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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DeAr Campbell: . Dak Oa Meme a eee Nee eh ISS hy 2 OO
200 0 La yn a eae eee SF Has deca 2 00
New a itel E511 107) a ee . Urbana. 2 00
Miss V. Lees . He eager sinics 4 Olt awale aaa 2 00
eA ite .tiete aes ee eto us va hy Re 2 00
Chas. Macnamara.... .. Arnprior, Ont.. 2 00
John Murphy.... Pia Sits» ow CAOREANVES "Ales Lit at tat ange mse eae AS
tale saw CSV NING yor ta ere SN OMILNEA foie « 2 00
Masse ois Ml Unireld tes). 8. SR Onis. MO s 2, 2 co
ie MieKellare \.. LOOSE Jaw, Sask. . aces. 2 00
Arch. Mitchell... Posies sendin! Head, Sask: 4). 2 00
Dr Gk aNewcomibed. cio mis boi: Wie tones (Bi Cos ate oe Jak 2 00
12709) id ep) [abl e107 Apc a nome ee Soe eine ve Nis V5 ets, alesse er Gino 2 00
Pearsall: {25 6 seo ues, a OlivereasNshY seasae osaki es 2 00
Miss MiB Williams? vise... 4s i hater er Ns Mieke Hey 2 00
Ie as VRE = tales» Lik Pips Leds): Sy EEA Dew WS Dae 2 00
Diss Menominee Fos ee Ba awe ING S08 velren leg Bi sh eae I OO
AN BE SEA 2) aie OS SPEAR Or 8 Ae PLOW ni slater ts ork Yas ars Mata ® 5 I 00
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Prot.J..S: Hine: .. Columbus, Obie: 2 eee
W. H. Moore. PATS Ava cee SCORCH ee ae Naa aay 1 00
Dre MG. Mebththney’ sashes. 2 COLRIWAL, I 00
A. G. Ruggles... sf es Anthony Park, ene I 00
J. C. Sutherland... <7 Richmond, Ope. aah I 00
LM. Lermll:. .. Montreal .. I co
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Arthur M. McElhinney Be Aa Paae SU ies al BE Canara Nea SoM NaAG ies 50
Up to date there has been subscribed to the Fletcher Memorial Fund
about $1,700, which has nearly all been paid in. It has been decided to
close the subscription list about the end of March, so it is hoped that any
who have not yet subscribed to the Fund, but who wish to do so, will
attend to this matter at once. The Committee hope to raise at least
$1,800. It has been decided to erect a drinking fountain at the Central
Experimental Farm.—ArTHuR Gipson, Sec.-Treas. of Committee, Experi-
mental Farm, Ottawa.
7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
A NEW WAX-SCALE FROM THE ARGENTINE.
BY T. D. A, COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.
The Coccide of the Argentine Republic must be considerably more
numerous than the records show. A carefully prepared list, with full
bibliographical details, was published by Eugenio Autran in 1907 (Bol.
Minist. Agricultura, VII), but it shows only 32 species. One may now be
added ; I have had it in my possession for a number of years, but only
recently, with the assistance of Miss L. H. Falk, have I been able to
examine it in detail.
Ceroplastes Lahillet, n. sp.
Waxy scale about 3 mm. long, 234 broad and 11% high, solitary or
aggregated in masses more or less surrounding the branch, the wax of the
different individuals then completely confluent ; wax creamy-white, wholly
without red or brown ; dorsal patch oval, consisting of the elongate-oval
dorsal nucleus, and the six lateral and one anterior plates surrounding it,
having their several nuclei distinctly developed ; caudal patch with a large
dark spot, consisting of the caudal horn ; lateral wax abundant, convex in
section, more or less concentrically grooved, with the usual broad vertical
bands of chalky-white secretion. In lateral view the dorsal patch is hardly
or not visible.
C. bruneri. C. mexicans: 24noHlan,
Fie 5.
Female with wax removed very small, about 2 mm. long, 1% broad,
11/5 high; pale ochreous, with the broad low shining mammiform caudal
horn deep chestnut-brown, in strong contrast; dorsum obtusely keeled,
and sides with the usual tubercles. In lateral view there is a deep
impression between the dorsal hump and the caudal horn.
March, igto
=!
or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Skin thick, strongly chitinized ; cephalic region remarkable for three
broad lobes or tubercles, one on each side of the antennz, and one
between ; stigmatic spines very obtuse ; antennz eight-jointed, joints 2 to
7 measuring in microns: (2) 37, (3) 52. (4) 60, (5) 37, (6) 37, (7) 393
Fic. 6.—Antenna of C. Lahillei.
these antennez are not quite like any others I have seen, but are rather
similar to those of C. formicarius, scutigera, brachyurus, purpurellus and
Mexicanus. Legs well developed (see figure) ; tarsal digitules with very
distinct knobs, claw digitules incrassate: (The microscopic figures are by
Miss Falk.)
aOR OP
Fic. 8. — Stigmatic
Fic. 7. —Leg of C. Lahillei. spines of C. Lahillei.
ffab.—Santa Ana, Argentine (Lahille). The bottle bears this label :
“Sta. Ana (Misiones), Llana, No. 10, No. 8 Hem.”
The genus Ceroplastes is evidently derived from some _ convex
Lecaniid type, and from this point of departure presents a series of
forms showing the most curious modifications, coincident with the greater
~ development of wax. Some of the recognizable groups are as follows:
(1.) C. denudatus Ckll., of the Lesser Antilles, which is at first a
typical Cevop/astes, but in age loses nearly all of the wax, and looks likea
Saissetia.
(2.) Typical Cerop/astes, with convex scales, in which the lateral plates
are large and reach the lower margin ; caudal horn usually moderate, and
76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
directed posteriorly. I give a figure of C. Mexicanus Ckll., showing the
scale and the denuded female, the latter with the caudal horn visible.
(3-) C. ceriferus, Anderson, and its allies,in which the wax is very
thick, and the caudal horn, still directed posteriorly, has become very
long, in order to reach the surface. I give a figure of the caudal horn.
(4-.) Ceroplastina, n. subg.; type C. Lahil/ei. Wax abundant,
pushing the plates on to the dorsal surface ; caudal horn mammiform,
directed upwards. Wax of different individuals often confluent. I give
dorsal and lateral views of the waxy scale, and a lateral view of the
denuded female. This subgenus may be considered to include other
species with a similar female, such as the South American C. Bergi CkIl.,
and the African C. Africanus Green, and C. egbarum CkIl.
(5.) Ceroplastidia, n. subg.; type C. Brunert Ckil. (see figure
of denuded female). In this group the wax of the several individuals is
thick and always confluent, and the female has become high and narrow.
Strictly of this subgenus is C. cande/a Ckll. and King, from Natal.
The occurrence of closely related species of Cerop/astes in Africa
and South America is noteworthy. ‘These insects are arboreal, and it
seems just possible that they have been carried across the ocean on
floating trees, the wax serving to protect them from injury. It is perhaps
more probable, however, that they are of great antiquity, and have reached
the southern lands from the north.
THE ENTOMOLOGICAIL, COLLECTIONS OF THE LATE
DR. JAMES FLETCHER.
The friends of the late Dr. Fletcher and many other Canadian ento-
mologists will be interested to know that the whole of his private
collection of insects is now deposited in the Division of Entomology, at
the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. After his death Mrs. Fletcher
asked the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture to accept the collection
for the use of the Department, which the Hon. Mr. Fisher was very
pleased to do. The collection is of a general character, but is particu-
larly rich in diurnal Lepidoptera, to the study of which Dr. Fletcher paid
particular attention. It is being gradually worked into the collections of
the Division ; and in addition to the mounted specimens, there is a very
large amount of material in the shape of many hundreds of unmounted
specimens. The addition of this collection to the collections of the
Division of Entomology will render them all the more valuable and
serviceable in the work of identifying Canadian insects for the many
correspondents in different parts of the Dominion, which is one of the
many useful functions the Division performs.—(C. G. H.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF ZUP/ITHECIA FROM
EASTERN AMERICA.
BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, NANAIMO, B. C.
1. Lupithecia Winnata, n. sp.
Expanse, 25 mm.
This species is about the size of and superficially somewhat like
Eupithecita Youngata, but the fore wings are longer and more pointed at
the apices, the hind margins straighter and the tornos less rounded.
The colour is a rather bright brown.
Palpi short, rather stout. Head gray, with a slight brownish tint,
paler between and behind the antenne.
Thorax and abdomen above the colour of the wings ; dorsal line on
abdomen indistinctly marked by pale dots on segments; 1st segment
pale ; no black band on 2nd segment.
Fore wing rather bright brown, the central and submarginal areas a
little darker. Basal lines very indistinct. Central area bounded rot by
lines, but by a lightening of the ground colour of the wing. There are,
however, two series of black dashes on the veins, one set representing an
intradiscal line and running outwards, and the other set representing the
extradiscal line and running inwards. ‘These dashes extend almost across
the central area in some cases. Beyond the median band is a paler stripe
divided into two by an indistinct brownish line. The submarginal area
is broad, bisected by a wavy white line; this line runs in three sharp
scallops from costa to vein 6, then in slight waves parallel to hind margin
to vein 3, and thence in a conspicuous acute scallop to the tornos. Mar-
ginal line black, interrupted. Fringe paler than submarginal area, with
darker spots at the ends of the veins. Discal spot small, lengthened,
distinct.
Hind wing paler, very light at costa, dark smoky on inner margin.
Traces of lines, the most conspicuous being the extradiscal, showing as
dots on the veins. A fairly distinct zigzag white submarginal line ; mar-
ginal line and;fringe as on fore wing ; outer margin flattened and indented
at vein 5 ; discal spots very indistinct.
Beneath, much paler ; discal spots on all wings large and conspicu-
ous ; two extradiscal lines, broken into venular spots on all wings ;
submarginal line on fore wing, faint, slight traces of other lines on hind
wing ; marginal lines and fringes as above,
March, 1910
78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
labelled Montreal, 29 V to 3 VI, ’os.
The last named specimen remains in my collection, thanks to Mr.
Winn, and bears the type label.
Eupithecia grata, n. sp.
This is a very distinct species, and not likely when once seen to be
mistaken for any other in our fauna.
Expanse, 25 mm.
Palpi long, rather stout. The whole upper surface pale fuscous, with
cross lines of yellowish-brown.
The fore wings are short and wide, with outer margins well rounded.
Basal line evenly curved. Intradiscal much nearer to the basal line
than usual, running outward at sharp angle from costa to cell, then back
in an even curve to inner margin. Median line broad, distinct, parallel to
intradiscal, just missing the faint discal dot by making a sharp angle at
cell and running thence to inner margin in a wavy line. Extradiseal line
narrow and very finely scalloped through the whole of its length, in
general direction parallel to the median, but making a regular curve
instead of a right angle at the cell. Submarginal line parallel to the extra-
discal and of a like character. A very faint marginal dark line. Fringe
long, faintly spotted.
Hind wings dusky. Discal dot round, rather large, but faint. The
median and extradiscal lines of fore wing are continued right across the
hind wing; no other lines are evident. Outer margin well rounded.
Fringe as in fore wing.
Beneath, browner than above, discal spots and extradiscal lines on all
wings rather distinctly reproduced. ‘There is also a fainter median line,
including the discal dots on each wing, and an indistinct submarginal shade.
The type specimen is in faultless condition, and was taken by Mr.
C. H. Young at Ottawa on June 5, 1906, and though unique, has been
most generously placed in my cabinet.
Eupithecia Gibsonatq, 0. sp.
This is a species about the size and shape of Youngata, Winnata and
Quebecata, but it seems distinct from all three.
Expanse, 25 mm.
Palpi moderately long, rather heavy. Whole upper surface, soft pale
brown with black cross lines. ( Youngata is fuscous with pale cross lines.)
ii i
a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79
Fore wings moderately broad, with hind margins well rounded out.
(In Winnata these margins are very straight and the wings pointed.)
Thorax with a whitish transverse line posteriorly and two minute
black dots, one on each side the middle. Abdomen with black band on
second segment.
Fore wing: Basal line evenly curved. Intradiscal very sharply
angled at cell. Extradiscal curving inwardly from costa, then outwardly
at cell, and thence in a series of scallops to inner margin ; some black
dashes running from this line inwardly on the veins. Crossing the median
space are three fine lines, heaviest on the costa. The two outermost are
subparallel to the extradiscal, but the innermost is not parallel to either
intra- or extradiscal. This line includes a small black discal spot. There
is a narrow pale band beyond the extradiscal line, bounded outwardly by
an indistinct fine line, exactly parallel to the extradiscal; this space is
divided by a similar fine line hardly visible, except on the veins.
The submarginal space is a little darker than the rest of the wing,
and is divided by a distinct scalloped pale line. Marginal line fine,
broken, but very black and distinct. Fringe moderate, faintly spotted.
Hind wing with the markings of the fore wing faintly continued, the
intradiscal of fore wing becoming the basal line on hind wings. The pale
extradiscal divided band of fore wing can be traced right across hind wing.
Discal dot minute.
Beneath, fore wing lightiy scaled, smoky ; two median lines and the
extradiscal marked on costa, and faintly visible across wing. Extradiscal
pale band also traceable across all wings.
Hind wing a little paler ; five cross lines quite distinct, two intra- and
three extradiscal. Discal dots distinct.
The markings of the hind wings, both above and below, are very
different from Quedecata.
Type, a female from Mr. C. H. Young. It is dated Ottawa, g, VI, 3,
and is in perfect condition.
I name this after Mr. Arthur Gibson, who has helped me very much
with species of Ottawa Geometride.
Eupithecia fasciata, n. sp.
There can be no question but that this species is very closely allied
to the &. difasctata of Dyar, described from Kaslo. In fact, Dr. Dyar,
al THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
who was good enough to compare a specimen of /asciata with the type of
bifusciata, was of opinion that they belonged to the same species.
But the type of 4/ascfata is not in the best condition, and my own
specimens of di/asciata, taken in the type locality, seem sufficiently
different from the eastern form to warrant the imposition of a new name.
It is hardly to be expected that a species of Eupithecia found in B. C.
should also be found in Ontario and Massachusetts, and yet be wanting in
all intermediate localities, and until specimens are found in such localities,
or until by the study of more ample material the differences I rely on are
shown to be inconstant, I think the better plan is to give the eastern form
a name distinct from the western.
E. bifasciata Dyar, was described (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII,
891) as Lephrocystis (typographical error for Zephroclystia) bifasctata.
The types were two in number. One taken on June 25 is in the U. S.
National Museum, No. 7820, the other taken on June 13 is in Mr.
Cockle’s collection. I have a specimen exactly similar to this last named,
and taken at the same place on May 17.
At a later date Dr. Dyar described 7: har/eguinaria (Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., VII, p. 29, 1905) from two specimens from Victoria (E.
M. Anderson) and one specimen from Seattle (O. D. Johnson). One of
the Victoria specimens passed through my hands, and I have no hesitation
in saying that it was merely a very brightly coloured, fresh specimen of
bifasciata.
From these forms /asciata may be distinguished by its smaller size
and duller coloration, and by the fact that in it the brown patch between
veins 3 and 4 of fore wings does not interrupt the double extradiscal line,
while in 4éfasciata these lines are obliterated. These differences are, it is
true, very slight, but I am of opinion that a longer series of good speci-
mens will show that the two forms are at least distinct geographical races.
E. fasciata may be described in detail as follows :
Expanse, 18 mm.
Palpi moderate. ‘Thorax fuscous, a distinct white spot posteriorly.
In difasciata there is also a white median transverse bar on the thorax.
There is no such bar visible in my specimens of fasciafa, but this may
possibly be due to their being in poor condition. Abdomen without
blackish band on second segment ; dorsal tufts black.
eS
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $1
Fore wing long, pointed, outer margin not very full, very slightly
angled at vein 4, ground colour light brown, with the lines and shadings
blackish. Basal area and up to the median line (which runs through
prominent black discal spot) blackish, all the lines being indeterminate.
Median area, from median line to the extradiscal, clear brown, giving the
appearance of a band across the wing. Jxtradiscal double, straight from
costa to vein 8, then at a sharp angle outwards to vein 6, then in a regular
curve to vein 1, and thence in a straight line to inner margin. ‘These
lines are followed by a narrow pale space. Submarginal area blackish,
divided by a very fine wavy submarginal white line, and interrupted
between veins 3 and 4 by a brown cloud extending to the margin.
Marginal line black. Fringe short, brown, spotted with blackish.
Hind wings pale, except at extreme base. Three or four black
extradiscal lines begin on inner margin, but rapidly fade away as they
cross the wing. A submarginal darker shade. Discal dots small, round,
faint. Fringe as on fore wings.
Beneath, abdomen and legs nearly white. Wings very lightly scaled.
Discal spots distinct. On fore wings two extradiscal lines are faintly
reflected. On hind wings one basal and three fairly distinct extradisca
lines can be traced from margin to margin.
Described from three specimens. One taken at Ottawa, 28th June,
1906 (Arthur Gibson). This is the one from which the description is
mainly drawn. A second specimen was received from Mr. W. D.
Kearfott, and was doubtless taken in New Jersey. The third was taken
25th June, 1906, at Winchendon, Mass., and is in the collection of Mr. L.
W. Swett.
Eupithecta Quebecata, n. sp.
Expanse, 21 mm.
Thorax, abdomen and fore wings above, bright brown. Basal line
black, running at a sharp angle to submedian vein, and then back at a
right angle to the inner margin. Intradiscal line exactly parallel to the
basal, running from the costa until it almost reaches the discal spot, and
then at a right angle to inner margin. Two median fine wavy lines, one
running through angle of intradiscal and the other through the black discal
spot. Extradiscal line very pronounced, dislocated at subcostal vein,
sending out conspicuous black dashes inwardly along the veins. Beyond
the extradiscal is a pale space bounded by a dark line parallel to the
82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
extradiscal, and divided by a black hair line. Submarginal space darker
than the rest of the wing, and traversed by white zigzag submarginal line.
Fringe lighter, with median dark line. Hind wing same shade of brown
as fore wing, with many lines, at least two intradiscal and four extradiscal,
and a white submarginal evident from margin to margin. Fringe same
colour as wing, with darker spots opposite ends of veins.
Beneath lighter ; the discals larger than on upper side, and nearly all
the markings of ypper side reproduced, the extradiscal and submarginal
dark lines on all wings being heavy and diffuse. The direction of the
intradiscal line on the fore wings above, in its relation to the two median
lines, distinguishes this species from all the other species of eastern
Eupithecia known to me. It is, however, a very near relative to the
European £. sobrinata Hubner, of which at first I thought it might be a
variety. Described from four specimens received from Mr. A. F. Winn,
of Montreal, and taken at Biddeford, Maine, 23, VII, ’99, and Kamouraski,
Quebec, 23 and 26, VIII, ’98.
My type labels are on two specimens retained in my own gollection,
and labelled Biddeford, 23, VII, ’99, and Kamouraski, 26, VIII, ’98.
Eupithecia fumata, n. sp.
Expanse, 24 mm.
This is one of our large species very near to Z£. fumosa Hulst. It
differs from that species in the shortness of the palpi, in the greater fulness
of the hind margins of all the wings, in being more heavily scaled beneath,
and in having the extradiscal line on the hind wing below finer, and more
distant from the discal spot. These (except the palpi) are slight
characters, and may not amount to more than varietal differences, but my
type specimen is in such perfect condition that I am tempted to name it.
There is no eastern species near to it except what I have identified
as fumosa. The western Lupithecia perfusca Hulst, and its allies, £.
terminata and E. Slocanata, are also near relatives of /umata.
Type, one ? taken at Ottawa, 9, VI, '06, by Mr. C. H. Young, and
in my collection.
Eupithecia indistincta, 0. sp.
Expanse, 28 mm.
This is the largest of our eastern species. The wings are longer but
narrower than in &. Packardata, Taylor (geminata, Packard), which
species indistincta much resembles.
a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83
The palpi are very short. The whole upper surface is a dull clay
colour, paler than Packardata. Abdomen with very conspicuous black
band on second segment, and small black dorsal tufts on other segments.
The markings on the fore wings as in Packardata, but the discals are
large and round instead of linear, and the dark spot on the costa, whence
the extradiscal line proceeds, is further from the discal spot than it is in
that species.
Hind wings as.in Packardata, save that the discal spots are larger.
Beneath as in Packardata, but with the same differences as noted
above.
The short palpi will distinguish this species from /wvmosa Hulst.
Types: 1. Catskill Mountains, 10, VIII, ’99, Mr. R. F. Pearsall.
2. Sherborn, Mass., 14, VI, 1900, Mr. L. W. Swett.
The first named is in my collection, the second in that of Mr. Swett.
I have other specimens taken at Toronto, Ontario (Saunders), and Newark,
N. J. (Weidt).
A NOTE ON. MR. JACKSON’S SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS
PEMPHIGUS.
BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
I have recently received a separate of this article, bearing no date,
but apparently published during 1908.
As far as the part dealing specially with the Aphide is concerned, the
contribution seems to be admirable, but the writer displays a lack of
knowledge of Hemipterous literature and of the Hemiptera, as soon as he
embarks upon speculation on the “ derivation of the genus.”
Basing my researches on those of Hansen, I have recently divided*
the Auchenorrhyncha into two superfamilies, Cicadoidea and Fulgoroidea,
fully discussing them. If, as Mr. Jackson asserts, the “ Fulgoride do not
secrete a waxy or flocculent material from abdominal glands, where is this
material secreted from in that group? ‘The interposition, moreover, of the
Fulgoroidea between the Cercopide and the Membracide is an old
Fieberian misconception, faithfully followed by all subsequent authors
except Hansen and myself; it is not zz the /east warranted by the struc-
tures or habits of the groups in question.
*Bulls. I and III of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Div. Ent., 1906 and 1907,
March, 1910
St THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Mr. Jackson's diagram on p. 177 cannot be adopted. The Sternor-
rhyncha must have branched off from the main Homopterous stem before
the latter was differentiated into superfamilies, while the association of the
5-10. (6 families).
cee
4. Membracidae.
3. Jassidae.
‘vapioundjny
20 ercopidae.
—_
S.
© cS
z 5
3 a |. Cicadidae.
-o -
a 5
bac
iP S
—F
Qa.
8
12. Aphidae.
Il. Chermidae.
(= Psyllidae.
13. Aleyrodidae.
14. Coccidae.
Fic. 9.
Cercopide and “ Fulgoride ” as “ twin twigs ” of a branch almost equal to
the Membracide or “ Jassidz,” is positively ridiculous.
The following represents more accurately the course of Homopterous
evolution: The Fulgoroidea are much more distinct from the rest of the
Auchenorrhyncha than these are among themselves; the Cercopide,
Membracidz and “ Jassidw ” are all very closely allied, the Membracide
being simply highly specialized “ Jasside.”
I have not sufficiently studied the Sternorrhyncha as yet, but I think
they form only one superfamily, which may be termed “ Aphoidea.”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85
ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF MESOLEUCA ALLIED TO
MESOLEUCA HERSILIATA, GUENEE.
BY GEO. W. TAYLOR, NANAIMO, B. C.
The conspicuous insect described by Guenée as Cidaria hersiliata
(Spec. Gen., X, 464) is well known to all American collectors of Geome-
tridz, although it does not appear to be anywhere very plentiful. Guenée’s
type was from “ Canada.”
Walker redescribed this moth under the name Larentia flammifera
(Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., XX1V, 1184). He possessed three specimens,
all females, two being from Trenton Falls, New York, and one from
Orillia. Walker noted two forms, and Mr. Pearsall (Can. Ent., XLI, 119)
tells us that one form was certainly hers‘/iata of Guenée, but the other,
“ variety B,” was a distinct species, to which he (Mr. Pearsall) gives the
name Jf. Walkerata. Ihave not myself yet met with Wadkerata, but
have litle doubt that it is a good species. At the same time, I am by no
means sure that it is Walker’s var. 8, as the description of that form is
altogether too vague, and, moreover, both Packard and Hulst, after an
examination of Walket’s types, pronounced fummifera and herstliata to
be synonyms.
Packard, in 1876 (Monograph III, pl. 8, figs. 41, 42), had a larger
amount of material, including at least one western specimen. He wrote
a description, to include all the forms before him, and made no attempt
to separate two species.
Dr. Hulst, in 1896, with still more abundant material, described one
form from Nevada as Mesoleuca ethela, and another from Colorado as
Philereme formosa, a very extraordinary generic reference.
All the forms above mentioned I have, I think, made out, except
Pearsall’s Wadkerata, but as my eastern material is not very ample, and as
Mr. Pearsall says that Wad/kerata is very rare, the exception is not
surprising.
Of hersiliata (typical) I have specimens from various eastern
localities, and also from Manitoba and Calgary. A very beautiful variety
from Meech’s Lake, near Ottawa (C. H. Young, 24, 6, ’04), deserves a
name, and I have called it variety mirandata. It differs from the type in
having the central band quite clear of lines, and of a wine-red colour,
instead of being the usual black or gray.
M. formosa is represented in my collection by one specimen only.
It very closely resembles the photograph of Hulst’s type, kindly given to
Marsh, 1939
86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
me by Mr. Grossbeck. My specimen was bred by Mr. T. N. Willing
from a green caterpillar with faint whitish lines, found on currant at
Regina. The caterpillar pupated 12th June, 1905, and the moth emerged
on the 28th of the same month.
M. ethela, Dr. Hulst’s second new species, is a very well marked
form, and is perfectly constant. It is distinguished from all the others of
the Aersi/iata group by having the space between the basal and intradiscal
lines on the fore wings cream-coloured. ‘The contrast between this band
and the dark central fascia is very striking, and the moth is a most beau-
tiful one. AZ. ethe/a was described from Nevada, but all my specimens
are from British Columbia.
Beside these forms, I have five others, all from British Columbia.
Four of these I consider to be good species, and I will describe them as
such. To the fifth I have given a varietal name. They all of them so
evidently belong to the Aersiliata stock that I shall describe them by
comparing them with the typical form, which is sufficiently well known.
Mesoleuca occidentata, n. sp.—Expanse, 29-30 mm. This is more
like the typical Aersidiata than any of the species following. The style of
coloration is the same, but the slight differences to which I shall call
attention seem to be constant.
The outermost of the two basal lines on the fore wings leaves the
costa at a sharp angle, so that if it were continued in the same direction
as that in which it runs to the subcostal vein, it would cut the hind margin
of the wing. The basal area also is much larger, and the two parallel
basal lines are more distinct than in Aerst/iata.
The central fascia is pot narrowed quite so much below vein 1 as it
usually is in Aersi/iata, ‘The rust colour which pervades the submarginal
band in Aerst/iata is much reduced in ocetdentata, and the central fascia
is of a darker colour in the last-named species.
The hind wing in occtdentata is comparatively clear, but the discal
spot is distinct, and the very heavy extradiscal line of the under side is
reflected.
On the under side all the markings on both fore and hind wings are
heavier than in Aerst/iata, especially the extradiscal lines, and the space
within these lines is darker than that without.
This species is described from seven specimens in my collection,
taken at Wellington and Departure Bay, on Vancouver Island, and at
Salem, Oregon, The dates are 15th June to 25th July.
oe ee le
~|
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ©
I have marked as types a ¢, Wellington, 15, VI, ’o5, and a 9,
8, VII, ’o4.
M. mutata, n. var.—In three specimens of JZ. occidentata, two being
from Victoria and one from Wellington, the median band is much
narrower, and is lighter centrally than in the seven specimens noted above.
The intradiscal lines are connected across the band by dark lines on the
veins, forming a series of ringlets below vein 4. The coloured extra-
basal bar is narrow and reddish-brown in colour, rather than orange.
Mesoleuca decorata, n. sp.—Expanse, 30-31 mm. This species,
though preserving the same style of markings, is more unlike hersi/iata
than the two forms just described.
The characteristic orange bar is in @ecorata reduced to a grayish
cloud. The parallel extrabasal lines are more wavy. ‘The central band is
wider, and shows two cross lines, one on each side of the discal dot and
parallel to the intra- and extradiscal lines respectively. The space
enclosed by the two median lines is usually quite clear, though sometimes
clouded. The discal dot is small and round, not a dash as in occtdentata.
The submarginal white line is fairly distinct, and the scallops are marked
within by coffee-coloured spots, the most evident of which are opposite the
discals. E
On the hind wings there is a faint discal dot, and an angulated
extradiscal dot as in occidentata. ‘There is also a very indistinct submar-
ginal scalloped line, with a coffee-coloured shade within it.
_ Below all wings are slightly tinged with yellowish, and the markings
of the upper side are faintly reflected. ‘The discal points are black and
distinct. The extradiscal line is distinct on the hind wings, but not nearly
so heavy as in occidentata.
This seems to be a commoner insect on Vancouver Island than is
occidentata.
It is described from ten specimens from Victoria, Wellington and
Departure Bay, all taken between 3rd and 25th July.
I have placed my type labels ona g, Departure Bay, 20, VII, ’o8,
and two 9 9’s, Departure Bay, 25, VII, ’o8.
Mesoleuca boreata, n. sp.—I have two specimens taken near the
Stickeen River, in Northern British Columbia by Mr. Theo, Bryant, 24th
July, ’o5, and 25th July, ’o5.
SS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7
They are in poor condition, most of the markings being obscured, but
the extrabasal bar is quite distinct and perfectly 4/ack instead of red or
yellow. The extradiscal lines on the fore wings above are also distinct,
very fine and black. «In other respects these specimens resemble the
variety mutata.
The black extrabasal bar readily distinguishes this form from any
other I have seen.
Mesoleuca Casloata, ». sp.—Expanse, 30 mm. Wings longer and
narrower than usual in the case of Aersi/iata, and the colouring is duller
than in that species.
The extrabasal bar is dull brown, and fills the space between the ©
extrabasal and intradiscal lines. The intra- and extradiscal lines are
scalloped, but the scallops are more angular than in Aersi/iata.
The submarginal white scalloped line is very distinct, and is parallel
to the margin of the wing throughout almost the whole of its length, not
being dislocated below the costa as in Aersi/iata and occtdentata. A dull
brown band precedes this line, and is continuous right across the wing.
The margin of the wing beyond the submarginal line is blackish-gray like
the central band.
Between the extradiscal line and the submarginal brown band there
is a light blotch on the costa, followed by an almost black costal spot and
a subapical streak.
This seems to be the form representing Aersi/iata in the Kootenay
district. My three specimens are all from Kaslo (Mr. J. W. Cockle).
My lightest specimen shows an approach to AZ. ethe/a, and I suspect it
was a specimen of this form that led Dr. Dyar to suggest that possibly
ethela and hersiliata might be found to intergrade.
NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.
BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Paper IX.—XyYELID# anp LypDID&.
North American 5 ae of Pleroneura.
Head and thorax black. + an heen é pier a te tae} oe ha ee I.
Head and thorax not pack Reps am Ne seas
1. A distinct fovea outside of had sacral feat 2 tr, cu. fol 1st. recur.
n. not interstitial; pronotum black; ¢@. .. (fulvicornis Roh.)
No fovea outside of the lateral ocelli ; the ‘et recur. np. and rst tr. cu.
interstitial ; pronotum lined with white; 9 .....(druneicornis Roh.)
March, I9to
—
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89
2. Postocellar line strongly present ; anterior lobe mesonotum punctured
as side lobes ; length, 4.5 mm.; not marked with black. ./wtea Roh.
Postocellar line absent; anterior lobe of mesonotum more closely
sculptured than side iobes; length, 6 mm.; thorax above and abdo-
men above marked with black.... ............-..Moebelet Roh.
Pleroneura fulvicornis, n. sp— g. Length, 5 mm. Anterior margin
of clypeus with a broad obtuse triangular tooth ; malar space very narrow ;
narrow, deep furrows from the antenne to above anterior ocellus, where
they meet; middle fovea elliptic, with a shallow depression to anterior:
ocellus ; a fovea at the side of each lateral ocellus ; apical antennal joint
shorter than preceding ; head and thorax opaque, with close, fine punc-
tures ; maxilliry palpi very large, 7-jointed, the second joint about the
same length as the anterior femora, the first joint about one-third as long
as the second, the last five joints smaller and not so rigid; labial palpi
4-jointed ; tarsal claws as in Xye/a, with a small tooth at base ; hypopy-
gidium rectangular, the apex almost truncate ; intercostal nervure about
the length of the same nervure in LVeurotoma fasciata, but the free part of
SC, is present; first recurrent n. in second cubital quite free from first tr.
cu.; hind wings as in Veurotoma fasciata. Colour black ; antenne,
clypeus, labrum, tegule, legs, venter and palpi rufo-fulvous; wings
yellowish hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale brown.
Type locality: Placer Co., Calif. One ¢, June. Type, Cat. No.
12749, U.S. N. M.
Pleroneura bruneicornis, n. sp.— 2. Total length, 5.75 mm.; length
of ovipositor, 1.5 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate, with a small
triangular tooth in the middle; antennal furrows meeting above the
anterior ocellus, as in fu/vicornis, but above the middle of the head they
are indistinct ; no fovea at side of lateral ocelli; palpi as in fulvicornts ;
head opaque, closely granular or finely punctured ; thorax above sub-
shining, with distinctly separate, small punctures ; sheath about as long as
the abdomen, gradually tapering to apex, but more strongly so below ; legs
as in fulvicornis; wings as in fuwlvicornis, except the first recurrent is
interstitial with first tr. cu. Black ; mandibles, line on pronotum and
tegule pallid; clypeus, labrum, palpi, legs, venter and three apical
segments rufo-fulvous ; hind tibie infuscated ; wings hyaline iridescent ;
venation pale brown.
Type locality: Gloversville, N. Y. One 9, April 30, 1907. C.P.
Alexander.
1) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Type, No. 12750, U. S. N. M.
Differs from /u/vicornis in absence of fovea, by lateral ocelli ; vena.
tion, tooth on clypeus and other characters.
Pleroneura Koebelei, n. sp.— 8. Length, 6 mm. Anterior margin of
the clypeus rounded in the middle, with a small obtuse tooth ; antennal
furrows deep, meeting above the ocellus on a line between the lateral
ocelli; postocellar furrow not present ; lateral furrows of the postocellar
area shallow; middle fovea shallow, elongate ; palpi as in /u/vicornis ;
head opaque, with fine punctures ; middle lobe of the mesonotum more
closely sculptured than the lateral lobes, which have separate punctures ;
claws with a small tooth at base and a long seta at apex ; venation nearly
as in fu/vicornis ; hypopygidium about as wide as long, at the apex nearly
truncate. Colour reddish-brown ; middle lobe of mesonotum, scutellum,
metathorax above, dorsulum, except three apical segment, black. Wings
yellowish-hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale reddish-brown.
Type locality: Oregon. Koebele.
Type, No. 12752, U.S. N. M.
Pleroneura lutea, n. sp.— 8. Length, 4.5 mm, Anterior margin of
the clypeus truncate, the sides rounded and an obtuse tooth in the middle ;
antennal furrows narrow and deep, meeting on the postocellar furrow,
which furrow is distinct; postocellar area indistinct and parted in the
middle by a faint furrow ; head and thorax opaque, with fine punctures,
which are uniform ; claws and venation as in Xoedbe/ei; hypopygidium
slightly narrowing toward the apex, which is nearly truncate. Head,
antenne and thorax reddish-luteous ; clypeus, labrum, legs and abdomen
luteous ; wings glassy-hyaline, iridescent ; venation luteous.
Type locality: Oregon. Koebele.
Type, No. 12751, U. S. N. M.
Nearest to P. Koebelet.
Cephaleia fulviceps, n. sp.— 2. Length, 11.5 mm. Anterior margin
of clypeus slightly notched in the middle, the clypeus sculptured like the
front ; no fovea on the head, and the lateral boundaries of postocellar area
faint; front closely punctured; vertex and posterior orbits sparsely
punctured ; antenne 26-jointed, third joint subequal with 4 aad 5 ; meso-
notum and scutellum shining, with close, fair-sized punctures on all the
sutures ; scutellar appendage finely granular; legs normal for genus ;
abdomen with a velvety appearance, due to the close reticulation; vena-
tion like Cepha/eis abietis (fig. 42, pl. XXVI, No. 1438, P. U.S. Nat.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91
Mus.), except that the tr. rad. is interstitial with 2nd tr. cu. Colour black ;
head fulvous, except a black spot enclosing the ocelli and extending down
to the antennz ; wings dark brown, iridescent ; venation brown.
Type locality: Atlantic Co., N. J.
LYDE, NOs te752, U..S..N. M.
Allied to C. frontalis (Westw.), but is smaller, the pronotum is black,
the puncturing of mesonotum different.
Cenolyda Nortoni, n.sp.— 2. Length, 9.75 mm. Anterior margin
of clypeus broadly produced in the middle, the middle portion of clypeus
gently convex ; head, except outer part of antennal fovea, with shallow,
separate punctures ; orbital carine as in /tycorsta ; middle fovea wanting ;
lateral postocellar furrows converging to occiput, no middle longitudinal
furrow ; antennz about 28-jointed, third subequal to 4+5; labrum sub-
quadrate, the apical middle with a long tooth ; middle !obe of mesonotum
and scutel shining, impunctate ; lateral lobes of mesonotum and pleure
with widely separate punctures; legs normal; venation differs from
Cenolyda (fig. 38, pl. XXV, P. U.S. N. M., 1906, XXIX), in a little
longer 3rd cub., and the tr. rad. is interstitial with the 2nd tr. cu.; abdo-
men finely granular ; last ventral abdominal segment broader than long,
the apex at the sides rounded. Colour dark reddish-brown ; lower part
of pleurze, pectus and a few ill-defined spots on thorax above piceous ;
postocellar spots, cheeks and antenne yellowish ; wings hyaline, glassy,
veins dull brown.
Type locality: Maine.
Type, No. 12776, U.S. N. M.
I am not sure what this species is related to. In colour it is like
Pamphilius apicalis, Westw., but that species is Lyda sens strict.
Ltycorsia Kincaidi, n. sp.—ltycorsia margiventris (Cress.) Kincaid,
P. Wash: Acad. Sc., II, p. 344, 1900.
9. Length,ro mm. Anterior margin of clypeus straight; entire
head, including clypeus, densely punctured, more closely and finely so on
the front ; a very small elongate middle fovea ; only the lateral postocellar
furrows present ; mesonotum and scutellum shining, the middle area with
punctures ; mesopleure punctured similar to the head ; antenne about
30-jointed, third joint equal to 4++5 ; abdomen opaque, with close tessella-
tion ; apical ventral segment of the abdomen broader than long, the apex
semicircular; labrum at apex truncate; venation nearly like Lyda
erythrocephatia (fig. 37, pl. XXV, P. U,S. N, M., XXIX, No, 1438), but
mW THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
differs in the ba. joining the cu., as in Cephadeia. Colour black ; anterior
margin and middle of clypeus, spot en lower inner orbits, spot at summit
of eves, forked spot above the antennz, posterior orbits and occiput, usual
postocellar spots, entire margin of prothorax, anterior lobe of mesonotuin
posteriorly, spot on scutellum, spot on side of lateral mesonotal lobes,
broad oblique line on the pleura, narrow lateral margin of abdomen,
pallid; legs black; tibie and tarsi rufo-ferruginous. Wings dusky
hyaline, iridescent ; venation fuscous. Head and thorax with long, black
hair. Mandibles piceous.
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska, June 16, 1899. (T. Kincaid.) ;
Type, No. 12761, U.S. N. M.
This is the species recorded as /tycorsia margiventris, by Kincaid
(P. Wash, Ac. Sci., Il, p. 344, 1900), but margiventris is Lyda sens
strictiore according to Dr. MacGillivray, who has seen the pe. 7,
Kincaidi also differs from Z. margtventris in the colour of the legs and
the pale spot on the pleure.
Itycorsia nivea, vn. sp.—Q. Length, 10 mm, Anterior margin of
clypeus semicircular, the surface of clypeus shining, with large separate
punctures ; head, except a shining, impunctate spot on lower inner orbits,
closely punctured, those on the vertex larger and more separate ; middle
fovea eiongate, but not strong ; only the lateral postocellar furrows present ;
antennz long, slender, about 30-jointed, the third subequal to the fourth
and fifth ; mesonotum with large separate punctures (in an area above the
tegule they are wanting); mesopleure striato-punctate ; abdomen as
Kincaidi ; wings in poor condition, the basal joins the cu., as in Avncatd?.
Labrum shining, rounded at the apex. Colour as Aincaidi, except as
follows: The antenne are reddish-yellow, the lateral markings of the meso-
notum are connected to the anterior one, the cox beneath are white, and
the legs below femora are paler. Wings hyaline, venation pale brown.
Mandibles, except piceous apex, yellow.
Type locality: Kokanee Mts., British Columbia ; alt. 9,000 ft.;
Aug. 10, 1903. (A. N. Caudell.) “Collected upon snow.”
Type, No. 12762, U.S. N. M.
Closely allied to 7. Xincaidi Roh., but the labrum is rounded at the
apex, there is a shining area on lower inner orbits, and the antenne are
pale.
Ltycorsia luteopicta, n. sp.—@. Length, 12 mm. Anterior margin
of clypeus truncate, the sides subparallel, the angles obtusely rounded,
ee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93
surface shining, sparsely punctured ; antenne about 35-jointed, 3 subequal
to 4+5,; head shining, polished, with shallow, widely-separate punctures ;
a large impunctate spot on the lower inner orbits ; middle fovea deep,
spear-shape, with the long point above ; lateral postocellar furrows dis-
tinct, converging to the occiput, postocellar area parted by a longitudinal
furrow ; anterior lobe of mesonotum and scutel impunctate ; prothorax,
lateral lobes of mesonotum and pleure punctured like vertex ; laterally
the pronotum has a large hump ; legs normal ; venation as in Z. Kincaidt
Roh.; abdomen finely reticulate ; last ventral segment of the abdomen
almost as long as wide, the apex gently rounded. Colour reddish-brown ;
clypeus, labrum, mandibles, smooth inner orbital area, posterior orbits,
four longitudinal lines on vertex, anterior lobe of mesonotum, scutel, part
of lateral lobes, pleuree and abdomen straw-yellow ; antenne and legs
darker than body, partly brown. Wings hyaline, venation brown.
Type locality: Minn. Collection of W. H. Ashmead.
Type, No. 12763, U.S. N. M.
This species is allied to 7, dbrunnicans (Nort.), but the scape is
shorter, the last ventral segment is nearly as long as wide (not half as long
as wide as in drununicans Nort.), the labrum has a long spear-shaped
tooth (not broad with the anterior margin triangular, as in drunnicans ),
and the colour is lighter. It is not marked with black, as is 7. ochrocera
(Nort.).
THE LARCH SAW-FLY (LYG4ONEMATUS ERICHSONTI,
HARTZ.) IN MINNESOTA.
BY A. G. RUGGLES, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN.
The Larch Saw-fly has become a very serious pest on the tamaracks
in northern Minnesota. Reports of damage from several parts of the
State came to the Minnesota Entomologist’s office during the fall of 1go9.
The writer, in July, examined the damage that had been done to the
tamaracks in the State preserve of Itasca Park. This park, a primeval
forest of fifty square miles, contains within its borders Lake Itasca, the
source of the Mississippi. Attention was first attracted to the great
amount of timber, dying or dead, in the swamp regions around the shores
of the lake. At first it was thought that the trees were being killed by an
excess of water, but upon closer examination it was proved beyond a
doubt that Z. Hrichsonit was the cause. The moss under any of these
trees, on being turned over, revealed many thousands of cocoons. Under
absolutely dead trees only empty cocoons were found, but under trees
March, 1910
+ | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
showing some sign of life, both empty cocoons and those containing
living saw-fly larve were taken. The extent of the area infested by this
insect was shown by the failure to find a single tamarack tree in this park,
on high or low ground, under which, covered by the moss, were not some
of the caterpillars in their cocoons. To be sure, the park is not very
large ; nevertheless, it shows something of the distribution of the insect.
Other considerable areas east and north of the park show a like distri-
bution.
At the time of arrival in the park, July 2oth, the saw-fly larvee were ail
mature. A few days afterward they had disappeared. On going through
the woods and over the swamps one could find thousands of dead larve,
drowned in little pools of water under the trees. Brook trout ( Sa/velinus
Sontinalis, Mitch.) caught in a small brook which runs through one corner
of the park, always looked very plump, and upon examination their
stomachs proved to be gorged with saw-fly larve.
Many cocoons were collected, and by next year it should be known
whether many or any species of parasites destructive to this pest are at
work.
TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.,
The twenty-second annual meeting of the American Association of
Economic Entomologists was held at the Harvard Medical School (Brook-
line), Boston, Mass., December 28 and 29, 1909. The first session was
called to order by President W. E. Britton, of New Haven, Conn., who
presided throughout the meeting, and who delivered the annual address
on, “ The Official Entomologist and the Farmer.” The programme was
crowded with papers which were of great economic importance to the
Entomologist and the Agriculturist, although a few were more technical in
character, and dealt with some of the fundamental principles of scientific
investigation of entomological matters. A discussion of different methods
used in research work was of particular interest, as was also the reports
of the progress that is being made in the field and parasite work in New
England, for the purpose of controlling the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths.
A report by Dr. W. P. Headden, of Colorado, concerning the injury
to fruit trees caused by arsenical spraying, and the discussions that fol-_
lowed, brought out many new ideas on this important subject. An
exhibit made by the local entomologists and members which was held in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 95
an adjoining room, contained samples of apparatus and breeding devices,
as well as insect collections, which added much interest to the meeting.
On Tuesday evening the Association and the Entomological Society of
America were the guests of the Cambridge Entomological Club, and on
Thursday morning the members had the opportunity of witnessing a
spraying demonstration at Arlington with high-power sprayers, as the
guest of Mr. H. L. Frost.
The attendance at each session numbered over 100 members and
visitors, nearly every section of the United States and Canada being
represented.
The Association commended the work which is being done to control
the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths in New England, endorsed the bill
before Congress to provide for the establishment of standards of purity of
insecticides and fungicides, and advocated the passage by Congress of a
national law to prevent the importation of dangerously injurious insects
and fungus diseases from foreign countries.
The report of the Secretary showed that the Association was
increasing in membership, and was in good financial condition. The
Journal of Economic Entomology, which is the official organ of the
Association, was also reported by the business manager to be in a thriving
condition.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President,
Prof. E. D. Sanderson, Durham, N.H.; First Vice-President, Dr. H. T.
Fernald, Amherst, Mass.; Second Vice-President, Prof. P. J. Parrott,
Geneva, N. Y.; Secretary, A. F. Burgess, Washington, D. C.
SYNTOMID MOTHS WITH BANANAS.
BY J. WM. COCKLE, KASLO, BC.
The article on, the occurrence of the various forms of ceramidia, by
Prof. Cockerell, published in the February number of the Canapian En-
TOMOLOGIST, has suggested to me that many collectors could avail them-
selves of the opportunity of collecting these beautiful moths if they
were aware of the prevalence of them amongst bananas. Besides the
capture of the specimen recorded by me in the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
for 1904, I have secured at various times quite a number of cocoons of
this genus.
Pupation takes place in the centre of the bunch of bananas, the
cocoon being generally attached to the centre stalk. The pupa is enclosed
06 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
in a loose web of brown silk, and numbers of them may be found by care-
ful examination of banana stalks. Climatic changes, cold storage and
other causes may account for the very few imagoes that are seen ; and be-
sides this, the larva is attacked by a Hymenopterous parasite. Of these
latter [ have secured three specimens at different times. ‘To any one who
is interested in securing specimens of these moths, I would suggest the
plan of closely examining partially-depleted bunches of bananas when
hanging in the fruit stores, especially during the winter months, when
other sources for collecting are unavailable, and possibly in some cases
the store-keeper may be induced to keep a lookout for the cocoons if a
description of them is given him. From my own experience in a small
town where only a very limited number of bananas are sold, I am satisfied
that quite a large percentage of the bunches of fruit are infested by the
larva of these moths.
When specimens are discovered it should be an easy matter to trace
through the wholesale houses the original locality from which the fruit
was imported. In this way many valuable records may be secured.
I have suggested to Dr. Dyar that as the Kaslo specimen differs
from the other known specimens cf this genus, a description of it is
desirable.
ANOTHER APPEAL FOR EVERES COMYNTAS AND
AMYNTULA.
My appeal last year was very kindly taken up by several Canadian
entomologists, but mostly in the West. I should be very grateful for more
specimens from the Eastern States. :
The result of my examination of the specimens from the West leads
me to the conclusion that Winnipeg is about the dividing line. I received
a few very interesting specimens from Manitoba, and I should be greatly
obliged for more material from there, as also from Assiniboia and Saskat-
chewan. The forms showed a transit from comyntas to amyntula, differ-
ing in some respects from each. I should also be glad if observers could
tell me how many broods they have noticed, and whether there is a gap
between each or whether they overlap. As far as I can gather at present
there seems to be some diversity on this point in different districts.
I gladly take this opportunity of thanking my various correspondents
for their kind help.—G. I. Beruune-Baker.
Mailed March oth, i910.
a
The C anatiay Fontomalogist
VoL. XLII. LONDON, APRIL, rgro. No. 4.
GEORG" WILLIS KIRKALDY.
1873-I9I0.
The fulfilment of sad duties is the lot of man. To me has come that
of making known the death, in the flower of his manhood, of George
Willis Kirkaldy, my good friend.
After a separation of some months from his wife and little one, whom
he worshipped, he went to San Francisco, where they were, to spend the
Christmas holidays with them. While there he was induced to submit to
a fifth operation on an old fracture of the leg, and although it was suc-
cessful, he grew gradually weaker and weaker, and less than a week later,
on the 2nd of February, he breathed his last. ‘That acute intellect, that
ceaseless, untiring worker was at rest. His course was run, and he fell
ere he grasped the bays that were to crown his achievement.
George Willis Kirkaldy was born at Clapham, near London, England,
in 1873, and was therefore in his 37th year. From his youth he evinced
a great love for natural history, but after finishing his studies in the City
of London School, he went into the city, where he remained until 1903,
when he accepted a position in Honolulu, with the Hawaiian Department
of Forestry and Agriculture. Then began the happiest and most produc-
tive period of his life, and there also he met with the accident that
eventually was to deprive the world of the most promising of the younger
generation of scientific kemipterologists. Shortly after his arrival in
Honolulu, while out riding, he forgot the American rule of the road, and
turned his horse, after the English fashion, to the left as he came to a turn
in the road, and crashed into a carriage coming in the opposite direction.
His horse fell on him and crushed his leg. This was badly set, and after
the bones had knit, it had to be broken again and reset. This operation
was repeated at intervals no less than four times, the last with fatal
results. There, too, he met the lady who became his wife ; there his little
ones were born, and his little son, George, the first and best beloved, died
in infancy.
Freed from the sordid details of clerical work, in his new position he
was in his element, He did not, indeed, care greatly to work on other
Ss THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
groups of insects, and at times the daily routine of the economic
entomologist was irksome, but nevertheless, whatever he did was done
well, and he found time to dedicate to his researches in the Hemiptera,
although nearly all the work he did was done at home in the evenings,
after the day’s task was over. Yet, in spite of the limited time at his
command, he was able to produce enormous quantities of work of the
highest character. At some time in the near future [ hope to be able to
give at greater length an account of his work, For the present, I shall
merely mention his great work on the Jasside in connection with the
Sugar Planters’ Association work on the parasites of the sugar cane, and
the general Catalogue of the Hemiptera, now in course of publication,
both of which mark epochs in Hemipterology. Like every earnest worker
in the Hemiptera, the nomenclatorial chaos into which the order had
fallen soon forced itself upon his notice, and much as he disliked to
neglect the biological phases of the group, he was impelled to endeavour
to place this important branch of the subject on a stable basis. In the
pursuit of this laudable object, he was forced by the sheer logic of circum-
stances to take radical and iconoclastic measures, but he regretted just as
keenly as any of his opponents and critics the necessity of doing away with
many a name hallowed, as it were, by long usage.
Kirkaldy had all the vivacity and ardour of the Celt, which may at
times have led him to accept perhaps too quickly and maintain too
enthusiastically views which a more mature judgment showed to be
untenable. Joined to this was a relentless Scotch logical temperament,
which drove him inexorably and unswervingly to conclusions which at
times were opposed to his natural inclination, yet which his passion for
truth compelled him to accept and battle for. Above all things he hated
sham ; he loathed that spirit of pompous and’ self-sufficient importance
which curses some small men. A constant and tireless worker, a minute,
patient, resourceful student, he ever looked singly to the advancement of
the knowledge of the Heteroptera, that group so sadly and shamefully
neglected in comparison to other orders, In that bright galaxy where
shine the illustrious names of Fabricius, Burmeister, Dufour, Amyot,
Fieber, Stal, and in our days, most happily still with us, of Reuter,
Horvath, Montadon, Bergroth, his is not the dimmest, and had Azrael
held his hand, he had shone among the most brilliant.
As for me, I have lost a leal friend, an inspiration and a lode-star ;
one who encouraged me when I was faint, who helped me when I fell ; to
CC
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99
whose constant words of cheer I owe what little success I may have
achieved. Our minds moved in harmonious accord ; our gifts were com-
plementary to each other, and in so far as one so insignificant might, I
helped my friend in my small way, a feeble return for his many kindnesses.
Better than any, perhaps, I can gauge the loss to science by his
untimely death, His work planned, outlined in many a letter, carried out
with his enthusiasm, his thoroughness, his energy, was destined to place
him on the same lofty, still eminence where sits Stal alone, beyond the
reach of the petty bickerings and disputes of the pseudo-great.
** And so the grim reaper reapeth among the flowers.”—J. R. DE LA
TorrE Bueno, New York.
A DECENNIAI, CONFESSION.
BV joo Me A DRT CH, MOS COW, (T D-A HO.
In Entomological News, XI, 531, tg00, I published a list of correc-
tions to my work on Diptera up to that time; the decade since then has, I
regret to say, furnished me with materials for a similar list at the present
time. With due humility I make the following: confession :
In the February, t909, number of the CaNapiAN En'romotocist I
published a paper on Rhagoletis, describing a new species, zztrudens,
which had injured cherries in British Columbia and presumably in Idaho.
Immediately after the publication of the article, Mr. Coquillett informed
me that my new species was the same as Osten Sacken’s fasta, of which
he had material from the type locality. Since then I received a pair of
fausta from M. C. Van Duzee, collected at Kearney, Ont. There is no
doubt that I misunderstood a statement of Osten Sacken’s, where, after
mentioning the basal cross-band of the wing, he goes on to say, ‘‘The
black colour begins exactly where it does in fig. 10, and encloses a hyaline
triangle reaching from the costa to the interval between the third and fourth
veins.” Eastern specimens prove that this statement refers to the black
colour in general, not to the basal cross-vein.
In the same article I should have included in the table Rhagoletis
grindelie Coquillett, (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IX, 146,) reared from flower-
heads of Grindelia sguarrosa at Clarendon, Texas; it is readily dis-
tinguished from all the species in my table by having the scutellum wholly
black. ‘The life-history of Rhagoletis suavis Loew, was already known,
having been published by Babb, (Ent. News, XIII, 242) ; the larva lives in
the outer hull of growing walnuts at Amherst, Mass. So there are six
species with larval habits known, instead of four.
April, 1910
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
In Transactions of the American Ent. Soc., XXXIV, 67-100, 1908, I
published in conjunction with one of my students, P. S. Darlington, a re-
vision of the Helomyzide. The Zecoptomera americana Datrl., therein
described is a synonym of £. simplex, described four years earlier by
Coquillett from Nevada, and overlooked by us. The genus Si/igo, Ald.,
in the same paper is a synonym of Zagonia, Coq., (Invert. Pacif., 27), and
belongs to the Geomyzide, as correctly placed by Coquillett. My species
oregona appears to be distinct from his fava; my /itorea, however, is a
Geomysa, differing in the dark body colour and bristles, and narrower
cheeks. The genus Geomyza has not heretofore been reported from
North America, but I have three species from the California region and
a single specimen of a fourth species from Lawrence, Kans. Named
European specimens of Geomysa in Professor Melander’s collection put
me right on this genus. My ignorance of the family Geomyzidw was
responsible for my mistake; there is really a close relation between
Helomyzidz and Geomyzide, some of the latter having setules on the
costa. The main difference is in the auxiliary vein, distinct in Helomyzide,
not so in Geomyzide. I drew the wing of Si/igo from a specimen
mounted in balsam, wherein the pressure of the cover-glass had separated
the auxiliary and first veins to an abnormal extent. It was a consolation
to read since the discovery of my error that Loew once described a
Geomyza lurida, which on examination of the type turns out to be a Zerfa
(Czerny, Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXII, 126)!
In Biologia Centrali-americana, Diptera, I, 342, I described a genus
of Dolichopodidw under the name /Ay/archus. Not having the current
numbers of the Zoological Record at hand, I did not know that Simon had
used the name fora spider in 1888. My fly of course cannot maintain her
ground before a spider, hence I propose the genus PROARCHUS to re-
place PAylarchus for the fly.
In some notes on Sce//us (Ent. News, XVIII, 135), I stated that I had
collected Sce//us vigi/ on trunks of trees. ‘The statement was made from
memory, and I now believe that I never collected it except on walls of the
University buildings at Moscow, fi/iferus being the one that frequents pine
trunks in this region. Thus my observations correspond entirely with
Osten Sacken’s,
In CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, XXXVI, 46, I undertook to determine
what name should be used in the place of Psi/opus of authors, which has
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101
been asserted for a generation or two to be preoccupied. Iam glad, indeed,
to learn (Sherborn’s Index Animalium, quoted by Bezzi, Wien. Ent. Zeit.,
XXVI, 53), that the use of the term Psz/opus by Poli in Mollusca in 1795
was not in a nomenclatural sense, and hence does not constitute a pre-
occupation of the name, which should therefore stand for the dipterous
genus.
WISCONSIN BEES—NEW AND LITITLE-KNOWN SPECIES.
BY S. GRAENICHER, PUBLIC MUSEUM, MILWAUKEE.
Perdita F. Smith.
In the eastern part of Wisconsin this genus is poorly represented. In
the region around Milwaukee only two species have been met with so far,
one of these /. maura Ckll., and the other a new species described below.
Along the St. Croix River, in the north-western corner of the State, three
species were obtained (Milw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped.), two of which are
new, while the third, P. Brwneri Ckll., had up to the present time not been
found farther east than Nebraska. It is more than probable that careful
collecting along the western border of Wisconsin will add some more
species of Perdita to the bee fauna of our State.
Lerdita pallidipennis, n. sp.
Female.— Length about 8 mm. This is a third member of the
albipennis-lacteipennis group. Head and thorax blue-green. Front and
vertex dull, face, thorax and abdomen shining. Mandibles curved as in
albipennis, with reddish tips. Gn the clypeus a yellow spot on each side
in addition to the cuneate-yellow median line. Adjoining the clypeus a
yellow mark on each side of the face. Scape in front, a line on prothorax,
and tubercles yellow. Flagellum black, a trace of reddish near the tip.
Legs dark, with no yellow markings, except on the knees of front and
middle legs. ‘Tegule yellowish on the upper half, brown below. Wings
white, nervures and stigma pale. Abdomen black, usually lighter on the
apical depressions of the segments. On the first segment a small yellow
dot on each side, situated on the margin. A subbasal yellow band,
narrowed medially, cn each of the four succeeding segments, interrupted |
on segments 2, 3 and 4, or at least on 2 and 3. Pygidium dark brown,
shining. Pubescence of vertex and mesonotum yellowish and erect, long
on the vertex, short on the mesonotum. On cheeks and pleure the hairs
are white and long, those on the legs of a dirty-yellow colour,
April, rg910 ,
we THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Male.—Slightly smaller than the female. Pubescence white all over.
No median yellow line on the clypeus, and the lateral marks are smaller
than in the female. These are connected with each other by a yellow line
along the apical border of the clypeus. ‘The lateral face marks are small,
the yellow line on the scape is inconspicuous or nearly absent, and the
same is true of the yellow line on the prothorax. No yellow on tubercles.
Legs coloured as in the female. Yellow of the abdomen confined to a
small lateral spot on each side of the second segment, situated on the
margin, and similar, exceedingly small spots on the margins of the third
segment, and rarely of the first as well. Pygidium reddish yellow.
Types : Mouth of Yellow River, Burnett Co., Wis., July 28-31. 1909.
(Nos. 31730 and 31731.)
Paratypes: One male, mouth of Yellow River, July 28-31, 1909 ;
four males and two females, Kettle River Rapids, Aug. 4, 1909, and one
male, Randall, Aug. 5, 1909, all of these localties in Burnett Co. along the
St. Croix River. Specimens in the collection of the Milw. Publ. Museum.
They were taken on the flowers of Rudbeckia hirta and Helianthus
occidentalis. This species is distinct from P. a/bipennis Cr. and P.
lacteipennis Swenk & Cockerell, one of its main characters being dark legs
with a trace of yellow around the knees only.
Ferdita maculipennts, n. sp.
Female.—Length 6 to 7 mm. Head and thorax dark green, legs and
abdomen brownish-black with yellow markings. Body clothed with white
pubescence, longest on legs and tip of abdomen. Wings white, with a
conspicuous black dot in the stigma.
Head broader than long. Flagellum black above, reddish-yellow
below. Scape light yellow in front, Clypeus yellow with two longitudinal
black bars, not reaching the apex. Lateral yellow face-marks triangular,
running half way up the face. Apex of triangle rounded or truncate, the
base often emarginate. ‘These face-marks are very variable ; in one speci-
men on one side of the face a division into two small spots is noticeable.
Mandibles yellow, with reddish tips. ‘Tubercles, tegulw and two spots on
prothorax yellow. The metathorax has a more bluish tinge than the rest
of the thorax. Abdomen with two yellow spots on the first and interrupted
yellow cross bands on the anterior half of the second, third, and fourth
segments. ‘The spots on the first segment may be absent, and the bands
on the remaining segments may be so widely interrupted as to form small
spots only. Pygidium reddish. In front and middle legs, tips of femora,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103
anterior surfaces of tibiz and metatarsi yellow. Hind legs without distinct
yellow markings. Wings milky-white, with pale veins and stigma. An
oval black spot in the stigma takes up the greater part of its area, leaving
only a portion of the base, and a narrow strip along the costa unoccupied.
Type taken August 13, 1905, at Milwaukee, Wis., flying around its
nest in sandy soil. (No. 31740.)
Fourteen paratypes, Aug. 6 and 13, 1905, and June 30, 1906, from
the same locality, all of them obtained in the vicinity of their nests.
This species is easily recognized on account of the black spot in the
stigma, a character which it has in common with P. macudigera Ckll., but
the latter is a yellow insect with dark markings, while in macudipennis the
dark predominates.
Perdita citrinella, n. sp.
Female.—Length about 6 mm. Pale lemon-yellow with a greenish
tinge in the metathoracic region, and black marks which are distributed as
follows : Ocelli, a spot, usually diamond-shaped on each side of the front,
situated half-way between the upper ocellus and the base of the antenne ;
between this spot and the eye a narrow line extending to a point opposite
the base of the antenne ; a large spot on the thorax underneath, occupy-
ing the area between the anterior and middle cox (mesosternum) and a
smaller spot in front of this (prosternum), both spots reaching the pleural
region ; on the margin of the second abdominal segment a short slender
line ; on the anterior surface of each femur a conspicuous shining longi-
tudinal band. These markings are more or less developed in all of the
specimens, and in addition to these some specimens show a dark color-
ation of the sutures of the face and thorax, a black spot on the hind sur-
faces of the hind tibie near the tip, black hind tarsi, and narrow black
apical bands across the abdominal segments, dorsally as also ventrally.
In the latter case the bands are more in the basal region of the segments.
There may be also two or more minute black dots on the clypeus.
Antenne reddish below, black above. Mandibles yellow, with reddish or
brownish tips. Pygidium reddish-brown. Wings white, with light veins
and stigma. Soft white pubescence on legs, lower part of thorax and apex
of abdomen, moderately close on legs, otherwise sparse.
Type: August 13, 1909, North Hudson, St. Croix Co., Wis. (No.
30389.)
Six paratypes, Aug. 13 and 14, 1909, at the same locality. Type and
paratypes in the collection of the Milw. Publ. Museum,
ot THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
This bee collects pollen from the flowers of Peta/ostemum villosum
(Leguminosa). There are two western species, 7. perpallida Ckll., and
P. wootone Ckll., which are evidently extremely close to P. citrine//a, but
which collect pollen from different plants. The three seem to be very un-
stable in their colour characters, they have probably originated from the
same ancestral form within comparatively recent times, and the fact that
they visit different flowers in the regions where they have been observed,
so far, does not exclude the possibility of their belonging to one species
only. falictoides Nove-anglie for example obtains pollen at Waldoboro,
Maine, from the flowers of Pontederia cordata only, as reported by Mr.
John H. Lovell (Psyche XIII, p. 112), at Milwaukee and at Cedar Lake,
Washington Co., Wis. (about 30 miles north-west of Milwaukee). I have
never seen it collecting pollen from the flowers of any other plant but
Monarda fistulosa, and in Burnett Co. in the north-western part of
Wisconsin I repeatedly saw it visiting the flowers of Agastache faniculum
for the same purpose.
(To be continued.)
A CORRECTION,
In the January number of the Canaptan Entomo.oocist, p. 8, the
late Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy corrected some preoccupied generic names in
insects. Among these he proposed Americides for Dryope Ch., the latter
name being preoccupied in Diptera and. Crustacea. However, Mr. Karl
R. Coolidge had already proposed Dryoferia for Dryope Chamb. See
Entomological News, Vol. XX, p. 112.—W. G. Dietz.
Esperanto, the international language, if it has not done so before,
has at last invaded the entomological field. Mr. Tor Helliesen, of the
Museum in Stavanger, Norway, has just published a list of Coleoptera
new to that country, and has added a resumé in Esperanto.—H. §,
SAUNDERS.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105
SYNONYMICAL AND OTHER NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
BY THOS L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.
The fact that some important catalogues of the Coleoptera of the
world are about to be published, renders it desirable to afford all the aid
possible to the compilers of these lists, by making known such apparent
synonymy relating to published species, as may have come to light since
their appearance in the literature of the subject. The writer has therefore
endeavoured to do his part, as far as the course now seems clear and
evident to him, in the following notes.
The recent catalogue of the Staphylinid genera by Dr. Eichelbaum
(Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XVII) is a very welcome summary, although
personally, my position is undesirably conspicuous in regard to the number
of generic names proposed, and I had hoped to be overshadowed in this
respect by some other specialists in the family. A reduction of the
number ascribed to the writer is therefore in order, although some already
reduced to synonymy, such as Eumitocerus Csy., which is a synonym of
Trichophya, are restored by Dr. Eichelbaum inadvertently, and one, at
least, reduced by the compiler, i.e. A/yrmobiota, will have to be restored
to full generic rank, as it has very little to do with Homeusa. Dr. Eichel-
baum would also have done well to place Liparocepha/us in the
Aleocharine near Phyfosus, which is its true systematic position.
In regard to emendations, the author has been very liberal; but, in
my opinion, no generic word should be emended at all. Generic words
are not a part of language to any greater extent than the x, y, z of algebra.
They are merely pronounceable symbols formed by combinations of letters,
although in many cases their derivation, or intended derivation, from
certain words, either of classic or barbaric origin, is sufficiently evident.
Not being strictly a part of language however, they should be withdrawn
from rules of etymology, in order to prutect them from _ possible
emendators of diverging views ;—that is if stability in the fundaments of
nomenclature is to be maintained. It is highly desirable, and ought to be
compulsory, that the generic symbol should have an ending conforming to
the Latin language, in order to determine gender in the specific word; but
just how such a rule could be enforced is rather difficult to imagine. In
the fixing of gender for species names the general Latin rule should be
applied, but without those exceptions which always occur in actual
April, 1910
106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
language. The word Venus, for example, when used as a generic symbol
is merely a combination of letters without meaning, and the species names
should be given the masculine ending. So, genera ending in soma or
derma should have the feminine ending in the specific names, without
regard to the gender of such words in the Greek. Generic symbols, even
if considered a part of language, could not be Greek, but, as soon as
taken into the nomenclatorial scheme, become Latin, which should be
the sole source of specific words. ‘These species names always have a
meaning and therefore assume a different status from generic symbols ;
they can and should be altered if necessary to give the meaning intended
by their author.
Looking through the pages of this catalogue I would propose the
following changes :
Hyptioma Csy., p. 162, is a synonym of /folisus Erichs.; the species
Cubensis seems however to be valid. This error in the generic name
indicates one of the disadvantages of working without full literature at
hand, as the writer has been forced to do on many occasions ; but, in this
case, although resulting in a synonym, there is a certain advantage in
having a perfectly independent estimate of the systematic position of the
genus, which seemed to be a Xantholinid and not closely related to the
Cafius series.
The genera Zerasota and Zaphrodota, p. 242, are subdivisions of
Aloconota.
Luromota, p. 242, and Anepsiota, p. 236, are valid subgenera of
Atheta, as this genus is supposed to be constituted by recent authors, I
do not agree with those who place so many heterogeneous elements under
the genus Athefa, and believe that the ideas expressed in the older
catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise are far nearer to the truth,
There such names as Acrotona, Liogluta, Aloconota, Amischa and some
others, stand for genera in the full sense of the word, each with numerous
subgenera.
Macroterma, p. 242, is a valid subgenus of Athefa in its comprehen-
sive sense. The species dentata, of Bernhauer (Atheta), is smaller and
narrower than a/utacea Csy., and the two are not very closely related.
Homalotusa, p. 242, is also a subgenus of Atheta, near Liogluta.
Elytrusa, p. 235, may or may not be the same as A/egista, for 1 am
by no means certain that the type is identical with the type of Jfegista
Rey ; it however is at best a subgenus, very closely allied to Afegista,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107
Achromota, p. 254, does not belong to the Aleocharini but to the
Myrmedoniini and is a synonym of 4cro/ona.
Eurypronota, p. 235, is a valid subzenus of Aztheta near Acrotona.
If the present Athefa were properly divided generically, it would be a
subgenus of Acrotona.
Colposura, p. 236, and Valenusa, p. 242, are valid gubgenera of
Atheta near Amischa. Amischa is really a valid genus, of which the two
mentioned might be regarded as subgenera.
Athetota, p. 236, is a synonym of Anepsiota.
Platyusa, p. 223, is a synonym of AZyrmedonia. This synonym
was announced many years ago, but was overlooked by Dr. Eichelbaum.
(See Ann, N. Y. Acad. Sci, VII, p. 322).
Nototaphra, p. 222, has dorsal sexual tuberosities of the male
abdomen similar to those of A7yrmecia, but it differs in the formation of
the sterna between the middle cox, in the very fine close punctures of
the upper surface and in the smaller basal joint of the antenne. If
Myrmecia be regarded as a subgenus of AZyrmedonia, Nototaphra would
be another subgenus ; if, however, JZyrmecia is a distinct genus, as I hold
to be true, then Wofotaphra is also distinct.
Myrmobiota, p. 250, is a genus wholly distinct from Momeusa, and
has a markedly different habitus. The specimen sent to Dr. Wasmann
by Mr. Wickham under that generic name, and upon which the former
gained his opinion of A/yrmobiota, was certainly Homeusa and not
Myrmobiota. have neverseen this specimen, Soltusa, p. 250, might be
regarded as a subgenus of Homeusa, but its type, crznztu/a, bears not the
slightest resemblance to AZyrmodiota, and has only a general similarity
with the type of omeusa. Wr. Kichelbaum should certainly make these
corrections in the interest of fruth.
The above notes will determine certain points which could not very
well be settled, because of the isolated nature of the descriptions. There
are, however, many names which I have published as genera in systematic
work, such as those under the comprehensive genus A/eochara and under
Falagria, the weight of which as genera or subgenera can be determined
very well from the context. Very recent writers will probably be disposed
to hold them for the most part as subgenera, but [ am sure that more
painstaking study would convince them that they are in great part true
genera. It can only be said that for the present their systematic weight is
a subject of disagreement.
Los THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Some years ago, in the Canapian Ewromoocist, I explained that
the generic name De/ius Fauv., p. 194 (Rev. G’Ent., 1899, p. 15), is
preoccupied by De/ius Csy., in the Scydmenide (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,
1897, P- 497) ; as no substitution has been made for the Fauvelian name,
I would propose De/iodes (nom. nov.) for the Delius of Fauvel.
The following are some additional synonymic notes on _ the
Staphylinide ;
The Ocyusa asperu/a Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1893, p. 305)
appears to have been redescribed by Dr. Bernhauer under the name
brevipennis.
Aleochara Kansana Csy., (Tr. Acad, Sci., St. Louis, 1906, p. 141) is
a synonym of ed/ipsicollis Csy. (l.c., p. 142).
After Baryodma castanapennis (\.c., p. 152) read Mann., instead of
* Esch,”
The name Baryodma densiventris Csy., (l.c., p. 158) is preoccupied
by Bernhauer, and I would therefore substitute for it the name Aumboldti
(nom. nov.).
Eucharina rugosa Csy., (l.c., p. 166) may be regarded as a synonym
of sudcicod/is Mann. :
Echochara lucifuga Csy., (l.c., p. 177) originally placed in Rheochara
(Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 1893, p. 288) was redescribed by Garman (Psyche,
1894, p. 81) under the name Ca/odera cavicola.
The subgeneric name Zachyusi/la Csy., (l.c., p. 213) is a synonym of
Ca/liusa Rey.
Lissagria minuscula Csy., (l.c., p. 254) is a subspecies of robusia
Csy.
Falagriota lucida Csy., (l.c., p. 257) is a synonym of ocetdua Csy.
After Gyrophena flavicornis, (\.c., p. 291) for “n. sp.” read Mels.
Homadlotusa pallida (\.c., p. 342) is a synonym of fuseu/a Csy.
In the latest European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, the
genus which I called Ziu/issus Mann., (!.c., p. 379), is named Gauroplerus
Thoms.; but in the catalogue of Dr. E:chelbaum this decision is reversed,
Gauropterus being given as a synonym of L£u/issus. There is some
obscure point to be cleared up here, it would seem.
Leptacinus rubricollis Csy., (l.c., p. 400) is preoccupied by Reitter
(1899); but, as these names may possibly apply to what might be regarded
as a single species, I hesitate to substitute another name at the present
time,
——_
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109
Diaulota insolita Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, p. 355) is
a synonym of densissima Csy.
After Lathrobium amplipenne (Tr. Acad. St. Louis, XV, p. 81) insert
oo) ees} 0
The substitution of 4stenus Steph., for Swnzus Erichs., is one of those
rigorous applications of the laws of priority which it is very difficult to
adopt with any degree of complacency, -because, throughout almost the
entire literature of the subject, the genus has been known under the name
Sunius, and, in this special case, because the word Astenws is very mis-
leading if we look atit etymologically. There are some other iconoclastic
changes of names, especially in the Pselaphide, which seem to be equally
unnecessary. I believe fully in the law of priority, but do not think it can
be made quite so rigid as the law of gravitation ; and, that when a name
has become established through very long and extensive usage, in fact
universally empleyed, it should not be changed unless there can be no
shadow of doubt as to the necessity for doing so, and of this we should be
made aware by the publication, coincidentally with the proposed change,
of all the facts and original descriptions which apparently compel it, so
that everyone may be enabled to forin his own opinion,
The following notes synonymic and otherwise are appended :
SCYDMAINIDAL.
Lumicrus cruralis Csy., (Ann. N. Y. Acad., IX, p. 534) isa synonym
of ochreatus Csy.
COCCINELLIDZ:.
In a paper published recently by the writer (Can. Ent., XL, p. 393)
a few errors and misprints occur which require correction as follows :
On pp. 397, 400 for “ Zzléputana” read /liputana.
On p. 399, 19 |. from bottom, for ‘‘ met-episterna ” read met-epimera.
On p. 400, 4 1. from top, for ‘‘parenthests” read apicalis.
On p. 409, 3 1. from top, for “cactz” read plagiatum.
On p. 413. The species described under the name Arachyacanutha
metator does not belong to that genus, but is a member of the genus
fyperaspis, belonging near jocosa and Leprati, which have a habitus -so
nearly that of Brachkyacantha that it did not occur to me to examine the
anterior legs.
Scymnus subsimilis Csy., (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 150) is a
synonym or slight variety of avzdus (I.c., p. 146).
Ho THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Seymnus Calaveras Csy., (1c., p). 150) may be regarded as a synonym
of fenutvestis (\.c., p. 151).
BUPRESTIDE.
In my recent paper (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Xl) on p. 49, line 22
from top, and again on p. 115, line 15 from top, for “ ornata” read
decora.
TENEBRIONID.
Metoponium /aticolleand faustum Csy., (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
IX, pp. 291, 292) are subspecies of abuorme Lec.
Metoponium congruens and anceps Csy., (l.c., pp. 293, 294) may be
regarded as subspecies of perforatum Csy.
Metoponium subsimile Csy., (lc, p. 295) is a subspecies of socium
Csy. :
Steriphanus alutaceus and peropacus Csy., (lc., pp. 348, 349) are
probably slight varietal or racial forms of swbepacus Horn,
Steriphanus unicolor Csy., (\.c., p. 346) is not more than a subspecies
of convexus Lec.
In describing the elytra of Bothrotes pertinax Csy., (Le., p. 405)
it is stated that the impressed lines are wanti:g except apically; this is a
mistake, due probably to inadvertently observing some other specimen,
for, in the type of fertinax, the impressed lines are very well developed.
Metopoloba contaminans Csy, (lc. p. 418) is a synonym of
subleviceps Csy.
On p. 463 (lc.), it is stated that my description of Zopherus
Haldemant is apparently the first full diagnosis to be published, but this is
an error, as the species had becn satisfactorily described by Horn many
years before, under the name Z nodu/osus, Sol.
Phiwodes latipennis Csy, (Can. Ent., 1907) is a synonym of
pustulosus, Lec.
Additional specimens of Mesostes robustus Lec., (Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci., X, p. 59), recently received, show that the elytra are not polished
on the apical declivity in all examples, but in some are opaque
throughout; evidence seems to indicate that the entirely opaque individuals
are males.
The recent paper on Diflotaxis, by Mr. Fall (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.),
answers a want long felt in a genus which has been almost as much of an
enigma as Brachynus, so far as the identification of species is concerned.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 111
The annoyance caused by the numerous, and at times rather obtrusive,
misprints, which have come to be somewhat characteristic of its medium
of publication, is offset to some extent by the more satisfactory typographic
form, the new dress being more becoming than the old. I notice that Mr.
Fall makes use of a word wmbone, to express a protuberanee of the surface;
this word also occurs frequently in the writings of Dr. Horn and others.
On consulting the dictionaries, I find that the word wzmdo, which has been
adopted by the English language directly from the Latin, has, for a French
equivalent, w#bon and Italian wmbone; but it is not quite apparent why
we should use the Italian word in preference to the Anglo Latin wmbo,
which is shorter, more rational and less liable to be mistaken for an
English singular of the Latin plural wmbones, if perchance construed as
forming two syllables instead of three.
It is also impossible to confirm the correctness of the geographic
name ‘‘ Baboquivaria” used by Mr. Fall and others. The atlases give
either Baboquivari or Babuquivari, the latter form in Steiler’s Handatlas.
The form “ Baboquivaria” is only quotable from the pin-labels of our
genial and old-time friend Prof. Snow, and was presumably so printed
under misapprehension.
It would seem to be almost time that the true value of the synonymical
list of my early species published by Dr. Horn, and embodied in the
Henshaw List, should have become known to systematists. I drew
attention to the unreliability of this list in one of my papers published in
the Bulletin of the California Academy, and it would be scarcely worth
while to allude to it again, were it not necessary to remark that in blindly
following the synonymy indicated by Dr. Horn, the author of the work on
Diplotaxis has fallen into an error, which he might have avoided had he
read my description cf D. /evicuZa, and not taken it for granted that it was,
as stated by Dr. Horn, identical with the puzctata, of LeConte, inhabiting
a different region : for Mr. Fall does not admit that pwzcfafa occurs in
Arizona, and yet places /evicu/a, from Arizona, as a synonym of that
“Texan species. On comparing my type with LeConte’s material many
years ago, I made up my mind that it was closely related to cardbonata.
A perusal of Mr. Fall’s paper indicates that he has redescribed it under
the name rafiola. This name is therefore in all probability a synonym of
levicula.
In Mr. Fall’s Revision of the Ptinide (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, XXXI, p.
274), the author has apparently strained pretty hard to make a synonym
112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
of my Cenocara occidens, and it is almost needless to say that he is in
error. Occidens is one of the smallest known species of Caenocara and is
always pale brownish-testaceous in colour. 1 compared it carefully with
the actual type of Ca/i/ornica Lec., and the two have no mutual resem-
blance whatever, Ca/ifornica being much larger and black in colour, as
stated by LeConte. The pubescence may have given it a brownish
tinge to Mr. Blanchard, but the integuments are black.
In his treatment of my Pti/inus flavipennis, in this paper (p. 281),
Mr. Fall also displays a decided lack of liberality in the absence of positive
knowledge, for it is true beyond any legitimate question, that /¢i/inus flavi-
pennts is nota synonym of dasa/is Lec., but is a separate and distinct
species.
» It is seldom that I have attempted to assume the role of critic of the
work of my fellows in the field of morphological classification, although
frequently being forced to defend my own work from attack, when the
motive therefor seemed unjust or the reason ill-founded. Having done so
much work himself in this field, the writer feels only too acutely the
uncertainty of the results of our labours and of our helplessness in the
presence of the undecipherable ; for we know not a whit of the meaning
or origin of it all. The recent work of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell on the genus
Eleodes tempts me, however, to make a few observations, which J trust
will be taken in good part, as they are given in a spirit wholly friendly to
the author and in no way as captious criticism.
This work stands alone in the minute and careful study bestowed
upon the subject and in its remarkable array of detail. Its degree of
departure from the actual truth, so far as indicating the total number of
species and subspecies which the author had before him is concerned, is of
course a part of his own individual perceptiveness and methods of reasoning
and would be viewed differently by every investigator ; no two would
probably agree, but I think it can be truly said that Dr. Blaisdell has tried
to steer an ultra-conservative course, and that in his inner conscience he
really felt that there were many more forms that should be given places in
the taxonomic scheme than he quite dared to make known. This can be
inferred, at least, from the fact that so many species or subspecies are
presented to us under the term “ forma,” which he modestly states are not
to be perpetuated in the catalogue but are only intended as convenient
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113
references ; but if he did not think that many of them would be perforce
adopted, he could much more simply have stated forma A, forma B and
soon. Asa matter of fact, it is these formas that have prompted me to
write this notice, for it is very difficult to understand how some of them
can fail to find their way into the catalogue as legitimate taxonomic units,
such for instance as Faradlonicus under parvicollis, Cataline under
omissus, interstitialis under carbonarius, annectans under obsoletus,
ordinatus under filosus and in many other similar cases. Indeed it
becomes evident that these formas, which in many instances have been
given perfectly distinctive and proper names, may produce much trouble
and confusion, and I would strongly advise the author to issue a supplement
in which he definitely states which of them he would have perpetuated as
subspecies and which are to be conclusively dropped ; for that they all
have the status at least of subspecies cannot for a moment be held in
dispute, when we view such conservatism as prompted him to write
porcatus as a variety of obsoletus, or brunnipes as a variety of pimelioides,
instead of giving them their evidently proper status as distinct species.
In this connection it should be stated that compositus Csy., is by no
means a form of Azspilabris, as was in fact admitted by the author himself
when he viewed the type in my collection, though unfortunately not until
after his monograph had appeared in print. It is a wholly distinct and
isolated species, not closely related in any way to Aispilabris, and this
remark can be repeated in regard to e/egans Csy., an isolated species
referred by Dr. Blaisdell to dentipes, which it does not in the least
resemble.
The amount of conscientious work made obvious by the extremely
detailed account of the sexual characters, is most unusual in systematic
studies of this kind; but, although a very interesting contribution to
morphology, it must be held to be of comparatively little practical utility
in determining species ; to even thoroughly understand it, one would be
compelled to devote almost as much time to painstaking dissection as that
expended by the author himself.
In conclusion there are but twe other points which might be alluded
to in reluctantly criticising this voluminous monograph, the first relating to -
the title, which is so lengthy as to be objectionable to the bibliographers ;
it is a mistake to try to describe the scope of a paper so minutely in the
title itself. The second relates to the gender given the specific names,
ll4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
which, to follow the general rule for genera ending in odes, should be
masculine and not feminine.*
ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF BALANININI, TYCHIINI AND
RELATED TRIBES.
BY THOS, L. CASEY, WASHINGTON, D. C.
A recent rearrangement of my somewhat extensive material in the
genus Balaninus, shows that we have been misinterpreting the species
described by Say under the name recfus, which, as identified in most
cabinets, is of slender form, with a thin and strongly arcuate rostrum, very
abundant in Arizona, and, as represented by closely allied species,
extending as far to the eastward as the Atlantic seaboard. The description
of Say shows that the true rectus has a long and almost perfectly straight
rostrum, bent downward only at tip. Two specimens from West Virginia
before me undoubtedly represent this species, which is not at all closely
related to the form which we have been calling rectus, but is more nearly
allied to guercus. A desire to rectify this very radical error is the principal
reason for publishing the following short study, in which quite a number of
other species, hitherto undescribed, are also made known. A few Tychiini
and related forms, believed to be new, are appended, in addition. Meas-
urements exclude the rostrum, the length of the latter being the distance
from the tip to the eyes in a straight line, or a chord of the are.
Tribe BALANININI.
Balaninus Germ.
A—Rostrum (2) much longer than the body.
* First funicular joint shorter than the second.
B. hariolus n. sp.— Body slender, dark rufo-piceous throughout, the
prothorax blackish ; vestiture tawny-yellow, more hair-like and sparser ‘at
each side of the median line and on the flanks of the prothorax, rather
*Since this was written Dr. Blaisdell has published (Ent. News, 1910, p. 60)
some additional notes on Eleodes, in which my suggestion given above has been
carried out to some extent, four of his formas being given permanent rank as
varieties. He seems however to be just a little hazy in his ideas concerning
priority, stating that nitidus Csy., published many years ago, is a variety of
amplus Blaisd., published in his monograph of 1909. The species name is of
course nitidus, amplus becoming a variety of ni/idus and not a species, if that be
the true relationship between them, I may also add that there is no close
relationship whatever between dentipes and subcylindricus, and the latter is clearly
a distinct species.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115
faintly mottled with pale brown on the elytra ; beak (f) curved down-
ward beyond the middle, rather stout, gradually thicker basally; prothorax
rather longer than wide, moderately narrowed at apex, finely, very densely
punctate throughout ; scutellum narrow, densely pubescent, pale brown ;
elytra three-fifths longer than wide, somewhat strongly narrowed from the
moderately prominent humeri to the apex, the apices individually rounded;
strize but little more than a fourth as wide as the flat intervals, strongly
and very closely punctate at the bottom, the intervals finely, closely punc-
tate ; fifth male ventral feebly impressed, with the apex moderately sinuate
and briefly, sinuately beveled. Length, ¢, 8.0-8.5 mm.; width, 3.2-3.8
mm.; Length of rostrum, ¢, 5.4 mm. ‘Types without locality-labéel, but
probably from Indiana.
Resembles caryatrypes Boh., as usually identified in our collections,
but smaller, less stout and more acuminate, with slightly coarser elytral
strize, much shorter legs and shorter beak ; in the species mentioned the
fifth ventral of the male is truncate medially at tip.
B. cylindricollis n. sp.—Moderately slender, piceous-black throughout
the body and beak, the legs slightly paler; vestiture dense, almost uniform
in colour and pale gray ; beak ( 2 ) rather thick but almost filiform, but little
thickened basally, straight, becoming very gradually and extremely feebly
bent beyond the middle ; prothorax much longer than wide, scarcely three-
fourths as wide as the elytra, parallel, very moderately narrowed apically,
densely punctate ; scutellum concolorous ; elytra one-half longer than
wide, the oblique sides arcuate ; apices each rounded, the humeri well
exposed, rounded ; striz about a fourth as wide as the intervals, with the
punctures moderate, each bearing a pale scale, the intervals not quite flat,
very finely, not very densely punctate. Length, 9, 7.5 mm.; width, 3.0
mm.; length of rostrum, 9, 9.4 mm. Tennessee.
Differs from the female of caryatryfes in its much smaller size, more
slender form, uniform vestiture, shorter and nearly straight beak, apically
unconstricted prothorax and in general facies to a very striking degree.
** First funicular joint longer than the second except in cuneatus.
{Beak extremely slender, filiform, not at all enlarged basally, the antenne
(2) inserted behind the middle; pygidium ( 3 ) excavated.
B. cuneatus 0. sp.—F orm moderately stout, piceous-black, the beak
and legs dark testaceous ; antenne long and very slender, the first and
second funicular joints long and as nearly as discernible perfectly equal
in length, each a little shorter than the third and fourth combined ;
116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
prothorax fully two-fifths wider than long, parallel basally, strongly and
obliquely narrowed in apical half, densely, rather finely punctate
throughout, the yellowish-brown vestiture somewhat close but in great part
coarsely hair-like ; elytra about one-half longer than wide, cuneiform, with
arcuate sides, rather prominent humeri, somewhat fine, punctured strie
and wide, flat and closely but not deeply punctate intervals, the vestiture of
elongate scales dense, yellowish gray, with irregular mottling of pale
brown, more distinct than in guercus, wholly concealing the surface.
Length, ¢, 8.8 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. West Virginia.
A little stouter than guercus, to which it is allied, and with the beak
about similar in length and curvature, but differing in the very long and
perfectly equal first two funicular joints, and in the denser and more
squamiform vestiture of the elytra.
The following is a subspecies of guercus :
B. sparsellus n. subsp.—Nearly similar throughout to gwercus, but
with the elytra more cuneiform, more elongate and more gradually acute
behind, and with the second funicular joint ( 4 ) but little shorter than the
first. Length, ¢, 8.5 mm.; width, 3.6 mm. New Jersey.
In guercus the elytra are less elongate, more rounded at the sides,
more obtuse at apex and with the first funicular joint in both sexes very
much longer than the second. The elytral vestiture does not fully
conceal the surface. Qwuercus is abundant from Massachusetts to West
Virginia.
B. rectus Say.—Somewhat larger and more elongate than gwercus,
blackish, the elytra, legs and beak red-brown ; vestiture pale brownish-
yellow, in the form of very stout subsquamiform hairs but much more
elongate than in gwercus, similarly in condensed patches on the elytra,
elsewhere darker and sparse, not concealing the surface ; beak (9?) very
long, slender, perfectly straight to within a short distance of the apex
where it is bent downward ; antenne very slender, the first funicular
joint much longer than the second ; prothorax about a third wider than
long, the sides subangulate at the middle, thence slightly diverging (not
parallel as in guercus) to the base and strongly sinuately converging to the
apex ; punctures dense, deep and rather coarse, the median line narrowly
impunctate ; elytra as in guercus but with less fine and more coarsely
punctured striw, and less closely, asperulately punctulate intervals.
Length, 2, 9.2-9.4 mm.; width, 3.9 mm ; length of rostrum, 2, 10.5-11.0
mm. West Virginia.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117
Differs from guercus in its relatively longer, in great part perfectly
straight, beak, longer pubescence, form of the prothorax and in other
characters ; from orthorhynchus Chit, it may be known at once by its
very much larger size, being of three or four times the bulk. One of the
two specimens before me has the singular thread-like ovipositor, with its
biungulate clasping extremity, protruded as described by Dr. Horn (Proc.
Ann. Phil. Soc., XIII, p. 457).
{{Beak very slender though slightly thicker basally ; antenne ( g ) inserted
at or slightly beyond the middle; pygidium ( 3) not excavated.
The following species have a narrow elongate fusiform outline, with
the prothorax less markedly narrower than the elytra than usual, and are
all much smaller and more slender than caxy@ Horn, which belongs to the
same section as defined above.
B. auriger n. sp.—Moderately slender, convex, piceous-black to dark
testaceous, densely clothed with narrow pale golden scales, denser in two
pronotal vittee and having a bright lustre in the condensed subtransverse
elytral macule, of which one, especially conspicuous, is generally well-
defined behind the middle, the darker areas clothed sparsely with dark
hair-like vestiture ; antennz (¢) inserted at about the middle of the beak,
(} at just behind basal third, the first funicular joint much longer than
_ the second; prothorax nearly as long as wide, parallel, moderately narrowed
apically, strongly, densely punctate ; scutellum small, with the elongate
central elevation solidly squamose; elytra about one-half longer than wide,
rather acuminate, the humeri broadly rounded and not prominent, the
strie moderately coarse and coarsely punctate, the intervals strongly,
rugosely punctate. Male with the third ventral at base much below
(viewed ventrally) the level of the second,—a very frequent character not
generally referred to, the fifth subconcavely flattened, sparsely clothed, the
apex broadly and feebly sinuate. Length, ¢, 9, 5.6-7.0 mm.; width,
2.5—3.0-mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.0-3-4 mm.; ¢?, 6.0-8.0 mm.
Arizona.
This species typifies a group, no one of which has as yet been
described, most of them having been referred to rectus Say. The strongly
arcuate beak in both sexes, becoming straight only in about basal half,
will however alone prevent them from coming under that designation;
the femora are strongly toothed beneath in the female but much more
feebly in the male. The following seems to be a subspecies of auriger :
118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
B. mollis n. subsp.—Smaller than the smallest of a very large series
of the preceding, resembling it in general characters, but with the
antenne inserted evidently beyond the middle of the very short beak,
the second funicular joint relatively shorter and only a little longer than
the third, the prothorax smaller, shorter and more finely punctate and the
elytral striae very coarse, fully half as wide as the intervals. Length, 7,
4.9 mm.; width, 1.9 mm.; length of rostrum, 2.4 mm.
The single type is without locality label, but is probably from
Arizona,
B. strigosus, ». sp.—Form and coloration nearly as in auriger but
rather shorter, the vestiture nearly similar; beak (2) shorter, similarly
arcuate, not very evidently longer than the body, the antennz shorter, with
stouter club ; prothorax nearly as long as wide, more gradually though
slightly narrowing anteriorly, with the basal angles more obtuse, the punc-
tures a little smaller and less densely placed, and with a strikingly broad
smooth impunctate median line, which is two or three times as wide as the
fine impunctate line of awriger, though likewise not extending much before
the middle ; elytra more abbreviated thanin auriger but similar in general
form and sculpture, not about twice as long as the prothorax as in that
species, but much less. Length, 2, 5.2 mm.; width, 2.2 mm.; length of
rostrum, 2, 4.8mm. Arizona.
The legs are shorter than in auriger, especially the femoral peduncle. |
B. algonquinus n. sp.—Form somewhat as in auriger but shorter and
stouter, the type pale brownish-testaceous in colour throughout ; beak
(4) stout, strongly arcuate, the antennz inserted at the middle, the first
three funicular joints decreasing uniformly and rapidly in length; prothorax
of the same general form as in auriger, not quite as long as wide, the
parallel sides gradually rounding and converging before the middle, the
punctures smaller, close but not crowded, the pale vitta narrow; scutellum
short, solidly squamose on the elevated part; elytra rapidly cuneiform,
with arcuate sides and distinct humeri, much less than one-half longer
than wide and not twice as long as the prothorax, the condensations of
pale fulvous scales numerous and indefinite, the strie less than half as
wide as the intervals, the latter finely and sparsely punctate, only
slightly rugulose. Length, ¢, 6.0 mm.; width, 2.7 mm.; length of
rostrum, ¢, 3.0 mm. Indiana.
The fifth ventral of the male is feebly impressed and scantily clad,
gradually feebly deflexed apically, the apex feebly sinuate, the cleft between
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119
the second and third segments very large. This species may* be dis-
tinguished from any other of the eastern forms of this group by its shorter
and relatively stouter form.
B. acuminatus vn. sp.—General form, sculpture and vestiture nearly
as in auriger but larger and rather more elongate, black, the elytra, legs
and beak but little paler; beak (9) much longer, similarly strongly
. arcuate, becoming straight in about basal half, the antennz inserted at
basal fourth, the first funicular joint longer than in ausiger, fully as long
as the next two combined ; prothorax more elongate, apparently a little
longer than wide, slightly but very gradually narrowed anteriorly, closely,
strongly and deeply but not confluently punctate, the smooth median line
narrow ; scutellum similar; elytra with the humeri more prominent and
the sides thence more rapidly converging and very feebly arcuate to the
rather more acuminate tip, similarly punctato-striate but with the broad
intervals much more finely, sparsely and less rugosely punctate, the
condensed subtransverse macule of pale tawny scales having the metallic
glint of awriger much less evident ; fifth ventral more obtuse and more
concave than in the female of that form. Length, 9, 7.5 mm.; width,
3:2 mm.; length of rostrum, 2, 9.8 mm.
A single female probably taken in Arizona or Colorado, readily
distinguishable from auriger by its much longer beak, more elongate
prothorax and different fifth ventral of the female.
B. setosicornis 0. sp.—Form and vestiture nearly as in auriger though
slightly less elongate, black or blackish in colour, the beak a little paler,
arcuate as in that species, the antenne ( ¢) inserted at the middle, (9 ) at
or slightly behind basal fourth, slender, similar in structure, the bristling
black sete at the apical part of the funicular joints unusually conspicuous ;
prothorax nearly as long as wide, gradually narrowed anteriorly from
slightly behind the middle ( @ ), or more prominently rounded at the sides
and narrowed from before the middle (¢ ), closely, deeply punctured but
much less coarsely than in awriger, the smooth median line very narrow ;
scutellum similar ; elytra nearly similar in form, sculpture and vestiture.
Length, ,2, 6.2-6.5 mm.; width, 2.6 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 30
mm.; ?,7.0mm. West Virginia.
The fifth ventral in the male is flattened medially, subglabrous
posteriorly, where there is, on each side of the apex, a dense tuft of hairs,
the two patches nearly contiguous medially ; in the female the fifth ventral
120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
is feebly, transversely concave and sparsely clothed throughout the length
and not scarcely at all modified, as it is in auriger.
B. macilentus n. sp.—Form nearly as in setosicornis and auriger but
more slender, rufo-piceous to blackish, the beak a little paler, the integu-
ments rather more shining, the vestiture similar in distribution but whitish
and not yellow; beak similarly arcuate; antenne nearly similar and
inserted at the middle (¢), but in the 9 inserted further forward than in
setosicornis, at a little beyond basal fourth, the funicular sete not so con-
spicuous; prothorax sculptured as in the preceding species but differing
more sexually, apparently longer than wide and very gradually narrowed
anteriorly from the middle (2 ), or more abruptly from before the middle
and shorter than wide (2); elytra with slightly more prominent humeri
and more rapidly, obliquely narrowed thence to the tip, with feebly arcuate
sides, the apex very acute, especially in the female, the sculpture sparser
and feebler, more exposed by the scantier vestiture, the strongly punctate
strize similarly nearly half as wide as the intervals. Length, ¢, 9, 6.0-6.5
mm.; width, 2.3-2.4 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.0 mm.; ?, 6.9 mm.
West Virginia.
The fifth ventral is more scantily clothed throughout than in the
preceding and does not have such conspicuous apical tufts of hair, and, in
the female, the scantily-clad feeble concavity is a little narrower. It may
be distinguished from sefosicornis by its much narrower form, looser vesti-
ture and point of antennal insertion in the female.
B. perexilis vn. sp.—Similar in general form and vestiture to most of
the preceding species but very small and slender, dark in colour, some of
the pale yellowish elytral condensations of the vestiture with feeble
metallic glint; beak slender, the antenne inserted a little beyond the
middle (¢ ), or at basal fourth (@ ), the funicular joints shorter throughout
than in mactlentus; prothorax similar in the sexes, notably shorter than
wide, gradually rounding at the sides and narrowing anteriorly from near
the middle, more strongly in the male, the punctures strong and dense ;
elytra nearly as in maci/entus but with rather finer striz ; legs notably
more slender, the femora less clavate. Length, ¢,9, 4.5-48 mm.;
width, 1,8-2.0 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 2.5 mm.; 9, 4.6mm. New
Jersey.
The fifth ventral of the male is pubescent at tip, with the surface
vestiture finer and sparser but not much modified otherwise ; on the fifth
ventral of the female there is a deep rounded concavity in about apical
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121
half, thus differing from any of the preceding, and the entire abdomen is
much more scantily clad than in the male. This is the smallest, or at
least by far the slightest, species that we have. The female is the smaller
and more slender of the two specimens at hand.
B—Rostrum (2) not longer, and generally much shorter, than the body.
a—Prothorax relatively large in size.
B. proprius n. sp.—Body short, stout and convex in form, piceous-
black, the antenne paler; vestiture pale gray, variegated on the elytra
with large feeble brownish clouds, almost uniform, not very dense and
somewhat hair-like on the pronotum and without condensed vitte, in the
form of elongate, moderately dense scales on the elytra, those of the strial
punctures pale cinereous and distinct ; beak ( 2 ) not longer than the elytra,
moderately arcuate throughout, the antennz inserted scarcely beyond
basal fourth, slender, the scape short, the first funicular joint almost as
long as the next two combined ; prothorax about a fourth wider than long,
parallel, the sides becoming strongly oblique in about apical two-fifths,
the punctures strong, deep, very densely crowded ; scutellum very narrow,
elongate, the dense vestiture divided narrowly along the middle ; elytra
short, not a third longer than wide, not twice as long as the prothorax and
two-fifths wider, the humeri well exposed, the sides strongly arcuate ; apex
obtuse ; strize not quite a third as wide as the intervals, the latter shining,
not very densely, subrugosely punctate ; fifth ventral twice as wide as long,
with a small feeble indentation medially toward tip, not differently clothed ;
femoral teeth strong. Length, ?, 6.2 mm; width, 3.0 mm.; length of
rostrum, 9, 3.8 mm.
The type represents a species not at all closely allied to any of our
other species ; it is without locality label but was probably taken in
Indiana.
ZL. timidus n. sp..—Form stout, small in size, convex, piceous, the
legs and beak dark testaceous; vestiture elongate-squamiform, very
coarsely hair-like on the pronotum, pale brownish-cinereous, rather dense
but only feebly and sparsely, subtransversely variegated with pale brown
on the elytra; beak (¢) stout, the antennz inserted just behind the
middle, the first funicular joint nearly as long as the next two, the club
rather stout ; prothorax slightly wider than long, parallel, the -sides
obliquely, subsinuously converging in apical two-fifths, the punctures strong
and close-set ; scutellum elongate, densely clothed, the elevated part with
12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tumescent polished sides; elytra short, a fourth longer than wide, less
than twice as long as the prothorax and a third wider, the humeri less
than usually exposed, the converging sides arcuate ; apex rather obtuse ;
striae somewhat more than a third as wide as the intervals, with the
squame rather narrow ; femoral teeth rather strong, acute ; fifth ventral
flat, trapezoidal, truncate at tip, glabrous at the middle of the tip and with
long but not dense hairs laterally at apex. Length, ¢, 4.7 mm.; width,
2.15 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 2.5 mm. ‘Texas (Alpine), Wickham.
To be readily known by its short plump form, unusually small size,
short legs and other characters mentioned in the description ; it is not
closely allied to any other of our species.
b—-Prothorax relatively smaller tn size.
This group includes most of the species having short beaks. Odtusus
Bl., Caseyi Chit. (=$revirostris || Csy.), and monticola constitute a
peculiar section of the group, having the rostrum very short in both sexes,
stout and only a little longer in the female than in the male, the antenne
inserted slightly behind the middle in the former and correspondingly but
little beyond the middle in the latter sex. The group contains, besides
the obfusus section, two other minor sections, one having the male beak
very short, in fact scarcely half as long as body and having as representa-
tive species confusor Ham., daculi Chit., and the following :
B. Towensis n. sp.— Body (2) larger and a little stouter than in
confusor, similar in colour, sculpture and vestiture, except that the medial
scales of the pronotum are less hair-like and the elytral striz notably finer,
the beak (¢) much stouter, with many longitudinal grooves behind the
point of antennal insertion, and, as usual, slightly narrowed before that
point, very feebly enlarged toward tip ; antennz inserted well beyond the
middle, stouter than in confusor, the funicular joints two to four diminish-
ing very gradually in length, the second but little longer than the third and
much more notably shorter than the first than in confusor ; prothorax as
in that species, a third wider than long and sinuously narrowed anteriorly
but relatively a little larger ; elytra more obtuse posteriorly; legs longer,
the femora strongly and acutely toothed ; fifth ventral feebly and not very
definitely impressed and not more sparsely clothed medially ; pygidial
pubescence abruptly limited superiorly. Length, 4, 7.3 mm.; width, 3.3
mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 2.6 mm. Iowa (Keokuk).
The elytral maculation of darker pale brown scales is very feebly
defined ; there is evidence however of the transverse pale band at apical
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 123
two-fifths, so generally noticeable in confusor and others of this group, and
especially conspicuous in zasicus Say. The male beak is less arcuate
than in confusor.
The second of the two minor sections mentioned above is by far
the larger ; it has the male beak short though always distinctly longer
than in the preceding, being apparently more than half as long as the
body, though perhaps not so if we measure the chord of the arc ; it is
exemplified by such species as uziformis Lec., and orthorhynchus and
Victoriensts, of Chittenden.
B. Virginicus n. sp.—Form rather stout, convex, dark, the elytra,
beak and legs paler and dark testaceous; vestiture dense, squamiform,
brown, with two pale pronotal vitte, the brown patches of the elytra large
dnd irregular to small and tessellatiform; beak in both sexes notably
slender, arcuate, moderately except toward base (@ ) or strongly, evenly
arcuate throughout (¢), not perceptibly enlarged basally, except very
feebly at base and not enlarged apically or with larger mandibles in the
male ; antenne (¢) inserted just behind the middle, or ( @ ), just beyond
basal fourth, slender, the first funicular joint much longer than the second,
the latter much longer than the third (?), or only just visibly so (¢) ;
prothorax transverse, fully two-fifths wider than long, the sides rather
arcuate, becoming gradually oblique but only feebly sinuate anteriorly, the
punctures strong and dense, the impunctate median line virtually obsolete ;
scutellar vestiture finely, longitudinally parted ; elytra of the usual cuneate
form, with arcuate sides and exposed humeri, the striz moderate, rather
coarser in the male; legs long, the femoral peduncle long and slender,
the teeth large and acute ; fifth ventral (¢) but feebly modified, scarcely
visibly and indefinitely impressed medially but not more glabrous,
trapezoidal, the pygidial pubescerce not abruptly delimited superiorly ;
fifth ventral (@) broadly ogival. Length, ¢,?, 7.2-7.6 mm.; width,
3.2-3.75 mm.; length of rostrum, g, 3.6-3.8 mm.; ?, 5.6-6.1 mm. West
Virginia.
It is barely possible that Mr, Chittenden may have included this
species with his series representing pardalis (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, p.
24); but it differs from farda/is in three important particulars, judging
from the description: the legs are longer, the beak in the female is
relatively much longer and it is not sensibly enlarged at tip in either sex.
There are some palpable misprints in Mr. Chittenden’s description, viz.:
Page 25, line 4, for apical read basal, and, line 5, for “longer than wide,”
read wider than long.
12k THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
B. auctus n. sp.—More elongate than the two preceding, the body
deep black, the beak blackish, gradually testaceous apically ; vestiture
brown and coarsely hair-like on the pronotum, the entire flanks squamose,
the scales pale yellowish ; elytra with moderately dense and very slender
brown hair-like scales, sparsely. variegated with small and feebly defined
condensations of pale yellowish scales; beak (¢) moderately stout,
arcuate beyond the middle, thinner beyond the antenne, the first four
funicular joints decreasing almost uniformly and rather rapidly in length ;
prothorax fully a fifth wider than long, parallel, obliquely and rapidly
narrowed before the middle, strongly, deeply and very closely punctate,
the smooth median line extremely narrow ; scutellum with the dense
vestiture finely parted along the middle ; elytra more elongate, cuneiform,
one-half longer than wide, rather accuminate at tip, the sides slightly
arcuate, fully twice as long as the prothorax and a third wider, the humeri
well exposed ; strie fine, scarcely more than a fourth as wide as the
intervals, the latter finely, asperulately punctate but not very closely ; legs
rather long, the femoral teeth large and very acute. Length, ¢, 7.0
mm.; width, 3.0 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.6mm. New York (Buffalo).
The trapezoidal fifth ventral segment is not notably modified. This
species does not seem to have any very close allies ; the prothorax is less
constricted apically than in the male of confusor or Jowensis, which also
have much shorter beaks ; and the body is narrower and more elongate,
with much less transverse prothorax than in the male of Virginicus.
The three following species are allied more or less closely to strictus ;
they have the male rostrum shorter than in Virginicus, but longer and
generally more slender than in confusor and Jowensis, being similar to
auctus in this respect, but with the prothorax shorter and more transverse
and having anteriorly the oblique sides longer and much more sinuate :
B. ordinatus , sp.—Rather stout (¢) but only moderately convex,
almost black throughout, the beak nearly black, strongly, evenly arcuate,
moderately stout, with the antennz inserted exactly at the middle, slender,
the first four funicular joints decreasing uniformly and rather rapidly in
length ; vestiture elongate-squamiform, rather dense throughout, pale
tawny and not definitely variegated with darker tint, as usual rather
more hair-like on the pronotum, except laterally ; prothorax rather small,
somewhat less transverse than in the two following, about a third wider
than long, the sides in anterior half strongly converging and sinuate, the
punctures strong, very dense, the median line very fine; scutellar crust of
scales parted medially ; elytra with much exposed and prominent humeri,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125
cuneiform, less than one-half longer than wide, with arcuate sides, the
strie moderately coarse, the intervals with asperulate and rather coarse
but separated punctures ; fifth ventral but feebly impressed, not much
modified ; legs moderately long, the peduncle of the anterior femora not
very long and rather thick, though longer than in the next species, the
teeth large and acute. Length, ¢, 7.2 mm; width, 3.3 mm.; length of
rostrum, ¢, 3.3mm. Tennessee.
Separable from the next two species by the rather stouter and more
arcuate beak, having the antennz inserted exactly at the middle ; the beak
is gradually feebly tapering and is not sensibly enlarged apically. The
length of the rostrum in the male of confusor is only about 2.5 mm.
B. Appatachius n. sp.—Not quite so stout as ordinatus, but with the
prothorax relatively a little larger and more transverse, the colour paler,
the beak testaceous, proportionately somewhat longer and more slender
and evenly, though somewhat less strongly, arcuate, not enlarged apically,
“the antenne (¢) inserted evidently beyond the middle, the first four
funicular joints decreasing ; vestiture slender but squamiform, dense, pale
tawny-yellow, variegated with brown on the elytra, pale brown and less
squamiform on the median parts of the prothorax, which is rather more
than a third wider than long, densely punctate, with the sides before the
middle rapidly converging and strongly sinuate, the apex almost sub-
tubulate ; dense scutellar scales parted narrowly along the middle ; elytra
nearly as in ordinatus but with rather Jess prominent humeri, the legs
similarly rather long and with strong, acute dentition, but with the
peduncle of the anterior femora notably short and thick, even shorter than
in the preceding ; fifth ventral (¢) with median half rather abruptly
though feebly impressed and clothed with finer, more transverse hairs.
Length, ¢, 6.7-68 mm.; width, 3.15 mm.; length of rostrum, 3, 3.4mm.
West Virginia.
The characters relating to the beak, fifth ventral segment and anterior
femora will very readily distinguish this species from ordinatus. One of
the two types has the brown tint on the elytra greatly predominating, and,
in fact, almost uniform throughout.
B. parvicollis n. sp.—Form rather stout, rufo-piceous, the legs and
beak dark testaceous ; vestiture elongate-squamiform, pale tawny and
rather dense, more hair-like and sparser in the brownish irregularly trans-
verse maculations of the elytra; beak ( ¢) slender, evenly and moderately
arcuate, not enlarged apically, the antenne slender, inserted slightly behind
126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
the middle, the second funicular joint shorter than the first, but both
proportionately more elongate than in the two preceding species; pro-
thorax small, short, two-fifths to nearly one-half wider than long, the sides
rounded medially, subconstricted toward base, strongly, sinuately converg-
ing apically ; densely punctate; scutellum densely, apparently solidly
incrusted with scales ; elytra of the same form as in the two preceding, the
humeri rather prominent ; strice scarcely more than a fourth as wide as
the intervals ; fifth ventral (¢) not modified, except that the tip is dis-
tinctly sinuate ; legs rather long, the peduncle of the anterior femora long
and slender, the teeth moderately large, very acute, Length, 2, 5.7-6.2
mm.; width, 2.6-3.0 mm.; length ofrostrum, 7, 3.0-3.5 mm. New Jersey.
This species resembles the New Mexican sfrictus very much but is
stouter, and the brown areas of the elytra are more pronounced and
clothed more evidently with finer, sparser hair-like scales. Strictus is
represented by two females.
The two following species belong to the fauna of the western slopes
of the Rocky Mountains :
B. Utensis v. sp.— Body stout, rufo-piceous, the legs and beak dark
testaceous ; vestiture narrowly squamiform, dense, pale brownish-yellow,
variegated on the elytra with irregularly transverse dark brown macula-
tion; beak (¢) rather stout, arcuate, straighter basally, not enlarged
apically, the antenne slender, inserted slightly beyond the middle, the
second funicular joint only just visibly shorter than the first, much longer
than the third; prothorax small, fully a third wider than long, the sides
straight and parallel, rounding and becoming strongly oblique but not
sinuate in apical half, strongly and closely punctate ; scutellum narrow,
the dense scaly crust finely parted along the middle ; elytra large, cunei-
form, with arcuate sides, not one-half longer than wide, the humeri
prominent and much exposed ; striz a third or more as wide as the inter-
vals, which are finely, not densely and simply punctate ; fifth ventral ( ¢)
feebly impressed and subglabrous medially toward tip, the sides of the
impression notably hairy ; legs rather short, the femora stout, strongly
toothed, the peduncle of the anterior rather short and thick. Length, ¢,
6.5 mm.; width, 3.15 mm.; length of rostrum, ¢, 3.1 mm, Utah (Provo).
Well distinguished by the rather short stout legs and male sexual
characters.
B. tubulatus », sp.—Form still stouter, more nearly black, the legs
and beak testaceous; vestiture dense, of the usual form, yellowish-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127
cinereous, scarcely at ail variegated with darker tint on the elytra ; beak
(Q) rather slender, perfectly filiform throughout, not enlarged apically,
evenly and strongly arcuate throughout, the antennz inserted slightly
behind basal third, slender, the first funicular joint distinctly shorter than
the next two combined ; prothorax very short and transverse, rather more
than one-half wider than long, the sides evenly arcuate, gradually and
strongly converging and sinuate before the middle, the apex subtubulate,
dull in lustre, the punctures strong and extremely dense; scutellum
densely squamose, with a tendency to fine parting along the median
line ; elytra unusually short, not over a third longer than wide, rather
obtusely cuneiform, with arcuate sides, the humeri prominent and much
exposed ; strize fine, not more than a fourth as wide as the intervals, which
are closely but not coarsely punctate ; fifth ventral unmodified, broadly
ogival ; legs long, the peduncle of the anterior femora rather long and
moderately slender. Length, 2, 7.0 mm.; width, 3.4 mm.; length of
rostrum, 9, 5.0 mm. Utah (Stockton).
While belonging to the strictus type, this species differs greatly in its
stouter form, relatively shorter elytra, more transverse prothorax and in
numerous other features.
Mr. Chittenden (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X, p. 22) definitely states as
a fact that the form described by me under the name occidentis, is the
true uniformis, and gives to that which I identified as wzz/ormis, the name
baculi. There is some confusion here ; my specimens were identified
directly from LeConte’s material, and, if memory serves, the type in that
collection was labelled “‘ Texas,” and was of the dacu/i form, more truly
fitting the name wzzformis than the California variegated specimens. A
perfectly similar Texas example has been marked “exactly typical” in my
cabinet from the date of this actual comparison. However, I discovered
about a year after my description of occid@entis was published, that w2zformis
was originally recorded by LeConte as Californian, and came to the conclu-
sion at that time that my occidentis was perhaps that species, or closely allied
thereto, but neglected to publish anything concerning it.* Dr. Horn (Pr.
Am. Phil. Soc., 1873, p. 459) confused a number of species under the
*There are several allied species in the Pacific coast region of California ;
one, represented by the male type of occidentis, from Sonoma, being smaller,
with shorter, stouter beak and especially much shorter joints of the antennal
funicle ; the other larger and relatively stouter, from Sta. Clara Co., with longer
male beak and antennz, which might be regarded as the true wxzformis. There
is another closely-allied form, labelled ‘‘Colorado,” in my cabinet, and still
another from Siskiyou, Cal.
128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
name uniformis, and the length of the male and female rostra is very
erroneousty stated as far as dacu/i or uniformis Lec. (Chit.) are concerned.
The interrelationships of the numerous forms or subspecies of dacu/i have
not been worked out as yet; it would be an interesting study for those
possessing carefully-selected and abundant material ; the same remark can
be repeated in regard to forms allied to Victortensis, of which there are
several.
Tribe PRIONOMERINI.
Fiazorrhinus, Sch.
The markings of pictus Lec., are very variable, there being sometimes
a large elytral blackish spot, and from this to wholly clear, with three
irregular dark bands, each endizg laterally in a small whitish spot. The
following is allied to pictus :
P. thoracicus vn. sp.—General form, coloration and Vestiture as in
pictus but slightly narrower, the beak still wider, barely longer than wide,
broad and flat; eyes but feebly convex, separated on the front by fully
half their own width ; prothorax relatively much larger and less transverse,
nearly half as long and four-fifths as wide as the elytra, the converging
sides from base to apex more arcuate ; elytra nearly similar in ornamenta-
tion but with the strie much finer. Length, 2.4 mm.; width, 1.3 mm.
Florida (Palm Beach).
The eyes in the male of ficfus are more convex than in the female
and very narrowly separated ; the conformation in ¢Aoractcus shows that
the type isa female. ‘There is a large patch of loose scaly decumbent
pubescence above each eye, the two areas separated along the middle ;
in pictus the front above the eyes is evenly and sparsely clothed through-
out. ictus was originally described from a unique taken in Georgia ;
my examples are from New Jersey and Wisconsin.
Tribe TYCHIINI.
Thysanocnemts, Lec.
There are a considerable number of species in this genus allied to
Sraxini Lec. Horridula does not occur in California, the type having
been erroneously labelled ; it was collected in some numbers by Levette
in Indiana, and I have before me three males and one female ; the elytra
are more elongate than in /raxini, and have a V-shaped whitish band at
the suture behind apical fourth ; the prothorax is relatively smaller, less
transverse and less rounded at the sides, and the beak in the female is
much shorter; in /raxint the female beak is as long as the head and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 129
prothorax ; forriduda is therefore a valid species. There are a number
of other forms, notably three from Iowa and Nebraska, in my collection,
which seem to represent species different from fraxini and helvola; they
may be briefly outlined as follows :
ZT. ocularis n. sp.—Form somewhat as in horridu/a but much smaller
and not so stout, testaceous in colour throughout, the elytra paler basally
but not definitely clouded or banded, the vestiture ochreous, elongate-
squamiform, the intervals with single series of longer suberect squamules ;
beak (¢) short and thick, the eyes, as in horridula, very large, convex
and coarsely faceted ; prothorax only three-fifths as wide as the elytra,
one-half wider than long, arcuately narrowed anteriorly ; scutellum longer
than wide, acute ; elytra two-fifths longer than wide, obtusely rounded
behind, the humeri widely exposed, the striz shallow, moderately coarsely
punctate ; legs with long sparse hairs within, the anterior tibize broadly
sinuate within in about apical half; fifth ventral not so large as in
horridula and not impressed; pygidium rather large, semicircular.
Length, ¢, 3.2 mm.; width, 1.4 mm. Nebraska.
Readily distinguishable from horridu/a by the vestiture of the legs
and the sexual characters, the fifth ventral in that species being very large
and feebly impressed medially.
T. punctata n. sp.— Body somewhat similar in form to ocawlaris but
still smaller and more slender, pale ochreo-testaceous throughout, the
vestiture similar but sparser ; beak (?) slender, arcuate, nearly as in
horridula, the eyes smaller than in the male and less convex ; prothorax
notably small, rather more than one-half wider than long, less parallel than
in ocudaris, trapezoidal, with arcuate sides and having a fine entire
impunctate median line ; scutellum large, longer than wide, acute ; elytra
more parallel, obtusely rounded behind, with well-exposed humeri, the
strie more impressed and coarser, with very coarse, deep and close-set
punctures. Length, 9, 2.5 mm; width, 1.2 mm. Jowa.
Distinguishable by its small size, slender form, small prothorax, very
coarse strial punctures and the fine entire impunctate pronotal line, the
latter being broader and only visible behind the middle in ocu/aris.
Z. brevis n. sp.—General form somewhat as in /e/vo/a but shorter
and relatively stouter, obscure testaceous throughout, with rather dense
short decumbent vestiture of ochreous scale-like hairs, with only a
130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
moderate number of more erect paler scales posteriorly ; beak (9 ) rather
long, very slender, arcuate ; prothorax shorter, twice as wide as long,
parallel, with arcuate sides, arcuately narrowed and subconstricted apically;
scutellum as wide as long, ogival ; elytra shorter than in any other species,
barely visibly longer than wide, parallel, very obtusely rounded behind,
with widely-exposed humeri, a third wider than the prothorax ; alternate
intervals of slightly greater convexity posteriorly, but only very faintly se
anteriorly, the striw fine and rather finely punctate. Length, 9, 2.85 mm.;
width, 1.3 mm. Nebraska (West Point).
Resembles Ae/vo/a somewhat but shorter, with much more abbreviated
elytra and with the alternate intervals not distinctly more convex through- |
out the length, but only noticeably so posteriorly and less markedly even
there; also with the stri# more finely punctate. Inthe male of Ae/vo/a the
beak appears to be radically different from that of the male of the
horridula type, where it is thick, being very slender, almost as in the
female and with the antenne less anterior ; but the fifth ventral is rather
deeply impressed medially and the pygidium remarkably large and
conspicuous.
Loceptes n. gen.
Body somewhat as in Zhysanocnemis, the beak stout, separated from
the head by a very feeble transverse impression, squamose, the antennal
scape extending to the eyes, which are moderate in size and coarsely
faceted, the funicle as in Thysanocnemis, the club but little shorter, with
the sutures fine; abdominal sutures straight, deep and distinct, the first
very feebly angulate medially ; femora with a moderate acute tooth be-
neath, the tarsal claws strongly, very acutely toothed internally near the
base ; scutellum narrowly elevated, parallel and glabrous.
This genus resembles Ziysanocnemis in appearance very strongly but
may be distinguished readily from it, as well as P/ocetes, by the characters
given. The type is the following :
L. recessus n. sp.—Body somewhat as in Thysanocnemis graphica, dark,
densely clothed with short and rather broad decumbent pale scales, feebly
and irregularly variegated with small blackish areas on the elytra and
mingled, on the prothorax and along the elytra! intervals, with a few short
recurved cinereous set ; beak ( ¢ ) stout, moderate in length, squamose, the
eyes separated on the front by the full width of the beak ; prothorax rather
small, wider than long, subparallel and rounded at the sides, constricted
apically, strongly, closely but not densely punctate, the scales more hair-like
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131
medially ; elytra slightly longer than wide, parallel, obtusely rounded
at tip, the humeri greatly exposed at base ; striz feebly impressed and
coarsely, deeply punctate ; legs short, dark testaceous, the femora feebly
banded with sparse whitish slender scales just beyond the middle. Length,
2.5 mm; width,1.2 mm. Oklahoma (Atoka), Wickham.
In all the species of Zhysanocnemis and Plocetes the scutellum is
triangular, flat and densely squamose ; it is here elevated, narrower and
coarsely sculptured but virtually glabrous. .
Hamaba n. gen.
The species of this genus have the general structure and facies of
Thysanocnemts, but are minute in size and have the antennal funicle
6-jointed, though with the basal joint similarly large and stout; the club
shorter, being about as long as the first five funicular joints, 3-jointed, with
the sutures all distinct. The scutellum is flat, densely squamose and
triangular, the tarsal claws deeply and widely cleft and the femora
unarmed. The following is the type:
H. Bahamensis n, sp.—Rather stout, dark, the humeri not paler ; legs
and beak more or less pale flavo-testaceous ; beak (?) not longer than
the prothorax, rather stout, tapering beyond the point of antennal inser-
tion, the latter at about the middle ; eyes large, convex, coarsely faceted,
narrowly separated on the front; prothorax small, wider than long,
parallel, the sides straight, rounding and converging anteriorly, strongly
and densely punctured, the scales whitish at the sides, along the median
line and in a tranverse medial fascia ; scutellum small, flat, acutely pointed :
elytra slightly longer than wide, parailel, obtusely rounded at apex, the
humeri well exposed at base, the striae not much impressed, strongly,
closely punctate, the pale scales forming a wide loose irregular subbasal
fascia, produced on the suture toward the scutellum, and, at each side.
enclosing a darker spot, also a transverse, strongly trisinuate fascia behind
the middle, the larger scales along the intervals, on the areas of paler
vestiture, narrow and elongate. Length, r.2-1.5 mm.; width, 0.5-0.65
mm. Bahama Islands (Eleuthera and Egg Island), Wickham.
The following is allied rather closely but appears to be distinct :
H1. dispersa . sp.—Similar in general coloration and structure to the
preceding but relatively stouter, the elytra only just visibly longer than
wide, blackish, the much-exposed humeri rufescent, the beak rather longer
and very much stouter, with the antenne inserted much beyond the
132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
middle ; prothorax sull smaller and much less transverse, the small slender
sparse pale scales whitish at the sides and along the median line ; elytra
with coarser, deeper striz, the fine pale sparse scales forming a large solid
subbasal blotch, and, behind the middle, a much straighter narrow fascia,
the dispersed scales of the intervals large, broad and much more conspic-
uous. Length, 1.4 mm.; width,o65 mm. Bahama Islands (Eleuthera),
It does not seem at all probable that the type of dispersa can be the
male of Bahamensis ; the beak does not seem to differ much sexually in
my ample series of the latter.
Tychius Sch.
The Californian species allied to dinee//us Lec., are rather numerous
and well defined ; those in my cabinet at present may be distinguished as
follows :
Elytral intervals clothed alternately with cinereous-white and pale brown
slender decumbent squamiform hairs, without erect setw of any kind ;
body stouter than in any other allied species, the elytra but little
longer than wide, with notably coarse striz; prothorax with the
strong apical constriction and apical tabulation characterizing all the
other species of this group ; beak ( ¢ ) only moderately slender, not
longer than the head and prothorax. Length, 9 , 4.5-4.7 mm.; width,
1.8-2.1 mm. California (exact locality unrecorded) . . . /inee//us Lec.
Elytral intervals not alternately paler and darker in vestiture ; body less
Chess Bsa ales 652409 2 ths BU SCAR om op eee eee 2
2—Elytral striae as coarse and deep as in /inee//us, not at all obliterated
by the vestiture, which is hair-like, depressed, only moderately dense
and cinereous throughout, denser on the sutural interval throughout
and on the alternate intervals®posteriorly, the umbones rather more
prominent than in /imee//us and the body more elongate in form, the
elytra much longer than wide; beak (9) a little longer and more
slender, nearly straight, with the antenne inserted at the middle ;
shorter and stouter (¢), with the antenne at apical two-fifths.
Length, ¢,9, 3.7-4.5 mm.; width, 1.6-1.9 mm. California (without
more definite statement of locality)........5......05- tacitus n. sp.
Elytral strie less coarse, partially concealed by the vestiture.... .... 3
3—Body black throughout /s:.. Waecawin ee bis onsie'n's s ds'e' eb aan 4
Body black, the elytra testaceOus ds ds aWe skics «sche 2p hha pean 6
4—Legs rufescent distally, the antenne and about apical half of the beak
testaceous, the antennal club infuscate; decumbent vestiture moderately
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 133
dense, cinereous, nearly even throughout and composed of very
slender cinereous parallel scales ; beak (?) rather short and stout,
not longer than the prothorax, the latter slightly wider than long,
rounded at the sides, strongly and densely punctate ; elytra about a
fifth longer than wide, the umbones feeble, the humeri moderately
exposed basally, rounded. Length, 2, 3.7 mm.; width, 1.7 mm.
SIGRIVOUNC Oe apt stow Fc oe OTIS Pee ee hesperis n. sp.
Legs feebly rufescent toward and including the tarsi, the beak black or
piceous-black almost throughout ; antennz testaceous, with the club
Leia ire. Pettey tear erdcai art etna ad cPSfor eae Cal ec raks <9, vist cial Manan aT Rc 5
5—Form stouter than in esperzs, as obese as in Zémee//us but much smaller
in size, with shorter prothorax, more ovally-rounded elytral apex,
obsolete umbones and less exposed humeri; vestiture nearly as in
hesperis, uniform throughout, pale cinereous, decidedly dense only on
the sutural interval and, as usual, on the scutellum ; beak ( ? ) rather
longer than the prothorax, black, with the extreme tip rufescent ;
prothorax wider than long, parallel, with moderately arcuate sides,
convex as usual, with the separate and evenly-distributed scales
streaming radially outward from a small spot near the middle of each
side, and thence pointing obliquely backward to the median line
throughout ; elytra only slightly longer than wide. Length, 2, 3.8
Mins WIdEH, Bo. ma tl. > Sat: DSRO:.” 5 coher. 2: ales caysne > radians N. sp.
Form less stout but with much denser vestiture than in any other of this
group, the elytral strize almost obliterated ; beak (g) almost as long
as in the female, distinctly longer than the prothorax, not at all pale
at tip; prothorax almost as long as wide, the vestiture much denser
and more squamiform than in any other of the group, without trace
of the lateral abnormality of the preceding ; elytra distinctly longer
than wide, the vestiture dense and whitish along the suture and more
feebly on the fifth and seventh intervals at base and near the feeble
umbones, elsewhere yellowish ; antennz unusually long and slender.
Length, 6,9, 4.0-4.1 mm.; width, 1.8-1.9 mm. San Francisco Co.,
VM ah Si Aa sare rete aire cacg cick he ogs ever thee «thas, eocnanc om PLELE USD. SP.
6—Body unusually narrow, elongate-oval, convex; scales very slender,
sparse throughout, not very dense even along the suture ; beak ( 9 )
black throughout, slender, slightly longer than the prothorax, the
latter wider than long, narrowing anteriorly from only a little before
the middle, closely and strongly punctate, the vestiture fine ; elytra
two-fifths. longer than wide, narrowing apically from only slightly
134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
behind the middle, evenly oval posteriorly, the intervals coarsely,
rugosely punctured ; fifth ventral with a rounded feeble impression
medially. Length, 9, 37 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. Near San Francisco,
Mr. DGGR, 5 vei va. md ap acase 2 he 04 bie 68's 08 ne
The sordidus type differs greatly from the preceding in the form of
the prothorax, obese body and form of the beak in the female, this being
much stouter, differing but little from the male beak and having the
antenne inserted far beyond the middle.
T. nimius n. sp.—Larger and stouter than sordidus, the dense
vestiture of elongate, decumbent and strongly strigose scales similar, not
brownish however but cinereous in colour; beak (¢) longer, being as
long as the prothorax ; punctures of the latter not so densely or poly-
gonally crowded as in sordidus, the converging sides less rounded ;
scutellum larger ; elytra nearly similar but broader ; pygidium of the male
very much larger. Length, ¢, 4.8 mm.; width, 2.4 mm. lowa.
Much larger and stouter than sordidus and with a notably greater
development of the pygidium. In all the species of this sordidus group,
the slender strigose scales of the general surface become very different on
and near the scutellum, being there broad, pointed and minutely, densely
pubescent or plumulose.
7. Texanus n. sp.—Form more obese than in sordidus, the vestiture
differing, not only in its cinereous colour, but in being less dense, the scales
of the elytra shorter and parallel, not more or less tapering toward their
apices as in sordidus ; scutellum larger, the humeri more broadly exposed
basally, though very obliquely rounded; legs deep black, not dark
testaceous as they are in sordidus, the tibie more scaly and less hairy ;
beak (9) stout, tapering and feebly arcuate throughout, rather longer than
the prothorax. Length, 2, 4.0 mm.; width, 2.1 mm. Texas (Haw Creek).
Rather smaller and decidedly stouter than sordidus and differing in
the sparser and shorter vestiture of different colour.
T. Caroline vn. sp.—Nearly similar to sordédus but with the prothorax
notably smaller, the sides less rounded and more rapidly converging from
the base ; vestiture similar, dense, pale ochreous, whiter and more broadly
squamiform beneath ; scutellum broader, less densely incrusted with scales ;
elytra relatively more elongate, a fourth longer than wide, the vestiture
uniform, not so evidently mingled with isolated glittering scales ; dense
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135
hair-like scales of the tibiz coarser. Length, 2, 4.0 mm.; width, 2.0
mm. North Carolina (Southern Pines), Manee.
It is of course quite possible that these may be considered subspecies
of sordidus, but the structural characters involved seem to give them
higher value.
The following species is allied to ¢ectus Lec., but appears to be
amply distinct :
T. languidus n. sp.—Small and slender, convex, extremely densely
clothed with rather broad parallel cinereous-white scales, which, on the
elytra, virtually conceal the striz ; beak, antennez and legs testaceous, the
first (¢) rather arcuate, thick and nearly as long as the prothorax, the
latter narrow, nearly as long as wide, subparallel basally, the sides obliquely
converging anteriorly from rather behind the middle ; elytra almost one-
half longer than wide, much wider than the prothorax, hemi-elliptical, the
humeri well exposed and rapidly oblique at base; legs short ; pygidium
(3) well developed. Length, ¢, 2.4 mm.; width,o.g mm. Colorado.
Differs from the male of fecfus in its much smaller size, narrower
form, white and not ochreous vestiture, which is composed of broader and
even denser scales, relatively much narrower prothorax, with less arcuate
sides, and notably shorter and more slender legs.
Paratychius n. subgen.
The type of this subgenus of the genus Zychius, is Tychius prolixus
Csy. The body is moderately large in size, elongate, with the thick
squamose beak rapidly tapering beyond the point of antennal insertion,
which is far beyond the middle and with the antennal funicle 6-jointed.
The tarsi are large, stout and densely squamose. The following is another
species of the subgenus :
T. ( Paratychius) imbricatus n. sp.—Larger than pro/ixus, elongate,
convex, black, the apical smooth part of the beak rufous ; vestiture of the
prothorax dense, consisting of narrow lanceolate strigose brown scales,
giving place along the median line and on the flanks to broad rounded
overlapping whitish scales, of which a few are also scattered among the
slender brown squamules, the elytra very densely clothed throughout with
large rounded or subquadrate overlapping scales, brown in colour, broadly
whitish sublaterally, two rows to each interval, with a single series of
slender, closely recurved brown lanceolate squamules along the middle of
each interval and a slender hair-like white scale from each strial puncture ;
136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
prothorax about as long as wide, narrower than the elytra, parallel,
arcuately narrowed anteriorly, the apex only extremely briefly subtubulate ;
elytra three-fifths longer than wide, the humeri exposed, laterally prominent
and rounded ; apex obtuse ; stri# represented by fine clefts separating
the indument. Length, 3.75 mm.; width, 1.4 mm. California (San Diego).
The large scales are of peculiar structure, being thick and apparently
excessively minutely and densely puberulent, the hairs so disposed as to
give sometimes a minutely and extremely closely strigilate effect.
Microtychius, n. subgen.
In this subgenus of Zychius, the structure throughout is nearly as in
the preceding, including the 6-jointed antennal funicle, but the body is
very much smaller, generally minute in size and the tarsi are small and
slender, this being the chief distinctive structural feature. The femora are
not denticulate beneath. The type is Zychius setosus Lec. eee Lilini n, sp.
The name Miarus hispidulus has been used by Reitter, according to
the recent European catalogue, but is preoccupied by LeConte for the
above American species,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF THYMELICUS: GARITA
REAKIRT.
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA, ONT.
A female of this interesting little butterfly was received from Mr. T.
N. Willing, of Regina, Sask. The specimen was captured on July roth,
1gor, and was enclosed in an envelope. It arrived at Ottawa on July
16th, and in the envelope was found one egg, which hatched on the
following day, the 17th.
The egg when received was of a creamy-white colour and reticulated ;
in shape hemispherical ; head of larva plainly distinguishable.
The following notes were taken by me on the larva:
Stage 7—Length when hatched, 1.75 mm., at first creamy-white ; after
feeding the dorsum is a pale sea-green, the venter a pale whitish-green.
Head large, round, flat in front, very slightly bilobed ; minutely pitted ;
mouth-parts reddish ; ocelli small and black ; down the front of the face
there is a triangular blackish irregular indefinite band, somewhat like those
of Smerinthus, but not nearly so distinct. Body cylindrical, tapering
slightly towards anal extremity, which is paler than the rest of the body.
A faint whitish subdorsal band is present, also an upper lateral, and
another between this and the stigmatal fold ; this latter afterwards becomes
indistinct. Body bears short, stout, blunt bristles, which turn over some-
what at the tip. All the feet are concolorous with venter.
On July 23rd there were noticed a thin whitish medio-dorsal line, and
also six distinct whitish bands of equal width on either side of the medio-
dorsal line. The spiracles are small and brownish ; at this time the body
is plump, somewhat arched, falling off rapidly at anal extremity ; the
segments are transversely wrinkled. The anal flap bears some whitish
bristles of varying lengths.
At the above date the larva stopped feeding, and on the ot the
front segments were swollen. On the morning of the 25th it passed the
first moult.
Stage /7.—Length, 3.4 mm. Head round in outline, flat in front,
pale greenish-white ; a little larger than segment 2 ; slight furrow down
centre of face to clypeus ; hairs, or bristles, on face numerous, short and
black ; mouth-parts pale brownish ; ocelli small and black. Body cylin-
drical, plump, tapering to anal extremity. The dorsum falls off abruptly
from segment 9 to anal end, giving an arched appearance to the body.
Whole body green, almost same shade as grass upon which it is feeding,
April, 1910
6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
viz.: Kentucky Blue Grass ( Poa pratensis L. ), the venter being paler than
the dorsum. Bristles on body black and very short. Anal and 2nd
segments paler than rest of the body. Segments transversely wrinkled as
before, but not so conspicuously. ‘The medio-dorsal line and the six
lateral stripes are the same as in the end of last stage, all white. There
are in all seven stripes on either side of the medio-dorsal line, including the
stigmatal stripe. The space between the medio-dorsal line and the first
stripe on either side is wider than the space between the other stripes, and
unless examined with a lens this space appears as a wide dorsal band, on
account of the medio-dorsal line being inconspicuous, and the white of the
stripes on sides giving a whitish appearance to the whole larva. Stigmatal
band very wide, with a yellowish tinge. Thoracic feet semi-translucent ;
prolegs concolorous with venter.
The second moult was passed on August 2nd.
Stage 7/7.—Length, 5.5 mm. ‘The larva in this stage is much the
same as it was in Stage II. Head a little paler green than body ; ocelli
small, black, on a whitish prominence ; mouth-parts yellowish ; whole
surface of head has a roughened appearance and bears miuute short black
bristles ; around the mouth-parts are some slender pale hairs. The stripes
on the body on either side of the medio-dorsal line are not so regular in
width as in last stage. The rst and 2nd from medio-dorsal line are much
wider than the 3rd, 4th and sth, (the 2nd being wider than the tst,) and
appear as bands. The 6th and 7th are wide, of about equal width, but the
6th is rather inconspicuous, the 7th, the most conspicuous of all, being of a
bright whitish colour. The others are more or less tinged with yellow.
The sixth stripe is the stigmatal stripe. Spiracles small, yellowish, ringed
with brown and situated in the centre of the 6th, or stigmatal stripe. On
segment 12 the spiracle is in the centre of the 5th stripe ; on segment 2 on
lower edge of the 6th, or stigmatal stripe. ‘The whole body bears short
black bristles, as on head. All the feet corcolorous with venter ; lower
half of thoracic feet semi-translucent.
On August 14th the larva moulted for the third time.
Stage 7V.—Length, 7 mm. ‘The larva in this stage is about the same
as it was in the two previous stages. Head, 1 mm. wide, rounded, uni-
formly punctate, slightly larger than segment 2, and paler green than
skin of body ; short bristles as before. The body is shaped as before, the
medio-dorsal line and the markings on either side are the same as in last
stage, the 2nd stripe being much wider than the rst, 3rd, 4th and 5th, and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — 147
nearly as wide as the stigmatal and 7th band. Spiracles yellowish,
ringed with brown. The 7th band is the most conspicuous mark on the
body, being distinctly whitish in colour, with a bluish tint. The extremity
of the anal flap has a few pale blunt bristles, which protrude straight out-
wards. All the feet concolorous with the venter, as before.
Unfortunately, on Sept. 13th the larva died. At this date it was only
a little longer than the above measurement, viz., 8 mm. long. In view of
this it would seem possible that the larva hibernates in this stage. During
the above stages it was fed only on Kentucky Blue Grass, (Poa pratensts I..)
I have delayed the publication of the above notes, hoping that further
material would turn up for study, but this I have not been able to obtain.
SOME HETEROPTERA FROM VIRGINIA AND NORTH
CAROLINA.
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO AND G. P. ENGELHARDT.
In July and August of this year the junior author made a collecting
trip in Virginia and North Carolina, and he took with other things a small
number of Heteroptera, among them some of great interest.
In general, the little collection is striking on account of the number
of characteristically Southern forms in it. These number 14, out ofa
total of 39 species taken. The majority, as may be seen, is made up of
species familar to us in this region.
Pentatomide.
Mormidea lugens Fab.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, two specimens; Linville Falls, N. C.,
Aug. 15, one specimen. ‘This is common everywhere.
Solubea pugnax Fab.
Wilkesboro, N. C., Aug. 9, one specimen ; Virginia Beach, Va., July
20, one specimen. Fairly common in meadows and open woods.
A species sometimes found about New York. Previously recorded
from North Carolina, but seemingly not from Virginia.
Euschistus ictericus Linn.
Elizabeth City, North Carolina, July 24. A specimen with very
prominent pronotal angles. This is presumably a Northern form, but has
already been recorded from North Carolina. A number were observed
along the swampy margin of a bayou running through a cypress swamp,
where they were resting on the leaves of water-lilies and other plants,
some mating.
April, roto
lis THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
E. servus Say.
Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, one specimen. Of interest mainly on
account of the locality. Taken sweeping along the canal.
E. servus Say ? var. ?
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen.
E. fissilis Uli.
Wilkesboro, N. C., Aug. 9, one specimen. Apparently not hereto-
fore recorded from North Carolina. ‘Taken in pastures by sweeping.
Thyanta custator Fab.
Three specimens, one each from Blowing R., N. C., Aug. 13 ; Smith’s
Island, Aug. 3, and Wilmington, Aug. 1. This is widely distributed
throughout the United States.
Murgantia histrionica Hahn.
Virginia Beach, Va, July 20, one specimen. A purely Southern bug,
although at times it has been noted in New Jersey under exceptional con-
ditions. This, the only specimen taken, was swept near the seashore.
Nesara hilaris Say.
Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, one specimen. ‘This is larger than the
usual run in this locality. ‘This was found dead in a spider-web.
Dendrocoris fructicicola Bergr.
Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1, two specimens. Not previously recorded
from the State. Beaten from young oaks. -
Banasa Packardii Sta.
Smith’s Island, N. C., Aug. 3. ) oD ?
150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Eremocoris ferus ? Say.
Roanoke Id., N. C., July 22, a doubtful specimen. Sweeping.
Phlegyas abbreviatus Ubi.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one long-winged example. Sweeping.
Melanocoryphus bicructs Say.
Wilkesboro, N. C., Aug. 9, two specimens ; Linville Falls, N. C.,
Aug. 15, three specimens. Common in meadows and pasture lands.
Lygaus lineola Dallas.
Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, one specimen. Sweeping.
Aradide.
Neuroctenus elongatus Osb.
Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1. Described by Osborn from Ohio, and
recorded by Heidemann from North Carolina and Pennsylvania. Under
bark of pine.
Gerride.
Gerris marginatus Say.
Montezuma, N. C., Aug. 6, four specimens. Very common, as usual.
Reduviide.
Sinea diadema Vab.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen. Sweeping.
Arilus cristatus Linn.
Smith’s Id., N. C., Aug. 3, and Wilmington, Aug. 1.
Zelus bilobus Say.
Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1, three specimens ; Smith’s Id., N. C.,
Aug. 3, one specimen.
Z. cervicalis Stal.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen ; Roanoke Id., N. C.,
July 25, one specimen ; Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1, one specimen. This
and the preceding are distinctly Southern.
Z. luridus Stal.
Roanoke Id., N. C., July 25, one specimen. ‘This is common all
through the Atlantic States. These three species common in moist
situations.
Hygromystes 0. sp.
Roanoke Id., Aug. 1, two specimens. Swept from sedges back of
beach.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15]
Melanolestes picipes H. S.
Dismal Swamp, Va., July 20, one specimen.
—M. abdominalis H. S.
Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1, one specimen. Very common under
stones and logs.
Conorhinus sanguisugus Lec.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20; Smith’s Id, N.C., Aug. 3. This is
the ‘‘Big Bedbug,” a common Southern Reduviid, who at times performs
functions similar to his humbler and more malodorous domesticated
namesake. Taken under bark or logs.
Phymatide.
Phymata erosa Linn.
Virginia Beach, Va., July 20, one specimen; Roanoke Id., N. C.,
July 25, one specimen ; Wilmington, N. C., Aug. 1, two specimens. Very
common.
Gelastocoride.
Gelastocoris N. sp..
Roanoke Id., N. C., July 25, two specimens of an undescribed form.
Taken near beach.
Corixide.
Corixa sp.
Dismal Swamp, Va., July 22, four specimens of a small form. At-
tracted to light.
Notonectide.
Notonecta undulata Say.
Johnston City, N. C., Aug. 17.
BOOK NOTICE.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE GENERATION OF INSECTS: by Francis Redi, of
Arezzo, ‘Translated from the Italian edition of 1688 by Mab Bigelow.
Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago.
The average entomologist of to-day is apt, perhaps, to give little
thought to the work of the pioneers of biological science in pre-Linnzan
times, partly no doubt because the records of such work are not easily
accessible to many. Such a book as this excellent English translation of
Redi’s famous work is therefore to be welcomed by all who would be
acquainted with the work and character of the great Italian naturalist,
152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
In the time of Redi belief in the origin of insects and most of the
lower animals by spontaneous generation was almost universal, but he
proved by a series of experiments recorded here that flies, bees and other
insects are hatched as larve from fertilized eggs, and that the larve
develop into the mature insects. After discussing the beliefs of the
ancient Greek philosophers and others whose authority held weight in
his time, Redi describes a number of experiments, by which he
demonstrates that the maggots which appear in decaying meat change into
pupe (‘‘eggs”), and that from these pupe flies emerge. He also
discovered the hatching of maggots from true eggs, and determined that
these eggs were deposited by flies. ‘The proof that the maggots and flies
were not generated from the meat, but always from eggs deposited by flies
of the same kind, was furnished by the discovery that meat placed in closed
vessels or underground did not become wormy. By using the flesh of
many kinds of animals in his experiments, he also showed that the species
of flies obtained were independent of the kind of meat in which they were
bred. Cheese-flies and fruit-flies were also proved to develop from larve
hatched from eggs.
The habits and life-histories of many other animals are discussed, and
the absurdity of the current beliefs concerning their origin exposed. ‘The
widespread beliefs in the origin of bees from the decayed flesh of bulls,
wasps and hornets frem horses, scorpions from the dead bodies of their
own kind, spiders from flying seeds, and filth, ‘ete., are all shown to be
myths and old wives’ tales. :
Special attention is given to the consideration of gall insects and
parasites of various kinds. Unfortunately, although Redi attempted to
disprove the generation of these forms from the tissues of their hosts, his
investigations were not complete enough to demonstrate his idea, and only
led him back to his former trust in the teachings of Aristotle.
The translation is written in a clear, simple style, and includes in the
introduction a short life of Redi and a bibliography. The illustrations,
most of which represent various species of Mallophaga and _ parasitic
Hemiptera, are reproductions of those in the Italian edition, and exhibit
a considerable degree of accuracy.
One error may be noticed here. The insect called by Redi
“ Cavallucci” is not a Mantis but a Phasmid, probably Baci//us Rossit
Fab. This is evident from the illustrations.
Mailed April 12th, 1910.
CaN. ENT., VOL. XLII. PLATE 5.
FIGS. 2 AND 3.—HABITAT OF CHRYSOPHANUS EPIXANTHE
BD, & Lec, AT TOMAHAWK LAKE, MICH,
Che H anadian Fontomolagist,
Vou. XLIL. LONDON, MAY, roto. No. s.
CHRYVSOPHANUS DORCAS KIRBY, AND RELATED SPECIES
IN THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN.
BY WILLIAM W. NEWCOMB, M.D., DETROIT, MICH.
The principal object of this paper is to present some observations
upon three species of Chrysophanus, dorcas, epixanthe and helloides, which
were found in Dickinson County during the summer of 1909, while the
author was collecting insects for the Michigan Geological and Natural
History Survey. Through the courtesy of Dr. Alexander G. Ruthven,
Chief Field Nature'ist of the Survey, I am enabled to give these notes in
advance of the full report.
Up to the time these observations were made, I could obtain no
authentic records of any of these butterflies from Michigan, except of
dorcas from the Lower Peninsula, But on this expediticn definite data
were secured of the occurrence of all three in Dickinson County, in the
Upper Peninsula. From the time of arrival of the party in the field
diligent search was made for both dorcas and epixanthe and their food-
plants, as it was particularly desired to add to the knowledge of the
distribution of these species in Michigan.
The food-plant of dorcas, the shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruti-
cosa), which I discovered in the summer of 1908, while making investiga-
tions upon this insect in the southern part of the State, was not found by
us in Dickinson County until the second of August. On this date a
member of the party brought in a spray of the plant from Waucedah, a
small town some sixteen miles south of Brown Lake. On the fourth of
August I was able to visit the locality, and found, just east of the railroad
station at Waucedah, many acres of the shrubby cinquefoil (locally called
“nine-bark”), (pl. IV, fig. 1). It was very thrifty, the bushes being fine large
ones, and few having the dwarfed appearance of those often seen in Oakland
County, in the southern part of the State. In fact, in spots it fairly
crowded out all other vegetation. Notwithstanding the late date, the
imagoes of dovcas were abundant; some of the males were worn and
some in good shape, while all of the females observed, with one exception,
Wt THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
were in fine condition. No pairs in copulation were seen, and no eggs
were found upon examination of a large bunch of the cinquefoil. The
bright condition of the butterflies, absence of eggs, etc., indicated one of
two things—either dorcas appears much later in the northern part of the
State than in the southern, or the season of 1909 was unusually late. The
latter was undoubtedly the case, for the species was taken in good con-
dition in both sexes in Oakland County the same summer on July 25th, a
date at least two, perhaps three, weeks later. Further observations,
however, are needed on the exact time of appearance in a normal year,
since the past two summers (1908 and 1909) in which this species has
been studied, have been unusually backward in Southern Michigan.
While the difference in latitude might account for a slight difference in the
dates of appearance, it should be noted that the conditions which the bogs
present to the butterflies, at least in the vegetation and low temperature,
are probably little different north or south in the State, for the bogs in
Southern Michigan preserve their boreal character, although set in more
southern surroundings.
Until we found them at Waucedah, our search for the /ruticosa and
dorcas had been confined to the country about Brown Lake, practically
entirely away from the inroads of cifilization. Apparently very favourable
localities existed for the plant about the margins of the bogs and lakes in
that region, but it could not be found. I mention this, as it would seem
that Dasiphora fruticosa and its tenant dorcas can enter such regions
only after the latter have been altered by man, or that considerable open
areas (natural or artificial) about the borders of bogs, etc., are necessary
for the successful establishment of this shrub.
I was able to make only one other short trip to the Waucedah
habitat on the ninth of August. The condition of the females, still bright
and fresh and more numerous than five days before, two pairs in copula-
tion and only slight evidence of oviposition (only two eggs having been
found on a large lot of /ruticosa), emphasized the late flight of the species..
Sixty females were collected, and I find that the most noticeable
difference between this series of females and those taken in Southern
Michigan lies in the predominant amount of yellow in the northern ones
(form forus). ‘There is not a specimen in the lot that does not show an
indication of yellow, while in about one-fourth of them it is conspicuous in
a nearly complete band adjacent to the outer side of the transverse row
of black spots. In the others there are various gradations in the amount
of yellow down to an almost entire absence of that colour, This is in
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155
contrast to the conditions in Southern Michigan, where the form of the
female without any yellow is the usual one, the intergrades with varying
amounts of yellow coming next and those with the nearly complete band
occurring comparatively rarely. The bright effect in those specimens of
florus with the yellow predominating is heightened by an extension of the
line of orange crescents from anal angle along the outer border ; three, and
sometimes four, well-marked crescents in such cases may be counted. In
typical dorcas from Southern Michigan these crescents are practically
obliterated, and in forus reduced to one or two, rarely three.
A form of the female which had not previouly been met with was
found in the Waucedah habitat. ‘There were seven examples collected,
two of which are particularly noteworthy. In these, the ground colour is
of a uniformly lighter shade of brown than in the ordinary form, the entire
surface of both wings is more or less stippled with a darker brown, the
black dots are less conspicuous because of the stippling, the orange
crescent at the anal angle is nearly obsolete, and the yellow on the fore
wings is merely indicated. The other five present these differences less
prominently and grade into the normal form, but four of them exhibit
more or less of the yellow of forus. None of the males show any note-
worthy variations, but I might add that I have one male from Oakland
County in which there is a slight stippling in the darker, outer portion of
the hind wings.
The distribution of effxanthe in Michigan is virtually unknown,
except as it may be partially inferred from the presence of cranberry bogs,
in the vicinity of which it occurs. Personally, I believe it will be found
at many points in the State, both north and south. A number of years
ago this species was reported from Grand Rapids,* but evidently in error
for dorcas. It has also been stated as occurring on Isle Royale, but this
again appears to be a doubtful record. ‘The late Dr. Fletcher, quoted in
the 1909 Isle Royale Report, says of epzxanthe :+
“This is the only species I have some doubts about. There is no
doubt that some of the records of ef/txanthe should be of the rare and
little-understood species dorvcas, which occurs in the Lake Superior region
and into Manitoba. IJtds easily distinguished from efzvanthe by its slightly
larger size and the brilliant orange wash on the under surface. ftxanthe
*Robt. H. Wolcott: Butterflies of Grand Rapids, Mich., CAN. ENT., Vol.
XXV, p. 103.
tAn Ecological Survey of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Chas. C. Adams, 1909.
Published as part of the Report of the Board of Geological Survey of Michigan
for 1908, p..274.
156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
I have only actually taken myself in Ontario. Dorcas 1 have from
Nepigon on Lake Superior, the Bruce Peninsula and from Manitoba, west
of that the form, for it is hardly a variety, forus, which is really only a
dimorphic form of Ae//oides, occurs, and has, I think, sometimes been
recorded as ¢pixanthe. The reference of florus to dorcas instead of
helloides as a variety, which was done by Dr. Dyar, has, in my opinion,
no reason in it at all.”
This is a mistake. /Vorus does not belong to Ae//ofdes ; it is simply
a form of dorcas, and occurs only in the female sex. Why Dr. Fletcher
should have been in doubt as to the identification of ¢p/xanthe is not
clear, unless he failed to see all the specimens, for four were reported as
captured, and it would seem as though some one of them would have been
recognizable.
Epixanthe was located in Dickinson County in at least two places,
and possibly in a third. It was first found at Tomahawk Lake (PI. V, figs.
2 and 3), a small lake of about ten acres extent, just west of Brown Lake.
Surrounding the lake was a typical black spruce and tamarack bog, from
which the higher vegetation was largely removed by the fierce forest fires
of the preceding season, which had left only a few trees and a margin of
unburnt vegetation a few feet to forty or fifty feet wide at the water’s edge.
Within this area grew a variety of bog plants and a goodly amount of
cranberry.
Epixanthe was first detected in this bog on July oth. It was in its
prime from about the rth to the 17th, on each of which dates and on the
15th a fair number were observed flying. Males were always more
numerous than females, in the proportion of four or five to one. The last
seen at Tomahawk Lake were on the 3oth, when three or four worn males
and one female were observed. On August 18th a belated female was
met with near Tamarack Lake, about two miles south of Brown Lake- A
brief search resulted in the finding of some cranberry nearby. The third
instance in which the species was probably detected was on July 24th,
when a small butterfly, which I took to be effxanthe, was flushed out, but
not captured, in a cedar tamarack swamp not far from Brown Lake ;
cranberry was also growing there.
The butterflies of efixanthe were very uniform, and differed from
specimens from other localities only in a slight difference in the colour of
the under surface. ‘This was a purer, chalky-white, especially on the hind
wings, than in specimens from Ottawa, Canada, and Lakewood, New
Jersey, examples from the last named place being decidedly yellowish,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157
Helloides, as was to be expected, was found at several points,
although nowhere commonly, the greatest number seen on any one day
being six or seven at Foster City. It was also observed at Norway,
Waucedah, Brown Lake, Tomahawk Lake, Jackson Lake, etc. There
were two generations, the first one being met with during the latter part
of June and the first part of July, the second one in fresh specimens on
August 9th and 14th. Michigan is the most eastern State in which the
species has yet been found, although Dickinson County is in about the
same longitude (87°-88° west) as Lake County, in the north-western part
of Indiana, where /e//oides is also known. This is a western butterfly,
and its occurrence in the Upper Peninsula is an addition to the western
element in the fauna of that region.
Two other species of the genus, Aypophleas and thoé, were also met
with in the County, but not at any time in numbers.
WISCONSIN BEES—NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES.
BY S. GRAENICHER, PUBLIC MUSEUM, MILWAUKEE.
(Continued from page 104.)
Anthidium, Yabr.
Anthidium ( Protanthidium) Chippewaense, n. sp.
g.—Length about 15 mm. Black, with bright yellow markings.
Body closely punctured all over, especially so on head and thorax, clothed
with fulvous pubescence on vertex, mesonotum and pleurx, and whitish
pubescence on face and thorax underneath. Scutellum slightly bilobed.
Clypeus and sides of face whitish-yellow. Apical margin of clypeus with
a row of five small black teeth. Mandibles whitish-yellow with black tips.
A yellow line behind the eye above, and markings of the same colour on
the following parts of the body: A line on posterior margin of tubercle,
a spot at base and two spots near the apex (one in each corner) of each
tibia on its outer surface ; outer surfaces of all the metatarsi ; dorsal bands
on abdominal segments 1 to 6, interrupted on 1. These bands border on
the narrow depressed black apical margins of the segments. They are
very narrow in the middle of segments 1 to 4, broaden out laterally, and
show a distinct emargination anteriorly on each side of band 1 to 4. On
segment 5 the band is broad, on 6 still broader, taking up the greater part
of the segment, deeply emarginated anteriorly in the middle. Dorsum of
segment 7 entirely black, truncate at apex, with rounded corners, a median
carina, and ending in a median distinct tooth.
May, 1910
158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
§.—Somewhat smaller than the male, but of the same general
appearance. Clypeus and sides of face of the same bright yellow colour
as the markings of other parts of the body. Face-marks narrowing above,
and extending up along the anterior orbits to a greater distance than in
the male. Mandibles entirely black. A line behind the eye above, a
spot on each side of the thorax just above the anterior half of the tegule,
and two spots on the scutellum yellow. Scutellum not bilobed. Tibie
with a yellow spot on the outer surface near the base. Inner surfaces of
metatarsi with fulvous pubescence. Yellow continuous bands on abdo-
minal segments 1 to 5, not reaching the sides of the segments, narrow in
the middle, broadened laterally, slightly emarginate on the outer borders
of bands 3 to 5. Band on segment 1 interrupted in one of the specimens.
Ventral scopa light fulvous.
Types: August 3, 1909, Indian village at the juncture of the Lower
Tamarack and St. Croix Rivers, Pine Co., Minnesota. On the flowers of
Rudbeckia laciniata. (Nos. 31757 and 31758.)
Paratypes: ‘Three ?’s taken between July 28 and August 2 on the
Wisconsin side of the St. Croix River, near the mouth of the Yellow River
in Burnett Co. These specimens were collected from the flowers of
Rudbeckia hirta. This species is very similar to Protanthidium
Cockerelli Titus, occurring in Colorado.
Flalictus Vatr.
Halictus Vierecki Craw.
H. Vierecki Crawford, Ent. News, XV, 79, 2.
4.—Length about 4 mm. Head and mesonotum dull metallic-green,
pleura of the same brassy colour as head and thorax in the female.
Abdomen more reddish than in the female, with blackish clouds, especially
on the last four segments. Pubescence whitish throughout, notably on
the face (golden-yellow in the female). Antenne long and slender, scape
and first joint of flagellum dark brown, the remaining joints testaceous on
their lower surfaces, brown above. Legs darker than in the female.
One ¢ (No. 29435), mouth of Yellow River, Burnett Co., Wis.,
taken between July 28 and 31, 1909, on the flowers of Ceanothus Ameri-
canus. Nineteen 9's were obtained in the same locality during the same
period, as also at Randall, Burnett Co., Wis., from Aug. § to 7, 1909, from
the flowers of Ceanothus Americanus and Solidago graminifolia. They
were collected by the Milw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped., and are all in the
collection of the Museum.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159
This species, which was described from female specimens found in
New Jersey and the District of Columbia, has a wide range of distribution.
It is not uncommon in north-western Wisconsin at the points mentioned,
and a few years ago I received, through the kindness of Mr. Hartmann,
of Austin, Tex., four female specimens from that locality.
Sphecodes Latr.
Sphecodes Davisti Rob.
S. Davisit Robertson, Trans. St. Louis Ac. Sc., VII, 319, ¢.
4.—Nine specimens from 7 to ro mm. in length. In some of these
the black on the basal portion of the first abdominal segment takes up
nearly the entire segment, leaving only a narrow apical strip of red.
Second segment entirely red, third either entirely red or with a black apical
margin.
? .—Head dull, closely punctured. A prominent median ridge from
the front ocellus down to the base of the antennze. Mandible with a very
distinct tooth. Antennze rather short and thickened towards the tip, black,
with a slight trace of reddish underneath. Mesonotum dull, strongly and
closely punctured, on the disk, however, as also on the scutellum, where
the punctures are farther apart, the surface is somewhat shining. A dis-
tinct rim bordering the semicircular enclosure of the metathorax.
Enclosure, truncation and sides of the metathorax all coarsely sculptured.
Wings not as clear as in the male, and nervures darker. Abdomen red,
sometimes with a blackish hue around the tip. First segment shining and
impunctate. Remaining segments finely and closely punctured, except on
the depressed apical borders of segments 2 to 4. Length, 8 to ro mm.
Fourteen @ specimens from Milwaukee, Racine and Washington
Cos. in Wisconsin, and one 2 from Ludington, Mason Co., Michigan.
In size, sculpture and opaque appearance of head and thorax the
female of this species, which isa Sfhecodes sens. strict., as defined by
‘Robertson, resembles two other species of the Milwaukee region, viz: S.
( Proteraner) ranuncult Rob., and S. (Drepanium) falcifer Patton.
Andrena Vabr.
Andrena FPeckhami Cxll.
A. Peckhami Cockerell, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, IX, 105, 9.
Q.—The type is about 8% mm. long, but the length may reach
Io mm.
g.—Length, 7-8 mm. Head very large, clothed with long white
hairs. Face broad, shining, anterior border of clypeus slightly emarginate.
Mandibles long and curved, dentate, rufous at apex. Antenne black,
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
joint 3 about equal to 4+5. Cheeks broad and subquadrate, shining,
slightly convex, with an upturned rim along the hind margin, and a
rounded lower angle situated below the middle of the eye. ‘Thorax shin-
ing, covered with long and soft white pubescence, intermixed with short
and black pubescence on the mesonotum, Abdomen shining, with dis-
tinct apical bands of white hair on segments 2 to 4, widely interrupted on 2.
Eleven ¢ specimens from Milwaukee, the type locality. Besides, 1
have taken both sexes at Cedar Lake, Washington Co., Wis., and at
various points along the St. Croix River in north-western Wisconsin, from
the Nemakagon River in Burnett Co., on down to Farmington Township
in Polk Co. (Milw. Publ. Mus. coll. exped.)
As Prof. Cockerell has remarked (loc. cit., p. 105), this species is
very close to A. parnassia Ckll., but the latter makes its appearance later,
around the last week in August, and visits exclusively the flowers of
Parnassia caroliniana. A. Peckhamt, on the other hand, flies from the
second week in July on to near the middle of August, and visits especially
the flowers of the Composite. In the type specimens, as stated by Prof.
Cockerell, the first recurrent nervure joins the second submarginal cell at
its middle in farnassia, and considerably beyond the middle in Peckham,
but a series of specimens shows these characters as being variable, and
therefore not reliable in separating the two. ‘The presence of distinct
abdominal hair-bands in the male of Peckham distinguishes it from the
male of parnassia, and the two differ besides in the shape of the cheeks,
which are subquadrate in /eckami, subtriangular, with a distinct angle
above the middle of the eye in parnassia.
Andrena clypeonitens Cll.
A. clypeonitens Cockerell, Can. Ent., XXXIV, 47, 2.
f.—Length about 9mm. _ Black, with ochreous pubescence as in
the female ; head, abdomen and legs shining, thorax dull. Antenne black,
joint 3 slightly longer than 5, the latter equalling 4. Mandibles long and
curved, black, notched near the apex. Cheeks broad, shining, subtrian-
gular, with a reflexed hind margin and a distinct angle slightly above the
middle of the eye. Legs black, posterior tarsi somewhat ferruginous.
Abdomen with bands of short ochreous hair on the posterior margins of
segments 2 to 4 in one of the specimens (No. 31727, Milwaukee, August
18, 1908); in the second (No. 29014, Nemakagon River, Burnett Co.,
Wis., July 25, 1909), these bands are not developed. Both males in the
collection of the Milw. Publ. Museum.
This bee has been found also at Cedar Lake, Washington Co., Wis,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161
NOTES ON A FEW SCOLYTIDZ.
BY J. M. SWAINE, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUEBEC.
The three American species of Xy/eborus, pyri Zimm., tachygraphus
Zimm., and odesus Lec., form a well-defined group among the described
American species of the genus. They are distinguished by the short, stout
form, and by the peculiar minute and humpbacked males. These species
have been separated as the genus Anisandrus F., and by others as the
subgenus Ansandrus. In view of intermediate forms the separation of
these species as a distinct genus would hardly seem warranted. The
genus Xy/eborus, as at present constituted, however, contains about 240
species, and subgenera would be convenient. I consider the forms named
above, together with the species described in this paper, as belonging to
the subgenus Anzsandrus. Dr. LeConte has described the antennal
funicle of these species as ‘“4-jointed.” This is certainly an error. The
funicle is distinctly 5-segmented, with the first segment large and sub-
globular. In N. Y. State Museum Bulletin, 134, plate 13, fig. 42, the
description should read: ‘‘Part of antennal funicle and antennal club.”
Pyri Zimm., has long been considered a synonym of the European
form, dispar Fabr. From a careful comparison of American and Euro-
pean specimens I feel satisfied that all belong to one species, but I find
in my specimens slight but constant differences. In the American speci-
mens the minute reticulations of the chitin are so developed that the body
is quite opaque, but little shining; in the European specimens these
reticulations are less developed, and the body is decidedly shining. The
American males have the first three interspaces of the elytral disk rough,
with transverse ridges ; the European males have these interspaces nearly
smooth. From my specimens it would appear that Ay7zz Zimm., is a
variety of dispar Fabr. If these differences are found to be constant,
they have perhaps been developed since fruit trees were first brought to
America.
Of the other two described American species, fachygraphus appears
to be quite distinct. The original description of Zimmerman is here
quoted :
“X. tachygraphus Zimm,— Long, 11% lin.; brown; antennz and feet
ferruginous-yellow ; prothorax not longer than wide, roughly tuberculate,
more coarsely in front than behind, thinly pubescent ; elytra short cylin-
drical, behind obtusely rounded, punctate-striate, the intervals also
punctured, with fine rows of hairs, and behind also with small elevated
May, 1910
162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
teeth. North Carolina. (This species is also found in Pennsylvania.—
Lec.)”
The females are readily distinguished from those of the allied species
by the granulations of the caudal half of the pronotum and the teeth of the
declivital interspaces. The pronotum appears almost square from above,
and the entire disk is rough, with large flattened spines in front, reduced
to small flattened granules behind. The elytra are 1% times as long as
the pronotum ; sides straight to beyond the bend of the declivity ; sutural
strie more strongly impressed, particularly on the declivity ; second and
third interspaces wider on the declivity and each bearing three or four
acute denticles, those of the second larger; the outer interspaces each
with a few acute granules. I have not seen males of this species.
I have never seen a specimen which I could reconcile with Dr.
LeConte’s description of odesus, quoted below. Apparently it has the
general characters of dispar, about the same length, 3 mm., but a much
stouter form and more widely-spaced elytral punctures. It cannot be the
form here described as serratus—the teeth of the declivital ridge in
serratus (Q) are very distinct. It may be a large variety of the form here
described as minor; that can only be determined by an examination of
the type. It cannot, of course, be the male of dispar, for the length given
for obesus is entirely too great.
Original description of X. obesus Lec, (LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., 1868, page 159): ‘“X. odesus.—Short and stout, cylindrical,
blackish-brown, thinly clothed with long, soft, erect pale hairs, antenne
reddish-brown ; head convex, coarsely but not densely punctured ; pro-
thorax rather broader than long, strongly roughened with subacute
tubercles in front, nearly smooth behind; elytra with rows of large
punctures, not very closely set, intervals flat, marked with small distant
punctures, from which proceed the long hairs; tip obliquely declivous,
not tuberculate, but with the striae somewhat impressed, and the side and
tip acutely margined, as in the two preceding species. Long, 3 mm.
Virginia, Massachusetts and Canada. Differs from the two preceding
by its much stouter form and by the absence of the small acute tubercles
of the declivous tip of the elytra.”
Xyleborus serratus, nv. sp.—Female: Length, 34-3 mm.; width,
1%-144 mm. Black, and sparsely clothed with long, slender grayish
hairs, which are shorter on the disk of the pronotum. It is closely allied
to dispar (9), but differs in the following characters: Itis larger and
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163
stouter ; the front is more shining, with the epistomal carina often more
strongly developed. The disk of the pronctum is more shining behind.
The elytra bear regular rows of punctures, which are smaller than those of
dispar, and not so closely placed. In serratus the diameter of the
punctures is almost always distinctly less than the distance between the
punctures in the rows. (In dspar the diameter of the punctures is
usually equal to or greater than the distance between the punctures in the
rows ; this is more noticeable near the suture.) ‘These punctures bear
very minute hairs. The interspaces bear in front minute punctures, which
are replaced behind by small granules. From these punctures and granules
arise the long hairs with which the elytra are clothed. The seventh inter-
space is raised behind into an acute, serrate ridge, which forms the ventral
margin of the deciivity on the sides. ‘This ridge bears three or four acute,
curved, separated spines and several smaller acute granules. This ridge
is present also in @zspar, but is not so strongly raised, not so acute, and
though usually slightly crenulate, and sometimes with one or two minute
granules, is never at all serrate. In serratus the fifth abdominal sternite
has the punctures of the median area much smaller and sparser than those
on the sides, and the anterior margin of the fourth sternite is usually nearly
smooth. In d@spar the abdominal sternites are usually equally punctured.
In serratus the anterior tibize are wider than in dispar, and with the teeth
longer and more closely placed. Aside from these differences, the sculp-
ture of serratus (¢ ) agrees closely with that of aspar.
Male: Length, 124-134 mm. _ Front moderately convex, sometimes
with a slight median impression, shining, with punctures sparse and small
across median area, but close on epistomal margin ; hairs long and slender,
with dense fringe of shorter yellow hairs along epistomal margin. The
pronotum is raiher sparsely clothed with long slender hairs. The outline
from above is subcircular, very slightly narrowed in front and broadly
rounded in front and behind. The cephalic asperations are very minute.
The caudal half is finely punctured, with a smooth median space of
variable extent. ‘The elytra are sparsely hairy, with long hairs from the
interspaces, and with rows of widely-separated punctures (much as in
the ?) bearing short hairs ; interspaces with small punctures, and minute
granules behind. The interspaces are not much roughened. ‘The ridge
of the seventh interspace on the declivity is, as in the allied males, not
much developed, with a few small granules, but no teeth. ‘The tibize are
more slender than in the female and with fewer teeth. The venter is
sparsely and coarsely punctured. In Aetula lutea, diseased trees, Ste,
Anne de Bellevue, Que.; St. Hilaire, Que.
1ut THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
There is a smaller form belonging to this subgenus which may be
obesus Lec., but which is constantly much smaller than the length, 3 mm.,
given by Dr. LeConte. Among many specimens of this smaller form
collected in Quebec and New York State I find no considerable variation
in size, 244-214 mm. long. I present here a description of these small
specimens as X. obesus, variety minor.
Xyleborus obesus, variety minor.—Female: Length, 24-2 mm.;
width : length :: 60: 137 (average of pinned specimens.) Front convex,
punctured and sparsely hairy, with epistomal fringe, median carina
very faint. Pronotum, outlined from above, slightly wider than long
(60: 50-55), truncate behind, very slightly rounded on the sides and
very broadly rounded in front; asperate in front and sparsely punctured
behind, with the faintest trace of a median carina; sparsely hairy.
Elytra : width : length :: 60: 80 (average); hairy, slender hairs from
the interspaces ; rows of punctures very slightly impressed, noticeably
so on the declivity ; punctures of the rows more widely spaced than in
dispar, the distance between the punctures in the rows usually greater
than the diameter of the punctures ; the interspaces wide, with irregular,
very fine punctures replaced by minute granules behind ; the seventh
interspace ridged behind and forming the ventral margin of the declivity,
as in dispar, but with a few acute granules,
Male: ‘The front is sparsely punctured and with long hairs. The
carina is slightly developed. ‘The epistomal fringe is longer and thinner
than in serratus (¢). The asperations of the pronotum are sparse but
well developed ; the caudal half is punctured as usual, but the smooth
median space is absent in my specimens; the outline from above is
broadly rounded in front and behind, more strongly narrowed in front
than in serratus (¢), but not so strongly as in dispar (¢); sparsely
hairy, as in serratus. Elytra much as in serratus (6), hairy, and with
rows of widely-spaced punctures. In Betula lutea, B. populifolia, Acer,
diseased trees. Montreal Island, St. Hilaire, Que.; Ithaca, N. Y.
Xyleborus dispar ¥.—Male: Length, 2 mm. _ Front nearly opaque,
punctured and hairy, much as in serratus ( 2 ), but with the median carina
of the ? distinct. The pronotum is coarsely asperate in front, but
slightly less so than in the @, punctured behind, and with a distinct
smooth median space. ‘The long hairs are developed only on the sides,
the hairs of the disk being very short. The outline of the pronotum from
above js strongly narrowed in front and narrowly rounded. The elytra
also have the disk nearly naked, the long hairs forming a fringe around
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165
the sides aud behind. The rows of punctures are slightly impressed, so
that the elytra is faintly striate. The punctures are large, deeply im-
pressed, and as closely placed as in the female. The interstrial punctures
and granules are much as in the female.
Key To THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS ANISANDRUS FERR.
A. Body stout, cylindric ; hind wings well developed........ Females.
B. Pronotum rough throughout, asperations in front, granules
behind ; elytral declivity with teeth on 2nd and 3rd inter-
SPACES Ss hath areata sen apoee-s ean .....lachygraphus Zimm.
BB. Pronotum nearly smooth behind, 2nd and 3rd interspaces
of the elytra without teeth.
C. The ridge formed on the declivity by 7th interspace
strongly and sparsely toothed...... serratus, N. sp.
CC. The above ridge not toothed.
D. Length, 3 mm. to 344 mm.; pronotum as long
as wide; punctures of elytral striz closely
placed, the distance between the punctures
equal to or less than the diameter of the
PMRCROTES 2 6 girs co sche ate afro a Sete dispar F.
DD. Length, 24%/-2'% mm.; pronotum wider than
long, width : length :: 6: 5 ; outline of prono-
tum from above very broadly rounded in
front and truncate behind; punctures of
elytral striz more closely placed, distance
between punctures usually greater than
diameter of punctures. i. 2... 8.055. minor.*
AA. Body much smaller, fattened, hump-backed and oval in outline from
above ; wings very small, functionless.................. Males.
B. Pronotum and elytra with central portion with only very short
hairs, elytra striate, punctures closely placed, regular, inter-
spaces with large granules behind.............. dispar ¥.
BB. Body entirely clothed with long hairs above ; elytra with
rows of punctures, punctures more widely spaced, variably
irregular behind, interspaces with the granules very small. —
C. Pronotum with very minute asperations ; larger,
Tye UMA taste vt a dhe goo lee serratus, 0. sp.
CC. Pronotum with sparse, well-developed asperations in
front ; smaller, 1-144 mm........ pacer minor.*
“A variety of obesus Lec. (?)
166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PENTATOMIDA2 FROM NEBRASKA,
RY J. T. ZIMMER, UNIVERSITY OF NEPRASKA.
While working over the material contained in the collection of the
University of Nebraska, two undescribed species of Pentatomide have
thus far come to my notice.
Family PENTATOMID2.
Subfamily Cydnine.
Annectus pallidus, n. sp. (Fig. to, a, b, c).
General appearance of 4. pusi//us Uhler. Colour flavo-testaceous.
Head rounded ; tylus very slightly exceeding juga, and with four terminal
comb-teeth ; juga, each with five comb-teeth ; head coarsely punctured.
Margins of pronotum convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, distinctly
Fic, 10.—Annectus pallidus, n. sp.—a, Entire in-
Fic. 11.—Fuschistus latimar- sect (x 16); b, Head (greatly enlarged); c,
ginatus,n. sp. (x 2.5, Anterior leg (greatly enlarged).
impressed, transverse line posteriorly ; back of this line and on lateral
submargin distinctly, coarsely punctured ; punctures on rest of pronotum
finer, less distinct, with the exception of a submarginal row of small but
distinct punctures on anterior edge, as in A. subferrugineus Hope, and
another such row along posterior margin. Scutellum with large, distinct
punctures ; basal impunctate margin separated from punctate portion by
distinct, transverse, impressed line. Corium rather heavily punctate,
exceeding abdomen in length; posterior margin trisinuate. Abdomen
May, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167
with prostrate pubescence. Legs flavo-testaceous; tibiz armed with
spines, those on anterior tibix stouter, piceous. Anterior femora (at least
in ?) with large arcuate, bifid teeth as in 4. spinifrons (Say). Antenne
flavo-testaceous ; second joint small, third joint longest, fourth and fifth
joints equal. Length (9), 2.75 mm.; humeral breadth (?), 1.25 mm.
Type, 1 2, South-east Nebraska (L. Bruner), in University of
Nebraska collection.
_ This small form is easily recognized by the bifid tooth on the anterior
femora, by the size, and by the number of comb-teeth on the juga.
Subfamily Pentatomine.
Euschistus latimarginatus, n. sp. (Fig. 11.)
General appearance of Z. fissivis Uhler, but form much _ broader
posteriorly, Colour pale yellow, distinctly punctured with fuscous or
black, the punctures tending more or less to coalesce and group themselves
irregularly, especially along the latero-anterior pronotal submargins, the
margins being calloused, impunctate, pale. Juga longer than the tylus,
leaving the apex of the head distinctly incised as in &. fissé/is Uhler.
Antenne pale at base, fifth and distal half of fourth joint blackish; second,
third, fourth and fifth joints subequal, longer than the first joint; first joint
reaching at least as far as distal end of tylus, Latero-anterior margins of
pronotum concave; humeral angles prominent, subacute. Tip of
scutellum paler, impunctate. Membrane immaculate. Hemelytra much
narrower than the abdomen, leaving connexivum exposed. Connexivum
broad, calloused, pale, forming a conspicuous lateral margin to abdomen
when viewed dorsally. Legs dotted with fuscous. Venter more or less
distinctly punctured ; punctures on pectus larger and more distinct than
those on abdomen. Angles of ventral abdominal segments darker, but
without conspicuous black points. Length (@), 14.5-15 mm.; humeral
breadth (2), 8-9.5 mm.; breadth of abdomen (¢ ), 8 mm.
Type, t 9, Dewey Lake Township, Cherry Co., Nebraska, June (R.
H. Wolcott). Paratypes, two ?’s, Brady Island, Nebraska, May, 1896
(L. Bruner) ; 1 9, Dismal River, Nebraska, July, 1889 (L. Bruner); 1 9,
Halsey, Nebraska, June, 190-, (L. Bruner, J. C. Crawford). Type and
paratypes in University of Nebraska collection.
This form is very readily recognized by the head with the apex
incised, by the broad, pale, exposed connexivum, and by the immaculate
membrane. It is a sand-hills form, Dewey Lake Township, Brady Island,
Dismal River and Halsey being situated in typical sand-hill country. So
far, all specimens taken have been females.
168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A NEW GELECHIA INQUILINOUS IN CECIDOMYIID GALLS.
BY AUGUST BUSCK, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Gelechia inguilinella, new species.
Labial palpi normal for the genus, with moderate furrowed brush,
longest at base, gradually shorter towards the tip of second joint ; second
joint white, strongly sprinkled with blackish fuscous scales ; terminal joint
nearly as long as second, blackish fuscous, slightly sprinkled with white.
Antenne slightly serrated, bluish-black, each joint spotted with white on
the under side. Face light steel-gray; head darker gray, tipped with
black. Thorax blackish fuscous. Fore wings with whitish ground colour,
but so heavily overlaid with bluish-black and dark fuscous scales as to
appear blackish-fuscous to the naked eye. On the middle of the cell is a
small, obscure, ill-defined black spot ; on the fold below and at the end of
the cell are similar equally obscure black spots, both slightly edged by a
few dark ochreous scales. Cilia light gray. Hind wings broader than
the fore wings, light shining fuscous ; cilia still lighter, with an ochreous
tint. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs blackish fuscous, with the tuft on
the posterior tibial light straw-coloured. Venation typical; hind wings
with 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 short-stalked.
Alar expanse, 14-15 mmm.
Habitat: Karner, New York. Issued March 24, 1910.
Type, U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 13119.
* Bred from brassicoides gall of Cecidomyiid on willow ” (Felt).
Received from Dr. E, P. Felt, who has asked me to publish this
description for his use in connection with his work on Cecidomyiide. The
species is an obscure looking, typical Gelechia, nearest in coloration and
oral parts to Gelechia pravinomine//a Chambers.
OBITUARY.
The Rev. Jeremiah Lott Zabriskie, well known for his work in Ento-
mology and Microscopy, died at his home in Brooklyn, N. Y., on April
2, at the age of seventy-five years. He was an active and much-esteemed
member of the New York Entomological Society.
May, toto
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169
SOME NEW AMERICAN BEES.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.
Dioxys pomone, n. sp.
¢.—Length hardly 7 mm.; black, the thick flagellum dull reddish
beneath, eyes sage-green, tegule entirely piceous, wings strongly dusky ;
subapical lateral spines of the abdomen sharp and conspicuous. By its
small size and general appearance this suggests D. Rohweri Ckli., com-
pared with which it is more robust, with the head and thorax broader and
less hairy, the tegule without red (largely red in Rohwer), the wings
considerably darker, the abdomen much more coarsely punctured, and
with acute subapical spines. Compared with D. AZartiz Ckll., it is smaller,
with narrower abdominal bands and dark tegule. ‘The tarsi are some-
what reddish, but not so red as in AZar‘i? ; the spurs in both are red. The
first r. n. joins the second s. m. some distance from its base. In spite of
the greater superficial resemblance to D. Rohwer, the insect is most
nearly related to D. Marti.
Hab,—Claremont, California. (C. 7 Baker, 7221.)
HOoPLITELLA, gen. nov.
A genus of small bees related to Osmia, Hoplitis, etc.; colours red
and black, not metallic; wings dusky; stigma rather small, its part on
marginal cell less than first s. m. on marginal; marginal rather obtusely
pointed, away from costa; b. n. meeting t. m.; first r. n. joining second
s. m. very close to base, and second r. n. about twice as far from apex ;
basal middle of first abdominal segment smooth and shining, not separated
by a keel or ridge ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the joints measuring in p:
(1) 70, (2) 102, (3) 120, (4) 85, (5) 50; the third is more slender than the
second ; labial palpi with the joints measuring: (1) 680, (2) 1260, (3)
70, (4) 153; the second is about 153 broad at apex ; the third very short
and stout, almost heart-shaped; the last slender basally, broadening
apically ; tongue reaching about to level of last joint of labial palpus ;
blade of maxilla very long and slender. Male with head and thorax finely
punctured ; labrum of the usual form, but only moderately long, its apical
margin gently convex, the corners rather rounded; mandibles strongly
bidentate ; antennz simple, flagellum slender ; cheeks moderate, occipital
region of head not enlarged ; sixth abdominal segment with a strong red
tooth at each side, and its reddish hind margin slightly reflexed and
shallowly emarginate in the middle ; seventh segment broadly truncate,
the truncation deeply notched in the middle ; no ventral teeth.
May, 1910
170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Hoplitella pentamera, Nn. sp.
¢.—Length about 714 mm.; head, thorax and legs black ; abdomen
with the first three segments bright ferruginous-red, the second and third
with a blackish stain in the middle ; sides of fourth red, the others black ;
ventral segments with more or less evident white hind margins ; face
densely covered with long silky-white hair, stained with yellowish about
the middle ; eyes sage-green ; flagellum slender, entirely black ; mandibles
black ; ocelli large ; thorax with rather long dullish white hair; area of
metathorax smooth and shining ; tegule bright apricot colour; abdomen
finely punctured, with poorly-developed white hair-bands ; spurs creamy-
white.
Hab.—Claremont, California. (C. #. Baker, 7224.)
Hoplitella shows many points of resemblance to Proteriades Titus
(P. semirubra Ckll.), but is at once distinguished by the 5-jointed
maxillary palpi, and the form of the labial palpi, and more superficially by
the dusky wings.
Compared with Cielostoma (Cephalapis) jacintanum Ckll., it is
easily known by the ordinary-sized head, bidentate mandibles, more
slender marginal cell, merely emarginate seventh segment, etc.
Compared with Osmia andrenoides Spinola, from Algeciras ( Morice),
it is superficially very similar, though smaller ; but andrenoides has a much
longer tongue, the venation is different in several ways (thus, the first r. n.
enters second s. m. a long way from base), the sixth abdominal segment
has no lateral teeth, and the seventh is bidentate with a pair of triangular
teeth. :
Osmia semirubra Friese, from Jericho ( Morice), also differs greatly
in venation from //op/ite//a. ‘The b. n. in semirubra goes basad of the
t. m., and the first r. n. enters the second s. m. far from its base.
Osmia remotudla, 0. sp.
9 .—Length about 6'4 mm.; broad, robust ; head, thorax and legs
black, with much white hair, becoming grayish dorsally, and pale yellow
on inner side of tarsi; head broad, eyes sage-green ; antennw short,
entirely black ; mandibles black ; head and thorax minutely punctured ;
area of metathorax shining, dull and rugose at base; tegule shining
piceous ; wings dusky, nervures black; venation as in O. andrenoides ;
spurs creamy-white; abdomen with the first three segments bright
ferruginous-red, without bands, exactly as in O. andrenoides, except that
they are more feebly sculptured ; other segments black, with grayish-white
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 171
hair, which covers the apical one ; ventral scopa white, short. The female
O. andrenotdes compared is from Corfu ( A7orice ).
Hab.—Claremont, California. (C. # Baker, 7226). A representa-
tive of the group of O. andrenoides (subgenus Lrythrosmia Schmied.),
not before known in America.
Osmia (Guathosmia) Louisiane, 0. sp.
¢.—Length nearly 9 mm ; agrees with Cresson’s description of O.
Georgica, and Robertson’s additional diagnosis, except that instead of
being ‘black, tinged with blue,” it has the head, thorax and abdomen
shining blue-green. ‘The colour and general superficial appearance are as
in O. physarie Ckll., but the wings are very brown, whereas in physarie@
they are clear. The mandibular processes are very large, forming, as
Cresson says of Georgica, an arch interrupted in the middle. Legs black,
the hind femora faintly submetallic in front ; tegulee rufo-piceous ; ventral
scopa long, light orange-yellow. The anterior coxe are sharply keeled
on the outer edge.
ffab.—Mound, Louisiana, May 4, 1905. (C. #. Jones, 234.) O.
Georgica Cresson, was based on a single female from Georgia. Since then
Robertson has taken it in Illinois, and Professor Titus informs me that it
occurs in North Carolina. It is possible that the present insect is only a
variety or geographical race, but it seems more likely that the difference
of colour indicates a distinct species.
A NEW ALEYRODES ON BEARBERRY
BY T. D, A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO.
Although the common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) is circum-
polar in its distribution, the insects which affect it in America do not seem
to occur in Europe. Examples occur among the Coccide ( Zargionia
Dearnesst Ckll.) and Aphididee (Piyllaphis Cowent Ckll.), and now I
have to add a species of Aleyrodidze, of which I found pupe and an adult
near the top of Flagstaff Mountain, Boulder, Colorado, March 20, rgro.
Aleyrodes ursorum, 0. sp.
Pupa oval, pure black, 680 » long, 518 broad ; a little white secretion
around the base, but no distinct fringe, and no dorsal secretion ; the usual
sutural cross lines present ; dorsal area bounded by a well-defined double
margin, which, when the pupa is seen from above is 35 to 50 from the
lateral outline ; margin strongly crenulate, the projections shaped as in
A, mori (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, pl. XXXII, fig. 39), but longer,
May, 1910 ‘
172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ooo
about four in 25 « of the margin ; vasiforin orifice about 25 broad, short
and rounded, with the broad entire margined operculum practically filling
the orifices. In the table by Mrs. Bemis (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VII,
p. 485), this runs to A. nigrans, but differs in the regularly oval shape ;
the adult also is quite different.
Adult about 1140 » long ; body above blackish, covered with white
meal, the base and sides of abdomen white, the extreme base of wings
yellow ; beneath, the abdomen is light yellow, with the last two segment $
gray ; eyes black, completely divided ; wings white, each with a small
dusky spot in the apical field, and also two very faint slightly iridescent
clouds above the principal vein, one from the dusky spot toward the apex,
the other apparently marking the place of the lost upper branch.
Nearest, I think, to 4. Dorsey Kirkaldy, but the dorsal area of the
pupa is much more obtuse posteriorly than in that species, which occurs
on Rhamnus in California. The adult of A. Dorseyt is unknown.
NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES,
BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Paper X.— New Species or EMPRIA.
Lepeletier in 1828 (Encycl. Method, X (2), p. 571), described his
genus Empria, and included three species, the first of which, Doderus
(Empria) pallimacula Lepeletier, was named as the type by Brullé (Hist.
Nat. Ins. Hym. LV, pp. 666, 1846).
In 1835 Dahlbom, in his Conspect. Tenthrd. Scandin., p. 13; No.
VIII, founded the genus /@ci/ostoma for Tenthredo guttatum Fallén,
Thomson, in 1871 (Scand. Hym. I, p. 227), changed the spelling of
Dahlbom’s genus, Parcilostoma, to Pactlosoma.
Dr. Ashmead, in his tables in the CANADIAN ENroMmococist for 1898
(p. 256), made aripiphorus maculatus Norton, the type of a new genus,
Pacilostomidea and Monostegia ignota Norton, the type of Zetratneura
Ashmead.
Dolerus (Empria) pallimacu/ata Lepeletier, is the same as
Tenthredo guttatum Fallén, and Haripiphorus maculatus Norton and
Monostegia ignota Norton, are congeneric with Zenthredo guttatum, so
the synonymy of the genus Lmpria is ;
May, t9t0
en
=
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 173
EmpRIA Lepeletier, 1828.
Pecilostoma Dahlbom, 1835.
Pectlosoma Thomson, 1871.
Tetratneura Ashmead, 1898.
Pecilostomidea Ashmead, 1898.
.
Rev. F. W. Konow (Zeit. Hym. Dipt., p. 36, 1908) published a
similar synonymy for Lmpria.
Up to the present time a number of species of this group have been
lumped under the name macudata Norton, but on studying these forms
carefully and examining the saws there seems to be a number of allied but
distinct species. .At the present time a revision of this genus seems un-
advisable, but at some future date such a paper may be published. It
would greatly simplify matters if the various economic entomologists would
refer their material to a specialist.
Empria distincta, n. sp.—Q. Length about 7 mm. Clypeus sub-
truncate, carina present but not strong; antennee rather robust, the third
joint a little longer than fourth ; antennal furrows interrupted below ocelli ;°
middle fovea circular and not connected with the ocellar basin ; sheath
obliquely truncate, angles rounded ; saw with rather small teeth. Black ;
anterior margin of clypeus, pronotum, tegule, legs below coxe, except the
brown hind femora and tarsi, reddish-yellow ; the usual abdominal spots.
Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown.
Type locality: Virginia.
hype, Ne.12833,, U..S.Nc MoM.
Empria affinis, n. sp.—Z. Length, 6 mm. Clypeus tridentate,
shallowly emarginate, lobes small, sharp, carina strong ; antenne of the
slender type, third joint longer than fourth; antennal furrows complete ;
middie fovea small, circular, deep, nearly connected with the ocellar
furrow ; saw with small teeth, the upper part not reaching apex ; sheath
with the lower margin strongly rounded. Black ; extreme apical margin
of clypeus, line on pronotum and tegule, knees and usual abdominal spots
white. Wings hyaline, iridescent, venation dark brown.
Type locality: “‘Colo. 1041.” Collection of C. F. Baker.
aype; No. r2834, U.S..N. M.
There are also some other Colorado numbers.
Empria Caudelli, n. sp.—¥. Length about 7.5 mm. Clypeus
distinctly emarginate, lobes broadly triangular, carina wanting; antenne
174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
of the very robust type, third joint much longer than fourth ; antennal
furrows subinterrupted below ocelli ; middle fovea circular, not separated
from broad ocellar furrow ; sheath rounded at apex ; teeth of saw small,
upper part ribbed and reaching to the tip. Black; line on pronotum and
tegulz, and legs below knees, white ; the usual abdominal spots. Wings
brown, venation brown.
Type locality: Chenney Gulch, Colorado, May 13, 1991. (Dyar
and Caudell.)
Type, No. 12835, U.S. N. M.
Also some Colorado numbered specimens from the C. F. Baker
collection.
Empria submaculata, vn. sp.— 2. Length, 5 mm. Clypeus gently
emarginate, lobes broad, triangular, carina wanting; antenne of the
norma! slender type ; antennal furrows complete; middle fovea small,
circular, deep ; ocellar furrow almost wanting ; sheath slender and rather
sharply pointed ; saw sharp, teeth large in comparison to size of saw,
upper part reaching tip, its margin somewhat irregular. Black ; clypeus,
line on pronotum, tegulz white ; legs below coxe pale brown to white ;
usual abdominal spots. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown.
Type locality: ‘Cana 2051.” Collection of C. F. Baker.
Type, No. 12836, U. S. N. M.
Empria Arisonensis, n. sp.—f. Length, 8 mm. Clypeus narrow-
ing apically, middle tooth distinct, lobes broad, rounded at apex, carina
strong ; antennz more robust than the slender type, but not very robust ;
antennal furrows complete ; ocellar furrow and middle fovea making a
diamond-shaped area on the front; head and thorax more shining than
usual, sheath strongly rounded on the lower margin; saw with broad,
rather large teeth, upper margin ribbed and reaching tip. Black ; line on
pronotum, tegula, knees and indistinct abdominal spots white. Wings
and venation black.
Type locality: Arizona.
Type, No. 12837, U. S. N. M.
Empria salicis, n. sp. —Q. Length,6 mm. Clypeus deeply emar-
ginate, lobes sharply triangular, inner tooth faint, as is the carina ; antennal
furrows complete ; ocellar furrow and middle fovea complete, making a
broad furrow ; antenne of the slender type ; sheath truncate, the upper
angle sharp; saw with small teeth, the upper part extending to near the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175
apex. Black; clypeus, line on pronotum, tegule and abdominal spots
white ; legs reddish-yellow, hind tibize white at base, the apical part black.
’ Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown.
Type locality: Florissant, Colorado. Specimens swept from Sadix
brachycarpa in June and July by S. A. Rohwer. There are also some
Colorado numbered specimens in the C. F. Baker collection.
Type, No. 12838, U.S. N. M.
The male is very like the female, but has the usual sexual differences.
Empria melanostoma, n. sp.—Pecilostomidea maculata Kincaid,
Wash. Ac. Sc., Vol: II, Nov. 24, 1900, p. 346.
9. Length,6 mm. Clypeus as in sa/ic?s Roh., but the carina is
stronger ; antenne of the short, subslender type ; antennal furrows com-
plete ; middle fovea and ocellar furrow forming a deep, shining frontal
furrow ; sheath obliquely truncate, the angles rounded ; saw with large
teeth, the upper part reaching nearly to tip, the margin strong. Black ;
line on pronotum, abdominal spots and knees white; tibize brownish.
Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation dark brown.
g. Length about 5 mm. Very like the female, except for the
sexual differences.
Type locality: Sitka, Alaska, June, 1899. (T. Kincaid.)
Other localities: Yakutat, Alaska, June 21, 1899. (T. Kincaid.)
Oregon (Koebele), “W. T.”
Type, No. 12839, U.S. N. M.
Var. A.A—@. Edge of clypeus white ; third antennal joint longer
than fourth ; emargination of clypeus broader and the lobes sharper.
¢, Ute Creek, Colorado, July 4, 1907, 9,000 ft. (R. W. Darson.)
Empria mellipes, n. sp.—Q. Length, 7 mm. Clypeus broad,
subtruncate, carina nearly wanting ; antenne short, subrobust; antennal
furrows slightly interrupted below ocelli; middle fovea small, circular,
indistinctly connected with the narrow ocellar furrow; sheath of the
normal type, rounded beneath ; saw with rather large hooked teeth, the
upper part faintly ribbed and reaching apex. Black ; pronotum, tegule,
indistinct spot on pleurz, legs below the coxze and the abdominal spots,
which are large, reddish-yellow. Wings pale brownish; venation pale
brown.
Type locality: Missouri. Specimen labelled “Straw. Apr. 14, 71
C. Mo.”
Type, No. 12840, U. S. N. M.
176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LIFE-HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WATER-BUGS.—IIL
BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK.
Microvelia Americana Uhler.
I.
In 1834 Westwood! placed Ve/ia pygmea L., Duf.,* in a section or
subgenus, which he called Microvelia. In the following year (1835)
Burmeister® erected a new genus to contain this species, and with the calm
that characterized him, ignored Westwood’s previous work and named the
genus //ydroéssa. Entomologists of the German school to this day persist
in the latter generic name, although Westwood’s is universally eae 9
to have priority.
No North American species of the genus had been recognized till
1883, when Uhler* described his Hebrus americanus, which a careful
reading of the generic characterization shows not to be a Hedrus at all,
but a true Jicrovelia. His description, however, leaves no doubt as to
the insect he had before him. Nevertheless, he appears not to have
considered this a sufficient description, or else recognized his initial error
in placing the species in Hfebrus, since he redescribed it as new in 1895,°
and this is the date commonly quoted.
Briefly, the synonymy is thus :
—
Microvelia Westwood, 1834.
Hydroéssa Burmeister, 1835.
Hlebrus Uhbler (not Curtis), 1883.
Veliomorpha Carlini, 1895.
Species : americana Uhler, 1883 (as Hebrus ).
The species.is widely distributed, and it has been recorded by various
writers from Ontario, in Canada; and from Maine, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, North Carolina, Kansas and Colorado, in
the United States. It is probably spread throughout all the Atlantic and
middle Western States, but possibly it does not range as far to the south
as Florida and the Gulf States, where we should expect to find other
species. California is also said to be within its range, but this at best is
doubtful.
la Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Ul: “647, Pl. VI, fig. 5 .
2. Op. c., ID: 115, Pl. V, fig. 6.
3. Handbuch Ent., If: 213.
4. Standard Nat. Hist., I]: 273.
5. Bull. 31. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., Hem, of Col., p. 61.
May, tgto
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177
Many an entomologist when drinking from a field or roadside spring
has noticed the tiny black, silver-spangled insects that detach themselves
from the stones forming the basin and run across the surface, or glide out
from the side and swiftly curve in to their former resting places. This is
Microvelia americana Uhler. It is to be found on the banks of any body
of water, moving or still. Where the walls of the spring or the bank of
the stream or pond are more or less vertical, they perch a little above the
water. But on shelving or sloping banks they wander about over the
mud or pebbles seeking their prey, leaving the shore only when alarmed
or disturbed. They also conceal themselves under overhanging banks of
streamlets, as observed by Uhler in Maryland and the writer in New
Jersey. I have found them perched on logs jutting out from the shore,
and among the heaps of brush and twigs that gather in the slack waters
and eddies of streams. In such places they pass the time from earliest
spring till the bleak days of late autumn. I have secured adults just
emerged from their hibernacula as early as March, and as late as the end
of September have seen adults and nymphs, and in mid-October adults
only. From then on, according to Uhler, “they hibernate in colonies
beneath the overhanging banks of little streams (in the Middle States) ”®
until the first warm days of spring entice them from their shelter, They
must begin to breed at once, because, again quoting Uhler, ‘‘ by the latter
part of June they have become fully winged.” I have myself noted the
young in May, and taken nymphs arriving at the adult toward the end of
July, which perhaps is as early as is normal in the latitude of New York.
Of course, their precise time of appearance in the spring, and of seeking
hibernacula on the approach of winter is largely governed by the tempera-
ture, and naturally varies with the latitude and the variations of the
thermometer.
All the water-striders, large and small, are carnivorous, and Wicrovelia
is no exception to the invariable rule. In nature they doubtless feed on
such small insects as are tiny enough to be overpowered, such as Spring-
tails, larvee of flies, and other soft-bodied and feeble forms, or on those
larger ones which are drowned in their haunts. In the aquaria they have
been fed on house-flies, and where there have been water-fleas in the
water, they have feasted on the unlucky ones imprisoned in the surface
film. Like all the predaceous Heteroptera, they are always in a condition
of semi-starvation, and when a living fly is fed them, of course they attack
6. Standard Nat. Hist., II, p. 275.
178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
it in force. When it struggles, they beat a hasty retreat; but if it quiets
but for an instant they are on it again, piercing it at the joints of the legs
or in the sutures between the segments, until the victim of their voracity
perishes, exhausted by its struggles and unable to overcome the actively
poisonous saliva AM/icrovelia injects. ‘Then all feast at their ease, some
perched upon the carcase, others sucking at the joints, until they are filled
to satiation. But at a pinch, when there are no living victims, they do not
disdain long-dead and gamey food, and I have often seen them feeding on
decaying flies, as much as two and three days old, and which smelt to the
four winds.
In regard to their manner of progression, Uhler (I. c) says it “ runs
with astonishing rapidity, but not with the rowing impulses of
Limnotrechus,” and Kirkaldy’ describes the gait of Microvelia pygmea of
Europe in these words: “‘ Their gait may be described best as a ‘ scuttle,’
a series of very quick short steps, the femora being almost horizontal.
They move very rapidly, but rarely sustain the effort long—the opposite
legs are moved alternately.” He goes on to say that they apparently have
very feeble adhesive powers, and are unable to mount a perpendicular
glass surface, but this is only natural when it is considered that the claws
are subapical, and that there do not appear to be any pulvilli. In the
main, these two accounts cover J/. americana, but in addition I have
observed it to move with the rowing impulses of the other Gerrids. This,
however, happens only when it is far from shore, or closely pursued and
making desperate efforts to escape, and its ordinary gait is of no avail.
This I have seen, but not very often, both in nature and in my aquaria.
The AMicrovelia are cleanly beasties, and indeed, the nature of their
velvety covering and the many tactile and other hairs which abound on
their bodies, make it imperative that they should keep themselves in good
condition, and accordingly, a good part of their time is spent in cleaning
themselves. Kirkaldy (1. c.) observed the toilette of J/. pygme@a, and
describes in detail how the legs are employed in the dry wash, and the
careful manner in which the antenne are cleaned. In the macropterous
adults, the wings are lifted and the legs passed under them. I have been
so fortunate as to be able to observe A/. americana in this tidying process
more than once, and on one of these occasions careful notes were made
while one of the little fellows in my aquarium was thus engaged, and this
2, 1899, ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXII, “A Guide to the Study of British
Water Bugs (Aquatic Rhynchota),” p. 113.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179
is what he did: First, he rubbed the first pair of legs together, that is, the
tarsi and tibie, and then each leg rubbed the other all the way down to
the tarsi, much as a man washes his hands and arms. Then the middle
leg of one side was vigourously rubbed against the hind leg, and then
against the front. Then, with the front legs, the antennze were rubbed
quite vigourously, but always from the base to the tip, so as not to disturb
the tactile hairs which all point in that direction.. The middle legs were
bent under, and the sternum and abdomen rubbed with the tibie. The
minuteness and quick motions of the bug caused many points to be
missed, but this is the process in its essentials. [he reason for the use of
the tibize is that all are furnished with a comb at the distal end, running
crosswise of the leg.
In common with all the Other Gerrids, Wicrovedia americana displays
the phenomenon of apterousness, but in a very marked degree. Ordinarily,
all the examples of Aficrovelia americana taken, or to be seen in collec-
tions, are wingless, but at times it is possible to get a few winged
individuals in sheltered spots, under the overhanging banks of streamlets
principally, or in exceptional seasons or situations. Thus, in the summer
of 1907, there was a great abundance of winged individuals of normally
apterous species to be found in the streams about White Plains, N. Y.
Then I secured some dozen or so, seven in one limited area of perhaps 20
or 30 feet on one August day. ‘The next summer, also in August, no less
than 15 winged were taken in a_roadside drinking trough, which was fed
by a cold stream flowing from a hillside in a pasture. They were gathered
in large numbers at the inlet end of the trough, where the water ran
coldest. In the tropics the winged individuals are more abundant, as
Westwood notes in his introduction, where he says Hope possessed a
large number of JZicrovelia pulchella from St. Vincent, almost all winged.
Distant, in Hemiptera of British India, notes that Green has taken in
Ceylon Microvelia singalensis in an acetylene moth trap. I have never
got any of our species at light, but doubtless the fact will be recorded by
some fortunate investigator in due time.
This little bug does not appear to be as amorous as its larger
relatives of the Gerrin@. According to the classification, of Gadeau de
Kerville, of the ways of mating in Hemiptera,’ it comes under
‘‘accouplement par superposition,” as in the Gerrin@, and, in fact, in all
the water-bugs I have observed. I was able to observe the act in some bred
8. 1902, Bull, Soc, Ent. Fr., No. 4, p. 68
180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
aquarium specimens, which were only two days old, and the following
notes were taken as they were watched through a magnifying glass. When
the male in its wanderings ran across the female, he stood still behind her
for an instant, taking aim as it were, and then started suddenly, running
swiftly onto her back. When up, he held on by the front and hind legs,
the tibiz of the first pair bent under and holding on to the shoulders of
his mate, The hind pair were held with the femora at right angles to the
body, the tibia bent under, the extremities being under the edge of the
female’s abdomen, with the tarsi seemingly hanging limply down, ‘The
middle legs were held out from the body, the tarsi held up from the
surface of the water, the object of this apparently being to aid in balancing
the male on his precarious perch. While in this position the male
positively quivered, the antenne and the middle legs actually vibrating with
the intensity of his passion. The genitalia (but obscurely seen from above)
were bent toward those of the female, where they could be seen vibrating.
The female, of course, remained passive during the act. Three days later,
that is to say, five days after reaching maturity, this bred female was quite
swollen with ova.
In nature, the eggs are probably deposited on stones or sticks, just
above the surface of the water, but not on vegetation, to judge from the
preferences shown by the little bugs in the aquaria, which deposited their
eggs on the sides, but not on the abundant duck-weed furnished them.
In the course of some two or three weeks more or less, depending on the
temperature, the nymphs emerge, and after five moults reach the adult in
about five weeks. ‘The females display no maternal solicitude, and the
young nymphs fend for themselves from their tenderest infancy. No
adult parasitism by mites nor egg parasitism by Hymenoptera has thus
far been observed.
My first attempt to breed A/icrovelia americana was made in the
summer of 1904, and two individuals were brought to maturity after five
moults. No systematic notes were kept, other than a careful note of the
number of ecdyses. In 1905, and again in 1908, more minute observa-
tions were made and a more careful record kept, my results being set forth
in the following pages.
It is not a difficult task to breed Aficrovelia americana. My
equipment consists of one or two large aquaria and an assortment of
club-cheese pots, Stender dishes of various sizes, and screw-top, opaque,
white glass pomatum pots, about an inch or an inch and a half across the
top. ‘The first and last named are preferable, because they offer a white
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181
background, against which the little bugs are more clearly revealed, and
therefore more easily observed. The adults were kept in numbers in the
large aquaria, where they mated and oviposited, and the young, as soon
as emerged, were transferred singly to one of the small dishes, where they
could be observed and a more accurate record be kept of their trans-
formations. Every morning before going to the office where I earn my
living, the aquaria were examined, the cast skins removed, the moults
noted, and any other pertinent observations recorded in the books I keep
for the purpose. On my return from business a similar routine was gone
through. It is necessary to keep the aquaria, large and small, covered to
prevent evaporation, and also to keep the bugs from escaping, especially
the smaller ones. With a water surface to run upon, and food in sufficient
quantity, they require nothing more. A few water plants help to keep the
water sweet and add sightliness to the large aquaria, but they cannot be
successfully employed in the smaller.
All the descriptions and figures are from balsam mounts, and this
perhaps may have caused some siight distortion in the form of the insect,
making it possibly a little broader and longer than it really is. The bugs
in the earlier series of slides were killed in alcohol (about 90°/), washed
in Cologne spirits (98° alcohol), and cleared in turpentine. In the latter,
they were put living into carbol-turpentine, made by putting crystallized
carbolic acid into an equal part of fine spirits of turpentine, which gives
excellent results, producing very clear mounts.
One fact should be borne in mind in these life-histories, which
is that the conditions are largely artificial, and in all likelihood more
favourable than in nature, and this may contribute to an acceleration of
the life-cycle as compared with that in natural surroundings. In the first
‘place, the food supply is regular and abundant, which is not likely to be
the case in M7zcrovelia’s normal haunts, for it is scarcely likely that in a
secluded spring they can get a single insect each a day. And in the
second place, the temperature is bound to be both higher and more
constant in the confinement of a closed aquarium, and the air is more
heavily moisture-laden as well. A regular and abundant food supply, high
temperature and a moist atmosphere are all conducive to rapidity of
development in the Heteroptera, as may be readily verified by observing
how much more quickly bugs reach their moults in the hot, humid days of
July and August than they do in the cooler May, June, September and
October.
182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
II.
Between August 2oth and 27th, in 1905, the A/icrovelia americana
in my aquaria mated and began ovipositing. _ A portion of the eggs were
attached to the upper surface of some duck-weed floating on the water,
while a few were dropped on the surface of the water itself. The
majority, however, were embedded in a colourless waterproof jelly, and
fastened in masses to the sides of the aquarium, slightly above the water.
Subsequent observations confirm this mode of ovipositing, and in the
absence of direct observations in nature, I should say the eggs are deposited
on rocks and stones, just above the surface of the water, or else on floating
sticks.
Ovum.—Ellipsoid in shape ; colour, translucent white, more or less
glairy. Under the microscope the
chorion is seen to be sculptured in
irregular hexagons. Dimensions by
camera-lucida and scale: .6x.25 mm;
.63x.24 mm.; .63 x.22 mm.; .68 x .29
mm.; .725xX.27 mm. (Fig. 12.)
As development progresses, the eggs grow
darker, and at one end the red eyes, the legs, the
rostrum, etc., of the nymph are visible through
the shell. At the end of about 17 days the eggs
hatch, and the young nymph emerges by a
longitudinal slit about two-thirds of the length of — Fis: 12—Qva of Micsovelia
the egg, along one side and the end.
Nymph.——1st Instar: Head, long.: lat.:: 15: 22; eyes: vertex :: 6:
10: 6; antennal joints, 1, 2, 3, 4.5: 6: 5: 15.
Antenne 4-jointed, 1st curved and stout; 2nd straight, a little
stouter than the 1st; 3rd slenderest ; 4th fusiform, slightly slenderer than
the 2nd, but as stout or a little stouter than the rst, all thickly covered
with long hairs, one long stout hair near the distal end of the rst joint set
in a sense pit and pointing outward; inserted under the head. Eyes
exteriorly rounded, set obliquely in the head, occupying a little over
one-half the head. Head thickly pilose. Rostrum 4-jointed, rising under
the head. Proportions of joints: jr: j2: j3: jg: 26: 7: 60: 40. The
second joint is annuliform, and the 4th darker and apparently more
heavily chitinized than the others. The tylus is slightly prominent. In
moulting, the lancets are cast with the skin.
Prothorax clearly indicated, ring-like ; long.: lat.:: 5: 25, in shape
something like a curving collar of even width, sides rounded and sloping
&
potas
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183
forward, thickly pilose. Prothorax and mesothorax fused into one, but an
effaced suture visible between them ; thickly pilose.
Legs: First pair shortest, 3rd longest. All tarsi single-jointed, claws
long, simple, slender, subapical, extending as far again from the tip of the
tarsus as the tarsus projects beyond the insertion of the claw. Coxe and
trochanters much elongated in the third pair. First tibiz with two
combs, second with one, apically situated ; third tibia with a long stout
subapical spine. First pair of legs, femur longest, then the tibia, then the
tarsus, which is stouter than the other two ; second pair as the first ; third
pair, tibia longest, femur next and stoutest,.then tarsus, which is more
slender than either ; all covered with long hairs.
Abdomen oval, segments well marked, genital segments prominent ;
all the segments dark, except at the connexivum, which is wholly light ;
eight apparent segments. The spiracles are seemingly not to be found in
this instar, not being visible in either the entire nymph or in the cast
skins mounted in balsam, even at a magnification of 530. This, of course,
is not a proof that they do not exist, but rather shows how well they are
concealed.
Dimensions: Length, .75 mm.; width, .42 mm., measured from
living bug.
After five days the tiny bug moulted the first time.
Nymph.—2nd Instar: Proportions of head: long.: lat.:: 7: 10:
eyes: vertex:: 14: 32: 14; antennal joints, 1: 8: 9: 20; rostral joints,
Ge ick PSs 10:
The rostrum extends to the base of the prosternum, or to the insertion
of the first pair of legs.
Prothorax, lat.: long. :: 38: 6.
First pair of legs stouter than the other two ; the tarsal combs of the
first and second pair as before ; the third tibize armed with a stout double-
pointed spine, apically and exteriorly, and some stout scattered spines
interiorly, beginning half-way up the tibia. The end of the tarsus extends
beyond the middle of the claws.
The abdomen and other details omitted are as in the first instar.
Dimensions: Length, .g mm.; width, .55 mm, taken from balsam
mount of nymph.
In four, five and six days respectively, the nymphs moulted the
second time.
Nymph.—3rd Instar: Proportions of head: long.. lat.:: 23: 35:
eyes: vertex:: 7: 21: 7; antennal joints, 12: 10: 11: 213; rostral
st THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
joints, 6: 6: 19: 9 (measured from cast nymphal skin) ; prothorax, lat.:
long.:: 6: 42. The antennzw and legs grow comparatively slenderer, but
the number of joints does not change. ‘The cleft spine on the outer side,
subapically, of the posterior tibiz still persists. The other details omitted
are as in the previous instars.
Dimensions of nymph, taken from balsam mounts: Length, 1.32, 1.20
mm.; width, .8 to .72 mm.
Four, five and six days later, respectively, they moulted the third
time.
Nymph.—4th Instar: Antennal joints, 12: 9: 10: 24; rostrum,
rostral joints, 7: 6: 17: 9.
Owing to having nothing but moulted skins, a number of details must
be omitted in this and the next stage of the nymph. The general form,
aspect and coloration are as before, the main changes noticeable being in
the increasing slenderness of the legs and antenne. In this and the
preceding instars, the spiracles can be seen in the cast skins, as little round
openings in the connexivum. In the entire bug I have not been able to
locate them. ‘The basal joint of the antenne is stout and curved, as
before, and there is no change in the relative thickness among them. ‘The
other details are practically unchanged. The first pair of legs is the
stoutest, especially as to the tarsi, and these are single-jointed in all the
legs.
The fourth moult took place two and four days after the third.
Nymph.-—sth Instar: Antennal joints, 20: 13: 13: 35; rostral
joints, 6: 4: 21: 10. With slight differences, the other details are as
before. ‘The tarsi continue single jointed, with long, simple claws, the
posterior tibizw are spined toward the end, the spines increasing in number
from the femoral to the tarsal extremity, and stout in proportions. The
cleft spine mentioned before is still present, but is not so noticeable. In
this instar, though still greenish in colour, with darker spots, lines and
markings, the silvery patches, so characteristic of the adult, first make
their appearance. ‘The female can in this instar be already distinguished
from the male on account of its larger size, and less prominent genital
segments. ‘The males are so much smaller in this instar than the females,
that they may be mistaken for nymphs in the fourth instar only. The
dimensions of the nymph, taken from the cast skins, mounted in balsam,
are not quite accurate, as the skins are much distorted. Length, 2.14
mm.; width, r.25 mm. The fifth, and last moult, took place seven, eight
and ten days later, respectively.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185
In moulting, the skin of the head splits along the eyes, and rises like a
lid at the front. In the body, it splits longitudinally along the middle
line of the thorax, and down the dorsum to the third or fourth abdominal
segment. As mentioned before, the rostral lancets are moulted entire,
including their insertion in the interior of the head, as well as the trachez.
In this connection, it may be mentioned that the cast skins are excellent
for the study of the hairs and other external characters, the number of
antennal and rostral joints, etc.
Adult.—The following proportions and dimensions are apparently not
mentioned by the describer of the species. Antennze four- or five-jointed,
the latter if the minute jointlet between the second and third joints is to
be taken into account. Proportion of joints, approximate, 24: 17: 2+ 22:
27, from balsam mount, somewhat distorted ; these proportions are only
approximate, as different specimens differ slightly from each other, and
even the right and left antenne are not alike. A dry specimen, mounted
for the cabinet on a paper point, gave these proportions: 23: 16: 2+ 23:
30. The first joint is stout, curved; second not so stout; third slenderest;
fourth fusiform, stouter than first. The stout tactile hair in the sense pit
near the apex of the first joint still persists in this adult. The rostrum is
four-jointed, as in the nymphal instars; the proportions are: 8: 4: 27:
Pe oneaes length = widthe: sox 45).eyes: \vertexis Liv 22. 1. “Phe
ommiatidia are round, as they are not as close together as in the
compound eyes of other Heteroptera, and this is also the case in all the
nymphal instars. ;
In the wingless form, the pro-, meso- and metathorax are clearly
indicated as rings. Including the genital, there are nine apparent segments
in the male, as seen from above, ‘The spiracles are hidden on account of
the extreme hairiness of the bug. The legs have a tibial comb on the first
and second pairs, as in the nymphs. The peculiar cleft spine of the
posterior tibize, so noticeable in the nymphs, appears to be single in the
adult, and there is now interiorly a comb-like arrangement of close-set
spines, thick hairs, or bristles.
When the adult is just emerged from the nymphal skin, it is a creamy
white, with dark eyes, claws, etc. This is the case also with the nymphs.
In the nymphs, the third antennal joint appears to be sunk in a deep,
cup-shaped depression in the second joint, and there is a minute jointlet
entirely concealed in this depression. This structure does not appear till
the second instar, the joint appearing pedicellate in the first. In the
adult, however, the jointlet does not appear to be sunk in this manner.
_
1s6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
In my descriptions above, I have included this jointlet as a part of the
third, because, in fact, I have taken no account of it, the dimensions of
this joint being taken as that part of it from the tip of the second joint to
the insertion of the fourth.
A male and a female Microvelia americana, which came to maturity
on October 2nd, mated on the 4th, and the female was noticeably swollen
with ova by the 5th. On December 31st of that year, the female died,
being under artificial conditions, and without food, but not before
depositing several batches of eggs, which hatched out in due. course,
yielding nymphs which in some cases attained the first and second
instars. ‘The males lived on into January, when they too perished, after
being fed no flies for over two months.
Summarizing, the bred insects had seven instars, one embryonic, five
nymphal, and one adult, which took between 36 and 46 days for
accomplishment. This would make possible several broods in the course
of the year. Assuming that the ova are deposited about the middle of
April, which would not be any too early in a normal spring, there would
be adults from these by June 3oth, which in turn breeding, would give a
generation maturing about the first half of July ; this brood would in turn
reproduce itself, and adults would be forthcoming, since the season would
be at its most favourable time for quick development, say by about the
same time in August. The August progeny, in due course of nature,
would see another generation under the favourable weather conditions of
ethat period of summer, including the dog-days, by about the same time in
September, and these, reproducing themselves, would by the end of
October know that the generation to carry the species to the next year
had attained its growth. We thus see that there may be as many as five
generations in the course of a single summer. This, however, seems to
me the least that they would do. As a matter of fact, it is scarcely
possible to compute what wouid actually occur in nature, because, since
oviposition is practually continuous, and one female may live say for a
month while ovipositing, there is any number of overlapping brooks to
contend with, but it seems to be reasonable to estimate them as an average
of five a summer, or possibly six.
In conclusion, I wish to point out that this species, JZ/icrovelia
americana Ubler, may turn out to be the type of a new subgenus, charac-
terized by having the anterior tarsi single-jointed, and the two others
two-jointed, as opposed to Microvelia proper, which is said to have the tarsi
two-, three-, three-jointed. For this I propose the name KIRKALDYA,
in memory of my friend.
e eee aie —p—es Ad fle @/ a eee eee ewe
ySe=
!
P
P
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187
BOOK NOTICE.
GENERAL Biotocy: A Book of Outlines and Practical Studies for the
General Student. By James G. Needham, Ph. D. Comstock Pub-
lishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y.
Although not customary in an eftomological journal to notice
biological works of a general character, it seems justifiable in the present
case, in view of the many illustrations of biological phencmena, taken from
the insect world, which the author has introduced into this attractive
work,
The book is wholly unlike the ordinary text-books of zoology and
botany, in that it is not dominated by any special phase of the subject, but
touches upon the entire field ; its aim being to guide the general student
in following the course of practical studies which it offers rather than to
supply him directly with all the knowiedge he is expected to acquire.
Each of the seven chapters forms an introduction to some branch of
general biology, which is illustrated by references to familiar examples,
and the practical exercises which they contain are not studies of animal
types but of the biological phenomena in question. ‘These practical
studies contain directions for obtaining and preparing the necessary
material, as well as for the intelligent study thereof. They are full of
valuable suggestions, not only for the student, but for the instructor, and
will be found most useful for teachers of biology, entomology and kindred
subjects, in both high schools and universities.
The arrangement of the subject matter is somewhat novel, as
indicated by the following list of headings of the seven chapters :
I. The Interdependence of Organisms.
II. The Simpler Organisms. —
III. Organic Evolution.
IV. Inheritance.
Vo Phe life Cycle.
VI. The Adjustment of Organisms to Environment.
VII. The Responsive Life of Organisms.
All the chapters except the second contain many references to insect
biology. ‘The first discusses the relations between flowers and insects,
188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
and those between ants and aphids, and the interrelatiors of gall insects.
In the third homology and phylogeny are illustrated by studies of the
wing-veins of three series of closely allied insects. In Chapters V and VI,
as the headings suggest, entomology takes a prominent part. A_ special
feature of Chapter VI is a number of practical studies of aquatic animals,
mainly insects, which are particularly well suited to the study of secondary
adaptations to environment. As examples of these studies may be
mentioned the following :
‘‘ The principal types of gills found in aquatic insects.”
“The comparative development of respiratory apparatus in aquatic
insect larvze.”
‘* A comparison of the structure of ground beetle and diving beetle.”
“A comparative study of the size and activities of diving beetles.”
“ Field observations on diving beetles.”
“ The adaptive structures of diving beetles.”
Animal coloration is also chiefly illustrated from insects, and forms
the subject of one of the practical field studies. It is treated under four
headings : Resemblance, Flash Colours, Warning Coloration and Mimicry,
each of which is illustrated by examples easily obtainable by the general
student.
In the last chapter, which deals mainly with psychological phenomena,
the nature of instinct is analyzed by experiments on the reactions of cater-
pillars in different bodily states to various stimuli, and on the case-building
habits of caddis-flies.
In the appendix, in which directions are given for handling the micro-
scope, dissecting, etc., a key to the genera of North American Dytiscide
is included as an aid in the studies of diving beetles mentioned above.
The book is eminently readable, the style being lucid and vigorous,
and is fairly free from typographical errors. The numerous illustrations
are largely original, and include a number of good photogravures.
' Mailed May 7th, 1910.
The G anadlian Ventomolagist,
Vou. XLII, LONDON, JUNE, rgro. No. 6.
NOCTUID NOTES.
BY F, H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA,
Xylina Treit. (Graptolitha Hibn., Hamps. Cat.).
Amongst the many errors in nomenclature brought to light by Sir
George Hampson’s most valued work on the Noctuide, is one concerning
two of our commonest eastern Xylinas.
In 1871 Riley described what he believed to be a very variable
species as X. cinerea. In 1874 Grote recognized that the name referred
to a mixture of species, and choosing a specimen of one of them as a type
to hold Dr. Riley’s name, described another form as /aticinerea. In 1879
Prof. Fernald discovered that Walker’s antennata, which had been
described in 1858 from an unknown locality, came from North America,
and was the species chosen by Grote to hold Riley’s name, which therefore
sank. Grote made the reference, and at the same time tentatively
separated and described a third form from the group as cizerosa. Then
Riley, finding czzerosa preoccupied in the genus by a European species of
Guenée’s, cited Grofei as the name to be used for Grote’s cznerosa.
The foregoing is old, and well known, but Sir George Hampson’s
changes are more recent, and as yet but little known. The European
cinerosa Gn., has now turned out to be a synonym, and Hampson
therefore restores Grote’s name in place of the long familiar Grofez. But
he has also shown us that hitherto Grote’s two species have generally stood
reversed in collections, and that the large gray-sprinkled species, with
whitish contrasting orbicular, and without brown in reniform, is really
cinerosa = Grotet, and that /aticinerea is the smaller, less gray, and more
common species, of which Winnipeg Smith is correctly referred by him
asasynonym. I have studied the types of all the above names. The
variation is apt to be confusing, and c/werosa and Jaticinerea appeared to
me to be mixed at the British Museum as elsewhere, but the type of
Jaticinerea is figured by Hampson, and a specimen like the type of
cinerosa, and both figures are easily recognizable, The synonymy now
stands ;
190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Xylina cinerosa Grt. | Large, gray-sprinkled; orbicular whitish, con-
Grotei Riley trasting. No brown in reniform.
laticinerea Grt. } Smaller, duller, orbicular scarcely contrasting,
Winnipeg Smith § usually with brown in reniform.
antennata, Walk. )
cinerea Riley ) (No change.)
The characters given for the first two species were designated by -
Grote himself. Holland’s figure of /aticinerea happens to be correct,
but in Prof. Smith’s monograph, Pl. v, figs. 29 and 30, the names are
reversed.
A species standing wrongly under Winnipeg in collections, and often
mixed with the true species, is the Manitoba form of animada, which is
rather more strongly marked than typical.
X. hemina Grt.—This name has long been applied to dispostta, from
which it has been thought questionably distinct. Nearly all the specimens
I have seen standing in collections as Aemina, I believe to be disfosita.
At any rate, none have been /emina, the two being really quite unlike, as
my notes on, and Hampson’s figure of the type of Aemina show. Though
I have known disfosita for long, until I saw the type in the British
Museum about a year ago, I had never seen Aemina. My notes on the
type tell me that it is a strigate species, and “so unlike dispfosita that
comparison is superfluous.” The type comes from Lewis Co., N. Y., and
it appears to be a very rare species. Though I have seen several of the
principal collections, I have not yet identified this with certainty in any of
them. Grote in his description says that it is longer winged than @isfostta,
with “spots and lines less distinctly limited, and more as in fefudca.” He
adds that it has a peculiar general resemblance in ornamentation and
colour to Hadena vulgaris. The type, a male, came from the Hill
collection, which contained other specimens. Where that collection now
is, I have not heard. Smith’s Monograph, Pl. iii, fig. 2, called ‘* Aemiéina,
melanic form,” I rather suspect of being a pale oriunda. Fig. 4 I should
call about normal fefu/ca, and the same as fig. 13, called rignosa, a name
of which I cannot at present arrive at the true status,
Taniocampa Gn. (Monima Hbn.; Hamps. Cat.)
It will come, I fear, as a shock to many, to learn that both the names
alia Gn., and pacifica Harv., are everywhere wrongly used. The type of
Taniocampa alia Gn., is a good specimen, a female, in the British
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191
Museum. It was described in 1852 from ** U.S. A.” It is the common
‘and widely distributed species hitherto everywhere known as Hadena
suffusca Morr., described twenty-three years later, of which, however, I
have not yet seen the type. Assuming suffusca to have been correctly
identified, a/a Gn., which has smooth eyes, and is therefore not a
Teeniocampa, has priority.
The next name up till now in the synonymy of a//a being A7bisci Gn.,
that must be used for the common eastern Teniocampa. I have not seen
the type, but merely assume that it has been correctly referred, not to
alia, but to the species we have mistaken therefor. Hampson’s figure of
alia is not of the type, but the species I now call Azbisct. Whether
Guenée intended the name a//a to apply to the species which bears the
type label may be open to question. I have not seen the description, but
am guided by the type. Though the Tzeniocampa sometimes resembles
-alia in colour, and they have a similar subterminal line and shade, they
can scarcely be confused by anyone acquainted with both, even apart
from generic characters. From the foregoing it follows that Holland’s
figure of ada should be called A7b7scz.
In 1874 Dr. Harvey, or more probably perhaps really Grote, under
Harvey’s name, described pacifica from Sanzalito, Calif., comparing it to
alia, undoubtedly meaning thereby, not the Hadena, but Azdzscz. Harvey’s
name has also been wrongly applied to a very common and widely
distributed British Columbian form which intergrades in Alberta with
Aibisci. His type is a female in the British Museum, where there are four
other similar Californian specimens, and one from Vancouver Island.
Other true pacifica that I have seen are, one in my own collection from
Oakland (which is close to the place repeatedly called “Sanzalito” in
Hampson’s Catalogue, though I believe Sancelito is correct) ; one in Prof.
Smith’s collection labelled ‘‘ Canada”; and a male from Victoria, B. C., in
the Neumogen collection at Brooklyn. I may have seen one or two more,
but can find no note of them at present. It is evidently a very rare
species. It is characterized by the paler colour, obsolescent orbicular,
narrow, somewhat constricted reniform, contrasting with the pale, even
ground, but not conspicuously pale ringed, and a slight w in thes. t. line,
which is preceded by a narrow dark band of even width. ;
The common B. C. form hitherto passing as pacéfica, as it intergrades
with the eastern Azb/sci in Alberta, I cannot recognize as distinct, though
on the B: C. coast it is certainly a well-marked local race. In view of this
fact, and as it has for years passed as a species, being larger and far
192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
brighter coloured than eastern specimens, I propose the racial name
latirena, which will serve to distinguish it from pacifica. I consider no
description necessary, and make no type. Hampson does not figure the
type of facifica, and his figure under that name is /atirena.
Quinguefasciata Sm. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVII, p. 65, 1909), is
a well-marked form of /atirena, with distinct cross-lines and ventral shade,
which I have had in my collection for fifteen years, and have often vainly
tried to separate out as a species. I am no better able to do so after
seeing the types, and believe it to be merely a varietal form, occurring
throughout the range of the /atirena form of Aibiset.
The synonymy of the above mentioned species will now stand :
Hadena alia Gn.
suffusca Morr.
Tzeniocampa pacifica Harv.
oi hibisci Gn.
a. latirena Auct.
b. quinquefasciata Sm.
ZT. mecrona Sm. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, p. 95, 1908). A good
species, I believe, described from Kaslo, and recognized by Mr. Cockle
and the writer two years before. It is the “grayer and smoother first
brood of communis” referred to by Dr. Dyar in the Kaslo list, and a large
number of the co-types of communis are mecrona. I have separated them
in the Washington collection. It is characterized by being slightly larger
and longer winged, less red, having cross-lines fainter, orbicular usually
larger and rarely dark-centered, and less of shade before s. t. line. The
two are very close allies, and must be well studied in good series to be
separated. I have a specimen from Oakland, Calif.
7. Smithii Dyar, its author refers, in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XX VII,
p. 868, 1904, as “at least a different race from communis.” The female
type at Washington is from “‘N. III,” and I believe it to be the same
species as Morrison’s type of ‘ncinata, male, without locality, in the same
collection. It is a broader winged species than communis, with male
antenne bipectinate with rather long branches. A Colorado female there in
the :ncinata series, and one from Mr. Val. Fernaker (? Wisconsin), as well as
type Smithti, have double pale-filled t. a. line. Type incinata and a 9?
“N. Ill.” have it single, but they seemed to me all one species.
TZ. alurina, Sm.—The type is a Chicago male in Prof. Smith’s collec-
tion, where there is also a male from Pittsburg, Pa. It is an ally of
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193
hibisci, but is broader winged, and has more strongly serrate-fasciculate
antenne, almost pectinate, as mentioned in the description.
T. saleppa Smith (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXIII, p. 132, 1907.)—
Described from Wellington and Victoria, B. C, asa close ally of preses
Grt. Prof. Smith has in his collection two short series as preses and
saleppa, including the type of the former, and B. C. specimens under both.
Those under sa/epfa are paler and more ochreous than the rest, but I am
unable to recognize two species, and do not think that B. C. collectors
can do so either.
MOSQUITO OBSERVATIONS.—ConTINUED,
BY C. S. LUDLOW, PH. D.
Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C.
In an article published last year* I described the female of
Oculiomyia Fulleri mihi, and since then have received several specimens
of each sex. The male resembles the female closely in colour markings,
but it is of some interest to note that in each of the three males the verti-
cels of the antenne are in part specially developed. In one instance the
6th and 7th joints show them short, heavy, wrinkled and scale-like ; on the
other two specimens the 6th, 7th and 8th joints have the verticels altered
in this way, while in one of these, on one antenna, the verticels at one
joint appear as long slenderly spatulate flat scales about half as long as
the normal verticels. The specimens are, as a whole, in bad condition,
only one leg remaining on the males, and as it broke off before I noticed
its attachment I cannot be sure which it is; the ungues on it are unequal
and simple.
There have also been received two apparently new forms, described
below, and the female of Popea /utea mihi, the male of which was
described} in 1905, and no other specimens received until this year.
FPopea lutea mihi (female).
The general markings agree well with those of the males, but are, as a
whole, darker.
Antenne brown, white, unscaled at the joints, basal joint testaceous,
Ist joint with many dark brown flat scales, verticeis and pubescence
brown or light, according to the direction of the light ; palpi short ;
* New Philippine Mosquitoes. Can. Ent., Mch., 1go9.
+Mosquito Notes, No. 3. Can. Ent., Mch., 1905.
June, 1910
1M THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mottled brown and light yellow with aggregations of light scales at the
apices of the ultimate and penultimate joints simulating bands ; proboscis
mostly yellow, base dark brown, and an irregular band of dark brown at
the apical portion ; labell light.
The abdominal markings vary greatly in both sexes ; in some spect-
mens the males have a nearly pure yellow abdomen with narrow dark
brown apical bands, while in others the abdomen is much darker, the
“spots” only being light; the females are darker than the males, but
even then vary much, being often dark with small median yellow spots
and very small white apical lateral spots, the last two segments mostly
light, sometimes with a narrow sub-apical dark band. Sometimes the
median spots are white, and there are two submedian nearly apical yellow
spots making a suggestion of triangular marking, the base towards the
apex of the segments, and the small lateral white spots are extended into
a very narrow cephalocaudad line on most of the segments. The ventral
tufts are not so pronounced as in the male and could easily be overlooked;
the venter is yellow with apical brown bands.
Legs as in the male, but the last joint in either may be yellow witha
dark basal spot or band. Ungues are uniserrate on all the legs.
Wings as in male, but darker.
Stegomyia nigritia, n. sp. (female).
Head dark brown, closely covered, except the very tip of the vertex
which is partly white, with dark brown flat scales and a few brown
bristles ; antennz brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint
brown with a few white flat scales ; palpi dark brown, ultimate joint and
apex of penultimate brilliant white ; proboscis dark brown ; clypeus dark
brown ; eyes dark brown.
Thorax dark brown ; prothoracic lobes with brilliant white flat scales
and brown bristles ; mesonotum with dark brown slender curved scales,
and a line of brilliant white scales at the lateral margin extending cephalad
from the wing joint almost continuously to the prothoracic lobes, ard
partly on the pleura; pleura brown with a few bunches of white scales
and the line just referred to at the junction of the mesonotum ; scutellum
with brown flat scales ; metanotum brown.
Abdomen: Dark brown with dark brown scales and brilliant white
lateral spots sometimes extending across the tergum as very narrow basal
bands, venter brown with basal sub-median brilliant white spots.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195
Legs: coxz and trochanters all mottled brown and white scales ;
fore femora dark brown with apical white spot, tibiz dark, rst and 2nd
tarsal joints with tiny basal white spots, remaining joints dark; mid-
femora dark with narrow light line ventrally, apex white, tibize dark with
very small basal white spots, rst and 2nd tarsal joints with small basal
white spots, and a couple of white scales at base of third joint on one leg,
the rest dark ; hind femora white at base and as a line on cephalic aspect
to near the apex, apex white, tibize dark with tiny basal white spot, rst,
2nd, 3rd and 4th tarsal joints dark with broad white basal bands, Jast
joint pure white. .
Wing: brown scaled ; cells rather long, rst submarginal distinctly
longer and about the same width as 2nd posterior; base of third long
vein and mid cross-vein meet and of about equal length, posterior cross-
vein a trifle longer and distant more than twice its length. Halteres dark.
Length 5 mm., without proboscis.
Habitat, Cottabato, Mindanao, P. I.
Taken December.
Described from two quite perfect specimens sent by the Surgeon at
the Post.
The mesonotum suggests D. fusca, Theob., but the third long vein is
not carried back, and the leg markings are, of course, quite distinctive.
Culex 2? aureopunctis, n. sp. (female).
Head brown, covered with ochraceous curved and lateral flat scales,
many dark brown fork scales, a line of yellow scales around the eyes, a
couple of yellow bristles between the eyes and many brown ones pro-
jecting forward around the eyes The head does not seem at all denuded,
nevertheless there is a bare median V-shaped space, the base at the
vertex. Antenne dark brown, white banded at the joints, verticels and
pubescence dark brown, basal joint brown ; palpi dark brown with some
pale scales ; proboscis apparently has the apical third partly denuded, but
the remaining scales show dark brown with a deep ochraceous band near
the apical third especially well marked on the ventral side, labellee dark ;
eyes brown with red-gold reflections ; clypeus brown.
Thorax dark brown ; prothoracic lobes with light ochraceous scales
and brown bristles ; mesonotum covered with dark brown curved scales
and a few golden yellow ones which make a broken line from the wing
joints to the prothoracic lobes at the junction of mesonotum and pleura,
and a faint line on either side of the ‘‘bare space” running cephalad
106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
from the scutellum about half the length of the mesonotum, where they
terminate in two brilliant round yellow spots, also a faint median spot
near the nape, heavy bunches of brown bristles on either side of the “bare
space” and at the wing joint; pleura brown with some pale scales ;
scutellum brown with bright ochraceous curved scales and many brown
bristles ; metanotum brown.
Abdomen brown, closely covered with brown flat scales and a few
apical ochraceous ones on the 4th, 5th and 6th segments, making minute
apical bands on the two latter, apical hairs ochraceous, venter ochraceous,
with dark apical bands, the ochraceous scales extending on the seventh
segment so as to form small lateral spots visible on the dorsal aspect.
Legs: Coxe brown with pale scales, trochanters with ochraceous
scales ; all the femora with very dark brown scales, speckled or mottled
with ochraceous spots, ventrally ochraceous and with an apical ochraceous
spot ; tibiz dark, mottled with ochraceous spots, the bases and apices very
narrowly ochraceous-banded, and in some lights the whole tibia looks
fawn-coloured ; all the femora and tibie with many dark brown bristles ;
all the tarsi very dark, but in some lights appear fawn-coloured. Fore and
mid ungues with a tiny basal protuberance, hardly a tooth, hind ungues
simple.
Wings: Clear, with very small brown scales ; indeed, for the size of
the insect all the scales are small; the median scales rather heavy and
Teniorhynchus-like, the lateral scales linear. The apex of the wing is
densely scaled, but the base of the sixth and third long veins have appar-
ently never had any lateral scales, though there are a few at the apex of
the sixth, and the apical half of the third is rather densely scaled. The
costa shows a delicately spinous effect. The cells are long, nearly double
the length of the stems, and the first submarginal is longer and narrower
than the second posterior cell, their bases nearly on a line; the root of
the third long vein and the mid cross-vein meet and are of about equal
length, the posterior cross-vein is about one-quarter longer, and is directed
slightly backward and only a little interior to the mid. Halteres are dark,
the knob darker than the stem.
Length, 7.5 mm., without proboscis.
Habitat,—Cottabato, Mindanao, P. I.
Taken December.
Described from one nearly perfect specimen sent by Capt. Eastman,
M.C., U.S. Army. It is a large species, and in the hand is a rich
reddish-brown, the two yellow spots on the thorax being very noticeable,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197
NOTES ON OUR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE MAY-FLY
GENUS HEPTAGENTIA.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST FALLS CHURCH, VA.
The May-fly genus Hepftagenia is a very well marked cne, in the
form that Walsh used the name. Eaton split up the genus into several,
none of which are readily identified ; most of these genera are based on
secondary sexual characters, which I cannot recognize as of generic value.
Epeorus (with Zron) is perhaps the most distinct group, and may yet be
used in a subgeneric sense, if some character can be discovered to support
it. In the male the basal joint of tarsus I is subequal to the second joint,
and in most of the species the sete are brown, not marked with black at
tips of joints; however, in H. (Zpecorus) modestus, described below, the
sete are as in other Hepragenia.
It may be remarked here that in Heptagenia every alternate joint of
the sete is unmarked or only faintly marked at its tip; whereas in
Siphlonurus every joint of the sete is equally marked with black at its
tip ; this enables one to readily distinguish the setze of these two genera,
when, as frequently happens, they are broken off in a vial or box contain-
ing both genera.
I have added the description of one Californian species of Epeorus.
The following table of the Eastern species of Heptagenia (except
Epeorus) applies to the males ; females, however, will, in some cases,
also run out correctly. There are several species described from the
Eastern United States or Canada that. I have not identified ; and one or
two of my identifications are somewhat doubtful to me, especially Z.
simplex. The form I have from Washington may very possibly be a new
species allied to the true H. simplex.
1. Thorax with a broad dark median stripe, or two narrow stripes close
together, male wins basal joint of tarsus I longer than apical
HOM cere She er hi geen re See ARO a ee eae ey bee ke LT. verticis.
iT Berewienout dark, median; sitipe.. 552s iS2 iss DY Dac eo ae ae
2. Tips of hind wings distinctly dark ; beneath the bulla the cross-veins
are more numerous than licwhere and faintly clouded. Z. vicarius.
das Gi nine wipesrma: darker sik. Cubs Pe.S4). kT ee a 33
3._Anterior margin of head black ; colour pale yellowish, with black spots
on the pronotum and Siedray no dash in wings..... Hf, marginalis.
Anterior margin of head not black, though there may be black spots
ANON serene te. Oats io sor eee wh Re RG PAPI AS Se 4.
June, 1910
198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
4. Two black spots or a band on face under the antenne ; femora
banded in the auiddle 3.3 wai SONA BP ek lees hs eS 5.
No black spots on face under antenne ............ 00.000 eeeeee rE
5. No dash in wing ; about two cross-veins margined with black near the
place, thorax Gtowynials 5 oo vkpeeid bens op bacwhee obit . HW. frontalis.
A dark dash in wing, thorax and abdomen often yellowish........ 6.
6. A spot each side on face under antenne ; abdomen mostly
DGG. wok canard weeded Saat pabrow Aw hw ateaiecela H1. interpunctata,
A band on face under antenn# ; abdomen usually
GOFEOE 005s 4 inieeerbigy EVEREST Rd be bm bass 64% Sept H. Canadensis.
7. All costals before bulla broadly margined with black, also some other
cross-Veins ; small species. 3.05 J... .ck ese eee ee H. maculipennis.
INGE. 60° BOATIY CONUEIN, DBP oon es o's drone bea cen sun Oe
8. Small species, veins hyaline,....... ates .. Hf. simplex.
Larger species, veins rea hoe sont area Re Pe H. Jlavescens.
Sree VRGW DE YORTREG y') sld x 5's ind an sb nes 0b OK ce eke ba eee
g. Femora unbanded in middle, rn all brownish.......... placita.
Femora DANGEG. IN BOIUGIG 6 <5 s vin ce tins cake dase sates cane
10, Two small dark dots on median carina between antenne, thorax
GIR Sh sc reaping ies ans 16S EBL tele Ved net Coad H. tripunctata.
PORE ONS yak tha tk piwia Se Nanias iain diaw a ate ua gia It
11. Thorax and abdomen very ae ; the pe kau veins mostly
pale . Khas Sivan . Hf, pulchella.
Thorax sat gids datkeh | some at vee ionintenitictal veins brown. 12.
12. Apical costal area darker; larger species, 10 mm. long. H. /uridipennis.
Apical costal area not much darker ; smaller species, ‘8 mm.
MORES gs nsce uerpip pw awk oe yn he pae ame A> po aae 50% H. terminata.
Heptagenia marginatlis, 0. sp.
A rather large pale species, but not as pale as . flavescens, the
anterior margin of the produced clypeus black: pronotum each side with
a black stripe, and the lower margin black ; a black mark on the hind edge
of coxa I, one each side of coxa II, one behind the last and rather above
it, and one above coxa III at base of abdomen, dorsal segment narrowly
margined behind with black, and a dark oblique stripe each side, sete
rather dark; venter pale, unmarked, except the ventral plate of female is
rather darker ; this plate is nearly hemispherical and nearly covering the
next segment ; wings faintly darker along the costal area, especially near
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199
the tip ; venation brown, none of the veins margined, basal costal cross-
vein wholly pale; last dorsal segment of abdomen with two narrow
parallel depressions above. Legs pale, femora a little darker at tips, not
in middle. Inthe male the basal joint of tarsus I is shorter than the
fifth. Length, ro mm.
From Glencarlyn, Va., July 23 ; Harrisburg, Penna,, Wetzel’s Swamp,
Oct. 2, and Great Falls, Va., June 18, ¢.
Heptagenia plactta, Nn. sp.
Male: Head pale, a transverse dark band on vertex; notum rich
brown ; pleura pale, mostly white; abdomen pale, posterior margin of
dorsal segments narrowly black ; last two
segments reddish-brown ; setz very pale,
. the joinings barely marked ; venter pale;
; \ legs pale, femora without median mark,
\\ but distinctly darker at tips, tip of tibia
I black. Wings hyaline, with brown vena-
tion, apical marginal area suffused with
2 brown, basal costal cross-veins black, and
Fic. 13.—Heptagenia placita, male forceps costal area before it rather darkened, no
and last dorsal segment. 4
other veins margined, six cross-veins be-
fore bulla, twelve beyond it. First tarsal joint of leg I one-half as long as
second joint, and a trifle longer than the fifth joint. Length, 8.5 mm.;
wing, 9.5 mm.
From Sport Island, Sacandaga River, N. Y., June 12. (Alexander.)
Heptagenia tripunctata, Nn. sp.
Male: Thorax as dark as in & ¢erminata, femora with middle and
apical dark bands, tip of tibia I dark ; basal joint of tarsus I one-half as
long as second joint, subequal to fifth joint; a few brown dots on face,
especially two near middle below the anterior ocellus. Each segment of
the abdomen with three dark dots on its hind border, one at middle, and
one on each lower side, near the stigma ; venter unmarked. Wings with
dark on the apical costal part; basal cross-vein very heavy and black,
other costals also dark ; anterior pleura with an oblique dark streak ; eight
to ten costals before bulla, about fifteen beyond. Length, 1o mm.
From Milwaukee, Wisconsin, also Westfield, N. Y.
Heptagenia frontalis, n. sp.
Male: Pale yellowish, resembling A pulchella and H. terminata.
There is on the face a black spot under each antenne and adjoining the
200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ae
eye ; a narrow oblique black line udder front wing, a line over base of
hind legs, and margin of pronotum black ; notum brown, but the median
prolongation is yellowish. Femora pale, each with middle and apical
bands of brown. Wings hyaline, apical marginal area brownish, some
cross-veins in costal and radial areas margined with black, one or two
under bulla are more broadly margined. The wings are rather long and
narrow ; about six costals before bulla and thirteen or fourteen beyond.
Length, 8 mm.
From Middlesex Fells, Mass, August; by the black spots under
antenne it is near to 77. interpunctata, but separated by absence of the
dash in front wings.
Hi. pulchella and H. terminata Walsh.
I think both of these are good species; in life 4. pu/chella is very
pale, almost whitish-hyaline ; while 4. ¢erminata has a dark thorax, a
darker tip to the abdomen, and the stigmal dots are distinct, as well as
other marks on the segments, at least in fully-coloured specimens. It is
very close to 1. luridipennis, but smaller.
H. interpunctata Say, and H. Canadensis Walk.
Both of these have the black dash under the bulla, but the former is
pale, yellow or greenish, while 7. Canadensis is very dark and larger, and
more northern in distribution.
H. flaveola Pict., is, I think, a synonym of AH. interpunctata.
This species is very abundant over the Eastern States ; the female has a
prominent black dot above each latera! ocellus, but not the spots under
the antenne,
2. maculipennis Walsh.
This is readily known by the heavily-marked costal cross-veins ; it is a
small species, with rather narrow wings ; each abdominal segment has on
the sides an oblique dark stripe (not an apical band).
H. simplex Walsh.
A small form which may be this species occurs near Washington, but
is rather too small. The wing is narrow, like Z. macu/ipennis, but wholly
unmarked, and the venation pale.
Hi. flavescens Walsh.
This is a wholly pale species, of fairly large size. I have it from
St. Anthony’s Park, Minn.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201
FZ. vicarius Walk.
Is a large dark species, with deeply-marked venation, and the tips of
hind wings in both sexes and in the subimago rather broadly infuscated.
FT. verticis Say.
Is a large, rather dark species, with a dark median stripe on the
notum ; sometimes there is a faint dash under the bulla, as in 7
Canadensts.
Fleptagenia luridipennis Burm.
Male: brownish ; notum rich brown ; dorsum of abdomen brownish ;
two approximate submedian streaks, a lateral streak, and hind margin of
each segment darker ; sete pale, alternate joinings plainly brown; legs
faintly brownish, all femora with dark middle band, and dark at tips, tip
of tibia I black ; venter pale brownish, lighter at tip; wings hyaline,
faintly darker in the apical marginal area, venation uniformly pale brown,
the basal costal cross-vein heavily black, about seven cross-veins before
bulla, about twelve beyond, all simple; basal joint of tarsus I hardly one-
half as long as second, subequal to fifth. Male genitalia similar to 7.
placita, but the ventral plate is not so deeply emarginate in middle, and
the forceps limb is rather longer. Length, 11 mm.; wing, 13 mm.
From Johnstown, N. Y., June 1. (Alexander.) Also Westfield, N.
Y., and Washington, D. C.
Re ee ie
| aS
Es i \ AY
\ ee
| ia
Fic. 14.—-Heptagenia luridipennts, male Fic. 15.—Zpeorus pleuralis, male forceps and
forceps and last dorsal segment. middle appendages from side.
Heptagenia (Epeorus) pleuralis, n. sp.
Pale reddish-brown above, paler beneath ; each side from base of
fore wing forward is a furcate white streak, other smaller white streaks and
spots on the pleura ; legs pale brownish, a prominent black spot on under
side of each femur, a little before the middle ; sete long, brown, joinings
202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
not marked ; wings hyaline, rather darker in costal area near the tip ;
venation pale brown, the costal cross-veins very faint in basal part of wing.
Leg I of male very long, the basal tarsal joint as. long as the second, the
third about as long, and the fourth plainly shorter. About six or eight costal
cross-veins before buila, and twelve to fifteen beyond. The male forceps
very long and slender, the submedian appendages, seen from side, show a
submedian erect, slender tooth or spine. Length, 9 mm.; wing, 9 mm.
From near Gloversville, N. Y., May 15. (Alexander.)
Heptagenia (Epeorus) modestus, n. sp.
Pale ; thorax and tip of the abdomen dark ; other segments of the
abdomen narrowly tipped with dark ; legs pale, femora banded near the
middle with brown, tip of tibia I of male black ; basal joint of male tarsus
I about as long as the second joint, the third as long as second, the fourth
much shorter, fifth one-half of the basal; the first, second and third
together a little longer than the tibia; sete pale*their alternate joints
tipped with dark ; wings scarcely darker in the apical costal area, longi-
tudinal veins faintly brown, the cross-veins darker brown, none marked
with black, except the basal costal ; five or six costals before bulla, eight
or ten beyond. Length, 6.5 mm.
From Washington, D. C., and High Island, Md., Sept. Readily
separated from other species by the pale sete marked with dark at tips
of joints.
Heptagenia (Epeorus) Californicus, n. sp.
Thorax pale brownish ; abdomen pale, hind margin of each segment
dark ; tip of abdomen darker than elsewhere ;
sete brown, unmarked ; wings with the costal
margin rather dark, especially toward tip; vena-
tion pale brown, no heavily marked veins ;
femora unmarked, but rather brownish, tip of
tibia I of male dark ; basal joint of tarsus I
fully as long as the second, third also as long,
Fic. 16.—Epeorus Californicus, fourth a little shorter ; first and second tarsal
oe joints together nearly as long as the tibia.
The submedian appendages, seen from the side, do not show any spine
above; the last segment of the male forceps is very long. Length, 10 mm.
From the mountains near Claremont, Calif. (Baker.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 203
NOTES ON A FEW BUTTERFLIES FOUND AT KASLO AND
IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BY J. W. COCKLE, KASLO, B. C.
It has been suggested that notes on the occurrence of unusual butter-
flies should be published, and, as the following will show, I have been
fortunate in making several interesting captures.
Chionobas gigas Butler.—A remarkable male specimen was taken at
Kaslo in thick timber and near the water’s edge, at an altitude of 1,800
feet, on the first of June, 1908. All previous records of this species were
from the coast mountains at high altitudes. Mt. Arrowsmith, on Vancouver
Island, and Mt. Cheam, on the lower mainland, were the only known
localities. Wright, in his ‘‘ Butterflies of the West Coast,” says gigas is
found on the bald knobs of the mountain tops, but never in the valleys or
lowlands ; so the occurrence of gigas in the valley of the Kootenays at a
low altitude adds interest to the record.
The specimen on the upper side agrees with specimens from Mt.
Arrowsmith, but on the under side there is a marked variation, the
primaries being identical with the figure of zva//da, Mead., which Wright
figures and reports as occurring in the Sierras at an elevation of 10,000 ft.
This variation applies only to the maculation ; the ground colour is like
gigas, a rich nut-brown, and not pale straw-colour as in zvad/da.
Everes comyntas Godart.—One male, Kaslo, B. C., May 30, 1904.
Considerable doubt may be expressed as to this record, but the specimen
is identical with eastern material, and has no resemblance to amyuntula,
which is acommon species here. I cannot claim this as a record of
farthest west, as I was shown a specimen which I identified as comyntas,
in the collection of Mr. A. H. Bush, of Vancouver ; this was taken on the
Stickeen River, on the north coast of British Columbia.
Colias Kootenat.—A probable new species, May 17 to 20, and fall
brood to Oct. 9. This has been confounded with erzphyle, Edw., but does
not agree with Edwards’s description. It emerges about three weeks
earlier than erifhyle in both broods; the margins are narrower, the
expanse less than that of eviphy/e, and the colour of the secondaries on
the underside is greenish and not deep orange-yellow, as stated in
Edwards’s description of eviphyle. Unfortunately the Co/zas group is in
great need of revision by some one who is broad-minded enough to assign
all the various named species to their proper place. I have secured a
large series of Co/ias in order to compare them with this reputed new
June, 1910
24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
species, and I find that philodice, eriphyle and christina are generally
distinguished in collections as representatives of certain localities, and at
the same time I can take individual specimens from all of these localities,
and they are absolutely identical in maculation and colour. I do not wish
to be understood as saying that the original descriptions of these species
are not valid, but that they are so little known that many examples which
are now so named in collections are entirely wrong. My own opinion is
that philodice is far more widely distributed in the west than is generally
recognized,
Thecla iroides, Boisd., var. immacu/ata, n. var., one, Kaslo, B. C.,
May, 1897. An albinic form of éroides, of a deep straw colour, shading
to canary-yellow, immaculate on both upper and under sides.
This is the only albinic specimen of Thecla that appears to be
known, and my object in recording it is that possibly some collectors may
have met with other specimens of this character ; it is the only one I have
ever seen, and was taken amongst a large series of ¢roides, which is one of
the commonest butterflies here, flying in thousands in the early spring.
Cyaniris ladon, Cram., var. Quesnel/ii, at Bala Lake, Quesnelle,
northern B. C. These two specimens were brought down by a “ timber
cruiser” and given to me. TI submitted them to the late Dr. Fletcher, who
wrote me that, had they been taken in Ontario, he would have had no
hesitation in stating that they were a melanized form of /adon, and would
have named them ‘ macu/ata-suffusa.”. As we have already ten recog-
nized varietles of /adon, it would seem unfair to burden the lists with a
new variety, but in view of the opening up of northern B. C. by the
transcontinental railways, there is every reason to think that if this variety
is found to be (as I think) a distinct local race, it should be entitled to a
specific name. ‘The upper surface is deep violet-blue ; the underside has
the markings as in J/arginata, but they are very heavy and of a deep
chocolate-brown ; a few very minor differences may also be found, but
they are trivial,
I hope some of our collectors will obtain further specimens of this
‘‘ Blue,” and can only apologize for naming it tentatively, asI think it will
prove a local race which will be found abundant in the Quesnelle Valley.
When further specimens can be secured to substantiate the MS.
description, I shall take pleasure in publishing a full description as a
tribute to a Canadian who was good enough to remember a poor butterfly
hunter over 1,000 miles away.
or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA.
CHALCIDOIDEA, ENCYRTID&.
BY A. B. GAHAN, MARYLAND EXPERIMENT STATION.
The following new species of Hymenoptera are deemed of sufficient
interest to warrant description. The two species of Zupe/mus were reared
by the writer during the past season, while the other two species were
found accessioned but unidentified in the collection of the Experiment
Station. Types of all the species have been placed in the United States
National Museum.
Lupelmus brevicauda, n. sp.
Female : Head transverse, as wide as the thorax, somewhat coarsely
and densely punctate with silvery-white pubescence on the cheeks and face
below antenne ; brassy-green, except the eyes, which are without
pubescence. Antennnal scape not especially long, flattened on side next
to eyes, cupreus-green ; flagellum subclavate, obliquely truncate at the tip,
pilose ; pedicel and two or three following joints brassy ; remaining joints
darker, nearly black. Prothorax short, narrowed in front, cupreus ;
mesoscutum with broad longitudinal depression in the middle, green with
bright cupreus reflections and with sparse white pubescence, very finely
punctate ; sternum and pleure shagreened, dark metallic-green, former
with sparse white pubescence, the latter bare: axillz slightly separated,
‘scutellum rounded behind and unicolorous with the mesoscutum. Wings
very slightly and uniformly fuliginous. Fore and hind cox metallic-green,
median pair darker ; trochanters yellowish ; fore and middle femora and
tibia brownish-yellow, hind femora dark brown, the hind tibiz with basal
half brown and apical half light yellow ; all tarsi with ist joint whitish,
following joints brown, last joint and ungues black. Abdomen hairy, with
dorsal segments 1-4 deeply incised, dark purplish, except at base, which is
bright metallic-green. Ovipositor sheath short, black, except apex, which
is yellowish ; ovipositor slightly exserted and yellowish. Length, 3.5 mm.
Described from five female specimens reared from eggs of Mantis sp.
at College Park, Md., and two female from Galveston, Texas, also reared
from Mantis eggs. The Texas specimens were loaned by the United
States National Museum.
Lupelmus momphe, n.sp.
Female : Head slightly wider than the thorax, rugosely sculptured,
tending to parallel wrinkles on the vertex, temples, and cheeks, brassy-
green with more or less purple about the bases of the antenne ; antennz
June, 1910
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
12-jointed ; scape not reaching the anterior ocellus, colour of burnished
brass ; pedicel and flagellum dull bronze, almost black, club slightly
flattened and obliquely cut cffat apex. Prothorax narrowed in front,
punctate, with a fringe of long black hairs dorso-posteriorly, slightly
ceneous ; Mesoscutum seneous, sculptured and with sparse white pubescence,
parapsidal furrows broad and meeting slightly behind the middle of the
mesoscutum ; axille separated, scutellum rounded behind, sculpture and
colour like that of mesoscutum ; mesopleure and mesosternum finely
reticulately sculptured, steel-blue, tinged with zneous, the mesepimeron
without pubescence ; metathorax dorsally nearly smooth, shining green with
white hairs laterally. Fore and hind coxe metallic and punctate, their
femora dark blue or black ; all the trochanters, knees, and apices of tibie
yellow ; middle femora and all tibie yellowish-brown ; posterior and
middle tarsi with the first two or three joints whitish, the others brown;
front tarsi yellowish, the apex brown. Wings hyaline the veins brown.
Abdomen as long as the thorax, shining purplish above, more or less
zeneous below, dorsal segments deeply incised ; ovipositor sheath extend-
ing beyond the anus, about one-third the length of the abdomen, black at
base and apex, with a broad orange-yellow annulus between. Length,
3-5 mm.
Habitat.—Alabama.
Described from four females reared from seed pods of Gnothera,
which were infested with Mompha brevivitella.
FHlomalotylus albitarsus, n. sp.
Female: Length, 1.5 mm. Head longer than wide, granularly punc-
tate with numerous coarser punctures on the face; eyes large, elongate
oval ; lateral ocelli touching the eye margins; scrobes not developed ;
scape long and cylindrical ; pedicel nearly three times as long as thick»
twice as long as first funicle joint ; funicle joints subequal and about as
long as thick; club not quite as long as three preceding funicle joints,
obliquely acuminate. Prothorax and mesoscutum scarcely punctate, the
latter shining and with numerous whitish hairs ; mesoscutellum and axille
very finely and closely punctate and opaque, the former large, with a few
scattered hairs ; metanotum smooth and shining. Legs long ; the middle
tibial spur longer than the first tarsal joint. Fore wings with the marginal
vein short; stigmal and postmarginal long and equal ; a hairless streak
running from the base of stigmal vein obliquely backward and inward.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 207
Abdomen not more than half as long as the thorax, the basal dorsal segment
reticulately sculptured. Colour: head ferruginous ; scape, pedicel, and
joints 1, 2 and 3 of funicle dark brown ; joint 4 of funicle brown basally,
becoming white apically ; joints 5 and 6 and the club, white. Prothorax,
axillee, mesoscutellum and mesopleure ferruginous ; mesoscutum dark
brown, nearly black ; fore and middle legs dark ferruginous ; the posterior
femora and tibie dark brown ; middle and hind tarsi white except apical
joint ; front tarsi ferruginous ; fore wing with a broad band in middle
covering a little less than half the wing and a small band at the basal angle
fuscous ; hyaline between bands and at apex. Abdomen blackish brown.
Habitat.— Washington County, Maryland.
Described from two specimens in the collection of the Maryland
Experiment Station. The accession states that these two specimens were
reared August 2nd, 1898, from a larva ona peach twig infested with
Lecanium nigro-fasciatum. The usual hosts of species of Homalotylus are
Coccinellide, and it is safe to assume that the host in this case was the
larve of some Jady-bird which was feeding on the Lecanium.
Cheiloneurus lineascapus, n. sp.
Female : Length, 1.6 mm. Head with the vertex, front and borders
of the mouth finely punctate and opaque, the cheeks, temples, and space
within the semicircular scrobes shining and smooth; ocelli in an acute
angled triangle, the lateral ocelli very close to the eye margins ; scape
reaching a little more than half way tothe anterior ocellus, not strongly
dilated ; pedicel twice as long as thick and equal to the rst funicle joint ;
funicle joints compressed and widening gradually to the club, which is
about as long as the two preceding funicle joints and about as wide as the
last funicle joint. Prothorax and mesopleure slightly shining and very
finely wrinkled; mesoscutum indistinctly punctate, shining and thinly
covered with fine white hairs ; mesoscutellum and axille finely and closely
punctate, the latter with a tuft of very coarse bristles at the apex ;
metascutum smooth and shining. Middle tibial spur stout and as long as
the first tarsal joint, the latter as long as all the succeeding joints combined.
Abdomen smooth and shining, as long as the thorax ; sheath of ovipositor
projecting beyond the anus, about one-fourth the length of the abdomen.
Colour : Head? yellowish-ferruginous, metallic-green on the cheeks ; scape
brown, with a white median stripe from the base to the apex ; pedicel and
flagellum dark brown. Thorax yellow ferruginous, except the mesonotum,
208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
which is purplish-black and the scutellum and axilla, which are brownish.
The anterior wings are wholly clouded, except the basal one-third and a
patch at the extreme apex, which are hyaline; legs brown, with the
exception of the hind coxe, which are lighter and the posterior and
middle tarsi are light yellow, with the apices brown. Abdomen dark
brown above and below, the basal segment above violaceous ; the
ovipositor sheaths yellow.
Habitat.—College Park, Md.
Described from four specimens reared May 7th, 1898, by Franklin
Sherman, Jr. The accession record states that they were reared from
Kermes on lilac.
NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.
BY WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D., AND J. B. MCDUNNOUGH, PH. D.,
DECATUR, ILL.
Afpantesis toale, n. sp.
¢.—Palpi, antenne, front, thorax and patagia black, the latter edged
broadly with whitish-pink on both margins. Collar with a dorsal and two
lateral pinkish stripes, the latter being continuous with the edging of the
patagia. Pectus blackish, with a pinkish lateral stripe close to base of
wings, legs black, marked with light ochre. Abdomen crimson above,
with a dorsal and lateral series of broad black spots almost forming a band.
Underneath whitish, with two lateral series of black markings, partly
confluent. Primaries rich deep brown ; costa and inner margin edged
with creamy-pink for half their length from base. A broad longitudinal
band of same colour in submedian fold, slightly forked near anal angle.
The usual subbasal and antemedian bands are absent, the latter being
represented by a slight enlargement of the submedian band and a small
spot on costa, ‘The medial and postmedial bands are present, but do not
reach costa nor extend below the longitudinal band. The W mark is
broad, and touches the postmedial band towards its centre, but does not
attain to outer margin. The portion of wing enclosed by the cream-
coloured bands shaded with black. Secondaries crimson, with broad
black irregular band extending along costa and outer margin to anal angle.
Inner margin with black dash extending from base almost to outer border.
Fringes of both wings deep brown, with a few whitish shades at anal angle
of secondaries.
June, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209
Underneath as above ; ground colour considerably lighter and bands
of primaries not so distinct.
Expanse, 37 mm.
(a). Apantesis toele, ab. ophir, n. ab.
Similar to A. ¢ow/e, but thorax and collar deep black without stripes.
This species most nearly approaches A. Wil/iamsi, from which it
may be distinguished by its larger size and more brilliant colouring of
secondaries. The fact that a form with black thorax exists would seem
to indicate that it is more than a geographical race of Wid/iams?, and for
the present we consider it as a separate species. As in all members of
this group considerable variation is present. On the primaries the medial
band may be reduced to a mere spot, the costal border wanting, and the
W mark may meet the postmedial band on costal margin. The broad
black margin of secondaries may also be considerably reduced, leaving
the irregular indentations to form a submarginal row of three or four spots.
In fact, this form, although not so common among the material before us,
is probably the original one, and the irregular broad band is‘merely formed
by the fusion of the submarginal spots among themselves and with a
narrow costal border. On those specimens with reduced border the basal
dash is also missing.
Habitat.—Provo, Ut.; Eureka, Ut. (Spalding.) Described from
6 $’s (towle) and 5 ¢’s (ab. ophir). ae
Types.—Coll. Barnes.
Euchetias gigantea, Ni. sp.
?.—Palpi, front, antenne, thorax, legs and wings brownish-gray,
primaries slightly sprinkled with lighter scales on outer fourth, well defined
inwardly, giving the appearance of a curved line across wing. Anterior
edge of collar edged with scarlet, extending downward to fourm a patch
behind the eyes. This scarlet edging is followed posteriorly by a delicate
ochreous line, which, broadening out laterally, extends on the under side
as far as the point of insertion of secondaries. Fore coxe, base of wings
underneath and abdomen above scarlet, the latter with a series of black
dorsal spots and faint traces of lateral markings. Pectus and abdomen
underneath light gray, much lighter than wings. Anal tuft yellowish-buff,
slightly tinged beneath with orange anteriorly. 3 Ls
Near base of primaries on under side is a small patch of whitish hairs.
Expanse, 47 mm.
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Habitat.—So. Arizona. (Poling.) Described from 1 92.
Type.—Coll. Barnes.
This species can easily be separated from £. eg/e, its nearest relative,
by its large size and scarlet abdomen.
Euchetias castalla, n. sp.
¢.—Palpi porrect, projecting slightly beyond front, grayish-brown,
darker towards tip, with a few reddish hairs at base. Antenne bipectinate,
shaft white on upper side, pectinations and under side of shaft blackish.
Collar edged anteriorly with red, which extends downward, forming a
small patch behind the eyes. Front, thorax, patagia and wings pure white ;
on primaries at apex of cell a very slight gray spot. Abdomen red, with
a dorsal and two lateral rows of black spots, fading towards posterior end.
Underneath, wings as above, with traces of gray along costal margin
and in cell. Pectus and abdomen white, with reddish traces at base of
wings and on fore coxe. Legs grayish-white.
Expanse, 31 mm.
?.—Very similar to ¢; black markings of abdomen much more
prominent ; anal tuft white.
Expanse, 40 mm.
This species bears a superficial resemblance to Pygarctia roseicapitis
N. & D., but lacks the spur of fore tibia, characteristic of the genus
Pygarctia. It may further be distinguished from the above speces by the
white shaft of the antenne, the lack of the characteristic red collar, and
the white anal tuft of the 9, the abdomen of which corresponds very
closely with that of Z. Bo/teri Stretch.
Several specimens show traces of gray sprinkling on primaries, and
one 2, for which we propose the name ab. griseopunctata, possesses, in
addition to this sprinkling of gray scales, a distinct irregular gray band
beyond the cell, bent outward from costal margin to vein M, and thence,
nearly parallel to outer margin, to a point about midway between anal
angle and base,
Habitat.—Santa Catalina Mts., Babaquivara Mts., Ariz.; So. Arizona.
(Poling.) Redington, Ariz. Described from 14 ¢’s and 3 9’s.
Types in coll. Barnes.
Halesidota indistincta, n. sp.
@ .—General colour dark ochreous ; palpi, front and shaft of antenne
light yellow ; thorax with some indistinct darker shades. Markings on
primaries very obscure ; three spots along costa of a light yellowish colour,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, . 211
the first two followed inwardly by a minute spot of similar colour; an
obscure spot just beyond cell, from which a faint broken brown line
proceeds to middle of inner margin ; beyond this another faint line com-
mencing at vein M, and ending above inner margin in a reniform spot,
slightly lighter than ground colour; a brown dentate submarginal line,
most prominent at apex. Secondaries hyaline, tinged with yellow at anal
angle.
Beneath hyaline ; primaries broadly suffused with dark ochreous at
apex and outer margin; costal margin of both wings yellowish, a brown
mark just beyond cell, and an incomplete submarginal row of spots of
same colour.
Expanse, 43 mm.
Habitat.—Santa Catalina Islands, Calif.
Type.—1 gd, coll. Barnes.
This species is closest to maculata, var. eureka Dyar, differing from it,
however, sufficiently in the presence of the dentate submarginal line and
other points of detail to warrant description.
Litodonta contrasta, N. sp.
¢.—Collar gray, edged with black posteriorly ; thorax and patagia
brownish-black, intermingled with gray scales. Abdomen gray, beneath
whitish , legs hairy, gray ; tarsi black. Primaries dark smoky-brown ;
basal line distinct in costal half, black, edged internally with white. T. a.
line obscure, geminate, slightly outcurved to cubital vein, thence following
vein backward for a short distance and again curving outward to inner
margin ; in costal portion filled with whitish and followed by a grayish
median shade. At extremity of cell a thin, black, S-shaped mark. T. p.
line scarcely visible as a geminate series of lunules, convex inwardly. A
small white apical patch tapering off into an obscure series of submarginal
yellowish spots. Fringes concolorous with wings, edged with black basal
line and with black dashes at extremity of veins. Secondaries white ;
slight traces of brown shading along outer margin ; fringes white.
Underneath primaries smoky, white at base and along inner margin,
darkest along costa towards apex, the dark shade containing three small
white dashes. Secondaries white, with thin edging of black along costa.
Expanse, 30 mm.
Habitat.—Babaquivera Mts., Ariz,
Type.—1 6, coll. Barnes,
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Eunotela angustiora, n. sp.
This species corresponds in venation with the genus Zunote/a (Schaus.
Rev. of Am. Notodontid) with the exception of veins M, and Cu being
from a point instead of separated. In wing shape it more nearly ap-
proaches the,genus. Xurtia (Schaus. Rev. of Not., pl. XII, fig. 7), having
the primaries narrow and pointed, with a convex costal margin. It may
be necessary to create a new genus for its reception, but for the present
we place it in the former genus.
? —Palpi porrect, brown, sprinkled with grayish scales. Front and
collar yellow-brown, bordered posteriorly by a darker shade. Patagia and
thorax gray, with a few darker hairs intermingled. Abdomen gray-brown,
underneath much lighter ; legs hairy, gray. Primaries gray, sprinkled with
darker scales. Basal line indistinct ; t. a. line represented by a blackish
shade, outwardly angled near costa, and an indistinct geminate black line
at inner margin. Beyond the black shade and occupying the position of
the reniform is a distinct geminate black lunule, convex outwardly and
extending from costa to cubital vein, most apparent in the cell, where it
contains a few reddish-brown scales. Reniform oblong, edged with black
on inner margin and preceded by whitish shade. T. p. line only repre-
sented by some darker dashes on the veins, followed by a distinct reddish-
brown slightly-waved shade, extending across wing and angled outwardly
at inner margin ; on costa this shade is preceded by a few black dashes.
A very distinct row of six round black spots occupies the terminal area in
the interspaces of the veins R, to first anal. Fringes gray, preceded by a
faint black line. Secondaries smoky, slightly darker on outer margin.
Under side of primaries smoky, darker along costa, with a small black spot
near apex ; submarginal row of spots showing through from upper side.
Secondaries whitish, shaded with darker at apex.
Expanse, 44 mm,
Habitat.—Palmerlee, Ariz., 1 °.
Type.—Coll. Barnes.
FTeterocampa ditta, n. sp.
¢.—Head and thorax blackish, slightly sprinkled with gray ; abdo-
men brown ; first segment lighter, with blackish tuft ; last segment con-
colorous with thorax ; underneath silvery-gray. Primaries almost uniform
deep black-brown, slightly darker at base, with a sprinkling of grayish
scales along middle of costa. At end of cell a narrow curved black mark.
From a point on costa close to apex a clearly-defined white streak of even
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213
width proceeds inward to vein M,, somewhat interrupted in anterior third
by blackish scales, Secondaries white, with a very narrow marginal
border of black, extending to anal angle. Fringes checkered. Under-
neath primaries whitish, strongly suffused with black along costa and at
apex. Secondaries white, with traces of darker markings along costa.
This species most nearly approaches the swdrotata group, but appears
sufficiently distinct from all specimens examined by us to warrant a new
name.
Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat.—Santa Catalina Mts., Ariz., 1 ¢.
Type.—Coll. Barnes.
fleterocampa pulverea, var. averna, 0. var,
Similar in size and markings to pu/verea, G. & R., but entirely lack-
ing the olive-green tinge peculiar to the eastern specimens of this species ;
ground colour blackish-brown shaded with lighter ; black submarginal
shades very distinct, white patch beyond cell not so prominent, shaded
with brown. Secondaries white, with a well-defined marginal border of
blackish and markings on costa, as in typical species. The smoky appear-
ance of pu/verea entirely lacking.
. Habitat.—Redington, Ariz.
Type.—r1 @, coll. Barnes.
This is probably the western race of this species, and in general
appearance is much darker than the form of the Eastern and Middle States.
(To be continued.)
A NEW STAMNODES.
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
In the Can. Env. for October, 1909, page 366, I gave a brief review
of the genus and species of Stamnodes Guen., and among the latter I
included, by error, 4/aske Hulst. How my notes were made to mislead
me I cannot explain now, but the species does not belong there, and must
be stricken from the list. In this connection I will add, however, this
description of a new species, which rightly finds its place with the group
as I separate them:
Stamnodes Reckseckeri, n. sp.—Expanse, 32 mm. Palpi short, dark
gray beneath, dull white above. Front white and silken-gray mixed.
Thorax soiled-white, with narrow central black line; patagie silken gray ;
June, 1910
214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
abdomen above soiled-white and gray, darker at tip. All wings above
a silky even fuscous-gray, with a faintly roseate flush, the primaries near
base, narrowly beneath costa, and apically, sprinkled with black atoms.
These form on costa near base a square patch, within which is a smaller
white patch, neither very definite in outline. Costa white scaled, chang-
ing to buff toward apex. No markings above. Fringes pink, cut with a
fine pencil of black hairs opposite veins. No discal dots.
Beneath, the ground colour as above. Along costa, very narrow at
base, and widening as it approaches apex, running down very narrowly
along outer margin a band of rosy, white and black scales extends. The
narrow white extradiscal line, about one-fifth from apex, crosses costa in
a straight line to vein seven, then becoming fainter, as it curves a little
outward, is lost centrally. A narrow bright chestnut band borders this
line outside from costal edge to vein seven, ending in black at vein six.
Discal spots indicated faintly as a dusky bar, nearer base than usual.
Fringes pink, darkened by black atoms. Secondaries, from base to extra-
discal line, are covered with pinkish, white and black scales, the latter
massed into an irregular blotch, which nearly fills the outer half of cell,
darkest costally, and beneath washed with chestnut. The extradiscal, a
narrow white line is more evident near inner margin and at costa, where,
starting two-thirds out, it runs outward toward centre of outer margin to
vein five, then with a rounded angle backward to vein two, thence ina
straight line across to inner margin, a little within anal angle. A shading
of black atoms running outward on veins borders this line externally from
costa to vein six, where it is heaviest, fades out and reappears at vein
three, broadening a little as it runs to inner margin. A cluster of black
scales at middle of inner margin, and another at inner border of extra-
discal line. Subterminal space and fringes evenly dusted with white,
black and chestnut-red scales, the latter predominating, giving it a ruddy
appearance, Body, legs and abdomen beneath covered with similar scales,
the latter somewhat darkened.
Type.—One ¢ from San Diego, Calif, III, 20, 1910, which I owe
to the kindness of Mr. L. E. Recksecker, whose name I have given it.
There isa ¢ in rather poor condition in the Museum of the Brooklyn
Institute, from Monterey Co., Calif., which I have made a co-type.
This species is near to de/icatum Gross., but is larger, and beneath
presents quite a different pattern, lacking also the reddish hue of that
species,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215
NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.
BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C.
PaPER XI.—(GENERA OF PAMPHILIINE AND NEw SPECIES).
PAMPHILIIN# (olim Lydina).
Linnzus in 1758 divided the genus Zenthredo into six divisions ; all
except the last, which was composed of species known in immature stages
only, are now recognized as families or subfamilies. The fifth of these
Linnean divisions of Zenthredo contained species now placed in the sub-
family Pamphiliinee. Latreille (Hist. nat. Crust. et Insect, III, p. 303,
1802) was the first to give this division of Zenthredo a name, when he
founded his genus Pamphilius on Tenthredo sylvatica Linneus—the
_ genus being monobasic.*
Fabricius (Syst. Piez., p. 43, No. 5, 1804), apparently overlooking
Latreille’s name of 1802, founded his genus Zyda@ on sixteen species,
which have been placed in various segregates of Pamphilline. Curtis
(British Entomology, 1831) fixed the type of the genus Zyda as Tenthredo
sylvatica Linnzeus, a species originally included, making the genus a
synonym of the older name Famphilius—the two genera having the same
types.
Panzer (Fauna Ins. Germ., Vol. VIII, p. 86, 1805) proposed another
name, Cepha/eta, for the same group, but the name has been restricted to
include only those species closely allied to Zenthredo signata Fabricius,
so the name still holds good.
A. Costa (Pros. Hym. Ital., III, p. 232, 1894) was the next to
propose names for the various groups of species, when he divided ZLyda
into Acantholyda and Anofplolyda on the presence or absence of a super-
apical spur on the anterior tibiz.
Rev. F. Konow in 1897 (Ann. K. K. Nathist., Hofmus, XII, pp,
1-32) considered these insects as a tribe, Lydides, and recognized five
genera and four additional subgenera. Since then his arrangement has
been followed, and with the exception of Zzo/yda Ashmead (Can. ENT.,
p. 209, 1898), no new segregates have been proposed.
*Monobasic is a term used to indicate that a genus was founded on one
species. Ina certain sense it is synonymous with the current use of monotypic,
but monotypic had best be used in a restricted sense for those genera which are
strictly monotypic, 7.e., containing only one species. Monotypic is an
unfortunate name, for all genera are necessarily monotypic, as they can Ne
only one type.
June, 1910
216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Generic Names Usep IN PAMPHILIINA.
Acantholyda A. Costa, Pros. Hym. Ital., III, p. 232, 1894.
Type: Tenthredo erythrocephala Zinneus [first species].
Anoplolyda A. Costa, Pros. Hym. Ital., III, p. 233, 1894.
Type: Lyda alternans A. Costa [first species].
Bactroceros Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. 21, 1897.
Type: Tenthredo vafer Zinneus {chosen}.
Cenolyda Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. r5, 1897.
Type: Tenthredo reticulata Zinnaeus {chosen}.
Cephaleia Panzer, Fauna Ins. Germ., VIII, p. 36, 1805.
Type: Cephaleia arvensis Panzer = (Tenthredo signata Fabricius).
Gongylocorsia Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. 19, 1897.
Type: Lyda mandibularis Zaddach [monobasic].
Itycorsia Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. 13, 1897.
Type: Tenthredo hieroglyphica Christ [chosen].
Kelidoptera Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. 20, 1897.
Type: Lyda macuiipennis Stein [monobasic].
Lyda Fabricius, Syst. Piez., p. 43, No. 5, 1804.
Type: Tenthredo sylvatica Linneus [Curtis, 1831).
Liolyda Ashmead, Can. ENT., p. 209, 1898.
Type: Lyda frontalis Westwood | designated].
Neurotoma Konow, Ann. K. K. Nathist. Hofmus., XII, p. 18, 1897.
Type: Tenthredo flaviventris Zinneus [chosen].
Pamphilius Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. and Insects, III, p. 303, 1802.
Type: Tenthredo sylvatica Linnaeus [monobasic].
GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF PAMPHILIIN®.
Claws With.@n immer. tOOER ois &.ois's cca wie 040-00 0 a v0bh 1 ee
CE CIE Fe ooo wo ee cal oc bk babies ewe aifakda honk anit aaa
1, Anterior tibia with a superapical lateral spur. . Ey ere A. Costa.
— Anterior tibie without a superapical lateral spur... .. Cephaleia Panzer,
2. Intercostal vein with only the lower branch present. . Meurofoma Konow.
— Intercostal vein with both branches present,
ROPE 5S abc's i5.c's 0s enh ein Vie ve csv» PVREIEO LE
Acantholyda A. Costa.
Postgenal area carinated ...... .+ssee+-Stycorsia Konow,
Postgenal area not curisated; i aemteitiods A. Coats = (Lyda Xonow).
~
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217
Cephaleia Panzer.
Basal nervure joining the costa either free or at the base of the cubitus,
never on the cubitus ......................C@nolyda Konow.
Basal nervure joining the cubitus free from the
costa..............+.. Cephaleia Panzer = (Liolyda Ashmead.
Leurotoma Konow.
Postgenal area carinated .. .............+.++-...-dVeurotoma Konow.
Postgenal area not carinated................... Gongylocorsia Konow.
Pamphilius Latreille.
Basal nervure joining the costa free from or at the base of the cubitus, never
joining the cubitus free from the costa...... Kelidoptera Konow.
Bazal nervure joining the cubitus free from the costa
1. First flagellar joint more than half as long again as the
second,..........Amoplolyda A. Costa = (Bactroceros Konow).
— First flagellar joint subequal with or slightly longer than the
SON eit este MACAU Oy wos dunts Gia tans PVeihag 8 Pamphilius Latreille.
Acantholyda Kincaidi Rohwer.—Itycorsia Kincaidi Rohwer, Can.
ENT., p. 91, 1910.
The placing of this species in /tycorsia was a mistake. It belongs to
Acantholyda, and is allied to margiventris (Cresson), but may be separated
from that species by the dark red tibiz and tarsi, and in having a pale
spot on the pleura.
Cephaleta Hopkinsi, n. sp.—Superficially resembles Cephaleia
fulviceps Roh., from New Jersey, but the postocellar area is nearly
*quadra‘e, not wider than the cephal-caudad length, and the legs below the
cox are rufous, not black.
Male: Length, 11.5 mm. Lateral supraclypeal areas shining,
impunctate ; clypeus and supraclypeal area broadly rounded, not carinate;
postocellar furrow wanting; ocellar furrows nearly parallel; antennz
21-jointed, third joint nearly as long as the three. following ; middle area
of the mesonotum punctured, the sides impunctate ; hypopygidium wider
than its cephal-caudad length, pointed, apically and triangularly depressed.
Black ; head, except a large quadrate spot from antennze to occiput and
apical part of mandibles rufous; legs below coxe the colour of head.
Wings dusky hyaline ; venation black.
218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Type locality: Flagstaff, Arizona. One male swept from yellow
pine ( Pinus scropulorum) 28th May, 1904, by Dr. A. D. Hopkins.
Type: Cat. No. 13080, U. S. N. M.
Anoplolyda seva, n. n.—Bactroceros pugnax Rofk., Jour. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., XVI, No. 2, p. 103, 1908; non Pamphilina (Bactroceros) pugnax
XKnw., Ann. Nathist. Hofmus. Wien., XII, p. 24, 1897.
Pamphilius ocellatus, 0. sp.— 2. Length, 1o mm. Clypeus sub-
truncate, lateral angles rounded, carina strong but not extending to the
apex, the surface, also the front below the crest, with shallow confluent
punctures, those of the lateral supraclypeal area more separate ; crest
strongly broken by the antennal furrows ; middle fovea wanting ; ocellar
basin strongly defined, V-shaped above ; head behind the crest shining,
nearly impunctate ; labrum with a broad tooth in the middle ; antenne
about 28-jointed, third joint shorter than the scape ; mesonotum and
mesopleurz shining, nearly impunctate ; scutellum with rather close punc-
tures; abdomen shining, impunctate; second and third cubital cells
subequal in length. Black; apical half of antennz, clypeus, base of
mandibles (apices piceous), most of posterior orbits, area around ocellar
basin, postocellar spots, line from occiput to middle of inner orbit, where
it enlarges, tegulz, prosternum, spot behind, legs beyond cox, except the
posterior tibiw and tarsi, pale yellow ; abdomen beyond the first posterior
segment reddish; wings yellowish-hyaline, iridescent; venation dark
brown.
Type locality : Minnesota. Four females.
Type: Cat. No. 12785, U. S. N. M.
Pamphilius fulvifrons, n. sp.—Q. Length, 1o mm. Except as
noted, this species agrees with the above description of oce//atus ; Sculp-
ture of front finer, carina weaker, middle fovea represented by an elongate
open fovea, ocellar basin not so sharply defined, scutellum impunctate,
labrum subtruncate, third cubital cell longer than the second, flagellum
fulvous, pleural spot and lower prothorax spot wanting, hind tibie and
tarsi colour of the rest of the legs, and posterior orbits black.
Type locality : Portland, Oregon, June 13; another specimen from
Washington State.
Type: Cat. No. 12786, U. S. N. M.
— a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219
Pamphilius rubi, n. sp.—Differs from oce//atus in size; absence of
mark on pleure, less prominent ocellar basin, etc. This species was
labeled pad/imaculata, but is not that species, although it resembles it in
colour.
?.—Length, 7.75 mm. Clypeus and front sculptured as in /fe/vz-
frons; middle carina sloping abruptly at base of clypeus; crest not sharply
defined, strongly broken by antennal furrows ; ocellar basin as in
Julvifrons; vertex and orbits subopaque, with a few scattered punctures ;
postocellar area parted by a faint furrow ; third antennal joint shorter than
scape ; labrum gently rounded at the apex, the middle of apex with a
small tooth; mesonotum and mesopleure shining, with separate punctures;
scutellum with closer punctures, appendage dulled with fine incomplete
striz ; abdomen shining ; venation normal. Colour black ; apex of the
clypeus (deeper in middle), spot on lower posterior orbits, three spots on
crest, line from superior orbits to occiput, postocellar lines reduced to
spots, apical third of antennze, tegule, scutellum, legs below coxe, except
posterior tibie, pale yellow ; abdomen beyond first segment sanguinous.
Wings hyaline, iridescent, slightly dusky ; venation dark brown.
Type locality : St. John, N. B., Canada, July 24, 1899 (J. Fletcher).
Other specimens from Agricultural College, Michigan. Larva feeds on
raspberry (Rubus ).
Type: Cat. No. 12784, U.S. N. M.
Pamphilius subcavifrons, n. sp.—Separated from its nearest known
ally, cruvifrons (Cresson), by the opaque head, circular middle fovea,
broader and larger genitalia, etc.
$.—Length, 6.75 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate,
lateral angles rounded, the surface and area between the antenne
punctato-granular, the lateral supraclypeal areas impunctate; middle fovea
small, circular ; frontal crest very strong, deeply broken by the antennal
furrows, which extend nearly to the occiput ; ocellar basin rounded below,
sharply V-shaped above ; postocellar furrow distinct; venter finely
shagreened, occiput and posterior orbits shining, with separate punctures ;
antenne about 22-jointed, third and fourth joints subequal ; mesonotum
shining, almost impunctate ; scutellum finely punctured, dulled; abdomen
impunctate ; genitalia very large, broader than long; hypopygidium
broadly, deeply impressed; venation normal. Colour black ; head below
crest, mandibles, palpi, posterior orbits a little above the top of eyes,
20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
posterior part of anterior lobe, tegul, small spot on pronotum, spot on
prosternum, oblique line on mesopleure, spot above posterior cox, legs,
except bases of cox, pale yellow ; apical margin of abdominal segments
beneath whitish-yellow, Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale brown,
Labrum with a long apical tooth.
Type locality: North America. One male Jabeled “‘ Taken on leaf
of Amelanchier saw ovipositing, 5/2, 85.”
Type: Cat. No. 12783, U. S. N. M.
Pleroneura brunneicornis Roh.—Corrected spelling for P. dbrunet-
cornis Roh,, Can. ENT., p. 39, 1910.
Pleroneura Schwarzi n. sp.—Easily known from the other black
American species by the dark legs.
?.—Length to ovipositor, 4.5 mm.; length of ovipositor, 2 mm.
Anterior margin of the clypeus triangularly, obtusely produced in the
middle ; middle fovea present, nearly circular ; antennal furrows meeting
above the anterior ocellus ; postocellar furrow present, but above the
postocellar line and shorter than it; postocellar line longer than the
ocelloccipital line ; antenne with short hairs; head finely granular,
opaque ; thorax anteriorly more roughly sculptured than the head; stigma
triangular below ; first recurrent quite free from the first transverse cubitus;
sheath sharply pointed, tapering below ; tibiz with rather stout spines.
Black, anterior tibie dark brown ; abdomen somewhat yellowish ; wings
subhyaline, vitreous ; venation very pale brown.
Type locality: Alta, Utah. One female collected June 30 by Mr. E.
A. Schwarz, who says the insect was taken when the snow was still on the
ground, and was undoubtedly swept from some coniferous tree.
Type : Cat. No. 13081, U. S. N. M.
POSTPONEMENT.
On account of the universally lamented death of His Majesty King
Edward the Seventh, the annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada,
which was to have been held from the 17th to the roth of May, has been
postponed, and will not be held till September. The exact date at which
it will be held will be announced later.
W. D. LESUEUR, Honorary Secretary, R. S. C.
Mailed June 4th, 1910.
Sy
CaN. ENT., VOL. XLII. PLATE 6.
HAEMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA.
Che Ganadiay Pntomolagist
VoL. XLII. LONDON, JULY, rgro. No. 7.
NOTE ON THE FINDING OF HASMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA
AT WINNIPEG, MANITOBA.
BY SEYMOUR HADWEN,
First Asst. Pathologist, Dominion Department of Agriculture.
In August, 1909, I was given two female ticks (taken from a steer)
which had been collected by Dr. Hobbs, of Winnipeg ; these ticks proved
to be identical with some females sent in a year previously to the
Biological Laboratory by Dr. C. D. McGillivray, also from Winnipeg. At
that time it was thought that they might prove to be Boophilus annulatus.
After examining the ticks, I had no hesitation in deciding that they
belonged to the genus Hemaphysalis, that probably the species was new
to North America and might prove to be a carrier of Red-water. As far
as I am aware only two species of Hemaphysalis have been described in
North America, i.e.: Hemaphysalis leporis palustris and H. chordeilts.
(Banks, Revision of the Ixodoidea of the U. S., 1908.)
On obtaining permission from the Veterinary Director General, I
forwarded drawings, also specimens, together with a description, to
Professor Nuttall, of Cambridge, who was kind enough to identify the
specimens, and has replied, saying the tick is a female Hemaphysalis
punctata.
According to Nuttall, A. punctata has only been recorded once
before in America, by C. L. Koch, at Para, Brazil, in 1847. (?) He
described it as H. cinnabarina.
I have no need to point out the importance of this finding, and to the
possibility of this tick transmitting Red-water (Piroplasmosis bovis) to
Canadian cattle, as it has been proved to doin England and elsewhere.
As the tick is a three-host tick, its eradication will be a most difficult
matter.
I append the description I sent to Professor Nuttall, and below it a
condensed description taken for comparison from Parasitology, Vol. I,
No. 2, June, 1903.
Hemaphysalis.—Description sent to Professor Nuttall: Female
gorged ; colour greenish-gray in fresh specimen, brown-red in alcohol.
Scutum and legs brown; capitulum broader than long; hypostome,
222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
5 rows of teeth on each side; porose areas round, widely-separated fossa
between; palpi, second segment has 11 hairs, third segment has
2 stiff bristles at internal angle ; scutum as wide as long, deep cervical
grooves, coarsely punctate ; coxe 1, 2, 3 and 4, short spines about equal
in size; coxa 1 with retrograde spine ; stigmatal plate nearly round,
Described from 4 specimens found on cattle at Winnipeg, Man.
Abbreviated description for comparison with attached from Para-
sitology, Vol. I, No. 2, June, 1908. Article by Nuttall, Cooper and
Robinson :
Hemaphysalis punctata.—Female: Colour reddish-brown (unfed),
steel-gray or slate-gray (gorged). Scutum dark reddish-brown ; capitulum,
length, 770-880 ; hypostome, 5 files of teeth sharply pointed on each
half (they state that a slight variation is found at times) ; porose areas,
large, well separated, rather wider than long ; palpi, usually 13 hairs in
number, but subject to variation; scutum, length, 1.08-1.37 mm.;
breadth, 1.05-1.31; cervical grooves. deep anterioily ;/ punctations
irregularly scattered, few in number; coxe each bear a short wide spur
at the posterior margin ; spiracle nearly circular.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.—Hemaphysalis punctata.
Fig. 1. Capitulum and scutum of female, ventral
view from mounted specimen.
Fig. 2. Capitulum and scutum of female, dorsal
view.
Fig. 3. Stigmatal plate.
Fig. 4. Coxa I.
Fig. 5. Tarsus I.
Fig. 6. Tarsus II.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA.
BY J. C. CRAWFORD, WASHINGTON, D. C,
Family ScELIONID&.
Scelio Howardt, n. sp.
Female.—Length about 45 mm. Black, the femora dusky-brownish,
the tibiz and tarsi brownish-yellow ; head and thorax coarsely rugose, the
parapsidal furrows not apparent; basal half of scape ferruginous ; pro-
podeum medially, coarsely rugose, laterally the surface covered with white
pubescence ; the whole insect with scattered, coarse and somewhat
flattened, white pubescence, that on the mesonotum slightly yellowish ;
July, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 223
propleuree rugose, mesopleure and metapleure finely rugoso-punctate ;
wings dusky, the marginal vein punctiform and with an infuscated spot ;
the stigmatal vein distinct, not longer than the infuscated spot at the
marginal vein; segments 1-5 longitudinally striate, the apical margins of
the segments smooth ; basal two-thirds of segment 3 irregularly reticulately
rugose, the longitudinal striz the stronger; segments 4 and 5 with fine
transverse striee between the longitudinal ones; segment 6 rugose ;
segment 2 strongly depressed basally ; venter longitudinally striate.
Male unknown.
Host: The eggs cf Cyrtacanthacris septemfasciata Serville.
Type locality : Zambesi River, Africa.
Type No. 13143, U.S. N. M.
Described from eight specimens from material collected in December,
1908, by Mr. C. W. Howard, after whom the species is named.
The colour of the legs varies in some specimens, the femora and
tibiz2 being reddish, without any trace of dusky suffusion.
Family EULOPHID&.
Tetrastichus periplaneta, n. sp.
Female.—Length about 2 mm. Dark green, the extreme apex of
femora, the tibiz and the tarsi testaceous ; antenne dark brown, the scape
testaceous ; antennze with one ring joint ; pedicel somewhat more than
half the length of the first joint of the funicle ; first joint of funicle slightly
longer than the second, this slightly longer than the third ; club of antennz
distinctly three-jointed, almost as long as joints 2 plus 3 of funicle ; head
and thorax closely, finely lineolate, the vertex and pronotum with a few
scattered punctures ; median groove of mesonotum very distinct ; meta-
notum and propodeum with very fine shallow thimble-like punctures ;
median and lateral carinee of propodeum very strong, the lateral ones
bifurcate posteriorly, the outer branch of the carina running to the hind
cox ; propodeal spiracles large, oval, the area immediately surrounding
them smooth ; prepectus and metapleurze with thimble-like punctures ;
lower two-thirds of mesepisternum reddish and with fine thimble-like
punctures; rest of mesepisternum and mesepimerum almost without
sculpture ; wings hyaline, the veins almost colourless ; hind coxe on outer
side rugose, Male unknown.
Host: Eggs of Periplaneta americana Linneus.
Type locality : Lourenco Marquez, Africa.
Type No. 13144, U.S. N. M.
Three specimens reared by C. W. Howard, together with numerous
specimens of Zetrastichus Hagenowii Ratzeburg.
224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
BUTTERFLY COLLECTING NEAR HOPE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BY JOHN RUSSELL, HOPE STATION (C. P. R.), B. C.
Probably nothing more disgusts the ardent entomologist than to
‘‘ wave” his net in a country where but a small variety of insects can be
found, and mostly common things at that.
Through May and June I had collected near New Westminster, and
at last, getting tired of that miserable country, with its huge stumps, thick
underbrush and lack of butterflies worth catching, decided to take a trip
into the mountains, and see what might be found there.
Three places I had in mind, the Pitt Mountains, the Fraser Canyon,
and the trail between Hope and Princeton. The last seemed most
alluring, and so was chosen,
Hope is a town on the south bank of the Fraser, about eighty miles
above New Westminster. Princeton, on the Similkameen River, is in what
is called the ‘‘ Dry Belt.” The two places are, by trail, sixty-five miles
apart, all the way being through the mountains. There are two high
points on the way, the first, which I shall call Hope Summit (or Lake
House), is two thousand feet high, and fourteen miles from Hope ; the
other, Princeton Summit (or Summit City), is about 6,000 feet high, and
forty miles from Hope. Between these two heights the trail descends
into the valley of the Skaget River.
Arriving at Hope Station on the evening of July 4th, I crossed the
river on the ferry boat (the mail-carriers’ skiff, two bits per trip), and spent
that night, because it was raining, at the hotel. Next day it rained on,
but in spite of my own somewhat discouraged feelings (for when rain once
commences on the Pacific Coast, one can never tell when it will end, a
week, a fortnight, a month perhaps) and the advice of the good people to
wait tll the downpour stopped, I shouldered my pack at midday and
began to walk.
That night was spent under the ten mile shelter, a lean-too of cedar
bark, built against the side of a tree. It rained steadily. But by the next
evening I had crossed the Hope Summit, and was at the bottom of the
Skaget Valley, about twenty-seven miles from Hope. Here it did not
rain, was only misty.
During the next day, July 7, I climbed the hardest part of the trail,
to the Princeton Summit. The way led out of thick timbers into a country
whose mountain sides had once been covered with fir and spruce, but a
fire had at some time swept through there, and the bare trunks lay or
July, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225
stood on every side. A new growth of these soft woods was very slowly
taking the place of the dead, and meanwhile a great deal of low alder,
willow and maple has grown up.
Mountain flowers in quantities, and generally of very bright colours,
were everywhere, and when at about noon the sun shone out, butterflies,
especially the blues, swarmed all around. On this up-climb I took my
first specimens of reba Vidlert, and on a sandy flat a few miles below
the big summit a Saturniid moth, Pseadohazis Nuttalli Strecker, was
quite plentiful, as also a large dull green tiger beetle.
From this flat to the summit is the hardest part of the climb, as the
trail rises in curves and zigzags innumerable. I soon became very warm
indeed, but a tremendous thunder and hail storm soon wet me to the skin.
It was unpleasantly cool. I caught no more butterflies after that, but
hastened on to the summit shack, where I was able to make a fire and
dry off.
The weather was fine there, so I camped for a day or two, and had
very good luck among the butterflies. A species of Melit@a, which
seems to answer only to Zay/ori Edw., as figured in Holland’s Book, was
plentiful.
From here the trail goes down by the side of Whipaw Creek to
Princeton, about twenty-five miles. This took me, collecting many things
by the way, a day and a half.
At the Princeton Summit the timber, what there is of it alive, is fir,
but after you have descended a few miles, you enter a long stretch of small
pines, growing closely together. Gradually this changes, till, in a few
miles more, one is in the dry country, where the red-trunked pines stand
far apart, and the green grass grows between, all decked with yellow and
blue flowers. The trees and grass and flowers and the sky all combined
to make very pleasing landscapes.
Collecting was good all the way, a moth, Syneda hudsonica G. & R.,
being common, and easily taken, as it flies in the sunlight.
At Princeton, where I camped by the side of the clear rushing
_ Tulameen, quantities of butterflies and beetles were to be found. Almost
every stone or log or piece of bark would have a beetle under it (some of
them very large specimens), and the flowers were haunted by members
of the same order. The hills rise from the river in a series of steps, or
benches, the lowest of which usually has a dense growth of willows,
cottonwood, etc.
226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Collecting at Princeton being so good, I was tempted to tramp down
the Similkameen to the Okanagan, but was already so far from home that
that idea was given up, to be realized later, | hope. After buying a new
supply of rice, bacon, hardtack and coffee, I took the back trail, Princeton
to Hope, going slowly and collecting by the wayside. The Lycenide
were plentiful everywhere, and £rebia Vidleri was rather common for
about ten miles east of the Princeton Summit.
At the Summit two or three days were spent, and as I had no tent I
slept in the shack, which had been built by a couple of trappers. It was
a smail log affair, with a sod roof, and a door large enough to crawl
through ; in one corner was a suspicious-looking bed, on which I slept
not ; in the opposite corner was a rough fireplace. It was better than no
shelter at all, however, for at such high points the nights are very cold,
and even then in July one’s dish-cloth would be found frozen stiff in the
morning.
A day or so was spent at the sandy flat below the summit, as also at
Cayuse Flat, in the bottom of the Skaget Valley, in which latter spot many
Geometride were taken.
My grub was almost gone then, so I made a day’s journey to Hope,
From there I came down the south bank of the Fraser to Mt. Cheam, which
it was my intention to climb, but on account of wet weather I kept on to
Chilliwack, from which place the steamer was taken to Westminster.
The following is a list of species taken during the trip, and if exception
may be made to any of the kinds named (especially among the Lycenide),
my only excuse is that I was unable to send them to Victoria or Ottawa to
be identified, and so had to do it myself, using Holland’s Book for that
purpose :
Parnassius clodius Manatries.—Quite common in the Fraser Valley.
Papilio zolicaon Boisd.—Cayuse Flat, on the Princeton trail.
Synchloe sara Boisd.—Princeton trail, on a flat about 38 miles from
Hope, July 17.
S. Realsirtii idw.—At the same spot as Synchloe sara, July 18.
Eurymus interior Scud.— Princeton trail, July 14.
Argynnis aphrodite Fabr.—If aphrodite is found in the far west, this
must have been it, as it seemed identical with the eastern species,
July rt.
Brenthis epithore Boisd.—This butterfly is very common on the
coast, and even on the higher summits was abundant,
a
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227
Lemonias Taylori Edw.—A strong, swift flier, but as it lit often on
the ground and on flowers, it was easily taken. Very common at the
Princeton Summit, appearing whenever the sun shone out.
L. Whitneyii Behr.—Princeton, July rz.
L. Hoffmani Behr.—Princeton, July r2.
Phyciodes pratensis Behr.—Very common everywhere along the trail.
Basilarchia Lorquinii Boisd.— Very common everywhere.
Cercyonis charon Edw.—Quite common at Princeton.
Erebia Vidleri Elwes.—On each side of the Princeton Summit, but
especially abundant towards Princeton, for about ten miles, wherever were
any kind of open grassy spots. It is a weak flier, and often settles on the
grass or leaves, and so is-easily captured.
Coenonympha elko Edw.—Princeton, but not common, July 12, 13, 14.
(Eneis gigas Butl.—Skaget Valley, two specimens, July 20. I am
not sure of this species, but my specimens only answered to that species
as figured in Holland’s Book.
Epidemia mariposa Reak.—Skaget Valley, July 20.
E. helloides Boisd.—Common everywhere.
Cupido lycea Edw —High summit to Princeton.
C. fulla Edw.—Princeton to Cedar Flat. Very common.
C. sepiolus Boisd.—Skaget Valley, Princeton.
Nomiades antiacis Boisd.—Skaget Valley, Princeton Summit.
Phzedrotes sagittigera Feld.—Princeton, July 12. Two specimens.
Agriades podarce Feld.—Skaget Valley, Princeton Summit.
A. rustica Edw.—Skaget Vailey, Princeton Summit. Rare.
Rusticus enoptes Boisd.—Princeton, July 12-14.
R. glaucon Edw.—Princeton.
R. Melissa Edw.—Skaget Valley, Princeton Summit.
R. Scudderi. Edw.— Princeton.
R. acmon D. & H.—Princeton.
Everes amyntula Boisd.—Princeton Summit, July 16.
The Saturniid moth, Psexdohazis Nuttal/i Streak., was common at
one point on the trail. It flies only in the hottest sunshine, and is so
strong and swift on the wing that it is very hard to catch. The moths
were just emerging from the chrysalids when I was there, and I found
several still moist imagoes, and a number of empty pupa-shells.
228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS IN QUEBEC.
The Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the
Province of Quebec for the year 1908-09 states that in 1893 the Govern-
ment of the Province purchased the collection made by the late Abbé
Provancher. This collection is fairly large, and contains in Coleoptera
alone 1,903 species, represented by 2,627 specimens. ‘The great value of
the collection, however, is the fact that it contains nearly all the type
specimens on which the Abbé based his descriptions of hundreds of new
species in different orders, especially in the Hymenoptera. The collection
remains in the three cabinets in which he had himself arranged it, and has
not been disturbed in any way. It is therefore available for inspection by
students at any time, and may be seen by application in the Museum of
the Department.
Another collection of great interest is that made by the Rev. Dr.
Fyles during a long serics of years that he spent in the neighbourhood of
Quebec and in the Eastern Townships. It consists very largely of Lepi-
doptera. The specimens are said to be well mounted and in perfect
order. There are amongst them some few types of species that he
described.
Among the curiosities of the Museum is an immense Tiger-beetle,
two and one-half feet long and one and one-half feet high. It is a
reproduction in shape and colour of Cictndela purpurea, and was made
by a wood-carver in Quebec in 1876, and exhibited at the Colonial and
Indian Exhibition held in London that year.
It is satisfactory to know that the collections in Quebec are a
carefully looked after by the Abbé Huard, who is an enthusiastic
entomologist. Cy as.
NOTE ON CHIONOBAS GIGAS BUTLER.
BY E. P, VENABLES.
Mr. Cockle’s note on the occurrence of Chionobas gigas at Kaslo at
an altitude of 1,800 feet, is of interest. I also have taken the species in
1908 in the Okanagan Valley, twelve miles east of Vernon, altitude 1,000
feet, in open meadow land near water. On this occasion I saw two or
three more individuals at the same spot, but failed to capture them.
I also observed the species on the mountain side above the valley
in 1909—“‘a single individual.” It is evident from these observations
that the range of this speeies is not confined to the high altitudes alone.
—————
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bo
eS
INCIDENTAL CAPTURES OF COLEOPTERA AT PLANO,
TEXAS.
BY E. S. TUCKER,
Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Dept. Agric.
The following list gives the determinations and records of beetles
which, together with insects in other orders, were personally collected
during the time I was stationed at Plano, Collin County, Texas, lasting
from the first week in May to the end of December, 1907. For the sake
of convenience, the arrangement follows the “List of Coleoptera,” by
Samuel Henshaw, but includes recent changes in nomenclature, and
especially the revised family names as adopted by the European authort-
ties, L. V. Heyden, E. Reitter and J. Weise, in “Catalogue Coleopterorum
Europe.”
The asterisk (*) when used after a specific name indicates determina-
tion or verification by Mr, E. A. Schwarz, whose helpful services, through
the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard, are hereby gratefully acknowledged.
SUMMARY OF FAMILIES AND SPECIES, INCLUDING VARIETIES :
GiemuUelid cies 541s Sees ahs 2 Bostryehidiea sistas 2a gine sy A
AG aie eek cease eve Pe essen 2 29 enc bile & crs ay ie as is - ae
PD VGISCLO vrs Seiten erate ere ek 2 Seana asides sas acs om oso woe
ELydropliliGes: jis. 45. easy se A Ceramb yore nin. Mew oe sie ae 8
IPSGlAD Hid zee tscs-c meuesensto chee I hrysomeliaee. ij as oe ee
SEA MLV MIG Ge oc att tapers 9 saree 5 Ba PLES tains Se ao. 3
Phalacride ....... 4 Tenebrionide ....... 7
Oiercles fei) | 16 (cave gen a ° Cistelidee 500 heen, ae I
TrOylidee ee. 25 aces < 2 LEVIES e Chay Bay eee pay See REMC:
Cucujide .. ; 4 Melandryide .. I
Mycetophagide .. I (Edemeride ... I
PR SRMIESLI Ce 2). lee Wate see ig Mordellide... 6
Ili ilka Vib G t= ei a RNa 3 Athicidee. f ogners « 3
AirLGiGlsee oo ttecn tac ea ce os I Meloide . 5
SEEOR OSI EE pce ace us scares I Otiorhynchide I
Dryopide .... I Curculionide ... 16
Elateride . 4 Calandride ... 4
Buprestidwe si Gata 4 Pps: sel ws tos Se I
Cantharidze..... 4 Anthribides.. ose. <8 I
Gi Vtg (ol = a I
Totals: 39 families, 178 species.
July, 1910
230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Family CicinDELIDa.
Tetracha Carolina L.—July and August, all at night, taken at trap light.
Cicindela punctulata Fab.—July and September, all at night, taken at
trap light.
Family Carapipa.—
Pasimachus Californicus Chd.—July, August and September.
Scarites subterraneus Fab., var. texanus Chaud.*—July and August.
Clivina Texana Lec.*—August, at night, ta kenat trap light.
bipustulata Fab.—May, July.
Tachys tripunctatus Say.*—July.
Pterostichus Sayi Brulle.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Evarthrus gravidus Hald. —June.
sodalis Lec.—May, July, September, October and November.
Lebia pulchella Dej.*—May, at dusk, in oat field.
analis Dej.—May, at dusk, in oat field.
Loxopeza (Lebia) grandis Htz.—July and August, at night, taken at
trap light.
Calleida decora Fab.—July, in oat field ; July and August, at night, taken
at trap light.
Helluomorpha Texana Lec.—July.
Brachynus sp.-—July, at night, taken at trap light ; August.
Agonoderus pallipes Fab.—July and August, at night, taken at trap light.
testaceus Dej.*—May, at dusk, in oat field.
micros Lec.*—May, at dusk, in oat field; July, August,
September, at night, taken at trap light.
Discoderus parallelus Hald.*—July, November.
Stenomorphus rufipes Lec.— October, in oat field ; November.
Harpalus caliginosus Fab.—July.
Pennsylvanicus DcG.—July to September, at night, taken at
trap light ; October, in oat field.
gravis Lec.—August and September, at night, taken at trap light.
Anisodactylus opaculus Lec.—July, at night, taken at trap light.
Family Dyriscip™.
Laccophilus fasciatus Aubé.*—July, at night, taken at trap light.
Copelatus chevrolatii Aubé. —Angust, at night, taken at trap light.
Family HypropuiLipé.
Tropisternus nimbatus Say.—October, at night, taken at trap light.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231
Berosus subsignatus Lec.—July to September, at night, taken at trap light,
and a single specimen at random in August.
Philhydrus ochraceus Mels.*—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Phenonotum extriatum Say.*—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Family PsELAPHIDA.
Atinus monilicornis Brend.*—August, at night, taken at trap light. Mr.
Schwarz added remark: “It is a rare species and strictly
myrmecophilous.”
Family STAPHYLINIDA.
Trichiusa robustula Casey, det. Casey.—May, at dusk, in oat field.
Atheta sp., undescribed, det. Casey.— November.
Philonthus hepaticus Er.*—May, August, at night, taken at trap light.
Stenus colonus Er.*—August.
Dacnochilus argularis Er.*—July.
Family PHALACRID&.
Phalacrus penicillatus Say.—June, in oat field.
politus Melsh.—September, at night, taken at trap light.
Eustilbus (Olibrus) apicalis Melsh.—May, at dusk, in oat field; June,
common in oat fields.
Acylomus ergoti (Walsh) Casey.*—May, at dusk, in oat field. Mr.
Schwarz remarked: ‘“‘The insect is the old Odbrus
ergoti, so named by Mr. B. D. Walsh many years ago, but
not described by him. It was described by Casey as
Acylomus ergoti. It is an extremely common and widely-
distributed species living in the smut fungi (ergot) that are
so common on graminaceous plants.”
Family CocciNELLID&. >
Megilla maculata DeG.—May, in oat field; June and July, invading ex-
periment cages with green bugs, -Zoxoptera graminum Rond.,
in oat fields ; August to December, bred in experiments.
Hippodamia convergens Guer.—June, invading experiment cages with
green bugs in oat fields ; July, in oat fields and at ran-
dom ; October, November, in oat field.
Coccinella oculata Fab., melanistic form of abdominalis Say.—July, in
corn field near infestation by Aphis matdis Fitch ; October,
in old corn field.
Cycloneda (Coccinella) munda Say.—October.
~
232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Psyllobora vigintimaculata Say.— August.
vigintimaculata Say, race tedata Lec.—August, November
1st, pairing on broom-weed.
Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls.— November.
Scymnus Loewii Muls.—June, invading experiment cages with green bugs ;
July, in wheat-stubble field; August, breeding in experiment
cage with green bugs and taken at random; October,
December. A troublesome enemy encountered in the breed-
ing of Zoxoptera graminum Rond., in field cages.
Mr. Schwarz refers to this beetle as a common Mexican
species, and considers it identical with Zeconter Cr. ( = cinctus
Lec.), and which has several other synonyms not yet men-
tioned in print.
partitus Casey.—August. Only one specimen taken, which
shows it to be comparatively rare besides Loew.
Family ERoryLID&.
Languria mozardi Latr.—June, in oat field ; July, in wheat-stubble field.
Megalodacne fasciata Fab.—Jvuly, sweeping at night.
Family Cucuyipe.
Silvanus Surinamensis L.—June, in flour; August, appearing in kitchen.
Cathartus cassie Reiche (gemellatus Duv.).—July, on ear sweet corn.
advena Waltl.—July, in oat field.
Lemophlceus minutus Oliv. (pusillus Schh.).*—July, in seed wheat with
Calandra orys@ L..
Family MyYCrTopHAGID®.
Typhea stercorea L. (fumata L.).—June, in oat field; July, August, at
night, taken at trap light.
Family DeRMesTID&.
Trogoderma ornatum Say.—June and July, in window of house ; July, in
corn field.
Family NiripuLip&.
Carpophilus dimidiatus Fab.*— December, on oat plant.
Conotelus stenoides Murr.—October, thick on ears and shucks of June-
planted corn.
Nitidula zigzag Say.*—July, at night, taken at trap light,
Family LaTRIDIDA.
Melanophthalma distinguenda Com.—June and July, in oat fields,
——
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233
Family TROGOSITIDA.
Temnochila ccetulea Oliv. (virescens Fab.).—July, at night, on old log.
Family Dryopip& (PARNIDA).
Stenelmis vittipennis Zimm.*—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Family ELATERIDA.
Drasterius cribratus Lec.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Glyphonyx testaceus Melsh —July, at night, taken at trap light.
Melanotus fissilis Say.—August, at night, on old log.
Scaptolenus Lecontei Sallé—October, at night, taken at trap light;
November.
Family BUPRESTID.
Dicerca obscura Fab,—October and November, sunning on iron frame of
windmill.
Buprestis rufipes Oliv.—July.
Chrysobothris femorata Fab., var. Lesueurt L. & G.*—August.
Agrilus egenus Gory.*—July.
Family CANTHARID& (LAMPYRID#).
Photinus dimissus Lec.*—July, at night, taken at trap light.
benignus Lec.—May, at dusk, in oat field; June, sweeping at
night ; July, at night, taken at trap light ; August.
Pleotomus pallens Lec.—July.
Lobetus abdominalis Lec.—August, September.
Family CLERIDA.
Hydnocera pubescens Lec.—July, in oat field.
Family BostTRYCHID&.
Endecatomus rugosus Rand.*—November.
Xylobiops basilaris Say.— August, at night, taken at trap light.
Prostephanus (Dinoderus) punctatus Say.*—August, at night, taken at
trap light.
Rhizopertha dominica Fab. (Dinoderus pusillus Fab.).*—November, bred
in meal.
Family Lycrip&.
Lyctus (Trogoxylon) parallelopipedus Melsh.—September.
Family SCARABEID.
Canthon humectus Say (cyane//us \.ec.).—May, a pair, rolling dung-
ball; July.
levis Dru.—July.
234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Pinotus (Copris) carolinus L.—August.
Phaneus triangularis Say.*—July.
igneus MacL —July, September.
Atenius cognatus Lec.*—July and August, at night, taken at trap light.
Aphodius lividus Oliv.—July and September, at night, taken at trap light.
inquinatus Hbst.—October, in window ; November, common
in green wheat and oat fields.
lutulentus Hald.*—November.
Lachnosterna lanceolata Say.—] une.
torta Lec.—July to September, at night, takent at trap light
and prevalent in foliage of elm trees.
glabricula Lec.*—July and August, at night, taken at trap
light.
Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv.*—July, at night, taken at trap light.
Phileurus valgus Fab.—May, at night, taken at trap light.
Allorhina nitida L.—July, in clusters on base of sunflowers ; August, on
willow,
Family CERAMBYCID.
Mallodon dasystomus Say.—July, at night, from old logs ; August.
Smodicum cucujiforme Say.—July, at night, taken at trap light and on
bark of tree.
Eburia quadrigeminata Say.—July, at night, on bark of tree.
_Ischnocnemis bivittatus Dup.—October and November.
Neoclytus luscus Fab.*—-November, at roots of persimmon.
Oncideres cingulata Say.—August, November, on fallen elm twig which
had been girdled. The work of this species on elm became
quite noticeable about September 20, on account of ground
beneath trees being littered with fallen girdled twigs.
Ataxia crypta Say.— October, at night, taken at trap light.
Tetraopes femoratus Lec.*—Typical form, according to Mr. Schwarz ;
November.
Family CHRYSOMELID.
Donacia proxima Kirby, *—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Anomcea laticlavia Forst.—June and July.
Exema conspersa Mann.—May, August, at night, taken at trap light.
Diachus auratus Fab,—May.
Myochrous denticollis Say.—June, in oat field ; August, at night, taken at
trap light ; November.
Nodonota tristis Oliv.*—July, in wheat-stubble field and at random.
’
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235
Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.—July, on So/anun rostratum in corn field.
Chrysomela auripennis Say.—July, in oat field ; October, November.
Plagiodera viridis Melsh.*—May.
Luperus Brunneus Cr.—May, July, at night, taken at trap light.
Diabrotica duodecimpunctata Oliv.—May, in oat fields and at random;
July, in corn fields and at random, and at night taken at trap
light ; August at random ; August and September, at night,
taken at trap light ; October.
Hypolampsis pilosa Ill.*—July.
Homopheeta equinoctialis L.—July.
(Edionychis Texana Cr.*— November.
Disonycha glabrata Fab.—July, in corn field.
abbreviata Melsh.— November.
Haltica ignita Ill.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Crepidodera atriventris Melsh.—July, in wheat-stubble field.
Epitrix parvula Fab.— June.
Mantura Floridana Cr.—November.
Chetocnema pulicaris Melsh.*--May, at dusk, in oat field; August,
October, at night, sweeping ; November.
Microrhopala vittata Fab.*—August.
Family Lariip# (BRUCHID#).
Laria (Bruchus) protracta Horn.—July, at night, taken at trap light.
bisignata Horn.—July, in wheat-stubble field.
schrankiz Horn.—July, in oat-stubble field.
Family TENEBRIONID.
Eleodes Texana Lec.*—July and August, at night, from rotting logs.
tricostata Say.*—October.
Alobates Pennsylvanica DeG.*—July and August, at night, from rotting
logs.
Opatrinus aciculatus Lec.*—August.
Tribolium ferrugineum Fab.—May, on ham in kitchen ; June, in flour ;
July, on kitchen shelves ; August, in kitchen ; November,
bred in meal.
Alphitobius diaperinus Panz.*—June, in flour.
Platydema ruficorne Sturm.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Family CIsTeLipa.
Lobopoda (Allecula) punctulata Melsh.—July, at night, on old logs.
236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Family Lacriip®.
Statira gagatina Melsh.*—May, at night, taken at trap light.
Family MELANDRYID«.
Eustrophus bicolor Say.—July and August, at night, on old logs.
Family CEpEMERID.
Oxacis cana Lec.*—June, at night, taken at trap light; July, at night,
taken at trap light.
Family MorDELLID2.
Mordella octopunctata Fab,—July.
carinata Smith.*—July.
Mordellistena guttulata Helm.*—June and July, in oat fields.
nubila Lec.*—August. ~
pustulata Melsh.*—August, at night, taken at trap light;
August at random.
unicolor Lec.*—July, in oat field ; August, at night, taken
at trap light.
Family ANTHICID.
Notoxus monodon Fab.—August.
Anthicus floralis L.*—July, at night, taken at trap light.
letus Laf.*—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Family Meoip.
Macrobasis immaculata Say.*—August, at night, taken at trap light;
October.
Epicauta sericans Lec.—July, in oat and corn fields and at random.
lemniscata Fab.—July to September, at night, taken at trap Hehe
Pennsylvanica DeG.— August, November.
Pyrota terminata Lec.—August and September, at night, taken at trap light.
Family OT!IOoRHYNCHID&.
Graphorhinus vadosus Say, det. Pierce. —November.
Family CurRcULIONID®.
Apion ellipticum Smith.—May, October.
occidentale Fall.—July, in oat-stubble field.
‘Macrops Wickhami Dietz.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
Lixus scrobicollis Boh.—July.
Smicronyx (Desmoris) constrictus Say.—August, at night, taken at trap
light.
Fas Lec.—August, at night, taken at trap light.
;
,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2a
Pnigodes setosus Lec.—November, emerged in field-cage over oat plants
and at random.
Anthonomus grandis Boh.—October, common on green cotton balls.
zeneolus Dietz.—July, in wheat-stubble field.
Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst.—June and July, larvee commonly infesting
peaches.
seniculus Lec.—July and August, at night, taken at trap
light.
Cylindrocopturus longulus Lec., det. Pierce.—June, in oat field.
Ceutorhynchus Zimmermanni Gyll.—May.
Baris transversa Say.—July, in oat field and at random.
Trichobaris Texana Lec.—August,
Balaninus Victoriensis Chttn.—October, in cotton field ; November.
Family CALANDRIDA.
Rhodobeenus tredecimpunctatus Ill.—August.
Sphenophorus sp.—Specimen lost, but probably mazd/s Chttn., which has
since been taken in the corresponding month. July.
Calandra oryzze L.—July, in seed wheat.
Cossonus corticola Say.—June.
Family Ipip#. (SCOLYTIDZ.)
Platypus compositus Say.— November.
Family ANTHRIBIDA.
Brachytarsus alternatus Say.—June, in oat field.
Dr. Puitre P. CALvert, Assistant Professor of Zoology in the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, and Mrs. Calvert, arrived in Philadelphia on May
17, from Costa Rica, after a year’s residence in that country. They were
in Cartago, their headquarters, at the time of the earthquake of May 4,
which totally destroyed that town, but escaped unhurt. A brick partition
wall fell into the room in which they were sitting, burying and destroying
the living insect larvee which were in rearing, some of the experiments
having run for eleven months. On the following day they were able to
recover from the ruins nearly all their other collections, notes, photographs,
instruments, etc., and later to bring them home in safety. Many data on
the seasonal distribution, larval forms and habits of Costa Rican Odonata
(the principal objects of their investigations) have been secured.— Science.
238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEUCOPIS.
BY W. R. THOMPSON.
; Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
This interesting littlhe Agromyzid genus does not appear to contain a
great number of species, and but four have been recorded from America
hitherto. These, together with the new form described in this paper, are
included in the following table. It will be noted that they differ mainly
in the character of the markings of the mesonotum and abdomen :
TABLE OF SPECIES.
1. Dorsum of thorax immaculate............00000. 5S sate in fakes aaa
Dorsum of thorax with two brown vitt@... 6.6.0 cece eee ee eee eee 3
2. Abdomen immaculate.. Sas ae .. simplex Loew.
. Abdomen with two isiiet mu dal a men baael viet of velvety-
black upon the second, third and fourth segments. .macu/ata, n. sp.
3. Second abdominal segment with two lateral brown spots, third and
fourth segments immaculate. Aree ee ere _nigricornis Egg.
Third and fourth abdominal sepeiits not eres PNY > ae seen
4. Two lateral spots and a basal median vittula on the pare ‘shacadied
segment, only the basal vittula on the third and fourth
segments......:. Gi pee een .. bella Loew.
Two lateral oie and a Y bai pa vittilla on ened, third and
fourth segments: . sid A ee eek sitet ols» bikes o's cOGIMRE Ens
Since the number of species in the genus is so small, and for greater
convenience, the full descriptions, compiled from the original sources, are
given below :
Leucopis nigricornis Egger.
Egger, Verh. Zool.-Bot., XII, p. 782, 1862.
¢ 9.—Lead-gray, antenne large, black, thorax bistriate, all of the
tarsi yellowish, wings whitish. Length, 1% lin.
Antenne large, black, cheeks, front and vertex ashen-gray, the front
above the antenne with an arched groove, which continues on both sides
into the facial grooves, the vertex with three long, slightly impressed lines.
Thorax, scutellum and abdomen bluish-gray, the thorax with two, not
broad, convergent vittze on the middle of the dorsum, the abdomen with
two black spots. Venter whitish-gray, somewhat shining when viewed
from anteriorly, Legs: cox and femora to the knees grayish, the knees
golden, the tibiz of the eae and second pair of legs golden, those of the
July, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239
hind legs in the middle broadly brownish, All of the tarsi golden, wings
whitish,
(Trans. from original description.)
An examination of the specimens in the U. S. N. M. collections
discloses considerable variation in the character of the thoracic vitte in
this species. They are in some specimens very strong and well marked,
at times continued to the disc of the scutellum, in others so faint as to be
discernible only after careful examination. The spots upon the second
abdominal segment also vary considerably in size.
Leucopis simplex Loew.
Loew, Cent., VIII, No. 96, 1869.
3 .—Length of body, 3 lin.; of wing, 5/6 lin. Blackish, entirely
covered with thickly-dusted whitish pollen, the antennz and palpi black,
legs blackish, base and apex of the tibie and the first four tarsal joints
yellowish.
Colour of body black, uniformly concealed by white pollen, abdomen
immaculate. Antenne and palpi black in colour. Femora black, tibiee
blackish-fuscous, in the base broadly, in the apex less broadly yellowish,
tarsi yellowish, but with the last joint only blackish-fuscous. Halteres
whitish, wings hyaline, veins fuscous.
(Trans. from original description and compared with type.)
The colour of the legs in the specimens in the U. S. N. M. collections
appears to vary somewhat, as some of the specimens have the base and
apex only, and others the greater part of the femora yellowish. Many of
the specimens, which otherwise agree with Loew’s description, have the
wings whitish dusted. One specimen which I found in the series, from
Flagstaff, Arizona (H. S. Barber coll.), has the thorax immaculate, but
there are two small black spots on the second abdominal segment ; another
from Sea Isle City, N. J., has the thorax immaculate, the abdomen with the
characteristic markings of Z. de//a, the second abdominal segment bearing
two lateral blackish spots, and a basal median vittula, the third and fourth
with the basal median vittula only.
Leucopis bella Loew.
Loew, Cent. VI, No. 99 (1865).
? .—Length of body, 11/12 tor line ; of wing, 11/12line. Whitish,
thorax with two fuscous vittze, first abdominal segment, except the margins,
black, following segments each with a single minute median basal black
spot, the second segment also bearing a black spot on each side.
240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Whitish, opaque, frontal vitta concolorous, on both sides margined
with blackish. Antennz black, whitish pollinose. Palpi black, proboscis
yellowish. Dorsum of the thorax adorned with two uninterrupted vitte,
which slightly converge toward the posterior margin. Abdomen shining
white, the first segment, except the margins, black, opaque. Second,
third and fourth segments each with a single basal median vittula, the
second also bearing a round black spot on each side. Legs black, whitish
pollinose, knees and tarsi yellowish, the extreme apex of the latter a little
darker. Wings milky, veins dilutely subfuscous.
(Trans. from original description, and compared with type.)
The specimens referred to this species in the U. S. N. M. collections
do not show a great deal of variation in the character of the thoracic vitte
unless the specimen mentioned in the note under /. simplex be an
immature individual of this species. The abdominal spots vary somewhat
in size.
Leucopis bellula Will.
Williston, Insect Life, Vol. I, No. 8, p. 258 (1889).
Length, 134-2 mm. Black, thickly grayish-white dusted. Front
with two gently arcuate black stripes; the narrow orbital space perceptibly
more whitish. Antenne black, the basal joints shimmering whitish,
arista short. Face in colour like the frontal orbits. _Mesonotum with two
conspicuous chocolate brown stripes, beginning on the inner side of each
humerus and gently converging to the posterior margin. In the middie of
the dorsum, before the scutellum, there are two bristles; the usual
bristles on the lateral margin and on the margin of the scutellum; none
on the front or vertex. Abdomen more whitish than the thorax, clothed
with short black hairs, first segment with the lateral margins and a
posterior band deep brown, second and third segments each with a slender,
subinterrupted stripe and a pair of rounded spots, all deep brown in
colour, the pair on the second moderately large, on the thitd smaller, and
on the fourth punctiform or minute. Legs black, with the same whitish
pruinosity, the immediate tip of femora, the base of the front and hind
tibize, the middle tibie and the tarsi, except their tip, yellow, the tibiz
elsewhere and the tip of the tarsi brown or infuscated; in some specimens
the tibi# throughout are more brown. Wings hyaline or faintly clouded ;
the auxiliary vein distinctly separated from the first longitudinal, except at
tip, the last section of the fifth vein a little shorter than the penultimate
one of the fourth.
The thoracic vitte in the majority of the specimens of this species
are dark and quite well marked, sometimes reaching to the hind margin
fe Ae
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241
of the scutellum. The wings in some specimens are quite markedly
whitish dusted.
An examination of the paratypes of this species in the U.S. N, M.
collection makes it evident that there is a slight error, due to a slip of the
pen, in the description quoted above. Instead of “first segment of the
abdomen w/// the lateral margins and a posterior band deep brown,” the
description should read, “first segment of the abdomen, except the lateral
margins and a posterior band, deep brown.”
Leucopis maculata, n. sp.
3 @.—Length, 2.5-2.75 mm. Ground colour black, thickly dusted
with bluish-white pollen. Dorsum of the thorax without brown vitte,
with three parallel, narrow, light gray vittee, running backward from the
anterior margin of the mesonotum and fading out on its posterior half.
First segment of the abdomen, except the margins, sometimes darker gray
than the rest of the abdomen, the greater part of this segment bare, the
margins and the remainder of the abdomen with short black hairs.
Second, third and fourth segments each with a basal median vittula and
two lateral spots of velvety-black. On the second segment the basal
median vittula reaches about half way to the hind margin of the segment,
tapering posteriorly. Lateral black spots small, irregularly circular, about
one-third the length of the segment in diameter. Lateral spots on the
third segment similar, the median vittula smaller, not reaching half way to
the hind margin of the segment. Lateral spots on the fourth abdominal
segment not half the size of those on the preceding segments, the median
_vittula very small, sometimes evanescent. ‘Tibie, tarsi, and the apices of
all of the femora luteous, the tarsi sometimes infuscate toward the tip.
Femora, except the tips and sometimes the narrow bases, concolorous
with the rest of the body. Face, front and cheeks thickly dusted with
whitish pollen, palpi and antenne black, the latter thinly dusted with
whitish pollen. Wings milky, uniformly whitish dusted.
Described from four specimens, three ¢’s and one ¢, bred from
LEriopeltis colorudensis, by Messrs. H. S. Smith and M. H. Swenk, at
Calvert, Nebraska, Nov. 15, 1909. Type No. 13141, U.S. N. M.
‘The larv of this species were found feeding upon the egg-mass of
the above-mentioned scale insect. They appear to be predatory in habit,
somewhat resembling Syrphid larvee in their mode of attack, like the other
species of the genus of which the habits are known.
As will be seen from the above description, this species resembles Z.
bed/uda Will. in the markings on the abdomen, but differs from it in the
242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
absence of the pair of brown vitte on the mesonotum. I have not been
able to detect the slightest trace of this in any of my specimens. I
describe this form as new with some hesitation, on account of the rather
variable nature of the specific characters in our specimens of this genus.
However, it is probable that this variation is due in part, at least, to the
immaturity of bred specimens. Those from which the above description
was taken are apparently quite well developed and the abdominal
characters are well marked. ‘They differ from the other species, moreover,
in their slightly larger size.
NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.
BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Paper XII.—(Genus Hoptocampa L.)
The genus //op/ocampa Hartig was described in 1837 (Fam. d. Blatt.
und Holzwesp., p. 276), as a subgenus of Se/endria Leach. It originally
included eight species, but has since been restricted to species which are
congeneric with Zenthredo (Allantus) drevis Klug. By different writers of
Tenthredinoidea Hop/ocampa has been treated differently, some placing it
with /Zemichroa Stephens, while others have considered it more closely allied
to Phyllotoma Fallén and LEritvcampoides Konow. It is in many ways
related to Blennocampa (and allies) on the one hand and Mematus (and
allies) on the other. Perhaps it should form a distinct tribe, separated
from the Vematids by the presence of a radial cross-vein, different shaped
head and antenne in the adult, and in having the larva 22-footed, as in
Blennocampids. From the Blennocampids the adult differs in the position
of the basal vein and the non-parallel first recurrent vein and other
characters,
Characters of Hoplocampa Uartig.
Small species; clypeus emarginate or subtruncate; malar space
wanting or present ; antenne 9g jointed, the pedecellum longer than wide ;
ocelli in a low triangle ; orbits rather narrow, the vertex rounded ; last
ventral segment of the female produced in the apical middle ; sheath of
the normal type ; hypopygidium large ; post-basitarsis much shorter than
the following joints ; claws with a small inner tooth ; mesothorax without
sutures which separate pre-plates ; basal plates well separated ; venation
similar to the figure of //oplocampa ferruginea (Fabricius), as figured on
plate XXXIII, fig. 61, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXLX, No. 1438, 1906.
July, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243
The larva have eight pairs of abdominal feet, and are known to feed
on the following plants: Prunus, Crategus, Sorbus, Lonicera, Ribes and
Amelanchier.
Hloplocampa Hartig may be separated into two subgenera on the
length of the malar space. The Nearctic species in some respects differ
from the Palearctic species, although there is a group of species in the
west which are allies of the European species.
Subgenera of Hoplocampa.
Malar space as great as or greater than the width of the mandible at base ;
eyes short, scarcely twice as long as wide ; ocelli in a low
Beane Shee setae nets chverett sarees red cancer ens Macgithvrayella Ashmead.
(Type: Macgillivrayella Oregonensis Ashmead. )
Malar space very narrow or wanting, never as great as the width of the
mandible at the base ; eyes elongate, nearly three times as long as wide ;
Ocelli Usually in-a curved line... %.) sept.’ 19,/1903, Ly ¢ 5 Septal 23, 1906,
1 @. Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 1 6. (Willing.) Also recorded
from Indian Head (Walker), and Radisson (Rehn).
ALTA.—Ponoka, 1 ¢. (Alexander.) Edmonton, July, 1904.
(Willing.) Banff, Aug. 16, tg0g. (Sanson.) Also recorded
from Macleod (Bruner, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agr., 11,
15, 1883) ; Canmore and Kananaskis (Walker), and Calgary
(Caudell?).
Be C.—“Nelson.-1.- 4 42 bf >. Victoria,;. 2.278. =( Alexander.)
Vernon, July 26, 1895, 1 ¢, 1 @. (Fletcher.) Also recorded
from Discovery Bay, Vancouver Id. (Walker), Kaslo (Caudell‘),
and Beavermouth (Rehn).
34. Hippiscus tuberculatus (Pal. de B ). :
MAN.—Aweme, June 16, 1904, 1 g; July 1, 1909, 1 ¢.
(Criddle.) Also recorded from Dufferin (Scudder ), and the
Red River (Scuddet’).
SASK.—Alameda, May 30, 1901, 1 9. Billings’ Mill, July 12,
1903, 1 ¢. Boucher, first half of July. (Courbeaux.) Regina,
Sept., 1 ¢ nymph. Tacomba, April 30, 1903, 1 g nymph.
Also two females without locality. Also recorded from
Kinistino. (Rehn.)
ALTA.—Red Deer, 11 nymphs. (Alexander.) Also recorded
from Calgary. (Scudder.*)
As compared with female specimens from Southern Ontario,
those from Saskatchewan are distinctly larger, the tegmina
measuring from 31.5 to 36.5 mm., the hind femora 1g to 21.5
mm., while in Ontario specimens the tegmina vary from 28 to
32.5 mm., and the hind femora from 18.7 to 19.5 mm. The
spots of the tegmina are better defined, the fuscous band of the
wings darker, and the disk of the latter vermilion intead of a dull
rose-red.
35. LMippiscus neglectus (Thomas).
MAN.—Aweme, July 14, 1904, 2 ?’s. (Criddle.) Also recorded
from the same locality by Rehn.
ALTA.—Macleod. (Scudder.’)
B. C.—Nelson, 1 2. (Alexander.)
206
36. Hippiscus obscurus Scudd,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
B. C.—Recorded from this Province by Scudder? and from
Vernon, as 4. Ca/ifornicus, Walker.
The specimens from Vernon exhibit two types of coloration.
In one the markings are distinct, as in /7. neg/ectus, in the other
they are obscured with brown and the tegmina are without the
yellow sutural stripe. As these specimens show no structural
differences and were all taken together, there can hardly be a
doubt that they belong-to the same species. ‘rhe distinctly-
marked individuals are scarcely separable from //. neglectus, and
I doubt very much if they are specifically, or even racially,
distinct from that species.
37. Hippiscus sapotecus Saussure.
MAN. —Aweme, July 10, 1907, 1 2. (Criddle.) Also recorded
from Mill Valley. (Walker.)
SASK.—Rudy. (Rehn.)
38. Hippiscus tigrinus Scudd.
MAN.—Aweme, June 24, 1909, t male; June 2, 3, 1904, 2
females (determined by Scudder). Also recorded from the
same locality by Fletcher.*
SASK.—Dubuc, May 30, 1907,1 ¢. Indian Head, July 22,
1903, 1 § (yellow-winged) ; April, 1905, 1 ¢ nymph. Maple
Creek, Aug. 2, 1902, 1 2 (yellow-winged). Medicine Hat,
May, 30, 1901, 1 9 (red-winged) ; May 30, 1904, 2¢’s, 2 9’s
(yellow-winged), 2 ¢’s, 1 9 (red-winged). Meota, July 8,
1906, 1 gd, 1 Y. Pincher, June 24, 1902, 1 Q (yellow-
winged). Radisson, July 20, 1907. Regina, Aug. 11, 1904,
1 2 (reg-winged). North of Swift Current, May, 1907 (col.
Dr. Charlton), 1 Q (red-winged). East of Weyburn, June 19,
1901, 1 Q (red winged).
I have included under A. f¢igrinus many specimens
which do not agree with Scudder’s description in all respects.
In fact, I find it impossible to separate 7. /atefasciatus, tigrinus
and safotecus by the characters given by Scudder. ‘The course
of the intercalary vein, the development of the tubercles of the
pronotum, the width of the fuscous band of the wings and the
extent of the maculation of the tegmina are all very variable
characters, As, however, I have seen but few authentically de-
termined specimens of these three forms, I make as yet no
ss
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297
positive statements as to their status, but I believe that time and
extensive collecting will show them all to belong to one and the
same species. :
The wings in the Saskatchewan series are either sulphur-
yellow or rose-red, no intergrades having been seen.
39. HMippiscus latefasciatus Scudd.
MAN.—Aweme, June 19, 1903, 1 9. Also recorded from this
locality by Rehn and Fletcher,’ and from the Red River by
Scudder.?
ALTA.—Calgary, May, 1907, 1 3. (Sanson.) Also recorded
from this locality by Scudder.?
40. Dissosteitra Carolina (I. ).
MAN.—Aweme. (Criddle.)
SASK.—Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 2 g’s, 2 ¢’s. Medicine Hat,
Oct..1; 1903, t 2. -cRegina, Oct..5, 1901, 5 “P:.>!( Willing.)
~B. C.—Recorded from Vernon by Walker and Vancouver Id.
by Caudell.?
The Saskatchewan specimens are of larger size than most of
those from Ontario.
41. Spharagemon collare (Scudd. ).
MAN.—Aweme, July 2, r904, 1 g. (Criddle.) July 15, 1904,
1 ?. (Willing.) Also recorded from Brandon and the vicinity
of Souris and Boissevain by Walker.
SASK.—Boucher, July, 1896. (Courbeaux.) Weyburn, 1 ¢.
Yellow Grass, 1 ¢. (Alexander.) Also recorded from
Chaplin, Moose Jaw, Morse, Parkbeg and Rush Lake by
Walker, and Regina by Caulfield.
ALTA.—Macleod, 1 g, 2 2’s.
This species varies very much in the height of the pronotum
and in coloration. The male from Aweme is nearly uniform
reddish-brown, with the tegmina indistinctly banded, the general
appearance recalling S. Bo/di. Of the two females from Macleod,
One is rusty-brown, the other col'ared and rather short-winged.
42. Spharagemon equale (Say).
SASK.—Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 1 g¢. Medicine Hat, Oct. 1,
1903, 2 ¢’s. (Willing.) 1 g,1 9. (Alexander.) Recorded
from Medicine Hat also by Caudell.*
208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ALTA.—Calgary. (Caudcll.”)
B. C.—Kamloops, 1 ?. (Alexander.)
43. Spharagemon Bolli Scudd.
MAN.—Aweme, July 27, 19¢4, 1 2, moderate sized. (Criddle.)
Also recorded from the same locality by Fletcher.*
44. Metator pardalinum (Sauss.).
SASK.— Regina, Sept. 19, 1903, 1 2 (ye'low-winged). Walsh,
Aug. 23, 1901, 1 g, t Q (yellow-winged), « g, « Q (red-
winged). (Willing-) Also recorded from near WalJeck by
Walker.
ALTA.—Macleod, 1 9 (yel'ow-winged). (Alexander.)
45. Zrachyrhachis Kiowa (Thom.).
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 24, 1904, 1 ¢. (Criddle.) Also recorded
from the vicinity of Souris and Boissevain and near Brandon
by Walker.
SASK.—Medicine Hat, 1 ¢, 1 9. Yellow Grass, 1 9.
(Alexander) Walsh, Aug. 23, rgot, 2 ¢’s, 2 3’s. (Willing.)
Also recorded from Indian Head, Moose Jaw and Morse by
Walker, and Moose Jaw by Caudell." *
ALTA. — Calgary. (Caudell.*)
46. Conosea wallula (Scudd.).
B. C.—Kamloops, 2 ¢'s, 2 }’s. (Alexander.) Also recorded
from Vernon by Scudder.
The specimens from Kamloops are distinctly smaller than
those from Vernon, but are otherwise identical.
47. Trimerotropis caruleipes Bruner.
B. C.—Recorded from Nanaimo, Duncan’s and Discovery Id.,
Vancouver Id., by Walker, and Wellington and Nanaimo by
Caudell.*
48. Zrimerotropis agrestis McNeill.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 14, 1900, 1 2; Sept. 3, 1903, 1 6, 1 9}
Sept. 15, 1907, t 2. (Criddle.) Also recorded from the same
locality by Fletcher.*
49. Trimerotropis citrina Scudd.
MAN.—Scudder (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, 265, 1876).
ALTA.—Calgary. (Caudell.*)
B. C.—Vernon. (Fletcher.’)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299
50. Zrimerotropis Brunet McNzill.
SASK.—Medicine Hat, 2 ¢’s. (Alexander.) Swift Current,
Aug. 5, 1901, 1 9; Sept, 1 g. (Willing.) Also previously
recorded from Swift Current by Walker.
51. Zrimerotropis montico/a Saussure.
SASK.—Findlater, 1 ¢. Mediciné Hat, 1 3. Weyburn, 1 2.
Yellow Grass, 29’s. (Alexander.) Pincher, July 28, 1gcr,
1°92) Swift'Current; Aug. 5; root, 1-3, 1 Oe CWilling:)
Also recorded from Gull Lake, Moose Jaw, Morse and near
Waldeck by Walker, and Radisson by Rehn.
ALTA.—Macleod, 2 ¢@’s. (Alexander.) Also recerded from
‘Calgary by Caudell.’
B C.=Vernor. (Walker.)
52. Trimerotropis latifasciata Scudd.
ALTA.—Macleod, 1 9. (Alexander.)
Mr. Caudell and the writer compared together the specimens
of ZT: latifasciata and T.: /aticincta Sauss., in the U.S. National
Museum, and found no constant distinctive characters. The
latter name must fall under the synonymy of the former.
53. Zrimerotropis vinculata Scudd.
B. Cx—Asherofts, June ts, 1905, 2.8) sy 2s june) rr: (Rev.
W. M. Roger.) Savonar, 2 ¢’s. Greenwood, 1 6. Kam-
loops, 3 ¢’s. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Revelstoke,
Vernon and Agassiz by Walker, and Victoria by Fletcher.’
Two of the Kamloops specimens are much smaller than the
others.
54. Zrimerotropis vinculata similis (Scudder).
ALTA.—Calgary. (Caudell.’)
55. Zrimerotropis longicornis Walk.
B. C.—Vernon. ( Walker.)
56. Trimerotropis sordida Walk.
SASK.—Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 1 @. (Willing.) Also recorded
from Morse, Moose Jaw and near Waldeck by Walker.
57. Lrimerotropis ? sp.
B. C —Kamloops, 1 female. (Alexander.)
This is a peculiar specimen, having the median carina of
the pronotum and the colour pattern like Spharagemon equate,
58.
59:
60.
62.
63.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
but with the small head and general proportions of a 7) imero-
tropis. It was submitted to Mr. Caudell, who expressed his
belief that it was a Zrimerotropis, but found it unlike any species
in the U. S. National Museum. It seems not impossible that it
is a hybrid between some species of Zrimerotropis and S. aguale,
which was also taken at Kamloops by Prof. Alexander.
Circotetlix verruculatus (Kirby).
MAN.—Recorded from Dufferin by Scudder,* and Winnipeg by
Scudder.'
ALTA.—Banff, Aug. 6, 12, 1909, 2 9’s; Sept. 4, 1908, 1 ¢.
(Sanson.)
B. C.—Vancouver. (Scudder, Appal., VIII, 308, 1898) Kaslo
(Caudell*).
Circotettix suffusus (Scudder).
B. C.—Cranbrook, 8 ¢’s, 3 ¢?'s. Greenwood, 1 @, 1 9.
Kamloops, 1 ¢. Kitchener, 2 ¢’s. Nelson, 4 ¢’s, 2 ?’s.
(Alexander.) Also recorded from Donald, Revelstoke, Ross-
land, Robson, Vernon, Agassiz, Discovery Id. by Walker,
Kaslo by Caudell‘, and Beavermouth and Field by Rehn.
Circotettix undulatus (Thomas).
MAN.—Aweme, Sept 1, 1907, 1 ¢. (Criddle.)
SASK.-—Cowley, July 29, 1901, 1 female. Medicine Hat, Oct.
1, 1903, 1 female. (Willing.)
B. C.—Victoria. (Fletcher'.)
. Circotettix lobatus Sauss.
B. C.—Vernon. (Walker.)
Circotettix carlinianus (Thomas).
SASK.—Maple Creek, Aug. 2, 1992, 1 female. (\Willing.) Also
recorded from Pasqua by Walker.
ALTA.—Macleod. (Bruner, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agr.,
II, 13, 1883).
B. C.—Vancouver Id. (Scudder.*)
Hadrotettix trifasciatus (Say).
SASK.—Medicine Hat, Oct. 1, 1903, « female. (Willing) Also
recorded from Wood End. (Scudder.*)
(To be continued.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301
SOME NEW WESTERN THAMNOTETTIX (HOMOPTERA).
BY E. D. BALL, EXP. STATION, LOGAN, UTAH.
(Continued from p. 268.)
Thamnotettix vespertina, 0. sp. ;
Resembling vastu/a, slightly stouter. Smaller, narrower and darker
than atridorsum. Green, with a faint smoky tip to elytra. Length, 5 mm.
Vertex slightly obtusely angulate, not quite twice wider than long,
almost as long as the pronotum Disc slightly convex, anterior margin
broadly rounding to the front. Front as wide as long, distinctly narrowing
below. Elytra broad and moderately short, appressed posteriorly.
Colour: Vertex straw-colour, with traces of smoky at the apex and
on the reflex portion of front. Face and below deep smoky, with irregu-
lar areas on clypeus, and gene paler and short arc on the front light.
The genital segments in both sexes straw-coloured. Pronotum and elytra
green, the apical cells of the latter slightly smoky.
Genitalia: Female segment two-thirds as long as its basal width,
almost semicircularly rounding from the base to the slightly roundingly
emarginate, smoky and elevated apex. Male valve very large, obtusely
triangular, plates together, half wider than long, slightly roundingly,
narrowing to the broad blunt, almost truncate apices, which scarcely equal
in length the extraordinarily broad pygofers.
Described from two females and two males from Beaumont, California,
collected by the author. ‘The dark face and narrower head, as well as
the distinct genitalia, will separate this species from a¢ridursum, while its
blunt head will separate it from the preceding species.
Thamnotettix visalia, nD. sp.
Resembling vastu/a, somewhat larger and with a slightly shorter
vertex. Green, with a trace of smoky on the apical cells. Length,
5.5 mm.
Vertex right angled, half wider than long, disc slightly convex, acutely
angled with front, the margins bluntly rounding. Front slightly wider than
in vastuda, distinctly longer than wide. Elytra moderately long.
Colour: Vertex straw-yellow, face and below pale yellow. Pronotum,
except the anterior margin, green. Scutellum greenish-yellow. Elytra
green, becoming subhyaline beyond the middle and slightly smoky at the
apex. .
Genitalia: Female segment as long as its basal width, scarcely
narrowed posteriorly, the median fourth of posterior margin almost
September, 1910 :
802 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
truncately excavated to one-half the depth of the segment and black-
marked at the base. The lateral flaps obliquely truncate from the slightly
rounding lateral angle. Male valve obtusely triangular, plates together
moderately broad, triangularly narrowing to the blunt tips.
Described from three females from Chino and one pair from Visalia,
California, collected by the author. Readily separated from the related
species by the very distinct female genitalia.
Thamnotettix atridorsum, var. vetu/a, n. var.
Size and form of atridorsum nearly. Slightly shorter and stouter.
Pale creamy-yellow above and below, eyes and a small spot on the female
segment black. Length, 4.75 mm.
Described from five females from Kelso, California, and one from
American Fork, Utah, all collected by the author. This is apparently an
adaptation to a very hot, dry condition, and may prove to be a good
species when further material is found. It would hardly be advisable to
separate it on a single sex, however.
Thamnotettix atridorsum, var. vesca, n. var.
Form and colour of atridorsum nearly, except that it is smaller and
much shorter and stouter, with the elytra scarcely covering the apex of the
abdomen, the apical cells abbreviated, broader than long. Green, with
the vertex and face pale straw-yellow. Length, 4 mm.
Described from four females and one male from Coronado Beach,
Long Beach and Redondo Beach, California, collected by the author.
These specimens were all taken along the seashore, on the short vegeta-
tion growing just above tide-water, and apparently become adapted to this
rigorous condition by reduction in size and especially in wing-length.
Thamnotettix Titusi, var. vivata, n. var.
Form and general appearance of Zitus# nearly, much smaller, shorter
and with less markings on the face. The head is slightly broader than in
Titusi, and the front is broader and fuller. The face is pale and slightly
smoky, but never dark as in that species. The elytra are darker at the
base, inclined to be bluish, and are slightly smoky at the apex, with the
veins usually distinct. In two specimens the veins are light coloured
throughout, the pronotum is light margined all around, and there is a
transverse smoky marking on the disc of the vertex. Length, 4.5 mm.
Described from eight examples from Tia Juana, Pasadena and
Riverside, California, and Reno, Nevada,all collected by the author. This
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 303
will very likely prove to be a distinct species when sufficient material is at
hand, but with the small amount of widely-scattered material available at
present it was thought best to refer it to Z?¢wsz as a variety.
Thamnotettix gloriosa, n. sp.
Form of visadia nearly, larger, longer, golden iridescent-green, with
long flaring elytra, slightly smoky tipped. Length, 6 mm.
Vertex slightly obtusely angulate, a little over half wider than long,
rounding over to the rather flat, strongly-retreating face, Front slightly
longer than in v/sa/ia, the margins curving in to the clypeus. Elytra very
long, inclined to be flaring posteriorly, giving the whole insect a long,
parallel margined appearance.
Colour: Vertex straw-yellow, inclined to be tinged with orange in the
males; face pale creamy-yellow in the female, lemon-yellow with the
gene lighter in the male, a black dot just outside the lore. Pronotum a
yellowish-green, darker on the disc. Scutellum pale yellowish-green.
Elytra yellowish-green on the clavus, corium subhyaline-yellow, with the
tawny tergum showing through, giving a golden tinge to the whole elytra,
the tip inclined to be smoky-iridescent. Below pale.
Genitalia: Female segment not quite as long as its basal width, the
lateral margins parallel, posterior margin with the median third angularly
excavated half-way to the base, the excavation slightly narrowing towards
the bottom and usually with a slight median projection, the base of the
segment below the excavation gibbous, and shining black in colour. Male
valve wide, the median half produced into a large triangle, plates rectan-
gular, together almost twice wider than long, transversely convex, their
apices curved upward and slightly produced at the suture, apical margins
thick and with a subapical row of bristles. Extending slightly below the
plates a pair of stout, black hooks are visible. Described from eight
examples from Tia Juana, California, collected by the author. Specimens
varying slightly in the genitalia of both sexes are at hand from Salinas and
Ontario, California.
Thamnotettix gemella, n. sp.
Form and general appearance of /anguida nearly, but much smaller
and lacking the black spots. A slender green species, with the margins
smoky. Length, female 5 mm.; male 4 mm.
Vertex very obtusely angled, one-fourth longer on middle than
against an eye, one-half as long as the basal width, disc convex, broadly
304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
rounding to the flat and strongly-oblique face. Front narrow at base
one-half longer than wide. Elytra moderately long, closely folded behind:
Colour; Vertex, face and scutellum creamy-yellow, a black point just
outside the lore. Pronotum and most of the claval areas green. ‘The
outer margin of claval areas and the inner half of corium smoky-brown,
the costal margin subhyaline.
Genitalia: Female segment slightly wider than long, posterior margin
concave, with the lateral angles rounding. Male valve short, bluntly
produced, plates together long, acutely triangular, half longer than their
basal width, their attenuate apices clothed with numerous long hairs.
Described from ten examples from Ontario, Pasadena and Tia Juana,
California, collected by the author. In life there is a metallic-iridescence
which heightens the striped appearance of this distinctly-marked species.
Thamnotettix generosa, Y. sp.
Size and form of geme//a nearly, the vertex more pointed. Resem-
bling g/ortosa in colour. Length, female 5 mm.; male 4 mm.
Vertex right angled, the apex acute, about half wider than long, disc
transversely convex, sloping to the slightly rounding margin of the face.
Face strongly receding, the apex of vertex and face distinctly conical.
Front narrow, wedge-shaped, the margins straight. Elytra long, appressed.
Colour: Vertex and face pale lemon-yellow, a pair of black dots
outside the lor. Pronotum yellowish-green. Elytra pale yellowish-green,
shading out to subhyaline towards the costa and apical cells. Some of
the males are inclined to be smoky-iridescent, while one female is all
pale lemon-yellow.
Genitalia: Female segment two-thirds as long as its basal width, the
posterior margin gently convex, the lateral angles broadly rounded. Male
valve obtusely angular, plates long, slender, together slightly concavely
attenuate, over half longer than their basal width.
Described from ten examples from Colfax and Visalia, California,
collected by the author.
Thamnoteltix gerula, n. sp.
Form of generosa nearly, but larger, as large as /ungu/a. Greenish-
yellow, with a black band covering all the elytra before the appendix.
Length, 6 mm.
Vertex slightly obtusely angled, the margins straight, less than one-
half wider than long, disc slightly convex. Face flat, acutely angled with
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305
the vertex, the margin bluntly rounding, the apex nearly acute. Front
wedge-shaped, less than half longer than wide. LElytra long, closely ap-
pressed behind.
Colour: Vertex and face pale lemon-yellow, a black spot outside the
lore on either side. Pronotum green, the margins pale yellow. Scutellum
pale yellow. Elytra deep brownish-black back to the apex of clavus, then
green to just before the apical cells, which are smoky-subhyaline. The
whole elytra iridescent. Legs and below pale.
Genitalia: Female segments two-thirds as long as its basal width,
gradually narrowing from the base to two-thirds its width. Posterior
margin with the median half shallowly angularly excavated and strongly
black-marked, the lateral angles rounding. Male valve short, very obtusely
triangular, plates together triangular, longer than the basal width, the
lateral margins rounding, a black line at the base on either side.
Described from eight examples from Colfax, California, and Medford,
Oregon, collected by the author. The broad black saddle in sharp con-
trast to the yellow-green renders this a strikingly distinct species.
Thamnotettix vapida, n. sp.
Size and form of infuscata nearly. |. Si> } B
OLIGOTROPES.
Ptilandrena erigenix., 1 2 3 a. 26-May 14 | Claytonia virginica
polemonii . Fal 2 3 r. 20-May 20 | Polemonium reptans
Parandrena pier monte: ey Et st 3} 1 9 13 val 20-June 5 Salix
Andrena illinoensis ............) 3} 1 3 7 | Mar. 25-May 24
a salictaria.. 4 7 11 | Mar. 31 -June 22
= nubicula. , ovat ee taal ME 6 | Aug. 13-Oct. 30 Conmecaieal
Pterandrena asteris...... eR 6] 2 1 9 | Sept. 8-Oct. 21 -
solidaginis. 9} 2 3 14 | Aug. 13-Oct. 22
:
POLYTROPES.
ndrena bipunctata.......... 15 18 33) Mar. 17-June 1 8 families
ae Tonal ee urea e 35 19 | S4! Mar. a tone 4/15 —*
“4 Roperteosii 5 2 | 7 May 4-July7 4
Andrena corni . 1 1 Junes
* mandibularis. . Py Maes i 12 ) 19 | Mar. 17-May 22. 5 “
“ Nasonii....... alae 4 14 Apr. 21-May 31 ey
Trachandrena claytoniae.. 17 17 | 36 Apr. 10-June19 8 “
hi meee 11 i 18 7 10-June 29 4
“ GARE Le iisose cae 9 7 i 16 ar 17-June 146;5 *
Chloralictus zephyrus.. 68 March-Nov.
OATHS 0a verde Fe 141 ‘ si
4 VOTO 6 ids sw dans | 217 7 <
:
’
OLIGoTROPES, |
Pseud. labrositormis ........... a, 11 | Aug. Sept. 25 | Composita
a, SEP errr ate ia. : S47 S$ Tiere ae =
“ pudbeckiae .. Wwhstesti 0 1 : 6 wright tite ee Fig
i solidaginis ............. 4| 3 7] * 11-Oct. 4 «
The facts about the flower visits of stylopized bees are about as
follows: Prosopis is essentially polytropic. The Andrenidw are partly
oligotropic and partly polytropic. Of 44 species which I have observed
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329
enough to justify an opinion, 22 are oligotropic and 22 polytropic. It is
doubtful whether a true Panurginus occurs in America. Pseudopanurgus
is composed of oligotropes of Composite. The Halictide are among the
most polytropic of bees, only being surpassed by Apis and Bombus. The
general character of the hosts does not show that it is an important matter
whether the hosts are oligotropic or not. Among the Andrenidze in
particular, it does not appear that oligotropic species are any more apt to
be infested than polytropic. There is a better basis for the proposition
that the Strepsiptera prefer bees of small size. Pierce says: ‘No rela-
tionship can be found between the parasites and the artificial subgenera
designated for Andrena by Robertson.” One would hardly expect them
to show any relation to artificial subgenera. Even if my divisions of
Andrenide could be shown to be artificial, it would not follow that there
are no natural groups into which the species fall. The fact that Pierce
can only arrange the Stylopide in the alphabetical order cf their names,
does not indicate that they are likely to conform to any natural groups.
If Pierce’s statements about the importance of observing the flower visits
of the hosts were valid, my genera would be valuable for his purpose, for
four of them, Jome/essa, Parandrena, Ptilandrena and FPterandrena, are
oligotropic. ‘The preference of Strepsiptera for particular hosts does not
appear to be of any decisive value in determining the taxonomy of the
hosts. The Xenide infest the Halictide, and then, instead of extending
to the Andrenidz, which Pierce includes in the same family, they pay
their attentions to Vespide, Eumenide and Sphecide. They even infest
the Panurgidz, which are more nearly related to Andrenide than to the
Halictide. Sty/ops seems to show a fine sense of specific distinctions,
but to be quite stupid in regard to natural groups. I think that if statis-
tics be applied to the measurements of the stylopized and non-stylopized
species, it will establish a strong general presumption that Sty/ops prefers
small species of Andrenidz without regard to their natural grouping.
While it is probable that some species of Sty/ofs limit themselves to
particular species of Andrenidz, there is a strong presumption that some
of them do not. The validity of the species can only be established by
the ability of the taxonomist to identify them without knowing the hosts
from which they come.
Pierce’s names suggest an interesting taxonomic matter which does
not seem to have been properly considered. ‘This is not the only case I
have noticed, nor the worst, but is a fairexample. To prevent endless
changes, a good many taxonomists have, with reason, decided that a name
330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
belongs to the thing to which it is assigned, and cannot be emended on
account of some error connected with its formation. The decision that
caconyms shall not be emended does not imply that the rule that names
should have a respectable Latin form is not a good one, or that authors
need not exercise any care about their construction. One who holds that
caconyms should not be emended, ought to be careful not to oppress
biological nomenclature with linguistic monstrosities. While I have tried
to avoid making caconyms, I believe that they should be emended, and
that some day they will be. Scientific minds do not have any particular
reverence for the opinions of their predecessors, particularly the dogmatic
ones, and some day the name-sharps will have little to do but emend
caconyms. ‘Take the case of Xenos-—Rossi, Kirby, Hoeven, Saunders,
Pierce ; Xenus—Rye, Cent. Dictionary, Stiles Pierce says Xenos is from
Ewos or feos. So Xenos seems to be a caconym for Xenus or Xinus.
Pierce decides that it should not be emended. When he decides that it
should be imitated it is another matter, but a rather usual and not un-
natural consequence of the rule against emendation. Saunders had
previously invented Paraxenos and Pseudoxenos. Pierce adds Hadlicto-
xenos, Leionotoxenos and Vespaxenos. He says the latter is derived from
Vespa and Xenos. Since one word is Latin, it does not seem necessary to
insist on a Greek ending for the compound. Vespexenos looks like a
caconym for Vespixenus.
One objection to caconyms is that they lead to personal reflections.
One may be very careless in his name-making and very careful in his other
biological work, but some people may not think so.
A NEW GEOMETRID GENUS AND NEW SPECIES FROM
THE EXTREME SOUTH-WEST.
BY RICHARD F, PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.
Several years ago, through the generosity of Dr. John B. Smith, I
received a box of Geometrid specimens, collected in the Arizona Desert,
near Yuma, and at Walters’ Station, Calif. It was not difficult to find
names for most of these, but the following species have given me some
trouble, since this region might well be supposed to harbour occasional
Mexican forms, Having this in mind, I have waited an opportunity to
study the Schaus collection at Washington, which did not occur until
April of this year. In it, so far as I could discover, in all too brief an
examination, there is no genus or species to represent one at least of them,
October, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 331
and I have therefore b2en compelled to erect a new genus—and to name
the species as well. The occasion seemed a fitting one to link the names
of two of our pioneers in entomology, old and intimate friends since the
science was young in this country, and friends of the writer in later years,
Edward L. Gref, of Brooklyn, and Dr. John B. Smith, of New Jersey,
under the appellation, Grefia Smithiz, n. sp.
Genus Grefia, 0. g.
Palpi long, slender, scaled ; antennz bipectinate to apex. Tongue
obs»lete. Front, thorax and abdomen narrow and smooth scaled. Legs
long, slender, with two pairs of spurs on hind tibiz, no hair pencil. Fore
wings : twelve veins, three and four widely separate, six and seven very
short-stemmed or separate, with fovea at base. Hind wings: three and
four separate, six and seven long-stemmed, eight approximates cell only
near base, where there is a small fovea.
The above characters are drawn from the male only, the female being
unknown at present. When found she will undoubtedly prove wingless,
as in Confodes Hulst, next to which genus this should be placed. It differs
as follows: vein five of fore wings normal, vein eight approximates cell
only near base, and in the absence of spines on the abdomen—present in
both sexes in Coniodes.
Type: Grefia Smithit, n. sp.—Expanse, 30 mm. Head rather
prominent. Front somewhat retreating, rounded. Antenne long, of a
dusky brown, rather loosely bipectinate to apex, not so plumose as in
Coniodes. Head, thorax and abdomen smooth-scaled, dusky brown, the
patagize ending with long hair-like scales. All wings broad, the primaries
slightly produced at apices, covered thickly with dusky-brown scales ;
with those are mingled, more or less abundantly, dingy, yellowish scales,
and over all a heavy covering of long dusky hairs, appearing as if brushed
smooth from base toward apex. Only basal and extradiscal lines are
pictured, the former frequently absent, generally as a diffuse, broad,
blackish shade, one-fourth out from base at costa, rounding sharply
outward, thence with a slight basal incline, to inner margin. Extradiscal
similar, sometimes a little blackish, especially at costa, where it starts
- one-fourth from apex, curving regularly outward to vein seven, thence
parallel with outer margin, having a slight basal trend as it nears inner
margin. This line is often only a series of blackish diffuse spots on veins.
Discal dots are diffuse black, large on primaries, very small on secondaries,
the latter being only slightly paler in colour than primaries, with a silken
332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
sheen ; hairs less abundant, placed principally along veins and beneath
cell. Fringes long, silken, same colour as primaries.
Beneath as above in colour, a shade paler and slightly glossy, the
hairs less numerous, chiefly along costal region of primaries. No markings
except the diffuse, dusky, discal dot on primaries. Body and legs of the
same colour, the fore and middle femora rather heavily clothed with black
_ Scales in front.
The type male, one of several taken in April at Walters’ Station,
Calif., is in the author’s collection. Co-types from the same locality will
be placed in the Rutgers College collection and the U. S. Nat.
Museum. A single co-type recently received from San Diego, Calif.,
taken April roth, 1910, is almost worthy of varietal distinction, This
example is smaller, only 25 mm. expanse, the wings are more rounded at
apices, so thin in texture that the label beneath can be read through them,
and the extradiscal line runs closer to discal dot.
(To be continued.)
BASILONA IMPERIAL/S DRURY.
On June 26th last, a fine male specimen of this handsome moth
was taken by Mr. W. H. G. Garrioch, at an arc light near his residence, on
Front street, Hull. He had taken a like specimen a few night previously
at the same place. Both specimens were brought to me while they were
yet alive, and I have set them up. As far as T know, these captures of
B. imperialis are the first recorded for the Province of Quebec.
Mr. Arthur Gibson has given me permission to add to this note the
following statement: “I, too, have a record of three specimens occurring
at the electric light here on the Farm, viz.: on June 22, I saw the upper
wing of a specimen lying on the grass, near an electric light ; on June
24th a male was taken at the electric light, by one of the working men on
the Farm, and brought to me for identification, and, on June 26th,
another male was captured on the Farm by another employee.”
The Central Experimental Farm is on the Ontario side of the River
Ottawa, a few miles from Hull ; and, as there is much young pine growing
on the banks of the river, it is probable that B. imperia/is has adopted
the neighborhood as one of its habitats.
Tuomas W. FYLes.
Hull, P. Q., July rth, rgto.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333
THE ORTHOPTERA OF WESTERN CANADA.
BY THE EDITOR.
(Continued from page 300.)
Subfamily Acridiine.
64. Hypochlora alba (Dodge).
MAN.—(Bruner'. )*
65. Bradynotes expleta Scudd.?
B. C.—Mount Chéam, 7,000 ft., Aug. 15. (Fletcher.)
This specimen is in bad condition, and I place it doubtfully
here. It is, however, a true Aradynotes, and the first of this
genus to be recorded from Canada.
66. Podisma nuda (Walk.),
ALTA.—Banff, 2 ¢’s, 1 @. (Sanson.) Also recorded from
Laggan by Walker.
B. C.—Sandon. (Walker.) Also recorded as P. polita Scudd.,
from the Kitchener Glacier on Mt. Kokanee by Caudell*. Mr.
Caudell has kindly sent me for study the single female upon
which this record is based, and it seems to differ in no way
from P. nuda.
This species has been hitherto known as Asemoplus nudus,
but it is generically distinct from a single female Asemop/us in
my collection, which Dr. Scudder considered was probably the
female of A. montanus (Bruner), the type of the genus.
I placed P. nuda in Asemoplus on Dr. Scudder’s authority,
but before submitting my specimens to him I had determined
the species with very little doubt as Bradynotes hispida (Bruner).
Some years later my attention was again called to the agreement
between my species and the description and figures of B. hispida
in Scudder’s Revision of Melanopli. Prof. Morse then kindly
compared co-types of P. muda in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology with the two specimens (females) of 2. Azspida there,
and found them very closely related if not identical. He also
stated that my P. nuda did not belong to Asemoplus. Mr.
Caudell, in a letter to whom I expressed ‘my belief that
“ Asemoplus nudus” was not generically distinct from /odtsma,
*Small numerals following an authority’s name refer to same numerals in the
list of references.
October, 1910
334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
replied that he was likewise of the opinion that it was a Podisma
rather than a Bradynotes.
Since the above was written I have seen the specimens of
B. Aispida in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and believe
them to be congeneric, but not conspecific with P. nuda.
67. Podisma Oregonensis (Thomas).
ALTA.—(Macleod, Scudder’.)
68. Melanoplus Kennicottii Scudder.
SASK.—Souris River. (Scudder.*) Rudy. (Rehn.)
ALTA.—Slope of Mt. Rundle, near Banff, Sept. 13, 1909, 2 4's;
July 23, 1900, 1 9. (Sanson.)
69. Melanoplus Bruneri Scudder.
Syn.— A. Alaskanus Scudd.
MAN.— Kenville, Swan River District, 1 ¢@, 1 9. (Alexander.)
SASK.— Langham, 2 ¢’s. (Alexander.) Saskatoon, July, 1906,
1 9. (Willing.) Prince Albert, June 6, 1910, 1 g. (Fletcher.)
ALTA.—Lloydminster, 5 7’s, 1 2 ; Red Deer, 3 2’s, 5 9’s;
Vermilion, 6 ¢’s, 3 9's. (Alexander.) Banff and vicinity,
July 23, 19¢9, 2 ¢’s (teneral); July 30, 31, 1908, 2 9’s;
Aug. 5, 1908, 2 9’s; Aug 14, 16, 1909,1 ¢,6 ¢ ; Sept. 2,
1909, 1 $2 ; Sept. 4, 1908, 1 ¢ ; Sept. 13, 1909, 2 @’S.
(Sanson.) Also recorded from Macleod (Scudde1’) and Banff
(Scudder’, Rehn).
B. C.—Spilmacheen. (Scudder’.)
There is some uncertainty of the correctness of the label
upon the specimen which I recorded from Vernon, and I doubt
if this boreal species occurs there.
All gradations are represented in this series, from typical
Bruneri to the Alaskanus type, in which the apical margin of the
subgenital plate is notched in the male. The same variations
appear in a series from northern Ontario, although the A/askanus
type is apparently commoner in the west. It seems to have no
racial or varietal significance.
. Specimens of the 4/askanus form were received from Lang-
ham, Vermilion and Banff. ‘Typical Bruneri were also taken at
these localities. ‘The specimens from Lloydminster are al] about
intermediate,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 835
70. Melanoplus affinis Scudder.
B.- C.—Nicola Valley, Aug. 20, 1901, 1 g. (Fletcher.) Also
previously recorded from this locality and Vernon by Walker,
and from the Province, without further data, by Scudder’.
71. Melanoplus bilituratus (Walker).
MAN.—Aweme. (Fletcher’.)
B. C —Victoria, Vancouver Id., Sicamous. (Scudder’.) Donald,
Vernon, Discovery Id., Duncans, Nanaimo and Riddell, Van-
couver Id. and Kelowna. (Walker.)
‘The occurrence of this Pacific Coast species in Manitoba
seems improbable, and I feel some doubt as to the correctness of
the determination.
72. Melanoplus atlanis Riley.
MAN.—Deloraine, June 15, tgo1, 1 3. (Fletcher.) Aweme,
Aug. 14, 1906, 1 6. (Criddle.) Winnipeg, Aug. 30, 1909, 1
¢. Willing.) Also recorded previously from Winnipeg by
Scudder’, and from near Rosebank (Walker).
SASK, —Regina, Aug. 23, 1908, 1 9. (Willing.) Also recorded
from Moose Jaw by Caudell' and Walker, and from Parkbeg
by Walker.
ALTA.—Metaskiwin, 1 9. (Alexander.) North of Olds, Sept.
He eEQos aa Ssh. On) “Walsh; Ang 23,-Le0r 2.9 ’sar-
(Willing.) Bankhead, Sept. 11, 1908, 1 ¢,1 9. Banff, Aug.
Rp kis) BOOS S* O'S; AUR. 61516519003, 1 Wa oD s.. Sept rT,
RQOS, 1 fy. Bap sept: 13, 1900, F° 2. “Purine Mt: Flats,
Sept. 3, 14, 1908, 2. 9’s; Sept. 1, 1909, 1 ¢. (Sanson.) Also
recorded from Macleod, Calgary, Banff and Laggan by
Scudde1®, and Kamanaskis and Banff by Walker.
B, G.—Cranbrook, 1° 9; Nelson, 6 ¢’s, 4 9’s;Greenwood,
2 6's; Kamloops, 6 ¢’s, 3 9%’s. (Alexander.) Kelowna,
Aug. 23, 1901, 1 6. (Fletcher.) Also recorded from Van-
couver by Scudder (Rep. U. S. Ent. Com.,11, App., 24, 1880),
Agassiz and Vernon by Walker, Kaslo by Caudell*, and
Beavermouth by Rehn.
Very great variation is seen in this series. The specimens
from Kamloops, except one female, some of those from Banff,
and a pair from Olds, are much above the average size, being as
large or nearly so, as MZ. spretis. Specimens previously recorded
*Previous references to Olds, Walsh, Leduc and Medicine Hat were placed
by error in the Saskatchewan lists,
336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
from Vernon are equally large. One very large female from
Kamloops has yellow streaks along the lateral carine like those
commonly present in AZ, Bruneri. Ina very large male from Olds
the tegmina are as long as in AM. sprefis, while in another large one
from the same locality they are of ordinary length. In the female
from Cranbrook the tegmina do not quite reach the end of the
abdomen, and the hind tibie are pale green. Green hind tibie
occur also in specimens from Banff, and in a number from
Manitoba, which bear no labels.
73. Melanoplus spretis Thomas.
MAN.—The Subpermanent Region, as defined by Riley (Rep. U.
S. Ent. Com., I, 1878), extends over the western part of this
Province as far as Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegosis. The
remainder of the Province as far east as Lake Winnipeg and
the Lake of the Woods, is included in the Temporary Region.
SASK.—South of about latitude 53° this Province may be roughly
divided into an eastern and a western half, the former belonging
to the Subpermanent, the latter to the Permanent Region.
ALTA. —Practically the whole of this Province, to a little north
of Edmonton, belongs to the Permanent Region.
B. C.—Greenwood, 1 2. (Alexander.) Also recorded from this
Province by Bruner (Rep. U. S. Ent. Com., III, 60, 1883).
I have deemed it unnecessary to give a detailed list of
localities in the case of this migratory species.
74. Melanoplus devastator conspicuus Scudder.
B. C.—Vancouver Id. (Caudell.’)
75: Melanoplus Dawsoni (Scudder).
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 15, Oct. 2, 1907, 2 ¢’s. (Criddle.) Also
recorded from the Red River (Scudder’), Portage la Prairie,
Brandon, Carberry, Bergin, and between Souris and Boissevain
(Walker),
SASK.—Yellow Grass, 1 ¢, 6 9’s. Weyburn, 2 ¢’s, 4 9’s.
Vonda, 1 g. Kuroki, 3 ¢’s, 1 9. Condee, « g, 1 2.
Langham, 3 ¢’s, 3 ?’s. Moosomin, 4 ¢’s,8 ?’s. Kam-
sack,1 ¢,4 9’s. (Alexander.) Regina, Sept. 7, 1903, 1 ¢.
(Willing.) Also recorded from the Souris River (Scudder*),
Moose Jaw (Caudell'), Chaplin and Parkbeg (Walker).
Pe
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337
ALTA.—Ponoka, 1 ?; Red Deer, 2 ¢’s; Medicine Hat*, 1 6,
1 @. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Macleod (Scudder’).
Macropterous specimens (JZ. Dawsoni completus Scudd.),
included in the above list, have been received from Aweme
(2 g’s), Yellow Grass (1 9), Moosomin (2 @’s), and Weyburn
(t 2).
76. Melanoplus Gladstoni Scudder.
Syn.— MM. compactus Scudd.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 12, 18, 1906, 3 ¢’s, 1 9; Aug. 12, 1907,
be Gs Allie 2 30,.- Loos. 2t 62s; Septs.13, 1900, 3. .9’s. Slope-of Mt.
Rundle, Sept. 13, 1909, 1 ¢. Tunnel Mt., Sept. 4, Oct. 3,
338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
1908, 2 2's. Summit of Sulphur Mt., Aug. 21, 35, 1908, 2
P’s; Aug. 23, 1909, 1 9. Mt. Inglesmaldie, 6,000 to 7,000
ft., Sept. 11, 1908, 1 2, 3 ?’s. (Sanson.) Also recorded from
Laggan (Scudder’), Banff (Walker), and Edmonton (Fletcher*).
The only record of the macropterous form is the one from
Edmonton. This form is common in northern Ontario.
80. Melanoplus femur-rubrum (De Geer).
MAN.—Winnipeg. (Scudder’®.) Portage la Prairie and tendon:
(Walker.)
SASK.—Condee, 1 ¢; Findlater, 2 ?’s; Pasqua, 1 ¢; Wey-
burn, 2 9's. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Moose Jaw
and Waldeck (Walker).
ALTA.—Ponoka, 19. (Alexander.) Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901,3 ¢’s,
2 9’s. (Willing.) Also recorded from Medicine Hat (Caudell*).
B. C.—(Bruner', Scudder®.) Vancouver Id. (Scudder®.) Agassiz.
(Walker.) Kaslo. (Caudell*.)
The specimens from the drier parts of Saskatchewan are
considerably below the medium size.
81. Melanoplus extremus (Walker).
MAN.—Aweme, June 20, 1905, 1 ¢. (Criddle.) Also recorded
from Plum Coulee (Walker) and Aweme (Fletcher*).
SASK.—Kinistino, June 23, 1905, 1 ¢, t ? (teneral). (Willing.)
ALTA.—Banff, July 22, 31, 1908, 2 ¢’s; Aug. 5, 28, 29, 1998,
4 2's, 3 ?’s. (Sanson.) Also recorded from Beaver Lake
(Fletcher*) and Banff (Scudder’).
B. C,—Field. (Rehn.)
The only macropterous individuals in the series are two
males from Banff.
82. Melanoplus monticola Bruner.
ALTA.—Mountains near Laggan. (Caudell’.)
83. Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge).
MAN.—Aweme, July 19, 1904, t ¢; July 29, 1906, 1 2;
Aug. 12, 1905, 1 dj Aug. 18, 1906, 1 J; Aug. 23, 1904, 1 ¢;
Oct. 6, 1907, 1 g. (Criddle.)
The specimen taken Aug. 18, 1906, has blue hind tibie,
the others red. The red-legged individuals, commonly known as
M. coccineipes, are certainly not distinct from the typical blue-
legged form.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339
The specimens in this series are all of small size. Two of
them are of an almost uniform pale reddish-brown colour.
84. Melanoplus Packardii Scudder.
SASK.—Regina (Caulfield), Moose Jaw (Caudell*), and Radis-
son (Rehn).
ALTA.—Medicine Hat 4 ?’s (Alexander); Oct. 1, 1903,2 ¢’s,
2 9’s (Willing). Also recorded from Calgary (Caudell*.)
B. C.—(Scudder®.) Nicola Valley. (Walker.)
85. Melanoplus fedus Scudder.
SASK.—Swift Current Creek, Aug. 5, rg01, 1 9. (Willing.)
86. Melanoplus infantilis Scudder.
MAN.—Between Souris and Boissevain, and Brandon. (Walker.)
SASK.—Kamsack,1 f. Weyburn, 4 ¢’s. Yellow Grass, 3’ ¢s.
(Alexander.) Regina, Sept. 15, rg90r1, 1 f; Sept. 23, 1906, 2
Q9’s. Also recorded from Regina (Caulfield), Moose Jaw
(Walker, Caudell’*), vicinity of Chaplin and Parkbeg, Indian
Head, and near Waldeck (Walker) and Rudy (Rehn).
ALTA.—Leduc, July 23, r901, 1 g. Walsh, Aug. 23, rgor,
4 6’s,1 9. (Willing.) Lethbridge, 1 ¢. Medicine Hat, 2
P’s. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Macleod (Scudder’),
Calgary (Caudell’).
87. Melanoplus minor (Scudder).
MAN.—Aweme, June 21, 28, 1904, 2 ¢’s. (Criddle.) Also
reported from Winnipeg by Scuddet?.
SASK.—Rudy. (Rehn.)
88. ALelanoplus bivittatus (Say).
MAN.— Bonito, Swan River District, Sept. 8, 1906, 1 9. Near
Durham, Swan River District, 3 ¢’s. (Alexander.) Also
recorded from Winnipeg and Lake Winnipeg (Scuddetr’), Lake
of the Woods (Scudder”), and near Rosebank (Walker).
SASK.—Moosomin, 1 jf. Condee, 1 9. Weyburn, 1 ¢.
(Alexander.) Regina, Aug. 12, 1901, 1 9; Aug. 12, 1904, 1
er Eble ho, ~LOOG, > bs gy oept. 7, 1903, . 1 go nymph;
‘Swift Current, Sept. 17, 1 nymph. Radisson, July 29, 1907, 1
@. (Willing.) Also recorded from Rush Lake (Walker),
Moose Jaw (Caudell*), Rudy and Radisson (Rehn),
340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ALTA.—Ponoka, 5 ¢’s, 11 9’s. Calgary, 1 @. (Alexander.)
Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 1 9. North of Olds, Sept. 13, 1902,
1 9. (Willing.) Also recorded from the Souris River
(Scudder*), Medicine Hat and Macleod (Scudder’),
B. C.—(Bruner, Rep. U. S. Ent. Com., iii, 1883.) Victoria
(Fletcher') and Vernon (Walker).
The only records of the red-legged form (/emoratus) are
from Lake Winnipeg, Calgary, Vancouver Id. and British
Columbia. Both forms are recorded from Lake Winnipeg,
Calgary and British Columbia.
89. Phetaliotes Nebrascensis (Thomas).
ALTA.—Walsh, Aug. 23, 1901, 1 9, brachypterous. Also
recorded from Medicine Hat and Macleod (Scudder*),
go. Asemoplus Montanus (Bruner).
B. C.—Nelson, 1 9. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Vernon
by Walker.
NOTONECTA UNDULATA SAY PREYING ON THE EGGS OF
BELOSTOMA (=ZAITHA AUCTT.) FLUMINEUM SAY.
BY HENRY H. P. SEVERIN AND HARRY C. SEVERIN.
A few undulating back-swimmers, oftonecta undulata, were placed as
food material in a glass-jar of water containing a male specimen of
Belostoma flumineum bearing eggs on its back. Several days later it was
observed that the only surviving JVofonecta was feeding in a righted
position on the eggs, while the Be/ostoma was clinging quietly, back up-
ward, to an object on the bottom of the jar. The back-swimmer was
disturbed several times at its meal, but after swimming about for a short
while it would again return to feed on the eggs. The interesting point of
the observation was, that during the entire process of feeding, the
Notonecta was always in a righted position.
Tue Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario will be
held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and
Friday, November 3rd and 4th.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341
NEW PARASITES OF THE GENUS MERAPORUS.
BY E. S. TUCKER,
Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agric.
In a small quantity of seed wheat obtained from the storehouse of a
grain dealer at Plano, Texas, in July, 1907, two dead bodies of a Chalcid
fly were found, together with a few specimens of the common grain weevil,
Calandra oryze L.. These parasites were found to agree closely, but still
doubtfully, with Meraporus calandre, described as a Pteromalus by Dr.
L. O. Howard in the Annual Report of the (U. S.) Commissioner of
Agriculture for 1880, p. 273. On submitting the specimens to Mr. J. C.
Crawford, at the U. S. National Museum, he reported that they belonged
to the genus A/eraporus, though the species was not ca/andre. My
parasite thus appeared to be undescribed, and it was consequently cited
as a new species by Mr. W. D. Pierce in his paper entitled, “A List of
Parasites Known to Attack American Rhyncophora” (Jr. Econ. Ent., I,
Dec , 1908, p. 384).
The species is herewith described ; type and paratype as mentioned
are deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Meraporus utibilis, n. sp.
Female : Length, 1.5 mm.; head, thorax and abdomen steely black,
clothed with extremely fine and sparse silvery pubescence, except on base
of abdomen, and minute black bristles on occiput and dorsum of thorax ;
reticulately punctured on head, confusedly so on thorax; abdomen smooth»
shining, venter strongly keel-shaped. Head transverse, wider than thorax,
front slightly depressed medially for reception of antennal scapes, below
with convergent striz at oral margin; antenne about as long as thorax,
dull reddish, pedicel and flagellum, excepting first and second ring-joints,
darkened above; ring-joints together about two-thirds the length of
pedicel, first and second ring-joints small, but combined equal to length of
third, which is slightly smaller than first funicular joint, the latter a little
longer than wide, second to fifth funicular joints quadrate ; club with
widest expansion at juncture of first and second joints, tapering to a conical
point with third joint. Oceili arranged in a curve.
Thorax a little longer than wide, parapsidal furrows indistinct ; meta-
thorax punctured as on dorsum, tricarinate, the median carina short, the
lateral ones sinuate and extending to posterior corner of the short
metathoracic neck ; lateral folds indicated by basal foveolz only, spiracles
very small, broadly oval ; spiracular sulci very deep and distinct,
October, 1910
oA2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Tegule fulvous ; wing-veins yellow, ciliate, stigmal vein scarcely two-
thirds the length of marginal or postmarginal ; legs yellow, excepting coxe
and last tarsal joint outwardly, which are black, the femora, tibia and
tarsi about equal in length for each pair, the fore legs short in proportion
with others,
Dissection of the mandibles of the paratype has shown each one to
have four denticles, colour ferruginous with front edges darker.
Before attempting the above description, efforts were made to obtain
a series of specimens representing both sexes, but all the other specimens
obtained failed to agree with my first species. The additional specimens
were not secured until the season of 1909, when a quantity of cracked
corn and oats infested primarily by Ca/andra orys@ was obtained July 26,
from the same grain house at Plano, Texas, where my first examples had
been taken. This mixed grain had been gathered from scatterings on the
floor, under the shelling ‘and cleaning machinery, where it had lain for
probably a month before being sacked and set aside for sale as chicken
feed. The infested grain was placed in breeding crocks at Dallas, Texas,
and adult parasites appeared within four days, further emergences occurring
August 6, 7 and g, September 11, October 16 and 18, November 23,
December 16, and again on April 5, 1910, and at various times since.
Although I had collected weevily grain from other sources in the hope of
rearing this or the first species, only one female had been thus secured,
and this specimen matured October 3, 1908, from an ear of corn infested
by Calandra oryse, which had been collected by myself ten days
previously in a field near Shreveport, La. The species agreed with those
of my second collection from Plano, Texas, and the record is important
for proof of the occurrence of the parasite in fields where the host abounds,
though, as might be expected, stored grain when infested by weevils
naturally becomes a place of concentiation of the enemy as with the host.
At the time my specimens were being studied, still other examples,
comprising five females and one male reared from rice primarily infested
by Calandra orysa, which material was obtained by Mr. D. L. Van Dine
ina rice mill at Welsh, La., August 2, 1909, were discovered to be
identically the same parasite. The species is consequently named in
honour of Mr. D. L. Van Dine, who furthermore submitted still other
identical specimens which he had collected in similarly infested rice, and
also on windows in rice mills at El Campo, Texas, June 22, and at Lake
Arthur, La., July 29. His records add materially to a knowledge of the
importance of the parasite and its distribution, These specimens are
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343
included under the designation of paratypes for the following description,
which is based on an examination of 40 females and 5 males. ‘Types are
deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Meraporus Vandinei, n. sp.
Female : Head and thorax dark greenish, clothed with thin and fine
silvery pubescence, a thick linear patch on each side of the metathorax ;
abdomen smooth, shining greenish, thinly pubescent on apical segments,
venter deeply keeled; head transverse, somewhat wider than thorax, finely
reticulated rather than punctured on occiput, front and cheeks, with con-
vergent striz at oral margin of middle face; front above insertion of
antenne hollowed for reception of scapes ; mouth-parts ferruginous, each
mandible with four denticles ; antennz about as long as thorax, scape dull
reddish ; flagellum dull reddish beneath, daiker above, with fine silvery
pubescence ; pedicel about twice the length of the three ring-joints
together, but scarcely longer than the first funicle-joint, which appears
distinctly longer than wide; second and third funicle-joints slightly longer
than wide, fourth and fifth quadrate ; club expanded at junction of first
and second joints, the third forming a small conical tip. Anterior ocellus
situated but little in advance of a median point between the posterior
ones.
Thorax with fine shallow thimble-pitted punctures, contiguous and
distinctly larger than on head; length of thorax scarcely exceeds the width,
parapsidal furrows very faint only on anterior half of mesonotum.
Metathorax very finely punctured, with a median longitudinal carina ;
metathoracic neck very short, smooth ; lateral folds indicated by basal
foveole only, spiracles very small, broadly oval; spiracular sulci very
deep and distinct.
Tegule fulvous ; wing-veins yellow, ciliate, stigmal vein shorter than
marginal or postmarginal by about one-fourth the length. Legs yellow,
excepting the cox, femora in greater part between the base and apex, and
jast tarsal joint outwardly, which are dark brown or fuliginous. Tibiz of
middle and posterior legs little longer than femora or tarsi, which are
about equal in length, but no noticeable difference in these respects with
fore legs. Comparatively the fore legs are shorter than the others.
Type: Plano, Texas, July 26, t9g09 ; emerged September 11.
Male: Antenne with larger microscopical pits than with female ; the
first and second ring joints very small and compressed, the third appears
as the first joint of funicle, but is smaller and shorter than the true
funicular joints. Abdomen hardly as long, or at most not longer than
S44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
thorax, almost flattened above, not deeply keeled ventrally, widest near
apex, and with a dorsal fulvous area near base expanding to the lateral
edges ; otherwise agreeing with females.
Type: Plano, Texas, July 26, 1909 ; emerged August 6.
Paratypes show some variations of colour; the greenish tinge of
head and thorax being stronger in some examples than others, and the
flagellum is sometimes nearly or wholly black.
Length of female type and paratypes ranges from 1.25 to 2 mm.;
male type and paratypes from 1 mm. to 1.5 mm.
A single specimen reared with Vandinei from same material collected
by Mr. D. L. Van Dine at Welsh, La, August 2, 1909, represented another
species, which is described as follows :
Meraporus requisitus, 0. sp.
Male: Length, 1.25 mm.; resembling Vandinei and similarly punc-
tured, but distinguished by blacker colour of body, and paler legs,
including fore cox, the femora only dull brown ; no metathoracic carina,
nor fulvous area on base of abdomen ; first and second funicle-joints little
longer than wide, third to fifth subquadrate ; left mandible with three
denticles, but four on the right.
The genus Meraporus, as established by Francis Walker (Mono-
graphia Chalciditum, Ent. Mag., v. 2, 1834, p. 298), was accorded 12
antennal joints, but in Ashmead’s classification, it is considered as having
13 joints of the antenne. Walker very likely failed to distinguish more
than two ring-joints. In fact, the entire three ring-joints, particularly of
male examples, are difficult objects for clear definition even under a
binocular with high power magnification.
Three previously described species of Meraporus have been recog-
nized in the United States: ca/andre How., has an asymmetrical
denticulation, the right mandible with four denticles, and the left with three;
bruchivorus Ashm., is readily known by the smooth lower face and cheeks,
besides larger size; and dudius Ashm., although characterized by a
tricarinate metanotum, is said to have strongly curved lateral folds, and
subcosta nearly three times as long as the marginal vein.
The very helpful assistance of Mr. J. C. Crawford in the study of my
specimens is gratefully acknowledged.
Economic LireERATURE CONSULTED,
1. Ashmead, W. H.—Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera bred
by Prof. F. M. Webster. (Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull, Tech. Ser.,
v. 1, No. 3, April, 1893, p. 161.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345
Descriptions of eraporus bruchivorus, reared from Laria
(Lruchus) sp. in Kansas, and Zaria (Bruchus) exiguus, in Iowa.
. Chittenden, F. H.—A foreign parasite of the grain weevils. (U. S.
Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 8, n. s., 1897, pp. 43-45.)
Refers to Preromalus calandre How.
. Cotes, E. C.—A conspectus of the insects which affect crops in India.
(Ind. Mus. Notes, v. 2, No. 6, 1893, p. 155.)
“ Pteromalus oryze Cameron.—A minute coppery-green
coloured insect, believed to be parasitic upon the wheat and rice
weevil (Calandra oryz@).”
. Doten, S. B.—Department of Entomology. (Nev. Agr. Exp. Sta.,
Bull. 66 [ An. Rept. for year ending June 30, 1908], Dec., 1908, p. 36.)
Reports Weraporus? sp. reared from larvee of the codling moth.
. Fernald, C. H.—Report on insects. (Hatch Exp. Sta. Mass. Agr.
Coll., Bull. 19, May, 1892, p. 116.)
Mentions an undescribed species of Aleraporus bred from
pup of Gypsy moth. See correction in 7.
. Fernald, C. H.—Entomologist’s report. (Fortieth An. Rept. Mass,
St. Bd. Agr., 1892 [1893], p. 297-)
Cites Meraporus sp.? from Gypsy moth pupe. See correction
Ina.
. Fernald, C. H.—Entomologist’s report. (Forty-second An. Rept.
Mass. St. Bd. Agr., 1894 [1895], p. 261.)
Corrects the determination of species formerly cited as MZera-
porus sp ? which proved to be Diglochis omnivorus Wk.
. Howard, L. O.—See reference in text. Description and breeding
records of Meraporus ( Pteromalus) calandre.
. Pierce, W. D.—See reference in text.
. Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. O.—Special notes. (Insect Life, v. 4,
Nos, 11 and 12, Aug,, 1892, p. 354.)
In review of Bull. 19, Hatch Exp. Sta. Mass. Agr. Coll., an
undescribed species of Jeraporus is mentioned as issuing from the
pupa of the Gypsy moth. See correction in 7.
. Riley, C. V.—The insects occurring in the foreign exhibits of the
World’s Columbian Exposition. (Insect Life, v. 6, No. 3, Feb.,
1894, P. 223.)
Cites Meraporus (?) sp. in sheaf grain, ‘badly infested with
Gelechia cerealella”,; another species recorded as ‘parasite of
Bruchus 4-maculatus from Brazil” ; one other species at large.
346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
12. Smith, J. B., and Ashmead, W. H. Order Hymenoptera. Insects
of New Jersey. (Supp. 27th An. Rept. St. Bd. Agr. N. J., 1899
[1900], p. 558.)
Cites Meraporus calandre How. “Should occur in New Jersey.”
A NEW SPECIES OF JAPANESE MICRO.LEPIDOPTERA.
BY W. D. KEARFOTT, MONTCLAIR, N. J.
A pair of specimens of the species herewith described were sent to
me by Dr. John B. Smith, the latter part of May, with the statement that
they had been bred from larve found on young hemlock trees, recently
imported from Japan by a nurseryman in this State. As the species was
unknown to me and of a distinctly Oriental appearance, I sent a male to
Dr. Edward Meyrick, Marlborough, England, the authority on Eastern
Lepidoptera. Dr. Meyrick was good enough to make a prompt reply,
stating that the species was undoubtedly referable to his genus Ptochoryctis,
of which he has already described five others, all from Indian regions, and
that the nearest allied genera, Methathrinca and Linoclostis, are also only
known from India and the Malay Archipelago, hence he did not doubt
that this species is truly Japanese. Dr. Meyrick also stated that the
species nearest to it is P. simb/euta Meyr., the larve of which are brick-red,
and feed beneath a web, covered with refuse and pieces of bark, on bark
and shoots of tea-plants ( 7hea), eating right through to the cambium, and
thus killing the branch or plant. (Journal Bombay Natl. Hist. Soc.,
XVIII, 150, 1907.)
This letter was duly communicated to Dr. Smith, and he was good
enough to forward fourteen other specimens, together with notes, larve,
cocoons or cases and pupal shells, from all which the following description
was made:
The larve were taken April 5th, in cocoons or larval-cases, larve all
alive at this date, first pupa observed May 4th.
My belief is that the cocoons in which the larve pupated are larval-
cases, making the habit similar to P. simb/euta. The case is of rather
tough silk, thickly covered with pellets of dried frass, hemlock-needles
and other refuse, lightly fastened to the twigs and apparently fairly well
concealed in a cluster of needles. The cases are to-15 rom. long, by 5-6
mm. in diameter. Pupal shell remains within the case when moth emerges.
As it is quite possible that other shipments of hemlock from Japan
may be infested with this species, it might be well for State entomologists
and nurserymen to be on the lookout for its appearance. The moth is
October, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347
not unlike Cramdbus elegans, and of the general appearance of Stexoma
schlegeri and some of the whitish Z¢Amzas. If it can readily be controlled
it would be a very interesting and handsome addition to our fauna.
Family XYLORYCTID.
Genus procHoryctis Meyrick.
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 19, 1894.
‘‘Head with appressed scales, side-tufts loosely spreading; ocelli
present ; tongue developed. Antenne 34, in male bipectinated, towards
apex simple, basal joint stout, without pecten. Labial palpi long, curved,
ascending, with appressed scales, terminal joint shorter than second, acute.
Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibize clothed with long hairs.
Fore wings with vein rb furcate, 2 from 4/5, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to
hind margin, 9 absent, 11 from beyond middle.
Hind wing 1, trapezoidal-ovate, hind margin sinuate, cilia 1%, veins
3 and 4 short-stalked, 6 and 7 approximated towards base. 3
Nearly allied to Cryptophasa.
Type of genus and only species described in this paper, P. eremopa
Meyrick.
Habitat.—Koni, Upper Burma.”
Ptochoryctis tsugensis, new sp.— 6-¢. Expanse, 21-24 mm.
Head, thorax and labial palpi cream-white, latter dusted with fuscous
at base ; stalk of male antennz cream-white, narrowly fuscous between
joints ; pectinations fuscous, basal joint shining greenish-fuscous ; female
shining fuscous, faintly annulated with white. Abdomen cream-white,
posterior upper half of each male segment cupreous ; legs cream-white,
first pair heavily overlaid with shining fuscous, middle pair heavily dusted
with fuscous on tibize and tarsi, posterior pair but lightly speckled, spurs
all dusted, heaviest at apices.
Fore wing shining white, marked with fuscous as follows: Over
upper vein of cell, from just beyond base to end of cell and continuing
over vein 6 with branches 7 and 8, with a faint scattering of dark scales
over ro and ir. ‘The lower vein of cell, from middle, is heavily overlaid
with the dark colour, spreading over veins 2 to 5, the interspaces being
more or less white. Vein rb from beyond base to tornus. The extreme
base of wing is pure white, except costa, narrowly edged with fuscous to
inner 4%. A dark subterminal line begins at outer sixth of costa, curves
outward to vein 6, thence inward to tornus, paralleling margin, over each
vein the colour is darker, Between this and ‘cilia the terminal space is
318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
overlaid with a lighter shade of cupreous-fuscous, forming a continuous
terminal line, but inward interrupted by white spots between the veins.
Cilia white at base, through which runs a fine dark line, outwardly lighter
shining fuscous.
Hind wing whitish-yellow, cilia white, with faint median line ; under
side fore wing shining light fuscous, slightly darker over veins ; hind wing
yellowish-gray, slightly darker over veins 7 and 8.
Variation: Description is from average specimens ; the amount of
dark scaling is not uniform, in some specimens the dusting is much
heavier, nearly filling the interspaces, especially beyond and below cell,
in others the dark scales are absent, except on the veins, but in all the
pattern is maintained as per the description.
Described from 8 males and 8 females bred from larve on a Japanese
species of hemlock, Zsuga siebo/di, at a nursery in New Jersey ; issued
May 7 to 23. A pair of co-types deposited in U.S. Natl Mus., N. J.
Agric. Exp, Sta., Meyrick collection, the balance in Kearfott collection.
Larva full-grown, from alcoholic specimen.
Fourteen mm. long, 2.5 mm. diam. at rst abdominal segment.
Cylindrical, slightly tapering from 1st abd. to anal segment. Head
blackish-brown, flattened in front, rather square on top; clypeus triangu-
lar, reaching only half way to vertex ; epistoma paler; antenna concolor-
ous. Prothoracic shield large, concolorous with head, bisected by paler
dorsal line, two tubercular plates below large and brown. Body cream-
white, speckled with pink, the pink specks are in a double dorsal line, a
subdorsal line, a subspiracular line and a line above the feet, also a less
distinctly defined ventral line. The subdorsal line is darker and better
defined than the others. ‘Tubercles prominent, pinkish-brown. Sete
moderate, pale. Anal shield large, yellow, speckled lightly with pale
brown. Thoracic feet blackish-brown, annulated with whitish ; abdominal
feet moderate, normal, the crochets in complete ellipse.
Pupa, 8x2 mm., slightly flattened, light brown, darker on dorsum.
Frontal shield similar to Tortricid pupa. Cremaster broad laterally, with
two outer and two middle very short hooks.
Examples of this larva were submitted to Prof. W. 'T. M. Forbes, who
has written description which will follow. In a letter, Mr, Forbes states :
“The caterpillar shows some curious likenesses to Ludrosts lactee//a,
such as the form of the front and surrounding parts. There seems to be
also a suggestion of the curious slit-like marks on the labium. On the other
hand, the set on the prolegs are unique, so far as I have seen, and so is
the double ring of tubercle iii, Can it use sete iii in travelling, and so need
a more complex joint for them than other caterpillars have ?”
Mailed October 7th, 1910.
The Ganaiay Fntomalogist
Vou. XLII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1rgr1o. No. 11
A NEW AUTOGRAPHA FROM THE ALBERTA ROCKIES.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA.
Autographa Sansoni, n. sp.
Head and thorax rich olive-brown, all the crests and ridges tipped
with violaceous. Abdomen dark ochreous, densely shaded posteriorly _
with fuscous and gray, with pinkish lateral tufts, and an anterior dorsal
crest of colour of those on thorax. Ground colour of primaries of the
same violaceous tint as the crest tips, shaded and reticulated with oliva-
ceous and velvety blackish-brown, the darkest shades being in central area
below the median vein, the basal and inner subbasal spaces, and a sub-
terminal shade near apex. Basal line from costa to vein 1 nearly straight,
and nearly at right angles to median vein, to which point it is double,
dark-filled, the inner portion metallic, thence single. ‘T. a. line single,
metallic, sharply dentate outwardly below costa, outcurved below median
vein, bordered anteriorly by a narrow dark olivaceous-brown shade, which
is preceded by a narrow shade of the pale ground. T. p. line paler than
ground, but scarcely metallic, except on inner margin and just below vein
2, narrowly bordered both sides by dark brown, distinct throughout its
length, outcurved and slightly sinuate from costa to vein 5, almost direct
to vein 2, thence slightly sinuate to inner margin. S. t. Jine defined by
pale space between subterminal and terminal shades, undulate, with an
inward sinus below vein 2. The preceding shade is dark olivaceous,
shading into metallic-green between 1 and 3, blackish between 3 and 6.
A pale line at base of fringes, preceded and followed by dark lunules, the
anterior row being divided from the preceding olivaceous terminal area by
a fine pale line. Fringes cut with dark opposite veins.
Spots finely outlined with metallic-silver, about of californica and
pseudogamma pattern, Sign silvery-metallic, consisting of two lines run-
ning obliquely downwards and outwards from median vein just below
reniform, coalescing at about a third of their length, and continued as a
broad line slightly upcurved, of even width, blunt at extremity, almost
reaching the t. p. line just below vein 2. ‘There is a pale fulvous patch
extending from just below the junction of sign to the t. p. line,
350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Secondaries pale lemon-yellow, with a short discal spot and a very
broad blackish outer border. A fine yellow terminal line, followed by
a blackish line at base of the yellow fringes, which are cut with blackish
opposite veins. Beneath ochreous, densely shaded with fuscous, darkest
in subterminal space, with terminal and subapical shades of olivaceous
brown. The sign is reproduced in pale lemon-yellow. A small dark
discal spot on secondaries.
Expanse, 35 mm. = 134 inches.
One perfect male, Banff, Alta., June roth, rg10, “Imperial Bank,”
N. B. Sanson. Presented by him to the U. S. National Museum.
The specimen was captured, probably at light, at a low level, about
4,600 ft., and was received as No. 159, amongst some other specimens for
naming. Sir George Hampson has seen it, and says that it has no nearer
relation in the Old World than ?. Hochenwarthi Hoch., from which it is
very distinct.
In pattern of primaries it closely resembles rudidus Ott:, in which the
sign varies to almost exactly the sign here described. It agrees in wing
form. In colour Sanson is far richer, with stronger contrasts. The lines
are less oblique, and though thet. a. is rather more curved, the t. p. is
more direct, and is distinct throughout its length. The orbicular is smaller
and narrower. ‘The patch below the sign, which is pale fulvous in Sansoni,
is greenish-golden in rudidus. In the secondaries it differs still more
strikingly from rudidus, in having them of the pale lemon-yellow of
orophila Hamps. and diasema Bdy., but with cleaner base and still broader
black border than any of my specimens of these. It in no way resembles
either of them as to primaries.
The species falls in Autographa Hubn., as characterized by Dr. Dyar
in Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 80, tg02; and like rudidus, which I con-
sider its nearest ally, has not spined tibiw. In all the other yellow-
underwinged Plusiids known to me the hind tibie are strongly spined,
and tibial spines exist also in several other species at present standing
under Autographa.
DuRrtnc a fortnight’s vacation spent at Fortune’s Rocks, near Bidde-
ford, Maine, at beginning of July, the following species of Lepidoptera
were attracted to lights on the hotel gallery: Smerinthus cerysii, Lapara
bombycoides, Apantesis virguncula, Fagitana littera, Capis curvata,
Datana major, Cochlidion biguttata, Caripeta angustiorata, A couple
of specimens of Hemaris gracilis were taken at the flowers of the Sheep-
laurel (Xa/mia angustifolia).—A, F. Winn, Westmount, Que.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sol
THE ORTHOPTERA OF WESTERN CANADA.
BY THE EDITOR.
* (Continued from page 340.)
Family LocustTip&.
Subfamily Phaneropterine.
gt. Scudderia pistillata Brunn.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 26, 1904, 1 ¢. (Criddie.) Also recorded
from Winnipeg by Scudder (Pr. Am. Acad. Arts Sc, XXXIII,
p- 277, 1898).
SASK.—Regina, Aug. I1, 1902, 1 ¢; Aug. 16, 1903, 1 9.
(Willing.) Aug. 14, 1906, 1 g. (J. A- Reid.)
92. Scudderia curvicauda (De Geer).
MAN.—Aweme, Sept. 15, 1907, 4 f’s. (Criddle.)
Subfamily Conocephaline.
93. Orchelimum Manttobense, n. sp.
Nearly allied to O. vu/gare; but differing in the smaller head,
shorter pronotum, shallower elytral sinus, longer tooth borne by
the male cerci, and less distinct brown stripe
on the head and pronotum.
Male: Size a little smaller than 0.
vulgare; head of moderate size, fastigium
of the vertex slightly elevated, somewhat
less broadly rounded in profile than in vwl- py. 420. Manito.
gare, the apex well rounded, almost as broad "86 eee
as the base of the first antennal joint,
without a depression above, narrowed below where it comes
in contact with the fastigium of the face. Eyes of the same
relative size and prominence as in vu/gare; antenne about three
times as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, feebly
flaring in front, anterior margin subtruncate, posterior margin
broadly arcuate. Disk nearly flat, principal sulcus distinct!y
impressed, metazona nearly two-thirds the length of the prozona,
faintly punctate, with a shallow depression on each side of the
middle line ; lateral angles distinct only on the metazona, well
rounded. Depth of lateral lobes about equal to their Jength
November, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
opposite the lower margin of the eye ; ventral margin rotundo-
rectangulate, elytral sinus very shallow, the margin beneath it
gently and evenly arcuate; convex callosity as in wu/gare.
Tegmina surpassing the hind femora by about half the length of
the latter, considerably inflated in the proximal half, as in vu/gare,
tapering distally to the narrowly
rounded apices. Tympanum
well developed,* the principal
vein strong, a little longer than
in vulgare. Wings extending
beyond the apices of the tegmina
by 2-3 mm. Hind femora with- a
out spines beneath. Posterior reg peepee
margin of last dorsal segment mentand right cer-
broadly arcuate in dorsal view, sg:
ih 80: fan with a minute median notch. Cerci equal in
view ot end proae, their proximal half, tapering distally to a blunt
point, the outer margin straight ; tooth on the
inner face arising a little beyond the middle, at an angle of about
70°, horizontal, slender, tapering, somewhat recurved, fully half
as long as the cercus. Subgenital plate large, shaped as in
vulgare, the posterior margin obtus-angulately excavated, the
styli larger than in vulgare.
Colour: Pale dull green; a somewhat broken brownish
median band from the fastigium to the principal sulcus of the
pronotum, in one individual distinct only at the lateral margins
near the sulcus. Tegmina with a dark brown basal humeral
streak extending to the principal vein of the tympanum, and
another smaller spot of the same colour at the postero-lateral
corner of the tympanum.
Female unknown.
Measurements : Length of body, 17; pronotum, 4.3—4-7 ;
tegmen, 20-23 ; hind femur, 12-13 mm.
MAN.—Ashdown, July 29, 1910, 2 g's. (Criddle. Type coll.
Walker.)
94 NXiphidion fasciatum (De Geer).
MAN.—Carman, 1 9. (Alexander.) Aweme, July 30, 1909, 1
9; Aug. 9, 16, 1907, 3 g's; Aug. 24, 1905, 1 g. (Criddle.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353
Also recorded from the Red River (Scudder’)* and Boissevain
(Walker).
B. C.—Agassiz. (Walker.)
95. Xiphidion brevipenne Scudd. .
MAN.—Red River. (Scudder.’)
96. Xiphidion saltans Scudd.
MAN.— Aug. 8, 21, 1905, 2 2’s. (Criddle.)
SASK.—Souris River. (Scudder.’)
Both of the Manitoba specimens are brachypterous, the
tegmina being shorter than the pronotum.
Subfamily Decticinee.
97. Neduba carinata Walk.
B. C.—Wellington. (Caudell.”)
98. Apote notabilis Scudd.
B. C.—Vancouvver Island. (Caudell.’)
99. Anabrus simplex Haldeman,
MAN.—Aweme, July 15, 1904, 1 2 (Willing) ; Aug. ro, 1903,
t ¢ (Criddle). Also recorded from Manitoba by Scudder
(Psyche, VILLI p:' 95,1897).
SASK.—Radisson, July 29,. 1907, 1 2 nymph. Also recorded
from the Souris River by Scudder.’
var, maculatus Caudell.
B. C.—Ft. Walsh. (Caudell.*)
var. coloradus Thomas.
MAN,—Thomas (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV, p. 485, 1878).
ALTA.—Macleod. (Caudell.”)
The female from Aweme is rather small for the typical form
(pronotum rr mm.), and has faint indications of maculations.
100, Anabrus longipes Caudell.
B. C —Nelson, 2 g’s. (Alexander.)
*Small numerals following an authority’s name refer to same numerals in the
list of references.
354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
1o1. Jdionotus brevipes Caudell.
MAN.—Aweme, July 26, 1906, 14; Aug. 1, 1904, 1 3; Aug.
17, 1905, 2 g's. (Criddle.)
ALTA.—Calgary. (Caudell.*) Millarville. (Fletcher.’)
The specimen recorded from Calgary “ was actually taken
between Midnapore and Millarville, and about ten miles south
of Calgary.” (Fletcher.)
102. Steiroxys borealis Scudd.
ALTA.—Macleod. (Caudell.*)
Subfamily Stenopelmatine.
103. Stenopelmatus Californicus Brunn.
B. C.—Vancouver (Brunner, Verh. zool. bot. ges. Wien, 1888,
p. 211).
104. Stenopelmatus longispina Brunn.
B. C.—Vancouver (Brunner, oc ctt., p. 260-261).
105. Cyphoderris monstrosa Ubler.
ALTA.—Banff, Aug. 21, 1900, 1 @. (Sanson.) Also recorded
from this locality by Scudder (Can. Envt., XXXIII, p. 17,
1901), Caudell (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 52, 1904), and
Walker, from Laggan by Scudder (Psyche, LX, p. 167, 1901),
and from the Saskatchewan River, below junction of North
Fork, by Rehn.
B. C.—Peachland. (Fletcher.*) Ainsworth. (Caudell, doc, cit.)
106. Ceuthophilus gracilipes Scudd.
MAN.—Red River. (Scudder.*)
107. Ceuthophilus terrestris Scudd.
MAN.—North Red River. (Scudder.*)
108. Ceuthophilus aridus Bruner. :
SASK.—Swift Current, Sept., ¢, 2. Regina, May 24, July 16,
1904; May 7, 1905; June 17, 20, 1907; Sept. 7, 1903, 6 ¢’s,
4 9’s (all immature). Mortloch, Noy. 20, 1907, 1 2 nymph.
(Willing. )
These specimens agree closely with Bruner’s description of
Colorado individuals, except that the mature pair from Swift
Current measure considerably larger, and are not quite uniform
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 355
in coloration as described for arzdus, though very nearly so.
They measure as follows :
Length of pronotum, ¢ 5, 2 4.5; fore femur, ¢ 6, 5.5;
hind femur, ¢ 13, 2 11.5; hind tibia, ¢ 14, 9 13; ovipositor,
ro mm.
109. Ceuthophilus celatus Scudd.
B. C.—Victoria. (Scudder, Can. Ent., XXXI, p. 118, 1899.)
110. Ceuthophilus Agassizit Scudd.
B. C.—Vancouver Island and “ British Columbia.” (Scudder.*)
111. Ceuthophilus Californianus Scudd.
B. C.—Vancouver. (Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 1,
202, 1869.) Victoria. (Fletcher.’)
112. Ceuthophilus Henshawi Scudd.
B. C.—Vancouver Island. (Scudder.‘) Kaslo. (Caudell.‘)
113. Udeopsylla nigra Scudd.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 31, 1904, t 9; Aug. 31, Sept. 12, Oct. 4,
1905, 2 ¢’s, 2 $%’s; Aug. 30, 1906, 1 9; July 13, Aug. 20,
Sept. 28, 1907, 2 g’s, 2 9’s. (Criddle.) Deloraine, July 27,
1904, 1 g. (Dr. J. M. David.) Elgin, Aug. 14, 1849, 1 3.
(D. Gibson.) Also recorded from the Red River (Scudder).
These specimens vary from pale chestnut-brown to black,
but it is impossible to separate them into two species, although
the brown individuals do not seem to differ from U. robusta
Scudd.
Family GRYLLID&.
Subfamily Myrmecophiline.
114. Myrmecophila Oregonensis.
B. C.—Victoria. (Fletcher.1) Vancouver. (Taylor, Ott. Nat.,
XII, 59, 1898.) Wellington, Vance. Id. (Caudell.’)
Subfamily Gryllinz.
115. Memobtius fasciatus abortivus Caud.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 8-31, 1904, 6 ¢’s, 12 9’s; Aug. 24, 25,
1905, 4 3’s, 4 ?’s, 2 nymphs; Sept. 25,1904, 1 3; Sept. 20,
1907, 1 2; Nov. 3, 1904, 1 9. (Criddle.) Elkhorn, 1 9.”
(Alexander. ) ,
356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
SASK.—Yellow Grass, 1 ¢; Moosomin, 1 ¢,1 9? ; Vonda, 1
9. (Alexander.) Also recorded from Moose Jaw (Caudell’’*),
ALTA.—Medicine Hat and Calgary. (Caudell*) - od
The series from Aweme is very interesting, showing great
variation in colour, and length of tegmina and ovipositor. Some
individuals approach WV. macu/atus Blatchl., from Indiana, in all
these characters, and are scarcely distinguishable except by the
longer and more numerous hairs of the pronotum, but, as a rule,
the ovipositor is distinctly longer than in V. maculatus.
116. Gryllus Pennsylvanicus Burm.
MAN.—Aweme, May 26, 1906, 1 ¢; June 2-24, 1904, 3 ¢’s,
1 9; June 12, 1907, 1 ¢; Aug. 27, 1904, 1 9. (Criddle.)
SASK.— Moose Jaw. (Caudell.’)
B. C.—Victoria, Vancouver. (Scudder, Psyche, 1X, p. 269, 1901).
var, abbreviatus.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 8, 19, 26, 1904, t ¢, 2 9’s. Also
recorded from the Red River (Scudder, Psyche, LX, p. 292,
1902).
B. C.—Near Victoria. (Walker.)
Of the four females from Aweme, the two which I have
placed under var. addreviatus are somewhat smaller than typical
examples of this form, but the ovipositor is relatively quite as
long as in the latter. The specimen taken in June is decidedly
of the Pennsy/vanicus type, while the fourth one is about inter-
mediate between these two varieties.
The following measurements show the relation between the
length of the ovipositor and hind femora in these four specimens :
Date of capture. Length of ovipositor. Length of hind femora.
Aug. 19 19 11
no 17-5 if
piri | 5:5 9-75
June 2 11.5 9
Subfamily Gecanthine,
117. Cicanthus nigricornis quadripunctatus Beut.
MAN.—Aweme, Aug. 10, 1904, 2 ¢’s; Aug. 28, 1904, I 9;
Sept. 16, 1904, t 9; Aug. 21, 26, 1909, 2 ?’s. (Criddle.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357
A NOTE ON THE LIGHT-EMISSION OF SOME AMERICAN
LAMPYRID-.-
BY F. ALEX. MC DERMOTT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In connection with the collection of specimens for some work on
physiologic light, I have had occasion to observe the modes of light-
emission of some species of American Lampyridze common in this neigh-
bourhood (Washington, D. C.), and thought that some of these might be
of interest. The species most common here, at least within the city limits,
is Photinus pyralis Linn.; Photinus consanguineus Lec., Photinus scintit-
fans Say, Photuris pennsylvanica Geer, and Lecontea ( Pyractomena)
angulata Say, were also observed. Each of these species appears to emit
its light in a different and characteristic way—sometimes in several ways.
The insect whose light-emission is best known here is the Photinus
pyralis. This is the insect which abounds in our parks during the sum-
mer, and with whose peculiar “dipping” flight as it flashes most of us
Washingtonians are familiar. This dipping flight is indulged in by the
male, apparently while seeking its mate, and consists usually of a short
downward fiight, followed by a longer upward flight, during the whole of
which the insect emits a continuous light, the whole phenomenon occupy-
ing from half a second to a second. The light appears to be at its
maximum brilliancy during the turn at the lowest point of the flight,
increasing rapidly on the descending flight, and decreasing on the ascend-
ing. At the completion of the flash the insect remains dark for some
seconds, or perhaps minutes, and then repeats the operation, either near
the same locality, or after a flight to some point usually not far from its
starting point. Sometimes the light does not entirely die out immediately
after the flash, but a phosphorescent glow is left shining for some seconds,
sometimes till the next flash —and by this residual glow the insect may be
trailed with ease at night. Later in the evening the insects fly higher,
and then flash when flying straight, or, indeed, in any direction ; the
dipping flight appears to be indulged in only when near the earth. Occa-
sionally they flash near the earth when flying ina curve the reverse of
that described, that is, a rising flight followed by a descending one; rarely,
also, they may be observed to twinkle, as will be described for the Pioturis.
This description applies only to the male pyradés. The luminous
organ of the male of this species occupies the entire ventral surface of the
two abdominal segments next to the last, as well as a good portion, almost
half, of the preceding segment. The luminous organ of the female
occupies only a small spot, about a third of the ventral area, of the third
November, 1910
358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
abdominal segment from the end. Although with apparently as strong
wings as the males, they are heavier bodied, especially when pregnant, and
fly comparatively slowly and for short distances, and their organ gives
much less light than that of the male, though of the same quality, greenish-
yellow, Both the male and female of this species have two small luminous
points on the last abdominal segment ; these points frequently present a
continuous faint glow when the rest of the organ is dark, but they do not
appear to be involved in the normal flash of the insect.
The larva of the Ayradis is a narrow, sluggish glow-worm, and emits
light from the ventral side of the next to the last abdominal segment. The
lower side of the thoracic segments and the edges of the abdominal
segments show the pink coloration characteristic of the thorax of the
imago. In walking it pushes itself along with the end of the abdomen, as
described below for the larval pennsy/vanica; the pyralis larva, however,
does not appear to have acquired the aquatic habits of the pennsy/vanica,
although it may be found in company with the latter glow-worm, in moist
earth along the edge of roadways and paths.
After the Ayvad/s, the most common Lampyrid here is the Photuris
pennsylvanica Geer. ‘This insect appears a little later in the evening than
the pyra/is, and may frequently be noticed flitting around trees and bushes
just after sundown. It is usually easily distinguished from the pyra/is by
its different mode of light-emission, and the more greenish (or bluish)
quality of its light. It isa much more active insect than the pyradis, with |
longer legs and a harder covering ; both sexes are winged and equally °
active. In both sexes the luminous apparatus occupies the ventral sides
of the two segments of the abdomen next to the last, and apparently a
portion of the dorsal side also, since the light may be seen through the
slight gap between the elytra when the insect is viewed from above. The
female appears to give a slightly less intense light ; at least, in mating, one
insect is usually to be observed to be less brilliant than the other, The
males are fighters, and on several occasions, when two or more have been
imprisoned in a test-tube together, they have been known to kill one
another, the insect killed being partially dismembered and the ventral
portion of the thorax torn out. '
The larve of Photuris pennsylvanica are broad, flat, sluggish glow-
worms, rather resembling the common wood-lice ; they carry two small
points of light on the next to the last segment of the abdomen, and when
walking push themselves along with the end of the abdomen. About one-
third of the apparent width of the larva consists of broad, translucent,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359
horny plates, which extend outward from either side of each segment.
These larvee (penzsylvanica) appear to be semi-aquatic in habit ; at this
time of the year (early Sept.), while walking along the edge of Rock Creek,
in Rock Creek Park, Washington, D. C., numerous points of greenish light,
which glow slowly and then die out slowly, to glow again in a moment or so,
may be seen at the very edge of the water ; on investigation these proved
to be the larval forms of the Profuris clinging to moist stones, weeds, etc.,
and presumably preying upon the smaller living things there. I noticed
one quite remarkable sight ; looking over a bridge which spans the creek
just above a dam, one could see several of these points of light apparently
on the surface of the water, and within a radius of about five feet, glowing
and dying out again in their characteristic manner ; upon closer observa-
tion there appeared to be at least a hundred of these larvee thus apparently
floating. The current here is slow, but perceptible, and as the mass of
points of light did not change their position either with relation to each
other or with the bridge, they must have been clinging to grasses or stones
at the surface of the water. When compared at night in the same tube,
the light of the larva of Jexnsy/vanica is distinctly more greenish than that
of the larva of Ayradlis.
The first time I saw the pennsylvantca in this neighbourhood, they
were flitting around the tops of some rather high trees, the flight being in
no particular direction. As seen there, they flashed with greater frequency
than the Ayra/is ordinarily does, and the flash, insiead of being a single
prolonged emission, as in the latter insect, consisted of a series of several
short, brilliant flashes, which may be best described as a ‘‘twinkling.”
This twinkling has often been observed since, and appears to be one of
the methods of light-emission most commonly indulged in by this species,
Since this first observation, however, the pennsylvanica has been
observed to emit light in several other characteristic ways. The most
common of these, and probably the most common mode of light-emission
of this insect, consists of a single prolonged flash, about as long in dura-
tion, and about as frequently repeated as the dipping flish of the pyradvs,
delivered while the insect is flitting around bushes and the branches of
trees. The flash differs markedly from that of the pyra/is. It begins as
a faint glow, rapidly increasing in brilliancy, until it attains an intensity
obviously much greater than that of tae illumination of the commoner
insect. It then ends suddenly, leaving an impression on the retina similar
to, but of course much less intense than that produced by a sudden flash
of lightning observed at night. As the maximum intensity of the light is
neo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
approached the speed of flight appears to diminish, and as the final point
is reached the insect flies very slowly in a small rising helix, or, if flying
straight, may come to an almost complete stop. Occasionally the flash is
followed by a residual phosphorescence, similar to that observed with the
pyralis, and rather more rarely the flash is not ended suddenly, but
allowed to fade out more gradually, in a manner resembling the normal
flash of the pyradis.
Another natural mode of light-emission of this insect consists of a
single, momentary bright flash, lasting only a small fraction of a second,
and delivered without respect to location or manner of flight; these
flashes are apparently isolated instances of the flashes emitted by the
insect when in captivity, as will be described, or of the last natural mode
of light-emission which I have noticed. This last method, which I have
observed only three times, consists of a vertical drop or fall of several
feet—about ten feet in each of the three cases noted—during the whole
course of which the insect is flashing rapidly. On the third occasion on
which I noticed this falling flight, the insect continued to flit around the
weeds near which he had dropped, still flashing rapidly.
In captivity the Ayradis soon loses its luminous propensity, and
attains a quiet, slow-creeping condition, in which it gives no light, or only
occasional flashes. The pennsy/vanica, however, is very restless when in
captivity, running rapidly around his prison, and flashing almost continu-
ously at intervals of about a second, these flashes never reach the full
brilliancy of the natural coruscations of the insect, but are still quite bright.
The males of Photinus consanguineus, P. scintillans and Lecontea
angu/ata all emit their light in short, bright flashes, apparently without
' relation to their manner of flight. The angu/ata emits two such flashes,
~
separated by a fraction of a second’s interval, followed by a longer interval
before the next two. The consanguineus usually emits a single flash,
much shorter and more sudden than that of the pyra/is, sometimes
followed by a residual phosphorescence, similar to that of the pyradis ;
occasionally, too, I have seen them give a twinkling light, suggestive of
the pennsylvanica. The males of both of these species were first captured
under the impression that they were the fennsy/vanica, only the light
being observed before capture. In both of these species the luminous
organ of the male is confined to the ventral surfaces of the two abdominal
segments next to the last. I have not yet captured a living female of the
consanguineus; the female of the angudata has an organ of irregular shape,
situated on the ventral surfaces of the same segments as in the male ; the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361
light must be less intense than that of the male, but I have not observed
them at night. In the cyanide killing-bottle the organ of the female
augulata shines as four luminous points. ‘The light-emission of the male
scintillans is very similar to that of the Ayradis, but shorter in duration,
and not delivered during a dipping flight, but when flitting irregularly
around bushes, etc. In appearance and location of the light-organ the
male scinti//ans is a diminutive male pyradis, and from Watasé’s drawings
the female scinti//ans much resembles the female pyradis.
Dr. Frederick Knab (Can. ENT., 1905, Vol. 37, pp. 238-239) has men-
tioned the difference in quality between the light of Photinus scintil/ans and
Photuris pennsylvanica, and Turner (Psyche, 1882, Vol. 3, p. 309), has called
attention to the similarities and differences between the light of Photinus
pyralis, Photuris pennsylvanica and Pyrophorus noctilucus. Aside from the
fact that the pennsy/vanica is a considerably larger insect, and, therefore,
witha larger luminous apparatus, there is certainly a distinct difference in the
light. I have never submitted the light of scé#¢z//ans to analysis with a spec-
troscope, but I have compared the light of pyralis, pennsylvanica and
consanguineus with a small Schmidt & Heensch spectroscope, having an
arbitrary numerical scale reading fron o in the red (the lower end of the
visible spectrum) to 65, the end of the visible violet, and on which the
sodium D-line corresponds to No. 13, and the calcium lines H, and H, to
56.5 and 58.5 respectively. This little instrument resolved the light of
the pyra/is into a continuous band, extending from 5 to 25 of the scale,
corresponding to the “‘structureless, unsymmetrical band” obtained by
Ives and Coblentz (Bull. of the Bur. Standards, Wash., D. C., 1910, Vol.
6, pp. 321-336), in their excellent work on the luminous efficiency of the
fire-fly. The light emitted by the pexnsylvanica showed a shorter spec-
trum, extending from 7 to 24 of the scale, and that of the consanguineus
even shorter, extending from 7 to 22 of the scale. These were single
observations, which I have unfortunately been unable to more than
partially confirm, but the fact that the spectrum of the light emitted by
the two latter species appears to be shorter in the red end than that of the
pyralis, would seem to account for its more decided green tinge. The red
light which Dr. Knab and Mr. Barber (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, 1908, Vol. 9,
pp. 41-43) mention as being noted in tropical species of Phengodes, is not
regarded by Dr. Coblentz as being due to absorption in the chitin, as it
would be but poor economy to generate such an efficient light, and then
absorb a portion of it before its passage from the generating organ.
362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
What the substance is that is burned to produce this light we do not
know. A large number of chemicals and mixtures of chemicals have been
found to give light under certain conditions, usually of oxidation. One of
these (formaldehyde and pyrogallol, oxidized by strong hydrogen peroxid
solution), investigated by Max Trautz (Zeitschrift f. physikal. Chemie,
1905, Vol. 53, pp. 1-111), produced a light whose spectrum appears to
roughly approximate that of the fire-fly.
In this connection I have found that the spectrum of the light pro-
duced on moistening with commercial three-per-cent. hydrogen peroxid
solution, the ground luminous tissue of the pyra/is, which has been dried
in hydrogen over sulphuric acid, extends only from g to 15 of the scale of
the spectroscope ; that is, it lies mainly in the yellow and yellow-orange
portions of the spectrum.
Some as yet unfinished histologic studies indicate that the structure
of the photogenic organs of Photinus pyralis and Photuris pennsylvanica
are approximately the same, and much as described by Townsend
(American Naturalist, 1904, Vol. 38, pp. 127-151), for Photinus marginellus-
The question naturally arises, “What is the purpose of the light-
emission?” ‘That this phenomenon has some relation to the sexual
function is scarcely to be doubted. Just why this family should possess
this power, while it is limited to occasional members of other families and
of other orders of insects, that is, just what conditions of life and environ-
ment render it necessary as an adjunct to the sexual function, is not yet
determined. Ehrenberg, in his extensive work, “Das Leuchten des
Meeres” (Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1834-1836, pp.
411-575), agrees that, while the explanation that the luminosity is an
adjunct of the sexual function is acceptable for the Lampyride and other
bisexual forms, it will not hold for the hermaphroditic marine organisms
that are luminous, while Watasé (Protoplasmic contractility and Phosphor-
escence, Biol. Lectures, Wood's Hole, 1898, pp. 177-192) seems to leave
one with the impression that he regards phosphorescence as a potential —
property of all protoplasm. I have no further explanation to offer in this
connection, but the following chance observation may be of interest ;
I was looking over a fence down a sloping field, a little later in the
evening than the period of greatest activity on the part of the pyradis.
There was no sign of luminosity nearby, though some distance away
several males of the Ayra/is were flying about. One of these flew towards
the fence, and then dropped. downward, giving his characteristic dipping
flash, Immediately the less intense lights of several pyra/is females
appeared in the nearby weeds, where their presence had theretofore not
————E—————
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 363
been suspected. Since observing this instance, several similar, but not so
clearly defined cases, have been noticed. Barber’s observations on Phen-
godes laticollts (Proc.Wash. Ent. Soc., Vol. 7, pp. 196-197), also point strong-
ly to the relation between luminosity and sexual function in that species.*
Both sexes of pyradis appear to be non-luminous during copulation,
but flash if disturbed.
The phenomenon would be easier to understand if only the apterous
or more sluggish females were brightly luminous, while the males, as in
Phengodes laticollis, were non-luminous, or but slightly so. But in our
two species most common here the male is either considerably brighter
than the female or approximately equal to his mate in brilliancy. The
luminosity of larve is also a little hard to comprehend, except as a
developmental form of a rudimentary organ. Dubois has claimed that
even the unfertilized eggs are luminous.
That the light has also a protective function is also readily surmised.
I have heard of at least one doxa fide instance, where the sudden flash of °
a fire-fly saved him from being made a portion of the evening meal of a
chicken. Between the light which they give and the sticky exudation and
unpleasant odour of most species, it seems hardly likely that they would
prove a tempting morsel to insectivorous creatures. Toads, it is said,
have been known to eat them.
There seems to have been some discussion, in times past, as to
whether the light-emission of the various luminous forms was voluntary, or
~at least under the control of the organism. One argument that was
advanced against the view that the phenomenon was under the control of
the organism was that the light of the luminous tropical elaters, cucuyo,
etc., was constant, and not intermittent. Anyone who studies the natural
light-emission of the Lampyridz can scarcely help but conclude that,
except when they are subjected to some powerful excitement, such as
mechanical, electrical or chemical stimuli external to the organism, the
light-emission is entirely voluntary, and under the control of the will.
Apparently the insects of the group Luciola emit a continuous twinkling,
which has been stated to be synchronous with the respiratory movements
of the abdomen, or with the circulatory impulses of the hemolymph ; such
synchronism may exist, but it would hardly seem to be proof that the light-
emission was not under the control of the insect’s will. The cucuyo, indeed,
has been observed to vary the intensity of its light apparently entirely at will.
*I regret that in this connection I have not yet been able to secure a recent
paper by Meissner, ‘‘Wie leuchten die Lampyridz?” in the Entomologische
Wochenblatt, 1907, Vol. 24, p. 61.
3O4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
LARVA OF PTOCHORYCT/S TSUGENSITS KEARFOTT.
BY W. T. M. FORBES, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
Head and cervical shield heavily chitinized; anal plate less so.
Tubercles broad. Granulations of fine sinuous lines of dots in the thinner
portions, becoming polygonal patches of dots on the tubercles.
Head higher than wide, a little squarish at the top. Epicrania high,
extending far above top of adfrontals and sete i; i directly above ii and
separated by only about 1/7 height of head (measured from lower edge
of clypeus to vertex); ii distant from adfrontals ; six ocelli, the posterior on
a level with the lower anterior, but separated by a cleft extending up from
the antennal membranous area. Lower ocellus at middle of posterior
edge of the antennal area. Front only 1/5 height of head, about as high
as wide, the sete about a third way up and far apart; the punctures 4%
as far apart and much lower. Adfrontals broad, not extending far above
top of front, with both margins evenly sinuous ; i above top of front, and
puncture much nearer to it than to ii. Clypeus large, with sets far apart.
Labrum slightly notched, ii higher than i, iii obliquely above iv; puncture
between i and ii and higher, First free joint of maxillary palpus not as
large as in Cacacia (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., III, pl. 20, fig. 137) ; sclerites
of maxilla separate, the stripes more lightly chitinized, the subgalea send-
ing a projection between the palpifer and base of palpus ; cardo large.
Submentum and mentum fused, the lines of separation indicated by two
parallel longitudinal slits, between which there is a chitinized area. Sete
distant. Antenne about as in Simethis (loc. cit., fig. 140), but the first
two joints are equal in diameter.
Cervical shield as wide as the segment, extending down to the
spiracle ; it may fuse shortly with the large prespiracular plate in front of
it. Meso- and metathorax, with ia +ib, iia+iib; iv+v and on a level
with iii. True legs moderate. On the abdomen, i and ii are on a level,
distant ; ili is a large ring, in the centre of which there is a small ring
bearing the seta and a couple of projections ; iv+v, iv minute, above and
in front of v; vi single; vii consisting of an oblique row of five sete and
a sixth just behind the upper two. Prolegs not strongly projecting, with
a complete ellipse of 50 hooks, alternately of 23-lengths. Anal prolegs
with a bent bend of hooks, and also with extra sete in the region corre-
sponding to vii. On At and A2 vii is of 3 sete ; on A7 of two and on A8
and Ag of one only. On the ninth segment i and ii are obliquely placed,
and ii are very far apart,
The outer ring of iii might be easily mistaken for a spiracle, and only
occurs on the spiracle-bearing segments of the abdomen,
November, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 365
A NEW THECLA FROM TEXAS.
BY WILLIAM BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D. DECATUR, ILL.
Callicista Laceyt, n. sp.
? .—Palpi white, terminal joint shaded with black on its upper sur-
face ; antenne black, ringed with white and tipped with orange, with a
few fulvous hairs at base ; front and collar white ; thorax and abdomen
black, with sparse grayish hairs. Upper side deep blackish-brown ;
primaries unmarked, with narrow white fringes shading into brown towards
apex ; secondaries with anal angle slightly tipped with orange, preceded
by a small black patch and a few white scales ; along the outer margin,
between rst anal vein and M, three black lunulate patches bordered
towards the base of wing with white scaling ; of these the third is the
smallest and least prominent ; a white subterminal line extends from anal
angle to vein Mg, followed by a terminal black line, which also tends to
merge into the ground colour of the wing towards costa ; fringes broader
than on primaries, pure white, with the exception of the anal angle, where
they are brown; tail single, 3.4 mm. long, bordered with white at base
and tipped with same colour.
Beneath primaries pale mouse-gray, with somewhat darker terminal
line and a double row of 6 terminal spots, of which the outer row is rather
obscure and oval, the inner one lunate and slightly shaded with orange on
lunules 4 and 5 ; interspace between the two rows scaled with white ; well
beyond the cell the wing is crossed by an irregular band composed of
three distinct dashes, edged inwardly with orange, outwardly with white,
and extending as far as vein Cu,; of these the central dash is situated
slightly nearer to the outer margin than the other two; below vein Cu,
the band is indistictly represented by two oblique dark gray dashes,
shaded outwardly with white, and forming a broken V-shaped mark, with
apex directed toward base of wing; an obscure white bar at end of cell ;
fringes concolorous with wing.
Secondaries mouse-gray, strongly scaled with white ; dark terminal
line, bordered inwardly with white and slightly enlarged at termination of
veins ; double row of distinct terminal lunules separated by white scaling,
as On primaries, inner row becoming reduced to mere dashes towards
anal angle ; of the outer row, the spot between Cu, and Cuyis large ; deep
black and broadly margined with orange ; the following spot is scaled
with blue, showing traces of black only towards anal angle; anal patch
black, separated from preceding spot by a narrow band of orange and
November, 1910
306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
bordered internally with white ; beyond the cell an irregular linear band,
crossing the entire wing, and bordered outwardly with white and inwardly
with orange ; this band is somewhat outcurved opposite the cell, forming
below the median vein a prominent W, the apices of which rest on veins
Cu, and rst anal respectively ; an obscure geminate bar at end of cell and
traces of a discal band, chiefly confined to a dark dash, edged inwardly
with white near costal margin, and a similar one in the cell ; dark basal
spot, edged outwardly with white ; fringes whitish, slightly checkered with
gray.
Expanse, 22 mm.
Habitat.—Del Rio, Texas (July), 1 9. Type, coll. Barnes.
This species approaches co/ume/la Fab. rather closely in its general
markings ; can, however, be readily distinguished by the linear nature of
the banding on the under side and the prominent W mark ; in co/umedla
the bands are decidedly macular in character, and the ground colour of
the under side is further of a much deeper brown than in our species.
We take pleasure in naming the insect after the collector, Mr. H. Lacey,
who has added so considerably to our knowledge of Texan Lepidoptera,
SOME INSECTS FROM STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, COLO.—IL.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO.
HYMENOPTERA APpoIDEA.—(Continued.)
Ffalictus vaporellus, n. sp.
2 .—Length slightly over 6 mm., black, hoary with thin pale pubes-
cence ; abdomen without band or patches; hind spur pale, with four
spines, the first three long; posterior truncation of metathorax with a distinct
edge only near base ; apical half of mandibles dark red ; flagellum slightly
(variably) brownish beneath. A small species of the subgenus Zzyfeus,
in all respects extremely close to 1. Fuxif Rob. (possibly a subspecies of
it), but differing as follows: Stigma dusky reddish-brown ; sculpture of
area of metathorax considerably finer ; face rather narrower. In Crawford’s
table (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Dec., 1907), it will not run to Fox on account
of the stigma, and when run to guadrimacu/atus and allies fails to agree
because of the absence of hair-patches on the abdomen. Under the com-
pound microscope, the sculpture of the front and mesothorax is seen to
agree with /oxii. The second abdominal segment is punctured as well
as transversely lineolate.
Hab.—Steamboat Springs, Colorado, May 27, 2 9’s.
November, 1910
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 367
FTalictus Lerouxti Lep.—r 9.
Flalictus Cooleyi Crawf.—t 9.
Falictus arapahonum Ck\l.—g 9’s.
Sphecodes (Sphecodium) nitidissimus, 0. sp.
?.—Length a little over 5 mm., very shiny; black, the abdomen
bright chestnut-red, fourth segment (except extreme base), fifth and apex
black ; face with white hair ; eyes converging below ; mandibles bidentate,
red, except at base ; labrum entire ; clypeus sparsely punctured ; flagellum
thick, faintly brownish beneath ; mesothorax rather sparsely punctured,
parapsidal grooves strong ; area of metathorax regularly crescentic, very
strongly defined, with irregular longitudinal wrinkles; legs black with
silvery hair, small joints of tarsi becoming brownish ; tegulz brown, pailid
toward margins ; wings gray, nervures and stigma piceous ; abdomen very
smooth, the second segment hardly at all punctured. Close to S. Cres-
sonti Rob., but separated by the dusky wings and the regularly crescentic
(instead of boat-shaped) area of metathorax. From S. eustictus Ckll. it is
readily known by the almost impunctate abdomen.
Hab.—Steamboat Springs, Colorado, May 27, 1 ¢.
LVomada ( Nomada s. str.) fontis, n. sp.
@.—Length about 7 mm,, rather slender, bright ferruginous-red,
marked with black; a little yellow at lower corners of face ; second to
fourth abdominal segments with a small yellow spot on each side, fifth
without yellow, although a pair of very faint yellowish dorsal spots can-be
seen on close inspection ; head broad ; eyes dark (not at all greenish) ;
the scanty hair of head and thorax white ; front and vertex each with a
large black patch ; cheeks black behind ; flagellum thick, red above and
below ; third antennal joint yellowish in front, much shorter than fourth
on outer, and somewhat shorter on inner side; mesothorax rough, with
three black stripes ; scutellum moderately prominent, scarcely bigibbous ;
metathorax with a broad median black stripe ; pleura red, but above is a
round red area surrounded by black; legs red, more or less suffused with
blackish ; tegule red, punctured ; wings dusky, with a pallid area beyond
the cells ; stigma ferruginous ; nervures piceous; b. n. going a very short
distance basad of t. m.; second s. m. receiving first r. n. about the begin-
ning of its last third; third s. m. large, but narrowed nearly to a point
above ; abdomen minutely punctulate, hind margins of the segments
broadly dusky, but not black ; base of first segment with a blackish spot
on each side; venter clear red. Close to 4. nigrocincta Smith, and
36S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
perhaps a subspecies of it, but the abdominal bands are much paler, and
the markings differ in many details.
/fab.—Steamboat Springs, Colorado, May 27,1 9?.
Nomada ( Gnathias) bella Cresson.—1 9.
Andrena prunorum Gillettei Ck\l.—4 ¢’s.
Andrena ( Micrandrena) amplificata, n. sp.
é.—(Type.) Length, 9 mm., or slightly over ; black, with the front
and abdomen very dark bluish ; pubescence white, long on head and
thorax, black at sides of face and on upper part of cheeks ; clypeus very
pale yellow, with the usual black spots, the lower edge black ; head
broader than long ; tongue very short ; cheeks ordinary ; front longitudi-
nally striate; antenn black, third joint about as long as the next two
together ; mesothorax microscopically tessellate, with sparse but distinct
punctures, shining in the middle ; area of metathorax not defined, granu-
lar, slightly plicate basally ; legs black, with white hair, slightly yellowish
on inner side of tarsi; spurs dark ; tegule dark; wings smoky ; stigma
large, ferruginous ; nervures fuscous ; b. n. falling short of t. m.; first t. c.
not ending very close to stigma ; apex of marginal cell on costa; abdo-
men with a sericeous surface, and scattered piliferous punctures only ; no
distinct hair-bands, but indications of a fringe on segments 2 and 3
laterally ; apical ventral plate emarginate.
?.—Length, 9 to 11 mm.; body colours as in male; hair of head
and thorax above slightly ochreous ; hair of face, scape, cheeks and pleura
black (in large specimen pale on upper part of pleura) ; clypeus shining,
with well-separated punctures and a median smooth line; process of
labrum narrowly truncate ; antenn dark, third joint longer than next two
combined ; front striate ; facial foveze dark seal-brown, about half as wide
as space between eye and antenna, separated from eye by only a shining
line, scarcely going below level of antennz ; scutellum very smooth and
shining, with scattered punctures ; wings reddish ; middle and hind basi-
tarsi large and broad, with black hair ; femora and tibiw also with black
or sooty hair; apical hair of abdomen soot-colour; second segment
depressed nearly one-half (less in large specimen) ; pygidial plate triangu-
lar, narrow at apex. ‘The large specimen differs in a few details, and
might be thought distinct, but I am confident that it belongs with the
others.
Hab.—Steamboat Springs, Colorado, May 27. I believe it gathers
pollen exclusively from the Crucifere, principally from Zhelypodium, It
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 369
is a relatively gigantic representative of the group of A. zizie@, personata
and pacifica. Among the Colorado species it has a strong superficial
resemblance to A. fopazana Ckll., but is easily separated by the black
hair of face and pleura, and the absence of long pale hair on the basal
segments of the abdomen, the latter, in the female, being as dark and bare
as that of A. car/inz. There is another rather similar species which
Viereck has named in manuscript. Three females and two males were
taken. Ihave not seen the European A. cyanescens Nyl., but from the
description it seems to be a related species.
Andrena Wheelert Grenicher.—1t 2. I have compared this minutely
with a specimen from Dr. Grenicher, and cannot see any difference. My
specimen has collected a quantity of bright orange pollen, which can
hardly come from the Umbelliferee, on which, in Wisconsin, 4. Wheeleri
is oligotropic. heminasenoo:
Xyleborus ‘‘ var. minor, 0. var., | ‘* laticinera, 190.
164, 165. | ‘« Winnipeg, go.
Xyleborus pyri, 161.
Xyleborus serratus, n. sp., 162, 105. ~ |
‘© tachygraphus, 161, 165. | YoTHERS, M. A., article by, 69.
Xylina animada, 190.
«« antennata, 190. |
‘* cinerea, 190. | ZIMMER, J. T., article by, 166.
‘* cinerosa, 190. | Zodion lativentre, n. sp., 26.
Ohe :
| Canadian Entomologist
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BY CONTENTS.
Swaine—A New species of Eccoptogaster (plate)............62-20 0.2 c cee eens 33
: Fifth meeting of the Entomological Society of America.................... 36
| Taylor—Stray MOLES ON AS EOMEtI Gas ies id ee cide nip Poel ak eaalalaisle as ee aibinjsic sine 38
: . Coquillett—New spcies of North American Diptera.......................4- 41
: | The late Dr, (Brodie... 9.:..: elees ees LPR Aer tate daiapa creole Se karate eee ae 47
Sanders— Habits: ‘of Disogmus pubescens, ........ 0.05001 ee eee eee eee een ibaa
ae Rohyver—Notes on, Tenthredinoidea, VII. i... cali ve ee cece uc eels cee 49
ese Bowditch—Further notes on Pachybrachys..........cc ccc cece ee eee n et cetnces 53
q Taylor—Three new species of Eupithecize from Western America.......... 57
Cockerell—A ‘new Dipterous parasite of bats.......... 0.2.2.2 4e cet nee enue 59
Cockerell—Syntomid moth imported with bananas..................- Se re 60
| Kirkaldy—Hemiptera, new and old, No. 3............ 20. 0ee eee e ence cee eres 62
. Book Notice—Genera Insectorum, Cicindelinze (Wickham)................+. 65
Swett—Geometrid Notes, a new variety)... 62. . 1.10.5. .ee see eee 68
EDITED:-BY
DR. EF. M. WALKER,
BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT,
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO.
Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE.
+ \
‘ FEBRUARY, 1910.
LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1910.
BO an) Se aS ne Ba
me EXCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
LeriporpTeRA FOR EXCHANGR.—Ampel. versicolor, Sphinx sequoiz, Callos.
calleta, Hemileuca electra, Papaipema cerina and marginidens, Pactes oculatrix,
Eutelia pulcherrima, Catocala blandula, faustina, irene, alabama, etc.—]JOSEF
MATTES, 733 Lexington Ave., New York.
Boreal Leprpoprera Wanted.—I wish to obtain, in exchange or for
cash, Lepidoptera from Labrador, Alaska, Yukon and other northern parts of
America ; also the addresses of any persons competent to collect specimens in
those regions.—A. L. Tourcuot, Rue Ste. Héloise, St. Hyacinthe, P. Q.
European CoLeortera,—Carabus nemoralis, intricatus, arvensis, auratus, —
auronitens, purpurascens, monilis, etc., offered in exchange for North American
Coleoptera.—A. Ducttaussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferieure, France.
Wantep.—Caterpillars, especially of exotic families, or named Micro-
lepidoptera. Specimens in alcohol preferred.—Wma. T. M. Forses, Clark
University, Worcester, Mass.
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BACK Numbers WANTED for cash or exchange. —
Any numbers of Volumes 29 (1897), 30 (1898), 31 (1899); also the April number
of Vol. 34 (1902).—ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Ontario, Guelph, Canada.
WANTED, in exchange, perfect specimens of the genus Parasemia, Apantesis
and allied groups, Pierida and Catocala, Also eggs of Catocala for cash or
exchange. List of duplicates wi// be sent on application.—M. ‘ROTHKE,
835 Mathew Ave., Scranton, Pa.
CoLeopTERA.—-Cicindela blanda, nigrior, togata, rufiventris, gratiosa;
Chlianius ah Et and many other rare beetles to exchange for species not in
my collection, Lists of duplicates exchanged.—H. P. LOpDING, go Palmetto St.,
Mobile, Ala.
SAMIA COLUMBIA cocoons wanted for important experimental work. Euro-
pean material given in exchange. Anyone who can assist will please communi-
cate with J. W. H. Harrison, 181 Abingdon Road, Middlesbro’, England.
LEPIDOPTERA. —Chrysophanus dorcas, Pamphila viator, Samia Columbia and
other desirable species offered in exchange for Lycawnidz and Hesperidx of
N, A. from original collectors, Full data and first-class specimens required.—
Wo. W. Newcoms, M.D., 34 Mt. Vernon Ave., Detroit, Mich.
FINE MOTHS, live cocoons, butterflies, leaf insects, walking sticks, beetles,
etc., from Assam, Darjeeling, Ceylon, and Andaman Is., also birds’ eggs (central
blown) and orchids can be had from A. MErIk, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta.
WANTED.—Pupzx of American Silk Moths, American Coleoptera (especially
Silphida and Coccinellidz), in exchange for British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera
(many local species).—Geo, B. Warsu, 6 Lancaster Road, Linthorpe, Middles-
brough, England. ;
LEPIDOPTERA. —Hepialida and specimens from high altitudes wanted ; cash
or exchange.—WILLIAM PLACE, JR., 13 Parkis Ave., Providence, Rhode Island.
ENTOMOLOGICAL and geological publications in exchange for other works on
insects ; lists furnished..—E. S. TuckrR, Box 208, Dallas, Texas.
HemirTerA (Homoptera and Heteroptera) and Diptera of Hungary in
exchange for those of all other parts of the world.—Rosert MEUSsEL, Janos-
puszta bei Szokolya, Hont-megye, Hungary.
.
st BY
~ ¥
‘on a>
Exotic Lepidoptera. —
ERNEST SWINHOE, 6 Sunterstone R¢- London, Eng.
Catalogue No, 19, for 1910 (ps2) Mailed Free on Demand,
The only dealer’s list giving authors’ names throughout,
Explanatory Catalogue, with descriptions of over 300 species, 12 cents.
FINE SERIES OF
MIMICRY AND SEASONAL DIMORPHISM.
1000 Pin-Labels, Twenty Cents.
Printed from smallest type made, on heavy white paper. Anything
wanted (blank lines free) on white paper only ; no border. About 30 all
alike ona strip. No trimming ; one cut makes alabel. Orders must be
in multiples of 1,000, and for not less than 1,000 of each label. Coloured,
gummed and special labels furnished in quantities of 1,500 square inches
($4.00). Send P. O. money orders, no stamps, (cheques toc. extra).
Cc. V. BLACKBURN, 32 Chestnut St., STONEHAM, MASS.
N.B.—Labels are limited to 25 letters; each additional letter one cent per M. extra.
SUBERIT , *“warentac."
Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Etec.
In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard
spots ; price 25 cents per square foot.
Sheet Cork, 12x 4 x 3/16 in., 25 cents per square foot.
Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand.
The above prices include postage.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario,
ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.
aT eR OL I AGUA EMT ELS ies crass faysione ks =»: a; «iar ietedatere te ol) oY arcs bom (see a ak ere ea $1 co
For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States.............. I 00
OREN SHdetabedViembGES CISC WNENE). 40). <;5(2's)e. a) bac cinina! -'s)0/s's ape big wicaisre beak alors eee res
The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year.
ADVERTISING RATES: Payable Strictly in Advance.
For each insertion, per inch, 75c. For six montks or over, 60c. per month.
YEARLY CONTRACTS :
yamine s/n ie See a $600 e. half) pace? ail cite ee ih sears $18 00
WO GAREM PAS Ch. | .ahiblee niehe ot OLOO! a Wihole page tas Ae ieeink ) vers 30 00
“SNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
7
L
af
The wae -Scheerer Company
New York,U.S.A.,
225-233
Fourth Ave.
Department of
Natural Science.
G. Lagat, Ph. D.
Paris Pan-American
Exposition Exposition:
Eight Awards Gold
and Medals. Medal.
Pholus vitis.
St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal.
Entomological Supplies and Specimens.
North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition.
Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora-
tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different
orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating
insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses
of insects.
We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes,
Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, ete.
Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues
and circulars free on application. Rare insects
bought and sold.
New Arrivals: Cuban Lepidoptera, Dynastes hercules, Lepisesia flavofasciata,
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO,,
55 Stuyvesant Ave., near DeKalb Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y. )
Price List of Lepidoptera No. 6, Classification according to Smith's
List, 190}. ;
ao — Price List of Coleoptera No. 2.
- Complete new List of Entomological Supplies,
List of School requisites, Collections, Mimicry, Dimorphism, Polymorphism, |
Biological specimens and materials, etc.
Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the ;
new improved Metal Cabinet for holding them; Insect Cabinets 4
and Exhibition Cases. ?
m ¢
The Am. Ent, Co.'s Insect Pins, which are now adopted by the most } ;
prominent Entomologists. Elbow Pins in various styles, -
- - - - — ' — : aN
Price List 10 cents (requests for List without remittance will receive no “
attention) ; mailed free to our patrons,
All previous lists cancelled,
Canadian Gutomologt
VOLUME XLITE: A
No. 3:
CONTENTS.
Yothers—Notes: on: .Lixus marginatusi(plate). ..5 Fn ts in See we ee bee 69
The James Fletcher Memorial Fund........................ No os Bo ae ae 7I
Cockerell—A new wax-scale from the Argentine.................... ares 25 74
Entomological collections of the late Dr, Fletcher... 76
Taylor—New species of Eupithecia from eastern America. of 77
Kirkaldy—Note on Mr. Jackson's synopsis of the genus Pomphiaaec: . 83
Taylor- -Some new species of Mesoleuca. . . 85
Rohwer—Notes on Tenthredinoidea— Paper IX. 88
Rugeles—T he Larch Saw-fly.in Minnesota........22 00. 2sss 23s tee ete ee 93
Twenty-second meeting of the Amer. Pre of Aponoie Egionicloetes: 94
Cockle—Syntomid moths with bananas...... SAS cy COE Ee ustors os . 95
Bethune-Baker— Another appeal for Everes comyntas and amy tala aan Ant 96
EDITED BY
DR. E. M. WALKER,
BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT,
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO.
Editor Emeritus : REV.-GsJ; S-BETHUNE.
MARCH, 1910.
LONDON :
LONDON nS AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1910.
’
HLNRCHANGES.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column, Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
SCARAB4#IDA AND CERAMBYCID® wanted in exchange for local Hymenoptera
and Odonata (mounted).—J. A. MUNRO, 466 Pape Ave., Toronto.
LerPipoOPpTERA FOR EXCHANGE.—Ampel. versicolor, Sphinx sequoia, Calios.
calleta, Hemileuca electra, Papaipema cerina and marginidens, Pawctes oculatrix,
Eutelia pulcherrima, Catocala blandula, faustina, irene, alabama, etc.—JOSEF
MATTES, 733 Lexington Ave., New York.
BOREAL LepipopTERA Wanted.—1I wish to obtain, in exchange or for
cash, Lepidoptera from Labrador, Alaska, Yukon and other northern parts of
America ; also the addresses of any persons competent to collect specimens in
those regions.—A. L. Tourcnot, Rue Ste. Héloise, St. Hyacinthe, P. Q.
EvROPEAN COLEOPTERA.—Carabus nemoralis, intricatus, arvensis, auratus,
auronitens, purpurascens, monilis, etc., offered in exchange for North American
Coleoptera.—A. Ducnaussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferieure, France.
Wantep.—Caterpillars, especially of exotic families, or named Micro-
lepidoptera. Specimens in alcohol preferred.—Wsa. T. M. Forses, Clark
University, Worcester, Mass.
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BACK NUMBERS WANTED for cash or exchange. —
Any numbers of Volumes 29 (1897), 30 (1898), 31 (1899); also the April number
of Vol. 34 (1902).—-ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Canada.
WANTED, in exchange, perfect specimens of the genus Parasemia, Apantesis
and allied groups, Pieridz and Catocala. Also eggs of Catocala for cash or
exchange. List of duplicates wi// be sent on application. —M. ROTHKE,
835 Mathew Ave., Scranton, Pa.
COLEOPTERA,—Cicindela blanda, nigrior, togata, rufiventris, gratiosa;
Chlzenius angustus, and many other rare beetles to exchange for species not in
my collection. Lists of duplicates exchanged.—H. P. LODING, 90 Palmetto St.,
Mobile, Ala.
Samia COLUMBIA cocoons wanted for important experimental work. Euro-
pean material given in exchange. Anyone who can assist will please communi-
cate with J. W. H. Harrison, 181 Abingdon Road, Middlesbro’, England.
LepipopTerRA.—Chrysophanus dorcas, Pamphila viator, Samia Columbia and
other desirable species offered in exchange for Lycawnidw and Hesperidx of
N. A. from original collectors. Full data and first-class specimens required.—
Wm. W. Newcoms, M.D., 34 Mt. Vernon Ave., Detroit, Mich.
FINE MOTHS, live cocoons, butterflies, leaf insects, walking sticks, beetles,
etc., from Assam, Darjeeling, Ceylon, and Andaman Is., also birds’ eggs (central
blown) and orchids can be had from A. Merk, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta,
WantTep,—Pupx of American Silk Moths, American Coleoptera (especially
Silpside and Coccinellida), in exchange for British Lepidoptera and Co era
(many local species). —Gro. B. Wats, 6 Lancaster Road, Linthorpe, Middles-
brough, England.
LepipopTera,— Hepialidz and specimens from high altitudes wanted ; cash
or exchange.—WILLIAM PLace, JR., 13 Parkis Ave., Providence, Rhode Island.
HeEMIPTERA (Homoptera ‘and Heteroptera) and Diptera of Hungary in
exchange for those of all other parts of the world.—-Ronert Meuse, Janos-
puszta bei Szokolya, Hont-megye, Hungary.
Exotic Lepidoptera.
ERNEST SWINHOE, §,Suterstene Ra. | ondon, Eng.
Catalogue No. 19, for (910 (p22) Mailed Free on Demand.
The only dealer's list giving authors’ names throughout,
Explanatory Catalogue, with descriptions of over 300 species, 12 cents.
FINE SERIES OF
MIMICRY AND SEASONAL DIMORPHISM.
1000 Pin-Labels, Twenty Cents
Printed from smallest type made, on heavy white paper. Anything
wanted (blank lines free) on white paper only ; no border. About go all
alike ona strip. No trimming; one cut makes alabel. Orders must be
in multiples of 1,000, and for not less than 1,000 of each label. Coloured,
gummed and special labels furnished in quantities of 1,500 square inches
($4.00). Send P. O. money orders, no stamps (cheques 10c, extra).
C. V. BLACKBURN, 32 Chestnut St., STONEHAM, MASS.
N.B.—Labels are limited to 25 letters; each additional letter one cent per M. extra,
SUBERIT,, *wixSEhENT
Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete.
In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard
spots ; price 25 cents per square foot.
Sheet Cork, 12x 4 x 3/16 in., 25 cents per square foot.
Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand.
The above prices include postage.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario,
ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.
Hicren@inc WLR VaVECHIMDCES ast sao srt cc vie’ g oretolets Mine Pe wreleue aos Sate sR nivnal eres ar oye Sera $1 00
For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States... ....... .. F 00
For Associate Members elsewhere........ 2... 2-65 eset cece ee eee eee = Abas
The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year.
ADVERTISING RATHS: Payable Strictly in Advance.
For each insertion, per inch, 75c. For six monts or over, 60c. pes month.
YEARLY CONTRACTS :
rmecinches 52 asa fe eee Goo la pase. so cencth a ts ee eS $18 00
MOuarter—pape. -= 22.3 x. So 102005 Whole pages yon sgcrte) Anon ee 30 00
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
The Kny-Scheerer Company
SR SIE
Department of Foe Fee: - New York,U,S.A.,
Natural Science. 4-410 W. 27th St.,
G. Lacat, Ph D Ninth Ave.
Paris Pan-American
Exposition Exposition:
Eight Awards Gold
and Medals. Medal.
Pholus vitis.
St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal.
Entomological Supplies and Specimens.
North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition,
Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora-
tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different
orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating
insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses
of insects.
We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes,
Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc.
Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues
and circulars free on application. Rare insects
bought and sold.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL 6O.,
55 Stuyvesant Ave., near DeKalb Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Price List of Lepidoptera No. 6, Classification according to Smith’s
List, 190}.
Price List of Coleoptera No. 2.
Comalete new List of Entomological Supplies.
List of School requisites, Collections, Mimicry, Dimorphism, Polymorphism,
Biological specimens and materials, etc.
Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the
new improved Metal Cabinet for holding them; Insect Cabinets
and Exhibition Cases.
The Am. Ent. Co.'s Insect Pins, which are now adopted by the most
prominent Entomologists. Etbow Pins in various styles,
Price List 10 cents (requests for List without remittance will receive no
attention) ; mailed free to our patrons, ,
All previous lists cancelled, e
Che
Canadian Entomologist
Ag GS et BGs i ae, Se a Ce
No. 4.
CONTENTS. %
Bueno Georee: Wanissbarkalayr. meee ok haces Saale Sate te races
Aldrich—A Decennial Confession...........00. cen cece ee cette eee cece eens
Grvenicher—Wiasconsiny Bees Get eras ste ee oc ees, dele soa oes
Dietz —GorcechOu pines ruses. sede Stet one eee Swi so oe Fabes Fle
Casey—Synonymical and other notes on Coleoptera ..................-.....
Casey—New species of Balanini, Tychiini and related tribes ... ............
Gibson—Notes on the larva of Thymelicus garita...........0 0-0... . cee.
Bueno and Engelhardt—Heteroptera from Virginia and North Carolina....
Book Notice—Redi’s Experiments on the Generation of Insects .............
EDITED BY
DR. E. M. WALKER,
BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT,
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO.
Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE.
APRIL, 1910.
LONDON :
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1910.
“*
:
‘is
EXCHANGES.
Subscribers ave invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines
are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.
; a - - - —- —_—__——
SCARAB-EID® AND CERAMBYCID.® wanted in exchange for local Hymenoptera
and Odonata (mounted),—J. A. Munro, 466 Pape Ave., Toronto.
LeripOPTeRA FOR EXCHANGE.—Ampel. versicolor, Sphinx sequoia, Callos. -
calleta, Hemileuca electra, Papaipema cerina and marginidens, Pactes oculatrix,
Eutelia pulcherrima, Catocala blandula, faustira, irene, alabama, etc.—JOSEF
MATTES, 733 Lexington Ave., New York.
BOREAL LepipopTERA Wanted.—I wish to obtain, in exchange or for 4
cash, Lepidoptera from Labrador, Alaska, Yukon and other northern parts of
America ; also the addresses of any persons competent to collect specimens in
those regions.—A. L. Tourcnot, Rue Ste. Héloise, St. Hyacinthe, P. Q.
Evrorean CoLeorrera.—Carabus nemoralis, intricatus, arvensis, auratus, '
auronitens, purpurascens, monilis, etc., offered in exchange for North American
Coleoptera.—A,. Ducuaussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferieure, France.
Wantep.—Caterpillars, especially of exotic families, or named Micro-
lepidoptera. Specimens in alcohol preferred.—Wma. T. M. Fores, Clark
University, Worcester, Mass.
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BACK NUMBERS WANTED for cash or exchange. —
Any numbers of Volumes 29 (1897), 30 (1898), 31 (1899); also the April number
of Vol. 34 (1902). —ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OnTARIO, Guelph, Canada.
WANTED, in exchange, perfect specimens of the genus Parasemia, Apantesis
and allied groups, Pierida and Catocala. Also eggs of Catocala for cash or
exchange. List of duplicates wi// be sent on application.—M. RorTuKe,
“ Ave., Scranton, Pa.
RA.—-Cicindela blanda, nigrior, togata, rufiventris, gratiosa;
S angusius, and many other rare beetles to exchange for species not in
7 ollectior 3, Lists of duplicates exchanged.—-H. P. LopDING, go Palmetto St.,
obile, Ala.
_ SAMIA CoLuseia cocoons wanted for important experimental work. Euro-
& pean material given in exchange. Anyone who can assist will please communi- Gj
cate with J. W. H. Harrison, 181 Abingdon Road, Middlesbro’, England.
Leripoptera.—Chrysophanus dorcas, Pamphila viator, Samia Columbia and
FINE MOTHS, live cocoons, butterflies, leaf insects, walking sticks, beetles,
etc., from Assam, Darjeeling, Ceylon, and Andaman Is., also birds’ eggs (central
blown) and orchids can be had from A. Meik, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta.
WantTeD —Pupx of American Silk Moths, American Coleoptera (especially
Silpsidw and Coccinellidz), in exchange for British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera
(many local species). —Gro. B. Watsu, 6 Lancaster Road, Linthorpe, Middles-
brough, England.
LepripopTera.— Hepialida and specimens from high altitudes wanted ; cash
or exchange.— WILLIAM PLack, JR., 13 Parkis Ave., Providence, Rhode Island.
Hemiptera (Homoptera and Heteroptera) and Diptera of Hungary in
exchange for those of all other parts of the world.—-Ropert Meuse, Janos-
puszta bei Szokolya, Hont-megye, Hungary.
é
Exotic Lepidoptera.
ERNEST SWINHOE, 6 Suntecstone Re. London, Eng.
Catalogue No. 19, for (910 (paces) Mailed Free on Demand,
The only dealer's list giving authors’ names throughout,
Explanatory Catalogue, with descriptions of over 300 species, 12 cents.
FINE SERIES OF
MIMICRY AND SEASONAL DIMORPHISM.
Coleoptera and Lepidoptera
op CBs * 5-4
A collection of approximately forty-eight thousand specimens of insects, compris-
ing mostly Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from the United States of North America.
Along with the entomological collection there goes (as a gift) over twelve
hundred specimens of skins and mounted birds from North America. For
further particulars, address
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Academy of Natural Sciences,
LOGAN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA., U. S. A.
SUBERIT, “ie”
y MATERIAL,
Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete.
In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard
spots ; price 25 cents per square foot.
Sheet Cork, 12x 4 x 3/16 in., 25 cents per square foot.
Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand.
The above prices include postage.”
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario,
ANNUAL FERS OF MEMBERSHIP.
BG ROR GUA yA CMA DENG mints). Shacece aio roc ocnce trcetar ene ear eiess our siniawtnahd thelalers titted tae soe $1 oo
For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States.............. I 00
Bor Associate: Wem bers: clISCwhere:s «:oale-cec.caestespcbei wns = eiertle c wn wavein = picts eels ahejeree 1 25
The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year.
ADVERTISING RATES: Payable Strictly in Advance.
For each insertion, per inch, 75c. | For six montks or over, 60c. per month.
YEARLY CONTRACTS :
Orie Sine eterno ee ee es os $i.6> 002s Halft pare oa ike ote cc tet ee $18 00
Quarter page ccnp ke aa: LOUOO.) AU WVNOlE “pame wats eine ce a eat 30 00
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
ee
The sat -Scheerer Company
New York. U.S.A,,
44-410 W. 27th St.,
Department of
a il Science
. Laeat, Ph D. Ninth Ave.
Paris Pan-American
Exposition Exposition:
Eight Awards Gold
and Medals. Medal.
Pholus vitis.
St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal.
Entomological Supplies and Specimens.
North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition,
Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora-
tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different
: orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating
insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses mu
of insects,
We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes,
Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc.
Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues
and circulars free on application, Rare insects
bought and sold.
SS Ew oer, eee
AMERIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL GO,,
55 Stuyvesant Ave., near DeKalb Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Price List of Lepidoptera No. 6. Classification according to Smith's
List, 1903.
Price List of Coleoptera No. 2.
Complete new List of Entomological Supplies.
List of School requisites, Collections, Mimicry, Dimorphism, Polymorphism,
Biological specimens and materials, etc.
Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the |
new improved Metal Cabinet for holding them ; Insect Cabinets
and Exhibition Cases,
The Am. Ent. Co.'s Insect Pins, which are” now adopted by the most
prominent Entomologists. Etbow Pins in various styles,
| Price List 10 cents (requests for List without remittance will receive no
attention) ; mailed free to our patrons,
All previous lists cancelled,
|
|
i]
}
Weel ME