laggan.* I wish to pay
tribute to the valuable work done by Mr. Bean in making known the
butterfly fauna of this region.

*This was actually the case with most of the mountains at Laggan in 18go,
when Mr, Bean rediscovered A. astarte.—[ED. C. E,

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTE ON PLUSIA PRECATIONIS AT PETUNIA BLOSSOMS.
BY A. F. WINN, WESTMOUNT.*

During the past summer the Westmount Park gardener devoted to
Petunias a circular bed about 20 feet in diameter, and knowing the fond-
ness of the Plusias for the blossoms of this plant, I paid a little attention
to it, my original intention being to see how many species I would find
visiting it.

The flowers were of the old-fashioned single kinds, small blossoms, but
hundreds of them, and were of three colours: first, a deep magenta or

purple ; second, a pale, washed-out looking variety of same, and third,
pure white.

My first visit was on August 17, before dusk, and I had not long to
wait, as while it was still quite light two Plusias appeared and quickly took a
head-first plunge into the funnel-shaped blooms. They were easily boxed,
and proved to be both P. grecationis. A number of others soon followed,
flying about among the blossoms, and I was struck with an unexpected
circumstance, that they were all selecting the dark-coloured blooms. This
seemed remarkable, as white colour in flowers has been considered a sort
of special guide for crepuscular and night-flying moths. The colour of the
Plusias matched so well that of the blooms in the now fading light, that I
wondered whether, when darkness actually set in, the moths would adjourn
to the white blooms, so walked around and around the bed, watching
developments, doubtless to the amusement or mystification of the park
frequenters. After a while a moth fluttered over the bed, and went boldly
into a white blossom. I tried to box it, but was in too great a hurry and
missed, but saw that it was no Plusia. Next moment I had it, or another
—Cucullia intermedia. There were soon lots of them, and without
exception they selected the white blooms, while the Plusias kept to the
dark ones, and long after it was so dark that one could see only the
swaying blossoms by the light of the nearest street lamp, they kept to their
respective colours. ‘The result of the evening’s catch was 67 Plusia pre-
cationis and 23 Cucullia intermedia, and nothing else. Not a singie moth
was seen to get into the tube of any of the washed-out coloured blossoms,
though they were continually fluttering past. On several other evenings
up to the 8th September, the same two moths were the sole visitors of
the Petunias.

*Read before Montreal Branch, Entomological Soc. of Ontario, Nov. 9, 1907,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Fi

NEW SPECIES OF COLORADO APHIDIDA#, WITH NOTES
UPON THEIR LIFE-HABITS.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.
(Continued from Vol. XXXIX, page 396.)

Myzus Braggti, n. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 1, 2, 3).

A beautiful pale yellowish or greenish-yeliow louse, with bluish-green
markings ; upon Canada thistle, Carduus arvensts.
Winged Male (Fig. 3).

Described from specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colo., Oct. 26, 1906.

General colour light yellow, or greenish-yellow. Head, thorax,
antenne, tarsi and distal ends of tibiz black or blackish. The dorsum of
the abdomen has black transverse bands on all of the segments, except
the first two. Femora black in distal two-thirds, but light near the coxe.
The pleuron of the mesothorax, the cox, more or less of the cornicles,
about four or five spots on either lateral margin of the abdomen, the beak
except at base, the subanal and subgenital plates, and the nervures of the
wings, dusky brown to blackish in colour. Eyes dark red; cauda pale
yellow ; cornicles .40 mm. long, slender, cylindrical, straight, or very
slightly curved, and with flange at free end. Length of body, 1.80 mm.;
length of wing, 3 mm.; length of antenne, 2.30 mm. Prothorax without
lateral tubercles, a slight tubercle on vertex of head for ocellus. Joints of
antennz measure about as follows: III .51, IV .43, V .37, VI .11, and
VII .go mm. The sensoria are abundant on segments three, four and
five. They are oval and placed with their greater diameters across the
antennal segments. A cluster of about six or eight sensoria are placed at
the end of segment six. ‘
Winged Viviparous Female (Fig. 1).

Described from specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colorado, Oct. 5, ’07-

In general appearance hardly unlike the male described above, but
differs by being a little larger (about 2 mm. long), by having the black
colour upon dorsum of the abdomen in a solid rectangular patch on joints
3, 4 and 5, by having a transverse band on joint 6, and by lacking the
black tip to the abdomen, but with subgenital plate dusky. Sensoria
abundant on joints 3, 4 and 5 asin the male; cornicles slender, a little
curved and .50 mm. long.
Apterous Viviparous Female (Fig. 2).

The ground colour of this female is very pale greenish-yellow, with a
broad but more or less obscure dark stripe of green extending over the

thorax and abdomen about midway between the median and lateral lines
January, 1908

18 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the dorsum upon either side. In some specimens, however, the green
colour is quite distinct and pronounced. ‘The whole body, in some speci-
mens, is tinged more or less distinctly with flesh colour, the head being
the lightest. The distal portions of the antennee, tibia, cornicles, beak
and the entire tarsi infuscated; eyes dark red; entire length of body 2
mm.; antenne 2 mm. Joints of antennze about as follows: I and II
together .1o mm.; III .40,- IV :34, V .31, Vi-.10, and Vili jaosmime
Cornicles .70 to .80 mm. long, gently curved in form and quite slender.
Style rather long, upturned. The body has many capitate hairs, but there
are none of these hairs upon the antennz or legs; the tubercles for the
antennze are quite prominent and slightly gibbous. ‘The first joint of the
antenna is much larger than the second, and strongly gibbous on the inner
side, giving the appearance of receiving joint 2 upon the outer side. There
is a slight frontal prominence bearing two capitate hairs ; prothoracic
tubercles wanting. The lice have been so numerous upon the thistles as
to utterly kill many of them.

Afpterous Oviparous Female.

Mr. Bragg and I have been searching for the oviparous females for at
least two weeks, and those obtained to-day (Oct. 5, ’07) are the first that
we have noticed this season, although I saw a few eggs upon thistles one
week ago. There certainly is not more than one oviparous female to 100
males upon the plants at this time. The eggs are bright yellow in colour
when frst deposited, but gradually change to black. I am able to find
but very few of these upon the stems and leaves of the thistles, but they
are scattered in small numbers over the plants. This form closely
resembles the apterous viviparous form. A technical description has not
been made. |
The Pupa.

The pupe are light greenish-yellow in general colour, with two longi-
tudinal dashes running over the mesothorax, with a large green spot on
either side of the first segment of the abdomen, and with a broken
longitudinal line of green on either side of the dorsum of the abdomen
extending over segments three, four, five and six. This green colour is
a very conspicuous marking upon the light background of the general
colour of the pupa.

I find that my winged males fora time retain the green colour mark-
ings that are so prominent on the apterous females and the pupe. After
a few hours’ exposure to the daylight these winged males lose the green
colouring and take on the dark colouring of the abdomen mentioned
above. All of the individuals seem now (Oct. 5) to be acquiring wings,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

and, so far as I can find, all are becoming males, although I find an
occasional yellowish-green egg that probably is being deposited by
Oviparous females upon the stems of the thistle.

The Canada thistle upon which this louse has been found occurs upon
a small area in the suburbs of Fort Collins, where the seeds were intro-
duced some twenty years ago. I have never seen the thistle in the
surrounding country, and neither Mr. Bragg nor myself have ever found
this louse upon other food-plants, but it seems probable that such must
occur here. The lice have been most abundant during the month of
October, and we have not seen them during the spring or summer months,
though carefully searched for. The lice are rather broad and flat, and so
near the colour of the leaves of the thistle that they are seen with difficulty
unless very numerous.

Myzus vince, n. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 4, 5).
Alate Viviparous Female (Fig. 5). Type specimens taken at Fort Collins,
Noy. 11, 1907, upon Vznca sp. in the College greenhouse.

General colour pale greenish-yellow. Head, antenne, transverse
band on pronotum, mesothorax above, laterally and beneath; a transverse
band upon each segment of the abdomen dorsally, spots along lateral
margins of the abdomen, cauda, subanal and subgenital plates, tarsi, distal
ends of femora and tibiz, and beak, except at base, black or blackish ;
eyes dark red. Upon segments 3 to 5 of the abdomen the bands unite to
form a large blotch. _

Body, 1.70 mm.; antenna, 2.37 mm.; cornicles, .29 mm.; wing, 3.20
ini. c2nda,..13 mm. . Antennal-joints.: TLE .56, 1V..45,-V 2397, VI .1s,
VII .73 mm. Cornicles cylindrical, with distinct flange at apex; 3rd joint
of antenna with about 15 sensoria that are scarcely tuberculate; no sensoria
on joint 4; cauda tail-like, upturned; beak barely reaching 3rd coxz ;
antenne upon moderate frontal tubercles, the inner sides gibbous, as are
the inner sides of the first joints of the antenna ; lateral tubercles of pro-
thorax wanting. A few red specks, the eyes of embryo lice, can usually
be seen over the abdomen. In some examples segments 2, 3, 4 and 5 of
the abdomen have black transverse dashes near their iateral margins.
Afpterous Viviparous Female (Fig. 4).

Colour light yellowish-green, with black markings above and dark red
eyes ; cauda concolorous with body, antenna, legs and cornicles light
yellowish-brown ; distal ends of joints 3, 4 and 5 and all of joints 6 and
7 of antenna and extreme ends of cornicles and tarsi black ; distal ends of
tibize slightly infuscated.

Length of body, 1.90 to 2.10 mm.; antenna, 2.70 to 2.80 mm.;
cornicles, .45 mm, cylindrical or slightly enlarged towards base, slightly

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bent, and the distal end with a rather strong flange. Joints of antenna
about as follows: III .65, 1V .52, V.40, VI .18, VII .79 mm. Antennal
tubercles strongly gibbous, and first joints of antennz moderately gibbous;
cauda conical and upturned. A few of the eyes of embryos usually show as
bright red specks in the abdomen. No dark markings on ventral surface.

The black coloration above consists of rather broad’ irregular trans-
verse bands, one for each segment of the thorax and one each for joints 2,
3 and 4 of the abdomen, the last being broadest and the only one that
extends across the middle of the dorsum, the others being cut by a median
light portion concolorous with the rest of the body.

It seems probable that some of the past references to AZ. dianthi
are really of this species.

I hesitate to call this a new species, but have been unable to find a
description that will fit it. It is closely allied to the persica, dianthi,
achyrantes group, especially in the alate form.

Mr. Bragg has taken this louse upon liltaceous plants, asparagus,
asparagus fern, Aquilegia and Rumex sp. in the greenhouse, and it was
sent me from Boulder, Colorado, by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, who
found it in large numbers upon a lily indoors. I have taken it repeatedly
upon Vinca and asparagus in greenhouses. Mr. Bragg tells me he has
found it colonized upon several other greenhouse plants which he has not
noted. It is evidently a very general feeder when abundant. Sexual
forms and eggs have not been found. There are many apterous but few
alate forms in the College greenhouse at this date, Nov. 20, ’o7.
Callipterus robinie, Gillette. (For description see Vol. XX XIX, page 395.)

Winged viviparous female, plate 1, fig. 6; oviparous female, fig. 7 ;
winged maie, fig. 8.

This louse is solitary in its habits, and the winged forms are very active
jumpers upon being approached. It has been fairly common, but not
abundant, upon the under side of the leaves of the black locust in Denver
and about Ft. Collins for the past two years, On November gth, after
the leaves had nearly all fallen, I saw the oviparous females with their

long-drawn-out abdomens depositing eggs upon rough places in the bark
of small limbs of locust trees in Denver parks.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
Figures 1, 2 and 3, alate viviparous female, apterous viviparous
female and alate male of JZyzus Braggti, n. sp. Figures 4 and 5, apterous
viviparous female and alate viviparous female of A/izus vince, Nn. sp.

Figures 6, 7 and 8, alate viviparous female, apterous oviparous female and

alate male of Cad/ipterus robinie, n. sp. All enlarged 15 diameters.
Original; Miriam A. Palmer artist.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, | ae

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF MANITOBAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY E. FIRMSTONE HEATH, CARTWRIGHT, MAN.

A good many fresh species and some few new to science have been
taken in Manitoba since the publication of my list in 1904—additional to
that by Mr. A. W. Hanham, then residing in Winnipeg, which appeared
in this magazine a few years previously. Before giving my record I may
make some remarks upon the appearance, disappearance and apparent
migration of some species, which, I trust, will prove interesting.

When first I began to collect here, about 25 years ago, Preris
protodice, Bd. and Lec., was the only white butterfly and was abundant.
Then a few stragglers of P. rape, Linn., appeared, and the number of
protodice became gradually less and less ; now it has entirely disappeared,
and we have to wage war with rage in order to grow a few members of
the cabbage family in our gardens. Last year this species made a clean
sweep where pyrethrum powder was not used. In my own garden it fell
back upon a bed of mignonette, greatly to its detriment. In England
rape, with its relative brassicae, is kept in check by a small ichneumon
fly ; here it seems to be unmolested, and it seems desirable to import the
parasite.

Colias cesonia, Stoll., appeared here some years ago and in some
numbers. I caught two and saw many more flitting over growing grain,
where they could not be followed ; none have been seen since.

Vanessa Californica, Bdv., has appeared twice at dates several years
apart. Pyramets Huntera, Fabr., is also of very uncertain occurrence.

Some of the Theclas used to he plentiful—now they have all
_ disappeared. Likewise many of the Pamphilas that 1 used to take are
no longer to be found.

Argynnis Edwardsit, Reak., a green-winged species, appeared in
numbers some years ago. I took a couple of dozen, and could have
taken more. It disappeared as suddenly as it came, and not one was
seen during the following season.

With both butterflies and moths—especially the latter—there seems
to be a gradual and constant migration from the south west, northwards as
far as Manitoba, but very little movement from due east to the westward,
or vice versa. The cool, high land north of Lake Superior seems to form
a barrier to migration from Ontario, and the bare, treeless plains to our
west are an obstacle to Albertan species. Still, some forms new to
science occasionally appear, and it is a puzzle to know whence they came.
In the south-eastern part of this Province there is much roughly-wooded

January, 1908

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

land, mostly unfit for agriculture, and in it I do not think there is a single
collector. The few we have are nearly all in the central portion of the:
Province, and I alone am near the southern boundary,

I have taken a few specimens during the last two years of RAzzagrotis
perolivalis, Smith, a species which was, I believe, originally taken near
Calgary in Alberta, and during the same years some six or seven examples
of Xylophasia Miniota, Smith, came to my sugared trees during the early
part of June. Miniota, where the first specimens were taken that reached
Dr. J. B. Smith, and hence the name, is about the centre of the western
boundary of Manitoba. The species is a large and conspicuous one, as
large as Hadena devastatrix, Brace, and one that could not possibly be
overlooked by a collector. It is strange that it should simultaneously
appear in two places so far apart.

Euxoa focinus, Smith, was taken by me for the first time in 1906.

In, I think, 1884 Dezlephila lineata, Fabr., was very plentiful, so
much so that I only took the trouble to catch two or three. I have not
seen it since. The other species, D. Chamenerii, Harris, is generally to
be seen at bloom in the early summer.

In 1905 I took at sugar about two dozen of Dargida procinctus,
Grote, prior to which date I have only taken a couple ; in 1906 I did not
see one. Whole genera have disappeared, but this may in great measure
be attributed to the destruction of food-plants by cultivation and by
cattle. Ihave not taken an Hydroecia for some years, thanks to my
sheep having cleared up all the weeds in the scrub and in the paddocks
round about my house. The Leucanias and the Plusias have also been
very scarce lately —probably from the same cause. I do not think I have
taken an Arctian imago or seen a larva for the last two or three years ;
the same may be said of the genus Schinia.

The Chorizagrotis genus has, on the other hand, come out strongly.
I have now taken six out of the eight species listed ; during the earlier
years of my collecting I rarely met with it. The first species to be
captured was C. introferens, Grote, and the others followed. With regard
to Geometers the case is somewhat different ; they may be here, but the
weather may be unfavourable for them to come to light or to be much on
the wing. The same with the Micros; I have taken hardly any for -the
last two seasons. In 1906 our few species of Sphingide seemed to have
disappeared ; perhaps owing to the weather, light had no attraction; at all
events, I did not get any, while in some previous seasons they were a
perfect nuisance, as I had to kill them off my windows before I could take
other things that I wanted.

©

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 2

I have been exchanging a little lately with brother collectors in
Saskatchewan and Alberta, and have been much struck by the apparent
differences between specimens of the same species taken here and those
from localities 500 to 800 miles further west. So much is this the case
that Manitoban species, in some instances, are hardly to be recognized at
first from descriptions made from western examples.

Besides those mentioned in the following list, I have some six or
seven Noctuids which have been seen by Dr. J. B. Smith, and regarding
whose names—if they have any—he will give no opinion without further
material ; among these are two Polias and some Euxoas. Some of the
names in my list are taken from Dr. Fletcher's Record in the Reports of
the Entomological Society of Ontario.

I wish again to thank Dr. J. B. Smith for his unvarying patience and
kindness in identifying species for us poor collectors out in the wild
western country. Where no locality is given in: the following list, the
species was taken upon my own farm :

Acronycta cretata, Sm.—At sugar in the early part of July. I have
taken several specimens during the last three or four years, but never in
any large numbers.

Acronycta speratina, Sm.—I understand that Dr. Smith now says that
what we had formerly named sferafa, Grote, is a new species.

Hadena cerivana, Sm.—Several during the last few years, both at
bloom and at sugar, but never abundant.

Hadena exhausta, Sm.—Several at sugar in the beginning of July.

Hadena Barnesii, Sm.—Aweme (Criddle), Aug. 22.

Xylophasia Miniota, Sm.—Several at sugar in June ; also at Miniota.

Homohadena fifia, Dyar.—More abundant here than the paler
badistriga with the white secondaries. At light during the summer.

Ancocnemis iricolor, Sm.-—At light, Aweme, Sept. 9.

Rhyncagrotis scopeops, Dyar.—Or something very much like it.
Several taken with a/teruata at sugar during August.

Rhyncagrotis minimalis, Grote.—At sugar in August ; rare.

Rhyncagrotis anchocelioides, Guen.— Formerly listed as cupida.

Agrotis aurulenta, Sm.—Aweme, June 16, 1904.

Noctua substrigata, Sm.—Rounthwaite (Marmont).

Chorizagrotis inconcinna, Harv.—Several of this variable species
flying about currant bloom, etc., in June.

Rhizagrotis perolivalis, Sm.—Two taken for the first time in 1906 at
bloom.

24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Euxoa focinus, Sm.—Two taken at sugar, July 20; first appearance.

Euxoa acutifrons, Sm.—Two taken at sugar, Aug. 26, 1904, and
Sept. ro, 1905.

Anytus profundus, Sm.—With privatus at sugar, occasionally.

Fishia Yosemite, Grote.
Mamestra juncimacula, Sm.—At sugar in July ; scarce.
Mamestra Columbia, Sm.—Listed as JZ. meditata, Grote.
Mamestra Tacoma, Streck.—Sometimes rather plentiful at bloom.
Mamestra cuneata, Grote.—One only, at sugar, July 4, 1904.
Mamestra acuterrima, Sm.—At sugar in July ; sometimes plentiful.
Mamestra pensilis, Grote.—Listed as vécina, Grote.

Mamestra larissa, Grote.—Listed as anguina, Grote.

Leucania multilinea, Walk.—Two or three taken at light.

Xylina innominata, Sm.—Listed as ségnosa, Grote.

Xylina merceda, Sm.— ) Plentiful at sugar of late years in Sept.

Xylina, -aneilla;-sm:—— 1a Oct.

Papaipema Harrisii, Grote—One only, at sugar.

Orthosia Americana, Morr.—One at sugar, Aug. 8, 1904.

Orthosia helva, Grote.—One at sugar, Sept. 7, 1904.

Orthosia verberata, Sm.—At sugar occasionally with dzcolorago, Guen.

Nycterophaeta luna, Morr.—Aweme, June 23.

Pseudotamila Avemensis, Dyar.— Aweme.

Melicleptria sexata, Sm.—Aweme.

Peectes oculatrix, Guen.—Aweme, June 20.

Aletia argillacea, Hubn.—One at sugar, Sept. 30, 1905.

Drasteria distincta, Neum.—One or two occasionally.

Syneda Hudsonica, G. & R.—Listed as Medipotis limbolaris, Geyer.

Catocala crataegi, Saund.—Fairly abundant at sugar.

Catocala abbreviatella, var. Whitneyi, Dodge.—Rare ; only two taken.

Catocala cerogama, Guen.—Two taken for the first time, Aug. 18,
1906.

Catocala verecunda, Hulst.—Rare.

Catocala relicta, Walk.—The white form dzanca, Hy. Edw., and a
very dark form, almost, if not quite, as dark as the Pacific Coast form
elda, Behr., have been fairly plentiful during the last few years.

Bomolocha lutalba, Sm.—About the middle of July, 1905, on the
wing about cherry, saskatoon, etc., bushes, with Chyfolita petrealis, etc.

Prionapteryx nebulifera, Stephen.—Aweme.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN PAPAIPEMA (HYDR@:CIA).

BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y.
Sad
(Continued from Vol. XXXIX, page 317.)

It is rather remarkable that in penetrating the seclusion which has so
thoroughly surrounded our Pafaifema species until recently many new
specific forms should be met with prior to the discovery of the early
histories of some already described. In fact, it seems very much easier
to go out and encounter something new and unheard of among their
Jarvee, than to run down in their early stages certain species already long
known to us as moths. Of course, in territory as little worked as our
great Northwest, with its diversity of elevation and humidity, this might
easily occur, but to meet a species new to us in New York City limits
that is general throughout the Atlantic States, and even occurs west of
the Alleghany Mountains, and is actually a most common insect when we
know where to put our finger on it, gives us a better conception of the
habits of this secretive genus. So, when another new form first appears
at Rye, where for many years a search of presumed diligence has con-
tinued, we are reminded how superficial were the endeavours and how
little has been seen after all. Two years ago an enigmatic form was bred,
and was carried for want of better definition under the label ‘(?)} hybrid,”
but of what it might be a hybrid did not satisfactorily suggest itself. It
soon appeared that there was no ground for considering so prevalent a
form a random case of hybridism ; its constancy and wide distribution
argue against even an environmental variation that might be perpetuating
itself. Neither is it suggested by any lapse of superficial character that
some allied species wandering to a new food-plant has acquired a new
habitus which we do not now recognize. Confronted by these facts, and
finding its larva differing from the closest allies, we are able to give
specific standing to still another departure in the Papazpema group.

Papaipema duplicatus, 0. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth.
Ground colour dark brown. Antenne simple in both sexes ; vestiture of
thorax and head one shade of grayish-brown with a lilac reflection, the
collar having but the faintest paler edging above; the anterior thoracic
tuft proportionate, but less adze-shaped than in some species; other
tuftings normally present. Primaries have the markings obsolete, except-

ing the t.a. and thet. p. lines that divide the wing into three slightly
January, 1908

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

contrasting areas, of which the median space is unduly contracted, and
has on the inner margin of the wing less than one-third of this extent, an
unusual feature. A slight powdering of glistening-gray scales occurs, but
they are more minute and scattered in this species. No basal markings ;
all inside the t. a. line is grayish-brown with the lilac tinting. The spots
are wanting in the median field, which is of a solid brown or umber hue,
excepting one specimen of the series, which shows the central, lunulate
marking of the reniform, barely defined with grayish scales. The t. p.
line is the more evident marking, and is straight or nearly so in its
oblique course ; it is fasciate rather than geminate, accentuated outwardly
by a grayish powdering that affects the whole terminal space; the under
colour is the same lilac-gray as the anterior space. The s. f.limemic
obsolete, or traceable only by a few glistening scales. Subterminal space
darkens at the margin. The fringes are silken and slightly dentate.
Secondaries pale smoky-brown. Beneath the usual powderings over a
lighter ground colour. The structural characters of the male show no

departure from the typical form. Expanse, 1.25 to 1.50 inches ; 32 to
37 mm.

Co-types are placed in the U.S. National and the British Museums.
Seventeen examples, from various points within a four-hundred-mile
radius, happen to be at hand for description, but the species is doubtless
common throughout the geographical range of its food-plant. It comes
closest, perhaps, to zzteZa, but its darker, browner tone easily separates it,
and the very late date of flight is a noticeable feature.

The food-plant is Co/linsonia Canadensis, and the young larve do
not hatch from the hibernated eggs until the middle of June in this locality.
The stem is entered a few inches above ground, where sufficiently tender,
and a gallery is extended to the peculiar woody root-stock. But a limited
cell is here made, though the last three stages are passed in the root
proper, and pupation generally occurs there if the tissues are not broken.
The young larve are typical with the zzfe/a series. In the penultimate
stage we find the typical, cylindrical larva, from which the previous darker
colouring has faded to a soiled, whitish translucence, and having the
continuous dorsal line in evidence. Head, 2.2 mm. wide ; chestnut-
brown, darker than wzz¢e/a, and with the side marking less distinct. The
thoracic and anal plates are also darker, and the tubercles, though small,
are better defined than in the ally. While the leg plates bear setze, there

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27

seems an entire absence of the latter at any tubercle on joints two to ten,
inclusive. The accessory plate 1Va on joint ten does not appear. Length,
38 to 40 mm. .

Maturity shows the larva a little more translucent, with the former
characteristics continuing; sete, however, are now found at the usual
plates. It is possible the inflate of the preceding stage may have
suffered in preparation, as the hairs ought normally to be present. Head,
2.6 mm. wide ; tubercles defined by the merest black dots; IVa absent
On joint ten; spiracles small, black. Length, 42 to 45 mm. Pupation
occurs Aug. 15 to 21 3 emergence, Sept. 30 to Oct. 28,

By the difference in colour of the head one may readily separate this
larva from either z7¢teZa or eupatorzi, and differences of the dorsal line, or
the tubercle [Va on joint ten, afford distinguishing features when compar-
ing xecopina, imperturbata, or nelita, while it is a month behind the last
named species in final developments.

The active, shining, chestnut-brown pupa has no frontal development
or other feature out of the ordinary. The anal spur consists of two
divergent, slightly curved and very sharp branches. Length, 20 mm.

It has recently developed that one of our Papaifema moths is
incorrectly determined, and permission has been granted to define this
improperly-placed species. Material forwarded to the British Museum to
assist a forthcoming volume of the Catalogue of Lepidoptera, contained
examples of the presumed /impida, of Guenée. Sir Geo. Hampson
informs us, however, that the determination is quite in error, that the
type, which is there placed, positively represents some other species.
This leaves the species we have been calling /#mpida without position,
and as it is one which the writer observed in its early stages at Rye,
permission for a further treatment affords great pleasure. It had been
inferred from Grote’s writings that /zmpida was very close to cerussata, so
it was easy to get this erroneous impression concerning our Speedwell
form. ‘The very labour involved in locating and securing bred examples,
together with its trim appearance and distinctive larval phases, has quite
endeared the species to the writer. Also its rarity as a larva, the
extremely local features of its occurrence, which is more a particular plant
selection rather than a case of geographical distribution, and its late
appearance as a moth, has surrounded the species with an individuality
most welcome in a genus necessarily showing many commingling
characteristics. During the seven years since the larva was discovered in

€

28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

one of the few wasteland spots that are left in Rye—and chance, by the
way, has not thus far furnished it from other quarters—a continued local
search has been made each year, and it is thoroughly known just what
particular Speedwell root will give up a larva each year. So scarce are
they, however, that four or five specimens per season is the best addition
we can make to our series, and it now follows we must have a new name
for the old friend.

Papaipema sctata, 0. sp.—Ground colour very deep umber-brown,
with a tinge of purple lake in fresh material. Head and thoracic vestiture
of one deep purple-brown hue ; the abdomen is umber-brown, without the
purple inflection. Antenne alike in both sexes, ciliate, the upper and
outer sides dark umber, the inner side distinctly white ; a small white
scale at the base. The collar has the usual cream-white edging above ;
the anterior thoracic tuft erect and spreading at the top; the posterior
one of the usual lesser prominence, its hair-like scales sloping backward
at forty-five degrees ; dorsal crests of abdomen normal. Primaries have
the costal margin very straight, the markings in some instances are
obscure, the chief ornamentation being the cream-white stigmata, Basal
spots and area not defined, all within the t. a. line of the purplish shading
as the thorax ; the median field deep umber-brown, becoming brighter at
the inner margin, where an illumination of red-brown scales often occurs.
The median shade line faint, blackish. The t. p. line is geminate, sweeps
outward from its costal inception to the lower end of reniform, continuing
thence nearly straight to the inner margin. S.t. line appears as an
irregular, darker illumination on the glistening purple ground of the
terminal and subterminal spaces. Reniform of the normal broken appear-
ance, cream-white. Orbicular and claviform same colour, the latter
double, a commingling of two, superimposed, ovate spots ; the axis of this
marking forming a more acute angle with the costa than is the case in
most species. The usual patch of lighter ground colour at the apex is
wanting in the series. Secondaries of a uniform smoky-umber hue, the
veins showing darkly. There is some variation in the depth of this
colouring. Beneath the wings are heavily powdered with dark scales, the
fringes and mesial shade line darkly defined. The male structures, while
typical, differ from duplicatus and nite/a in having the lower point of the
triangular tip of the harpes less drawn out and tooth-like. The clasper is
the same stout, curved claw, with its outer edge minutely roughened like
saw-teeth.

Expanse, 1:20 to 1.45 inches ; 30 to 36 mm.

hs
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Fourteen specimens, embracing both sexes, are at hand, and others
have been reared. Examples bearing a co-type label will be placed in the
U. S. National and British Museums, where the species is already
represented by specimens from Rye, N. Y. It must have a wide distribu-
tion over the Middle Atlantic States, though Webster, N. H., is the only
other locality positively recalled. Scéata resembles both cerussata and
Srigida, but its smaller size, darker tone and absence of white basal spots
superficially separate it, while its larva is entirely different. For descrip-
tion of the latter, with notes of early history, consult this magazine (Can,
Ent., Vol. XXXIII, p. 64). Correspondents will now bear in mind the
change in the /¢mpzda label.

There seems reason for the introduction of two other species at this
time, in view of forthcoming literature, so that our list may be as fully up
to date as possible. One of these is a Pacific Coast form, the other an
eastern one, which probably has a boreal tendency. While it might have
been better to await a larval acquaintance, it is feared this desideratum
may be too remote to be waited for.

Papaipema imperspicua, n. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth.
Ground colour yellowish-brown. Antennze minutely ciliate, no white
scales at base. Head and thorax purple-brown, the erect tuft spreading at
the top, posterior tuft and the abdominal ones also normal. Basal spots
indistinct, of the ground colour. T. a. line geminate, of the usual sinuous
course, but its lower section bends outwardly and encloses more area than
is usual ; this area is an even, dull purple. The t. p. line is distinctly
geminate and even in its course, the inner line a fine brown lunulate
marking. It has an angled bend as it passes the reniform, rather than the
broad sweep which is common to so many. The median field is yellowish-
brown, the lower part yellower and brighter. The shade line is distinct
and of a deep brown. The central marking of the reniform is all that
appears, defined in a lighter hue of the ground colour. Orbicular and
claviform wanting. Thes. t. line isa fine lunulate yellow marking ; at
the costal tip there is outwardly a yellow dash. The terminal space is the
even shade of purple which holds inside thet. a. line, the subterminal space
is yellowish-brown again. Secondaries even smoky-brown. The male
structures agree with the pattern of wzfe/a, the outwardly dentate harpes
with a prolonged lower lobe, and the heavy spinulated tip, follow the
common design. Expanse, 1.50 in.; 37 mm.

»

30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The species in a way resembles wzimoda and frigida, but the sexual
characters preclude such an association. With cerwssata there may be a
closer bond, but the latter has been seen with concolorous stigmata, and
this phase of its variation is understood. The type is from. Mrs. A. T.
Slosson, taken at Franconia, N. H., a locality renowned for the multitude
and value of its disclosures. Buffalo, N. Y., is another locality for the
species.

Paprpema limata, n. sp.—Form congeneric, front smooth, pattern
conventional. Vestiture of head and thorax yellow, overlaid with pinkish
scales ; the tufts normal. Antennz simple. Wings are a little narrow ;
ground colour bright lemon-yellow. The absence of powderings on the
primaries makes them appear more thinly scaled than usual. Basai area
defined and of the ground colour. T. a. line incomplete, in the lower
half of its course lost entirely. The area it encloses is small and of the
dull pink which replaces, in this case, the usual purple markings. The
t. p. line is double, though the inner one is extremely fine ; the outer is
well shown, is the most noticeable of any transverse marking, curves
outwardly past the reniform, from which it is well removed and defines a
median field of good proportion, brightly coloured with the ground shade.
The shade line is wanting, but a washing of the pinkish hue holds between
the orbicular and reniform. The latter is broken, restricted in length, its
axis 1s one-third less than that of the other combined spots and is pure
white. The claviform and orbicular are large and brightly white, the
former consisting of two confluent ovate spots, the latter a larger ovate
spot. The terminal space is pink, the subterminal yellow, but there is no
definite line dividing the two. The secondaries are paler yellowish and
very silken. The beautiful silken fringes are a little pinker than the
adjoining wing. Underneath of the same pale yellow, with pink
powderings.

The type specimen comes to hand through the courtesy of Prof. J. B.
Smith, and bears the locality label of the Washington Experiment Station,
Pullman, Wash., date Sept. 25th, 1898, but the name of the collector is
wanting. The species has no very close counterpart in the east, and
approaches somewhat zuswlidens, which comes from Vancouver Island,
but its lighter tone and markings sufficiently differentiate it. While the
antenne and abdomen are broken, the specimen is in good condition
otherwise, and may well stand as the type to represent the species. ~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sf

A FOSSIL LEAF-CUTTING BEE.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.

In the course of our excavations at Florissant, we had found more
than once fossil leaves cut as though by AZegachile. Yet we did not feel
positive that the injury might not have been produced in some other
manner, and it was certainly not permissible to assume the former
presence of AZegachi/e on such slender evidence. However, in going over
the collections of 1907, I now find a veritable leaf-cutting bee, herewith
described :

Megachile predicta, n. sp.

2 .— Length (with the head thrust forward) 11 mm.; width of head
3, of thorax 4, of abdomen 3°/, mm.; abdomen oval, its length about 5
mm.; the dense ventral scopa can be clearly seen with the compound
microscope, and the apical depressions of the segments are visible and
quite normal. Head and thorax black, abdomen red. As preserved, the
wings are also red, but this is due to a ferruginous infiltration. The
abdomen is no doubt stained in the same way, but since it was evidently
not black, it was presumably red, as in the Australian JZ. abdominadlis,
Smith. Head and thorax strongly and extremely closely punctured ;
punctures on front considerably larger than those on mesothorax ; clypeus
densef-punctured ; inner orbits straight, somewhat converging below ;
ocelli large, in a curve ; a groove runs downward from the middle ocellus.
Anterior wing about 7 mm. long (the tip not visible) ; venation quite
normal; stigma large for a Megachi/e; marginal cell rather obtusely
pointed, away from costa; basal nervure ending a little behind (apicad
of) transverso-medial ; second ‘transverso-cubital with a double curve ;
second recurrent nervure gently and evenly curved outwards, and ending
a little before tip of second submarginal cell, the cell being rounded, not
angulate, at its lower outer corner; lower part of basal nervure quite
strongly curved.

The following measurements are in micromillimeters :

Depth of stigma, 238 ; length of marginal cell, 2006 ; width of mar-
ginal, 510; length of first submarginal, 1343; of second submarginal,
1122; of first discoidal, 1921 ; basal nervure on first s. m. about 340;
b. n. on first discoidal, 935 (or rather more, allowing for curve) ; b. n.
short of t. m. about 68; length of first t. c., 340; origin of first t. c. to
insertion of first r. n,, 102 ; insertion of first r. n. to-insertion of second,

986 ; insertion of secondr, n. to corner of second s. m. about 68 ; insertion
January, 1908

©
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

of second t.c. on marginal to apex of latter, 935; length of first rn,
969; diameter of second discoidal cell at apex, 663; diameter of ocelli
about 255 ; distance between middle and lateral ocelli about 170. The
t. m. nervure is straight, scarcely oblique, 306 long.

Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, Station 14 (W. P. Cockerel/,
1907).

This is the first fossil AZegachi/e. A nameless Chalicodoma was said
by Brischke (1886) to occur in Prussian amber.

MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 6.
BY -C;:S., LUDLOW, “MosC.,.. WASHINGTON, —D:2e-
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General, U.S. Army, Washington, D. C.

In a collection of mosquitoes from the Philippine Islands, received
with no locality or date attached, is a most interesting lot of Stegomyia
Jasciata (calopus ).

In all cases the thoracic markings are those of the type, sometimes
those of var. mosquito, Desv.; the leg markings are normal ; the cephalic
markings vary from normal to an almost entirely pure white head, and the
abdomen from the normal to a pure white (dorsal surface) abdomen.
All-grades of this latter peculiarity are present, some specimens having
only additional apical bands on the segments, some showing a continuous
median white stripe, some with all the segments but the 6th and 7th pure
white, while a few have the whole of the dorsal aspect of the abdomen, pure
white, with the exception of a small lateral brown spot on the last segment.
In a collection of about forty specimens twenty-one showed some form
of these variations. Once before I had one specimen of this specics with
a white abdomen, and I have also reported one specimen with one hind
leg normal and the other lacking the white bands, but a lot like this has
never reached me before. ‘There has also been received a new Cellia—
a genus not before reported from the Philippines.

Cellia flava, n. sp.—Female. Head dark, covered mostly with light
yellow or white forked scales, a few brown ones laterad and ventrad, a
heavy bunch of very long, slender white curved scales projecting forward
between the eyes, some brown bristles around the eyes ; antennz almost
white, a minute brown band at the base of each row of verticels, verticels
and pubescence white ; palpi almost white, basal joint testaceous, the
distal half covered with yellow and white scales, 1.e., the apex with a broad

band of white followed by a broad yellow band, a minute brown basal
January, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33

band on the ultimate and penultimate joints, the antepenultimate is
distally white, then a broad yellow band occupying most of the joint, a
narrow basal brown band, and the remainder of the palpi heavily scaled
by brown with some intermixture of yellow scales. Proboscis light, base
heavily brown scaled, then a mottled portion extending to the distal third,
which is covered with light yellow scales, except a narrow brown band at
its extremity, labella light orange ; clypeus testaceous ; eyes brown.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes testaceous, covered with light and brown
flat spatulate scales; mesonotum light and delicate, with two small
submedian or laterad brown spots (not scaled) about one-third the length
of the mesonotum from the head, sometimes another pair just cephalad-
laterad to these, a suggestion of a brown median line, the whole (except
spots) covered with white slender hair-like curved scales, a few small flat
curved or spatulate scales scattered throughout, more noticeable laterad,
especially cephalad of the wing joint, and-at the nape growing into a tuft
of long flat curved spatulate scales, a dark median spot in front of the
scutellum ; scutellum dark in the middle, side light, brown bristles ;
pleura light, with some brown lines ; metanotum light, with median brown
stripe.
Abdomen light or dirty gray, sparsely covered with long flat spatulate
white or yellow scales and white or Jight yellow bristles, heavy lateral tufts
of long brown broadly truncate scales on most (6) of the segments, the
last segment more heavily white scaled.

Legs: coxee light, sparsely covered with long spatulate white scales,
and white bristles ; trochanters light, mostly brown scaled ; femora of the
fore legs somewhat thickened at the base, in all legs covered with irregular
bands or spots of brown and white, and have a very narrow white apical
band ; tibize mottled in the same way, first tarsal (metatarsi) joint also
mottled, and has narrow apical light bands more marked on the hind
legs ; remainder of tarsal joints on fore and mid legs more or less distinctly
mottled and having narrow apical light bands ; on the hind legs the second
tarsal has a broad apical white band, the third broad apical and basal
white bands ; the fourth and fifth marked in the same way ; ungues sim-
ple and equal.

Wings light, and mostly light scaled, on the costa are two tiny basal
dark spots, four large brown spots, and a tiny brown spot between the
two more proximal larger spots; all of which extend on the first long
vein, and an analogous intermediate spot on the first long vein. Wing-
field somewhat spotted, but mostly light scaled ; a dark spot on each fork

= Ws THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

of the second long vein, third long vein light except small spots at the
apex and near its base, two small spots on the forks of the fourth, and a
couple on the stem, three small spots on upper fork of fifth, one on the
lower fork, stem light except that close to the base is a small dark spot,
sixth has three small spots, and the wing fringe is spotted between the
junctions of every vein.

Length 3.5 mm. 5 mm. with proboscis.

Maile, much as female. On the antenne the bands at the bases of
the verticels are more yellow; the palpi are not so distinctly marked,
there being a narrow brown band in the middle of the “club,” a white
band followed by yellow at the apex of the penultimate, with a brown spot
on one side and a very narrow basal brown band, the antepenultimate has
the light and dark bands rather irregularly placed and a tiny narrow white
band at the base (in one specimen this is nude). The leg markings are
perhaps more brilliant ; fore ungues markedly unequal, the larger with
a long tooth.

Habitat— Camp Wilhelm, Tayubar, P. I.

Taken Sept. 1907:

Described from four specimens collected by the Surgeon on duty at
this Port. It is a very unusual looking Anophiline, and its colouring is
very attractive.

A SUGGESTION REGARDING DEVELOPMENT RETARDED
BY (PARASELISM:
BY L. 0. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In volume V. of the Hope Reports, Professor Poulton republishes an
article by Mr. F. P. Dodd, entitled, “‘ Notes on Some Remarkable Para-
sitic Insects from North Queensland,” which was originally published in
the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, for May, 1906,
Part I. In this article, among other interesting things, Mr. Dodd shows
definitely that Schizaspidia and Rhipipallus of the Eucharide are true
parasites of ants. But the observation to which I wish particularly to call
attention is Mr. Poulton’s comment upon Mr. Dodd’s observations that
indicate a remarkable and long-persistent vitality in larve attacked by
Braconid parasites. Mr. Poulton says: ‘It is probable that within hot
latitudes, where a dead insect would quickly dry up and in other ways
deteriorate as food, the attacks of parasites have been specially adapted to

January, 1908

(Shy)
or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

prolong the victim’s life to its very utmost. The adaptation, of course,
always exists, but here we probably see it at its highest level.”

This retardation is by no means confined to Braconid parasites, but
also occurs with other parasites, and, as Mr. Poulton suggests, in other
than hot latitudes. I recall very well some observations which Mr.
Schwarz and I made on the larvee of P/usia brassice in cabbage fields in
Washington in rs8r. It was in the autumn, and full-grown larve of this
insect were rather abundant in the fields. Fifty or more specimens were
taken to the laboratory, and showed an almost complete percentage of
parasitism by Copidosoma truncatellum.

Some of the observations made at that time were recorded by me in
the American Naturalist for February, 1882, pp. 150-1, and also in the
Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture for 1883, p. 121. I
believed then, and J think Mr. Schwarz concurred (although neither of us
ever published the statement), that this practically complete percentage of
parasitism was not necessarily indicative of the whole percentage for the
season, but indicated that the parasitized larve remained longer in the
field, and without ocular evidence of parasitism for a considerable time
after the unparasitized individuals had spun up and transformed to ©
chrysalids.

In fact, it frequently occurs with lepidopterous larve, and, of course,
with other insects as well, that parasitized individuals grow more slowly
than the rest, and often may be identified by their smaller size. Many, as
we know, are destroyed before reaching full growth by certain parasites,
but many others reach the full larval size and linger on, sluggish it may
be, but apparantly unharmed for a considerable time after their unstung
mates have crawled away and hidden themselves for transformation, or
even perhaps, in case of multiple-brooded species, until individuals of a
succeeding generation have approximated their stage of growth.

The practical feature of all this in work with parasites comes from
the fact that we must take this retardation strictly into consideration in
estimating percentages of parasitism. Should larve in considerable
number be collected at the end of the season and kept for rearing pur-
poses, it appears that through this retardation of parasitized individuals it
may easily happen that an apparently almost complete percentage of
parasitism will be observed which will by no means indicate the true per-
centage with the generation as a whole.

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LAMPYRIDS, AND, AETUEDs:
BY ERIC MONTIZ\MBERT, PORT HOPE, ONT.

The great value of the Lampyride as destroyers of various insect
nuisances in their lirval stages is too well known to need comment, but I
doubt if many persons are aware that at least one species of this sub-order
has a particular relish for a certain aphid.

On June 8th, 1906, I was attracted by swarms of insects to a clump
of Golden rod (Solidago Canadensis) ; on drawing nearer I discovered
that the insects were Lampyrids of a common species ( Zéelephorus caro-
Jinus). Hundreds were swarming over-the plant, and this fact caused
me to look more closely. Upon doing so I discovered that they were
greedily devouring the big red aphids which were very common on
Solidago about here. The beetle would seize the aphid from the rear
with his mandibles and front feet, and in a few seconds would leave him
sucked dry. The number of aphids destroyed in this manner was
enormous. When I visited the plant the next day I saw nothing but
hundreds of dried-up aphid skins; no beetles were visible. The aphid
was Siphonophora rudbeckia.

A week later I noticed the same occurrence at a place eleven*miles
distant. The insects were identified for me by Dr. Fletcher, of Ottawa.

STHENGPIS THULE:
To the Editor of the “Canadian Entomologist” :

Sir,—I cannot allow the note of censure appended by you to my
paper on “ Collecting Sthenopis Thule,” in the December number, to pass
unchallenged, as I feel that it is undeserved.

The former supposed great rarity of this moth was due to our
ignorance of the food-plant, and, therefore, of the proper localities in which
to look for it. As to its supposed restriction of range, it is inconceivable
that a moth which feeds upon so common and generally distributed a tree
as the willow, and which produces such an enormous number of eggs,
could really be restricted to a very limited locality. Mr. Lyman found a
specimen in the British Museum which had been received from Mr. Barn-
ston, and was supposed to have been taken, along with other specimens, at
St. Martin’s Falls, on the Albany river. If it was really taken there, it
shows a very wide distribution to the north, but even if that specimen was
taken at Montreal, as has been privately suggested, there is still the state-
ment of Dr. Strecker that he had received a drawing of one taken in
Wisconsin, which would show a wide distribution to the west.

That it has not been taken to the south may indicate a northern
range, and I believe that it will be found in a northerly and north-westerly
direction, if looked for in its season where willow scrub abounds. It
should also be remembered that as its season is so short, it probably mates
immediately, and oviposits very early.

It should also be remembered, as Dr. Knaggs points out in his
“ Guide,” that a moth which flies in the dusk of the evening will also,
under favourable circumstances, fly in the dusk of the dawn, when it will
be free from molestation by even the most greedy collector.

200 Mitcheson St., Montreal, Dec. 24th, 1907. EDWARD DENNY.

Mailed January 8th, 1908.

coe ’ ror

CANS ENT... Vou Xi PLATE 2.

INGISARIAy POLOS=3E6ES” AND: Aunties

The @ anaiay Fontomologist

VoL. XL. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1908. No. 2.

STUDIES IN THE GENUS INCISALIA.
BY JOHN H. COOK, ALBANY, N. Y.
V.—INCISALIA POLIOS.

Described in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXIX, No. 6, p. 204.

When this species was named in June, 1907, the final snarl of a
nomenclatorial tangle of thirty years’ standing was resolved into its con-
stituent threads. Jyc/salia polos is not a rare butterfly discovered by the
fortuitous capture of a few local specimens ; it is common in many places
near centres of entomological activity. Nor is it an obscure form, to be
separated from its congeners only after painstaking study ; it is marked in
a very characteristic manner, and is easily identified. In fact, it has been
mentioned in the literature several times either as a recognizable variety or
as a distinct species, but has always masqueraded under an assumed
name.

Strecker’s' misidentification.—In his Catalogue of Butterflies (1878),

Herman Strecker listed the Henrici of Grote and Robinson as a variety of
irus, Godart, characterizing it as “smaller” and with the “ inferiors
tailless.” As TI have already pointed out,' this characterization is
erroneous, and does not apply to Aenrict. It does, however, apply to
polios ; and that Strecker had an (at that time) undescribed species before
him, which he misidentified as Henric?, is proved by specimens of folios
in kis collection labelled Hensict. Evidently Strecker had never seen the
type of Grote and Robinson’s species (which is hardly to be wondered at
in view of the strained relations existing between him and Grote), and
how he came to make the error is not apparent. But that others have
relied upon the accuracy of his.determination, and thereby given life to the
mistake, cannot be doubted.

W. H. Edwards bred Henrict, and expressed his conviction that it
was a good species in 1881 (Papilio, I, p. 152). He placed it as such
in his catalogue of 1884, although in his earlier catalogue (1877) it had
been given as a variety of zrus. Fernald, C. H., in “ The Butterflies of
Maine” (1884), followed Edwards in separating Henrict specifically from

1, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXIX, No. 6 (June, 1907), p. 182.

38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘rus, and appended Edwards’ description of the early stages of Henrici to
the description of a butterfly which zs not Henrict, but poltos. In
distinguishing between Ao/ios and irs, it is quite clear that Fernald was
misled by Strecker’s misidentification into believing that what he called
Flenrici (really folios) was the species bred by Mr. Edwards, and the form
described by Grote and Robinson.

Following Fernald, both French, G. H.,? and Maynard, C. J.,® give,
under the name Henrici, a brief diagnosis} of fo/zos, contrasting it with
1rUus.

One other reference deserves attention in this connection, showing
how the true Henrici has been lost sight of in the maze of literary error,
In the “ Butterflies of New Hampshire” (Technical Bull. No. 1, N. H.
Coll. Agr. Exp. Sta., Durham, 1tgo1), Fiske, W. F., gives Henrici as a
synonym of zvzs in the caption of species No. 43, p. 45, and then (under
irus) discusses folios, as may be inferred from the statement that he has
taken the species as early as April roth; or possibly he refers to podios and
irus regarded as one species. In the second paragraph he writes of a
very remarkable variety (of zrwzs) having tails. This is illustrated, and
though the figure is not particularly clear, anyone acquainted with the
species will have no difficulty in identifying it as Henric¢ of Grote and
Robinson. That Fiske identified polos (2.e., the Henrict of Strecker,
Fernald, ¢¢ a/.) as Grote and Robinson’s . Henrictz, appears probable from
the first sentence under species No. 44 (p. 46), where he says: “Augustus
is between Henrici and niphon in point of emergence.” Evidently some-
thing was taken for Henricz, and since it was not the real Henrzcz, it must
have been either zvws or po/ios; and the early emergence points indubit-
ably to the latter.

I find Henricc properly identified in the Hill, Bailey and Corning
collections in this city (though all specimens are labelled ? regardless of
their rea! sex, probably because no stigma is present in the ¢ ), but there
is a specimen in the collection of the late J. A. Lintner (now the property
of the State of New York) labeled ‘ 7! crus, var. Hfenrict (New Hamp-
shire),” which is a ¢.folios. I mention this for two reasons: first,
because it shows that some, at least, of the elder generation of lepidopterists
were led astray by Strecker’s blunder ; and second, because formerly,
while making slow progress through the meagre and much-mixed literature

2. The Butterflies of the Eastern U. S. (1886), p. 273.
3. A Manual of North American Butterflies (1891), p. 144.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 39

toward an understanding of the ¢rus-Henrici difficulty, I spoke of this
specimen as “an undoubted ¢ zrus.’”* The reasons for my error at that
time are, I think, obvious.

The Henrici of Grote and Robinson is figured, as stated, in the
Butterflies of New Hampshire (fig., p. 45, under surface of 2?) and also
in Holland’s Butterfly Book (plate XXX, fig. 21, upper surface of 2).

Wrights misidentification.—lf one may judge from the rather
poorly-marked specimen figured by Wright as J/ossi, the species
represented is folios.” At any rate, it is zof the Mossi of Hy. Edwards.
The type Zossi is now in the Museum of Natural History in New York
City, and the species for which it stands has never been figured hitherto.
In the original description® drawn from that type Edwards says of the
under side of the secondaries : “* Zhe marginal spots are large, distinct,
bright chestnut-brown, six in number, each surmounted by a small black
lunule.” And concerning the mesial line (secondaries beneath) it is
“narrow, whitish, wth a very large and sharp angle at the median nerve.”
Also concerning the white line crossing the primaries beneath: ‘From the
costa entirely across the wing ts asinuous white band dent outwardly at
the middle, and edged above by a deep chestnut-brown shade.” ‘The
wings above are described as “entirely bright chestnut-brown, a little
clouded, with dusky at the apices and on the extreme margins.” It is
further stated that the fringes are ‘
the case even in the type.

‘wholly white,” but this is not strictly

How far these characters may be regarded as of specific importance
remains to be determined, but Wright’s illustration is a long way from
corresponding in essentials with the type or fitting the description.

Edwards described AZossi as a variety of z7as, adding that ‘‘it is quite
possible that it is a distinct species; the untform deep brown base of
secondaries giving it a most peculiar appearance.” Wright says in the text
accompanying his figure: “ The essential peculiarity of JZossz is the
bleached, washed-out appearance of the under side of hind wings, ‘ giving
it a most peculiar appearance,’ as the description truly says.” (My
italicization throughout.) Asa matter of fact, a fresh specimen of Moss
is as boldly and cleanly marked as any species of Zzcisalia yet named. |
am of the opinion that the species figured by Wright is po/zos.

. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXVII, No. 6 (June, 1905), p. 218.

4
5- Wright, W. G., Butterflies of the West Coast, plate XXVIII, fig. 331.
6. Edwards, Henry, Papilio I, p. 54 (April, 1881).

40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tllustrvations.—Better than the best description is a good illustration,
and it therefore seems well to picture the four species which have been
confused. Fig. 1 in the plate represents ¢7ws, as that species is ordinarily
recognized. Godart’s original description is too vague and unsatisfactory
to enable anyone to identify 77s with certainty. That author himself was
not sure that his type (as it would be called to-day) came from America.
We rely on Dr. Boisduval, who says that he saw Godart’s specimen, and
that it represents the species figured by Abbot (in the Histoire Generale
et Iconographie des Lepidopteres et des Chenilles de l’Amérique Septen-
trionale, 1833). Abbott’s figures are not exceptionally good, but the
species intended is undoubtedly the one which has subsequently been
known by Godart’s name. ‘The specimen here figured was bred from the
ege, at Albany, N. VY. It isa @. ‘he species is illustrated in colours in
Scudder’s ‘ Butterflies of the Eastern U. S. and Canada,” Holland’s
“ Butterfly Book ” and Comstock’s “* How to Know the Butterflies.”

Fig. 2 is the 4/enrici of Grote and Robinson from a homotype bred
from the egg at Albany, N.Y. [t-also is\a- 9™

Fig. 3 isa 9 and fig. 4:a g folios (the miscalled Henrici of Strecker
and others).

Fig. 5 isa @ homotype of JZossz collected in Colorado. Though
imperfect, the specimen corresponds to the type specimen more closely
than any other individual of the species which I have seen. The “ very
large and sharp angle at the median nerve” is about as in the type, and it
is hoped that this illustration will illumine Hy. Edwards’ description. The
large, chestnut-brown spots occupying the interspaces of the secondaries
from the margin inward nearly to the ‘‘black lunules,” effect a photographic
plate but little, and therefore appear almost black in the print. Speci-
men in the collection of the author.

Fig. 6isa g¢ JZoss: (from the collection of Jacob Doll), exhibiting
the greatest departure from the typical design which I have seen. The
varietal differences can be seen ata glance, and need not be discussed
itere,

All figures represent the under surface x 1.25.

Distribution.—Folios is distributed widely over the continent.
Along the Atlantic Coast it is found at Lakewood. N. J. (Watson, Sunder-
land, Cook); Lakehurst, N. J. (Davis, Watson, Brehme, Cook); Jamesburg,
N. J. (Watson, one specimen) ; Medford, Mass. (John Rodgers) ; Milton,

THE CANADIAN ENIOMOLOGIST. re he

Mass. (H. H. Newcomb) ; Durham, N. H.* ; Norway, Me.*; Orono, Me.
(M. E. Fernald, in coll. Cornell University) ; and Digby, Nova Scotia
(John Russell), From its occurrence at Medford and Milton, the
Massachusetts localities (Needham and Walpole), given by Scudder in the
Butterflies of the Eastern U. S. and Canada, for the varietal form of crus
having “the outer margin of the primaries . . . . narrowly hoary,”
may be safely included as referring to this species.

In the Butterflies of Maine, C. H. Fernald says: ‘* This is a common
species in Maine,” and Fiske speaks of it as abundant in certain parts of
New Hampshire.

Folios was taken in 1907 by Mr. Charles A. Hill, of Chicago, at
Pine, Ind., in the sand-dune region along the southern shore of Lake
Michigan, where Syzchloe olympia was recently unearthed. Mr. Hill took
fourteen specimens, and reports the species fairly abundant in that locality.

In the west fo/ios has been taken at the “head of Pine Creek,
Calgary, Alberta (F. H. Wolley Dod)”; forty miles south of Athabasca
Landing, Athabasca’ (McCary) ; Waghorn, Alberta (P. B. Gregson, in the
collections of John Comstock, Evanston, Ill, and Alexander Kwiat,
Chicago, Ill.) Dr. Henry Skinne1*® gives as another Canadian locality,
Olds, Alberta. Also in Colorado (Morrison, in collection of O. Meske,
and David Bruce, in collection of Cornell University) ; Graham’s Park on
Rio de los Pinos, Colo.** ; South Park, Colo.*; and Chimney Gulch, near
Golden, Colo. (Dyar and Caudell).

Without much hesitation I include Puget Sound (Wright), the locality
given for the specimen figured in Butterflies of the West Coast (Z.c. ).

Time of Flight.—Species single-brooded, the butterflies appearing (in
New Jersey) with awgustus about the middle of April, ordinarily becoming
abundant before the last of the month, and rarely enduring through May
(Watson). In New Hampshire “ earlier in its emergence’ than any of the
allied species; . . . . taken on willow blossoms in Durham as early
as April rgth” (Fiske).””) In Maine it “is on the wing during the middle

*Collector unknown.

7. So reads the label, though the only Athabasca Landing which I have found
on the map is in Alberta.

8. Entomological News, Vol. XVIII, No. 8 (October, 1907), p. 327.
*Collector unknown.
g. Misprinted ‘‘ Cal.” in the original description of fo/zos.

10. Probably careful field work will show that augustus is on the wing almost
or quite as early.

492 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of May” (Fernald). I’resh specimens from Nova Scotia are labelled from
May 15th to 22nd. The few available records from Massachusetts
indicate that the species appears there as early as April 25th, and does
not fly into June ; specimens dated later than May rath are pretty well
worn.

Records from the west show that between the 37th and 56th
parallels the imagoes are on the wing during May, twenty degrees of
latitude affecting the season of emergence but little, if any. Colorado
specimens are labeled as early as April 17th, and faded individuals from
Graham’s Park and Golden, Colo., were taken May rith, 12th and 13th.
Wright’s specimen, taken May 1st at Puget Sound, seems to be somewhat
the worse for wear. A ¢ anda @? inthe U.S. National Museum, collected
by Wolley Dod at Calgary, are dated June 29th, and are in very good
condition, though not perfectly fresh. However, another 9 from the
same locality was captured May 2zgth, the individual taken by McCary
some 200 miles further north is Jabeled May r4th, and the specimens
received from Waghorn, Alberta, were captured May 3rd and 5th. Mr.
Hill secured his butterflies not far from Chicago, on the roth of May,
and all but one bear evidence of having been on the wing for some time.

flaunts and Habits.—In New Jersey the butterflies inhabit the low
sandy coastal plain in restricted districts where the larval food-plant
occurs, and are to be looked for in sunny spots along the roads and in
sheltered glades among the scattered pine growth. They ordinarily fly
low, rapidly and for short distances, and delight to feed on the nectar of
the early spring flowers, especially the pyxie and (later) the strawberry
flowers. They are quite local, ranging overa very restricted field between
emergence and death ; one may observe them in numbers at one point
throughout the day, and yet a few rods away might wait in vain to see one
pass.

Mr. Hill took his flitting about in the open over the hot, barren
sands, and Dr. Dyar found them in Colorado along a railroad track in the
jaws of the gulch, at an elevation of about 7000 feet.

Oviposition.—The females apparently do not oviposit much before
the middle of May, but during the latter half of the month eggs may be
found without difficulty. These are laid singly at the base of the elongate
leaf-buds (rarely on flower pedicels), as shown on fig. 7 on the plate.

The illustration is from a photograph (x 2) of the spray upon which
a confined female placed four eggs on May 18th, 1907. Three of these

: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, - 43

are visible. In nature they would have been laid on separate buds. As
may be seen from the picture, the petioles of the old leaves parallel the
stem for a little distance before the blade curves outward. Near the tip
of the branch, where the internodes are short, the petioles surround and
protect the base of the apical bud, and it is into this protected zone that
the female usually thrusts her ovipositor when laying an egg.

The Egg.—¥chinoid, flattened on top and bottom, micropyle strongly
depressed. Ornamentation a reticulation of extremely high raised lines,
broad and losing character by anastomosis at intersections. Interspaces
small, deeply sunken, appearing like nearly circular pits. The ornamenta-
tion resembles that of the egg of Chrysophanus thoe or Epidemia
epixanthe more than those of more nearly related species which I have
seen (except that of Jmcisalia Mossi, from which it is_ practically
indistinguishable), and may be identified at once by the absence of bosses
and the ‘‘pin-hole” interspaces. Fig. 8 micropylar aspect, fig. 9g
equatorial aspect. Both x 35.

(To be continued.)

A NEW SPECIES OF SYNTOMASPIS (CHALCIDOIDEA).
BY CYRUS R. CROSBY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.
Syntomaspis thalassinus, n. sp. (Figs. 2,3 and 4).—Female.—Length,
excluding the ovipositor, 2.6 mm.; abdomen, 1.2 mm.; ovipositor, 1 mm.
Head transverse, abruptly convergent behind the eyes, seen from in

“ Sat
Fic. 2.—Antenna of male. lic. 3.—Antenna of female.
> ~ =)
Perens. 5, es
—~ eae
‘\ —
\ Oc?
LOY

lic. 4.—Stigmal region of wing.

front rounded triangular, greenish-bronze, sculpture of head a fine and

delicate ridging, which gives a very fine reticulation; face with a few larger
February, 1908

44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

punctures, margin of clypeus smooth, convex. Mandibles tridentate,
lower tooth rounded.

Thoracic dorsum finely reticulate, bluish-green, metallic, parapsidal
furrows impressed, the median portion of the mesonotum extending further
back than the lateral piece, and broadly rounded behind, scutellum
rounded in front, widely separating the axille, margined and evenly
rounded behind, the transverse stria distinct; axilla prominent, acute
mesally and rounded in front. Thoracic pleura delicately sculptured
except metepisternum and the sclerites behind it. Propodium short,
transverse, nearly smooth, very finely rugulose longitudinally. Spiracles
oblique, elliptical.

Scape and pedicel of antennz metallic, scape finely shingled, funicle
dark brown, clothed with short but stout hairs, scape rather short, slender,
pedicel obconic, about as long as first joint of funicle, succeeding joints
subequal, gradually wider, club obtusely rounded, white longitudinal
ridges on funicle joints, with their bases in one row, and all extend to tip
of segment.

Legs metallic-green ; knees, tip of tibiae and tarsi dull, whitish-
yellow, last tarsal joint somewhat dusky ; posterior cox irregularly
reticulate. Wings hyaline, stigmal vein shorter than diameter of club, the
four sensoria arranged in a curved line, concave behind.

Abdomen seen from above conic-oval, bluish-green, metallic, second
dorsal segment smooth, posterior segments with a hexagonal pavement-
like sculpture, posterior margin biconvex, very deeply incised at middle,
segment 5 longer than 3 and 4 together, posterior margin of 3 deeply
incised, 4 and 5 less deeply, 6 truncate behind. Cerci bearing several
long, stiff hairs. Ovipositor dark brown, tip lighter.

Male.—Length, 1.2 mm.; abdomen, .8 mm. Resembles the female
very closely in colour. The antenne are somewhat stouter. Posterior
margin of abdoininal segments not so deeply incised as in female.

Described from numerous specimens reared from timothy grass and
orchard grass. Parasitic on an Isosoma and another Chalcid as yet
undetermined.

Ithaca, Amsterdam, Lake Keuka, Oneonta, Kingston, Cranberry
Creek, Remsen, Elmira, Lowville, Bluff Point, Cortland, and Victor, N,
Y. Types in Cornell University collection,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

SOME NEW NEMATID SAWEFLIES FROM COLORADO.
BY S. A. ROHWER, BOULDER, COLORADO,

The following descriptions are based principally on material collected
by myself during the past summer. One new species is described from
the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College ; the rest are in my
own collection.

Many thanks are due to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell for going over
all the descriptions. The work is a contribution from the laboratory of
Systematic Zoology in the University of Colorado. Iam greatly indebted
to Professor C. P. Gillette for the loan of the collections belonging to the
Colorado Agricultural College.

The following descriptions of Fontania galls seen at Florissant, Colo-
rado, may be of someuse. On Salix brachycarpa, Nutt. : (1) Monothala-
mous ; springing from lower side of leaf; arranged along the midrib;
globular ; colour pale pinkish ; measurements before maturity 8 mm. (2)
Monothalamous ; bisecting leaf; attached near petiole in clusters of two
to four ; bright rose colour above, pinkish below ; measurements before
maturity, 1o-12 mm.; similar to P. resinicofa, Mar]. Another Potanza gall
on Sa/ix sp., is much like P. Bruneri, Marl, but did not bisect the leaf,
and was attached along the midrib; only one monothalamous gali on each
leaf. The Sadix belongs to Zongifolie as defined by Dr. Rydberg in his
Flora of Colorado (Bul. roo Colo. Agricultural College) and probably is
S. exigua.

Pontania leucostoma, n. sp.— g. Length, 5mm. Moderately robust;
head nearly as wide as thorax ; clypeus shallowly, circularly emarginate,
lobes broad, rounded ; ocellar basin distinct, walls rounded ; antennal
fovea broad, shallow. elongate ; antenne extending beyond thorax, third
and fourth joints equal, fifth shorter ; joints somewhat nodose at tips ;
vertex back of ocelli with a few well-defined punctures ; mesothorax above
with a few small, more indistinct punctures. Venation of primaries nor-
mal ; secondaries with the lower discal cell longer and wider than upper,
claws deeply notched, inner ray shorter and somewhat slender.

Colour in general shining black; face below antenne, except two black
spots below antennz, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips which are
piceous, posterior angles of pronotum, tegule, base of costa, apex of ante-
rior cox whitish ; posterior orbits, upper orbits, inner orbits narrowly,
apex of four hind coxe, trochanfers (cox and trochanters are inclined to

pallid), meso-femora except a narrow line above, meso-tibiz, meta-femora
February, 1908

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

except a broad line above and below, meta-tibiee except at apex, venter
near apex, and edges of the hypopygium ferrugino-testaceous ; meso-tarsi
and palpi brown ; hind tarsi black. Wings dusky hyaline; costa, except
at base which is white, and stigma yellow-brown ; rest of the nervures
brown.

Habitat.— Boulder, Colo., May 22, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage of
Populus angustifolia.

In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematinze (Tech. Ser. No. 3, U. S. Dept.
Ag.) this species runs to P. pisum, Walsh, but it is not that, and may be
separated from it by the short fifth antennal joint, different shape ef the
clypeus, not having the third cubital quadrate, the black antenne, black
line on femora above, yellowish-brown stigma, etc. It also seems to be
related to P. glinka, Kincaid, but may be separated from that species by
the unequal tarsal claws, the lower margin of the stigma being rounded, etc.

Pontania brachycarpa, n.sp.— 2. Length, 4% mm. Head almost as
wide as thorax ; seen from above broadly rectangular ; clypeus angularly
emarginate, lobes triangular, ocellar basin shallow, the walls broad and
rounded ; ocellar basin with small, dense punctures ; antennal fovea dis-
tinct ; antennze stout, extending about to basal plates, fourth and fifth
joints equal, third longer ; frontal crest slightly emarginate. Third cubital
cell sub-quadrate ; upper discal cell of hind wings slightly exceeding the
lower ; claws deeply notched, the inner ray shorter and somewhat stouter ;
sheath with long brownish hairs. Colour in general black; clypeus, labrum,
mandibles, except tips which are piceous, cheeks, face, somewhat between
the antenne, upper and posterior orbits broadly, inner orbits narrowly,
extreme angle of pronotum, tegule, coxze except base, trochanters, femora,
tibiz and tarsi,extreme tip of last dorsal segment, last ventral segment
slightly, pale reddish yellow, coxee and trochanters inclined to pallid; palpi
brown ; tarsi (especially the posterior ones) and apex of posterior tibiz
infuscate. Wings hyaline ; nervures dark brown, costa white at base.

Habitat.— Florissant, Colo., June 16, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer) on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.

This species is closely related to P. pisum, Walsh, but may be sepa-
rated by the following characters: Head not so wide as thorax, upper discal
cell slightly exceeding the lower, claws with inner ray shorter and stouter ;
pronotum mostly black. It is also somewhat related to P. comsors, Marl.
(Can. Ent., Dec., 1898), and may be known from it by the subquadrate
third cubital, black sheath and venter and the apical half of the abdomen
being black. It also has much general resemblance to /, /eucostoma,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47

n. sp., but is smaller, the wings less dusky, the nervures weaker ; and up-
per discal cell of hind wings extends beyond the lower, whereas the lower
beyond the upper in P. Zeucostoma.

Pontania megacephala, n. sp.— 4. Length, 4 mm. Head wider
than thorax ; transversely oval ; inner orbits parallel; clypeus rather deeply
and angularly emarginate, lobes broad, rounded; vertex flat, slightly
raised back of ocellar basin shallow, walls rounded ; antennal fovea small,
round, but distinctly defined ; antenne a little shorter than body, third,
fourth and fifth joints equal; last seven joints with dense, short black
hairs. Venation normal, except that the third cubital is rather small, claws
minutely but evenly cleft.

Colour in general, black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips
which are piceous, cheeks, extreme posterior angles of pronotum, tegule,
apex of coxze, white; small indistinct spot on upper orbits, posterior orbits
on one side very narrowly, trochanters, femora, except line above on meso-
and meta-, and line below on pro-femora (the line on the meta-femora is
broad), tibie, apex of venter and hypopygium pale reddish-yellow ; tarsi
(the anterior tarsi are much the same as the tibiz) brownish ; palpi brown.
Wings hyaline ; nervures brown, costa white at base, stigma pallid at base.

Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., June 16, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.

This species is related to P. agz/zs, Cr., but may be.separated by the
flatter vertex, broader lobes of the clypeus, claws somewhat deeper cleft
and much darker colour. P. agi/zs in general is yellow-ferruginous.

Pontania maura, n. sp.—Q. Length, 4 mm. Robust. Head
much narrower than thorax, small and almost round when seen from the
front ; clypeus nearly truncate ; ocellar basin with wall rounded: antennal
fovea small, round, distinctly defined; antenne as long as head and thorax,
fourth and fifth joints equal, third shorter and about equal in length
with sixth; vertex rounded ; head finely and densely punctured ; meso-
thorax above finely, but not as densely as head, punctured. Venation
normal, claws deeply cleft, rays subequal and somewhat diverging.

Colour black, except apex of femora, tibize and tarsi, which are pale
testaceous ; tarsi, especially the hind ones, infuscate, hind tibiz somewhat
infuscate ; ovipositor luteous. Wings very hyaline ; nervures brown, costa,
- stigma and all the nervures at base of wing pallid, almost hyaline.

Habitat.— Florissant, Colo., June 1, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

This species is related to P. atra, Marl., but may be separated from it
by the light nervures of the wings, dark trochanters, claws deeply notched,
etc. Itis also more robust. It is also related to P. uuga, Kincaid, but
may be separated by the nearly truncate clypeus, the tarsal claws being
subequal and diverging, smaller size, light stigma and costa, and veins being
paler, etc. ;

Pontania melanosoma, n. sp.— &. Length, 3% mm. Robust; clypeus
circularly emarginate, lobes broadly rounded, antennal fovea distinct,
circular ; ocellar basin indistinctly defined; ocellar regions raised ; from
lower ocellus running to top of each eye is a broad, shallow furrow ;
antennee extending to base of abdomen, third and fifth joints equal, fourth
a little longer, head and mesosternum finely and rather densely punctured.
Third cubital ceil subquadrate, slightly wider at apex than at base ; upper
discal cell of hind wings slightly exceeding lower. Claws deeply notched,
rays subequal. Sheath broad, slightly emarginate beneath, acuminate at
tip ; cerci robust, tapering.

Colour mostly black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, spot between an-
tennze, antennz beneath, except scape, dark brown; a triangular spot on
upper orbit fulvous ; posterior angles of pronotum, tegule, legs, except
bases of coxe and tip of posterior tibiz and their tarsi, which are infus-
cate, reddish-yellow. Wings dusky hyaline, nervures brown, base of stigma

and all the nervures as they near the base of wing, white. Clypeus witha
few long white hairs.

Ffabitat.—F¥ort Collins, Colo., May 13, 1899. ‘Type in the collection
of Colorado Agricultural College.

In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematine of N. Am., this species runs
to P. nigrita, Marl., but is easily known from that species by the circular
antennal fovea and the black posterior orbits.

Fteronus hypomelas,n. sp.— 2. Length, 5 mm. Clypeus broadly,
shallowly, circularly emarginate, lobes small ; antennal fovea not distinctly
defined ; ocellar basin with walls rounded ; between the ocellar basin and
the eye is a rather large impression ; frontal crest broken in the middle ;
antennee reaching to about the third abdominal segment, third, fourth and
fifth joints subequal; head with rather sparse, smail punctures ; pleura
sericeous, Claws deeply notched, inner ray somewhat shorter than outer.
Third cubital cell twice or nearly twice as wide at apex as at base, two
and ahalf or three times as long as width at base; outer veins of discal
cell of hind wings meeting or upper cell slightly extending beyond lower,
lower discal one and ahalf times as wide as upper ; stigma regularly
tapering from near base to apex.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49

Colour black ; lobes of clypeus, labrum, mandibles, tegule, legs from
middle of femora, last apical segment of abdomen, reddish-ferruginous ;
trochanters pallid; palpi brown; upper orbits dark reddish. Wings
hyaline ; nervures light brown, costa at base and the entire stigma pallid.

Habditat.—Florissant, Colo., June 1, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.

In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematine of N. Am., this species runs
out because of the black venter, but it seems to be related to P. atriceps,

Marl., and may be separated from it by the black venter, smaller size, the
fovea not deep, etc.

Pteronus notatus,n.sp.—@?. Length, 5% mm. Clypeus angularly
emarginate, lobes round, antennal fovea deep, narrow, elongate; ocellar
basin with walls round; frontal crest broken in the middle ; antennz
slender, reaching about to third abdominal segment, joints three, four and
five subequal, the third a little curved ; sheath broad, obtusely pointed,
without any hairs at apex. Claws deeply cleft, inner ray a little shorter
than outer. The third cubital cell one and a half times as wide at apex as
at base, a little more than twice as long as wide at base ; upper discal cell
in hind wings extending considerably beyond lower ; stigma straight on
lower margin until apical third, where it slants abruptly upward.

Colour black, clypeus, labrum, base of mandibles (the tips are piceous),
cox, except at base of posterior ones, trochanters, posterior angles
of pronotum and tegulze whitish; upper posterior and superior orbits
broadly, legs from trochanters, except a thin black line above and below
on posterior femora, apical segment of abdomen and sheath somewhat,
ferruginous ; palpi brown. Wings dusky hyaline ; nervures brown, costa
and stigma pallid.

Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., June 23, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer), on foliage
of Salix brachycarpa.

In Marlatt’s Revision of the Nematine of N. Am., this species runs
out on account of the black venter, but it seems to be near P. Coloradensis,
Marl, from which it may be separated by the black venter, antennal
fovea not being triangular, etc, It is, however, closely related to P. Ayfo-
melas, n. sp., but may easily be separated by the following comparison.
Other characters also separate these two species :

LP. hypomedtas.

1. Clypeus broadly, shallowly emarginate, lobes small.
2, Eyes almost round on upper margin.

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

3. Stigma tapering from near base to apex.
4. Upper discal cell of hind wings but slightly, if any, exceeding
lower. :
5. Posterior angles of pronotum black.
P. notatus.

1. Clypeus angularly emarginate, lobes round.
2. Eyes oval on upper margin.
3. Stigma straight until apical third, when it slants abruptly upwards.
4. Upper discal cell of hind wings extending considerably beyond
lower.
5. Posterior angles of pronotum and tegule whitish.

MOSQUITO NOTES.—No. 6.
BY /€s 5; “<LUDEOW,-M: SC;
Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General, U.S. Army, Washington, D. C.

(Continued from page 34.)

In the same sub-family as Ce//ia flava comes an insect closely
related to Chagasia, Cruz., having the outstanding whorls of scales on the
lower joints of the antenne, but lacking the outstanding scales on the
thorax, and differing alsoin that part of the abdomen is scaled.

Chagasia (?) lineata, n. sp.—Head very dark, practically black, as is
most of the insect, covered with dark brown and white-forked scales, the
latter on the vertex and cephalad part of the occiput, very long slender
white scales projecting forward between the eyes, dark bristles near the
eyes ; antennee very dark, verticels and pubescence white, basal joint
brown, with white upright flat scales, rst and 2nd joints with white scales,
those on the second joint longer, more curved, largely fusiform and out-
standing, those on the first joint narrow, flat and more closely appressed ;
palpi heavily covered with dark brown scales, rather erect near the base,
the apex white, and two narrow white bands dividing the remainder into
three nearly equal parts; proboscis heavily covered with dark brown
scales, tip light ; eyes dark, clypeus dark.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes with broad fusiform white scales and dark
bristles ; mesonotum covered sparsely with broad fusiform white scales
arranged in lines, near the nape a few slender curved white scales, most
of which project forward, a distinct line of the broad fusiform scales
cephalad of and over the wing joint, not especially outstanding, but the
scales broader than most of those on the mesonotum, a few scales near

February, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51

the middle of the mesonotum are either discoloured slightly or normally
yellowish, two long oblong, bare, black, laterad spaces about one-third the
length of the mesonotum extend cephalad from near the scutellum ;
scutellum black, partly denuded, but with a heavy bunch of flat, rather
fusiform, white scales on the lateral lobes, bristles black ; pleura black,
with gray lines ; metonotum very dark.

Abdomen black, densely covered with brown hairs, and the eighth
segment and genitalia rather closely covered with long flat more or less
spatulate brown scales.

Legs: coxe and trochanters testaceous with dark hairs and white
scales ; all the femora covered with dark brown scales, the hind and mid
legs with a white subapical spot on the cephalic aspect, and all of them
with apex very narrowly white-banded ; tibiz all brown, with small apical
spot or band ; first tarsal joints all brown, in the hind leg with small apical
white spot extending slightly on the second joint, in the fore and mid with
narrow apical white bands ; second tarsal brown, with broad white apical
bands, broadened on the hind leg, in which all the remaining joints are
pure white, and in the other legs the third and fourth are apically white-
banded, the fore leg the more distinctly, the fifth brown ; ungues large,
simple and equal.

Wing clear, covered heavily with dark brown scales resembling those
found in Myzorhynchus ; costa with four small white spots, all apparently
confined to the costa, and one at the apex; a white fringe spot at the
junction of the upper fork of second long vein ; first submarginal cell
large, a fourth longer and quite as wide as the second posterior, its stem
half its length ; second posterior cell shorter than first submarginal, its
stem nearly as long as the cell; upper cross-veins equal and meet,
posterior cross-vein equal to and a little more than its length distant from
the mid, Halteres with light stem and dark knob.

Length, 4 mm. Habitat: Camp Gregg, Pangasinan, Philippine
Islands. ‘Taken in August.

Described from one very perfect specimen sent by Capt. Schreiner,
Asst. Surgeon U.S. Army, It is noticeably different even to the naked
eye from most of the Avnophe/ine, but I am not sure that it belongs to
Chagasia, as Mr, Theobald makes the outstanding scales of the thorax of
generic value, and states specifically that the abdomen is nude.

A new species in one of Mr. Theobald’s new genera has also lately
come from the Philippine Islands ;

52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Pseudoskusea nigrotarsis,n. sp.—Female. Head very dark, covered
with very dark brown flat scales, a pale (grayish) lateral stripe, no fork
scales ; antenne brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint brown,
with a few small brown flat scales ; palpi dark with dark brown scales ;
proboscis the same; eyes brown; clypeus brown.

Thorax dark ; prothoracic lobes dark brown, with dark brown bristles ;
mesonotum covered with dark brown slender curved scales having golden
reflections, dark brown bristles, apparently two rows besides those over
the wing-joint ; scutellum dark with curved scales, as on the mesonotum ;
pleura brown with patches of long flat spatulate white scales and dark
brown bristles ; metanotum very dark brown and shiny.

Abdomen dark, covered with very dark, almost black, scales, and
white mid-segment bands not prolonged into lateral spots, light apical
bristles. The light bands are grayish, and not so well developed on the
more caudad segments. Venter dark scaled.

Legs : coxz and trochanters light, with light scales and dark bristles;
femora with dark brown scales dorsally, grayish ventrally, and a small gray
apical spot, remainder of the legs entirely dark brown; ungues on fore and
mid legs equal, and each with a small tooth, hind ungues simple.

Wings clear, with brown scales, the median small, truncate, the
lateral lanceolate, and the ventral long, slender and slightly curved; cells
short, bases about on a line, first submarginal a little longer and narrower
than the second posterior, the stems nearly the same length, and approxi-
mately as long as the cells; supernumerary and mid cross-veins meet,
posterior cross-vein about one-half the mid and three times its own length
distant ; halteres with light stem, knob dusky.

Length, 4.5 mm. Habitat: Infanta, Tayabas, Philippine Islands.
Taken October, 1907.

The abdominal markings at first suggested Skusea funerea, Theob.,
but the fore and mid ungues bear the small tooth noted for Pseudoskusea.
Described from one perfect specimen sent by Dr. Warriner in a collection
mostly composed of Stegomyza calopus and Culex fatigans, varied by a
couple of MWyzomyia Thorntonii and two or three of AZ. Ludlowi?i.

In the description of Ce//ia flava in the January number (page 32,
third line from bottom) the phrase ‘‘basal joint testaceous” should have
appeared as part of the description of the antennz, not of the palpi. The
mosquito was taken at Camp Wilhelm, Tayabas (not ‘Tayubar”). A few
other errors are obvious,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 5S

SEXUAL FORMS OF ZOXOPTERA GRAMINUM, ROND.
BY F. L. WASHBURN, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN.

We have not found sexual forms of the so-called “‘green bug” in the
field in Minnesota, nor have we been able to rear them outside in cages,
but have had no trouble in getting this form in the insectary. Mr. R. A.
Vickery, who has charge of our insectary work, reports them as appearing
indoors on Oct. 15, shortly beginning egg-laying.

The winged males are smaller than the viviparous females, and have
a larger number of sensoria on their antenne. The oviparous females can
readily be distinguished from the apterous viviparous females by their
swollen hind tibiz, by the eggs, which can be seen through the walis of
the abdomen, and by the presence of circular sensoria on the antenne.

In ovipositing, most of the eggs were placed on the upper side of
dead leaves of grain. Apparently one female lays quite a number of eggs.
Mr. Vickery reports finding ten nearly mature eggs in one female. The
viviparous females continue producing yoing during and after the
appearance of the sexual forms, and young were freely produced in the
cold room of the insectary, although the temperature has been down to
ten degrees above zero. The following is a brief description of the sexual
forms of this species :

Oviparous Female. —-(Fig. 5.) Length, 2-2.25 mm.; colour, yellowish-
green, median line of abdomen darker green ; head and prothorax some-
what paler than the rest of the body. Eyes
black ; antennz black, except the two basal
joints, and the basal half of the third, which
are of the same colour as the head. Legs
yellowish, tibiz brownish toward the apex,
tarsi black ; cornicles greenish, their apex
black ; cauda greenish. Antenne slender,
hardly one-half the length of the body, no
circular sensoria. Cornicles slightly tapering,
not reaching to the end of the body. Cauda
slender, somewhat constricted above the

: Pre middie, about two-thirds the length of the
Fic. 5.—Oviparous female. (Original.) ¥ Sane : f =,

cornicles. ‘Tibia of hind leg swollen and
thickly covered with sensoria-like swellings. Lateral tubercles small and
single.

February, 1908

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Winged Male.—(F¥ig. 6.) Expanse of wings about 4.5 mm.; length
of body about 1.3 mm. General coloration of the abdomen yellowish-
green ; head brownish-yel-
low ; eyes black ; antenne
black, except the two basal
joints and the proximal
half of the third, which are <=
yellowish-green. Legs yel-
low, the female more or
less dusky, the posterior
pair darkest ; apex of the
tibie and tarsi black ; cor-
nicles yellowish, with black
apex; cauda_ yellowish. '
Wings : costa and = sub- Fic. 6. —Winged male. (Original.)
costa yellow ; stigma paler, the inner edge of the stigma and the veins
black. Antennze long and slender, reaching to or a little beyond the end
of the body ; third joint with about twenty circular sensoria ; fourth with
about eighteen ; fifth with about nine. Cauda slender, somewhat con-
stricted about the middle, as long as the cornicles. Lateral tubercles
small and single.

Feg.—The egy is oval in shape, about .65 mm. long and .3 mm.
broad. It is blue-green in colour when first laid, but changes to shiny
black after a few days.

NOTES -ON THE “LEPIDOPTERA “OF ~KASEO; B.C oe
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES:

BY (GHOL IW. LAYEOR.] WHELINGRON, TEs C-

Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, so well known as an energetic student
of the Kootenay Lepidoptera, has lately paid me a short visit at Wellington.
He very kindly brought with him several boxes of Kaslo Geometridae, and
during his stay here we very carefully studied all the species, with the
result that over 20 names will have been added to our British Columbian
list.

About 12 of Mr. Cockle’s captures appear to belong to undescribed
species. Seven of these I shall describe in the present paper, but the
others being uniques in Mr. Cockle’s cabivet I shall reserve until further
material can be obtained,

February, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55

In addition to the above, Mr. Cockle brought specimens of 12
species which are new to the British Columbian list, as follows :

Rachela Bruceata, Hulst.—Differs from our coast form, R. occident-
alis, Halst.

Rachela pulchraria, Taylor.—A new species described in a paper

read by me last May before the Royal Society of Canada, and now going
through the press.

Lupithecta scelestata, Taylor.—) Also described in the above-men-

Lupithecta minorata, Taylor.— ) tioned paper.

Eupithecta adornata, Yaylor.—Described ‘from Calgary. Three
specimens taken at Kaslo by Mr. Cockle.

Lucy matoge vitalbata, D, & S.—One specimen, 6, vill, ’07; previously
only known from Alberta.

Cinglis ancellata, Hulst.—Common at Kaslo.

Drastictis bitactata, Walker.—Recorded by Dr. Dyar in Lep. Koot.,
but accidentally omitted from our B. C. list.

Diastictis denticulodes, Hulst—Two male specimens, June 26 and
August 20. This species was taken by Mr. R. V. Harvey in the
Similkameen country last year, but it has not yet been recorded.

Selidosema separataria, Grote (?)—This is a species congeneric with
our S. exce/saria and S. albescens. It seems to answer fairly well to
Grote’s description of S. sesarataria (from Arizona), and if not that
species it must be undescribed. Mr. Cockle has three specimens, two
males taken on August 15, 1905, and one female August 14, 1907.

Sabulodes catenulata, Grote.—Recorded by Dyar in Lep. Koot., but
omitted in our B. C. check list because the specimen sent to me with this
name by Mr. Cockle was Syzaxis pallulata. Ihave since seen the true
S. catenulata from Kaslo.

Sabulodes auranticaria, Pack.—One female specimen. Kaslo, June
20, 19OI.

The following are new to the Kaslo list, though not to British
Columbia :

Eupithecia castigata, Hubner; Plemyria tristata, Linn.; Hydriomena
speciosata, Pack.; Hydriomena costiguttata, Hulst; Xanthorhoé pontiaria,
Taylor; Coniodes plumogeraria, Hulst; Synaxis pallulata, Hulst ;
Metanema inatomaria, Gueneé ; Azelina ancetaria, Hubner (typical).

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

1. Eupithecia placidata, n. sp.—Expanse, 24-26 mm.

Palpi large and bushy, porrect, dark gray, much darker than the
thorax or abdomen. Front and thorax light gray, thorax becoming lighter,
almost white posteriorly. Abdomen above a little darker than the thorax,
dorsal tufts not conspicuous, except on second and third segments, where
they appear to be black. |

Wings rather long and acutely pointed. Fore wings even light gray,
with a slight brownish tinge in the median space, particularly near the
inner margin. The wings are crossed by numerous very fine broken black
lines ; about four of these are between the intradiscal line and the base of
the wing. The intradiscal line is fairly well defined (in the best of the
type specimens) from the median vein to the inner margin, where it is
much nearer the base of the wing than it is at its point of origin on the
costa. ‘lhe median space includes two faint black cross lines more
distinct near the inner margin, and an indistinct discal spot. Extra-
discally there appear to be three lines, which are nearer to each other at
the inner margin than they are at the costa ; the outermost of the three is
broken into dots.

The submarginal space is nearly free from markings, the submarginal
white line is very faintly indicated ; the marginal line on all the wings is
dark, hardly interrupted at the veins.

Hind wings the colour of the fore wings, a little paler costally and
darker at the extreme base ; acute, slightly indented at vein 5. A minute
discal dot. About seven very faint parallel cross lines, four being exta-
discal and traceable right across the wings.

Fringe on all wings pale, with dusky median line almost continuous.
Beneath pale leaden gray, with all markings very faintly and diffusely
reproduced. The discal spots and the costal halves of the extradiscal
lines on the fore wings being most clearly seen.

Abdomen paler than above ; pectus white.

This species seems quite distinct from any other knownto me. I
have seen three specimens, all females, and all taken at Kaslo by Mr,
Cockle on July 7 and rr, 1907.

One type is in my own cabinet, and the other two in that of Mr.
Cockle.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57

2. Hupithecia agnesata, n. sp.—Expanse, 18 mm.

Palpi short and inconspicuous ; tront almost black ; head, thorax and
abdomen above gray ; a darker bar across thorax in front of the middle ;
second segment of the abdomen darker gray ; dorsal tufts black.

Wings, ground colour gray, with a good many black scales.

Fore wings acutely pointed, both costal and outer margins being
rather straighter than usual. Colour gray, with brown shade in extra-
discal space and many black scales. The cross lines are black, but those
in the basal area are not well defined ; extrabasally there is a distinct
black spot on the costa ; median space blackish, the lines confused ; the
ground colour shows more clearly around the distinct discal spot and at
the base of veins 2, 3 and 4, the veins themselves being black. The
median space is. also distinctly lighter towards the inner margin ; pale
bands bound the median space on both sides, and in each case these
bands are cut by thin black lines parallel to the intradiscal and extradiscal
lines respectively.

Submarginal space dark, traversed by a white zigzag submarginal
line ; a conspicuous square black blotch on the costa, between the sub-
marginal line and the extradiscal pale space ; a black marginal line ; fringe
gray, cut with darker shades.

Hind wings: dark scales along the costa and between the inner margin
and vein 2; the rest of the wing is almost clear of markings, except the
reflections of the dark lines on the under side of the wing ; marginal line
and fringe as on fore wings. Beneath gray, with very distinct black
markings, especially on the hind wings. These markings consist, on the
fore wing, of a straight intradiscal line, a prominent discal spot, a curved
extradiscal line, heavy and distinct on the costal half, and a submarginal
black band, broad on the costa, but becoming narrower towards the
tornus ; this line is bounded by a distinct white zigzag line ; marginal
line well marked ; inner margin quite clear of markings.

Hind wings very distinctly marked with black on a gray ground.
There are two intradiscal lines, one median line passing through the
distinct discal spot, a broad extradiscal line, then a pale space, then a
strong waved black submarginal and a black marginal line, accompanied
inwardly (as is the similar line on the fore wing) by a dark marginal shade.

This is a very distinct species, not like any other that we have in
British Columbia, but slightly resembling the Zugzthecia edna of Hulst.

58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The single type is a female taken at Kaslo on July 12, 1907, by Mr.
Cockle, and it is in his cabinet.

3. Lupithecia terminata, n. sp.—This species and that next to be
described both belong to a group of which the commonest form in British
Columbia is one to which I have always applied the name ferfusca, Hulst.
The species in this group are very nearly allied, and with more abundant
material I have already been able to distinguish four B. C. forms.

Dr. Hulst’s types of perfusca came from Euston, Washington, and
from Utah, the last named type being in the United States National
Museum.

They may or may not be conspecific, and as they are not now in the
best of condition it is not an easy matter to ascertain with certainty which
form has the best title to the original name. I suggest, therefore, that the
very common western form, to which I have limited it in my own cabinet,
snall be allowed to retain the name fev/usca, Hulst. This form has been
identified by Dr. Dyar as conspecific with specimens so named for him by
Dr. Hulst, and probably with the type from Utah, and it answers as well
as any of its allies to Hulst’s original description. Ifthe other types in
the Hulst collection prove to differ they may be given a new name. The
true &. perfusca as thus restricted (type from Utah and B. C. specimens)
can be distinguished from the other species of the group by a drown shade,
which in fresh specimens is distinctly visible at the junction of veins 3 and
4 of the fore wing. This is easily seen in all of the 30 specimens before
me at the present moment.

Eupithecia terminata may be described as follows :

Expanse, 25 mm. Very closely allied to 2. perfusca, but it is a little
larger and considerably darker in colour. The palpi (in ¢exminata) are
distinctly longer, the brown shade at the junction of veins 3 and 4 is
absent.

The most easily-noted difference is, however, in the hind wings. In
E.. terminata these are rather heavily dusted with black scales, especially
towards the outer margin, where they give the appearance of a wide sub-
marginal dark band. This band is not intersected by the usual white
submarginal line, which can be traced in ferfusca, but there is a very
slight indication of a white dot submarginally in the neighbourhood of
vein 1. The margins of the hind wings are not so noticeably depressed
at vein 5 as in perfusca.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59

This species has not yet been noticed on Vancouver Island, and is
not a common insect at Kaslo.

I have marked as types three very perfect specimens, all taken by
Mr. Cockle at Kaslo. Two of these are in my cabinet and one in that of
the captor.

The dates are June 7, 1906; June 1, 1906, and May tr, 1906.

4. Eupithecia Slocanata, n. sp.—This species is also a near ally of
perfusca, but may be distinguished by the narrower and longer fore wings,
the very straight costal margins, the soft gray tone of the colouring of the
whole insect, there being no trace of the brown tints of Ae*fusca, and the
general indefiniteness of all the lines. The hind wings above are paler
and clearer of markings, aud the white spot at the tornus on the fore wings
is much more distinct than is the case in perfusca.

The types are two specimens from Kaslo, a male dated 3oth May,
1907, and a female dated 27th July, 1907, in my own collection, and three
other specimens (roth July to rst August), also from Kaslo, in the cabinet
of Mr. Cockle.

Allthe forms above mentioned, namely, 2. perfusca, E. terminata
and £. S/ocanata, together with &. sce/estata, were included by Dr. Dyar
in his “ Lepidoptera of Kootenai,” under the name &. satyrata, Hubner
(a European species). This was no doubt entirely due to the insufficiency
of the material which he had before him at that time. He suggested,
however, that the pex/usca of Hulst might be the same thing, but he had
not enough specimens in hand to enable him to discriminate the forms I
have here characterized.

5. Xanthorhoé planata, n. sp.—I propose this name for the insect
that is now passing in Eastern collections as X. fuctuata. I have it from
Ottawa, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, etc., and 1t now appears among Mr.
Cockle’s Kaslo captures.

The differences between A/anata and fluctuata are not great, but
appear to be constant. The ground colour of /uctuata has very commonly
a slight greenish or yellowish tint, and the black markings are intense ; in
planata the colours are brown and brownish- or grayish-white. The
extradiscal line in fluctuata is gently rounded out from the costa, and
curves well inward between veins 4 and 6; in p/anata this curve becomes
almost triangular, and the angle above vein 6 is acute. The basal line
furnishes the best character. In fuctuata it is well rounded, having three
outward and four inward scallops, and the space within it forms a con-
spicuous dark blotch, In A/amaza the line runs out almost straight to cel),

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and then at right angles directly to the inner margin, where it is much
nearer to the base of the wing than it was at its point of origin on the
costa, and the basal blotch is not nearly so conspicuous as in fluctuata.
Finally, the outer margin in //uctwata is less rounded than in planata.

These differences may appear slight, but they seem to be constant ;
and, in view of the fact that the two insects inhabit different continents, I
think that the new name is justified. I have compared 19 European with
numerous American specimens, and I have not found any intermediate
forms.

6. Aplodes unilinearia, n. sp.—Expanse, 32-33 mm.

This species may be best described by comparing it with the known
species of the genus. A. drunnearia is brown, so cannot be confused
with any other species. 4. ru+ripontaria, Pack., Darwiniata, Dyar, and
two manuscript species of my own ¢éztermediata from Nevada, and Cali-
Jornica from California, all have the abdomen in the male with white
dorsal spots circled with red, and have the extradiscal lines on the hind
wings extending from margin to margin.

In A. mimosaria the lines are also continuous, but the abdomen has
not any red spots. In 4. Hudsonaria and in the present species, the
abdomen agrees with mzmosaria, but the outer line on the hind wings does
not reach the inner margin of the wing. The difference between AHud-
smmaria and wni/inearia is that in the males of the latter the inner lines on
all the wings are obsolete, and the outer line on the hind wing in both
sexes 1s further from the base of the wing and takes a different course,
for while the same line in Hudsonarta would, if produced, reach the base
of the wing, in w7/inearza it would touch the middle point of the inner
margin. A. wnilinearia is a trifle larger than Yudsonarta, but not quite
so large as Darwiniata. Mr. Cockle brought with him four specimens
taken at Kaslo and dated 6th August, 1907 (a female), and 7, 14, 21 July,
1907 (3 males). The first three he retains in his own cabinet, and the
last named is in my collection.

Two female moths from Victoria which I recorded (in Can. Enr.,
XXXVIII., 206) as probably A. Fludsonaria, are A. unilinearta. The
Aplodes junctolinearia, Greef, is evidently near to Yudsonaria, but Hulst
says it is an Anaplodes, in which case it will readily be separated by
its lack of the hair pencil on the hind tibiz of the males.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61

NEW SPECIES OF COLORADO APHIDID4, WITH NOTES
UPON THEIR LIFE-HABITS.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.
(Continued from page 20.)

During October, 1906, Mr. L. C. Bragg discovered upon the lawn
grass (Poa pratensis) upon the campus of the Colorado Agricultural Col-
lege, a black Rhopalosiphum that seems to be new. It continued upon
the grass through the winter, and in warm situations, as upon the south
side of buildings, it became extremely abundant in the spring. Through
the summer and early fall the louse was not noticed or specially sought
for, but this fall (1907) it is again abundant, especially next to the walls of
buildings and along the border of walks. It accumulates chiefly upon the
tender new leaves and upon the bases of the leaves. About my house
during the early part of November and first ten days of December, the
date of this writing, young and apterous females have been very abundant,
and winged viviparous females not scarce. No sexual forms or eggs have
been found. In places the blue grass has been killed during late fall and
early winter by this louse.

Rhopalosithum poe, n. sp.—Winged Viviparous Female. Plate 3, figs.
rt and 3. Specimens taken on lawn grass Poa pratensis, at Fort
Collins, November 17, 1907.

General colour, apparently a uniform black, but really a very dark
dusky-brown or brownish-black. The base of the beak and the proximal
ends of the femora are the only light parts. The tibie are lighter in
colour than the femora, and are a dusky brown. The cornicles are lighter

than the other portions of the body, and are light to dark dusky-brown.
Thorax and abdomen highly polished above.

Length 1.80 mm.; length of antenna, 2.40 mm.; cornicles, .33 mm.;
wing, 3.40 mm. Joints of antenna: III .7o, IV .51, V .37, VI .14,
VII .65 mm. While the joints vary some in length, they do not vary much
from the above measurements. Third joint of antenna with many strongly
tuberculate sensoria both above and beneath ; joint four with about 24
similar sensoria (see fig. 2), and joint five with about three near its proxi-

mal end. The antenna is upon moderate tubercles, which are hardly
February, 1908,

PLATE 3,

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63

noticeable on the outer margins, but are moderately produced on the inner
margins, where they are somewhat swollen, as in AZyzus. The first joint
of the antenna is slightly gibbous, also reminding one of the genus JZyzus.
Wing venation normal, stigma dusky-brown, stigmal nerve strongly curved,
the middle ocellus rather prominent, the lateral tubercles of the prothorax
were slender or wanting, and the cauda very small, almost obsolete. The
cornicles are shaped like an Indian club, with the greatest diameter a little
beyond the middle and with the enlargement somewhat greater upon the
inner side of the cornicles. The greatest diameter is more than twice the

diameter at the proximal end. Beak short, barely attaining the second
coxe.

Apterous Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, fig. 2.) Taken along with the alate
form.

Length of body and of antenna, 1.9 mm. Joints of antenna: III
AG LV .34,-V 1.29, VE.13, Vil co mm. . Bength-of cornicles; 29 mm. ;
shape of cornicles as in the winged form. The cauda is very short and
pointed, black in colour, and does not exceed the tarsi in length. The
colours are as in the alate form, except that the body is not highly polished,
and the femora are not as black. Antennal tubercles rather large and
strongly gibbous on the inner sides, as are the first joints of the antenne.
Except for the cornicles, the head characters of this insect would cause it
to be classified as a M/yzus. The body has many capitate hairs, which
are most abundant about the head, the terminal segments of the abdomen,
the legs and the proximal joints of the antenne. ‘The vertex is strongly
produced, almost tuberculate between the antenne.

No other food-plant than blue grass has been found for this species.

Rhopalosiphum nervatum, n. sp.—Described from specimens taken on
wild rose leaves and tender stems, in Fort Collins, July 3, 1907. A
light-green louse of medium size and with conspicuous black nerv-
ures in the wings, common upon wild and cultivated roses throughout
the summer and fall.

Alate Viviparous Female.—Pale green in colour, with light yellowish-
brown mesothoracic lobes above, dark red eyes, wings with heavy dark-
brown venation, antenne black, except joints 1 and 2 and proximal end
of 3rd; tarsi and distal ends of tibize black, tibize and distal portions of

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

femora and distal half of cornicles dusky, cauda pale green and .22 mm.
long.

Length of body, 2.10 mm.; antenna, 2.90 mm. Joints of antenna
about as follows: III .60,1V .43, V.40, VI.15, VI1.90 mm. Cornicles,
.66mm., and distinctly but not strongly clavate. Wing, 3 mm. long, ven-
ation normal, each nervure terminating in a small dusky spot on wing
margin. Stigma long and narrow, stigmatic vein very convex.

A very abundant species on tender terminal twigs of wild and culti-
vated roses about Fort Collins now. Many viviparous females getting
wings.

Apterous Viviparous Female.—Differs from preceding by having the
body light green throughout, antenna with 7th joint black, and the others
light green annulated with black at joints and no sensoria on 3rd joint ;
distal portion of tibte, femora and cornicles hardly dusky, if at all. Taken
along with the alate form above.

Apterous Oviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 4 and 5). On rose bushes,
Fort Collins, Oct. 17, 1907.

Adult oviparous females are light orange-red in colour upon head,
anterior portion of thorax and terminal portion of the abdomen, including
the cauda. The eyes are very dark red. The metathorax and all the
abdomen to the region of the cornicles is light to very dark dusky green.
Usually a broad pale yellow or yellowish-green area crosses the abdomen
in the region of the cornicles, this light colour sometimes extending to the
tip of the abdomen. In some specimens the entire body is pink in colour,
the dark markings being fairly uniform. The antenna is pale in proximal
half with distal ends of joints 3, 4 and 5, and all of joints 6 and 7 black; |
legs dusky yellow with tarsi and distal ends of tibiz black or blackish ;
cornicles also dusky yellow with extreme tips black, gently curved and
moderately clavate.

Length of body, 2 mm.; antenna, 2.5 mm. Joints: III .60, IV .4o,
Vi .43,/ VI +15,. VII .80 mm.. <Cornicles, .63° mm); cauda,<-25 eames
antennse upon strong tubercles, prothoracic tubercles wanting, 2nd joint of
antenna gibbous upon inner side.

A few light yellow viviparous females still on the leaves, but most of
the lice are oviparous females and winged males now. A few eggs,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65

bright green in colour, were seen upon the leaves, which became deep
shining black later (fig. 5).
Winged Male.—(Plate 3, figs. 6 and 7.)

Colour, a pale greenish-yellow; head, prothorax,-lobes of mesothorax
above and below and three lateral spots upon the abdomen, yellowish
brown; antenne, cornicles, tibiae, tarsi and distal ends of femora dusky to
blackish ; eyes dark red ; in some specimens the dorsum of the abdomen
shows transverse yellowish-brown lines upon many of the segments.

Length, about 1.40 mm.; antenna, 2.90 mm. Joints: III .60, IV
spigaV-a4o,, V1-.16, VIL rt mm.=: joints -3, 4-and,’'5- all have: a) row of
very small and slightly tuberculate sensoria upon the under side for their
entire lengths (fig. 7). Cornicles a little curved, distinctly clavate, and
.55 mm. long; venation of wing conspicuously black. Frontal tubercles
for antenne short but fairly stout; rst joints of antennz gibbous*upon
inner side ; cauda concolorous with body or a little dusky.

On account of the somewhat incrassate cornicles I am placing this
species in the genus Rhopalosiphum, but it has the general appearance of
Macrosiphum. This was by far the most common rose louse about Fort
Collins the past summer. Described from examples taken with the
oviparous females above.

Macrosiphum Sanborni,* n. sp.

A brownish-black pyriform louse, with all parts of the body above
highly polished. From chrysanthemums in greenhouse.
Apterous Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 8 and 9.)

Colour, to the naked eye, very dark brown or black. The lightest
portions are the margins of the meso- and metathorax, and the posterior
and posterio-lateral portions of the abdomen. The cauda, the cornicles,
the distal ends of the femora, the proximal and distal ends of the tibie,
joints t and 2 and distal half of antenna, black; greater portion of
tibiz, basal portions of femora and 3rd joint of antenna, brownish yellow ;
eyes very dark red.

Length of body, 1.85 mm.; antenna, 1.85 mm. Joints: III .53, IV
pay.e Vv. .20,. VE s12;, VEL .50 mmi Cauda, .26, and ‘cornicies, .24: mm.

*Koch’s black. chrysanthemum louse, Aphis chrysanthemi, can hardly be
this species, as it was described and figured as having the cauda very short,
hardly longer than broad. Macrosiphum campanule (Kalt) seems to be the

most closely-allied form so near as I can determine from the literature that I
have access to.

66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2

long. The cauda is very long and stout for the size of the louse ; the
cornicles are stout, strongly tapering towards tip and without distinct
flange ; 3rd joint of antenna with about 15 to 20 circular sensoria, varying
much in size; joint 4 without sensoria; a few stout hairs on joints 1
to 5; frontal tubercles rather prominent, converging towards the head,
but widely separated. Thorax without lateral tubercles, or with very
small ones.
The nymphs are dark amber in general colour.

Alate Viviparous Female.—Vaken from chrysanthemums at Fort Collins,
December 12, 1907.

General colour black, shining, with more or less of brown amber
colour on posterior margins of the abdomen and in the region of the
cornicles ; cox and distal ends of femora and tibize very black ; proximal
ends of femora and tibiz of a light amber colour.

Length of body, 1.43 mm.; antenna, 2 mm.; wings, 2.90 mm ; cor-
nicles,.20, and cauda, .23 mm. Joints of antenna: III .60, IV .26,
V .30, VI .13, VII .54 mm. Joint 3 is strongly tuberculate, with a large
number of sensoria. Joint 4 has about ten sensoria similar to those of
joint 3; joint 5 has a single. sensorium at distal end; joints set with
numerous rather strong hairs.

For a fuller description of the alate female see paper on Kansas
Aphididae, in Vol. III, No. 1, Kansas University Science Bulletin, by C.
E. Sanborn.

Prof. Sanborn, supposing he had before him Oestlund’s Vectarophora
chrysanthemi (quite a different species), described the alate female of this
common chrysanthemum louse.

It is possible that this louse is the one called by Williams Siphonophora
chrysanthemicolens in his Host-plant List of North American Aphididae,
Special Bulletin I., Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska,
1891, but without one word of description. In all probability it is what Mr.
Gahon has referred to in Bulletin 119 of the Maryland Exp. Sta., p. 14,
as the “ Black Aphis of the Chrysanthemum,” but also without descrip-
tion. I believe it entirely wrong to accept a name proposed as chry-
santhemicolens was. If there is any group of insects more than another
that need a very careful characterization to establish the identity of the
species, it seems to me that it must be the Aphidide.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67

We have found this louse common in greenhouses in Colorado, and
upon chrysanthemums only. We have seen no sexual forms.

Nectarophora chrysanthemt, Oest, was taken upon a composite,
Bidens chrysanthemoides, one of the Bur-Marigolds, and not upon
chrysanthemum.

Brachycolus Ballit, n. sp.

A long, slender, flat, thrip-like louse with very short legs, antennze
and beak, and without cornicles ; body more or less pulverulent through-
out. On Carex sp.

Wingless Viviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs 10 and II.)

General colour very light greenish-yellow, mottled heavily with dusky
spots above and below, and covered with white bloom. Body very long
and narrow; medium length, about 2.25 mm.; width, .75 to .80 mm.; an-
sina, .co.mim: ~ joints ::11E 19 71V 283 V 2a VL. E43 LE.o9 min
The cornicles are mere circular openings midway upon the 6th segment,
and often difficult to find; cauda knobbed, short; supragenital or anal
plate bifid ; vertex evenly rounded and quite convex; eyes very dark red
and entirely without tubercles ; legs short and stout, the third pair hardly
attaining the 7th abdominal segment ; beak extremely short, not attaining
2nd pair of coxe.

The dusky colour is usually solid upon head, pro- and mesothorax, and
about 3 or 4 of the terminal segments of the abdemen above, and there is
a large dusky spot on either lateral margin of each segment. Legs and
antenna dusky to blackish ; hairs upon legs, antenna and body short and
fine but fairly abundant.

Described from many specimens taken at Fort Collins, Aug. 9, Oct.
30 and Dec 3. I have also taken specimens at Rocky Ford, Colo. All
our specimens have been taken from Carex LVebraskensis.

Apterous Oviparous Female.—(Plate 3, figs. 12, 13 and 14.)

Length of body, 2.90 mm.; greatest width, .96 mm.; length of antenna,
mom. points’: Liles oi .26 5.V..25; VI ir7,.VI .15 mm. Legs
very short ; anterior tibiz, .60 mm. long. Eyes without tubercles. Gen-
eral colour a pale greenish-yellow, with slight dusky transverse lines, more
or less broken or indistinct at each suture of thorax and abdomen. Eyes
black or very dark red; antenna black beyond 2nd joint, but more or
less covered with a white pulverulence ; tarsi and posterior tibize and a

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

slight longitudinal line either side of the pronotum, dusky to blackish. No
other dark markings. Cornicles absent, but in the place of each is a pore
with a yellow spot just before it. Between the antenne the vertex has a
large flat bilobed tubercle or prominence. At the sides of joints 6 and 7
of the abdomen there are, on the ventral surface, upon either side, glands
that secrete delicate silvery white wax threads which are used to cover the
newly-laid eggs (fig. 13). Cauda knobbed as in Ca//ipterus; anal plate
bilobed ; beak very short, not reaching 2nd coxe.

Fges.—(Plate 3, fig. 13.)

The eggs when freshly deposited are a beautiful pale yellowish green,
lightly covered with bits of slender wax threads from the abdomen of the
female. Dimensions of eggs, .71 by .29 mm. ‘They are deposited upon
the free surface of the leaves or in the fold along the mid-vein and near
the base.

Described from a louse and her eggs that have been under ov-
tion for two weeks in the laboratory (12-4-’07).

This louse differs from the characters that Buckton lays down for
Brachycolus by having the 7th joint of the antenna short, and by having
the cauda knobbed as in Cad/ipterus.

No alate form or pupz have been seen.

It gives me pleasure to dedicate this interesting species, the first of
this genus described in America, to Dr. E. D. Ball, who first discovered it
in 1899 upon the grounds of the Colorado Agricultural College.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.

Plate.—Rhopalosiphum poe, n. sp.: 15, alate viviparous female ; 2,
joints 3 and 4 of the antenna of same; 3, apterous viviparous female.
Rhopalosiphum nervatum, n. sp.: 4, apterous oviparous female ; 5, egg of
same; 6, alate male; 7, joints 3 and 4 of antenna of same. JZacrosi-
phum Sanborni, n. sp.: 8, apterous viviparous female; 9, joint 3 of
antenna of same. Srachycolus Ballii, n. sp.: 10, apterous viviparous
female; 11, antenna of same; 12, apterous oviparous female; 13, egg,

and 14, antenna of same. All the lice are enlarged 15 diameters. Origi-
nal, M.A. Palmer, Artist,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 69

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

The third meeting of the Entomological Society of America was held
at the University of Chicago, December 30 and 31, 1907, in affiliation
with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other
societies. About one hundred were in attendance, coming from as
widely remote localities as Maine and California, Ottawa and Louisiana.

During Monday’s sessions twenty-one interesting papers on a variety
of Entomological subjects were read. An exhibit of specimens and
materials was open to inspection, contributions having been made by
eight members.

In the evening the annual address was given by Professor Herbert
Osborn, of the Ohio State University, his subject being ‘‘ The Habits of
Insects as a Factor in Classification.” The address was followed by a
most enjoyable smoker, at which the members of the Society and their
friends were the guests of the Entomological section of the Chicago
Academy of Sciences.

At the annual business meeting on Tuesday, the 31st, the following
officers were elected :

President, Dr. William Morton Wheeler.

1st Vice-President, Dr. John B. Smith.

2nd Vice-President, Rev. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune.

Secretary-Treasurer, J. Chester Bradley.

Additional members of the Executive Committee: Dr. James G.
Needham, Prof. V. S. Kellogg, Prof. Herbert Osborn, Prof. J. H. Com-
stock, Dr. P. P. Calvert, Mr. F. M. Webster.

STANDING COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE.
Dr. H. T. Fernald, to serve 3 years.
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, to serve two years.
Dr. E. P. Felt, to serve one year.

COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE...

Dr. Fernald moved, seconded by Dr. Smith,

1. That the Entomological Society of America hereby endorses the
Code of Nomenclature adopted by the International Zoological Congress
as the code which should be used by the members of the Society so far as
it can be applied.

2. That cases not covered by this code which may be presented to
the Society for consideration, be referred to a standing Committee on

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nomenclature, to consist of three members, one member of which shall be
elected each year for a term of three years, and the opinion of this Com-
mittee on cases referred to them shall be reported to the Society at the
first annual meeting subsequent to their reference to the Committee.

Mr. Bradley moved to amend by striking out the second clause,
because entomology should not be treated as distinct from zoology in
general, and because the Commission on Nomenclature established by the
International Congress of Zoology is the sufficient and proper body before
which to bring such question for decision.

Dr. Fernald stated that the reports of the Commission on Nomencla-
ture of the International Congress of Zoology are greatly delayed by the
fact that the Congress meets only once in three years, and by the rule
that a question must be presented at least a year before the meeting at
which it is to be considered. It was not the intention of the mover that
the Committee should act in opposition to or independently from the
Commission on Nomenclature, but that it should be instrumental in voicing
the needs of entomology before that body, which should be the final court
of reference.

With that explanation, the amendment was withdrawn and motion
passed,

PUBLICATION OF A JOURNAL.

Perhaps the most important act of the meeting was embodied in the
following resolutions adopted by the Executive Committee and confirmed
by the Society :

1. That the Society undertake a publication to be called ‘“ Annals of
the Entomological Society of America,” to be issued in quarterly fascicles.

2. That it include only papers of importance or marked merit, and
that each be issued and bound separately as well as in fascicles, so that
each paper may be sold separately.

3. That proceedings of the meetings be included either at the
beginning or end of each volume, and form one separate, which is to be
sent to all members of the Society.

4. That a subscription price of $1.00 in addition to the membership
fee be charged members for the annals, and that the subscription price to
non-members, libraries, etc., be $3.00.

s. That an Editorial Board be selected by the Executive Committee,
and that this Board shall select one of its members as managing editor,
who, with his associates, shall be responsible for the selection of material
to be published.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71

6. That if possible some one living in a suitable location, and who
can undertake the work of managing editor for a series of years, be selected
for this position.

7. That details not covered in this report are to be determined by the
Editorial Board.

8. That actual publication under the provisions of this report be
inaugurated as soon as possible.

It will be seen from the above that all members will receive the
number containing the full proceedings of the meetings free, and upon
payment of $1.00 the entire annals, while the regular subscription price to
non-members will be $3.00.

A resolution was passed limiting the number of Fellows for the
present to 10% of the membership.

The meeting then adjourned, to meet next December in Baltimore.

During the sessions the Executive Committee elected the following
Fellows: Justus Watson Folsom, William Joseph Holland, Clarence
Preston Gillette, Lawrence Bruner, Mark Vernon Slingerland, Henry

linton Fall, Charles Lester Marlatt. Twenty new members were also
elected. J. C. BRADLEY, Secretary-Treasurer.

SYNCHLOE LANCEOLATA, BOISDUVAL, WITH A DESCRIP-
TION OF A RELATED SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA.

BY FORDYCE GRINNELL, JR., PASADENA, CALIF.

The purpose of this paper is to give a description of an interesting
species of Synchloe related to /anceolata, Boisduval.

Synchloe lanceolata was described in 1852, and again in the second
paper in 1869, in the classical and historically interesting paper, “ Lépi-
dopteres de la Californie.” The type locality was given as ‘‘ Montagnes
de la Juba,” and that of Dr. Behr’s Edwardsii, described subsequently, as
“ Downieville, Sierra county”; while my specimens are from Plumas
county, to the northward, but in the same faunal area, and so are really
typical.

Synchloe lanceolata (Boisduval), Dyar.

g. Upper side white. Primaries with a comparatively large, black
lunule at end of cell, with the concave side turned towards the apex of the
wing. Apices more or less shaded with brown scales, especially along the

nervules. Hind wings white. Under side, wood-brown, with faint traces
February, 1908

72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of ochre yellow along veins and in the apices. Discal spot more curved
than above. On the hind wings the colour is more dense towards
the costa. A large white, slightly tapering streak, directed inwardly. Ex-
panse, 40 mm. |

2. Similar to the male, but larger.

Synchloe australis, new species.

g. Upper side: Primaries, white; apex rather densely shaded
with blackish-brown, especially along the veins, gradualiy thinning out
towards the inner margin. The discal spot is simply a blackish-brown
dash, oblique. Hind wings white, the markings of the under side giving
it a diluted appearance. Under side: Primaries white, the apices suffused
with lavender-gray, lightly marked with the prevailing colour of the
secondaries, and also along the costa to the base. Discal spot larger and
slightly crescent-shaped. Secondaries varying from drab to olive or hair-
brown, mottled in dashes and streaks, densest along veins and towards
base and costa. The white dash is comparatively small. Antenne annu-
lated ; club dark brown, tip yellowish. Thorax and base of wings, black-
ish-brown, ;

Expanse, 50 mm.

@. Similar to the male.

Types, t ¢ and 2 @ @, in the collection of the author. Five topo-
types in the collection of V. L. Clémence.

Types locality: Arroyo Seco Canon and Millard Canon, Pacific
slope of the St. Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles county, California. Ele-
vation 2,500 feet. April 6, 1899, and April 8, 1907.

I have thirteen typical specimens of Zanceodata from Plumas county,
Calif., July, 1902, before me.

These two species differ so decidedly in practically all points that
they can hardly be confused by anyone ; the density of the apical shading,
the shape of the discal spot, the exact colouring of the under side of the
secondaries particularly, and the white dash, are all distinctive and easily-
observed characters. Thecolour of the under side of the secondaries has
heretofore been very vaguely indicated, but here they are very important,

so I have consulted Ridgway’s ‘‘Nomenclature of Colours” for the correct
ones.

Students of butterflies have sadly neglected the comparative study of
the species to the minutest details, and their relation to the evolution of
the physiography of the region ; before we can gain any knowledge of the
evolution, origin and distribution of the b:tterflies, the study of physiog-
raphy must be taken up along with the butterfly structure.

x

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

~I
Os

Synchloe australis and danceolata are Transition Zone species ; /ace-
o/ata belongs to the Sierra Nevadan faunal area, while austra/is belongs to
the Southern Sierran. The relation of these forms to the evolution of
the physiography of the country will be undertaken at some future time.

Mr. E. K. Harvey, of Los Angeles, has four specimens of australis
in his collection captured in Eaton Canon in the San Gabriel Mountains,
on the following dates: March 16 and 21, tgo1, and April 21, 1899.
Three males and one female. Mr. Harvey has noticed the striking dif-
ferences between these and specimens of typical /anceolata which he
possesses from Siskiyou county and Placer county.

W. G. Wright, in his ‘“ Butterflies of the West Coast,” refers to this
species as the southern form of /anceo/ata ; he does not refer to the dis-
tinctive characters of the under side, only saying that the apices are a
little darker. He figures only the upper side, his specimens being from
“ City Creek, Cal.,” near San Bernardino. The localities in Mr. Wright’s
book are very vague and indefinite, his descriptions likewise, all of which
lessen the value of the book.

In conclusion, I will give in synoptical form the characters of these two
species, to help in their readier discrimination :

1. Discal spot crescent shaped ; apical shading comparatively obscure ;

under side of secondaries wood brown and ochre yellow ; white dash

Bamgeg io Ser eo cas .....-lanceolata, Bdv.

2. Discal spot straight; apical shading very intense; under side of
secondaries drab or hair-brown ; white dash
cumparatiyely small... Jeissc. . gece ess iis 7 eee, B. Spe

ON SOME APPARENTLY NEW CECIDOMYIID~.

BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY,
NEW YORK.

Cecidomyia (?) collinsonie, sp. nov.—Larva.—White, broad and
rounded. Anal segment somewhat truncate, with the sides rounded. Breast-
bone or anchor process very broad at the apex, and with two widely-
separated lateral, short projections, the part between them even. Basal
portion of breast-bone not visible. Length, 2 mm.; width, .75 mm.

Gall._—Green, onion-shaped, pubescent, succulent, thick-walled, with
a narrow larval chamber inside containing a single larva. Length, 4-7
mm.; width, 3.50-5 mm.

February, 1908

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Collected at Garrison, New York, by T. D. A. Cockerell and myself,
in August, 1907. The gall occurs singly or in numbers on the under sides
of the leaves of horse-balm ( Collinsonia Canadensis ).

Cecidomyia (2?) collinsontfolia, sp. nov.—Larva.—White, elongate,
narrow. Anal segment rounded. Breast-bone long, narrow, gradually
broadening toward the apex, where there are two rather sharp teeth, with
the space between very deep. Length, 1.75 mm.; width, .50 mm.

Gall.—Pale green, elongate, narrow swellings on the mid-rib, or
larger veins on the under side of the leaf of horse-balm ( Collimsonia

Canadensts ).

Collected at Garrison, New York, by T. D. A. Cockerell and myself,
in August. The gall contains a single larva.

Cecidomyia (2?) triadenti, sp. nov.— Larva.—Pale orange, long and
narrow, much longer than broad, and of almost equal width. Anal
segment rounded. Breast-bone or anchor process prominent, long,
anterior portion greatly enlarged, with a projection on each side and two
lateral teeth at the apex. Length, 4 mm.; width, .75 mm.

Gal/.— Green, globular or somewhat elongate swellings on the stalk
of marsh St. John’s wort (Zriadenum virginicum). Length, 6-10 mm.;
width, 5-5.50 mm.

Collected in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Sept. 15, 1907, by
W. de W. Miller.

Cecidomyia (?) angelica, sp. nov.— Zarva.—Orange, elongate, sides
parallel. Each segment with a minute filament on each side, and a num-
ber at the terminal end of the anal segment, which is rounded. Breast-
bone or anchor process long, slender and parallel to the broad anterior por-
tion, which has a long, sharp projection on each side and three apical teeth,
the median one being shorter. Length, 3.50 mm.; width, .75 mm.

Gall.—Elongate swellings of the stalk of the pubescent angelica
(Angelica villosa). Each gall contains numerous larve, which are in a
large chamber filled with pith of the plant. Sometimes as many as four
swellings are on a single stalk. Length, 25 to55 mm.; width, 8 to 14
mm. The larve hibernate in the gall.

Collected in Middlesex County, New Jersey, Oct. 22, 1907, by W.
de W. Miller.

Cecidomyia (?) boehmeria, sp. nov.—Larva.—Pale yellowish-white,
elongate, segments of almost equal width. Anal segment rounded and
without filaments. Breast-bone or anchor process very long and slender,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMQLOGIST. 75

gradually widening towards the anterior portion, which has two lateral
teeth and a shorter median one. Length, 2 mm.; width, .50 mm.

Gal/.—An elongate, fusiform swelling of the stalk of false nettle
(Boehmeria cylindrica). Inside is an elongate, narrow chamber, inhabited
by a single larva. Length, r2 mm.; width, 6 mm.

Collected at Shushank, New York, Sept. 30, 1907, by Frank Dobbins,
and at Fort Lee, New Jersey, by the writer.

Cecidomyia (2?) fulva, sp. nov.—Zarva.—Orange. Breast-bone or
anchor process very long, slightly increasing in width toward the apex,
which has two rather long, sharp lateral teeth. Length, 1.25 mm.; width,
.75 mm.

Gall.—Green, succulent, globular or irregularly rounded swelling on
the stem, petiole or leaf of the jewel-weed or balsam (/mpatiens fulva).
Inside is a rather large chamber inhabited by a single larva. Length,
7 mm.; width, 4 mm.

Collected at Shushank, New York, Sept. 30, 1907, by Frank Dobbins,
and at Fort Lee, New Jersey, by the writer. |

Lasioptera lycopi Felt—Zarva.—Pale orange, long and slender,
with the segments of almost equal width. Breast-bone or anchor process
long, anterior portion much swollen, with two long lateral teeth rounded
at the tip. Length, 1.33 mm.; width, .25 mm.

Ga//.—Rounded or globular, green, swellings on the stalks of bugle-
weed (Lycopus virginicus). Inside is an elongated chamber containing a
single larva. Length, to mm.; width, 4 mm.

Collected at White Plains; N. Y., Sept. 31, 1907.

BOOK NOTICE.

Mosguito Lire. By Evelyn Groesbeeck Mitchell, A. B., M. S.; G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, New York and London. The Knickerbocker Press, :
1907.

This neat little volume of 280 pages has been published by Miss
Mitchell as a graceful tribute to the memory of the late Dr. J. W. Dupree,
under whom she worked, and whose notes she acquired. The volume is
really a review of the same ground covered by Dr. L. O. Howard’s
‘“* Mosquitoes,” brought up more nearly to the level of present knowledge,
and illustrated by original drawings made by the author. It may take the

place of a second edition of that work, which has never been published,
although so much needed. Miss Mitchell’s original keys for the

76 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

determinations of species will, no doubt, prove convenient to field workers
and physicians, as she has largely avoided the use of microscopical
structures. In the title the species of the United States are said to be
treated of, but in reality, only those of the Atlantic Coast region are dealt
with. The book has not been revised to date, the most recent contribu-
tions to the knowledge of the subject being unnoticed ; but for this we
can scarcely blame the author, as the subject proceeds at such a rapid
pace that any book must lag behind to some extent.

We regret to notice a lamentable lack of credit to Dr. Howard and
his assistants. The book reads like a second edition of Dr. Howard’s
work. Mr. Coquillett’s classification has been absolutely adhered to ; the
descriptions of larvee sound so familiar that the reviewer involuntarily
turned to the title page to see if they were not his own, while the
illustrations show the effects of the influence of Mr. F. Knab’s expert
artistic criticism. Probably Miss Mitchell herseif scarcely realizes how
much information she has absorbed from the Government Bureaus. We
should like her to try and imagine what her book would have been like if
she had written it before she came to Washington. Of Dr. Howard’s
assistants, Mr. Coquillett only receives some, though inadequate,
recognition, His name might have better assisted in gracing the title
page. A certain obtuseness of scientific conscience is, we _ think,
responsible for this condition, and it has further led our author to publish
her work independently, although she was employed to assist in the
preparation of the much-delayed Carnegie Institution Monograph, and had
in her hands for study the material collected for that work. An attempt
has been made to avoid responsibility for this action by re-examining
those species that could be found in the collections of the New Jersey
and New York State entomologists, and we have no doubt that all the
figures were carefully redrawn out of office hours. A more candid course
on Miss Mitchell’s part would not have detracted from the credit due her,
though it might possibly have prevented the publication of the book.
Her action in copyrighting drawings which she had been paid to prepare
for the Carnegie Institution Monograph, is certainly indefensible.
Following the example set by the objects of her study, Miss Mitchell has
played the part of a feminine Psorophora among the scientific A‘dids of
Washington. The A‘dids themselves can do no less than commend the

work, however much they may deprecate its manner of production. Our
readers will find it a useful handbook. HARRISON G. Dyar.

Mailed February 6th, 1908,

The € anadlian Fntomologist

VoL. XE. LONDON, MARCH, 1908. NOs. 2.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF AMERICAN
NOCTUID:.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Gortyna ochroptena, 1. sp.—Pale stramineous, only slightly tinted
with brown, the lines faint and obscure, arranged as in rufi/a, Guen., and
allies. Ordinary spots white, claviform and orbicular forming an oblique
row of three spots, the middle one smallest ; reniform with white central
line, all the surrounding spots white ; subterminal shade purplish, defining
a yellow apical patch. Hind wings whitish. Expanse, 33 mm.

One ¢, Denver, Colorado (collection of Wm. Schaus).

Type, No. r14t1, U. S. National Museum.

A Western species of the vwf//a series, distinguished by its very pale
colour. The colour is much the same as in furcata, Smith, but without
the expanded spots of that species.

Gortyna nepheleptena, n. sp.—Fore wing very heavily shaded with
brown down to and including the submedian fold, the space between
that and the inner margin as far out as the outer line clear yellowish,
irrorated with red-brown ; an apical yellow patch, from which the sub-
terminal line is clearly indicated as a series of little scallops to the anal
angle ; ordinary lines lost in the dark colour; basal spots yellow in the
dark ground, two near the costal edge, followed by a very narrow yellow
line ; orbicular and claviform forming three rounded white spots, nearly
equal, the middle one eroded on the inner side; orbicular a slender curved
yellow line, surrounded by the full complement of spots, all white, none
large. Hind wing tinged with fuscous to the outer margin, which is
somewhat broadly and contrastingly pale. Expanse, 33 mm.

One 2, New York [exact locality unknown], (collection U. S.
National Museum).

Type, No. 11412, U. S. National Museum.

The specimen was identified by Prof. J. B. Smith as “ Mydrecia
appasionata, Harv.,” at some date, apparently many years ago, for it has
nothing to do with that pretty and now well-known species. It belongs
to the rwtz/a series, but it is much more heavily dark-shaded than any
described form. It is perhaps nearest to MWerriccata, Bird, but that has
the brown shading powdered and diffused, not obscuring the ordinary
lines,

78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Gortyna marginidens, Gueneé.— A specimen before me was com-
pared with Gueneé’s type by Mr. Schaus, and a reading of Gueneé’s
description appears to me to entirely confirm the determination. The
species is, however, not the one identified as marginidens by Prof. J. B.
Smith and by Mr. H. Bird, but the “dark form” of circumlucens, Smith,
referred to by Mr. Bird as forming galls in the stems of hop (CAN. EnrT.,
XXXIX, 137, 1907). The types of circumlucens,. while similar im
markings, are considerably darker in colour than the marginidens, and,
considering how closely the species of Gorvtyna are allied, I am inclined
to retain circum/lucens, for the present at least, as a distinct species, the
larva being still undiscovered. ‘The species heretofore known as
marginidens will require a new name, and may be known as 3

Gortyna Lirdi, n. sp.—Of the same pattern and coloration as
marginidens, Guen., but the colours more diversified, the median space
more contrastingly lighter below; at the base of the wing, beside the
single white speck, two spots, a waved line and a dot; reniform spot
larger, more expanded, similarly. formed ; orbicular with a central brown
dot, not solid; apical pale patch somewhat more diffused.

Eight specimens before me, the one selected as type being a male in
fine condition, bred by Mr. Bird at Rye, New York.

Type, No. 11410, U. S. National Museum.

Gortyna nephrasyntheta, n. sp.—Similar to Lirdi, Dyar, and as
large as the largest female of that species before me. The fore wing is
much the same, but the colour is less bright, and the shadings less
contrasted, being of a dull tan brown. The markings are all the same,
the principal difference residing in the reniform stigma, which is very
large and almost solidly white, the centre line being white instead of
yellow as in 47rd, and closely fused to its large surrounding spots, their
separations forming narrow hair-lines. Apical blotch large, pale.
Expanse, 47 mm.

One ?, Plummer’s Island, Maryland, Sept. 27, t904 (E. A. Schwarz).

Type, No. 11413, U. S. National Museum.

I have had this specimen under the label marginidens, Guen.
(= Lirdi, Dyar), for several years, but now that Mr. Bird has shown how
closely these species run, it is impossible to longer hold it in that
association.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ~ 79

Gortyna anargyrea, 1. sp.—Fore wing light buff, sprinkled with
brown atoms; inner line faint, double, brown, powdery ; median shade
powdery, angled on the median vein; outer line distinct, purplish,
slightly curved at its upper fourth, followed by a lighter purple shade, that
is pointedly produced on the veins without, quadrately incised near the
apex, followed by a narrow space comparatively devoid of the brown
powdering, which obtains again terminally ; spots yellow, without any
white, basal spots and narrow subbasal line shown, claviform obliquely
elliptical, cut by the submedian fold ; orbicular small, rounded, cut by a
brown dot on its outer side ; reniform a narrow yellow line, surrounded
by small yellow spots. Hind wing shaded with fuscous except on the
margin. Expanse, 34 mm.

One ¢, Colorado [exact locality unknown], (collection of Wm.
Schaus).

Type, No. 11414, U. S. National Museum.

The specimen bears Mr. Schaus’s label, “* Hydrecia purpurifascia,
G. and R.,” but it differs from that species in its lighter appearance,
caused by the reduction of the terminal shading and the total absence of
the white spots. it may be considered as a Western representative of
purpurifascia, specifically distinct, I have no doubt.

Gortyna triorthia, n. sp.—Fore wing light yellow, heavily shaded
with brown in the middle, leaving the costal and inner edges and the
space between median and outer lines clear yellow ; inner line faint,
double, brown, forming an outcurve below vein 1; median line shaded
distinct, bent where it touches the reniform below; outer line very
straight, purple, followed by a purple shade, which is dentate on the veins
without ; subterminal line indicated by a narrow, clear yellow space ;
red powderings terminally ; claviform and orbicular in a rigid, oblique
line, white, full, nearly fused, the claviform dumb-bell-shaped, the
orbicular elliptical ; reniform a yellow arc, surrounded by spots, a narrow
white one at the upper and lower corners within, four without, of which
the second from the top is rather strongly shaded with yellow. Hind
wing testaceous, faintly shaded with brown subterminally. Expanse,
36 mm.

Type, one 2, Holderness, New Hampshire, Sept. 21, 1883 (collec-
tion of C. V. Riley). I also associate a ?, Centre, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1877
Garey 211) 5a? marked. -“s98.";a>9; Rhinebeck;* N.: Y.,: Sept. 13;
1888 (Miss Grace Asher); a g, Kittery Point, Me., Sept. ro, 1881 (R.
Thaxter) ; anda 7, Colorado (D. Bruce, collection of Wm. Schaus).

80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Type, No. 11415, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to purpurifascia, but distinguished by the straightness and
confluence of the inner spots and the median shading. Less closely
allied to Harvriszz, Grt. All the specimens were labelled ‘“purpurifascia,”
Mr, Schaus’s specimen being marked “ purpurifascia, Grt., comp. B. M.”;
but these species are so much alike that any comparison might easily err,
and I prefer to retain Mr. Bird’s identification of purpurifascta, which I
think is correct.

Chabuata rectinubila, n. sp.—Q. Head and thorax brown, very
thickly irrorated with white; abdomen gray-brown, irrorated with gray.
Fore wing duli brown, very thickly irrorated with white ; faint traces of ©

the antemedial line ; reniform indicated by a faint pale discoloration ;
postmedial line very faint, bent outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4,

then incurved, faint traces of the subterminal line, preceded by an oblique

straight pale shade frorh costa before apex to inner margin before tornus.
Hind wing brownish shaded,. the veins darker, the marginal areas broadly
suffused with brown; the under side white, irrorated with brown, a
discoidal point and indistinct curved postmedial line.

4 .—Similar to the female. Anal tuft somewhat ochreous.

Eight specimens, Orizaba, Mexico (collection of Wm. Schaus).

Type, No. 11318, U.S. National Museum.

Allied to C. mutina, Schaus, with which it was confused in the
Schaus collection.

THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO THE “CATALOGUE OF APE Dz
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISL.

In enumerating the synonyms of Chaitophorus (Can. ENT.,
XXXVII, 1905, p. 417), I was. able to give seven, of which, however,
five had been inaccessible to me. Iam in no better plight now, except
that apparently accurate references to some of these are given in a paper
by Ritsema (cf. A. M. N. H. (4), VI, 93, 1870). The following are
probably correct :
|; Phyllophorus, Thornton, 1852, Proc. E. S. London,

INP i We ee aan, SR Si a a Ss. y Cs oe he t. festudinatus.
It Chelymorpha, Lane Clarke, 1858, Objects for the
WRCTOSGO DE eras a5 Sho raises» (London), p. ? t. Ahyllophora.

The correct citation of Riizaphis (CAN. EnT., XXXVIII, 1906, p.

10) is apparently ‘“‘ Planchon, 1867, C. R. Paris, xlvii, 588, t. vastatrix.”
March, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pats

DR. DYAR’S CRITICISM. OF ..MOSOUITO: LIFE.”
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Dr. Dyar’s criticism of ‘‘ Mosquito Life” in the February number of
the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (it cannot possibly be called a review—the
author informs me that no copy of the book was sent to Dr. Dyar) calls
for a reply, that the many false statements may be corrected. ‘To define
my own position in the case, it may be stated that when Miss E. G.
Mitchell, the author, began work on the drawings for the Carnegie Mono-
graph, she was assigned a desk in Dr. Dyar’s office at the National
Museum, and he was given general supervision of her work. Instead of
giving her a specimen to draw, he handed her two trays containing about
35 slides of larvalskins, bidding her compare them critically and ascertain
if more than one species was in the lot. How well she did her work may
be gleaned from the first paragraph of an article in the Journal of the N.
Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIII., p. 107, under the title ‘‘ Brief Notes on Mos-
quitoes,” by Harrison G. Dyar, A. M., Ph. D., and which runs as fol-
lows:

“Distribution of Zheobaldia absobrinus, Felt.—In re-examining my
series of Zheobaldia incidens from British Columbia (Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Wash., VI., 38, 1904), I find it to contain a mixture of a second species
which I am able to identify with Z: adsobrinus, Felt.”

Not one word in the entire article to indicate that the work had been
done by any other person than himself! The lady continued her work for
several weeks, then informed me that she would prefer to resign rather
than continue working under the unpleasant existing conditions. She was
therefore given desk-room in my office in the National Museum, where she
continued her work on the drawings under my general supervision, and so
matters stood until the cessation of her work about a year later.

I will now take up the more flagrant of Dr. Dyar’s false satements in
the order in which he gives them:

1. “In the title the species of the United States are said to be treated
of, but in reality, only those of the Atlantic coast region are dealt with.”
Only a casual glance through the book is necessary to reveal the fact that
Franciscanus, incidens, varipalpus, Currtet, pullatus, Hletchert, Spencert,
etc., ail western or Pacific Coast forms, are dealt with.

2. ‘ The illustrations show the effects of Mr. F. Knab’s expert artistic
criticism.” Without wishing in the least to detract from Mr. Knab’s ability
as a critic or artist, | amin a position to know that he never saw any

of the drawings of the adults, and an incident which he himself related to
March, 1908

e)
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

me indicates that the author herself was the real critic. At her first visit to
his office, he showed her one of his wash-ink drawings of a larva. Although
she did not know the species, she told him that she was sure, from those
she did know, that he had omitted two hairs, indicating on the figure
where they ought to be. Mr. Knab vehemently denied the omission, protest-
irfg that he had been extremely careful not to overlook a single hair. She
asked to see the specimen on which the figure was founded, and upon
examining it, the hairs were found, and Mr. Knab was manly enough to
acknowledge himself in the wrong !

3. “Mr. Coquillett only receives some, though inadequate, recogni-
tion, His name might have better assisted in gracing the title page.” By
this it is evidently intended to imply that I wrote part of ‘‘ Mosquito
Life.” Asa matter of fact, the MSS. of that book were written by Miss
Mitchell at her home in East Orange, N. J., and sent to the publishers
before she returned to Washington. I was in Washington all this time, as
the records of the Bureau of Entomology show, and neither wrote nor dic-
tated any part of the book.

4. “A certain obtuseness of scientific conscience is, we think, re-
sponsible for this condition, and it has further led our author to publish
her work independently, although she-was employed to assist in the publi-
cation of the much-delayed Carnegie Institution Monograph, and had in
her hands for study the material collected for that work.” She was not
employed to assist in the preparation of the fex¢ of the Monograph, and at
no time did she have in her hands the Carnegie material for study ;
during all the time she was at work on the Monograph I had charge of the
adults, while Dr. Dyar had control of the early stages. All she was
employed to do was to make drawings of some of the early stages and
details of the same, besides copying in charcoal some of the line drawings
she had previously made for Dr. Dupree, and which he had generously
loaned her for that purpose. During the period when she was drawing
for the Monograph, she devoted her spare time to completing a series of
keys to the North American mosquitoes, begun in Louisiana, intending to
use them as a thesis for the degree of M. S. in the George Washington
University. No secret was made of this, and, as a student of the above
University and asa citizen, she had right of access to the study-coliection
of the Museum. The chaotic condition of the larva collection at that time
caused her unwittingly to incorporate in the keys a few species belonging
to the Carnegie collection. These species were not new at the time, and
Dr. Dyar’s keys containing all of these and many other species were pub-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83

lished before the book was even written. However, even on this score, no
objection can possibly be applied to her book, since her keys were entirely
reconstructed from non-Carnegie material.

5. “ Her action in copyrighting drawings which she had been paid to
prepare for the Carnegie Institution Monograph is certainly indefensible.”
Not one of these drawings was published in ‘‘ Mosquito Life,” and as
Dr. Dupree had already given the Carnegie people permission to publish
such of them as were copied from his own, and the author was merely act-
ing in his place, the publication of the originals in ‘“‘Mosquito Life” in no
way affected this permission.

The above is, I believe, sufficient to show the utter falsity of Dr.
Dyar’s charges. The writer regrets that, as a matter of justice as well as
of record, the occasion necessitates the preparation and publication of the
present reply. The author’s well-known scientific probity should have
precluded the possibility of any personal attack.

A FURTHER NOTE ON SYNELYS ENUCLEATA.

BY L. W. SWETT, MALDEN, MASS.

In the December Can. Ent., Vol. XXXIX, p. 412, Mr. Prout has
added some very interesting material to what I had found out. He
seemed puzzled about two things: first, why I thought the original
description or typical form was drawn up from one specimen. In the last
line of Gueneé’s description he says ‘(2 semblable)”; this Mr. Prout
must have overlooked, as he says it was drawn up from ‘6 examples,”
and the typical form was the one without blotches, but, as can be seen, it
was from one specimen that he drew the description, and Mr. Prout is
mistaken. Gueneé certainly knew all the forms, and the “6 examples”
refers to the other two forms under variety A with blotches on both wings
and on the fore wings only. Secondly, Mr. Prout wonders why I believed
the form with blotches on both wings to be exucleata. Well,
simply because I found them so labelled in Packard’s collection and
figured in the Monograph, and because I knew that Gueneé’s types were
known to Packard, and that they corresponded, I formed this conclusion.
I found on reading the description that the two did not agree, but
accepted Packard’s judgment in preference to my own in this case. I
have no doubt that Mr. Prout is correct, and shall accept his judgment

regarding my correction, as being in Europe with the Walker types and
March, 1908

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

notes, he is better fitted to pass judgment than I, and I wish to thank him
for giving me further information on the subject. Packard, on the whole,
made very few mistakes, considering the great amount of work that he
did, but on difficult groups like Eois and Eupithecia, one wonders how he
could put so many different species under one name, on which I shall
comment at another time, and in the case of enucleata, this may have
been one of his errors.

NOTE ON THE BROWN CRY-PTOLECHIA (CRYPTOLECHIA
QUERCICHLLA, CLEMENS).

BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.

On several occasions we have observed the leaves of Aspen Poplar
tied together by a small yellowish-green caterpillar, but it was not till
1907 that we succeeded in rearing the perfect insect and finding out its
name. On August 25th, 1906, I collected a number of these larve on
Populus tremuloides in the Arboretum of the Central Experimental Farm,
and was rewarded on June roth, 1907, by finding that one of the moths
had emerged. Soon after that date Mr. W. D. Kearfott, of Montclair, N.
J., visited Ottawa, and on submitting the specimen to him, he identified it
as Cryptolechia quercicella, Clemens. My note taken on Aug. 25th, 1906,
reads as follows:

Larva, 12 mm. long. Head shining jet black, wedge-shaped,
roughened ; clypeus reaching about two-thirds to vertex ; mouth-parts
brownish. Body pale yellowish-green, with a pulsating dorsal vessel.
Thoracic shield blackish, brown in centre of dorsum. ‘Tubercles indis-
tinct, sete pale. Spiracles round and black. Anal shield blackish.
Segment 11 has a few blotches of crimson above spiracles. Feet pale
brownish. The larva lives in a tent, which is made by sewing two or
three leaves together. ‘These tents are conspicuous on the trees.

In Packard’s “ Forest Insects,” the Brown Cryptolechia is treated of
under Insects Injuring Oak Leaves, but Aspen Poplar is also mentioned as
a food-plant. The description of the larva there given differs in some
respects from that given above of the specimens which I had under
observation.

ERRATA.—February number, page 53, last line of second paragraph,
for “ presence ” read “absence”; page 54, oth line, for “female” read
‘‘ femora.”

March, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 25.
OvIPOSITION OF EPIDEMIA EPIXANTHE.
BY J. H. COOK AND F. E. WATSON.

A desire to observe the larva of /ucisalia folios in the field, and to
secure a few for breeding, took us to Lakewood, N. J., toward the end of
the last week in June, 1907. For forty-eight hours we were compelled to
work under the disadvantages incident to a steady rain, succeeded by a
series of showers, mists and infrequent periods of half-hearted sunshine.
Though no butterflies appeared, such weather was—except for the discom-
fort entailed—the best possible for caterpillar hunting, and by evening of
the second day we had collected a number of crus, niphon and folios,
sufficient to warrant us in turning our attention to something else.

A golden sunset gave promise of clearing skies on the morrow, and
in casting about for some butterfly problem which might profitably occupy
our time, we chanced to think of Apidemia epixanthe. It was as yet a
little too early to expect the species to be flying in numbers, and our
hopes of learning anything of its life-history were correspondingly moderate;
nevertheless we made ready for a day’s work in the cranberry bogs.

July the first dawned cloudless and serene, and following the less
agreeable weather, it seemed doubly pleasant to see the land flooded with
light, and to feel the warmth of the morning sun on our hands and faces.
We set out betimes along a little-travelled road, which runs through the
negro quarter of the village, and on towards the coast. The sandy high-
way had dried during the night, and walking was slow and somewhat
fatiguing, though we made no pretence of haste, stopping occasionally to
gather a few zrus caterpillars from the Aaptisza,* or to look over the
small pines for z7phon. Further on the road was bordered on either side
by thickets of laurel, crowned with magnificent masses of pink and white
blossoms, and we paused to admire their luxuriance and beauty, and to
enjoy the rich fragrance with which the air was laden. Out in the open,
however, we plodded on in full realization that it was a typical, torrid,
glorious summer’s day.

By reason of slow progress and numerous delays, we did not reach
the marsh for which we had headed until well on toward eleven o’clock ;

*Two weeks before we had discovered a female zrws ovipositing on Baptista
tinctoria, and further investigation has led us to believe that this is the preferred,
if not the only, larval food-plant in New Jersey and for some distance southward.
Neither eggs nor larvz were found on lupine (Zufinus perennis ) either at South
Lakewood or Newfoundland, N. J., though they were common enough on the
False Indigo wherever zrvs occurred,

March, 1908

86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

but at last the trees thinned on the left, and we crossed a bridge spanning
the stream which fed the bog.

The bog began near the road, and for a little distance was on one
side overgrown with thick shrubbery, and on the other by small scattering
junipers; below this it was clear, save for the cranberry vines, and foliowed
the broad, shallow trough of its sluggish stream until hidden by a turn to
the right.

We made for the quaggy ground and separated. Here and there
within the radius of vision flashed silvery-gray spots, which when approached
resolved themselves into efzxanthe butterflies, members of a species which
for many a year had kept the details of its earlier life a profound secret.
Dr. Wm. Saunders had suggested Alenyanthes trifoliata as the food of the
larva, but though the name had remained in mind the plant was not
among our vegetable acquaintances. Rumex verticil/atus had also been
mentioned as a possibility by Scudder, apparently because hypophleas
and ¢hoé fed upon plants of that genus. Cranberry, the most obvious
supposition (since ef7xanthe is found only in cranberry bogs), seemed
almost out of the reckoning by reason of the repeated failure of those who
had sought the larva thereon. Still, failures are not conclusive evidence,
and to the cranberry we pinned most of our hopes and all of our females.
There were not many of these, though males were quite abundant, and at
noon we had but four under gauze.

It was nearly half-past one when the next female was sighted at the
edge of the juniper growth. After flitting about for a few minutes, she
hesitated above a clump of Sphagnum, and fluttered down into the tangle
of cranberry vines growing from the moss. Here flight was impossible,
and though her wings. continued to vibrate rapidly, the motion was
evidently indulged in as a means of balancing, progress up and down the
young stalks being accomplished entirely with her legs. At length she
came to rest so deep among the vines that her position was made out with
difficuity ; with half-spread wings she remained for a moment motionless,
then buzzed rapidly upward into the net-bag held to receive her.

The egg was soon discovered on the under surface of a new leaf of
Vaccinium macrocarpus (larger cranberry), about an inch from the end of
the branch. As far as we could judge, it did not differ in size, shape or
ornamentation from the egg of Chrysophanus thoé, though direct com-
parison was imposssble at the time.

The female was confined over cranberry, and within three minutes
oviposited twice, ‘The eggs were placed as in the former instance, upon

ae ae oS . S| ff

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87

I es —

the under surface of leaves, near the apex of the new shoots, but the
branches selected were higher up on the plant, and quite above the
Sphagnum. Waving more confidence in results obtained under natural
conditions, we removed the gauze and set the insect at liberty. She flew
but a few feet, then settled almost out of sight among the vines, and prac-
tically repeated her first performance. Thereupon the lady basely
violated the confidence reposed in her by flying for the trees, dodging
around one of them, and disappearing most mysteriously. Some time was
spent in an endeavour to pick up the lost trail, but without success.

We did not remain at the bog long after this, but returned to
Lakewood with our four captive females, and immediately confined them
over cranberry arranged as naturally as possible, and put them in a sunny
window.

The next day was spent in a small swampy stretch along the railroad
track just south of the village. pixanthe was quite abundant, and a
dozen or more females were observed, though no eggs were secured.
However, a pair were found 77 coztu, and watched for eighteen minutes,
when they separated. They were easily taken, and the impregnated
female went to join her sisters in prison. We returned to the house about
two o'clock, and found one of the insects brought in the day before busily
ovipositing on the cranberry. This continued all the afternoon, even on
the train bearing us back to New York. Several eggs would be laid at
intervals of a few seconds ; then a period of rest would ensue, and again
a number of eggs. The last oviposition observed was at 5.30 p.m. The
other females taken on July first died without yielding ova.

The female taken just after coitus began to oviposit about ten o’clock

on the morning of July 5th, and had extruded all of her eggs by four
o’clock in the afternoon. ‘The ova were placed as follows :

Upper Under
. surface, _ surface. Calyx.
Se No? ‘r,:ferminial leafee-2.—: + I 1 I
lower -leavesy ee 5 32
Beart eer tee es ra Goat yaa eer tele ee 5 ee AO
Upper Under
surface. surface.
Po; 2. lower leaves! 230-2 14 3 39

VOtal es, oe .!s eee ist t Dincgaste Mae alt Mba teas Behe

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nine leaves had received 2 eggs, six leaves held 3 each, and one
held 4. This placing of a second, third or fourth egg on the same leaf is
to be regarded as accidental, as is probably the position selected on the
flower. None of the eggs were placed more than three inches from the
end of the stem, and none were laid on the stem itself.

On the 14th the junior author was at Lakehurst, N. J., and was
fortunate enough to again observe a 2 epixanthe ovipositing in nature
on the large cranberry. The act was performed in a manner similar to
that already described. Other females taken on the same date, when
confined in glass jars laid a few eggs, placing them in the ordinary position
on the under side of leaves within a short distance from the end of the
shoot.

We expected the eggs to hatch any day, but when July and August
passed without any sign from the hundred-odd examples, it became
evident that the insects would winter in this stage.

It is not an easy matter to carry living eggs through the period of
hibernation under the most favourable circumstances, and despite such
precautions as have been taken, our total ignorance of the conditions
necessary to ensure the well-being of the tiny larvae still within the shell,
may be responsible for the loss of the entire lot. We were, therefore, glad to
avail ourselves of the assistance of Mr. C. A. Frost. There is a bog about
a mile from his home, at South Framingham, Mass., in which he sought
for eggs on the cranberry vines, as we had found them, and met with
exceptional success. On October 5th we received twelve eggs collected
by him in two and a half hours. One of these was on a piece of dried
fern, but all others were in the usual position on the leaves. At our
suggestion Mr. Frost located more eggs, marking the plants so that it
would be possible to find them again in the spring. Under date of Oct.
27th, 1907, he wrote :

“T have to-day located ten eggs on the bog, and marked them as you
explained to me. ‘They were all on leaves one inch or less from the top
of the stems. One was located where there was a growth of Sphagnum
moss, but it was as high as the rest All the eggs so far have been near
or on the edge of the bog; I have not looked very much toward the
centre.”

Should the eggs now hibernating under artificial conditions fail to
hatch, we rely on those “ marked for future reference ” to give their larvee
normally ; and with Mr. Frost’s able assistance we may be so fortunate as
to work out the rest of the life-history of this interesting species before
another egg-laying season arrives.

THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89

A NEW GALL ON ASTER.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO.

Early in October, 1907, I collected a quantity of Aster crassulus,
Rydberg, in Boulder, for the use of the biology class of the preparatory
school. A student, Milton Bergheim, observed that it carried galls, which
I had inexcusably overlooked. Once noticed, it was easy to find more ;
in fact, the plants swarmed with them. On opening them the flies were
found to be in the pupa stage, and so were easily bred out a few days
later. The species is undescribed.

Cecidomyia crassulina, n. sp.

g .—Length, 124 mm.; of wing, 124 mm.; middle legs a little over
3 mm.; head small, transverse diameter about 357 , eyes meeting on
vertex. Reddish-brown, the abdomen paler and grayer, the sides of the
thorax orange; legs and antennz pale gray-brown; halteres orange.
Antenne moniliform, with 19 (2+17) joints, these with whorls of hairs
about 204 » long. - Wings very hairy ; hairs on lower margin about 170
long; first vein (Ry) about 1360 p long; second (R,_3) reaching tip of wing ;
third (cubitus) distinct only as far as the fork, which is almost exactly
half way between base and apex of wing. Claws strongly curved, simple.
Claspers with apical joint finger-like, strongly curved, obtuse, thickened
atend. -

Measurements of legs in p-:

Anterior legs: femur, 1088 ; tibia, 1207.

Middle legs: femur, 1088; tibia, 1071; tarsal joints, (1) 85; (2)
867 ; (3) 3743 (4) 204; (5) 102.

The antenne are much like those of Dasyneura pseudacacie, except
as to the number of joints, but the venation is quite different, the second
longitudinal being curved and ending much lower down. The terminal
joint of the claspers is something like that of C. sadicis-batatas (CKkll.,
Entomologist, 1890, p. 278), but much more curved and thickened at

end. It is more like that of Dzf/osts violicola, Coq. The flies emerged
October tr.

The galls are sessile on the branches, often two placed side by side.
They are short-oval, about 7 mm. long, densely covered with white hair,
looking something like small green peaches.

March, 1go0S

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

FOSSIL, CHRYSOPID 25.
BY:T.. D, .A,, COCKERBLL,, BOULDER, GOLO;

Only six species of Chrysopidee (Lace-wing Flies) are known in the
fossil state. Two of these, from Europe, have only been vaguely reported
as Chrysopa sp.; the other four, named by Scudder, are all from the
Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado. It is even probable that the
Florissant species represent all that ‘is known of extinct Chrysopide ;
because the two European forms, according to Scudder and Hagen, are of
an extremely dubious character, and very likely not Chrysopide at all.

Scudder refers the Florissant species to two extinct genera, and it is
very interesting to find that both of these belong to the Mothochrysa
section, with the third cubital cell divided longitudinally into two sub-
equal parts. The genus JVothochrysa, McLachlan, is to-day represented
in this country by a single species, VY. Cadlifornica, Banks, found in
California. Of the same section, but with the colours of CArysopa, is the
genus A//ochrysa, Banks, with two or three species of the States bordering
the Atlantic. These forms seem to give way to-day to the dominant
Chrysopa ; but in Miocene times they evidently prospered, and it is likely
that Chrysopa had either not been evolved, or had not reached this
country. A specimen found by my wife at Station 14, Florissant, is refer-
able to Zribochrysa vetuscula, Scudder, and shows the apical half of the
wings, which-was missing in Scudder’s type. It is evident from the more
complete material that this species cannot go in Zribochrysa (the type of
which is Z: zzegual/is, Scudd.), but allowing for the inaccuracy of Scudder’s
figure of Paleochrysa, as explained in the text (Tertiary Ins. N. Am., p.
167), I think it may fairly be referred to the latter genus, not without a
shadow of a suspicion that it is even conspecific with P. stricta, Scudd.

The following details supplement Scudder’s description :

-aleochrysa vetuscula (Scudder).

Anterior wing, 1344 mm. long ; veins dark, as in /Vothochrysa ,; the
subcosta does not terminate on the margin, as Scudder describes for
Paleochrysa, but runs through the stigma, as in AZantispa,; 14 costal
cells, not counting a series of minute ones at the apical end; ro cells
between media and radial sector, counting the two long basal ones; 20
cells between radial sector and radius (in Scudder’s figure of vetuscula the
first cross-nervure is omitted) ; r1 cells between media and cubitus, after
the dovble cell ; six branched nervures from cubitus to lower margin, all
in apical part of wing. The media has a direct course, without the bend
of Zribochrysa.

March, 1908

ee a ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91

In the table given by Mr. N. Banks (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1903, p.
142), the genus comes in as follows :

iPr eEI TL CI EIE O. Res P ee Cie so, aha oe athe Cre cee CAE:

Venation mainly green; veinlets on outer and posterior margins of
wings forked ; third cubital cell (double cubital of Scudder) with
normally two branches to hind margin.........AWochrysa, Banks.

t. Veinlets on outer and posterior margins of wings mostly simple ; third
cubital cell with only one branch to hind

IME MON oe e = Beh cs ME a ar “a! > re He oan.n, ss LVL OCALY SD; NEC Lidene

Veinlets on outer and posterior margins of wings largely forked ; third
cubital cell with two veins running to hind

SURE OM NG nc cesta sas aioe ache weet ones) wie Sine epee LOGE DSO. CICUSIGER:

NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
BY W. KNAUS, MC PHERSON, KANSAS.

Cotalpa subcribrata, Wick., was fairly common the last two weeks in
May and the first half of June, 1907. On willows in the sand hills near
Medora, Kansas, in Reno County. During the day they were found
clinging to twigs and foliage of scrub willows. I have seen this species,
or subspecies, from Central Kansas west, from western Nebraska, and
from Colorado, near Fort Collins.

Anthaxta virtdicornis, Say, I took for the first time in twenty-five
years’ collecting in Kansas last June on willows near Medora. Three
specimens only were taken.

A new Charistena near aritadne, Newm., but markedly distinct from
that species in the shape of the thorax and other characters, was beaten
from willows near Medora the first week in June, 1907. Three speci-
mens were taken. I had never seen the species before, although the
same ground had been collected over by me for the past twenty years.

Glaresis inducta, Horn, was taken at light one evening in July, 1907,
in McPherson ; but one specimen was secured differing slightly from
typical specimens of the species. This record extends the range of the
species much to the northward, the previous northern record having been
near Fedor, Texas.

Specimens of Cicindela marginata, Fab., and togata, Laf., were
received during the past season from Mr. H. P. Loding, taken near

Mobile, Alabama ; this is a new locality for this species.
March, 1908

99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

— = ee = = ————

A fine male specimen of Xylophilus (Emmelinus) Ashmeadi, Csy.,
taken near Mobile, was also sent to me by Mr. Loding. The species was
described from Florida.

Nathicus virgine, Csy., is a pretty Anthicid recently sent me by
Mr. Loding, from near Mobile. The type was described from Fortress
Monroe, Va.

While collecting in the Sacramento Mountains, near Cloudcroft, N.
M., last June, I secured a number of sp2cimens of an undescribed species
of Pselaphidee belonging to the genus Aup/ectus. They were found on
the inner surface of pine bark stripped from stumps. The specimens
are of the same colour as the inner bark, and are difficult to detect when
collecting. I also secured a single specimen of an Actium, also unde-
scribed. It was found in a Scolytid burrow under pine bark.

A flowering shrub with long catkins of pink and white flowers near
Cloudcroft attracted hundreds of specimens of an Aleocharinid last June.
The species is near Platandria mormonica, Csy., but Maj. Casey
pronounces it a new species differing chiefly in sexual characters.
Hundreds of specimens could be taken by inserting the catkins carefully
in the cyanide bottle, when a slight shake would send the beetles to the
bottom of the jar.

On three collecting trips to the Sacramento Mountains of N. M.,
near Cloudcroft, previous to my trip of last June to the same region, I
had taken one or two specimens of that curious little Pselaphid recently
described by Mr. Charles Scheeffer, of the Brooklyn Museum, as Pustiger
Knausti. The past season, however, I was more fortunate, and secured
a fine series of this rare species. They occurred in the nests of a rather
small, dark-coloured ant, of the genus Laszus, probably americanus,
although one or two were found in the nest of a similar coloured but
smaller ant. ‘These nests were on the summit, at an elevation of nine
thousand feet, and were found under stones. Only a small per cent. of
the ant colonies were inhabited by /wstiger. Occasionally one, more
often two, three or four, were found. My best catch was eighteen
specimens with one colony of Zas‘us. The light reddish colour and slow
movements of Fustzger allow them to be seen and taken easily. When
disturbed the colony of ants pays no attention to the beetles, but at once
begins to carry away the larve and pupe. Only in one instance was an
ant seen to seize a /ustiger. On being captured it refused to release its
victim, was transferred to the cyanide bottle, and after death it was

necessary to sever the thorax of the Vustiger to release it from the
mandibles of the ant,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93

A SS

NOTE ON GABRIOLA DYARI, TAYLOR.
BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.

This species was described by me' from a male specimen only, and
no females have yet been discovered.

Dr. Dyar, after examining the Hulst collection, expressed the opinion’®
that the single type of Vacophora minima, Hulst, in that collection was
conspecific with the male Dyavr/, and that therefore my species would fall.

Lately® Mr. Grossbeck has expressed the same opinion.

A short time ago, however, I had the pleasure of seeing the type
specimen of JV. minima myself, and noted some differences ; and subse-
quently on going through the fine collection in the U. S. National Museum,
I was pleased to find two male specimens which agreed exactly with my
note of minzma, and showed clearly the validity of G. Dyarz.

This species will therefore stand, and Hulst’s species, which is not a
Nacophora (as it lacks the tongue that should be present in that genus),
must be known as Gadriola minima.

The two males just mentioned are labelled respectively ‘‘ Arangie,
Idaho,” and “ Glenwood Springs, Colo., Aug. 1-7,” agreeing in locality
with G. minima.

G. minima may be distinguished from G. Dyarz by the very straight
intradiscal line, that line in Dyarvz being well rounded out. The
prevailing tint in Dyari is a warm brown, while in mzzéma it is dull gray,
and the white blotch at the anal angle of the fore wing, so conspicuous in
Dyari, is absent.

A REPLY TO: DR:. DYAR.
BY EVELYN GROESBEECK MITCHELL, WASHINGTON, D. C.

I have been deeply gratified at the many favourable reviews and com-
ments which my work, “ Mosquito Life,” has received. In Dr. Dyar’s
review, he not only seems unable to say anything against it, but, on the
other hand, to so admire it, that he has become possessed of the strange
idea that he is actually the author of some portion of it, since he says that
he has to turn to the title page to ascertain whether or not it is his own.
This, as well as other deplorable notions, he has seen fit to set forth in
print. I shall endeavour to dissipate these vagaries in the order in which
he has expressed them :

1. CAN. ENT., XXXVI, 255.

2) Peoc. Ent. Soc.;Wash., Vi, 226,

3. ‘Ent. News,: XVIII,. 151.
March, 1908

94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1. I have had no help whatever from Dr. Dyar in the preparation of
my book, or in that of my thesis, except in the one instance regarding the
latter, acknowledged below.

2. As for Mr. Coquillett, if Dr. Dyar intends to say that that gentle-
man wrote or dictated any portion of my book, Dr. Dyar is stating what
he knows to be an absolute untruth. The book was written at my home
in New Jersey, and Mr. Coquillett never saw it until I had everything
settled with the publishers. If I have not given sufficient credit to any
one, itis to Dr. H. A. Morgan, who, when I asked him exactly what part
he had taken in the work at Baton Rouge before I came, answered, with
his characteristic modesty, that he would prefer to remain unmentioned
rather than risk detracting in any way from the credit due Dr: Dupree. In
fact, one of the readers of the manuscript remarked that I gave more credit
than necessary.

3. If my book ‘reads like a second edition of Dr. Howard’s,” the lat-
ter would have to be entirely rewritten and largely extended. At present,’
beyond treating of the same general subject, I fail to see any comparison
in plan, style or text. In fact, I purposely passed lightly over some sub-
jects, such as the experiments in Cuba, because they were fully enough
treated in Dr. Howard’s book. and said so (Mosquito Life, p. 105). I
have certainly credited him wherever I quote him and have referred to his
book as ‘‘admirable.” I found no necessity for quoting any biological notes
from Dr. Dyar, though I have quoted Mr. Knab. | do not agree with Dr.
Dyar’s systematic work, and devised my keys after my own plan. I adhere
to Mr. Coquiilett’s classification because I preferred to adopt one that is
sane, scientific and likely to remain permanent

4. I treated of the biology of all United States species so far as known
up to the time of my receiving galley proof.

Other species whose habits were unknown, I mennoHed by name and
distribution. ‘The western species are mostly itis treated ; naturally, this
was unavoidable. Species founded on larve only, I purposely omitted.

5. There ave no descriptions of larvz in the text. There are a few
general references to superficial appearances, from which alone it would be
absolutely impossible to identify the larva with certainty. These references
may correspond to Dr, Dyar’s idea of a proper description, although they
are, as should be plain to the reader, not so intended. Possibly he refers
to the keys. I submit here my ‘“ description” of Aészens, the common
house mosquito, as an example, for comparison with that which he gives of
the same species in his article on Culicid larve as independent organisms

(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Dec., 1906, p. 206). To ensure entire comparison,
I begin with his peneric key. I do not need to quote from mine, as my
larva-table runs to specific and generic names combined ;

THE CANADIAN

Dr, Dyar.—GENERIC KEY,

Couplet 1. Mouth brush vibratile,

a.

U1

“J

T4.

a 8

diffusely folded inward.

Air tube long [how long is a
piece of string? |, the hairs in scat-
tered tufts or absent, the antenne
usually with the tuft beyond the
riddle away from a notch.

. Anal segment without hairs be-

fore the barred area.

. Lateral comb of the eighth seg-

ment of many scales in a trian-
gular patch.

SPECIFIC KEY.

. Antenne with the tufts out-

wardly placed, the part beyond
slender.

. Air tubes four times as long as

wide or over.

. Anal appendages 4, normal.

. Air tube with 4 paired tufts

posteriorly outwardly, some-
increased by additional
ones basally, the subapical ‘one
moved laterad, out of line,
usually situated at the outer
third of the tube.

times

Air tube less than five times as
long as wide, the sides curved,
tapering rather rapidly after the
middle, subfusiform.

Air tube 5x1 [N.B. The tube
seems to grow between 14 and
17!], pecten teeth about r5, sub-

dorsal hairs of abdominal seg-

ments 3 and 4 double.

ENTOMOLOGIST,

9.

10.

Ef.

E7;
18.

19.

20.

22.

My Larva Key.

. Tube well developed, tube-like.

Long thoracic tufts present.

Chitin of head not produced
laterally, posterior portion of
mandible never produced or vtst-
ble from above.

Anal gills never three times as
long as tube, never with more
than four distinct constrictions.

Mouth brushes of slender hairs,
directed forward. Antenne sit-
uated far forward.

Tube with more than two tufts.
Antennal tuft in notch and hav-
ing L0—30 hairs, usually over 15.
Pecten extending less than half
way up tube, not more than two
teeth separated.

Body and head with no notice-
able pilosity.

Scales of comb in more than
two rows. ‘Tufts of tube not
plumose.

Antennal tuft beyond middle,
tube with tufts.

Group of hairs nearest meson
in thoracic row, one of three
long single hairs. ‘Yufts of tube
mostly of two to four hairs.

. Tufts on tube 4, the penulti-

mate one more laterad, tube
tapering decidedly on the last
half. Zerminal spines of antenne
not very long, not over one-half
length of antenne. Head tufts
not projecting much, if at ald,
beyond forward margin of head.
Tips of antenne and spines of
but slightly heavier chitin than
base of antenne.

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The other “descriptions” will be found to vary quite as widely from
Dr. Dyar’s. Length, as compared to width of tube, appears to be one of
his favourite characters, and is absolutely undependable in skins, espe-
cially when such a close distinction as that between 5.x 1 and 4 x 1 must be
drawn. Against this I protest in my: book, as also against a too extensive
use of another of his favourite characters, the number of comb scales (pp.
16 and 17). ‘The italicised characters in my “description” he mever uses.
I have made large use of the number of hairs in certain tufts on the head,
while he rarély notices the tufts at all.

6. Mr. Knab (who is certainly a fine artist) must have conveyed his
criticisms to me by telepathy, with the additional obstacle of our being
unaware of each other’s existence. All my drawings, save O. dimaculatus,
plate III, the mouth-parts of some of the Uranotenias and the egg of LZ.
sguamiger were made in Louisiana long before I came to Washington.
The exceptions mentioned were made in Washington from specimens sent
by Dr. Dupree for that purpose, save the dcmaculatus, which I made in
pencil for a nature-study article from a specimen given me by Dr. Dupree,
who also gave me permission to publish as I pleased. I made a some-
what similar wash-drawing of this species for the Monograph. At no
time has Mr. Knab supervised or corrected my drawings.

7. I fail to see how I could have “absorbed a large amount of
information” from. the Museum (not Carnegie) collection of larvz, on
which I was at first set to work.

I have worked on very few of the species belonging to the actual
Carnegie collection. Be it observed, that my work, outside the keys, is
wholly biological as contrasted with Dr. Dyar’s “systematic” work, and
could not possibly be derived from dead specimens. At no time have I
had access to any of Dr. Dyar’s or Mr. Knab’s notes, and I have never -
even seen any except as they appeared in print.

8. As to the keys themselves. When I began drawing I had, as
stated in my Introduction, keys covering the Louisiana forms. I was
encouraged to extend these, and no objection was made to my using them
as a thesis, which i plainly said I expected to publish. When I wished
to do so, however, opposition was made on the ground that “everything in
the larva key outside the Louisiana species was Carnegie.” Now, some
had been collected in the District of Columbia and in New Jersey by
myself, some sent to me, and for the rest I had been careful to use only
what I was informed was the Museum study collection, to which, as a
George Washington University student, I had right of access, except in

co
—~T

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the case of D. cancer and O. Mitchelle, which Dr. Dyar most magnani-
mously and generously loaned me for the purpose. I made acknowledg-
ment to the Museum in my thesis.

Five United States species out of 26 northern species (which include
my own material as mentioned above), proved to be Carnegie, and two
were doubtful. Some West India species proved to be thus classed, and I
have omitted all West India or other extralimital forms entirely. I was
informed that ‘if I reworked my keys from other specimens there would
be no objection,” but that “ I might find some difficulty in so doing.” I
therefore went to the New Jersey and New York State collections, entirely
reworked and radically changed my keys, and had the advantage of better
series of specimens, also several species not found at all in the National
Museum collection, as well as those which were in the latter collections.

‘Please note, Dr. Dyar’s keys, including all the Museum and the Carnegie
species said to be in my keys, were published long before I began to
rework my keys; that I publish no new species at all, and ‘“ describe ” no
larvee not already published by Dr. Dyar or some one else. My only crime
seems to be that I have founded keys mainly on characters of which he
makes little or no use, and presume to differ from his ideas and evolve a
few of my own. This is the first time I am aware that I was supposed to
have any connection with the Monograph beyond drawing for it. Although
Dr. Dyar did occasionally request me to differentiate species when he
could not, I never made agreement to do such work. One would naturally
suppose that such work would be done by the “expert” himself, inasmuch
as he assumes the credit for it.

g. As for “redrawing figures ‘after office hours,” I have already stated
where and when my figures were drawn. Further, Dr. Dupree neither sold
nor gave the drawings made for him to the Carnegie Institute, but merely
fent them, with the understanding that I should copy them for the Mono-
graph and be paid for my time. He reserved the right of first publication.
He never took a cent from the Institute, because he wished to publish in-
dependently. I have not copyrighted any drawings made for the Mono-
graph, only the originals made for Dr. Dupree from his specimens. The
fact that drawings are copyrighted of which copies were made for the
Monograph does not hinder Dr., Dyar from the publication of these copies.
To be sure that it would not, I have plainly indicated in my Introduction
that I expected them to be published in the Monograph (p. XIX.). I have
no doubt that Dr. Dyar would have liked to prevent the publication of my
book, but evidently could not. He certainly knew that I was at work on
one, since I am told that the Duprees were requested, shortly after the

98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Doctor’s death, to turn over his notes for the Monograph and refused on
the ground that the material was already promised to me. Mrs. Dupree
wrote to me: “In regard to getting out the book, I don’t think anybody
could do it as well as yourself.” Since Col. Boyd, President of the
Louisiana State University, and Prof. H. A. Morgan advised her to send
the notes to me, I think there can be no question as to how I “ acquired ”
them. .

I feel rather flattered at the comparison to Psorophora, since this
insect is large, beautiful, not a frequent nuisance, but an exterminator of
common and pestiferous ‘‘A%dids.” However, I must admit that when it
bites, it bites hard.

I deeply regret the departure from facts upon Dr. Dyar’s part, which
has necessitated this reply. Since personalities are not science and have
no place in scientific publications, I have, although sometimes under great
provocation, hitherto passed over ail personal attacks. This time I do
not see how I can honourably remain silent.

NOTES” ON’ THE LEPIDOPTERA (OF -KASLO) Bo CG, 2a
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES.

BY GEO. W., TAYLOR, WELLINGTON, B. C.

(Continued from page 60.)

7. Sclagraphia purcellata, n. sp.—tIt is a dangerous proceeding, I
am afraid, in the present stage of our knowledge, to describe a new species
of Sciagraphia, but as I cannot find any published description to fit the
present form, and as it comes from a locality possessing many peculiar
species, I have, after comparing it with long series of its nearest allies,
ventured to give to it a distinct name.

Mr. Cockle has shown me three specimens, which I have labelled as
types. ‘They were all taken by him in the neighbourhood of Kaslo, and
are dated 7th July, ’07 ; 3rd August, ’o2, and 15th August, ‘or. The first
and last named, which are both females, are in my own cabinet, the other
one remains with Mr. Cockle.

Mr. Cockle tells me that a similar specimen taken much earlier in the
year was named for him at different timés as S. nubiculata, S. puncto-
linearia and S. subacuta (see Lep. Koot., p. 906), but I am of opinion
that all these determinations are erroneous, and that these names should
all be removed from our list. S. purcel/ata may be described as follows :

Expanse, 25 mm.
March, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99

The ground colour of the wings and abdomen is like that of S.
granitata, and I think that I should probably have passed over purce//ata
as a small race of granitata but for the fact that the last named is a very
common insect at Kaslo, normally very large and dark, and not appearing
to intergrade in any way with the species under discussion.

The head and collar in purcel/ata are tinged with ochreous, the
abdomen is grayish, with faint brown twin spots dorsally, and by this last
character purce/lata can be distinguished readily from the species of the
heliothidata or californiata groups, all of which have the abdomen
unspotted.

The fore wing is crossed by the usual three lines, but they are firmer
and less wavy than is usually the case in granitata; this is especially
noticeable in the extra-discal line.

Beyond the extra-discal line is a broad and distinct dark shade, which
includes and obscures the dark blotch between veins 3 and 5.

The dark shade is followed outwardly by a rather distinct white line.
The marginal line of blackish spots, generally so well marked in grandzata,
is hardly visible.

The hind wing is heavily speckled with darker gray, and an irregular
line is traceable as in granitata.

The discal spots on the fore wings are obsolete, and on the hind
‘wings are very small and faint.

Beneath, all the wings are speckled and mottled with ochreous, and
on the fore wing there is a median line and an extra-discal band of the
same colour, each bordered outwardly by a broken white line.

On the hind wings there are also two lines, median and submarginal,
quite distinct. The discal dots on all the wings are minute.

It will be seen that purce/lata is most nearly allied to granitata, but
I think that the small size, the plainer and more regular markings, and the
other slight differences noted above, will serve to distinguish it.

In order to make this paper more complete as a supplement to the
Geometrid portion of Dr. Dyar’s excellent ‘‘ Lepidoptera of the Kootenai
District of British Columbia ” (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VII, 779-938,
1904), | append a list of the corrections and alterations, which, after the
study of more abundant material than Dr. Dyar possessed, I think should
be made in the nomenclature of the species noticed in that paper.

It must not be thought that all these are cases of misidentification on
the part of Dr. Dyar, for in many instances they are simply restorations
of older names brought to light since the publication of his paper.

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tephroclystis laguearia, H. Sch., should be Hupithecia albicapitata,
Packard.

T. absinthiata, Clerck, should be Z. coagulata, Gueneeé.

T. satyrata, Hubner, should be £. perxfusca, Hulst.

T. laricata, Freyer, should be Z. perbrunneata, Taylor.

T. multistrigata, Hulst, should be &. Dyarata, Taylor.

Eucymatoge grandis, Hulst, should be Lucymatoge Grefti, Hulst.

E. linartata, Fab., should be 2, fenuata, Hulst.

Venusta 12-lineata, Pack, should be Eucheca Pearsalli, Dyar.

Eustroma populata, Linn., should be Lustroma propulsata, Walker.

Mesoleuca cesiata, D. and Schif., should be Hutephria multivagata,

Hulst.

M. albolineata, Packard, equals AZ. sz/aceata, Hubner.

Hydriomena teniata, Stephens, should be /y. basaliata, Walker.

Triphosa progressata, Walker, should be 7: Aesitata, Gueneé.

Cosymbia lumenaria, Hubner, should be C. pendulinaria, Gueneé.

Lots rotundopennata, Pack., should be £. Hanhamz, Hulst.

Synchlora rubrifrontaria, Pack., should be S. “guoraria, Gueneé.

Aplodes rubrifrontaria, Pack., equals A. Darwiniata, Dyar, a good

species, var. Darwintata.

Deilinia erythemaria, Gueneé, should be D. facificarta, Pack., a

good species, var. pacificaria, Pack.

Deilinia quadraria, Grote, should be /xala desperaria, Hulst.

D. rectifascia, Hulst, equals D. feminaria, Gueneé.

D. litaria (Dyar, not Hulst), equals D. falcatarta, Pack.

D. variolaria, Gueneé, should be Diastictis Hulstiarta, Taylor.

Sympherta tripunctaria, Pack., equals S. Zorguinaria, Gueneé.

Nepytia umbrosaria, Pack., should be Enypia Packardata, Taylor.

Selidosema humarium, Gueneé, equals Cleora emasculatum, Dyar, a

good species, var. emascudatum, Dyar.

Melanolophia canadaria, Guenec, equals AZe/. /imitata, Walker, var.

subgenericata, Dyar.

Metrocampa pregrandaria, Guenec, should be J/. perlata, Guenee.

Metanema textrinaria, Grote and Rob., equals JZ. guercivoraria,

Gueneé.

In the foregoing list, whenever the two words are connected by the
word eguwa/s, it signifies that the first name is a synonym of the second.
When the expression ‘‘ should be” is used, it means that the first name
does not apply to the Kaslo species, but to a different insect,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101

THE MATING OF BOREUS CALIFORNICUS.
BY J. W. COCKLE, KASLO, B. C.

The habits of these insects, which are found travelling over snow in
winter, present many curious features, amongst them being the fact that
cold seems to have little effect on them. I have collected them on the
snow when the temperature showed several degrees of frost, but even at
this low temperature they would be capable of motion. They are usually
very lively when the temperature is just above freezing point, and when
the snow is deep in the woods and a slight thaw is commencing is the
most favourable time at which to go out collecting. This afternoon,
Jan.:26th, whilst travelling along a road through the timber, I picked up
several specimens, and transferred them to a box in the hope of shipping
them to Dr. Fletcher, who was desirous of seeing specimens of them alive,
Having secured several, on the way back home I noticed a specimen
which appeared to have something on its back, which, on “closer observa-
tion, proved to be a pair in copulation ; the day was cloudy, and the
temperature had held at just the freezing point all day, but at this time
a change was coming over the snow and a slight thaw was setting in. It
is probable that the temperature at the time I noticed them was below
33 degrees. As I have collected large numbers of these insects, and this
was the first occasion that I had seen a pair together, I took occasion to
examine them closely. I had with me only a small pocket-lens with a
three-quarter-inch focus, and in order to observe them through this I was
compelled to lie down on the snow. Such a position, tt can readily be
understood, was not particularly favourable for an extended study. The
female was riding on the back of the male, her front legs folded up in the
position of kneeling, the second pair resting on the back of the male,
whilst the much elongated third pair hung down below the abdomen of
the male ; the ovipositor was released from the sheath, which remained in
its normal position, whilst the ovipositor itself was thrust down perpen-
dicularly into the organs of the male. Tne male presented a very
extraordinary feature, the embryonic wings, which are curved at the tips,
were extended and hooked over the tibiz of the kneeling female, thus
holding her in an upright position on the back when he moved about.

The fact of the wings being used as an aid in holding the female
during copulation, may be possible with other insects, but this is the first
instance which has come under my observation where they have been put
to such a use.

My recumbent position in the snow being very unpleasant, I picked
up the pair with my forceps, and transferred them to a box, but as they
immediately separated, further observations were suspended,

March, 1908

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON NOCTUIDE.

Collected by Mrs. M. D. Nicholl, in Alberta, British Columbia, and the Wash-
ington Forest Reserve, in the years 1904-5-7.

BY SIR G. F. HAMPSON, BT., B.A., ETC., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENG.

The numbers given are those in Dyar’s Catalogue of N. American
Lepidoptera, and only the more local and interesting species are referred
to. The specimens are in the British Museum.

AGROTINA.
2407. Heliothis vaccinia, H. Edw.

B. C., 1905, Upper Skagit, 1 2. U.S.A... 1905, Robinson sata
Washington Forest Reserve, 1905; Washington Pass, 1 ¢, 1 9;
Horseshoe Pass, 1 ?.

2405. Heliothis honesta, Grote.

B:-C., 1905, Upper -Keremeos, 1d; Pasayten, 173
1767. Agrotiphila maculata, Smith.

Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s, 2 ?’s; 1905, Laggan, 1 ¢.
BC, 1004, Lake-O’Hara, 1° &.,

1764. Orosagrotis incognita, Smith.

Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 1 ~.
1560. Porosagrotis orthogonia, Morr.

Alberta, 1907, Prairie, 1 6.

1734. EHuxoa colata, Grote.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Peak, 1 ¢.
1732. Huxoa nordica, Smith.

Alberta, 1907, Kootenay Plains, 1 9.
1431. Lpisilta littoralts, Pack.

Alberta, 1907, Kootenay Plains, 4 ?’s.
1417. Aplectoides speciosa, Hubn., var. arctica, Zett.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 1 6.

Protagrotis Nicholle, 1. sp.—Head, thorax and abdomen brown,
mixed with gray-white ; tarsi with slight pale rings. Fore wing fuscous-
brown, mixed with gray-white ; sub-basal line represented by slight dark
marks below costa and cell; antemedial line dark, defined by white on
inner side, erect, angled outwards in submedian fold and above inner

margin and inwards on vein 1 ; claviform slightly defined by blackish at
March, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

extremity ; orbicular represented by some white scales ; reniform defined
by white on outer edge, otherwise undefined ; a very indistinct sinuous
dark medial line ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, slightly defined by
whitish on outer side, bent outwards below costa, then dentate, incurved
below vein 4, some white points beyond it on costa ; subterminal line
whitish, slightly defined by fuscous on inner side, waved, excurved below
vein 7, angled inwards in discal fold, and incurved below vein 3 ; a slight
dark terminal line ; cilia fuscous, intersected with whitish. Hind wing
grayish, nearly uniformly suffused with fuscous-brown; a slight dark
discoidal lunule ; cilia white, with a slight brown line through them ; the
under side whitish, irrorated with fuscous-brown, a slight discoidal lunule,
indistinct sinuous postmedial line and diffused subterminal line.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass; 3 92's ; Brobokton Creek, 1 9.. B.C,
1904, Simpson R., 1 ¢ type; Glacier, 1 9. Expanse, 44mm. _ In the
collection of Prof. J. B. Smith is a specimen from Washington, Mt. Ranier,
which, he informs me, is much brighter in colour.

HADENIN.
1930. Anarta impigens, Wk.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢’s; Brobokton Creek, 2 ¢’s. B.

C., 1904, Simpson R., 1 ¢.
Anarta Staudingert, Auriv.

Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 4 9?’s.
1935. Anarta Richardsoni, Cutt.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 1 ¢, 2 9’s; Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s.
1931. Anarta melanopa, Thubg.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 9’s; Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s,6 9’s;
Brobokton Creek, 3 ?’s. B. C., 1904, Okanagan, 2 ¢’s, 1 2; 1905,
Ashnola, 1 ?. U.S. A., 1905, Washington Forest Reserve, Upper
ekacit, 3 3's, 1 2.

1915. Lasziestra phoca,.Moschl.

Alberta, 1904, Lake Louise, 1 ¢, 1 9; 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3
oe; sicep Mt, weeepropokton) Creek, 1° ¢)) WSs, Be Cy reds;
Kicking Horse Pass, Yoho Peak, 1 9; Mt. Assiniboine, 2 ?’s; Lake
©’ Hara, 1 ¢.

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1910. Lasiestra untformis, Smith.

B. C., 1904, Mt. Assiniboine, 1 ¢.

Lasionycta Rainieri, Smith.

B. C., 1904, Kicking Horse Pass, Yoho Valley, 1 ¢.
1998. Miselia ingravis, Smith.

Alberta, Wilcox Pass, 1 ?. B.C., 1907, Vancouver I., Cowichan
bake, 1s

Miselia carbonifera, n. sp.—@. Head, thorax and abdomen
fuscous-black, mixed with some gray ; frons with black bar above ; tarsi
slightly ringed with white. Fore wing fuscous-black, irrorated with gray ;
sub-basal line represented by diffused black strie from costa and cell ;
antemedial line slight, black, somewhat sinuous and oblique ; claviform
small, defined by black ; orbicular slightly defined by black and irrorated
with whitish, irregularly rounded ; reniform indistinctly defined by black,
its annulus represented by a white line on outer side, curved inwards at
lower angle of cell ; postmedial line very indistinct, black, defined on outer
side by some white scales towards costa, bent outwards below costa, then
dentate, excurved to vein 4, then incurved, some white points beyond it
on costa; subterminal line represented by some white scales defined on
inner side by black lunules, slightly excurved below vein 7 and angled
outwards at veins 4 and 3; a terminal series of slight black lunules ; cilia
intersected by whitish at the veins. Hing wing fuscous-black, mixed with
gray ; a fine black terminal line ; cilia whitish, mixed with black ; the
under side with faint blackish discoidal spot and indistinct diffused curved
postmedial line.

Alberta, 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 @ type. Expanse, 50 mm.

There is a worn female of a closely-allied unnamed species in the
British Museum from N. Siberia, Yerkhoiansk, it appears to be most
nearly related to A7. mystica, Smith.

CUCULLIAN&.
Eumichtis maida, Dyar.
Bo, rood, Glacier, 1 9;
Sympistis Zetterstedt, Staud.
AJberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 ¢. B.C., 1904, Kicking Horse
Pass, Yoho Valley, 1 ¢.
The specimen recorded as S. /apponica in Cat. Lep. Phal., VI, p. 416,
belongs to this form. |

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105

Var. /abradoris, Staud.

Alberta, 1904, Lake Louise, 1 ¢,1 93 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 3,
ro sWilcor Peak, ta. . B. EC. 1904, Lakert@tlara, fe Ec? > ME
Assiniboine, 1 ¢.

Sympistis coclei, Dyar.
Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek, 1 @.
Closely allied to S. funesta, Payk., and not a Homohadena.
ACRONYCTIN~.
2260. Calamia tranquila, Grote, var. viridula.

U. S. A., Washington Forest Reserve, 1905, Early Winter Creek, 1°.
2423. Hutrichopis nexilis, Morr.

BoG,, 1094, cLake: O' Hara} 5, |; 19075. sheep Mt, 1 9. U.S Ae
Washington Forest Reserve ; 1905, Washington Pass, 1 9.

CATOCALINE.
2761. Drasteria annexa, H. Edw.
Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 9.
2755. Drasterta crassiuscuda, Haw.

B. C., 1904, Greenwood, 1 ¢,1 9; L. Okanagan, Penticton, 2 ?’s,

£OD5. tg 7 shnola,.2 3's; 2° 9's; Up. Keremeos, >:
PLUSIAN.
2492. FPlusia Calzfornica, Speyer.

Alberta;. 19072 bear Creek, 19s B.C.) 1905, Ashnola, 3) Ors:
2526. Plusia speciosa, Ottoleng.

B. C., 1905, Pass D. Hope, 2 ¢’s. Identified by Dr. Ottolengui.
2502. Llusta octoscripta, Grote.

B. C., 1905, Pass D. Hope, 1 9. U.S. A., Washington Forest
Reserve, Early Winter Creek, 2 ?’s.

2512. Plusia angulidens, Smith.

U. S. A., Washington Forest Reserve, 1905, State Creek, 1 ¢.

Plusia orophila, n. sp.—Head and thorax blue-gray, mixed with
some brown and black ; palpi mostly black ; tegule with diffused black
medial line ; tarsi black, ringed with white ; abdomen gray, tinged with
reddish-brown. Fore wing blue-gray, slightly irrorated with black, the
terminal area tinged with reddish-brown ; sub-basal line black, slightly
defined by white on outer side, excurved below costa and ending at vein 1;

106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

antemedial line obsolete on costal half, white, nearly straight and oblique
from median nervure to inner margin; medial area black-brown from cell
to inner margin; claviform absent ; orbicular with faint whitish annulus,
with gray centre, slightly defined by black above, round ; reniform with
whitish annulus, its inner edge straight and oblique, defined on each side
by black, its outer concave at middle with some black in upper part and
beyond middle ; a U-shaped silvery-white mark filled in with gray below
median nervure, its inner arm bent inwards ; postmedial line double, filled
in with whitish, slightly excurved below costa, oblique to vein 5, then
slightly incurved ; subterminal line absent ; a terminal series of slight,
black lunules, defined on inner side by gray lunules; cilia gray, mixed
with brown and with series of blackish spots. Hind wing orange-yellow ;
some brown suffusion at base ; a slight discoidal striga ; the terminal area
black-brown, narrowing to tornus; cilia chequered brown and white, and
with brown line through them ; the under side with the costal area slightly
irrorated with brown, traces of a curved postmedial line.

Alberta, 1907, Brobokton Creek,.6 ¢, 2, 9. type: U.S. A.; Washes
ington Forest Reserve, 1907, Early. Winter Creek, 1 <¢.. -Eixpamuse
34-40 mm.

A specimen of this species was identified by Dr. Ottolengui as /.
diasema, Boisd.; this, however, which is found in N. Europe and Asia, and
in America, from Greenland to Labrador, has the head, thorax and fore
wing much more strongly tinged with red-brown, the last with the ante-
medial tine excurved below the cell, the stigma more V-shaped, with a
slight tail or point beyond its lower extremity ; the hind wing with the
terminal area reddish-brown. The record from Colorado probably refers
to the new species.

2528. Plusia saccent, Grote.
Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 1 6.
2532. Llusia parilis, Hubn.

Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 6 ¢’s; Wilcox Pass, 1 ¢@.
Br 25. Plusia alticola, Wik.

Alberta, Mt. Assiniboine, 1 9; 1907, Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢’s; Brobokton
Creek, 1 ¢; Brazeau Creek, 1 9. B. C., 1904, Kicking Horse Pass
Hector, 1 3. :

The type was taken by Lord Derby in the Canadian Rockies in 1845,
and is quite distinct from the European devergens, Hitibn. The record
from Colorado probably refers to this species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

NOCTUIN&.

2782. Syneda divergens, Behr.

mcs roos, Ashnolay rds t-? .
2781. Syneda graphica, Hiibn.

B. C., 1904, Up. Kerameos, 1 3; 1905, 1 ¢; Ashnola,1 ¢.
2783. Syneda patricola, Wik.

Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 ¢; Laggan, 1 9. B.C., 1904, Greenwood,
fos Wasio. tO > Up: Kerameass 2,9.
2800. Syneda athabasca, Neum.

Alberta, 1907, Mt. Athabasca, 3 ¢’s ; Wilcox Pass, 2 ¢’s,1 9.
2799. Syneda hudsonica, Grote and Rob.

Alberta, 1904, Banff, 1 ¢; 1905, I 2; 1907, Kootenay Plains, 1 ¢.
B. C., 1904, Kaslo, 2 $’s; Greenwood,1 ¢; Okanagan, 2 ¢’s, 1 9? ; 1905,
Ashnola, 4 ¢’s.
2788. Syneda ochracea, Behr.

B. C., 1904, L. Okanagan, Penticton, 1 ¢; 1905, Up. Kerameos,

ae

A NEW LEPIDOPTEROUS GALL-PRODUCER.
BY A. COSENS, M.A., TORONTO.

Stagmatophora ceanothiellu, n. sp.—This small moth produces galls
on Ceanothus Americanus, \..; these abnormal growths are found com-
monly on a main stem, but rarely on a branch. The flower cluster is
sometimes entirely aborted, but usually only partly so, the lower pedicels
in the cluster remaining normal.

In the majority of cases the gall is terminal, but in a few instances
the stem was found to project a short distance beyond it. The gall has
the relatively simple structure of a spindle-shaped enlargement of the stem.
In length it varies from to to 15 mm., and in greatest width from 5 to 8
mm. It is roughened on the outside by the stumps of the aborted
branches. On account of the shortening of the stem axis and the conse-
quent crowding of the nodes, these branches are more numerous on a gall
than on a corresponding length of normal stem. This gives the gall a
gnarled surface and forms a strongly-protected case for the larva. The
gall in some cases is surmounted by a tuft of leaves growing from its apex.

The aperture through which the moth escapes from the gall is made

always near the upper end,
March, 1908

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The insect passes the winter in the larval condition. Galls examined
in December were lined with silk, which, no doubt, was a protective
measure against cold and moisture.

The dates of emergence of specimens from galls collected are the
following: June 23, 1907, five specimens ; June 24, ten; June 25, six ;
June 26, five ; June 27, two, and June 30, three.

Larva.—Length, 6-3 mm. Head black, the rest of the body light
yellow, except the dorsal part of the first segment. This bears a pair of
light brown, somewhat triangular-shaped, spots. The base of the triangle
is slightly indented. Four rows of very short hairs run the whole length
of the body, two of these rows are dorsal and two lateral. The rows are
composed of from 4 to 6 hairs on each segment.

Pupa.—Length, 4-5 mm. Light brown in colour.

Imago.—%,é. Expands 1o-12 mm. Head: Colour dark brown,
with a bright bronzed lustre, which imparts a greenish tint. The basal
joints of the antennz are relatively long and much enlarged at the distal
end.

Thorax: The dorsal surface presents the same lustrous bronzed
appearance as the head, but the ventral surface is somewhat paler in
colour and with a less brilliant lustre. The legs present the same colour
as the dorsal aspect of the thorax, but the lustre is less brilliant on the
inner surface,

The fore wings show the lustrous bronzed-green of the body with
less brilliancy below. ‘They are fringed along the inner and the outer
margins. The fringe is light brown in colour, darkening towards the
outer margins of the wings. It entirely lacks the lustre of the remainder
of the wings.

The hind wings are plume-like, as all the margins of the wings carry
the light brown fringe, which becomes darker on the outer margin. The
axis of the wing is of a lighter brown colour than the fringe, and presents '
in some cases a silvery lustre.

Abdomen: Coloured like the thorax, but the tints are decidedly
lighter and the lustre slightly silvery.

I am indebted to Mr. Augustus Busck, of the Smithsonian Institution,
who has supplied me with the generic relations of the form. He states
that it is somewhat aberrant in the genus Stagmatophora, as veins 5, 6
and 8 are all from one stalk in the fore wings.

Mailed March 6th, 1908.

The € anaclian Hatomologist

—$ $ ______

VoL. XL. LONDON, APRIL, 1908. No. 4.

LIST OF HEMIPTERA TAKEN BY W. J. PALMER, ABOUT
QUINZE LAKE, P. QUE., IN 1907.

BY E. P. VAN. DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.

Once more I am indebted to Mr. W. J. Palmer, of Buffalo, for a very
interesting series of Hemiptera, taken by him in August, 1907, on a vaca-
tion trip from Lake Temagami, Ont., to Quinze Lake, P. Q., and along
the Ottawa River and its lakes to Barrier Lake. This collection is much
more extensive than that made by him in 1906, notes on which were pub-
lished by me in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGisT for December, 1906.
Among the 116 species taken in 1907, were several of unusual interest,
such as Corythuca incurva, Uhler ; eoborus Palmert, Reuter ; LV. commis-
suralis, Reuter; Ceresa FPalmeri, Van Duzee; Aphrophora Signoretti,
Fitch ; Platymetopius obscurus, Osborn; Zhamnotettix flavovirens, G.&
B., and Cicadula lineattfrons, Stal.

Of the three new forms taken by Mr. Palmer on this trip, the descrip-
tions of two Capsids: MVeoborus Palmeri and commissura/ts are by Dr. O.
_M. Reuter, of Abo, Finland, and will also appear (in Latin) in a paper
about to be published, entitled, ‘‘ Bemerkungen uber nord amerikanis-
chen Capsiden” in Ofversigt af Finska Vetens. K. Soc. Forhandl., 1908.

PENTATOMID#.

FHlomemus ceneifrons, Say.—This boreal species was taken in abund-
ance at allstations. I have found it common in the Adirondacks, but it is
rarely taken in the level country about Buffalo.

Eurygaster alternatus, Say.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake, Lake Te-
magami, and elsewhere. A common and widely-distributed form.

Euschistus tristigmus, Say.—Several specimens of the northern form,
with obtuse humeri, were captured on Bear Island, Lake Temagami.

Cosmopepla carnifex, Fabr.—Taken along Barrier River, and at
other points in the Ottawa River water-shed.

Clinocoris lateralis, Say.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake and Barrier
River, several examples. Formerly placed in genus Acanthosoma.

Podisus modestus, Dallas. Taken at Klauck’s, and at Temiskamin-
gue P. O., both in the Ottawa district.

110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

COREID&.
Protenor Belfragei, Hagl.—Taken at Temiskamingue P.O, It has
been redescribed as Zetrahinus Quebecensis by Provancher.

Megalotomus 5-spinosus, Say.—Bear Island, Lake Temagami. Two
examples.

Alydus eurinus, Say.—Taken with the preceding, and at Temiskam-
ingue Post Office.

Alydus conspersus, Montd.—Taken with the foregoing. It may best
be distinguished by the dotted membrane.

Cortzus crasstcornis, Linn.—Taken at all stations along the Ottawa
River, and at Temagami. . This is the species I have heretofore deter-
mined, I believe correctly, as zoveboracensis, Sign. I am indebted to Dr.
Horvath for its identification with the common European species.

LYGAEID&.

Ortholomus longiceps, Stal. Taken at Bear Island, Lake Temagami.
I now use this name for our northern form, which was included by Dr.
Uhler in his description of Wysius providus, and which, it seems to me,
includes both this species and /amaicensis, Dallas. Genus Ortholomus
may be distinguished from JVysivs by the rectilinear costal margin of the
elytra.

Nysius thymi, Wolf.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. On the occasion
of his recent visit to Buffalo, Dr. Horvath set aside in my collection as
thymi the Vysius taken by me at Lake Placid, N. Y., and listed as angus-
tatus in my “ List of the Hemiptera taken in the Adirondacks.” The
present specimen taken by Mr. Palmer is a little larger and paler, and may

be the true amgustatus if that species really be distinct from ¢#ymz, which
I doubt.

Ischnorhynchus resede, Panz.—Temagami, one example.

Cymus claviculus, Hahn.—Lake Temiskamingue, two examples.

Ligyrocoris diffusus, Uhler.—Taken at all stations, and apparently as
abundant as in Western New York. This is the species formerly listed as
sylvestris, Linn. The latter, if a Ligyrocoris at all, is contractus, Say, and
not aiffusus.

Ligyrocoris contractus, Say.—Like the last, this species was taken at

all stations where Mr. Palmer collected. It is rare about Buffalo, but be-
comes abundant further north.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LEE

TINGIDA.

Corythuca incurva, Uhler.—Temagami Lake, Temiskamingue, and
Barrier River. I have carefuliy compared these specimens with an
example determined by Dr. Uhler, and find them certainly identical.
They seem to be sufficiently distinct from the smaller specimens of jug-
Zandis taken in Western New York and elsewhere.

REDUVIID.

Sinea diadema, Fabr.—One example taken at Klauck’s. Mr. Palmer
reports this as the only specimen seen by him.

Reduviolus ferus, Linn.—Temiskamingue and Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake. This is an imported species that follows cultivation into every
portion of North America. Here it seems to have followed up the Ottawa
River almost in advance of civilization.

Reduviolus vicarius, Reut.—Taken in numbers along Quinze Lake.
This is the species so determined in my list of Lake Placid Hemiptera,
and list of the Hemiptera taken by Mr. Palmer at Lake Temagami. I
sent specimens to Dr. Reuter, and he writes me that it is not the true
vicarius, but a species very near /zmbatus, Dahlb. The latter species
was, however, described as very close to /:mbatus; so, it the present
species be not wicarius, it must be very near it. It seems to be boreal in
distribution. I now follow the European entomologists in using the name
Reduviolus for this genus in place of Cortscus, Schrank.

Reduviolus propinguus, Reut.—Quinze Lake, one example.

CAPSID.

Miris dolobratus, Linn,—-Taken at Temiskamingue only. ‘This spe-
cies is now placed in genus Afzris, of which it is the type. Formerly
listed as a Leptopteria.

Stenodema trispinosa, Reut.—White Rapids, Barrier River and Tem-
iskamingue. This is the North American form, formerly determined as
Brachytropis calcarator, Fall. Dr. Reuter now considers our American
form as a distinct species, and has so published it. Brachytropis is placed
as a synonym of Stezodema, formerly called Airis.

Stenodema affinis, Reut.—Apparently common everywhere Mr. Palmer
collected. Mr. Kirkaldy gives the name zmstadiZis, Uhler, priority, quot-
ing Dr. Uhler’s reference to Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 104, but
as a matter of fact the species was not included in that paper. Its first
publication was in the Bul. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv., vol. II, No. 5, p. 316,
1876, and, consequently, was subsequent to Reuter’s afinis, which appeared
in 1875.

BI? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Trigonotylus ruficornis, Fall—Two examples from Nigger Point,
Quinze Lake.

Collaria Meilleuri, Prov.—Barrier River and Temiskamingue.

Resthenia insignis, Say.—At Barrier River Mr. Palmer took two
examples of this species that were entirely black, except a touch of rufous
on the collar and lateral submargins of the pronotum. I have taken it at
Hamburg and Gowanda, N. Y., and have seen others from Idaho and
Winnipeg. Itseems to be northern in distribution.

Monolocoris filicis, Linn.—Temagami and Quinze Lake.

Neoborus amoenus, Uhl.; var. Palmeri, n. var., Reuter.—Pale livid,
eyes castaneous, clypeus piceous toward its apex; vitta below the base of
the antenne ferruginous, two vitte on either side of the pronotum nigro-
piceous, the exterior submarginal, not attaining the base, interior extend-
ing from the exterior angle of the collum to the base of the pronotum ;
corium with a slender vitta along the apical one-half of the cubital vein and
a line within the basal margin of the membrane nigro-piceous ; apex of the
second joint of the antenne and the two ultimate joints black, third pale
at base. Female.—Klauck’s, one example. A very pretty and distinct
species.

Leoborus (Xenoborus, nv. subg.) commissuralis, n. sp., Reuter.—Ob-
long. Differs from VV. amoenus, Uhl. (saxeus, Uhl, not of Dist.), in
having the rostrum somewhat shorter, the costal margin of the hemelytra
less rounded, and especially in having the sides of the pronotum not at all
calloused; pale yellowish-white, smooth and polished, antennz, eyes,
claval commissure slenderly, and the extreme apex of the rostrum and the
tarsi black ; head about two-fifths narrower than the base of the pronotum,
viewed from. before a little shorter than its basal width with the eyes;
viewed from the side the cheeks in both sexes as high as the eyes ; vertex
slenderly margined; in the male about three-fourths, in the female two to
two and a-half times broader than the eyes ; rostrum attaining the apex of
the mesosternum ; antenne slender, first joint in the male as long as the
head viewed from before; in the female a little shorter, second joint in
the female twice longer than the first and a little longer than the basal
width of the pronotum ; in the male distinctly longer ; pronotum about
one-fifth shorter than its basal width, sides nearly straight, callosities
moderately elevated, concolorous, in the middle somewhat indistinct, disk
on either side quite densely and strongly rugose-punctate ; hemelytra long
surpassing the abdomen, obsoletely punctate, membrane whitish-hyaline,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113

veins pale, brachial vein towards its apex and a longitudinal vitta within
the apex of the areole fuscous. Male and female. Length 7, width 2 mm.
Klauck’s four specimens taken with the preceding. This is the species
found at Island Lake last year by Mr. Palmer, and listed by me as
Neoborus, sp. I took it at Lake Placid, and have seen others from Mon-
trea] taken by Mr. Beaulieu.

Poecilocapsus lineatus, ¥abr.—Apparently common at all places along
the Ottawa River.

Camptobrochis grandis, Uhler.—Temagami, Temiskamingue and Nig-
ger Point on Quinze Lake.

Lygus pratensis, Linn.—Abundant everywhere, with its variety /lavo-
notatus, Prov.

Lygus invitus, Say.— Klauck’s, on Quinze Lake.

Lygus monachus, Uhler.—One example from Barrier River.

Lygus pabulinus, Linn.—White Rapids, one example.

Adelphocorts rapidus, Say.— Apparently abundant at all stations.
Dr. Reuter has separated this species and its allies from Cadocorts.

Neurocolpus nubilus, Say.—Temagami, one example.

Compsocerocoris annulicornis, Reut.—Barrier River.

Phytocoris pallidicornis, Reut.—Taken in numbers at ail stations.

Phytocoris extmus, Reut.—Bear Island, Lake Temagami.

Lopidea marginata, Uhler.—This species seems to have been com-
mon, as Mr. Palmer brought home numbers from Temagami, Barrier
River and White Rapids.

Stiphrosoma stygica, Say.— Temagami, Barrier River and Temiskam-
ingue. These agree with material from the mountains of Colorado in
being a little smaller than those taken about Buffalo.

Dicyphus agilis, Uhler.—Temiskamingue and Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake. |

flyaliodes vitripennts, Say.—Mr. Palmer brought home from Barrier
River one example of the dark form that, about Buffalo, is found on oak.

Cyrtorrhinus marginatus, Uhler.—Taken at Barrier River.

Orthotylus, sp.—Quinze Lake, one example.

Oncotylus chlorionis, Say.—Temiskamingue, one example.

Plagiognathus obscurus, Uhler.—Abundant at all stations.

Plagiognathus sp.—One example of a small species, with a vittate
scutellum, was taken at Temiskamingue.
GERRID&.
Gerris remigis, Say.—One brachypterous example was taken at
Quinze Lake.

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

HOMOPTERA.
FULGORID&.
Cixius stigmatus, Say.—Taken in numbers at Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake, Temiskamingue, and about Lake Temagami.
Liburnia petluctda, Fabr.—One macropterous male taken at Quinze
Lake.
Liburnia s\.—Three brachypterous females from Quinze Lake.

MEMBRACID&.

Ceresa basalis, Walker.—This species was taken in large numbers,
and shows a wide range in colour variation. The pale females are almost
entirely green or fulvous when dry, while the darker males are deep
piceous black marked, with pale only on the anterior margins of the head,
base of the elytra, tibize and tarsi. ‘The pale colour first shows on the
summit of the metapodium, and the last black colouring to disappear is
the line below the suprahumeral horns and the banding on the femora.
Ceresa turbida, Goding, is certainly a synonym of this, his material being
of the paler form found in the Northern States. I have received this same
species from the Saskatchewan, and from the Selkirk Mountains in British
Columbia.

Ceresa Falmeri, n. sp.—Closely allied to Jdorealis and constans.
Smaller, more slender, and less strongly coloured than comstans. Clypeus
broad, with the tylus strongly produced. Front of the pronotum rather
low, vertical, convex before, with a prominent median carina; sides
rectilinear, abruptly curved outward above to the horizontal acute
subterete and black-tipped horns. ‘These suprahumeral horns are
strongly recurved, their posterior and inferior surfaces are concave
and marked with a brown line above and below, on either side
of the latter of which is a pale carina; triangular superior surface
between the horns concave, a little convex along the median carina ;
posteriorly the pronotum is but feebly elevated, the apex is very slender,
exceeds the abdomen, and is tipped with black. Colour pale fulvous,
fading to pale greenish-yellow on the head and beneath ; the horns and
posterior carina ferruginous brown shading to piceous posteriorly ; sides
mottled with pale ; elytra long, subhyaline, a little smoky along the apical
margin. ‘Tip of the rostrum, tarsal claws and tibial spines black.

Last ventral segment of the female rather long, angularly cleft nearly
one-half of its length ; the sides of this sinus convexly arcuated as far as
the rounded outer angles. Pilates of the male long and rather slender,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115

scarcely shorter than the pygofers. Ultimate ventral segment very short.
Length to the tip of the elytra 7 mm.

Described from five males and one female ; five of these were taken
about Lake Temagami, the other was taken by Mr. Palmer on Fox Island,
Red Cedar Lake, in 1906, and was listed by me as a small male of brevi-
cornis. This additional material enables me to correct that determination.
Mr. Palmer has spent several of his summer outings collecting Hemiptera
in his characteristically energetic way, and has brought home some very
interesting material, and it affords me pleasure to recognize the scientific
value of his work by naming this species after him.

Telamona coryli, Fitch.—One female taken at Nigger Point, Quinze
Lake, is of the dark type described by Dr. Fitch as Ze/amona tristis.

Enchenopa binotata, Say.—Quinze Lake, one example.

Campylenchia curvata, Fabr.—Taken in numbers at all places where
Mr. Palmer collected.

CERCOPID.

Lepyronia 4-angularis, Say.—Apparently abundant. “The males are
very clearly marked.

Aphrophora 4-notata, Say.—Another common form.

Aphrophora parallela, Say.—Several specimens taken by Mr. Palmer
average a little smaller than those taken about Buffalo.

Aphrophora Signoreti, Fitch.—One example taken near Quinze Lake.
In form of vertex and front, this species is intermediate between parad/ela
and saratogensis. It can finally be determined by the form of the plates
of the male, which are well characterized by Dr. Ball in his paper on this
family. This has proved to be a rare species, so far as my experience
goes. I have one female taken by Prof. Houghton, in the Adirondacks,
and a male taken by Dr. Brodie, at Toronto, Ont. The present speci-
men is, I think, the fourth I have seen.

Philaronia bilineata, Say.—Taken at Temiskamingue and ()uinze
Lake.

Clastoptera obtusa, Say.—Common everywhere Mr. Palmer worked.

Clastoptera proteus, Fitch., var. nigra, Ball.—Taken at nearly all
stations, and apparently common. In the female there is a fulvous spot
on the costa which is wanting in the male.

ByTHOSCOPID.

Bythoscopus sobrius, Walker.—A rare species, of which Mr. Palmer

took one example at Temiskamingue P. O.

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Bythoscopus cognatus, VanD.—Taken at Lake Temagami and along
Quinze Lake and Barrier River.

Pediopsts viridis, Fitch.—White Rapids and Barrier River. No
males were taken.

Pediopsts basalis, VanD.—One female taken at Temiskamingue P.
O. This belongs to the dark form, with banded elytra, of which I have
taken examples at Lancaster and Hamburg, N. Y. This individual differs,
however, in having a black propleural point not found in the specimens
from Western New York. These banded forms seem to connect dasaZis
with dzfasciata, and they may prove to be a distinct species.

Pediopsis bifasciata, VanD.—One very pale specimen that I place
here with some doubt, was taken at Klauck’s, on Quinze Lake.

Idiocerus pallidus, Fitch.—Taken throughout the Ottawa River dis-
trict.

Tdtocerus suturalis, Fitch.—Taken commonly. The males were
deeply coloured, and were more abundant than the females. The variety
Junaris, Ball, was not taken on this trip.

Tdiocerus alternatus, Fitch.—A good series from Nigger Point,
Quinze Lake. I have placed under this name the common species found
throughout the northern United States and Canada, and west to California.
It may be distinguished from our other alternate-veined species by its
having the apex of the head brown and polished, with the two round dots
on the vertex distinct, and not confounded with the transverse black band.
The commissural margin has a white spot in most specimens.

[diocerus sp.—This species, of which Mr. Palmer took one example
at Temagami, has a broad, irregular, black band across the apex of the
head, in which the round dots are scarcely distinguished. This band
is bisected by a pale median line, and below it are a pair of transverse
spots on the base of the front. The elytral nervures are scarcely alternated.
This species I have also taken at Ridgeway, Ont., near Buffalo.

TIdiocerus lachrymadis, Fitch.—Barrier River, two examples. This is
our largest /diocerus. It has the same black band on the vertex that we
find in the preceding species, but it is not bisected by a pale median line.

Agallia novella, Say.—Specimens of this species were brought from
all stations along Quinze Lake and Barrier River. ‘These are all of the
pale form, in some of which the black pronotal spots are entirely wanting.

Agallia sanguinolenta, Prov.— Vemiskamingue, P.O. One example.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117

NOTES ON CORIXID NO. 1 [HEM.].
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU,’ H. ISLANDS.

Species of the Corixidz cannot be mistaken for those of any other
family of Hemiptera. The remarkable structure of the mouth-parts
(which caused Borner to elevate the family into a separate suborder,
Sandalicerhyncha), and, in the males, the possession of two sets
(apparently) of stridulating organs, abundantly separate them from any
other family. Although not so specially adapted, to our eyes, for such a
life, the Corixide have gained a more complete mastery over the problems
of aquatic existence than their relatives, the Notonectide and Naucoride,
if we may judge by the much greater number of their species.

The structure of the Corixidz is extremely interesting, and there are
probably no other insects whose males can boast of at least four separate
secondary sexual characters (of these, two are of great specific importance).
Their stridulation and general biology have recently been briefly summar-
ized by myself.*

The genera of Corixide may be tabulated as follows :

1. Scutellum covered by pronotum only at the anterior margin ....(2).
ta. Scutellum covered (except sometimes at posterior angle) by

POUATIVENLIDER ree FIC © hal SoA eee cette e | Ciapen Say as outed eee a ale RESON (4).
2. Metapleura simple. Minute species, never over 5 mill. long... .(3).
2a. Metapleura deeply impressed behind, forming so-called ‘“‘parapleura”;

species ‘over G milk fone ts) os 3, Diaprepocoris, Kirkaldy.
3. Pronotum truncate, or (generally) convex

behind. Sass view Pew sensay ee vie mean! fy Anarene Kaley:
3a. Pronotum eitea emarginate wetiia ...2, Lenagobia, Bergroth.
4. Mites Res, sean wa eAar eo ete ee I)
4a. es co a
5. Strigil absent.. bP caacah RO ES sees 1) DAES WNT ge goa SASS (6).
5a. Strigil present . Le bey ae es cy)

6. Nostridular area; nee tarsi not ee @ith sie 4, septa. Flor.
6a. Stridular area present ; hind tarsi usually marked conspicuously with
black (the segment itself, not the fringe of hairs
Orhy). (s SSeee aera oes tee ecs aise’. Poza: coche Manats §, UV OCMAECOFER, TW Bite:

*** The stridulating organs of Water-bugs, especially of Corixidz,” 1go1, J.
Quekett Micr. Club (2), viii, 33-46, Pls. 3-4 (often cited as ‘‘ Quebec !’’), and
‘* A Guide to the Study of British Water-bugs,”’ 1905, ENTOMOLOGIST, XXXVIITI,
231-6, etc.

April, Igo

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

7. Paler stridulator composed of pegs ranging from bristles to short
‘‘peg-tops,” the transition gradual... .. 6, Glenocorisa, ‘Thomson.
ya. Paler stridulator never with bristles, although the “ pegs” may be
elongate (not to be confused with the lower fringe of bristles. . (8).
S$. Asymmetry on right side. RROD RET EE hee CP tO}:
8a. Asymmetry on left side. pranoturh and tegmina sneOEne
shining . ee gr bos 2 ee id ae Oy COE eae
9. Tegmina with area Bie hats evaaaere
nonlineate) 2.0. oe ae age se Oy ATE plOcorie a, Aciee ye
ga. Tegmina without short black hairs ...........7, Arctocorisa, Wall.
A. Pronotum transversely lineate, generally rostrate ; tegmina
more ‘or less rostrate) (yee ee ae ee
AA. Pronotum immaculate, smooth ; tegmina smooth,
polished .. 0.0/5... 3, SUDg. 3, lesperocoz7ea ame
B. Tegminal hairs normal, tibiz ( f) rarely produced
triangularly...02.20. 22.0) subg. 1, Aychocor isa, eee
BB. Tegminal hairs of two sorts, tibia ( ¢ ) triangularly produced
(type pygmea, Fieber)....subg. 2, Z7ichocortxa, nov.

TO.) ace flattened Wy i5 signs sein a ee Bo aS sae iol Alen eet ee
TOas PAGO CONVER: 2. ome eos WPS es et ae oo a
r1...-Pronotum: immaculate :“ face: smooth: fit 22. ee se A eee
11a. Pronotum with impressed transverse lines ; face
Wantey Pe: 652 SSS Pe EOI Cotes eg eta
r2. ‘Pronotum: immaculate 2/0 2504307 Fhe Se ee ee
r2a;. Pronotum lineate®! </2s2a ee ae aero
13. Tegmina with short black hairs................8, Agraptocorixa.
13a. Tegmina not with short black hairs ........ (subg.) Hesperocorixa.
14. Pronotum and tegmina smooth, shining ...............9, Corixa.
14a. Pronotum and tegmina more or less rostrate..............--(15)-
15. A conspicuous black spot usually on hind tarsi.. ....5, Caddicorixa.
15a. Hind tarsi pale, fringing hairs dark in some species..7, Arctocorisa.
A. Tegminal hairs normal 2. 42/23)... 3-2). Avclecor isa, S.-siy
AA. Tegminal hairs of two sorts ........(subg.) Zréchocorixa.

. I do not know the Brazilian Heterocorixa, White, of which the types
are apparently lost.
ARCTocOoRISA, Wallengren.
This genus was originally founded for certain species with a percurrent
pronotal keel (Carinata, etc.), which, however, are scarcely even sub-
generically separable from Zinnei, fossurum, etc., so that it has been

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119

necessary to extend the limits of Arctocorisa to include Lasi/eocorixa,
Kirk. The type of Corixa, Geoffroy, is striata, Geoffr., (= Geoffroyt,
Leach) ; the genus has not yet been found in America, whereas Arctocorisa
has already been numerously reported.

1. A. hydatotrephes, n. sp.—Differs’ from any of the species of
Arctocorisa known to me, by the complete anastomosis of the dark lines
on the clavus, corium and membrane, the margins of these areas being
more or less broadly pale.

Head and legs yellowish-testaceous, head dorsally more or less soiled.
Pronotum testaceous, with five grayish-brown lines. Tegmina_ blackish-
brown, embolium and all the margins pale, the lateral margin being broken
by the dark colour only at the extralateral margin of membrane. Sterna
very pale castaneous. Meso- and metanotum and abdomen blackish, or
at least dark fuscous, margins of the latter pale. Fringe of hind tibiz
fuscous. Head between eyes very narrow, less than a third of the width
of the pronotum. Pronotum transverse, short, feebly rostrate, a tubercle
at the apical margin in the middle. Middle tibize one-third longer than
the tarsi, and one-seventh longer than the subequal claws. ‘Tegmina
obsolescently rostrate.

6.—Face flat medianly, scarcely excavated. Strigil suboval, trans-
versely placed, with five rows. Pala subcultrate, dorsally arched, with 18
or more pegs, which Jengthen as they approach the apex, and keep parallel
and close to the dorsal margin soon after they leave the base.

2 .—Pala elongate cultrate.
Length, 6 mill. Hab.: Raleigh, North Carolina (Brimiey).

2. A. macroceps, n. sp.—Yellowish-testaceous. Eyes grayish-brown.
Pronotum brown, with three comparatively broad brown-testaceous lines, -
second and third partly confused. Tegmina-brown; clavus with basal
lines broad and subentire, the others much broken up ; corial lines much
abbreviated and contortuplicated, obscurely triseriate. Fringe on hind
tibize fuscous. Head large, rounded in front, one-third longer than wide
between the eyes. Pronotum 2% times as wide as the head between the
eyes, and more than 4 times as wide as its own middle length. Pronotum
and clavus rostrate, corium more feebly. Middie tibiz nearly one-half
longer than the tarsi, which are subequal to the subequal claws.

2 .—Pala cultrate, arched near the base.
Length, 3% mill. Hab.: Raleigh, N. C. (Brimley).

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Subgenus HESPEROCORIXA, nov. subgen.

This has the characters of Arctocorixa, Wallengr. (sens. ¢at.), but
differs by the non-rostrate pronotum and tegmina and the non-lineate
pronotum. From Agraptocorixa, Kirk., it differs by the total absence
of black hairs, the surface being polished. From Corixa, Geoffr., it differs
by the ¢ asymmetry being on the other side, and by the absence of
lineations. It may prove a good genus.

3. H. Lrimleyi, sp. nov.— Head, fore legs, middle femora and claws,
hind coxe, etc., pale yellow. Eyes gray-brown. Prenotum and tegmina
pale ferruginous, sometimes suffused with sanguineous, base of clavus and
a large spot near apex of corium blackish-brown. Sterna, meso- and
metanotum and abdomen black or blackish, pleurites and apical segment |
of abdomen yellowish, partly suffused with red. Middle tibize and hind
femora and tibizw sanguineous, the fringe on the latter golden-brown.

Pronotum short, very transverse, polished, very faintly rostrate, if at
all, obsolescently keeled percurrently. Tegmina smooth and polished,
obsolescently punctured, non-lineate, membrane angularly rounded at the
apex. Middle tibie one-eighth longer than the tarsi, which are equal to
the mutually equally long ciaws.

ft .—Face slightly flattened in the middle, scarcely excavated. Pala
cultrate, with a closely-set row of about 28 pegs. Strigil rather large,
oblong, oval, with five subeven rows. !

? .—Pala elongate cultrate.

Length, 9 mill. Hab.: Raleigh, N. C. (Brimley).

This is very distinct from any other American species known to me.

EARLY STAGES OF NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS.
BY HENRY ENGEL, PITTSBURG, PA.

Eutolype bombyciformis, Smith.

Ova.—Rose-pink, round, base flat, top depressed, 36 vertical ridges
terminating ina raised circle at the crest. Ridges serrate, tipped whitish.
Micropyle slightly raised and white.

Diameter, 0.80 mm. Height, 0.50 mm.

Eggs deposited April 30-May 2nd. Larve hatched May 13-14th.

First Stage.—Length, 2.50 mm. Head bilobed, a little wider than
body, glossy black, covered with short hair. Mouth-parts black. Thoracic
shield brown, trapezoid in outline. Body pale green, shaded with brown
dorsally on thoracic segments. ‘Thoracic legs pale green, claws black.
Abdominal legs green, with two brown patches outwardly, the smaller one
just above claws. ‘Tubercles small, black, with short black sete.

April, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121

First moult May 18th.

Second Stage.— Length at rest, 4 mm; extended, 5 mm. Head and
mouth-parts yellowish-green. Ocelli glossy black. Body light green, a
faint whitish subdorsal line. Legs concolorous, claws black. Tubercles
not contrasting. Sete gray.

Second moult May 18th.

Third Stage.—Length, 7 mm. Head yellowish-green. Ocelli black.
Body and legs light green. A gray dorsal line interrupted in the inter-
sections. Subdorsal line more conspicuous than in stage 2, broken into
spots on each segment. Tubercles light gray. Setz on i and 11 blackish,
the lower ones gray.

Third moult May 31st.

Fourth Stage.—Length, 13 mm. Head pale green, 2 mm. wide.
Ocelli black. Body green dorsally, lighter green below subdorsal line.
Dorsal, subdorsal and stigmatal line yellowish-green. Legs pale green.
Tubercles oval, prominent, pale yellow, with brown centre. Setz dark
gray.

Fourth moult June 8th.

Fifth Stage.—Length, 23 mm. Head 3 mm. wide, bluish-green.
Mouth-parts brown. Ocelli black. Body yellowish green above, bluish-
green below stigmatal line. Legs pale green, claws a shade lighter.
Dorsal and subdorsal lines pale yellow, the former interrupted in the
intersections and on the somites. The subdorsal line narrow and broken
into irregular spots, the stigmatal line prominent, brighter yellow and
continuous from second to anal segment. Tubercles prominent, pale
yellow, with brown centre, iv of equal distance from and in line with
spiracle except on segment 6, where it is slightly above, and in 7, where it
is further removed and lower.

Larve matured June 17th. Length, 38-40 mm.

Pupa.—Light brown, darker over the eyes and on anal segment.
Wing-cases ornamented with dentate striations. ‘The segmental rings
have numerous small round dents anteriorly, smooth posteriorly.
Cremaster armed with four short spines. Two crescent-shaped dark
brown raised ridges in subdorsal area on anal segment.

Pupation occurs in cells from 3-4 inches below surface.

Food plant.—Carya alba, Nutt., Shellbark Hickory.

I was fortunate in finding 12 females of this species during two
afternoons in a beautiful hard timber woods near New Brighton, Pa., last
April. They emerge about noon, and may be found on the trunk of the

$22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hickories. One specimen was taken at rest on an Oak. It showed
signs of flight, and fertile ova were obtained. The moths have been taken
from April 18—May 3rd.

Nacophora quernaria, Smith and Abbott.

Eggs deposited June rst.

Ova. — Yellowish-green, with metallic reflections. Acorn-shape
inverted, base ovally rounded, top broad, slightly convex. A circle of white,
irregular, raised spots at the periphery, ranging from 18-21 in number.

Diameter, 0.55 mm. Height, 0.80 mm.

Larve hatched June 16-17th.

First Stage.—Length, 2.60 mm. Head 0.45 mm. wide, rounded, —
slightly bilobed, dull brown, shading darker to the mouth-parts. Fine
irregular reticulations and a few gray hairs. Ocelli dark brown. Body
velvety dark brown. Thoracic shield gray. Tubercles along dorsum
small, blackish, with short gray setee. An apparently white line along the
side consisting of the prominent cream-coloured tubercles and intermediate
speckles of white. -Tubercles i, ii, ili on segment 2, and i, ii on
segment 11 are in line laterally. Ventrally the tubercles are small, with
short gray sete. Legs gray, mottled with brown.

First moult June 2tst.

Second Stage.—Length, 6 mm. Head 0.80 mm. wide, angular,
notched in centre of the crown, depressed in front, dark brown, with
numerous irregular light brown speckles. Occelli glossy black. Body
brown. On segment 5 two eminences or lumps have developed bearing
tubercle 1. Tubercles along dorsum blackish, larger on segments 2, 5 and
11, 0n sides gray, centered with brown. ‘The sides have whitish striations.
Legs as in stage tr.

Second moult June 25th.

Third Stage.—Length, to mm. Head 1.40 mm. wide, thicker than
body, square, deeply notched in centre, depressed in front, brown, with
lighter mottlings. Body dark brown, with grayish mottlings, reddish on
segment 5 and ash-gray on anal segment. Humps on segment 5 more
developed. Body is sparsely covered with short gray hairs. Tubercles
and legs as in stage 2.

Third moult July rst.

Fourth Stage.—Length, 16 mm. Head 2 mm., shape as in stage 3.
Brown, with a distinct dark brown dash from each angle converged to
clypeus. Thoracic segments swollen and light brown. Body mottled

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123

brown and gray, with short gray hair. Anal segment and legs pale ash-
gray. Tubercles as before except segment 6, which is swollen ventrally,
with tubercles more prominent.

Fourth moult July 7th.

‘Fifth Stage.—Length, 22 mm. Head 2.60 mm. wide, the deeply-
notched crown more pronounced. Body mottled brown and gray, with
triangular light gray patches dorsally on segments 6-1ro. A faint gray line
above spiracles. Tubercles reddish-brown and prominent on segments 2,
3, 5 and 10-11. On 4, 6, 9 and anal segment they are small, scarcely
darker than ground. On under side of segment 6 reddish-brown.

Fifth moult July 14th.

Sixth Stage.—Length, 33 mm. Head 4 mm. wide, very angular, deeply
notched, rather deep and rounded posteriorly, variable grayish to dark
brown, with numerous fine blackish warts. Ocelli and mandibles dark
brown. Thoracic legs light brown. Body variable gray to dark brown.
Thoracic shield lighter. Entire body covered with light gray warts, giving
a crenulate appearance. A _ blackish triangular patch on under side of
segments 2 and 3. Tubercles on segment 6 beneath andon 2, 5 and 11
above large and prominent, reddish on 5 and 6, gray to light brown on the
other segments. Humps on 5 prominent. A broad broken yellowish
shade on under side of segments 4-8. Lilac on g-12. Anal plate and
legs ash-gray, rough. Spiracles black-ringed. At rest the thoracic
segments are drawn in, and segment 2, with its prominent row of tubercles,
forms a striking hump.

Larve matured July 25th. Length, 45-48 mm.

Pupa.—Head, thorax and ‘wing-cases blackish-brown, segments a
shade lighter, brown on the somites and blackish-satin in the intersections.
The surface is very rough. Six raised humps appear on the head, four
situated between base of the antenne and two slightly above. Anal
segment is smooth, glossy black above. Cremaster with a strong spine
dividing into two outwardly curved hooks, Three smaller curved spines
on each side.

The larvze formed a silk cocoon within and under moss in the breed-
ing cage.

Food-plant.— Quercus. Oak.

One male emerged on September 2nd. Normal dark form, with
nearly straight extradiscai lines in secondaries. The balance of the pupz
are laying over until spring.

124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LV. guernaria has interested me greatly, and I have tried different
times to secure ova. In almost every instance when a female was obtained,
we had unfavourable weather, and although I carried the female to
extensive forests, I failed to secure fertile eggs. My efforts at New
Brighton, Pa., again proved futile with a female secured about middle of
May. On May 31st a belated female was found and secured to a branch
of a bush leaning against anOak. The following morning several clusters
of eggs were found deposited on the bark of the tree, and these fortu-
nately proved fertile. |

I have invariably found newly-emerged specimens on or near Oak,
and this led me to offer it as the food. Wild Cherry also was provided as
an experiment, and the larvze fed on it, but seemed to prefer Oak, which was
used exclusively thereafter.

In my opinion there is considerable uncertainty about the specific
standing of AZacophora cupidaria, Grote. Several specimens, all males,
have been determined for local collectors as cupidaria. ‘These are all
males of guernaria, which is an extremely variable species in coloration as
well as structure of the extradiscal line in secondaries. ‘The late Dr.
Packard had one female of guernaria, and besides the copy of Grote’s
figure a poor male, which he presumed to be cufzdaria, when treating these
species in his Monograph. On page 412 he speaks of cupidarta possibly
being the male of guernaria, which I think is correct. The figure of
cupidaria in the Monograph Plate XI, fig. 5, is poor, as the left and right
sides do not correspond at all. I have seen about 40 specimens in the
local collections, and will briefly state the differences of the sexes of
guernaria : Male: Coloration mostly dark ; in rare exceptions specimens
occur where the costal area, collar: and front of thorax are white, corre-
sponding in this respect to the figure of cupidaria, cited above. The
extradiscal line in secondaries is usually straight, in some specimens more
or less angulated in the median area. Female: very variable, coloration
usually light, corresponding with the figure of guernarza, Plate XI, fig. 6,
in Packard’s Monograph. Some specimens were noted which have the
thorax brown and scarcely any white maculation on the wings. The line
in secondaries is strongly angulated in the majority, in some specimens
intermediate between these and the normally straight line of the male.
The transverse lines of the primaries do not vary much. In the dark
specimens of both sexes these lines are marked at the costa by irregular
patches.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125

NEW SPECIES OF DOLERIN.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

The writer has in preparation some synoptic tables of the eastern
species of Saw-flies. In this synoptic paper, it is not desirable to present
the descriptions of new species. This paper and some others to follow
later will include the descriptions of such new species as are to be included
there.

Dolerus parasericeus, nN. sp.— 9. Surface of the scutellar appendage
entirely smooth ; pectus with three longitudinal rows of large punctures ;
antennal furrows with their outer edges continued by an elevated area to
the eye ; head rounded off between the vertex and the occiput ; the post-
ocular area with fewer, smaller punctures than the sides of the vertex; the
scutellum and the inflexed portion of the lateral lobes of the mesonotum
with the punctuation similar in size and approximately similar in number
to the dorsal surface of the lateral lobes; body dull black; wings
infuscated, especially around the margins. Length, ro mm.

Habitat':. Ithaca, N.Y.

Dolerus neosericeus, n. sp.— 2. This species differs from the pre-
ceding in having the scutellum and inflexed portion of the mesonotum with
the punctuation larger and distinctly more numerous than on the dorsal
surface of the mesonotum ; antennal furrows behind the ocelli distinct and
sharply cut; upper orbits with an impunctate area ; median lobe of the
mesonotum distinctly, more densely punctured than the lateral lobes; body
dull black ; wings fuliginous. Length, 12 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y., and Mt. Katahdin, Maine (J. O. Martin).

Dolerus polysericeus, 0. sp.— 2. Pectus with three longitudinal rows
of large punctures ; antennal furrows not traceable below the lateral ocelli;
scutellum with fewer punctures than the lateral lobes of the mesonotum,
and its punctures twice their size ; postocular area more finely punctured
than the posterior orbits ; head with a carina between the occiput and the
posterior orbits ; body dull black ; wings infuscated. Length, 11 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.

Dolerus colosericeus, n. sp.— 2. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; pectus with three longitudinal rows of large punctures ; antennal
furrows not traceable below the lateral ocelli ; scutellum and lateral lobes

of the mesonotum uniformly punctured as to size and number ; vertex
April, 1908

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —

with a fine impunctate ridge extending from the hind end of the antennal
furrow to the hind margin of the eyes; an impunctate spot on the edge
of the head between the vertex and the occiput ; body uniformly black ;
wings fuliginous. Length, 14 mm. |

Habitat : St. Anthony Park, Minn. (R. H. Pettit).

Dolerus monosericeus, n. sp.— YQ. Surface of the scutellar
appendage smooth ; pectus with three rows of large punctures ; antennal
furrows obsolete below the lateral ocelli; scutellum and lateral lobes
uniformly punctured ; vertex uniformly convex between the antennal
furrows and the eyes; the vertex uniformly punctured ; median lobe of
the mesonotum uniformly, finely, densely punctured ; body black ; wings
fuliginous. Length, ro mm.

Habitat : West Springfield, Mass. (J. O. Martin).

Dolerus apriloides, n. sp.— 9. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; pectus with the punctures all uniform in size ; antennal furrows
broad and distinct to near the middle of the eyes ; the postocular area
with many fine punctures ; the posterior orbits with adjacent, large punc-
tures, surface subrugose ; impunctate area on the lateral surface of the
lateral lobes of the mesonotum not extending to the median lobes ; body
black, with abdominal segments one to five rufous; wings infuscated on
apical half. Length, 12 mm.

Habitat. Tthaced. N.Y:

Dolerus neoaprilis,n. sp.— GQ. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; median lobe of the mesonotum with larger, coarser punctures at
sides than at middle; pectus uniformly punctured; antennal furrows
indefinite, not continued below the lateral ocelli ; impunctate area on the
sides of the lateral lobes extending to the margin of the median lobe of
the mesonotum ; the postocular area and the posterior orbits finely
punctured, the postocular area the more densely ; body black, with
abdominal segments one to five rufous ; wings hyaline, smoky toward the
apex. Length, rz mm.

Habitat : Nebraska (F. Rauterberger).

Dolerus minusculus, n. sp.—@. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; mesonotum not with a band of larger punctures on each side of
the median lobe ; head with a distinct carina along the posterior margin
between the occiput and the vertex ; mesonotum with the median lobe

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127

densely punctured, the lateral lobes almost smooth ; body black, with the
collar, tegule, the legs beyond the middle of the coxz, and abdominal
segments one to five, rufous; the wings slightly infuscated. Length,

8 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N.Y:

Doterus luctatus, n. sp.— 2. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth; mesonotum not with a band of large punctures on each side of
the median lobe ; head with a distinct carina along the posterior margin
between the occiput and the vertex ; mesonotum with the median lobe
not more densely punctured than the lateral lobes ; body black, with the
pronotum in front irregularly, abdominal segments one to four, abdominal
segment five at base, apical half of the front coxe, the front femora and
tibiz, the middle and hind femora, except a black spot above at apex,
and the knees in part, rufous; tegule white; wings hyaline. Length,
8 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.

Dolerus neocollaris, n. sp.— ~ 2. Surface of the scutellar append-
age smooth; mesonotum with the median lobe uniformly punctured; head
not with a carina along the posteriar margin above ; antennal fovea linear,
definite, three times as long as broad; a transverse furrow extending
across the head between the eyes and behind the ocelli; head uniformly
punctured ; body black, with the pronotum entirely, the median lobe of
the mesonotum, and the upper half of the mesepimera, rufous ; wings
slightly infuscated. Length, 10 mm.

Habitat: Fulton, N. Y. (C. B. Crosby) ; Ithaca, N. Y.

Dolerus icterus, n. sp.—@. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth ; mesonotum with the median lobe uniformly punctured ; head
not with a carina along the posterior margin above ; antennal fovea
punctiform, shallow, hardly if at all longer than broad ; the transverse
furrow between the eyes and behind the ocelli wanting; body rufous, with
the head, the antenne, the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, the scutellum
at middle, the pectus, the saw-guides, the stigma on its outer half, and the
legs, except the knees of the front pair, black ; wings infuscated at
middle. Length, 9 mm.

Habitat : Saranac Inn, N. Y. (J. G. Needham).

Dolerus refugus, n. sp.— 2. Surface of the scutellar appendage
uniformly, finely punctured ; scutellum twice as densely punctured as

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the surface of the median lobe of the mesonotum; the postocular area
and the posterior orbits uniformly, closely punctured ; body black, with
the pronotum, the median lobe of the mesonotum, and the upper half of
the mesopleura, rufous; wings subhyaline, clouded at apex. Length,
12 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y/(]eiComstock) ; Lake Porestimiihag icc.
Needham).

Dolerus inspectus, nN. sp.— g. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate at middle and punctured at sides ; scutellum and
lateral lobes of the mesonotum uniformly punctured ; the postocular area
more finely and densely punctured than the posterior orbits ; the median
lobe of the mesonotum and the scutellum finely, densely punctured, the
lateral lobes smooth, with distinct punctures; body black, with the
abdominal segments one to five rufous; wings yellowish, veins black.
Length, 9 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).

Dolerus cohesus, n. sp.—?. Surface of the scutellar appendage
smooth at apex and striate at base; median lobe of the mesonotum
uniformly punctured ; antennal furrow extending from the occiput to the
clypeus ; vertex and postocular area differently punctured ; lateral lobes
of the mesonotum not so densely punctured as the median lobe or the
scutellum ; body black, with abdominal segments one to four, and the
tibize, at least on their basal half, rufous. Length, 7 mm. :

Habitat : Otto, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock), and West Springfield, Mass.
(J. O. Martin).

Dolerus conjugatus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes; head with the postocular area more densely
punctured than the sides of the vertex ; body black, with the knees and
the abdominal segments one to five, rufous ; the wings hyaline, the veins
black, the stigma paler below. Length, 8 mm.

Habitat: Otto, N. Y. (J. H. Comstock) ; Wellesley, “Mass. (GAvr:
Morse); Fulton, N. Y. (C. R. Crosby).

Dolerus dysporus, \. sp.—@. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate ; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129

hind angles of the eyes ; head with the postocular area and the sides of
the vertex uniformly, finely punctured ; body black, with the abdominal
segments one to five and the basal half of the sixth, rufous; the wings
hyaline, the veins and stigma black. Length, 10 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).

Dolerus plestus, n. sp.—?. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate ; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes ; head with a fine ridge extending from the edge
of the eye obliquely toward the occiput ; mesonotum with the impunctate
area on the sides of the lateral lobes not extending to the margin of the
median lobe ; the median lobe of the mesonotum more densely punctured
than the lateral lobes; body black, with the prothorax, tegule, and
abdominal segments four to five, rufous ; wings very slightly infuscated,
veins and stigma black. Length, 8 mm.

Habitat: Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. Needham).

Dolerus agetstus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
longitudinally striate; head viewed from above with a deep transverse
furrow, rounded at bottom, extending from the lateral ocelli to beyond the
hind angles of the eyes ; head without a fine ridge extending from the
eye toward the occiput; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the
sides of the lateral lobes extending broadly to the margin of the median
lobe; mesonotum finely, densely punctured; body black, with the prothorax,
tegule, median lobe of the mesonotum, upper half of the mesopleure, the
metapleure, and the abdomen, except the saw-guides, rufous; wings
infuscated, veins black. Length, 9 mm.

Habitat: Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. Needham), and Durham, N. H.
(W. & F.).

Dolerus stugnus, 0. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
transversely striate ; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the sides of
the lateral lobes almost entirely wanting, at least, always separated from
the median lobe by a narrow punctate area; head when viewed from above
with a transverse furrow extending across behind the eyes, interrupted by
an oblique ridge extending from the postocular area to the upper posterior
corner of the eyes ; lateral lobes of the mesonotum not so densely punc-
tured on the disk as at the sides ; body black, with the prothorax for the
most part, a spot on each side of the median lobe of the mesonotum, the

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—

tegule, the knees, and the abdominal segments one to five, rufous ; wings
yellowish hyaline, paler at base. Length, 10 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, N.Y.

Dolerus acritus, n. sp.—Q. Surface of the scutellar appendage
transversely striate ; mesonotum with the impunctate area on the sides of
the lateral lobes almost entirely wanting, at least, always separated from
the median lobe by a narrow punctate area; head when viewed from above
with a transverse furrow extending behind the eyes and ocelli, and without
a carina behind the eyes between the occiput and the posterior orbits ;
vertex adjacent to the postocular area with a small impunctate area; the
postocular area as densely punctured as the front ; median lobe of the
mesonotum not so densely punctured as the lateral lobes ; body black,
with the prothorax, tegule, median lobe of the mesonotum, except at
middle, and the abdominal segments one to five, rufous ; wings hyaline,
veins black, stigma rufous below. Length, 7 mm.

Habitat: McLean and Ithaca, N. Y.

Dolerus arvensis, Say.—This species, as has been pointed out be-
fore, is the female of Dolerus unicolor, Beauv.

THE CHRYSALIS OF EUCHLOE LANCEOLALA, BOISE:
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA.

The preparatory stages of but two of our species of Huchloe have
been entirely worked out. Genutia, Fab., is well known, and Prof. Shull
(Ent. News, March, 1907) has given us the life-history of o/ympza, Edw.
The later stages of awsonides have also been briefly described, and Mr.
E. J. Newcomer and myself have succeeded in working out its entire
history, as well as that of sara partially. The only reference to /anceolata
is by Mead,* in which he describes the mature larva, and makes a mention
of the pupa. Later, Beutenmiiller,t in his Revision of the genus, and
Holland (Butterfly Book, p. 285) have compiled short descriptions of the
larva, which appears to be similar to congeneric species, and with the usual
glandular hairs, lateral and longitudinal markings, feeding on the flowers
and buds, and later, the seed-pods of its food-plant. Mead’s reference to
the pupa is so meagre that I give it verbatim: ‘The chrysalis is some-
what larger than that of A. Ayantis, and the long palpi-case is bent

“Psyche, Ii; p; r7o;. 1878.
tBull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10, 236, 1898.
April, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. es &

backwards into a sickle shape, giving the pupa a remarkable appearance.”

Mr. F. X. Williams has kindly given me a pupa, with a description of the
larva, of a species of Huch/oe, and as the latter agrees so well with Mead’s,
and the pupa differs so radically from that of sara and ausonides (both of
which are known to me), I have no hesitation in referring the species to
lanceolata. ‘The curvature of the anterior portion of the chrysalis is
especially distinctive, and for this reason it can hardly be confused with.
either of the other species found in the same region. Mead says of this:
“In many particulars the pupa is not unlike that of Zerzas nicippe, and I
believe that this species is the nearest to Zeréas of all our Anthocharis.”
Besides the specimen given me, Mr. Williams has three or four others,
taken towards the middle of July in Shasta county, California, at an
elevation of about 2,000 feet. Careful breeding will probably eliminate a
_ number of our so-called species and varieties. Ste//a, thoosa, julia and

flora are probably synonyms of Reakirtii, Edw., and mollis, Wright, is the
same as sara, Boisd. Lanceolata is a very distinct species.

Chrysalis.{—Navicular, cylindrical, slender, the palpi-case much
curved, more so than in any species known to me, giving the pupa a semi-
lunar appearance; thickest in the middle and tapering gradually therefrom
to the extremities ; anterior end sharper than posterior, colour at first
green, changing to a very light wood-brown, very faintly streaked, and
with a few scattered black points ; tip of palpi-case somewhat blackish ; a
narrow median ventral line somewhat darker than the ground colour ;
lateral ridges concolorous ; incisures of segments whitish. Length, 19
mm.; width, about 5 mm.

Lanceolata is one of the first species to appear in the mountains,
where it ranges. Like others of the genus, it varies considerably,
especially in the density of the apical coloration and the size and form of
the discal bar. Northern specimens differ from southern in having the
auroral spot lighter, both above and below. Zamceo/ata ranges from
Mexico to Alaska, and is essentially a mountain flyer. The food-plants
are various species of Cruciferse, particularly a eee perfoliata, Turritis
glabra and Erysimum officinale.

{The pupz of Euchloe seem to be very variable as to colour, and also the
degree of curvature of the anterior portion. Mr. Williams tells me, however,
that his pupz are quite uniform. In 4. awsonides the chrysalis varies greatly in
the colour of the longitudinal stripes, and the tip of the palpi-case may berecurved
to a noticeable extent in some specimens, while in others the curve is only
moderate.

132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME. WINTER INSECTS.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

Some five or six years ago, on Lincoln’s birthday (February 12), my
friend, Mr. W. T. Davis, took me collecting in Staten Island, and the
CANADIAN Entomo.ocist published my little sketch of the day. Every
year since I have endeavoured to repeat my pleasant experience of that
occasion, but never have met with success. Again I tried this year, and.
in spite of the two weeks of excessive cold that preceded the holiday,
there were one or two things of interest to note :—

The day was bright, with a temperature at freezing or perhaps lower,
and snow was quite deep on the ground. It was a day for walking, and I
found myself wishing for snowshoes to go over the frozen crust. My
collecting grounds are all about ten minutes’ walk from my house in White
Plains. First I went to a swamp, mostly under water and now covered
with ice, but found nothing. Walking along the aqueduct, I kept on the
look-out for likely-looking trees, but found none that gave results. Finally
the Bronx River was reached, and in a field through which it runs, many
specimens of the little Perlid, Capua necyda/oides, were found crawling
actively about on the snow. Some had wandered out of the sunshine and
were quite torpid, but others were very agile and endeavoured to hide
under the snow crystals to avoid capture. Here also were taken a couple
of undetermined gnats which were crawling over the snow. On my way
home I came across two sycamores, and under the flakes of loose bark
took a dozen or so Corythuca ciliata. In the afternoon, during a’walk, I
noticed a dead and peeling sapling from which on one or two other occa-
sions I had removed a part of the bark with satisfactory results. Again I
tried it, and to my satisfaction found in a part of the unbarked portion of
the branches a nice series of the Aradid, Aneurus Fisket, Heid. I found
not only the adult, but also the ova and nymphs in several stages.

This was indeeda very different day from the other, but on the whole
it was not very disappointing, considering the desultory nature of my col-
lecting. The capture of Aneurus Fisket alone was sufficient to make it
noteworthy.

The Thirty-eighth Annual Report of the Entomological Society of
Ontario, 1907, has recently been issued and distributed by the Department
of Agriculture at Toronto to all our subscribers who have paid up their
dues for the current year. Among the important papers may be men-
tioned Mr. Jarvis’s List of the Scale Insects of Ontario, and Dr. Fletcher’s
Entomological Record for 1907.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

THE SPECIES OF TORNOS, MORR.
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

In 1887 Dr. Hulst described (Ent. Amer., Vol. II, pp. 192 and 210)
five species under this genus, vis.: candidarius ; robiginosus, Mor., var.
cinctarius; robiginosus, Mor., var. abjectarius; dissociarius, and inco-
priarius. The first named is a Noctuid ; the second is a valid species ;
the third has recently been placed as a synonym of scolopacinaria, Guen.,
in an article by Mr. J. A. Grossbeck (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 32, p.
342), where it most assuredly belongs ; the fourth was made the type of
Hlolochroa, Hulst (Dyar, 3,821); and the fifth was in some strange manner
incorporated with G/aucina (Dyar, 3,820). In describing var. cincfarius,
Dr. Hulst gives no alar expanse, no sex, nor locality. Three examples of
it have long been known to me, one in the Hulst coll. at N. B., the type,
so labelled, from Florida ; one in the Bklyn. Inst., through the Graef.
coll., from Georgia; and one taken by me at Orlando, Florida, iv, 3, 1899;
all females. At that time I was confident the species was entirely distinct,
and this view has since been expressed by Dr. Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. of
Wash., Vol. 6, p. 225), but I have waited several years to make certain of
it, by an examination of the male sex. Recently, through the kindness of
Mrs. A. T. Slosson, I was permitted to examine her Geometrid captures
in Florida, and among them were two females and one male of this species.
It is easily separated from scolopacinaria, which is also taken there, by its
large size, stouter form, broad wings, in colour a deep mahogany-red when
fresh, fading into a deep reddish-brown. With the black cross lines of
both wings sharply defined except the intradiscal on fore wings, which
after touching discal dot fades out toward inner margin. ‘The discal dots
on fore wings are two to three times larger, and the plumes with which
they are ornamented much longer, so that they wave about with the
slightest movement. The ¢ antenne are heavier. The extradiscal line
is outwardly edged with a fine border of white scales. In my specimen
the basal and extradiscal curved lines on hind wings are both sharply
defined, and the large oval discal spot, not ornamented with plumes as on
fore wings, is pupilled with a few white scales. Expanse, 30 mm.

Type: ¢ inthe coll. of Mrs. A. T. Slosson.

The above comparative description, amplifying that of Dr. Hulst,
applies to both sexes.

The type of (Glaucina) cacopriartus, Hulst, passed, with the

Neumogen coll., to the Brooklyn Inst. It is nearly related to Dez/enea,
April, 1908

134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

but far removed from G/aucina. Jncopriarius is represented in the Hulst
coll. at N. B. by a species which Dr. Dyar has forestalled me in describing
under the name of evrovarza (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 15, p. 106).
The type of éwcopriarius is identical with, so far as I can discern, the
mutilated, badly-worn type in the Hulst coll. at N. B., representing
Aethyctera lineata, Hulst. Mr. Grossbeck refers to this species (loc. cit.,
page 341) as being represented by a false type, but this was a “slip of the
pen.” Perhaps Dr. Barnes, from whom Hulst’s specimens came, may
have better ones, upon which a definite opinion might be based. Inci-
dentally, I would call attention to the persistent misspelling of Morrison’s
name, rodiginosus, by all writers, from Packard, in 1876, to the present
time. The species of Zormos, Mor., should stand :
scolopacinaria, Guen.
= robiginosus, Mor.
= abjectarius, Hulst.
cinctarius, Hulst.

BOOK NOTICES.

Fauna HawaltiENsIs, or the Zoology of the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Isles,
Volume I, Part V, Microlepidoptera. By the Right Hon. Lord
Walsingham: The University Press, Cambridge, 1907. (Price eighty
shillings.)

This long-promised part of the Hawna Hawaiiensis, dealing with the
Microlepidoptera of the islands, by Lord Walsingham, is now before the
writer in a highly-prized complimentary copy.

Together with Edw. Meyrick’s JJacrolepidoptera (1899), it forms a
monumental work on the Lepidopterous fauna of the Sandwich Isles, well
worthy of the learned authors. ‘The two volumes afford a comprehensive
and authoritative key to the knowledge of this fauna, and they will ever
remain indispensable classics, even though further collecting will undoubt-
edly add considerably to the number of species known from the islands,
especially among the Micros.*

*A material increase may particularly be expected in the more minute
Tineidze, which are scantily represented in the present work; thus, only two
species of Gracilaria are described, and the genus Zithocolletis is totally absent.
In U. S. National Museum is a series of Lithocolletis (near Bethuniella, Cham-
bers), bred in Hawaii from Lantana, supposed to have been introduced from
Mexico.

April, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135

The present volume, which contains 300 quarto pages and 16 coloured
plates, covers the Pterophorina, Orneodina and Tineina, and deals with
441 species, of which all but 35 are described for the first time.

These 441 species are distributed among only 62 genera,f confirming
the theory, advanced by Meyrick, that the peculiar topographical condi-
tions of the islands, with their numerous separate valleys, are highly
favourable to specific differentiation, while the very limited area and the
consequent uniform climatic conditions have not tended to increase
correspondingly the originally limited number of genera.

The great majority (420) of these species and 26 of the genera are
endemic to the islands. ‘These endemic species on the whole indicate
Australian rather than Asiatic or American origin of the fauna, though the
total absence of Oecophoride (a single introduced species excepted) is
remarkable, that being the most abundantly-represented family in the
Australian region. |

The remaining 21 apodemic species are mostly of wide distribution,
including the cabbage moth, //uzella maculipennis; the tobacco and potato
moth, PAthorimea operculetla, and the sweet potato and /pomea, Miner,
Bedellia somnulentella, besides more or less domestic species of Exdrosis,
Monopts, Tinea and Setomorpha.

The synonymy of one of these, Setomorpha rutel/a, Feller | evidently
but lately realized by Lord Walsingham, as it is only stated in the table of
distribution (page 754), and there in correction of that shown under the
genus in the body of the work (page 726)], is of decided interest, and will
necessitate the change of the name, hitherto used for the American
specimens. Lord Walsingham recognizes as but one cosmopolitan species
the original type of the genus, rwfe//a, Feller, from Africa ; dryas, Butler,
from Hawaii ; opferose//a, Feller, with its synonyms as determinéd by the
writer, from America ; corticine//a, Snellen, from Celebes ; and discipunc-
tella, Rebel, from the Canary Islands. I have long suspected this to be
the case, and heartily approve of the synonymy. A series of moths clearly
determinable as corticine//a, Snellen, was bred by the writer in 1906 from
a collection of pinned Philippine insects, which was received from Manila,
and which was totally destroyed by the larve of the Sefomorpha. This
series, including both sexes, can not be distinguished from typical speci-
mens of oferosella, Feller, from Texas.

+This number must, however, be somewhat enlarged, as explained in the
following.

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

All the genera and species are described in the careful manner
characteristic of the author, and the recognition of the species is further;
ereatly facilitated by the very excellent colored plates, representing every
species. It was a joy to the writer to be able to name, without any diffr
culty, a dozen species from the National Museum’s Hawaiian collection in,
as many minutes.

With all this acknowledged, it seems hypercritical to require more ;
yet another plate, giving delineations of the venation of all the genera,
would have been a valuable addition. Not that the genera may not be.
recognized from the very perfect descriptions, but in any eventual re-
arrangement of the genera, or in comparative studies with others of other
faunas, where minute details, at present not reckoned with, may have to be
relied on, such a plate of careful figures of the venations would have been,
exceedingly valuable to the student who has not access to a good Ha-
waiian collection.

One striking example of this need of structural figures is the genus
Aristotelia, of which one is surprised to find, that Lord Walsingham
has retained the same abstract idea as in his West Indian paper of 10
years ago (Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897, page 63), notwithstanding
subsequent revisional work in that group. With this originally monotypi-
cal genus, which has been limited by Meyrick and the writer to the
species agreeing in venation with the type, decurte/la, Hubner, Lord
Walsingham continues to associate quite different forms. While this may
not be of much importance ia the case of such closely-related genera as.
Chrysopora, Clemens (Vomia, Clemens ; Afannodia, Heinemann), it is
decidedly mischievous with a genus like Zvagora, Clemens, which belongs
to a very different group. In this genus, A7éstote/ia (Walsingham), figures
of the venation, or at least a statement of it under each species, would
have greatly facilitated a revision, which must in time take place, as
even the coloured figures plainly show that the included species can not be
congeneric.

Lord Walsingham’s arrangement of the genera in families presents
some interesting new departures.

The hitherto generally accepted family, Xyloryctide, is absorbed
without even a group name among the Ge/echitde, probably through
sound reasoning, but without any presented argumentation. To the writer
it would seem expedient to retain this admittedly natural group, at least

as a sub-family, with the position of vein 2 in the fore wing as the dis-
tinguishing character.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

The hitherto universally-accepted family, AZachistide, Lord Walsing-
ham finds inseparable from the //yfonomeutide, through the knowledge of
intergrading Hawaiian forms. While agreeing that any divisions which
cannot be well defined should be avoided as inexpedient, though not
necessarily unnatural, the writer is not quite prepared for this radical
move, and ventures to suggest that the final solution of this question has
not been reached, and may be found, rather, in other limits being drawn,
than in no limits between the two families.

In the Hyponomeutide, Lord Walsingham further places Blastobasis
and Lndrosis, though he has himself, within the last year, elucidated the
family L/astobaside by a generic table, in which he included both these
genera (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX XIII, page 200, 1907).

No reasons are advanced for this change of view, and it can only
be explained on the supposition that this part of the work had been
written some years ago, and has not been brought up to the author’s
present conception. The AZastobaside, in the absence of proof to the
contrary, should be retained as a natural and easily - defined family,
characterized mainly by the peculiar venation of the forewing.

The genus £zdrosis, however, does not, in the writer’s opinion,
belong to this family,* but to the @cophorida, near Borkhausenia.

After these radical reductions in the number of families, Lord Wal-
singham, on the other hand, promotes to family rank the Carfosinide,
as suggested by the writer (Journ. N, Y. Ent. Soc., XV, p. 35, 1907), in
which he presumably will include the Praloniine as a sub-family. With
equal propriety he retains the Olethreutine and the Zortricine under one
family heading, Zortricide.

He adheres to the idea, which he originated, of placing these fami-
lies between, rather than in front of, the other families of the Z7ne7na,
which seems the more warranted in view of Meyrick’s recent intermediate
family, CAlidanotide (Journ. Bom. Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, page 412,
1906); but it must be kept in mindthat the Zortricide are a terminal
branch, from which no other family has developed. The writer regrets

*Nor does Arctoscelis, Meyrick. In his generic table, above-mentioned,
Lord Walsingham differentiates these two genera on the character: no anten-
nal pecten, a character which, if true, aione would tend to eliminate them from
the family ; Evxdrosis, however, possesses a very strongly-developed pecten.

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

one single feature in this masterful work, namely, the erection of genera
(Ptychotrix, Catamempsts ) on secondary sexual characters alone, and this
in spite of His Lordship’s own statement in his remarks (page 738-9),
that such characters are of very doubtful value, and especially so in the
Hawaiian fauna, where the most embarrassing plasticity of such characters
prevails. Undoubtedly, other sounder structural characters, common to
both sexes, could have been found, or if not, the genera are, in the writer’s
judgment, not justified. To him it seems essential, for a sound appre-
ciation of the natural grouping of the A/7crolepidoptera, that we get away
altogether from these superficial characters, however tempting, and rely
solely on the more subtle but dependable internal modifications presented
in the venation.

In his discussion of the variability of the secondary sexual characters,
Lord Walsingham also comments on the variability in the Hawaiian fauna
of certain other, normally dependable, generic characters. Some of these
the writer is not able to discuss without a more extended study of
the fauna than is at present possible; but the one case of instability
of venation (in Dip/osara, Meyrick, pages 646-7), appears to be nothing
more than might be expected, or than is found in other unspecialized
genera (a similar case is Monopis) ; these conditions do not in the ieast
lessen the value of the venation as a dependable character, only the same
importance must not be given to certain fluctuations in generalized
families, such as the Zzmezde and Hyponomeutide, as would be warranted
in more crystallized families, such as the Ge/echitde or Qicophoride.

The few dissenting opinions on certain details that may be found in
the above notes do not detract from the fullest general appreciation of
Lord Walsingham’s excellent work. It has been an enormous and very
difficult study, and he is to be sincerely congratulated on the result, which
casts great credit on the author and on his valuable assistant; Mr. J.
Hartley Durrant, whose important share in the work is liberally credited
by Lord Walsingham.—Aucust Busck.

JOURNAL OF Economic ENTOMOLOGY: Official organ of the Association
of Economic Entomologists. Concord, N. H. Volume I, No. I.
February, 1908.

We are glad to welcome this first number of a new serial publication
devoted to Economic Entomology. Since its formation, twenty years ago,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139

the Association has depended upon the Department of Agriculture at
Washington for the publication of its proceedings, in the form of an
annual Bulletin. Some inconvenience was experienced owing to the
unavoidable delay in the appearance of some of the papers, which were
of immediate importance. To obviate this difficulty, and also to provide
a magazine for the early publication of original observations made by
workers in all departments of Economic Entomology, this Journal has
been established. It is to be issued bi-monthly, beginning with February
of the current year. It is hoped that not only all Entomologists will —
support the venture by their subscriptions, but also fruit-growers, nursery-
men, horticulturists and all others in any way interested in the depreda-
tions of insects.

The number before us contains the first instalment of the papers read
at the recent Chicago meeting of the Association, as well as a report of
its proceedings. The eighty pages include some very interesting contri-
butions, among which may be mentioned: Mr. Wilmon Newell’s Notes on
the Habits of the Argentine, or ‘New Orleans” Ant; Mr. W. A.
Hooker’s papers on the Life-history, &c., of the Ixoidea, and the Role of
Ticks in the Transmission of Disease ; and Mr. W. D. Hunter’s discus-
sion of the effects of temperature on the incubation of eggs of Alargaro-
pus annulatus. The magazine is edited by Dr. E. Porter Felt, State
Entomologist, Albany, N. Y., with Mr. A. F. Burgess, Bureau of Ento-
mology, Washington, as Asscciate Editor, and an advisory board con-
sisting of Drs. Howard, Fletcher, H. T. Fernald, Forbes, Morgan and
Osborn. The subscription for non-members of the Association is two
dollars per annum, which should be sent to the Business Manager, Prof.
E. Dwight Sanderson, Durham, N. H.

BULLETIN OF THE BritisH CoLuMBIA ENTOMOLOGICAL Society: Edited
by R. V. Harvey, M. A., Victoria, B. C. No. 8. December, 1907.
This number contains a list of the Syrphide of British Columbia, by
Prof. R. C. Osburn, and a continuation of Mr. Harvey’s Notes on Noc-
tuide, treating of five species of Autographa. This little quarterly always
contains some valuable and interesting matter, and must be of great assist-
ance to Entomologists in the Pacific province.

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES.

While in search of beetles last June, one of my companions drew
attention to a colony of large black ants in a decayed pine stump. We
noticed a great many minute yellow creatures running unmolested among
the ants. Examination proved them to be Staphylinids, which I thought
were of the genus Atemeles, and afterwards they were identified as such.
We have been unable to learn the species as yet. The beetle is about an
eighth of an inch long, and the abdomen, which is always held erect,
bears a peculiar depression on the upper side in such a way as to leave a
distinct ledge around the edge. Shortly afterwards we found one of the
same species in a spider’s web. On July 15th I was surprised to see
Cicada tibicen with its proboscis buried in a squash bug, Anasa tristis.
This was my first intimation that the Cicada might feed on. anima!
matter.—ERic MONTIZAMBERT, Port Hope.

We regret to record the death, at the age of seventy-six, of Dr. H.
GuarpD Knaccs, F. L. S., an English Entomologist of note, which took
place on the 16th of January. He was the author of many contributions
to entomological literature, among the most widely known of which is his
“Lepidopterist’s Guide,” a third edition having been published a few years
ago. This is a popular work, containing instructions for collecting, rearing
and preserving Butterflies and Moths for the use especially of the young
collector.

THE Lake LABORATORY maintained by the Ohio State University
announces the usual programme for the coming summer, including courses

in General Zoology and Botany, Entomology, Ornithology, Experimental
Zoology, Comparative Anatomy, Ecology, Embryology, Invertebrate
Morphology and Ichthyology ; also opportunities for research work and
accommodations for investigators as in previous years. The opportunities
offered are especially good for Entomology and for fresh-water conditions,
and special attention is given to the aquatic life of the locality. Oppor-
tunities for research work in these directions are very favourable.
Independent investigators are given the use of tables free of charge, but
are expected to furnish their own microscopes and other apparatus. The
locality is an excellent one for summer work, the laboratory being situated
on the point separating Sandusky Bay from Lake Erie, with its frontage on
a fine beach. For circulars or information address the Director, Professor
Herbert Osborn, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Mailed April 6th, 1908.

The anattian Lantomologist |

VoL. XL. LONDON, MAY, 1908. No. 5.

Yr th AND TYPICAES
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

These terms are used in such different senses by different authors
that confusion is sometimes caused, and it is much to be desired that some
authoritative body of naturalisis should accurately define their proper use,
and then that alt other naturalists should accept the decision and conform
to it even if it does not agree with their own individual opinions.

My thoughts have been recently turned in this direction by reading
the Annual Presidential Address of Mr. Charles Owen Waterhouse, read
before the Entomological Society of London on the rsth of January last.

In his address Mr. Waterhouse urges, and in my opinion rightly, that
accuracy and stability of nomenclature are of more importance than the
observance of the strict letter of the law of priority, but we differ in our
views as to the use of the word type.

Mr. Waterhouse urges, as others have done, that there should be only
one type specimen for each species, and that that type specimen should
be the standard for all time, while I hold that a species should never be
founded upon one specimen where that can be avoided.

We agree, however, in regarding the preservation of type specimens
as of the greatest importance.

Mr. Waterhouse, pointing out the different ways in which different
authors use the word type, especially mentioning that some regard all the
specimens which they had before them when describing a new species as
types, and distribute them as such, says: ‘“‘Some thirty-five years ago I
saw the danger arising from this loose way of using the word, and applied
the word “type” to the actual specimen described when that could be
determined, and called the other examples, mentioned by an author,
‘co-types.’ Some years afterwards my colleague, Mr. Oldfield Thomas,
proposed (P. Z. S., 1893, p. 242) the terms para-type, topo-type and meta-
type, and all these are useful in their way, but we are both agreed that the
word type should be restricted to the actual specimen upon which the
species is founded.”

*Read before the Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
Feb. 8th, 1908.

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Another similar term, viz., homo-type, has also been proposed, but it
may, perhaps, be objected to all these terms except co-type, the meaning
of which might seem to be sufficiently obvious, that a glossary is necessary
to explain them, and even the word co-type seems to be used in different

ways, as Dr. J. B. Smith, in his “Explanation of terms .used in
Entomology,” explains the word as follows : |

‘“‘Co-types are all the specimens before the describer when a species
is named, no single one being selected as the type ; the type in such case
equals the sum of the co-types.”

This is using the word in a different sense from that in which Mr.
Waterhouse and others use it, but it is the sense in which Mr. Oldfield
Thomas defined it, Proc. Zoo. Soc., 1893, he adding: ‘‘No species would
have both type and co-types, but either the former or two or more of the
latter.”

Para-type is defined by Dr. Smith as ‘‘ every specimen of the series
from which the type was selected,” and it is in that sense that Mr. Water-
house and others use the term co-type.

Meta-type is defined by Dr. Smith as ‘‘a specimen named by the
author after comparison with the type,’ but according to Mr. Oldfield
Thomas, it must also be from the original locality, and so also be a topo-
type.

Homo-type, on the other hand, is ‘‘a specimen named by another
than the author after comparison with the type,” and topo-type is “‘a

specimen. collected in the exact locality whence the original type was
obtained.”

It always appears to me that any unnecessary addition to the already
vast number of technical terms is to be deprecated, as imposing an
additional burden upon amateurs and beginners, and it would seem to be
simpler to label a specimen “compared with. type” than to label it
‘‘homo-type,” and when a specimen is compared with a type by anyone
other than the owner of the specimen, the name of the comparer should
be put on the label, as the value of such comparison is directly in propor-
tion to the ability of the one who makes it. My objection to having a
single type, when additional specimens, which are undoubtedly of the same
species, are available, is that in the former case a specimen is described
instead of a species. 3

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143

One good specimen of a coin is sufficient for description, but insects
are not stamped from dies like coins, and all species vary more or less,
and if an author has before him a fair representation of the range of
variation of the species, his description can be made to much better cover
the species than if drawn up from a single specimen. Of course, it is of
the greatest importance that all danger of having more than one species in
the series selected be avoided, but even should such an error be made,
the plan which I have adopted would work automatically to establish the
species intended. My plan is to number all the types. The best, and
what I believe to be the most typical ¢, I name type No. 1, and the best
and most typical 2 type No. 2. The others are numbered consecutively,
as far as possible, according to their closeness to type No. 1. Should,
unfortunately, another species be discovered among the types, it must be
given a new name, type No. 1 being the final standard for the species.
Should type No. 1 be unfortunately destroyed, type No. 2 would then
become the final standard.

When a species is very distinct and not very closely allied to any
other species, types of any kind are of minor importance, as, for instance,
in the case of such a species as Vanessa Antiopa, the preservation of the
type would be of no consequence beyond the interest necessarily attaching
to a specimen described by the great Linnzus.

When the type of a species has been lost or destroyed, a topo-type
might be of great importance in re-establishing the species.

In the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1862, Mr. W. H. Edwards
described a species under the name of Lycena Pembina. The types were
brought from the shores of Lake Winnipeg by R. W. Kennicott. Unfor-
tunately, the types were afterwards lost, and Mr. Edwards could not
afterwards certainly identify anything as the same. Strecker thought he
had identified it with the species later described by Grote under the name
Glaucopsyche Coupert, but he afterwards admitted his error, and in his
catalogue designated it as unknown to him. Scudder thought, after a
“prolonged study ” of all the N. A. Blues, that it was the same as Lycena
Lycea, Edw., of which Z. Arapahoe, Reak., is accounted a synonym, but
that also proved erroneous. In such a case as that, topo-types would be
exceedingly valuable, and should render it possible to clear up the mystery
surrounding the name.

144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I now come to the consideration of the word Typical. This naturally
means agreeing with the type, but what type? The author’s type from
which he described the species, or a specimen agreeing with the general
average of the species in nature? Surely it should be used in the latter
sense, which is the common every-day sense of the term. Some species
have unfortunately been described from aberrant specimens, but it is
surely absurd to call an aberrant specimen typical of the species ?

In 1863 Grote described in the Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, a species of
Tiger moth under the name Arctia Anna, the hind wings and abdomen
being entirely black. Three months later he described in the same
volume what he considered to be another species, under the name Arctia
Persephone, in which the hind wings were yellow, with black markings,
both specimens having been received from the same collector. Later it
was found that they were only varieties of the same species, and though
Anna is very rare, that name is given to the species, while Persephone, the
common form, which probably outnumbers the 4Avma form fifty to one, 1s
classed as a variety. Surely that is unnatural and ridiculous ?

What difference could it make to Mr. Grote’s credit whether we write

Arctia Anna, Grote, Arctia Persephone, Grote,
var. Persephone, Grote, or var. Anna, Grote?

While the first represents a foolish worship of the Law of Priority,
the second shows the true relationship in Nature. Even had they been
described by different authors, I would follow the same practice, as it
would make no difference to the authors, while it would make the nomen-
clature agree with nature. ;

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN BEES.
BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

The genus /Vomza doubtless originated in the Old World, where it is
abundant and varied. In America it has few species, though one (JV.
Jenseni, Friese) exists as far south as the Argentine. The genus may
perhaps have reached America about the same time (and doubtless by the
same route) as the Elephantide.

Nomia ekuivensts, sp. nov.

gd -—Length about 8% mm., anterior wing 6; black, with a strongly

clavate abdomen ; pubescence dull white (not at all fulvous or yellow) ;
May, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 145

head large and broad; front and vertex dull and rough; face covered
with hair ; mandibles dark; antennz dark, flagellum with a ferruginous
streak at base beneath ; palpi dark ; tongue rather short, dagger-shaped ;
mesothorax shining, with strong and mostly wellseparated punctures ;
scutellum prominent but not bigibbous, very shiny, with sparse punctures;
area of metathorax plicate basally ; tegule of ordinary size, rufo-
piceous ; wings strongly infuscated in the apical field, iridescent, nervures
and stigma piceous; second s. m. nearly square, but a little oblique,
receiving the first r. n. at or very slightly beyond its middle ; third
s. m. large, scarcely shorter than first : legs black, slender, tarsi brown,
the hind ones quite pallid; hind legs not modified ; abdomen shining,
finely punctured, hind margins of segments depressed and with thin
hair-bands ; most of fourth ventral segment depressed and covered with
hair.

Hab.—FEkuiva Valley, W. Africa, 1907 (Wellman). N. producta,
Smith, from Natal, and JV. andrei, Vachal, from the French Congo, also
have a claviform abdomen. ‘The following table separates the males :

Clypeus greatly produced ; first r. n. joming second t. c...producta, Sm.*

erie MOL ae aoe cient ie sists. ia bre ce a aha heer ia op Magn eae mr
Fr. Head and mesothorax sculptured alike ....52..0.%.....<dndret, Vach.
Head and mesothorax sculptured quite differently ....ekuzvensts, Ckll.

Nomia Welwitschi, sp. nov.

4, 9.—Length about romm., black, the head and thorax with dense,
coarse pubescence, strongly ochreous on thorax above, otherwise pallid ;
wings strongly and broadly infuscated apically; hind margins of abdominal
segments broadly whitish or reddish, with hair-bands.

¢ .—Head broad ; orbits converging below ; face broad, very hairy ;
antennz dark, ordinary, flagellum dull red beneath; vertex with rough,
dense sculpture; mesothorax very densely rugosopunctate ; scutellum
normal, rugosopunctate and dull; metathorax with a subbasal ridge,
above which is a narrow (almost linear) area, which is shining and some-
what plicatulate ; tegulz ordinary, piceous, pallid in front ; wings reddish
*Since writing the above, I have determined that Noma producta, Smith
(Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875), is not a Nomia at all, but a Zhrinchostoma. For the
venational characters, see Ckll., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXXI, p. 322. The

name producta was earlier used for a different 7hrinchostoma, so the Nomia pro-
ducta, Sm., may be known as 7hrinchostoma nomieformtis, n. n.

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

subhyaline, the apical region with a dark cloud; nervures and stigma
dark, stigma small; second s. m. broad, receiving first r. n. beyond the
middle ; legs red, the coxee and trochanters black, and the femora black
above; anterior tarsi fringed with long hair; middle femora short
and rather swollen, very shiny ; hind femora greatly incrassated, concave
beneath, with a sharp tooth on inner side beyond the middle ; hind tibize
enlarged, subtriangular, with a broad, blunt, apical lamina, but no tooth
on inner side ; abdomen broad, with hair-bands on all the segments, apex
rounded, bright ferruginous.

oh!

Hab.—Ekuiva Valley, W. Africa, 2 ¢’s, 1 9, 1907, one of the males

Legs black ; abdominal bands golden-fulvous.

at flowers of Geigeria (Wellman). The species is named _ after
Welwitsch, the well-known African traveller, who collected bees in Angola
many years ago. By the clouded wings and other characters this closely
resembles JV. nubecula, Smith, from Sierra Leone, but it differs from
nubecula by the dark mandibles (only slightly ferruginous in the middle),
the dark scape, the form of the scutellum, the dark tegule, etc. The
face is broad, whereas in WV. nubecula (of Ckil,,- Trans. Am: Ent Sec,
XXXI, p. 322) it is narrow. In the form of the hind legs VW. Welwitschi
resembles JV. pate/lifera, Westw., except that the tibial process is shorter
and blunter.
LNomia Wellmant, sp. nov.

2 .—Length ro mm. or a little less, robust, black, the apex of the
abdomen covered with shining orange-ferruginous hair, and the hind
margins of the third to fifth segments with broad hair-bands of the same
colour, that on the fifth dense, those on the other two paler and thinner,
very thin on middle of third ; a little of the same hair at sides of second
segment ; all this giving an appearance just like that of the Australian /V.
australica, Smith, as seen from a little distance.

Head and thorax very densely rugosopunctate; face very broad, rather
thinly covered with coarse whitish hair ; antenne black, flagellum more or
less red beneath; mandibles black, with long golden hairs beneath ;
tongue rather long, linear ; labial palpi elongated, with the first joint
longer than the other three united; maxillary palpi slender; thorax with
coarse, dull white hair ; tegule ordinary, shining piceous, whitish in front;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

scutellum and postscutellum ordinary ; metathorax with a transverse
subbasal ridge, very prominent, enclosing a band-like shining area which
is more or less plicate ; legs black, the tarsi (especially the hind tarsi)
broad ; anterior basitarsi, and apex of their tibiz, with orange hair; apex
of hind basitarsus fringed with bright orange hair ; base of hind basitarsus
above ferruginous ; abdomen broad, densely punctured ; wings dusky, the
apical margin broadly darker ; stigma ferruginous, nervures rather pale
brown: marginal cell very obtuse at apex; second s. m. very broad,
receiving first r. n. beyond its middle.

/fab.— Hinterland of Benguella, W. Africa, Jan. 3, 1908, taken with
many other bees at a patch of flowering Composite, Ofhonna and
Geigeria spp. (Wellman). This species is not truly congeneric with such
forms as JV. ekuivensis, but I should prefer to examine a larger series of
the African species commonly assigned to MWomdéa before proposing any
segregated genera.

Nomia Bakeri, Ckll., 1898.

This species was described from the male only. A female was taken
by Mr. S. A. Rohwer at Boulder, Colorado, Sept. 16, 1907. It agrees with
the male, except in the usual sexual characters ; the tibiz and tarsi are
entirely clear ferruginous, with yellowish-white hair, The sixth abdominal
segment is clothed in the middle with appressed bright orange-ferruginous
hair. The wings are very yellow, with the apical margin broadly
infuscated. ;

Calliopsis coloradensis, Cresson, 1878.

¢ .—Length, 8 mm.; black, with abundant white pubescence ; face,
knees, tibiz and tarsi lemon-yellow, the small apical joints of the tarsi
ferruginous. The abdomen is broad and flattish, like that of a female ;
the hind margins of the segments are rather broadly hyaline, with thin
white hair-bands. Head broad ; eyes green; labrum yellow, prominent,
concave, with a central dark spot; mandibles yellow except apically ;
supraclypeal and dog-ear marks present; lateral face-marks large,
extending above level of supraclypeal mark, ending in an acute angle on
the orbital margin: scape yellow in front ; flagellum ferruginous beneath ;
prothorax yellow above; tubercles dark ; wings clear, nervures and
stigma ferruginous ; anterior femora with the apical half in front yellow;

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

anterior and middle tibize with a black spot behind, but Aid tibie
wholly yellow. Closely related to C. andreniformis, Smith, but much
larger, with a much broader face, and the femora mainly black. It is also
very much larger and broader-faced than C. rhodophilus, Ckll.

Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Grindedia perennis, Nelson, August
(S. A. Rohwer ).

Cresson’s description of the male of this species is very short, but I |
think there is no doubt about the identity of our insect. There is in this
group a curious sexual difference in the first abdominal segment, which is
much more closely and minutely punctured in the males than in the
females.

C. chlorops, Ckll., was based on a male of this group, easily dis-
tinguished from co/oradensis by the colour of the legs and the smaller size.
C. coloratipes (Ckll.) is very like chlorops,-but the eyes in both sexes have
a sort of purple colour, instead of the characteristic green of chlorops and
coloradensis. The species common at Phcenix, Arizona, at flowers of
Composite (Heterotheca, etc.) hitherto regarded as co/oratipes, has green
eyes, and must be associated with chlorops, though, perhaps, racially
separable. A male from Florissant, Colorado, at first referred to
coloradensis, proves to be chlorops. ‘Two females from Soledad Canon,
Organ Mts., New Mexico, (C. H. TZ. Zownsend), belong to chlorops,
resembling the Arizona form. The females of co/oratipes, and also those
of the Arizona form of chlorops (in each case taken in copula with the
males), have the light dog-ear marks on the face, which are wanting in
coloradensts ¢. The more northern and typical ch/ovops, however, seems
to have a female without these marks ; and at present I do not know how
to separate this from coloradensis. There is just a possibility, perhaps,
that coloradensis was founded on females of chlorops and males of the
Boulder species described above.

A female whicn I collected at Rinconada, New Mexico, at a tall
species of Chrysothamnus, Sept. 26, represents an intrusion of the
southern type into northern New Mexico, up the Rio Grande Valley. It
has the dog-ear marks very well developed ; and the lateral marks are
peculiar, being broad and obliquely truncate above, with a linear upward

extension quite distinct from the truncation. This may represent a
distinct local race.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149

FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA.

(The numbers refer to my list previously published in this magazine.)

1. Danais archippus, Fabr.—Both Mr. Willing and Mr. Gregson
inform me that there can be no doubt that the species breeds here. It is
not likely, however, that it survives the winter in any stage.

[3a. Argynnis leto, Behr.—I have had a few specimens sent me as
this species from Utah and Idaho. The males differ from eastern cyde/le
mainly in being less heavily marked with black, especially in the outer
row of round spots in the interspaces, with a distinct tendency towards
the gradual obliteration of all markings near the apex, and in having
smaller metallic spots beneath. My only female of these is pale straw
instead of pale red as in typical cyde/e, and both sexes agree well with
Holland’s figures. Some Calgary specimens taken since my last list was
published closely approximate these, though I cannot see that they are
superficially separable from the local cyde/e, as they appear to grade
through. My only local female of either, taken in cop. with one of the
most intermediate males, is considerably paler in colour than eastern
females, but except in being much smaller, otherwise approximate them
rather than my Idaho specimens. In short, what I have listed as cydele
seems strictly referable to neither so-called species. |

4. A. cypris, Edw.—The species is, without much doubt, identical
with cypris ¢ sent me from Denver, Colo., which, however, is somewhat
richer in colour. The resemblance of the local form to the paler forms of
/ais is very close, and confusion is easy without a good knowledge of
both. Though nearly all Calgary specimens that I have seen are a littie
larger, a series I took last summer on the Gleichen prairie, as well as some
submitted to me by Mr. Crocker from Redvers, Sask., are decidedly
smaller than Calgary /azs. The apices are more acute, and outer margin
very slightly concave instead of straight or slightly convex as in /azs. The
veins of primaries are much less prominently black marked. Another
difference is in the greater length and thickness in cypris of the tuft of
hairs on the subcostal vein of secondaries. Also, this tuft, as well as the
rest of the hairs near the inner margin, show, in certain lights, a very
distinct violaceous reflection, quite characteristic of the species, and not
seen in Zais. These remarks apply to the male. I have only one
undoubted female, taken in cop. Other females scarcely differ, but

May, 1908

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

apparently the species is harder to separate from Zazs in this sex than in
the male.

6. A. electra, Edw.—The separation of local material into two species
as atlantis and electra is quite out of the question. Af/antis is strictly
eastern, and as distinguished from the rest of the group is larger, has
heavier black markings, including a wider outer border, and a narrower
buff band beneath. Of electra from Colorado, its described district, I
have only one pair, but cannot see any difference whatsoever from the
species so widely distributed throughout the Rockies and Selkirks of
British North America, including the prairie-bounding hills in the west-
central portion of Alberta. The darker forms found. jin that region,
though a bit smaller, approximate the eastern species so very closely as to
make separation more than difficult. The lighter end of the series is the
/ais common on the Albertan prairies, whence this form was described.
My series at present consists of sixty males and about thirty females, and
I have from time to time closely examined a very much greater number.
These include two males from Windermere, four from Kaslo, one from
Osoyoos, four males and five females from the Rockies, along the line of
the C. P. R., and the rest from various localities from the foothills to the
plains, though I have none from east of Calgary, having seldom collected
there during its season. My efforts to procure more mountain material
have been unsuccessful. The typical prairie form is much less heavily
black-marked, has lighter and more restricted brownish basal area, and
less rusty-red on secondaries beneath, with a rather wider buff border. I
have tried for years, but have utterly failed to draw any distinct line
between the two forms, and waver between two opinions. Those are,
that either Zazs is a prairie form of e/ectra, merging gradually into it as it
reaches the mountains, or that they are really two species, of which the
extreme varieties overlap, and of which Zazs does not quite reach the
mountains, though e/ectva just reaches to the edge of the plains. Zazs,
however, is entered in the B. C. list, on the authority of Dr. Holland,
who states that it is found in “ Alberta and Assiniboia, and in British
Columbia among the foothills and the lower slopes of the mountain
ranges.” ‘There is sometimes a slight tendency for the prairie form to
lose the silver from the marginal spots near the anal angle of secondaries,
and in one specimen, taken on June roth, an abnormally early date, the
marginal row have scarcely any trace of silver whatever.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L5t

7. A. monticola, Behr.p—My previous record of this species was
based on a single Banff male, and so far I have seen no more from
Alberta. I cannot find by what authority I listed it under the name, but
Dr. Skinner refers to the record in Supplement No. 1 of his Catalogue. I
have a similar male from Kaslo, received as rhodope, but differing from
Vancouver and Island specimens under that name in being slightly
smaller, paler in both ground colour and shading above, and in having
paler secondaries beneath, without trace of silver on any of the spots, and
the marginal row slightly larger. It agrees in these details with Holland’s
figure (under side) and description of montico/a, except in having more of
a rusty-red and less of a purplish shading on secondaries. I recently
submitted both these forms to Dr. Skinner. The coast specimens he
named rhodopfe. The Banff and Kaslo specimens he says exactly fit no
described form, but “are related to serene and monticola, var. purpur-
ascens.” Under rhodope, in the Kootenai list, Dr. Dyar mentions that
Mr. Cockle had the species standing as momticola.

8. A. halcyone, Edw., vel. p/atina, Skinner ?—I listed the species as
halcyone on the authority of Dr. Skinner, who had specimens from me
some years ago, and who entered the record in Supp. No. 1 of his
Catalogue. Of Calgary material, I have now under examination twelve
males and three females, and have at times distributed a few of both sexes.
Some of the females, which I had been unable to compare when writing
my former notes, to my mind fit Edwards’s figure of ? to a nicety, but
both sexes show considerable variation. I have males almost the exact
counterpart of mine from Colorado, 8—10,000 ft., labelled ““Gore’s Range,”
‘““Williams River Range,” and “ Pinnacle,” and Dr. Skinner bears me out
in associating these specimens, and now says: ‘‘ They are near p/atina,
and undescribed.” Calgary females, however, are less like my females
from the same locality. Of what Dr. Skinner tells me is true A/atina, I
have a g¢ from Beaver Canon, Idaho (one of the type localities), another
from Stockton, Utah, and a @ from Soldier Canon, Toocle Co., Utah.
This series differs from the Colorado mountain series, and, in the main,
from the Calgary males, in being slightly paler in all the details of colour
and shading, but more distinctly in having rather larger silver spots and a
wider buff band. An occasional Calgary male, however, is by no means
sharply distinct. Of the only Calgary female Dr. Skinner has seen from
me, he says: ‘‘ Near ha/cyone, but markings darker and heavier.” I have
two males, from Oslar and Glenwood Springs, Colo., which Dr. Skinner

152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

~*~

has named halcyone, and these differ most obviously from the local speci-
mens in being paler in both colour and basal shading above, and lighter in
markings. As to my former references to coronzs, Behr., under this heading,
Dr. Skinner tells me that.the types of that species came from Mare’s
Island, San Francisco, now built over or otherwise spoilt entomologically.
Also that Mr. Edwards’s identification of the species was erroneous, and
that the types having now been destroyed in the San Francisco fire, the
exact identity of the species is doubtful. JI took a pair in cop. at Brisco,
B. C., on the Upper Columbia, about thirty-five miles below Windermere, —
on July 15th of last year, which are probably the same as the Calgary
species. ‘The male, however, is washed with green beneath rather than
brown, and J at first mistook it for Weadiz or MWevadensis, but it agrees
best with the p/atina-halcyone series in other respects. It reflects brown
in certain lights, which Calgary AZeadiz do not, and nearly all of the local
series show a green iridescence as well as the brown, suggesting that the
colour is prismatic rather than pigmentary. Another 9, taken at the same
place and time, is also greener than any Calgary specimens. ‘The varia-
tion leads me to suspect that this species may, in some localities,
sometimes be confused with evadensis or Meadit.

9. A. Nevadensis, Edw., var. Meadit, Edw.—In my list I recorded
this species as Vevadensis merely, but have now decided that AZeadiz fits
it better. I have compared it with four male and five female Adwardsii
from various Colorado localities, three male Vevadensis from Nevada,
Nevada Co., Calif., and Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and with four male and
three female AZeadi7, one pair from Stockton, Utah, and the rest from
Colorado. My Hdwardsii are quite the largest of the group, and com-
pared with the local form are rather darker, though having less of the
dark basal shading above, the veins with less black, and in the females a
heavier black border. Beneath there is more and richer red on primaries,
and the very much darker green on secondaries (Holland says “ olive-
brown ”) encroaches much more on the buff submarginal band, so as to
sometimes almost obliterate it, and the marginal silver spots differ in
shape. In the Calgary species they are almost triangular, pyramidal, with
the vertices generally rather sharply angled, almost dentate. In my
Edwardsti they are more nearly rounded, with the vertices blunt. -A
single specimen from the Red Deer River, though pretty obviously
conspecific with the rest of my series, bears some resemblance to
Edwardsii in the shape of the spots and partial obliteration of the band.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153

But I have found nothing amongst north-western material examined that I
can treat as distinct under the name ZLdwardsti, by which the form
generally passes, and as which it was probably recorded from Alberta by
Geddes. Mevadensis is smaller, though about right in colour, and is more
lightly shaded basally, with the veins less black, and the green paler.

Colorado Afeadzi, as to basal shading and black, is even a little too dark.
The shape of the silver spots agrees with the local form, though the green
encroaches more on the buff band, differing in this respect from
Nevadensts. The Calgary species, however, differs rather markedly from
either Wevadensis or true AVeadii in the ‘tint of the green, this being,
especially in the female, almost a peacock 4/ue. An exception must be
made with the Stockton, Utah, pair, which approximate the local form so
much more nearly than any of the rest, that I have at times rather doubted
the genuineness of the labels.

17. A. Alberta, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl and I met with the species in
fine condition on several mountains near Laggan, far above the timber
line, from July 19th onwards, in 1904. The lower spurs and shoulders of
Mts. Fairview and Piran are easily accessible to an energetic amateur
hill-climber (I may remark that the ‘‘ hills” are a bit steep !), and good
hunting grounds for this species. The ridge leading from Fairview to the
Castle Crags holds the species, and is partly smooth, even ground, but
dangerously precipitous on the Lake Louise side. It is best reached via
the trail right up to Saddle-Back, and thence over nearly the summit of
Fairview. A long low spur of Mt. Piran, on the side next Mts. White
and Victoria, is also an excellent hunting ground, easy to run on, and not
a bit dangerous. ‘The insect is far easier to capture than astarte, and,
unlike that species, the sexes were taken in about equal numbers. It
usually flies close to the ground, frequently settles, and when approached
does not rise quickly nor high. Mrs. Nicholl subsequently found it
widely distributed between Laggan and Field. Bean records the capture
of a pair on a mountain near Hector, B. C. (Edwards Butt. N. Am., Vol.
III), and Mrs. Nicholl captured specimens on a mountain rising from the
lower end of Wapta Lake at Hector, near Lake O’Hara, and at the
very head of the Yoho Valley, the latter at about 8,000 feet. She also
met with it in abundance during the latter part of July of last year (1907),
on a trip from Laggan to the head waters of the Athabasca. She writes:
‘* Alberta fairly swarmed in places. I got twenty-five in one day on the

154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

slopes of Wilcox Peak. I think it prefers slate mountains, and likes steep
shaly slopes. It was very common on Wilcox Pass.” Her record of the
species for that year is of particular interest, as Mr. Bean never met with
it at Laggan except in even digited years, and believed it to be a biennial
species.

18. A. astarte, Doubl.-Hew.—We found this on the same dates in
similar situations to the last, but even more widely distributed, and the
males go higher up. ‘The extreme summits of Mts. Fairview (8,875 ft.)
and Piran (8,610 ft,) both held the species in some numbers. I saw a
few on Saddle Peak (7,900 feet) just east of Fairview, as late as 5 o’clock
in the afternoon. A few were to be seen considerably below the peaks,
but the tip-top is the favourite playground of the males. Its flight is
unmistakeable. Two or three would often meet in playful gyrations, and
ascend in a few seconds to a height of fifty or a hundred feet above the
very highest peak, then separate as suddenly and descend in different
directions, to continue their rapid, dodgy flight amongst the sometimes
almost scorchingly hot rocks. I was using a short-handled, wide-mouthed
net, whilst Mrs. Nicholl had a rather narrow-mouthed one, but with a
longer handle. This fact, added to superior dexterity in handling it,
enabled her to capture at least three to my one. All three of these peaks
are composed of a huge pile of loose sharp-edged rocks and stones,
varying in size from a haystack to a match-box, so the nature of the
ground makes quick-stepping impossible, if not foolhardy. Some of the
lower spurs where A/berta should be sought, and Chionobas Beanii is more
easily captured, are more or less evenly covered with fine close-lying shale,
on which even running is safe. The females were much more rarely met
with, and down nearer the timber line. During that summer Mrs. Nicholl
also saw astarte on Mt. Assiniboine, south of Banff, and at Glacier Crest,
in the Selkirks. A pair of her British Columbian captures are in my
collection, a ¢ labelled ‘‘ 500 ft. above Lake O’Hara = about 7,000 ft.,
July 28th,” anda 2 from ‘“‘ Pass to Yoho Valley, timber line, Aug. 23rd,”
the latter in fair condition only. Mrs, Nicholl wrote to me from Emerald
Lake on 22nd, and left for the Yoho the following day, so the B. C.
origin of this specimen is beyond dispute. She reports that she met with
the species that summer everywhere she went in the Rockies, and says
that females were not hard to stalk when sitting on a flower. She tells me
that during her trip far to the north of Laggan last year (1907) her packer,
Jim Simpson, caught eleven specimens on the spurs of Mt. Athabasca and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 155

northwards, very fresh, in the last week of July. Mrs. Chas. Schzeffer also
records it from Mt. Athabasca, and from Mt. Temple, near Laggan,
‘‘ above the saddle.”

19. Melitea anicia, Doubl.-Hew., var. Beanti, Skinner. — Not
uncommon on Mt. Piran, from about 7,c00 to 8,000 feet. It seems to
merge into azicia lower down. Mrs. Nicholl met with var. Leanii
during her trip far north of Laggan last summer.

21. Phyciodes ismeria, Bd.-Lec.—A worn @ at Gleichen station,
June 29th, 1905.

22. P. tharos, Dru.—A form I have taken at the Red Deer River
locality during early July, and which has puzzled me considerably, differs
from the more usual form, which flies, equally fresh, at the same time and
place, in being conspicuously marbled beneath. I considered it distinct,
but Dr. Skinner says that specimens I sent him agree with some of
Edwards’s figures of var. marcea. A species sent me as camil/us from
Hall Valley, Colo., closely resembles this form beneath, but is nearer to
pratensis above.

24. Grapta satyrus, Edw.—Not common. I have only five local
specimens under this name in my collection. Two of them are much
variegated and contrasting beneath, with the band on secondaries defined
outwardly by a rather heavy black line, anda heavy G mark. A specimen
from Kaslo is like this. The other three are much more uniform and
darker beneath, with the band edged by a finer line, and the G also finer.
One of them was bred from a larva which fed on nettle. Three specimens
from Wellington, B. C., are like this. The under sides figured by Dr.
Holland of both marcyas and satyrus are like the first form, and I believe I
have two species.

25. G. faunus, Edw.—I have only one Calgary specimen, like Dr.
Holland’s figures, and agreeing with specimens sent me as this from
Montana and B. C.

26. G. sephyrus, Edw.—Two local specimens agree well with
Holland’s figures, but are darker. One of them Dr. Fletcher has named
zephyrus, and they are probably the same as a Colorado specimen sent me
as such by Dr. Barnes. I have others of the same species from Welling-
ton, Vancouver and Colorado.

31. Pyrameis atalanta, Lin.-—I have occasionally bred it from larvee
found on nettle, but have never seen the imago at all common. I have
observed it on the wing, presumably after hibernation, as early as May rsth.

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

33. Limenitis arthemis, Dru.—Fairly common on the Red Deer
River bottoms wherever there are willows.

34. Cenonympha typhon, Rett., var. Zaidon, Bork.—This, according
to Dr. Skinner’s Revision of the genus, is the correct name for the species,
inornata being placed asa synonym. My tentative reference to ochracea
proves erroneous. I have at present thirty-six males and fifteen females
in my series, and have examined a large number more without being able
to make two species. Many of the males that’ I have from the prairie
round Gleichen are somewhat heavily suffused with fuscous, both above
and beneath, and yet I have a paler male from there than any in my
south-west of Calgary series. One of the Gleichen specimens lacks all trace
of the pale bands beneath. Only one very small male (24 mm.) lacks
ocelli. Nearly all others have ocellus on primaries above, usually very
faint, rarely black pupilled. The corresponding black, pale-ringed ocellus
beneath is usually pale pupilled, rarely obsolete. The secondaries beneath
are often without ocelli, or there may be one or two small ones, and rarely
traces of even four or five. None have the sub-basal ochreous patches
which seem to be characteristic of ochracea. The females are paler than
the males.

35. Lrebia discoidalis, Kirby, has been seen as early as April 18th,
1902. ‘

36. &. disa, Thunb., var. mancinus, Doubl.. Hew.—After a long hunt
for it, with sundry chases after efzpsodea, Mrs. Nicholl and I caught six fine
specimens of this butterfly in a lightly fir-timbered swamp near the foot of
the north end of Sulphur Mountain, Banff, scarcely ten minutes’ walk from
the Sanitarium, on July 1st last. We saw more than double that number,
but they escaped by disappearing into thicker timber. It appeared to be
very local, and not at allcommon. I think Mrs. Nicholl took a female.
She subsequently met with it far north of Laggan. She writes: ‘“‘I got
none on the Piperstone Creek, which I think is too dry for the species.
But on the Saskatchewan, in one place, I saw several, and caught two,
both in bad order.” ‘That would be about the end of July.

38. Satyrus alope, Fab., var. nephele, Kirby. Most of the speci-
mens fit Holland’s figures of o/ympus better than any of the other
forms. Specimens from Chicago received under this name match them
pretty closely, but are slightly darker beneath, and have more ocelli on
secondaries.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L5¥

LIST OF HEMIPTERA, TAKEN BY We Jf: PALMER, ABOUT
QUINZE LAKE, P. QUE., IN 1907.
BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
(Continued from page 116.)
TETTIGONIID.

Oncometopia costalis, Fabr.—Apparently common.

Tettivonia gothica, Sign.—Taken at Temagami.

Diedrocephala coccinea, Forst.—A most beautiful species, which
seems to have been abundant at all places where Mr. Palmer collected.

Dreculacephala mollipes, Say.— Taken at Quinze Lake only.

Dreculacephala noveboracensts, Fitch.—Quinze Lake. Apparently
common.

Gypona Quebecensis, Prov.—Common at all stations.

JASSIDA.

Platymetopius acutus, Say.—Taken in numbers at Temiskamingue.

Platymetopius latus, Baker.—With the last, and at Bear Island in
Lake Temagami and about Quinze Lake. This species, which I have
taken in New York, Ohio, Colorado and Utah, has been a difficult form
to place. The larger and paler specimens from Utah have been deter-
mined for me as Baker’s Za¢us, and in all essential characters they seem to
agree fairly well with the description of that species. From these paler
forms they run by almost insensible gradations in form and colour toward
the smaller and darker acutus. In all, however, the vertex is longer, the
oblique veins of the costa are more regularly placed, and the face is either
entirely pale or but slightly infuscated exteriorly, with the basal angular
pale line never entirely obsolete. I believe these should be separated
from acutus, but whether they are the true /atws of Baker is perhaps
questionable. This species, acutus, Say, and /rontalis, Van D., are
common and widely distributed. The closely-allied cuprescens, Osborn,
I have taken at Phoenicia, Colden and Gowanda, N. Y., always on springy
spots among the hills.

Platymetopius obscurus, Osborn.—Barrier Lake. Twoexamples. This
is an interesting addition to the Canadian fauna. It was described by
Prof. Osborn from material taken in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio.
It has the infuscated face found in fwscifrons, but most closely resembles
acutus, than which it is smaller, stouter and has a shorter vertex. Of this

cosmopolitan genus fifteen species have thus far been recorded from
May, 1908

V5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

America, north of Mexico. Provancher’s Platymetopius acutus is the
species here identified as Zatus, while his magda/ensts 13 the acutus of Say.
Platymetopius ornatus, Baker, has been placed in genus Dicyphonia by
Dr. Ball. ;

Deltocephalus Sayi, Fitch.—Apparently common.

Deltocephalus abdominalis, Fabr.—Five examples were taken at
Temiskamingue, Quinze Lake and Barrier River. ‘This species may be
roughly distinguished from the green examples of dedi/’s by their having
the base of the front abruptly black.

Deltocephalus affints, Baker.--Temiskamingue and Barrier Lake. In
compliance with the now generally accepted synonomy of this species, I
have applied this name to the species formerly determined by me as
Meischeimeéri, Fh.

Deltocephalus Melscheimeri, Fitch.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. One
example. This is a smaller and more slender species than the preceding,
and much less abundant. |

Deltocephalus inimicus, Say.—Common at all places where Mr.
Palmer collected.

Athysanus tnstabilis, Van D.—Temiskamingue and Quinze Lake.
Three examples. These specimens are typical zzstadbi/is, which Osborn
and Ball identify with the European striatu/us, Fall., in which they are
very likely correct, but as my material does not agree with any descriptions
of that species accessible to me, I prefer for the present to place it under
aname of which I am certain, leaving it to future study to settle the
synonomy.

Athysanus, sp.—Two examples, representing both sexes, were
taken with the preceding. This isa smaller and more slender species,
which may be best distinguished by the pale gray elytra with the areoles
but obscurely bordered with darker, by the conspicuously white or pale
yellow margins to the black abdomen, by its having the pygofers of the
female whitish, with their base and the oviduct black, and by the mostly
pale legs. ‘This is the species listed as stvzatudus in my list of the
Hemiptera taken by Mr. Palmer at Lake Temagami.

Phlepsius apertus, Van D.—Three examples from about Quinze
Lake. An interesting species that finds its home in the far north.

Philepsius fulvidorsum, Fitch.—Two specimens taken with the last.

Scaphoideus immistus, Say—Taken at White Rapids and about
Quinze Lake, |

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISL, 159

Thamnotettix eburata, Van D.—Temagami. One example. In 1906
Mr. Palmer took a good series at the same locality.

Thamnotettix, sp.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. Two examples.

Thamnotettix tnornata, Van D.—Temiskamingue and Quinze Lake.

Thamnotettix flavovirens, Gill. and Baker.—Temiskamingue P.O.
and Barrier Lake. Five examples. ‘This pretty little green species was
described from Colorado, and I have in my collection a specimen from
Vancouver Island. So far as I know this is its first recorded occurrence
in the east. |

Chlorotettix untcolor, Fitch.—Taken at all stations where Mr. Palmer
collected, and apparently common.

Balclutha, sp.—Temiskamingue. One example. I have taken this
species at Hamburg, N. Y.

Cicadula punctifrons, Fall.—Nigger Point, Quinze Lake. One
example.

Cicadula variata, Fall.—One specimen from Temiskamingue.

Cicadula arcuata, G. & B.—Three examples taken at ‘Temis-
kamingue and Quinze Lake. Last year I listed this as Cicadula lepida,
Van D.

Cicadula 6-notata, Fall.—Barrier River. Two specimens,

Cicadula lineatifrons, Stal.—Three examples of what I believe to be
this species were taken at Barrier River and Quinze Lake. These are
larger than 6-mofata, with the vertex more produced. A!Il of them have
two black points on the vertex near the hind margin, very faint in one
individual ; and in two the basal angles of the scutellum are black, other-
wise they agree closely with Stal’s description. There is a transverse line
on the vertex anteriorly and another on the edge of the head, both
interrupted in the middle, and the commissural nervure is fuscous, broadly
interrupted with white.

TYPHLOCYBID&.

Empoasca obtusa, Walsh.—Barrier River. One example.

Empoasca unicolor, Gill.—Taken in numbers at all places where
collecting was done. This is one of our most abundant and generally
distributed species in the Northern States and Canada.

Empoasca splendida, Gill. Two examples that certainly belong here
were taken at Temiskamingue P.O. by Mr. Palmer.

Empoasca atrolabes, Gill—Numbers of this species were taken with
the preceding and at Barrier River. This species and sp/endida seem to

160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST,

run together by insensible gradations, not only in colour, but in the form
of the last ventral segment of the female, and it would not be surprising
if eventually they would have to be united, as suggested by their describer.

Typhlocyba bifasciata, Gilland Bak.—Temiskamingue and Barrier

Lake.
PSYLLID&.

Psylla carpini, Fitch.—Not uncommon at various localities.
Psylla, sp.—Three examples of a smaller species were taken at
Temiskamingue.

SOME’ COLEOPTERA -APFECTING> THE ~ HONEY, -LOGyna

BY C. O. HOUGHTON, NEWARK, DEL., ENTOMOLOGIST, AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION.

On a farm near Newcastle, Delaware, there is quite a strip of honey
locust (Gleditschia triacanthos, Linn.), hedge, which I have visited two
or three times during the past two years. This hedge appears to have
been injured by fire at some time, and certain sections of it are now
entirely dead. Other sections are very thrifty, while between the dead
and living sections may be found parts that are partly dead and partly
alive.

My first visit to the hedge was on June 12th, 1906, and my attention
was drawn to it owing to the large number of specimens of Agri/us fallax,
Say, which I found upon it. Whether or not they were feeding upon the
leaves I did not determine, but it seems probable that they were. At
any rate, they were present in large numbers, and several were seen
pairing. About fifty specimens were taken ina short time—the first of
this species that I had ever seen.

Owing to the presence of such large numbers of this species on the
hedge that day, I thought it probable that these beetles were breeding in
its dead or dying wood, and I resolved to return to the place the next
spring to collect some of this and attempt to breed 4. fa//ax therefrom.

A few branches which were broken off at that time and brought home
were found to contain Buprestid larve. One of these which I examined
measured 5 mm. in length by 1.75 mm. in breadth, at the greatest width ;
another 6.5 mm. by 1.75 mm. The brief notes which I made on the
larvae at that time are as follows: ‘White ; mandibles brown, tipped

with black.”
May, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161

To illustrate the biting power of these small larvae, one which I
allowed to seize the point of a dissecting needle held itself suspended
therefrom, at an angle of about 45 degrees, for a period of nearly two
minutes.

No attempt was made to rear these larve, but on June ro, tgo7, I
again visited the hedge and collected a suit-case full of the.wood. ‘his
was principally dead, but I made it a point not to get that which was too
old and brittle, as some of it which I examined on the ground did not
appear to contain any wood-boring larvee—nor did I find any in the living
wood which I secured.

This material was brought home and examined, and it wis found
that there were apparently several kinds of living larve therein. It was,
therefore, cut up into suitable lengths and placed in air-tight glass jars,
or glass cylinders with cotton batting at top and bottom, and set away in
my laboratory. The first beetle bred from these dead branches appeared
Tune 11, and proved to be Jeoclytus erythrocephalus, Fab. Other
specimens of this species emerged later.

On June 20 a. specimen of Cvlerus qguadriguttatus, Oliv., was tound
alive in one of the jars, and several other specimens of this species
appeared later. It is probable that their larvee were feeding upon the
larvee of some of the wood-borers in the G/editschia, as most of the Clerid
Jarvee appear to be carnivorous. On June 24 three specimens of Léopus
fascicularis, Harr., all alive, were found in one of the jars ; also a speci-
men of JLelanophthalma distinguenda, Com., and one of Liopus varie-
gatus, Hald. Another specimen. of the latter species had emerged a few
days earlier, but escaped.

A specimen of Zropideres rectus, Lec., emerged June 29 or 30. The
pupal cell of this specimen had been opened when the branches were cut
up. At this time it contained a Jarva. The pupa was observed several
days before the adult emerged, but the exact length of time of the pupa
stage was not determined.

On July 1a specimen of /icyrus dasycerus, Say, emerged, also one
of Phyton pallidum, Say. Like Clerus guadriguttatus, this Clerid was
(as a larva) doubtless feeding upon the larvee of the wood-borers,

No specimens of Agrilus fallax, the species which I most expected
to secure from the G/editschia, emerged. However, when cutting up the
branches from the jars, a living Buprestid larva similar to if not identical
with the larve found in 1906, was found, which I thought was probably a

162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

larva of that species. At that time it measured probably about 6 mm. in
length, and I thought that possibly it might soon pupate. This it failed
to do, however, but continued to work in the piece of branch all summer.
Wishing to determine whether this larvee was still alive at the end of the
year I followed up its burrow on Dec. 30, 1907, and soon located it. It
was apparently thriving, although it had been in the dry branch in a hot
laboratory all summer, and had increased somewhat in size. I have made
no search for it since, but have hopes that eventually I may find a
specimen at A. fa//ax in the cylinder.

This species has been recorded as affecting the locust (Robinia
pseudacacia), but'I have seen no reference to its occurrence in G/editschia.
Chittenden states that the habits of A. fa//ax are similar to those of 4.
egenus, and of the latter species he says: “Infests locust (Rodcnia
pseudacacia), mining under the bark and twigs of the smaller branches,
the béetles eating the leaves.” In further notes on A. fallax he says:
‘In the National collection is a series from Central Missouri, labelled by
Dr. Lugger on locust, and another series from Jowa similarly labelled by
the late Dr. C. V. Riley. Among Divisional notes is one of the occur-
rence of what is stated to be this species under the bark of cottonwood,
in July.’

Hopkins’ states that this species “infests bark and wood of dying
branches on living and dying Hackberry,” and that adults were taken May
2 in-Wood Co., W. Va.

Packard,’ in his ‘ Forest Insects,” does not mention any species of
wood-boring beetles as affecting the honey locust, but gives a list of
several species of insects that feed upon its leaves. With but three
exceptions, these are all Lepidoptera, the exceptions being Lytta (Zpicauta)
cinerea, Forst., Hburia g-geminata, Say, and Spermophagus robinia, Sch.
(The last in seeds.)

I have found the following beetles, which were presumably feeding
to some extent upon the leaves, upon this plant: Anomoea laticlavia,
Forst.; Modonota puncticollis, Say ; Macrobasis unicolor, Kirby. Other
species that I have taken thereon, but whose presence was probably
merely accidental, are the following: hoturis Pennsylvanicus, De Geer;
Chauliognathus marginatus, Fabr.; Statira gagatina, Melsh.; J7ordel-
listena pustulata, Melsh.

1, Bul. No. 22, n.'s. DivofEnt.;. Ws. Dept, Agric;, p..67,
2. Bul. No. 32, W. Va. Agric.*Expt. Sta., p. 184;
3. Fifth Report of the Entomological Commission, pp. 652-954.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165

TWO CANADIAN SPECIES OF PSEUDOSCORPIONS.

BY EDV. ELLINGSEN, KRAGERO, NORWAY.

I received last year (1907) from Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa, some
Canadian Pseudoscorpions for determination. The collection comprised
two forms, and these two species are, to my knowledge, the first Pseudo-
scorpions recorded from the Dominion of Canada. This is naturally
founded on the fact that these small, interesting animals have not been
collected by the entomologists. In the adjoining parts of the United
States, as in the States on the whole, there are many species, and even as
far north as Alaska a species has been taken. This should be of interest
if Canadian entomologists would draw their attention to these animals, and
they would certainly make many a fine capture.

The Pseudoscorpions have much in common with the scorpions,
especially as regards the palpi, but they are animals of small size—the
giants among them are about 8 mm. long,—and they quite lack the tail
which is so characteristic of the true scorpions. The Pseudoscorpions are
to be found under bark of decayed trees, under stones and logs, among
mosses, etc; some also live in buildings. Some species, especially
Chelifer cancroides, L., are true cosmopolites, as they are easily trans-
ported from place to place in goods and the like; they are distributed
throughout all parts of the earth, very few in the polar tracts and in the
colder temperate regions, but in the warmer temperate tracts and in the
tropical parts of the earth they are abundant. The group of Pseudo-
scorpions is a small group, comprising about 400 species so far described,

but some of these will certainly, on further examination, fall into the
synonymy of the other species, or will be only xomzna nuda.

The two species mentioned above are the following :

Chelifer cancrotdes, L.

Canada: Ottawa, 8 specimens, ¢ and Q, taken in buildings (J.
Fletcher). British Columbia: Kaslo, 2 ¢’s (J. W. Cockle).

Ldeobisium obscurum, Banks.

British Columbia : Victoria, 1 specimen (A. W. Hanham).
The species is largely distributed in the western parts of the United

States, the States of Washington, Montana and California,
May, 1908

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A SYNONYMIC NOTE ON CERTAIN BELOSTOMIDZ
(HEMIPTERA),.
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISLANDS.

This brief note is in response to my friend Mr. Bueno’s mention of |
further synonymy, in his recent valuable paper (Can. Ent., Vol. XXXIX,
PP. 333-341).

It is now generally accepted, by workers at aquatic hemiptera, that
the generic name 4e/ostoma must be conferred upon the species formerly
known as ‘‘ Zaitha,” the single species arranged under the former, at its
inception, being a “ Zaitha.” This requires no further comment, but
some consideration is necessary to select the correct name for the now
nameless genus, “ Le/ostoma,” olim.

Stal, in 1865 (Hem. Afr., III, 179), separated, from “ Belostoma,”
those forms with strongly-widened lateral margins to the pronotum
(collosicum, etc.), under the name Amorgius, and unaware of previous
names, I adopted this, in my recent list of Pagiopod genera, for the old
‘“ Belostoma,” accepting AZontandonista (1901) as a subgenus for the
narrow-margined forms. ‘There is no doubt, however, that ZLethocerus
(Mayr, 1852, Verh-Zool. bot. Ges-Wien, V, 17) is the same as Montan-
donista, and that Lethocerus cordofanus (|. c.) must take precedence of
Amorgiur ( Montandonista) niloticus.

Lethocerus, however, was founded on a nymph, and was therefore
rejected by Mayr himself in 1863 and 1871, as well as by Stal,
Montandon and Champion. But, according to the general rules of nomen-
clature, genera and species founded on immature stages are valid, though
as a rule they are not advisable. Therefore, Zethocevus must be reinstated.

The following synonymy will summarize the above:

1. Lelostoma Latreille, 1807 (type festaceopallidum), = Zaitha, Am.

and Serv., 1843.

2.* Lethocerus, Mayr, 1852 (type cordofanus), = Lelostoma, auctt.,
= Montandonista, Kirkaldy, 1901, subgen. Amorgius, Stal, 1865.

The species Le/ostoma nilotica (Stal, 1854) should therefore be known
as Lethocerus cordofanus

The above is a good instance of the folly of refraining from adjust-
ments of synonymy when their necessity is discovered. Mayr knew in
1871 that the proper name of ‘‘ Zaitha” was Belostoma, and that that of
‘* Belostoma” was Lethocerus. Those changes were infinitely easier to
make 37 years ago than now, and correspondingly (or more so) easier now
than 37 years hence.

*Incorrectly included by me formerly in Hydvocyrius, t.e., Diplonychus.
May, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165

NOTES ON HETEROPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

Near my house in White Plains, N. Y., is a sunken meadow, on one
side of which runs a brooklet, and on the other the Bronx Aqueduct,
which carries water to New York city. The Tarrytown road bounds it at
one end, and the other merges gradually into a marsh which is cut by
another brook. In this meadow grows a profusion of plants, each in its
season, and here insects abound in all forms. I have taken in it many
interesting Heteroptera. Along the edges, at the Aqueduct, Hurygaster
al/ternatus occurs. Further on, in the plants growing out of the wetter
and lower portion of the meadow, in July and August I found many
nymphs ; some I could recognize, but two were misidentified. One was
a peculiar spiny one, with an enlarged antennal joint. I guessed it to be
Chariesterus antennator. Yo make sure, I took several full-grown
nymphs home, together with one of Archimerus calcarator. The food
problem, of course, presented itself, but the solution was found in the
remains of my vegetable garden, and a bush bean pulled up by the roots
and put in water in a breeding cage gave the nymphs food and shelter.
They throve on the bean, and my queer capture turned out to be nothing
but Acanthocerus galeator. This very interesting nymphal form appears
to be unrecorded, and Dr. Horvath, who was in White Plains at the time,
suggested that it be described.

In colour it is a checkered grey and black, quite on the dark. This
nymph is very spiny. The antennz have the first joint studded with short
spines, which in the second joint become smaller and are interspersed
with hairs. This joint is dark at the base and apex only, the greater
portion of the middle being light in colour. The third joint is expanded
into a leaf-like form, with the narrowed end at the base of the joint and
the broader at the apex. This, as well as the fourth joint, is black and
hairy. The latter is fusiform. The first joint is subequal to the second,
and the third to the fourth, each of the latter being about two-thirds the
length of either of the former. The femora are all armed with stout
spines, which are practically obsolete on the tibiz. There are six long,
toothed spines on the head, arranged in pairs, and one at each anterior
angle of the pronotum, the lateral edges of which are also spiny, and the
disk is studded with coarse black punctures. The wing-pads are also
spined on the outer edge and coarsely punctured Each of the abdominal
segments has at the connexival edge two stout spines, one near the

May, 1908

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

anterior angle of the segment and the other near the posterior, the latter
being longer and stouter than the former. All these spines have smaller

spines on them, and they increase in size caudad. There is also a series
of paired spines down the middle of the abdomen, similar to the others.

The dorsal stink-orifices are two in number, the anterior being between
the third and fourth segments, on the suture, and the posterior similarly
placed between the fourth and fifth. These orifices are quite large and
noticeable, and are apparently single. The length of the nymph in the
last instar, from which this description is taken, is something over 11 mm.
It has the general aspect of a Coreid bug, so it can be easily recognized if
taken.

While the preceding is an accurate description, it is by no means
minute, although quite sufficient for recognition. ‘The younger nymphs are
very similar, except that the antennz are comparatively much lenger and
slimmer, being, in fact, nearly as long as in the last nymphal instar, and
the spines are also longer.

In different parts of the meadow, in the higher parts, the highly-
interesting Tingid, AZelanorhopala clavata, Stal, was taken in both the
brachypterous and the very rare macropterous forms. Here also was
taken Protenor Belfragei in great abundance, both adults and nymphs ;
Hlarmostes reflexulus was far from uncommon ; the various species of
Euschistus were abundant, together with Perzbalus limbolarius, Tricho-
pepla semivittata, Podisus maculiventris, several species of Reduviolus,
Alydus eurinus and pilosulus, Corimelena atra, Coenus delius; and on
Alders surrounding a mud-hole Corythuca gossypii was very common, but
darker in colour than is usual. This mud-hole, when dry, proved to be
the haunt of Hebrus concinnus, whose white-spotted wings betrayed it as
it walked about on the drying black mud.

On a hillside there is adry meadow where timothy had_ been
grown for hay. Here late in August JVezara hilaris was found abund-
antly along the edges. The first specimens I beat from the bushes near a
gate, but other bushes along the fences gave no result. A clump of
Golden-rod under some bushes was swept, and there was J/Vezara, both
adults and nymphs. ‘This was the case all along the field; one or two
specimens were beaten at odd times from the trees and bushes, but the
majority, as well as the nymphs, were all taken on the Golden-rod, under
and near them. The nymph is light green and yellow, with the head,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

prothorax, wing-pads, connexivum, antenne, tibize and dorsal stink-orifices
more or less black. The scutellum is green, with two black round spots
at the base. This is, of course, a very rough description, but having
nothing but dry specimens, it is as good as can be given under the
circumstances.

One day in August I noticed climbing up the trunk of a large Maple
on the roadside the nymph of a Brochymena. This was also taken home
and put in the life-cage on the bean on which it fed and throve. It
finally moulted, giving a somewhat small but perfect 2. arborea. This,
in the nymph as well as the adult, had the curious habit of concealing its
antennz when at rest. They were bent under the body, and rested close
to it between the coxe, lying quite straight and parallel to the rostrum.

Near the Bronx River, in some underbrush, was swept a winged
specimen of Reduviolus subcoleoptratus. This form is very rare, and only
some six or eight have been recorded by different authors.

For some reason, winged forms of Water-striders of all genera seem
to have been extraordinarily abundant in the summer of 1906, at least in
this locality. Zrepobates pictus, which even in the tropics occurs mostly
wingless, gave one winged specimen. The macropterous form of Micro-
vella americana also was very common, and JZ. pulchel/a in one locality
gave nothing but winged specimens. JZesovelia Mulsanti also yielded
more than the usual proportion of winged individuals, and the three
Rheumatobates Rileyi secured were in the same condition.

In the summer of 1906 my poor health compelled me to indulge ina
long vacation, with bucolic joys to make time pass, I went to a little
village named Fly Creek, which my friends suggested was a most
appropriate abiding place for one of my ‘‘ buggy” tendencies. Toward
the end of August all the population of the place goes hop-picking, and
my ifarmer-host insisted that I should lend my aid to the person he was
going to work for, which I did. The hop-vines were covered with Aphids,
and running over the leaves and stems in vast numbers was a black-and-
white Anthocorid bug, which I have not been able thus far to determine.
Its chief claim to distinction is its eagerness to insert its beak into anyone.
The workers on the hop-vines kept handkerchiefs stuffed around their
necks to prevent the bug from crawling under their clothes, but at the
close of the day they could always exhibit a necklace of bites, shown by
the red and inflamed spots where the bugs had succeeded in their purpose;
at times their hands also were attacked.

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW SPECIES OF ACORDULECERINA: (HYMENOPTERA).
BY ALEX. D., MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Acordulecera media, 0. sp.— 2. Front impressed about the median
ocellus, producing a more or less distinct pentagonal area; antennal fovea
triangular and distinct ; head black, the antenne fuscous ; the clypeus,
the labrum, the mandibles, the thorax, except a spot on each lobe and the
apex of the scutellum, the legs, and the abdomen, luteous; the wings
hyaline, the veins, the costa and the stigma luteous; the pronotum entirely
white or luteous. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat.— Algonquin, Ill. (Nason).

Acordulecera minima, n. sp.—. Front with short, fine pubescence,
so that the head appears glossy black ; pubescence of the antenne black,
antenne black ; head black, with the labrum, the clypeus and the mandi-
bles white ; the thorax, except a spot on each lobe of the mesonotum and
the scutellum, the legs and the abdomen, luteous ; the antenne with the
third segment as long as the fourth and fifth together; the front not
impressed above the median ocellus; the antennal fovea wanting; the
saw-guides exserted and broadly, roundly truncated at apex. Length,
4 mm.

Habitat —Edge Hill, Pennsylvania (G. M. Green) ; Ithaca, N. Y.

Acordulecera maxima, 0. sp—@. Front with a long pubescence,
which conceals the glossy black colour of the head, and gives it a hoary
appearance; antennze black, with white hairs; head black, with the labrum,
and mandibles white; the prothorax luteous; the mesonotum and
scutellum black; the pleura and pectus piceous, and the legs and
abdomen luteous ; the third segment of the antennz about as long as the
fourth and fifth together; the wings hyaline ; the front not impressed
about the median ocellus; the antennal fovea wanting ; the saw-guides
retracted. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat.—Ithaca, N. Y.

Acordulecera maura, i. sp.— 2. Body black, with the clypeus, the
labrum, the mandibles, the prothorax, the legs, the venter of the abdomen,
and the four basal tergal segments at middle and at sides, yellow or
luteous ; head hoary with pubescence ; the wings more or less infuscated ;
the saw-guides exserted, convex above and below, and broadly rounded
at apex. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat.—North Mt., Penn.; Ames, Iowa (E. TD. Ball) ; Ithaca,
Ne Y.

May, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169

Acordulecera mellina, n. sp.—. Front with a median furrow,
antennal fovea wanting ; body black, with the clypeus, the labrum, the
mandibles, the antenne, the tegule, the legs, the basal half of the venter,
and a large triangular spot on the middle of the dorsum at base, the apex
of the triangle turned toward the apex of the abdomen, white or luteous ;
head covered with very fine white pubescence, appearing bare when
viewed from before ; notum and pleura covered with a fine pubescence ;
saw-guides with the two sides parallel and obliquely truncated to a pojnt
at apex above. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat.— Mt. Washington, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).

Acordulecera mixta, n. sp.— . Front with the median furrow
wanting ; antennal fovea indicated by a minute pit ; body black, with the
antenne, the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles, the collar narrowly, the
tegule, the legs, and the basal half of the abdomen, greenish-white or
luteous ; the head and the antenne covered with long black pubescence ;
pubescence of the notum short, sparse and white ; saw-guides broadly
convexly rounded at apex. Length, 4.5 mm.

Habitat.—Columbia, Mo. (C. R. Crosby) ; Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball);
Delaware Co., Penn. (Cresson) ; Ashbourne, Penn, (Viereck) ; Saline-
ville— Ghio.; Ithaca; N.-Y.

Acordulecera munda,n. sp.—@. Body black, with the clypeus, the
labrum, the mandibles, the pronotum and the dorsum of the abdomen
more or less, piceous ; the tegulz, the hind margin of the pronotum, the
legs, and the venter of the abdomen, luteous ; the head and thorax fairly
densely covered with long pubescence ; the third segment of the antennze
about as long as the fourth and fifth together ; the saw-guides broadly
rounded at apex, with a distinct scopa. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat.—Ithaca, N. Y.

Acordulecera minuta, 1, sp.—@. Antenne with the third, fourth
and fifth segments subequal ; body black, with the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles, the tegule, the legs, and the disk of the abdomen at base,
luteous ; the head and thorax covered with fine, white pubescence, the
cell R, about as broad as long, the transverse part of the vein M, received
near its middle ; wings infuscated; saw-guides broad and broadly rounded
at apex. Length, 3 mm.

Habitat.—Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).

Acordulecera maculata, n. sp.— @. Antenne with the third segment
considerably longer than the fourth ; body black, with the clypeus and
labrum more or less white ; the legs, except more or less of the tarsi and

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the basal half of the tergum of the abdomen, more or less white; the
head and thorax covered with fine white pubescence; the wings infuscated
on the basal haif ; the front wings with the cell Ry about as broad as long;
the head dilated behind the eyes ; the saw-guides very broad and squarely
truncated at apex. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat.—Ithaca, N. Y.

Acordulecera marina, n. sp.—f. Antenne with the third segment
considerable longer than the fourth ; body black, with the labrum, the
mandibles, the legs, and the bases of the wings, white; the head and
thorax covered with short, white pubescence; the head not dilated behind
the eyes; the wings wholly hyaline ; the front wings with the cell R much
longer than wide, and receiving the transverse part of the vein M near the
middle of the cell. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat.—Salineville, Ohio.

ENNOMOS MAGNARIUS, GUENEE.

Every winter the curious egg deposits of the Notch-wing, Lznomos
magnarius, Gn., are sent in by fruit-growers to know what they are.
These eggs are very characteristic, and are like those of many other
geometrid moths, somewhat quadrate or rounded oblong in shape. They
are steely-gray in colour, and white at one end; about 1 mm. in length
by half mm. wide, and flattened above. These eggs are laid in straight
or curved lines, the eggs touching at the sides, and as a rule about 20 in
a row. A female which had freshly emerged from the cocoon was found
in copulation and put in a box with her mate undisturbed. During the
following two days she laid 632 eggs. Although kept in the box
for another three or four days, no more eggs were laid.

J. FLETCHER, Ottawa.

ERRATA.

Page 100, lines 19 and 20, should read: “ Aplodes rubrifrontaria,
Pack., var. Darwiniata, equals A. Darwiniata, Dyar, a good species.”

Lines 21 and 22 should read: ‘ Dei/inia erythemaria, Guenée, var.
pacificaria, Pack., should be D. pacificaria, Pack., a good species.”

Lines 29 and 30 should read: “ Sedidosema humarium, Guenee, var.
emasculatum, Dyar, equals Cleora emasculatum, Dyar, a good species.”

Lines 31 and 32 should read: “ Me/anolophia canadaria, Guenée,
var. subgenericata, Dyar, equals AZe?. dimitata, Walker.”

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lt

THE GEOMETRID GENUS RACHEOSPILA.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Our species of this genus are badly arranged in our list. The
synonymy is due to Hulst’s observations on the collections of the British
Museum and other foreign collections, published by him in Entomological
News, VI, 71, 1895. His examination must have been very hasty, for he
has obviously confused several good species under the synonymy of /¢xarza.
According to his arrangement (see Bull. 52, U. S. N. M., p. 300) we have
five species: /ixaria, Guenée, with five synonyms ; jaspzdiarza, Hulst ;
Hlollandaria, Hulst; viridipurpurea, Hulst, and sa/tusarta, Hulst. Of
dixaria, Guenée, only rubrofineata, Packard, appears to be a true
synonym ; inc/usaria, Walker, represents a distinct form with larger
dark discal dots and strongly-developed red line in the fringe, to which
extremarta, Walker, may be cited as a synonym if we desire to retain the
name, proposed as it was for specimens without locality ; congruata,
Walker, is evidently a synonym of sztfe//aria, Guenée (Spec. Gen., IX,
374, 1857), a species quite distinct from /¢xarta, to which also belongs
Synchlora Hulstiana, Dyar, described as a variety of S. Louisa, Hulst ;
finally, caupidenaria, Grote, is a good species, afterward redescribed as
Synchlora Louisa by Hulst. The three following species, jaspidiaria,
Hollandaria and viridipurpurea are all varieties of one species, which
is the same as Geometra centrifugaria, Herrich-Scheffer, and protractaria,
Herrich-Scheeffer (Corr.-Blatt. Zool.-Min. Verein Regensburg, 1870, 182),
a Cuban species. The last species, sa/tusarta, Hulst, is the same as
Eucrostis niveoctliarta, Herrich-Scheeffer, also from Cuba.

Our green Geometride are more widely distributed in regard to their
specific forms than many other groups, and ali our Southern Florida
species come from Cuba. I would arrange our species of Racheospila as
follows :

Eiisdtia. (rience. 4. cupidenaria, Grote.
rubrolineata, Packard. Louisa, Hulst.

2. inclusaria, Walker. 5. centrifugaria, Herr.-Sch.
extremaria, Walker (?) protractaria, Herr.-Sch.

3 sitellaria, Guenée. Hlollandaria, Hulst.
congruata, Walker. Jaspidiaria, Hulst.
indeclararia, Walker. viridipurpurea, Hulst.
Hiulstiana, Dyar. 6. niveociliaria, Herr.-Sch.

saltusarta, Hulst.
May, 1908

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICES.

ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Published
quarterly by the Society. Herbert Osborn, Managing Editor, Colum-
bus, Ohio, March, 1908.

The five hundred members of this new international Society must, we
fee] sure, be pleased with the initial number of their Annals; it is so
beautifully printed, so respectable in form, and so excellent in its contents,
that we must all be proud of it, and should be willing to do all in our
power to maintain its high character, and give it all needful support. The
number contains the Constitution of the Society, a list of the Officers,
Fellows and Members, arid an account of the proceedings at the three
meetings thus far held in the great cities of New York, Boston and
Chicago. The remainder of the issue includes a most interesting paper
on the Polymorphism of Ants, by Prof. W. M. Wheeler, and a discussion
of the Habits of Insects as a factor in Classification, by Prof. Herbert
Osborn. The chief feature of the number is, however, the charming
photograph of our dear old friend, Dr. Samuel H. Scudder, which we are
delighted to have, and which must be equally welcome to every one of the
members of the Society.

The subscription price of the Annals is one dollar per annum to
members, in addition to their yearly dues, and $300, with the extra
postage needed, to outsiders.

JOURNAL OF Economic Entromo.ocy : Official organ of the Association of
Economic Entomologists. Concord, N. H., Vol. I, No. 2, April, 1998.
This second number of the Journal contains nearly all of the remain-
der of the papers read at the annual meeting in Chicago; the four
numbers to follow will, therefore, furnish a large amount of material which
could hardly have reached the public but for this new enterprise. The
numerous papers now presented are full of useful and varied information,
and are of much interest to all workers in the field of entomology. As time
goes on this Journal will become a veritable storehouse of practical infor-
mation for biological students, as well as those who are engaged in the
cultivation of food products, cotton and other raw materials, or who are
interested in the manifold relations of insects to the health and comfort of
animals and man. It occupies a field of its own, and does not trench
upon the domain of any existing periodical ; it deserves to have a wide
circulation and an ample subscription list.

Mailed May 8th, 1908.

PLATE 4.

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BOSSI «DIPTERA. DIALYSIS: REVELARA-~CKEL. AND -MICROSmIx2UM

WHEELERI, CKLL.

The € anadliay ¥ontomalogist

VoL. XL. LONDON, JUNE, 1908. No... 6:

TWO FOSSIL DIPTERA.
BS t= Der AS COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.

The finest fossil insect found at Florissant by the expedition of 1906
was a large and exceilently-preserved Asilid fly. Although several fossil
Asilidee have been described from Europe, only one species (Stenocinclis
anomala, Scudder, from Wyoming) has been described and named from
the American tertiaries.

Microstylum Wheeleri, n. sp.

Length about 40 mm., of which 14 or a little less is head and thorax;
wings rather short, about 20% mm. long, faintly dusky, the veins dark ;
head and thorax black ; legs very dark brown or piceous ; abdomen
reddish-brown, with triangular black markings on the first four or five
segments, as shown in the figure; antenne stouter than in JZ. morosum,
Loew. The general form and proportions are shown so well in the figure
that they need not be described. (Plate 4.)

The venation appears to accord sufficiently well with that of
Microstylum. The radius and radial sector are quite normal, the latter
branched as in JZ. morosum; radiomedial cross-nervure present and
normal ; the cell between the ultimate branches of the media is essentially
as in WZ. morosum, the upper branch being even more bowed basally, dat
the end of the upper branch reaches the margin a considerable distance
From the lower branch of the radial sector ; cell V,; (Comstock’s Manual),
which I consider to be enclosed within the branches of the cubitus
(following my interpretation of the venation in the Nemestrinidz), is
spindle-shaped, with the upper margin not far from straight, but the lower
strongly bowed ; from its apex it sends a cross-nervure to the media,
reaching the latter at the point of forking, and a straight nervure (end of
the cubitus according to my interpretation) to the margin ; there was no
doubt a cross nervure passing from its lower side to the’margin, but this -
place is obliterated ; the cubital cell (vill, Comst.) is very narrow.

According to my interpretation (Amer. Jour. Sci., April, 1908) the
strong bend in the upper branch of the media is perhaps a relic of a
condition in which a cross-nervure (found in most Nemestrinids) passed
from thence to the radial sector ; no trace of this now remains,

174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hfab.—Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, Station 14 (7: D. A.
Cockerell, July 8, 1906). The genus AZf7crostylum, Macquart, has at
present four species in our fauna; two from Dallas, Texas; one from
Pecos River, on the borders of Texas and New Mexico, and Kansas; and
one from Mexico. ‘The fossil is named after Dr. W. M. Wheeler, in
recognition of his important contributions to dipterology, and in remem-
brance of the fact that he was present when it was found.

Proctacanthus Philadelphicus, Macq. (specimen from Mesilla Park,
New Mexico, caught preying upon a honey-bee), compared with JZ
Wheeleri, shows the following important differences in the venation :

1. The cell in the forks of the radial sector is conspicuously longer
and narrower.

2. The apex of cell rst V, (Comst.) is rather broadly contiguous with
the base of cell V,, or, in other words, the lower branch of the media is
sharply angled at the base, the point emitting the cross-vein to cell V3.

3. Cell V; (enclosed within the branches of the cubitus, according to
my view) is cuneiform, pointed basally, but broadly obliquely truncate
apically, and connected with the margin by only one nervure.

Dialysis revelata, n. sp. (Leptide).

Length, 1823 mm.; proportions about as in D. rujfithorax, Say,
except that the abdomen is somewhat longer ; head small, diam. 2 mm.
or a fraction over, appearing black; thorax reddish-brown (perhaps
ferruginous in life), diam. 4 mm.; abdomen pale reddish-brown, with
whitish bands at the bases of the segments, the second and third especially
having about the basal half whitish ; wings ample, about 134% mm_ long,
the nervures pale ferruginous ; anterior legs pale reddish ; middle and
hind femora dark brown or black, but their tibiz and tarsi paler ; length
of hind femora about 6 mm., of middle femora, 5% or a little more.

Venation like that of D. elongata, Say (disstmilis, Walker), as figured
by Williston from Austen’s drawing (Kans, Univ. Quarterly, April, 1895,
p. 264), except as follows :

1. The subcosta reaches costa about 8 mm. from base of wing, thus
considerably beyond the middle.

2. Vein Ry,; (following the nomenclature of Comstock and Need-
ham, Amer. Naturalist, XXXII, p. 233) is strongly bent downwards where
R,,; leaves it. (Such a bend is slightly indicated in Lef/zs.)

3. The discal cell is longer; on its upper side, the part beyond the
cross-nervure to the radius, is much more than twice as long as that
before it,

4+5

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175

4. The cell Ms, or fifth posterior (cell in the forks of the cubitus,
according to the nomenclature proposed by me for the Nemestrinidz), is
present, and rather widely open at the apex.

5. The cubita] cell (Comst. and Needham) is also open at the apex.

It has been shown by Mr. C. W. Johnson (Ent. News, 1897, p. 118)
that the presence of the fifth posterior cell is not a generic character in
this group, since in D. rufithorax it is present or absent, without even
specific difference.

Hab.—D. revelata is from the Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado,
at Station 14 (W. P. Cockerell, 1907). I submitted a drawing cf this
species to Prof. A. L. Melander, and it is to him that I am indebted
for the suggestion that the species belongs to Dzalyszs. It is remarkable
for its large size, and some venational characters above indicated, but I
cannot find any sufficient reason for regarding it as another genus. The
characteristic flexure of R, is exactly as in Déalyszs.

This is the first American fossil Leptid. Of Leptidz-in the broad
sense (including Xylophagidz) numerous species have been described
from Baltic amber, but only one (Xylophagus pallidus, Heer.), from other
rocks, namely, from Aix. All of the European fossil Leptids are from the
Oligocene.

NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.

BY 'S.- A. - ROHWER, BOULDER, COLO.

PAPER I (SPECIES FROM COLORADO).

The term middle fovea is used in these descriptions, and I expect to
use it from now on, for the fovea between the antenne. ‘This is what Mr.
C. L. Marlatt (Rev. of the Nematine of N. Am., Tech. Ser., No. 3, Dept.
of Agriculture) calls the antennal fovea. The term antennai fovea in my
descriptions from now on will mean the fovea at the base of each antenna.
‘‘Ocellar basin” is the basin in which the lower ocellus is placed. ‘Middle
carina” is the carina that is sometimes found between the antenne.

Iam greatly. indebied to Prof. C. P. Gillette for the loan of the
Saw-flies belonging to the Colorado Agricultural College. Also to Prof.
T. D. A. Cockerell for many valuable suggestions, and to Dr. A. D.
MacGillivray for permission to describe some Saw-fltes which he had
named in manuscript.

It is my plan to have a series of papers on Saw-flies, in some cases
giving notes and descriptions of new ones, and in others giving tables of
the species of America, north of Mexico.

June, 1908

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Euura brachycarpea, nv. sp.—Q. Length about 5 mm. Head with
a few fine punctures on vertex. Clypeus shallowly emarginate, lobes
broad, rounded, antennal foveze large and deep; middle fovea (antennal
fovea of Marl. Rev. Nematinz of N. Am.) elongate, well defined, ocellar
basin shallow, better defined by the lower wall ; a slight depression around
each lateral ocellus; 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th joints of antennz subequal;
thorax smooth, shining ; tarsal claws cleft, rays subequal ; intercostal vein
its own length before basal ; discal cells of hind wings equal on the outer
margin, the lower one is much broader than the upper; sheath broad,
rounded on lower apical margin; cerci long and slender; apex of
abdomen and sheath with long white hairs. Colour shining black ;
mandibles, except apex, which is piceous, labrum, edge of clypeus, tegule,
small spot on angle of pronotum ; legs, except bases of cox and a line
on femora, beneath clear reddish-yellow ; apex of venter is sometimes
piceous ; wings hyaline; nervures brown; costa and base of stigma
pallid.

The ¢ does not differ much from the 2; the apical joints of the
antenne are rufous, the costa is darker, the femora are usually darker, the
posterior are sometimes piceous, and the posterior tarsi are usually
infuscate.

One 2 has the posterior and upper orbits ferruginous, and the
superclypeal area and whole of clypeus reddish-yellow. The upper orbits
in a good many specimens are rufous.

Hab,—Florissant, Colo., between June 16 and July 24, 1907, but
mostly on July 7, ’07, when the type was collected. “On Salix brachy-
carpe” (S. A. Rohwer). An Euura gall, common on this Salix at Floris-
sant, and the only one I found there is much like Auura salicis-ovum, and
I think it must be the gall of Euura bachycarpe, although no adults were
raised.

This species is most nearly related to Z. albiricta, Cress., but may be
known from that species by being larger, having no testaceous spot
between eyes, the posterior angle of pronotum being reddish-yellow, and
the black of the femora in the @ being a line beneath.

Euura parva, n. sp.— &. Length about 31% mm. Head with small,
rather dense punctures, vertex rounded ; clypeus circularly emarginate,
lobes broad, rather pointed ; antennal fovee rather deep, longer below
antenne ; middle fovea elongate open at the top; ocellar basin very
shallow at the top, but fairly distinct nearer the antenne ; 3rd and 4th

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 177

joints of the antennze equal, next two equal and the last three subequal ;
thorax with fine dense punctures above, smooth beneath and on sides ;
tarsal claws minutely cleft, rays equal ; venation normal, lower discal cell
wider than upper, the lower and upper equal on outer margin ; sheath
broad, rounded on lower apical margin ; cerci long and rather stout ;
sheath clothed at apex with hairs. Colour dark brownish; clypeus,
labrum, mandibles, except tip, cheeks, orbits, tegule, posterior angles of
pronotum, all of the legs, venter and sheath reddish-yellow, the abdomen
above of the paratype is pale piceous ; antennee beneath and apical joints
dull ferruginous, wings hyaline, nervures pale brown, costa and base of
stigma paler.

Hab.—Ft. Collins, Colo. Type collected April 24, 1905 ; paratype
May 21, 1906.

This species seems quite distinct, and is easily distinguished by its
small size from all except a/dzricta, Cress., from which it may be known
by the more abundant pale markings.

Cephaleia punctata, n.sp.— ?. Length about 12 mm. Head almost
as wide as thorax, much broader above than beneath ; eyes placed well
forward ; vertex very broad, flat; a broad low carina between antennz
and on basal part of clypeus ; clypeus truncate, broader on the lower part;
left mandibles tridentate, right bidentate, inner tooth largest ; antenne
long, slender, extending somewhat past the base of abdomen, first joint
wider and about three times as long as second, third longer than
four + five; ocellar region with dense deep punctures ; vertex and sides of
head with deep, scattered punctures ; lateral lobes of mesonotum and
scutellum with deep, scattered punctures, similar to those on the head ;
mesepimera with deep punctures on lower and extreme upper part, the
middle somewhat corrugated ; metathorax and abdomen smooth ; claws
with an inner tooth about one-third from apex ; four hind tibiz with a pair
of spurs about one-fourth (or more) from apex, and another single spur
about a fourth above these ; second transverse cubital uniting with radius
about one-third of its length beyond transverse radius. Colour shining
black ; anterior margin of clypeus, a line in middle, inner orbits broadly,
large spot on upper inner orbit, cheeks, broad band on side of head,
extending from cheeks to occiput, where it joins with a crescent
formed by a line from top of eye to occiput, then curving downward,
crescents uniting, the lower outside part of crescent is a thin line, so that
on one side there is a break, two large elongate spots on vertex (the

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

heavier marking of the vertex and occiput together form a sort of M, the
outer lines being heavier), posterior margin of pronotum, tegule, triangular
spot on anterior lobe of mesonotum, posterior and lateral half of lateral
lobes of mesonotum and base of scutellum, these form a broad U, to lines
on under side of prothorax, broad band on mesepimera, line above
posterior coxe, light yellow ; abdomen, except a black spot on apex of
venter around sheath, and sheath, legs from apex of femora, mandibles,
antenne from first to about twelfth joint, rufous. Wings somewhat fuscous,
a band from base of stigma across wing to the apex of second discoidal cell
and posterior margin fuscous ; nervures brown, stigma at apex and base
of costa lighter.

Habitat.—Florissant, Colo., July 12, 1907. (S. A. Rohwer.)

This species may easily be separated from the other members of this
genus (C. Canadensis, Nort.; C. Quebecensis, Prov., and C. ochreipes.
Konow gives ochreipes as a syn. of Canadensis, but I believe it to be
distinct) by the triangular and U-shaped spots on upper side of meso-
thorax. I have gone through ail the descriptions of the N. Am. species
of the genus Lyda in the Cressonian sense, and it is none of those,
although in coloration it is nearer some species assigned by Konow to
other genera than that in which this species is placed. It belongs to the
sub-genus Cepha/eia, as given by Konow in the ‘‘Genera Insectorum.”

Emphytus Gillettei, n. sp. (=. Gullettei, MacG., M.S.).—@.
Length about 8 mm. Form similar to 2. me//ipes. Head smooth, with a
few small punctures ; ocellar basin with sloping wails, almost united with
the middle fovea, the walls of which are not as sloping ; antennal ridge
prominent, extending into clypeus ; clypeus deeply, angularly emarginate,
as long as the second joint of antenne; a furrow from base of each
antenna to occiput ; a furrow between lateral ocelli ; middle fovea large ;
four apical joints of antennz constricted at base, third joint a trifle the
longest, four and five subequal ; thorax, in general, punctured like head ;
angles of pronotum, scutellum and postscutellum with denser and larger
punctures ; lower part of pronotum and a spot on mesepimera at side
irregularly roughened ; first joint of tarsi as long or a little longer than
2+3,; inner claw tooth long, making the claws look bifid ; transverse
radial curved, received in middle of cell; second recurrent nervure in
basal third of second cubital; lanceolate cell of hind wings shortly
petiolate at apex; abdomen with fine, rather dense punctures ; sheath
broad, obtusely pointed at apex above, rounded beneath. Colour black ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

apical joints of antennz and mandibles, except base, dark rufous ; tegule,
cenchri, spot on middle of basal plates above, two spots on fourth abdo-
minal segment above (these spots are sometimes confluent and form a
band above), trochanters, extreme apex of posterior coxz, a small band on
posterior tibiz at base, white; palpi, anterior tibiz and tarsi beneath,
intermediate tibize and tarsi beneath somewhat, pallid or pale testaceous ;
posterior femora, tibiz and tarsi yellow-red ; tibie and tarsi infuscated ;
pleura with short white hair. Wings dusky-hyaline ; nervures and stigma
dark brown. r

Habitat.—Colorado, May 21, tg01; also specimens from Denver,
Colo., May 30, 1902, and one from Boulder, Colo., May 17, 1902. (S.
A. Johnson.) Specimens and type in collection of Colo. Ag. College.

The posterior legs are sometimes darkened, but there is always a
strong rufous tinge. The sculpturing of the head varies somewhat, but
the markings are always present, although sometimes faint,

This species seems to fall between 2. me//ipes, Harris, and Z£.
cinctipes, Nort. It may be known from £. me//ipes by the dark, almost
entirely black, four anterior legs, the white on the fourth abdominal
segment not going all the way round, etc. From £. cinctipes by having
the posterior femora and tibiz yellow-red, stigma unicolour, etc.

Emphytus Coloradensis, Weldon.—(CAn. EnT., Sept., 1907, p. 304.)
The following notes may be useful in determining this remarkable species.
They were made from the type, which is a male. Head densely punc-
tured ; clypeus emarginate ; antenne stout, joints somewhat rounded out
beneath, rather short, malar space distinct ; thorax punctured, but not as
densely so as head; claws simple ; transverse radial joining the radial —
nervure beyond the second transverse cubitus ; wings subhyaline. Length
about 5 mm.

This species is quite distinct from all American ones.

Habitat.—Little Beaver Creek, Larimer Co., Colorado, July 4, 1896
(C. P. Gillette). “Taken above timber line, 11,500 ft. altitude.”

Hloplocampa bioculata, n. sp. (=H. bioculata, Macg., M.S.), @.
Length about 5 mm. Head not as wide as thorax ; vertex rounded ;
covered with very small dense punctures ; antennz placed in two deep,
large foveze, which extend to clypeus ; the middle fovea small, but quite
distinct ; third, fourth and fifth antennal joints subequal ; clypeus broadly,
angularly emarginate, lobes broad, rounded ; labrum rounded at apex ;
thorax with fine dense punctures above, almost smooth beneath ; inter-
costal vein more than its own length basal to basal vein ; lanceolate cell

180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of hind wings longly petiolate at apex ; upper discal cell extending beyond
lower ; claws simple, first tarsal joint of intermediate legs nearly as long
as joints 3+4+5; sheath broad at base, pointed at apex above, rounded
below. Colour black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except at apex, lower
orbits and tegulz, luteous ; palpi, spot on upper orbits, antennz beneath,
tibiee and tarsi reddish-brown (the density of this colour varies somewhat) ;
anterior femora sometimes the colour of the tibie. Wings hyaline ;
nervures and stigma pale brown, stigma lighter in middle.

Habitat.— Dixon Canon, Larimer Co., Colo., May 9 (C. P. Gillette) ;
also specimens from Ft. Collins, Colo., May 11, 1899; 2 92’s, Foothills,
near Ft. Collins, Colo., May 15, 1897, flowers of Amelanchier alnifolta
(C. P. Gillette) ; 1 9, Dixon Canon, Colo., May 6, 1894 (C. F. Baker).

This species is quite distinct. It seems nearest to HZ. obtusa, Klug.,
from Georgia, from which it may easily be separated by the colour of the
basal plates, etc.

Lycasta fusca, n. sp. (=ZL. fusca, MacG., M.S). g. Length, 6mm.
Head a little wider behind eyes ; vertex broad; malar space distinct ;
clypeus broadly emarginate, lobes small, pointed ; labrum slightly emar-
ginate ; superclypeal space depressed into a furrow ; middle fovea distinct,
broadening above, where it is joined by two furrows, which come from
inner orbits and extend to vertex ; ocellar basin small, but well defined ;
antenne reaching about to apex of scutellum, third joint distinctly longest,
last six subequal ; thorax, as is the head; with fine punctures ; punctures
on scutellum and postscutellum well defined ; tarsal claws simple ; trans-
verse radial received in apical third of cell; lanceolate cell shortly
contracted, or with a very short broad cross nervure; lanceolate cell of
hind wings petiolate at apex; abdomen with irregular small punctures ;
seventh ventral segment broadly rounded at apex. Colour black ; face
below antenne, pleura and legs with sparse, short gray hair; antennz
with very short, sparse gray hair ; in two specimens the anterior tibie and
tarsi are pallid beneath, infuscated. Wings dark fuscous, shining in
certain lights with green and crimson ; nervures and stigma black.

Habitat.—Ft. Collins, Colo., June 4, 1899; also June 4, 1901, and
Horsetooth Gulch, Larimer Co., Colo., April, 1895 (C. P. Gillette and C.
F. Baker). Collection of Colo. Agric. College.

This species is quite distinct from all other members of the genus,
and may be easily known by being entirely black,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 181

FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA.
(Continued from page 156.)

39. Chionobas Macounit, Edw.—During June (22nd-24th), 1905,
Mr. Hudson and I came across the true habitat of this species. About
ten or twelve miles west of here, in the “ Billings’s Mill” locality, is where
we had occasionally taken a few specimens in previous years, flying near
the foot of the spruce-covered hills, Most of the hills are heavily timbered
on the north slopes, the spruce timber merging into poplar scrub at the
summit, and the southern slopes are grass-covered and void of timber.
Amongst the poplar scrub, and at the edge of the spruce, is where we
found both sexes quite fresh, the males comparatively common, on the
above dates. The light colour of the upper side makes it a more con-
spicuous object than 7z¢ta when on the wing, and though, perhaps, just as
shy of approach, its flight is rather slower, and it usually settles on fallen
timber instead of high in standing trees like that species. The difficult
nature of the ground prevented our taking more than we did. Some males
show a decided tendency to develop a sex-mark, thus showing a closer
relationship to y/gas than was previously supposed. /uffa was common
at the same time, in amongst the timber, and usually at the foot of the
hills, where AZacouniz was far less often seen.

41. C. Alberta, Elwes.—For “below the cell,” in line 12, read
‘“‘ opposite the cell.” The species has been very scarce of recent years.

42. C. varuna, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl found this species common on
the Kootenai Plains, near the head of the Saskatchewan, in mid-July.

44. C. EFeanit, Elwes, = subhyalina, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl and I
found this common on the only three peaks we visited near Lake Louise,
Laggan, on July roth and 2oth, 1904. These are Mts. Piran, Fairview
and Saddle Peak. (For altitudes vide under astarte.) We saw it then
only on or very near the extreme summits, though Mr. Bean writes in
Edw. Butt. N. Am., III: “Its observed range of altitude extends from
7,300 ft., for occasional stragglers, timber-line at Laggan being 7,000 ft.,
to 8,500 ft., as the males habitually frequent rock wastes at the points and
ridges of the peaks. The females seldom reach such localities, but chiefly
inhabit sedgy slopes in a belt of altitude between 7,500 and 7,800 ft.”
We met with but few females, but one from Fairview on roth is labelled
“Near summit ; over 8,500 ft.” Mrs, Nicholl found it common on all

June, 1908

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the high peaks of the Rockies, where she collected during that season, and
says: ‘‘I never found the female lower down, as was the case with
astarte.” She also met with it commonly during her trip far north of
Laggan last summer. On July 16th last I caught nine specimens on
Piran, including one or two females, during cold weather, with very little
sunshine. During a short glimpse of shine, if one did not get up in sight
of its own accord, I could occasionally stalk one up, and marking it down,
often found it sleepy and easy to catch. One that I marked, I dug out
from amongst the stones nearly two feet down. On this occasion I saw
more on the lower ridges at approximately 8,000 feet, than at the extreme
summit, and there is much easier footing. On the 18th, warm and sunny,
I found it fairly evenly distributed, though scarcely common, all over the
southern and eastern slopes of the mountain for about 7,500 feet up, but
confined my attention more to other species. But late in the afternoon I
took a female, in probably her first flight, within 200 feet of Lake Agnes,
that is, below 7,000 feet and within the timber line. I should mention
that this was during an abnormally late season. I believe, however, that
the summits may produce insect life earlier than the lower levels, as the
snow often goes from these first, and the rock-piles radiate the sun’s heat
tremendously. In hot weather it is rather shy, but does not make very
long flights. With caution it is easily stalked. I have also taken this
species on Mt. Stephen, Field, July 7th, Mt. Field on the 8th, and saw one
settle close to me on the summit of a mountain about eight miles soutn-
east of Windermere, B. C. This was probably not above 7,0co0 feet, as
timber just reaches the summit. Specimens that I have seen in Pacific
Coast collections from Mt. Cheam are a little shorter in wing than the
Rocky Mountain form, in this respect resembling Brucez. Iam indebted
to Mr. Taylor for one of these specimens.

46. This is Zhecla troides, Bdv., according to Mr. Cook. I have
compared a short Calgary series with specimens labelled zoz¢des, from
Kaslo, Victoria, and Wellington, B. C., and they differ only slightly in
colour, the b. C. specimens inclining more to purple or violet beneath.
Some local specimens match them very closely, however. Dr. Dyar says :
‘“As between the two I should call your Calgary species augustus.”
Mr. Cook claims, in Can. Ent., XXXIX, p. 146, that the two are separable
by early stages. My dates are from May 12th to zoth. Mrs. Nichoil
records it from Banff in May.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183

47. This is the form described by Messrs. Cook and Watson as
Incisalia polios (Can. Ent.. XXXIX, 202, June, 1907), and some of my
few specimens agree well with their figures on Plate 5 (July). It is stated
after the description that ‘‘/o/os most nearly resembles Mossit, Hy. Edw.,
from which it differs in the presence of the hoary margin of the primaries,
the broad hoary area of the secondaries, . . . andin the colours of
the fringe.” And further: ‘‘ Undoubtedly jodios has been confused by
collectors with crus, Henrict or Mossii,” and comparisons are made with
these species. Dr. Skinner, in Ent. News, XVIII, 327, says: ‘I do not
consider it specifically distinct from Z? M/osstz. . . . . The species
extends across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
and the type (¢, 2. ¢., of JMZossiz) comes from Esquimault, V. I.” My
dates are from May 5th to June zoth. The latter date is exceptionally
late, but the specimens are in fine condition.

50. Z- tétus, Fab.— Red Deer River, July 25th and 26th, 1907, not
rare.

55- I have described this form as avethusa in Can. ENT., XXXIX,
169, May, 1907. It appears to be somewhat local, as I have not so far
met with it elsewhere than in the two localities mentioned under the
description. A few days after taking a series near Billings’s Mill, I spent
an afternoon hunting closely for it over what appeared to be precisely
similar ground ten miles distant, without finding a specimen. Dates of
capture, July 5th to 20th. Dr. Skinner writes to me: “I consider it a
variety of pA/eas, and nearer to that than var. Americana.” He had previ-
ously listed the form as pA/eas jn Sup. 1, page 18, of his Catalogue. Mrs.
Nicholl came across it far north of Laggan, and I am indebted to her for
three pairs, labelled “ Brobokton Creek, July 5th-13th, Aug. rath, 13th,”
and ‘“ Brazeau Creek, July I6th.” One @ is my arethusa exactly, but
some of the rest approximate the eastern form very closely, one Q being
inseparable therefrom. Mrs. Nicho!l took other specimens, and Sir George
Hampson says they are like a form he took in Norway. I certainly
have a very similar male labelled ‘“‘ Norway sept.,” which is the only
European specimen sent me by Bang Haas as hyfophleas.

56. Chrysophanus Snowi, Edw.—I found this, somewhat sparingly,
on Mts. Fairview and Piran, at Laggan, on July 19th and 2oth, 1904,
chiefly on the same ground as A. Alberta, from about 8,000 feet up, but
occasionally on bare slides a little below the timber line. Mrs. Nicholl
writes: ‘A high mountaineer, never seen below 7,000 feet. Widely

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

distributed over the high Rockies, but seldom plentiful.” She reports
finding it rather common far north of Laggan last summer. Some of my
females have the centre row of black spots on primaries elongate as in the
var. fasciata of hypophleas.

Nearly all my blues are with Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, who is making a
special study of the genus, and who, I hope, willsoon straighten my species
out. Meanwhile Iam able to make these few additions to my former
notes.

[60a. Lycena lygdamas, Doubl.. var. oro, Scudd.—I cannot look
upon the specimens I referred to under this head as being distinct from
what I have listed as Couperiz, which is very variable. Dr. Fletcher, in
commenting upon Mrs. Nicholl’s record of Couperii from Calgary and the
Rockies, says: ‘‘ The mountain form here referred to is called Zygdamas
by Canadian collectors, following Mr. W. H. Edwards.” |

63. ZL. shasta, Edw.—I have not since seen the species from
anywhere near Calgary, but have found it, somewhat sparingly, on either
side of the Red Deer, north-east of Gleichen. It there frequents dry
gravelly ground, preferably at the top of isolated knolls so common in the
deep, water-worn coulees in that alkaline country, or close to the edge of
banks, seeming to be fond of the flowers that grow in such situations. A
few specimens were found in the coulee bottoms, June zoth to July goth,
though on the latter date most of my captures were much worn. I cannot
distinguish the form from specimens received from South Park, Colo.
The Red Deer locality is strictly prairie, and its occurrence there is rather
peculiar.

65. LZ. acmon, Doub.-Hew.—I have taken it on the Red Deer, flying
with shasta, but even less commonly. With Mr. Hudson I also took one
or two in a dry pit about a miie from Gleichen station, July 5th to oth, all
in fine condition. Dr. Fletcher says: ‘It is the ordinary form of acmon
not uncommon on the plains.” Specimens in my collection from Colorado
and California, which Dr. Fletcher tells me are the same species, have
large spots, and most of them a wide red band beneath. It is not unlikely
that the Banff specimen previously recorded may be datztozdes.

68. Pieris sisymbri, Bd.— Until recently I confused this species with
a dark var. of occidentalis, and I find that my Pine Creek records were
erroneous. I have, however, a pair of szsymdrz from Laggan, received
some years ago from Mr. Bean, the female being greenish-yellow, and
dated “end of May.” ‘These, with a third specimen, female, from Glen-
wood Springs, Colo., form a basis for comparison. The Laggan male

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

alone has black veins on primaries above, a character possessed by none
of my occidentalis. Quite the most obvious difference is in the marginal
venular markings wherever present. In szsymbri these are of uniform
width, not tending to widen out on the extreme margin. In occidentadis
they widen out on the termen, usually joining above, occasionally beneath.
Holland’s description of the under side of the secondaries of szsymbri fits
some of my occidentalis exactly, but though in an occasional specimen of
occidenta/is, the tendency there of the vein linings to broaden on the
margin is very slight, their strongly dentate form on the primaries in all
my specimens is unmistakable.

69. P. protodice, Bd.-Lec.—Except for an occasional female, I find I
can now separate this from occidentalis. Generally speaking, the markings
are all much heavier and darker in the latter, the marginal spots on -
primaries of frotodice male being reduced to insignificance, and the
secondaries beneath almost immaculate. There seems, too, a stronger
tendency in occidentalis for the inner row of black blotches to form a
band. Inthe females these differences are less pronounced, the black
markings in both species being rather strongly developed, and, leaving
the dark, strongly-marked form (calyce?) out of the question, the vein
linings of the under side of the secondaries are occasionally very much
alike. I have tried to find a constant feature in the inner submedian
interspaceal spot on primaries. In occidentalis this is rather small, with
a rather obvious tooth outwards. In frofodice it is usually much larger
and less obviously toothed. This, however, sometimes fails me in the
females ; in particular, a specimen from Chicago, where occidentadis surely
cannot be found, as well as at least one of my Calgary specimens, looking
equally well in either series. The outer margin of primaries in occidentalts
seems nearly straight or slightly convex. In profodice it is usually slightly
concave. This, however, is a variable feature. /Frofodice flies here in
June and July, and a second brood emerges at the end of August. Like
so many other species, it has been rather scarce here of recent years, and

I am very poorly off for material.

72a. Anthocharis creusa, Doub.-Hew.—Mrs. Nicholl took a speci-
men at Banff on June 2nd, 1904, and I took one there myself on July rst,
1907, quite fresh. JI also tooktwo or three in fine condition, and saw
twice as many more at timber line on Mt. Piran, on July 17th last. The
Calgary specimen previously recorded is probably the same species. In
Rep. 36, Ent. Soc. Ont., 1905, p. 79, Dr. Fletcher says: ‘“‘In creusa the

186 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black discal spot on primaries beneath is cut off square at the bottom,
where it runs along the vein. In ausonides this spot tapers.” In the two
species, as I believe them to be, occurring here, this character is not
constant either above or beneath. My specimens of creusa are —
considerably smaller than the average of azsontdes, though larger than the
smallest. The mountain specimens have rather more black basal shading
above, but the Calgary specimen has scarcely more. But all have very
much heavier reticulation beneath, with more green and less yellow, and
are more thickly dotted above the costal margin of primaries on both
sides. I have ventured to doubt whether Dr. Holland’s fig. 23 on Plate
XXXII is crewsa. The reticulations show through, and look suspiciously
thin, the costa is perfectly clean, and I have manifest azsonzdes with the
discal spot just as squarely cut. Dr. Skinner, however, says that the
figure is probably correct, and adds that crewsa is so very close to
ausonides that their exact relationship is not known. Mrs. Nicholl
reported cveusa to be not rare at Field during the first week in June of last
year, and I took a fresh specimen near timber line on a mountain
south-east of Windermere on July 13th. These appear to be the first
records for B. C.

73. Coltas elis, Streck.—Mrs. Nicholl writes concerning her 1904
trip: ‘“ #Zs was scattered rather sparingly over all the high mountains of
the main chain of the Rockies at an elevation of 6,500 to 7,500 feet. I
took the greatest number on the slopes of a mountain above Hector Lake
(= Wapta Lake, Hector, auct.): It also occurred at Lake Louise, Mt.
Assiniboine and mountains above Simpson River.” I think her Lake
Louise record refers to a specimen she took on Mt. Piran, above Lake
Agnes, on July 20th, when I was with her. It was probably its first
appearance. Of her 1907 trip she writes: ‘‘ Wilcox Pass, or rather the
valley just south of it, is the headquarters of C. e/’s, which swarms there,
with a few christina in company. It is evidently a northern insect, and is
the commonest Colias on the Athabasca.” She kindly sent me a few of
the specimens, in fine condition, dated July 27th.

74. C. eurytheme, Bd., var. eriphyle, Edw.—Whilst admitting that
I have made no special study of Colias, and have very little outside
material in the ezsytheme group, and moreover, that some forms of the
genus are as variable and confusing as there are to be found in Euxoa
amongst the noctuids, nevertheless, I find it hard to accept the two forms
passing in the west as eviphy/e.and eurytheme as being of the same specific

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

identity, That the two are very closely allied there can be no doubt,
occasional specimens being questionably separable even by colour.
Yet the general impression conveyed by a series, as well as the regular
occurrence of two broods of evzf/y/e in this district, as against the capture
of eurytheme during one season only, clearly suggests two species. Mr.
Bean, whilst at Laggan, perhaps made at least as close a study of the
North American species of this genus as any man has yet done, and a few
years ago I had a short correspondence with him upon this point. He
wrote : “ When I last studied the ewrytheme problem the status seemed to
be that in the north ewrytheme breeds true and eriphyle breeds true. But
the claim was made that in Colorado eggs of one form had sometimes
developed the other. J have often bred each form, and never had mixed
results. It was necessary to use great care in gathering the plants, to
avoid smuggling in stray eggs, and there a doubt comes in as to the
occasional mixed results.” The above is significant. The italics are
mine.

75a. | C. occidentalis, Scud.—The Lacombe specimens I referred to
under this name are without much doubt the same as the “ pale lemon-
yellow form” I mentioned under cristina. To me, however, they are
separable from true cA#rzstina solely by colour, the variations, in both the
colour forms, of the discal spots and width and shape of border, being
enormous, and in the females almost unlimited, though from personal
observation of the two—one form being sometimes fairly common on days
when the other is scarcely to be seen—I should strongly suspect two
species. After my previous publication, Dr. Fletcher expressed a doubt
to me whether a yellow christina ever existed. My reference was based
on a letter received seven years previously from Mr. Bean, which I showed
Dr. Fletcher, and from which I now quote. As I mentioned above, I
accept Mr. Bean as being at the time one of the highest authorities on
Colias, particularly as he bred several species on a somewhat extensive
scale. He wrote from Laggan, discussing the opinion of a third person
to whom he had showed his enormous local collection: “I had shown him
a great series of christina bred and caught, ranging all the way from the
ultra orange forms of Assiniboia to the local extreme of unmarked white
females and yellow males with no orange at all. . . . . He admits
himself puzzled by the very slightest one of all the difficulties christina
presents, the colour variation, and that, although the unity of the colour
Sorms has been fully established.” The italics are mine. I have a male

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

and two females of the species known as occidentalis, from Wellington, B.
C. They seem to differ from some of my specimens only in having rather
more of the basal shading of black scales above, except that I happen to
possess no Calgary females of that exact shade of colour, viz., greenish-
yellow. A series of thirty Calgary females of the occidentalis-christina
group are either orange, yellow or greenish-white, and scarcely any two
even nearly alike in either colour or markings. Of much the same colour
as the Wellington females are a few I took at Windermere, July roth to
13th. These, with the males from the same place, are like my No. 75a in
the very restricted area of the basal shading, but have a rather smaller
discal spot on secondaries, which, in the males, shows through scarcely
darker than the ground colours above. By these characters they are.
without much doubt, identical with a species of which I have two pairs
from Osoyoos, B. C., and a male from Pullman, Wash., which Mr. Elwes,
Dr. Barnes and Dr. Fletcher all tell me are emz/za.. The male border is
narrower than in most Calgary specimens of the group, in which, however,
it varies much, even in orange chréstina, as does also the size and colour
of discal spots in my 75a series. ‘That this includes another species,
emilta, 1s not impossible, but I do not know how to pick them out. Dr.
Fletcher’s likening the male to a large zzferzor in his notes on Mrs.
Nicholl’s 1904 list, will not do, as in that species the band is not cut
through by yellow veins, as seems usually the case with em//ia. |

76. This species is C. zuterior, Scud., and agrees with specimens
from Nepigon, Ont. |

77. C. nastes, Bd.—Dr. Skinner, in telling me that Streckeri—
erroneously listed by him in his Cat. Supp. 1 as a species—was described
by Grumm Grohimailo from Laggan specimens as a var. of wastes, adds :
‘* As far as I can tell there is little, if any, difference between the Alberta
nastes and those found in Europe.” I found the males just coming out
on Mt. Piran on July 2zoth, 1904, on shaly A. Alberta ground. All I
took that. day were over 8,000 feet. Mrs. Nicholl reports it common at
very high levels on every mountain she explored in the Rockies that year.
She writes (under wastes): “It varies considerably, and I think that
those from Mt. Assiniboine, the most southern point at which I found
them, are paler and yellower than the more northern specimens.”

78. Parnassius smintheus, Qoub.-Hew.—My Laggan capture was a
male, on what I have referred to as ‘‘ Slate Mountain,” three miles north-
east (I wrote south-east in error) of Laggan station, on Aug. 8th, 1gor, a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189

little below timber line. That from Banff was at about the same altitude
on Sulphur Mt., on Aug. rath. During 1904 Mrs. Nicholl met with males
only at Simpson River, about twenty miles north of Mt. Assiniboine, on
Aug. 13th and 14th, well above tree level. I have one of these specimens,
which she refers to var, Befhriz, and is very like Holland’s figure of that
form. My Laggan specimen is similar, that from Banff I sent away. She
also sent me a few of a very similar form labelled ‘*Wilcox Pass, July 27th,
1907.” The type of var. zanus, Neum., is stated in Mr. Wright’s book to
have been taken near Calgary.

80. Papilio nitra, Edw.—Dr. Skinner says that a specimen I sent
him is ‘‘quite unlike Holland’s figure of the type,” and is probably Bairdiz
or some slight var. of it, and that he has many like it from Colorado.
In Holland’s figure the yellow is a trifle darker in shade, and the black
bar at end of cell on secondaries lighter, otherwise some of my short series
scarcely differ. Holland’s figures of wétra and Lairdii appear to differ,
chiefly in the intensity and extent of the black basal shading, and form of
anal eye spot. The Calgary species varies somewhat in these respects,
approaching both. 1 have acrippled Bazrdi: g bred by Mr. Edwards
froin Colorado eggs, and I must admit that its differences from Calgary
specimens have never been clear to me. Asterias (from Ontario) also
resembles the local form closely above in the male, but differs considerably
beneath. I have not taken and but rarely seen a specimen for several
years.

84. Pamphila comma, Linn., var. Manitoba, Scud.—I took a male,
not quite fresh, near the summit of Mt. Piran, at about 8,500 feet, on July
2zoth, 1904. J am not sure to which name it is exactly referable.

87. P. peckius, Kirby.—Fairly common some years. Pine Creek,
Billings’s Mill, Gleichen, and Red Deer River. July.

89. P. cernes, Bd.-Lec.—Head of Pine Creek, June 25th to 28th.

90. Pyrgus tessellata, Scud., var. occidentalis, Skinner. The ordinary
north-western prairie form has been described as occidentalis by Dr.
Skinner in Ent. News, XVII, page 6, March, 1906, and figured on PI.
XIII, in the October number of that year, together with fesse//ata and
syrichtus. On page 278 Dr. Skinner states that it is ‘not a species, but
only a form or geographical race of fesse/lata. . . . . It is smaller
and whiter in colour, and the spots are larger in proportion to the ground
colour.” He has specimens from N.-W. T. (Geddes), California, Arizona,
and Texas. One of my specimens bears his label. Though far from
common here in the hills, it is usually very common all over the prairies

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

round Gleichen, and from there to the Red Deer River north-east. It is
either very playful or pugnacious, I am not sure which, and a great
pest when one is after other small species. It darts upto another species
on which the collector has his eye, goes through a kind of lightning three-
card-trick performance for about a second, then darting as rapidly away,
so distracts the eye as to confuse the beholder’s power of distinction.

93. LVisoniades perstus, Scud.—Dr. Dyar refers my form to afranius,
Lint., but Dr. Skinner, confirming his previous identification as Aerstus,
says: “ Afranius is at best only a local race of perszus.”

ADDITIONAL RHOPALOCERA.

570. Melitea acastus, Edw.—Rather common locally on the Red
Deer River bottom, north-east of Gieichen. In coulee bottoms. End
June to middle July. I had this species for some years under the name
palla, and have probably sent specimens out as such.

571. Phyciodes nycteis, Doubl.-Hew.— Recorded from Edmonton in
Skinner’s Catalogue. It was recorded thence by Geddes.

572.—Grapta silenus, Edw.—Mrs. Nicholl records the capture of
tWo specimens at Banff, Aug. 30th, 1904. Ihave a specimen from Van-
couver, received as such, and agreeing with Holland’s figures, though
darker, but have seen nothing like it from Alberta.

573. G. progne, Cram.—This seems to b? less uncommon than the
other Graptas occurring here, though I had not recognized it when I pub-
lished my list. My dates are from Aug. 18th to May 2oth, but like the rest
of the genus here, it seems to go into hibernation early and come out late.
I bred a specimen last fall from a full-grown larva found in a water tank,
where I think it had dropped from a willow bush.

574. Pyramets carye, Abn.—Mr. Willing assures me that he has
taken this species in Alberta. [am not aware that I ever saw it.

575. Limenttis archippus, Cram.—-Two fine males by the side of the
C. P. R. track at Gleichen station, on July rith, 1904.

576. Meominois Ridings, Hdw.—My first acquaintance with this
species was with a pair presented to me by Mr .T. N. Willing, from
Macleod, July 2nd and 8th, rg04. Mr. Arthur Hudson next came across
it on a high dry knoll near the edge of the upper bench on the north side
of the Red Deer, about 50 miles north-east of Gleichen, on July 5th, rgo5.
We subsequently found it, on that day and the next, in several similar
situations, within a mile or two of the same spot. We took both sexes.
It appeared to be very local, and by no means common. I also took a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191

few, mostly worn, whilst on a visit to the same locality on July 23rd of last
year. I observed none south of the river. In habits and flight it is
peculiarly like Chzonobas Alberta, and, indeed, it is not altogether unlike
that species in habitus. ;

577. Satyrus sylvestris, Edw., var. charon, Edw.—This seems pecul-
iarly erratic in its distribution. I never met with it until 1904, when I took
three males, quite fresh, on, and in coulees near, the Red Deer River flat
north-east of Gleichen, on July gth. I found it on both sides of the river,
but saw no others. It was evidently just appearing. Mr. Hudson and
I failed to find it there in early July of the following year, nor did I see
any when there between July 23rd and 27th of last year. It occurs at
Banff, as Mrs. Nicholl took it there in 1904, and I saw one in the museum
labelled by Mr. Sanson, “Sun Dance Canyon, July 18th, 1906.” Mrs. Nicholl
tells me she found it just coming out on Kootenai Plains in mid-July of
last year, and I found it, rather sparingly (as I did any other butterflies),
at and below Windermere, on the Upper Columbia, B. C., from July roth
to 14th. It appears to be a mountain species, but as it occurs on the Red
Deer, I cannot understand why, during 14 years’ collecting, I should have
had no records from within sixty miles of Calgary. Geddes records it
from ‘Garnet Ranch” (Pincher Creek), and I have a specimen taken by
a non-entomological friend at Mt. Head, in 1906. Sy/vestris, by the way,
is really the variety. Holland says: ‘The form with obsolescent ocelli
has been named sylvestris by Edwards.” Edwards, however, in Butt. N.
Am., III, says: “It is charon, bandless on under hind wing ; and this
variation is not uncommon wherever the species is found.” I have this
variety from the Upper Columbia.

578. Chionobas Brucet, Edw.—Mr. Edwards in his Volume III says:
“Mr. Bean reports finding Bruce? at Laggan, Alberta.” This is probably
an error, asin part of the same work, published.several months later, he
quotes: from Mr. Bean: ““~.... “On a mountgi near Hector,’ B. C.,
two miles west of the Alberta Province line, . . . lives Chionobas
Brucei, never yet observed at Laggan, only nine miles distant.” Mrs.
Nicholl kept a sharp lookout for it during her five or six weeks’ collecting
in those regions during 1904, but failed to come across it. But she found
it in considerable numbers far to the north of Laggan during the latter half
of July, 1907. _She writes: “I have taken Srucez in plenty. It is
evidently a more northern species than 4eanz:, and I think harder to
catch. . . . The first place I took it was on a mountain at the head

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the North Forks of the Saskatchewan, flying with Beanz, and it was
common on all the high mountains north of that.” I am indebted to her
for a dozen specimens, both sexes. These are all labelled, ‘‘ Sheep
Mountain, July 30th,” and agree with Arwcez from Colorado. Mr. Sanson
took it on Sulphur Mountain, Banff, last year {J. Fletcher).

579. Lycea aguilo, Bdv.—Rather common on Mt. Piran, from
about 6,500 to 7,500 feet, on July 20th, 1904. Not having access
to my collection of blues at present, I cannot be sure from memory
that it does not occur below and above these limits. Mrs. Nicholl reports
it common far north of Laggan last year. In rgo4 she did not come
across it between Banff and Mt. Assiniboine, but found it locally abundant
near Lake O’Hara and Hector, B. C., and says: “It fairly swarmed on
the damp paten at the head of Lake Louise” (July 21st). I bred a specimen
on July 29th last from a larva found full-grown, on a rock in sunshine, far
above timber, about 7,500 feet, on Mt. Stephen, Field, on July 7th.

580. LZ. Scudderit, Edw.—I am convinced that some of the forms
referred to under this name in my notes on se/issa are distinct from that
species. I took a few females at Laggan, near the station, on July 18th, 1904,
which were quite different from me/rssa females, and which I associated
with males I had taken near Calgary, where it appears to be rare in places
where I have collected. In the absence of my collection, I can make no
comparisons.

c8r. Prerts occidentalis, Reak.—I take this species here as well as
protodice. (Cf. my notes on that species). I have six west British
Columbian specimens in my collection. Mrs. Nicholl says in her 1904
report: “ Var. calyce is the high mountain form of occidentalis, and is
much paler on the under side, and the veins yellow.” A specimen sent
me by Dr. Barnes as ca/yce is, however, the dark form. Holland does not
mention ca/yce, so 1 am here in the dark. Moreover, the high mountain
specimens I have taken are of the dark form. I saw four or five together
on a high bare ridge of Mt. Field, about 7,500 feet, one of which I caught.
I also took one at about the same altitude on Mt. Stephen, and several as
high as the extreme summit of Piran. I doubt whether it breeds above
tree level, and both light and dark forms occur at Calgary. All Calgary
specimens bearing dates between April z21stand May 22nd are the-dark
form, and those from June 24th to Aug. zoth—two of these from Gleichen
—are lighter, some very light and like prvofodice. ‘The high mountain dark
specimens are all July. There would seem to be two broods on the prairie,
the early one the darkest. It is much less scarce than protodice.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193

582. Colias pelidne, Bd., var. Skinnert, Barnes.—This form should
not be associated with znterior, which I listed in error as pedidne. Mrs.
Nicholl says that this is a very common butterfly over the whole of the
higher Rockies in August, from about 5,000 to 6,500 feet. It may be
taken right up to the timber line. She found it far north of Laggan in
1907. I took aspecimen on Fairview on July roth, r904. I have a male
from Yellowstone Park, one of the type localities. This sex resembles
that of Scuddert, and it is compared with that species in the description.
But in females of S&zner# the outer border somewhat resembles those of
intertor, whereas the female of Scudderi is nearer to that of Alexandra.

583. Pyrgus centauree, Ramb.—I took two worn specimens on Mt.
Piran on July 2oth, 1904, one at Agnes Lake, the other about 1,000 feet
above it and above the timber, = 7,500 feet. One of these has been
labelled “ centauree undoubtedly ” by Dr. Skinner. Mrs. Nicholl, during
the whole of her 1904 trip, only took one specimen, “‘ very high up, above
Lake Louise.” In 1907 she took one on Brobokton Pass in August,
which was possibly a second brood. She says: ‘*I have two that
Simpson got me early in May.” Mr. Jim Simpson was her guide and
packer. I took a splendid specimen below timber line on a mountain
about eight miles south-east of Windermere, B. C., on July 13th last,
flying with worn cespitadis. It is not on the B.C. list, though recorded
from that Province in Holland’s book.

(To be continued.)

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME’NEW MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM
PENNSYLVANIA.

BY AUGUST BUSCK, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D.-C.

Gnorimoschema alaricella, n. sp.—Labial palpi whitish, sprinkled
with blackish scales, especially externally; terminal joint with a black spot
at the base and a broad black annulation just before the tip. Face, head
and thorax white, heavily sprinkled with fuscous. Fore wings with the
bluish-white ground colour nearly obscured by darker scaling of black,
dark fuscous and brown, which suffuses the wing without definite pattern,
though with the effect of diffused longitudinal streaks. On the middle of
the wing is a very indistinct brown ocellate spot, with black centre, and on
the fold below it is another similar but still less distinct spot; both of these

are easily effaced and lost in the general dark scaling. Cilia gray. Hind
June, 1908

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

wings dark fuscous, with ochreous-tinted cilia. Abdomen with basal
joints velvety-yellow above ; tip and under side dark fuscous. Legs dirty-
yellow, dark mottled exteriorly ; tarsi blackish, with narrow indistinct
ochreous annulations. Alar expanse, 18-19 mm.

Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co, Pa. (F. Marloff.)

Type.—U. S. N. M., No. 11557.

A fine large species, typical of the genus, intermediate between
tetradymiella and Banksiella.

Gelechia fluvialella, n. sp.—Labial palpi dirty-ochreous, speckled
with dark brown exteriorly ; brush moderate, rounded, hardly divided.
Face iridescent-brown. Antenne dark purplish-brown. Head and thorax
light brown. Fore wings light brown, with a strong purplish sheen,
especially towards apex; exterior edge of the cell and the apical veins
roughly indicated by ill-defined, purplish-black longitudinal lines, more or
less confluent towards apex, Cilia ochreous, dotted with brown. Hind
wings light fuscous. Abdomen dark purplish-fuscous. Legs blackish, with
narrow ochreous annulations on tarsal joints. Alar expanse, r8-20 mm.

Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff.)

Type.— U.S. N. M., No. 11558.

A plain-looking species nearest ochreostrigella and ochreosuffusella,
but differing from the former by the dark brown thorax, from the latter by
the unmottled basal half of the fore wings and the less defined striation.

Borkhausenta ascriptella, n. sp.—Labial palpi light ochreous. Face
shining straw-coloured. Antenne straw-coloured ; in male with long (3-4) :
ciliation and slightly serrated towards the tip; basal joint with strong
pecten. Head and thorax straw-coloured. Fore wings shining straw-
coloured, sparsely sprinkled with single black scales and with black
markings as follows: extreme base of costal edge black; an ill-defined
short black longitudinal streak on the middle of the cell; a larger round
black dot at the end of the cell and a small black spot on the fold.
Cilia whitish-yellow. Hind wings light fuscous, cilia ochreous. Abdomen
and legs ochreous ; front legs black on anterior side. Alar expanse,
I0.5-11.5 mm.

Habitat.—Plummer’s Island, Potomac River, Md. (Busck.) Oak
Station, Pa. (F. Marloff.) Pittsburg, Pa. (H. Engel.)

Type.—U.5. N. M., No. 11559.

The species has the colour of and a certain general resemblance to
Tinea pellionella.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

The antennal pectination in the males is rather longer than normally
found in this genus, but the species is undoubtedly rightly placed near

pseudospretella, Stainton.

Lepermenia aloapunctella, n. sp.—Labial palpi blackish-fuscous ; inner
side of second joint ochreous. Face, head and thorax blackish-fuscous.
Antenne dark fuscous; basal joint with strong pecten. Fore wings dark
fuscous, mottled with lighter fuscous, black and brown scales. An ill-
defined, broad, blackish fascia across the middle of the wing is preceded
and followed by lighter patches. On the end of the cell is a round white
dot, preceded and followed by a black longitudinal dash. Apical cilia
blackish, tornal cilia gray. Before the middle of the dorsal edge is a large
black scale tooth, followed by a smaller one beyond the middle, and this
by two still smaller. Hind wings dark fuscous; cilia gray. Abdomen
and legs fuscous ; tarsi black, with ochreous annulations. Alar expanse,
13 mm.

Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).

Type —U. S..N. M., No. 11560.

One of the small dark species of this genus, but at once distinguished
from all described species by the conspicuous pure-white dot at the end of
the cell.

Batrachedra placendiella, 1, sp.—Labial palpi blackish-fuscous ;
terminal joint with an ochreous annulation at base and with the extreme
tip ochreous. Face light iridescent-fuscous. Head and _ thorax
~ dark fuscous. Antenne dark purplish-fuscous, with narrow black
annulations. Fore wings blackish-fuscous, slightly sprinkled with white
scales ; a black longitudinal streak on the fold at the middle of the wing,
with a smaller, nearly effaced, black spot obliquely above it on the disc,
and a biack longitudinal streak within the edge above tornus. Cilla light
fuscous. Hind wings dark fuscous, with lighter cilia. Abdomen dark
purplish-fuscous, with extreme anal tip ochreous ; in the female with short
protruding horny ovipositor, clothed with long erect hairs. Alar expanse,
II mm.

Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).

Type.—U. S. N. M., No. 11561.

This is exceedingly close to Batrachedra salicipomonella, Clemens,
of which I have bred specimens from willow galls, Washington, D.C. It

196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ee Ss ——s—.

corresponds in general colour and markings, though without the longitu-
dinal white streak, mentioned by Clemens, which, however, is not always
very pronounced in his species. But the present species is a more robust
insect with broader wings. Venation typical, with 6 and 7 separate in the
fore wings, 5 and 8 absent. Hind wings with all veins present.

Batrachedra trichella, n. sp.—LWLabial palpi light ochreous, with a
small black spot on extreme side of second joint. Face very light straw-
coloured, iridescent. Head and thorax light ochreous. Antenne smoky-
ochreous. Fore wings at base light ochreous, this colour gradually
deepening toward apex, where it has a purplish-brown tinge. Basal third
of costal edge thinly black ; at apical fourth is a short longitudinal black
streak on the middle of the wing, and at the base of the apical cilia is a
short tranverse black streak. The wing is sparsely sprinkled with scattered
black scales. Cilia light ochreous. Hind wings light ochreous. Abdo-
men fuscous. Legs ochreous. Alar expanse, 15-16 mm.

Habitat.—Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).

Type.-—U. S. N. M., No. 11562.

A large slender species nearest the European Latrachedra pinicolella,
Duponchel.

Venation typical, with 6 and 7 in fore wings stalked, 5 and 8 absent ;
hind wings with all veins present.

Etlachista orestella, 1. sp.—Oral parts, face, head and thorax pure
white. Antenne smoky on outer half. Fore wings white, with a slight
yellowish tinge ; on the fold equidistant from the base and the apex of the
wing lies a small oblong deep black spot, and obliquely above it is a
similar black spot at the end of the cell. Cilia and hind wings white.
Abdomen whitish-fuscous. Legs smoky-white. Alar expanse, 16 mm.

Habitat.— Oak Station, Alleghany Co., Pa. (F. Marloff).

Type.—U. S. N. M., No. 11563.

A very striking and easily-recognized species. Venation typical ;
fore wings with 11 veins, vein 4 absent, 6 and 8 out of 7. Hind wings
with 7 veins, 6 and 7 stalked, 5 absent.

ERRATUM.
On page 161, sixth line from the bottom, the following words were
inadvertently omitted by the transcriber after Phyton pallidum, Say :
‘“‘And two specimens of Cregya oculata, Say.”

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

ONE OF OUR NEGLECTED “GREENS” (GEOMETRIDA5),

BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

This little moth [ find generally associated, when present in collec-
tions, with phyl/inaria, Zell., which in reality is rather a rare species. For
a long time I have been aware of its distinctness, but I could obtain no
clean, fresh specimens of the latter for comparison. Packard’s description
(Zelleraria = phyllinaria), in Mono. Geo. Moths, p. 370, is an excellent
one, and, as he points out, the front is grveez and the colour more solid,
without irrorations, and the cross lines finer and firmer than in many

species. The following description should make the differences specific :

Chlorochlamys vertaria, n. sp.—Expanse, 14-15 mm. Palpi deep
ochre, tipped with red. Front brownish-red. Antenne and along costa
ochreous. ‘Thorax and all wings above pale sea-green, the latter finely
irrorate with whitish. Cross lines yellowish-white, distinct. On fore
wings basal line crosses in two rather strong outward curves, one from
costa to median vein, thence another to inner margin. Extra discal
starting from costa, two-thirds out, nearly straight at origin, rounds some-
what outwardly to vein 5, where it makes another outward curve to vein
1, and thence outward in a short straight line to inner margin, well within
anal angle. Sometimes this line makes a single broad outward sweep to
vein 1. No discal dots above or below. Fringes rather long, green at
base, white terminally. Hind wings without basal line. The extradiscal,
an extension from fore wings, runs subparallel with margin, but as in fore
wings, with two outward curves and outward straight line to inner margin,
the short curve opposite cell being sharper and well marked. Beneath
greenish-white, the extradiscal white lines above faintly showing through ;
costa rather broadly ochreous. Abdomen above and beneath, and legs,
white, a little tinged with ochreous, the fore tibiae washed with brownish-
red.

Type. — ¢- from. Phoenix, Ariz. (ix, 18, ’o7#@and 9 , Phoenix; Ariz.

(ix, 16, ’07), through Dr. R. E. Kunze, in my collection,

Co-types.--Three males,

PLATE 5,

ENT; (Velen)

CAN.

54535
R090
Rofoca

THERSGOLDEN* SNOW-FLEA:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

THE GOLDEN SNOW-FLEA, 4PHORURA COCKLEY, N. SP.
BY JUSTUS W. FOLSOM, URBANA, ILL.
(Plate 5.)

In British Columbia there is a minute yellow Collembolan that
appears in crowds so dense as to cover the snow with a carpet of gold.

This species was discovered by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B. C.,
whose specimens and data sent to Doctor Fletcher were by him referred
to the writer.

The literature on Collembola contains many references to snow-fleas,
and one author, Dr. R. Latzel, has made a convenient summary of all that
has been written on the subject (Carinthia, II, Nos. 5 and 6, Mitt. Naturh.
Landesm. Karnten, 1907).

In the United States only “ black” snow-fleas have figured in the
literature, and the species that has done most to deserve the name of
snow-flea is Achorutes nivicola, Fitch (see Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 315), a dark
blue species that swarms on the snow every year, in Massachusetts and
New York, and doubtless elsewhere. It is not often reported, however,
since it becomes active at a season when most of the collectors are still
dormant.

When most of the insects also are hibernating, Collembola are
active—even before Borews appcars, and before the winter species of
Perlide, Culicide, Chironomide, Bibionidze and Muscide are on the
wing. Collembola revive at a temperature that is too low to arouse other
insects ; in the Arctic region they flourish when other insects fail.

During his experience of many years in the mountains, Mr. Cockle
saw this golden snow-flea for the first time in 1906, and again in 1908; and
his inquiries among men who spend most of their time among the snows
have not enlightened him as to the occurrence of the species in other
localities. He has not found it on his summer trips among the glaciers ;
in fact, he has found it only at Kaslo, on a steep bank one hundred feet
above the river, at an altitude of 2,250 feet, and surmises that it came
from the river. None of the Collembola are known to be aquatic in their
development, however, though some of them frequent the surface of
water, and most of them require a moist atmosphere ; and the snow-fleas
develop in the soil or under loose bark or moss. This genus Aphorura is
essentially, but not altogether, terrestrial ; but the black snow-fleas of the
genus Achorutes develop under bark, as a rule, where they can be found

in the dead of winter, long before they appear on the snow.
June, 1908

200. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Mr. Cockle is as yet alone in his enjoyment of the spectacle
presented by the golden snow-flea. He writes enthusiastically about these
lively creatures that illumine the snow over patches of several square
yards. As the snow melts, the snow-fleas are carried off in the currents of
water and deposited on the surfaces of the pools, where they accumulate
in immense numbers. ‘They cannot sink in water, on account of their
clothing of bristles, and even in strong alcohol they are not easily immersed
without being shaken in the fluid, unless the fluid is hot.

The golden snow-flea loses its colour when it dies out of doors in the
pools, and becomes dirty white ; but when the insect is preserved in
alcohol or Canada balsam, the pigment is singularly permanent; the
specimens that Cockle sent out two years ago are now as vividly yellow
as ever.

Strictly speaking, the colour is not golden-yellow, but lemon-yellow—
even though the former would be preferable on account of its associations.

Aphorura Cocklet, n. sp., is lemon-yellow and slender. Head with
one pseudocellus behind the base of each antenna (Plate 5, Fig. 1).
Postantennal organ of eight to ten papilla, which vary in form within the
limits of oval, ovate and elliptical (Figs. 2, 3). Antenne three-fourths as
long as the head. Antennal organs five-lobed (Fig. 4), the lobes being
stout, rounded, and suboval, subovate or subconical. The number of
dorsal pseudocelli to each body segment is successively (Fig. 5) 0, 2, 2, 2,
2, 2, 2, 4,0. Anal spines two (Fig. 6), stout, curved, subequal in length
to one of the ungues, and seated on separated, or nonconfluent, papillee.
There is no trace of a furcula. Claws similar throughout, the first pair
being slightly larger than the rest; unguis (Fig. 7) stout, feebly curved,
untoothed ; unguiculus two-thirds as long as unguis, with semi-elliptical
basal lamella and acuminately prolonged apex ; tenent hair single, simple,
and as long as the unguis. Clothing of minute curved sete and fewer but
longer stiff setee. Maximum length, 1.8 mm.

Tullberg’s description of Aphorura sibirica (Collembola_ borealia,
1876, p. 40) applies, so far as it goes, to this snow-flea, but applies equally
well to a second species ; for the description is broad enough to include
at. least two distinct species. The other of these is a form which Dr. Karl
Absolon found in the caves of Moravia; and because it fell under
Tullberg’s description of szbzrzca, he retained that name for the cave form,
and at the same time gave a good description of the species (Zool. Anz.,
Bd., 23, 1900, p. 408). This description of Aphorura sibirica, Tullberg-
Absolon, fits our golden snow-flea, which has, however, certain characters
that Absolon did not mention.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201

Upon finding that Cockle’s species agreed in every respect with
Absolon’s description, I sent specimens and drawings to Absolon, in order
to determine whether the two species were the same. He informed me

that they were not; that his species was always white, and not so slender
as the yellow one ; and he sent me eight specimens of his cave species,
from which to draw my own conclusions.

I agree with him that the two species are distinct. They are sharply
separated by striking differences in colour and form, and by less striking
but not less constant differences in the antennal organs and the clothing.
In sibirica, Tullberg-Absolon, the lobes that constitute the antennal organ
are slender and finger-like—quite unlike those of Cock/lez. In szbirica,
T.-A., the minute curved sete of the body are few; in Cock/ez they are
numerous, and interspersed with longer and _ stiffer setae; and the
arrangement of the sete is conspicuously different in the two species, as 1s
indicated in Figures 8 and 9.

Since the golden snow-flea refuses to take the name of szbzrca, we
must give it a new name ; and it is appropriate, as Dr. Fletcher suggests,

to name this energetic entomological inhabitant of British Columbia after
Mr. JzeW > Cockle.

Four hundred and ninety-nine types, Kaslo, B. C., Jan. 31 and
March, 1906; Feb. 23, 1908; J. W. Cockle. Many of the types have
been sent to the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., and to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Others will be sent
to specialists in this order of insects.

PUAEE 5.
Fig. 1. A. Cock/et.—Base of left antenna, x 200.

: Postantennal organ of right side, x 1234.
6é se ee 6s ce 6s 6s
Right antennal organ, x 823.

Dorsal pseudocelli, x 43.
Right anal spine, x 400.
Left foot of first pair, x 4oo.

eI ANY DS

A. Cocklei.—Setze near median dorsal line of metathorax,
x 300.

. A, sibirica.—Sete near median dorsal line of metathorax,
X 300.

i
oe
\o

202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BROWN-TAIL MOTHS AT GARDINER, MAINE.

It is gratifying to learn that but few Brown-tail Moths’ nests are to be
found in this vicinity this spring, as compared with the number found last
year at this time. In the worst infested orchards last year where roo
nests were taken, not more than 4 or 5 are to be found this year. While
they were very thoroughly picked last year, it is hardly to be expected
that that is the entire cause for the decrease this year. Most of the nests
examined last year did not seem to be in a _ healthy condition—the larvee
were very stupified and many were dead, but I am sorry to say that all
that I have opened this spring are very lively and apparently ready for
business. As this is not far from the northern boundary of the Brown-
tail Moth area, it is interesting to note that we have had one year of a
decided decrease in their numbers. |

Two years ago not more than 20 nests were found in Gardiner, last
year about 2,000 were gathered in, and this year 200 would, perhaps, be a
fair estimate.—A. T. REYNoLDs, Gardiner, Maine.

TWO “NEW SPECIES “OF ASILIDA FROM —BRITISH
COLUMBIA.

BY JAMES S. HINE, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The two species of Robber Flies here described.as new were collected
by Messrs. R. V. Harvey and R. S. Sherman, who reside in Vancouver,
and who have sent in many other interesting species of Diptera. In one
of his annual publications Dr. Fletcher has adopted the plan of reporting

interesting captures of insects from the
various sections of Canada, and it is
; notable how many of those reported in
SS 1905 and 1906 were taken in British
Columbia. The insect fauna of the Prov-
ince soon will be fairly well known if the
dozen or more resident collectors maintain
J their present interest in the matter. Suc-
é cess to their efforts.
ie Cophura albosetosa, n. sp. — Black,
Pic. 7.—Side view of the head and an- thorax covered with gray dust, abdomen
enna of Cophura albosetosa.
shining blue-black, with white spots on
the sides of the segments, wings brownish-hyaline, body and legs clothed

with white bristles and hairs. Length, 7 to 9 mm.
June, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

Face slightly, but evenly convex and rather wide, front clothed
with silvery dust and white hairs, which are longest and coarsest, and
sometimes brownish near the oral margin. cellar tubercle rather
prominent ; posterior orbits thickly clothed with rather fine white hairs.
Antenna black, first two segments with white bristles ; third segment of
uniform width, with a short style bearing a small bristle at the tip ; length
much in excess of the first two segments together. Thorax clothed with
gray dust and furnished with white hairs, which on the disk may have a
brownish tinge ; scutellum clothed with gray dust and white hair ; legs
black, with white bristles and hairs, hind tibiz and tarsi somewhat
enlarged and with short golden pile on part of the anterior surface ; wings
uniformly very dilute-brownish, so dilute, in fact, that they might well be
said to be hyaline.

Male abdomen shining blue-black, of nearly uniform width throughout
its length. Each segment, from one to six on either side, with a distinct
white spot on the posterior margin.

Female abdomen shining blue-black, widest near the middle of its
length, each segment, from one to five on either side, with a white marking
on the posterior margin. ‘These markings are larger and longer than in
the other sex.

Two males and a female from Hope Mountains, B. C., July 19, 1906,
and ‘a female from Similkameen, B. C., July 20, 1906.

There seems to be some uncertainty as to the limits of the genus
Cophura as used by the different authors, and it is therefore with a certain
hesitation that I have concluded to place the present species in it, but
from the standpoint of the récent catalogue by Aldrich, who follows
Williston, a/bosetosa may be included. It has affinities with some of the
species placed in the genus Taracticus, but the abdomen shows no sign of
punctulation. It is probable that when a critical study of sufficient
material is possible the limits of Cophura will be restricted. Although
the insect has a general resemblance to some of the species of Cyrtopogon,
it does not belong there because of the claw-like spine at the end of each
front tibia.

NIGRASILUS, n. genus.

Front and face of ordinary width, face widest below. Facial gibbosity
rather prominent and with numerous bristles. Third segment of the
antenna rather narrow, and a little longer than the first two together,
arista only about half as long as its segment. Thorax with bristles on the
posterior part and several bristles on the margin of the scutellum. Wing

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

venation as in Asilus in the restricted sense. Posterior margins of the
abdominal segments without bristles that differ in length from those on
other parts of the abdomen. Female genitalia plainly conical; male
appendages plainly bent upward near the middle of the length. }
Nigrasilus nitidifacies, n. sp.—Black, wings slightly fumose, face just
beneath the antenne shining black; female with conical oviduct.
Length, r2 to r5 mm.
Facial gibbosity rather
prominent, and ciothed
with black bristles above
and white bristles below ;
face just beneath the an-
tenne shining black, other-
wise clothed with gray
dust, which is most pro-
nounced along the entire
margins of the eyes; beard
white; occipito- orbital
bristles all black. Ground
colour of the thorax black,
but thinly covered with
gray dust, four to six black
bristles on the margin of

the scutellum; wings slight-
ly fumose, almost hyaline

Fic. 8.—Nigrasilus nitidifacies.—Side view of the tip of the on basal parts. Femora

male abdomen (upper diagram). Dorsal view of the all black with fine white
tip of the female abdomen (lower diagram). u

hair and black bristles ;
tibie and tarsi more or less dark red, approaching black in parts. Hind
tibiz each with three or four black bristles on the front side near the
middle. Abdomen black above, with gray hind borders to the segments.

A male specimen collected in the Hope Mountains of British
Columbia by R. S. Sherman, July 16, 1906, and a female, collected on
Vancouver Island, July 2, 1903, by R. V. Harvey.

This insect has the general appearance of the species of some of the
other genera of the subfamily Asilinee, but if Loew’s classification is to be
followed and his subgenera raised to the rank of genera, as is the tendency,
it must stand in a new genus, mainly on account of the black colour and
the very peculiar genitalia. of both sexes,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

NEW SPECI&S OF THERIDIIDA.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST FALLS CHURCH, VA.

Theridium pictulum, n. sp.—Cephalothorax brown on sides, pale in
middle, but the pale contains a large goblet-shaped dark mark. Abdomen
black on base, with a median projection, followed by a narrow whitish-
mottled folium, margined with black, the black of base extends on sides
downward to the venter, enclosing a white spot on each anterior side.
Sides of abdomen white, more or less mottled with brown, spinnerets
surrounded with black, venter blackish, with a prominent median sub-
triangular snow-white mark, sternum brown. Legs white, with many black
bands ; femora i and 1i with a narrow mark below before middle, a broader
one above at middle, a sub-apical ring, and a narrow apical mark ; patella
with sub-apical mark ; tibia with basal, median, sub-apical and apical
marks, none complete rings ; metatarsus with basal, median and apical
bands ; tarsus with median band. Legs i11 and iv less marked, the femora
with sub-apical ring and apical mark ; patella with apical mark; tibia
with median and apical bands ; metatarsus with basal, median and apical
bands ; tarsus with median band. ‘Tibia i barely shorter than the meta-
tarsus i. Length, 2, 3 mm.

From Palo Alto, Calif. (Coolidge).

Theridium interruptum, n. sp.—Cephalothorax with a dark margin
on the side, rest yellowish-brown ; abdomen grayish, with silvery-white
spots and black marks as follows: a narrow stripe each side on anterior
part, on posterior part a much broader stripe each side, with obliquely-
pointed bases, and extending down on sides of abdomen behind; the sides
at base and near middle are also black; venter pale, with a broad black
band across middle, but not reaching the sides; sternum pale, narrowly
margined with black. Femora, patelle and tibize of legs i and iv blackened
at tip, other legs less distinctly so. Abdomen rather elongate, not much
wider than cephalothorax, and somewhat flattened, truncate at base,
rounded at tip, region of epigynum swollen. (Fig. 9.)

Length, 1.3 mm.; leg 1, 2.4 mm.

Miami, Florida, Feb. 16, under boards on the ground (Prof. J. H.

Comstock).
June, rg08

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Euryopis: Table of Species.
1. Posterior dorsum of abdomen mostly silvery-white............... a

Entire dorsum mostly black, only a few small silvery spots, no bands

GM LEGS. . act. Fe oi. « GRMN ee e+ sce sho Re oss ae eee 2

2. With four or five silvery spots ; legs with black line under
FOTO A gegte tp eiaatks «SMP yo 5 aha Oe eee eee ee Sate re »5-maculata.
With six or ten silvery spots ; legs without black line ...... argentata.
3. Tibia and metatarsus brownish, and without bands ; abdomen silvery,
with narrowanedian Digek stripe .-.02.. =: stan eee eee ormosa.
Tibia and metatarsus yellowish, banded with black........ oben nk eee
a. Cephalothorax and. sternum: yellowish 0-4. cote) eee Bia ep
Cephalothorax,and sternum dark brown. <)2 2.00... 95 a. el one
5. Dorsal silvery mark extends around base; marks on legs fine and
much DrOkKenewp .... kia. 6. aie os eal bee eee scriptipes.
Dorsal silvery mark not around base ; marks on legs in form of distinct
TUES ae eo cao es «saa. AE, a's Oe ER COR ak A ee

6. Legs heavily marked with fine black lines ; venter silvery. Ca/ifornica.

Legs only slightly marked with black; venter brownish...... Zexana.

Euryopis argentata, Emer.—This species occurs in the Atlantic
Coast States.

Euryopis 5-maculata, Banks.—I have seen this only from the vicinity
of Washington, D. C.

Euryopis scriptipes, 0. sp.—Cephalothorax a uniform brown, eyes on
black spots ; abdomen black, with a silvery-white mark around on upper
sides, barely or just meeting on base in front, very broad behind, and
enclosing a black heart-shaped dorsal mark; sometimes the white is

broader and the black is smaller and indented on its sides ; venter black
in middle, sides silvery, sternum black, cox tipped with black, the
spinnerets surrounded with black ; legs yellowish, densely marked with
small transverse black marks, those at apex of joints heavier and forming
rings, the tarsi barely, if at all, marked, the femora but little marked above;
the tarsus of male palpus black, in the female the other joints marked with
black. Eyes and other structure asin 2. fumebris, and size the same.

Specimens from Colorado (Oslar); Pecos and Beulah, New Mexico
(Cockerell).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207

Euryopis Caltfornica, Banks.—This species I have seen only from
California.

Euryopts funebris, Hentz.-—This species is widely distributed in the
Eastern States, and also in Canada.

Euryopis Texana, n. sp.—Cephalothorax yellowish or yellowish-
brown, eyes on black; abdomen mostly silvery-white, with a brown-
triangular mark on middle of anterior part, narrowly bordered on sides and
behind with black; venter brownish, sternum yellowish, legs yellowish,
slightly marked with black at tips of joints and a few scattered dots else-

where, mostly at bases of bristles ; mandibles and palpi pale yellowish.
Rather smaller than 4. funedris.

Brazos Co., Texas.

Euryopis formosa, n. sp.—Cephalothorax uniform yellowish-brown ;
abdomen silvery-white, with a narrow median black stripe, constricted
near middle and pointed at tip; venter brown in middle, a silvery lunule
behind, black around the spinnerets and extending forward each side as a
narrow line on the sides ; sternum yellowish-brown ; femora yellowish,
beneath with bands of brown ; apex brown; patelle, tibiz and metatarsi
wholly reddish-brown ; tarsi paler ; femur of palpus yellowish, rest red-
brown. Size and structure similar to &. funebris.

From Bear, Idaho (L. M. Cockerell).

Argyrodes rostratus, 1. sp.—Cephalothorax brown, or yellowish-
brown ; eye region black ; legs pale yellow; the patellz and tips of the
tibiz yellowish-brown ; sternum brown ; abdomen bright silvery above,
brown beneath, with a small silvery spot each side; a narrow median
black stripe on dorsum from base two-thirds of way to tip ; extreme tip
with small brown spot. A. M. E. large, more than diameter apart; P.
M. E. smaller, more than two diameters apart. Femur 1 nearly as long
as abdomen. Abdomen triangular in side view, prolonged above behind,
the tip bluntly rounded, as high behind as long. In the male the abdomen
is more rounded at tip above ; the eye region is elevated into a prominent
hump, bearing the P. M. E. above and the A. M. E. in front, while on the
clypeus there is a porrect, rather knob-like projection. (Fig. 9.)

Eenpth;.2, 2.2 mm-:;-.¢ , 2.mm.; femur 1, 1.gemm.

From Runnymede and Miami, Florida (the latter from Prof.
Comstock).

2058 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Argyrodes frontatus, 0. sp.—Cephalothorax yellowish, a median
| blackish mark behind eyes and

Oo on the sides ; legs pale, tips of
joints blackish ; sternum pale ;
oo abdomen grayish or silvery,

densely marked with blackish
spots, mostly on the sides ; above
is a narrow median black stripe
from base two-thirds of the way
to-tip ; venter pale. ~Ay yee
large, about diameter apart; P.
M. E. smaller, more than two
diameters apart. Femur i as
Fig. 9.—Theridium interruptum: dorsum of abdomen long as abdomen, the latter con-
fall eae Se Rt a dca eee ae ically extended above behind, in
SIC ug aa ame side view it is triangular, the tip
is rather broad and very plainly emarginate. Abdomen of male less
extended above, but also emarginate at tip. The head of male has two
short median processes ; one on clypeus extending upward, and one above
M. E., both bearing stiff hairs at tips. (Fig. 9.)

enethy cieens-a mm: ; Woe 7mm: femu4r. 1,0 > aa ame

From Ocean Springs, Miss., Jan. (Prof. Comstock.)

Argyrodes decorus, 0. sp.—Cephalothorax dark brown ; palpi mostly
black ; legs yellowish, marked with dark brown on black ; femora i brown,
leaving only a pale streak each side at base ; patella brown, except above;
tibia brown on apical third, shading off into pale ; tip of metatarsus dark ;
leg il similar, but with less dark; leg ii mostly pale, only dark at tips of
joints ; iv mostly pale, but dark on outside of femur. Abdomen with a
broad black stripe above, from base to tip, with a cross-bar somewhat
before the tip ; venter black, the black extending up each side above
spinnerets ; the abdomen behind, parts of the sides and above are silvery,
or with some golden colour. Cephalothorax quite flat, head but little
elevated ; A. M. E. large, about one and a half diameter apart, and as far
from the smaller S, E.; P. M. E. searcely two diameters apart; femur i
longer than abdomen, the latter greatly prolonged above behind, so that
the posterior side is twice as long as the venter ; tip rounded.

Length of ?, 3.2 mm.; height of abdomen, 3.3 mm.; length of femur
il, 2.9 mm.

From San Pedro, California.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209

A NOTE ON THE SPECIES OF M/CRONECTA OCCURRING
IN INDIA AND CEYLON (HEMIPTERA).

BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, H. ISLANDS.

In the “ Fauna of British India” (Vol. III, 50-51, 1906), Mr.
Distant has redescribed two species only of this genus from India and
Ceylon, thus omitting six previously described, three of them being old
and well established.

Eleven species are now known to me from these countries, one being
now diagnosed and three left to a future time.

1. albifrons, Motsch., =|| strzata, Fieber, = —ovivora, Westw., =

stva, Kirk.

. grisea, Fieber.

. haltploides, Horvath.

. malabarica, Kirk,

. memonides, Kirk.

. AMf-notata, Kirk., =|| Zineata, Fieber, = notata, Kirk., 1905 (by
misprint).

7. punctata, Fieber.

8. thelxinoé, Kirk.

Micronecta malabarica, sp.nov.—The general characters are those of
M. albifrons, but the tegminal picturation is very faint; there is no trace
of a transverse line on the distinctly longer pronotum, and the interior
margin of the vertex is also in a direct line with that of theeyes. Length,
4 mill,

Hab.—India, Malabar Coast.

P. S.—When my list of the known species of JAVicronecta was
published (Ent. News, 1905, p. 261), I had not heard of five species
published the same year, viz.:

Oya ate, (Cs IND

1. guadristrigata, Breddin, from Java.

2. ludibunda, 7 We FAVA:
3. fugitans, it *¢ Java and Celebes.
4. pardalina, ef aVa
5. inflatula, * Seas «|fak Wied

I also omitted Aydroporina (Sigara), Von der Decken, 1873, from

East Africa.

_ I have now in the press descriptions of two new forms, AaWida and
micra, from Australia, so that the total number of species is now 47, of

which perhaps 42 or 43 are valid.

It is safe to predict that ultimately

some hundred species or so will be known.

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

CONCERNING THE NOTONECTIDA! AND SOME RECENT
WRITERS ON HEMIPTEROLOGY,.

BY J. (Ro: DE -LASTORRE- BUENO, NEW, “MORK.

These notes are called forth specifically by a paper in ‘La Feuille des
Jeunes Naturalistes” (Rennes), by A. Delcourt, entitled “De la Nécessité
d’une Revision des Notonectes de France,’ but they lead naturally to
some considerations on recent work.

M. Delcourt claims that a revision of French Notonectids is necessary,
and not being familiar with his region, we will not dispute it, but when he
develops his argument it becomes necessary to differ from him. He falls
at once into the error which has lead astray more than one Hemipterist,
namely : that colour alone is a_ sufficient character for the differentiation
of species in water-bugs, when in all recent work, it is more often than not
neglected. My own careful studies of the common and abundant North
American Votonecta undulata, Say, have made this plain to me, because
here we have an insect covering a great range, and which is apt to differ
greatly in series from one and the same pond, varying from a pure white
to nearly black. Aut they are one and the same species. These colour
variations in ZV. g/auca appear to trouble M. Delcourt very much. This,
no doubt, is due to his unfamiliarity with any work later than Dr. Puton’s
very meritorious “Synopsis des Hémipteres Hétéroptéres de France.” It
is naturally not to be expected that a French author should be posted on
what is done on this side of the water. But why ignore Kirkaldy’s
“Revision of the Notonectide”?, In this the entire question of the
synonymy of JVotonecta glauca is gone into, and he indicates the different
varieties into which the species may be differentiated, all this after a
careful examination of the types, so this work may be considered nearly
definite. And, further, the same author published recently ‘‘ Uber
Notonectiden,’,in which wherever corrections in his previous work were
necessary he made them, thereby bringing to date his earlier ‘“‘Revision.”
Had the French reviser been familiar with these two articles he would not
have deemed it necessary to propose the work he contemplates, even
going to the extent of promising a revision of Palearctic forms !

As for the remainder of M. Belcourt’s paper, once he departs from
the speculative and arrives at the concrete, it is not entirely valueless.

Li, WO: 442, Aug. a 1907, pp- 198-207.

2. Cf. Montandon, Kirkaldy, Horvath, etc.
aca rans: Ent. Soc. Londigiaso4i

4. Wien. Ent. Zeit.

iy une, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 211

He gives directions for collecting and preserving as well as for breeding,
and although he gives few details, he appears to have succeeded in
breeding WV. g/auca, but does not describe the nymphal stages. He claims
that they have szx moults, one on emerging from the ovum, which I have
observed in . wnudulata. But I deem this first moult merely the casting
off of the amnion, and not a true moult of an outgrown skin. The French
author has solved the food problem by giving the nymphs young mosquito
larve, which I also have found suitable. The remainder of his paper
covers nothing not heretofore known and pointed out in detail in this
country.

Now, as to the second count. Certain Hemipterists appear to
consider a proper understanding and use of synonymy a purely unneces-
sary luxury. Therefore we find in much work that decidedly erroneous
names are employed, both generic and specific. Furthermore, old errors
are cheerfully adopted and popularized, and no question is ever made as
to the work of certain authors, who are very Mohammeds of Hemipter-
ology, and whose dictum is final. To-day Hemipterology is as much
neglected as it was fifty years ago. There are perhaps some half-dozen
workers who keep it alive; but outside of these the others who take
interest in this branch of the science are apparently willing to let some
one else do the work.

As to the philosophical side of the science, since Schjodte, who has
attempted to place the classification of the Order on a firm foundation of
phylogeny? Reuter, Bergroth, Stal, but principally the former. To-day,
Kirkaldy is working in this direction, and he is proposing changes of so
radical a nature that before they are accepted a complete readjustment
of our ideas becomes imperative. And even then such new conceptions
of relationships may obtain that his scheme may be rendered obsolete.
But to-day a system of classification which lumps together such diverse
forms as the JVepizde, with the other so called Cryptocerata, is decidedly
in need of reform along more scientific lines.

BOOK NOTICE.

Os CULICIDEOS DO BRAZIL, PELO Dr. ANTONIO GONCALVES PERYASSU.
Trabalho do Instituto de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. Typographia
Leuzinger, 1908.

This interesting work on the mosquitoes of Brazil contains over 400
pages, with 26 plates. It is written wholly in Portuguese, which will make

i123 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

it especially valuable for local use. The book is the result of two years
of assiduous labour, as Dr. Peryassu tells us, at the Instituto de
Manguinhos in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, under the direction of Dr. Oswaldo
Cruz and Dr. Arthur Neiva. It is a creditable production. Dr. Peryassu
records about 130 species of mosquitoes from Brazil (in one place he gives
131 species, in another 127), but there must be many more to be found
in this large region. Mr. Busck found go species in the Panama Canal
Zone during a short stay of but three months. The author’s observations
on larve are especially interesting, though we wish more details had been
given of the Culicine forms. The Anophelines are most favoured, no
doubt from their pathological connections, and receive more detailed study.
The eggs of Chagasia farjardoz, an Anopheline, are most curious objects, -
resembling floating dipterous pupz, one end modified like a respiratory
organ.

Our author has adopted the classification of Lutz, as modified by
Theobald. Our objections to this classification need not be here repeated,
as they have been set forth elsewhere, and the classification has many
points of excellence, although it needs simplification. That Dr. Lutz’s
classification should be used in a publication emanating from Brazil is,
of course, entirely fitting. Some of the records of species, more especially
those cited from other authors, will require critical revision. We notice,
for example, Dendromyta Smithiz, Coquillett, credited to Rio de Janeiro
on the authority of Farjado, which is to say the least a doubtful record.

Our author has entirely omitted all references to the places of publi-
cation of species and genera. We had hoped to learn the exact dates and
references to Dr. Lutz’s and Dr. Cruz’s species, published in Brazilian
medical journals not available in Washington, but were disappointed.

A number of new species are described, mostly credited to other
authors, Dr, Peryassu having reserved for himself but one species so far
as we notice. Unfortunately Dr. Peryassu’s generous intentions will fail,
for there is no evidence that any of the descriptions were written by
another than the author himself, and, as we understand the rules, new
names are to be credited to the one first publishing them, not to one who
had suggested the name or labelled a specimen therewith. Therefore all
the new species in the book must be attributed to Dr. Peryassu.

HARRISON.Gr DYAR

Mailed June 5th, 1908,

GAN. GENT CVO ese. PLATE 6.

IGNOTUS AENIGMATICUS—ADULT “MALE:

The Canadian ¥ntomologist

VoL. XL. LONDON, JULY, rgo08: NO: °7.

A BIT OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY.
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON, NEW YORK.

In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXV, p. 183, in a paper
entitled ‘‘ A Coleopterous Conundrum,“ I told of my discovery of an
anomalous beetle occurring as a seeming museum pest in my New York
collections. In this article I quoted freely the expressed opinions of
several well-known coleopterists as to the position and affinities of the
singular little insect. My paper, though it contained nothing which was
not strictly true, was, unfortunately, written in a somewhat flippant,
would-be humourous style, its colloquial diction and tone of levity—if not
absolute irreverence—being quite out of place in a scientific periodical.
This, as I should have known from sad experience, was a grave error. No
conscientious naturalist should possess, or recognize in others the possession
of, a sense of humour. As might have been anticipated, painful results
followed my blunder. In writing the sketch referred to, I had not
dreamed of making a scientific description of the odd coleopter, or of
giving a generic or specific name. But I carelessly introduced the
following sentence: ‘Shall Lever find other specimens of what I have
sometimes, in chat over my discovery, styled Ignotus senigmaticus?’ I
wrote the absurd name with a smile, which I somehow fancied would be
caught and interpreted aright, even by far-away readers of my humble
‘paper. Eheu! Alas! Alack! How little I realized what I was doing.
I was not long in ignorance. For I very soon learned that, all unwittingly,
I had, at least in the opinion of some of our most distinguished and learned
entomologists, created a genus and species, and I had given to them
names which, however ridiculous and inappropriate, must henceforth and
forever cling to these dainty little creatures, these curlos among coleoptera
and pernaps be linked, too, with my own unworthy name. My protests,

my plea that I “didn’t go to do it,” were all in vain. The innocent
beetle was referred to constantly by the unfortunate title used so idly, so

Fas THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

lightly at first; its counterfeit presentment appeared each month for a
whole year on the cover of an entomological journal thus labelled, and I
began to realize, as never before, the irrevocableness of things. I sought
advice, and received much and diverse counsel. But the consensus of
opinion seemed to be that, as the beetle was now so well known by the
name I had unconsciously given, it had best retain it, and that a proper
description with figures should be at once published.

I asked my friend, Mr. Frederick Blanchard, to prepare such a
description, and he kindly consented to do this. But he courteously
insisted upon my name remaining as authority for the specific, if not the
generic, title. My first discovery was made in May, 1902. For two years
after this I examined my insect boxes at intervals, but found no trace of
the little pests. But in May, 1904, I again found them in the same closet
where they occurred previously. This time I found with them one
specimen of the larviform female and several larve. Mr. Joutel, our
well-known, careful and skilled artist, made drawings of the beetle in its
different stages. Mr. Blanchard for many reasons has been unable
until recently to complete the promised diagnosis. I give herewith
a description of the species, owning frankly that I could not have
written it without much assistance from Mr. Blanchard. Let me add
that since I first found Ignotus it has been recognized as a pest among
the collections of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, as told me by Mr.
C. T. Brues. In this case the beetle was found among land shells and
other specimens “ practically from all parts of the world.” Of what
country the mysterious unknown is a native we do not know. Perhaps
the following description and Mr. Joutel’s excellent drawings may assist us
to solve the problem. ‘Then, when we learn what euphonious name the
unknown enigma bears in some far-away land, and its lately-given title
vanishes into that bourne from which no synonym returns, nobody will
regret less than its unfortunate sponsor to see it

‘* Suffer a sea change
Into something rich and strange.”

==

THE CHARACTERS OF IGNOTUS (PLATES 6 AND 7).
Head suborbicular, constricted far behind the eyes, deflexed and much
narrowed in front, the labrum short, transverse, and with the very small
mouth a little reflexed, the frontal suture not obvious. The oral organs

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215

are minute and apparently somewhat atrophied, especially in the female,
but they have not been so successfully examined as to be clearly under-
stood. The mandibles are minute and rudimentary, and too widely
separated to have any function. in the male the maxillary palpi are very
small and slender, with a short basal joint, the second longer than wide,
the third narrow, not longer than wide, fourth equal to the third in length,
subulate. Mentum short and narrow, transverse, arcuate in front, ligula
narrower, twice as long as the mentum, palpi apparently of two subequal
joints, together not longer than the terminal one of the maxillary palpi.
These organs are smaller in the female and still more difficult to verify.
The gular sutures are obscure, but sometimes obsoletely indicated in the
female when they are approximate in front and diverging behind. The
eyes are large, prominent and rather coarsely granulated in the male, quite
small in the female, and of few facets somewhat irregularly disposed. An
ocellus, smaller in the female, is present between the eyes, within the apex
of two converging grooves which arise at the bases of the rather prominent
antennal supports. The antenne are ten-jointed, basal moderate, second
shorter, three to six very small and closely articulated, seven to ten very
elongate ; in the female the antennz, although of similarly proportioned
joints, are very much smaller and shorter.

The pronotum is somewhat trapezoidal, broader in the female, the
sides not margined, but inflexed to the subobsolete prosternal sutures, the
pubescence of the inflexed portion similar to that of the upper surface, and
contrasting with the very sparsély pubescent prosternum. The prosternum
is convex and moderately long before the coxee, not at all separating them
in the male, the coxal cavities confluent, and in both sexes broadly open
behind. In the female the prosternum is a little shorter before the coxe,
broadly produced and truncate behind between the widely-separated coxe,
its entire length about one-half that of the pronotum.

Mesosternum of the male transverse, slightly sinuate in front, lobed
behind and loosely articulated with the metasternum, between the coxa,
sides oblique, the lateral pieces small triangular and subequal, the epimera
alone reaching the coxe.

Metasternum of the male transverse, a little longer than the second
and third segments of the abdomen ; episterna broad anteriorly, gradually
narrowed behind ; epimera not observed.

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

In the female these two segments are more rudimentary or larva-like,
the mesosternum being simply transverse without intercoxal development,
the coxe at extreme lateral margin, parapleura obscure. The meta-
sternum is shorter and broader than in the male, in dried specimens with
the inflexed hind margin emarginate between the widely separated coxe,
the episterna moderately wide and scarcely narrower behind.

Scutellum small, triangular in the male; in the female the mesonotum
is short and distinctly narrower than the other segments ; the metanotum
again longer, although shorter than the pronotum, and somewhat wider
than the mesonotum.

Elytra of male without epipleura.

Coxze conical and prominent, loosely articulated and mobile, the
anterior pair contiguous in the male, the middle and hind pair well
separated, the latter a little more widely. In the female, while the body
is broader, the coxee are much smaller, and reaching the same lateral
limits become more widely separated.

Middle and hind legs in the male two-thirds as long as the body, the
anterior ones shorter ; trochanters slender, longer than wide, the femora
attached distally ; tibize a little longer than the femora and without spurs ;
tarsi slender, a little shorter than the tibize, five-jointed, first joint as long
as the next two, second, third and fourth gradually shorter, fifth elongate,
with small simple claws. In the female the legs are very small and weak,
not longer than-the width of the body.

Abdomen with seven free subequal dorsal and ventral segments in the
male and eight in the female.

The eggs are elliptical, twice as long as wide, translucent, shining,
slightly iridescent and minutely longitudinally striate. Length, 5 mm.

The larva is somewhat contractile, elliptical, twice as long as wide,
obtusely rounded at each extremity, abdomen a little wider, the dorsal
segments corneous, shining, brown, densely fringed with spinose bristles
and fine hairs ; beneath with soft membraneous integuments, and finely
sparsely hairy.

Head small, less than half the width of the prothoracic segment,
reddish-brown, rather thickly clothed with short coarse hairs, prostrate in
front, sparser on the vertex, and more erect behind, and with a few spinose
bristles. Epistoma very short and transverse, the separation from the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pap ey:

front rather deeply impressed, labrum short and transverse ; mandibles
short, blunt, piceous ; antennz minute, a basal very short joint scarcely
as long as wide supporting a second of the same thickness, twice as long
as wide ; in the final moult, apparently of one or two very short joints
bearing a terminal short tuft or pencil of fine closely-placed hairs. Behind
and a little outside the antenne are three ocelli in a triangle. (Fig. to.)
The pronotum is longer than any of the following segments, the
anterior outline somewhat semicircular, without any anterior angles,

s

Af
Pa
€
e
“Md
Fic. 10.—Ignotus zenigmati- Fic. 11.—Larval hairs. Fic. 12.—Middle leg of male
cus, larva: a, ocelli; 3, larva.
antenna; c, a long

hair.

meeting the broadly arcuate basal margin in an indefined obtusely rounded
angle. The following thoracic and abdominal segments subequal, short
and strongly transverse, the niuth shorter and narrower. ‘The vestiture is
composed of hairs and bristles of three kinds ; the hairs are simple, long
and fine, the bristles are taper-pointed or clavate, and sometimes abruptly
acuminate, and throughout thickly hispid with minute black points or
spines. (Figs. 10, 11.)

218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The median dorsal surface of the segments, from side to side, is
sparsely, finely pubescent with simple hairs, the anterior margin and a
posterior interval glabrous. The anterior margin of the pronotum
extending forward, and the posterior margins of the eighth and ninth
dorsals of the abdomen extending backward, are densely fringed with
tapering bristles ; the posterior margins of the thoracic and abdominal
dorsals, except the last two, are similarly fringed with subdepressed clavate
bristles of equal length, of which seventy to eighty have been counted on
a segment; behind and mostly hidden under the clavate bristles is a series
of fine simple hairs bordering the hind margins of the segments. The
anterior fringe of the pronotum affords protection to the junction of the
head, while the fringes of clavate bristles and subordinate hairs effectively
defend the membranous connection of the segments from dust er minor
enemies. At the narrowed lateral extremities of the second and third
thoracic and the first to second abdominal dorsal plates are spreading tufts
of tapering bristles.

The spiracles are exceedingly minute and difficult of observation, the
thoracic pair, as usual, before and outside the middle coxe, the abdominal
at the sides, below and slightly anterior to the lateral extremities of the
dorsal plates.

Coxe, femora and tibiz subequal in length, the coxe narrowing from
base, the femora a little thicker outwardly, the tibiz slender and tapering
to apex and terminated with a slender claw, which, as well as the
trochanter, is about one-third as long as the other joints of the leg.

The pupation of the female only has been observed. ‘This takes
place within the larval skin just as in Anthrenus. A middorsal rupture of

the skin frees the imago, leaving the delicate pellicle of the pupal enveiope
within the larval moult.

Both sexes of Zgwotus are apterous, and the female is without elytra.
The male has long slender antenne and legs, which are very much shorter
and weaker in the female. The surface is sparsely obsoletely punctate.
In the male the first two dorsal segments of the abdomen are paler and
membranous, the following semicorneous or coriaceous and piceous ;
ventral sutures straight, first ventral membranous and more or less con-
cealed at the middle, visible and of firmer texture at the sides ; second

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219

segment with a lobe-like pubescent tumidity at middle of hind margin ;
sixth segment slightly sinuate behind, seventh subtruncate or broadly
rounded. In the female the first three dorsals are shorter, scarcely longer
than the mesonotum, the fourth to eighth longer and subequal, the
ventrals subequal, the first two more membranous, the eighth narrower
and rounded behind.

Much attention has been given to the relations of Zgzofus with other
Coleoptera, and it is hoped later to offer some of the considerations
bearing on the subject. The structure and habits of the larva make it
almost impossible to resist the conviction that it is Dermestide, but the
loose-jointed imago with its long slender legs and antennz in the male
seem very far from the compact: Dermestide type, the only immediately
obvious character suggesting affinity consisting in the presence of an
ocellus. This is so rare among Coleoptera as to be very suggestive.

LIenotus enigmaticus, n. sp.

Male.—Elongate, a little wider behind, testaceous, the head,
prothorax, metasternum and sometimes the tips of the elytra somewhat
darker ; abdomen more or less piceous; thinly clothed with pale prostrate
hairs, somewhat condensed on the basal two joints of the antenne, whole
surface coriaceous and feebly shining. Head narrowed arcuately behind,
and slightly constricted at its insertion with the prothorax, the latter wider
than long, much narrowed anteriorly, sides arcuate to base, where they are
minutely inflexed, with blunt right angles, the anterior ones rounded,
truncate before and behind ; sides of the pronotum narrowly inflexed, with
a faintly indicated demarcation between them and the flanks; upper
surface feebly convex, more or less impressed each side, base indistinctly
margined, Elytra shorter than abdomen by one or two segments
separately rounded at tips and somewhat dehiscent. Length, 2-3 mm.

Female.—Wingless, larviform. Elongate, nairowed towards each
extremity, testaceous, thinly dotted with paler hairs, which area little longer
and more bristling along the middle of the sides; surface somewhat
coriaceous, feebly shining. The prothorax more transverse than in the
male, and more evenly convex, with no trace of basal margin. Abdomen
with subequal segments, the last one broadly rounded behind dorsally
and ventrally. Length, 2.7 mm, |

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

PAMPHILA _MANITOBOIDES, “FLETCHER, AND, PAMPHEEA:
SASSACUS, SCUDDER.

BY HENRY SKINNER, PHILADELPHIA.

Since our visit to Nepigon last July, Dr. Fletcher and I have been
greatly interested in these two insects. The amount of material in
Manitoboides has been limited until this recent trip. Last year we captured
a few specimens at Nepigon, and Dr. Fletcher has sent me four males and
six females. I had in addition five males and eight females. I have
compared these specimens with a series of sassacus from Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, New York and New Hampshire, and have arrived at the
conclusion that J/anitoboides 1s a geographical race, topomorph or
subspecies of sassacus. There is a very great difference between the two
when extremes are selected, but the intergrades show their relationship.
In the male (A/anitoboides ) the limbate area of secondaries above is greatly
restricted as compared with sassacus. ‘The under side of secondaries in
sassacus 1S immaculate in some specimens, and the contrast between these
and the heavily-spotted under side of AZanitoboides is very striking. The
differences mentioned are gradational through a series. The stigma,
antenne, etc., are identical. The Nepigon specimens show considerable
variation among themselves. According to evolution these are the things we
expect to find. If future studies and study of the life-histories prove my
conclusions erroneous, I at least think it well to call attention to their very
near relationship at this time.

It is gratifying to learn that both Houses of the United States Con-
gress have concurred by a unanimous vote in granting an annuity for life
of $1,500 each to the widows of the late Major James Carroll, Surgeon in
the U. S. Army, and the late acting Assistant Surgeon, Jesse W. Lasear,
whose lives were sacrificed to duty in the study of the transmission of
yellow fever in Cuba by the mosquito Stegomya fasciata

A Synopsis: OF THE GENUS PEMPHIGUS, with notes on _ their
economic importance, life-history and geographical distribution, by C. F.
Jackson, Ohio State University.

This very important and extremely uscful paper has just been
received. The author deals with the characterization, history of the
formation, general anatomy, habits, life-history and derivation of the genus,
and gives a key to the genera of the family Aphidide, with an appended
key to the species of the genus Pemphigus and a synopsis of the species,
with notes on their economic importance.—[T. D. Jarvis.

PEATE ie

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2

NOTHS ON THE SPECIES OF RE YNCHAGROTIS; 5SM.; WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY JOHN. 8B. SMITH, SC.D., NEW BRUNSWICK, \N. J.

The genus Ahynuchagrotis, Smith, is restricted by Hampson to the
yellow-winged species allied to gi/vipennis, Grt., the latter being declared
generic type because it happened to stand first in the series, even though it
contradicted the generic description in part and was pliced in the genus
with an expressed doubt as to the correctness of the association. A more
absurd consequence of rigid adherence to an arbitrary rule can scarcely
be conceived, and I decline to accept this limitation of my genus. The
bulk of the American species which I placed in Rhynchagrotis, Hampson
places in Z7iphena, Hbn., and if that is correct, then my genus is a
synonym—a conclusion to which I could take no possible exception. I
do not believe, however, that the yellow-winged Z7zphena of Europe are
congeneric with the American species that I have called RAynchagrotis,
and therefore retain the name in the sense in which I originally used it.
If gilvipennis is generically distinct it should have a new generic name.
For present convenience, however, I retain the species here, again
emphasizing the fact that it differs obviously not only in colour, but in
minor structures from the rest of our species.

The present rearrangement of my material was induced partly

because my boxes were becoming overcrowded, partly because I had
received a Jarge number of specimens in some groups showing great range
of variation, partly because I had material which could not be satisfac-
torily referred, and partly because I wished to bring my collection into
accord with Sir George F. Hampson’s general conclusions.
3 I secured by purchase, from Mr. George Franck, a large lot of
Colorado material; Mr. Oto Buchholz, of Newark, who collected in
Yavapai County, Arizona, in 1907, was good enongh to loan me all his
examples—some 200 or more, and Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B. C.,
sent me a nice lot, representing the species found in his locality. Other
material was obtained in smaller amounts from other correspondents, so
that I believe myself justified in the conclusions reached in this revision.

The basis of separation after eliminating the yellow-winged gi/v7-
pennis is, first of all, the dark brown head and collar which distinguish
rufipectus and brunnetcollts.

Next comes mznimadis, which is unique in having single median lines

where all the others have them geminate,
July, 1908

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Limarginalis and vittifrons stand together by having the costal region
of primaries from base to the t. p. line pale, discoloured ; an even streak
which does not invade the cell or the ordinary spots,

Next comes a longer series of species, in which the orbicular is open
to the costa and is more or less distinctly V-shaped. The costal region
may or may not be paler than the ground colour, and there may. or may
not be a black filling in the cell around the spots; the open orbicular
distinguishes formadts, costata, confusa, crenulata, exsertistigma, letula,
@iscoidalis, niger, emarginata and meta. In addition to the character of
maculation all these species have the thoracic crest distinctly marked, and
furrowed or divided centrally.

This latter feature is also shared by mirabilis, which has contrasting
discoloured ordinary spots, and zme/egans, which has not much maculation
of any kind.

All the rest of the species are more depressed or flattened, without
obvious thoracic tufting, and the orbicular is always completely defined,
never open to the costa.

Placida differs from all of those in this series by having an obvious
median shade line.

Scopeops and variata have a bluish underlay, which appears through-
out the wing and gives them a characteristic mottled appearance.

Then comes a series of species with somewhat elongate, subparallel
wings, with rounded or stumpy outer margins. They are all variable, and
it is difficult to divide them on exclusive characters. I include zefascia,
duanca, alternata, alcandola, Belfraget, anchocelioides, brunneipeunis and
cupldissima.

Last of all come ¢rigona and sambo, two species with shorter,
broader, triangular wings, in which the apices are well marked and the
outer margins are oblique.

Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, Grt.

Our only species representing the yellow-winged forms of the old
world. It occurs throughout the Northern United States and Canada,
extending west to Calgary and into Briush Columbia, but not reaching the
Pacific Coast. It extends northward to Anticosti and into Labrador and
probably throughout the boreal region. It is a close ally of the European
and Asiatic chardyniz, Bdv., and was at one time supposed to be the

same. ‘There is not much variation in the numerous specimens I have.
seen,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223

Rhynchagrotis rufipectus, Morr.

This species extends across the continent through the more northern
parts-of the country, but does not seem to extend southward in the Atlantic
Coast region nor in the Mississippi Valley. It does, however, extend
southward on the Pacific Coast, and is recorded from Los Angeles Co.,
in Southern California. In general the species is easily recognized, and
does not vary much in any one region. There is, however, a very decided
difference between the small dark gray specimens of the New England
States and the large reddish-gray examples that I have from Sierra Nevada.
With examples of the extremes only at hand, two species would be readily
accepted. Fortunately, in the series of examples from Kaslo, both forms
were found, taken apparently on the same dates. The gradation comes in
the form of a reddish powdering over the dark lustrous gray of the typical
form. As this intensifies, the gray seems to disappear, until only the reddish
overlay remains, conveying the impression of a more thinly-scaled wing.

Rufipectus and brunneicolis are distinguished from all our other
species in having the head and collar velvety-brown.

Rhynchagrotis brunneicollis, Grt.

Has about the same general distribution in the Eastern United States
as the preceding, but seems to extend further southward along the
Atlantic Coast, and does not extend westward through Canada _ into
British Columbia, nor have I seen it from the Pacific Coast at any time.
It is larger than rufipectus, reddish and brown instead of gray, and the
transverse lines are geminate instead of single.

Rhynchagrotis minimatis, Git.

This species is rarely represented in collections, and specimens so
named are, as a rule, incorrectly determined. It differs from practicaily
all of the subsequent species by the single, instead of geminate median
lines, and in that character is not unlike rujipectus, which it does not
resemble in any other way. I have seen it only from Maine, Colorado
and British Columbia, and always in isolated specimens. In colour it
resembles anchocelioides, and it may be mistaken for a disreputable form
of that species.

Rhynchagrotis bimarginalis, Grt.

Not in my collection and apparently very rare. Has been taken only
in New Mexico, and is easily recognizable by the pale yellow costa and
more bluish terminal space ; it is quite characteristic, and its only ally is
the next species.

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Rhynchagrotis vittifrons, Grt.

All my specimens are from Stockton, Utah, September and October,
or Fort Wingate, New Mexico, in September. ‘The species is lustrous
smoky-blackish, without obvious maculation, but with collar and costal
margin from base to t. p. line broadly pale yellow. It differs from the
preceding in that the terminal space is concolorous with the main body of
the wing. ‘The species is also recorded from Glenwood Springs, Colo.

Rhynchagrotis formatis, Grt.

This is an extremely interesting form from the Pacific Coast, extend-
ing from Southern California to Vancouver, and it needs a long series to
appreciate its variations. In ground colour it ranges from red to deep
chocolate-brown, more or less powdered or washed with bluish, the costal
area paler and with the bluish more conspicuous, invading the open
V-shaped orbicular. ‘The transverse maculation is largely lost and the
terminal area is usually bluish, or at least a little paler. In the normal
form there is a black streak at base below the median vein, and the cell
before and between the ordinary spots is black. This is the facula of
Grote, according to Hampson, and it varies in the direction of losing the
black filling of the cell. In the type of formadis the black basal streak is
lost, and this varies in the direction of losing the black filling in the cell,
and finally the black tip to the collar. This seems to make it a difficult
species to recognize, and so it is from limited material ; but these uniform
examples are in the minority, and, in almost every instance, there is a
darkening of the ground that locates the usual black markings. Ail the
examples before me, 15 in number, are from California, and illustrate the
extreme range of variation above given.

Rhynchagrotis costata, Grt.

This is not represented in the material before me. I have a coloured
figure made from the type many years ago, and that is very like Hampson’s
published figure. The species is pale red-brown in colour, the costa
broadly paler, not crossed by the median lines, orbicular broadly
V-shaped. ‘The t. a. line is obscure, and the basal streak seems to merge
gradually into the black filling of cell.

Rhynchagrotis confusa, Sm.

Resembles costafa in a general way, but the transverse lines are
much better marked and, at base, the black streak usually. curves down-
ward when it reaches the t. a. line, so as to form its inner defining element.

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In the material before me is a nice series of 8 ¢’s and 7 2’s from
Mr. J. W. Cockle, taken at Kaslo, B. C., July to September, and they
indicate a very pretty range of variation, similar in scope to that in
formatis. The collar may or may not be black-tipped, a distinctly black
tip being rare, and the black filling of cell and basal streak may be totally
absent. In the iatter case there is usually an intensification of the red-
brown that brings out the pattern almost as well as the black.

Other localities represented in the material are Pullman, Washington;
Corfield, Vancouver ; Stockton, Utah; Monterey, California.

Rhynchagrotis crenulata, Sm.

This is a darker, more purplish-brown species, in which the. costal
region is not contrastingly paler, and is crossed or marked by the median
lines. The collar is not noticeably black-tipped, but is inferiorly paler, or
is crossed by a pale transverse line, which may be black-edged. All the
examples before me are from Pullman, Washington ; Stockton, Utah, or
Placer Co., California, and those that are dated are in July.

Rhynchagrotis exsertistigma, Morr.

A dull lateous-brown, sordid looking species with black-tipped collar.
The costa is of the palest wing colour, but not contrasting, and the pale
costal coloration does not fill the orbicular. That spot is V-shaped and
open to the costa; but while its defining line is pale, the core of the spot
is of the darker colour of the wing, giving the insect a very characteristic
appearance as compared with its allies. As in the other species, the
amount of black varies, but in this form a completely black-filled cell is
the exception, while the uniform colour, free from contrasts, is the rule.
My examples are from California, Washington and Oregon.

Rhynchagrotis letula, Grt.

This is an ally of the preceding, even more sordid-luteous in colour,
mottled with fuscous, and with the orbicular tending to close superiorly.
I have only a single defective example from Corvallis, Oregon. It is also
recorded from Washington and California.

Rhynchagrotis dtscoidalis, Grt.

Dull gray-brown in colour, mottled with smoky, the s. t. space darker
than the other parts of the wing, cell blackish between the ordinary spots,
orbicular round or oval rather than V-shaped, but incomplete superiorly
and open to the costal colouring. I have it from various points in
California, Stockton, Utah, and Fort Wingate, New Mexico. Dates are in

226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

July and September. The species is one of the most characteristic of the
series and easily recognized.

Rhynchagrotis niger, Sm.

Uniform, very dark smoky-brown, collar without lines or marks,
transverse maculation of primaries almost lost, the ordinary spots marked
only by the black filling in the cell; orbicular open to the costa. The _
species is very characteristic, but I have only the types—one from
Pullman, Washington, the other from Moscow, Idaho, the former in May,
the latter in July.

Rhynchagrotis emarginata, Gtt.

I have 2 ¢’sand 1 ? that I have separated from /format/ts, and
which agree with a figure made from the type of emarginata, ‘There are
specimens of formalis so close to this at first sight that I failed to
discriminate between them in 1892, and Sir George F. Hampson has, more
recently, fallen into the same error. Fmarginata differs from the most
evenly-coloured /ovmadis in having the transverse lines maked on costa
by geminate black dots, the costal area is not in the least paler, and there
is no difference in tint between the base and upper portion of collar. In
all these points my specimens and the drawing agree, and I have therefore
restored Mr. Grote’s name as referring to a good species.

Rhynchagrotis meta, Sm.

Of this neat little species I have only the two typical examples. It
is very pale fawn-gray, washed with reddish, the median lines darker brown
or even blackish. The costal area, while not paler, is of the palest gray
on the wing, and the ordinary spots are defined by the reddish washing
around them. The orbicular is V-shaped, open to the costa and like it in
tint. The extreme tip of the collar is black, else the head and thorax are
a rather rusty-red.

Rhynchagrotis mirabilis, Grt.

Easily known by the discolorous yellowish reniform and the black
streak through cell and below median vein—a somewhat variable feature,
by the bye. The disc of thorax is also more or less discoloured, as a rule,
with lateral black lines to the discoloured area.

Rhynchagrotis variata, Grt.

Begins the series in which the ordinary spots are small, not dis-
coloured ; the orbicular round, or nearly so, and always complete, not
open to the costa. The present species is perhaps the largest and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Fe

broadest-winged of the series, with a base of lilac-bluish, over which is the
prevailing wing colour, which ranges from a pale luteous to bronze-red in
one direction and smoky-gray in the other. The terminal space is always
pale, usually of the bluish base, and the broken median lines are usually
accompanied by the same bluish shading, which gives the appearance of
light, indefined bands across the wings. ‘The characteristic appearance so
imparted holds in all the variations of colour and makes the species almost
unmistakable.

The series of 16 ¢’s and it ¢’s before me shows a beautiful range
in coloration ; the localities extending from Kaslo, British Columbia, on
the north, to the Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, on the south, and from Glen-
wood Springs, Colorado, on the east, to the Sierra Nevada, California, on
the west. The palest specimens are from California, the darkest from
British Columbia. Dates are from June to August in the northern part of
its range, and from July to October in Arizona.

Rhynchagrotis scopeops, Dyar.

A very characteristic form, sim'lar in many respects to varzata, but
much smaller, narrower-winged and the unusually large ordinary spots
annulate with the pale or bluish underlay. The wings have a mottled
appearance, especially along the costa and basal area, which separates it
from placida. Kaslo, B. C.,is the type locality, and from it Mr. Cockle
has sent me a few examples for examination. I have a single male from
Newfoundland that I cannot separate, and which at present I believe to
be the same species.

Rhynchagrotis placida, Gtt.

This specific name has served as a blanket for all the smaller narrow-
winged forms in which the terminal space is paler than the rest of the
wing and the colours range from red-brown to mouse-gray, the grays
predominating. ‘There are really two forms concerned, the type placida
with an obvious median shade line in both sexes, the other without this
character. There are other differences in detail, but this is the most easily
noted superficial feature. The range of A/acida extends through the
northern United States and Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I
do not have it from any southern locality at present.

Rhynchagrotis negascia, 0. sp.

Similar to p/acida in size and general appearance, but with less
trigonate and more stumpy primaries. The absence of a distinct median
shade has been already noted, and, in addition, the ordinary spots are

228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

smaller, the reniform especially tending to become narrow, oblong, with
the angles rounded rather than kidney-shaped. ‘The secondaries in both
sexes are very evenly blackish, whereas in p/acida they are decidedly
paler at the base, and in no case evenly blackish. The primaries have
the appearance of being more densely scalded, and while finely powdered
appear morc even in general tint.

There is a large series of both sexes before me from Ft. Wingate,
New Mexico, and another, collected by Mr. Buchholz from Yavapai Co.,
Arizona. Altogether of spread material there are 35 ¢’s and 47 9’s
showing a remarkable uniformity in general characteristics, while yet the
terminal space is contiastingly blue in some examples, nearly concolorous
in others, and the predominating shade may range from creamy-luteous to
brick-red in one direction and smoky or gray-brown in the other. The
ordinary spots are usually a little darker and outlined by rather broad
annuli of the ground colour.

Rhynchagrotis inelegans, Sm.

An extremely obscure species which is not really well located here,
because it has a more obviously divided thoracic crest than the neigh-
bouring forms. But the ordinary spots are complete, and all the
maculation beyond the geminate basal and t. a. line is obscure. In the
type the colour at base and extending along costal area is red-brown,
darkening very gradually. In an example from Kaslo, which I take to be
the same, the entire wing is very dark, almost blackish, and all the
maculation is gone. More material is needed to fix the best place for
this species,

Rhynchagrotis duanca, i. sp.

Blackish-smoky ; head and collar faded, more yellowish, secondaries
with a brownish shade. Primaries with all the transverse maculation lost
or barely traceable ; ordinary spots small, traceable by slightly paler annull.

Expands.—1.22-1.36 inches = 30-34 mm.

Habitat.—Stecktoen, Utah; 1X. Cc * California.

Two ¢’s and 3 ?’s in rather unsatisfactory condition, but obviously
different from anything else in this series. It is narrower-winged than
nefascia, and with the maculation almost all lost. I have a pair of speci-
mens from Montana which are probably the same, but there is enough
question about it to prevent my placing them in the type series.

(To be continued.)

THE CANADIAN ENLOMOLOGIST. 229

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN HYDNOCERA
(COLEOPTERA).

BY A. B. WOLCOTT, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

The author has had in preparation a monograph of the genus
Hydnocera, it being now evident that the results can not be published for
some little time, and specimens having been sent out bearing. MS. names,
it is thought advisable to make known some of the most conspicuous
forms among the new species,

Hydnocera ceruleipennis, n. sp.—General form of padlipennis, but
more elongate and shining. Dark bluish-green, elytra bright blue-green ;
antennee, palpi, all the tibiz and front and middle tarsi pale testaceous,
the two basal joints and club of antenne, apices of palpi, labrum and
posterior tarsi piceous, the front and middle tarsi slightly infuscate, all the
green parts with metallic lustre. Antenne short, moderately slender, mass
acuminate at apex. Head with the large prominent eyes much wider
than the thorax, very finely and densely rugulose, front densely clothed
with short slivery white recumbent and long erect grayish hairs, a
conspicuous bunch of long erect grayish hairs below the eyes. Thorax as
long as broad, apical constriction strong, sides before the middle rather
strongly dilatated, sides posteriorly nearly straight, strongly convergent,
apical and basal transverse impressions strong, disc coarsely, densely but
not very deeply punctate, slightly rugulose at sides, lateral fovez large,
deep, pubescence rather sparse, long, erect, gray. Scutellum densely
clothed with semirecumbent grayish pubescence. Elytra covering the
abdomen, scarcely wider at base than the head, twice as long as wide at
base, humeri moderately prominent, sides straight, moderately narrowing
to apex, apices separately rounded and dehiscent at suture, sides behind
the middle and apices strongly serrate, pubescence rather sparse, gray,
erect and semierect at base, becoming shorter, more dense and erect and
recumbent toward the apices, very coarsely, deeply and slightly confluently
punctate, punctures not smaller at apex and but slightly more confluent.
Legs long, slender, posterior femora not nearly attaining the apex of
elytra, clothed with long erect cinereous hairs. Meso- and metasternum
densely clothed with short silvery white recumbent pubescence ; abdomen
more sparsely, with longer white hairs. Length, 3.75 mm.

Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, 5,000-8,000 feet. July. F. H. Snow,

This beautiful species is very distinct from all the known species of

our fauna, the form of the prothorax agreeing very nearly with pad/ipennts
July, 1908

230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and affliata, while the elytra are much longer than in those species, and
more coarsely punctured than in any other species with elytra attenuate.
The elytra are feebly depressed at apical one-third, the apices being not
perceptibly tumid, the depressed third of elytra is in certain lights of a
brilliant cobalt-blue tinge.

Flydnocera fallax, n. sp.—Robust, not strongly convex, black, with
greenish reflexions, feebly shining, elytra blue-black, a narrow longitudinal
maculation at base midway between the scutellum and the humeri
extending more than one-third the length of elytra, antennz, anterior and
middle legs and basal half of hind femora yellowish-testaceous, front tibiz
with outer margin piceous, hind tibiz obscurely testaceous on outer
margin, apical half of middle femora and tibiz slightly infuscate. Pubes-
cence rather sparse, moderately long, grayish and semierect, most
conspicuous on head, thorax and posterior half of elytra. Head with
large prominent eyes, one-fourth wider than thorax, front feebly and
vaguely impressed, densely, finely rugosely punctate. Thorax equally as
broad as long, apical constriction strong, sides moderately dilated, behind
the dilatation strongly compressed, sides thence to base slightly divergent,
apical transverse impressed line obsolete, subbasal impressed line short,
ending each side in a feeble fovea, basal margin reflexed, lateral foveze
obsolete, densely, finely rugosely punctate, middle of disk rather more
sparsely. Elytra slightly shorter than the abdomen, sides nearly straight,
convergent from base to apices, apices obliquely rounded, narrowly
dehiscent at suture, sides behind the middle and apices strongly serrate,
punctuation moderately coarse, rather sparse and mostly well separated
except at apical third, where they become dense and slightly rugulose,
colour blue-black, each with a narrow yellowish-testaceous longitudinal
stripe broader posteriorly, extending from the base midway between the
humeri and the scutellum to basal third. inner margin of stripe parallel
with suture, posteriorly dilated to twice the width at base. Length,
3.5 mm. |

Colorado Springs, Colorado, 6,000-7,000 feet. H. F. Wickham.

This species might at first sight readily be taken for Aumeradis. It
is, however, quite distinct, the thorax being longer, the elytral flanks
strongly convergent toward the apices, and the form is more robust, finally
the colour markings are of a different type.

The posterior femora extend slightly beyond the apex of elytra, but are
shorter than the abdomen.; the legs are sparsely clothed with long hairs,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231

Hydnocera Wickhami, n. sp.—Large, robust, moderately depressed,
black, slightly bronzed, above subopaque, body beneath and abdomen
moderately shining, head and thorax with greenish reflections. Head
scarcely wider than the thorax, eyes large, ciliate, with long dark hairs,
moderately prominent, labrum and labial palpi black, antenne and
maxillary palpi (except apical joint of latter) pale testaceous, antennze
moderately slender, extending nearly to middle of thorax, mass obtuse at
apex, head very densely but not very coarsely rugose, frontal impressions
very feeble, with a few semirecumbent short silvery white hairs, and longer ©
erect grayish and biack hairs. Thorax broader than long, apical
constriction strong, sides broadly, not very strongly, dilated, posteriorly
arcuately narrowing to base, apical transverse impression nearly obsolete,
basal margin reflexed, a short, deep, transverse, submarginal impression
at middle of base, disc with longitudinal nearly smooth space, elsewhere
densely, coarsely rugose, lateral foveee feeble, clothed in same manner as
the head. Scutellum clothed with fine, rather sparse, short, whitish
pubescence. Elytra much wider than the head, humeri obtusely rounded,
sides straight, parallel, slightly shorter than the abdomen, apices obtusely,
separately rounded, not serrate (merely a little irregular in outline),
slightly dehiscent at suture, the pubescence forming a fascia behind the
middle in which the silvery-white recumbent hairs are directed both
posteriorly and laterally, remainder of surface with very sparse short white
hairs and longer erect black hairs, the whitish hairs being most conspicuous
at the humeri and apex, before the postmedian fascia coarsely, deeply but
moderately sparsely punctate (the individual punctures well separated),
behind the fascia the punctuation is coarse, less deep and more crowded,
elytra not more strongly depressed toward the apices, which are not atall |
tumid. Body beneath and abdomen sparsely pubescent with long whitish
hairs, abdomen rather coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate, posterior
margins of ventral segments four and five broadly testaceous. Legs black,
anterior tarsi and apex of tibize testaceous. Length, 6 mm.

Santa Rita Mts., Arizona. One specimen collected and sent to me
by H. F. Wickham.

Only one other species of Hyduocera known to me exceeds this in
length. A. /onga, which is one millimeter longer, is of an entirely different
form, the thorax being as long as broad, and the legs are also much more
elongate. ;

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(5%)
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hy dnocera bimaculata, n. sp.—Large, robust, moderately depressed,
aeneous-black, upper surface feebly shining, elytra and body beneath
moderately shining. Head very slightly wider than the thorax, eyes large,
not very prominent, ciliate with long hairs, labrum, maxillary palpi and
antenne yellowish-testaceous, labial palpi piceous, the basal joint yellow-
ish-testaceous, antenne moderately stout, slightly longer than the head,
mass obtusely rounded at apex, head very densely, moderately, coarsely
punctate, frontal impressions feeble, very sparsely clothed with recumbent
silvery-white pubescence and sparse, long, erect cinereous hairs. Thorax
nearly one-fourth broader than long, apical constriction moderately
strong, sides broadly, moderately strongly dilated, posteriorly nearly
straight and convergent to base, apical transverse impressed line —
distinct, not deep, basal impressed line deep, extending from
side to side, the basal submargin is carinate and the carina
grooved, punctuation same as that of the head, at middle of apical
margin finely, transversely rugose, middle of disc smooth, lateral foveze
feeble and punctured, pubescence similar to that of the head, but with the
silvery-white pubescence semierect. Scutellum densely clothed with
long, whitish, recumbent hairs. Elytra wider than head and thorax,
humeri obtusely rounded, sides straight, moderately narrowing posteriorly,
shorter than the abdomen, apices obtusely separately rounded, finely
serrate, narrowly dehiscent at suture, behind the middle a rounded
yellowish-testaceous maculation, which is densely clothed with transversely
directed subrecumbent long whitish pubescence, the remainder of surface
with very sparse recumbent white and long semierect gray hairs, the
whitish hairs being most conspicuous at base, humeral regions and behind
the postmedian maculations, surface before the maculations rather
coarsely, densely and confluently punctate, behind the maculations
moderately, coarsely scabrous, maculations finely and densely punctured,
elytra from apical two-fifths to apex rather strongly declivous, apices not
tumid. Body beneath moderately clothed with long whitish hairs,
abdomen sparsely pubescent, body finely, densely punctate, abdomen
more coarsely, less densely punctate. Legs dark, inner margin of front
tibiz, apex of middle tibiz and front and middle tarsi pale testaceous.
Length, 5.25 mm.

Amedee, Cal., 4,200 feet. Received from H. F. Wickham.

While closely allied to Wickhami, it differs in too many characters to
allow its union with that species; the most conspicuous differences

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233

being in the sculpture and form of the elytra, the sides being convergent
in this species, while in Wzckhami they are parallel. It also differs from
Wickhami in having the long, erect, black hairs of the upper surface
wanting, the colour is different, and there is no trace of elytral colour
markings in that species.

flydnocera ornata, n. sp.—General form of Jongicollis. Black,
shining ; elytra’ each with a large basal maculation extending to the
middle, attaining the lateral margins at base but rapidly narrowing
posteriorly, narrowly interrupted at the suture, and with an obscurely
clouded area near scutellum, a large somewhat irregular longitudinal
maculation on lateral margin at apical third pale yellow. Pubescence
rather sparse, long, semierect, white, front of head densely clothed with
fine recumbent silvery white hairs. Antennz and mouth pale yellow; eyes
large, prominent, head very large, shining, coarsely, very sparsely and
irregularly punctate, finely rugose above the eyes. Prothorax brightly
shining, much narrower than the head, more than one-fourth longer than
broad, nearly cylindrical, sides before the middle very feebly obtusely
rounded, apical constriction moderate, sides parallel behind, lateral fovez
small, distinct, disc coarsely, very sparsely and vaguely punctate, sculpture
somewhat rugulose at the sides. Elytra at base slightly wider than the
head, humeri rather feeble, strongly attenuate, fully one-third shorter than
the abdomen, dehiscent at suture, apices rounded and strongly serrate,
tumid at apex, punctuation fine, nearly obsolete at base, more distinct but
sparse at middle, the individual punctures well separated except on the
tumefied portion, where they are very sparse and irregularly placed, some
being confluent. Legs pale yellowish, clothed with long sparse white
hairs. Length, 4.5 mm.

Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, 5,000-8,000 feet. Dr. F. H. Snow.

Closely allied to H Guatemale, Gork., described from Guatemala,
but that species has the elytral apices truncate, the pubescence short and
depressed, and to judge by the figure (Biologia, III, 2, Tab. 9, fig. 3), has
the elytra somewhat longer, prothorax shorter and broader, less cylindrical,
and with apical and basal margins narrowly yellowish-white. Orznata
differs from Jomgico//is by the shorter thorax, sculpture of the upper surface
and the colour pattern. The metasternal side pieces are densely clothed
with short recumbent white pubescence. The posterior femora scarcely
extend to apex of abdomen.

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN BEES.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

Tetralonia fulvitarsis, Cresson.—At Boulder, Colorado, May 21,
1907, Mrs. C. Bennett took two females and a male of Zetralonta at
flowers of vetch. The male is Z: fu/vitarsis, while the females are 7)
frater aragal/i, Ckll. This suggests that avaga//i is the female of
fulvitarsis, and although I cannot prove it, I believe this to be the case.

Andrena zizieformis, sp. nov.— @. Length about 7 mm-.; black ;
head transversely oval, broader than long ; clypeus shining, with sparse
strong punctures ; process of labrum broadly truncate; cheeks rounded,
not large ; front striatulate, with a prominent longitudinal keel ; flagellum,
except basally, clear ferruginous beneath ; third antennal joint nearly as
long as the following three together, these being very short ; pubescence
dull white, caudal fimbria pale golden ; tegule testaceous ; stigma and
nervures clear ferruginous ; legs dark brown, small joints of tarsi ferrugi-
nous. Exceedingly like A. z/s/@ (specimen collected at Milwaukee by Dr.
Grenicher compared), but differing as follows: Clypeus shining ;
flagellum much more slender basally ; face broader; frontal keel longer
and more prominent; facial foves grayish-white (not yellowish), very
inconspicuous when seen from in front ; thorax narrower, mesothorax with
fine but evident punctures; second submarginal cell broader ; first
abdominal segment with very fine but evident punctures ; second abdo-
minal segment depressed about one-third ; hair of abdomen whiter, and so
more conspicuous.

Hab.—Falls Church, Virginia, May 30. (LVathan Banks.)

Melissodes saponellus, sp. nov.— ?. Length about rr mm., anterior
wing not quite 8 mm.; black, with very pale ochreous hair; disc of
mesothorax exposed centrally, shining and sparsely punctured, with the
bordering hairs black, but easily overlooked ; hair on inner side of hind
basitarsus clear ferruginous ; abdomen broad, the second and following
segments all covered with pale ochreous felt-like hair, the second with a
median dusky band, where the hair is thin enough to partially expose the
surface ; hind margins of the segments (tegument) pallid, that of the first
slightly iridescent, and grading into the black through a red suffusion ;
hair of fifth segment and sides of sixth a very pale but warm reddish, not
at all biack or fuscous ; eyes green; flagellum, except basally, bright
ferruginous beneath ; tegule shining piceous ; maxillary palpi four-jointed,

the last joint minute.
July, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Jou

Superficially this looks exactly like a Xenoglossodes, and especially
resembles X. zmétatrix, Ckll. and Porter, from which it differs by the less
convex outer edge of mandibles, the flagellum red beneath, the black hair
on thorax above, and other small details. The two species are, I think,
closely related, and it is doubtful whether they should be generically
separated.

Among the species of AZe/issodes, it is most like AZ. Stearns?, Ckll.,
but larger and without black or fuscous hair on the legs. It cannot be the
undescribed female of JAZ. vernonensis, Vier., as the latter has a very much
broader second submarginal cell.

ffab.—Soap Lake, Grand Coulee, Washington State, June 29, 1g02.
(A. L. Melander, No. 9.)

Robertsonella Gleasoni, Titus. —The range of this little-known genus
and species is greatly extended by two males taken by Mr. N. Banks in
Virginia ; Glencarlyn, May 4, and Falls Church, May 30. More ventral
segments are visible than in the males of the allied genera.

HONEYDEW AND THE CORNICLES OF THE APHIDIDA.
BY C, 'P.* CILLELTE,; “FORT COLLINS,. COLO.

In Proc. of the Entomological Society of Washington, for Sept. to
Dec., 1906, on page 114, Is a discussion as to the source of honeydew
in the Aphidide. One not knowing the contrary might be misled by that
discussion into thinking that the members of the society were inclined to
believe that the cornicles are sometimes, if not commonly, the avenues
through which this substance is expelled from the aphid body.

More than a century ago Mr. William Curtis, in his paper on
“Observations on Aphides,” etc. (1800), announced his discovery that
honeydew is exclusively the product of Aphides, that it is their excrement,
and that he “‘found it to proceed from the extremity of the abdomen.”

He was in error, of course, in thinking that the Aphides are the only
source of honeydew, but I do not know of any successful contradiction
of his other two statements,

Buckton, in his “Monograph of British Aphidide,” figures an ant
taking a drop from the end of one of the cornicles of an Aphid, and some
later writers have copied the error.

In my studies of the plant-lice it often becomes necessary to pinch an
adult between the thumb and finger to determine whether or not the
specimen in hand is a male, an oviparous female, or a viviparous female.

July, 1908

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST,

One thing to be observed is usually the expulsion of a transparent drop of
“honeydew” from the very small anal
Opening immediately beneath the base
of the cauda. Waxy drops of white,
yellow, brown, red or the deepest
black fluid may usually be seen at the
same time as they are expelled from
the tips of the cornicles; and the
embryos, the eggs, or the genital organ
of the male, as the case may be, will
be protruded from the large genital
opening beneath the anal plate. (See
figure. )

Neither the writer nor his helpers,
who have been observing the Aphididz
rather carefully for a few years past,

Fic. 13.—Abdomen of Aphid. have ever found “honeydew” issuing

from the cornicles.

There is properly but one anal and one genital plate, each beneath
the aperture named, as shown in the illustration. Or these plates might
be called supra- and infra-genital plates. And then the honeydew is
expelled with considerable force free from the body, while the sticky drops
that are expelled from the cornicles accumulate at their ends and may run
down, but do not often free themselves from the cornicles. It is probably
true that the exudation from the cornicles is somewhat protective. It is
difficult, however, to believe that this secretion can be very effectual in
defending the Aphidide from the attacks of their predaceous and para-
sitic enemies.

In my observations the cornicles have always been found between
the 5th and 6th segments of the abdomen, or upon the 6th, but they have
not always been so drawn in published illustrations.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 13:

Terminal joints of abdomen of Aphid showivg drop of honey-
dew ; C, cornicle; A, drop of sticky exudation at end of cornicle; S,
style or cauda; H, honeydew escaping from anal opening; G, two
genital plates, between which is the genital opening. The superior of
these two plates is properly the anal, or supra-genital plate, and the lower
plate is properly the genital or subgenital plate.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zon

NOBRESIVON: THE: NEW ‘SPECIES AND VARIN FIES (‘OF
RHOPALOCERA IN-WRIGHT’S BUTTERFLIES
OF. THE: WEST. COASE

BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.

Mr. W. G. Wright, in his ‘Butterflies of the West Coast,” describes
thirty-two new species and varieties. A number of these, as shown by
various reviewers, must be placed as synonyms, and others are but
geographical races and aberrations. Unfortunately, the habitats given are
vague and indefinite, and this appears to be particularly true of the new
forms. The following are described and, with few exceptions, are figured :

PARNASSID.

10. Parnassius smintheus, var. niger, Wright.—This variety is
founded on a single ¢, which is entirely destitute of red. Hardly worthy
of varietal rank.

13. 2. smintheus, var. magnus, Wright.—This is a large northern
race Of smintheus.

PAPILIONIDA.

25. Papilio zolicaon, var. coloro, Wright.—Described from a single
specimen taken in the Colorado Desert. Differs from zo/icaon only in
deeper yellowish colour.

PIERID&.

60. Anthocharis deserti, Wright.—Appears to be a small-sized desert

form of cethura.

67. Anthocharis mollis, Wright.—I would consider this identical
with sara.

70. Anthocharis caliente, Wright.—Described from a single female.
It may prove to be a variety of Azma, to which it comes closest.

NYMPHALID&.
111. Argyunis letis, Wright.—A slight 4 variety of /efo.

119. A. sordida, Wright.—This is given as a variety of Bremner,
differing from the typical form in that the under surface of the secondaries
has the white or buff spots more or less obsolete, and the surface is suffused
witb ferruginous. The specimen figured as Bremneri is rhodope, and
hence we must consider sordida a variety of that species. No figure of
sordida is given.

134. A. /aurina, Wright.—An unsilvered variety of /aura.
July, 1908

238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

160. Melitea olancha, Wright.—Similar to chalcedon, with which it
is probably identical. ;

163. Jlelitea sierra, Wright.—This species is given the indefinite
habitat “Sierra Nevadas.” Mr. E. J. Newcomer has given me several
specimens of a A/e/ite@a which agree well with the description of serra.
They came from Lake Tahoe (Eldorado Co., Calif.), at an elevation of
about 6,800 ft , and were quite common in July.

170. JZ. augustina, Wright.—Merely an aberration of augusta.

178. AL. eremita, Wright.—This is another species coming from one
of Mr. Wright’s hidden localities in Central California. Collectors in this
vicinity have noted a AZe/itea which has been rather common in the foot-
hills here, and which appears to be evemzta. It is rather doubtful, how-
ever, if evemita will prove to be a valid species.

179. JZ. hermoso, Wright.—This species is well named, as it is
indeed one of the most beautiful of the genus.

180. MW. colonia, Wright.—Described from Mt. Hood, Oregon.

181. AL. sabina, Wright.—Described from a single battered and
dilapidated specimen.

183. AL. abnorma, Wright.

An aberration of Hoffmanut.

184. A. mirabilis, Wright.— Another aberration, evidently of
floffmanut.

186. MW. leona, Wright.—A variety of /eonira; and may be odso/eta.

189. JZ. cenita, Wright.—From Southern California.

198. Phyctodes pascoensis, Wright.—A slight variety of zyctezs.

212. Syuchloe Californica, Wright.
species is figured.

222. Grapta chrysoptera, Wright——Mr. Fordyce Grinnell (Ent.
News, Nov., 1907) has recorded this species from the San Gabriel Mts.,
Southern California. The types came from Mendocino and Lake counties.

A good series of this distinct

AGAPETID&.
249. Satyrus Stephensi, Wright.—This fine species is described
from Northeastern California.
LYCANID&.
328. Thecla avolona, Wright.—From Catalina Island.

347. Chrysophanus Del Sud, Wright, = hermes, Edw. — (See
Coolidge, Psyche XIV, Dec., 1907). It seems rather odd that Wright

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239

should give a description of ermes on one page and then on the next
describe De/ Sud, which answers the description perfectly and comes
from the type locality.

382. Lycena melimono, Wright, = Ly. emigdionis, Grinnell,
dimorphic 9.—The two females b andc of Zy. Shasta also belong to
emigdionis. As I have already pointed out (Ent. News, XVIII, p. 300),
there is no ¢, Mr. Grinnell may have described it in error.

400. Ly. stssona, Wright.—A small species from Shasta County.

401. Ly. astragala, Wright.—Another tiny species, the type (ag)
is unique.
HESPERID&.

423. Lamphila Californica, Wright.—Found in Southern California.
441. P. chispa, Wright, = P. Tecumseh, Grinnell.

480. Wisioniades lacustra, Wright—A synonym of JM. callidus,
Grinnell.

ANOTHER CHALCIDOID PARASITE OF Ay TLE

BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

It will be remembered that in Entomological News for November,
1907 (pp. 375-378, fig. 1, plate XIV), the writer announced the unique
breeding of a Chalcidoid parasite of the Ixodid, Hemaphysalis leporis-
palustris, collected by Mr. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, on a
cotton-tail rabbit in Jackson County, Texas, and that the genus
Ixodiphagus was erected for this species, which was called 7, Zexanus.
It is now his pleasure to announce that another Chalcidoid has been
reared from an Ixodid under conditions that leave no doubt as to the
parasitic relation already so well established in the case of Ixodiphagus.

April 20, 1908, Mr. H. P. Wood collected numerous specimens of
a brown tick from a smali Mexican dog at Corpus Christi, and sent them
to the Dallas Laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology. This tick proved
to be Rhipicephalus Texanus, Banks, recently described in Mr. Banks’s
Revision of the Ixodoidea, or Ticks, of the United States, Technical
Series No. 15, Bureau of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, issued June 6, 1908. The ticks were placed in charge of Mr. W.
A. Hooker, of the Dallas Laboratory, who informs the writer that among
them there were thirteen engorged nymphs and several slightly engorged

adults. Mr. Hooker further states that the adults were placed in tubes
July, 1908

240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and the nymphs in a pill-box, all on moist sand. On May 4th, when
examined, the nymphs appeared unusually swollen, so that parasitism was
suspected, and they were immediately isolated in small tubes with
absorbent cotton stoppers. The posterior portion of
the body of the host soon became translucent, indi-
cating that parasite larvee were at that end of the
body. ‘The first adult parasites appeared May 22,
and 51 specimens issued from five ticks on the 22nd
and 23rd.

©

The full life-history of the parasite is not known,
and the time and method of oviposition would be
very interesting if they were known. It seems that
it is the habit of the host to drop off the animal to
which it is attached and to pass both moults on the
ground. This would afford a good opportunity for
the parasite to deposit its eggs while the young nymph
is awaiting a host animal. From the fact, however,
that a number of parasites issue from a single tick,
there is a possibility of a polyembryonic method of
ep a ee oe development, in which case it is likely that the

eaten Chalcidid may lay its egg in the egg of the tick.
The exact dates sent in by Mr. Hooker are as follows: April 16,
approximately the date when the nymphs became attached to the dog ;
April 20 the engorged nymphs were collected ; May 12 parasites pupated ;
May 22 the parasites began to emerge. Parasites were bred only from
nymphs, and not from larve or from adults.

The parasite appears to be rather closely related to Ixodiphagus,
but will form a new genus. As pointed out in the article in Entomological
News above referred to, Ixodiphagus belongs to the subfamily Encyrtine,
but does not fit into any of its tribes. It will therefore be desirable to
found a new tribe, Ixodiphagini, to include Ixodiphagus and the new
genus Hunterellus, about to be described.

Family ENcyrTID&, Walker (1837).
Subfamily Encyrtin®, How. (1886).
Tribe Ixodiphagini, How.
HUNTERELLUS, gen. nov.
Fema/le.—VDiffers from Ixodiphagus in the following respects: Head
triangular when seen from side ; antennz inserted well above middle of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241

face ; face below insertion of antenne well-rounded ; distance between
lateral ocelli and median ocellus greater than that between one of the
laterals and the eye margin; maxillary palpi long; joints 2 and 3 sub-
equal in length, and each as long as or longer than 1, joint 4 longer than 3.

Male.—Resembles female except in antennz, in which the funicle
joints are all of equal width, each somewhat longer than broad, and all
well separated, with rounded bases and sharply truncate tips ; moderately
hairy ; hairs not arranged in whorls.

Hunterellus Hookert, n. sp.—Female.—Length, 0.85 mm.; expanse,
2.04 mm.; greatest width of fore wing, 0.35 mm. Head and mesonotum
very finely shagreened, somewhat shining and furnished with many fine,
short hairs. Mesopleura smooth, shining. General colour black.
Antenne dark fuscous. Front and middle tarsi and tibie dirty honey-

yellow ; hind tibie brownish in middle, honey-yellow at either end ; front
and middle femora light at distal end. Veins of wing dark brown.

Male.—Resembles female except in antennz, which are lighter in
colour. Described from four females and six males, reared May 22 from
Rhipicephalus Texanus collected on Mexican dog at Corpus Christi,
April 20, 1908.

U. S. National Museum, type No. 11,947.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON AMERICAN CORIZINI
(HEMIPTERA).

BY C. F. BAKER, PARA, BRAZIL.

In Uhler’s check list there appeared eleven North American species
of this group, all under the genus Corzzus. But one of these (Aya/inus)
had also been found in Europe. ‘Two were species of Dallas, one of Say,
two of Stal, and the remainder date from the monograph of the genus by
Signoret, published in 1859 in the Ann. Ent. Soc., France. The descrip-
tions of Signoret are largely drawn from colour characters, and have
consequently been the cause of endless confusion and misunderstanding
in the determination of the species. The colour forms are simply multi-
tudinous “protean,” as stated by Distant. In large series from all parts of
North, Central and South America specimens may easily be discovered
that exactly fit the descriptions of Signoret, but they are mostly mere links

in vast intergrading series of forms. In collections where these forms are
July, 1908

242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

represented by but a few specimens each, they are extremely difficult to
understand. And this misunderstanding is frequently strengthened by the
fact that in a single locality races are likely to be found quite pure and
uniform.

The way was paved to a proper understanding of the group by Stal
in the ‘‘Enumeratio,” where he separated from the old genus Corzzus a
number of subgenera, leaving under the original name only certain old
species grouped around crassicornis. These subgenera were exceedingly
well founded, since in a study of many species, other co-ordinated
characters may be discovered which were not used by Stal. These groups
are as well founded as the generally recognized and nearly related:
Maccavethus, Brachycarenus and Corizomorpha, and are much more
readily separable than many other genera of the Coreidz. For my own
convenience I call them ‘genera.” Apart from other considerations,
however, a careful study of these groups of Stal is the only path towards
bringing order out of the utter confusion in the arrangement of the species
in most American collections.

I have already before me something more than a thousand specimens
of this group. Many of these specimens have previously been studied by
Dr. Uhler and Mr. Heidemann. I have made a preliminary arrangement
of all this material, and shall be glad now to undertake the determination
of other collections, adding to such collections forms lacking to them in

return for any duplicates retained.

Genus Corizus, Fall.

3ut one species belonging to this genus, as limited by Stal, has ever
been described for North America—zoveboracensis, recognized by Fitch
and described by Signoret.. In American collections pale forms of this are
commonly referred to Ayalizus, which belongs in a different genus.
Noveaboracensis is one of the most distinct species in the American fauna,
and is represented by various forms, especially towards the West. Padl/idus
is a very common pale form found from Colorado to Nevada, but it agrees
in all essential characters with zoveboracensis, and intergrades it through-
out its range. Some of the commoner forms of this species may be
temporarily separated as follows :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245
A, Smaller pale greenish forms; western:... 03... %.. pallidus, Baker.
AA. Larger, darker, brownish to blackish forms.
B. Scutel yellowish, whole insect pale brown ;
RCV AG. ..an ies Gate sce, «See mntermedia, Baker.

Bb. Scutel brown to black, body of various shades of brown,
but mostly dark.

C. Length, 6-7 mm.; E. U.S. to Nevada. zoveboracensis, Fh.
CC. Length, 7-9 mm.; Colo. to Nevada. .occidenta/is, Baker.

BBB. Scutel and most of the body above, with the legs,

Dimeric vee Se eee Sr oes ....-plutonius, Baker.
Genus LioruHyssus, Stal.

This genus has but one known American species, Aya/inus, with
numerous forms everywhere. In but few cases are these even geograph-
ical, since the same ones constantly recur in widely-separated localities and
in all sorts of combinations. Only in the extreme south have I found any
clearly-marked varieties. In Cuba ali the individuals taken by me are
very dark, with disc of pronotum almost black. Some of these southern
forms deserve distinguishing names, if South American extensions of the

species have not already been named. Uhler has described one of the
western forms as viridicatus.

Genus NIESTHREA, Stal.

This genus contains the most highly-coloured species of the group,
and is the largest genus in North America. Frequently small forms had
been determined for me as ventradis and szde, but both of these, together
with scutatus and validus, were originally described as about 1o mm. in
length. The large forms constitute a well-defined series, which, with a
Jarge amount of material before me, I believe to be of but specific value.
The vafidus of Uhler varies completely into the scutatus of Stal, which is
one of the most common species of the Pacific Slope. Ventradis is but
side with lateral rows of black dots on each ventral segment. Large series
collected in Nevada, Middie and Southern California and Mexico illustrate
very clearly the relation between these large forms. The small forms of
the genus known to me appear to belong to but three specific groups,
but with many forms each; these are the /atera/is of Say, the pictipes of
Stal, and the side of Fabricius. Vigristernum, recognized by Fitch and
described by Signoret, I believe to be the merest colour-form of /atera/is.

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The typical form of /ateralis is common in the Middle States, extending
far to the east and far to the West, and presenting a number of conspicu-
ous forms. Individuals more or less suffused with red may occur in
almost any of the species, and especially in this. However, in the
mountains of Southern California I found a uniform race of small roseate-
hued individuals that certainly deserve separate recognition, and I have
given them the form name vosews. The /uteo/us of Distant appears to be
but a mere variety of /ateralis. The punctatus of Signoret (determined at
various times for me as venfra/is, which is a far larger and paler form)
ranges from the North-eastern United States into Mexico and Central
America, and as a general thing is remarkably uniform for one of this
group. I collected a smaller paler form in Nicaragua. Structurally,
punctatus is extremely close to /atera/is.

The specific group, pzctipes of Stal, is essentially southern, forms of the
species being abundant in West Indies, Mexico, Central and South
America. I have many specimens of a very uniform race from Louisiana,
and doubtless it will be found eastward and westward in the Gulf States.
Most abundant in Nicaragua is the form of this species named mebu/osus.

Genus ARHYSSUS, Stal.

Stal made punctiventris of Dallas the type of this group. The short
antenne, general form, and the very bristly head and thorax, are quite
characteristic. After I had separated all of my material of this group, a
search was made for determined punctiventris. Curiously enough, species
were found in each of the other three genera which had been determined
as punctiventris, but none in the group of which it had been made the
type. Although published seven years previously, yet not one of the
Dallas species is mentioned in the ‘“‘Monographie du Genre Corizus.” But
I believe that Signoret had the true punctiventris of Dallas, and described
it under the name of Bohemani. It is found throughout the United States,
and occurs in most general collections of Heteroptera, though I have yet
encountered no specimens properly named. /2/osus and parvicoruts, both
of which I have collected in the extreme south, have no good structural
characters to separate them from pumctiventris except size, and numerous
intermediate forms occur. The Jdoreal/is of Uhler had been reduced to
punctiventris, but this reference is in doubt, since of various forms deter-
mined as punctiventris for me by Dr. Uhler, none are even Arhyssus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245

GEOMETRID NOTES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF: NEW
SPECIES.

BY L. W. SWETT, BEDFORD, MASS.

Eupithecia Russeliata, n. sp.—Expands 13-16 mm., palpi % mm.,
general colour grayish white, antenne not ciliated.

This species seems to vary in size and colour, but the markings
remain distinct. Fore wings of a grayish white, with four distinct black
patches on costa the beginnings of lines. The basal is indistinct and
broken on the median vein, the intradiscal runs to inner margin in a series
of waves, the discal spot is black, very large, round and prominent. The
extradiscal line is rounded out below costa and opposite discal spot,
appearing like dots on the veins and curving inwardly on vein 3 to inner
margin. A pale broad band borders the extradiscal line, following the
same course, then comes the marginal area, suffused broadly with gray,
through which a narrow zigzag line runs to inner margin, fringe gray.
Hind wings same colour as fore wings, with traces of five lines, the first
three of which are shown only in dots on the inner angle, a small linear
discal spot, then a broad dark dotted line accentuated on veins, rather
irregular in its course, runs up to meet the extradiscal line of fore wings,
beyond a broad pale band, then a dotted line taking the same course as.
the extradiscal, another pale band and marginal dots ; fringe longer than
on fore wings and grayish ; body ash-coloured. Beneath paler than above,
with the two extra bands very prominent, rounded out opposite discal spot
and curving to about vein 5, then inwardly towards body. Hind wings
the same except that the lines are more dotted on the veins, and the
extradiscal makes a deep dip at about vein 4. This species seems to be
quite widely distributed over the Atlantic region.

Co-types, 3 fs, 39s. Winchendon, Mass. (April 12), Dr. Russel ;
Framingham (April 23, ’05), Mr. Frost ; Taunton, Mass. (L. Swett), April
14; Newark, N. J. (Mr. Broadwell), April 6. I take pleasure in naming
this species after my friend Dr. Russel, of Winchendon, Mass.

Eupithecta Brauneata, vn. sp.—Expands 22 mm., antenne very
slightly ciliated beneath, palpi very short, general colour dark gray.

Fore wings dark fuscous-gray, a faint wavy inner band, then a broad
dark band straighter on inner side than outer, on the outer has a projection
opposite the discal spot, then runs irregularly to the inner margin. This

is bordered with a pale band, then a narrow irregular line runs from costa,
July, 1908

246 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

just outside the linear discal spot, to the inner margin, a broad gray area,
then a black patch runs down from the costa sharply angled outwardly,
with a narrow line represented by dots running straight to inner margin.
A pale band beyond this of the same shape, with a faint line running
through the centre; the edge of the wing is bordered broadly with fuscous
through which a zigzag white line runs to inner margin, ending in two
white twin spots. Hind wings dusky, with traces of lines, intervenular
dots on both wings, fringe, intradiscal and extradiscal lines are broad and
black, discal spot prominent as above, hardly noticeabie on the hind
wings, as they have above two broad wavy extradiscal bands ; and the
edges of fore and hind wings have a dark border, which has a mottled
appearance.

Types, ¢ and 9, Mountain Lake, Va., June 14-21, 1907. The 4
type is in Miss Braun’s collection, the ¢, through her kindness, in my
own.

Co-types,'2 9s, Mountain Lake, Va., June 14-21, 1907. Miss A.
F. Braun, all in her collection.

This pretty and distinct species I have named after Miss Braun, who
kindly sent me the specimens.

Eupithecia interruptofasciata (Packard).—This species was first
described in the 5th Report of the Peabody Academy of Sciences, the
types being two females, Texax (Belfrage), October and November. One
male, Mass. (Sanborn) and two males, Albany, N. Y., (Lintner). This
species Packard confused more than any other, and there were many
labelled interruptofasctata in his collection which I knew by the localities
could not be the types ; these he must have added when he wrote the
Monograph. After a search I discovered the two female types with the
correct date and locality, and agreeing with the description, but no males
could I find, and finally I remembered that in many cases Packard
returned the types to the owners after describing them, so, as the locality
was Albany, I surmised they might be in the Lintner collection. I wrote
to my kind friend, Dr. Felt, and he replied that the two male types were
there, as the Lintner collection had been kept intact, and gave me
additional information of great value. As I had to go on business to
Albany, I determined to look over the types, and sure enough 1 found
them with the correct labels, as follows: No. 1833, ¢, E. interrupto-
fasciata (Pack.), and beneath a second label, Eup. miserulata (Grote), as
if he doubted the species. The other male was labelled 1833a, f ? and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247

bore the same label as the first. After studying them carefully, I was
surprised to find the two were different species, and both males, and also
not conspecific with the two females at Cambridge, making three species
under one name. ‘The two female (Texas) types were alike, but the males
were different species. The third male type (Mass.), Sanborn, I have been
unable to locate, though it may come to light in some of the Boston
Society of Natural History collections. The first male type, No. 1833 E,
is quite large, has strongly-ciliated antenne, long palpi, and pale outer
extradiscal band strongly angulated below costa and prominent discal
spot, wings dusky gray in colour. It comes rather close to my new
species, Hupithecia Grossbeckiata, but is almost twice as large and with
different markings. The second male, No. 1833a, is much smaller, of a
dull gray, and markings much like the first, only the antennz are simple
and the palpi are very short. ‘This isa male, though doubtfully labelled
by Packard ; so we have two males not conspecific, and, so far as I know,
undescribed. I have retained the name zxterruptofasciata (Pack.) on the
two female Texas types (Belfrage), Oct. and Nov., as they are conspecific
and in Packard’s own collection at Cambridge, Mass. I am not prepared
to say what the two male Albany types are, except that at present they are
undescribed so far as I know. Last fall I took the males of Z.
interruptofasciata in September, sparingly on the under side of White
Pine limbs at Bedford, Mass., and they agree exactly with the Texas
females, and have simple antenne. I shall make my males co-types, and
deposit one with Dr. Felt at Albany, so that he may have the species.
Mr. Taylor sent me one some time ago, among some Eupithecias for
identification, which I believe was bred by Dr. Fletcher on the Juniper ;
it is slightly more of a brownish cast, where mine are gray. Early in May
I take a species, very close to inxterruptofasciata, yet there are marked
differences, such as heavier extradiscal lines and no wave in it,
but the species may be double-brooded and variable. This species,
Eupithecia interruptofasciata, is easily told by the dashes on the veins
from the extradiscal line, and the line itself, when near inner margin, is
owed inwardly towards the body. This I think settles the standing of
this species, as I know every type but the Mass. (Sanborn). It is not
common with me, as I only take about six specimens every fall, and the
males are less numerous than females. I wish to thank Dr. Felt and Mr.
Samuel Henshaw for valuable information and assistance, also Mr. Young,
of Albany, N. Y.

248 ' THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The Entomological Society has held its regular meetings, as far as
possible, every alternate week during the College year. ‘The first meeting
of the fall term was held on October 16th, and the last meeting of the
spring term on March 18th.

As the headquarters of the Society are now at the Ontario Agricultural
College, Guelph, a majority of the regular attendants are, as would be
expected, college students who are interested in some form of insect study.
This fact has naturally had considerable influence upon the choice of the
subjects for the different meetings. It has been found that by careful
selection of desirable subjects and by encouraging the students to take an
active pait in the preparation of such subjects and in the discussions that
follow the reading of each paper, the meetings become of great value to
them and supplement the regular class-room work. A gratifying amount
of enthusiasm has been shown by the members of the Society throughout
the year, and prospects are bright for still better work next year.

The following is a list of the papers read :

“The Cynipid Galls,” by W. R. Thompson (3rd-year student).

“The Fight Against the Brown-tail Moth in Nova Scotia,” by T-
Brady (3rd-year student).

“Wing Classification of the Heteropterous Land Forms,” by R. C.
Treherne (3rd-year student).

‘‘Parasitism,” by G. M. Frier (4th-year student).

‘Adaptations of Aquatic Insects,” by L. Cesar (4th-year student).

“Fungi that Attack Insects,” by J.W.Eastham (Demonstrator in Botany)

“Insects- as. Carriers of Disease,” by T.-D. Jarvis (lectineram
Entomology).

‘‘Reminiscences of Entomologists Whom I Have Known,” by C. J.
S. Bethune (Professor of Entomology).

In regard to the above papers, it should be said that Mr. Brady’s.
account of the ‘‘Fight Against the Brown-tail Moth of Nova Scotia” was
given from his own experience in the Annapolis Valley in the summer of
1907. He was one of a number of men employed by the Government of
the Province to combat this new pest, which had spread from the New
England States and was rapidly becoming alarmingly abundant in the
Annapolis Valley district.

Dr. Bethune’s paper on “Reminiscences of Entomologists Whom I
Have Known,” was given in response to the request of the Society. On
account of the doctor’s wide and long-continued acquaintanceship with
numerous famous entomologists, the members felt that an address of this.
kind would be very valuable in making them more intimate with the lead-
ing men in entomology and the work that was being done by them both
in England and America to-day. The paper, though dealing with such a
broad field, was full of the pleasure and profit that had been expected.—
[L. Casar, Secretary.

Mailed July 2nd, 1908.

The Fanailiay Entomologist

Vor. xi: LONDON, AUGUST, 1908. No. 8.

RECENT WORK AMONG THE BORERS.

BY HENRY H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL.

Since the publication in the September, 1905, number of this journal
of my paper entitled ‘“‘ New Gortynas,” a number of papers dealing with
the same group of moths have appeared, which were naturally of great
interest to me.

In the March, 1907, number of the Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. appeared a
paper by Dr. H. G. Dyar, in which a new species was described under
the name A/ydrecia stenoce/is, that author apparently using the names
Hydrecta, Papaipema and Gortyna interchangeably.

The type of this species I saw during a recent visit to Washington,
and it is certainly a very distinct species, which could not be confounded
with any other form at present known.

But the papers of most interest to me were those which appeared in
the August and September, 1907, numbers of this journal, from the pen of
Mr. H. Bird. In these papers the author has described a number of very
interesting species, and made a very considerable addition to our knowl-
edge of this group, in which he has for years done so much good work.

Mr. Bird very truly says that the working out of life histories in this
genus is a greater contribution to entomological knowledge than the mere
description of new forms, and this, I take it, would equally apply in the
case of most other genera. But Mr. Bird would not suggest that a species
should not be described unless its life history had been previously un-
ravelled, as he has himself described several species of which the early
stages are unknown. Moreover, the conditions in this group are very
different from those in most other genera, because these having boring
larvee, it is generally easier to find the larve than the moths, and in many
cases the determination of the moths is difficult unless they have been

bred.

In the September number Mr. Bird described the species boring in
Fteris aguilina under the name fferisiz. This species I have had repre-
sented in my collection by a single specimen taken by one of our

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Montreal collectors in 1903, and I was convinced of its distinctness, but
refrained from describing it from a single flown specimen, even though in
good condition. In 1904 Mr. Winn bred a single perfect specimen from
the Brake, which confirmed my belief in its distinctness, but Mr. Winn
submitted his specimen to Mr. Bird, who pronounced it purpurifascia.
It was also bred at Ottawa by some of the Ottawa entomologists, and on
being submitted to Mr. Bird, he wrote that he knew the form “ like a
book,” and that it was only a variety of Harrisiz, and under that name it
was listed in Dr. Fletcher’s ‘‘ Record.” I tried to obtain the material to
breed these three forms side by side, but before I succeeded Mr. Bird’s
description appeared.

It matters little who describes a species so long as it is well done,
and I know of no one better qualified for the task than Mr. Bird, who
has made himself so thoroughly master of this group. I cannot, however,
congratulate him upon the name chosen. It was, perhaps, not unnatu-
rally supposed. that the-name was intended in some way to indicate the
food-plant, as in the case of daptiste, thalictri and eupatorit, but upon
objection being made that the genitive of pferis should be ptercdis, the
author wrote that it was quite a mistake to suppose that the name was
intended to indicate the food-plant, and that the species was dedicated to
his pet cat which rejoices in the name Pterisius, and that those who spell
ffTarrisit with a capital should do the same in the case of Prerisiz. One
may, perhaps, be pardoned for objecting, that, while this may satisfactorily
account for the derivation of the name of the moth, the derivation of the
name of the immortal cat remains obscure, but fancy bracketing Thaddeus
William. Harris with a cat! ‘That yellow, sickly brake” may or may
not indicate the presence of this species, as I have examined more that
had not been bored than that had. My experience with the larva has
been limited to one season, but I have not found it especially parasitized,
as out of five or six mature larve found, I ubtained four moths.

Mr. Bird’s statements in regard to my Gortyna erata appear to me
a little misleading. It was not I who referred it as a synonym of nediia,
Strecker, but Dr. J. B. Smith, on account of which I made a special
pilgrimage to Reading to see the types of Dr. Strecker’s species, and not
being able to discover any apparent difference beyond what might be
expected between flown and bred material, and not being one of those

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | 251

who will never admit making a mistake, I reluctantly accepted Dr. Smith’s
reference, which, through the discovery by Mr. Bird of the true sedcta,
has been shown to have been erroneous.

Mr. Bird calls my statement that the usual longitudinal lines in the
larva of @rata are all continuous “ meagre,” and suggests that as Burdock,
from which I bred it, is very generally bored by cataphracta, the question
may be open to possible error. Had I only found a larva which I sup-
posed to be that of grata, Mr. Bird’s suggestion would be warranted, but
seeing that I have bred the moth repeatedly from these larve, there is no
peradventure in the matter. I have bred this form in four different years,
and have secured thirteen moths, of which my six types and three other
specimens are still in my collections, and the others have been presented
by me to Mr. Bird, Dr. Fletcher, the British Museum and the National
Museum at Washington, and I have an inflate of the larva kindly made
for me by Mr. Gibson. My statement was merely made to show that it
could be separated at a glance from the larva of ruti/a with which it was
associated.

Mr. Bird refers to Burdock being frequently bored by cataphracta,
and that is the case at Ottawa where rvf//a has not yet been found, but
cataphracta has never been found boring in Burdock here, and was not
known to occur here until I bred it from Eupatorium purpureum. When
I found the larva in that plant, i thought I had discovered another new
species, being misled by Mr. Bird’s erroneous statement* that the larva is
almost identical in markings with that of wzte/a, which he described as
having the subdorsal lines absent from the first four abdominal segments,
but on obtaining larvee of cataphracta in Burdock from Ottawa from Mr.
Gibson, I found that they were identical with mine from the Hupatorium.

4trata I have only found in one limited locality in Westmount, a
suburb of Montreal, and its existence there is threatened every year
through the abominable practice of the municipal authorities of having
the Burdocks along the edge of the street cut down, and its existence so
far is probably due to its habit of boring in the lower part of the stalk, as
I have sometimes found ru¢7/a boring in the upper part of the stalk and
e@rata in the lower part. :

The following description of the larva of erata was made on the 14th
July, 1907, from a larva found boring in Burdock, near the root, on that
date, the larva being apparently about half-grown.

*Can. Ent., XXX., 129.

I
or
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Length at rest 13-16 inch, in motion 15-16 inch. Head yellow
brown, with a purplish brown line running down each side, being appar-
ently the prolongation of the band of same colour below the subdorsal
whitish stripe, and on it are the ocelli, but in some individuals this line is
obscure. Cervical shield large, practically covering the whole of the first
thoracic segment, yellowish, lighter than the head, edged on each side
with purplish brown, the continuation of that shade below the subdorsal
whitish line. ;

Colours of body practically the same as in rwti/a, being purplish
brown, with dorsal and subdorsal pale cream colour or whitish stripes,
which are not broken in any part, but are continuous from head to tail.
The purplish brown of the first four abdominal segments has the appear-
ance of being deeper in colour than on the rear segments, but this is
partly owing to the whitish stripes being narrower on these segments
than on those behind them. Warts strongly marked, darker than the
purplish-brown ground colour, IV on the seventh abdominal segment
being slightly above the level of the spiracle, setze simple. Anal shield
large, yellowish like the cervical shield.

On receipt of the specimen of @rata which I sent to the British
Museum, Sir George Hampson wrote me that he considered it an un-
marked form of 4mpida, Gn., but it appears to me that this must be at
least doubtful until more is known of /imfzda, the types of which came
from Illinois, especially as that species is not known to have an un-
marked form, and in view of the extreme closeness of some of the species,
as shown by some of Mr. Bird’s more recent discoveries.

Mr. Bird next dealt with the forms which I described as ¢thadictrt
and var. perobsoleta, pronouncing the latter identical with /rzg7da, Smith,
on the ground that there was ‘nothing in the description and nothing in
the types, except the usual difference between flown and bred material ”
to separate the forms. I may be permitted to point out that it was on
precisely identical grounds that my @rvata was pronounced a synonym
of melita, Strecker, as we now know, through Mr. Bird’s discovery, errone-
ously. Mr. Bird points out that in Dr. Smith’s plates representing genital
armature* Fig. 25 was supposed to be that of cerussata, while Fig. 26
represented /rigida, Sm., and says that afterwards No. 25 was found not

> Ptans: Amer: Ent. Soc.) eV. ‘pli:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253

to agree with the structure of the true cerwssata, but was later found to
agree closely with that of my ¢ha/ictri, which he considers a proof that
thalictri, Lyman, and frigida, Smith, are identical. I may say that in
examining Dr. Smith’s specimens before publishing my description of
thalictrt, | recognized a specimen of that form standing among his speci-

mens of cerzssata, but I may be permitted to point out that while these
two figures, 25 and 26, are similar, they are still distinctly different, and

were regarded by Dr. Smith as representing distinct species.

In reference to the great similarity of cerussata and thalictri which
deceived Dr. Smith, I may mention that perfect bred specimens of the
latter, some of which were afterwards used by me as types, were sub-

mitted by me and other Canadian entomologists to Mr. Bird, and in
every case were pronounced by him cerussata “without any doubt,” and
that this opinion was maintained by him till I proved their distinctness.
In view of these facts, his statement that ‘‘their resemblance to cerussata
is striking for a species whose larve differ so obviously, and it is likely
that flown examples of the one could easily be mistaken for the other,” is,
to say the least, refreshing in midsummer weather.

Mr. Bird’s contention that if var. perobsoleta and frigida are identical
there is no need of the name ¢ha/ictrz for the white-marked form, I con-
sider absurd. The cases he brings forward of the differences between
specimens of spectosisstma, Harrtsii, inqguesita and purpurifascia are in
no sense parallel, as those differences are so slight as not to deceive any-
one, and intergrades also exist, while no one who did not know that
thalictri and perobsoleta belonged to the same species would have had
any hesitation in describing them as distinct, and as far as known no
intergrades exist, the case being exactly parallel to that of mzte/a and
nebris, as Mr. Bird has admitted in correspondence. As long, therefore,
as the names zzfe/a and nedris both stand, so long will ¢hadictr¢ stand for
the form to which I applied it. Dr. Fletcher having submitted to Sir
George Hampson two specimens from Manitoba which he thought might
be the true frigida, Sir George, on comparing them with a coloured
drawing of the type of /rig?da, pronounced them the same, and quite
distinct from ¢ha/ictri. Being extremely interested in the matter, I made
a trip to Washington, primarily to settle this question, taking with me
types of ¢halictri and var. perobso/eta and the best one of Dr. Fletcher’s
specimens. On the first glance I thought Sir George’s determination

254 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

correct, as in colour and general appearance they agreed, but on a close
study I was forced to agree with Dr. Dyar that they were distinct, as the
course of the t. p. line in Dr. Fletcher’s specimen was different.

As to the type of f/rigéda, I could not say that it was identical with
my ferobsoleta on account of its very poor and worn condition, nor, from
the same cause, could I pronounce it distinct. The course of the t. p.
line seems identical, and I admit that they may probably be the same,
but at the same time Mr. Bird has demonstrated that there are a number
of cases in this group where distinct species could not be separated if in —
as poor condition as is the type of /rzgida, and I think it a pity that a
species should be founded on a single specimen in such poor condition.

On my return home I reported the results of my examination to Dr.
Fletcher, and suggested his describing his specimen as a new species, but
he declined to do so, but added that I was welcome to do it, and to keep
the type, and I, therefore, describe it as follows :

Gortyna Aweme, N. Sp.

Alar expanse, 33 mm. Primaries, what Guenée called “gris-incarnat”
(grayish flesh-colour), very similar in tone to those of zmmanis. Base of
wing light brown, beyond which between the basal and t. a. lines there isa
darker transverse shade, most distinct on the costa, and not reaching the
inner margin. Thet. a. line runs first almost at right angles to the costa,
then curves inward and then outward, not quite reaching the inner margin.
The t. p. line is strongly curved outwardly around the reniform, and then
sweeps down to the inner margin, meeting it about at right angles. ‘The
orbicular is very small, even minute, and consists of a dark brown ring
with light centre, the claviform is obsolete, the reniform is shaped like the
figure 8, but is solid dark brown.

The median shade is bent almost ata right angle, the apex of the
angle touching the lower lobe of the reniform, whence a dark shade strikes
inwardly almost to the orbicular and a little below it. The dark colour
of the t. p. line runs out a little on the nervures, and the space between
the t. p. and s. t. lines has a slight tinge of mauve, which runs up to the
apex. The s, t. line is not very distinct, and the space beyond it and
below the apex is dark brown, which shade fades. out towards the hind
angle. Secondaries decidedly lighter than in zmmanis, so that there is
more contrast with the primaries than in that species, and there is a faint
and incomplete waved line partially crossing the centre of the wing.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255

Below, the wings are light in colour, slightly darker on the costa of
both primaries and secondaries, and the former have a dark shade on
outer margin and an indistinct transverse bar representing the reniform
above. Secondaries without any markings. Type, 1 2 taken by Mr.
Norman Criddle at Aweme, Man., in my collection.

At Washington I also made the following notes on the types of
species recently described by Dr. Dyar :

Gortyna nepheleptena agrees with a form taken at Ottawa by Dr.
Fletcher and pronounced marginidens by Sir George Hampson, and
‘‘near” that species by Dr, J. B. Smith.

Gortyna nephasyntheta appeared to me to be probably a worn
marginidens, with reniform a trifle more solidly white than usual.

Gortyna anargyrea comes very near to Preriszz, but the stigmata are
yellow-brown intead of white.

Gortyna triorthia is pterisiz, Bird, as admitted by Dr. Dyar.

Gortyna ochroptena is much like a washed-out serrata, but the
white markings are smaller.

I also saw a co-type of d@uplicatus, Bird, described in the last January
number of this journal, but the author cannot be congratulated on this
name, as the feminine form dup/icata would have been more appropriate.

Correction.—If allowable, I should like to make the following cor-
rection in my paper on ‘‘ New Histories and species in Papaipema (Hy-
droecia)” in the January number: page 25, line 27 and page 28 line 35,
for duplicatus read duplicata.—HENRY Birb, Rye, N. Y.

IGNOTUS AANIGMATICUS.

CoRRECTION.—By some oversight, the name of Mr. FREDERICK
BLANCHARD was omitted on page 214 (July number). It should have
been inserted after the title ‘‘ The Characters of Ignotus,” as this portion
of the paper, as far as the middle of page 219, was contributed by him, at
the request of Mrs. Slosson, the writer of the article, ‘‘ A Bit of Contem-
porary History,” and of the description of the species enigmaticus. Mrs.
Slosson has written to the Editor, expressing her great regret that she did
not observe this omission when reading the proof of the article. She is
anxious that the fullest credit should be given to Mr. Blanchard, who so
kindly prepared the careful diagnosis of the characters of this remarkable
insect.

256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE QUEBEC SOCIETY: FOR); THE! PROTECTION GH
PLANTS.

At a meeting held at Macdonald College on June 24th, a new Society
called the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and
Fungous Pests, was organized. The following officers were elected :

President—Prof. W. Lochhead, Macdonald College.

Vice-President— Frere Liguori, La Trappe, Oka.

Sec. Treas.— Douglas Weir, Macdonald College.

Directors—Rev. Dr. Fyles, Levis, P.Q.; Rev. G. Ducharme, Rigaud,
P: Q.; Auguste Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies; A. F. Winn, Montreal ;
Dr. W. Grignon, Ste. Adele.

Curator-Librarian—J. M. Swaine, Macdonald College.

A substantial grant has been given the Society by the Department of
Agriculture of Quebec.

Among those present at the meeting were: Rey. Dr. Campbell,
Montreal; Rev. Dr. Fyles, Levis ; Rev."G. Ducharme, Rigaud; mae
W. Robertson, Ste. Anne de Bellevue ; Frere Liguori, La Trappe, Oka;
Norman Jack, Chateauguay Basin ; Peter Reid, Chateauguay Basin; Dr.
W. Grignon, Ste. Adele ; Prof. W. Lochhead, Macdonald College ; J. M.
Swaine, Macdonald College ; Prof. F. C. Harrison, Macdonald College ;
Dr. J. L. Todd, Macdonald College ; Douglas Weir, Macdonald College ;
Prof. S. Blair, Macdonald College.

Letters were received from Abbe Huard, Quebec; Dr. Fletcher,
Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal; Mr. Chagnon, Montreal; Auguste
Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies; Mr. Delaire, St. Hyacinthe; A. L.
Tourchot, St. Hyacinthe, expressing their approval of the formation of the
Society, and their regrets that they could not attend, through pressure of
other duties.

The success of the new Society is practically assured on account of
the interest manifested by both French and English workers. It is truly
provincial in its aims, work and membership. There will be two meetings
each year, a general winter meeting at Macdonald College for the transac-
tion of necessary business, the reading of reports and papers, and a general
review of the year’s work ; and a summer field meeting at some outside
point in the Province of Quebec. As the Society exists for the benefit of
the Province, it is urged that all outbreaks of insect and fungus pests be
reported to the Secretary of the Society, Macdonald College, so that
possible help may be given promptly.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257

REMARKS ON SOME NEW PSELAPHID-.
BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The systematic descriptive compilation of all the known genera of
Pselaphide, with catalogue of species, by Mr. Achille Raffray, recently
published as one of the series of the “Genera Insectorum,” by Wytsman, is
an epoch-making work, and one that should be very highly valued. The
same exquisite drawings of these marvellous little animals that we have
become accustomed to associate with the various papers of the author,
and which could only emanate from an unusually skillful artist thoroughly
in love with his subject, are even more numerous and more carefully
elaborated than in any other of his publications. The many figures
representing anatomical details must have cost the author much time and
patience, and of them no element of praise, from any point of view, could
be superfluous. It is only to be regretted that the proof-reading of the
publishers is not all that could be desired, and the text therefore
bristles with typographical errors and inconsistencies which must surely
try the good temper of the author, who informs me inferentially that this
will be the concluding monument to his memory ; but that he may be
mistaken in this, and that he may live to give us many more important
papers, is the earnest wish of his numerous friends.

Of the 31 Pselaphid genera proposed by the present writer, 21 are
adopted and to rejected; one of these rejected genera is, however,
admitted to be valid, though under another name. I am sure that my
long-time friend, David Sharp, would be one of the first to repudiate the
inadvertent violation of the laws of priority on page 53, where Zhestum,
Csy., is made asynonym of Afothinus, Sharp, although the former was
published in 1884, and the latter did not see the light until 1887. There
are therefore 22 genera considered valid to 9 held to be synonyms. Of
these nine rejectamenta three, 7. ¢., Rafonus, Pycnoplectus and Zolium,
are plainly distinct genera, as may be realized very readily in the case of
Rafonus by comparing the figure of a typical species of Sonoma, published
in Bull. Cal. Acad., 1887, and that given for the type of Rafonus (Faronus
tolule, Lec.), on plate I of Mr. Raffray’s work. In Pycnoplectus the head
is wholly different from that of Huplectus, where there are two approxi-
mate fovez continued longitudinally forward in feeble grooves, which
sometimes unite with a conspicuous transverse rectilinear impression

behind the frontal margin, and between the supra-antennal fovee marking
August, 1908

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

the extreme sides of the front ; in Pycnoplectus there are two much larger,
widely-separated fovez, connected by a large and deep narrowly-parabolic
sulcus, giving a habitus not remotely resembling that of Aup/ectus. Zolium
has a deep sulcus on the flanks of the elytra, proceeding from a

subhumeral pit not even suggested in JZe/ba, and the modifications of the
head are also different. I have no doubt at all that these three genera
are valid, thus leaving six genera which alone are probably synonyms or
subgenera; these are: Paliscus, icotheus (not Wicotheus as printed in the
work under discussion), (Visa, Pytna, Actiastes and Dalmosella, although
each of the last four refers to a specially-modified group, JVésa_ being
peculiar in the terminal joints of the male antenne, /Pytvza in having
carinze on the under surface of the femora instead of the spines of typical
Tyrus, Dalmosetia in its very much more slender and parallel form than
in any of the species of J/e/ba, where the hind body is constantly
inflated, and Actiastes, differing from Actzwm in the markedly different
position of the cephalic fovee. These four probably represent subgenera
therefore.

Ogmocerus, Raffr. |
This genus includes some of the largest known Pselaphids and is
confined to the continent of Africa, where individuals of all the four or
five species hitherto described are exceedingly rare, being represented by
uniques at present.

Ogmocerus Raffrayt, 0. sp.—Form stout, moderately convex, piceous-
black, subopaque, the elytra and abdomen feebly shining and very finely,
rather closely punctulate ; head and prothorax coarsely, very densely,
punctato-scabrous, the former longer than wide, oval, moderately narrowed
to the broad neck, where there is a tuft of dense sete at each side ; fovez
large but obscure; eyes small, before the middle; front narrowed,
parallel, flat, inclined upward, the median depression at apex moderate ;
antenne nearly as long as the entire body, the cylindric basal joint feebly
sigmoid, as long as the head and prothorax combined, two to eleven
together gradually and moderately enlarged, with straight sides, becoming
decidedly stout at the antennal apex, second joint as long as wide, third
shorter than wide, fourth a third, fifth and sixth one-half, longer than wide,
seventh a little less, eighth about as long as wide, its apex angulate, ninth
and tenth a third wider than long, the eleventh oval and as long as the
two preceding, all the joints herissate with moderate setae; prothorax wider

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259

than the head, a fifth wider than long, obtrapezoidal, with a deep impres-

sion at each side behind the middle; elytra much wider, slightly transverse,
with humeri longitudinally tumid dorsally, the fine discal stria extending to
apical sixth ; abdomen as wide as the elytra and distinctly longer, rather
strongly convex toward the median line, broadly margined ; legs long and

thick, especially the femora. Length, 3.75 mm.; width, 1.3 mm. Liberia
(Mt. Coffee).

A description of this species was sent to Mr. Raffray more than a
year ago, and in reply I was informed that it pertained to a species
different from any yet described ; so it gives me pleasure to dedicate it to
that accomplished specialist.

Brachygluta, Thoms.
The following species belongs to the group containing arizone,
texana and doripes, distinguished by the greatly-developed basal tergite of
the males, this being the only segment visible from a dorsal viewpoint.

Brachygluta jacobina, n. sp.—Convex, the hind body much inflated,
the anterior parts relatively slender, convex, bright testaceous, shining,
having distinct subdecumbent yellowish pubescence ; head a little wider
than long, the three pubescent foveze distinct, the eyes large, convex and
subbasal; antenne half as long as the body, rather slender, the club
gradually enlarged, the last joint as long as the preceding three, oval ;
prothorax slightly transverse, equal in width to the head, strongly con-
stricted behind the middle, the three pubescent fovez strong and normal ;
elytra distinctly shorter than wide, still more transverse in the female,
expanded posteriorly, the humeri rounded, the fine discal stria extending
toward tip ; abdomen of the male with the first dorsal transverse, much
shorter than the elytra, with its apex broadly sinuate and deflexed, the
median part of the apex thinner and punctureless, the second dorsal
short, obliquely bi-impressed at the middle, its apex also very broadly but
extremely feebly sinuate, with the edge thinned ; hind tibie feebly bent
distally. Length, 1.35 mm.; width, 0.65-0.7 mm. California (San
Diego).

The female is a little smaller, notably more slender and with more
abbreviated elytra than the male, having the abdominal segments normal,
several behind the first being visible from above. This species differs
from /oripes in its less obese form and shorter first tergite, with less
‘ prominent and more broadly sinuate apex in the male.

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Latrisodes, Reitt.

A very large genus possessing two types in America, one with the
head and antennez of the males curiously modified and in very diversified
manner, this type occurring in the Atlantic regions, and the other having
little or no sexual modification of the head and antennz, but with a
very large cavity near the apex of the male abdomen, this occurring only
in the true Pacific coast fauna. The polarity theory of sexual characters,
enunciated, I believe, by LeConte, is well illustrated by these two classes of
males. The following species deserve notice at the present time:

Species of the Pacific regions.

Apart from monticola, distinguished by its deep black colour,
occiduus, distinct in its short and rapidly-widening elytra, and cicatricosus,
denticauda and pygidialis, characterized by peculiarities of sculpture and
by the structure of the pygidium, there are at hand six closely-allied
smooth polished species, which may be distinguished among themselves
as follows :

First dorsal segment with the two median basal elevations prolonged for
some distance posteriorly in slender carinz. Species of the interior

and more elevated regions: <2. t eee Phere oe 2

First dorsal with the two basal elevations not or scarcely at all prolonged
posteriorly. Species of the coast repions.... 2.5... 0. -oee eee

2. Abdominal carinz separated by a distance which is distinctly less than
that separating either from the inner line of the lateral margin.
Nevada (Reno): 5, 0 2pes wen ee «fe le: ds gs ene re

Abdominal carinz more widely separated, the distance between them
about equal to that separating either from the inner line of the lateral
margin ; body a little stouter, the antennze rather more slender....3

3. Anterior transverse margin of the abdominal excavation of the male
feebly and narrowly arcuate and produced at the middle. Shining,
subimpunctate, sparsely but rather coarsely pubescent, testaceous,
though much darker than zephyrinus, the head and antennz nearly
similar and of the usual type in this group; prothorax somewhat
longer than wide and a little narrower than the head, the median
sulcus distinct to anterior two-fifths ; elytra nearly as long as wide,
broadly arcuate laterally, arcuately converging at the sides basally,
the humeri moderately .tumid longitudinally ; three basal fovez on
each distinct, equal and perforate, the two inner very approximate, a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 261

few rather coarse but feeble punctures basally ; abdomen as wide as
the elytra, but not quite so long, slightly narrowed basally to the
elytral apex. Length, 2.25 mm.; width, 0.8 mm. California (Lake
Tahoe), also northward to Washington State....... lustrans, i. Sp.
Anterior transverse margin almost straight, the excavation slightly
larger than in Zustrans and more transverse. Body throughout
nearly similar, except that there is no evident median pronotal sulcus
before the fovea, the elytra not so inflated, and with less arcuate
sides, the sides evenly converging to the base, without trace of
humeri-from a vertical viewpoint, the surface very minutely, sparsely
punctulate throughout, the two inner of the basal foveze separated by
their own diameter ; abdomen similar in form, as long and wide as
the elytra ; colour very dark testaceous, the surface highly polished
throughout. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, 0.76 mm. California
CRilare 6 02) oes a tee: so Soe pa ee eek LP CONES Ns Sie

4. Abdominal excavation of the male somewhat oval, about as wide as
long, its anterior transverse margin straight; body larger and stouter;
ninth antennal joint about as long as wide. British Columbia
(Vancouver to Metlakatla) ....................Albionicus, Aubé

Abdominal excavation rounded, its anterior margin slightly arcuate
medially but scarcely observably so; body much smaller and more
slender, the ninth antennal joint evidently transverse. California
(San; Francisco: to Sia. Cruzyiniis oss Ree ie so. vo SAE

Abdominal excavation much larger, decidedly transverse, its anterior
margin conspicuously arcuate and broadly projecting ; body other-
wise nearly as in specu/um, except that it is not quite so slender, and
rather more coarsely pubescent. California (Soda Springs, Anderson
Malley, Mendormo.Co:) 723 2.-8s 3) oS ocala Sl... Mendocino, Csy.

Occtduus, Csy., belongs very near speculum and Mendocino, but is
readily distinguishable by its shorter and more rapidly expanded elytra,
much longer abdomen and shallower abdominal excavation of the male
than in any of the above species ; it occurs in Humboldt Co., California.
Pygidialis, Csy., and cicatricosus, Bndl., are evidently very closely allied,
having the same very coarse scar-like elytral punctures and denticulate
humeri ; actual comparison of the types will be necessary to decide this
perhaps, if the language of the description of the latter should prove to be
misleading.

262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Species of the Atlantic regions.

The following species are described in every instance from the male
alone :

Batrisodes declivis, n. sp.—Form, coloration and sculpture nearly as
in fossicauda, the abdomen having the same gradually pointed form; head
similarly gradually and evenly declivous from the interfoveal convexity to
the clypeal apex, without break in continuity, and coarsely, densely
punctato-scabrous, the small and fine ambient sulcus similarly feebly
indicated, the antennal prominences feeble ; clypeal margin evenly and
broadly arcuato-truncate throughout the width ; antenne similar, except
that the penultimate joint is subglobular and less transverse, and having
on its under surface a large deep circular pit in basal two-thirds, the
eleventh joint slightly narrower than the tenth, elongate, gradually
pointed ; prothorax obtrapezoidal, slightly elongate, decidedly narrower
than the head ; elytra similar, having finely denticulate humeri ; abdomen
distinctly narrower than the elytra but equally long; pygidium similarly
excavated across its lower portion but more obtuse from a dorsal view-
point; abdomen with a small and feeble apical indentation, which is
shallower posteriorly. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, 0.78 mm. Iowa (Iowa
City), H. F. Wickham.

Resembles /ossicauda, Csy., but differs in antennal structure and in
in its much wider head, with larger and more prominent eyes ; the head
in fossicauda is not wider than the prothorax.

Mr. Raffray places fossicauda, on page 159, as a doubtful synonym
of bistriatus, Lec. It is rather difficult to understand the necessity for
this surmise, in the absence of accurate data, but to set the matter right, I
may say that there are numerous important points of difference between
these two species ; the front, for example, is more declivous anteriorly than
superiorly, and not evenly declivous from the occiput to the clypeal
margin, as it is in fosstcauda and declivis, and the peculiar transverse
pygidial excavation of those two species does not exist.

Batrisodes appalachianus, n. sp.—Form as in punctifrons, darker in
colour, nearly black, the prothorax rather more inflated at the sides and
fully as wide as the head, if not somewhat wider, the latter similar except
that the flat declivous front is less uniformly punctate, more sparsely so
medially than laterally, and bearing, not short and very coarse bristles as

in punctifrons, but fine, short and inconspicuous hairs, the apex narrower

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263

and rectilinearly truncate, not broadly arcuato-truncate as in that species, the
clypeus with its pubescent median tubercle and the antennz nearly similar,
the latter still more elongate, with the large terminal conoida] joint.
similarly simple and not excavated beneath ; elytra a little more elongate,
as long as the abdomen, the humeral elevation not denticulate ; pygidium
and abdomen similar. Length, 1.95 mm.; width, 0.7 mm. Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.).

Very close to punctifrons, but the character of the frontal sculpture,
and particularly the pubescence of the frontal slope, is markedly different.
Another species of this group is represented in my collection by a single
female taken at Cincinnati by Mr. Dury.

Batrisodes tridens, n. sp.—Dark castaneous, the elytra brighter
testaceous, subimpunctate, the pubescence long, coarse and distinct; head
large, subquadrate, wider than long, carinate at each side above, the eyes
rather small, not very prominent, the large nude fovez and ambient sulcus
as usual; frontal margin transversely bilobed, the intermediate broad
sinus having, at the lower margin of the sinuosity, a short lamina as in
striatus, except that here it is tridentate, the clypeus separated from the
upper front by the same transverse excavation, and having at each side a
large and sharply-angulate wing, the lower conical part of the clypeus
rounded at apex, having on its upper part between the ale a tubercle
which is biseriately setulose, and, in addition, with a very large porrect
and transversely projecting yellow seta at each side ; antenne moderate,
the basal joint large, strongly rounded beneath, compressed and bearing on
its anterior face a large oval concavity, which is minutely granulato-punc-
tate, second to eighth cylindric, second longer than wide, intermediate
joints as long as wide, ninth larger, transverse, tenth large, subglobose,
wider than long, scarcely modified on its under surface, though apparently
with a small rounded subbasal areola, eleventh conoidal, not quite as wide
as the tenth, acutely pointed, unmodified ; prothorax of the usual form,
not quite as wide as the head, tristriate and with two short discal carine ;
elytra with oblique and prominent denticulate humeri; abdomen
unmodified at apex. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, o.78 mm. Missouri (St.
Louis).

This fine species evidently belongs in the vicinity of strzatus, Lec.,
but differs in its paler coloration, tridentate median frontal lamina and
concave basal joint of the antennz among other characters,

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—_——.

Cavicornis is taken in some abundance by Mr. Dury near Cincinnati,
and globosus is also common there; the latter is apparently the most
abundant and one of the most widely-diffused species of the genus.
Frontalis, Lec., is the largest and finest species known to me, and is also
widely diffused, though less common; all my examples are males, and
were taken in Pennsylvania, Missouri and Wisconsin.

Pycnoplectus, Csy.

The species of Hufplectus, as regarded by Raffray, were divided by
the writer (Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1893, p. 454) into three groups, then held
to be subgeneric. Subsequently (1. c., 1897, p. 552) cogent reasons were
given for regarding the first of these groups as of full generic value, and I
am even more convinced of the correctness of this course now than then.
It may be added that the third group, there composed of pertenuzs alone,
is also a distinct genus to be described subsequently.

Pycnoplectus Floride, nv. sp.—Moderately stout, bright testaceous
throughout, polished, impunctate, moderately and somewhat sparsely
pubescent ; head wider than long, the eyes well developed, convex, at
rather less than their own length from the base, the tempora moderately
converging and rounded ; two pubescent fovez separated by fully half the
total width, the ambient sulcus very coarse and deep, triangular in course,
with the apex narrowly truncate behind the thick and medially depressed
frontal margin ; antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, the
last three joints very gradually wider; occiput feebly and narrowly
impressed at the middle ; prothorax wider than long, as wide as the head,
the three subbasal and single discal fovez well developed ; elytra about
as long as the head and prothorax and much wider, rather longer
than wide, the basal impression obsolete at basal fourth, the intermediate
basal fovea small but distinct ; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra,
and evidently longer, the first two dorsals impressed and bicarinate
medially at base. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 0.3 mm. _ Florida.

Resembles Wudsontcus somewhat, but much more completely impunc-
tate, and having more elongate antennz and relatively longer elytra.

Pycnoplectus longipennis, n. sp.—Form somewhat as in Sdoride,
slender, similarly impunctate, polished and moderately convex, dark
testaceous, finely, not conspicuously pubescent, the hairs decumbent; head
but little wider than long, nearly as in Floride; prothorax much less
transverse and decidedly narrower than the head, but little wider than

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265

long, the subbasal fovez distinct, the discal moderate and slightly elongate;
elytra a little longer than the head and prothorax and very much wider,
somewhat longer than wide, perceptibly wider at apex than at base, the
basal impression broad, becoming obsolete a little beyond basal third;
abdomen asin Floride. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 0.35 mm. Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.), P. Jerome Schmitt.

The male has the fourth ventral—not the fifth of Raffray—simple, the
fifth with a posteriorly arcuate flat elevation in basal half and median
seventh, the sixth broadly, feebly and simply impressed, and the seventh, or
rhomboidal ventral pygidium, large, convex and medially carinulate.

Pycnoplectus impressiceps, n. sp.—Body more linear and much
stouter, rather convex, the nind body less decidedly wider than the anterior
parts, the pubescence moderately long and conspicuous, similarly dark
testaceous, shining and subimpunctate ; head nearly similar, the eyes a
little larger, the ambient sulcus deeply impressed, especially anteriorly,
the sides of the upper surface feebly and coarsely undulato-rugose but not
punctate ; prothorax much wider than long and fully as wideas the head,
the discal fovea very deep, somewhat oval ; elytra somewhat shorter than
the head and prothorax, and a little shorter than wide, convex, the discal
basal impression obsolete at about the middle of the length ; abdomen
much narrower than the elytra and equally long, the carine of the two
basal tergites distinct. Length, 1.38 mm.; width, 0.45 mm. Pennsyl-
vania (Westmoreland Co.), P. Jerome Schmitt.

The male in this unusually short, stout and convex species has two
transverse carinz on the median transverse line near the middle of the
fourth ventral, the fifth with a median pyramidal tumor, the sixth broadly
impressed medially, with two smaller rounded tubercles separated by about
a fifth of the width of the segment, the large convex carinulate ventral
pygidium as usual.

Euplectus, Leach.

The species of this genus are very distinct from, the preceding in
their flattened form and smailer approximate cephalic fovere among other
characters.

Euplectus Acomanus, i. sp.— Linear, depressed, dark blackish-piceous,
the elytra more rufous ; pubescence very short, not conspicuous though
distinct, subdecumbent, the hairs directed obliquely inward posteriorly on
the elytra ; head large, transverse, basally truncate, the sides parallel, the

266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

eyes moderately small, but slightly prominent; fovese separated by less
than the distance of either from the eye ; surface coarsely, densely punc-
tate everywhere except in the moderate frontal depression, bounded by the
short parallel sulci; antenne: one-half longer than the head; prothorax
much narrower than the head, slightly wider than long, shining, minutely,
sparsely punctate, the discal fovea large and elongate ; elytra parallel, as
long as the head’and prothorax, and slightly wider than the former,
decidedly longer than wide, the discal stria evident, extending slightly
behind the middle ; abdominal segments equal, not quite as wide as the
elytra, the basal medial impressions subobsolete. Length, 1.3-1.4 mm.;
width, 0.35 mm. New Mexico (Cloudcroft), Warren Knaus,

The male has a large, deep, rounded impression involving the median
part of the sixth and anterior part of the seventh or large convex ventral
pygidium, the latter with a double impressed longitudinal line,

Euplectus Duryt, n. sp.—Slender, less linear and depressed, shining,
subimpunctate, piceo-testaceous, the pubescence moderate ; head wider
than long, moderately large, the eyes small, the tempora converging
slightly to the truncate base ; foveze small, separated equally from each
other and either eye ; surface wholly impunctate along the middle from
base to apex, the lateral parts coarsely but not very closely punctate ;
antennz rather short; prothorax wider than long, evidently narrower than
the head, prominently rounded laterally near the apex, the sides strongly
converging and nearly straight thence to the base, the discal fovea rather
small, only moderately elongate ; elytra somewhat shorter than the head
and prothorax, evidently though not greatly wider than the former, slightly
elongate, the discal stria evanescent slightly before the middle ; abdomen
as long as the elytra and very nearly as wide, the two basal segments each
with two rather long diverging basal carifize medially. Length, 1.3 mm.;
width, 0.28 mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), Charles Dury.

The male has,a small median fovea at the apex of the sixth ventral,
the large convex ventral pygidium eccentrically divided by a fine
longitudinal carinule.

Leptoplectus, n. gen.

The minute and extremely slender linear species of this genus have
the head large and well developed, with two rather approximate fovee,
more anterior in position than the large pubescent and very widely

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267

separated foveze of Pycnoplectus, and resembling Lufp/ectus in this feature
as well as in the linear subdepressed form and general facies, but the eyes
are far down on the sides of the head and the antennz much more like
those of Zrimium, having the last joint relatively large, as in Actium, the
ninth and tenth short, though not shorter than the preceding joints, and
less transverse and lenticular than in the Z7yimium series. The four
species in my cabinet are assignable to two groups, as follows :

Cephalic foveze united by a broad, deep and continuous ambient sulcus,
the #rontal marain thick-abdseonvex® oss: ga eee. See

Cephalic fovee large, though in the same position, elongate-oval,
disconnected from the transverse frontal sulcus, the frontal margin
qonie and lAMINAle lic #5) c-cyeals oS ao eae 3 he Ga ee ee

2. Body extremely slender, filiform, pale flavo-testaceous in colour, some-
what shining, the pubescence rather abundant and distinct but
decumbent ; head subparallel, but little wider than long, punctured
laterally ; prothorax as long as wide, narrower than the head, of the
usual form in Luplectus, the surface finely, loosely punctate, more
strongly basally ; transverse sulcus subobsolete ; elytra parallel, but
little wider than the head, much longer than wide, the juxta-
humeral impression obsolete at basal fourth ; abdomen parallel,
almost as wide and fully as long as the elytra. Length, 0.85 mm.;
width, o.2 mm. (@). District of Columbia and Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.). yee aos te Ss hes . pertenuts, Csy.

Body slender, linear ak a ieticcred but Souder and perceptibly
larger than in pertenuts, pale testaceous, rather inconspicuously
pubescent ; head but slightly wider than long, parallel and straight
at the sides, broadly sinuate at base, the eyes at more than their own
length from the rounded basal angles ; surface moderately convex,
polished, the two small deep perforate and nude foveze mutually
separated by a little less than either from the eye, the ambient sulcus
shallower that in pertenuis ; surface sparsely but coarsely, not very
deeply punctate laterally ; tenth antennal joint fully three times as
wide as long, the eleventh rather longer than the four preceding
combined ; prothorax about as long as wide, narrower than the head,
more broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly than in pertenuts:
polished, sparsely, subasperately punctate, the fovee large as usual,
the transverse sulcus barely traceable; elytra slightly shorter than the
head and prothorax, but little wider than the former, slightly though

268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

=

very obviously longer than wide, parallel, the impression extending
through basal third; abdomen as in pertenuis. AZale with two small
rounded and projecting median lobes and three sinuses at the apex
of the fourth ventral, the fifth with a small tubercle opposite each of
the lateral sinuses, and a small setigerous tubercle opposite the
median and rather deepest sinus; sixth segment broadly and strongly
concave almost throughout its width, the seventh convex and longi-
tudinally carinulate; median trochanters with a small posterior tooth.
Length, 1.omm.; width, 0.25 mm.(g, @). Pennsylvania (Westmore-
land Co.), Schmitt, and Ohio (Cincinnati), Dury... f//formis, n. sp.

3. Form rather stouter and Jess parallel than in the preceding species,
shining, dark testaceous, the elytra infuscate ; pubescence rather
inconspicuous ; head but little wider than long, the sides feebly
converging basally, the eyes at much more than their own length
from the base, the latter broadly sinuate ; occiput with a fine axial
impression as usual ; surface finely, sparsely and equally punctate
throughout ; fovez large, elongate, deep, mutually separated
rather more than either from the eye, their posterior part pubescent ;
transverse frontal pit deep, polished and impunctate ; antennze as in
filiformis ; prothorax as long as wide, narrower than the head,
minutely, equally punctate like the latter, the foveze nearly similar ;
transverse sulcus similarly obsolete ; converging sides each with a
very small tooth at the fovea, not distinctly observable in f/:formzis,
though slightly evident in pertenuts ; elytra obviously shorter than
the head and prothorax, distinctly wider than the former, parallel,
with feebly arcuate sides, evidently longer than wide, the deep
impression obsolete at basal third ; abdomen parallel, much narrower
than the elytra and not quite so long, the segments equal as usual,
the two basal feebly impressed medially at base. JAZa/e with much
feebler sexual characters, the fourth ventral unmodified, the fifth very
short medially and scarcely half as long as the fourth, not modified
except perhaps a very small feeble median tubercle ; sixth as long
as the fourth, broadly, subangulaily emarginate throughout the
width, its surface flattened medially ; seventh not convex, but flat cr
feebly, unevenly impressed transversely, longitudinally carinulate,
broadly angular anteriorly, broadly rounded throughout the width at
apex. Length, o.9 mm.; width, 0.25 mm. (4). Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.), Sehimitt.’. =). (22.81). 0.212.) aera

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269

Form more slender, very much smaller in size, linear, testaceous
throughout ; head scarcely wider than long, formed nearly as in
insolens, finely, sparsely perferato-punctate but more remotely so
medially ; fovez large, separated distinctly more than either from the
eye, the frontal sulcus and its laminate anterior wall similar ;
prothorax nearly similar in form and finely, sparsely, uniformly
perferato-punctate, with the lateral teeth small but distinct, very
much smaller than the head, the fovez all smaller and more feeble
than in any other species ; elytra shining and very minutely, sparsely
punctulate as usual, subelongate, distinctly wider than the head,
parallel, with feebly arcuate sides, the impression obsolete at basal
third ; abdomen nearly as in zzsolens. Made apparently with simple
characters, the seventh ventral as in zzsoZens but more narrowly and
parabolically rounded behind ; last dorsal rather tumid or strongly,
longitudinally convex along a transverse subapical line. Length,
0.8 mm.; width, 0.2 mm. (¢). Ohio (Cincinnati), Dury..........

extlissimus, N. Sp.

My only example of ext/issimus is in a very fragmentary condition,
so that it is difficult to even measure it, and the male sexual characters are
for the most part concealed by the mounting; it is one of the frailest
and most minute of the entire Pselaphide. In glancing over the
Pselaphide of my collection, it may be casually observed that the smallest
and most slender species are Zhesiastes atratus, Libloplectus ruficeps and
Dalmosella tenuis, which are certainly to be numbered among the more
wonderful of the inhabitants of this planet.

Actium, Csy.

The following species of this genus may be advantageously described
at the present opportunity :

Actium bicolor, n. sp.—Stout, convex, polished, subimpunctate, the
pubescence fine and inconspicuous, testaceous, the elytra brighter though
clouded at base and apex, the head and abdomen black; head of the usual
form, the two pubescent fovez separated by nearly half the entire width,
the ambient sulcus very feeble ; antennz moderate, joints seven to ten
gradually wider, the latter nearly four times as wide as long, the eleventh
as long as the preceding five, elongate-ovoidal ; prothorax slightly wider
than long and distinctly wider than the head, impunctate, broadly rounded
at the sides anteriorly, moderately narrowed toward base, with the usual

270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

two basal foveze connected by the posteriorly cuspid transverse sulcus ;
elytra scarcely as long as wide, almost twice as wide as the prothorax, the
sides rounded, the humeri distinct, the sulcus obsolete at or a little before
the middle ; surface punctured apically, the basal foveze three in number;
abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra and not quite as long, very
deciivous posteriorly as usual, the basal segment with two slender parallel
carinee separated by almost half the total width and extending somewhat
beyond the middle of the segment, the second segment with two similar
though slightly smaller carine. JZa/e with the fourth segment extremely
short at the middle, the fifth short even at the sides, disappearing at the
middle, the sixth very large, punctulate, broadly flattened or feebly
concave toward the middle, the operculum of the seventh segment densely
punctulate, smail, transversely oval and eccentric. Length, 1.25 mm ;
width, 0.46 mm. New Mexico (Cloudcroft), Warren Knaus.

This species somewhat resembles politum of the Pacific coast fauna
but is smaller ; it may be recognized ai once by its peculiar coloration.

Actium retractum, . sp.—Smaller and much more slender and
depressed, polished, pale testaceous throughout, subimpunctate, the
pubescence inconspicuous ; head well developed for this genus, though
distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the widely-distant foveze united by a
feeble ambient sulcus ; antenne more slender though similar, the tenth
joint not quite so transverse, the eleventh more slender, conoidal, as long
as the five preceding ; prothorax relatively large, distinctly wider than
long, more strongly narrowed basally, the foveze and transverse sulcus as
usual; elytra evidently though not greatly shorter than wide, scarcely
one-half wider than the prothorax, the sides arcuate, the humeri evenly
rounding, the sulcus traceable to the middle, the basal fovee three in
number ; abdomen as long as the elytra and nearly as wide, less declivous
posteriorly than in the preceding, the first dorsal with two very short
carinules separated by less than a third the total width, the second without
visible carinules, AZaze with the first three ventral sutures straight from
side to side, the others strongly sinuate, the fifth segment short at the
middle, the sixth large and punctulate but scarcely more than flattened
medially ; the nearly flat operculum of the seventh is very large, sparsely
punctulate, slightly wider than long. Length, 1.2 mm.; width, 0.33 mm.
oso). Queen Charlottecislands,.4- Keen.

Allied to the candidum, marinicum, pacificum group of the genus,
much more parallel in form and smaller than the typical species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 271

Actium blandum, n. sp.—Form stout and convex, with the hind body
inflated as in fo/itum and other normal west coast forms, shining, subim-
punctate, moderately pubescent, very pale flavo-testaceous throughout ;
head small, with rather large prominent eyes, nearly as in dzcolor
throughout, except that the tenth antennal joint is much less transverse,
not quite three times as wide as long; prothorax as long as wide, much wider
than the head, prominently subangulate at the sides near the middle, the
sides subsinuately converging thence to the base, the lateral fovese nude,
each with a short stiff seta ; elytra nearly as long as wide, four-fifths wider
than the prothorax, the sides arcuate, the humeri obtusely angulate and
distinct, the sulcus traceable not quite to the middle, the basal foveze two
in number ; abdomen narrower and much shorter than the elytra, the first
dorsal with two parallel carinz in nearly basal half and separated by about
a fourth the entire width, the second dorsal without visible carine. JZaZe
with ventrals two to five gradually shorter along the median line, the
sutures becoming more sinuate, the sixth segment longer, lunate, scarcely
modified, the flat operculum of the seventh very large, subimpunctate,
elliptical and slightly elongate, central and not at all eccentric. Length,
1.25 mm.; width, 0.48 mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), Schmitt.

This species approaches the west coast forms in outline more closely
than any other eastern species that I have seen; it differs, nevertheless,
very greatly in male sexual characters from such types as d/color. Vhe
Trimium durum, of Brendel, is omitted altogether by Raffray ; it seems
to be an Actium, but is unknown to me.

Pseudactium, n. gen.

A special genus seems to be necessary for certain species resembling
Actium in general organization, but of more parallel form, much larger
head and distinctly different antennz, the latter having the club more
Euplectiform, as shown by Brendel in the case of a typical species (Tr.
Am. Ent. Soc., 1893, pl. IV, fig. 7). The acute side margins of the
prothorax, large pubescent discal fovez connected by a transverse
biarcuate groove and subhumeral pubescent fovea with attendant longi-
tudinal pleural sulcus, and equal abdominal segments, are as in Actium.
The three species known to me may be described as follows, the first being
the type:

Pseudactium Caroline, n. sp.—Form slender, moderately convex,
polished, subimpunctate, rather sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent,

Ai2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

dark testaceous; head wider than long, with two pubescent fovez
separated by half the entire width and connected by a simple
parabolic sulcus, the eyes rather small, the tempora converging slightly ;
antenne one-half longer than the head, rather slender, the three joints of
the club gradually wider, ninth and tenth between two and three times as
wide as long, symmetric, the eleventh obtusely ogival apically, as long as
the preceding three ; prothorax equal in width to the head, a little wider
than long, the sides strongly rounded anteriorly, converging and nearly
straight from somewhat before the middle to the base, the pubescent
foveze and connecting biarcuate sulcus deep ; elytra slightly shorter than
wide, moderately inflated distally, not quite one-half wider than the
prothorax, the sides rounded ; humeri narrowly exposed, distinct ; sulcus
obsolete somewhat behind the middle, the base with a very minute and
feeble intermediate fovea ; abdomen slightly narrower and a little longer
than the elytra, parallel, the first dorsal with a transverse nude

basal impression in median third but not carinate. Length, 1.15 mm.;
width, 0.28 mm. North Carolina, Schmitt.

‘A single female. The erect minutely capitate sete of the under
surface of the head are present anterioily and very fine, though long, their
terminal knobs subspherical.

Pseudactium mellinum, v. sp.--Form shorter and thicker, convex,
polished, similarly subimpunctate, pale flavo-testaceous throughout, the
pubescence inconspicuous ; head nearly similar, the eyes notably larger
and more convex, the last antennal joint relatively more elongate, about
as long as the preceding four combined ; prothorax equal in width to the
head, nearly as in Caroline; elytra very much larger, as long as wide
and as long as the head and prothorax, fully three-fifths wider, the median
basal fovea stronger, the sides rounded; discal stria extending well behind
the middle; abdomen narrower than the elytra and much shorter, the basal
impression of Caro/ine obsolete or very nearly. Zade with the first four
ventral sutures nearly straight and transverse, the fifth strongly sinuate, the
fifth segment long at the sides, very short medially ; sixth large, broadly
impressed medially, deeply sinuate behind for the rather large and
obliquely oval flat operculum, which occupies nearly all the seventh
segment and slightly longer than wide, minutely, sparsely punctulate and
shining. Length, 1.1 mm.; width,o.4 mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland
Co.), Schmitt.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yal es

Differs profoundly from the preceding species in its more obese form,
greater convexity and very much more developed elytra.

Pseudactium cephalicum, n. sp.-—Form narrower, more depressed and
parallel, shining, subimpunctate, dark testaceous, the pubescence much
longer and more conspicuous than in either of the preceding ; head nearly
as in the preceding, larger, wider than long, the eyes rather small, convex,
the tempora somewhat strongly converging ; antennz with the last joint
but little longer than the preceding three, rather acutely pointed; prothorax
evidently narrower than the head, wider than long, constituted as in the
preceding ; elytra more nearly as in Caro/ine, much shorter than wide,
barely one-half wider than the prothorax, rounded and basally narrowed
at the sides, the dorsal stria unusually developed, obsolete at apical third ;
abdomen slightly narrower and evidently longer than the elytra, the basal
impression of the first dorsal very feeble. Length, 1.35 mm.; width, o 38
mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), Schmitt.

This species is represented by the female alone and is more closely
allied to Caroline than to mel/inum, but differs from both in its much
longer pubescence and more elongate discal stria of the elytra. The
species described by Brendel under the name Z7imzoplectus ? parabolicus,
is evidently a member of this genus, but differs, among other features, in
its very abbreviated elytral stria or sulcus, which is said to extend only a
fifth from the base. The locality was not mentioned by the describer, but
the type was probably found in Iowa.

_ Oropus, Csy.

This is probably the largest genus of peculiarly Pacific coast Psela-
phide, and numerous species have come to light since my last revision.
They are rather closely allied among themselves, but may be assigned to
three easily-recognized divisions, as follows :

Basal segment of the dorsum but little longer than the second .........2
Basal segment much elongated, constituting nearly half the abdomen as
Wiewed HOUlaWOWer, secs sy eee cas Sk ce ee to + Ree: Bee

2. Larger, stouter and more convex species, the elytra about as long as
ce ae ee eee oe ea ..(Group I) 3
Smaller, more Bees ae more ieee species, the ete always
distinctly shorter than wide, with the rounded sides more diverging

SE LE CUDASEe th, erie oie ck Gd + + «+ ao ee PORE E)..G

3. Head large, about as wide as the iicrax ME oy |
Head smaller, always distinctly narrower than the prothorax eames: gis O

Pie: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

4. Antenne shorter and thicker, a little shorter than the head and _ pro-
thorax ; pronotal sulcus sometimes interrupted behind the middle.
California (Fisk’s Mill, Sonoma Co.) ............auterruptus, Csy.

Antenne more slender, fully as long as the head and prothorax or a
little longer ;) body.tess:stout io: 0.5.5. ctesigie os ie eee eee

5. Ninth and tenth antennal joints but slightly transverse, less than one-
half wider than long; lateral teeth of the prothorax very feeble, in the
form of feeble rounded swellings of the edge. JZa/e with the fourth
dorsal feebly, transversely impressed at base, the polished impression
with a fine feebly-chagrined line along the bottom in median third.
California (Sonoma;Co.) o.2%.2...% S2.0 2 + am Aasety 2 1meDicae amare

Ninth and tenth antennal joints much more transverse, one-half to
two-thirds wider than long ; lateral teeth of the prothorax prominent
and very acute; body a little smaller and narrower, though even
more convex, polished, dark testaceous, the pubescence rather
sparse, moderately distinct ; integuments very finely, sparsely punc-
tate, the elytra more coarsely and rugulosely so, though not densely;
impression at the base of the first dorsal deep and large, one-half the
discal width. JZa/e with the fourth dorsal wholly impunctate, more
broadly, feebly and indefinitely impressed transversely in nearly basal
half, the sparsely and feebly chagrined line broader and more
indefinite. Length, 1.6 mm.; width, 0.6 mm. California (Marin,
Alamedaandysta. Cruz Cosy. oo. ce oss. eae. ae festaceus, N. Sp.

6. Male witha large, broadly concave and more indefinitely bounded trans-
verse impression in about basal half of the fourth dorsal ......... 7

Male with a short, deeper and more abruptly defined transverse
impression “atthe base of: the fourth dorsal 2-7... 22 a. eee

7. Form stout, convex, dark castaneo-testaceous, polished, the pubescence
moderately long, reclined, distinct though not dense ; head thick, sub-
triangular, the eyes well developed, the ambient sulcus deep as usual,
the antennz notably stout apically, the penultimate joints distinctly
transverse ; prothorax not very greatly though evidently wider than
the head, not quite as long as wide, angularly rounded and prominent
at the sides before the middle, the lateral teeth small but evident ;
discal foveze and sulci as usual ; elytra convex, about as long as the
head and prothorax, three-fourths or more wider than the latter,
the sides rounded, the elongate humeral callus very pronounced ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275

third discal stria extending nearly to apical fourth; abdomen slightly
shorter than the elytra and not quite as wide, the first dorsal
impressed and puberulent at base ; ventral sexual characters of the
male simple, the sixth segment feebly tumid laterally. Length, 2.0

mm.; width, 0.8 mm. British Columbia (Metlakatla), J. H. Keen,
ane Vancouver Solaaee cen o AE esa bo a Fal cates Siete s op eee ASP

8. Larger species, some 2 mm. in length, the head unusually small, very
much narrower than the prothorax; basal impression of the abdomen
wider, about half the total width. Vancouver Island..stv/atus, Lec.

Smaller species, the head larger, though evidently narrower than the
prothorax; basal impression of the abdomen narrower, evidently
less than one-half the total width, and more strongly bilobed.
California (Humboldt to Sonoma) ..............abbreviatus, Csy.

g. Antennal club very stout, the two penultimate joints strongly trans-
MS acne MeN Pore mtn Te Sos Rae ae eck nie orp ESE. ay. See cee

Antennal club more slender, the penultimate joints very moderately
DET TSAUE) SS) Sh gceen iris d atten ben tie amey Seat BA EPL aCe ke tre Cakes Interna aaPreegee Re (al

to. Species of the Sierras, the head small, very much narrower than the
prothorax; second elytral stria broadly amalgamating with the sutural
stria near apical third. California (Placer Co.) .....montanus, Csy.

Species of the northern coast regions, larger in size, the second stria
free throughout ; head moderately small though very obviously
narrower than the prothorax, the eyes moderate, though a little more
prominent, evenly castaneo testaceous, polished, moderately convex,
the pubescence rather sparse and inconspicuous ; prothorax a little

» wider than long, of the usual form, finely, sparsely perforato-
punctate, the lateral teeth small and rather obtuse ; elytra more
strongly, though sparsely and more rugusely punctate; elytra
transverse, one-half longer and wider than the prothorax, the sides
strongly diverging and broadly arcuate from base to apex, the
elongate humeral callus strong ; abdomen with unusually arcuate
sides, as wide as the elytra and much longer, the basal impression
nearly one-half the total width. Length, 2.0 mm.; width, 0.72 mm.
British Columbia (Metlakatla), Keen.......... .brevipennis, 0. sp.

it. Last two joints of the antennal funicle shorter than the preceding,
though scarcely at all broader, strongly transverse, the club about as
long as the preceding six joints combined, with unusually little

bo
~I
for)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—_————

difference in size and form between its first two joints, both fully
twice as wide as long, the last joint gradually pointed, but little wider
than the tenth and as longas the four preceding combined ; body
dark testaceous, polished, the head nearly as wide as the prothorax,
the lateral teeth of the latter strong, broadly angulate ; elytra and
abdomen nearly as in dvevipennis. Length, 1.7 mm; width, 0.63
mm. -California‘ (Humboldt €Co.)s 025: . 2... . Cunt peniis, aaa

Last two joints of the antennal funicle not materially shorter or
more transverse than the preceding; antennal club relatively still
more slender but with the joints rather more rapidly increasing in
size, the ninth and tenth differing more markedly in size and not so
transverse ; body nearly similar, though darker in colour, the elytra
sometimes brighter and rufescent, the lustre shining; punctuation
rather more evident ; head a little smaller, more distinctly narrower
than the prothorax; hind body similar though very slightly less
inflated, the entire outline rather more slender than in curtipenuts.
Length, 1.7 mm.; width, o.6 mm. California (San Francisco and

Mian G'S!) 2225 in 5 GS 2 epee Wee haat aco as gh ie et EE Cee TO
r2...KHlytravevidently shorter than wide°s..: 2 awe. + we) eee eee
Elytra as long as wide ; form slender Bud Seu ie ee

13. Moderately stout, rather convex, shining, dark testaceous, the pubes-
cence rather long and distinct; head of the usual form and structure,
the antenne stout apically, the ninth and tenth joints twice as wide
as long, the last stout and rather longer than the preceding three ;
prothorax slightly wider than the head, of the usual form and sculp-
ture, the punctures strong and evident, though not dense ; lateral
teeth small but distinct and spiniform ; elytra with rounded sides,
which are more converging and rounded basaily, the humeral callus
moderate ; strie as usual; surface minutely, sparsely punctulate ;
abdomen not quite as long or wide as the elytra, the basal impression
wider than usual, more than half the total width. Jaze with the
fourth dorsal broadly concave, impunctate and glabrous, the surface
gradually curved posteriorly above and subacute, so that its
reverse side appears from above as a pronounced tooth behind the
broadly and feebly parabolic hind margin of the third segment, which
is herissate with longer dense hairs, the acute upper tip of the fourth
is also tufted with very short fine and dense hairs. Length, 1.7 mm.;
width, 0.63 mm. ‘California (Sta; Cruz Co.)..... 0... dasads; my isp.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ZL

Form less stout, smaller in size, moderately convex, shining, testaceous,
the pubescence rather more herissate and evident; head more
transverse, with slightly smaller foveze; antenne nearly similar, the
penultimate joints slightly more transverse ; prothorax somewhat
wider than the head, of the usual form and with the usual sulci and
foveze, but having the sculpture between the transverse groove and
base granulose and not rather coarsely and simply punctate as in

— basadis, the lateral teeth smaller and more angular ; elytra nearly as
in dasaéis, but with less evident humeri, the abdomen almost similar,
rather shorter than the elytra and virtually as wide. JAZa/e with
nearly similar sexual characters. In the original description the
posterior abdominal tooth was erroneously described as pertaining to
the tip of the third segment. California (Marin Co.)..cavicauda, Csy.

14. Form slender, moderately convex, testaceous, distinctly and coarsely
though sparsely pubescent; head and antenne nearly as in cavicauda,
the former with very small sparse granules, the antenne about as
long as the head and prothorax, the latter slightly wider than the
head, very nearly as long as wide, having the usual sulci and fove,
the surface finely, sparsely, subasperately punctulate, the area between
transverse groove and base finely and sparsely granose ; lateral teeth
extremely feeble and obtuse ; elytra as long as the head and pro-
thorax, the humeri distinct, the sides broadly arcuate, the strize as
usual ; abdomen evidently shorter than the elytra, though about as
wide, the basal segment long but very evidently less than half the
length from above. Length, 1.4 mm.; width, o.48 mm. California
Pisin Gc 01) rr. 2eis : Heat ase Alas eae sly. ~..Qeeeey DES

The last species is founded upon a specimen formerly placed with
cavicauda (Ann. N. Y. Acad., VII, 1893, p. 448); it is assumed to bea
female, but differs from the female of dasa/is, which has the fourth dorsal
feebly convex and similar to the others, in having that ségment broadly
flattened or feebly concave. It is evidently a distinct species.

The third group, comprising the last three species of the table, has
very much more accentuated male sexual characters than the others, and
the more elongate first dorsal gives its species a peculiar appearance; they
are the smallest of the genus, but otherwise there is no difference of a
generic nature ; the relative size of the basal segment therefore appears to
be of very much less significance here than among the allies of Zrzmium.

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Individuals of the two sexes are very unequally represented in the
various groups, for, in the first group, out of seventeen examples before
me there seems to be only one male, and in the second, having
abbreviated elytra, out of twelve examples there is but one female ; in the
third group, among five examples, three are males and two females.
There is little or no sexual difference in structure, size or general
appearance.

Resins, ec:

This genus, composed of smaller and more slender species, replaces
Oropus in the Atlantic regions of America, and has very much the same
general facies, differing profoundly, however, in the constricted and greatly
narrowed apex of the prothorax, elongate basal antennal joint and general
absence of discal elytral strie. The single lateral and subposterior
thoracic tooth of Ovopus is replaced by three minute and equidistant
denticles along the arcuate part of each side. The sexual characters are
even feebler than in Oropus, there being no dorsal modifications, and the
last ventral is merely larger and more apically impressed in the male; there
is no sexual difference at all in bodily form or habitus. The species are
similarly closely allied among themselves, necessitating careful observa-
tion ; those in my collection may be defined as follows :

Body with longer, erect and more conspicuous pubescence ...........2
Body with shorter, sparser and less bristling pubescence..............3

2. Form rather convex, shining, subimpunctate, testaceous ; head trans-
verse, the eyes moderate, the tempora long and only just visibly con-
verging, the base broadly sinuate, the occiput impressed, with a long
carinule extending to before the middle, the large perforate nude fovez
widely separated, before the middle, not connected with the strong,
broad, transverse sulcus behind the apical margin, the later being thin
and acute ; basal joint of the antenne very thin, as long as the following
six joints, the club as long as the funicle, with the eleventh joint as
long as the preceding three ; prothorax transverse, as wide as the
head, the part behind the apical stricture three-fourths wider than
long, the surface convex, the three basal pits as usual, not connected
by a transverse sulcus, the median sulcus strong, linear and, as usual,
extending onto the apical lobe; elytra slightly abbreviated, as long
as the head and prothorax and one-half wider, the sides rounded,
the humeri distinct, the juxta-humeral impression large and strong,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279

the four perforate basal fovez well developed ; sutural stria fine, the
others obsolete ; abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra,
the basal segment slightly longer than the second, with a basal
impression in fully median half. Length, 1.4 mm.; width, 0.5 mm.
Mississippi (Vicksburg), [New Orleans,—Leconte]. .zzsculptus, Lec.
Form similar but much smaller in size, the head similar, except that
the foveze are smaller and feebler and the anterior pit small, feebler
and transversely oval, the frontal edge not fine and acute, but low and
broadly convex as usual; occipital carina finer and shorter, the
antennee nearly similar ; prothorax smaller and less transverse, very
distinctly narrower than the head; elytra more distinctly shorter
than wide, not as long as the head and prothorax, and only a third
wider than the former, otherwise similar, the median discal impres-
sion, in neither case striiform, extending rather further from the base;
abdomen about as wide as the elytra and very evidently longer.
Length, 1.25 mm.; width, 0.42 mm. Missouri (St. Louis).
hirsutus, n. sp.
a. P Ociolax sina, much narrower than the head 2.2. 2.0 od ss tad
Prawior<lareer, subequal in width -to.the head 2.03. oc... seen O

4. Head larger, moderately transverse, the eyes small, at about twice their
own length from the base, the first antennal joint thicker, as long as
the next six, as wide as the second and fully half as wide as the
eleventh, its upper surface punctato-rugulose and hairy, the long
erect hairs of its under surface conspicuous ; frontal pit small, trans-
verse, ihe depressed frontal margin thick and convex, granulose ;
surface strongly granose laterally ; prothorax distinctly transverse,
smooth, convex and polished, tumid and_ strongly granose
basally, also in and near the anterior stricture, having the
usual sulci and disconnected basal fovez; elytra distinctly shorter
than wide, much shorter than the head and_ prothorax,
scarcely a third wider than the head, the sides diverging and
arcuate, the humeri feeble, the discal impression short and broad,
not quite extending to basal third, the surface minutely, sparsely
asperulato-punctate ; abdomen fully as wide as the elytra and
evidently longer, the basal impression in median half abruptly and
obliquely limited at the sides. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, o.5 mm.

District of Columbia......... se ana? UUCr, I: -Sp.

280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Head relatively smaller, the front similar, the basal antennal joint
much more slender, not quite as wide as the second and less than
half as thick as the eleventh, its upper surface smooth and almost
glabrous ; eyes [angers oats cic ays ace ohare cciis heme te pees oe

5. Head almost twice as wide as long, the eyes unusually large, convex and
prominent, at barely their own length from the base; surface smooth
and polished medially, finely, sparsely granose laterally ; prothorax
nearly as in ber, but more finely and sparsely granose basally and
apically ; elytra larger, not quite so abbreviated, shining, the discal
impression strong and broad basally, but with its internal part
prolonged posteriorly, becoming obsolete only behind the middle ;
abdomen about as long as the elytra and nearly as wide, rounded at
the sides, the basal impression almost similar. JZaZe with the last
ventral large, nearly as long medially as the three preceding com-
bined, gradually strongly and broadly impressed toward apex, the hind
margin thin and sublaminate. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.52 mm.
Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), P. Jerome Schmitt.

Jerrugineus, . Sp.

Head evidently not twice as wide as long, the eyes well developed, but
less prominent, and at rather more than their own length from the
base ; body much smaller in size and more yellowish in colour ;
prothorax nearly as in ferrugineus, but more convex and with a less
evident sinus at each side near the base ; elytra smaller and rather
more abbreviated, about as long as the head and prothorax, and
fully a’ third wider than the former, impressed nearly as in the
preceding, except that the median groove extends only to the middle;
abdomen fully as wide as the elytra but not quite so long, the basal
impression not quite so extended transversely as in ferrugineus.
Male with the last ventral very much shorter and more transverse,
with a rather smaller and more definite transversely oval apical
impression. _Length, 1.3 mm.; width, o.42 mm. Pennsylvania
(Westmoreland Co.), Schmitt.... ..5...% .. ss oe~ s OCAMICELE, onelae

6. Form rather stout, convex, shining, testaceous ; head well developed,
thick, convex, transverse, deeply sinuate at base as usual, granulose
except between the three fovezx, the apical transversely oval and
deep, the frontal margin thick, depressed ; eyes moderately small,
prominent, at a little more than their own length from the
base; first antennal joint as long as the funicle, rather thicker

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 281

than usual, more than half as thick as the eleventh, finely punctato-
rugose, and with bristling pubescence ; prothorax with the usual
sulci and fovee, moderately transverse, only slightly narrower than
the head, very sparsely granose at base; elytra but little shorter than
wide, fully as long as the head and prothorax and nearly one-half
wider, the humeri pronounced, the discal lines rather distinct, the
second extending to slightly before, the third to slightly behind, the
middle ; abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra, the basal
impression nearly half the total width, limited abruptly by oblique
lines at the sides. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.54 mm. Virginia
(Norfolk)... ‘ete eae Ravan: . virginicus, N, Sp.
Form, colour ae Enel chagsener néakly as in Me preceding, but
with the basal joint of the antennz sensibly more slender in the male,
as compared with the male of wzrgznicus; general form a little stouter
throughout, the prothorax decidedly shorter and more transverse,
scarcely visibly narrower than the head; elytra broader, much more
evidently shorter than wide, the second impression very short, basal,
the juxta-humeral impression large and deep, rapidly becoming very
faint and narrow, and barely traceable to the middle; abdomen
nearly similar. Length, 1.5 mm.; width, 0.58 mm. Cab. Levette,
promaplytroml -badlandce 2h on eee eS ge Se eee transversus, ND. Sp.

The last two species, and particularly wrginicus, are probably more
especially allied to swédstriatus, Lec., founded upon a unique from Tampa,
Fla., which I have not seen; it is said to be larger, darker and less convex
than zzsculptus, the eyes small, the elytra each with four faint strize, of
which the subhumeral is longer and more distinct, the others extending
only to about the middle ; the antennz have the ninth and tenth joints
less abruptly larger than in zzscudptus. The length is 1.5 mm.

Mr. Keen has recently sent me a specimen of Alegarafonus ventralis,
from Metlakatla, British Columbia, showing that its range 1s somewhat
extended.

A NEW GENUS OF BYRRHID.
BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The following is one of the more interesting of the many recent
discoveries of Mr. J. H. Keen, and I have taken advantage of the present
opportunity to suggest for it a probable systematic pesiaas in the Byrrhid
series ;

282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Lixoma, n. gen.

Body small, oval, very convex, the elytral striz so deeply impressed
as to form coarse sulci; head deflexed, deeply inserted, subquadrate, the
arcuate frontal margin reflexed, the clypeus short, broadly arcuate ; labrum
large, transverse, sinuate, vertically inflexed under the clypeus; maxillary
palpi slender, the last joint oval, acuminate ; eyes basal, flattened, trans-
versely oval, with convex separated facets ; the antenne are r1-jointed,
inserted in small ante-ocular excavations, slender but short, the basal
joint thicker, oval, the last three larger, gradually increasing and forming
a loose club; prosternum broadly lobed anteriorly, flattened and produced
between the coxe, its sinuato-truncate apex received within a mesosternal
pit between the middle coxz; metasternum ample, the episterna narrow
and completely fused ; abdomen with five free segments, much above the
plane of the metasternum ; epipleurze broad, parallel and horizontal to the
end of the metasternum, being there abruptly broken, ascending and
thence much narrowed posteriorly, disappearing before the apex; the
posterior wall of the metasternum and epipleura forms a shelter for the
hind thighs ; legs short, the two anterior free though retractile ; tarsi well
developed, 5-jointed, coarsely hairy, the first and fifth joints of the
posterior elongate, the three intermediate shorter.

The peculiar epipleural structure and the sulcate elytra constitute of
this genus such a marked exception that it is impossible to associate it
with any thus far known ; its divergencies are apparently tribal or sub-
tribal in nature. The type is the following :

E. pleuralts, n. sp.—Deep black, shining, the upper surface with
short, erect, curved sete, very easily removed and forming a single series
on each of the convex elytral intervals, more persistent on the head and
pronotum, which are frequently covered with concealing foreign matter ;
head finely, sparsely punctulate, the erect setae very small and inconspicu-
ous; prothorax transverse, at base as wide as the elytra, narrowed
anteriorly, the surface with very minute and remote asperulate punctula-
tion bearing the stronger curved sete; elytra barely as long as wide,
inflated basally and widest at about basal third, rapidly narrowed thence
to the narrowly-rounded apex. Length, 1.5-1.6 mm.; width, 0.9-I.0
mm. British Columbia (Metlakatla).

This genus will be considered again in a general revision of the
American Byrrhidee which the author has in contemplation, and he takes
this occasion to say that material of any kind in this family, from any part
of the continent, would be most welcome,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283

A SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER OF APHIDIDé.
BY JOHN J. DAVIS,
Office of the State Entomologist, Urbana, Illinois.

A character of the oviparous females of Aphids which has been
previously mentioned in descriptions, but which, so far as I can learn, has
never been treated as a secondary sexual character, is the presence of
sensoria upon the hind tibiz, in consequence of which the hind tibiz are
usually noticeably swollen. The term ‘ sensoria,” in Aphid descriptions,
was first used by Professor O. W. Oestlund, in his ‘‘Synopsis of the
Aphidide of Minnesota” (1887), in referring to the pores on the antenne.

Buckton, in his “ Monograph of the British Aphides,” Vol. I (1875),
p. 104, probably referred to these sensorial pores when he wrote, in his
description of the apterous oviparous female of Siphonophora rose,
Reaum., that ‘the hind tibize are furnished with numerous tubercular
spots, which probably assist the insect in arranging the soft and glutinous
eggs in the recesses of the leaf buds.” Also in Volumes I and II of this
same work he mentions, in the descriptions of the apterous oviparous
females of Stphonophora dirhoda, Walk.; Aphis edentula, Buck.; A. prunt,
Reaum.; A. viburni, Schr.; A. sambucaria, Pass., and Chattophorus
betule (?), Buck., that the hind tibiz are flattened, expanded or dilated.

These so-called pores or tubercular spots on the hind tibiz were first
referred to as sensoria by Dr. S. A. Forbes, who, in the Eighteenth Report
of the State Entomologist of Illinois (1894), mentions and figures them as
being conspicuously present on the hind tibiz of the apterous oviparous
females of Aphis maidt-radicis, Forbes. Since then, mention of these
tibial sensoria as occurring on the sexual females of Sishocoryne avene,
Fabr., and Hormaphis hamamelidis, Fitch, has been made by Mr. Theo.
Pergande in Bulletin 44 (1904) and in Technical Bulletin 9 (1901) of the
U.S. Bureau of Entomology; by Professor E. Dwight Sanderson, who
refers to them as “pores” in his descriptions of the apterous oviparous
females of Aphis pomi, De G.; A. sorbi, Kalt., and A. brevis, Sand. (he
also shows these ‘‘ pores” in his figure of Aphis Fitchit = Siphocoryne
avene, but makes no mention of them in his description), in the Thirteenth
Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Delaware (1892),
and in Entomological News (1906), in his description of the apterous ovipar-
ous females of JZacrosiphum granarta, Buck., he says: ‘* meta-tibize with
numerous pores”; by Miss Edith M. Patch, who, in Bulletin 147 of the
Maine Agricultural Experiment Station (1907), mentions and figures the
sensoria on the hind tibie of MJacrosiphum solanifolit, Ashm.; and by
Professor F. L. Washburn, in CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (1908), who found
them present on the hind tibie of the apterous oviparous females of

Toxoptera graminum, Rond.
August, 1908

CANE SENTiA” VOW: PLATE 8.

© Po
=O

Saas

°

fe)
02

© 095°

SENSORIA ON HIND TIBIAE OF APHIDIDAE.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289

In a recent letter from Professor C. P. Gillette, he writes that he has
examined a few species, contained in the collection of the State Agricul-
tural College of Colorado, namely: Brachycolus Ballii, Gill.; Callipterus
sp., C. discolor, Mon.; Drepanosiphum Braggit, Gill.; D. acertfoliz, Thos.,
and Chattophorus nigre, Oest., and all bore sensoria on the hind tibiz of
the sexual females, they being rather obscure in the species of Cad/ipterus
and Brachycolus.

I have found these tibial sensoria on the oviparous females of Szpha
flava, Forbes ; Callipterus trifolti, Mon.; Aphts brevis, Sand.; A. mazdi-
radicis, Forbes; A. Folsomii, Davis; Myzus eleagni (?), Del Guer.;
Macrosiphum lirtodendrt, Mon.; Rhopalosiphum berberidis, Kalt., and
Drepanosiphum acerifolit, Thos.

Thus we find that these sexual tibial sensoria have been found present
on species representing twelve different genera, namely: Jacrosiphum,
Myzus, Rhopalosiphum, Drepanosiphum, Aphis, Sipha, Siphocoryne,
Chaitophorus, Callipterus, Toxoptera, Brachycolus, and Hormaphis.

I have examined many species for these tibial sensoria, and have
never found them present on the hind tibie of viviparous females or
males, but have always found them present on oviparous females,
Although a positive statement can not now be made with our present
knowledge, still itis quite probable that the hind tibiz of the oviparous
females“ of the Aphidide, or at least of the subfamilies Pemphigine,
Schizoneurine, Lachnine, and Aphidine, are usually noticeably swollen,
and always bear more or less distinct and numerous sensoria. I know of
no other definite character for the distinguishing of the viviparous and
oviparous females, excepting the presence of either embryos or eggs in the
body. Mention has been made by several authors that the oviparous
females of certain species hold their bodies vertical to the surface upon
which they are resting. I have observed this characteristic position as
common to the sexual females, especially with S7jha flava and Aphis
maidi-radicis, but I find that it is not constant with all species, nor is it
always the case with the two species above mentioned.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8.

Hind tibiz of oviparous females of (1) J/acrosiphum liriodendri,
Mon.; (2) Aphis Folsomit, Davis ; (3) Drepanosiphum acertfolit, Thos.;
(4) Rhopalosiphum berberidis, Kalt.; (5) Aphis maidi-radicts, Forbes ;
(6) Myzus eleagni (?), Del Guer.; (7) Sipha flava, Forbes ; and (8)
Callipterus trifolit, Mon.

286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHAGROTIS, SM., WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC.D., NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
(Continued from page 228.)
Rhynchagrotis alternata, Grt.

One of the well-known, widely-distributed species which does not vary
greatly. Itis almost as large as variata, but not so broad-winged, the
colours are usually of some shade of luteous, more or less mottled, and
with the terminal space paler, though rarely contrasting. From all its
allies it differs in the large, ovate, oblique orbicular and large reniform,
which may be kidney-shaped or a little constricted ; both macule pale-
ringed. The transverse maculation is usually all present, but broken.
Localities represented in the material before me range throughout the
Northern States and Canada to the Rocky Mountains, southward down
the Mississippi Valley into Ohio, and along the Atlantic Coast to the
District of Columbia.

Rhynchagrotis Belfragei, Sm.

Similar to a/fernata in size, but narrower winged, darker and even in
colour, the median lines almost lost. The ordinary spots are concolorous,
narrowly pale-ringed, smaller than in its ally, the orbicular more nearly
round.

Only 2 ¢’s are at hand, from Texas, and they are from the original
type lot taken by Belfrage. It is strange that it has not been turned up
again in more recent collections.

Rhynchagrotis anchocelioides, Gn.

Better known as cufzda in collections, and locally not uncommon.
It is almost as large as a/ternata, but is red or brown in colour, not
mottled, and with a distinct blackish mark on costa preceding the s. t.
line. In the normal form the maculation is obscure, the median lines
barely marked, the ordinary spots only a little darker.

What we have always known as brunneipennis, but which seems
nearer to what Hampson calls cupida, Grt., is a distinctly smaller form,
with the median lines distinct though broken, the ordinary spots pale-
ringed and blackish centered, the s. t. space distinctly darker. I have
suspected two species, and am not sure yet that there is only one; but
all of the 13 examples of this type before me are females, and the change
in form is somewnat gradual.

Nevertheless, the last word on this species has not been said.
August, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287

Rhynchagrotis cupidissima, Grt.
There is a long series collected by Mr. Buchholz in Yavapai County,

Arizona, that shows a fine series of variations. As compared with the
preceding, this is a slightly larger species, tending to luteous or creamy,
a red tinge being exceptional, and usually accompanied bya dark s. t.
Shade preceding the s. t. line, while the terminal space becomes paler.
There is rarely a distinctly darker costal blotch preceding s. t. line,
although the s. t. shade is always best marked on the costa. The second-

aries are almost blackish in both sexes, and the species is, on the whole,
very characteristic.

The range of distribution is wide, specimens from Chicago matching
others from Arizona so closely that no differences are notable, and
California examples matching others from New Mexico. The Chicago
examples were taken by Mr. Healy in June and August, and while I
questioned the accuracy of the records when the specimens were first
received, there seems to be no doubt that the specimens were actually
taken there.

Rhynchagrotis trigona, Sm.

This species differs at once from all the preceding in the shorter,
broader, more triangular wings. The primaries are usually of some shade
of pale luteous, tending to receive a reddish admixture in one direction
and a smoky admixture in another. Asa rule, while all the maculation is
present in the specimens, it is scarcely relieved and does not disturb the
apparent uniformity of the wing. Exceptionally the ordinary spots will
become black, contrasting, and the lines, or some of them, may be blackish.

I have a long series of examples from Colorado Springs in June and
July, a very long series taken by Mr. Buchholz in Yavapai Co., Arizona,
in July, and a small series from Fort Wingate, New Mexico, in July.
Altogether over 100 examples, and enough to get a fairly good idea of
what the species looks like.

Rhynchagrotis sambo, Nn. sp.

Has the ¢rigonate primaries of ¢rigona, but is smaller and the wings
are a little longer, not quite so stubby. Maculation also as in frigona,
but much better defined, the ordinary spots being usually black or
contrastingly darker, while the s. t. line is pale, preceded by a distinct
blackish or dusky shading. While there are some almost uniform examples,
the tendency is all in the opposite direction, the basal area becoming

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

darker between the basal and t. a. line until a conspicuous black band
appears; the s. t. space in turn may also become darker until it is com-
pletely black-filled; one example, with basal and s. t. bands and the
ordinary spots lost, presenting an appearance that proved puzzling until
the series now in hand was examined. Secondaries blackish, fringes rufous.

Expands.—1.16-1.28 inches = 29-32 mm.

Habitat.—Kaslo, British Columbia, July and August, Mr. Cockle ;
Peachland, B. C., in July, Mr. Wallis, through Dr. Fletcher ; Ainsworth,
B. C., in July, Mr. Findlay, also through Dr. Fletcher.

A series of r2 g’s and 12 @’s, most of them in good or fair con-
dition, and while extremely variable, yet in altogether a different direction
from f¢rigona, which is approached only in one or two very uniform

examples.

Rhynchagrotis aleandola, Sm.

Ground colour pale luteous-gray.. Sides of palpi dark brown.
Primaries very uniform in general tint. Basal line barely indicated on
costa. ‘T. a. line faintly indicated by scattered black scales, its course
outwardly oblique. T. p. line geminate, consisting rather of venular
points connected by black scales, very evenly outcurved over the cell and
very slightly incurved below it. The s. t. space is black powdered,
deepening to a distinct shade before the pale, slightly irregular s. t. line,
which is the most obvious feature of the wing. Small terminal black
points in the interspaces, and a pale yellow line at base of fringes.
Orbicular irregular, oblique, blackish-filled, with natrow yellow defining
line. Reniform large, blackish-filled, with a narrow yellow defining line ;
nearly upright, a little drawn in at centre. Secondaries smoky, paler at
base. Beneath powdery, with an extramedial dusky line and a discal spot.

Expands.—1.40 inches = 35 mm.

fTabitat.—Yavapai Co., Arizona, Oct. 4, Mr. Hutson.

One female, in fair condition only. Prof. F. H. Snow has other
examples, and I sent him the MSS. name some time since, expecting to
get additional material for the description. It is to validate the name sent
out that I base the species on a single defective example, knowing that
there are other and better ones in collections.

The species is perhaps nearest to a/ternata, but obviously distinct in
the course of the s. t. line, the dark s,t. space and in the form of the
ordinary spots.

Beat

_—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 289

e

BLENNOCAMPIN A;X—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND
SPECIES—SYNONYMICAL NOTES.

~ BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

The genera of the subfamily Blennocampine, as understood by the
writer, can be differentiated by the following characters : front wings with
the radial cross-vein, the radio-medial cross vein, and the free parts of Ry,
and R; always present; the medio-cubital cross-vein joined to the vein
Sc+R-+M at or near the origin of media, its distance from media always
less than one-half the length of the cross-vein, and always parallel to the
vein M;,,; the base of the third anal vein atrophied, or at least in part,
so that the anal cells are of the petiolate type; the antennz with nine
segments ; the body short and stout.

Selandria (Blennocampa) floridana, Cr.—This species belongs to
the genus Pareophora.

Neopareophora, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the eyes
being distant from the bases of the mandibles ; antennz with the third
segment subequal in length with the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera not
with a transverse suture below the episternum, separating off a
presternum ; claws simple, without a tooth. Type JVeopareophora
Martini, MacG. . ‘

Neopareophora Martint, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
mandibles, the prothorax, the tegule, the mesopleura, side lobes of the
mesonotum, the legs, the venter and the tip of the abdomen yellow or
rufous ; cerci elongate ; saw-guides obliquely truncated at apex; wings
hyaline. Length, 4 mm.

Habitat: West Springfield, “Mass. (J. O. Martin).

This species is named after my friend, Mr. James O. Martin.

Neopareophora scelesta, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
mandibles for the most part, the front legs, more or less infuscated at base
and apex, and the middle legs beyond the apices of the femora rufous ;
cerci hardly projecting ; saw-guides large and obliquely rounded to an
apex above ; wings infuscated. Length, 7 mm.

Habitat: Black Mts., North Carolina (William Beutenmuller).

This species resembles Selandria ( Monophadnus) scelesta, Cr., very
closely, and for some time was considered the same as that species.

Phymatocera nigra, Harrg.—Through the kindness of Mr. Harring-
ton, I have been able to examine type specimens of this species, and find
that it belongs to the genus Meopareophora. Konow has referred this

species incorrectly to Rhadinocerea.
August, 1908

290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Neotomostethus, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the eyes
being distant from the base of the mandibles; antennez with the third
segment longer than the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera with a transverse
suture below the episternum, separating off a presternum; claws with a
small tooth within before the apex. Type JVeotomostethus hyalinus,
MacG.

Leotomostethus hyalinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and
the legs below the knees, except the apices of the posterior tibie and
tarsi, white ; antennal fovea broad and rounded ; antennal furrow wanting
on the front ; wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : McLean, N. -Y.

Rhadinocerea simtlata, n. sp.—Body black; the wings strongly
infuscated ; the postocular area elongated; the ocellar basin distinct ;
the saw-guides rounded at apex to a blunt point above. Length, 8 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca, N. Y., and Agricultural College, Mich.

Hypargyricus, n. gen.—Malar space broad and distinct, the eyes
being distant from the base of the mandibles; antennz with the third
segment subequal in length to the fourth ; mesothoracic epimera not with
a transverse suture below the episternum ; claws cleft at apex, the inner
tooth nearly as long as the outer. Type Aypargyricus infuscatus, MacG.

fypargyricus infuscatus, n. sp.—Postocular area strongly elevated ;
saw-guides straight on the upper and lower margins, and rounded to a
blunt point at middle of apex ; body black; the front femora and tibiz
more or less white in front, suffused with black; wings infuscated.
Length, 8 mm.

Habitat, :-Sithaca, IN. Ye

Selandria (Phymatocera) fumipennis, Nort.—-This species belongs
to the genus A/ypargyricus. The genus Phymatocera, so far as I am
aware, does not occur in America.

Lsiodyctium atratum, n. sp.—Body black, with the clypeus, the
labrum, a spot on the mandibles, the collar narrowly, the tegule, a
narrow line on the posterior margin of the abdominal segments, broadest
on the venter, and the legs, brownish-white ; a band on the posterior —
margin of each lobe of the mesonotum, the scutellum, and the median
tergal abdominal segments more or less rufous ; saw-guides concave above
and convex below, broadly rounded at apex to a point above; wings
hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D, Ball).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291

Periclista confusa, 0. sp.— Body black, with the clypeus, the labrum,
the collar broadly, the tegule, the legs beyond the cox, and the abdomen
at sides above and for the most part beneath, luteous, shading to
brownish ; the median lobe of the mesonotum for the most part and the
pleura, brown ; the ocellar basin flat and distinct; the postocular area
not marked in front by a furrow ; the front finely punctured ; the fourth
segment of the antenne longer than the fifth; the wings hyaline.
Length, 5 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.

Selandria (Monophadnus) marginicollis, Nort.—An examination of
a type specimen proves this species to belong to the genus Periclista, and
to be very similar in coloration to Periclista purpuridorsum, Dyar.

Tomostethus.—There are three species in the Eastern United States
belonging to this genus, Se/andria( Monophadnus ) bardus, Say, Selandria
( Blennocampa) inabitis, Nort., and the following new species:

Tomostethus JVortonii, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, a fine
line on the collar, the tegule, the front legs below the middle of the
femora, and the middle and hind legs beyond the knees, white ; the saw-
guides concave above and broadly convex below, obliquely, truncately
rounded to a point at apex above ; wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball).

Named after Edward Norton, the pioneer student of the North Ameri-
can species of Tenthredinoidea.

Monophadnus distinctus, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
tegulz, and the legs below the knees, white ; the antennal furrow con-
tinuous and distinct from the clypeus to the occiput; the ocellar basin
distinct; the scutellum coarsely punctured behind at sides; the
appendage of the scutellum flat and impunctate ; the wings hyaline.
Length, 7 mm.

Habitat : Lake Forest, Ill. (J. G. Needham).

Monophadnus minutus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule, the
corners of the prothorax somewhat, and the legs below the knees, white ;
the front with a deep, broad puncture on each side above the lower end
of the antennal furrow but not connected with it; scutellum with a few
scattered coarse punctures behind; the scutellar appendage flat and
impunctate ; the antennal fovea continues with the ocellar basin ; the
wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat: Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Ward).

292 TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Monophadnus bipunctatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and
the legs below the knees, white ; the antennal furrow interrupted on the
front ; front never with a large puncture on each side; the scutellum
coarsely punctured at sides behind; the scutellar appendage flat and not
carinate at middle; the saw-guides obliquely rounded to a blunt point at
apex ; the wings slightly infuscated. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca; N. Y.

Monophadnus equals, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegulz, the pro-
notum for the most part, the front legs beyond the bases of the femora,
the middle and hind legs beyond the knees, white ; the antennal furrow
interrupted on the front ; front never with a large puncture on the sides,
and finely punctured ; the ocellar basin fairly distinct ; the scutellum and
the metathorax uniformly, densely punctured ; the saw-guides oblique at
apex and pointed. Length, 5.5 mm.

Habitat. oitheca, N.Y.

Monophadnus plicatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule, the
margin of the pronotum more or less, and the legs beyond the knees,
white; the head with the V-shaped furrow behind the front ocellus
distinct ; the antennal furrow interrupted on the front ; front never with a
large puncture on each side; the scutellum more densely punctured than
the metathorax ; the scutellar appendage lungitudinally carinate at middle;
the saw-guides with the two edges parallel and obliquely truncate at apex ;
wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 6.5 mm.

Habitat: Ames, Iowa (E. D. Ball). )

Monophadnus transversus, n. sp.—Body black, with the labrum, the
tegule, the pronotum entirely, the legs beyond the knees, and a narrow
margin to the apex of each tergal arid ventral segment, white ; head with
the V-shaped furrow behind the front ocellus indefinite, almost obliter-
ated ; antennal furrow interrupted on the front ; the front never with a
large puncture on each side ; the scutellum more densely punctured than
the metathorax ; the scutellar appendage longitudinally carinate at middle;
the saw-guides with the two sides parallel, squarely truncated at apex, with
the corner rounded ; the wings yellowish hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : Michigan.

Paracharactus, n. gen. Malar space narrow and indistinct, hardly
more than a line beneath the eyes ; mesothoracic epimeron not with a
transverse suture below the episternum separating off a presternum:
claws with an erect tooth at middle. Type, Paracharactus obscuratus,
MacG.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293

Paracharactus obscuratus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tips of the
clypeus, the labrum, the hypoclypeal area, the angles of the prothorax,
the posterior third of the mesopleura, and the front and middle legs
below the knees, yellow or rufous ; the ocellar basin indistinct, Length,
5 mm. .

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y., and West Spring, Mass. (J. O. Martin).

Selandria ( Phymatocera) rudis, Nort. This species belongs to the
genus Paracharactus.

Neocharactus, n. gen.—Malar space narrow and indistinct, hardly
more than a line beneath the eyes ; mesothoracic epimeron not with a
transverse suture below the episternum separating off a presternum ;
claws with two erect teeth at middle. Type, Meocharactus Bakeri, MacG.

Leocharactus Bakeri, n. sp.—Body black, with the clypeus, the
labrum, a spot on the mandibles, the tips of the first and second segments
of the antenne, the tegule, the corners of the prothorax in part, a line on
the apex of each abdominal segment, somewhat indistinct at middle, the
front and middle coxe beneath, and the remainder of the legs beneath in
great part, white; the third segment of the antenne longer than the
fourth ; the head more or less aeneous and finely punctured ; the antennal
fovea twice as long as broad, the sides square ; a triangular area around
the median ocellus ; the wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat : Santa Clara Co., California (Carl F. Baker).

Monophadnoides conspicuus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule,
the pronotum, the front legs beyond the trochanters, and the middle and
hind legs beyond the middle of the femora, luteous ; abdominal segments
one to five yellowish-rufous ; the front with a pit-like puncture on each
side ; the antenne with the third segment shorter than segments four and
five together; the saw-guides of moderate width, straight above and
below, obliquely rounded to a point above at apex; the wings hyaline.
Length, 6.5 mm.

Habitat: McLean, Mass.

Monophadnoides conspiculata, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar
narrowly, the tegulz, the legs below the knees, white ; the antennz with
the second segment longer than broad ; front with a pit-like puncture on
each side ; the pentagonal area wanting ; the scutellum wholly smooth ;
the saw-guides straight above, convex below and obliquely, emarginately
truncated at apex ; wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Monophadnoides consobrinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of
the pronotum, the tegula, the legs below the knees, white; the furrow in
‘front of the postocular area narrow, deep and distinct ; the pentagonal
area flattened, the walls flat and practically wanting ; the third segment
of the antenne not as long as the fourth and fifth together, the second
segment broader than long ; the scutellum wholly smooth ; the saw-guides
straight above, convex below, broadly, obliquely rounded to a blunt point
at apex above; the wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Durham, N. H. (C. M. Weed).

Monophadnoides cordatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule, the
legs below the knees, white, except that the tips of the tibie and tarsi are
more or less infuscated ; the furrow in front of the postocular area broad,
shallow and indistinct ; the pentagonal area wholly wanting ; the third
segment of the antenne as long as the fourthand fifth together, the second
segment broader than long; the scutellum wholly smooth; the saw-guides
convex above and below, obliquely truncated to a point at apex above ;
the wings hyaline. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat: Illinois (Nason).

Monophadnoides concessus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum, the tegule and the legs below the knees, white ; the antenne
with the third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth together; the head
smooth and polished ; the front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median
ocellus ; the scutellum punctate at apex; the saw-guides straight above
and below, obliquely, convexly rounded at apex; the wings white.
Length, 6 mm.

Habitat. zelthaca; Na V

Monophadnoides crussus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar
narrowly, the tegulee, the legs below the knees, white ; the front without a
V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the third segment of the
antennz subequal in length with the fourth and fifth together; the
pentagonal area wanting ; the scutellum punctate at apex ; the saw-guides
straight above and below, obliquely rounded to a blunt point at apex and
above. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: .Durhamai, Ee (C: IM. Weed).

Monophadnoides conspersus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of
the pronotum, the tegule, the trochanters, and the legs below the knees,
white ; the front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the
third segment of the antennze subequal in length with the fourth and fifth

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 295

together ; the pentagonal area wanting ; the scutellum finely striate at
apex ; the saw-guides broad, straight above, strongly convexly rounded
from below to the apex above. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat: Ithaca; .N2Y.

Monophadnoides costalis, n. sp.— Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum, the tegulz, and the legs below the knees, white ; the front
without a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the pentagonal
area wanting ; the scutellum striate at apex ; front with a pit-like puncture
on each side ; the saw-guides straight above and below, oblique at apex,
drawn out into a long point above. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Weilesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).

Monophadnoides coracinus, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum narrowly, the tegule, and the legs below the knees, white ; the
antenne with the third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth together ;
the pentagonal area and the V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus
wanting; the front not with a pit-like puncture on each side; the scutellum
smooth, at most extremely, finely, rugosely roughened. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).

Monophadnoides collaris, n. sp.—Body black, with the angles of the
pronotum broadly, the tegule, the apices of the coxee, the trochanters
more or less, and the legs below the knees, white ; the antennz with the
third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth together ; the pentagona]
area indistinctly impressed; the V-shaped furrow ,behind the median
ocellus distinct; the scutellum distinctly punctured at sides; the saw-
guides broad, convex above and below, broadly, obliquely rounded to a
blunt point at apex above. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat.; Ithaca; N--Y.

A phanisus, n. gen.— Malar space narrow and indistinct, hardly more
than a line beneath the eyes ; the antenne with the third segment always
longer than the fourth; mesothoracic epimeron not with a transverse suture
below the episternum ; front wings with the radial cross-vein and the free
part of R, inclined at different angles ; the hind wings with the transverse
part of M, present ; the claws cleft at apex. Type dphanisus lobatus,
MacG.

Aphanisus lobatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the pronotum, the
tegulz, the legs, and a fine margin on the apex of the abdominal seg-
ments, white or luteous ; front with a distinct pentagonal area, its lateral
walls sharp and distinct ; the front smooth and polished and without a

296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

pit-like puncture ; the scutellum impunctate at sides ; the wings somewhat
infuscated; the saw-guides broad, straight above, broadly convexly rounded
from the base to a hooked point above. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat: Ormond, Florida (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).

Aphanisus muricatus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar, the tegule
and the legs below the knees, the femora more or less infuscated, white ;
front with a distinct pentagonal area, its lateral walls low and indistinct ;
the front finely, rugosely roughened ; the front without a pit-like puncture
on each side ; the wings hyaline ; the saw-guides straight above, convexly
rounded from below to a blunt point above. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat : AthacasNe WN

Aphanisus odoratus, n. sp.— Body black, with the collar, the tegule,
and the legs below the knees, white; the front with the pentagonai area
entirely wanting, and with a pit-like puncture on each side connected
below with the antennal furrow ; the scutellum punctured at sides; the
wings hyaline ; the saw-guides straight above, convex below, and obliquely
rounded to a point above. Length, 5 mm.

Habitat < ithaca, Noy;

Aphanisus nigritus, n. sp.—Body black, with the collar, the tegule,
and the legs beyond the middle of the femora, white ; front with the pen-
tagonal area wanting, and not with a V-shaped furrow behind the median
ocellus, and with a pit-like puncture on each side but not connected with
the antennal furrow,; the scutellum roughened at sides; the saw-guides
straight above and convexly rounded from base to a blunt point above ;
the wings hyaline. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Riverton, New Jersey (H. L. Viereck).

Blennocampa abnorma, n. sp.— Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees, the tibiz: more or less infuscated, white ; the front
without a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus; the pentagonal area
wanting ; the clypeus angularly emarginate; the antenne with the third
segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the wings hyaline.
Length, 5.5 mm. .

Habitat: IthacasN. Y.

Llennocampa antennata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees, ]uteous; the front tibize and tarsi more or less infus-
cated ; the front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the
antennal fovea with a rounded papilla at centre; the antennz with the
third segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the scutellum

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297

smooth at apex ; the saw-guides convex above and below and obliquely,
convexly truncated at apex. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Durham, N. H. (C. M. Weed).

Blennocampa aperta, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees except the apices of the tibize and the greater part of
the tarsi, white ; the antennal fovea flat, without a papilla at centre ; the
front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the antenne
with the third segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together ;
the scutellum smooth at apex ; the saw-guides strongly convex above and
below, and rounded to a point at apex. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: West Haven, Ct. (E. B. Whittlesey).

Blennocampa angulata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees, except the apices of the tibiz and the tarsi, white ;
the antennal fovea an elongate furrow ; the front with a V-shaped furrow
behind the median ocellus ; the scutellum finely striate at sides ; the saw-
guides broad, straight above; convex below, obliquely truncated at apex.
Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).

Blennocampa adusta, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs, except the tips of the middle and hind tibiz and tarsi, white ; the
antennal fovea with a large rounded papilla at centre; the front with a
V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the antenne with the third
segment at least as long as the fourth and fifth together; the scutellum
punctured at sides; the saw-guides straight above and convexly, obliquely
rounded from base to apex above, © Length, 6 mm.

Habitat: Wellesley, Mass. (A. P. Morse).

Blennocampa acuminata, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule and the
legs below the knees, luteous; the antennal fovea flat and without a papilla
at centre ; front with a V-shaped furrow behind the median ocellus ; the
third segment of the antennz at least as long as the fourth and fifth
together ; the scutellum punctured at sides ; the saw-guides broad, straight
above and below, broadly, convexly and somewhat obliquely rounded at
apex. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat : Chicopee, Mass. (J. O. Martin).

Selandria (Blennocampa) parva, Cress.—This species belongs to the
genus Erythraspides. Adults were bred by Professor Comstock, from
larve collected on Fuchsia. |

298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON EUCHLOE HYANTIS, EDW.
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.

The history ef Zuchloe hyantis well illustrates the state of confusion
of some of the western Luchloeine. In 1871 W. H. Edwards described,
in the Transations of the American Entomological Society, both sexes of
a species of Auchloe (Anthocharis), which he called Ayantis, the types
coming from Mendocino, Calif. In his Pac. Coast Lepidoptera papers
(Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 22, 1876), Hy. Edwards writes: “Anthocharts
creusa, Dbl. I have little doubt, from an examination of a figure by Mr.
Butler, of the British Museum, kindly loaned to me by Mr. W. H.
Edwards, that this species is the same as 4. Ayantis, Edw., which is well
known to occur in the Sierra Nevadas, and in other high lands of the
State. It is said by Dr. Behr to be far from rare in the neighbourhood of
Oroville, and has been subsequently taken by Baron R. Osten Sacken in the
Yosemite Valley, and by myself near Lake Tahoe. It is probably often
confounded with A. ausonides, but it is abundantly distinct.” W. H.
Edwards, in his list of Rhopalocera, published in 1877, places it as a
synonym, and in his later list (1879) it is entirely omitted. In 1878,
however, Hy. Edwards changed his former opinion and gives it specific
rank.

Of the later authors Beutenmuller (Revision N. Am. species of
Euchloet) places hyantis as a synonym of creusa, and describes as new,
under the name Zoffa, the form heretofore known as crezsa.

Creusa was named by Doubleday and Hewitson, and, according to

Jeutenmuller, the figure given in their ‘“‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera ”
agrees well with Ayantis or possibly ausonides. There is no mention of
hyantis in Holland’s Butterfly Book or in the Check List of American
Macro-Lepidoptera published by the Brooklyn Entomological Society in
1882. Dr. Skinner* makes coloradensis, Hy. Edw., a synonym of
ausonides, and places hyantis as a variety. The same writer in his supple
ment puts e/sa, Beut., and Zoffa, Beut., as varieties of crewsa. Smith in-
his catalogue gives Ayantis specific rank, as does W. G. Wright (Butt.
West Coast). Dyar! places Ayantis as a variety of ausonides. Dr. A. G.
Butler (Can. Ent., XXXI, 1899, p. 19), writes: ‘‘ As regards &. ereusa, I
believe to vary seasonably as much as its very close ally, &. ausonia,; the

+tAm. Mus. Nat. Hist., x., p. 235-248. (1898).
*A Syn. Cat. of N. Am. Rhop., Phila., 1898.
1. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,; No. 52, Wash., 1902.

August, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 299

attempt to distinguish between Z. ausonides and Z. hyantis looks to me
like a failure, not that they cannot be readily distinguished by size, form
of secondaries, depth of ground-tint, and -size of white spots on under
surface, but because these differences are to be seen in undoubted season
variations in the European form, 2. awsonia, and because if 7. ausonides
is distinct from 2. Ayantis, the Vancouver form, which differs in the
pattern of the under surface, has an equal claim to separation. As
regards typical &. creusa, which Dr. Beutenmuller considers to be Z.
hyantis, 1 can definitely assure him that the type (which we possess)
agrees with his var. e/sa. My idea of this species is that it can be
arbitrarily sorted out into seven graded forms: 4. ausonides, E. var. from
Vancouver, £. hyantis, EL. lotta, EL. coloradensis, E. creusa = elsa.”

In the same volume of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (p. 56) Beuten-
muller says: “In answer to Dr. Butler’s comments upon my revision of the
species of Huch/oe, 1 could state that Dr. Butler may possibly be right in
considering creusa (var. elsa), hyantis and J/otta seasonal forms of
ausonides, but with the present knowledge it is not possible to place them
so, and for this reason I concluded it would be best to allow the species
to remain distinct until more light could be obtained on the subject. At
any rate, I was certain that what we had labeled in our collections as
creusa was not Doubleday and Hewitson’s species, which Dr. Butler
definitely asserts is my var. e/sa. What seems strange to me is, how was
it that Edwards did not recognize the figure of crewsa sent to him by Dr.
Butler? Creusa (var. e/sa) cannot be mistaken for either Ayantis or lotta
(so-called creusa). Doubleday and Hewitson did not give a description
of creusa, and their figure of the species is unrecognizable, consequently
has no scientific value.”

it has been supposed that Zyantzs is the spring brood of ausonides,
but Edwards (Can. Ent., XXIV, p. 10g) contradicts this, saying that
ausonides is monogenentic, as he had bred a few typical examples in
March. Last year, however, Mr. E. J. Newcomer and myself succeeded
in breeding azsonides throughout all its stages, and a fair percentage of
the pup emerged in early summer.2 These examples were certainly not
hyantis, and differed from the spring brood in being slightly larger and
perhaps more yellowed. In order to straighten out this group, it will be
necessary to breed out the various forms. I would like very much to

2. The fact that the European ausonia was 2-brooded and the American
ausonides single-brooded, was one of the distinctions given by Edwards and
Beutenmuller for distinguishing the two.

300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

receive any eggs of such species, particularly from the mountainous
regions of the west. ‘The synonomy, as now known, I would place as

follows:
ausonides, Bdv.

= coloradensis, Hy. Edw.?
creusa, Dbl. & Hew.

= var. elsa, Beut.

var. hyantis, Hy. Edw.

var. lotta, Beut.

ERRATA.

The following corrections may be made to my Notes on the new
Rhopalocera described by W. G. Wright in his Butterflies of the West
Coast :

P. 238—No. 178, Melitea eremita, Wright, = palla, 2 (blackish

form).

No. 181, Melit@a sabina, Wright, = palla, 2 (reddish
Jorm ).

No. 186, Melitea leona, Wright, = obsoleta, Hy. Edwards
(from type locality).

SOME RECENT PAPERS ON HEMIPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.

From time to time, notes, papers and monographs on some branch of
Entomology are published, but, unfortunately, not always in the most
widely read nor even accessible publications. Such, for instance, are
three papers, one of great interest, not only to American Hemipterists,
put also to the general student of biology. Of the other two, one should
receive the notice of Hemipterists in general, and the other of those
whose interest is mainly in water-bugs.

The first is a paper on fauna, by Dr. G. Horvath, of Buda-Pesth,
entitled, ‘‘ Les Relations entre les Faunes Héemiptérologiques de |’Europe
et de Américane du Nord.” This important contribution was read at
the opening session before the 7th Zoological Congress at the Boston
meeting in 1908, and its author now publishes it in the, to us, inaccessible
‘« Annales Histoirco-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici.””

3. Hardly worthy of rank, as, in good series, all intergradations are to be
found.

(1) 1908, vol. vi., pp. 1-14.

August, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

He calls attention to the great resemblance already noted between
the faunas of Europe and North America, going so far in many cases as
to the identity of genera and species, and this after rejecting mistaken
identifications on the one hand, and demonstrating the identity of Ameri-
can species, reputed.as new, with well-known European forms on the
other. His researches have given 161 species and 261 genera of European-
American Hemiptera, and this includes the imported and naturalized
forms, of which 31 have come to America from Europe, and only 2
have been exported to the other side of this continent. The imported
species, except C/inocoris lectularius and Reduvius personatus, are all
Homoptera—more or less injurious to cultivated plants. Deducting
imported species (the number of which does not include certain forms
held by our entomologists to be imported because found here later than in
Europe, from which view Horvath differs), there are 128 species common
to both continents, 59 Heteroptera and 69 Homoptera. In the former he
lists 3 Pentatomias (or Cimicids); 9 Lygeids; 4 Aradids; 1 Gerrid,
Gerris rufoscutellatus, Latr.; 6 Reduviids, of which 5 are Reduvioli; 4
Acanthids (or Saldids) ; 2 Anthocorids; no less than 28 Mirids (or Cap-
sids ; 1 Notonectid and 2 Corixids. The Homoptera are mainly Jassids,
Cercopids, Aphids (by far the most abundant) and Coccids.

In examining these lists one is struck by the fact that the vast
majority belong to the colder parts of Europe, and only 6 are from the
South, and also found in the Southern United States. Their artificial
spread is inadmissible, and while he does not consider theories of a great
continent between Europe and America, nor that the dispersal was by
way of Iceiand and Greenland when these had a milder climate, Dr.
Horvath considers that the fact that the common species are also Pale-
arctic forms evidently shows that the dispersal was by way of Behring
Strait. In confirmation of this supposition we have the fact® that five
species have been found only at the extreme north-west of America, and
that certain others have not penetrated far into the Paleearctic region, and
still others are common only to north-western America and north-eastern
Asia.

As to the genera, he finds that of those common to the two faunas, no
less than 138 are of Palearctic origin, 31 are Nearctic, 23 Holarctic, 13
Neotropical, 5 Oriental, 4 Ethiopian, 12 intertropical and 22 cosmopolitan.

(2) Dr. Horvath cites six, but one is known to me fosttively to be a mis-
identification.

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Moreover, there are 8 of uncertain origin. From this tabulation he
deduces that nearly 84 per cent. of the common genera have migrated by
the Behring route.

His conclusions are as follows :

rst. There is a certain number of species and genera of Hemiptera
which are common to Europe and North America. ©

2nd. The greater part of these common Hemiptera is native to the
Paleearctie region and belongs to the temperate zone.

3rd. The migration of these Hemiptera has taken place mainly by
way of Behring Straits.

4th. The few southern types common to the two continents origi-
nated in the intertropical region, whence they came independently to enrich
the Palearctic and Nearctic faunas.

5th. Artificial importation plays only a secondary role in the spread
of European-American Hemiptera; but it is Europe that has supplied
America, along with cultivated plants, with more species than the latter
has received from Europe.

(To be continued.)

THE, BITE R BEF:

Everybody knows that toads are great insect destroyers, accepting
nauseous species, and not refusing even stinging bees, so I was surprised
the other day, on hearing the cry of a toad in pain, to find one nearly the
size of a hen’s egg attacked by a ground beetle a little over an inch long
and half an inch broad, belonging to the genus Dicaelus. ‘These beetles
are broad and flat, black, with a blue line on the outer edges of the elytra.
‘The toad was held by the middle of the upper arm by the powerful jaws
of the beetle, and vainly struggled to push off its assailant with the other
limbs, and the beetle actually tried to carry the toad away, pushing it
ahead two or three inches while I watched. The toad had a bloody wound
in its shoulder, and bite-marks, corresponding to the beetle’s jaws, all
along its flank and thigh, so the fight must have lasted a considerable
time. The beetle frequently relaxed its hold slightly to take a better bite;
it beld on like a bulldog, with no intent of letting go while I carried them
to the house to show to my wife, and indeed I had to pry the beetle’s jaws
apart to separate the combatants. These Dicaelus beetles are rather
common here, but I never knew them to prey on vertebrate animals
before. —THEODORE L. MEap, Oviedo, Fla.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 303

NOTES ON ELEAS COLLECTED ON RAT AND HUMAN
HOSTS IN SAN FRANCISCO AND ELSEWHERE.

BY R. W. DOANE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIF.

In Feb., 1908, Dr. W. B. Wherry, of the Dept. of Public Health of
San Francisco, sent to the University for identification a few vials of fleas,
most of which had been collected from rats in the plague-stricken districts
and from doctors, nurses and others who had been at work in these
districts. Those from the rats showed the following species: Cerato-
phyllus fasciatus, Bosc., 1 6,6 2’s; Ctenocephalus canis (Curtis), Baker,
2 2’s; Loemopsylla ( Pulex) cheopis, Rothschild, 16 ¢’s, 19 Q’s. Five
6’s and one 9 of Crenopsyllus musculi (Duges), Wagner, were taken
from a mouse in the plague laboratory, and 220 specimens of Pulex
irritans, Linn., were taken from human hosts or on their clothing in the
plague laboratory and hospital and in the refugee camps where human
plague cases were of frequent occurrence. A single specimen of an
undetermined species of Ceratophyllus was also taken from a human host.

A later sending from Dr. Wherry, April, ’08, showed 88 specimens
of Ceratophyllus fasciatus and 1 Ctenopsyllus musculi from rats, 7
Loemopsylla cheofis from mice, 25 Pulex irritans and 1 specimen of
Ceratophyllus sp. from human hosts (one /. zrvritans was from the body
of a Chinaman who had died of the plague), and 477 specimens of
Ctenocephalus canis collected from a single Dachshund pup.

From time to time between March rst and June ist, Dr. W. C.
Rucker, executive officer of the U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital
Service, has sent me many vials of fleas taken from rats and humans.
These were mostly collected by the small army of rat catchers in the
different sections of the city. A summary of all these sendings shows 619
specimens of Ceratophyllus fasciatus, 163 specimens of Pulex irritans, 56
Ctenopsyllus musculi, 9 Ctenocephalus canis, and 139 Loemopsylla cheopis
from rats, and 668 Pulex irritans and 2 Ceratophyl/us fasciatus from
human hosts.. _

From February to May, Dr. Snow, of Stanford University, had a
man catching rats and mice on the campus in order to determine whether
any showed symptoms of plague.

From the rats were taken 174 specimens of Ceratophyllus fasciatus,
62 Ctenopsyllus musculi, and 8 Hoplopsyllus anomalus, Baker ; from the
mice, 26 Ceratophyllus fasciatus and 14 Ctenopsyllus muscult.

On examining a number of dead rats in San Jose, that had been
brought in for the bounty, I found, on March 14, 7 specimens of Loemop-
sylla cheopis. Only this one lot of rats was examined there.

August, 1908

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Summarizing all these lots, we have : -

On rats (Mus norvegicus )— On humans—

Ceratophyllus fasciatus ....... 0603" Pulex ‘Irfitans 725s ee

bmlexereritans ¢ ot... ~- Sete 163. »-Ceratophyllus-fasciatus:.... yeas eee

Loemopsylla cheopis......... 139. <Ceratophyllus spey3 cee

Ctenopsyllus musculi......... 118 On mice (MZus musculus )-—

Hoplopsyllus anomalus..... ++ 8 Ceratophyllus fasciatus....... 25

Ctenocephalus canis ........ 29 saCtenopsylius musculra) 2 rue
Loemopsylla. cheopis! {a5.., ame

On mice (MWicrotus californicus )
Ceratophyllus fasciatus...... By aoe

A study of these records shows that Loemopsylla cheopis, which is
known as the plague flea in countries where the disease is epidemic, is
well established in San Francisco, and is spreading to other near-by cities.
Doubtless a search would reveal it in many localities. It is interesting,
too, to note that out of the 672 fleas taken from human beings, some of
them patients who were sick or had died of the plague, from attendants
in the hospitals, and from men engaged in catching the rats, not a single
Loemopsylla cheopis was found. On the other hand, Pulex irritans,
which is the most common human flea, has been found quite abundantly —
on rats. One sending from Dr. Rucker contained 81 specimens of P.
irritans and no other species. These were collected from 18 rats taken
in houses and sewers in one of the infested districts. It will be noted,
too, that C. fasciatus, the most common rat flea, was in two instances
taken from human beings.

The records from Stanford University show that C. fasccatus was
more common on mice than Crenopsyl/us muscult, the latter being quite
common on the rats,

The eight specimens which seem to be identical with Baker’s
Floplopsyllus anomalus, which was originally described from a Spermophile
in Southern Colorado, are interesting in that they seem to show a possible

connection between the rats and the squirrels. Dr. Blue has often stated
that should the plague ever become endemic here it would probably
spread from the rats to the ground squirrels, thus making it much more
difficult to stamp out.

The single specimen of Ceratophyllus fasciatus also shows the
possibility of the spread of the plague to the native rats and mice.

Mailed August 4th, 1908.

The Fanatiay Entomologist

VoL. XL. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1908. No. 9.

THREE NEW NORTH AMERICAN PHL@OTHRIPID:.
BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, OFFICE OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, URBANA, ILL.

In a collection of Zhysanoptera, kindly sent me for determination by
Prof. H. A. Surface, Economic Zoologist of Pennsylvania, I find three new
species, described below. ‘Type specimens are in the writer’s collection,
and in the collection of the Pennsylvania State Department of Agriculture.

PHYLLOTHRIPS, gen. nov.
(pvdXrov, leaf; Opi, thrips.)

Head about 1% times as long as wide, subcylindrical, broadest
across eyes, narrowed posteriorly. Eyes large, finely faceted, bulging.
Vertex elevated, prolonged, overhanging insertion of antennz, and _bear-
ing the anterior ocellus at its extremity. Mouth cone subacute, reaching
about four-fifths across prosternum. Prothorax about halfas long as head.
Legs slender; fore femora not enlarged ; fore tarsi unarmed in both
sexes. Abdomen slender. Male with a scale at base of tube.

Type.—Phyllothrips citricornis, sp. nov.

This genus is erected for the reception of P. cétricornis, sp. nov., and
Cryptothrips aspersus, Hinds. It is close to
Liothrips, Uzel, differing from it in the pro-
duced vertex, overhanging ocellus, bulging
eyes, and longer head. ;
Phyllothrips citricornis, sp. nov. (Fig. 15.)*

Femave.—Similar in general appearance to
P. aspersus (Hinds), from which it may be dis-
tinguished as follows :

a. Antenne rather stout ; segments 5, 6 and 7
slightly more than one-half as wide as
long; segments 1: and 2 nearly con-
colorous with body; segment 3 pale
yellow ; rest of antenna shading to dark brown at tip, excepting
bases of segments 4 and 5, whichare yellowish. Prothoracic spines
small, inconspicuous; mid-laterals wanting .. P. aspersus (Hinds).

Fic, 15.—Phyllothrips citricornis

*In the figures all membranous portions are stippled.

306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

a

aa. Antenne more slender; segments 5, 6 and 7 slightly less than two-fifths
as wide as long ; segments 1 and 2 neatly concolorous with body ;
segment 3 pale yellow; segments 4 to 8 bright lemon-yellow. Pro-
thoracic spines large, rather prominent ; mid-laterals present, fully
as long as anterior marginals .............£. citricornis, sp. nov.

The measurements of the female of this species are as follows:
Total length, 2.27 mm. (2.08 to 246 mm); head, length, .32 mm.;
width, .21 mm.; prothorax, length .16 mm.; width (including coxe) .37
mm.; pterothorax, width, .¢2 mm.; abdomen, width, .48 mm.; tube,
length, .22 mm.; width at base, .o78 mm ; at apex, .o43 mm. Antenne:
1,42@; 2, 64@3 3, 115M; 4, 10945; 5, 924; 6, 874; 7, Jom; 8, 4rp.
Total, .620.:mm:

Described from several
macropterous females from
the following localities :
Illinois— Dubois, Duquoin,
Odin, Pulaski, on hickory
leaves’ (L: Me Smite
Pennsylvania—- Harrisburg,
Rockville, ‘‘on wild grape.”
The dates range from
April 28 to July 16.
Megalothrips (2) spinosus,

sp. nov. (Figs. 16

and 17.)

Female.—Length about
4mm. Colour nearly uni-
form black, excepting
tarsi, which are dark black-
ish-brown.

Head slightly more than
twice as long as_ wide,
broadly rounded in
front, sides subparallel ;
dorsal and lateral surfaces finely transversely striate, sparsely and briefly
spinose ; anterior portion of head with two pairs of prominent, pointed
bristles in addition to the postocular, a shorter pair with their bases
slightly behind the posterior ocelli, and a longer pair equal in length to

X67

Fic. 16.—Megalothrips (?) spinosus,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307

the postocular, with their bases midway between the anterior ocellus and
each posterior one. Eyes moderately large, not prominent, scarcely
protruding. Ocelli brownish-yellow, anterior ocellus slightly overhanging ;
posterior ocelli contiguous to light inner borders of eyes, their diameter
almost three times that of the facets. Antenne eight-segmented; segments
3-6 clavate; 7 and 8 fusiform ; sense-cones long, slender, transparent.
Mouth-cone reaching nearly to base of prosternum, short, broadly rounded;
labium surpassing labrum by the-length of the basal segment of the
maxillary palpus. .

Prothorax three-fifths as long as width of head, and (including cox)
about three times as wide as long; surface finely striate ;.
usuai spines all present, slender, pointed, the pair at the
posterior angles much the longest; mid-literals very small.
Pterothorax large, rectangular, two-thirds as long as wide.
Wings long, reaching about to base of ninth abdominal seg-
ment. Anterior femora and tibize set with a number of long
bristles ; anterior tarsus armed with a blunt tooth.

Abdomen moderately stout, equal in width to pterothorax,
widest at segment 4, from which it tapers evenly to tube.
Tube slightly shorter than head, slender, and of nearly equal a
diameter throughout, excepting base, which is_ slightly — spinosus,
expanded, and apex, which is slightly constricted; surface spinose.

Measurements: Total length, 4.00 mm.; head, length, .64-.74 mm.;
width, .30 mm.; prothorax, length .18 mm_., width (including coxz) .56 mm.;
pterothorax, width, .67 mm.; abdomen, width, .74 mm.; tube, length
.62 mm., width at base .13 mm, at apex..o7. Antennz: 1, 76p ; 2,
95/3 3, 18543 4, 160m; 5, 150m; 6, 122453 7, 654; 8, 76m. Total,
.83 mm.

Described from two macropterous females taken at Harrisburg, Pa,
March ro, ‘‘in burrows of Lepidopterous or Coleopterous larva in dead
willow stem.”

Although this species is apparently closely related to JZ. bonannii,
Uzel, its generic position is uncertain until the male is known.

-

Cryptothrips rectangularis, sp. nov. (Figs. 18 and 19.)

Fema/e.— Length about 2.7 mm. Colour nearly uniform. black,
excepting tarsi and third antennal segment, which are more or less
blackish-brown.

Head rectangular, about one and one-third times as long as wide,
sides parallel; literal and dorsal surfaces faintly reticulate, sparsely and

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

briefly spinose ; vertex transverse; postocular spines present, pointed.
Eyes moderately large, not protruding, occupying the anterior angles of
head. Ocelli small, about equal in size to facets of eyes; anterior ocellus
not overhanging ; posterior ocelli opposite centres of eyes, slightly
separated from their inner margins. Antenne eight-segmented, general
colour black ; segment 2 paler at apex ; segment 3 with two transverse
brownish-yellow bands, one at base, the
other at middle; segments 3-6 sub-
clavate ; segment 7 oblong, pedicellate ;
segment 8 small, fusiform. Mouth-cone
slightly wider than long, reaching about
four-fifths across prosternum, apex
broadly rounded.

Prothorax about three-fourths as long
as width of head, and (including coxz)
slightly more than twice as wide as long ;
usual spines all present, the two pairs
near the posterior angles much the
longest ; anterior marginals very small.
Pterothorax almost twice as wide as long,
slightly wider than prothorax ; sides
subparallel. Wings lacking. Legs
nearly concolorous with body, tarsi somewhat lighter; anterior tarsus
unarmed. |

Abdomen moderately stout, about one and one-half times as broad as
pterothorax, widest at about segment 3, from which it tapers evenly to
segment 6, and then rather abruptly to base of tube. Tube
slightly less than three-fourths as long as head, tapering almost
evenly from base to apex ; surface not spinose.

Fic, 18.—Cryptothrips rectangularis,

Measurements: ‘Total length, 2.74 mm.; head, length,
37 mm.; width, .26 mm.; prothorax, length, .20 mm ; width
{including coxee), .42 mm.; pterothorax, width, .46 mm.;
abdomen, width, .64 mm.; tube, length, .26 mm.; width at
base, .10 mm.; at d4pex, .o5 mm... Antenne: 1, 61M 5-2,°935 mie sg oe
3,98; 4, 90h; 5,874; 6,7823 7, 5543 8, 422. Tord. cS mnie. eee

Male.—Smaller than female (total length about 1.83 mm). Anterior
femur slightly swollen ; fore tarsus armed with a stout tooth. Tube twice
as long as its greatest basal width, and two-thirds the length of head,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

narrowing rather rapidly in its basal third, and then tapering evenly to
apex ; surface scarcely visibly spinose.

Described from four wingless individuals collected as follows:
Illinois— Urbana, May 12, 2 and ¢, under dead bark on peach tree (J.
D. H.); Urbana, April, ¢, reared from nymph taken on willow tree (J.
J. Davis). Pennsylvania—Harrisburg, March 10, 9, “in burrow of
Lepidopterous or Coleopterous larva in dead willow stem.”

This species is very close to C. carbonarius, Hood, but differs from
that species in being much smaller, in lacking the two pairs of prominent
bristles in the region of the ocelli, and in the shape of the tube. The
prothoracic sclerites differ in size and shape in the two species, and the
prothoracic spines do not exactly correspond.

NOTES ON MOSQUITO WORK.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR AND FREDERICK KNAB, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In using the recent literature on mosquitoes, several points have been
noted which it seems worth while to record, in order, if possible, to arrest
certain errors that have crept into the subject and are being perpetuated.
One author copies from another (usually without credit) until the original
error becomes almost a classic fact. We wish, therefore, to emphazize
these corrections as much as possible in order to counteract this tendency.
Some of these errors refer to characters that have been considered of
fundamental value in classification, and it is important that they should
be pointed out, even if the system_of classification now in vogue be not
adhered to. They further illustrate the weakness of this system, which we
have on several other occasions attacked.

The mosquitoes have suffered in their classification from the fact that
the earliest generic separations were made upon the relative lengths of the
palpi in the sexes. This is a secondary sexual character, as we have
pointed out. Nor have the systematists who have used the palpi in classifi-
cation madé any study of their actual structure, except Neveu-Lemaire,
whose results were obtained upon the study of too small material, and
when extended show only intergradation. Now, while the separation of
these genera on such characters may have been allowable (for even yet
many systematists found genera on secondary sexual characters), their
elevation to higher groups and subfamilies, as has been done by Theobald

and his followers, is indefensible. We are unaware of any other case
September, 1908

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS1.

where authors have presumed to found subfamilies on secondary sexual
characters in normal bisexual animals. Furthermore, the system becomes
beset with difficulties when one is confronted with a considerable series of
species and attempts their classification on these lines. As the characters
have really no fundamental importance whatever, it is not surprising to
find that they tend to insensibly intergrade. Again, the relative length of
the palpi to the proboscis depends in large part upon the length of the
proboscis itself, a very variable character, and one of doubtful generic
value, which has been wholly ignored in this connection. Dr, Lutz, in an
attempt at a concise classification, in drawing the lines between his
Metanototriche-Heteropalpze and Métanototrichz Isomicropalpex, has
been forced to use such distinctions as “ ¢ paipi one-third as long as
the proboscis (Goeldia); S$ palpi a little longer than in the Q
(Sabethinus).” Genera in which the males are unknown are placed on
assumption, and happen to have been generally placed wrongly.
Sabethoides, for example, which he places in the Isomicropalpe, has long
palpi in the male. In genera of homogenous structure and coloration, the
length of the male palpi varies in different species. For example, in
Hemagogus equinus, Theob., the male palpi are long, while in several
other members of the genus they are short like those of the female. To
add to the confusion, Peryassui states that the male palpi of Stegoconops
are long. He includes two species in this genus, but gives no description
of the male of either. One of these species (/ewcomelas, Lutz) we have
identified as a species of 4#des (as we understand that genus). We do
not know the male, but suspect that it has long palpi. The other species
included in Stegoconops (capricorni, Lutz) is the one upon which the genus
was founded. We have identified this as a species of Hemagogus, the
female agreeing with the original description in every respect, but the male
palpi are short, like those of the female. Finally, it generally happens
that specimens received for identification are females, and such are
entirely unplaceable on the ‘“ system.” As admitted by Theobald
himself when he says, ‘‘ but unless both sexes are seen, it is quite impos-
sible to place any Cudicid in any of the sections into which the family is
divided.” (Mon. Culic., iv., 122, 1907.) We are aware of instances
where the work of enthusiastic students has been completely arrested from
their inability to make any headway in classifying their material, since
they could never determine to what genera their specimens should be
referred.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ort

The practice has become prevalent of erecting genera not only on
trivial characters, but hastily and without proper comparison of allied
forms. For example, Ste¢homyia, Theobald, a genus of Anophelines, has
been founded upon the so-called mammillated prothoracic lobes. We
have received authentic specimens of this species through the kindness of
Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, and find that, firstly, Theobald’s picture gives an
altogether exaggerated idea of the structure, while, secondly, the same
structure occurs in all the other species of Anopheles that we have
examined.

The scales on the metanotum are another character which has given
rise to error. The subfamily Trichoprosoponina has been founded upon
the presence of scales together with sete on the metanotum. ‘The genus
Sadethes (sensu Theobaldi), however, which has the metanotum densely
covered with scales in all the species which we have examined, is excluded.
The presence or absence of scales is of no fundamental importance; their
value is far less than that of the sete. Practically their use is confusing,
since in indifferent specimens they may be entirely rubbed off, leaving no
trace, and causing the student to misidentify his material, if not to actually
found a new genus.

We have elsewhere called attention to the fact that the so-called
ciliate legs do not form a tangible character for generic separation. In
the forms of Janthinosoma we find all degrees of intergradation between
strongly ‘“‘ciliate” hind legs and those with the vestiture smooth. A
similar condition obtains in the species of Psorophora. Even more
striking cases may be found in the group Sabethini; the genus
Lesticocampa includes species with strongly “ciliate” legs, and with
perfectly normal ores. The genus 7Z77choprosopon, Theob., was founded
upon the species wzvipes, Theob., in which the legs are not “ciliate ”;
Dr. Lutz has described a species from Brazil (sp/lendens) with strongly
“ciliate” legs, but has wisely refrained from proposing a new generic
term.

Another character made use of by Theobald in his recent work
proves to be untenable for generic separation. We refer to the so-called
spiny front margin of the wings. ‘This consists of a series of more or less
spine-like scales inserted on the front margin of the wing. These may be
more or less conspicuous, not only from differences in development, but
according to the degree in which these scales are overlapped by the other

a5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

normally-shaped scales. At all events, it offers nothing tangible or
definable, being present more or less in all species.

The incorrect use of the term metatarsus has been corrected by Mr.
Theobald in his latest volume, but, unfortunately, not uniformly so, so
that the reader is often at a loss to know to which joint a certain number
refers, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of this already too much
involved subject.

We regret to be obliged to call attention to an important error in the
otherwise excellent work of Dr. Goeldi. ‘That author figures the eggs of
Mansonia tititlans from photographs. This constitutes the only reference
published to the life-history of this interesting species, and is the only
contribution to the life-history of it or its allies. Dr. Goeldi’s observa-
tions have been widely quoted, and it is generally supposed, in
consequence, that A/ansonia eggs are of fusiform shape and deposited
singly. It is, however, clearly to be seen from the figures of the adult on
Dr. Goeldi’s plate, that the species he had under observation could not
have been a AZansonia, owing to the long tapering extensile abdomen
there clearly shown, characteristic of des (sensu nostrum), while the
abdomen of A/ansonza titi//ans is blunt and non-extensile. This type of
egg is also characteristic of des, and leaves the early history of
Mansonia entirely unknown. We have reason to suspect that the larve
of this group, when known, will be found generally similar to those of
Tentorhynchus (sensu Theobald: ), that is, they probably feed permanently
in mud at the bottom of swamps, attached to air-bearing roots, and the
eggs are probably laid in a boat-shaped mass.

Finally, we must notice Anopheles perplexens, Ludlow, recently
described as from Pennsylvania. We decline to recognize this as an
American species, since it is unreasonable to suppose such a form would
have remained undiscovered, whereas the chance of its being of foreign
origin is probable. The North American species of Anophelines are few
and of generally wide distribution, whereas those of the Philippines are
many, nor are the species there at all well known, nor their range of
variation properly studied. Miss Ludlow receives frequent consignments
of mosquitoes from the army surgeons, not only in the United States, but
more frequently from the Philippines. Her method of keeping them in
uniform pill-boxes, loose in cotton, with the data written upon the covers, -
lends itself easily to error, from the facility with which covers might be
accidentally transposed without the change being suspected.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ato

NOTES ON THE PTEROPHORIDA OR PLUME-MOTHS OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES.

BY FORDYCE GRINNELL, JR., PASADENA, CALIF.

Lord Walsingham’s paper, “Pterophoride of California and Oregon,”
published in London, England, in 1880, is the first to describe or record
any Plume-moths from California. It is devoted to those collected by the
author in a journey through California and Oregon in 1871 and 1872.
This was, and js, a notable contribution to Californian lepidopterology, and
will hold its place in the future as a classic in the study of this interesting
group of moths. Its descriptions are excellent, and its three plates well
executed. Zeller in 1874 published a paper called ‘‘ Lepidoptera der -
Westkiiste Amerika’s,” in which he describes Lesopti/us Mathewianus
from Vancouver Island. Charles Fish was the next person to describe
any Plume-moths from California ; this he did in a paper published in the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1n 1881, the specimens being mostly collected
by Baron in Mendocino County. Since this last paper nothing has been
recorded or described concerning these moths from California, except one
species in Dyat’s “List of North American Lepidoptera,” 1902; this last
work is important, as giving the synonymy and range of each species.
Fernald, in 1898, published his valuable “Pterophoridz of North America,” -
reviewing the structure and literature, and describing all the species and
genera with keys, and adding a few species from California without
definite Jocalities ; this is the most important work on the Pterophoridz
of North America, and in the matter of genera and arrangement I follow
it closely in the present paper.

It is seen that no species of Plume-moths have been definitely
reported from Southern California ; but the present paper shows them to
be not at all rare, and that we have a good fauna, as we have of every-
thing else. Doubtless many more species will be discovered with search
and study.

Most of the material for this paper was collected at the headwaters of
the Santa Ana River, in the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern
California, by Prof. Joseph Grinnell, during the summer of 1907 ; and it
shows the number of species to be taken in a rather small circumscribed
area. <A few species have been taken at San Diego by Mr. Wm.S. Wright,
to whom I am indebted for sending them to me. Mr. Francis X. Williams
has collected two new species near San Francisco, and raised them from
the larve. A few have been collected at Pasadena and Stanford Univer-

sity by the writer.
September, 1908

814 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Trichoptilus Wrightit, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Head
and thorax cinnamon-rufous ; antenne brownish-black, barred with white
hairs ; palpi cinnamon, tipped with white, and with long hairs underneath.
Eyes dark brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen cinnamon-rufous, whitish under-
neath ; legs of the prevailing colour, spurs white, brown at base and at
tip. Fore wings: cinnamon-rufous, with a tinge of orange towards the
base of wings. Wings long, slender and narrow, giving the insect a
delicate appearance. A light brown band crosses the outer third of the
first lobe, between this and apex there is a darker patch, and in the apex
there is a long, narrow, white patch resting on the costa, below which is
a black streak in the fringe of the inner margin ; the second lobe has a
small, white spot in the anal angle, within which the fringe of long hairs
is black. The feathers of the hind wings are of the general colour, as
noted above, with the fringes darker and with a few black hairs inter-
mixed ; the third feather has the usual cluster of black scales towards the
outer half.

Habitat: San Diego, Calif., Oct. 13, 1907; collected by Mr. Wm.
S. Wright, in honour of whom this interesting species is named. There
are five specimens in my collection, collected on the above date, two of
which are types. |

Oxyptilus Bernardinus, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 18-22 mm.
General colour of head, thorax, abdomen, legs and wings light mummy-
brown (Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colours) ; antenne narrowly-ringed.
with white throughout, the enlarged first joint conspicuously so; palpi
largely white, with long fringes of white hairs on the segments.

Fore wings fissured to the middle; general colour mummy-brown,
white as follows: Two oblique stripes on the outer end of the first lobe,
the outer stripe narrow, the inner one at least twice as broad; a narrow
white bar at end of fissure, reaching half way towards costa ; the second
lobe of a general, uniform colour, the anal angle very pronounced, white,
producing the effect of an excavation, a few white scales along inner
margin ; under side much the same as upper, with white fringe of second
lobe more pronounced. Hind wings general colour of fore wings, slightly
darker ; third lobe with a large cluster of black scales towards the apex,
the fringe between the cluster and base whitish ; hairs of fringes slightly
blackish, The legs are mummy-brown, conspicuously barred with white.
The spurs are brown on the under side, white above, long. Thorax and
abdomen mummy-brown, sprinkled lightly with white hairs; base of
thorax conspicuously white ; abdomen with narrow white stripes between
the segments.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315

Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, San Bernardino Mts.,
Calif., 6,200 ft. altitude, June 27 and 28, tgo7; described from five
specinens, two of which are types in the author’s collection.

This species is related to O. mngoris, Wism., from Northern Cali-
fornia and Southern Oregon.

There is a single specimen from the Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft.
altitude, Aug. 8, 1907. Expanse, 20 mm. eneral colour russet, thus
being very much lighter than Bernardinus ; the white stripes on the first
lobe of the fore wings are very indistinct, the outermost almost obliterated;
the white bar at the fissure scarely perceptible. A few black hairs on the
fringe of the second lobe. The feathers of the hind wing are as dark, or
nearly so, as Bernardinus. ‘The thorax and abdomen russet ; the white
patch at base of thorax very conspicuous. I consider this specimen to
be either a seasonal or altitudinal form, or probably both (note the date
and altitude above). I propose to call this form fiait/mus, n. form.

Platyptilia Williamsti, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 20.5 mm.
Antenne, palpi and head, wood-brown ; thorax and abdomen wood-brown,
conspicuously marked with hoary scales or hairs, especially dorsally, where
it is quite white. Legs white, with conspicuous black bars ; spurs white
and of equal length.

Fore wings are generally fawn-colour, with traces of wood-brown and
russet. Fringes light brown. First lobe: The outer third consists of a
cinereous band, within this a wood-brown band, broader than the first band;
within this is a dark mummy-brown triangular patch, the point resting on
the end of the fissure, the costal side and side parallel with the outer

margin, longest. A costal light mummy-brown streak extending half way
to base. The outer cinereous band (marginal) continuous with that on first
lobe ; a line of black dots within the fringe of the inner side, the outer-
most small and isolated, the second longer. Rest of lobe of general
uniform colour. The whole wing covered with glistening whitish scales.
Hind wings of an even, pale fawn colour. The black scales along the
fringe of third feather to more than half the distance from base to apex,
numerous and crowded. Under side with a black outér margin ; a white
line on the outer side of the cinereous band, which is much paler above,
more Cinereous ; a white dash on the costa above the fissure ; a black spot
at end of fissure.

Habitat: Lake Merced, San Mateo Co., Calif., May 31, 1907, F.
X. Williams. Raised from larva found in head of a composite flower.
Named in honour of my friend and fellow-collector, Mr. Francis Xavier
Williams, of San Francisco.

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This species is related to albidorsella, grandis and Cooleyz, from
which it can be separated by its darker colour and smaller size.
Type: *1 ¢, in the author’s collection.

Platyptilia monticola, n. sp.—Expands, 18-21 mm. MHead and
thorax fawn-colour ; antenne of an even colour, somewhat darker ; abdo-
men a dark fawn-colour, with patches of hoary scales on the sides and
dorsum and on the caudal end of the thorax. Legs light fawn-colour,
spurs and adjacent parts of legs brownish, tips of spurs lighter.

Fore wings: Fawn-colour and sa!mon-buff. A dark triangular patch
at end of fissure, resting on costa and apex reaching into second lobe,
beyond the end of fissure ; the outer side of triangle concave ; between
the triangle and the outer side is a dark patch extending between the two
margins, repeated on the second lobe; on the outer side of this patch is a
distinct, white line. The rest of the fore wing is fawn-colour, more or less
mixed with black and hoary scales, except for a very conspicuous patch
of black scales on the inner margin of second lobe, three-fourths of the
distance from the base, and more or less triangular in outline. Fringes
white. Feathers of hind wings very dark fawn-colour, scattered over with
many darker scales and a few hoary ones. A few black scales towards
the base of hind margin of the third feather, reaching in some specimens
to a little beyond the middle of the feather.

Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, June 26
and July 1, 1907, J. Grinnell.

“

Types: Four examples in the collection of the author.

flatyptilia hesperis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 26mm. Head and
thorax ochraceous to ochraceous-buff; eyes dark brown; antenne light
ochraceous-buff or buff, with a few lighter coloured hairs along the upper
side ; the abdomen, cephalad, is the same colour as adjacent parts of body,
caudad it is mummy-brown to Prout’s-brown, slightly lighter beneath and
at the tip.

Fore wings: General colour varying from ochraceous-buff to
ochraceous, and tawny-ochraceous in some lights, and clay-colour includ-
ing the hind wings. A large, triangular patch of mummy- or Prout’s-brown
resting on the costa, one-third of the way from the base, the tip reaching
to beyond the end of the fissure, not quite touching, a short distance,
nearly half way into the second lobe ; basally, the wing is ochraceous-buff ;
the part beyond the triangle has a central patch of ochraceous, edged with
buff bands; next to the inner buff band, which is narrower, is a band of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SLT.

ochraceous, followed by a marginal band of mummy-brown ; the markings
of the first continued on the second lobe ; fringes white ; the fringe of the
inner margin of the second lobe has two patches of black scales, the basai
one largest ; anal angle of the second lobe is mummy-brown, less so on
the first lobe ; the apex of the first lobe is produced, pointed. Hind
wings are entirely clay-colour, fringes slightly lighter; third feather with
black scales along the fringe, especially towards the base, the largest patch
in the centre and somewhat triangular. Legs barred with mummy-brown
and white, the basal part white ; spurs white.

Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, June 26,
28, and July 1, and Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, Aug. 3, 1907; San
Bernardino Mountains, Calif., J. Grinnell. Described from five specimens,
two of which are types in the author’s collection.

Platyptilia Pasadenensis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 18 mm. Head
and thorax light brown ; antenne darker, spotted on the upper side with a
lighter colour ; abdomen hair-brown, lighter beneath, and with patches of
white scales, two large patches of white scales just below and slightly
behind the wings ; on sides of the thorax slightly spotted with white ; legs
dark brown, barred with white; spurs pale, outer two-thirds dark brown.

Fore wings: General colour hair-brown to olive and seal-brown ;
the darkest is a triangular patch, resting on the costa, above the fissure,
not quite reaching the fissure ; the space between the triangular patch and.
outer margin is more or less hoary, but much streaked and spotted with:
black ; a narrow, fimbriate, obscure black line extends from the outer endi
of the triangle along the costa to within the fringes, thence to fissure;
fading out on the second lobe. The wing within the triangular patch to
base is darker than the outer half, and spotted with darker scales ; another
blackish triangular patch rests on the costa at end of fissure, the longest
side within; a black quadrangular patch on second lobe, below the
fissure ; the space between the two patches is light brown. Hind wings
are the same colour as fore wings, with the usual black scales along the
fringe of the third feather.

Habitat: Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif.; collected by the author,
July 16, 1906.

Type: 1 ¢ in the author’s collection.

Pterophorus baccharides, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 30-36 mm.
Antenne and palpi whitish or clay-colour; rest of head ochraceous ;
thorax and abdomen buff ; legs buff.

318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fore wings an even ochraceous-buff, inclining to light ochraceous
along the costa, especially basally. Fringes darker than the adjoining
parts of the wing. Colour glistening under a lens ; the fissure occupies
about one-third of the wing. Lobes of hind wing very light buff, with a
silky lustre; fringes darker, The under side of all wings decidedly
lighter than upper side, with a less silky appearance, a duller lustre, but
bright.

Habitat: San Francisco, Calif, Sept. 7, 1907, Francis X. Williams.
Raised from larve living in Baccharis pilularis, D. C.

Ary pes: x kt 2 in the author’s collection.

Fterophorus Gorgoniensis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 23-26 mm.
Head and palpi grayish-white ; antenne grayish, distinctly annulated with
black. Eyes blackish. Thorax and abdomen grayish-white ; legs entirely
erayish-white, spurs tipped with black.

General colour of wings buff to pinkish-buff, mixed with corse
grayish and black scales ; a delicate, brownish-metallic lustre underties
the general colour of fore wings ; there is a black dash on the costa above
the end of the fissure, and two black dots between this and apex, indistinct;
a black dot in the anal angle of the first lobe; fringes white, intermixed
with a few black hairs ; a small black, triangular spot at the end of the
fissure. Hind wings even, shining, brownish, with a slight silky lustre ;
fringes concolorous.

Habitat: Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, San Bernardino Mts,
Calif. (J. Grinnell), Aug. 4, 8, 1907. There is a single specimen from ae
same locality, July 29, 1907, which differs in being much more brown over
the whole surface, the black markings more conspicuous, and the tri-
angular patch at the end of the fissure much larger.

Pterophorus subochraceus australis, n. subsp.—Expanse of wings,
28-30 mm. Resembles sudbochraceus, Wism., except that the general
colour is cream-buff, even, with no other markings, except the abdomen,
which is brownish above and below. ‘There is no ferruginous shade on
the fore wings, nor the cilia brownish, as described for subochraceus by
Walsingham. .

Habitat: Santa Ana River, San Bernardino Mts, 5,500 ft. altitude,
July 23, 26, 29, and Aug, 13, 1907, J. Grinnell. Six specimens.

My six specimens are all constant, and I think the differences warrant
giving it a distinct name. ‘These little moths are very restricted in time
and place of appearance, and their limited powers of flight render them

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

restricted to certain localities. We should thus study them closely to
observe the differences, and so arrive at a conclusion in regard to their
origin and distribution.

Pterophorus Behrii, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 26-30 mm. Antenne
grayish or whitish, conspicuously barred with black rings the whole length ;
eyes brownish ; head and palpi grayish, tip of palpi black ; thorax and
abdomen grayish; legs gray, conspicuously barred with black at the
joints ; spurs white.

Fore wings: General colour grayish, but much streaked and blotched
with black and white or grayish. Three black blotches on the costa of
the outer haif of the first lobe ; a white, orbicular blotch at end of fissure,
followed inwardly by a black dash, which is somewhat long-triangular in
outline ; a black dash on the outer third of the first lobe, next to the
fissure ; on the second lobe there is a black dash in the apex and one in
the inner margin; the rest of the wing is grayish, conspicuously dotted
with black ; there is a round, white, black spot on the inner side, one-third
the distance from base, and a white dash on the costa of the first lobe.
Fringes fuscous, marked or streaked with white. Hind wings fawn-colour,
shining, fringes concolorous, long.

Habitat: Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, July 26, Aug. 3, 1907,
San Bernardino Mts., Calif, J. Grinnell. Six specimens, two of which are
types, in the author’s collection.

A very pretty species allied to grzsescens, Wism., and aretidactylus,
Fitch. Dedicated to the memory of Hans Herman Behr.

Pterophorus Cataline, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 28 mm. Head and
thorax and palpi cream-buff ; antennz cream-buff, darker at the tip ; eyes
dark brown or black ; abdomen cream-buff, brownish dorsally ; legs and
spurs white.

General colour of wings cream-buff to olive-buff; first lobe of fore
wings entirely clear olive-buff, except the fringes, which are lighter and
comparatively long ; the second lobe is cream-buff, slightly tinged with
olive at the base; fringes very long, somewhat lighter, especially on the
outer half of the wing at anal angle. Hind wings pale ecru-drab, shining,
fringes concolorous ; fringe very long, especially along the inner side of
the third feather.

Habitat: Avalon, Santa Catalina Id., Calif, Sept. 6, 1907, collected
by Mr. Victor L. Clemence. Described from one specimen in the
author’s collection.

320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMULOGIST.

This is a very distinct and peculiar-looking species, the pronounced
curve to the first lobe of the fore wings, and the general slender aspect,
render it easily recognizable and distinct. It is interesting as coming
from an island.

Pterophorus Hilda, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 23 mm. Head and
antennz pinkish-buff; antennz annulated with black ; eyes black ; thorax
and abdomen pinkish-buff or cream-buff.

General colour of wings varying from pinkish-buff, cream-buff to
olive-buff ; there isa black dash at end of fissure, but not touching it,
somewhat crescent-shaped; a delicate shade (white) extends from here to
the costa, slightly diagonally, where there is another dark brownish dash
resting on the costa lengthwise ; there are indications of two or three more
spots between this and apex, obscure; there is a delicate white shade
along the costa of the first lobe, and in the apex is a larger one, with a
white line extending from this to the anal angle ; the second lobe is of the
same general shade of colour, but is more largely intermixed with a white
shade, which in the outer half (in one specimen) is resolved into three
bands. Fringes white, mixed with black hairs. Hind wings of an even,
shining pinkish-buff ; fringes long, concolorous ; legs white.

Habitat: Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, July 27 and 31, 1907, J.
Grinnell. San Bernardino Mountains, Calif., July.13, 14, and Aug. 3.
Five specimens, of which two are types in the author’s collection.

Named after Hilda Wood Grinnell, who took so much interest in the
Lepidoptera of the San Bernardino Mountains.

FPterophorus pictipennis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head
and antenne cream-buff; eyes black; rear of head, thorax and abdomen
ochraceous-buff; legs whitish, barred with ochraceous-buff.

General colour of fore wings ochraceous-buff, with on admixture of
salmon-buff ; a black dash at base of fissure ; four or five small black dots
in angle of second lobe, and several along the inner margin, not reaching
the base; fringes darker than the rest of the wing. Hind wings salmon-
buff, with shining scales and silky lustre; fringes of all the feathers very
long, opaque, concolorous. Legs salmon-buff and ochraceous-buff, spurs
white on the basal half, the upper part white.

Habitat: South Fork of the Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, San
Bernardino Mts., Calif., June 29, 1907; Jf. Grinnell.

Type in the author’s collection.

Another specimen which is not quite typical is placed here pro-
visionally ; it is from the Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, July 26, 1907.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 52)

It is less bright in its coloration, the first lobe being a grayish-brown to
the base of the wing.

Stenoptilia Coloradensis, Fernald.—Fernald, Pterophoride of North
America, p. 61, 1898. (Four examples from Colorado.)

I have seventeen specimens in my collection from Santa Ana River,
5,500 ft. altitude, July and August, 1907, and South Fork, 6,200 ft. alt.,
June 19, 25, 1907, in the San Bernardino Mts., Calif; J. Grinnell. Not
previously reported from any locality, except the type locality.

Stenoptilia Californica, n, sp.—Expanse of wings, 28 mm. General
colour buff to ochraceous-buff. Head, palpi and antenne of an even buff.

Fore wing with a heavy, comparatively large, tawny dash at the base
of fissure, barely touching the fissure, extending to the costa in a broad,
diagonal, somewhat lighter shade; this band directed costo-apically ; the
costal end of the band is a very heavy tawny dash. The rest of the wing
an even general colour, buff-ochraceous, except the apex of the first lobe,
which is somewhat darker. The hind wings are an even colour, but lighter
than the fore wings, of a silky lustre; fringes concolorous. Under side
similar to the upper, but lacking the dash and streak on the first lobe of fore
wings. Thorax and abdomen the same colour as adjacent parts of the wings.

Habitat: Santa Ana River, 5,500 ft. altitude, Aug. 2,18, 29 ; South
Fork, 6,200 ft. altitude, July 10, 1907, San Bernardino Mts., by J. Grinnell,
and Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif., Aug. 24, 1907, collected by the
author. <A very beautiful species. |

Stenoptilia Gorgoniensis, n. sp.—Expanse of wings, 24-26mm. Head
and palpi light salmon-buff; antennez darker, inclining to cinnamon-rufous.

General colour of wings salmon-buff, darkest toward the costa ; this
colour is fairly even over the fore wings, except that the costal region,
especially basally, is very much darker; the fringes are lighter, and there
is a darker, fimbriate, marginal line, inconspicuous ; a conspicuous, dark
brown dash, basad of the fissure, and somewhat below it ; there is a small,
black dot in the anal angle of the second lobe. The hind wings are prac-
tically of the same even colour as the fore wings, and also the fringes, with
a silky lustre. The under side is somewhat lighter, slightly suffused with
grayish scales, and lacks the black dash on the fore wings. Thorax and
abdomen light salmon-buff ; legs and spurs grayish-white.

Habitat: South Fork, Santa Ana River, 6,200 ft. altitude, San
Bernardino Mts., Calif, J. Grinnell, July 4, 1907. Described from two
examples, taken within the San Gorgonio quadrangle (U. S. Geological
Survey). Types in the author’s collection.

322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW PHILANTHID WASPS.

BY S. A. ROHWER, BOULDER, COLO.

Cerceris calochorti, n. sp.— @. Length, about 1o mm.; length of
anterior wing 7 mm. Head with rather large, separated punctures; closest
anteriorly, where they are somewhat confluent ; ccelli in a low triangle,
the distance between the two lateral ocelli less than the distance to the
nearest eye margin; between the antenne is a low, broad carina, which
goes to base of the clypeus ; first joint of flagellum about equal to 2+3;
flagellum somewhat thickened from base to apex; clypeus distinctly
convex in middle, convex part truncate, without any teeth ; pronotum
rounded, without ridge anteriorly, and not broken in middle, with a few
well-separated punctures ; propleura with irregular strie ; dorsulum with
distinct punctures, some well separated, others touching each other, a
broad, shallow furrow down middle; scutellum similarly punctured ;
mesopleura punctured similarly, but the punctures more shallow ; meso-
pectus in middle without punctures; metathorax more shining than
dorsulum, and the punctures are larger ; enclosure dull, at anterior angles
with four or five oblique strie, rest very finely, longitudinally striated,
middle furrow distinct but not strong; apical angles of fore tarsi rather
strongly produced ; posterior cox distinctly, strongly excavated on outer
margin ; posterior tibize serrate on outer margin ; first abdominal segment
small; all the abdominal segments somewhat constricted at base above,
punctures of dorsal segments large (larger on first three segments), well
separated ; punctures of the ventral segments are not as strong as those of
the dorsal ; pygidium distinctly margined, about twice as long as width at
base, obtusely rounded, densely punctured (punctures confluent). Colour
black, subopaque basal part of mandibles, clypeus, except narrow line on
apical middle and thin black line separating sides and raised part at base,
lower two-thirds of inner orbits broadly (this is separated from the clypeus
by a thin dark line), carina between antenne to clypeus, scape in front,
spot back of eyes near vertex, yellowish white; two large spots on pro-
notum, tegule, small spot below tegule, line on scutellum, postscutellum,
two large oval spots on metathorax, large spots on first abdominal segment
nearly meeting in middle, broad band on second to sixth (this band is
narrowed in the middle on the second, third, fourth segments), spots on
second, third, fourth and fifth ventral segments (those on second and third
uniting in middle), /emon-yel/ow'; legs, coxee, trochanters, basal half of

four anterior femora above, apex of posterior femora (deeper above), apex
September, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTuMOLOGIST. 323

of posterior tibize, d/ack ; tarsi somewhat ferruginous, rest of legs emon-
yellow ; wings dusky hyaline, darker at anterior apical margin ; nervures
brown, costa and stigma reddish-yellow ; flagellum bright ferruginous
beneath, dark brown above ; a few white hairs on head and thorax.

Habitat.— Boulder, Colorado, June 27, 1905 (W. P. Cockerell), fis.
of mariposa lily ( Calochortus Gunnisoniz).

This could hardly be the female of sexta, Say, as it is much smaller.
It differs as follows from Cresson’s description (Philanthide of N. Am.) :
flagellum ferruginous beneath for entire length; enclosure dull, not shining;
nervures brown, not ferruginous. It is near wicimordes, Vier. & Ckll., but
may be separated by not having the mesopleura reticulated, the enclosure
striated at sides, posterior femora mostly yellow, and other characters.

Two ¢’s from Boulder, Colo. (W. P. Cockerell), are probably males
of this species. In one the markings are whitish-yellow, not lemon-yellow.
In both the metathoracic enclosure is finely striated with broken striz, and
the face has more yellow, as is usual for the males of Philanthide.

Cerceris solidaginis, n. sp.-—f. Length, 10mm. Head nearly as
wide as the thorax, closely punctured with large punctures ; width of the
front below the antenne less than the length of the eyes; ocelli in a low
triangle, distance between the lateral ocelli less than the distance to the
nearest eye margin; high sharp carina between the antenne; third joint
of antenne a little longer than fourth; clypeus punctured as front, produced
into a large triangular tooth anteriorly ; dorsulum with large punctures,
punctures closest at the sides; scutellum punctured like dorsulum ;
mesopleura and pectus closely punctured with large punctures; metathorax
with large, close punctures, punctures running into the enclosure, so it is
almost wanting ; posterior tibiz with teeth on the outer margin; first joint
of hind tarsi equal to 2+3+4; dorsulum of abdomen with close, large
punctures ; apical segment longer than wide, margined at the side, at the
apex with two short spines ; venter of abdomen shining, with a few sparse
punctures, a comb of long blackish hairs between apex and middle of each
segment. Colour black ; antenne brown, paler at base; mandibles (apex
piceous), clypeus, except narrow black border, face to a little above the
level of the antennz except around the antenne, two elongate spots on
pronotum ; tegule, two spots on scutellum, postscutellum, four anterior
legs below femora, dorsal segments 2-7 except at base (wider in the midde
of three, four, five and six), /emon-yel/ow, four anterior trochanters and
femora, posterior legs below coxe ferruginous, or reddish-yellow ; wings

Cy.
ed

D4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

subhyaline, marginal cell and surrounding area somewhat fuscous ; vena-
tion pale brown, stigma and costa reddish-yellow ; anterior margin of
clypeus with a fringe of silvery hairs ; thorax and abdomen above with
few scattered hairs.

Habitat.—Las Cruces, N. M., Aug. 3 (C. T. H. Townsend), fils. of
Solidago Canadensis. |

This species is near femur-vibrum, Vier. and Ckll., but the enclosure
of the metathorax is punctured with large punctures, not smooth in the
middle ; the metathorax is without spots, etc.

Cercer’s argyrotricha, n. sp.— 2. Length, 11 mm. Head as wide as
thorax, rather closely punctured with large punctures ; facial quadrangle
broader than long ; distance between the eyes at antenne greater than the
length of the eyes ; ocelli in a low triangle, distance between the lateral
ones about equal to the distance of the nearest eye margin; carina between
the antenne prominent ; third joint of antennze about equal in length to
fourth ; clypeus punctured like front, anterior margin with two very small
teeth; thorax, except enclosure, with large rather close punctures ;
enclosure closely, finely punctured, middle furrow distinct, four anterior
femora rather robust ; anterior tarsi on outside with long bristles, on inside
with a comb of short hairs; posterior tibia on outer margin strongly
serrate ; first joint of posterior tarsi a little longer than 2+3+4; dorsal
segments of abdomen coarsely, closely punctured, punctures on first two
segments larger; ventral segment with very few punctures; pygidium
about three times as long as the width at base, at apex truncate, closely,
finely punctured. Colour ferruginous ; apex of mandibles, apical half of
antennee, front above antenne (except two ferruginous spots on superior
orbits), a basal, triangular spot on dorsal abdominal segments three and
four (this spot is dark brown), d2ack, clypeus, face to a little above the
level of antenne, elongate spots, pronotum, postscutellum, broad band on
second dorsal segment, and following dorsal segment, except spots above
mentioned, tegule in part, ye//ow,; wings subhyaline, darker along
margin ; venation brown, stigma yellowish ; face in front, thorax beneath,
legs, especially tarsi, and more especially the hind tarsi, with silvery
pubescence.

Flabitat.—Las Cruces, N. M., Aug, 11 (C. T. H. Townsend).

This is quite a distinct species. In Viereck’s and Cockerell’s table of
New Mexico Cerceris (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,:Sept., 1904), it runs out at 7
because of the yellow clypeus and truncate pygidium.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329

Cerceris rhois,n. sp.— g. Length, 12 mm.; length of anterior wing,
1omm. Head closely punctured with lirge punctures; ocelli in a triangle,
distance between the lateral ocelli less than that to the nearest eye
margin ; carina between the antenne short, high, sharp ; third antennal
joint longer than fourth, first and third joint of about equal length ;
clypeus punctured as front, produced in the middle into a short, broad
tooth, which at the apex is dentate ; thorax, except enclosure, punctured
like head, mesonotum in middle with a shallow longitudinal furrow in
anterior middle; enclosure strongly, slightly obliquely striated, middle
furrow distinct, on the lower part the strie start from this furrow; posterior
tibie on outer margin with six short teeth, from each tooth is a rather long
bristle; abdomen above with large, rather close punctures; venter shining,
not strongly punctured, first ventral segment rather finely striato-punctate ;
seventh dorsal segment parallel-sided, not quite twice as long as width at
apex, rather sparsely covered with large punctures, at apex truncate, a
small tooth at each apical corner. Colour black ; clypeus, mandibles
(apex piceous), face to a little above the antenne, two spots on pronotum,
postscutellum, broad band on second dorsal segment, a narrower one on
following dorsal ones narrowed in middle, narrow band on ventral
segments two, three and four, anterior trochanters and femora beneath,
middle and posterior coxe beneath, entire middle and_ posterior
trochanters, middle femora beneath, posterior femora for basal half, four
anterior tibiae and tarsi, ye//ow ; four basal joints of antennze, apical half
of middle femora above (the basal half above black), apical half of
posterior femora, posterior tibie and tarsi, tegule, reddish-yellow ; wings
subhyaline, apex clouded ; venation reddish-yellow ; entire insect clothed
with brown or golden pubescence.

Habitat.—Rio Ruidoso, White Mts., about 6,500 ft., N. M., July 21,
on flowers of Rhus glabra (C. T. H. Townsend).

In the striation of the enclosure this species is like C. compacta,
Cress., but the clypeus is different, also the pubescence. There are also
other differences. It has some resemblance to mémica, Cress, bute is
of a different colour, the venter is mactilated, etc.

Cerceris cleoma, n. sp.—¢. Length, about 5 mm. Head with
large close punctures ; distance between the lateral ocelli about equal to
the distance to the nearest eye margin; carina between the antenne rather
strong ; first antennal joint longer than third, third and fourth equal ;
clypeus punctured like front, rather pointed in middle of rounded anterior

326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

margin ; entire thorax punctured with large close punctures ; enclosure
with large punctures, middle furrow more or less distinctly indicated by a
row of punctures; four anterior femora robust, swollen; anterior
trochanters triangular in outline, long, as long as half their femora ;
abdomen above punctured as thorax; venter not strongly punctured ;
seventh dorsal segment parallel sided, about twice as long as the width at
base, truncate at apex, each apical corner with a small tooth, punctured
with large punctures. Colour black ; antennz, except basal joints above,
fulvous, dusky above ; face to level of antenne, inner orbits to a little
above antenne, middle of clypeus, outer half of tegule, postscutellum,
yellow; bands on dorsal abdominal segments two to seven (one on sixth
very small), ye/lowish-white; legs below knees (posterior tibiae at apex
brownish) yellow or reddish-yellow ; posterior trochanters and base of
femora rufous ; posterior femora dark brown ; wings dark, darker along
anterior margin; venation black.

Habitat.—Denver, Colo., July 20, 1907, on Cleome, t1cg (Dunning).

The coarsely-punctured enclosure separates this species from most
American ones. From its allies the dark wings, small size and shape of
the clypeus will serve to separate it. The general appearance is much
like that of C. fimztima, Cresson.

The types of the species described above are in the author’s collec-
tion. The following species of Hucerceris has been described by Mr.
Cockerell, after we had studied and discussed it together :

Eucerceris pimarum, n. sp., Cockerell & Rohwer.—@. Length,
about or nearly ro mm.; red, blackish and pale yellow. Head broad and
thick, bright ferruginous, darker on face ; mandibles thick, black at apex ;
face flattened, closely and finely punctured ; clypeus very short, but very
broad, divided into three lobes, the middle one with a pair of rather
widely separated black teeth or tubercles on the lower margin, and between
them a small bituberculate prominence, and all three fringed with rather
short pale hairs ; front with a very prominent obtuse ridge between the
antennze, broadening and inclining te divide above, so as to form a sort
of. V ; front, vertex and cheeks with strong, close punctures ; vertex
broad; interocellar area black ; cheeks exceedingly broad, rounded
behind ; antenne ferruginous, the apical two-thirds of the flagellum more
dusky ; third antennal joint little shorter than 4+5,; mesothorax very
shiny, with large, well-separated punctures, tending to run in rows;
scutellum and postscutellum sparsely punctured ; mesopleura roughened ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 327

region beneath hind wings obliquely striate; metathorax closely punctured,
the area triangular, strongly, transversely grooved, and with a longitudinal
median groove; thorax ferruginous, the mesothorax blackish, suffused with
red behind, the area of metathorax black or almost ; prothorax above,
scutellum anteriorly (narrowest in the middle), postscutellum, a patch on
upper part of pleura, and an elongated mark on each side of metathorax,
all pale yellow ; tegule ferruginous ; wings hyaline, with a slight cloud
near upper end of basal nervure, and a very large dark brown cloud
occupying the marginal cell, the apex of the first submarginal, the small
second submarginal, the third submarginal except below, and the apical
area beyond these; stigma clear orange-ferruginous, nervures fuscous ;
recurrent nervures received near beginning of second and third submar-
ginal cells; legs bright ferruginous ; hind tibiz with strong but short
spines on outer edge ; abdomen constricted at the bases of the segments,
shining, punctures strong and well separated, but segrnents 2 to 4 with a
band of small dense punctures across the middle ; first segment small ;
first four segments reddish-fuscous or reddisn-black above, the others and
the venter ferruginous ; first five segments each with a broad apical pale
yellow band, that on second very broad laterally, but widely emarginate
in the middle ; pygidial area broad, dull, subrugose.

In Cresson’s table of Lucercerts this runs nearest to £. /ulvipes,
Cress., to which it is allied, but /z/vifes has conspicuous light markings
on the face, and honey-yellow nervures.

Hab.—Pheenix, Arizona, 1897, November. Collector unknown ;
received from Mr. S. N. Dunning.

A JULY BLIZZARD.

BY WM. H. BROADWELL, NEWARK, N. J.

My duties as a letter carrier necessitate my being out each night till
I a.m., so I have a fine chance to observe the things that go on in the
entomological world after sundown. As I pass several hundred electric
lights in the suburbs, I see and get a large quantity of insects that I would
not otherwise come across.

On the evening of July 17th the ‘‘blizzard” occurred. From about
8 p.m. until 2 a.m., by actual observation—and no doubt untii daylight—
there were around each electric light thousands, yes, millions, of a small
white moth—Zznomos subsignarius.

325 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In New York they were in evidence on the 15th, on the 16th in
Paterson, and in Newark on the 17th. At all these places they were
present in about the same abundance.

At an electric light two doors away from my house they covered a
branch of a tree extending out over the street so thickly that, when stand-
ing at my door, the branch had the appearance it would have after a
heavy fail of wet, clinging snow. On the front of the two houses nearest
to this light, from the top of the first-floor windows to the roof—both
three-story houses—you could not have placed your hand on the boards
without disturbing four or five moths. There is an eight-foot alley between
these houses, and the sides adjoining this alley were covered in the same
manner.

When going along the streets and passing a light, one’s clothing
became coated as effectually as with real particles of snow. They would
fly in one’s face, in one’s eyes, and into one’s mouth if it were not kept
tightiy shut.

Early the following morning (the 18th), under the lamps the wings
were on the ground as thick as apple blossoms after a storm, showing that
the sparrows had not forgotten why they were brought over to this country
some forty years ago. In New York they extended from Herald Square
to Harlem. At Paterson and Newark they extended to all parts of the
cities.

Although this moth was so abundant, it is as harmless as it is
beautiful.

E. subsignarius feeds on only five or six varieties of trees, and except
under the most unusual conditions could it do much harm. We may
consider ourselves fortunate that the invasion was not of the Brown-tail
or Gypsy moths. It would be a hard matter to say where this army of
invaders came from, but no doubt conditions somewhere were favourable
to their breeding to such an enormous extent.

In July, 1897 or 1898, I sawa similar phenomenon at Boonton, N. J.,
but in this case the invaders were JVepytia semiclusarta.

On the 4th of July I was in a large woods, and suddenly came to a
tree completely covered from base to the lower limbs with semzclusaria,
and upon going a little further I saw other trees covered as thickly.. As
in this latest instance the invasion was for only one day, the next day
only a dozen or so could be found. Whence came they? Whither do
they go? It is easy to answer the last, but who can explain the first ?

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 329

NEW SESIID MOTHS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

Sesia fragaria (Hy. Edw.), var. semiprestans, v. nov.

2 ..—Length almost 12 mm.; anterior wing, 10% ; antenne simple,
dark steel blue, with a dusky apical tuft; occiput, cheeks and palpi covered
with orange-vermilion scales ; last two joints of palpi with a few black
scales ; tongue long; vertex with black scales, and a little tuft of red on
each side ; a little red beneath each antennal socket ; face convex, shining
purple ; thorax at sides orange, tinged with purplish-pink, above dark,
with very strong peacock colours, green and purple, and rudimentary
sublateral red stripes ; patagia tipped with orange ; legs metallic dark blue
and green, with the tibiz orange-vermilion, except at apex and base, and
the tarsi also with many light orange scales; anterior wings metallic
peacock-green, irrorated with pale reddish scales, but the lower margin,
greatly widening basally, is a splendid orange, suffused with purple and
crimson, while near the apical margin the dark scales are blackish ; the
discal red stripe is evident, but small; hind wings covered with orange
scales, with only small transparent patches, these, perhaps, due to abrasion,
veins Mz, Cu, and Cu, black-scaled ; fringes very long, shining yellowish-
plumbeous ; abdomen dark peacock-green, with the fourth segment, and
the hind margins of the two following, vermilion ; caudal tuft vermilion,
with a few dark hairs laterally ; beneath, the abdomen is red laterally, and
mainly dark in the middle.

Hab.— Florissant, Colorado, prox. 8,o00 ft., June 21, 1908, flying
rapidly over very dry and barren ground ( Cockere//).

Beutenmiiller (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VIII., 144) remarks that
S. prestans (from Washington State) is much like /ragar7e, but “is larger,
and is marked with orange in the cell and streaked with this colour in the
area beyond the discal mark.” In the orange streaking our insect is like
prestans, but in the colour of the legs and the size it is like fraguria.
The colour of the abdomen is more like. that of Arestans than fragaria.
Henry Edwards, in his original description of fragarigz, omits all mention
of the red fourth abdominal segment—a most conspicuous feature of
Jragarig@, as understood by Beutenmiiller, who examined Edwards’s type.
Beutenmiiller, however, says the type is ‘‘one female from Colorado,”

whereas Edwards describes the species primarily from a male,
September, 1908

330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

It may be that semiprestans is a distinct species, but it seems better
at present to treat it as a form of fragarie.

In 1894 and 1896 Mr. Beutenmiiller treated Pyrrhotenia helianthi as
a synonym of fragari@, but in his Monograph of the Sesiidee, he makes it
a synonym of S. Lehrensiz (Hy. Edw.). The name helianthi, however,

has priority over 4ehrensit, and the species must be known as Sesza
helianthi (Hy. Edw.).

Sesta florissantella, n. sp.

3 .—Length, 8 mm.; anterior wing about 514; no red or yellow
about the insect ; antennze black, with a small apical tuft ; the basal half
of the antenne beneath is finely denticulate, and also furnished with
numerous curving hairs ; occiput with long, coarse, faintly yellowish hair ;
vertex with black hair or scales ; cheeks with white hair, and face with
white scales ; palpi long and very bristly, the clothing black on the out-
side, white above and within ; tongue slender ; thorax above black, with
strong greenish-metallic tints, the collar strongly brassy ; sides of thorax
with large black and white scales, a conspicuous patch of white just
beneath the wings ; legs black and white, the long hair on femora beneath
white, spurs white, hind basitarsus nearly all white, as also second joint
within and at apex, hind tibiz with much white about the middle ; anterior
wings purple-black, with scattered white scales, a small white mark
(peppered with black) in the cell, and conspicuous white streaks in the
apical field ; hind wings transparent pearly-white, except for the black
costa and scales on the veins; fringes of both wings long and black ;
abdomen purple-black ; some white scales on second segment ; a narrow
pure white band on fourth, and an apical white band on the penultimate
one ; caudal tuft black.

Hab.— Florissant, Colorado, June 25, 1908, in a very dry place
(Cockere?l), A distinct little species, in colour resembling S. arctica,
Beutenm., as much as anything. It appears to be related most closely to
S. nigra, Beutenm., known only in the female. It is barely possible that
it is the undescribed male of z/gra, but the differences in the colour of the
wings are so great that this cannot be assumed.

fligeria tibialis (Harris), var. Dyari, n. var.

? .—Thorax purple-black ; lateral bands in front very broad, but the
longitudinal lines very narrow ; posterior dorsal yellow spots very large ;
abdomen with first segment black ; second black, narrowly yellow at base ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331

third yellow, narrowly black at apex; fourth black, narrowly yellow at
base ; fifth and sixth yellow, narrowly black at apex ; apex of abdomen
cinnamon-brown.

flab.—Las Vegas, New Mexico, July 3, 1900 (Cockerel/). The
same variety is figured in Beutenmiiller’s Monograph of the Sesiidz, pl.
xxxill, fig. 13. The specimen figured, as I learn from Mr. Beuten-
muller, is from Colorado. ‘This variety was described many years ago,
but not published ; my type is in the U. S. Nat. Museum.

MOSQUITO NOTES.—NO. 6. (Continued.)
BY ¢..'S., LUDLOW, PH, D:

Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C.

From the Philippines comes a well-marked mosquito, apparently
belonging to Theobald’s Pseudo-uranotenia, but having very broad ungues
not mentioned in the description of the type.

Pseudo-uranotenta triangulata,, n. sp.—¢. Head dark, densely
covered with white flat scales, having a bluish tinge and a few brown
bristles; antenne light and apparently lacking pubescence, verticils
brown, basal joint testaceous ; palpi brown, proboscis brown, some out-
standing scales near the tip on one specimen, labelle light, eyes brown
and gold, clypeus dark brown.

Thorax: prothoracic lobes brown, with white, flat, broadly round-
ended scales, a few brown bristles; mesonotum brown, covered for the
most part with slender brown curved scales, but with a band of flat, white,
broadly ‘‘ round-ended ” scales running cephalad from the wing joints, and
meeting at the nape, making a continuous line of bluish-white around the
latero-cephalic edge of the mesonotum, many long brown bristles near the
scutellum ; scutellum brown, markedly lobed, with flat brown scales and
very long brown bristles; pleura brown, with brown flat scales, shaped
like those on the mesonotum, and a line of flat white scales running
diagonally across ; metanotum brown.

Abdomen covered with black scales except a triangular apical spot
(apex toward the base of the segment) of brilliant white scales, the spot
sometimes extending to the base of the segment ; venter black, except a
few white scales forming a median line,

Legs : coxee and trochanters light, with brown scales. The remainder

of the legs covered with brown scales except in the hind legs, which have
September, 1908

332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the fourth and fifth and the distal half of the third joint pure white, mid
femora markedly swollen. Ungues missing on all but the hind legs, where
they are white, simple and very broad, rather leaf-like.

Wings clear, almost white, partly denuded, but with broad scales,
some of them as symmetrical as in Wansonza, others suggesting the “‘heart-
shaped ” scales of Ztorleptiomyza, mostly brown, but some white scales,
an irregular white spot just exterior to the root of thethird long. vein, and
extending on the second long. and subcosta, but not on the costa, costal
scales as in Uranotenia. ‘Vhe cells very short, first submarginal at least
one-third shorter than, and not so wide as the second posterior cell ;
supernumerary and mid cross-vein about the same length, meeting at an
angle, and the posterior cross-vein about one-half the length of, and three
times its length distant, anteriorly, from the mid.

Length, 3.5-4 mm. Habitat: Reine Regente, Mindanao, P, I.
Taken Feb.

The markings are distinctive, the triangular spots on the abdomen
being very noticeable. 2

It seems probable that in Pseudoskusea mediolineata, mihi, I have
inadvertently described ‘Theobald’s Skusea mediofasciata, the distinctien
between the two genera being not the toothed ungues, but the long palpi.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

The Curator begs to acknowledge with grateful thanks the receipt of
a box containing 87 specimens of Cuban Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera and
Sphingidz, sent by Mr, Charles T. Ramsden, Guantanamo, Cuba ; they
form avery welcome addition to the collections of the Entomological
Society of Ontario.

Note.—The Rhachidorus Semont, Krauss, Orth. Austr. and Malayi-
schen Archip., p. 765, pl. LX VII, figs. 13, 13a-b (1902), from Queensland,
was inadvertently omitted from my fascicula on the Decticinze in
Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, which has just appeared.

Too late for recording in the above-mentioned work, I find my
Platycleis Fletcheri, described from a @ from Canada, belongs to the
genus /donotus, and is the same as my J. brevipes, described from an
alcoholic ¢ from Arctic America. The discovery of this synonymy is due
to Dr. E. M. Walker, of Ontario, who has taken both sexes of this insect.
—A. N. CAUDELL, U. S. Nat. Museum, Washington, D. C.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333

ACTIAS LUNA.

I have been raising several broods of Actias duna this year. The pre-
vailing type has very yellow-tinted males, a sort of golden-green, sometimes
almost approaching sulphur-yellow, and some of them have the dark lines
across the wings very pronounced and strongly undulated. The females
are always clear green. I am trying to intensify these peculiarities by
selecting the most marked examples to breed from, and as a complete
generation requires only about seven to eight weeks during our long
summers, results should be quickly attainable.

- The species is easily raised in quantity, but is exceedingly rare out
of doors. This seems to be due chiefly to the unremitting search for the
caterpillars by the large paper-wasps (Polistes). Nothing can exceed the
tiger-like ferocity with which these wasps leap upon and rip up and
devour one of these great caterpillars—sometimes they bite holes in my
cheese-cloth bags on the trees, and a veritable massacre of the innocents
follows the entry of one of these murderous creatures. I have seen them
tearing furiously with fore feet and jaws at the webs of the tent-caterpillars.
They seem to track their prey by scent rather than sight.

A large Cecropia caterpillar put on a branch in the open escaped
them for a day or two—Cecropia is not a native here—but very soon I
came upon a wasp licking her chops over the last of it, while two
examples of a smaller species of Polistes were chewing at the offal like
jackals at a tiger’s feast. The big wasp ignored them, but snapped
viciously at a fly that came for a taste:

Last winter I sent to the Can. Ent. a modest little advertisement of
surplus Luna cocoons for sale. The outcome proves that this journal
furnishes to its advertisers, besides sordid lucre, pretty nearly ‘‘everything
that is requisite and necessary, as weil for the body as for the soul,”
for I sold all my cocoons, and have had a most interesting correspondence
and exchange of treasures. One boy in far-off Nova Scotia says I am to
be his adopted ‘‘Uncle Teddy” henceforward as long as I live, and that
he is coming some time to visit me in Florida !

Now, no one can ask more in this world than to have plenty of love
and plenty of money (or its equivalent) and an agreeable avocation—the
three together are surely ‘“‘wealth beyond the dreams of avarice”—and all
in return for a paltry half-inch of advertising space, at a money-cost too
insignificant for consideration '—THEODORE L. MEAD, Oviedo, Fla.

334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICES.

KIRKALDY’S CATALOGUE -OF THE HEMIPIERA:;~ AUPREe
LIMINARY NOTE.

BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

I desire to bring to the notice of American entomologists, more
especially to that of our hemipterists, Kirkaldy’s Catalogue of the
Hemiptera, which will shortly be published by F. L. Dames, of Berlin.

It has been my privilege to read some of the proof-sheets, and I am
bound to say that in spite of all the discussion to which it will surely give
rise, the work will be indispensable to all systematic zoologists, on account
of the phylogenetic matter that enriches it. I reserve to myself the
pleasure of going fully into the contents of each volume on its appearance.
The first volume is promised to us shortly. But in the meantime I may
say that it is far more than a mere list of names, since it gives much
biological data and brings all synonymies down to date, clearing up many
obscure points. I believe that since Stal’s Anumeratio Hemipterorum no
work of a similar nature has covered the field so completely, excepting,
perhaps, Wytsman’s ‘‘Genera Insectorum,” which, however, is different in
scope and plan.

THE GENERA OF THE TORTRICIDE AND THEIR TYPES. By C. H.
Fernald, A. M., Ph. D., published by the author, Amherst, Mass.
Signatures issued as dated February 21st to May 29th, 1908 ; issued
complete June 4th, 1908; 68 pages.

The fathers of entomology who did such conspicuous work in the
last quarter of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century,
usually omitted to designate any certain species as the type of or typical
of their genera. Their conception of a genus was also based upon
superficial characters, such as the pattern and ornamentation of the
wings, and it was naturally found, when the present systematic structural
scheme was adopted, based upon venation and other fixed characters, that
in many cases under one genus were many different structures.

This has been the cause of endless confusion and changing of generic
names, especially during the past twenty-five years, when the systematists
in different groups have endeavoured to live up to the severe letter of

the law of priority. The confusion has been only increased by the
September, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ooo

different interpretations and different methods pursued by investigators
as to the manner of fixation of types. Professor Fernald in this work
states that he has followed the latest rules as prescribed by the highest
International Authorities, and adopted at the last meeting of the Zoological
Congress.

This work is the first of its kind that has ever been published in the
Microlepidoptera. As its title implies, it takes up one by one every
Tortricid genus known to the author, from the tenth edition of Linnzus
down to the present day, and fixes and names the type species in each
genus. The fact that about three hundred and twenty generic names are °
reviewed, indicates the magnitude of the task. Other authors have made
desultory attempts from time to time to fix types in the particular genera
in which they happened to be working, but it remains for the present
author to treat the entire family of Tortricidze as a comprehensive whole.

As the author states, there will naturally be a difference of opinion as
to the flexibility or limitations of structure which constitute a genus. For
this reason the synonymy of genera which concludes the work will be
subject to change. © This remark is emphasized by the fact that with two
exceptions the synonymy is exactly the same as the list of species under
the different generic headings in Staudinger & Rebel’s 1go1 Catalogue.
Very little work in the European Tortricidz has shown that the groups in
this catalogue are not well assorted, and are subject to very considerable
revision.

The North American and European genera appear to have been
most conscientiously worked out, but it is apparent that little or no work
has been done in the Indian and Australasian genera, as all of these latter
are simply listed without criticism or indication that any attempt has
been made to associate them with the older genera. As many of the
Eastern genera have been erected on more or less unsubstantial secondary
sexual characters, some of them will certainly fall into the synonymy
when their structure is better known.

These criticisms do not affect the value of the work, as it only
purports to fix the type of the genera, and in doing this it confers a vast
benefit on all workers in this group.

The next step must be the publication of a work, containing plates
showing the venation and other structure of every type species named in
Professor Fernald’s monograph, together with the synopsis of the characters

336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of each genus. Of course, this must be followed with an examination
of every known species of the world’s Tortricidae and a reassemblage of
them under their proper generic headings.

As it necessarily must be some years before such a work can be
completed, the status of generic names in our present list is of
interest. The most important changes are shown in the following
table, the first column of which gives the names to be substituted for the
supplanted names of the American lists in column two, and the European
list in column three. It may be added that this table but briefly shows the
changes made necessary in the European lists. About half of their present
generic names will go into the synonymy and be replaced by older names.

| Dyar Cat., 1902.
Fernald’s Revision. | Smith List, 1903. S. & R. Catalogue, rgor.

Rhyacionia, Hb. Evetria, Hb. ~ Evetria, Hb.
Cymolomia, Led. Exartema, Clem. Cymolomia, Led.
Olethreutes, Hb. |
MS Ree Olethreutes, Fib. Olethreutes, Hb.

gyroploce, Hb. |

: Thiodia, Hb. (Dyar) :

Cydia, Hb. | Cydia, Hb. (Smith) | Semasia, Hb.
Enarmonia, Hb. Epinotia, Hb. Steganoptycha, Stph.
Spilonota, Stph. Tmetocera, Led. Tmetocera, Led.
pe Ancylis, Hb. Ancylis, Hb.

Anchylopera, Stph.
Laspeyresia, Hb. }
mace gel: } Enarmonia, Hb. Grapholitha, Tr.
(Cydia, Hb. (Dyar) |
| Carpocapsa,Tr.(Sm.) J
Peronea, Curt. Acleris, Hb. Acalla, EXb:

fEthes, Billbg. Phalonia, Hb. Conchylis, Sodoff.

Carpocapsa, ‘Tr. Carpocapsa, Tr.

As the author remarks in the Preface, his work Js incomplete. This
refers particularly to certain of Walker’s names of exotic genera, which have
not been systematically investigated, and likewise to the names in the Bill-
berg Enumeratio. In both of these works genera were included under the
heading of Tortricide, which belong to other families. Most of these
have been treated by the author, but it is only reasonable to suppose that
likewise in other families may be found genera based upon Tortricids,

which may supplant some of the names re-established in this paper.
W.Dr dk

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ook

SOME RECENT PAPERS ON HEMIPTERA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
(Continued from page 302.)

Another paper of interest is by Mr. G, W. Kirkaldy, ‘‘ A List of the
Described Hemiptera (excluding Aleyrodidz and Coccidz) of the Hawaiian
Islands.*

This paper is in its nature a supplement and an addendum to his
former work on the same group in the “Fauna Hawaiiensis.” The
arrangement and nomenclature very naturally agree with tne author’s
views on phylogeny and nomenclature, which, I understand, will be carried
out in his forthcoming catalogue of the Hemiptera, to be issued shortly.
But aside from these matters open to disagreement, wth which in the
main I am in accord, there is much that is useful and of interest in the
paper.

He begins by noting that the endemic families of the Heteroptera
number only § out of the 26 recognized at the present day ; and only 4
out of 12 Homopterous families ; and further, that of these 12 families 6
only are represented by more than ro species, namely: the Myodochide
(Lygeide auctt), Nabidz, Miride, and the first three Homopterous
families. The absence of other dominant families in the Pacific ‘* show
more plainly than words the real condition of the Fauna.”

“The leading characteristic of the Hawaiian Hemiptera is their

tendency and almost complete adaptation to .an arboreal life. All, or
practically all, the Hawaiian Asiracidee—one of the most important
families numerically—are arboreal, a phenomenon otherwise known, so
far, only in one peculiar Australian genus, Proterosydne, Kirkaldy.
Acanthia, usually a riparian genus, has one species representing, no
doubt, the ancestral form, inhabiting dry heaths in Europe ; nowhere but
in these Islands, to my knowledge, are there arboreal species.”

One hundred and seventy-four species are recorded, of which 138 are
considered endemic and 36 immigrant. The endemic genera reach 31.
Coccide and Aleyrodide are not considered, and including - these,
described as well as manuscript species, he estimates the total Hemipterous

1. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., I, pt. 5, pp. 186-208, text figs. 1 to 3, pl. 4, April,
1908.
September, 1908

338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fauna, endemic and immigrant, at not less than 500 species, of which
360 are endemic.

In this paper several new genera are established, a number of new
species described, some synonymy cleared up, and, which makes it of
more importance to students of the Pacific fauna, a large number of
rectifications are made in the “ Fauna Hawaiiensis.”» To enhance its
value, Kirkaldy gives us a table of the Asiracid genera. There are three
- text figures of wing venation, and a plate of Homopterous genitalia, which
add greatly to the usefulness of the paper.

Putting aside the debatable points, this is a really valuable contribu-
tion to Hemipterology, a fragment though it be.

The third paper? appeared in the Ohio Waturalist for June of this
year, under my name, but it is in reality a careful study of certain of the
fresh-water forms of the Gerrid subfamily Halobatinz, and includes what
is practically a monograph of Rheumatobates, by Dr. E. Bergroth. This
paper is of so finished a character that any comment on its quality
becomes superfluous. I wish, however, to call attention to it very
especially, and now note a few of its salient points.

Dr. Bergroth begins by restricting and defining the subfamily /a/o-
batine, which is characterized by having the inner margin of the eyes
convexly rounded. A discussion of Zrepobates, Uhl., follows, in which
this genus and its allies, Ca//istometra, Kuh.; Rheumatometra, Kirk.;
Metrobates, Uhl.; Zelmatometra, Bergr. (gen. nov.), and /Hadobatopsis,
Bianchi, are considered. The new genus Ze/matometra is here charac-
terized, and is at once distinguished from its ally Zrepobates by the
structure of the head, antenna, corium and genital segments. One
species, Zel/matometra Whitei, Bergr., 1s described in the genus. Next
in order, Rheumatobates preposterus, Bergr., is described. This can
readily be separated from its described allied species by having the mzdd/e
pair of legs curiously malformed in the ~¢ instead of the third pair, as in
other forms of the genus. This, of course, is apart from the excellent
character afforded by the peculiar ¢ antenne. Dr. Bergroth gives a
table for separating the known species, and figures their antennz. Taking
it altogether, this is a most valuable contribution to Hemipterology, and
indispensable to students of the semt-aquatic Trochalopoda.

2. On the Aquatic Hemiptera collected by Prof. H. S. Hine in Guatemala ;
Ohio Naturalist, viii, 370.

THE CANADIAN ENLOMOLOGIS?. 339

In contrast with these works is one entitled ‘‘ Deutschlands Wasser-
wanzen,” by Th. Heuber.* While ‘“‘errare est humanum,” it appears to me
only reasonable for an author attempting such a subject to inform himself
of the most recent work on the matter. If this entailed an enormous
amount of bibliographical work, there might be some excuse, but where all
that is necessary is to consult, for instance, the ‘Zoological Record,” it
seems to me that such negligence merits condemnation.

The work in question consists of an account of the Waterbugs, based
on Fieber (1865) and Puton (1883). Necessarily, it is anything but
accurate as regards classification, forms, etc. Tables are given for genera
and species, with long descriptions, synonmy and localities. In anatomy
of Nepa, for example, he refers to Dufour (1833), Burmeister (1835), and
Flor (1860). All later (and really important) work is ignored. Korschelt
and Heider he knows not, and Heymons is but a name. It is really
regrettable that such work as this should be given to the public, especially
since by its appearance of usefulness, due to its dichotomies, it will
- certainly enjoy some measure of repute.

In this connection I wish to point out that while much that is to-day
written on the Aquatic Hemiptera is published in Hungary or in
Roumania, or even in America, there are authors who have written on this
subject in Europe, and what has not appeared in current English
entomological publications has appeared in the “ Wiener Entomologischer
Zeitung,” the “ Annales” of the French and Belgian societies and other
high-class continental mediums. Moreover, in book form there is Miall’s
“ Natural History of Aquatic Insects,” in which there is something regard-
ing Hemiptera. And finally, I wish to call attention to what is at the
moment the fullest account of European Waterbugs, and their habits,
namely, Kirkaldy’s “ Guide to the Study of British Waterbugs,” which
appeared serially in ‘‘ The Entomologist ” at intervals from 1899 up to
last yeat (1907). There are several plates of structural details, and the
work as a whole summarizes the results of many _ investigators
supplemented by the author’s original researches. While later study
controverts some few of his statements, nevertheless as a whole the work
is remarkably free from errors. As to what it purports to be, “A Guide,”
it can be heartily recommended as a foundation for work on Waterbugs,
but it must be borne in mind that there is much later research work now
available in certain of the groups treated.

3. Jahresheft, Ver. Vaterl. Naturk. Wurttemb., 61, 1905, pp. 91-175.

340 ‘tHK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON.

We learn from Sczence that in the Bureau of Entomology the salary of
the Entomologist has been increased from $3,250 to $4,000. ‘The total
appropriation is increased by $48,950, making it $184,960 ; this includes
the. Cotton Boll-weevil investigations, which have heretofore been carried
in an emergency appropriation. In addition, the Bureau has charge of the
Gypsy and Brown-tail Moth.campaign, for which an emergency appropri-
ation of $250,co0, an increase of $100,000, was made, the entire amount
being immediately available. The silk investigations in progress for
several years are to be brought to a close.

Mr. H. Grou, B. S. A., Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, has
recently been appointed an assistant in the Division of Entomology and
Botany, over which Dr. James Fletcher presides, of the Experimental
Farms of the Dominion.

His many friends will learn with deep regret that Mr. J. A. GUIGNARD,
for many years Dr. Fletcher’s chief assistant, has felt compelled to resign,
owing to advanced age and infirmity, the position which he so usefully filled.
He has returned to his native Switzerland, where, it is to be hoped, he
may have a prolonged period of rest and quiet happiness.

Tue British Museum has lately published ‘‘ The History of the
Collections contained in the Natural History Departments” (2 vols.,
1905-7). Under “Insecta” there are lists of the accessions for each year,
and the number of species and specimens in each order. ‘The entire
number of insects in 1904 was over 1,018,000 specimens, including 153,000
named species. The Coleoptera head the list with 398,000 specimens
and 67,300 species; Lepidoptera 355,700 specimens, 41,000 species ;
Hymenoptera 132,000 specimens, 20,000 species; Hemiptera 57,650
specimens, 11,700 species; Diptera 47,000 specimens, 7,400 species ;
Orthoptera, 18,800 specimens, 3,900 species ; other orders 9,200 speci-
mens, 1,900 species. (These round numbers are the approximate figures
to those given.) The largest single collection ever received was the great
Bowring collection of 230,000 Coleoptera; the Stephens collection con-
tained go,ooo specimens of various orders ; the Leech collection over
50,000 Lepidoptera ; the Pascoe collection 45,000 Coleoptera, including
Over 3.000 types. These are the most extensive contributions recorded,
and formed very notable additions to the possessions of the Museum.

Mailed September 3rd, 1908.

CAN- SENG, VOL eA PLATE 9.

FOSSIL (OSMYL_US=26)-GOEUMBIANG

FOSSIL MANTIS—LITHOPHOTINA FLOCCOSA.

The # anaulian Bantomolagist

VoL. XL. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1908. No. to.

FOSSIL OSMYLIDA: (NEUROPTERA) IN AMERICA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

The Hemerobiide, as understood by most authors, are divided by
Handlinsch into several families: Dilaride, Osmylide, Polystoechotide,
Sisyride, Nympheside, and Hemerobiide. Of these, the Hemerobiide
proper are abundantly represented in the North American fauna ; while
(according to Banks, as shown by his recent Catalogue) we have two
species of Polystoechotes, one each of Szsyraand Climacta (Sisyridz), and
one of Dilar. ‘The Osmylide are not represented. In the Miocene shales
of Florissant we find instead one V/o/ystoechotes, two Osmylide, and no
Hemerobiide, Sisyridz or Dilaride. Probably not much importance should
be attached to the apparent absence of several groups, but the existence of
Osmylide, an Old World group, is significant, and in harmony with other
facts, such as the occurrence of a species of Nemopteridz in the shales.

Scudder described one of the Florissant Osmylids as Osmylus
requietus. He prefaced his account (Tertiary Insects, p. 162) with the
following remarks: The species we have placed here agrees somewhat
closely with the species from amber, Osm. pictus, referred by Hager to
this genus, but differs from it in its lack of any diverse colouring in the
wings, as well as in some minor points of the neuration, as in the distance
of the outer series of gradate veinlets from the outer border of the wing,
their regular connection with one of the basal branches of the radius, the
regularity of the inner series of gradate veinlets, as well as the structure of
the cubital region. The two Tertiary species, however, agree together, and —
disagree with the living types in the simple character of the costal
nervules, the much smaller number of sectors, and the character of the
basal half of the wing, where the sectorial interspaces are regular and
broken by few and irregularly scattered cross-veins, instead of being so
numerously supplied as to break up the field into an almost uniform and
minute reticulation. The two fossil species would therefore appear to
form a section apart.

342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I found Osmylus reguietus, Scudd., in the shale at Station 13. The
specimen agreed with Scudder’s type, except that it was a little smaller,
the wings 14 mm. long instead of over 15. The insect differs conspicu-
ously from typical OsmyZus in the characters mentioned by Scudder, and
may, I think, form the basis of a new genus Osmylidia. Whether the
species from Baltic amber should be considered strictly congeneric, I will
not venture to decide. In many of its characters this genus is closely
allied to the very much older Wymphites Craneri, Haase, from the litho-
graphic stone of Bavaria ; indeed, it may fairly be said that Osmylidia 1s
intermediate between MWymphites of the Jurassic, and Osmylus of the
present day. |

Osmylidia reguieta (Scudd.) is, however, not the only Osmylid fossil
at Florissant. At Station BB, this year, my wife found a much larger
species, represented by a wing, of which enough is preserved to show the
generic characters. This wing is about 25 mm. long, with dark veins,
and dark spots very much like those of the living Osmylus chrysops.
Toward the apex, the costal region is irregularly and diffusely maculated ;
in the middle region of the wing there are two small round spots, the first
about 6, the second about 15 mm. from the base; toward the hind
margin, ro mm. from the base, is a rather larger spot. All of these spots
correspond with those existing in O. chrysops (anterior wing). As regards
the venation, many of the costal nervules are forked, exactly as in O.
chrysops ; the cross-nervures in the region of the media are numerous, as
in O. chrysops; and, in short, the insect is a perfectly typical OsmyZus,
closely related to the living species. The cross-nervures between the
radius and radial sector are most of them heavily clouded ; the oblique
branches of the radial sector leave at approximately regular intervals ; the
costal area is perhaps not quite so full as in O. chrysops. This insect,
which proves that genuine Osmy/us onée inhabited the Rocky Mountains,
may be termed Osmylus Columbianus, n. sp. I take this opportunity to_
add notes on two other Neuroptera.

(:) Hemerobius moestus, Banks, 1897 (not of Hagen, 1854, a fossil
species), must be called 7. distrigatus, Currie, 1904.

(2) Megaraphidia, Ckl\l. (fossil at Florissant), The characters of this
genus are approached by the living Raphidia rhodopica, Kiapalek,
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1894. It is possible that Alegaraphidia
should be reduced to a subgenus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343

THE FIRST AMERICAN FOSSIL MANTIS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

Only two species of Mantidz have been described from Tertiary
formations: Mantis protogea, Heer, from the Upper Miocene of CEninger,
and Chetoessa brevialata, Giebel, from Baltic amber. Cefoessa, or more
properly Chefeessa (Burmeister, 1838), is known to-day by three species,
all from Brazil; it is not very likely that the amber insect is really con-
generic. Heer’s AZantis protogea is a very poorly preserved object, from
which little can be learned. The discovery of a nearly perfect tegmen in
the Miocene shales of Florissant adds the group to the fauna of the
American Tertiaries. The venation is of a comparatively simple type,
and may be compared with that of the E. Indian and African genus
Gonyfeta, as figured by Handlirsch (Fossile Insekten, Part 1, pl. 2, f. 5).
I sent a drawing of the venation of the fossil to Mr, A. N. Caudell, calling
attention to its supposed affinities, and asking him whether he could find
any other genus showing stronger resemblance. He kindly replies: “I
know of no modern genus more likely to contain it than the one you
mention. I presume without doubt it is an extinct form representing a
new genus.” In the meanwhile, however, I have received from Mr. Rehn
a copy of his figure of Photina brevis, from Paraguay (Proc, Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 157), and this is apparently as near to the fossil genus
as Gonypeta. The most that can be said about the fossil is that it repre-
sents a generalized form of the subfamily J/antime, apparently distinct
from, though allied to, those now living.

Lithophotina, 0. g.

Costa little arched ; costal region narrow, reticulated, so that the
cells above the subcosta (very irregular) are mostly double ; subcosta
terminating on costal margim about 2% times as far from base as from
apex ; radius ending a little above apex of wing, ot at all branched below
(branched below, forming a radial sector,* in Gonypeta and Photina), but
giving off about three very oblique branches above, the last of these being
itself branched ; media branching a little before the middle, the upper
branch again branched about 5% mm. from the apex, but the lower
simple ; cubitus with three long branches, of which the first is branched
about 10 mm. from the base of the tegmen; anal with three branches,

*I here follow Handlirsch’s interpretation (for Gonypeta), but comparison
with the fossil suggests that the so-called radial sector is really the main stem of
the radius, while the supposed end of the radius is the last of the upper branches.

344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the first two united for about 14% mm. beyond the separation of the
lowest ; anal lobe obliterated, but I do not think it was very large.

Lithophotina floccosa, n. sp.
Length of tegmen about 2114 mm., width 7 ; apparently subhyaline,
with brown veins, and obscure, irregular brown mottling.
Florissant ; Miocene, Station 14 (W. P. Cockerell, 1907).

THE GENUS BUPITHECIA AND ITS ALEIES:
BY RICHARD F, PEARSALL, RROOKLYN, N. Y.

The present paper must necessarily be, in part, of a tentative char-
acter, for the active attention which has been accorded the Geometrinze
of late has resulted in giving us many new species, and their affiliations
are yet to be wrought out. My object is partially to clear the way for
future and more mature work. Of the genera allied with Hupithecta, Dr.
Hulst has placed two in our list, one of which, in the light of recent
research, must be excluded therefrom, and the other greatly restricted,
viz., Chloroclystis, Hubn., and Gymnocelis, Mab. The former is repre-
sented by a single species, zwconspicua, Hist., the female type of which is
in the Hulst collection at New Brunswick, N. J. Upon examination, it
proves to be the female of Se//dosema Wrightiaria, Hulst (Dyar, 3829),
a species described in 1888 from four males, taken in Southern California.
It has vein 8 of hind wings not connected with cell, and vein 5 wanting.
Inconspicua becomes therefore a synonym, and the genus is left without a
known representative in our fauna, and must be dropped. This con-
clusion was first reached through study of a small series of Wrightzarza,
taken at Pasadena, Calif., in my own collection, and later confirmed by
reference to the type:

Gymnocelis has been the subject of a recent paper by Mr. J. A.
Grossbeck (Journ. N. Y. Entom. Society, March, 1908), presenting facts
relating to the various species under it, which are in line with my own
observations, and show conclusively that mznufa, Hlst., is the only species
which we know at present as fitted to remain in the genus. The others
form a group, as he points out, not possible of combination with Aufithecia,
even if it were desirable to place them in that already overcrowded genus, ~
and although in individuals of one species, zemorata, Gross., the upper
spurs of the hind tibiz may be absent, in other respects it does coincide
with the group, nevertheless it appears to me that they should be assembled
under a distinct genus. For this genus I propose the name /Vasuszna, the

October, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 34

Ou

nose-like prominence of the front being common to all, with the following

Nasusina, n. gen.
Type zzferior, Hulst.

limitations :
Fixed.
Antenne, flattened, shortly ciliate,
slender.

Palpi, moderate.
Front, horizontally projecting, with
pad or cushion of scales,

Variable.
Thorax, untufted.

Abdomen, with low tufts, or none.
Venation, hind wings, 6 and 7
long-stemmed, 3 and 4 widely

rounded above clypeus. separate.

Tongue, developed. Accessory cells, one.

Fore tibiz, unarmed.

Hind tibiw, end spurs normal,
upper spurs much reduced, or
absent.

Hair pencil in J absent.

Venation, hind wings, vein 5 _pres-
ent, vein § anastomosing
with cell nearly cell’s length.

The species at present recognized are:
inferior, Hulst.
desperata, Hulst.
remorata, Gross.
gypsata, Hulst.
discoidalis, Gross.
artestata, Gross.
mellissa, Gross.

The type form is constant so far as I can determine, but the species
are rare in all collections. Of the type, I have not seen more than twenty
examples, ten of which are in my own cabinet.

Lupithecta, the central genus, should be left for later assemblage into a
series of groups or sections, having as a basis for separation, for instance,
the biciliation of the antennz as in the /achrymosa group, or even minor
characters, some one thing which will serve to include an orderly series.
For the present this is impossible, until the species themselves are
determined, and especially does this apply to the many forms inhabiting
our western territory.

346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON CALIFORNIA BUTTERFLIES.
BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.

Observations on the Life-history of Chrysophanus gorgon, Boisd.

Chrysophanus gorgon flies throughout California in the foothills and
lower mountains, not inhabiting the valleys and plains to any extent. It
is also found in Nevada. Like other Chrysophanids, such as editha,
zeroé and cupreus, it has a rather wide distribution, yet is very local. I
had collected over two years in this county before I was aware of its
existence here. Mr, J. G. Grundel, at Alma, in this county, wrote me
last season that it was quite common there at an elevation of several
thousand feet, on the dry, hot hillsides, where its food-plant thrives, Several
days later I caught a fine fiery ¢, the only one I have ever seen in the
valley proper. Of the life-history, Mr. Grundel has published a few brief
notes (Entom. News, XV, 97, 1904), and I have given a description of
the egg, which I here repeat, in my review of the genus.*

£gg.—Diameter about 1 mm.; colour dirty creamy-white. Hemi-
spherical, flattened at base, marked by numerous polygonal or semi-
circular depressions. ‘The food-plant 1s a species of Evogonum {not
Erigonum), probably xudum, Douglas, a genus closely related to Rumex,
which is a common food-plant for Chrysophanids. The plant grows only
on the very dry hillsides, and it is in such places that gorgon may be
found abundantly. The eggs are laid in the forks of the plant, only one
being laid in a single fork by the same female, but the act is repeated by
others until there may be as many as seven or eight. On the last day of
May this year Mr. Grundel and I were collecting in the Santa Cruz
Mountains, where we found gorgon unexpectedly abundant and fresh.
The females are ordinarily quite rare, but we took the sexes in about
equal proportion. Several times I observed a female ovipositing. Alight-
ing on the stalk, she slowly backs up until she reaches the fork, when,
curving her abdomen downwards, she deposits an egg. In late May,
June and July oviposition takes place, and the young larvee normally hatch
towards the end of August. They are nocturnal, hiding in the daytime
in the leaves and rubbish at the base of the plant. They very readily
feign death, and sometimes, when disturbed, remain motionless for hours
ata time. At first the larve feed on the upper sides of the leaves, which

they greatly resemble in colour. Later, after several instars, they become
lighter, and they then feed on the under surface, to which they are now

’Psyche, XIV, 118; 1907:
October, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 347

similar. They grow very slowly, as the eggs hatch in late August and the
Jarvee do not attain maturity until the latter part of April and early May.
Mature Larva.— Onisciform, attenuated at the extremities, with the
posterior end well rounded ; thickly pilose, hairs somewhat clavate ; colour
light whitish-green, but slightly darker than the under side of the leaves of
the food-plant. Segments sharp ; head minute, pale, retractile within the
first segment. Dorsal surface convex, with a wide but faint dorsal band
in which is contained a narrower darker line ; ventral surface flat, hiding
legs and prolegs, somewhat lighter than above ; a creamish-white lateral
stripe just above the spiracles. Length about 18 mm.; width about 8 mm.
Pupation takes place on the under side of the lower leaves and in the
leaves and rubbish on the ground. ‘The pupa is suspended by the anal

extremity and with a median loop. Two of my larve pupated freely
among the leaves in their boxes.

Pupa.—Short, stout, of the same general colour as the larva, slightly
ashen posteriorly ; abdomen with numerous rather faint black points,
arranged in longitudinal series. Length, 10 mm.; width,5 mm. I had
but three pupe, and as these emerged during my absence, my description
is drawn from a few rough notes. The imagoes vary considerably in
colour, the females particularly. One specimen which emerged from a
pupa, the larva of which was obliged to pupate prematurely on account of
lack of food, expanded but a little over one inch. ‘The average expansion
is from 1.25-1.30 inch. I have also in my collection a striking ¢ aber-
ration, in which the spots of the under surface are greatly produced into
long black dashes, somewhat after the fashion of the inferior surface of the
secondaries of Lycena sagittigera ; above it is quite normal.

The Larva and Pupa of Lycena piasus, Boisd.

As far as I am aware nothing is known of the life-history of pzasus,
except that Lembert (Entom. News, VI, 138, 1895) writes of its ovi-
position, ‘‘on the racemes of the Lupinus densiflora, and on the bracts
of Z. chamisonis after they have fruited.” He also writes, “Lycena var.
on the inner side of the unopened buds of the thrysus of the 4sculus
Culifornicus (Buckeye).” The latter is also probably pzasus, as I have
several times this season found the larva on “scu/us blossoms. On the
first of June, while on a collecting trip, I found several full-grown larve,
which I collected, intending to get a description of them. Both had
pupated, however, before I returned home. The larva, as I remember it,

348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

was of a light greenish-white colour, somewhat pink-tinged. It was slug-
shaped, attenuated, the dorsum convex, the ventral surface flattened, the
legs retractile. Pupation took place freely among the leaves.

Pupa.— Colour dark brown, somewhat lighter on the ventral surface.
On abdomen several indistinct longitudinal series of black spots. Posterior
and anterior ends well rounded ; ventral outline straight ; dorsal outline,
except for a depression on the mesonotum, very evenly rounded. Length,
7 mm.; greatest breadth, 4 mm. One larva pupated June rst, and the
perfect insect emerged June 23rd.

A SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTER OF APHIDIDA
SUPPLEMENTARY.

BY JOHN J. DAVIS, OFFICE OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, URBANA, ILL.

Since the publication of “A Secondary Sexual Character of Aphidide,”
in Can. Ent., August, 1908, Dr. John B. Smith has called my attention
to two important papers on the tibial sensoria, which I overlooked in
the review of previous literature on the subject.

In Science for January 20, 1893 (Vol. XXI, p. 31), Dr. Smith speaks
of having found these ‘sensory pittings” on the hind tibiz of several
species of the oviparous female aphides, and that ‘“‘these structures differed
in each of the species examined in size, arrangement and number.” He
quotes a letter from Dr, C. V. Riley, to whom he had written for data as
to the occurrence of these sensoria in other species, which states that he
had found these “pits” present in ApAzs mali, A. prunt, Myzus mahaleb,
Siphonophora rose, Siphonophora sp., on rose; Callipterus sp. ? on oak ;
in Phyllaphis fagt, and in Melanoxanthus salicti, but had not found them
present in Schizoneura, Glyphina, Pemphigus or Phylloxera. Dr. Smith
further mentions and figures these tibial sensoria, in Bulletin 143 of the
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. I9g-20, 1900, as
occurring on the hind tibiz of the oviparous females of Aphis mal..

Mr. R. A. Vickery, in ““A Comparative Study of the External Anatomy
of Plant Lice” (separate from the 12th Report of the State Entomologist
of Minnesota, May, 1908), says, in his discussion of the legs of the
Aphidide, p. 11, “In the oviparous female of JVectarostphum rubicola,
Rhopalosiphum hippophaé, Callipterus trifolit, Toxoptera graminum,
Macrosiphum pisi and others the tibia of the hind leg is swollen for its
whole length, and is thickly dotted with clear pits, which closely resemble
the sensoria of the antenne. The tibia in this case has some function in

connection with oviposition.”
October, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349

A NEW SPECIES OF THE TORTRICIDA.

BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.

Argyroploce abtetana, n.s.—Expanse of wings, 21-23 mm. Head,
thorax and fore wings dark brown, varying somewhat in intensity of colour,
some specimens being lighter than others, caused more or less by yellowish-
brown scales intermixed with the dark brown. This is especially notice-
able in specimens taken in Amherst, Mass., as compared with specimens
taken in Maine. The fore wings are crossed by three silvery-white bands,
the first of which, arising from the basal fourth of the costa and ending at
the basal third of the hinder border, is divided by about three fine,
thread-like, irregular dark brown lines extending across the wing through
this band which receives, near the middle, an outward angle or tooth of
varying form, from the basal brown part of the wing, and there is some-
times a similar one on the outer side. The second band arises from two
small geminate wnite spots on the costa above the end of the cell, the
stripes from which unite at the end of the cell, and this band ends at the
outer fourth of the hind margin, and has a dark brown tooth extending
into it on the inner side on the median vein. ‘The sides of this band are
irregular, caused by indentations from the dark brown on each side. On
the costa, beyond the costal origin of the middle band, are two equidistant,
geminate, silvery-white streaks, the first of which is short, while the other
extends downward, giving off two branches in succession, to the outer
margin above the middle, and is often connected below with a similar
stripe extending up from the anal arigle, and also giving off branches to
the terminal margin. Fringes dark fuscous, with a darker extrabasal line.

Hind wings and abdomen above fuscous, with lighter fringes, which
have a darker extrabasal line. Under side of fore wings fuscous, with the
geminate costal spots reproduced beneath. Under side of hind wings,
thorax, abdomen and all of the legs fuscous, the tarsal segments tipped
with whitish.

Described from three male specimens taken in Amherst, Mass., one
of which I make the type, and four males from South Paris, Maine, sent
to me by Miss Edith M. Patch, Entomologist at the Maine Agricultural
Experiment Station at Orono, Me. Miss Patch wrote me as follows :
“On May 20 I received from South Paris, Maine, webbed twigs of spruce
containing pup of a Tortricid which had ruined some small spruces.

The moths began to emerge May 29.”
October, 1908

9

350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

This insect occurs in Amherst on Norway spruce. ‘The larve were
found May 7 to 10, 1891, and the following description was prepared by
Miss Rose L. Davis :

‘The larvee of this insect were found on young Norway spruces on
the Agricultural College grounds, under white silken webs at the base of
the leaves, which were mined by these minute larve. A small hole was
made on one side near the base and the entire contents were consumed,
leaving the leaf dead and of a dull reddish colour.

“The larvee, when full-grown, are about 7 mm. in length, cylindrical in
form, with the head of medium size, of a shining yellowish-brown colour,
and with a few fine hairs scattered over the surface. The rest of the body
is of a light greenish-brown colour, semitransparent. The thoracic and
anal shields are of a pale greenish colour, with the usual fine hairs on
these and over the surface of the body. When disturbed they quickly let
themselves down by a silken thread. The moths emerged June 2 to 5,
1892.”

I received four male specimens in poor condition from Prof. R. A.
Cooley several years ago, taken in Montana, but without any particulars
as to food and habits. These differ in no specific way from the Maine
specimens sent me by Miss Patch, except in size, the wing expanse of
which is 14-15 mm.

THE EARLY STAGES OF SAM/A COLUMBIA NOKOIZZ

BY W. J. FREEDLEY, JR., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Eggs deposited April 18, 1908; length, 2.6 mm.; breadth, 2 mm.;
depth, 1.5 mm. Flattish, and with a slight compression top and bottom.
Colour of egg apparently creamy-white, but very much discoloured by the
brown adhesive matter which attaches it to the object on which found.
Eggs much smaller than those of S. Cecropia. Larva, when first emerged,
from 3 to 4.5 mm. in length, glossy-black, with light green shading at the
base of tubercles. The tubercles glossy-black, with from 3 to 7 spines
also glossy black. Head large, glossy black, sparsely clothed with hairs.
Within two hours the larvee lost all the green shading, changing to glossy
black all over. On the fourth day the segments had a faint ochraceous
shade showing, which on the sixth day developed into a strong ochre-yellow
ground colour for the larvae, which still had glossy-black head, tubercles

and spines. At the end of the sixth day the length was 10 mm.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 351

The tubercles were numbered as follows: Eight on each of first five
segments, six each on next five, five on the eleventh, with the dorsal one
large and prominent, six on the twelfth.

On the eighth day the larvee stopped feeding and showed signs of the
first moult; anteriorly they had a slightly swollen appearance, owing to
the head being drawn into and partly under the first segment. On the
ninth day the swollen appearance increased, and the ljarvz diminished in
length ; all, with the exception of two, losing the bright ochre-yellow
colour, which was replaced by a dull yellowish-brown, shading darker near
the base of the tubercles.

On the tenth day all but five of the larve had moulted. Immedi-
ately after moulting they came out a brilliant orange-yellow, with head,
legs and tubercles translucent, and black spines on tubercles, At this
stage the length equals 13 mm. On the eleventh day increase in size was
the only change noticed.

On the twelfth day the largest larve were from 14 to 17 mm. in
length, had moulted once, and the colour faded from ochre-yellow to a
pale canary, with the joints between segments showing pale pea-green.
Head, tubercles, spines and a band near the base of the abdominal
legs, also the prolegs, glossy black.

On the thirteenth day the larvee were from 17 to 18 mm. in length ;
no other change ; but on the fourteenth day the largest stopped feeding,
evidently ready for the second moult. Head drawn into and under the
first segment; colour pale yellow, with slight greenish tinge between
segments. f

On the fifteenth day the Jargest larvee moulted, changing within two
hours to a greenish-yellow, but on the sixteenth day this changed to a pale
pea-green, with a slight bluish tinge dorsally and canary-yellow at base of
tubercles. The length was from 20 mm. to 23 mm. A slight increase in
size was the only change noted on the seventeenth day, the largest being
from 26 to 29 mm. in length. All the Jarve fed ravenously on Sa/ix
alba (cf. Canad. Entom., Vol. X., pp. 43-44). During the afternoon one
of the larve, a very large one, showed signs of being ready to moult.

Except for a slight increase in size, no change was observed during
the next two days, but on the twentieth day they passed the third moult.
Length from 28 mm. to 31 mm.; head yellowish-green, spotted slightly
with dark brown ; ocelli black ; prolegs yellowish-green ; thoracic legs a
glossy black. Segments clear bluish-green ; first segment with eight black

352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tubercles with black spines ; from the second segment to the tenth, inclu-
sive, the two dorsal tubercles bright yellow with black spines ; the large
dorsal tubercle on the eleventh segment the same colour ; all the lateral
tubercles and all the tubercles on the twelfth segment glossy black, with
black spines.

On the twenty-first day the only change noticed was that the thoracic
legs were greenish-yellow with glossy-black tarsi, but on the twenty-second
day the increase in size was very marked. ‘The length had increased from
36mm. to 44mm. At this stage the larve, when resting, assumed nearly
the same position as when ready to moult, but the head was not quite as
much withdrawn into the first segment. On the following day the larve
were preparing to moult, assuming the same position as usual, with head
drawn into and under the first segment, contracting to the length of 33 mm.

On the twenty-fourth day the larvee moulted for the fourth time, com-
ing out a greenish-slate colour, with head translucent pea-green, dorsal
tubercles ochre-yellow, lateral tubercles light blue. On the twenty-fifth
day the larvee were from 48 to 52 mm. in length ; head yellow-green ; first
segment pea-green; segments 2 to 12, inclusive, slate-green ; segment 13,
prolegs and anal prolegs pea-green and sparsely clothed with hairs ;
thoracic legs clear green with black tarsi; mandibles clear green with a
slight pinkish tinge. Tubercies on first segment small, glossy black, with
no spines ; the two dorsal ones on 2nd, 3rd and 4th large and prominent,
ochre-yellow, with side towards head glossy black, with eight glossy-black
spines. Two dorsal tubercles on segments 5-10 ochre-yellow, with from
one to three glossy-black spines ; large dorsal tubercle on segment eleven
ochre-yellow, with eight black spines ; all tubercles on 12th segment light
blue, with from two to five spines ; two dorsal tubercles on 13th segment,
glossy black, with hght blue tips and black spines. Lateral tubercles on
segments 2, 3 and 4 light blue, with black spines: on segments 5-10,
inclusive, pearl colour, with from one to three spines ; all spines through-
out glossy black.

On the twenty-seventh day length was 52 mm. contracted, 60 mm,
extended ; no other change. On the twenty-eighth day a slight increase
in size was the only change noted; but on the twenty-ninth day the in-
crease was much more marked. At this time the length was from 68 mm.
contracted, to 76 mm. when in motion ; the larve were very healthy look-
ing, and eating most of the time. On the thirtieth day there seemed no
change, except that the largest showed less inclination to eat. On the
thirty-first day all the larva were feeding well again, and the length was

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353

from 73 mm. contracted to 84 mm. when in motion. At this stage the
segments were exactly the colour of the under surface of the leaves of
Salix alba, a light gray-green. Otherwise there was no change. On the
thirty-second day the only change noticed was that two of the larve
stopped feeding, emptied their intestines of a very dark viscous fluid, and
began to wander around the jars in which they were confined. On the
thirty-third day, at 11 a.m., one of these began to spin, and at 7.30 p.m.
the other did the same. On the thirty-fourth day the remainder of the
larvee, with one exception, fed ravenously, and on the thirty-fifth day one
more cocoon was found in the jar. This cocoon seemed very much
lighter in colour than the other two, possibly owing to its being spun on a
white handkerchief, instead of directly on the side of the jar, as in the case
of the other two. At this time the remaining larvze were clear pea-green,
with a slight bluish tinge dorsally ; otherwise the colour was-unchanged.

On the afternoon of the thirty-sixth day another of the larve began
to spin, but the rest of the lot kept on feeding. The one spinning did not
empty its intestines, nor did it wander around the jar. On the thirty-
-seventh day another cocoon was found, and the remaining larve all showed
signs of spinning, with the exception of one. Another cocoon was found
on the thirty-seventh day, and still another on the thirty-eighth. One
larva died from no apparent cause, as it simply refused to feed and
gradually shrivelled up. This larva was examined carefully with a glass,
but showed no signs of being parasitized ; the only peculiar thing noted
was that it was continually passing a clear watery fluid, and no regular
- “balled” frass. J

The cocoons which were spun directly on the glass of the jars were
very free of the silvery threads so characteristic of Columbia, the silver-
silk being apparently used up in making a mat on which to construct the
cocoon. This mat, stretched over a space of about 4% inches by 234
inches, was very loosely laid at the outer margin, but next to the cocoon
was quite dense. Those cocoons formed on the twigs provided for the
purpose were a strong reddish-brown colour. with streaks and patches of
silvery-silk distributed over the surface of the cocoon. The inner cocoon
was of very close texture, much like parchment, and of a rather light
coffee colour ; very different from the inner cocoon of Cecropia, which is
very fluffy and of a light straw colour. ‘The size of the cocoon is as
follows: Length from 2 to 2% inches ; thickness from 17g to 2% inches.
It was rounded at one end and drawn out to a point at the other, with the
effect of a valve at the pointed end ; the inner cocoon was egg-shaped.

354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The above description is based on larve raised from moth to cocoon
by myself at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, through
the courtesy of Dr. Skinner, the entomological curator. Dr. Skinner kindly
turned over to me a number of eggs of this fine moth, seven of which I
succeeded in bringing through the various larval stages.

Note spy Dr. Henry SKINNER.—The Rev. Clement Hoyler, of
Strathcona, Alberta, kindly sent me a number of these cocoons last March.
He says of them: ‘About 75 percent. of the cocoons I obtained this
season were attached to young willow shoots, so far as they were brought
to me attached to anything. ‘The remainder were attached either to rose
bushes, balsam or trembling poplar, and in individual cases to the stalks
of an herb, the twining stem of Lonicera parviflora and a tamarack fence-
post. In all cases the cocoons were either in the midst of or compara-
tively near willow bushes. As to their height above ground, the distance
ranged from 8 to 18 inches as a rule.” The moths are smaller than
Columbia and much brighter in colour. Dr. Fletcher writes me that this
variety was described as latysamia Columbia nokomis in “The Biological
Review of Ontario,” in October, 1894. As this publication is not in our
library, I have been unable to examine it. The larve present many
differences from the descriptions of those of Columbia in the literature
The larve were given a variety of plants,* but refused to feed on any kind
but Sadix alba, and flourished on it.

ENTOMOLOGICAL RECORD.

With Mr. Gibson’s assistance, I have been taking notes during the
past season of all rare captures of insects made in Canada, or of insects
which have occurred at unusual seasons or outside their known limits.
These will be worked up for the Entomological Record for the year, as
usual. I shall be obliged to all readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
who will send in to me to the Central Experimental Farm, at Ottawa, any
records suitable for this purpose. I would also ask those sending in
records in the orders studied by them, to prefix in all cases the number in
the recognized check list of the order, or in the case of Diptera, the page
in Prof. Aldrich’s Catalogue. This is a small matter for those sending in
the lists, but is a much more serious undertaking when all of these lists
have to be consolidated and worked up in a short time after all the lists
have been received.—J. FLETCHER, President Ent. Soc. Ont.

“Ash, Norway Maple, Alder, Apple.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 355

MOUNTING INSECTS FOR THE MICROSCOPE.
BY J. R. DE LA ‘TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y.

Dr. Packard’s little book, ‘‘ Entomology for Beginners,” while not
exactly adapted to mere tyros, is really most suggestive to such as have
gone more deeply into the science. Its last chapters on dissection and
the preparation of insects for the microscope are especially useful, and
contain many helpful hints. From them I gathered my first notions of the
use of alkaline solutions for cleaning material, and of turpentine and
carbolic acid as cleaning and fixing agents. From Professor Gage’s book,
“The Microscope,” I learnt much of technique, and among other things
the use of carbol turpentine.

In my work in breeding water-bugs, it has been my endeavour to
dissect where possible or necessary, and to mount entire where the size of
the insect permitted, for the microscopic study of anatomy, which is a far
more satisfactory method than the examination of the entire insect by
means of a hand magnifier, or even under the microscope by reflected light.

My first work was very orthodox. My dissections and bugs were
passed through different grades of alcohol, then through turpentine, and
finally cleared by means of oil of cloves. From Professor Gage’s book I
absorbed the idea that all the gradual changes in the alcohol might be
advantageously omitted, which was done, and by various steps not
necessary to detail, my present procedure was evolved. It must be
borne in mind, however, that it is not my aim to bring out details of
internal anatomy, such as muscular structure, nervous or digestive systems,
etc., but to prepare the insect for the study of its external organization.

The simplest process is by the use of carbol turpentine. This I have
prepared by mixing approximately equal parts of carbolic acid crystals
with spirits of turpentine. Gage’s exact formula for this is 40 cc. carbolic
and 60 cc. turpentine. Into this the living insect is plunged, and it ceases
to struggle in a minute or less. In general, the legs and wings are spread
out when the insect finally succumbs, and no further arrangement is
necessary for mounting. After 24 hours or so, or even as little as 12, it is
possible to mount. In fact, the longer the time that elapses, the harder
and more brittle the insect becomes, so that there is danger of breaking
off appendages by the mere weight of the cover glass. Flies killed in
this medium extrude the tongue most beautifully.

For dead insects from the cyanide bottle the method is slightly

different. These are put at once into 957 alcohol, and after dehydration
October, 1908

356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

for not less than 24 hours, are drained on a piece of filter paper and put
into pine spirits of turpentine, or sometimes into the carbol turpentine, for
some nours. I generally leave all this material overnight or longer,
according to the time I have for mounting,

All mounts are in balsam in xylene (xylol), without pressure, except
for flat objects. Ifa sufficient amount of balsam be used, the insects will
not be crushed out of shape. For bulky ones, however, a cell of some
kind is advisable.

In the work on the respiratory system of Belostoma and of Ranatra,
while the final dissections were mounted by the alcohol and turpentine
method outlined above, the specimens were obtained as follows: The bug
preserved in alcohol was cut longitudinally in half by.means of a scalpel
or a pair of scissors. The two halves of the body were then carefully
boiled in a strong solution of caustic potash after the alcohol was quite
thoroughly washed out. This, of course, largely takes place in the pre-
liminary dissection. The boiling potassium hydrate dissolves out all the
viscera and leaves the entire tracheal system untouched zz sétu. Care
must be exercised, however, not to carry the solution too far, as otherwise
the trachese themselves will be attacked. It is now a simple matter to
dissect out tracheze and spiracles for mounting. The dissections must be
repeatedly and carefully washed in clean water, which must be changed
each time, until not a trace of the alkali remains, before being put into
plenty of 95% alcohol. The turpentine clearing is the next step, and the
preparation is ready for mounting.

Mounts of the false spiracles of Aazatra thus prepared show the
occluding membrane of the round perforations and the slit-like true
spiracle situated in the widened peritreme.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The forty-fifth annual meeting wiil be held at the Ontario Agricultural
College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November 5th and 6th. On
the former evening there will be a public meeting in Massey Hall, when
addresses will be given by President Creelman, of the College ; Mr. C. C.
James, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Ontario; Dr. Fletcher, Presi-
dent of the Society, and an illustrated lecture by Dr. E. P. Felt, State
Entomologist of New York. Morning and afternoon sessions will be
held, at which papers on scientific and economic entomology will be read,
and officers will be elected for the ensuing year.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ool

GENERA INSECTORUM, Fascicule 72.—-Innumerable errors mar the
pages of this Fascicule. While mostly of minor importance, these
mistakes are, nevertheless, decidedly objectionable. Many of them would
have been eliminated had it been possible to secure a second proof of the
text. This, however, the publisher refused to send, in spite of a very
urgent request from the writer to do so. The most serious error noted is
on p. 25, 6 lines from the top, where Psorodonotus radiata should read
Psorodonotus pancici.—A. N. CAuDELL.

SOME REMARKS ON THE PHYLOGENY OF THE
HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

The classification of the Heteroptera, as usually adopted by the
Systematists of to-day, seems to be somewhat far from representing the real
phylogeny of the suborder. Schiddte’s illuminating paper of 1869 has
been little followed by the majority of workers, who seem to have mis-
apprehended some of the salient points.* The order of families adopted
by Lethierry and Severin, that put forward by Osborn, and that used lately
by Distant, which is practically a copy of Saunders’s, are all apparently
unnatural.

Schiddte’s divisions are based on the method of articulation of the
hind cox, and appear to me to be natural, sharply limited, and probably
very ancient. Which of the two groups is the more generalized, however,
is not easy to decide.

The following brief notes are intended to stir up some thought on the
subject. I am obliged to take as granted, or very probable, certain
unproved points, as this is simply a summary, but later on I hope to treat
the subject in detail.

My conception of a typical, rather primitive, Heteropteron, say of
late Carboniferous time, is of an insect not very distinct, perhaps, from a
modern Cimicine (Asopine), such as Czmex ( Picromerus) bidens.

*Sharp, in reproducing Schiddte’s table, places the ‘‘Capsidz”’ in the Trocha-
lopoda. No wonder that Sharp finds that ‘‘Schiddte’s characters do not divide
his two divisions at all sharply !”

October, 1908

3958 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This primitive form would, as an adult, be rather strongly and heavily
built ; the tegmina would be sharply divided into three areas, viz.: clavus,
corium and membrane, the latter being membranous and numerously
veined, the two former coriaceous. The antenne would be 5-segmentate,7
the base concealed under the head; the labium (rostrum) would be free,
and would be composed of four segments; the tarsi would have three
segments, and the metasternal glands would be very strongly developed.
The nymphs would also possess well-developed stink-glands, three in
number at least, and paired. ,

This development of the stink-glands, the sharp limiting of the mem-
brane from the coriaceous part of the tegmina, the quadrisegmentate
Jabium, etc., are, in my opinion, fundamental characters of a typical
Heteropteron, and it is in those forms which are obviously highly modified,
that any departure from the above is specially shown. Entirely mem-
branous tegmina are found in Gerridz and Enicocephalidz, obviously
highly-modified families. It isin the Gerridz also, and the true water-
bugs, that degeneration of the metasternal stink-glands has proceeded
so far.

Osborn, in his classification, has allied the Miride with the Pyrrho-
coride, the Acanthiide with the Gerride, and the Aradidz with the
Clinocoride, but these alliances are certainly superficial, not phylo-
genetic.

The classification adopted by Distant is entirely artificial, as well as
inaccurate in details. He retains the discredited divisions of ‘‘Gymno-
cerata” and ‘“Cryptocerata,” and proceeds at first in the former by
separating off the Gerride and the Nzogeinz, because the sternites are
clothed beneath with silvery-velvety pubescence! The Cimicidz are then
separated off by the scutellum reaching at least to the base of the mem-
brane (though this is not the case in at least some Urostyline), the
scutellum in the other families being stated not to reach the base of the
membrane, although this is certainly the case in most, if not all,
Macrocephalide and Aradide. The Acanthiide are associated with the
Reduviide, the Aradide with the Macrocephalidz, and the Nepidz with
the rest of the Waterbugs.

|The possession of only four segments in almost all Heteropterous nymphs
may prove that the adults of my supposed primitive Heteropteron really had only
the same number, but it is a matter of little consequence.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359

In 1907 I proposed a classification of two superfamilies in each main
division, and six families in each superfamily. My friend, Dr. Bergroth
(¢z Zitt.), suggests that in the Cimicoidez, the Cimicide form a superfamily,
the Tingidz another, the remaining three families another. This is very
probably more correct, but it has this objection, viz.: that its adoption
would obscure the much closer mutual relationship between these three
‘“‘superfamilies” than between any of them and the Nepoidee. Since
proposing the above classification, I have acquired some specimens of
Urostylis, which was previously unknown to me in nature. This genus
seems to me to be a very aberrant Cimicid, and in some respects to be
more allied to the Lygeide. At present I propose to establish eight
families in the Cimicoidez, viz.: Cimicide, Cydnide,* Urostylide, Aradide,

Lygeidz, Pyrrhocoride, Myodochide (=Geocoride) and Tingide. The

Tessaratominez lead to the Aradide, the Urostylide to the Lygeide.
More study of nymphal characters in Cydnidz and Urostylide is needed,
indeed, in all the families.

My classification may stand for the present as follows :

Superfamily I.—C1mIcoIDE&.

1. The articulation of the antenne with the head, concealed from above.
Ova deposited externally. Nymphs, in the last instar at least, with
three orifices (on the 4th, 5th and 6th tergites), the first of which is
sometimes paired. [Scutellunrnearly always greatly developed. |. 2.

ta. Antenne not thus concealed. Scutellum mediocre or small....... 2.
2. Abdominal segments normal. Tibie not spiny........1. Crmicide.
2a. Only five sternites clearly seen (exclusive of genital segments). Tibiz
SIS ree ees OE 6 dine ode ajar ee 2. Cyduide.

22 Parsi consisting of three segpmentsoe........ 22. iy Lee eae
3a. Tarsi consisting of two segments ........-. 6+ eee ce eee e eee ee 7:
4. Antenne with five segments oa ie habitus Cimicidiform [meta-
morphoses unknown]........°......+-0+-+++++++3+ Orostylide.

*I am indebted to Dr. Bercreth for calling my attention to certain charac-
ters in this.

+I have now received a Chinese form with only four segments, which I shall
describe as 7essaromerus.

360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

4a. Antenne with four segments ; general habitus not Cimicidiform....5.
5. Antenne infraoral:), Ova deposited externally.io% 2.22 27k. ce eee
sa. Antenne almost always preoral. Membrane almost always with more
than. eight veins. Ova deposited externally. Nymphs with two

orifices: (Onisth' and Gtlierpitesy. yint seats) bo ae ce 7. Lygeide.
6. Membrane with more than eight veins. Nymphs with three
OFMICES a ays tae es ae a aoe tghee tind 5 sg eS ce HI ae ee
6a. Membrane with five veins, or less. Nymphs with two or three
OTIfiCES fos cn wcert es Spee na bs On A POROChIde | — Geocennn a
7. Tegmina neither cellulate nor reticulate. Nymphs with three
* ‘orifices. ‘Ova extérmali ns . ¢ sSe pperd cso «, Fates eo epemeta dl a elie aes
7a. Tegmina cellulate or reticulate. Ova inserted. Nymphs with two
orifices: (on’ ath and sthy,. .°c2 sje Sake i oS eect Oma are
Superfamily I].—NEPoOIDE-.
t wAbdominal spiracles normal. ..+. 5 .9.:..0% ate <3 See eee
1a. Last pair of abdominal spiracles siphunculate..........14. Weside.
2 “Adults with metasternal odoriferous Orfices.<....2). 72... 0% -. eee
2a. Adults lacking the above, but with one median orifice on the fused
metasternum and first abdominal sternite...........11. Gerride.
3. No prosternal stridulating@pparatus. <72 . 80) ssi eee
3a. Well-developed stridulating apparatus on the prosternum......... Ee
4. Four distinct labial segments. Membrane and coriaceous parts of the
tegmina distinct, the former with numerous veins......9. abide.

4a. Three apparent labial segments, the true first annuliform. Tegmina
entirely membranous, with few veins.........10. Entcocephalide.

5. Fore femora more or less normal, with the tibiz, never cancriform.
Nymphs with three orifices. Ova external........12. Reduviide.

5a. Fore femora enormously dilated, with the tibiz, cancriform. Nymphs

with orifices on 5th and 6th tergites only. Ova
extemal: 2.1) 0..2..--mam. .. 13. Macrocephalide (—fFhymaime,

Superfamily I1].—MziRro1DE#.
This table is not satisfactory, owing to tne fact that two families are
known only in the apterous state.
1. Tegminal veins never areolately joined. Third segment of antenne
not thickened towardsitlie: bases ..28 ti0"s sic teen sb eye cee

Ta.

Ta,

2a.

4a.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361

Tegmina with the veins more or less areolately joined. Third segment
of antennez thickened towards the

bas€.. 2+. ede ee eT. 202 Dipsovoridea (= Ceratocombida).
. Macropterous forms with incomplete cuneus, but well-developed
ccelli. Head produced horizontaliy in front. Ova laid externally.
INVRIpUS witw tree OFACEse., Sane. . . 1.0 gamete ene a eee
. Macropterous forms with complete cuneus, ocelli obscure. Head
rarely produced horizontally. Nymphs with only a single orifice
(on the 4th tergite). Ova inserted in the leaves or stems of
POR cies nin sh at fn aps tee pa e+, song cee a
. Rarely brachypterous. Clypeus es Head not channelled
Bemeat hin 22S 35. lu se, en ey .15. Anthocoride.
. Always strongly brachypterous. Cippeits short or aa peaecniie absent.
Head «nore ertlessiehannelied : beneath ts cara eae ee
. Not furnished with comb-like fringes, only scattered hairs. Eyes well
dewelopeches tii fe Pet ae ak ee eae. SPL Eee oh eee ee een
. Furnished with comb-like fringes. Eyes absent....17. Polyctenide.
. Coxe short, somewhat remote............+---e. 16. Clinocoride.
. Coxe rather elongate, subcontiguous .............18. &pophilide.

Superfamily [V.—NoTONECTOIDE&.

. Antenne free, and more or less conspicuous. Nymphs with odorif-

PFOMSRGEIICES tan mmo ee et ek Oe. . i D. See eee 2.

Antenne concealed, usually in fovere on the under side of the head.
Wymphs*lacking “odoriferous oriees . 22 2 ee

. First segment of antenne reaching well beyond the apex of the head ;

membrane-cells lacking cross veins.............21. Acanthiide.

Second segment of antenne not extending as far as the apex of the
head ; membrane-cells with cross-veining..........22. Ochteride.

. Fore legs inserted on the disk of the fore margin of the prosternum. 4.
. Fore legs inserted on the hind margin of the prosternum..........5.

. Antennz more or less simple. Legs not, or scarcely, simple. Wings

not reticulate. Ova laid on leaves, etc., of

Water planise ss. 3. LMaucoride (including Mononyx, etc.).
Antenne highly modified. Legs strongly flattened. Wings more or

less reticulate. Ova laid on the back of the male..24. Le/ostomide.

362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

5. Labium composed of two segments at most. The forms swim on their

bellies. Ova laid extennally#:.% c.cien Gasgs su eames wera

5a. Labium free, composed of three or four segments. Forms swim on
their backs. Ova inserted in stems, etc., of water-

Pawn ts oie kneel on, BIRR «ae aie a Sih ae, ee heck va ark IR nee

Considering, then, the nymphal characters, the number of segments
in the tarsi, the condition of the tegmina, and of the stink-glands, etc., it
seems to me that the only families that have any claims to be considered
typical are the Cimicidz, Pyrrhocoride, Myodochide, Nabide and
Anthocoride.

The Anthocoride are undoubtedly the most generalized of the
Pagiopoda, and are probably very ancient,* but I think that the Pagiopoda
are less typical, as a whole, than the Trochalopoda. The Nabide have
less highly-developed stink-glands, and, I think, are a development of
some ‘‘Protomyodochidz” in the direction of greater rapacity and agility.
The ocellated ancestors of the Pyrrhocoride might almost as well, how-
ever, as the Cimicide,f be the most typical Heteroptera. It is the fact
that certain Cimicid nymphs have the first orifice paired, that leads me to
propose that place for them, and it will scarcely be questioned that it is
much more likely that a paired gland should become coalesced, than that a
single gland should be divided in such a case.

The Heteroptera are admittedly one of the most ancient and isolated
groups of insects, but they were probably much more dominant in past
times than to-day. I believe that the families which are usually regarded
as the “highest” are really so, but are also at the same time nearest to the
typical Heteropteron of the later Paleozoic times, when it had finally
separated itself from the Homoptera, and a long time since from the other
Insecta. |

The subjoined table shows, in some sort, my views on the probable
phylogemy of the Heteroptera, but a good deal of latitude must be given
to the detailed lines of descent.

The following shows my opinion as to the general relationships of the
26 families :

*Reuter says: ‘‘J’ai commencé mon ouvrage par la famille des Capsides
[Miridze], parceque celle-ci me parait étre la plus basse dans le systéme” (Act.
Soc. Sci. Fenn., XIII, 6), but this was in 1878. See the P.S. at the end of this
paper.

tIn selecting ‘‘Cimicidz,” I refer specially only to the Cimicinz (= Asopinz).
The other subfamilies are mostly much more recently developed.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363

i

.. oe
)

on Ce pee

Faq fid ; :
Notenecleideae]) 23 ( awearidae [

Although this note seems to assume a good deal on rather imperfect
grounds, I feel sure that it approximates more closely to the true philogeny
of the insects under discussion than any of the groupings now current,
and I hope that it will stir up some research and discussion on this
fascinating subject.

REFERENCES.

Schibdte: ‘Nogle nye Hovedsztninger af Rhynchoternes Morphologi og
Systematik,” Naturh. Tidsskr. (3) VI, 237-66 (1869) ; translated
into English in the Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) VI, 225-49 (1870).

Osborn: “The Phylogeny of Hemiptera,” P. E.S., Wash., III, 185-90
(1895).

‘Sharp: Cambridge Natural History, VI, 543-4 (1901).

Distant: Fauna of India, Rhynchota I, pp. xxxvi-xxxvill (1902).

Kirkaldy: “Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Isles.
No. 1,” P. Hawaiian E. S., I, 135-6r (1907) ; classification on
pp- 137-8.

P. S.—Some time after I had sent the foregoing notes for publication,
I received, through the kindness of the author, Reuter’s ‘‘Bemerkungen
uber Nabiden,” in Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., XV, 87-130 (1908).

Reuter does not accept Schiddte’s divisions of Trochalopoda and
Pagiopoda, and apparently prefers to form the preliminary divisions of the
Heteroptera upon the shape of the ova. He also merges the Nepoidez in
the Miroidee, and considers that the Nabide are closely allied to the
Acanthiide and Anthocoride. He, however, admits that my placing of
the Miridee and Notonectide as terminal twigs is probably correct, and
throws much light on previously obscure points.

As Dr. Reuter may perhaps rediscuss the whole question after the
perusal of this contribution, I merely remark now that he has seemingly
overlooked the important fact that in the Miroidez the meso- and meta-
pleura are composed of more than one piece each, while this is not the
case in the Nepoidew.

All through the above paper for ‘‘Cydnide” read ‘‘Thyreocoride,”
and for “Urostylide” read ‘‘Urolabidide.”

364

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 365

EMPHYTINZ — NEW GENERA AND SPECIES AND
SYNONYMICAL NOTES.

BY ALEX. =D. MACGILLIV.RAY, ITHACA, N-ay..

The subfamily Emphytine as understood by the writer should be
characterized as follows: the front wings with the first and second anal
cells present and separate ; the second anal cell strongly contracted at
middle of the hind margin ; the radial cross-vein present ; the free part of
R; always present ; the radio-medial cross-vein usually present; the
medio-cubital cross-vein and the free part of M;,, parallel ; the hind wings
with the free part of R, and the transverse part of M, present or wanting ;
the antennz with nine segments.

COCKERELLONIS, n. gen.—Front wings with the second abscissa of Cu
distinctly longer than the free part of M,; the free part of znd A perpen-
dicular ; the radial and the radio-medial cross-veins present ; the hind
wings with the cell R,,. with a long appendage ; the free part of R, and
the transverse part of M, present ; the posterior metatarsus shorter than
the four following segments; the claws simple, without a tooth. Type,
Cockerellonis occidentalis, MacG. ;

Cockerellonis occidentalis, n. sp.—Black, with the following parts
reddish-yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles except at apex,
the inner margin of the eyes very narrowly, the tegulz, the collar broadly,
the wings at base and the costa, the apices of the costa, the trochanters in
great part, the femora narrowly at base and apex, more pronounced on
the anterior, the tibiz except fuscous marks on the outside of the middle
and posterior, the base of the tarsi, and the apex of the ventral abdominal
segments ; the clypeus deeply and broadly emarginate ; the third segment
of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the ocellar basin weil
marked and deep ; the frontal crest prominent and not interrupted ; the
vertical foveze deep, diverging behind, puncture-like, and not reaching the
occiput ; the head and thorax smooth; the stigma brownish-black ; the
wings hyaline, slightly clouded, the veins black. Length, 6 mm.

Habitat.— Ruidosa Creek, New Mexico, 6,600 ft. elevation, July rst,
on fronds of Pteris aguilina, collected by Prof. E. O. Wooton, No. 8,
received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. This species was listed as
Taxonus (strongylogaster ) occidentalis, MacG., MS. by Prof. Cockerell in
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. for 1898 (publ. 1399), page 212.

EPITAXONUS, n. gen.—Front wings with the second abscissa of Cu
distinctly longer than the free part of M,; the free part of 2nd A perpen-

dicular ; the hind wings with the cell R,,. with an appendage at apex; the
October, 1908

366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

posterior metatarsus shorter than the four following segments together ;
the claws with a minute erect tooth at middle. Type, Zaxonus albido-
pictus, Nort.

Taxonus, Htg.—This genus was described by Hartig in Die Familien
der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, Berlin, 1837. The following species
were included: JVitida, Kig. (=agrorum, Fall); striéta, Klg.; dzcolor,
Klg., and coxalis, Htg. (=eguzsetz, Fall), and agzdis, Klg. (=glabratus,
Fall). So far as I have been able to determine, no type has been indicated
for this genus, and in order that the same group of species may be retained
in the genus, eguzsetz, Fall, should be taken as type.

Taxonus montanus, MacG.—The unique male type of this species on
careful study and comparison proves to be the same as Ffttaxonus
albidopictus, Nort.

Taxonus floridanus, Prev.—This is a synonym of SPseudosiobla
robusta, Kirby.

Taxonus unicinctus, Nort.—From a careful study of all the material
at hand, I have come to the conclusion that Zaxonus unicinctus, Nort.;
Strongylogaster pallicoxus, Prov., and Zaxonus borealis, MacG., are all
one and the same species. Norton’s name is the older and should be
used ; the species belongs in Ashmead’s genus Strongylogastroidea.

Monosrecia, Costa.—This genus, as near as it is possible for me to
determine at this time, was proposed by Costa to include Zuteola, Klg.
(=abdominalis, Fab.). Fabricius’s species is readily separated from
Poecilostomad by having the claws bifurcate at apex. The name J/ono-
stegia is used here in its original sense, and abdominadts, Fab., is taken as
its type. |

Monostegia Martini, n. sp.— Black, with the following parts rufous:
the labrum, the collar broadly, the tegule, the metathorax, the abdomen,
the legs, and the base of the wings; the second segment of the antennz
as long as the fourth and fifth together; the frontal ridge wanting and
the antennal fovea and the ocellar basin united. Length, 7 mm.

Habitat.— Westfield, Mass., J. O. Martin collector.

PHRONTOSOMA, n. gen.—Front wings with the second abscissa of Cu
subequal in length to the free part of M,; the free part of 2nd A oblique ;
the hind wings with the cell R,,. always with a distinct appendage at
apex; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four following
segments ; the claws cleft, with the inner lobe not more than one-half the
length of the outer lobe. Type, Phrontosoma atrum, MacG.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 367

Phrontosoma atrum, n. sp.—Body black, with the tegule, a fine line
on the collar, and all the legs beyond the apical third of the femora, white;
the apex of the posterior tibiz and the tarsi infuscated ; the antennal
furrow below the lateral ocelli broad and coarsely punctured ; the frontal
ridge wanting and the antennal fovea and ocellar basin continuous ; the -
third segment of the antenne as long as the fourth and fifth together.
Length, 6 mm. .

Habitat.—Ames, Iowa. E. D. Ball, collector.

Phrontosoma NNortoni, MacG.—This species was described in the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1894, XXVI, 324, asa new species of Cadiroa.

Phrontosoma Daeckei, n. sp.—Body black, with a rufous spot covering
the collar and mesonotum ; the tegulz and legs beyond the apical third of
the femora, white; the third segment of the antenne as long as the fourth
and fifth together ; the frontal ridge distinct and unbroken, the antennal
fovea and the ocellar basin therefore not continuous ; the antennal fovea
as large or larger than the ocellar basin, and extending through the
hypoclypeal area ; the triangular depression behind the anterior ocellus
not extending to the antennal furrow. Length, 7 mm.

Habitat.—Glenside, Mtg. County, Pern. E. Daecke, collector.

Phrontosoma coltaris, n. sp.—Body black, witha rufous spot covering
the greater part of the prothorax and the mesonotum; the third segment
of the antennz hardly as long as the fourth and fifth segments together ; the
frontal ridge distinct and unbroken ; the antennal fovea long and distinct;
the ocellar basin almost wanting ; the triangular depression behind the
anterior ocellus distinct and extending to the antennal furrow. Length,
7 mm.

Habitat.—Ames, Iowa. E. D. Ball, collector.

Emphytus cinctipes, Nort.—Many writers since the time of Norton
have considered this species as the same as the European Amphytus
cinctus, Linn., while the coloration is practically identical, the form of the
frontal area, the shape of the saw-guides, and the dentation of the saws is
entirely different, and I believe that Norton’s species should be recognized
as distinct.

PARATAXONUS, n. gen.—Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
always present ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
part of M,; the hind wings with both the free part of R, and the transverse
part of M, wanting ; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four
following segments together ; the claws with a large erect tooth at middle.
Type, Zaxonus multicolor, Nott.

368 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Polytaxonus, n. gen.—Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
always present ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
part of M,; the hind wings with both the free part of R, and the transverse
part of M, wanting; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the four
following segments together ; the claws appendiculately toothed at base.
Type, Zaxonus robustus, Prov.

ERIocAMPA, Hartig.—American writers have erroneously referred
the species of the genus Cad:roa, Costa, to Lriocampa, and the American
species that belong to Zrzocampa to Stephens’s genus Sciapteryx. So far
as I am aware the genus Sc/apteryx does not occur in America.

Sciapteryx punctum, Prov.—This is the female of Dimorphopteryx
pinguis, Nort.

Eriocampa rotunda, Nort.—This is the female of Erzocampa obesa,
Say. Say described his species as an A//antus, and his name should have
precedence.

MonsoMa, n. gen.—Front wings with the radio-medial cross-vein
always present ; the second abscissa of Cu always shorter than the free
part of M,; the hind wings with the free part of R, wanting and the trans-
verse part of M, present; the posterior metatarsus never longer than the
four following segments together; the head and the thorax smooth,
without punctures. Type, Poect/ostoma inferentia.

Poecilostoma albosecta, Prov. — Specimens of this species and
Poectlostoma inferentia, Nort., are taken in this region commonly and
together on Alder. Although very differently coloured, they are identical
in structural characteristics ; there is but little doubt that they are the
male and the female of the same species.

MacrREMPHYTUS, n. gen.—Front wings with the radial cross-vein
present and the radio-medial cross-vein wanting ; the second abscissa of
Cu almost obliterated by the migration of M,+Cu, towards the medio-
cubital cross-vein; the hind wings with the cell R,,, extending to the apex
of the wing, with a slight appendage at apex; the free part of R, wanting,
the transverse part of M, present ; the posterior metatarsus distinctly longer
than the four following segments; the claws cleft, the rays subequal.
Type, Harpiphorus varianus, Nett.

This genus is erected to include the American species referred to the
genus Harpiphorus. This genus contains a single European species,
which is readily differentiated by having the second segment of the
antennz longer than the first. The length of the posterior metatarsus in

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 369

Macremphytus also prevents its confusion not only with Harpiphorus, but
also with the genus Lmphytus and the genera allied to it.

STRONGYLOGASTER, Dahlb.—Dahlbom in his ‘‘ Conspectus Tenthre-
dintidum, Stricidum et Oryssinorum Scandinavie quas Hymenopterorum
Familias,” published in the Kongl. Svenska, Vertens. Acad. Handlg. for
the year 1835, gives a list of the species of Tenthredinoidea of the
Scandinavian peninsula, in which he has introduced several new names,
but has not appended any descriptions. The genus Strongylogaster is
such an one. Dahlbom included under this name //icis, Klg.; maxta,
Klg., and cimgulata, Fab. Jfixta is congeneric with contigua, Knw.,
which belongs to the genus ZArznax, Kuw.; contigua should be taken as
the type of this genus. Ashmead has made //icts, Klg., the type of
Polystichophagus, Ashm. This leaves only cingulata, Fab., for Strongy-
logaster, which becomes type by elimination. This leaves the American
species of Strongylogaster in which the free part of 2nd A is present to be
provided for ; they belong to Ashmead’s genus Strongylogastroidea, of
which Strongylogaster aptcalis, Say, is type.

Strongylogastroidea spiculatus, n. sp.— Body black, with the following
parts white ; the clypeus, the labrum, the four apical segments of the
antenne, the tegulee, a very narrow line on the collar, the posterior coxz#
in great part, the trochanters, and the scutellum ; with the following parts
rufous : the head except the ocellar and postocular areas and the lower
half of the antennal furrow, the prothorax at sides, the median lobe of the
mesonotum, an irregular spot on the mesopleura, the abdomen except
the saw-guides, the front and middle Iegs beyond the middle of the femora,
and the posterior tibize and tarsi; the anterior ocellus is situated in front
of a distinct angularly diverging ridge; the saw-guides with the upper
margin straight, the lower margin semi-straight, roundly and obliquely
truncated and pointed at apex. Length, 11 mm.

Habitat.— Ellenville, N. Y. Chester Young, collector.

Strongylogastroidea confusa, n. sp.—Body rufous, with the following
parts white: a narrow line on the collar, the scutellum and postscutellum,
the apices of the cox, and the trochanters ; with the following parts
black: a spot surrounding the ocelli, a small spot on the middle of the
postocular area, the lateral lobes of the mesonotum, the prothorax in great
part, the pectus and the bases of the coxe; the saw-guides concave above,
convex below, the apex almost squarely truncate. Length, 9 mm.

Habitat..—West Springfield, Mass. J. O. Martin, collector.

370 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

MEIGEN’S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA.
BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO.

Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1763-1845), was, says Schiner, ‘‘Incon-
testibly the first and greatest dipterologist of his time and all times.” He
had a good perception of generic characters, and had perhaps the first
really comprehensive collection of European Diptera ever made upon
which to exercise his talents. Added to these favouring conditions, he
must also have had immense patience and tenacity to carry out through
twenty years of almost continuous publication his monumental work.
“Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europdischen zweifligligen
Insekten.” |

Such being the prominence and reputation of Meigen, it is not sur-
prising that considerable attention should be given to anything written by
him. The paper from which many of his principal genera have been
dated, and which most entomologists have supposed to be his earliest one,
is entitled, ‘Versuch einer neuen Gattungs Eintheilung der europaischen
zweifliigligen Insekten,” and was published in Illiger’s Magazin fur
Insektenkunde, Vol. II, pp. 259-281, in the year 1803. The article has
a page of introduction by the editor, Illiger, calling attention to the fact
that Meigen had already prepared a large ainount of material for a com-
prehensive work on Diptera, and bespeaking for him the necessary
financial support for its publication. The article itself contains no
explanatory matter by Meigen, but merely gives short descriptions of 114
genera of Diptera, mostly new, with one or more typical or illustrative
species mentioned in connection with most of them ; a considerable num-
ber, however, have no species meutioned.

That Meigen had already published another paper with a similar
scope is nowhere mentioned or suggested in the 1803 article, but has been
known for many years. Hagen lists it in his ‘Bibliotheca Entomologica,”’
although he had not seen it. It has been referred to once or twice in
literature, but has remained practically unknown until recently ; now,
however, Mr. Fr. Hendel has published an extended article on it in the
‘“Verhandlungen der kaiserlichen-k6éniglichen zoologischen-botanischen
Gesellschaft in Wien,” 1908, 43-69. He quotes the generic descriptions
in full and gives his ideas of their meaning. His own copy and the one in
Osten Sacken’s collection are the only ones known to Hendel. As Hagen
mentions the paper as containing forty pages, it is evident that Hendel

does not give it entire, but only the part which is important for
October, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — aT1

nomenclature. Not having seen the original, I am obliged to follow
Hendel’s data in the discussion which follows.

The title of the paper is ‘“‘Nouvelle classification des Mouches a deux
Ailes (Diptera L.) d’aprés un plan tout nouveau,” and the date is “Paris
an VIII,” that is, the eighth year of the French Revolution, or 1800.

The work contains no mention of specific names at all in connection
with the generic descriptions. The latter are brief, and in most cases in
rather general terms, such as the number of joints in the antenne,
presence or absence of ocelli and tibial spurs, whether the wings are
folded or divaricate in repose, etc. It is not to be denied, however, that
occasional decisive characters are found, but not in many genera.

Hendel had great difficulty, as he admits, in determining the meaning
or application of these generic names, until he received from Bezzi the
happy suggestion that the 1803 paper contains most of the same matter
translated into German, hence a comparison of the two would reveal the
identity of the earlier ones. - Following this out Hendel was enabled to
trace the connection, and thus he learned that Meigen had changed nearly
all of his generic names in 1803 from those he proposed in 1800. Fort
instance, Flabellifera became Ctenophora ; Petaurista became Trichocera;
Zelmira, Platyura ; Fungivora, Mycetophila; Lycoria, Sciara; Helea,
Ceratopogon; Tendipes, Chironomus; Eulalia, Odontomyia; Noeza,
Hybos ; Clythia, Platypeza, and maiy others.

A glance at the names mentioned will indicate that Meigen had in
the interim adopted a new principle in the formation of generic names,
changing from Latin or Latin-sounding words to those derived somewhat
rigorously from Greek roots. It is possible that he was troubled with
doubts as to whether any generic term would “stand” if not derived from
Greek ; at any rate, the nature of the changes indicates what was his
purpose.

Now, a few words as to the effect upon nomenclature of this newly-
opened chapter of entomological history. Mr. Hendel asserts that the
older names, as ascertained by the method of comparing the German
translation of the 1800 paper with the 1803 paper, must replace the latter
in toto, taking as types those assigned in 1803. He says, “As the reader
of the following pages will observe, the acceptance of the old names of
Meigen will create a complete revolution in dipterological nomenclature ;
this is, indeed, to be regretted, but is unfortunately unavoidable. /7az
Justitia, pereat mundus |”

3T2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I am so far from coinciding in my views with Mr. Hendel that I must
confess that the simplicity of his position is absolutely laughable.

I do not approach the question with the idea that two sets of names
stand before the bar of justice with exactly equal claims upon our decision.
The case is more nearly analogous to one that has several times arisen
within a generation in the United States, when some persons have
endeavoured to claim valuable tracts of real estate on the basis of transfers
from Indian tribes a century or so ago. Even if the original transaction
had occurred as claimed, the contestants will find that every possible
presumption will be used against them, and justly so, to avoid the great
practical wrong and hardship of upsetting titles to real estate. So in this
case we ought to have no hesitancy in admitting that our attitude is that
no old names like these can create a “revolution” unless they exhaust
every legal technicality that we can throw in their way. This is not an
unfair position. It does not involve an ultra-conservatism, nor does it
involve a disregard of proper or generally-accepted rules of nomenclature.
It does involve some comprehension of the value of stability in nomen-
clature, a subject on which many entomologists might cogitate long with
profit.

Mr. Hendel does not cite any rules of nomenclature to justify his
acceptance of the 1800 names. I will cite one to show why they should
not be accepted ; namely, article 25 of the International Code of 1904,
which says, ‘“The valid name of a genus or species can be only that name
under which it was first designated on the condition (a) that this name was
published and accompanied by an indication, or a definition, or a de-
scription ; and (b) that the author has applied the principles of binary
nomenclature.”

Following this rule, I note as applying to (a) above, that the names
in 1800 were not accompanied by an indication, and the definition or
description (these two are practically synonymous terms) were as admitted
by Hendel unrecognizable (with possibly a few exceptions) until studied
in the light of the 1803 paper; they were therefore nomina nuda.
Condition (a) was therefore not fulfilled in 1800. As to condition (b), if
the author of a paper mentions only genera and no species, he does not
apply a binary nomenclature.

Furthermore, Dr. Stiles gives as his individual rule (in his comments
on the International Code, Hygienic Laboratory, Bull. 24, p. 27): ‘‘12a
Rule.—The following species are excluded from consideration in selecting

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 373

the types of genera: (a) Species which were not included under the
generic name at the time of its original publication.” These names, there-
fore, have no types.

1 should not deem the occasion to justify so lengthy a discussion on
my part, but for the fact that Dr. Bezzi writes me that he is engaged on a
research into the names proposed in Diptera prior to 1800, and that he
has already found data sufficient to require the change of the great
majority of names of the older genera now in use in the Diptera. A
number of his conclusions have already been published. We seem to be
entering upon a period of nomenclatural unrest, which may leave us as
badly off in Diptera as we now are in Lepidoptera or Hemiptera, to say
nothing of Orthoptera and a few others.

“Tet justice be done, though the earth perish,’ says Mr. Hendel.
But justice means nothing, except with reference to some person or thing.
Justice to whom, or to what? Is it justice to Meigen to insist on the use
of names that he himself discarded for better ones? Or is it justice to
dipterology to overturn nomenclature to no purpose? The case before
us is not Meigen versus some other ancient worthy, but Meigen versus
Meigen. Justice to him has already been done, and it would be flagrant
injustice to reopen the case.

PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA NOKOMIS.

The handsome moth which occurs throughout Manitoba and the
Northwest Provinces, and which has always been named in collections,
Samia columbia, Smith, has such a different appearance from the Ontario
form which seems to be the type, that I am of the opinion the name given
by Dr. W. Brodie some years ago ought to be recognized. Dr. Henry
Skinner has also examined this insect critically during the past summer,
and agrees with me that Dr. Brodie’s description which appeared in the
Biological Review of Ontario for October, 1894, pp. 103-107, should be
republished. This publication is not now available, and with Dr. Brodie’s
consent I send herewith an extract from. his article on //atysamta
columbia nokomis.—JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa.

“PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA NOKOMIS.
‘““BY WM. BRODIE.

“In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. X, March, 1878, there is a
very good coloured lithegraph of the larva of P. columbia, by the late G.
J. Bowles, and a short paper by the late F. B. Caulfield, giving a descrip-
tion of the larve. There is also on page 43 an article by C. H. Fernald,

374 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

in which he gives several food-plants, a description of the egg, of the larvee
in the several stages of development, and some valuable general informa-
tion. Up to this time very little had been published as to the geograph-
ical range of the species.

“In the spring of 1882 I received a parcel of columbia cocoons,
collected by W. G. A. Brodie near Carberry, Manitoba. They were
attached to twigs of the E/eagnus argentea, and I was informed the
larvee must have fed on the leaves of this shrub. When the imagoes
enierged, they differed so much from Muskoka specimens that I fancied
there must be a specific difference, and so I sent specimens of the moth
and of the cocoons to the late Hy. Edwards. He did not know JZ.
_argentea as a food-plant of P. columbia. We remarked the difference
between the northern form sent by me and the usual form, and thought,
if permanent, it was at least sub-specific ; and he suggested that it should
be described and named.

“Early in 1883 I received a package of cocoons of P. columbia and
of Z: polyphemus, collected by W. G. A. Brodie near Pelly, N.-W. T.
Only one imago emerged from this lot, from a P. columbia cocoon, and it
differed so very much from the Manitoba form that I considered it a well-
marked variety, being much less in size and of much brighter colours, and
the boundaries of the colours much more distinct. All these facts and
descriptions of the two forms were embodied in a paper which I read
before a meeting of the Natural History Society of Toronto, and I also
submitted type specimens of the two forms. For the Carberry form I
proposed the name P. columbia nokomis, and for the Pelly form P.
columbia winonah.

“Tt would appear that the zokomis type is generally distributed over
the Province of Manitoba, and that the common food-plant is Z/eagnus
argentea, aud that probably Shepherdia argentea (Wolf Willow) may also
be a food-plant. I do not know the northern nor the western limit of £.
argentea, but Mr. Jas. M. Milne, who was on the Government survey,
has informed me that he has found the shrub on the eighth base line,
which lies to the north of the South Saskatchewan, and as far west as the
cactus hills, and there can be little doubt that the range of P. columbia
nokomis is co-terminous with the range of this food-plant, 2. argentea.

“The food-plants of the southern form (P. Columbia) in Ontario,
Quebec and in the State of Maine, so far fairly well identified, are Prunus
virginiana, Prunus pennsylvanica, MNemopanthes canadensis, Kalmia
angustifolia, Rhodora canadensis, Salix sp., Abtes nigra, Larix americana.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 375

None of these are allied botanically to 4. argentfea, but I think it most
likely that the larvee would take very kindly to the leaves of our common
Shepherdia canadensis.

“On comparing a series of specimens of columbia with columbia
nokomis—the Manitoba form—the difference is very obvious in the
brighter colours and more sharply-defined colour areas, This difference
may be in some measure from a difference of food, or from the much
longer duration of daylight while the larvee are feeding, or perhaps in part
from the lower temperature in winter. And perhaps it may yet be
shown that the North and Northwest Territorities are the normal habitat
and zokomis the normal form of the species, differentiated ages ago from
cecropia by climatical and other conditions, and that the now southern
form is from degenerate stragglers from the north.

“The following points of difference may be noted between the
columbia nokomis form and the columbia form, as represented by Ontario
specimens, and as compared with Smith’s description of co/umbia, parts of
which are given in brackets. The standard of colour is Ridgeway’s
Nomenclature of Colours.

“Antenne, central shaft, bright reddish-brown ; pectinations, darker
(black) ; palpi, light liver-brown (dark maroon brown) ; dorsum of thorax,
bright reddish liver-brown, with a posterior pure white band (dark maroon,
with a short, gray band) ; under side of thorax, reddish liver-brown (black) ;
legs, reddish brown, pile darker (black, slightly tinged with brownish) ;
abdomen with alternate annulations, bright liver-brown and pure white
(black and dirty white).

“Primaries above with a rather sharply-elbowed pure white line
(grayish-white) ; the middle area of the wing is bright reddish liver-brown
(dark brown), and contains a central ovate white spot (triangular) ; this
bright coloured area is separated from the costa by a moderately wide
longitudinal grayish stripe.

“Secondaries with a large white spot at the shoulder (small, dirty
white) ; the central area bright reddish liver-brown (dark brown), having a
central white spot, which varies from kidney form to curved pear form,
and varying much in size, but always larger than the corresponding spot
on the primaries ; but no sexual difference could be observed, either in
the size or in the form, of these central white spots.

‘‘The primaries beneath have the space from the shoulder to the median
white cross band of a maroon-brown (black), and generally the under side

376 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the wings of co/wmbia nokomis is brighter coloured than that of colwmobza.

‘““As I have seen but one specimen of the columbia winonah type,
little need be said about it. My specimen may have been representative
of an extreme northern group, or it may have been only a strongly-marked
specimen of columbia nokomis.”

BOOK NOTICE.

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF ORIENTAL CULICIDe. By E. Brunetti,
Records of the Indian Museum, Vol. I, part 4, No. 25, pages 297 to
377, December, 1907, Calcutta.

The author begins by stating that his work is a compilation only, and
that he has not especially studied mosquitoes. Nevertheless, he presents
an original classification of Culicids, dividing them into four subfamilies,
in reality but three, omitting the Corethrinz, to conform to our conception
of the group. The subfamilies are not defined, but an inspection of their
contents indicates that the separation has been made on the basis of the
relative lengths of the palpi in the two sexes, thus: palpi long in both
sexes = Anopheline ; long in the ¢, short in the 2 =Culicinz; short in
both sexes= Aideomyine. Truly, the mosquitoes are an unfortunate
group, since their primary divisions are still based on secondary sexual
characters, such as we are no longer disposed to admit for genera even,
and even so on modifications of the length of palpi, not in any structural
difference of these plastic organs. It is a pity that this unscientific classi-
fication should still be perpetuated in the literature. Otherwise our
author closely follows Theobald’s classification, as, indeed, he must, no
other author having covered the ground independently. References are
given to every species, with a few notes and full localities, largely com-
piled, though we note a few original data. ‘lwo hundred and twenty-six
species are listed, exclusive of the Corethrine. A number of species are
mentioned which have been omitted by Theobald. Accompanying our
copy is asheet of “errata et addenda,” dated March, 1908, with the follow
ing naive heading: “Il faut regarder ces notes comme des Additions en
Manuscrit parce qu’elles ne sont pas actuellement publiées.” Probably
the sheet accompanies only the author’s separates, but is nevertheless
clearly “published,” being printed and distributed and obtainable from the
author.—HAarRrRISson G. Dyar.

Mailed October 2nd, 1908.

CANEAENT, VOL? A PLATE lO.

AESHNA JUNCEA AND INTERRUPTA. (See page 391.)

he = wanarliay Fntomologist,

Vou. XL. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1908. No. 11.

A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. OF ABSENA
FOUND NORTH OF MEXICO.
BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.

Although nearly two years have elapsed since the writer commenced
a critical study of the North American species of the Odonate genus
Aeshna, Fabr., it will be some time yet before the work is completed.
This delay has been chiefly due to the length of time required for the
execution of the numerous illustrations and for obtaining a proper field
knowledge of the various species, and also to difficulties experienced in
collecting and rearing the nymphs.

This being the case, it was decided to issue in advance an analytical
key to the species treated in the revision in order that, in the interval,
species may be listed or otherwise referred to under the names employed
therein. |

It has been necessary to draw up a separate key for the determination
of the fema'es, as the chief diagnostic characters of the males are found
in the superior appendages and accessory genitalia. This key to the
females is largely artificial, and it has been very difficult to find reliable
characters for the separation of some of the species, although with experi-
ence they can almost always be recognized at a glance. Of soine of the
species I have seen very few females, and it is very probable that with
sufficient material some of the characters usea will prove invalid.

A few of the terms employed in the key require special notice. The
terms hamular process and hamular fold designate respectively the more
superficial and deeper parts of the anterior hamules, and are sufficiently
well indicated in figs. 2 and 3 on the plate.

As the cclour pattern is of the same type throughout the genus as
represented in North America, it has been found convenient to apply
special names to the different bands and spots which characterize this
pattern.

The name dorsal thoracic band requires no explanation. The first
and second lateral thoracic bands are two oblique pale bands on the sides
of the mesepimeron and metepimeron respectively. The names used to

378

THE CANADIAN EN TOMOLOGIST.

designate the abdominal spots are given in the explanation of the plate,

and in the key these are referred to under the same abbreviations as are

used to indicate them on the plate.

Kry To THE NortTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AESHNA.

1. Males.

A. Anal triangle 3-celled ; spine of the anterior lamina well developed,

directed caudad and curved more or less cephalad.

B, A distinct spinulose ventral tubercle on abd. seg. 1; dorsum
of seg. 10 with a median basal tooth-like elevation ;
superior appendages with a_ well-developed superior

C. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; superior

appendages. not apically forked, the apices
obtusangulate or rounded ; superior carina not
angulate nor denticulate: inferior appendage
somewhat less than half as long as _ the
SUP CLIO grain eo ts 1. californica Calvert.

CC. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; superior

appendages in profile apically forked, the
apices acute and decurved, superior carina
angulate ; inferior appendage distinctly more
than half as long as the

SUPSHONS: 45,4) votes Gases (multicolor group).

D. Abdomen (excl. appendages) nearly or
quite four times as long as the
thorax (excl. prothorax); ventral
tubercle on seg. 1 but little elevated ;
superior appendages about five times
as long as their greatest width, 1n-
ferior subbasal tubercle at one-sixth
to one-seventh the length of the
appendage ; height of superior carina
above outer margin, in profile, much
less than depth of appendage directly
below it, its length rather less than
one-third that of the appendage ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 379

outer side of anal loop in hind wings
about as long as inner side of tri-

AIC. 5 tums seerees 2. mutata Hagen.

DD. Abdomen (excl. appendages) less than
three and one-half times as long as
thorax ; a prominent ventral tubercle
on seg. 1; superior appendages about
seven times as long as their greatest
width, inferior subbasal tubercle at
one-fourth to one-fifth the length of ©
the appendage ; height of superior
carina above outer margin, in profile,
not less than depth of appendage
directly below it, its length distinctly
more than one-third that of the ap-
pendage; outer side of anal loop in
hind wings longer than inner side of
triatigle °: 4:35 3. multicolor Hagen.

BB. Abdominal seg. 1 without a ventral tubercle ; segment ro
without a median dorsal tooth; superior appendages
without a superior carina, not apically forked, but with
an anteapical inferior spine, the apices broad and
paundeds. 4... see 2 oe........(cyanea groupe

E. A black line (rarely absent) on the fronto-nasal
suture ; face pale yellowish; dorsal thoracic
bands 1 mm. or less broad, tapering somewhat
towards each end, or sometimes suddenly ex-
panded at the extreme posterior end; lateral
thoracic bands nearly straight and equal ; spots
on abdomen blue, of moderate or large size,
PD on seg. g distinctly more than one-half as
long as the dorsum of the segment ; lateral
carina of seg. 7 in ventral view slightly or not
at all sinuate ; generally one cell between A,,

at its origin and the anal
iriancle, s. 2 ieee ee 4. palmata Hagen:

380 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

De eee SSS jc »\‘\

EE. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; dorsal
thoracic bands rapidly widening caudad so as
to be triangular in form with the base just in
front of the antealar sinus ; generally two cells
between A,, at its origin, and the anal triangle.

F. Face rather dark olivaceous ; lateral
thoracic bands rather narrow (about
I mm.), straight, not widening above,
nearly surrounded by a margin darker
than the ground colour of the thorax;
abdominal spots mostly smaller than
usual, more or less greenish, PD on
seg. g less than one-third as long as
the dorsum of the segment; a pair
of large pale bluish basal spots on the
ventral surface of segs. 4, 5 and 6;
lateral carina of segs. 7 and 8 in
ventral view strongly sinuate in its
anterior two-fifths... 5. wdbrosa, N. sp.

FF. Face pale greenish-yellow; lateral
thoracic bands broader, not sur-
rounded by a dark margin, widening
above the middle margins of the first
band, especially the anterior, dis-
tinctly sinuate ; spots of the abdomen
well developed, mostly blue, PD
on seg. 9 more than one-half as long
as the dorsum of the segment ;
ventral surface of abdomen without
pale spots ; lateral carina of seg. 7
at most very feebly sinuate in ventral
VICW is os os ow 0, CONS ICIEOaaE

AA. Anal triangle 2-celled ; spine of the anterior lamina directed ventrad.

G. Hamular process continuous with hamular fold (PI. X, fig. 3),
spine of the anterior lamina short and blunt, projecting very
little, if at all, below the genera] level of the ventral
SULPACE . 2). aw cine oR Ew ogiena sreadl « ale ghe ola OLODe VEG ae

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. _ 381

H. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture ; hamular proc-
esses short and broad, directed mediad and ventrad.

I. Lateral thoracic bands each divided into a superior
and inferior spot; dorsal thoracic bands reduced
to a pair of small elongate spots narrowed at both
ends and not reaching the antealar sinus ; superior
appendages with the inner margin distinctly sinu-
ate in dorsal view, the apices rounded or bluntly —
angulate, seldom with a terminal tooth, superior
carina minutely denticulated or
SIMOGE NL. to. cotametace aula noid +-s.7. SNLETTUPLA, Wrap

II. Lateral thoracic bands not divided.

J. Dorsal thoracic bands reduced to a pair of small
pale, often almost obsolete, streaks, which do
not nearly reach the antealar sinus ; lateral
thoracic bands not more than 1 mm. broad,
nearly or quite straight.

K. Superior appendages with a low basal
tubercle on the ventro-internal surface
(best seen in an oblique view from
above) ; inner margin in dorsal view
gently sinuate, in profile slightly con-
cave before the middle, beyond which
it forms a prominent more or less
obtusangulate inferior carina ; breadth
at middle about twice that of the ex-
treme base, thence narrowing gradually
to the more or less acute apices, which
terminate in a small spine; superior
carina moderately elevated before the
apex, with a few minute denticles ; in-
ferior appendage about three-fifths as
long as the superiors ; lateral thoracic
bands about 1 mm. broad below, nar-
FOWESrabOVEe <i. ee 8. interna, N. Sp.

KK. Superior appendages without any indica-
tion of a ventro-internal basal tubercle.

382 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

L. Lateral thoracic bands linear, their
breadth less than .75 mm.; inner
margin of superior appendages in
dorsal view very gently sinuate, in
profile straight or slightly convex
before the middle, the inferior
carina rather low, its angle
rounded or obsolete ; breadth of
appendage at middle scarcely
twice that at the extreme base,
thence narrowing gradually to the
rounded or bluntly angulate
apices, which do not normally
bear a terminal tooth; superior
carina but little elevated, finely
denticulated or smooth ; inferior
appendage three-fifths to two-
thirds as long as the
SUPELIONS .« ste ctee 9. lineata, n. sp.

LL. Lateral thoracic bands about 1
mm. broad near the lower
end, somewhat narrowed at the
middle ; inner margin of superior
appendages in profile slightly con-

‘ cave before the middle, in dorsal
view strongly sinuate, the breadth
of the appendage increasing
rapidly from the basal fourth, so
that at the middle it is fully twice
as broad as at base, thence scarcely
narrowing to the well-rounded
apices, which bear near the outer
margin a prominent tooth ; inferior
appendage slightly more than half
as long as the
superlors...10. mevadensis, N. Sp.

JJ. Dorsal thoracic bands well developed, expanded
and truncate at the upper end, which is just in

as. ee ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 383

front of the antealar sinus ; lateral thoracic
bands more than 1.5 mm. broad, the first band
deeply sinuate in front, the second more or less
triangular.

M. Hind wing 43-48 mm.; no antehumeral
spot ; upper end of first lateral thoracic
band not bent forwards ; spots between
first and second bands small and incon-
spicuous ; superior appendages expand-
ing almost symmetrically from the base ;
the inner margin in dorsal view not
sinuate, apices rounded, normally with-
out a terminal spine ; outer margin in
profile curved or bent upwards, both
cephalad and caudad ; superior carina
rather strongly elevated in the apical
fourth, bearing 6 or 8 well-marked
dentieles 25". sd. . 11. eremita Scudd.

MM. Hind wing 39-42 mm.; a large triangular
antehumeral spot immediately in front
of the inferior part of the first lateral
thoracic band, the upper and narrower
end of which is bent sharply forward ;
spots_between first and second lateral
bands unusually large; superior ap-
pendages expanding unsymmetrically,
the inner margin being distinctly
sinuate, the distal three-fifths equal,
apices tapering rather abruptly and
terminating in a well-marked slightly
decurved spine ; outer margin in profile
nearly straight throughout ; superior
carina slightly elevated apically, bearing

3 to 5 small denticles.12. clepsydra Say.

HH. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture.

N. First lateral thoracic band not tapering regularly
dorsad, its anterior margin distinctly, usually strongly,
sinuate; PD always present on abdominal seg.
Io; superior appendages without a prominent
inferior basal tubercle.

384 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

O. Larger and relatively stouter species (abdomen
49-55 mm., hind wing 43-48 mm.) ; lateral
thoracic bands blue, sometimes partly green,
the anterior margin of the first band very
deeply sinuate or angularly excavated ;
superior appendages expanding almost sym-
metrically from the base, the inner margin in
dorsal view not sinuate, apices normally
rounded, not at all decurved, and without a
terminal spine; superior carina rather
strongly elevated in the apical fourth, bearing
6 or 8 well-marked denticles ; a low rounded
subbasal inferior eminence present ; hamular
processes directed mediad, short and broad,
with a slender apical
tibercle,.-y5 te geasorue 11. eremita Scudd.

OO. Smaller and slenderer species (abdomen 42-45
mm., hind wing 39-42.5 mm.); superior
appendages expanding unsymmetrically from
the base, the inner margin in dorsal view
distinctly sinuate ; superior carina moderately
elevated, apices acute, somewhat decurved,
witha distinct terminal spine.

P. Lateral thoracic bands blue or green, the
first generally green below, blue above,
its anterior margin almost rectangularly
sinuate ; superior carina of the superior
appendages with a few denticles, apices
rather abruptly decurved; hamular
processes rather long, directed cephalad,
subparallel, with the tips somewhat
convergent ; PI. typically represented
on abdominal segments
BO gp eieycie eratate gaat 13. canadensis, N. Sp.

PP. Lateral thoracic bands yellowish-green,
the anterior margin of the first obtus-
angularly sinuate ; superior carina of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo aaa

the superior appendages not dentic-

ulated, apices gently decurved;

hamular processes directed mediad

and ventrad, each consisting of a stout

proximal and a slender distal part ; PL

typically. represented on abdominal

segs. 2-4-......14. verticals Hagen,

NN. First lateral thoracic band tapering regularly dorsad,

its margins nearly straight; abdominal seg. 10

without pale spots ; superior appendages with a

prominent inferior basal tubercle, expanding

unsymmetrically from the base, the inner margin in

dorsal vein distinctly sinuate ; superior carina

moderately elevated, not denticulated, the apices
rounded, with a small terminal

SPINCH Si. ke eee el da teperculiferd, he Sp,

GG. Hamular process separate from the hamular fold (pl. X, fig. 4) ;
spine of the anterior lamina long, generally sharp-pointed,
projecting well below the general level of the ventral surface ;
a black line always present on.the fronto-nasal suture.

Q. Lateral thoracic bands more than 1 mm. broad, not
sigmoid ; hamular processes long, slender and _ spine-
like, directed ventrad,and mediad ; superior carina of
the superior appendages not denticulated, apices
RGR ge tees eters Pevapas ats... (Juiced QTOUP

R. Lateral thoracic bands straight and subequal ;
hamular folds fairly well developed, widely
separated, plainly visible in a vertical view from
DHEA Es aie elke ee ee oe 16. juncea I..

RR. Lateral thoracic bands with the anterior margins
obtusangularly excavated, the first band slightly
bent a little above the middle ; hamular folds very
small, less widely separated, and almost concealed
in a vertical view from beneath by the overlapping
hamular processes.........17. subarctica, n. sp.

QQ. Lateral thoracic bands less than 1 mm. broad, the first
one sigmoid or bent by alternate angles; hamular
processes broad, flat, triangular, with the inner margins

386 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

closely approximate, the apices directed cephalad ;
superior carina of the superior appendages more or less
Gen ticwlate ds, scx tosiees tess ons vise oo COCFRLER. STOR)
S. Spine of the anterior lamina distinctly longer than
the hamular processes, slender, curved ventrad,
sharp pointed ; distance from hind margin of
occiput to frontal vesicle 2.5 mm.; MD small,
triangular, yellowish ........ 18. sitchensis Hagen.
SS. Spine of the anterior lamina not longer than the
hamular processes, rather stout, straight, bluntly-
pointed ; distance from hind margin of occiput to
frontal vesicle less than 2 mm.; MD large, sub-
quadrate, more or less
DlWishxaense arcu eteaae 19. septentrionalis Hagen,

2. Females.
A. Abdominal segment 1 with a distinct ventral spinulose tubercle.

B. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture; length of abdomen
(excl. appendages) 36-38 mm ........ 1. caltfornica Calvert.

BB. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture; length of abdomen
more than 40 mm. :

C. Abdomen about four times as long as the thorax (excl.
prothorax) ; ventral tubercle on seg. 1 but little elevated ;
appendages 7 mm. long, lateral thoracic bands widening
above ; A, arising opposite or distal to the last cubito-
anal cross-vein before the subtriangle ; outer side of anal
loop of hind wing about as long as inner side of
triangle. Scie dliwnie e 2a 2, GMA * ase

CC. Abdomen lek than foun times as long as the thorax; a
prominent ventral tubercle on seg. 1 ; appendages eu
mm. long, lateral thoracic bands subequal; A, arising
proximal to the last cubito-anal cross-vein before the sub-
triangle ; outer side of anal loop of hind wing longer than
inner. side orstmancle swcd) kas. 3. multicolor Hagen.
AA. Abdominal segment 1 without a ventral spinulose tubercle.

D. Basal plate of ovipositor not bilobed, posterior margin straight
or slightly convex; PL generally connected with PD on
abdominal segs. 2-4 (often separate in Ae. umbrosa), usually
smaller than the latter.

Lee

ea

THE CANADIAN BNTOMOLOGIST. 387

E. Genital valves 4mm. or more in length; valvular proc-
esses as long as dorsum of seg, 10 (2 mm.) ; appendages
rarely less than 2 mm. broad ; proximal third broad with
convex margins, expanding rapidly, so that the greatest
breadth is reached before the middle, distal half gradu-
ally tapering to a more or less acute apex; no black
line on the fronto-nasal suture.

F. First lateral thoracic band with the front margin
distinctly sinuate, the upper end giving off caudad
a small spur ; second band suddenly expanding at
upper end ; length of abdomen without appendages
less than 45 mm. of ovipositor 6 mm., of
appendages 6-7.5 mm.; apices
HEWES cys eee oe os. O.. COMSTTicta roam

FF. First lateral thoracic band with the front margin
straight, or nearly so, gradually tapering dorsad,
not giving off a distinct posterior spur; second
band not suddenly widened above; length of
abdomen 45 mm. or more, cf ovipositor rather
less than 5 mm., of appendages 7.5-9.5 mm.; apices
acute or somewhat rounded.15. tudberculifera,n.sp.

EE. Genital valves less than 4 mm. long; valvular processes
much shorter than dotsum of 1o ; appendages less than

2 mm, broad and, except in Ae. sitchensis, slender, the.

margins nearly straight in the proximal third, broadest
beyond the middle, the apices rounded.

G. Abdomen at least 40 mm. long; first lateral
thoracic band never sigmoid nor bent by alternate
angles.

H. A black line on the fronto-nasal suture.

I. Lateral thoracic bands each divided or
very nearly divided into a superior and
an inferior spot....7. ¢terrupta, n. sp.

II. Lateral thoracic bands entire.
J. Lateral thoracic bands nearly straight,

the anterior margin of the first band
not distinctly sinuate.

388 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

kK. Lateral thoracic bands some-
what more than 1 mm. broad,
yellow; ovipositor 4 mm.long;
genital valves with tips ele-
vated ...4. palmata Hagen.

KK. Lateral thoracic bands not
more than r mm. broad, gen-
erally pale bluish, rarely yel-
low ; ovipositor 3.3 mm. long ;
tips of genital vaives not
elevated.

L. Lateral thoracic bands
about I mm. broad..
8. snleraia; nesps

LL. Lateral thoracic bands
linear, generally less
than .75 mm. broad..

9. /ineata, Nn. sp.

JJ. Lateral thoracic bands broad, the

first with the anterior margin

strongly sinuate, narrowed about

the middle, the second expanding
dorsad, more or less triangular.

M. Larger, stouter species ; hind -
wing 45-46.5 mm. long; no
antehumeral spot ; first lateral
thoracic band greatly con-
stricted near the middle by a
deep excavation of the an-
terior margin, upper end not
bent forwards ; spots between
first and second bands small
and inconspicu-
ous .....11. evemita Scudd.

MM. Smaller, slenderer species ;
hind wing 40-42 mm. long ;

a conspicuous triangular pale

antehumeral spot just in front

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 389

of the lower and_ broader
part of the first lateral band,
the upper end of the latter
narrow and_= sharply _ bent
forward ; a large pale spot,
including the spiracle, and
another above

Iti j:..... 12., epsyar as save

HH. No black line on the fronto-nasal suture.

N. Lateral thoracic green or yellowish-green
(rarely blue) not margined with black,
the anterior margin of the first band
distinctly sinuate, the second band
elongate triangular; PD on 2-5 at
least 1 mm. long-; ovipositor 3 mm.
long ; tips of genital valves not elevated.

O. First lateral thoracic band with the
anterior margin almost rectan-
gularly sinuate, its upper end
giving off caudad a very narrow
spur ; posterior (postero-inferior)
margin of second band generally

* curved ventrad at the upper end ;

appendages usually 5-6 mm. long
(rarely 6.7

mm)......13. canadensis, N. Sp.

OO. First lateral thoracic band with

the anterior margin obtusangu-

larly sinuate, its upper end giving

off caudad a rather broad spur ;

posterior margin of second lateral

band straight ; appendages 7 mm,

long....... 54: verticals Haver

NN. Lateral thoracic bands bright yellow,

margined with black or dark brown,

about rt mm broad, straight, the first

band expanded a little below, but not

at all sinuate, the second band with the

margins subparallel ; abdominal spots

390

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DD.

Unknown

small, PD being on all the segments
less than .5 mm. long; ovipositor 3.5
mm.; tips of genital valves

elevated 6s. v5 7.5. WINOF OSE, tes

GG. Abdomen not more than 38 mm. long ; first lateral
thoracic band narrow, sigmoid, or bent by alternate
angles; a heavy black line on the fronto-nasal
suture.

P. Distance from posterior margin of occiput to
frontal vesicle at least 2.5 mm.; appendages
slightly longer than the dorsa of segs. 9 + Io,
a little more than 1 mm. broad, tapering
equally at base and apex, the latter distinctly
though bluntly pointed.18. sztchensis Hagen.

PP. Distance from posterior margin of occiput to
frontal vesicle about 1.5 mm.; appendages
about as long as segs. 9 +10; more slender
proximally than distally, the apices rounded
or broadly and obscurely
pointed ........19. septentrionalis Hagen.

Basal'plate of ovipositor distinctly bilobed (pl. X, fig. 5); PL
separate from PD (sometimes narrowly connected on seg. 2),
as large as the latter on segs. 2-5 ; a black line always present
on the fronto-nasal suture ; lateral thoracic bands yellow or
greenish-yellow.

Q. Appendages distinctly shorter than segs. 8+9 (5 mm. or
less) ; margins of lateral thoracic bands nearly straight,
first band gradually tapering to the upper end, without
a distinct posterior spur... 0.224. +... db. yaccamle

QQ. Appendages about as long as segs. 8+ 9 (6-6.5 mm.) ;
lateral thoracic bands with their anterior margins obtus-
angularly excavated, but not sinuate, posterior margins
nearly straight; first band gently widening above the
middle to the upper end, from which a narrow posterior
spuris given Offs Yk. Liss ais. 7) Sbarcieg ee

MPa Merah or ets all A tS ea alle 10. mevadensis, 0. Sp.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 391

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fig. 1, 2. Aeshna juncea 11, $6, abdominal segments 1-4. 1, lateral ;
2, dorsal view.
D, dorsal spot of segment 1.
iy Tateral’’ .“ Re
AL, anterior lateral spot.
ML, middle RS z,
PESpostener’. ¥* =
AML, the homologue of AL+ ML on seg. 2.
AD, anterior dorsal spot.
MD, middle “* me
PD -postenor: © -
“3. Aeshna interrupta Walk. 4, anterior hamules.
HF, hamular fold; HP, hamular process; Sp., spine of the anterior
Jamina.

4. Aeshna juncea L, ~. Letters as in Fig. 3.

“5. Aeshna juncea L. 2, ventral aspect of abdominal segments g and
10; Ov, ovipositor; BO, basal plate of ovipositor; GV,
genital valve; VP, valvular process ; Ap., appendage.

(To be continued.)

NOTES ON SOME SOCIETY ISLAND MOSQUITOES.
BY R. W. DOANE, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIF.

During a short stay in July and August on Tahiti, Morea and
Tetioroa I found the mosquitoes very troublesome, particularly so in the
dense growth where one could not get the sea breeze. I had not time to
make any particular study of the species occurring there, but the following
notes on the three species that I met with may be acceptable to those
interested in the group.

Stegomyia calopus, Meig., and S. scutel/aris, Walk., are the two
common day mosquitoes, occuring in the houses and out of doors every-
where. They breed together in standing, sometimes rather foul, water. I
have seen the larve by the millions in the small drainage gutters along
the streets of Papetee. No effort is made to control them, although one
man told me that at some seasons the mosquitoes were so bad in places
that people took refuge in their beds to escape the pests. All the beds
are provided with a canopy of mosquito netting, but there are no screens
on the doors or windows.

With the opening of the Panama Canaland the consequent short and
frequent passage of ships from that region to all of these Pacific islands,

November, 1908

392 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the yellow fever is almost sure to be introduced there unless extraordinary
precautions are taken to prevent it. Under the present sanitary conditions
it would be impossible to control the disease once it gained a foothold.
However, after the French officials learned that S. ca/opus was one of their
most common mosquitoes, they said that steps would probably be taken
to control them, at least in Papetee. As an example of how easily relief
may be had in some instances I may give my experience on Tetioroa.
The first day there I was badly pestered by the great number of these
mosquitoes in the little native hut that had been assigned to me as my
laboratory. <A brief search around the premises showed that the water in
the tanks that were used for storing rain-water was swarming with mos-
quito larvee. Less than half a pint of kerosene served to treat this source of
supply, and I experienced but little trouble after that about the laboratory.

While these two species are principally day feeders, they will
occasionally bite at night after the lamps have been lighted. Usually,
however, they are satisfied with their day’s work and give way to the no
less annoying or less dangerous night-flying species, Cudex fatigans, Wied.
If one happens to be sleeping out of doors or in a bed provided with only a
poor screen, the low, sharp buzz and the vicious bite of these pests make
sleep almost impossible. Or if disturbed sleep does come, it is only to
dream of an arm or a leg swelling to horrible proportions, for one knows
that any one of these mosquitoes as she bites may be transplanting to one’s
blood some of the filaria derived from a former meal on some of the
elephantiasis patients who have been seen during the day.

Elephantiasis is quite a common disease on Tahiti and Morea. On
the latter island it is said to be much more common on the lee side,
where there is more low marsh land, than on the more rugged windward side.

The iarvee of C. fatigans are found in the same situations and often
in the same pools as S. calopus and S. scutellaris. In a dipperful of
water from any of the gutters along the roadside would usually be found
the larvee of these three species.

My specimens of S. seute/laris differ in some respects from the
descriptions of the typical forms ; the head has two white lateral bands ;
the white border of the eyes is very narrow or not apparent above ; there
are no lighter bands at the joints of the antennz of the female ; the white
silvery line extends seven-eighths of the length of the mesonotum, much
attenuated posteriorly ; the white bands on the abdomen are represented
only by white spots on the sides, but are very distinct below. It is
probably close to var. sumarensis, Ludlow.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : .| 393

NOTES: ON’ THE. COCCINELEIDAs
BY THOS. L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In his recent essays on this family of beetles, Mr. Chas. W. Leng (Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc.) has given results betraying some superficiality of study
and lack of sound discriminative judgment. He seems to have pursued
the eminently conservative course of assigning all species which are in any
way remindful of others to rank as varieties of the latter, incidentally
giving them three names, and frequently in a wholly arbitrary and
whimsical manner. If he had examined these so-called varieties at all
carefully, he would have been spared the responsibility for many needless
etrors,* The course followed by Mr. Leng and myself are at opposite
taxonomic extremes. I tabulated virtually all the forms as _ species,
because my material was not sufficient to warrant giving them a more
definitive status, and not because 1 was not convinced that some of them
might ultimately be proved to have less than specific weight. Mr. Leng,
on the other hand, with material not so very greatly in excess of my own,
has assumed to know that the true taxonomic position of practically every
form which I defined is that of a variety or subspecies. He _ has
apparently tried to imitate the European Catalogue in reducing most of
the described forms of that region to varieties or aberrations, but if he
were familar with them, he would see that many differ only by the absence
of a-spot here ora dash there, and that a large proportion of them are
really synonyms. ‘The latest European catalogue has, however, gone too
far in its reductions from the specific status; the reverse swing of the
pendulum is too radical, and there will be a gradually decreasing oscilla-
tion to a more rational intermediate position. I have endeavoured to
define our various modifications broadly, on lines of general form, size,
sculpture, structure or radical divergencies in the colour scheme, and feel
certain that most of them are true species. The truth lies between the

“If Mr. Leng had taken the very slight trouble to communicate with me
regarding the status of Exochomus subrotundus and other points, a good deal of
uncertainty could have been cleared up. I would gladly have aided him through
special observations, or have given him cordial welcome to personal study of my
collections, and this despite a baseless rumor which, I am reliably informed, is
being circulated with more or less pertinacity by a Washington entomologist of
some repute, to the effect that my collections are inaccessible—a statement
smacking strongly of malice aforethought. I might add, however, that one who
is actively favouring a departure from customary methods of doing anything
whatever may have a few friends or passive onlookers, but a far greater number
of irreconcilable doubters, with a modicum of more or less virulent enemies, so
that he generally comes to draw the line of personal favour somewhere, even in
matters scientific, as we are all human after all.

November, 1908

9

394 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST.

course pursued by me and that suggested by Mr. Leng, but, for the above
reasons, I anticipate the ultimate decision will be far nearer the former
than the latter.

It is probably true that the various forms defined in the genus
Megilla have rather less than full specific value, but the Brownsville
modification is so much larger that it may possibly prove to have very
nearly specific weight. Another form, from Cuba, in my collection, has
the two thoracic spots completely united, but I do not know how con-
stantly.* Mr. Leng is, however, wrong in uniting A/acronemia with
Anisosticta; it is a valid genus, and so recognized by Dr. Weise, who,
however, arbitrarily changed the name to A/icronemia, a useless proceed-
ing, as MWacronemia is amply protected by the laws of priority.
Paranemia similis is very readily distinguishable from the Californian
vittigera, and is not a mere hypothetical race ; it is certainly, at least,
a valid subspecies.

fTippodamia, Chev.

I assumed the authorship of Chevrolat for this genus, and not
Mulsant, as this seems to be the course adopted by the latter himself in
the Monograph (1866). Owing to the large number of recognizable forms
and the variability of markings, unusually pronounced for the Coccinellide,
where ornamentation is frequently so free from marked instability, there
will probably always be more or less divergence of opinion regarding
specific limitation. The 5-signata—convergens group, much the largest of
the genus in America, includes many species of indubitable reality, a far
greater number, in fact, than the half-dozen recognized by Mr. Leng.

This 5-signata—convergens series embraces two not very strongly-
differentiated groups, one in which there is a transverse subbasal elytral
fascia, sometimes more or less permanently disintegrated into spots or
wholly wanting, and attended by a general absence or very great reduc-
tion or instability of the diverging discal lines of the pronotum, represented
by the former, and the other in which the subbasal spots are either want-
ing or generally isolated, and accompanied by a very pronounced

*M. Cubensis, n. subsp.—Smaller and rather less opaque than fusczlabris, red,
the head black, with the usual acutely angulate frontal spot; pronotum solidly black,
the apical and lateral margins alone pale, though broadly ; elytra with the usual
spots of fuscilabris, except that the sutural post-medial is resolved into two spots,
each tangent to the suture. Length, 5.0 mm.; width, 2.8mm. Cuba (Havana).

The form which I described under the name medialis seems to be that figured
by Gorham in the Biologia (VII, Pl. 8, fig. 20).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 395

development and persistence of the diverging thoracic lines, represented
by convergens.

The 5-signata group comprises by far the greater number of species.
Mesta, Lec., has a very uncertain taxonomic status but is evidently a
member of the 5-sigvata series; we have as yet no biological evidence
concerning its relationships. Amdigua, Lec., of broadly oval form and
constant absence of elytral maculation, is one of the most isolated species
of the entire genus and without any close affinities. Zxfensa, Muls.,
though a member of this series, differs from the common forms of the
5-signata or LeConte: types in its very finely-reflexed elytral side margins,
and it is undoubtedly a distinct species, probably having as a subspecies
leporina, Muls. Mulsant (Mon., 1866) states of /eforina that it is
elongate-oval, slightly convex, with a black pronotum, having at each side
a white border almost interrupted at the middle, the elytra with a sub-
basal band from callus to callus, and each with two black spots, the
anterior somewhat in transverse triangle, the subapical smaller, obtriangu-
lar and united with the preceding ; dimensions, 5.6 x 4.2 mm. California.
So it cannot be considered in any way related to vernix, as stated by
Leng. Oregonensis, Cr., is described as having a subbasal elytral band,
with the posterior spots united to form a lunule, and the white thoracic
side margin narrow; it is therefore probably a distinct species in this
immediate neighbourhood, or, if not, may be a subspecies of exfevsa.

The species described by Kirby as 5 sfguata, is essentially a boreal
form, and may be known by the generally broad, solid and even bioblique
subbasal band of the elytra, with a thick and obliquely transverse post-
median and full rounded subapical spot on each. ‘The white lateral
thoracic margin is confined to the apical angles ; this oblique white area
may sometimes be visible also at the basal angles, though I assume very
rarely, and those examples with the pale area running down the sides,
cited by Crotch, belong without much doubt to another species, mentioned
below, and accidentally mingled with his true 5-s¢gzata. The following
is a more southern subspecies of 5-sgnata :

Hi. coccinea, n. subsp.—More narrowly oval and smaller than
5-signata, similarly moderately shining, closely and rather coarsely
punctate ; head black, with a large and irregularly rhomboidal pale spot ;
pronotum solidly black, without discal pale spots, the black area broadly
bilobed in front, the lobes tangent to the apical margin, the sides obliquely
pale in frout, not at all pale postericrly ; elytra with a broad subbasal

396 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fascia, which is sometimes even, but often irregular, its arms less anteriorly
vblique than in 5-s7gzata, sometimes with a small post-humeral spot also,
the oblique post-median spot thinner and the subapical smaller, sometimes
subobsolete ; ground colour bright scarlet. Length, 5.4-5.6 mm.; width,
3.3-3.7 mm. Colorado (Eldora and Boulder Co.).

In ZeConte:, of which I have specimens from the type locality, New
Mexico, the head always has a rhomboidal central pale spot as in
5-stgnuta, bat the thoracic margins are broadly white at apex and base,
though broadly subinterrupted at the middle by an abrupt spur from the
central blick area. There is less generally a subbasal fascia, and, when
it occurs, it is more bilaterally attenuated. An allied form before me from
Utah to Washington State, but probably specifically distinct and evidently
a form frequently confounded with Ze Contec, may be distinguished readily
by the broad entire white band on the head, from one eye to the other ;
this is constant in all my specimens. JZu/santi, of LeConte, from Lake
Superior, the type locality, to Colorado, is a more northern form, with
heavier subbasal marks, which frequently form a fascia, and this is no
doubt the form frequently confounded with 5-s/gvata, as intimated above.
The following might be regarded as another subspecies of LeConfei :

FT, abducens, n. subsp.—Much larger than ZeContez, almost similarly
marked, except that all black marks on the elytra before the middle are

frequently obliterated ; pronotum similar, except that the less angulate

black area never completely divides the white margin, the diverging lines
occasionally evident, but generally obsolete ; surface slightly alutaceous,
the punctures very fine ; elytra before the two large posterior spots either
devoid of all marking, even to the virtual obliteration of the sutural dash,
or with a crescentiform fascia between the humeri, with but few inter-
mediate stages of ornamentation, the post-humeral spot always completely
obsolete; sixth ventral of the male without apical pit, even and entire.
Length, 5.8-7.0 mm.; width, 3 7-4.3 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

The general habitus of that form of abducens with obliterated ante-
median marks, strongly recalls the eastern g/acialis, but it may be
distinguished readily by its narrower form and feebly developed or
obsolete diverging thoracic lines, besides differences in sculpture.

Vernix is a much smaller and narrower form, specifically different
from LeContez in having the very large rhomboidal frontal pale spot more
or less narrowly extending to the sides of the head and enveloping the
anterior parts of the eyes; swdsimilis may be held to be a_ subspecies.

2

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 397

Another form in my cabinet, departing radically from ZeContei in having
the pronotal side margins narrowly and subequally pale from apex to base,
may be described as follows :

H. Uteana, 0. sp.—Smaller than ZeConteé and bright scarlet, with
isolated large subhumeral spot and trilobed scutellar star, similar in general
form, more shining, the punctures distinct and rather sparser ; head with
rhomboidal isolated pale spot; pronotum solidly black, without trace of
discal spots, the lateral spur of the black area very obtuse, so that the
unusually narrow lateral pale margin is subparallel, not much wider at any
point than the entire apical pale margin, and never divided ; apex of the
met-episternum pale, as well as the epimeron ; elytra with oblique post-
median fascia and subapical circular spot. Length, 5.0-5.6 mm.: width,
3.25-3-4 mm. Utah (Sevier Lake, Marysvale and Nephi), Wickham.

Finally, we have a group of small species, in no way closely related
to any others of the 5-s¢gnata group. Disfar is recognized as sufficiently
distinct to require no further notice. uncticollis is an equally isolated
species, readily identifiable by its small size, narrowly oval outline, narrow
and uninterrupted pale thoracic side margin, complete absence of discal
diverging lines, strong and close pronotal punctures and the peculiarly
irregular post-median spot of the elytra. The following is a very distinct
form related to puncticollis :

Hf. liliputana, n. sp.—Very small, narrow and parallel in form, the
head with rhomboidal central spot as in puxncticollis, but more slender,
the pronotum much more sparsely punctate but otherwise nearly similar,
except that there are two smail basal impressions, at lateral fourth ; elytra
pale brownish-yeilow, the margins more finely reflexed than in puzcticol/ts,
the broad entire bioblique basal fascia similar, with its outer ends truncate,
the spot just behind the middle large, rounded, with an external
posteriorly oblique spur, the subapical spot large, transversely oval ;
surface more shining, more coarsely and less closely punctate than in
puncticollis. Length, 4.0 mm.; width, 2.2mm. Colorado.

Most of the forms mentioned:are, I think, true species; at least, there
is nO apparent reason for giving them less weight ; they have distinctive
and readily observable characters, seem to breed true within more or less -
wide, though perfectly definite, limits of variation and satisfy all the
usual definitions of species. It is too much to expect radical divergencies
in colour pattern, for the general scheme of ornamentation in the
Coccinellide is more of a generic than a specific character.

a98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

The species of the convergens group are fewer in number, those
described thus far being glacialis, convergens, 15-macutlata, obliqua, juncta
and politissima. Ina very large series of convergens before me collected
in many places from the Atiantic to the Pacific and as far south as Puebla,
in Mexico, there is not a single example in which the slightest tendency to
amalgamation of the post-scutellar spots to form a single star, or of the
confluence of the post-median spots, either transversely or longitudinally,
can be discovered. ‘There may be such phenomena in nature, but I can
only say that I have failed to observe them, and strongly suspect that
those instances in which they have been announced, as in the unnamed
form listed by Leng, refer to some other species, for it is only after much
experience that the commingling of different species, so similar in their
markings, can be avoided. The subbasal spots are sometimes obsolete,
and occasionally all the spots, except the small scutellar dash, are wanting,
but I have only observed this in a few Puebla specimens. ‘The species
described by Mulsant under the name 75-macu¢data is much larger than
convergens, and is abundantly isolated and perfectly valid, by no means a
variety as surmised by Leng. I have a good series taken near St. Louis.
Juncta is a very remarkable form, with a juxta-sutural vitta uniting the
transversely confluent post-median spots with the subapical; it is
apparently a species, but, if the future should decide otherwise, it will
prove to be a subspecies of od//gua and not of convergens. _Obliqua isa
species quite distinct from convergens; it 1s smaller, still narrower and
has several radical peculiarities of marking. As for poletzssima, it may for
the present be disposed of as a subspecies of od/:gua, of slightly shorter,
stouter form, more obsolete punctuation and more polished surface.
Obsoleta, proposed by Crotch as a variety of convergens, is to be com-
pletely suppressed as a manuscript name, for no description was given,
the only statement made being “punctuation of elytra entirely obsolete,”
and this is erroneous, as no example of Appodamia ever had the
punctures entirely obsolete.

The szzuata section of the. genus is composed of smaller and nar-
rower species, on the whole, than those of the preceding, differing radically
in the complete and constant absence of the two post-scutellar points, and
in exhibiting a marked tendency to the longitudinal amalgamation of the
discal spots to form vittee from the humeral callus, there never being any
tendency to posterior elongation of the subhumeral spot in the 5-s7gwata—
convergens series. ‘There are four known species, spuria, Crotchi, sinuata

~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 399

and ¢rivittata. Spuria, Lec. is distinguished by the more gradually
narrowed elytra behind the middle, or more elongate-oval form, as men-
tioned by LeConte. In the typical form, from Oregon and Washington
State, the spot on the callus is always isolated and rounded, though the
three posterior spots may be joined together to form a design resembling
that of parenthests, and the scutellar dash is always short, terminating
abruptly near basal fourth, though frequently notably expanded at tip ;
Americana, of Crotch, is a subspecies occurring in New Mexico, having
a greatly extended scutellar spot and the subhumeral and median spots
frequently united, and, from Washington State and Utah, I have an inter-
mediate form with scutellar spot extending about to the middle or a little
beyond. In Cvoftchi the body is more oblong, the elytra more rapidly
narrowed and rounded apicaily, and, in typical forms, the subhumeral spot
is always joined to the medial by a subparallel black vitta ; the scutellar
spot attains basal third and is always more or less broadly rhomboidal,
the conformation being as in the subspecies complex, of spuria. The side
margins of the elytra are extremely finely reflexed, and not with a distinct
gutter as in spurca and its variations. In szmzwvata there is a discal vitta
on each elytron, which is almost semicircularly curved apically, and in
trivittata, which is a much smaller species,.the vitta is almost straight
throughout, becoming but feebly oblique apically. Fadcigera, of Crotch,
because of the black met-episterna and lack of discal thoracic spots,
always so well developed in szzwafa and allied species, must be considered
as a section by itself. JI am disposed to hold that the coarse-print para-
graph under Americana, in Crotch’s paper, was really misplaced by the
printer in making up the page, and should have followed the preceding
Jalcigera, because the met-epimera in Americana are undoubtedly pale,
as in the other species.

Finally, in regard to the parenthesis section, there can be little or no
reasonable doubt that parenthesis and apicalis are distinct species. In
the former there is never any tendency in the circular spot on the callus
to prolong itself posteriorly, and the subapical spot never attains the
sutural angle, while in the latter there is a marked tendency in the sub-
humeral spot to posterior elongation, and the subapical always attains the
sutural angle. I have never seen an exception to these laws in large
series, even where the eastern and western species come together on com-
mon territory in Colorado, and have never seen anything that appeared to
be a hybrid, although hybrids between distinct species frequently do
occur, so that this would not be conclusive evidence. As for the excep-
tional form figured by Leng, having the humeral spot connected with the

400 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

post-median, the latter not attaining the sutural angle, I can only say that
if the short, broad form of the body and the peculiar form of the anterior
margin of the prothorax are truly drawn, it is entitled to a distinctive
name, either as a species or a very peculiar subspecies of parenthesis.
‘The following is also an interesting subspecies of parenthesis :

Hf, expurgata, n. subsp.—Shorter, rather smaller and_ relatively
broader. than parenthesis, highly polished, with distinct moderate
punctures, pale brownish-flavate ; prothorax shorter and more transverse,
nearly similar in maculation ; elytra with a scutellar dash, rapidly expanded
at its tip anda rounded subhumeral spot, the remainder of the elytra without
spots or with a small post-median spot, and sometimes a still smaller
subapical one. Length, 4.0mm.; width, 2.6mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

Mr. Leng has also figured this form having a small posterior dot.

This parenthesis group has a distinct suggestion of the two post-
scutellar points of the s-s¢guata group, combined with the vitta-forming
tendency of the sézwata group and a system of pronotal maculation

peculiar to itself.
List of American Hippodamtia.

A 14. convergens, - Guer.—Atls ePae.
I. 13-punctata, Linn. — Holarctic and Mex. —
tibialis, Say. obsoleta. Lec., 1. litt.
15. Obliqua, Csy.—Calif.
B ssp. politissima, Csy.—Cal.
3 16, juncta, Csy.—Calif.
2. moesta, Lec.—Pac._coast. 17. 15-maculata, Muls.—lil., Mo.
3. ambigua, Lec. —Calif. C
TLS 18. spuria, Lec.—Or., Wash., Ut.

4. extensa, Muls.—Calif.

ssp. leporina, Muls,—Callif. ssp. Americana, Cr.—N. Mex.

: é ssp. complex sy.— Wash.
. oregonensis, Cr.—Oregon. “ one ae é

5

6. 5-signata, Kirby.—B. Am.
ssp. coccinea, Csy.—Col.

7-1 teana, Csy- —Uiah.

3. LeContei. Muls.—-New Mex.
ssp. Mulsanti, Lec.—L. Sup.

19. Crotchi, Csy.—Calif.
20. sinuata, Muls.—Cailif.

interros vans, Muls.
21. trivittata, sCsy- Calif

to Col. D
ssp. abducens, Csy.—Col. 22. falcigera, Cr.—B. Am.
g. vernix, Csy.—Wy. E
ssp. subsimilis, Csy.—Col. 23. parenthesis, Say. —Atl. to Col.,

11. liliputana, Csy.— Col.
12. dispar, Csy. ae ol.

*

tridens, Kirby.
lunatomaculata, Mots.
ssp. expurgata, Csy.— Col.
24. apicalis, Csy.—Col. to Calif.

10. puncticollis, Csy.—Can. R. Mts. Wy., Wash.

13. glacialis. Fabr.—East. N. Am.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 401

Adalia, Muls.

In my opinion opfhthalmica, ovipennis, annectans and transversadis
are valid species; ornate/la might be regarded as a subspecies of
Zransversadis, but no other close alliance can be discerned. ‘The coarse
and very conspicuous punctures of the latter, as well as orzated/a,
distinguish them at once from aznectans, without noting peculiarites of
ornamentation. I do not think that we have the true Arctica. The
following is an interesting addition :

A. coloradensis, ). sp.—Form rather more narrowly oval than in
annectans, convex, highly polished, finely and moderately punctate, pale
brownish-red ; head black, with a pale spot next each eye; pronotum
solidly black, without trace of median basal pale spots, the very fine apical
pale margin sometimes obliterated, the sides broadly pale, without black
spot, being like those of d:punctata, except that the oblique sides of the
black area are irregular, having a feeble oblique sinus at the middle;
elytra wholly pale, excepting a feebly oblique transverse spot at middle,
half as far from suture as side margin, and a transversely duplex sub-
apical spot on each. Length, 3.9-4.6 mm.; width, 2.75-3.3 mm. Colorado
(Boulder Co.).

Represented by three specimens holding together very well ; in one
of them there is an obtuse lateral spur from the black pronotal area just
behind the middle, but it is of a piceous colour, adventitious and not
properly homologous with the spur in azvectans and allied forms,

’

Coccinella, Linn.

In this genus Mr. Leng has succeeded in augmenting the confusion
and uncertainty, rather than contributing anything to the sum of human
knowledge. A very cursory comparison, especially as to thoracic orna-
mentation, of the American examples referred by Crotch to ¢rtfasciata
and typical native examples of the latter, would have shown him that
specific identity is out of the question, and that the name ferplexa, Muls.,
that I employed, and which he so unceremoniously rejects, is the only
proper one to give the American species. Furthermore, there was no
need to go back to the formerly assumed equality of transversoguttata
and 5-nzotata. A Siberian example of the former before me shows that
the latter is a different species, larger, more convex and more elongate-
oval, as well as somewhat differently marked, and suturatis, which he
transforms into a variety, though sufficiently remarkable to bear the
burden of italics, is in no way closely related to any other species, being

402 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

one of the most depressed and compact species known at present and
evidently valid.

The genus as restricted in my Revision may be divided into two
primary sections, the first having the black thoracic area extending broadly
to the anterior edge, the second having the black area separated therefrom
by a more or less broad complete pale border. The first section com-
prises most of the Jarge species with tendency to transverse fasciation of
the elytral markings. The second is divisible into three minor groups,
represented by 9-notata, perplexa and tricuspis. In the first section there
are several primary type forms, represented by 5-nofata, monticola and
Californica respectively. To the 5-zofata group belong in addition only
nugatoria, Johnsoni and Sonorica. The monticola group includes as
species monticola, with ¢mpressa, differing in sculpture but probably a
subspecies, the distinctly isolated suturadis, alu¢acea, much larger, more
convex and with a much more pronounced posterior prolongation of the
lateral thoracic white area, pro/ongata, with very irregular white lateral
area, which, by a transverse spur, tends to form a partial apical white
margin bordering the black area, and @ficidis.

The Cadlifornica group includes besides only Vevadica, agreeing in the
total absence of discal spots on the elytra but differing in its more broadly
oval form, pale and not blackish sutural edges, and, more particularly, in
its much coarser, denser and more conspicuous punctuation.

The first group of the second section includes 9-notata, degener and
Oregona, the last two of which may be regarded as subspecies. ‘The second
group is composed of perplexa, subversa, with subspecies Juliana, of which
barda is a synonym, and Lugeniz, the latter a valid species. ‘The third
group consists of the remarkably isolated ¢ricuspis alone.

The following are the new species or subspecies mentioned above :

C. Sonorica, n. sp.—Large, broadly oval, very convex, rather shining,
finely and inconspicuously punctate ; head with the usual juxta-ocular
spots ; pronotum with a moderate quadrate spot at each angle, extending
posteriorly only to the middle, the black, however, ascending along the
edge almost to the angle, the entire hypomera black except at tip; elytra
with a large transversely biangular scutellar spot, a thick transverse spot
on each at the middle, from inner fourth to outer third, without trace of
additional external spot, and a subapical similar spot from inner third
to outer sixth. Length, 6.2-7.0 mm.; width, 4.8-5.4 mm. Mexico
(Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua), Townsend.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 403

C. Johnsoni, n. sp.—Not very broadly oval, very convex, polished,
extremely minutely punctulate ; head with the usual two large pale spots;
pronotum with a quadrate spot at the angles, with the lateral border black
for some distance anteriorly, the hypomera pale only at apex, the pale
area extending posteriorly near the edge to apical two-fifths; elytra with
the sutural edges finely blackish, a moderate rhomboidal scutellar spot,
and each with a circular subhumeral, a medial from inner fourth to the
median line, a very small submarginal at a third from the base and two

subapical spots, the outer of which is much the smaller but detached.
Length, 6.0 mm.; width, 4.7 mm. California (San Diego),

This form, which I originally considered a spotted modification of
Californica, but which in reality is a very well-marked species of the
5-notata series, is dedicated with pleasure to Mr. Roswell H, Johnson,
who is now engaged upon a general biological study of colour variations
in the Coccinellide.

C. Oregona, n. subsp.—Large in size, distinctly elongate-oval, yellow-
ish, polished, finely punctate ; head pale, the apical and basal margins
evenly, transversely black ; pronotum with a large quadrate anterior spot
at each side, the two united along the apical margin, the hypomera pale
in apical three-fifths ; elytra with the sutural edges finely blackish, a small
subrhombiform scutellar dash, and each with the usual spots of 9-zotata,
though much reduced In size, especially the subhumeral, which is almost
obsolete. Length, 6.4 mm.; width, 4.9 mm. Oregon (southern).

I have a good series of dificilis from Utah, collected by Wickham,
and its broadly rounded, subhemispherical form and markings evidently
ally it to the monticola group, in the vicinity of a/utacea, and not, as indi-
cated by Crotch, to perplexa (=trifasciata, Cr., nec L.). I have also
received the true mugatoria, from Santiago, Mexico, since my last revision
of the genus, and find that the subhumeral spot is well formed and
circular, the post-humerai also distinct and the scutellar blotch transversely
oval, indicating that it does not coalesce with the subhumeral, and the
elytral punctures are so nearly obsolete that they are only to be discerned
with difficulty. In 5-zofata the subbasal fascia is seldom resolved into
three spots, and then in such ragged fashion as to show at once that they
have been derived by disintegration, and the elytral punctures are very
distinct. I think, therefore, that ~ugatoria ought to have the status of a
species.

404 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

List of Coccinella.

A it. Nevadica, Csy.—Nev.
B
I. 5-notata, Kirby.—Mont, Ut, .
N. Mex. 12. 9-notata, Hbst.—Ath tocol,
2. nugatoria, Muls.—Mex. ssp. degener, Csy.—Col.,
transversalis, || Muls. N. M., Ariz.
3. Johnsoni, Csy.—Calif. ssp. Oregona, Csy.—Ore-
4. Sonorica, Csy.— Mex. gon.
5. monticola, Muls.—L. Sup. to *K
Vance. 13. perplexa, Muls.—R. L, Mich.,
lacustris, Lec. Wis.
ssp. impressa, Csy.—Calif. irifjasciata, Cr. nee ws
6. suturalis, Csy., Calif. 14. subversa, Lec.—Oreg.
7. alutacea, Csy.—Col., N. Mex. ssp. Juliana, Muls.—Calif.
8. difficilis, Cr.—Utah. | barda, Lec.
g. prolongata, Cr.—Col., Ut. 15. Eugen, Muls.—Calif.
montico’a, Lec., nec Muls. RRA
40K 16, tricuspis, Kirby.—Br. Am., L.
to. Californica, Mann.—Calif. Sup.

Jranciscana, Muls.

An examination of the Mexican species placed by Gorham in
Coccinella, shows too great diversity for a single genus, and in fact the
true Coccinella, as represented by the type, 7-puuctata, Linn., does not
seem to be at all well represented in Mexico. For such species as Zzfe/-
pennis, ampla, cyathigera and albopicta, | would propose the generic name
flarmoniaspis (n. gen.), and for compta, concinna and pantherina, with
much shorter antenne, the name HZarmonzella (n. gen.). In imposing the
name Harmonia, the type of which may be assumed to be the Brazilian
Sommieri, upon such an inharmonious assemblage of species, it is
assumable that Mulsant merely desired to indulge to a slight extent in
entomological “ plaisanterie.” The name has since been used three or
four times in other classes and orders of animals.

Cycloneda, Cr.

The species named “afer” in my Revision was first placed in
Eixochomus, where the name was given it, but afterwards transferred to
Cycloneda, the name being inadvertently printed as at first applied. It is
to be hoped that this explanation will be acceptable to Dr. Weise, who

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 405

kindly pointed out the error. The name of the species should be afra,
and not “ afer.” It is a very peculiar species, only doubtfully a member
of Cycloneda, but may remain there for the present. Although rejected
by Leng, because of doubt concerning its geographic habitat, there can be
but little question that it belongs to the fauna of this country, as there was
but little or no foreign material in the Levette cabinet, whence it came.
The error in the name “afer,” just referred to, which, by the-way, was not
discovered by Mr. Leng, reminds me of a still more flagrant lapsus on p.
141 of my Revision, where I have imposed a name “ fostpinctus” upon
a harmless Scymnid ; it should of course be postpictus. And this leads me
to notice a new high -Latin rendition of the word fourteen, which Mr.
Leng (Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 1993, p. 206) informs us should be ‘ guatro-
decim,” in striving to write the name guatuordecimguttata.

The true Cyc/oneda has as its type sanguinea, Linn. Such forms as
Gilardini, Mals., from Colombia and Central America, form a distinct
genus which may take the name Sfz/oneda (n. gen.).

Olla, Csy. :

In Mexico there are several species of O//a still unnamed ; one of
these, from Vera Cruz, differing very radically from addominalis, was
outlined as a variety of the latter by Mr. Gorham (Biol. VII, p. 172, pl. 9,
fig. 24). It differs in having two large elongate-oval subbasal and two
large divaricately oblique elongate-oval median spots on each elytron. It
may take the name Ol/a Gorhami (n. sp.). Besides V-nigrum and Sadl/éi,
the genus may also include, among the Mexican species, such forms as
Coccinella maculosa and guichensis, although it is impossible to definitely
decide this without actuai observation.

The name ocu/ata, Fabr., for the black forms in this genus, is, I think,
clearly untenable. The statement that there is a rounded pale spot at
each side of the pronotum in vcuz/ata, would seem to set the matter at rest,
and the Fabrician ocuv/ata must apply to some species in another genus,
probably Celophora, with the assumption that the locality given by
Fabricius for ocudata is erroneous ; this is a much more legitimate con-
clusion than to assume the description to be erroneous, as suggested by
Leng. ‘The slender irregular pale area along the sides of the pronotum
in these black forms of O//a could never, by any stretch of the
imagination, be considered rounded, whereas the rounded form is very
common in Celophora. It may be said, also, that casual observation of
the series of these black forms in my collection must convince any

406 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

systematist that there are a number of distinct species, differing
conspicucusly in form and size of the body, as well as in the form and, to
some extent, the position of the elytral pale spots. This would seem to
militate against considering them a melanic modification of abdominalis ;
but this question appears to be no nearer a solution now than in former
times. It would be one of the most interesting problems for the
experimental biologists to solve. ‘The following is allied to abdominaits :

O. minuta, n. sp.—Form as in abdominalis, almost impunctate ;
head pale, with a biangulate basal black area; pronotum with broad lateral
and apical pale margins, the black area almost solid, having merely two
very small, nubilous and elongate discal points; it is broadly bilobed
anteriorly, and has at each side a post-median spur; elytra with the
scutellum and sutural edges finely blackish, each with four subbasal spots
as in abdomina/is, though relatively larger, and three much larger median
spots, the outer two elongate, extending to apical fourth, the subapical
large, only narrowly isolated. Length, 3.2 mm.; width, 2.7 mm. Texas
(Brownsville), Wickham.

Differs in its very much smaller size, still more highly polished surface
and development of the markings, which are, however, of the same order
as in abdominalts.

Pseudocleis, n. gen.

An examination of the figure of C7/ezs /ynx, given by Gorham in the
Biologia, indicates that our Harmonia picta cannot be associated with it,
and should have a distinctive generic name. I would propose the name
Pseudocleis, with picta as the type.

The species described by me as Hudsonica is perfectly valid, and not
a variety of fzcta, as stated by Leng ; minor is, however, properly a sub-
species, and there are two other forms in my cabinet that might with some
propriety receive varietal designations. Itis almost superfluous to add, to
anyone who has actually made careful comparative observations, that our
Antsocalvia cardisce and Victoriana can in no wise be considered as
closely allied to the European rz-guttata. It may be barely possible that
we have been misinterpreting the 72-macudata of Gebler ; at any rate, I
am unable to verify the name by plain count of the spots ; there are
eleven on the elytra and two on the pronotum.

Anatis, Muls.
The species which I described under the name LeContei is so distinct
from Rathvoni, Lec., in every feature, that it could under no circumstances

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, | 407

be confounded with it, except by pure perversity. This error on the part
of Mr. Leng, which is the most unaccountable that I can recall having
seen in print, and, I understand, not typographic, as I had at first sup-
posed, naturally engenders a suspicion that this author must needs have a

very inconstant and peculiar personal equation in regard to reliability.

Leomysia, Csy.

Although the American and European species are probably con-
generic, our European colleagues do not seem to have discovered thatthe
name J/ysza was long since preoccupied when imposed by Mulsant. The
name /Veomysia has therefore to be used for the species of both continents.
Crotch, who had probably seen the type, states that swbvittata, Muls., has
the elytra broadly dilated at the sides, which makes it very doubtfully a
species of Veomysia, where it is placed by Leng, but more probably an
Anatis, to which genus it is assigned by Crotch. The synonymy proposed
by Mr. Leng is therefore erroneous. The assignment of zxterrupta to
Hforni as a variety is, moreover, an error almost as flagrant as that noticed
above under Anatis LeConte:; the two are evidently distinct species»
Hlorni being the smaller and much less broadly rounded, irrespective of
differences in ornamentation.

Psyllobora, Chev.

Of the described forms in this genus, 20-maculata, renifer, borealis,
tedata, deficiens and nana are true and valid species ; obso/eta may be
considered a synonym of 20-maculata and parvinotata as a subspecies ;
separata may be regarded as a subspecies of tedata.

Tribe EXOPLECTRINI.

This tribe, including such genera as Rodolia, Vedalia, Novius and
Exoplectra, with rounded form, pubescent surface and wide, externally
descending epipleura, should be interpolated in the table of tribes given
in my Revision immediately after Epilachnini.

The genus Weaporia, of Gorham, is certainly composite and, as no
type was named, I would propose mefa//ica, Gorh., as the type. Plagio-
derina, Gorh., evidently forms another genus, much more broadly
orbicular, for which the name Aneaporia (n. gen.) may be suggested.
Indagator, together possibly with compta, probably forms another genus.
Some important generic characters doubtless exist in antennal and
sternal structure, to which Mr. Gorham makes little or no reference.

408 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Anovia, 0. gen.

30dy rounded or broadly suboval, convex, evenly punctate and
pubescent, the epipleura very vaguely and scarcely visibly impressed for
the femora ; prothorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely margined
at base and truncate at the scutellum, broadly and deeply emarginate at
apex; head with the eyes entire, only partially concealed by the prothorax,
the epistoma and labrum broadly and very feebly sinuate ; antennz short
and thick, 8-jointed, the club fusoid, with the joints compactly joined ;
naxillary palpi thick, the list joint strongly securiform ; prosternum
between the cox narrow, tumescent, rapidly sloping behind, the meso-
sternum with a transverse tumescent ridge at apex ; abdominal plates very
short, entire ; anterior tibiz flattened, their external edge longitudinally
impressed for the reflexed tarsi; claws with a laminate internal tooth at
base.

The type of this genus, which differs from /Vovius in its broadly and
deeply sinuate apex of the prothorax, is the following :

A. virginalts, Wickh.—A_ cotype of this species from Chadbourne’s
Ranch, Utah, was kindly given me by Prof. Wickham. It was described
under the name Scymnus virginalis, but the author recognized its generic
incompatibiiity. The specimens from St, George, Utah, seem to be
smaller, less suffusedly coloured and with rather straighter parallel sides
of the prothorax, but they have the sixth abdominal segment, as in the
cotype, well developed, and almost as long as the fifth ; this sixth segment
does not appear to differ much in the two sexes. I also have another
specimen, differing but slightly, from El Paso, Texas.

Chilocorus, Leach.

In this genus the species ordus, Csy., is not a variety of db:vulnerus,
nor coufusor a variety of cactz, as stated recently by Leng (1. c., 1908, p.
37, 38), but in each case specifically distinct. Araternus, of LeConte, is
at least a well differeutiated subspecies of dzvudnerus, recognizable by its
smaller size and much less dilated form, as can be. observed with greatest
ease in large series. Cact/, Linn., is a very much larger and more broadly
rounded species than confusor, as clearly shown by some specimens in my
cabinet from Puebla, Mexico, and Honduras ; the latter occupies the arid
regions from San Diego to Nogales. I have recently seen a specimen of
Jraternus taken at Nogales, Ariz, which is probably near its extreme
southern limit of distribution ; besides being smaller and narrower than
bivulnerus, the punctuation is much finer and feebler.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 409

I have recently received a typical example of Axion plagiatum from
Puebla, Mex., and am in position to prove that Zexanum, Lec., is a distinct
species, differing, among other characters, in that in cacti the two elytral
spots are separated across the dorsal surface by only about half the distance
that separates them in Zexanum, due allowance being made for sexual
differences. A/utaceum is smaller, narrower and more compressed than
Texanum, and is probably specifically different ; A/eurale is also in all
probability a distinct species and not a variety, as stated by Leng ; at any
rate, it would be a subspecies of the true plagiatum and not of Texanum.

Exochomus, Redt.
Brumus, ‘‘ Weise” (Leng).

Mr. Leng divides this genus into three named subgenera, of which
the first, Arawana, founded upon Arizonicus, is probably a distinct
genus and not a subgenus, as it differs in important structural characters
as well as in the entire scheme of coloration, which is almost as important.
As to Brumus, ‘‘ Weise,” I am uncertain whether he means Lrumus,
Muls., or not. In his Brumus there apparently should be no acutely
angulate quadrate ungual tooth, as in typical Axochomus, but there is
always either a pronounced basal swelling or bulbosity, as in parvicodlis,
or a rapid thickening of the claw as in Hogez, or an almost completely
simple form as in septentrionts, with the strong probability, when we
consider the absolutely similar or correlative scheme of ornamentation and
the identical facies, that there are intermediate forms. I therefore still
hold that there is but a single genus, and that Lrumus, “ Weise” (Leng)
would be a complete synonym of Ztxochomus, if there were no other
distinction than that of the dentition of the tarsal claws. ‘The case is
parallel to that of Oxyuychus, Lec., and Ayperaspis. But to show how
very uncertain the boundaries of Exochomus and Brumus, Weise, become,
when based solely on dentition, it may be stated that in ethiops, Bland,
the tooth is perfectly distinct and sharply angulate, as usual in Exechomus,
though rather less elevated, but this species is placed by Weise and more
reluctantly by Leng in Brumus and not in Lxochomus. Subrotundus has
tarsal claws nearly as in marginifennis, but with the apical part less
abruptly deflexed and, as the ornamentation in ZLxochomus is not highly
variable, as assumed, but on the contrary noticeably constant and per-
sistent, I have no doubt that swdrotundus is a valid species, and this is
confirmed by its very small size and almost circular form. To compare it
with fasctatus, with its much more elongate-oval form and different colour

410 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST.

scheme, as suggested by Leng, is a decided mistake. The tarsal claw of
fasciatus is wrongly outlined on the plate by Mr. Leng, the basal tooth
being large and subparallel as in margznzpennis, though less elevated.

The tarsal claws in deffectens, latiusculus and marginipennis, very
thick at base, with the apical part very slender and abruptly bent down-
ward, are, however, noticeably differert from the form assumed in the
aethiops, septentrionis and desertorum group. Perhaps it may be this
quite perceptible difference in the shape of the claw that constitutes the
true difference between Lxochomus and Brumus, and not the mere
presence or absence of a basal tooth ; if this be the case the Brumus of
Leng might possibly be considered a valid subgenus, although there are
probably intermediates, and I would prefer to consider our species at
Jeast as constituting a single genus. The European Brumus, Muls., may,
however, be different.*

Septentrionis, Weise, is the northern and eastern species, of unusually
large size, called Davési by Mr. Leng, and it is not at all the Hoge of
Gorham, the latter being a far southern and essentially Sonoran form, very
distinct in appearance and constant in ornamentation. Desertorum and
ovoideus seem to have given rise to much unnecessary confusion on the
part of Mr. Leng, for he puts one in the section with dentate claws and
the other in his Brumus, Weise. They both belong to the latter section,
and are mutually allied, though Iam now convinced distinct species or
subspecies. Desertorum is of very broadly oval outline, and generally has
a long anterior wisp-like prolongation from the posterior spot, while
ovoideus is very narrowly and more evenly elliptic, with the humeri
scarcely at all exposed at base and has the posterior spot circular and
clearly limited throughout its circumference, without suggestion of
prolongation. Neither of these forms has anything whatever to do with
Caltfornicus, either in general appearance or other token of consan-
guinity.

The following species or subspecies may be made known at this
opportunity :

Ff. deflectens, n. subsp.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, alutaceous
and black, the anterior angles of the pronotum nubilously pale; elytra pale

*The genus Brumus, Muls., as represented by its type, S-s¢gnata, which I
have examined since the above was written, differs rather radically from this
American Brumus, ‘‘ Weise” (Leng), in having an entire basal margin of the
pronotum, very large post-coxal arcs, much longer tarsal claws, and in its entire
scheme of ornamentation. If, therefore, our species form a genus or subgenus
distinct from EHxochomus, it is still unnamed.

- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 411

reddish, each with two very large subequal isolated black spots, one just
before, the other well behind, the middle, the punctures fine, sparse and
inconspicuous ; legs pale, the femora piceous ; claws as in marginipennis.
Length, 3.0 mm.; width, 2.6 mm. Missouri.

Allied to marginipennis, but of broader outline, finer punctuation
and with the anterior and posterior black areas of each elytron subequal in
size and wholly isolated. I[t resembles /at/uscu/us in form more closely,
and may, for the present, be considered a subspecies of the latter, which
is specifically different from marginipennis in its much more broadly
rounded outline.

E. Mormonicus, n. sp.—Very broadly rounded, strongly convex,
highly polished, virtually completely impunctate, deep black throughout ;_
tarsal claws well developed, moderately and almost evenly arcuate, with a
distinctly defined rectangular basal tooth within. Length, 3.2-4.0 mm.;
width, 2.8-3.5 mm. Utah (Marysvale), Wickham.

E. Townsendi, n. sp.—Smaller, much more elongate-oval in form,
very convex, polished, deep black throughout, virtually impunctate, the
elytra vertically declivous to the lateral bead, which is finer than in
Mormonicus and ethiops, in which species also the elytra become evidently
subexplanate along the sides, especially anteriorly ; claws nearly similar,
with an even more distinct acute rectangular tooth. Length, 2.8-3.0 mm.;
width, 2.2 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua), Townsend.

Mormonicus is larger, very much more nearly circular and more
polished than efhiops, Bland, and has the elytra practically impunc-
tate even near the thick lateral bead, where numerous distinct punctures are
observable in the latter ; the prothorax is also larger and more especially
of a different shape, being more elongate along the median line. Besides
differing as stated in the description, Zowmsendi is of more narrowly oval
form than the feebly alutaceous effiops, and has the front distinctly more
advanced before the line of the eyes. Both of these forms are species
distinct from ethiops.

E. parvicollis, n. sp.—Very broadly rounded, convex, polished,
virtually impunctate, black, the anterior thoracic angles not paler; elytra
black, with a broad parallel lateral rufous area from the humeri, obliquely
narrowed just before the middle, and extending thence narrowly and
more nubilously for a short distance further, also extending along the basal
margin, and sometimes with a slight posterior angulation, almost to the
scuteHum ; also with a subangulate subapical discal pale spot; under

412 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. -

surface irregularly rufescent, the legs black ; tarsal claws long, evenly
arcuate, with a distinct though rounded swelling internally at base.
Length, 2.4-3.0 mm.; width, 2.0-2.7 mm. Utah (St. George), Wickham.

Resembles desertorum, but differs in its much shorter and more
broadly rounded form and relatively much narrower prothorax. Four
homogeneous specimens.

In septentrionts, Ws. (= Davisi, Leng), the size is large, the form
elongate-oval and the punctures rather coarse, deep and very conspicu-
ous ; there is only a distant relationship between this and desertorum and
ovoideus, and the latter are properly true species and not varieties, at any
rate as far as septentrtonis is concerned ; in them the maxillary palpi have
the fourth joint much shorter and more securiform than in septentrionts

among other differences.
List of Exochomus.

A B
Exochomus in sp. — Brumus, “ Weise” (Leng).

I. marginipennis, LeC.—S. Atl. 7, ethiops, Bland.—N. Mex, Col.

pretextatus, Muls. 8. Mormonicus, Csy.--Utah, Nev.
2. fasciatus, Csy.—S. Calif. g. Townsendi, Csy.—Mex.
3. latiusculus, Csy.—S. Tex. 10. parvicollis, Csy.—Utah.

ssp. deflectens, Csy.—Mo. 11. histrio, Fall.—S.. Calif.
4. Childreni, Muls.—Tex., Mex. 12. desertorum, Csy.— Nev.

GUeX1, Jee: ssp.2? ovoideus, Csy.— Nev.?
5. Californicus, Csy.—N. Calif. 13. orbiculatus, Leng.—Ariz.
6. subrotundus, Csy.—El Paso. I4. septentrionis, Ws.—N.-East N.

Am.
Davisi, Leng.
15. Hogei, Gorh. Mex., N. Mex,
| ssp. Nevadensis, Leng.—-Nev.
Brachyacantha, Chev.

The following species is allied to ursina:

B. Uteella, n. sp.—Form elongate-oval, very convex, polished,
minutely, rather sparsely punctate, black ; female with yellow spots as in
ursina, and nearly as large, except that the two medial are relatively
more distant from the two basal, so that, instead of forming a square as in
ursina, they form a slightly elongate rectangle ; pale side margin of the
prothorax much less broadly dilated anteriorly. Length, 3.6 mm.; width,
2.3mm. Utah (Milford), Wickham.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 413

A subspecies of Utee//a may be defined as follows :

B. Sonorana, n. subsp.—Form still narrower than in Ufee//a, ellip-
soidal, polished, black, very minutely, decidedly sparsely punctulate ;
female with spots nearly as in U¢ee//a but much smaller, except that tne
rectangle formed by the basal and slightly post-medial spots is still more
elongated and the humeral spot is reduced to a small dot; the basal spots

differ in being very small, nubilous and wholly detached from the margin.
- Length, 3.0 mm.; width, 2.0 mm. Mexico (Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua),
Townsend.

I have not examined the male in either of these forms, which differ
profoundly from wrsiza in their narrower, more elongate outline, and,
more especially, in the very fine and sparser punctures.

B. metator, n. sp.—Form and coloration nearly as in festudo, deep
black, polished, the spots sharply defined, rather small and bright yellow ;
head (¢) black throughout, the pronotum black, with the yellow lateral
margin moderate, dilated somewhat anteriorly; élytra distinctly though
moderately punctate, the spots nearly as in ¢estudo but smaller and more
widely separated, the basal.not basally truncate, but circular and only
tangent to the basal margin; legs pale, the femora gradually piceous
toward base. Length, 2.2 mm.; width, 1.7 mm. Texas (Del Rio),
Wickham.

Differs from ¢estudo and BoZ/i in having the head of the female black
and not pale, and in the form of the basal spots of the elytra.

fTyperaspis, Chev.

In this genus the variety which I described under the name
angustata should be considered a synonym of e///ptica. On the other
hand, the variety that I described under the name om/ssa would appear to
have greater value, perhaps fully specific, as the form is rather more
oblong and less convex, the punctures more crowded toward the sides of
the pronotum, and the total absence of the conspicuous and very constant
discal spot of /ateradis gives it a very different appearance. JVotatula
should be removed from its position as originally published to the vicinity
of g-oculata. The following species have come to light since my last
revision :

H. emulator, a. sp.—Broadly oval, very convex, black, shining,
rather finely and loosely punctate ; head (9?) piceous, very gradually
darker basally ; pronotum with a large internally rounded yellow spot,
wider than long, at each side; elytra each with three moderately large

414 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

subequal yellow spots, one somewhat obliquely subquadrangular at two-
fifths and inner third, another rather smaller, rounded and marginal, just
visibly less basal and truncated by the margin, and another, somewhat
transversely oval, near the apical margin, and much more distant from the
suture ; beneath black, the abdomen pale marginally, the legs pale.
Length, 2.6 mm.; width, 2.0mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunénmacher.

To be classed with medialis, but not closely related, much larger,
with slightly more anterior discal spot and piceous head in the female.
The head is pale in both sexes of media/is.

HT. fastidiosa, un. sp.—Broadly suboblong-oval, convex, black,
polished, finely though rather strongly and closely punctate ; head (2)
dark rufo-piceous, gradually becoming blackish basally and yellowish
apically ; pronotum with a large yellow spot, internally angulate and wider
than long, at each side; elytra each with three large yellow spots, one
elongate-oval, from basal seventh to the middle and inner sixth to just
beyond the middle ; another, marginal, from the humeri to apical third,
acuminate anteriorly, and gradually though moderately dilated posteriorly,
the third large, subobtriangular, very close to the apical margin, and but
little further from the suture ; beneath black, the abdomen nubilously pale
marginally, the legs pale. Length, 2.2 mm.; width, 1.65 mm. California
(San Diego), Nunenmacher.

ff. conspirans, 0. sp.—Smaller, less broadly and more evenly oval,
convex, polished, black, finely, less closely punctate; head ( ¢ ) bright yellow-
ish-white, abruptly black only at the base of the occiput; pronotum with a
large internally arcuate yellow spot, as wide as long, at each side; elytra
each with three rather large similarly straw-yellow spots, one rounded,
from basal fourth to the middle and inner fifth to a little beyond the median
line; another, marginal, semicircular, at the middle and the third
somewhat smaller, slightly irregular, subtransversely oval, distinctly
separated from the apical margin, and subequally so from the suture ;
under surface black throughout, the legs black, the anterior pale. Length,
1.6 mm.; width, 1.1 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.

Both of the above species are allied to gemma, the first differing in its
very differently coloured head in the male, and total absence of the con-
spicuous yellow apical thoracic margin of gemma. The second has the
same pale yellow head in the male, but lacks the pale apical thoracic
margin or any indication that it could exist, as the lateral spots are

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 415

rounded internally, their arcuate margin becoming more externally oblique
anteriorly to the apical angles ; a very similar species, of which I only

have females at present, occurs at Alpine, Texas.

,

Mr. Chas. Schaeffer (Sci. Bull., Br. Inst., Vol. 1, p. 145) confuses
medialis, and inferentially also gemma, fastidiosa and conspirans, with
sexverrucata, Fabr., and pratensis, Lec., must be closely related. But Mr.
Schaeffer is mistaken in this, as a little closer observation would have
shown him that there are a number of distinct species, and, on consulting
Mulsant’s description of sexverrucata (Spec., p. 639), which is a South
American insect, he would have read the following diagnosis: Briefly and
obtusely oval ; prothorax brown or red-brown, ornamented each side with
a yellow border ; elytra black or brown, each with three yellow spots, two
suborbicular near two-fifths of the length, the external bound to the lateral
border, the third subapical, obtriangular. The coloration of the pronotum
prohibits any close alliance with these Sonoran forms, and Gorham was
hasty in assigning those from northern Mexico to this species. It is a
common type in the fauna of Mexico, but includes many indubitable
species. Mr. Schaeffer seems of late to be somewhat solicitous concerning
the distinctness of Zeng and rotunda (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Sept., 1908);
the two appear to me to be amply distinct species, indeed not even closely
related.

H. imperialts, n. sp.— Moderately broadly oval, very convex, polished,
black, rather finely but strongly, the elytra not very closely, punctate ;
head (@) dull, black ; pronotum black, the sides yellowish-red, the pale
area longer than wide, parallel, with its inner margin bisinuate ; elytra
with the umboniform callus at basal fifth unusually pronounced, black,
each with a large evenly elliptical dull red spot, from a fifth to six-sevenths
of the length, and from inner fifth at apical fourth, where it approaches the
suture most closely, to within a short but appreciable distance of the
lateral margin ; under surface and legs black throughout. Length, 3.6
mm.; width, 2.8 mm. Mexico (Puebla).

This very distinct species belongs to the same group as the Florida
regalis and Mexican fpanzose. It differs from the latter in its more
elongate form, much less basal pale elytral area, and in having the sides
of the pronotum pale.

Hi. oculifera, n. sp.—Broadly oval, convex, shining, strongly and
rather closely punctate, black, the entire head and a large subquadrate

416 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

spot at each side of the pronotum pale(¢); elytra each with a rounded
yellowish spot at posterior third, barely perceptibly more distant from the
suture than the side margin; legs short, dark testaceous, the posterior
piceous-black, though paler at the knees. Length, 2.1 mm.; width, 1.6
mm. Arizona (Benson), Nunenmacher.

Belongs near Wickhamt, but differs.in the stronger and rather closer
punctures, larger eyes, with narrower interocular surface and in the
position of the.elytral spots, which are much more nearly on the median
longitudinal line.

HI. significans, 1. sp.—Oval, convex, polished, moderately finely and
sparsely but rather strongly punctate, strongly and closely so beneath,
biack, the entire head and narrow pronotal side-margins pale ( ¢), or with
the former picescent and the side-margins nubilous (2); elytra with a
large and irregularly rounded lateral spot of red at the middle of the

margin, by which it is diametrally truncated, and sometimes extending -

more than half way across the elytron ; under surface piceous, rufescent
peripherally, the legs slightly pale, the hind femora darker. Length,
2.2—-2.5 mm.; width, 1.5-1.75 mm. Utah (St. George), Wickham.

May be placed near p/euralis, but differs in the much larger, red and
less sharply-defined lateral spot, and much more elongate-oval form of
body.

ff. concurrens, 1. sp.— Moderately elongate-oval, black or piceous-
black throughout, polished, finely, not closely and rather strongly punctate;
head (¢) pale, finely punctate and pubescent throughout ; pronotum
narrowly, nubilously rufescent at the sides ; elytra without maculation of
any sort ; under surface piceous-brown, the metasternum densely punctate
laterally. Length, 2 o-2.3 mm.; width, 1.4-1.65 mm. Utah (St. George),
Wickham.

This distinct species may also be placed in the neighbourhood of
pleuralts.

f1. aterrima, n. sp.-—Form nearly as in the preceding but smaller in
size, deep black throughout (¢), or with the entire head and narrow,
abruptly-defined sides of the pronotum yellow (7%); elytra without macu-
lation, polished, finely, rather sparsely punctate; under surface more
coarsely, less densely punctate, black, the tibize and tarsi feebly pallescent.
Length, 1.6-2.1 mm.; width, r.2-1.4 mm.—Utah (St. George), Wickham.

Differs from the preceding in its bright yellow and sharply-defined
anterior markings of the male, but more particularly in the feebly punctate

pat vere

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 417

and wholly glabrous frontal surface. The eyes are notably larger and the
front narrower in the male than in the female.

Hf. coloradana, n. sp.—Form moderately elongate, oblong-suboval,
not very convex, polished, strongly, not densely’ punctate, black ; head,
except at each side of the basal margin, and sides of the pronotum
abruptly and narrowly but not extending to the base, though finely
throughout the apical margin, yellow (¢); elytra with a moderately
narrow, abrupt, subparallel yellow side margin from base to apical third,
and a rather small, widely detached subapical spot ; under surface black,
the anterior legs pale ; mes-episterna pale in external half. Length, 2.2
mm.; width, 1.6 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

Resembles the Californian @ssoluta, Cr., very greatly, but has the
yellow side margin of the elytra much less sinuated internally and shorter,
the apical spot smaller and rather nearer the suture and the outer half of
the mes-episterna pale, but, more especially, in the much less convex, more
oblong and less oval form of the body.

Hi. serena, n. sp.—Coloration, lustre and punctuation throughout
nearly as in zzflexa, but with the expanded apex of the marginal reddish
vitta less anteriorly extended ; form of the body more narrowly oblong
and parallel, not regularly oval as in ¢nflexa,; abdominal plate more
broadly rounded and not quite attaining the first suture. Length 2.5 mm.;
width, 1.7 mm. Pennsylvania, Warren Knaus.

Differs from ¢zffexa in the form of the body and other characters.

fl. Nunenmacheri, n. sp.— Rather broadly ovai and convex, nearly as
in postica, black, polished, sparsely but more distinctly punctate ; head
and pronotum ( 9°) black, the latter without trace of pale side margin ;.
elytra each with a parallelogramic marginal yellow spot at base, twice as
long as wide, ending abruptly behind and truncate, and also a transversely
but broadly oval subapical spot, twice as far from the suture as the apical
margin; beneath black throughout, the tibie somewhat, and the tarsi
decidedly, pale. Length, 2.75 mm.; width, 2.05 mm. California (River-
side), Nunenmacher.

Allied to ostica, Lec., but differs in the absence of the pale sides of
the pronotum and in the presence of a short, broad, parallel humeral spot
on the elytra.

f7. protensa, n. sp.—Rather more elongate, narrow and parallel than
any other species, shining, deep black above and beneath, the head and
pronotum wholly black (?), the elytra with a narrow even and feebly

A18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bisinuate yellow side margin, which is continuous throughout, though
retreating from the edge posteriorly, not quite attaining the suture ; under
surface feebly and rather sparsely punctate, the anterior legs pallescent.
Length, 1.8 mm.; width, 1.15 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.

Belongs near /imbadis, the ornamentation being almost identical,
though more closely approaching the suture at apex, but differing greatly
in the narrower, more elongate and parallel and much less oval form of
body, and also in the sparser and very much feebler punctuation of the
under surface. Sficudinota, Fail, belongs to the ¢-oculata series, as do
also the two following:

71. fidelis, n. sp.—Form slightly more broadly oval, convex, polished,
black ; head black (@), the pronotum with a similar lateral pale margin ;
elytra similarly rather strongly punctate, with a narrow pale lateral border,
which is feebly and broadly sinuate within, in basal two-thirds, a large
subtriangular subapical spot and a discal spot twice as long as wide, the
centre of which is only ‘very slightly before the middle ; under surface
black, the abdomen finely, sparsely punctate, the legs all pale red-brown,

the metacoxal plate not quite attaining the apex of the segment, which it

fully attains in g-ocu/ata. Length, 2.3 mm.; width, 1.6 mm. California
(Los Angeles).

Hf. Bensonica, n. s).—Still more broadly oval and a little more convex,
polished, black ; head pale, except at the basal margin ( f), the pronotum
with narrow parallel pale sides ; elytra sparsely but strongly punctate,
with a narrow yellow lateral border, which is strongly sinuated within and
extending from the base to apical third, a transversely oval subapical spot
and a circular discal spot at basal two-fifths, much in advance of the spot
in g-oculata or notatula; abdomen more closely and strongly punctate,
the legs blackish, except the anterior, the metacoxal plate about attaining
the segmental apex. Length, 2.0 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. Arizona (Benson),
Nunenmacher.

In the true z-ocuZata, from the middle California coast regions, there
is normally no yellow elytral margin or spots, but occasionally there are
two very feeble elongate streaks, at base and behind the middle. The
male has the black base of the front deeply angulate, while in the male of
notatuda the black at the base is transversely truncate, except at the sides,
where the pale area extends further posteriorly along the eyes, in a way
just the reverse of g-oculuta. Horni, of Crotch, would appear to be
different from 4-ocuw/ata and not identical, as I suggested in my Revision,

De

lh, ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 419

for the author states that it is smaller than wzduZata, shorter and rounder,
more finely punctate, the elytra with a straight pale margin for two-thirds,
a discal spot much nearer the base even than in that species and a
triangular subapical spot. LeConte stated that it was a synonym of
Jateralis, but that is even more unlikely.

Hf. Octavia, n. sp.—Form-nearly as in undulata but sensibly more.

broadly oval, more polished, deep black ; head and pronotum(?#, ?)
almost similar, the latter more transverse ; elytra more sparsely but more
coarsely punctate, the punctures more impressed, each with three rather
small and rounded, widely separated yellow spots along the sides, and one,
discal and rounded, evidently before the middle. Length, 2.25-2.5 mm.;
width, 1.6-1.8 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).

Related to wzdu/ata but differing in its more polished surface,
coarser punctures, small, rounded, widely separated marginal spots, which
never have any tendency to coalesce, in having the outer limit of the
post-coxal arcs more distant from the abdominal side margin and the
greater part of the mes-episterna pale in colour in the male, and not black
throughout as in the male of wuzdu/ata.

ff. filiola, n. sp.—Elongate-oval, only moderately convex, obtuse
before and behind, black, rather shining, the head alutaceous, the
punctures rather strong and impressed but only moderately close-set; head
and pronotum black throughout (9); elytra with yellow side margin
subequally wide throughout, bisinuate within, the apical part but little
dilated, receding from the edge, nearly attaining the suture, and making
an angle of about 100° with the part before it; each also with an elongate
yellow spot, rather small in size, extending from three-sevenths to three-
fifths of the length, and from inner two-sevenths not quite to the median
line ; under surface blackish, the tibiz and tarsi paler. Length, 2.1 mm.;
width, 1.1 mm. Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.

This small but distinct species may be placed near paludico/a.

LH. revocans, n. sp.—Very small, rather broadly oval, broadly obtuse
behind, shining, black, wholly glabrous ; head and sides and apex of the
pronotum rather broadly yellow (¢), the latter finely punctulate ; elytra
virtually impunctate, the punctures very minute, only visible under high
power, the side margins from base to apica! third, moderately sinuate
within, and on each a large subapical transversely oval spot and a broad
discal vitta, somewhat sinuate on each of its sides, from the scutellum

420 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

obliquely backward to a little beyond the middle near inner third,
yellowish-white ; under surface piceous, the abdomen rather closely and
strongly though finely punctate. Length, 1.4 mm.; width, 1.1 mm. Utah
(St. George), Wickham.

This is a wholly isolated species, somewhat remindful at first of the
genus AZyperaspidius; it may be placed just before anmexa in the list but
has no affinity with that species. The tarsal claws are obtusely swollen
internally at base.

H. tetraneura, 0. sp.—Nearly as in ¢-vittata, though very: slightly
more broadly oval and decidedly less convex, sirnilarly rather strongly
and closely punctate, black, polished ; head black; pronotum ( ¢@ ?) black,
with a very narrow, not very abruptly pale side margin; elytra with
the side margin evenly and very narrowly pale to but little beyond two-
thirds, each also with a similarly narrow even pale oblique vitta from basal
sixth, slightly. beyond the median line, to apical fifth at inner third.
Length, 2.3 mm.; width, 1.45 mm. Colorado (Boulder Co.).

Resembles ¢-vzttata, but differs in the abruptly abbreviated and much
narrower vittee, more finely and sparsely punctate abdomen, and, espe-
cially, in the much more narrowly rounded post-coxal arcs, which scarcely
attain the first suture, along which they are contiguous for some distance
in g-vittata. 7

The species described by Mr. Schaeffer (I. c., p. 143) as Hyperaspis
trifurcata, 1s strongly remindful, in its form and general scheme of
ornamentation, of a species published by me under the name /Ayperas-
pidius insignis, and I would therefore advise a closer scrutiny of its generic
characters. The species, though, 1s doubtless different.

Hyperaspidius, Cr.

The species described by LeConte under the name v7ftigera is not
by any means the same as the Mexican ¢rimaculatus, Linn., as becomes
apparent at once on reading Mulsant’s description of the latter. The
species should therefore be known under LeConte’s name, wéifttigera
(=¢trimaculatus, Cr., nec Linn.).

HT. pallescens, n. sp.—Broadly oblong, very obtuse at apex, moderately
convex, polished; head and pronotum ( 9 ) rufo-testaceous, the latter subim-
punctate, with a narrow yellowish-white side margin ; elytra rather finely
and sparsely but strongly and evenly punctate, smooth, pale reddish-
brown, the basal and lateral margins, retreating from the edge posteriorly,
and not quite attaining the suture at apex, whitish, the basal stripe
prolonged posteriorly, near the suture, touching or feebly joining the apex

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 42}

of the marginal stripe; legs pale. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, 1.0 mm.
Arizona (Nogales), Nunenmacher.

Allied to wittigera but smoother, more broadly oblong and differing
in colour. ‘The prothorax is but little narrower than the elytra and two
and one-half times as wide as its greatest length. The species from El
Paso, which I identified as ¢rimacu/atus, Linn. (Rev., p. 130), is as follows :

FZ. oblongus, n. sp. —( = trimaculatus, Csy., nec Linn.).— Differs greatly
from vittigera, Lec., in the ornamentation of the male pronotum, which is
said to be yellow, with a large basal black spot anteriorly lobed and
extending beyond the middle in that species, according to Crotch (Rev.,
p. 232). It occurs in Missouri.

A REMARKABLE CECIDOMYIID FLY.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.

On Sept. 24, 1908, as I was walking down Seventeenth St, Boulder,
Colorado, I noticed a very singular fly upon the pavement. At first sight
I thought it might be a small Bibionid of some sort, but when I had it in
the bottle, I was delighted to find that it was a most peculiar Cecidomyiid.
It is one of the Hermomyia group, the first to be recorded from the West.
I describe it as a Hormomyia, though its peculiar characters may eventu-
ally entitle it to a separate generic name.

fTormomyta coloradensis, ni. sp.

$.—Length, 514 mm.; wings almost 6 ; thorax blood-red, so arched
over head that the latter is quite invisible from above, and only the eyes
can be seen from an angle of about 45° in front; dorsum of thorax with
short scanty black hair ; head pale; antenne dark, at first sight appearing
26-jointed, but really 14-jointed, the joints after the first two being divided
into a basal swelling and an apical
double swelling, each of the three
swellings (counting the apical as
m1: fe A ore two) ornamented with small white
| go : loops, while the lowest and highest

Hormomyia

Gax } weg each emit many long black bristles ;
all this being exactly as Xylodtplosts
precox (Bull. Soc. Ent., France,

Fic. 19.—Base of wing and male antennal 1895, p: Cxli), except that the long
joints of Hormomyia. fe j ce A
bristles are much longer, being

much more than twice the length of the loops ; wings strongly dusky, with
much dark hair and a conspicuous dark fringe; legs very thick, almost
November, 1908

422 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

ee

spider-like, dark reddish, with short black hair; coxze and trochanters red 2
first tarsal joint very short, second long; claws slender, simple ; abdomen
shining red-brown, except first segment, which is pale reddish ; segments
2 to 6 each with four transverse red spots, the midmost pair more basad
than the others ; sides and under surface of abdomen with black hair ;
claspers very small. |

The venation is in general like that of typical Yormomyia (Williston,
N. A. Dipt., 3rd Ed., p. rr, f. 4), except that the third vein does not bend
down so much apically, while the lower branch of the fifth bends down
more, entering the margin practically at right angles. There is, however,
a much more remarkable character; the third vein is continued straight
to the base of the fifth (it is reddish and very distinct), and ¢he “tittle cross-
vein to the first, which is supposed to be the real beginning of the third, ts
totally absent.* There is a little vein leaving the first just above the
origin of the third from the fifth, continuing a short distance obliquely
downward and dasad, and failing to connect with anything. I have
examined the specimen over and over again with the lens and compound
microscope, and there is no doubt about the structures. This affords, I
think, a strong argument in favour of the view that the third vein is the
real media (as I have suggested in my studies of Nemestrinide), the
so-called cross-vein being part of it. According to this view, the condition
found in Sczara, various Cecidomyiide, etc., is genninely primitive, and a
further investigation of these types may be expected to yield significant
results.

NOTES ON THE GENUS S/TAR7DA, WHITE.
BY F. CREIGHTON WELLMAN, M. -D., F. E. S., WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Australian Meloid genus Sttarida was founded by White in
1846 on Sitarida Hopei, a new species described by himself. The type,
from New Holland, was a single 2, which is still in the British Museum.
In 1863 Pascoe erected the genus Goetymes for the reception of his newly-
described Goetymes flavicornis, from Port Stephens, represented by a
single { specimen (type), also in the British Museum.

“On one side only there is a thin colourless line, no thicker than the hairs on
the same part of the wing, passing from the first vein to the third. It seems not
to be a rudiment of a vein. At the base there is a thin colourless thread passing
from the first to the third, touching the tip of the broken vein and ending a little
before the forking of the third and fifth.

November, 1908

a ar

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 423

The only real differential character given by Pascoe for the separation
of Goetymes from Sitarida is indicated in the following words: “ The
nearest ally of this genus is Svfar/da White, from which, inter alta, it
differs, as it does from every other of the family, in its flabellate antenne.”
It need hardly be pointed out that the above-mentioned difference is
nothing more than a sexual dimorphism, and a comparison of the types of
the two genera has convinced me that they not only belong to the same
genus, but that they probably even represent the sexes of one species. I
am the more encouraged in this idea by finding while looking through the
literature that Mr. Waterhouse has apparently held the same view, as Beau-
regard (Les Jus. Vées., p. 407) writes: ‘‘ M,. Waterhouse m’a dit qu’il avait
des raisons de croire que Sitarida et Goetymes ne sont que le ¢ etla @
d’une méme espéce.” The differences in the antennal structures of the
specimens examined by me may be given in Pascoe’s own words, as
follows: ‘‘In both they are 11-jointed ; but in Svtavida' the first four are
simple, while each of the remaining seven throws out laterally and at the
base a short square lamina, this portion of the antenna being, in fact,
pectinate. In Goetymes® the first three joints only are simple, the
remainder being drawn out into long lamin, closely applied to each other
at the base, and forming a comvact mass when at rest.” The other
differences relate chiefly to the size and colour of the specimens, with the
exception that the thorax in the @ is (as would quite be expected) some-
what more coarsely punctured than in the ¢. It may be added that the
examination of the single specimens in the British Museum shows that
both have simple claws, a character not elsewhere met in the family except
in Hornia.®

Two additional forms, both of them evidently distinct, have been
described, and, treating White’s and Pascoe’s species for the time being as
separable, the list of species now stands as foilows :

Genus—Svtarida, White, Stoke’s Discov. in Austral., I,
1846, p. 508.
Goetymes, Pascoe, Journ. Ent., II, 1853, p. 47.

1. The female.

2. The male.

3. Westwood’s statement (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.. 1875, p. 226), that his
genus Deridea has simple claws, is a mistake ; the claws, while very small, are
of the usual Meloid type, as may be seen under the low power of a compound
microscope.

Ate THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Species—1. oper, White, Joc. cit., p. 508, tab. 2, fig. 2, 9 (Sitarida ).
New Holland.

Large species, black, head convex, strongly rounded in front, coarsely
sculptured, thorax subtrigonate, sides slightly rounded, coarsely punctured,
legs robust, tarsi short.

2. flavicornis, Pasc., loc. cit., p. 48, tab. 2, fig. 5, ¢ (Goetymes), Port

Stephens. Poi

Smaller than preceding, pale fulvous, head and thorax more finely

punctured, the latter with a cruciform impression on disk.

3. pictipes, Blackburn, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., XXIII, 1899, p.
69, 6 (Goetymes), Melbourne.

Half the length of ope?, black, head and thorax closely and rather
strongly punctulate, the latter transverse, canaliculate, elytra light brown,
tibize and tarsi yellow.

4. minor, Champion, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 274, tab. 6,

fig. 11, 9* (Sitarida ), Hobart (Tasmania).

Much smaller than preceding, head and thorax closely punctate (but
with vertex sparsely so, and occiput almost smooth), vertex broadly and
abruptly raised, subtruncate at summit, thorax strongly transverse, with
two smooth transverse tubercular elevations on disk ; legs very slender.

The following artificial table, based on the thoracic characters, may
aid in separating the above forms :

A. Thorax canaliculate.

Thorax transverse, coarsely and rather strongly

Punctulates..°. Ae. Sars ck. Coudvge Seo se. ee ee ene
AA. Thorax not canaliculate.
a. Thorax subtrigonate, sides slightly rounded. .,
a. Thorax coarsely punctured:....0:.. 2:50. cane. eee
aa. Thorax more finely punctured, and with cruciform
impression on disk... 4.%.6. 4. ‘usw sien af Q DUCA
aa. Thorax strongly transverse.

Thorax closely punctate, and with two smooth transverse
tubercular elevationsion: disk, Jos s.3s.n. sure ee eee

4. Champion gives his insect as a male, but judging from his description
and figure (I have not seen his type), I think this must be a mistake. If his
determination of the sex should prove to be correct, it would necessitate the
erection of a new genus.

ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 425

THE. -RHOPALOCERA OF. SANTA: "CHARA (COUNTY;
CALIFORNIA.

BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PALO ALTO, CALIF.

Santa Clara County borders on the Bay of San Francisco, extending
back therefrom through the Santa Clara Valley to the Santa Cruz
Mountains, which perhaps average 2,500 ft. in altitude. Owing to the
diversity of the topography, many species are found to be very locally
confined. For instance, Gezdes gorgon is but rarely met with in the
valley, its habitat being on the hot, dry hillsides where Erzogonum thrives,
The home of the Argynnids is on the highest ridges, and they are seldom
seen elsewhere. To the bay region no species are strictly confined, but
some of the Lycenide and Hesperide are more abundant there than else-
where. Along the inner sloughs, where Sa/x occurs, a few species, such
as Papilio rutulus and eurymedon, Bastlarchia Lorguiniit and Limenitis
Bredowii, var. californica, which have willow or oak for their food-plant,
are common. In the valley proper a great majority of the species occur.
There is a sharp distinction in the faunal aspects, although only a few
hundred feet difference in altitude between the valley and the foothills.
In the hilis, Mimulus and Casti/eja furnish food for the ZLemonzids, which
fly in countless numbers. Many species of Zycenide have for their food-
plants Lupinus, 4tsculus and Hosackia, which occur everywhere in the
hills. To the mountain region.a number of species, such as Chrysobia
mormo, Habrodias grunus and others, are confined. Thus, one might
collect here for years and then not have taken all the species. This
localization can be accounted for directly by the range of the food-plants.
In the open fields of the valley, Zuchloé sara and ausonides are common,
flying about S4rassica, their food-plant. Ascending into the hills,
ausonides becomes rarer and higher up is never met with. Sava, on the
other hand, flies almost everywhere, but I am quite positive that in the
hills it has a different food-plant, as mustard is ‘‘few and far between,” and
sara is often found far away from it. I might say here that I do not
believe in determining species by the localities from which they come. It
should be remembered that butterflies, like other insects, must be allowed
some variation which the effects of climate, etc., impose upon them. In
some of our genera, particularly Argyunis and Lemonias, which have
many western species, a large number of these so-called species will prove
but geographical forms of others. Lepidopterists distinguish between
Lemonias Wrightii and leanira because one is from Southern California
and the other from farther north. If a 9 Wrightii (from Los Angeles)
and a ¢ /eanira (from San Francisco) should meet, I am sure they would

November, 1908

426 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

never take each other for foreigners. In fact, in a long series of specimens

from either locality you might pick out “types” of either form, and besides |
Nope ght p yp

find a couple of ‘‘new” species. The value and necessity of western local
lists is thus shown. The sooner we know-better the range, etc., of some
of these doubtful species, the sooner we shall be able to place them
correctly in our catalogues. The following list is, I think, quite complete,
except in the Hesperide, to which I hope to make numerous additions.
Iam deeply indebted for various notes and favours to Mr. 7G:
Grundel, of Alma; Mr. F. X. Williams, of San Francisco ; Mr. Fordyce
Grinnell, jr., of Pasadena, and Mr. E. J. Newcomer, of Palo Alto.

PAPILIONIDA.

Papilio eurymedon, Boisd.—The commonest of the genus here, flying
from April to July. The food-plant is Rhamnus californicus.

Papilio rutulus, Boisd.—Not as abundant as eurymedon. ‘The usual
food-plant is Sa/ix, but also Rubus and Magnolia. May to September,

Papilio zolicaon, Boisd.—Fairly common from May to November.
The larva feeds on Umbellifere, particularly Heniculum vulgaris.

Papilio polyxenes, Fab.—Probably the variety asteroides, Reakirt. I
have not seen it, but it is reported to be common at Santa Clara. The
larval food-plant is probably Daucus carota.

Laertias philenor, Linn.—Rare. It has been takenin February and
September. The larva, as in the east, feeds on the Dutchman’s Pipe
(Aristolchia serpentaria), which is very rare in this county.

PIERIDA.

Pontia occidentalis, Reak.—Common everywhere in the valley. The
variety calyce, Edw., is the cold-weather form.

Pontia protodice, Boisd.—Rare. Protodice is the southern represen-
tative of occidentalis, and this is about the northern limit of its range. The
variety vernalis, Edw., is the cold-weather form, appearing in late winter
and spring.

Pontia napi, V.inn.—The varieties. venosa, Scudder, and castoria,
Reakirt, are not rare in the lower foothills, where their food-plant grows.

Pontia rape, Linn.—Superabundant everywhere, except in the higher
mountains, where it is rarely met with.

Euchloé ausonides, Boisd.—One of our earliest species, appearing
sometimes as early as February. The life-history was described in the
May ‘Entomological News” by Mr. E. J. Newcomer and myself.

Euchloé sara, Boisd., and Reakirtiz, Edw.—Also common and early.
Reakirti is the spring and sara the summer form. The larval habits are
much similar to those of azsonides.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 427

Zerene eurydice, Boisd.—Not common. It is abundant to the north
in Marin and Sonoma counties, where its food-plant, Amorpha californica,
is found.

Lurymus eurytheme, Boisd., and varieties ariadne, Edw., and
keewaydin, Edw.—Very common everywhere, especially flying about. the
flowers of Brassica, Radix and alfalfa.

NYMPHALID&.

Agraulis vanille.—Very rare. I have taken but a single specimen,
in late August. The larva feeds on Passiflore, the Passion vines.
| Argynnis coronis, Behr.—Common throughout California. In this
county it appears toward the end of May, sometimes earlier, and is also
found on the wing in August and September. Like the other local
Argynnids, except, perhaps, ca/lippe, it flies almost altogether in the
mountains, about the flowers of the wild tansy, which grows on the dry
hillsides. The larva feeds on wild violet.

Argynnis liliana, Hy. Edw.—Zitana is intermediate between
callippe and coronis, partaking of the characters of both. ~ It is not at all
rare in the Santa Cruz Mountains, emerging towards the middle of June
and flying about the flowers of the wild tansy. Food-plant wild violet.

Argyuntis callippe, Boisd.—This species is the most common one in
the lower foothills and va'leys. I have seen quite a number in early fall
about the sloughs of the marshes near the bay. ‘There is but one genera-
tion, the imagines emerging in June and July. As with our other local
species of this genus, the food-plant is wzo/a.

Argynnis adiaste, Behr.—The habits of adaste are much similar to
those of the preceding species. It usually appears about the end of June,
but this year I took many fine specimens the last day of May. Females
were also quite common this year, whereas they are ordinarily quite rare.
Adiaste is very limited, only occurring, so far as known to me, from San
Francisco (San Francisco County) to Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County), a
distance of about eighty miles.

Argynnis eglets, Boisd.—I have not seen this species, but Mr.
Grundel tells me it is not rare at Mt. Hamilton in early July.

Brenthis epithore, Boisd.—£pithore flies in the open patches near
shaded woods, where its food-plant, vzo/a, is found. I have never seen it
in the lower hills or valleys.

Lemonias chalcedon, Dbl. and Hew.—Very abundant and variable.
The larva feeds on a variety of plants, more especially IZzmuZlus, Castileza,
and occasionally Rosa. Last summer I saw a curious female aberration

498 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in the collection of Mr. J. C. Grundel, and as he has taken another similar
one this season, I consider it sufficiently constant to be worthy of a name.

Lemonias chalcedon aberr., Grundeli aberr., nov.— 2. On primaries
the spots are produced into long bars, which are arranged more or less
regularly into three series, the outer two somewhat rounded ; very little
red, except on outer margin. On secondaries the markings are in the
shape of long yellowish bars, eight in number ; a very fine marginal border. -
Beneath, on primaries the markings are repeated apically, as in typical
specimens. On the secondaries the bars are repeated and are broken
centrally by an irregular ferruginous band ; base ferruginous, with several
black patches. Expanse, 2.10 inches. Cathran Gulch, Wright’s Station,
Calif, May 17, 1902. The ornamentation above resembles that of
Lemonias Hoffmanni aberr., mirabilis, Wright (Butt. West Coast, pl. XX,
fig. 184 and b). The specimen taken this year is soniewhat smaller, and
the black basal area of the upper wings is produced further exteriorly.
Otherwise it is much similar.

Lemonias palla, Boisd.—Plentiful in the canons. It is dimorphic,
two forms of females being found, one a foxy-reddish colour and the other
blackish. All intergradations may be found. LZyvremita, Wright, and
sabina, Wright, are females of pal/a. This species is confined more to
the foothills, like Zeanzra, and unlike chalcedon, does not occur in the
valley. The known food-plants are Castz/ejza and Plantago.

Thessalia leanira, Boisd. Not uncommon. Specimens vary greatly
in size, from 1.40-2.00 inches. The variety odso/eta, Hy. Edw., was
described from San Rafael, in Marin County, and propane) occurs feng
Nothing is known of the preparatory stages.

Phyciodes pratensis, Behr.—Quite plentiful. May be found in num-
bers about puddles in early summer. The larva feeds on Carduus.°

Phyciodes mylitta, &dw.—Much rarer than pratensis. The food-plant
is the same as the preceding.

Polygonia satyrus, Edw.—This is our commonest angle-wing, and
may be found flying a greater part of the year.

Polygonta satyrus, var. marsyas, Edw.—A darker form than satyrus,
which I take to be the variety marsyas, is much rarer than the lighter.
The food-plant of this and the preceding is nettles.

Polygonia zephyrus, Edw.—May be found sparingly along roadsides
and open spots in the canons where water is found. , Wright, in his Butter-
flies of the West Coast, states that “the larval food-plant of all Graptas is

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 429

nettles,” but the larva of sephyrus, as is well known, feeds on Azalea
occidentalts and the elm, hop-vine and various species of the Grossulacea,
furnish food for other species.

Eugonia californica, Boisd.—Flies in the mountains where its food-
plant, Ceanothus, is found. Seldom seen in the valley. It appears to
have been plentiful in the past, but has since become quite rare.

Euvanessa antiopa, Linn.—The “mourning cloak” practically flies
here the year round, as it often comes out of its hibernation on warm days.
The variety Aygie@a, Heyd., has been reported from San Jose.

Vanessa atalanta, Linn.—Abundant, its habits being similar to those
of the preceding.

Vanessa huntera, Fabr.—Not so common. Until this season I had
only seen one specimen, but I found it abundant enough on dry hillsides
flitting about various flowers.

Vanessa cardui, Linn.—Common everywhere.

Vanessa carye, Hub.—Another common species, the larva feeding
on Malva. I have not observed the aberration MWwe//ert, Letcher.

Junonia cenia, Hub.—Always quite common. Food-plants Plantago
and Antirrhinum, preferably the latter.

Basilarchia Lorguinit, Boisd.—Plentiful in the vicinity of Sa/zx, its
food-plant.

Limenttis Bredowii, Hub., var. californica, But).—Not rare. The
larva feeds on the young tips of Quercus, and is very similar to Basz/.
Lorquinit,

AGAPETID#.

Cercyonis alope, Fabr., var. doopis, Behr.—Rather rare. It appears
in July.

Cercyonis charon, Edw.—Confined to the hills and mountains. Early
July.

Cenonympha californica, Dbl. and Hew.—Common.

LYMNADID&.

Anosia plexippus, Linn.—Occasionally seen, but by no means

abundant. Asin the east, the food-plant is Asclepzas.

RIODINID.

Chrysobia mormo, Feld—Found only on the dry and sandy hillsides
with its food-plant, Hvtogonum. The larva is nocturnal, hiding in the
daytime in the leaves and rubbish at the base of the plant, where pupation
also occurs. The female, Argynnid-like, sometimes drops her eggs while
on the wing. -

430 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LYCANIDA. , ;

Habrodias grunus, Boisd.—I have collected this species commonly
in fall in the mountains, flying about its food-plant, Quercus chrysolepis,
Lieb.

Atlides halesus, Cramer.—Very rare. I have only seen one speci-
men from this locality. The larva feeds on Phoradendron villosum, Nutt.,
with which Quercus is badly parasitized.

Uranotes melinus, Hubn.—Appears in late June, and is then
abundant, flying about the flowers of Brassica, Radix and others. The
larva lives on the flower-buds of JZa/va.

Thecla sepium, Boisd.—Scarce, several specimens have been taken
in the mountains in September.

Incisalia troides, Boisd.—I have not examined specimens of this
species closely, but I have seen several specimens collected at Alma, which
I would consider as belonging to this species.

Callophrys dumetorum, Boisd. (=affinis, Edw., = viridis, Edw.).—
Not rare in the foothills from April to May. The larva feeds on the buds
of Hosackia.

Tharsalea arota, Boisd.—Arofa flies in the mountains in late June
about the flowers of Ceanothus. ‘The larva feeds on 2zbes.

Gaides xanthoides, Boisd.—Sparingly found in June and July on the
blossoms of Brassica.

Geides editha, Mead.—Occasionally seen, but not at all common.

Geides gorgon, Boisd.—Rather common in the mountains in the
vicinity of its food-plant, Zrzogonum. The habits of the larva are quite
similar to those of Chirysobia mormo. The imagoes emerge, as a rule, in
early June, and the females are quite scarce.

Epidemia helloides, Boisd.—Quite common everywhere. The
food-plant is Polygonum aviculare and others of that genus.

Cupido icariodes, Boisd.—Not rare in early spring in the foothills,
flying about Zwpznus, upon which the larva feeds.

Nomiades antiacis, Boisd., var. Behrii, Edw.—Usually not uncom-
mon in the valley, flying from May to November. The food-plant is
Lupinus of several species.

Philotes sonorensis, Feld.—This species I have not met with myself,
but Mr. Grundel has taken two at Alma, both in February. W. G.
Wright (Butt. West Coast) gives Gilroy, in this county, as the extent of
its northern range, and I believe it has been collected there by earlier
collectors.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 431

Rusticus acmon, Boisd.—Abundant in spring and fall. The larva
feeds on Hosackia. ‘This species is much given to variation, and I think
good series from various localities would show that a number of so-called
species are but forms of this.

Cyaniris ladon, Cramer, var. piasus, Boisd.—This is one of the
earliest and commonest butterflies in California, where it replaces the
Atlantic /adon (pseudargiolus, Boisd. and Lec.). The caterpillar feeds on
the flowers of the California Buckeye (4sculus californicus ). Feb. to July.

Everes amyntula, Boisd.—Common in May and June. Frequents
the flowers of 4scudus, which is most probably the food-plant.

Brephidium extlis, Boisd.—Abundant, except in the hills, from May
to June. The food-plant is Atriplex.

HESPERIIDE.

Anthomaster agricola, Boisd.—Rather common on flowers in August
and September.

Anthomaster pratincofa, Boisd. (?)—Several specimens taken at Black
Mountain in September and October appear to belong to this species.

HHylephila campestris, Boisd.—Not rare in early fall.

Polites sabuleti, Boisd.—Flies from May to September.

Phycanassa melane, Edw.—May to October. Not common.

Thanaos propertius, Lint.—Flies in early April and May quite
abundantly.

Thanaos clitus, Edw.—Common. lam in doubt as to the correct
identification of this and the preceding.

Hesperia ericetorum, Boisd.—Rare. Ihave seen but a single speci-
men taken in this county.

Hesperia tessellata, Scudder.—Common everywhere. The fact that
the life-history of fesse//ata has been fully described by French in his
Butterflies of the Eastern United States (Supp., p. 404), appears to be
overlooked. In this locality the larva feeds on MZalva borealis, and I
have found eggs, pupz and larve in all stages. Much irregularity is
exhibited. On October 14th I observed a female ovipositing, and col-
lected a number of eggs. Two eggs hatched October 18th, and on the
20th two more. The remaining two did not hatch until the middle of
December. The larva emerges from the egg by eating out a round
circular hole at the apex. The pupa is formed in the leaves.

Hesperia cespitalis, Boisd.—Occasional in the mountains, from April
to July.

432 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

MEIGEN’S FIRST PAPER ON DIPTERA.

Since the publication of my article in the October number, page
370-373, I have received Vol. III of Kertész’s Catalogus Dipterorum,
and I notice that he accepts all of the 1800 names that come within the
limits of this volume, five in number. I also have received the September
number of the Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, in which Dr. Bezzi reviews
Kertész’s third volume. He makes the remarkable admission that the
rules of the International Zoological Congress perhaps do not justify the
use of the 1800 names, but at the same time praises Kertész for adopting
them. As the admission is fatal to the case built up by Hendel and Bezzi
(with the present co-operation of Kertész), I deem it advisable to quote
his exact language (Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXVII, 252):

‘““In diesem Bande hat sich der Herr Verfasser streng an das
Prioritatsgesetz gehalten ; wir finden finf Neigensche Gattungen von
1800 wieder in Gebrauch gestellt, und zwar Potamida fur Ephippum,
Hermione far Oxycera, Eulalia fir Odontomyia, Erinna fur Xylophagus
und Chrysozona fir Haematopota. Aus demselben Grunde sind auch
Solva, Walker, fiir Subula (Xylomyia, Rond.), Pantophthalmus, Thunb.,
fiir Acanthomera und Rhagio fir Leptis gebraucht.

‘“‘Ganz besonders hervorzuheben ist die richtige Nomenklatur,
welche, wenn auch nicht immer den neuen internationalen Regeln
entsprechend, jedenfalls mit den klassischen Grundsatzen der Wissen-
schaft bereinstimmend ist.”

As I showed last month, it was Dr. Bezzi and Mr. Hendel together
who worked up the 1800 paper of Meigen ; we now have the feeble sug-
gestion of one of them that their proposed names, “even if not entirely in
agreement with the new International rules, are, at any rate, in harmony
with the classic principles of science.” |

I surely need not pursue the subject further.

J. M. AtprRicuH, Moscow, Idaho, Oct. 10, 1908.

A CORRECTION.
On page 349 of this volume, the expanse of wings of Argyroploce

abietana, n. s., should have been given, 11-13 mm. and not 21-23 mm.
C. A PERNA:

Mailed November 2rd, 1908.

CaN. ENT., VOL. XL. PLATE ll.

DR, JAMES eS nisin

The Ganactiay Entomologist

VoL. XL. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1908. No. 32;

DR. JAMES FLETCHER.

It is with the most profound regret that we record the death of our very
dear friend, Dr. James Fletcher, which occurred on Sunday morning, Nov,
8th. For the last two years his health had not been entirely satisfactory,
and for more than a twelvemonth he had been troubled more or less with
an internal hemorrhage,: which caused him much inconvenience and
discomfort at times, but which he did not regard as particularly serious.
His cheery habit of mind caused him to treat lightly symptoms which
would, in most cases, have excited much alarm. In the middle of
September he went out to British Columbia on his annual Visit, and was
absent from home for about six weeks. On his return his colleagues
noticed that he had not benefited as much as usuai by the trip, and that
his appearance was by no means robust. But with characteristic energy
he at once set to work to make the arrangements for the Annual Meeting
of the Entomological Society of Canada, which he desired should be one
of the most successful in its history. As President for the second year in
succession he expected to retire from office, but fully counted upon being
present at Guelph and occupying the chair at the various sessions which
were held on Nov. 5th and 6th. During the preceding week, however, he
wrote saying that he was going to Montreal to consult a specialist, and
might after all be unable to attend. He went down on Saturday, the 31st
of October, and was at once sent to the Royal Victoria Hospital, there to
prepare for an operation. To the writer he sent a letter the following day,
expressing his great disappointment at being laid up and prevented from
coming to Guelph, but full of confidence in the wonderful power of modern
surgery, and with apparently no fears es to the result. The operation
took place on the following Saturday, but he failed, owing to his weak
condition, to rally from it, and the next morning he died. The operation
revealed that he had been suffering for some time from a malignant
tumour, which had sapped his vitality, and would very soon, in any case,
have brought his life toa close. Up to the end he was cheerful and

434 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

uncomplaining, free from despondency or anxiety about himself and full
of the happy optimism which had always been one of his charming
characteristics,

Few men ever made so many loving friends in all walks of life; every
one who came to know him could not fail to become warmly attached to
him. There are many sad hearts grieving at his loss all over the
Dominion of Canada, and many, too, in widely-scattered places in the
United States. Old and young, rich or poor, learned or ignorant, children
and their elders, it made no difference—he had a kindly word for each
one, and most can treasure in their memories a kindly deed as well.
When he addressed a meeting he captivated his audience at once, and
when he joined an excursion of nature students all were eager to be with
him and learn from him some of the secrets of the woods and fields that
he knew so well. We shall not see his like again, but we may all feel
that it was good for us to have known him—his memory will long live in
our hearts—his noble words and generous deeds will be happy recollec-
tions for many a year to come.

Dr. James Fletcher was born at Ashe, in the County of Kent, England,
on March 28th, 1832. He was educated at King’s School, Rochester,
and came to Canada in 1874 to fill the position of a clerk in the Bank of
British North America. Finding the work uncongenial, after two years he
gave it up and became an assistant in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa.
All his spare time he devoted to Botany and Entomology, and became, as
years went on, a recognized authority in each of these branches of natural
science. This led to his appointment as honorary Dominion Entomol-
ogist and Botanist, and a year or two later to his taking up the work of
these departments at the newly-established Experimental Farm, This was
in 1887, and for twenty-one years he has been a highly-valued assistant
to Dr. Saunders, the Director, and long since became known throughout
North America as one of the ablest scientific men of the day in his special
departments.

In 1878 he became a member of the Council of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, and every year since he has been elected to hold some
office in it, being four times Vice-President, and President for three years,
from 1886 to 1888, and again from 1906 to the time of his death, when
he had just been re-elected for another year. His first contribution to the
Society’s publications was an article on Canadian Buprestidz, which was
published in the Annual Report for 1878, and his first paper in this

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 435

magazine appeared in January, 1880. During all the years that have
followed, no volume of either publication has been issued without some
valuable articles from his pen.

In 1879 he was one of the originators of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’
Club, the most successful society of the kind in the Dominion, and more
recently he suggested, and by his energy and influence accomplished, the
formation of the important Association of Economic Entomologists of
North America, of which he was elected President in 1892. He was also
one of the orginal Fellows of the recently-formed Entomological Society
of America, and was First Vice-President last year. In 1886 he became
a Fellow of the Linnzan Society of London, and in 1896 he received the
degree of LL.D., Honoris causa, from Queen’s University.

In 1885 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ; in
1895 he became President of Section LV, which is devoted to Geological
and Biological Sciences. For many years he was Honorary Treasurer
of the Society, and for the last two years Honorary Secretary. To the
Transactions of the Royal Society he contributed the following papers :
Presidential Address, 1895, on Practical Entomology ; Recent Additions
to the List of Injurious Insects of Canada, 1899; The Value of Nature
Study in Education, 1901; Descriptions of Some New Species and
Varieties of Canadian Butterflies, 1903 ; Notes on the Preparatory Stages
of Some Species of Canadian Lepidoptera, 1907.

A list of his contributions to scientific and agricultural journals would
occupy many pages, if such a list could be completely carried out. His
most valuable publications were his annual reports on the work of his ~
department at the Central Experimental Farm and the Bulletins in con-
nection with it, in which he gave accurate detailed descriptions of a very
large number of injurious insects, and also his papers in the annual reports
to the Legislature of the Entomological Society of Ontario. Two years
ago he completed an admirable work on the Farm Weeds of Canada,
containing descriptions of all the most important weeds that are a trouble
to agriculturalists throughout the Dominion; a handsome quarto volume,
illustrated with 56 beautiful coloured plates.

Not only with his pen, however, did he perform useful work, but with
his voice as well. He was in great demand as a public speaker at
Agricultural, Horticultural and Fruit-growers’ conventions, meetings of
Farmers’ Institutes and other gatherings. On these occasions he at once
secured the attention of his audience, and charmed them with his graceful

436 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

language and lively humour. No one else, indeed, has done so much for
Canada in instructing the people in a practical knowledge of their worst
insect foes and the best methods of dealing with them. His work has
thus been of vast importance, not only to those directly interested in the
products of the soil, but indirectly to all the dwellers within the domains
of this wide Dominion.

Though so fully occupied with scientific work, he yet found time for
other things. He was one of the most efficient members of St. Luke’s
Hospital Board; for many years lay-reader and superintendent of the
Sunday School in Holy Trinity Church, Archville, a suburb of Ottawa,
and an active member of the St. Andrew’s Brotherhood. His religous life
as a devout son of the Church of England was known, perhaps, to but few
amongst his intimate friends, though manifested in many ways through
his goodness of heart ; he lived and died an earnest God-fearing man,
devout and upright, filled with unobtrusive piety, a sincere Christian
indeed, “in whom was no guile.”

While we deplore the loss that we all feel we have individually
sustained, we desire to express to his sorrowing family, Mrs. Fletcher and
her two daughters, the deepest sympathy with them in their sad bereave-
ment. ‘To them the loss is beyond all words, but it may afford them a
ray of comfort to know that he whom now they mourn was so widely
beloved, admired and respected, and that so many friends share in their
grief and are filled with sorrow for him who is gone.

C. J. 5S. BerHune

Dr. L. O. Howarp, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology in the
Department of Agriculture at Washington, a friend of many years’ stand-
ing, writes as follows :

“Dr. Fletcher’s services:.to “his country “were reat) He shaded
wonderful grasp of a very broad field in entomology, and was one of the
best-informed men of his time on the intricate and manifold aspects of
economic entomology. His reports were sound and practical, and as a
public speaker before assemblages of agriculturalists and horticulturists
he was unexcelled. His address years ago before the National Geographic
Society in Washington, on the Canadian Northwest, was one of the most
perfect lectures I -ever heard. He was known, admired and loved all
through the States. I fact, I have never known a man who had so many
absolutely devoted friends as Dr. Fletcher. His energy, his enthusiasm, his

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 437

absorbing interest in everything that lives and grows, his warm heart, his
cheeriness, his perfect lack of even a suspicion of egotism, attracted every
one who knew him, and bound them to him in friendship, and even love,
forever. Here in Washington among the entomologists and others there
are many sad hearts to-day.”

DR. WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.

On the 17th of October, Dr. William Harris Ashmead died in Wash-
ington, D. C., aged 53 years. For more than a year he was in such
an unsatisfactory state of health that his recovery appeared impossible,
and it was therefore no surprise to learn that the end had at last arrived.
His breakdown in the midst of a career of scientific usefulness was
evidently brought about by overwork; he devoted himself with such
intensity to the study of the Hymenoptera and the publication of the
results that he gave himself no rest, and literally wore himself out, to the
grief and distress of his family and many friends.

For close upon thirty years he was a constant contributor to the pages
of this magaz‘ze, his first articles on insects affecting the orange having
appeared in 1879. At that time he lived in Jacksonville, Florida, where
he was engaged in the publishing business, which included the issue of a
daily paper and a weekly agricultural journal. He was naturally much
interested in the production of oranges, and his attention thus became
drawn to the insects injuring the trees and fruit, and those parasitic forms
that somewhat kept them in check. His work was so thorough that he
was made a field entomologist for the United States Department of
Agriculture in 1887, and began his career as a professional entomologist.

In 1890 he went to Germany and studied for some time in Berlin,
thus becoming qualified for the performance of scientific work of a high
character. In July, 1897, he was appointed a Curator of the Department
of Insects in the U. S. National Museum at Washington, and continued
to hold the position till incapacitated by illness.

In October, 1904, he was elected an honorary member of the Ento-
mological Society of Ontario in recognition of his eminence in the science
and the valuable contributions that he so constantly made to the pages of
the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. His studies were devoted to the Hymen-
optera, and he published many systematic papers on various superfamilies
in the order and described a large number of genera and species. His
work was of such a high character that it is regarded as authoritative, and

438 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a

has attracted the attention of the leading entomologists of both Europe
and America. One of his completed works is his Moncgiaph of the
Proctotrypide, a volume of nearly 500 pages, published in 1893. Most
of his papers are to be found in the Transactions of the American Ento-
mological Society of Philadelphia, and in this magazine.

He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the
Western University of Pennsylvania, and was the recipient of many
distinctions from various Entomological Societies. Personally he was
esteemed and beloved by all who knew him, and there are many who now
deplore his loss. ae Oey repel!

JOHN A. BALKWILL.

Another death that it falls to our lot to record is that of our worthy
friend, Mr. John A. Balkwill, Director for the London District, and for
several years the efficient Treasurer of the Entomological Society of
Ontario. After a few weeks of severe illness, he died at his residence in
London on the roth of October last, esteemed and respected by all who
knew him. For a great many years he was an active member of the
Society, and did a great dea! to maintain the interest and enthusiasm of
his colleagues in the study of Botany and Entomology and the use of the
microscope. He was also particularly devoted to the cultivation of
flowers, and became the first President of the local Horticuitural Society,
and continued a member of its directorate. In recognition of his valued
assistance, Mr. C. S. Sargent, in his recent Monograph of the genus
Crategus in Ontario, named a newspecies, Crategus Balkwilli, after him.
It is a handsome tree found growing near London. Ca )sgseb:

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF, ONT Ante. .

The forty-fifth annual meeting of the Society was held at the Ontario
Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, Nov. 5th and 6th.
Owing to the lamented absence of the President, Dr. Fletcher, whose
serious illness terminated in his death on the 8th inst , the chair was taken

by the Vice President, Mr. T. D. Jarvis, during the day meetings, and by .

Dr. Bethune at the evening sessions: Amongst those present were: Rev.
Dr. Fyles, Levis, P. Q.; Mr. Henry H. Lyman, Montreal; Prof. Isoch-
head, Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P. Q.; Mr. -Arthur
Gibson, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa; Mr. F. J. A. Morris, Trinity
College School, Port Hope; Dr. Wm. Brodie, Mr. C. W. Nash and

, '
—- =F |

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 439

Mr. J. B. Williams, Toronto; Mr. J. F. Calvert, Orangeville} Mr. J. H.
Collingwood, Kintore ; President Creelman, Professors Zavitz, Hutt and
Bethune, Messrs. Jarvis, Eastham, Howitt, Hunt, Crow, Klinck, McMeans
and a large number of the students of the Ontario Agricultural College
and the Macdonald Institute, Guelph.

The proceedings began on Thursday afternoon with the reading of
the reports of the Directors on the insects observed in their respective
districts during the past season. This was followed by a conference on
the chief insect pests of the year, during which the following were dis-
cussed: The Leaf Blister Mite (Zriophyes pyri); Shot-hole Borer
(Scolytus rugulosus); Apple-maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella); Lesser
Apple-worm: (Zzarmonia prunivora); Malformations of Apples and
Pears Due to Insects ; Oyster-shell Scale ; San Jose Scale ; Codling Moth ;
Tussock Moth; Turnip and Pea Aphis. The subjects were introduced
for the most part by Mr. L. Caesar, and were discussed by Dr. Felt,
Professors Lochhead and Bethune, Dr. Fyles, Mr. Nash and others. An
interesting paper by Mr. Paul Hahn was read, being a report of what was
being done in Toronto in order to control the ravages of the white-marked
Tussock Moth.

In the evening, Dr. E. P. Felt, of Albany, who is State Entomologist
of New York, gave a highly interesting and instructive address, illustrated
by a series of excellent Jantern pictures, on ‘*The Interpretation of Nature.”
Professor Lochhead read a paper on the work of the Graduate School of
Agriculture held at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., in July last, and the
chairman gave a brief account of the growth of the Society and what it
had accomplished. The Massey Hall auditorium, in which the meeting
was held, was well filled with students, both male and female, and many
others. The College orchestra added much to the enjoyment of the
evening by the musical selections that they rendered. A very hearty vote
of thanks was given to Dr. Felt for his kindness in coming so far and
affording so rich an intellectual and scientific treat.

During the second day, Friday, Nov. 6th, meetings were held morn-
ing, afternoon and evening in the Entomological Lecture-room, and were
well attended by members and students. The reports of the Council,
officers and branches of the Society were presented and read, and the
following papers: ‘The Economic Importance and Food-habits of
American Cecidomyiide,” by Dr. Felt ; “Observations on the Sorghum
Midge in Louisiana,” by Mr. R. C. Treherne ; ‘‘Hydrcecia micacea in

440 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Canada,” by Mr. Arthur Gibson ; “Life-history of Euchetias Oregonensis,”
by Mr. H. H. Lyman; ‘Natural Enemies of Some of the Ontario
Coccide,” by Mr. A. Eastham ; ‘Parasite Work on the Gypsy and Brown-
tail Moths in Massachusetts,” by Mr. W. R. Thompson ; ‘‘The Respira-
tion of Caterpillars,” by Mr. H. H. Lyman; ‘‘Collecting with a Lantern
Trap,” and “Notes on the Occurrence of Lachnosterna in 1908,” by Mr.
J. D. Evans ; “Some Beetle-haunts, by an Amateur Botanist,” by Mr. F.
J. A. Morris ; ‘‘Insect Notes from Quebec Province,” ‘‘What the Fruit-
grower and Farmer Should Know About Entomology” and ‘‘The Straw-
berry Weevil,” by Prof. Lochhead ; ‘“‘Notes on Mites,” by Mr.. Jarvis ;
“The Farmer’s Wood-lot,” by Dr. Fyles ; “Present Condition of the Work
Connected with the Importation of the Foreign Parasites of the Gypsy
Moth and the Brown-tail Moth,” by Dr. L. O. Howard ; ‘‘Injurious Insects
in Ontario in 1908,” by Dr. Bethune. The proceedings, which were of a
more interesting character than usual, were brought to a close at 10,30 p.m.
by an informal address from President Creelman. A noteworthy feature
of the meeting was the presentation of excellent papers by three of the
senior students of the College. The whole of the papers read will be
published in full in the forthcoming Annual Report of the Society.

The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows :

President—James Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Entomologist
and Botanist of the Experimental Farms, Ottawa.

First Vice-President—Tennyson D. Jarvis, B.S.A., Lecturer in Ento-
mology and Zoology, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph.

Second Vice-Fresident—Dr. E. M. Walker, University of ‘Toronto.

Secretary-Treasurer—J. Eaton Howitt, B.S.A., Demonstrator in
Botany, O. A. College, Guelph.

Curator—Lawson Caesar, b.A., b.S.A., Demonstrator in Entomology
and Plant Diseases, O. A. College, Guelph. Z

Librarian —Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R 5.C., Protessor
of Entomology and Zoology, O. A. College, Guelph.

Directors—Division No. 1, Arthur Gibson, Department of Ento-
mology, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa; Division No. 2, C. E.
Grant, Orillia ; Division No. 3, J. B. Williams, Toronto; Division No. 4,
C. W. Nash, Toronto; Division No. 6, R. S. Hamilton, Collegiate
Institute, Galt.

Auditors—Professor McCready and J. Crow, B.S.A., O. A. College.

Delegate to the Royal Society—Arthur Gibson, Ottawa,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 44]

“SOME BEETLE-HAUNTS,” BY AN AMATEUR BOTANIST.*

In my four seasons of collecting as a coleopterist there have been
three collecting grounds that have most attracted me: (a) Stumps and
tree-trunks ; (b) blossoms ; (c) foliage, In all three I have found a con-
siderable range of beetle-guests, and am able to record rare or interesting
finds. It is probably in the second of these three haunts that I have-had
most success, but it is with the first that I intend chiefly to deal in this
paper.

There are two conditions under which stumps make a good collect-
ing-ground ; one is when they are dead and dry, but have the bark still
covering them ; it was this condition that first drew my attention and held
it through my first season as a collector, The other condition is when
there is yet some life in the wood, so that the top of the stump bleeds. I
have found that stumps ooze sap in this way for several seasons after the
tree has been cut down. A good way to catch beetle-visitors is to scatter
some good-sized chips or lay a slat or two of wood or bark on the top.
Most beetles are active at night, and when there is a shelter of this sort,
they take cover there instead of flying away when the sun rises. Easily
the best tree for its range of beetle-visitors, as well as for total quantity, I
have found the basswood ; next to that the white pine ; then the maple,
the birch and the elm. Often when a stump is dry and apparently not in
a condition to attract guests, it may be made inviting if the bark is still
partly green. I have often pried up the bark with a chisel, and laid the
strips thus removed on the top of the stump ; the smell of the sap or juice
fermenting has generally lured some prizes to this bait and trap combined.

The season for collecting in this way may be said roughly to extend
from the beginning of May to the middle of July. I began collecting in
the spring of 1905, but as I went to England at the end of June I did not
make much headway that season. In 1906, however, I did a great deal
of collecting and gained quite a lot of experience. One of my first finds
was at the beginning of June, while prying the bark from a basswood
stump; I discovered something like a dozen specimens of Saperda
vestita, newly hatched and buried in the inner bark of the tree. I had

*Read at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Nov.
6, 1908.
December, 1908

449 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

my killing-bottle with me, but as the insects were still soft I put them into
a small tin box. Here they crawled about excitedly, squeaking (or, rather,
stridulating) when handled. On examining them after my return home, I
found they had fought in the box, two of them had their antenne nipped
off and several had been deprived of their full complement of legs. I had
not yet learned the advantage of laying the detached bits of bark on the
stumps as shelter for nocturnal visitors, and so missed a golden oppor-
tunity. However, there were a number of basswood stumps in the clear-
ing where I made my first capture, and from these I got several more
specimens.

About the last day of June in the same season, while struggling from
a tamarack swamp in which I[ had found a rare fern (Botrychium simplex),
I noticed a fallen and decaying trunk of elm, and on removing some bark
found it infested with a larva closely resembling that of Saperda vestita ;
I took one that appeared nearly full-grown, with some of the rotton inner
bark, and succeeded in rearing it ; some three weeks later it emerged from
the pupa as the elm-borer (Saperda tridentata). Ihave taken only one
other specimen of this beetle ; it settled one fine Sunday night in June on
a supper-table at which I sat, a guest ; the entomologist, however, would
not be denied, and in spite of looks of outraged propriety on the part of
my fellow-guests, and some embarrassment (not mine, but my hostess’s), I
produced a cyanide bottle and captured the insect.

Early in July I went to Oliver’s Ferry on the Rideau, and in a day or
two chanced upon a spot that proved a regular treasure-house to the
young collector; it was at the side of a path through a wood of young
growth, mostly basswood and maple ; here lay a log of basswood with the
bark still on it, close by the stump from which it had been cut, and a
pile of basswood split and stacked. In the bark of the stump and the
log I found larve and pupe of the Saferda vestita; some pupe that I
took home lived, and from two or three I secured specimens of the imago.
In the hot sunshine beetles lit on the log and on the wood-pile, and I
tried the experiment of laying detached pieces of bark on the stump, the
log and the split wood, sometimes sandwiching bits of bark between sticks
of the wood-pile. This simple contrivance of bait and trap yielded
splendid results for over a week, at the end of which time the bait was
filched by the sun drying all the moisture out. My captures comprised
an Hater as large as Alaus ocudatus, and dark pitchy-brown in colour ;

THE CANADIAN ENLOMOLOGIST. 443

two specimens of a Chalcophora, three or four of Dicerca divaricata, and
15 of a Chrysosothris, about the size of the apple-borer (Ch. femorata) 3a
dozen or more of a blackish weevil, akin to the strawberry weevil ; some
two dozen specimens of /upsalis minuta, sexes evenly divided ; 25
specimens of Parandra brunnea, one specimen of Zragosoma Harristi,
and a beautiful specimen of the little Amphionycha fammata. This last,
Dr. Bethune tells me, has seldom, if ever, been reported from Ontario, and
it may therefore be interesting to some of you to know that I captured a
second specimen of the same beetle about three days later, sunning itself
on a leaf of basswood, within 50 yards of the first capture. It was a bright,
calm day in July when I captured the first, and very hot, with the sun
almost at its zenith, and the log on which the insect lit was bathed in
sunshine ; small as the creature is, the sharp click with which it settled
was distinctly audible. As the basswood pile was beginning to fail me, I
happened -on a clearing where some small maples had been felled. Find-
ing the stumps still moist, I laid chips and bark about their tops; this
yielded me several new species, a beetle marked like the AZega/odachne, but
smaller and with the ground colour light brown instead of dark chestnut ;
three or four specimens of a beetle allied to the weevils, I think one of
the Anthribide ; and, settling on a stump in the sunshine, a magnificent
specimen of Purpuricenus humeradis, a longicorn of great beauty.

At the end of August I was out fern-hunting at Lake Dalhousie, about
20 miles north of Perth. From a stump of white pine I took the pupa of
a longicorn, which later emerged as Rhagium lineatum, and while raising
some chips from the top of a fresh and resiny stump of white pine I drove
from cover a C/erid that was then new to me; the head and thorax were
dull orange, the base of the elytra the same, the rest of the elytra was
alternate gray-white and black. Upto that time I had only found two
species, a small scarlet one, fairly common under bark, and one banded
with orange and dark blue, which is frequent on certain blossoms. Early
next spring, about April the 28th, I found some white pine had been
felled in the winter, not many miles from the school in Port Hope.
Recollecting my find of the previous autumn, and thinking the fresh resin
might be the attraction, I laid some bits of bark and chips on the surface
of the stumps. Qn visiting my traps a day or two later I was agreeably
surprised to find three specimens of the resin-loving Clerid. About the
same time I got five more specimens from newly-felled pine, under the

444 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

chips that had been left on the stump by the axe. Some of these stumps
I baited with chips, and in all captured about a dozen. I have never

found them on dry stumps, but only under fresh chips and associated with

new resin. The creature closely resembles a beetle figured by Curtis in.

his British Entomology as Zhanasimus formicarius ; it is there said to
frequent the Scotch fir, which, of course, is also a pine.

About the middle of May in the same season (1907) I visited the
basswood stumps from which the year before I had got the Saperda
vestita. Some of the bark that I pried. up was infested with Leptura
ruficollis, and I took also from under the bark two pupee of a longicorn
closely allied to Urographis. Ripping some bark from the sides of several
stumps, I laid it on the tops. This proved an admirable bait, and among
my captures were three or four specimens of a tiger-beetle (Cicindela
sexguttata), seven specimens of a rove-beetle (Staphylinus violaceus), 12
or £4 of the northern Lrenthid (Hupsalis minuta), a single specimen of a
locally rare darkling beetle (/%e//opsts obcordata), five Penthes and six or
eight Adaus oculatus; | may say that I have found the species ocu/atus very
common on the basswood, and in one or two cases the beetle, under con-
cealment of the strip of bark, had, during part of the night, half buried itself
in the wood of the stump. ‘The beetle can eat very fast ; a friend of mine
took nine or ten from a rotten basswood log and sent them to me in a
stout cardboard box; when I got the parcel one of the largest specimens
had eaten a hole through the corner of the box and was through two folds
of the brown-paper wrapper. I have never found the allied species of
myops on basswood, but always in white pine, usually under the bark of
dead dry stumps, where it is fairly abundant.

Later on in the same season, while wandering about the upper reaches
of Gage’s Creek, about six miles from the school, I passed through a
clearing in which hemlock had been felled; among several other
Buprestids settling on the bark of prostrate logs as well as standing trees,
were two that were new to me, both very active, and only to be caught
(unless you had a net) by careful stalking ; one asmall Chrysobothris, and
the other, A/elanophila Drummondi,; this last I had never seen before
and. have never seen since, but on this newly-felled hemlock, as well as on
living trees, it was abundant, and I captured about a dozen specimens ;
a few days later, at the end of June, I took to the clearing a brother-
collector anxious to see AZelanophila Drummond: in its native haunt, and

————— oe

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 445

there I turned him loose. While I was looking about, with my eye
focussed for beetles, I distinctly saw a pair of longicorns running on the
trunk of a tall elm growing at the foot of the clearing near the stream.
From their movements and appearance both I felt sure they were longi-
corns, and at first took them fora pair of Cyrtophorus verrucosus, a beetle
I am well acquainted with; an instanvs reflection told me that at ten yards’
distance a beetle the size of Cyrtophorus would hardly be visible, and I
rushed towards what I was certain must be a prize; unfortunately, the
beetles were running in an upward spiral, and when I stumbled to the tree
over a rotten log they were almost out of reach ; I jumped and managed
to brush one to the ground, but could not see it by the most careful
search ; however, I waited patiently for a minute or so, and then, to my
great delight, saw the creature emerge from the ground and reascend the
trunk. As I captured it I recognized in it the Physocnemum brevilineum,
a long-coveted species. Scanning the tree carefully, I presently descried
two more of the beetles running about on the bark, some 20 feet up; I
stayed for nearly an hour at the foot of the tree, with hope in my heart
and a crick in the neck, as intent as a dog listening to the chatter of a
squirrel, and my reward was three or four specimens of the beetle. As a
rule, they appeared from a height beyond range on the trunk of the tree,
walking rapidly downwards, following the corrugations and grooves of the
bark ; occasionally, however, they lit on the tree after flight through the
air, but they rarely when disturbed took to the wing for escape, preferring
to run or to release their hold and drop. A six-mile walk is nothing when
a new longicorn is waiting just round the last corner, and I made the tree
the turning-post of my daily course for nearly a week, by which time I had
taken 15 or 16 specimens. ‘The tree was apparently sound, with a mag-
nificent crown of foliage surmounting the massive pillar of its trunk, but
the beetle was breeding there, I am pretty sure, and in July of this year,
while I was in England, my fellow-collector got several more specimens
on the same tree.

Early in July I made an expedition to Garden Hill, some ro miles
north of Port Hope ; here they were cutting out the pine from a 2o0-acre
lot, and a sawmill was at work. I went out in hopes of getting some
specimens of Monohammus, a beetle that, witi a single exception, I knew
only from cabinet collections. The lumbermen said they had seen num-
bers of these insects on the logs and in the brushwood, but from inex-
perience or ill-luck I failed to secure many ; my bag included one pair of

446 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the large gray Afonohammus, three isolated specimens of Monohammus
scutellatus, and one specimen of a third species of Monohammus, the
elytra being in colour a mottle of three or four shades of rust-yellow, and
the insect in size almost identical with scwte//atus. By preparing several
stumps and logs with chips and stripping the bark from dead trees, I got
several other longicorn beetles, such as Criocebhalus agrestis, Orthosoma
brunneum, Tragosoma Hlarristi, and a carcase of Prionus laticollis. Had
this been all, I should have felt some disappointment, but it wasn’t. The
place was a veritable paradise of Buprestids, and not only did I get 12 or
14 species in all, but among them several quite new to me, beginner as I
was. There were at least two (probably three) species of CArysobothris,
two of Chalcophora, three or four of Dicerca, two or three of Bupbrestis,
and a black Melanophi/a with a nasty bad habit of settling on the back of
one’s neck and giving it a sharp nip.

There could be nothing more enjoyable than roaning about in that
clearing, and though it is nearly a year and a half ago, it seems like yes-
terday. It was glorious July weather; in the distance you could hear the
mourning dove, and round about in the brushwood and trees were several
pairs of Towhees and not a few slate-coloured Juncoes. While ranging up

and down I noticed’on a bare dead trunk of pine a bright looking beetle’

with apparently a damaged wing, for it stood out from the creature’s body
at an angle. At nearer view this resolved itself into a brand-new Clerzd,
the largest I had ever seen, and in its jaws was the elytron of an Eater,

off which the monster had just been dining; no midnight assassin, but a-

cannibal in broad daylight, and the rascal was flaunting his trade in one
of the gayest liveries you ever saw ; the head and thorax were orange, the
shoulders (or base of elytra) black, round the waist a broad sash of
brilliant scarlet, below that another band of blick, then a band of gray-
white, and the tips of the elytra black: In two all-day visits to this place
I caught five of these beetles, three of them red-handed ; one on a stump
with an ant in its jiws, a third on a fence-post dissecting a grub of some
kind ; the other two belonged to the blameless order of those thit have
not yet been found out; one was resting on a rail, along which a stream
of ants happened to be crawling, and the fifth was just issuing from an
ant-bore in a dead pine, down which motives of curiosity, doubtless as
innocent as idle, had prompted it ; the same impulse, I think, rather than

ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 447

any misgivings about my intentions, caused it to disappear down an
adjoining tunnel, whence my forceps finally extracted it.

In the season just over (1908) I noticed some felled maple and birch
on a hill-side seven miles from Port Hope. At the beginning of June I
laid chips about two or three of the stump-heads ; on the fallen trunks I
found an immense number of a Chrysobothris breeding, while under two
of my chips on the maple I took two pair of Urographis fasciata, and
resting on a stump near by I captured a Lestura biforis.

About the middle of June my attention was drawn to some white pine
felled in the winter among some woodlands known locally as Pine Grove.
There were about eight trees in all, lying on the ground within a space of
about a mile ; on the trunks and branches were crawling a number of
small dark C/erzds, with a mark of crimson and two marks of white on each
elytron ; there were also two sorts of weevil abundant under chips of
wood on the ground, and many uprestids visiting the logs; but, in special,
on the trunks, limbs and larger branches there were JZonohammi breeding;
in about six visits I took well over roo specimens, and my fellow collector
continued to find longicorns up to the zoth of July or later; our combined
captures would amount to 250 beetles. The great majority of these were
Monohammus scutellatus, of which I took 100, mostly in pairs ; I took
besides eight or ten specimens of the large gray JJonohammus (whether
tittllator or confusor, 1 am not sure), and four of both sexes of the rust-
yellow species; we also got several specimens of a stout gray beetle
resembling Urographis, but without the extended ovipositor, and a few of
a gray species of delicate structure “and extremely fine antenne (perhaps
Liopus) ; about the middle of July my friend took some 12 specimens of
Leptostylus parvus. All this on some 1o trunks of newly-felled pine.

Our experience raises a question as to the length of time required by
the larve to mature. ‘There was a tree among these others that had been
blown down early in 1907, and was thus in its second season ; it was full
of holes, most of them quite fresh, from which mature insects had escaped;
we could hear larvee at work during June inside the log; but we did not
see any beetles breeding or laying eggs on the bark, as they were doing
on all the fresh-fallen trees.. Unfortunately, most of these trees have since
been removed. Iam inclined to think that the drier the wood is, the
longer the larva takes to reach its full growth, and that if the larva hatches
in fresh wood it can mature in a single season ; I should think this was
true of the scutel/atus anyway, even if confusor and fitil/atus require

448 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

longer. The well-known stories, most of them authentic, about the mature
insect escaping from tables and chair-legs several years after the manu-
facture of these articles, would thus illustrate an exceptional state of things
in which the iarva was confronted prematurely with dry wood to feed on.

Besides these captures on stumps and logs, I have made several by
using a similar trap, with fungus substituted for bark. But at present I
shall content myself in my closing paragraphs with a few general remarks
on the subject of blossoms, as a collecting ground for beetles.

If you refer to any handbook of North American flora, you will find
about 130 natural orders of flowering plants. The vast majority of these,
however, do not offer their sweets (or pollen, rather) to those browsing
cattle among insects, the beetles, whose short jaws and general habits
incline them to visit only small shallow blossoms growing in close clusters
(racemes) or in flat bunches or heads. Nearly allthe blossoms that forma
favourite haunt for beetles are included in the series between order 25 and
order 50, beginning with the sumach and the vine and ending with the
composites. The only important beetle-food outside that series, in my
experience, is the milkweed and its ally, the dogbane, which come about
No. 70 in the natural orders.

If you look a little more closely at the series from 25 to 50, you will
find these fall into two distinct groups of eight, separated from each other
by a wall of ten consecutive orders unattractive to beetles.

The first group extends from the poison ivy and the grapevine
through the New Jersey tea and the spiked maple to the great rose family.
Of these, the milkwort and the vetch, from the form of their blossom, are
valueless ; the poison ivy and the grapevine are fairly good, but the
range of their guests is limited. The New Jersey tea is a plant with hardly
a rival, both for range of species and for total number cf insects. The
spiked maple is also a rich storehouse of beetles. In the rose family I
have found the hawthorn best, next to it the rose and the bramble, and
then the spirezea and the chokecherry..

The second group of eight begins with the umbellifers, and passing
through the dogwood and the elder, closes with the great composite family.
Of these, the bedstraw, valerian and teasel are comparatively worthless ;
but the dogwood is an excellent host, and so are the two species of elder,
while several of the composites are worth careful scrutiny.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 449

I shall carry this principle of selection a little further, by giving a
rough outline of a season’s beetle-collecting from blossoms. The first
blossom to open is the early or red-berried elder (Sambucus pubens) ; it
varies considerably from season to season, as well as in any one season,
owing to differences of location; but about the roth of May it will be
found flowering, and its season may last for ten days; it is immediately
followed by the hawthorn, which lasts till perhaps the roth of June; by
this time the spiked maple and the dogwoods are in flower, and before
this last is over comes a riot of blossom ; for the late elder and the New
Jersey tea, both open in the last days of June.

These blossom haunts, then, extend from early in May till the middle
of July.. The only other conditions of time that need be mentioned are
that the pollen on a given blossom must be in a certain state of ripeness
or it does not appear to attract beetles at all, and asarule the sun must
be shining on the blossoms ; if it is hot and calm besides, then you have
ideal conditions.

There is, however, an important condition of space to add to these
of time. I have, as a beginner, spent hours in fruitless search over whole
hedges and thickets of elder and bushes of hawthorn, when ten minutes
at a single shrub, with only a few meagre blossoms on it, would yield a
rich harvest. Why? Because the flowers must be growing near a thicket
or a wood ; if they are in the open, even a hundred yards or so from
timber lands, they are almost useless. This is particularly the case when
it is longicorns you are on the lookout for. Itis, of course, well known to
Coleopterists of experience that a clearing or the border of a wood is the
best locality ; it is remarked again and again by Bates, in his travels on
the Amazon, and it is pointed out by Rye and Fowler, in their hints to
collectors in Great Britain.

In closing, I should like to say that by no means the least pleasure to
a lover of nature is to observe the marvellous constancy with which season
afier season these tiny creatures, the offspring of a last year’s brood,
return to their ancestral haunt, be it blossom or leaf, true to the clock of
the year almost to a day ; in obedience to a law there is no gainsaying,
and which yet in the creature’s serene unconsciousness seems robbed of
any touch of harsh compulsion.—F. J. A. Morris, Trinity College School,
Port Hope, Ont.

450 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AESHNA
FOUND. NORTH -OF MEXICO,

BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO.
(Continued from page 391.)

The following notes are intended merely to give a general idea of the
distribution, as far as known, of the species of Aeshna treated in the key.
Detailed lists of localities, references, etc., will appear in the revision :

1. Aeshna Californica.—A Pacific Coast species, ranging from Lower
California northward into southern British Columbia.

2. Ae. multicolor.-—This species ranges from Panama _ through
Mexico, and the United States west of Texas and Colorado to southern
British Columbia.

3. Ade. mutata.—Thus far known only from Indiana and Massa-
chusetts. I have also seen a female from Stewart’s Lake, Kent, Ohio.

4. Ae. palmata.—This species ranges from Kamtchatka through
Alaska and British Columbia to Colorado, Utah and Lower California.

The Lower Californian specimens differ in some degree from the
others seen, but are probably not even racially distinct. This species and
the following have been generally recorded as A. constricta.

5. 4e. umbrosa (‘‘Ae. Z.,” \Williamson).—One of the most abundant
and widely-distributed species, occurring in a broad belt from the Atlantic
to the Pacific in the Upper Austral, Transition and Canadian Zones.

Western specimens approach de. palmata in the more robust abdo-
men, larger size of PD and a few other details of coloration, but are other-
wise typical.

6. Ae. constricta.—Transition and Upper Austral Zones from the
Atlantic Coast to the Dakotas and southern Manitoba,

7. Ae. interrupta (Ae. W.,” Williamson).— Boreal Zone, occasionally
appearing in the Transition Zone, from Newfoundland, through Quebec,
Northern New England and New York to North-western Ontario and
Northern Michigan. ;

It is very closely allied to the next three forms.

8. Ae. interna—A mountain species, ranging from southern British
Colum'ia to California and New Mexico. ;

9. Ae. lineata.—A species characteristic of the Canadian prairies.
It ranges from Manitoba and North Dakota to the Rocky Mountains, and
thence northward to Great Slave Lake. It is the common species in
Manitoba and Saskatchewan.

December, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 451

10. Ae. Nevadensis.—A series of eight males from Reno, Nevada,
are the only specimens seen.

The characters by which Ae. interna, lineata and Nevadensis are
separated are so slight that it is by no means improbable that intermediate
forms may be found. ~The first two named forms, however, are certainly
‘characteristic of different geographical provinces, and althcugh a consider-
able series of both has been examined, no intergrades have been seen.
There seems to be no constant character for the separation of the females.

11. Ae. eremita (‘Ae. X.,” Wiiliamson).—A very distinct species
belonging to the wooded parts of the Boreal Zone from Labrador, New-
foundland and the White Mountains to the Hudson’s Bay Slope, Great Slave
Lake and Alaska, thence southward in the Rocky Mountains to Wyoming.

It occasionally wanders into the Transition Zone.

12. Ae. clepsydra.—Upper Austral and Transition Zones, from New
England to Ontario and Indiana. z

13. Ae.Canadensis (*‘Ae. Y.,’ Williamson).—Next to de. umbrosa this
is the commonest Aeshna in collections, and is generally kuown as Ae.
clepsydra. It is an abundant species in the Canadian division of the
Boreal Zone, and is also common in the Transition Zone, from New
England and the Maritime Provinces to Manitoba. Typical examples
from Washington Territory have also been examined, and its range Is
therefore probably continuous from Atlantic to Pacific.

14. Ae. verticalis—Very closely allied to Ae. Canadensis, but
undoubtedly distinct, It inhabits the Transition and Upper Austral Zones
east of the Mississippl.

15. Ae. tuberculifera.—A somewhat rare species, very distinct from
any of the others. It has been taken in some numbers in the New
England States, especially in southern Maine, and a few specimens from
Ontario and Wisconsin have also been examined.

16. Ae. juncea.—A circumpolar species found in America in the sub-
arctic forest belt, from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to the White
Mountains, northern Ontario and in the Rocky Mountains to southern
Colorado.

17. Ae. subarctica.—Boreal Z ne, from Anticosti and Nova Scotia to
Isle Royale, Mich., and the north shore of Lake Superior.

18. Ae. sitchensis.—Boreal Zone, from Newfoundland, through
Quebec, northern Ontario, northern Michigan and Minnesota to Alaska.

19. Ae. septentrionalis.—Hudsonian division of the Boreal Zone, from
Labrador, Newfoundland and the White Mountains to Great Slave Lake.

452 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TWO NEW GENERA OF ORIENTAL HEMIPTERA.
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

TESSAROMERUS, gen. nov.

This genus belongs to the Urolabidide, and differs from all the
described genera by having only four segments to the antenne, the fourth
being longer than the third, which is subequal to the second and longer
than the first. The labium extends about as far as the base of the middle
ambulacra. Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate and a little reflexed.
Some of the veins of the membrane are incompletely furcate. Otherwise
it is very much like Urechela.

(1) guadriarticulatus, sp. nov.—Brownish-yellow, punctured with
blackish, a small Jzevigate pale yellowish spot on each side of the middle
of the pronotum. Antenne blackish.

Length, 9% mill.
Hab.: China, Yunnan (Montandon, in my collection).

RHEUMATOTRECHUS, gen. nov.

This genus has somewhat the appearance of Prz/omera of the Gerride,
but the legs are much shorter, especially the fore tarsi.

Head asin P¢ilomera, but the eyes are less oblique, and much less
emarginate, the vertex being elongate, and subparallei as far as the
articulation of the antennee. The first segment of the antenne is little
longer than the second. The labium is muchas in /¢ilomera. In the
apterous form the pronotum is well rounded at the sides, extending
laterally much farther than the eyes. The nota and tergites are much as
in £tz/omera, but the whole insect is much shorter and broader in propor-
tion, the abdominal sclerites much less elongate, the mesonotum also more
rounded laterally. The fore femora are a little incrassate, and are scarcely
longer than the tibiz ; fore tarsi very short. Middle and hind legs much
shorter than in P¢elomera.

(1) Aimalayanus, sp. nov.—Pale castaneous or fulvous ; head with
an elongate oval mark on vertex (the interior castaneous) and some lateral
marks, dark fuscous. Apex of first segment and apical fourth of second
dark fuscous. Eyes dark. Last segment of labium black. Pronotum
dark castaneous ; a central line and a lateral sinuous one on each side,
yellow, the central one narrowly and rather obscurely margined with black,
this spreading out a little apicaily. The mesonotum has a small, subtri-
angular, fuscous mark on each side subanteriorly. Legs yellowish-fulvous;

December, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIsi?. 453

apex of tibize and the tirsi blackish. ‘Tergites dark castaneous, verging
on piceous on abdomen proper and inward half of pleurites ; one or two
smaller brown spots medially. Beneath yellowish-fulvous, a lateral,
sinuous, dark castaneous line on the mesosternum on each side, edged
with silver ; also some obscure marks. ‘The first segment of the antenne
one-fifth longer than the second. Fore femora scarcely longer than the
tibiz, which are nearly four times as long as the tarsi ; last tarsal segment
more than twice as long as the penultimate. Middle femora slender,
as long as body from base of clypeus to base of pygophor ; scarcely longer
than tibiz and tarsi together ; tibize about twice and a half as long as the
tarsi, first tarsal segment twice as long as the second. Hind femora
one-third longer than the middle pair ; scarcely longer than the tibize and
tarsi; tibie slightly more than twice as long as the tarsi; first tarsal
segment not twice as long asthe second. The hind part of the metanotum
js triangular, the sides shortly truncate, and the base a little emarginate.

¢.—The pygophor is very remarkable, and I hope to figure it in my
forthcoming ‘‘ Notes on the Gerridz”; the hooks, etc., are yellowish-
fulvous, the apices blackish.

Length, 8 mill.

Hab.: India, Kurseong (which I believe is near Darjiling, and is also
called “ Karsiang ”), in coll. Belgium Mus.

This genus has considerable general resemblance to Chtmarrhometra
orientalis (Distant). It is true that Mr. Distant places the latter in the
‘* Halobataria,” and indeed originally described the species as Ha/obates /
but the emargination of the eyes he might have overlooked. The antennal
proportions are, however, quite different, as also those of the labium. It
may also be remarked that Mr. Distant has described the labium (rostrum )
as being composed of five segments !!—a condition unparalleled in
Hemiptera; in fact, practically impossible. On referring to the original
figure, it is seen that Mr. Distant has mistaken the extruded end of the
sete for a fifth segment !! Mr. Distant cites Bianchi as the authority for
the statement that Chimarrhometra is a fresh-water Himalayan genus,
whereas Bianchi had not seen a specimen of the genus he described, the
particulars being taken entirely from those of Mr. Distant. The genus: is
evidently semiaquatic, and as there is presumably no sea-water in Jhelam
Valley, it must necessarily be a fresh-water genus ! |

It is evident that Mr. Distant’s descriptions and figures are quite
untrustworthy, and we must await further captures of this interesting form.

454 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ne

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF, BLENNOCAMPINZ:
FROM TEXAS.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

The following species was received from Dr. L. O. Howard, of the U.
S. Department of Agriculture, for identification. It was found after
careful study to represent an undescribed genus. ‘This genus would fall
in the tables next to Phymatocera, Dahlb., from which it is readily
separated by having the antennee strongly serrate on one side, the posterior
metatarsus as long as all the following segments together, and the posterior
,.tarsi shorter than the posterior tibee.

CERATULUS, n. gen. —Antenne with nine segments, all the segments
except the first, second and ninth strongly produced on one side at apex,
the first segment large and globular, the second segment small, broader
than long, the third segment short, about twice as long as broad at apex,
the fourth segtnent twice as long as the third, the fifth shorter than the
fourth and longer than the third ; malar space narrow, hardly more than a
line ; legs with the front and middle tarsi longer than the tibia, the
posterior tarsi shorter than the tibiz ; the posterior metatarsus as long
as all the following segments together; the claws cleft ; the front wings
with the radial and the radio-medial cross-veins present, the medio-cubital
cross-vein parallei with the free part of M,+,, the anal cell petiolate, the
radial cross-vein and the free part of R, inclined at the same angle, and the
free part of M,+Cu, slightly nearer the medio-cubital cross-vein than the
free part of M,+,; the hind wings with the free part of M, present, the
first anal cell slightly petiolate at apex. Type Ceratulus spectabtits,
Mact.

Ceratulus spectabilis, n. sp.— g and ¢. Body rufous or reddish,
with the antenne, the tips of the mandibles, the sutures around the
ocelli, the legs beyond the apical fifth of the femora, and the saw-guides,
black ; the wings strongly infuscated, the veins and the stigma black ; the
labrum broadly rounded, the clypeus truncate; the antennal furrows
extending to a large circular excavation above the bases of the antenna,
interrupted on the middle of the front, and continued from opposite the
lateral ocelli as narrow, line-lke furrows to the occiput ; the antennal
fovea broad, bounded below by a distinct ridge, the lateral walls of the
fovea continued to the ocelli, where they form prominent ridges between
the median and lateral ocelli, the lateral ocelli being placed on the sides
of the ridges and therefore facing out ; the postocular area not bounded in

December, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 455

front by a furrow, and with a more or less distinct median groove; head
and thorax covered with a fine, almost colourless pile ; the saw-guides
straight on the upper margin, and gradually, obliquely, convexly rounded
to a blunt point at apex above. Length, 9 mm.

Described from a number of individuals received from Dr. L. O.
Howard and Mr. W. D. Hunter, bred from larve coliected on Cissus
incisa by Mr. E. S. Tucker at Dallas, Texas. Hunter, No. 1619. Type
and paratypes in the collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
and paratypes in the Entomological collections of Cornell University.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.

The first regular meeting for the season of the Entomological Society
of Ontario was held at Guelph on Wednesday evening, November 18th,
1908 ; the following resolution was unanimously adopted :

‘‘The members of the Entomological Society of Ontario have heard
with profound regret of the death of their esteemed and beloved Presi-
dent, Dr. James Fletcher. They one and all feel that they have lost a
personal friend whose place in their affection and regard can never be
filled, and that the Science of Entomology in Canada has been deprived of
its leader and most able exponent. Those who have had the privilege of
knowing Dr. Fletcher must share our grief, and will, with us, treasure in
their hearts a grateful recollection of his unbounded kindness and
geniality, his generous assistance freely given to all who applied to him,
and the enthusiasm in the study of nature which he everywhere inspired.

“On behalf of the Society, in which he took so active an interest
during a great many years, we beg to offer to Mrs. Fletcher and her
daughters this expression of sympathy with them in their sore bereave-
ment, and to assure them that their grief is shared by a large circle
of friends in all parts of the country.”

The following papers were read :

The Classification of the Muscoidean Flies, by Mr. W. R. Thompson.

Rearing Pomace Flies (Drosophilide), by Mr. E. Stafford.

The former paper, which was illustrated with diagrams and figures on
the blackboard, furnished a general classification of the superfamily, and
then dealt more particularly with the parasitic Tachinidae. The latter
paper gave the results of some careful observations made on the life-
history of these minute Dipterous Flies which are to be found in cider

456 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

mills and other places where there is fermenting vegetable matter. Both
writers, who are Fourth-year students in the Ontario Agricultural College,
were complimented on the excellence of their papers and the careful
scientific work which they had performed.

Owing to the lamented death of Dr. Fletcher, the following officers
were elected :
President—Tennyson D. Jarvis, B.S. A., Lecturer in Entomology and 4
Zoology, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph.
Vice-President—E. M. Walker, M. D., Lecturer in the Biological
Department of the University of Toronto.

MONTREAL BRANCH.

At the monthly meeting of the Montreal Branch, held at 850 St.
Hubert Street, on Saturday evening, November 14th, the following reso-
lution was passed :.

Moved by Henry H. Lyman, seconded by A. F. Winn, and resolved :

That the members of the Montreal Branch of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, having learned with unfeigned sorrow of the untimely
death of Dr. James Fletcher, President of the Parent Society, and Ento-
mologist and Botanist of the Dominion Experimental Farms, desire to
place on record their high appreciation of his eminence in his field of
labour, and of his lovable personalty. They feel that in his death the
Society and Entomological Science in Canada have sustained a great loss,
and desire to assure his widow and family of their sincere “sympathy
in their great bereavement. :

That copies of this resolution b2 forwarded to Mrs. Fletcher, to
the Parent Society and to the daily press.

NEPYTIA PELLUCIDARIA, Pack.—Since my notes on this species were
written (Can. Ent., Vol. XXXIX, p. 171) I have been permitted to
examine the types of Geometride described by Dr. Herman Strecker at
Reading, Penn. My conjecture, that his Cleora fumosaria is the same
as this species, proves correct, and it must hereafter be listed as a
synonym of pel/ucidaria, Pack,—RICHARD F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 457

‘MEIGEN’S FIRST PAPER ON. DIPTERA.”
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In attempting to settle the status of names aftecting the nomenclature
of any class of animals or plants, unless this is done in an impartial manner
the reader will be unable to form an unbiased opinion from the statements.
set forth. The present remarks are called forth by a perusal of the article
under the above caption, which appeared in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
for October, pages 370 to 373.

No student who has seen Meigen’s paper of 1800, or Mr. Hendel’s
reproduction of it, can truthfully say that the author has not complied.
with the rules adopted by the International Zoological Congress. There
is, first, the name of the proposed new genus in proper Latin form, then
a description of the genus, followed by a statement. of the number of
species known to the author as belonging to the genus. The author,
therefore, had a correct idea of binomial nomenclature, and, so far as he
went, he applied it in this paper. That a genus can be founded without.
being accompanied by the name of any species, is allowable under Article
2 of the International Code, which holds that “The scientific designation
of animals is uninominal for subgenera and all higher groups.” It has not
infrequently happened that an author has founded a genus in one number
of some journal without any mention of species, but has treated the species
in a subsequent number, and students have almost universally taken the
first date as the real date of the genus, a view held to be correct by the
Code. The case of Meigen’s generic names is similar to this, the difference
being that before treating of the species (in 1804) he published a second
paper on genera (1803), changing several of the names given in his
previous (1800) paper. Ina few cases such changes were allowable on
the score of preoccupation, but in the other instances the changes were
unjustified, and therefore the old names must be restored under Article 25

of the Code—the well-known law of priority.

As to the contention that these old genera of Meigen are invalid on
the score of having no type species, Rule 7 under Article 30 of the Code
covers this point: ‘In case a generic name without. designated type, is”
proposed as a substitute for another generic name, w ith or without type,
the type of either, when established, becomes zfso facto the type,of the
other.” On this principle, the type species of any one of Meigen’s genera’
of 1803 is the type of his corresponding genus of 1800. Among the
generic names of 1803, no less than twenty were also unaccompanied by
the name of a species, yet these very generic names, with few exceptions,
are now In current use.

December, 1908

458 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

That Meigen’s names are nomina nuda, as has been claimed, is
clearly erroneous ; each is accompanied by a description, which effectually
removes them from this class of names.

Nor have these names been entirely neglected since they were first
published in 1800. Latreille, in his “Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés et
des Insectes,” Vol. III, published only two years after Meigen’s paper
first appeared, used several of them as subgenera, and in giving a resume
of Latreille’s classification, Meigen himself connected most of them with
his 1803 names (see his ‘‘Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen

d

zweifliigligen Insekten,” 1804, pages xv—xxiii).

Article 32 of the Code holds that “‘A generic or a specific name once
published cannot be rejected, even by its author, because of inappropri-
ateness.” There is, therefore, no escaping the using of such of these
names as are not synonyms or homonyms.

There are, and always have been, obstructionists in almost every field
of science. Osten Sacken refused to use the old generic names of
Rondani in the Cecidomyiide, and Grote steadfastly rejected those
proposed by Hubner in his ‘‘Tentamen”; yet both of these classes of
names have since come into general use. Our individual preferences
amount to but little ; what the rank and file of the students of this and
of future generations are going to do in the matter of nomencla-
ture is all-important, and any effort to prevent others from following well-
recognized rules and scientific usages cannot, by any method of reasoning,
be regarded as being in the best interest of science.

SOME NOTES ON METAPELMA SPECTABILIS, WESTW.
BY CYRUS R. CROSBY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.

On August 12, 1907, I captured a male of this species on the window
of the Insectary at Cornell University. While it agreed fairly well with
Westwood’s concise description given in Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., IiI, p.
69, 1835, and in his Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, p. 149, I could
not make sure of its identity without having the female, as the description
is evidently based upon that sex alone.

Through the kindness of Dr. E. P. Felt, of the New York State
Museum, Dr. L. O. Howard, and the authorities of the United States
National Museum, I now have before me eight males and seven females.
Three of these specimens were determined by Dr. W. H. Ashmead.

Westwood’s specimen was from Georgia, and as the description is

inaccessible to many, it is here reproduced :
December, 1908

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 459

“ Metapelma spectabilis.—Met. capite thoraceque viridibus, cupreo-
nitentibus; antennis nigris; abdomine nigro, chalybeo purpureoque
nitente ; pedibus quatuor anticis ferrugineis viridi subnitentibus ; tarsis
intermediis fuscis ad basin albidis; pedibus duobus posticis fuscis
femoribus basi rufis ; tibiis basi albis ; oviductu nigro ; alis pone medium
nubecula vix infumatis.

“Long. corp. lin. 214 ; oviductus, lin. 1; exp. alar. lin. 334.”

Among the specimens before ‘me the females vary in length from
3%-434 mm., and the males from 2%-41%4 mm. The length of the
Ovipositor is considerably less than that indicated by Westwood, being from
-7-1.3 mm. ~The antenne are inserted farther from each other than from
the eye margin. The scape is greenish, with a metallic lustre. In both
sexes the posterior femora vary from dusky to yellowish brown, there being
no reddish at the base in these specimens. The white spot at the base of
the posterior tibize is confined to the upper basal third, and is bounded by
a straight diagonal line in most of the specimens ; in two- males from
Florida and one male from Tuscon, Ariz., it surrounds the base; in a male
from Santa Cruz Mts., Cal., and a female from Panamint Mts., Cal., the
spot is shorter and broader, and bounded by a curved instead of a straight
line. The specimens from Florida and the South-west have the posterior

Fic. 20.—Hind tibize of Metapelma spectabilis, Westw., showing variations in form and
markings. (a) Female, Ilion, N. Y.; (4) male, Ithaca, N. Y.; (c) female,
Panamint Mts., Cal.; (d) male, Santa Cruz Mts., Cal.

tibi more strongly dilated than the Eastern forms (Fig. 20); the
Virginian forms have the white spot long and narrow as in the Northern
specimens, while the tibie are intermediate in width.

The specimens examined by me are as follows:

1 3,1 92, Albany, N. Y., May 7 and 11, 1903, reared from an ash
stick infested by Obrium rubrum; 2 9’s, Ilion, N. Y., roth June, 1902,

460 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘reared from hickory limb bearing large black knots, and from which were
reared Dicerca lurida, Chrysobothris femoratus, Magdatis olyra, Leptur-
ges querci and Chramesus icorie, the Magdalis being perhaps the more
abundant.” E, P. Felt za “it; a9, Washington; "DiC (ieee
Ashmead) ; 1 ¢, Norfolk, Va.; 2 ¢’s Len Haven Road, Va., bred by
Hopkins from a Rattan Vine; 2 f’s, Cocoanut Grove, Fla., May, 1887
(E. A. Swartz); 1 ¢, Santa Cruz Mts.,.Cal3:1 9 Los Angeles aeaien
gd, Tuscon, Ariz., reared Feb, 1897, from Mesquite twigs by H. G.
Hubbard; 1 9, Panamint Mts,. Cal., April, 1891, andi ¢, 12th Aug,,
1907, Ithaca, N. Y.
The other species of the genus Metapelma are distributed as follows

M. gloriosa, West., Luzon, Philippines ; AZ. rufimana, Westw., Sarawak,
Borneo ; JZ. taprobane, Westw., Ceylon ; AV. obscurata, Westw., Eastern
India ; WZ. mirabilis, Brues, Cape Colony.

A NEW NAME IN MEGACHILE.
Megachile geophila, n. n.—Megachile terrestris, Ckll.,.Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., March, 1908, p. 260 (not of Schrottky, 1903). Florissant,
Colorado. T. D. A..COCKERELE.

BOOK: NOTICE.

InsEcT Stories: by Vernon L. Kellogg, New York; Henry Holt and
Company. 298 pages, 12 mo. Illustrated. (Price $1.50 net, by
mail $1.62.)

One hardly expected that the writer of such serious works as:
‘Darwinism To-day,” ‘American Insects,” etc., should present us with a’
collection of charming stories about insects and their strange doings.
Professor Kellogg has, however, accomplished a somewhat difficult task,
and produced a book of fascinating interest’ that appeals not only: to
youthful readers, but to their elders as well. Whoever begins to read it,
if he has any love of nature in his composition, will hardly put the book
down till he has finished. Furthermore, the stories are all true; there is
no attributing human reasoning to the creatures described, as is so often
done in tales about animals. The actual doings of the insects are
described, their haunts and habits, their enemies and their prey. It would
be difficult to find a more delightful Christmas gift for young people, or a
book more suitable for reading to children in a nature-study class. ,

Mailed December 8th, 1908.

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

A bit of contemporary history, 213.
Acanthocerus galeator, nymph, 165.
Acknowledgments, 332.
Acordulecera maculata, n. sp., 169.

- marina, N. Sp., 170.
th maura, N. sp., 168.

Ha maxima, 0. Sp., 168.
ri media, n. Sp., 168.

os mellina, n. sp., 169.
ee minima, n. sp., 168.
s minuta, n. Sp., 169.

ee

mixta, N. Sp., 169.
munda, n. sp. 169.
Actias luna, 333.

Actium bicolor, n. sp., 269.

‘* _ blandum, n. sp. 271.

* retractum, Nl. Sp.: 270.

Adalia Coloradensis, n. sp., 401.

Adalia, notes on the species, 4o1.

geria tibialis, var. Dyari, n. var. 330.

“Eshna, key to N. American species,
377 (plate), 450.

/Eshna cerulea, 386.

‘© Californica, 378, 386, 450.
Canadensis, n. sp., 384, 389, 451.
clepsydra, 380, 383, 389, 451.
constricta, 380, 387, 450.
cyanea, 379.
eremita, 383, 384, 388, 451.
interna, Nn. Sp., 381, 388, 450.
sE-shna interrupta, n. sp., 381, 387, 391,

aoe
4shna j juncea, 385, 390, 391, 451.
lineata, n. Sp., 382, 388, 450.
multicolor, 378 379, 386, 450.
mutata, 379, 386, 450.
Nevadensis, n.sp., 382, 390, 451.
palmata, 379, 388, 450.
septentrionalis, 387, 390, 451.
Stichensis, 386, 387, 390, 451.
subarctica, n. Sp., 385, 399, 451.
tuberculifera,n. Sp., 385, 3875451:
sEshna umbrosa, n. sp., 380, 386, 390,

450:

“Eshna verticalis, 385, 389, 451.
Agrilus egenus, 162.

ce eta TOO:
Alaus nyops, 444.

‘* oculatus, 444.
Alberta Lepidoptera, notes on, 149, 181.
ALDRICH, J. M., articles by, 370, 432.
Amphionycha flammata, 443.
Anatis LeContei, 406, 407.

‘* Rathvoni, 406.

ce

ce
ce
oe
“ce
ce

ce

ce

ce

‘ec
se
“ec
se
es

a

Andrena zizieformis, n. Sp., 234.
Aneaporia, n. gen., 407.
‘ plagioderina, 407.
Aneurus Fiskei, 132.
Anisocalvia cardisce, 406.
V ictoriana, 406.
Annals of the E ntomological Society of
America, 172.
Anovia, n. gen., 408.
~ virginalis, 408.
Anthaxia viridicornis, 91.
Anthocharis ausonides, 186.
sy caliente, 237.
creusa, 185.
deserti, 2
mollis, 23
Aphanisus, n. gen., 295.
lobatus, n. sp., 295.
muricatus, N. sp., 296.
nigritus, N. Sp., 296.
odoratus, n. sp., 296.
Aphidz, Catalogue of, 8o.
Aphididz, Honeydew and the Corni-
eles, 23h.
Aphididz, new Colorado species, 17
(plate), 61 (plate).
Aphididz, secondary sexual character
of, 283 (plate), 348.
Aphorura Cocklei, n. sp., 199.
ly sibirica, 200.
Aplodes unilinearia, n. sp., 60.
ends Alberta, 153.
aStarte, I4, 154.
cypris, 149.
e Edwardsii, 21.
. electra, 150.
halcyone, var.
laurina, 237.
leto, 149, 237-

“ec
ce

aly
o/*

6 s

bs:

im

ee

se

oe

ce 7 ~
platina, 151.

‘6

ce

she monticola, 151.
x Nevadensis, var. Meadii, 152.
- sordida, 237.
Argyrodes decorus, n. sp., 208.
ve Jrontatus, n. sp., 208.

$s rostratus, 1. Sp., 207.

Argyroploce abtetana, n. sp., 349, 432.

Arhyssus, American species of, 244.

Ashmead, Dr. W. H., obituary notice,
437:

Asilidz, new species
Columbia, 202.
Athysanus instabilis, 158.

“e striatulus, 158
Arctocorisa hydatotrephes, n.

from British

Sp. 410:

462 INDEX TO

Arctocorisa macroceps, 1. Sp., 119.
Arctophila Harveyt, n. sp., 9.

BAKER, C. F., article by, 241.
Balkwill, John A., obituary notice, 438.
BANKS, N., article by, 205.
Batrachedra placendiella n. sp., 195.
o trichella, n. sp., 196.
Batrisodes Atlantic region species, 262.
Pacific region species, 260.

4, albionicus, 261.

os appalachianus, n. sp., 262.
a cavicornis, 264.

= declivis, n. sp., 262.

. fossicauda, 262.

a frontalis, 264.

or globosus, 264.

2 lustrans, . Sp., 261.

<4 Mendocino, 261.

“s speculum, 261.

* tridens, n. sp., 263.

sa Tulareanus, n. sp., 261,
na zephyrinus, 260.

Bees, new and little known, 144, 234.

Beetle and toad, contest between, 302.

Beetle-haunts, by an Amateur Botanist,
441.

Belostomidz, note on Synonymy, 164.

BETHUNE; *G.. 5. J.7 articles “by, 138;
139, 172, 349, 433, 437) 438, 455,
460.

BEUTENMULLER, W., article by, 73.

BIRD, HENRY, article by, 25.

Blennocampa abnorma, n. sp., 296.

- acuminata, n. Sp.. 297.

“ adusta, n. Sp, 297.

Z angulata, n. sp., 297.

antennata, n. sp., 296.

Sh aperta, n. Sp., 297.
Blennocampinz, new genera a.nd

species, 289, 454.
Book Notices; 75; 81,134, 130, 140, 172,
211, 220, 300, 334, 337, 376, 460.
Boreus Californicus, mating of, 101.
Borkhausenia ascriptella, n. sp., 194.
Brachyacantha metator, n. sp., 413.
“ Sonorano, n. subsp., 413.
“ Uteella, n. sp., 412
Brachycolus Ballii, n. sp., 67.
Brachygluta jacobina, n. sp., 259.
Brachyopa notata, 8.
Brachy palpus parvus, IT.
sorosis, IT.
BRADLEY, J. C., article by, 71.
British Museum collections, 340.
BROADWELL, W. H., article by, 327.

VOLUME XL.

BRODIE, W., article by, 373.
Brown-tail Moths at Gardiner,
202.
Brumus=Exochomus, 409.
BuENO, J. R. de la T., articles by,
132, 165, 210, 300, 334, 337) 355-
Buprestid beetles, 444, 446, 447.
BuscK, \A.; articles *by;_134,-10 9:
Butterflies, notes on Californian, 346,
425.
Byrrhide,

Me.,

anew genus of, 281.

CAESAR, L., article by, 248.
Calliopsis chlorops, 148.
- coloradensis, 147.
Callipterus robinize, 20.
Capnia necydaloides, 132.
CASEY, .T. Ls -articles by, 2575 a2eme
393:
CAUDELL, A. N., articles by, 332, 357-
Cecidomyia(?) angelic@, n. Sp., 74.
boehmerie, n. sp., 74.

te collinsont@, n. Sp., 74.
< collinsonifolia, n. sp., 74.
os crassulina, n. sp., 89.

Se Sulu, MSs 7 5:
triadenit, n. Sp., 74.
Cecidomyiid Fly, a remarkable, 421.
Cellia flava, n. sp., 32, 52.
Cephaleia punctata, n. sp., 177.
Ceratulus, n. gen., 454.

“ spectabilis, n. sp., 454.
Cerceris argyrotricha, n. sp., 324.

‘t_- calochortt, 1. Sp: 322:

<>) cleome, N3*Sp.52 325

S TS 7hots, O: Saag ace

Sf) < \Solidaginisy; 1. Spt, G25
Ceresa basalis, 114.

<~ Palmert, 0.-Sp., 114:
Chabuata rectinubila, n. sp., 80.
Chagasia (?) lineata, n. sp., 50.
Charistena ariadne, 91.
Chelifer cancroides, 163.
Chilocorus, notes on the species, 408.
Chilosia Alaskensis, 3.

“ chalybescens, 2.
sf cyanea, 4.
as Hoodiana, 2.

nigripennis, 3.

occidentalis, 2.

“) -_pallipes; <3

7. plumosa, 4.

tristis, 3.

Chionobas Alberta, 181.
os Beanii, 181.
“ Brucei, 191.

INDEX

Chionobas jutta, 181.
i Macounii, 181.
subhyalina, 181.
= varuna, 181.
Chlorochlamys vertaria, n. sp.,
Chrysophanus arethusa, 183.
Del Sud, 2s
gorgon, life history, 346.
hermes, 238.
phleeas, 183.
Snowi, 183.
Chrysopidz, Fossil, go.
Chrysotoxum ypsilon, 2.
Cleora fumosaria, 456.
Clerid beetles, 443, 446, 447.
Cicindela marginata, 91.
+ sexguttata, 444.
“a togata, gI.
Cimicoidea, table of families, 359.
Coccinella alutacea, 402.
z barda, 402.
Californica, 402.
degener, 402.
difficilis, 402, 403.
Eugenii, 402.
impressa, 402.
Johnsont, n. sp.,
Juliana, 402.
monticola, 402.
Nevadica, 402.
g-notata, 402.
nugatoria, 402, 403.
Oregona, n. subsp., 402, 403.
perplexa, 401, 402.
prolongata, 402.
5-notata, 401, 402, 403.
Sonorica, n. sp., 402.
subversa, 402.
suturalis, 401, 402.
transversoguttata, 4or.
tricuspis, 402.
trifasciata, 4o1.
List of species, 404.
Mexican species, 404.
Coccinellidae, notes on, 393.
COCKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 31,
89, 90, 144, 173) 234; 329) 341, 343;
421, 460.
Cockerellonis, n. gen., 365.

. occidentalis, n. sp., 365.
COCKLE, J. W., article by, 101.
Coelophora oculata, 405.

Coleoptera affecting the Honey Locust,
160.
Coleoptera, notes on, 91, 441.
Colias czesonia, 21.
** christina, 187.

ae

197:

ee
ec
ee

ae

ae
oe
cc
ce
ae
r% 402, 403.
“ce
se
“ce
ce
ec
cc
oe
cc
ce
ce
ae
ce
ce
oe
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“se

“ce

TO VOLUME XL.

|
|

463

Colias elis, 186.
Eurytheme, var. eriphyle, 186.

‘¢ interior, 188.

‘* nastes, 188.

‘* occidentalis, 187.

‘* pelidne, var. Skinneri, 193.
Cook, J. H., articles by, 37, 85.
COOLIDGE, K. R., articles by, 130, 237,

298, 346, 425.
Cophura albosetosa, n. sp., 202.
COQUILLETT, D. W., articles by, 81, 457.
Corixidz, notes on, 117.

< table of genera, 117.
Corizini, remarks on American, 241.
Corizus, table of species, 243.
Corrections, 255, 300, 332,

432, 460.
Corythuca ciliata, 132
COSENS, A., article by, 107.
Cotalpa subcribrata, 91.
Criocephalus agrestis, 446.
Criorhina armiliata, 11.

4s Coquilletti, 11.
Crossy, C. R., articles by, 43, 458.
Cryptolechia quercicella, 84.
Cryptothrips rectangularis, n. sp., 307.
Culex fatigans, 392.
Culicidze, Annotated Catalogue of Ori-

ental : Brunetti, 376.
Cycloneda atra (not ater),

Re sanguinea, 405.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus, 445.

342) 3575

404.

Danais archippus in Alberta, 149.
Davis, J. J., articles by, 283, 348.
Decticinz, Caudell’s, in ‘‘ Genera In-
sectorum,” corrections, 333, 357-
DENNY, EDWARD, article by, 36.
Development retarded by Parasitism,

34:
Dialysis revelata, n. sp., 174.
Dimorphopteryx pinguis, 368.
Diptera, Meigen’s first paper on, 370,

4325 457:
Diptera, two Fossil, 173 (plate).
DOANE, R. W., articles by, 303, 391.
Dop, F. H. WOLLEY, articles by, 149,

181.
Dolerina, new species of, 125.
Dolerus acritus, n. Sp., 130.

‘ agcistus, N. Sp., 129.

‘¢ aprilotdes, n. sp., 126.

‘¢ arvensis=unicolor female, 130.

‘S cohesus, 11..Sp.3 128:

‘¢ colosericeus, nN. sp., 125.

‘< congugatus, n. sp., 128,

464

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Dolerus dysporus, n. sp., 128.
S= gclerUs, D.: SPay 1273
‘* amspectus, Nn. Sp., 12
“>, buctatus, N.Sps'; 127<
ue minusculus, 0. Sp., 126.
ie monosericeus, N, Sp. 126.
“¢ neoaprilts, n. sp .,126.
&S>* plencollaris Nl. Sp. L2y-
<¢ - neosericeus, N. Sp., 125.
‘‘ parasericeus, Nn. Sp., 125.
Sy | (plestus, i. Spx,° L290:
< “polysericeus; D.Sps, "125.
tt + vefugus, 1. Sp., 127-
ee stugnus, n. Sp., 129.

DVAR, H. G.; articles. iby,°75;
211, 309, 376.

Dyar’s Criticism of ‘‘ Mosquito Life,”
SI, 93.

77) 17);

Elachista orestella, n. sp., 196.
ELLINGSEN, E., article by, 163.
Emphytinz, new genera and species,

365.
Emphytus cinctipes, 367.

Coloradensis, 179.

cg Gillettez, n. sp., 178.
ENGEL, H., article by, 120.
Ennomos magnarius, eggs, 170.

+ subsignarius, swarms of, 327.
Entomological Record, 354.
Entomological Society of America, 69,

iG Re
Entomological Society of British Col-
umbia Bulletin, 139.
Entomological Society of Ontario, 248,
356, 438, 455-
Entomology, Journal of Economic, 138,
PP
Entomology, Practical and Popular, 85.
Entomology, Washington Bureau, 340.
Epermenia albapunctella, n. sp., 195.
Epidemia epixanthe, oviposition of, 85.
Epitaxonus, n. gen., 365.
ye albidopictus, 366.
Erebia disa, var. mancinus, 156.
ee mscoidalis,. 156.
Eriocampa obesa, 368.
et rotunda, 368.
Eristalis Meigenii, 9.
Errata, 84, 170, 196.
Eucerceris pimarum, n. sp., 326.
Euchloe ausonides, 298, 426.

S Coloradensis, 298.
creusa, 298.
elsa, 299.
hyantis, 298.

cc

ce

ce

Euchloe lanceolata (chrysalis), 130.
lotta, 298.
Eupithecta agnesata, 1. Sp., 57-
Brauneata, n. sp., 245.
interruptofasciata, 246
os placidata, n. Sp., 56.
“ Russeliata, n. sp., 245.
S Slocanata, n. sp., 59.
4d terminata, 0. sp., 58.
Eupithecia, the genus and its allies,
344:
Euplectus acomanus, n. sp., 265.
= Duryi, n. sp., 266.
Eupsalis minuta, 443, 444.
Ikuryopis argentata, 206.

oe

2 Californica, 207.

of formosa, 1. Sp., 207.

Nk funebris, 207.

es 5-maculata, 206.

scriptipes, n. Sp., 206.

at Texana, 1. Sp., 207-

ey table of species, 206.
Eutolype bombyciformis, early stages

of, 120;

Euura brachycarpe, n. sp., 176.
‘S . Parva, D., Sp=5 170:
Exochomus ethiops, 409, 411.

Californicus, 410.
e Davisi, 410, 412.
: deflectens, n. subsp., 410.
ie desertorum, 410, 412.
e fasciatus, 409.
Hy Hogei, 409, 410.
ok latiusculus, 410.
¢ Marginipennis, 410.
es Mormonicus, n. sp., 411.
de ovoideus, 410.
Ҥ parvicollis, 0. Sp. 409, 411.
% septentrionis, 409, 410, 412.
us subrotundus, 409.
_ Townsendi, n. Sp., 411.
Exoma, n. gen., 282.
fs pleuralis, n. sp., 282.

Exoplectrini, genera belonging to, 407.

Fauna Hawaiiensis : Walsingham’s Mi-
crolepidoptera, 134.

Ferdinandea croesus, 10.

FERNALD, C. H., article by, 349, 432.

Fleas collected on Rat and Human
hosts, 303.

FLETCHER, J.,articles by, 170, 354, 373-

FLETCHER, JAMES, Memoir and por-
trait, 433;

FLETCHER, JAMES, resolutions respect-
ing the late, 455.

INDEX TO VOLUME XL. 465

Fo.Lsom, J. W., article by, 199.
Fossil chrysopidz, go.
‘* Diptera, two, 173 (plate).
‘> -Leaf-cuttine Bee, 31:

Fossil Mantis, First American, 343
(plate).

Fossil Osmylidze in America, 341
(plate).

FREEDLEY, W. J., article by, 350.
Fustiger Knausii, 92.

Gabriola Dyari, 93.
>. minima, 93.
Gall on Aster, a new, 89.
Gall-producer, new Lepidopterous, 107.
Gelechia fluvialella, n. sp., 194.
Genera Insectorum—Decticine, correc-
tions in, 333, 357:
Geometrid moth, a neglected green,
197.
Geometrid notes and descriptions, 245.
GIBSON, A., article by, 84.
GILLETTE, C. P., articles by,
235.
Glaresis inducta, 91. ;
Gnorimoschema alaricella, n. sp., 192.
Goetymes, notes on the genus, 422.
= table of species, 424.
Gortyna zrata, 250.
Gortyna zrata, description of larva,
Zee
Gortyna anargyrea, 1. Sp. 79, 255.
Aweme, n..Sp., 254.
5 Birdi, n. sp., 78.

175 G1;

= cataphracta, 251.

‘s cerrusata, 252.

he frigida, 252.

Re marginidens, 78.

a nelita, 250.

“ nepheleptena, n. sp., 77, 255-
nephrasyntheta, n.sp., 78, 255.
es nitela, 251.

ms ochroptena, n. Sp., 77, 255.

a perobsoleta, 252.

+ rutila, 251.

~ thalictri, 252.

. triorthia, n. sp., 79, 255;

u see Papaipema.

Grapta chrysoptera, 238.
faunus, 155.
satyrus, 155.
silenus, Igo.
‘* progne, Igo.
‘* zephyrus, 155.
GRINNELL, F., articles by, 71, 313.
Groh, H., appointment of, 340.

se

“ce

Guignard, J. A., retirement of, 340.

Hammerschmidtia ferruginea, 8.
HAMPSON, SIR G. F., article by,
Harmonia, species of, 404.
Harmontaspis, n. gen., 404.
Harmoniella, n. gen., 404.
Harpiphorus varianus, 368.
HEATH, E. F., article by, 21.
Helophilus conostomus, 10.

Fy porcus, 10.

similis, 10.

Hemerobius meestus, Fossil, 342.

Hemiptera, Catalogue of: Kirkaldy, 334.

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, notes on, 165.

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, remarks. on
the Phylogeny, 357.

Hemiptera, notes on Corixide, 117.
Hemiptera of the Hawaiian Islands,
list of described : Kirkaldy, 337.
Hemiptera, Oriental, two new genera,

ro.

Hemiptera, recent papers on, 300, 334,
337:

Hemiptera, recent writers on, 210.

: synonymic notes on, 164.

Hemiptera taken at Quinze Lake, P.
7, 1094-757:

Hemipterous fauna of Europe and N.
America, the relations ‘between :
Horvath, 300.

Hesperocorixa, n. subg., 120.

Zh Brimleyi, n. sp., 120.

HINE, J. S., article by, 202.

Hippodamia abducens, n. subsp., 396.

ambigua, 395.

Americana, 399.

apicalis, 399.

coccinea, n. subsp., 396.

convergens, 394, 398.

IO2,.

ind

io Crotchi, 398, 399.
: dispar, 397.
ee expurgata, n. subsp., 400.

externa, 395.

i falcigera, 399.
glacialis, 398.

= juncta, 398.

oS LeContei, 395, 396.
sf leporina, 395.

a liliputana, n. Sp., 397:
Hippodamia, list of American species,
400.
Hippodamia moesta, 395.
Sy Mulsanti, 396.
obliqua, 398.
S Oregonensis, 395.

466

Hippodamia parenthesis, 399.
politissima, 398.
puncticollis, 397.

ce

a 5-signata, 394; 395:
‘6 15-maculata, 398.

6 sinuata, 398, 399.

rT spuria, 398, 399.

ee

trivittata, 398, 399.
Uteana, n. sp., 397-
FS vernix, 396.
Honeydew and the Cornicles of Aphi-
didz, 235.
Honey Locust,
160.
Hoop, J. D., article by, 305.
Hoplocampa bioculata, nispi 279:
Hormonyta Coloradensis, A: Spi, 427s
HOUGHTON, C. O., article by, 160.
HowarD, L. O., articles by, 34, 239,

436.
Flunterellus, n.

ce

ec

Coleoptera affecting,

gen., 241.
Hookeri, n. sp., 242.
Hydnocera bimaculata, n. sp., 232.

4 ceruletpennis, n. Sp., 229.

ts fallax, n. sp., 230.
ornata, n. Sp., 233.
Wickhamt, n. sp., 231.
Hypargyricus, n. gen., 290.

cf infuscatus, N. Sp., 290.
Hyperaspidius oblongus, n. sp., 421.

¥i pallescens, n. sp., 420.
trimaculatus, 420.
vittigera, 420.
Hyperaspis emulator, n. sp., 413.
angustata, 413.
aterrima, Nn. Ssp., 416.
Bensonica, n. sp., 418.
Coloradana, n. sp., 416.
concurrens, N. Sp., 416.
conspirans, N. Sp., 414, 415.
elliptica, 413.
fastidiosa, n. sp.,
fidelts, n. sp., 418.
filiola, n. sp., 419.
gemma, 414, 415.
Horni, 418.
imperialis, N= iSps, 4Ls5-
medialis, 415.
notatula, 413, 418.
Nunenmacheri, n. sp., 417.
Octavia, n. Sp., 419.
oculifera, N. Sp., 415.
omissa, 413.
protensa, n. sp., 417.
4-oculata, 418.
vreVOCANS, ND. SP. 419.
serena, n. sp., 416.

“ec

ce

“ec

ee
ee
6
ce
ce
ee
- 414, 415.
ce
ee
cc
ec
ce
se
“é
«e
ee
cc
«ce
ce
ce
«ce

ee

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Hyperaspis sexverrucata, 415.
significans, N. sp., 416.

tetraneura, nN. Sp., 420.

trifurcata,’420.

Ideobisium obscurum, 163.
Idionotus brevipes, 332.
Ignotus, n. gen., 214 (plates and figs.).
Ignotus enigmaticus, n. sp., 219 (plates),
255:

Incisalia, studies in the genus, 37.
Henricise7.
irus, 37.

us Mossi, 39, 183.

‘s polios, 37 (plate), 183.
Insect stories: Kellogg, 460.
Isiodyctium atratum, 290.

Jarvis, T. D., article by, 220.
July Blizzard, a, 327.

KEARFOTT, W. D., article by, 334.

Kellogeg’s Insect Stories, 460.

KIRKALDY, G. W., articles by, 80, 117
164, 209, 357, 452.

KNAB, F., article by, 309.

Knaggs, Dr. H. G., death of, 140.

Knaus, W., article by, 91.

Lasioptera lycopi, 75.

Lepidoptera, additions to Manitoba
list, 21%

Lepidoptera, Early stages of N. Am.,
120.

Lepidoptera of Alberta, notes on, 149,
lke ie

Lepidoptera of Kaslo, B. C., 54, 98.
Lepidoptera of Kootenai District, B.
C., corrections of Dr. Dyar's List,

99.
Lepidoptera of Santa Clara Co., Calif.,
425.
Lepidopterous Gall-producer, new, 107.
Leploplectus, n. gen., 266.
extlissinus, N. Sp., 269.
ee filiformis, n. sp., 268.
i znsolens, nN. Sp., 268.
pertenuis, 267.
Leptostylus parvus, 447.
Leptura biforis, 447.
4 ruficollis, 444.
Limenitis archippus, 190.
ue arthemis, 156.

ce

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Liorhyssus hyalinus, 243.

Lithophotina, n. gen. (fossil), 343.
Jloccosa, n. sp., 344 (plate).

LupLow, C. S., articles by, 2. GD: 827s

Lyceena acmon, 184.

aquilo, 192.

astragala, 239.

emigdionis, 239.

lygdamas, var. oro, 184.

melimono, 239.

melissa, 192.

piasus, larva and pupa, 347.

Scudderii, 192.

Shasta, 184, 239.

sissona, 239.

Lycasta fusca, n. sp., 180.

Lyman, H. H., article by, 141,

249.

MAcGILLIvRay, A. D., articles by, 125,
168, 289, 365, 454-
Macremphytus, n. gen., 368.
varianus, 368.
Macrosiphum Sanbornt, n. sp., 65.
Mantis, First
(plate).
MEAD, T. L., articles by, 302, 333.
Megachile geophile, n. nom., 460.
predicta, n. sp., 31.
terrestris, 460.
Megalothrips spinosus, n. sp., 306.
Megarafonus ventralis, 281.
Megaraphidia, Fossil, 342.
Meigen’s First paper on Diptera,
432, 457:
Melanophila Drummondi, 444.
Melanostoma czerulescens, 4.

+ concinnum, 4.
trichopus, 4.
Melissodes saponellus, n. sp., 234.
Melitza abnorma, 238.
acastus, 190,
anicia, var. Beanii, 155.
augustina, 238.
cenita, 238.
colonia, 238.
eremita, 238, 300.
hermoso, 238.
leona, 238, 300.
mirabilis, 238.
olancha, 238.
sabina, 238, 300.

Sierra, 238.
Merodon equestris, 10.
Metapelma spectabilis, notes on, 455.
Microdon marmoratus, 2
ss tristis, I.

ae

379;

oe

American Fossil, 343

467

Microdon viridis, 2.
Microlepidoptera, new species, 193.
Micronecta malabarica, 0. sp., 209.
Micronecta, species occurring in India
and Ceylon, 209.
Microscope, mounting Insects for, 3
Microstylum Wheelert, n. sp., 173.
Miroidez, table of families, 360.
Miselia carbonifera, n. sp., 104.
MITCHELL, Miss E. G., article by, 93.
Mitchell, Miss E..G.’s Mosquito Life
75, 81, 93.

Monohammus confusor,

se

--
O°

447-
scutellatus, 446, 447.
titillator, 447.
Monophadnoides collaris, n. sp., 295.
cCOncesSUS, N. SP., 294.
consobrinus, N. Sp., 294.
conspersus, N. Sp., 294.
conspiculata, n. sp., 293.
CONSpiIcuUs, N. SP., 293.
coracinus, N. Sp., 295.
cordatus, n. sp., 294.
costalis, n. Sp., 295.
crassus, 1. Sp., 294.
Monophadnus equalis, n. sp., 292.

ra bipunctatus, n. sp., 292.
distinctus, N. sp., 291.
minutus, N. Sp., 291.
plicatus, n. sp., 292.
transversus, 1. Sp., 292.
Monostegia Martini. n. sp., 366.
Monsoma, n. gen., 368.

si inferentia, 368.
MONTIZAMBERT, ERIC, articles by, 36,

140.
Morris, F. J. A., article by, 441.
Mosquito Life: E. G. Mitchell, 75, 81,

se

we

se

93:
Mosquito Notes, 32, 50, 351.
5 Work, notes on, 309.
Mosquitoes of Brazil; Peryassu,
Society Island, 391.
Moths, early stages of N. American, 120.
Mounting Insects for the Microscope,

21.

ed

355: sie
Myzus Braggit, n. sp., 17-
“Vinee, Ts Sp.5/ 16.

Nacophora cupidaria, 124.
Nacophora quernaria, early
122.
Nasusina, n. gen., 345.
; list of species, 345.
Nathicus virginz, 92.
Neaporia metallica (type), 407.

stages,

468

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Neaporia plagioderina, 407.
Nectarophora chrysanthemi, 67.
Neoborus amoenus, var. Pa/meri,

Var, £12.

Neoborus (Xenoborus, n.
suralis, nN. Sp.y 112

Neocharactus, n. gen., 293.
iy Bakeri, n. sp., 293.

Neominois Ridingsii, 190.

Neomysia interrupta, 407.

Neopareophora, n. gen., 289.
os Martini, n. sp., 289.

scelesta, n. sp., 289.

Neotomostethus, n. gen., 290.

“ hyalinus, n. sp., 290.
Nepoidez, table of families, 360.
Nepytia pellucidaria, 456.

Nezara hilaris, nymph, 166.

Nicholls, Mrs., Noctuidze collected in
Alberta, B. C., and Washington,
102.

Niesthrea, species of, 243.

Nigrasilus, on. gen., 203.
ir nitidifacies, N. Sp. 204.

Nisoniades afranius, 190.
sy callidus, 2%9.

lacustra, 239.

persius, 190.

Noctuidz, new American species, 77.

Noctuidz, notes on, collections in
Alberta, British Columbia and
Washington, 102.

Nomia Andrei, 145.

a Bakeri, n. sp., 147.
ekutvensts, 1. Sp.y 144.
producta, 145.

Wellmant, n. sp., 146.

Welwitschi, n. sp., 145.

Notonecta glauca, 210.

ES undulata, 210.
Notonectidz, concerning, 210.
Notonectoidez, table of families, 361.

n.

subg.) commzs-

oe

ee

oe

ee

se

ee

Ogniocerus Raffrayi, n. sp. 259.
Ohio Lake Laboratory, 140.
Olla abdominalis, 405, 406.
Gorhamt, n. sp., 405.
minuta, N. Sp., 406.
oculata, 405.
Or opus abbreviatus, 275.
basalis, n. sp., 276.
brevipennis, n. Sp., 275.
castaneus, nN. sp., 276.
cavicauda, 277.
convexus, 274.
curtipennis, 1. Sp. 276.

Oropus debilis, n. sp., 277.

interruptus, 274.

Keent, n. sp., 275.

Montanus, 275.

striatus, 275.

testaceus, nN. Sp., 274.

Orthosoma brunneum, 446.

OSBURN, R. C., article by, 1.

Os Culicideos do Brazil: Peryassu, 211.

Osmylidz, Fossil in America, 341
(plate).

Osmylidia, n. gen., 342.
3 requieta, 342.

Osmylus chrysops, 342.

Oxvptilus Bernardinus, n. sp.) 314.

Palzeochrysa vetuscula, 91.

Pamphila Californica, 239.

cernes, 189.

chispa, 239.

comma, var. Manitoba, 189.

Manitoboides, 220.

peckius, 189.

sassacus, 220.

Tecumseh, 239.

Papaipema, new histories and species,
25-

Papaipema duplicata, n. sp.,

ee

25) 255-
tmperspicua, N. Sp., 29.
limata, n. Sp., 30.
Pterisii, 249.
sciata, Nn. sp., 28.
Papilio Bairdii, 189.

é nitra, 189.
zolicaon, var. coloro, 237.
Paracharactus, n. gen., 292.

i obscuratus, 1. SPp., 293.
Parandra brunnea, 443.
Parasite, Chalcidoid, of a Tick, 239.
Parasitism retarding development, 34.
Parataxonus, n. gen., 367.

. multicolor, 367.
Parnassius smintheus, var. magnus, 237.
Parnassius smintheus, var. niger, 237.
PEARSALL, R.F., articles by, 133,197;

3445 456.
Pemphigus, Synopsis of the Genus:
Jackson, 220.
Periclista confusa, n. Sp., 291.
Phellopsis obcordata, 444.
Phloceothripidz, new N. American, 305.
Phrontosoma, n. gen., 366.

A, atrum, n. Sp., 367.
collaris, n. sp., 367.
Daecket, n. sp., 367.
Nortoni, 367.

ee

oe

oe

e

INDEX TO

Phyciodes ismeria, 155.

rk nycteis, 190.
pascoensis, 238.
tharos, 155.

Phyllothrips, n. gen., 305.

is aspersus, 305.
cllricornis, n. SPp-, 305.
Phymatocera nigra, 289.
Physocnemum brevilineum, 445-

Pieris occidentalis, i85, 192

% protodice in Alberta, 185.
protodice in Manitoba, 2r.

- rapze o 2.
Pipiza nigripilosa, 2.

e pisticoides, 2.
quadrimaculata, 2.
Platandria Mormonica, 92
Platycleis Fletcheri, 332
Platymetopius latus, 157.

obscurus, TS
Platyptilia hesperis, n. sp., 316.

*y nonticola, n. sp., 310.
Pasadenensis,n. sp., 317-
Williamsi?, n. sp., 315-
Platysamia Columbia Nokomis, 350

373:-

Platysamia Columbia Winonah, 374.
Plume-moths of S. California, 313.
Plusta orophila, n.’sp., 105.

Plusia precationis at Petunia blossoms,

54 2 ile
Poecilostoma albosecta, 368.

Ec inferentia, 368.
Polytaxonus, n. gen., 368.

3 robustus, 368.
Pontania brachycarpa, n. sp., 46.
leucostoma, n. Sp., 45-
maura, 1. Sp., 47.
megacephala, n. sp., 47.
melanosoma, n. sp., 48.
Practical and Popular Entomology, 85.
Prionus laticollis, 446.
Protagrotis Nicholle, n. sp., 102.
Pselaphidze, remarks on new, 257-
Pselaphid genera, discussion of, 257.
Pseudactium, Ne-een2 7 4 :

* Caroline, n. sp., 271
cephalicum, n. sp.
mellinum, nN. Sp., 272.
Pseudocleis, n. gen., 406.

rg Hudsonica, 406.
minor, 406.
picta, 406.
Pseudo-scorpions, Canadian

163.

Pseudoskusea mediolineata, 332
=f nigrotarsis, 1. Sp., 52

“

oe

*

-

ae

?

a

‘ec

a

se

oe

species,

VOLUME XL. 469

| Pseudo-uranotenia triangulata, n. sp.

331:
Psorodonotus pancici, 357.

= radiata, 357-
Psyllobora, species of, 407.
Pteronus hypomelas, n. sp., 48.

notatus, N. Sp., 49.
Pterophoridze of S. California, 313.
Plerophorus baccharides, n. sp., 317.

; Behrii, n. sp., 319.

- Cataline, n. Sp., 319.
Gorgontensts, n. sp., 318.

* Hilda, n. sp., 320.

x pictipennis, n. Sp., 320.
Pterophorus subocraceus australis, new

subsp., 318.
Purpuricenus humeralis, 443.
Pycnoplectus Floride, n. sp., 264.

. tmipressiceps, 1. Sp., 265.

longipennis, n. Sp., 264.
Pyrameis atalanta, 155.
caryz, 190.

Pyrgus centauree, 193.
Pyrgus tessellata, var.

189.

se

occidentalis,

Quebec Society for the Protection of
Plants, 256.

Racheospila, synonymy of, 171.
Recent work among the Borers, 249.
REYNOLDS, A. T., article by, 202.
Rhacidorus Semoni, 332.
Rhadinocerea similata, n. sp.,
Rhagium lineatum, 443.
Rheumatotrechus, n. gen., 452.
Rheumatotrechus Himalayanus, n. sp.,

452

290.

Rhexius ferrugineus, n. sp., 280.
: hirsutus, n. Sp., 279-
insculptus, 279.

A ruber, n. Sp., 279.

Schmitti, 280.
transversus,N. Sp., 281.
Virginicus, n. sp., 281.
Rhipicephalus Texanus, 239.
Rhopalocera in Wright's Butterflies of
the West Coast, notes on the, 237.
Rhopalocera of Santa Clara Co., Calif.,
-
Rhopalvsiphum nervatum, n. Sp., 63.
poe, n. sp., Of.
Rhynchagrotis alcandola, 222, 288.
: alternata, 222, 286.
x anchocelioides, 222, 286.

470

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Rhynchagrotis Belfragei, 222, 286.

bimarginalis, 222, 223.

. bruneicollis, 221, 223.

re confusa, 222, 224,
costata, ao 224.
crenulata, 222, 225.
cupid 222.207:

: discoidalis, 222, 225.

‘ duanca, n.Sp., 222, 228.

ze emarginata, 222, 226.

ag exsertistigma, 222, 225.

ee formalis, 222, 224.

gilvipennis, 221, 222.

2 inelegans, 222, 228.
lzctula;\222, 226:
meta, 222, 226.

‘ minimalis, OTe,
mirabilis, 222, 226.

: nefascta, N. Sp., 222, 227.

ng niger, 222, 226.
placida, 222, 227.
rufipectus, 221, 223.

iy sambo, n. sp., 222, 287.

SCOpeops, 222, 227.

trigona, 222, 287.
+5 Variata.222 226.
< vittifrons, 222. 224.

2
Robertsonella Gleasoni, 23
ROHWER, S. A.,

299

eae

Samia Columbia Nokomis, 373.
Samia Columbia Nokomis, Early
stages, 350.
Saperda tridentata, 442
vestita, 441, 442
Satyrus alope, var. nephele, 156.
= Stephensi, 238.
sylvestris, var. charon, 192.
Sawflies from Colorado, some Nematid,
45:
Sawflies, new species, 125, 176,
395.
Sciagraphia purcellata, n. sp., 98.
Sciapteryx punctum, 368.
Scymnus virginalis, 408.
Selandria floridana, 289,

289,

fumipennis, 290.
marginicollis, 291.
ad parva, 297.
rudis, 293.
Sesia Florissantella, n. sp., 330.
Sesia fragariz. var. semiprestans,
n. Vvar., 329.

Sesiid Moths, new, 329.

Sitarida,

422.
Sitarida, table of species, 424.
SKINNER, H., articles by, 14, 220, 354.
SLosson, Mrs. A.‘T., article by, 213.
SMITH, JOHN B., articles by, 221, 286.
Snow- flea, the Golden, 199 (plate),
Society Island Mosquitoes, 301.
Sphecomyia brevicornis, 11.

2 nasica, 1. Sp., 13.
occidentalis, n. sp., 12
table of species, 14.
Spiloneda, n. gen., 405.

Gilardini, 405.
Stagmatophora ceanothiella, n. sp.,107.
Stapbylinus violaceus, 444.

Stegomyia fasciatus (calopus), 32, 391.

eo scutellaris, 391.

Stenoptilia Californica, n. sp., 321.

“ Coloradensis, 321.
Gorgoniensis, nN. Sp., 321.
Sthenopis thule, 36.

Str ongylogaster apicalis, 369. -
cingulata, 369.
confusa,n. sp., 369.
contigua, 369.

filicis, 369.

mixta, 369.
spiculatus, n. sp., 369.
SweTT, L. W., articles by, 83, 245.
Synchloe australis, n. sp., 72.

% Californica, 238.
lanceolata, 71.

Synelys enucleata, 83.

Syntomaspis thalassinus, n. Sp., 43.
Syrphidz, new British Columbian, 1.
Svrphus conjunctus, N. Sp., 7 (fig).
disjectus, 5.

geniculatus, 4.

genualis, 4.

glacialis, 4,

insolitus, n. Sp., 5 (fig.).
quinquelimbatus, 5.

notes on the Meloid genus,

oe

oe

oe

oe

Taxonus albidopictus, 366.

z¢ floridanus, 366.
montanus, 366.
unicinctus, 366.
synonymical notes, 366.
TAYLOR, GEO. W., articles by, 54, 93,

98.

Temnostoma aequalis. I1.

a alternans, II.
Tenthredinoidea, notes and new spe-
See ICES sa Ge
Tessaromerus, n. gen., 452.

oe

se

“ec

INDEX TO VOLUME XL.

Tessaromerus quadriarticulatus, n. sp.,

Tetralonia fulvitarsis, 234.
The Biter bit, 302.
Thecla augustus, 182.

‘* ~~ avolona, 238.
iroides, 182,
Mossii, 183.
polios, 183.
titus, 183.

Theridiidz, new species, 205.
Theridium interruptum, n. sp., 205.
é pictulum, n. sp., 205.
Tick, Chalcidoid parasite of a, 239.
Tomostethus Nortonii, n. sp., 291.

Tornos, the species of, 133.

a

os

os

a

Tortricidz, genera and their types: | Xylophilus Ashmeadi, 92.

Fernald, 334.
Tortricidz, new species, 349.
Toxomerus Boseii, 8.

Toxoptera graminum, sexual forms,

53 (figs.).
Tragosoma Harrisii, 443, 446.
Trichoptilus Wrightit, n. sp., 314.
Triphzna and Rhynchagrotis, 221.
Type and Typical, 141.

Urographis fasciata, 447.

Van DvuZEE, E, P., articles by, 109,

57°
Vanessa Californica in Manitoba, 21.

471

a

WALKER, E. M., articles by, 377, 450.

Walsingham’'s Microlepidoptera of the
Hawaiian Islands, 134.

WASHBURN, F. L., article by, 53.

Wasps, new Philanthid, 322.

Watson, F. E., article by, 85.

| WELLMAN, F. C., article by, 422.

Winn, A. F., article by, 16.
Winter Insects, 132.

| Wo tcotTrT, A. B., article by, 229.
| ‘ 9

| Xanthogramma divisa, 7.
+e

tenuis, n. sp., 8 (fig.).

_ Xanthorhoe fluctuata, 59.

se

planata, n. sp., 59.

| Xylota marginalis, 10.

CORRIGENDA. .

Page 124, line 15, for Macophora read
Nacophora.

Page 192, line 6, for Zycea read
Lycena.
Page 227, line 4 from bottom, for

negascia read nefascia.
Page =303,. line 1, for
Fleas.
Page 360, line 19, for ‘‘ fused meta-
sternum and first abdominal ster-
nite’ read “*‘ metasternum,”

Eleas read

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Boe bs Sa. pores es oh nea
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Sea Tiatte Saee = rt, ae rs wet ze

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