CANOTIA
VOLUME 10

Vegetation and Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Maricopa County, Arizona

Steve Jones and Chelsey Hull 1

New Records for the Flora of Arizona

Walter Fertig 35

December 2014
Vascular Plant Herbarium
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University

CANOTIA

Editor: Leslie R. Landrum
P. O. Box 874501
School of Life Sciences
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287-4501
(les.landrum@asu.edu)

Associate Editor: Orbelia R. Robinson
Botany Department
California Academy of Sciences
875 Howard Street
San Francisco, CA 94103-3009
(orobinson @ calacademy.org)

Production Editor: Shannon C. Doan
College of Letters and Sciences
Arizona State University
7001 E. Williams Field Road
Mesa, AZ 85212
(sdoan@asu.edu)

LuESTHERlMERTZ

LIBRARY

DEC 2 3 2014

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

Printed copies of this issue are being made possible through a
grant from the Arizona Native Plant Society. An introduction to the
Vascular Plants of Arizona project can be found in Canotia volume 1, issue 1.

Canotia publishes botanical and mycological papers related to Arizona. These may include
contributions to the Vascular Plants of Arizona project, checklists, local floras, new records for Arizona
and ecological studies. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed by specialists. Acceptance for publication will
be at the discretion of the editor. At least 30 printed copies of each issue are distributed to libraries in the
United States, Europe, and Latin America. Anyone may download copies free of charge at

http://www.canotia.org.

Canotia is named for Canotia holacantha Torr. (Celastraceae), a spiny shrub or small tree nearly
endemic to Arizona. Illustration by Alandon Joe.

ISSN 1931-3616

hbnyork

^OTAWOAl

Vegetation and Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve,

Maricopa County, Arizona

Steve Jones and Chelsey Hull

McDowell Sonoran Conservancy
16345 N. Scottsdale Rd.

Suite 1 10

Scottsdale, AZ S5254
Abstract

This study is part of an effort to establish a baseline assessment of the biotic
condition of the City of Scottsdale’s McDowell Sonoran Preserve. The study area
is in northeastern Scottsdale and includes the McDowell Mountain range and areas
to the north of the range. In total, 379 taxa in 61 families were identified between
February 201 1 and September 2013, The McDowell Sonoran Conservancy's Field
Institute trained volunteer citizen scientists to participate in collecting specimens
for the study. Seedbank samples were collected and cultivated in a greenhouse to
simulate a wet spring season. Plant families with the largest presence in the
preserve include Asteraceae (65 taxa), Poaceae (49), Fabaceae (19), Boraginaeeae
(22), and Cactaceae (17). Major biotic communities were identified and described.

Introduction

In 1995 and 2004, the citizens of the City of Scottsdale approved taxation
mechanisms for funding the purchase of the McDowell Mountains and surrounding
lands. As the land was assembled, the City designated it the McDowell Sonoran
Preserve (MSP). Assemblage of the preserve is ongoing. This study is part of a larger
baseline assessment of the biotic condition of the MSP, and of land under consideration
for addition to the MSP. Assessments of arthropods, reptiles, birds and mammals were
undertaken at roughly the same time. The studies were organized under the auspices
of the McDowell Sonoran Field Institute (MSFI), the research center of the McDowell
Sonoran Conservancy (MSC). These studies were cooperative efforts between the City
of Scottsdale, the MSC and a number of local research and educational institutions. All
of the studies utilized volunteer help from the large group of stewards organized and
trained by the MSC and scientific partners. This study also included two student interns
employed by the MSC. An Arizona State University student, Brenton Scott,
participated in collecting the first year and mounted specimens at Arizona State
University Herbarium (ASU). A Scottsdale Community College student, Chelsey Hull,
participated in collecting throughout the study, mounted specimens at the Desert
Botanical Garden Herbarium (DES), maintained the seed bank study, and is the second
author of this paper.

Vegetation and Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Maricopa County, Arizona. CANOTIA 10:1-
34. 2014. ©S. Jones and C. Hull.

2

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Study Area

Overview — The study area (Fig. 1) includes land already acquired by the City
of Scottsdale and land designated for future acquisition from the Arizona State Land
Department. As of 2013 the City owns 1 1,250 hectares (27,800 acres). The goal of
the city is to preserve approximately 13,760 hectares (34,000 acres) in total, which
amounts to about 25% of the city's land area. The current and planned MSP lands fall
entirely within the rectangular area between 33.59N to 33.82N and 111.76W to
1 1 1.93W. A 260 hectare (640 acre) section of land in the northwestern portion of the
study area was privately held and developed prior to formation of the MSP. A small
site for communications relay equipment on Thompson Peak is not included in the
MSP. Elevations in the MSP range from 515 meters (1690 feet) southwest of the Lost
Dog Wash access area to 1237 meters (4059 feet) at East End.

Geomorphology, geology and soils — The MSP is located at the northeastern
limit of the Basin and Range Province of southern and western Arizona, near its
boundary with the Central Mountain Province (Nations and Stump 1981). The southern
MSP includes the McDowell Mountain range and material eroding from it; the northern
MSP is a portion of the larger Pinnacle Peak Pediment that extends to the northwest,
west and east of the MSP (Fig. 2A). The oldest rocks are exposed in the mountain
range, and consist of Proterozoic metamorphic quartzites, andesites and rhyolites with
minor volcanic material. Granitic magma intruded these rocks about 1 .4 billion years
ago. This material makes up the granite exposures in the northeast range, and also most
of the Pinnacle Peak Pediment to the north (Skotnicki 1996). All this material was
exposed by erosion after a regional uplift between 38 and 33 million years ago (Doom
and Pewe 1991). Late Tertiary volcanic activity between 22 and 13 million years ago
produced basaltic and tuffaceous flows atop a portion of the Pinnacle Peak Pediment,
remnants of which make up Brown’s Mountain, a conspicuous ridge northeast of it,
and the core of Cone Mountain (Doom & Pewe 1991). The McDowell Mountain range
formed by block faulting during the Basin and Range Disturbance between 15 and 12
million years ago (Nations and Stump 1981).

Camp (1986) noted two general soil types for the MSP area. On the higher and
middle slopes are Gran-rock outcrop-Lehmans soils: very shallow to shallow soils,
well-drained alluvium and colluvium. The surface is very gravelly and loamy; subsoils
are very gravelly and clayey. On the lower slopes surrounding the range and on the
Pinnacle Peak Pediment are Eba-Pinaleno soils: deeper, well-drained alluvium. The
surface is very gravelly and loamy; subsoils are very gravelly and loamy or clayey.

Climate — Central Arizona’s climate regime includes two rainy seasons with
intervening dry periods. The winter-spring rainy period (December-March) is driven
by intermittent flows of moist air from the Pacific Ocean. April through June is
generally very dry; June can be quite hot. The second rainy season runs from late June
to mid-September; unsettled moist, tropical air from the south produces afternoon and
evening thundershowers and occasionally heavy thunderstorms. October through
December is usually dry, though remnants of Pacific hurricanes occasionally produce
heavy rains (Dimmitt 2000).

The Flood Control District of Maricopa County maintains four weather stations
and nine functional rain gauges in or near the MSP. The average yearly temperature

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

3

among the four stations from 2001 through 2012 was 71°F with a range between 17°F
and 1 18°F. The average precipitation for the nine rain gauges between 2001 and 2013
was 9. 1 inches across the preserve. Rainfall amounts were higher in the northern area
than the southern area, as represented by 1991-2010 averages of 11.9 inches at
Fraesfield Mountain in the north and 7.6 inches at Lost Dog Wash in the south (Flood
Control District of Maricopa County 2013). Through the course of the study, rainfall
at all stations was about 2/3 of average in 2011, about 1/3 of average in 2012, and
slightly above average in 2013.

Vegetation — The vegetation in the MSP primarily consists of desert scrubland
dominated by small, spreading trees, shrubs of various sizes, and cacti. The MSP falls
entirely within the area mapped by Brown and Lowe (1982) as the Arizona Upland
subdivision of the Sonoran desertscrub. Numerous plant associations have been noted
in the MSP, but three associations account for the majority of the area. Ambrosia
deltoidea-Parkinsonia microphylla-mixed scrub prevails across most slopes of the
mountain range and across the bajada in the southern preserve, and on the western
portion of the Pinnacle Peak Pediment in the northern preserve. Carnegiea gigantea,
Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa, Encelia farinosa, and Olneya tesota are common
members of this community. On higher elevation, eastern portions of the Pinnacle Peak
Pediment, Ericameria laricifolia generally replaces A. deltoidea as the dominant shrub.
The mixed scrub component here includes more species — Acacia greggii, Bahiopsis
parishii. Ephedra aspera, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Eriogonum wrightii, Lotus rigidus,
Lycium exsertum, Yucca baccata and others. The third common association is
Simmondsia chinensis- mixed scrub. It is common on north-facing slopes in the
mountain range, on the northern bajada, and in two large portions of the northern MSP.

South of Cholla Mountain is an area following a geological fault line
characterized by heavy development of caliche (see Fig. 1). The area is also
characterized by numerous large specimens of Canotia holacantha (Fig. 2C). The most
common species here are similar to those listed in the Lime Creek area 1 5 miles to the
northeast by Goldman and Ward (2010). Though the areas are unlikely to be
geologically related, both have high levels of calcium carbonate in the soil.

Disturbances — Two major lightning-caused fires heavily affected the
vegetation of the MSP in recent history. In 1992, the Granite fire burned approximately
2000 acres between the power lines from the Navajo generating station and the Alma
School Road alignment, from the Brown’s Mountain area south to the Jomax Road
alignment. In 1995, the Rio fire burned about 5000 acres of the MSP from Fraesfield
Mountain south to Windgate Pass north of McDowell Peak, including the East End and
Tom’s Thumb areas.

A human-caused fire passed through the northwestern comer of the study area
outside of the MSP in 1992. Another human-caused fire in the Lost Dog Wash area,
known as the Ancala fire, occurred in 1993. Approximately 250 acres burned,
principally in Lost Dog Wash and on the east-facing slope to the west.

Cultural history — Fluman utilization of resources in the area including the MSP
was likely transitory from the Paleo-Indian period through the Early and Middle
Archaic periods. Late Archaic period (ca. 1500 BCE-150 CE) remains are relatively
abundant in the upland areas including the McDowell Mountains, while they are absent
from the lower reaches of the Phoenix Basin (Wright 2002). Plant and animal resources

4

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

are likely to have been more diverse in the upland than in the basin, as they are today.
Natural springs and raw materials for tools from geological sources also made the area
attractive.

Hohokam culture made substantial use of resources in the McDowell
Mountains and surrounding area. Evidence of all periods of Hohokam culture exists in
the MSP. There is little evidence of plant cultivation within the MSP. However, in
1994 Wendy Hodgson collected a specimen from a single clonal group of Agave
murpheyi east of McDowell Peak ( Hodgson 8102 , ASU and DES) (Fig. 2B). This
species is uniquely associated with pre-Columbian cultivation, and is not found in
natural vegetation per se (Hodgson 2001).

After the collapse of the Hohokam culture, Yavapai people occupied the area
as hunter-gatherers, in a similar manner as the Late Archaic people (Wright 2002).
They established temporary resource procurement and food processing sites, some of
them on former Hohokam facilities. In the case of the Brown’s Ranch rock shelter site
in the MSP, a continuous record of use has been traced from the Late Archaic through
the Yavapai people, from ca. 1500 BCE to the 1860s CE.

Euro-American settlement began in the 1 860s. Mining and ranching were the
primary draws to the area. These activities disrupted the Yavapai’s access to water
sources and other resources. Some Yavapai took up raiding as a means of
compensating themselves for the loss. As a result, a US Army site, Camp McDowell,
was established in 1865 along the Verde River to the east of the modem MSP. After
the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Reservation (now the Fort McDowell Yavapai
Nation) was established in 1904, mining and ranching began in earnest (Wright 2002).

Several ranches operated in and near what is now the MSP. Edwin (E. O.)
Brown, who also owned the nearby DC Ranch, operated Brown’s Ranch northeast of
Brown's Mountain beginning as early as 1916. Many of the structures developed there
remain today. Miguel Ochoa established a ranch site in a canyon southwest of the
current Tom’s Thumb trailhead in 1919, receiving a patent for the land in 1924. The
Ochoa land later became part of William W. Moore’s X2 Ranch. The remnant
structures in the area include a well and cistern in the canyon, with irrigation pipe
leading northeast to at least two other cattle watering stations on X2 Ranch land, and
now within the MSP (Jones 2012).

Windmill Pasture, with a well and other ranching facilities, is in the MSP near
the eastern boundary. It was developed as a part of the Pemberton Ranch centered in
what is now the McDowell Mountain Regional Park.

As the Phoenix metropolitan area developed, the area was increasingly
utilized for recreational activities, from hiking and horseback riding to hunting to
motorcycle riding. These activities established many informal trails in the northern
area. The City of Scottsdale is incorporating some of these into a new trail system,
and is closing most others. Bird hunting was a popular activity as evidenced by the
near-ubiquitous shotgun hulls well-distributed across the northern preserve.

Methods

Taxonomic scope — Collections were limited to vascular plants. Most
specimens were identified using Arizona Flora (Kearney & Peebles 1960). Many taxa

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

5

were identified or confirmed using updates and revisions from the Vascular Plants of
Arizona (VP A) Project (Vascular Plants of Arizona Editorial Committee 1992+). The
Flora of North America (FNA) Project was used for the families treated therein (Flora
of North America Editorial Committee 1993+). Native status was determined for each
species using the United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS database (USDA
2013). Nomenclature follows the VPA Project and FNA Project; for taxa not covered
by either treatment, USDA PLANTS was used.

Herbarium search — A search of local herbaria for material collected within the
boundaries of the preserve was greatly facilitated by the Southwestern Environmental
Information Network (SEINet). SEINet includes an internet-searchable database of
collections in herbaria in much of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
A search for catalogued specimens from within a geographic area including the
preserve (33.59N to 33.79N and 1 1 1.76W to 1 1 1.86W) resulted in a list of 209 taxa.
Meredith Lane collected most of them in the mid-1970s from the McDowell Mountain
Regional Park, a Maricopa County park immediately adjacent to the preserve to the
east (see Lane 1981).

A more directed search for locations within the MSP resulted in 22 specimens,
all in ASU, with a few duplicates in DES or the University of California at Riverside
(UCR) herbarium. These are listed in Appendix A.

Collection methods — One goal of the MSFI was to involve interested members
of the large group of volunteer MSC stewards in the studies. For this study, eighteen
stewards were trained in plant collection methods. Six of these and the two interns
were given further training in data-collection procedures and were designated “lead
collectors.” They were responsible for noting the location of each collection including
global positioning system (GPS) information on coordinates and elevation, descriptions
of the plants collected, listing known species at the collection location, date, and names
of other team members. GPS units were set to WGS94 map datum, decimal format for
coordinates, and metric elevation settings.

Nearly 100 collecting trips were made over the course of the study from
February 201 1 through September 2013. Most were individual or small group efforts,
but MSC organized seven biweekly outings between February and May 201 1 utilizing
the existing trail system, during which lead collectors and volunteer stewards surveyed
all public trails within the preserve. Most of the specimens were collected during this
season.

SEINet provided another valuable tool used in the study: the ability to produce
and maintain checklists. Several were developed through the course of the study. One
checklist tracked taxa as they were collected and identified. Checklists of uncollected
spring ephemerals and summer ephemerals served as “lookout lists” in season. MSC
stewards and interns were provided with training in the use of the SEINet resources.

Collections were taken by permit only from land owned by the City of
Scottsdale. A restriction on collecting plants from populations with fewer than 20
individuals affected nine taxa; these were photo - vouchered . No specimens were taken
from Arizona State Trust lands in the study area or from land outside of the study area.

Material was pressed and dried using standard equipment and procedures
(Harrington 1957). Vouchers were distributed to ASU and DES where they were
mounted and deposited in their collections. Material collected by the steward lead

6

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

collectors was sent to DES. Material collected by the student interns and Steve Jones
was sent to ASU. Duplicate material, when available, was distributed by ASU and
DES. Additional material was given to the Scottsdale Community College herbarium.

Greenhouse seed bank methods — After 2 years of surveying the spring flora
in poor rainfall regimes, the McDowell Sonoran Field Institute initiated an effort to
sample the seed bank within the preserve. The seed bank study began in November
20 1 2 and ended in August 2013. The methods were modeled after the seed bank study
for Hummingbird Springs Wilderness (Lund 2011). Use of the Scottsdale Community
College greenhouse (Fig. 2F) permitted controlling the climate to produce optimal
conditions for germination. Soil was collected from 23 sites across the preserve. Some
of these sites were chosen specifically to capture undocumented species noted in
previous years, while others were chosen to account for range in elevation and
microclimate across the preserve.

At each site, three samples were collected. One was taken from a location
exposed to sunlight, another from a sheltered location, and a third from an area of
interest ( e.g . harvester ant trash pile, alongside a boulder, or a wash). Approximately
1 5 cm x 1 5 cm of soil was collected for each sample, taking only the top 2 centimeters.
Each sample was planted in two trays, resulting in six trays per site. Tray size was 17
cm by 12 cm by 5.5 cm deep. A medium (2:1 mix of sterile soil to pumice) was placed
4 cm deep in a sterile tray and the sample soil was spread 1 cm deep over this medium.
In order to control for plants that may have originated in the greenhouse, 1 2 sterile trays
were filled with sterile medium and given the same water, light, and temperature
conditions as the preserve soils. All trays were watered automatically 3 minutes twice
a day to keep soil moist and allow for quick germination. Plants were grown until
mature enough to identify. Specimens new to the preserve species list were allowed to
grow to maturity and were collected, pressed and mounted. Voucher specimens of
collected species are housed in the ASU herbarium.

Results And Discussion

Plant collections — Field collections produced 742 specimens over the 32-
month period of the study from February 201 1 to September 2013. An additional 1 1
specimens were collected and pressed from the greenhouse seed bank trays. In total,
368 species were collected, including 3 interspecific hybrids. Identifiable
characteristics within 8 species yielded an additional 1 1 taxa. Collections represented
237 genera and 61 families (Table 1). Five families accounted for 44% of species.
These were: Asteraceae (64 species in 46 genera), Poaceae (44 species in 28 genera),
Boraginaceae (21 species in 9 genera), Fabaceae (19 species in 12 genera), and
Cactaceae (15 species in 7 genera).

The 8 species with multiple discernible subspecific taxa are Aristida purpurea
(4 varieties), Lycium andersonii (3 varieties), Hordeum murinum (2 varieties), Vulpia
microstachys (2 varieties), Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (2 varieties), Opuntia
engelmannii (2 varieties), Eriogonum fasciculatum (2 varieties) and Cryptantha
pterocarya (2 varieties).

Two cacti are of hybrid origin, Opuntia *curvospina and Cylindropuntia
xtetracantha. Additionally, one putative hybrid plant was found. Ambrosia

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

7

ambrosioides x A. salsola (Fig. 3A). Eriophyid mite galls on the leaves of the plant
(Fig. 3B) suggest its relation to A. ambrosioides ; the mite galls are commonly found
on its leaves. This combination has been reported from three other locations. One
specimen was found in Sabino Canyon, Pima County ( Van Devender 90-47 , ASU; Van
Devender 91-524 and 97-525, AR1Z) and another on the Barry M. Goldwater Military
Range, Maricopa County ( Felger 03- 17 -A, ASU). Baldwin et al. (1996) report a third
from South Mountains (M Buttem’ick and T. Daniel 8874 , CAS); Daniel and
Butterwick (1992) name this specimen as an unidentified Ambrosia , "a hybrid or
aberrant form."

Three species were new records for Maricopa County: All ion ia choisyi,
Astrolepis windhamii , and Portulaca pilosa (Figs. 3C, 3D and 3E). Two others,
Ipomoea hederacea and Portulaca umbraticola , have only otherwise been collected
from the Sonoran Desert National Monument in southern Maricopa County.

Ephemeral plants make up 43% of the species identified. Of these, 130 (35%)
are spring ephemerals, and 30 (8%) are summer ephemerals. Perennials with prolonged
dormancy are not included as ephemerals.

Due to insufficient material in the field, nine species were not collected, though
photo vouchers and location information are posted on the SEINet web site under
general observations. Dudleya saxosa var. col lorn iae was found in three locations on
the higher rocky slopes in quartzite exposures. Marianne Jensen found and
photographed a pair of Sairocarpus nuttallianus plants east of Tom’s Thumb in 2011;
four plants were seen in the same location in 2013. A single occurrence of Cheilanthes
wrightii on the Pinnacle Peak Pediment, one of two specimens of Cynanchum
arizonicum at Lookout Point south of Tom's Thumb, and a pair of fruiting Portulaca
umbraticola along the Tom’s Thumb trail were photo-vouchered as well. Melanie
Tluczek found, geolocated and photographed two taxa of Oenothera ; in April 2013 she
found O. elata ssp. hirsutissima on state land soon to be included in the preserve, and
the following month found O. primiveris along a newly cut trail on the southeast flank
of Brown’s Mountain. A single Helianthus animus was found in the Black Hill Tank
sediments northeast of Fraesfield Mountain in the spring of 2013. It is likely to have
originated from commercial birdseed; the single, immature inflorescence was about 1 0
cm across and the leaves and stem were much larger than the native specimens known
from agricultural areas and washes in the region. In the last week of field work for the
study, a sharp-eyed Liz Makings found and photographed a small group of
Kallstroemia parviflora in a low area along a wash on the northeast slope of Brown's
Mountain. Agave deserti var. simplex is found in the east-central area of the McDowell
Mountain range. Several were geolocated and photographed, but attempts to collect it
in flower were not successful; a SEINet photo voucher is included to document its
presence. In November 2013 a leaf voucher was collected and sent to ASU.

Two additional rarely encountered species, Layia glandu/aria and Loeflingia
squarrosa , are represented by field photographs mounted with labels and housed at
ASU.

No taxa listed as threatened or endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
were encountered in the course of the study.

Herbarium search and collections — In 1967 Don Cates collected 19
specimens from the McDowell Peak area; all were deposited at ASU. Of these,

8

CanotiaVol. 10

2014

Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida was not re-collected in this study.
Duplicates of three of these, and an additional specimen of Plagiobothrys arizonicus ,
are housed at the University of California herbarium (UCR). A specimen of Mentzelia
invo/ucrata was collected in 1975 by R. Smith, south of McDowell Peak (ASU); the
species was not recollected in this study. All ASU material was reviewed.

In 1994, Wendy Hodgson collected Agave murpheyi and Hilaria belangeri east
of McDowell Peak (ASU and DES). Both were confirmed in November 2013 by photo
voucher. In addition, in 1988 Steve Jones collected 18 species in the Brown’s
Mountain area; of these, only Marrubium vulgare was not re-collected. See Appendix
A for the full list of previous collections.

The search of SEINet records of the rectangular area around the preserve
resulted in a list of 209 taxa previously collected. Of these, 17 taxa were not re-
collected. Four of these were associated with stock tanks in the McDowell Mountain
Regional Park.

Greenhouse results uml diseussion — All samples of soil collected from the
preserve contained viable seed. A total of 47 taxa were identified in the study, 8 of
which were new to the preserve checklist as of 2012. Of these, 6 were collected from
the field during the spring 2013 collection season; Conyza canadensis and Jnncus
bufonius were not found in the field. The control group had zero germination indicating
that all collected plants originated in the preserve. The seed bank study was conducted
in hopes of adding plants known to occur in the preserve in more productive rainfall
regime years. This goal was accomplished with the germination and identification of
species such as Daucus pusillus as well as some unexpected species such as Jnncus
bufonius (Fig. 3F).

Crassula connata was rarely seen in the field during the survey, but grew in 26
of the 138 trays planted (19%), occasionally in substantial numbers. Presumably, its
very small size is in part responsible for the lack of field observations. Conditions in
the greenhouse may have been ideal for it as well. In contrast, Pectocarya recurvata
is a ubiquitous spring ephemeral in the MSP, but was completely absent from the
greenhouse trays. Future seed bank studies could be improved or expanded by adding
another season of soil collection as well as varying climate conditions in the greenhouse
or performing various sorts of stratification.

Non-natives — Most species are native to North America, but 30 of the 368
species (8%) are non-natives introduced from other continents (USDA 2013). Of
these, most originated in temperate areas of the Old World, primarily in the
Mediterranean region and southwestern Eurasia. Thirteen non-native species are in
the family Poaceae. Ephemerals make up 27 of the 30 non-native species.

Five species are potentially invasive in the MSP; Brassica toumefortii ,
Centaurea melitensis , Oncosiphon pi lu life rum, Pennisetum ciliare and P. setaceum.
Other non-native taxa are naturalized; they are thoroughly inculcated in the upland
and riparian biotic communities. Ephemerals Bromus rubens , Erodium cicutarium,
Schismus arabicus and S. barbatus are widespread and well-established. Erodium
cicutarium is known to have been present in California before 1769 (Mensing and
Byrne 1998). Bromus rubens was introduced in California in the mid-19th Century
(Salo 2005). The two Schismus species were first reported in the state in 1926 (Van
Devender and Dimmitt 2000).

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

9

Incidental introductions — Three perennial and two ephemeral species were
accidentally or deliberately introduced into the MSP in recent years. North of the
Legend Trails subdivision, two well-established specimens of Opun/ia engelmannii
var. linguiformis are growing near a paved road; they likely originated from stems
dumped as landscaping debris. A single Agave americana is growing near the old well
and cistern in Ochoa Canyon north of Tom's Thumb. Its origin is unknown. Two
Senna artemisioides shrubs are growing in the eastern preserve, one along the East End
trail about Va mile north of Windmill trail; another is growing near the base of Tom’s
Thumb. Their origin is also unknown.

Two ephemeral species of Portulaca were seen along the Tom’s Thumb trail in
the summer of 2012. Portulaca pilosa was collected near the junction with Lookout
Trail, and P. umbraticola was photographed about 0.2 mile northeast of that location.
Both have tiny seeds and were likely introduced from hikers’ clothing or shoes.

Disturbances — The first author has been familiar with the northern preserve for
almost 30 years and observed as the area recovered from the fires of the 1990s. Some
shrub species demonstrated an ability to quickly recover from fire by producing new
shoots from ground-level crowns. This group includes Acacia greggii , Larrea
tridentata , Lycium spp., Quercus turbinella , Simmondsia chinensis, and smaller shrubs
such as Ambrosia spp., Bahiopsis parishii, Ericameria laricifolia , and Eriogonum spp.
Yucca spp. have growth points protected from fire and many survived. In contrast,
most cacti. Ephedra aspera, Fouquieria splendens and Parkinsonia spp. were much
reduced in bum areas. Canotia holacantha were also much reduced, though their prior
presence is memorialized by a curious feature. The wood just beneath the bark
remained unbumed while the inner trunk was hollowed out by fire, leaving numerous
thin-walled, tube-like trunks still standing 20 years after the fires (Fig. 2D).

Peniocereus greggii is the one cactus that survived fire due to its large taproot.
Most of the 35 Peniocereus plants found during the survey are in areas burned in the
1995 Rio fire. The thinning of supporting shrubs left some Peniocereus in the open
and relatively easy to locate (Fig. 2E).

In the area burned by the 1993 Ancala fire, cacti and Parkinsonia microphylla,
common in the surrounding area, were nearly eliminated. Encelia farinosa , present as
a member of the mixed scmb in the surrounding vegetation, quickly filled the area and
dominates the bum area twenty years later, especially the east-facing slope.

Table 1. Taxonomic composition of field and greenhouse collections from the MSP.

Taxonomic group

Families

Genera

Species

Taxa

Lycopodiophyta

1

1

1

1

Pteridophyta

1

5

9

9

Coniferophyta

1

1

1

1

Gnetophyta

1

1

1

1

Magnoliophyta

57

229

356

367

Magnoliopsida

52

194

301

307

Liliopsida

5

35

55

60

Totals

61

237

368

379

10

CanotiaVol. 10

2014

Catalog of the Vascular Plants of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

Taxa arc arranged by phylum, with the phylum Magnoliophyta divided into classes
Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida (see Table 1 ). Subsequent ranks are listed alphabetically. Family names
are taken from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APGIII) classification system (Stevens 2014);
several synonyms are included with direction to the relevant APGIII family.

Annotations for each taxon include scientific name [relevant synonym if any]; common name;
life form; extent of presence in MSP and relative abundance where present; location or other notes;
observ ed elevation or elevation range (in meters) within the MSP; and collector number(s). An asterisk
(*) indicates a species introduced to North America. Common names are generally the first name listed
in each taxon's SEINet entry. Values for extent of presence are: widespread, frequent, local or scarce.
Values for relative abundance are: abundant, common, occasional, uncommon or rare. Collectors are
listed by initials; names and the herbarium in which each collector’s material is deposited are listed in
Appendix B "(G)" appended to a collection number refers to a greenhouse collection. Photos sine
numero (s.n.) are posted in the General Observations collection on SEINet.

LYCOPODIOPHYTA

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella arizonica Maxon. Arizona spikemoss. Lycopod. Widespread, occasional. 584-1 169 m.
SJ1359, JP24.

PTERIDOPHYTA

Pteridaceae

Astrolepis cochisensis (Goodding) Benham & Windham ssp. cochisensis. Cochise scaly cloakfem.
Fern. Local, rare; rocky slopes. 584-592 m. SJ1362.

Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Benham & Windham. Wavy scaly cloakfern. Fern. Scarce, rare;
rocky slopes. 690 m. JP22.

Astrolepis windhamii Benham. Windham's scaly cloakfem. Fern. Scarce, rare; single colony in large
boulder exposure near Cholla power line. New Maricopa County record; out of reported range
and elevation. 747 m. SJ1684, SJ171 1 .

Cheilanthes covillei Maxon. Coville's lipfem. Fern. Widespread, occasional; shady, rocky areas.
690-1 118 m. DG4.

Cheilanthes parn'i (D. C. Eaton) Domin. Parry's lipfem. Fern. Local, rare; shady, rocky areas. 695
m. SJ1614.

Cheilanthes wrightii Hook. Wright's lipfem. Fern. Scarce, rare; large boulder exposure near Cholla
power line. 744 m. SJs.n. (photo).

Notholaena standleyi Maxon. Star cloak fern. Fem. Local, uncommon; shady, rocky areas. 632-686
m. BP 24.

Pellaea tnmeata Goodding. Spiny cliffbrakc. Fem. Widespread, occasional; rocky areas. 854-1090
m. DG20.

Pentagramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Yatsk.. Windham & E. Wollenw. ssp. maxonii (Weath.) Yatsk..
Windham & E. Wollenw. Maxon's goldback fem. Fem. Local, rare; deep shade, Ochoa Canyon
north of Toni's Thumb, Marcus landslide. 854-1000 m. BS6, MJ15.

CONIFEROPHYTA

Cupressaceae

Juniperus arizonica R. P. Adams [J. coahuilensis (Martinez) Gaussen ex R. P. Adams]. Redberry
juniper. Tree. Local, uncommon; scattered individuals in northern preserve. 848-851 m.

SJ144U.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

11

GNETOPHYTA

Ephedraceae

Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S. Watson. [Ephedra fasciculata A. Nelson], Arizona jointfir. Shrub.
Widespread, occasional. 518-1 118 m. SJ1442, BP11.

MAGNOLIOPHYTA — Magnoliopsida

Acanthaceae

Anisacanthus thurberi (Toit.) A. Gray. Thurber's desert honeysuckle. Shrub. Scarce, uncommon;
northern preserve, in and along washes. 799-852 m. BP34.

Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray. Arizona wrightwort. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; rocky
slopes in southern preserve. Brown's Mountain. 709-974 m. CHI 3, LM3939.

Justicia califomica (Benth.) D. Gibson. Beloperone. Shrub. Local, common; rocky slopes, boulder
exposures, also along washes. 504-943 m. BP2, SJ1472.

Justicia longii Hilsenb. [Siphonoglossa longiflora (Torr.) A. Gray] Siphonoglossa. Shrub. Scarce,
rare; single small population. 842 m. DG50.

Amaranthaceae (includes Chenopodiaceae)

*Amaranthus albus L. Prostrate pigweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon; cattle tanks. 738-789 m.
SJ1556.

Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth. ex S. Watson. Fringed amaranth. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon; northern preserve. 736-1 126 m. SJ1559.

Amaranthus torreyi (A. Gray) Benth. ex S. Watson. Torrey's amaranthus. Ephemeral. Scarce,
uncommon; cattle tanks. 736-789 m. SJ1557.

Atrip lex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Fourwing saltbush. Shrub. Local, uncommon; re-vegetation area
near residences on Ringtail Trail; Brown's Mountain. 529-851 m. SJ1590.

At rip lex elegans (Moq.) D. Dietr. var. elegans. Wheelscale saltbush. Ephemeral. Scarce, occasional;
cattle tanks only. 736-789 m. SJ1564.

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. Pitseed goosefoot. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon; cattle tank. 738
m. SJ1635.

Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. Desert goosefoot. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon; Black Hill Tank
sediment northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785-789 m. SJ1558.

Chenopodium watsonii A. Nelson. Watson's goosefoot. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Frazier Spring and
Lookout Point south of Tom's Thumb. 843-1150 m. MJ31, SJ1800.

Monolepis nuttalliana (J. A. Schultes) Greene. Nuttall's povertyweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 590-
605 m. CH42{G), SJ1740.

*Salsola tragus L. Prickly Russian thistle. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; stock tank below Navajo power
line. 736 m. SJ1685.

Tides tromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standi. Woolly tidestromia. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon;
disturbed areas. 782-881 m. SJ1555.

Apiaceae

Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav. Hoary bowlesia. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional; shady areas
throughout preserve. 630-956 m. SJ1394.

Daucus pusillus Michx. American wild carrot. Ephemeral. Widespread, rare; disturbed wash areas,
less common in upland areas. 586-845 m. CH43{G), SJ1739.

Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) J. M. Coult. & Rose var. nevadense. Nevada biscuitroot. Perennial
forb. Scarce, uncommon; restricted to diorite exposure south of Tom's Thumb. 1 137-1 149 m.
SJ1750.

Apocynaceae (includes Ascelpiadaceae)

Asclepias nyctaginifolia A. Gray. Mojave milkweed. Perennial forb. Scarce, uncommon; restricted to
washes. 785-837 m. SJ1511.

Cynanchum arizonicum (A. Gray) Shinners [Metastelma arizonicum A. Gray]. Arizona swallow-wort.
Perennial vine. Scarce, rare; Lookout Point south of Tom's Thumb. 1 155 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

12

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

Matelea parvifolia (Torr.) Woodson. Spearleaf. Perennial vine. Frequent, uncommon; uncommon but
throughout preserve. 742-951 m. SJI430.

Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne. ssp. hartwegii (Vail) R. Holm. [Funastrum cynanchoides (Decne.)
Schltr. ssp. heterophyllum (Engelm. & Torr.) Kartesz], Climbing milkweed. Perennial vine.
Frequent, occasional; usually along washes. 762-800 m. MJ19.

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia watsonii Wooton & Standi. Watson's dutchman’s pipe. Perennial forb. Local,
uncommon; granite boulders. 782-857 m. SJ1625, SJ1656.

Asclepiadaceae, see Apocynaceae

Asteraceae

Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus (Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray) A. Gray var. sphaerocephalus.

Rayless goldenhead. Shrub. Local, occasional; common in burned area south of Fraesfield
Mountain. 751 m. SJ1529.

Acourtia nana (A. Gray) Reveal & King. Dwarf desertpeony. Perennial forb. Local, rare; few
locations, northern preserve. 832-844 m. SJI483.

Acourtia wrightii (A. Gray) Reveal & King. Brownfoot. Perennial forb. Frequent, occasional. 748-
1126 m. DG52.

Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) Strother. San Felipe dogweed. Perennial forb. Frequent,
occasional. 664-1 180 m. SJ1391 , LM3940.

Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne. Canyon ragweed. Perennial forb. Widespread, occasional;
washes and boulder piles. 504— 974 m. SJ1392,JP35.

Ambrosia ambrosioides * A. salsola [Ambrosia ambrosioides x Hymenoclea salsola], Shrub. Scarce,
rare; single plant in large wash along Cholla power line. 728 m. SJ1688, SJ1 767.

Ambrosia confertiflora DC. Slimleaf bursage. Perennial forb. Widespread, abundant; very common
throughout preserve. 723-1153 m. SJ1542.

Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne. Triangle-leaf bursage. Shrub. Widespread, abundant. 504-929
m. BP8.

Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) Payne. Burrobush. Shrub. Scarce, rare; re-vegetation area near
residences. 519-529 m. JM3.

Ambrosia eriocentra (A. Gray) Payne. Hollyleaf bursage. Shrub. Scarce, uncommon; northern
preserve, in washes only. 780—813 m. SJ1492, MJ45.

Ambrosia monogyra (Torr. & A. Gray) Strother & B. G. Baldwin [Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & A.
Gray]. Burrobrush. Shrub. Scarce, uncommon; northern end of Rawhide Wash. 769 m. SJ1731.

Ambrosia salsola (Torr. & A. Gray) Strother & B. G. Baldwin [Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & A. Gray].
Cheesebush. Shrub. Scarce, uncommon; northern preserve. 720-838 m. SJ1639.

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) D. D. Keck. White sagebrush.

Perennial forb. Local, occasional; moist, shady areas. 824-1 135 m. SJ1619, SJ1704.

Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray. Shortleaf baccharis. Shrub. Local, uncommon; along large washes.
725-818 m. SJ1713.

Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Water wally. Shrub. Scarce, rare; Troon outflow area. 747-
782 m. SJ1531, MJ43.

Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray. Desertbroom. Shrub. Local, uncommon; Rawhide Wash and 2
plants in East End. 690-889 m. SJ1523.

Bahiopsis parishii (Greene) E. E. Schilling & Panero [Viguiera parishii Greene], Parish goldeneye.
Shrub. Widespread, common; widespread, occasionally dominant community member. 6 1 2 —

1 170 m. SJ1473.

Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray. Desert marigold. Perennial forb. Local,
uncommon; usually in disturbed areas. 816-1 180 m. DG32.

Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene var. aspera (Benth.) Greene. Sweetbush. Perennial forb. Local,
occasional; large washes in southern preserve. 553-823 m. SJ1538.

Brickellia californica (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray. California brickellbush. Shrub. Scarce, rare; single
population in shade of large boulder. 1 122 m. SJ1499.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

13

Brickellia coulteri A. Gray. Coulter's brickellbush. Shrub. Widespread, uncommon; slopes, washes
and boulder piles. 553-974 m, SJ1471.

*Centaurea melitensis L. Maltese star-thistle. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Dixie Mine. 684 m. CH16.

C'haenactis stevioides Hook. & Am. Pincushion flower. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; northern preserve.
849-866 m. MJ49.

Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray, New Mexico thistle. Biennial forb. Frequent, uncommon;
throughout preserve. 679-1 170 m. DG30, LM3931 .

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Canadian horseweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; from soil sample
collected at Frazier Spring. 786 m. CH s.n.( G).

Dieteria asteroides Torn var. glandulosa (B. L. Turner) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman

[Machaeranthera asteroides (Torr.) Greene var. glandulosa B. L. Turner], Fall tansyaster.
Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Brown's Mountain area. 799 m. BP 36.

Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. war. farinosa. Brittlebush. Shrub. Widespread, occasional; most
common in disturbed, especially burned, areas. 504-1 147 m. JM4.

Encelia virginensis A. Nelson. Virgin River brittlebush. Shrub. Local, occasional; common south of
Fraesfield Mountain. 751-855 m. SJ1530.

Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners [Haplopappus laricifolius Gray]. Turpentine bush. Shrub.
Frequent, common; northern preserve. 612-1 169 m. SJ1595.

Erigeron divergens Torr. & A. Gray. Spreading fleabane. Perennial forb. Local, occasional. 829-
841 m. SJ1429.

Erigeron oreophilus Greenm. Chaparral fleabane. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; north slope in East
End. 982 m. SJ1644.

Eriophyllum lanosum (A. Gray) A. Gray [Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) Rydb.]. Woolly
eriophyllum. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 841 m. SJ1426.

Eriophyllum pringlei A. Gray. Pringle's woolly sunflower. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 612—
840 m. SJ1428.

Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Western marsh cudweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; stock tank below
Cholla power line. 738 m. SJ1633.

Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby. Broom snakeweed. Perennial forb. Widespread,
occasional; throughout preserve. 700-1155 m. SJ1804.

Helianthus annuus L. Common sunflower. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Black Hill Tank sediments
northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. Camphorweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Tom's
Thumb and Brown's Ranch trailheads, recently landscaped areas; otherwise absent from preserve.
829-845 m. SJ1803.

Isocoma acradenia (Greene) Greene var. acradenia [Haplopappus acradenius (Greene) S. F. Blake].
Alkali goldenbush. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; northern preserve. 739-818 m. SJ1589.

*Lactuca serriola L. Prickly lettuce. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Black Hill Tank sediments northeast of
Fraesfield Mountain. 788 m. SJ1 783.

Lasthenia californica DC. ex Lindl. California goldfields. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional;
abundant in some areas in northern preserve. 785-857 m. DG28.

Layia glandulosa (Hook.) Hook. & Am. Whitedaisy tidytips. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; remarkably
sparse member of spring flora. 1002 m. SJ1 753.

Logfia arizonica (A. Gray) Holub [Filago arizonica A. Gray]. Arizona cottonrose. Ephemeral. Local,
common; northern preserve, 584-729 m. SJ1738, SJJ757.

Logfia filaginoides (Hook. & Am.) Morefield [Logfia californica (Nutt.) Holub], California
cottonrose. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 729 m. SJ1640.

Melampodium leucanthum Torr. & A. Gray. Plains blackfoot. Perennial forb. Local, occasional.
834-1132 m. SJ1420, MJ35.

Monoptilon bellioides (A. Gray) H. M. Hall. Mojave desertstar. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon; seen
in northern preserve and Dixie Mine area. 8 1 7-849 m. SJ1 746.

*Oncosiphon piluliferum (L. f.) Kallersjo. Stinknet. Ephemeral. Recent introduction. Local,
uncommon. 752-779 m. SJI525.

Pedis papposa Harv. & A. Gray var. papposa. Chinchweed. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; Tom's
Thumb trail. 1057-1126 m. SJ1675.

14

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Perityle emoryi Torr. Emory's rockdaisy. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; wash below Taliesin overlook.
587-612 m. CH26.

Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville. Arrowweed. Shrub. Scarce, uncommon; Dixie Mine and stock tank
below Cholla power line. 690-736 m. SJ1637.

Porophyllum gracile Benth. Slender poreleaf. Perennial forb. Widespread, occasional. 504-919 m.
SJ1407.

Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.) W. A. Weber [Gnaphaliutn wrightii A. Gray]. Wright's cudweed.

Shrub. Scarce, rare; granitic slopes. 1 122-1 135 m. CH56(G), SJ1682.

Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) Greene. Whitestem paperflower. Shrub. Local, uncommon; northern
preserve. 805-844 m. SJ1534.

Rafinesquia californica Nutt. California chicory. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; diorite exposure south of
Tom's Thumb. 1 169 m. JM1 7.

Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray. New Mexico plumeseed. Ephemeral. Local, occasional;
throughout preserve. 619-914 m. DG19.

Senecio flaccidus Less. var. monoensis (Greene) B. L. Turner & T. M. Barkley. Sand wash groundsel.

Shrub. Local, occasional; shady slopes. 785-837 m. SJ1416.

Senecio lemmonii A. Gray. Lemmon's ragwort. Perennial forb. Local, occasional. 679-1058 m.
SJ1393.

*Sonchus oleraceus L. Common sowthistle. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Dixie Mine, Tom's Thumb
trail; greenhouse. 684-894 m. CHI 7, CH40(G), DG73.

Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nelson. Brownplume wirelettuce. Shrub. Widespread, common.
612-1 153 m. SJ1456.

Stylocline gnaphaloides Nutt. Everlasting desertstraw. Ephemeral. Local, occasional. 584—857 m.
SJl 758.

Stylocline micropoides A. Gray. Woollyhead neststraw. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 819-
851m . SJ1418,MJ13.

Trixis californica Kellogg. American threefold. Shrub. Widespread, occasional. 504—854 m. DG35.
Uropappus lindleyi (DC.) Nutt. [Microseris lindleyi (DC.) A. Gray]. Silver puffs. Ephemeral.
Frequent, occasional. 619-720 m. DG16.

Xanthisma gracile (Nutt.) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman [Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinners].

Slender goldenweed. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 930-1 133 m. SJl 576.

Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman var. gooddingii (A. Nelson) D. R.
Morgan & R. L. Hartman [Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners ssp. gooddingii (A.
Nelson) B. L. Turner var. gooddingii]. Goodding's tansyaster. Perennial forb. Local, occasional.
641-1151 m. DG27,SJ1501.

Xanthium strumarium L. Rough cocklebur. Ephemeral. Scarce, occasional; Black Hill Tank
sediments northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785 m. SJl 598.

Berberidaceae

Berberis haematocarpa Woot. [Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde], Bloodberry barberry. Shrub.
Scarce, rare; northeast comer of preserve. 822-876 m. SJl 744.

Boraginaceae (includes Hydrophyllaceae)

Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr. var. intermedia (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Ganders.

Common fiddleneck. Ephemeral. Widespread, common. 504-998 m. SJl 384.

Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray. Bristly fiddleneck. Ephemeral. Widespread, uncommon. 888-1096 m.
SJ1474.

Ciyptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene. Bearded cryptantha. Ephemeral. Widespread, common.
512-940 m. SJ1475,MJ18.

Cryptantha decipiens (M. E. Jones) A. Heller. Gravelbar cryptantha. Ephemeral. Widespread,
common. 512-956 m. SJl 354, SJl 355.

Cryptantha muricata (Hook. & Am.) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr. Pointed cryptantha. Ephemeral.

Local, uncommon. 739-943 m. SJ1463.

Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene var. cycloptera (Greene) J. F. Macbr. Wingnut cryptantha.
Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 527-888 m. SJ1477.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

15

Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene var. pterocarya. Wingnut cryptantha. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon; Ochoa Canyon north of Tom's Thumb. 604— 1020 m. SJ1401.

Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth. Whisperingbells. Ephemeral. Local, rare. 514— 619 m. DG72.
Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) Greene. Spotted hideseed. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional;
shady slopes, wash edges. 527-956 m. SJ1383.

Harpagonella palmeri A. Gray var. arizonica I. M. Johnston. Arizona grapplinghook. Ephemeral.

Local, occasional; southern preserve. 605-860 m. SJ1433.

Pectocarya heterocarpa (I. M. Johnst.) I. M. Johnst. Chuckwalla combseed. Ephemeral. Widespread,
occasional. 770 m. MJ21.

Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & I. M. Johnst.) Munz & I. M. Johnst. Broadfruit combseed.

Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 726-1 169 m. SJ1400.

Pectocarya recurvata I. M. Johnst. Curvenut combseed. Ephemeral. Widespread, abundant. 526-
1169 m. SJ1389.

Pectocarya setosa A. Gray. Moth combseed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Ochoa Canyon north of Tom's
Thumb. 928 m. SJ1396.

Phacelia affinis A. Gray. Limestone phacelia. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 748 m. SJ1 760.

Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex S. Watson var. ambigua (M.E. Jones) J. F. Macbr. Purplestem phacelia.
Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon; basaltic dike in northern preserve, diorite exposure south of
Tom's Thumb. 848-1 180 m. SJ1627, SJ1747.

Phacelia cryptantha Greene. Hiddenflower phacelia. Ephemeral. Frequent, uncommon. 604—824 m.
BP 19.

Phacelia distans Benth. Distant phacelia. Ephemeral. Widespread, common. Two variants: one
widespread, common, smaller, early-flowering, leaf lobes narrow to wide; second along Rawhide
Wash, larger, later-flowering, large, finely-divided leaves. 573-1012 m. SJ1461, BP 16.

Phacelia ramosissima Dougl. ex Lehm. Branching phacelia. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 729-
824 m. SJ1408.

Pholistoma auriturn (Lindl.) Lilja var. arizonicum (M. E. Jones) Constance. Arizona fiestaflower.

Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional; shady, rocky slopes, washes. 584—1020 m. SJ1382.
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A. Gray) Greene ex A. Gray. Arizona popcomflower. Ephemeral.
Widespread, occasional. 728-928 m. SJ1397.

Plagiobothrys pringlei Greene. Pringle's popcomflower. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; east of Brown's
Mountain. Associated with Pogonomyrmex ant nests. 728-824 m. SJ1397.

Brassieaceae

Boechera perennans (S. Watson) W. A. Weber [Arabis perennans S. Watson]. Perennial rockcress.

Perennial forb. Frequent, occasional; rocky slopes. 848-1155 m. SJ1369.

*Brassica tournefortii Gouan. Asian mustard. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; Sunrise and Lookout
Trails. 753-1180 m. DG11.

Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hook. & Am.) Payson [Guillenia lasiophylla (Hook. & Am.) Greene].

California mustard. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 584—824 m. SJ1452, DG18.

Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. ochroleuca (Wooton) Detling. Western tansymustard.
Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; seen in northern preserve, too. Sepals distinctly purple. 586 m.
SJ1736.

Draba cuneifolia Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray var. integrifolia S. Watson. Wedgeleaf draba. Ephemeral.

Local, uncommon; greenhouse; less widespread than expected. 586-748 m. SJ1761.

Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. Shaggyfruit pepperweed. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 587-1169 m.
CH41{ G), SJ1622.

Physaria tenella (A. Nelson) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz [Lesquerella tenella A. Nelson], Moapa
bladderpod. Ephemeral. Local, occasional. 601-748 m. SJ1378.

* Sisymbrium irio L. London rocket. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Dixie Mine. 684—821 m. CHI 8.
Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. Sand ffingepod. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 604—1 137 m.

DOS.

Cactaceae

Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose. Saguaro. Succulent. Widespread, common. 504—

1169 m. WH26938.

16

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J. M. Bigelow) F. M. Knuth var. coloradensis L. D. Benson)
D. J. Pinkava. Buckhom cholla. Succulent. Widespread, common. 516-1180 m. WH26932.
Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J. M. Bigelow) F. M. Knuth var. major (Engelm.) Pinkava.
Buckhom cholla. Succulent. Local, occasional; present on diorite exposure south of Tom's
Thumb. 1140 m. SJ s. n. (photo).

Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelm.) F. M. Knuth. Arizona pencil cholla. Succulent. Scarce, rare;
single plant. 840 m. WH26931.

Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F. M. Knuth var. bigelovii. Teddybear cholla. Succulent.

Widespread, occasional. 519-1 155 m. WH26933.

Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F. M. Knuth var .fulgida. Chain-fruit cholla. Succulent.
Widespread, occasional. 519-930 m. SJ1659.

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F. M. Knuth. Christmas cholla. Succulent. Widespread, occasional.
758-977 m. WH26937.

Cylindropuntia *tetracantha (Tourney) F. M. Knuth. Tucson pricklypear [szc], Succulent. Scarce,
rare; single plant, hybrid between C. acanthocarpa and C. leptocaulis. 812 m. SJ1772.
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. Engelmann's hedgehog cactus. Succulent.

Widespread, common. 520-1 170 m. WH26743.

Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt. California barrel cactus. Succulent. Widespread,

common; aberrant growth on one specimen {Hodgson 26940, DES). 518-1 179 m. WH26940,
WH27229.

Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Graham's nipple cactus. Succulent. Local, occasional. 521-940 m.
SJ1661.

Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & J. M. Bigelow. Dollarjoint pricklypear. Succulent. Local, uncommon;

Brown's Mountain area, East End. 818-943 m. WH26934, WH27228.

Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. engelmannii. Cactus apple. Succulent.

Widespread, common. 520-1 179 m. LM3932, LM3933, LM3934.

Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. linguiformis (Griffiths) Parfitt & Pinkava. Cow's
tongue pricklypear. Succulent. Scarce, rare, native to Chihuahuan desert; likely established from
discarded landscape debris. 803 m. SJ s. n. (photo).

Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. Tulip pricklypear. Succulent. Frequent, common; northern preserve.
820-1 180 m. LM3935, LM3936.

Opuntia *cun’ospina Griffiths (pro sp.). Searchlight pricklypear. Succulent. Scarce, rare. 820-840
m. WH26930, WH26936.

Peniocereus greggii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose var. transmontanus (Engelm.) Backeberg.

Nightblooming cereus. Succulent. Local, uncommon; northern preserve; East End. 956-1096 m.
LM3931.

Cannabaceae

Celtis pallida Torr. [Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm.]. Spiny hackberry. Shrub. Widespread,
occasional. 578-1 100 m. SJ1363.

Celtis reticulata Torr. [Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata (Torr.) L. D. Benson], Netleaf hackberry.
Tree. Scarce, uncommon; Ochoa Canyon north of Tom's Thumb; East End. 956-1 100 m.

SJ1404.

Caryophyllaceae

*Herniaria hirsuta L. ssp. cinerea (DC.) Coutinho. Hairy rupturewort. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon; cattle tanks, disturbed areas. 738-854 m. SJ1521.

Loeflingia squarrosa Nutt. Spreading pygmyleaf. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 717-728 m. SJ1764.
Minuartia douglasii (Fenzl ex Torr. & A. Gray) Mattf. Douglas' stitchwort. Ephemeral. Local,
occasional; northern preserve. 612-1036 m. SJ1651.

Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy silene. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 584-836 m. CH44(G), SJ1737.

Celastraceae

Canotia holacantha Torr. Crucifixion thorn. Tree. Local, common; northern preserve and diorite
exposure south of Tom's Thumb. 799-1 149 m. SJ1441.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

17

Chenopodiaceae, see Amaranthaceae
Cleomaceae

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & A. Gray) litis. Sandyseed clammyweed.
Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 723-765 m. SJ1712.

Convolvulaceae

Evolvulus arizonicus A. Gray. Wild dwarf morning-glory. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Lookout Point
south of Tom's Thumb. 1 155 m. SJ1 729.

Cuscuta indecora Choisy. Bigseed alfalfa dodder. Perennial parasitic vine. Local, rare. Hosts:

Acacia greggii and Ericameria laricifolia. 825-978 m. SJ1455.

Cuscuta umbel lata Kunth. Flatglobe dodder. Ephemeral parasitic vine. Local, uncommon; Tom's
Thumb trail. Host: Boerhavia intermedia. 1057 m. SJ1678.

Ipomoea cristulata Hallier f. Trans-pecos morning-glory. Ephemeral vine. Local, uncommon. 801—
1057 m. SJ1677.

*Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Ivyleaf morning-glory. Ephemeral vine. Scarce, uncommon. 801 m.
SJ1693.

Crassulaceae

Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. Berger. Sand pygmyweed. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 748-774 m.
CH32.

Dudleya saxosa (M. E. Jones) Britt. & Rose ssp. collomiae (Rose ex Morton) Moran [Dudleya

collomiae Rose ex Morton], Gila County liveforever. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; Lookout Point
and lower along Tom's Thumb trail to west. 1 155 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

Crossosomataceae

Crossosoma bigelovii S. Watson. Ragged rockflower. Shrub. Local, occasional; rocky, shady slopes.
695-1 155 m. DG3.

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita digitata A. Gray. Fingerleaf gourd. Perennial vine. Scarce, uncommon; sizeable
population in northeastern preserve. 743-8 17 m. SJ1 717.

Marah gilensis Greene. Gila manroot. Perennial vine. Frequent, occasional; washes and slopes. 726-
1096 m. SJ1455.

Cuscutaceae, see Convolvulaceae
Euphorbiaceae

Ditaxis lanceolata (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffmann [Argythamnia lanceolata (Benth.) Mull. Arg.].

Narrowleaf silverbush. Perennial forb. Local, occasional. 641-812 m. SJ1460, DG47.

Ditaxis neomexicana (Mull. Arg.) A. Heller [Argythamnia neomexicana Mull. Arg.]. New Mexico
silverbush. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 822-1180 m. SJ1569.

Euphorbia abramsiana L. C. Wheeler [Chamaesyce abramsiana (L. C. Wheeler) Koutnik]. Abrams'
sandmat. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 736—785 m. SJ1657, SJ1698.

Euphorbia arizonica Engelm. [Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelm.) Arthur], Arizona sandmat. Perennial
forb. Local, uncommon. 717-1169 m. MJ38.

Euphorbia capitellata Engelm. [Chamaesyce capitellata (Engelm.) Millsp.]. Head sandmat. Perennial
forb. Frequent, occasional. 758-855 m. BS10, BP33.

Euphorbia eriantha Benth. Beetle spurge. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 717-1169 m. DG40.
Euphorbia florida Engelm. [Chamaesyce florida (Engelm.) Millsp,]. C'hiricahua Mountain sandmat.

Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 782-1139 m. SJ1663, SJ1691.

Euphorbia melanadenia Torr. [Chamaesyce melanadenia (Torr.) Millsp.]. Red-gland spurge.

Perennial forb. Frequent, occasional. 774-888 m. CHI, MJ42.

Euphorbia micromera Boiss. ex Engelm. [Chamaesyce micromera (Boiss. ex Engelm.) Woot. &
Standi.]. Sonoran sandmat. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 836-847 m. SJ1565.

18

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm. [Chamaesyce pediculifera (Engelm.) Rose & Standi.]. Carrizo
Mountain sandmat. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 612-866 m. SJ1669.

Euphorbia polycarpa Benth. [Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp. ex Parish]. Smallseed sandmat.

Perennial forb. Widespread, abundant. 717-1 126 m. SJ1487, DG31.

Euphorbia revoluta Engelm. [Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelm.) Small], Threadstem sandmat.
Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 960 m. SJ1680.

Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. ex Torr. [Chamaesyce setiloba (Engelm. ex Torr.) Millsp. ex Parish].

Yuma sandmat. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 765-769 m. SJ1566.

Tragia nepetifolia Cav. Catnip nosebum. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; usually along washes.
817-821 m. SJ1537.

Tragia ramosa Torr. Branched nosebum. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; usually along washes.
785-852 m. SJ1571.

Fabaceae

Acacia constricta Benth. Whitethorn acacia. Tree. Local, occasional; northeastern preserve; single
plant on Ringtail Trail in revegetated area. 529-860 m. SJ1539.

Acacia greggii A. Gray. Catclaw acacia. Tree. Widespread, abundant. 534— 1179 m. CHI 2.
Astragalus nuttallianus DC. Smallflowered milkvetch. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; Lost Dog and
128th Street locations. 791m. SJ1766.

Calliandra eriophylla Benth. Fairyduster. Perennial forb. Frequent, common. 612-1 180 m. SJ1370.
Lotus humistratus Greene. Foothill deervetch. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 597-860 m.
SJ1491, MJ20.

Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene. Shrubby deervetch. Shrub. Frequent, common. 789-1155 m. DG29.
Lotus salsuginosus Greene var. brevivexillus Ottley. Coastal bird's-foot trefoil. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon; washes. 587-817 m. CH27.

Lotus strigosus (Nutt.) Greene var. tomentellus (Greene) Isely. Strigose bird's-foot trefoil. Ephemeral.
Local, occasional. 717-824 m. SJ1743.

Lupinus concinnus J. G. Agardh. Bajada lupine. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional; washes. 726-857
m. SJ1427.

Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. Desert lupine. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 586-1169 m.

DG10.

Marina parryi (Torr. & A. Gray) Bameby. Parry's false prairie-clover. Perennial forb. Local,
occasional. 771-943 m. SJ1462.

Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Benth.) Bameby. Catclaw mimosa. Shrub. Scarce,
rare; several along power line road. 844-855 m. SJ1541.

OIneya tesota A. Gray. Desert ironwood. Tree. Frequent, occasional. 504—843 m. SJ1368.
Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. Watson [Cercidium floridum Benth. ex A. Gray]. Blue
paloverde. Tree. Widespread, occasional; riparian at low elevations; small upland specimens at
higher semidesert grassland locations. 720-1 180 m. SJ1480.

Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. [Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & I. M. Johnst.]. Foothill
paloverde. Tree. Widespread, abundant. 504-1179 m. BP37.

Prosopis juliftora (Sw.) DC. var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg. [Prosopis velutina Woot.]. Velvet mesquite.

Tree. Frequent, occasional. 684-1153 m. DG42.

*Senna artemisioides (Gaud, ex DC.) Randell. Silver senna. Shrub. Scarce, rare; few individuals;

East End trail and near Tom's Thumb. 812-1 140 m. SJ1457.

Senna covesii (A. Gray) Irwin & Bameby [Cassia covesii A. Gray], Rattlebox senna. Ephemeral.
Frequent, occasional. 527-1 179 m. JP25.

Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana. Louisiana vetch. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; wash
edges, northern preserve. 824— 951 m. SJ1443.

Fagaceae

Quercus turbinella Greene. Sonoran scrub oak. Shrub. Local, occasional; usually along washes in
northern preserve; also diorite exposure south of Tom's Thumb. 801-1081 m. SJ1446.

Fouquieriaceae

F ouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo. Tree. Widespread, occasional. 518-1169 m. JP36.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

19

Geraniaceae

*Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Alton. Redstem stork's bill. Ephemeral. Widespread, abundant.
553—1 180 m. SJ1417JM5.

Erodium texanum A. Gray. Texas stork's bill. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 748-1 180 m. SJ1748.

Hydrophyllaceae, see Boraginaceae

Krameriaceae

Krameria bicolor S. Watson [ Krameria grayi Rose & Painter], White ratany. Shrub. Widespread,
common. 523-977 in. SJ1514, BP25.

Krameria erecta Willd. ex Schult. [Krameria parvifolia Benth.]. Littleleaf ratany. Shrub. Frequent,
occasional. 612-1 115 m. SJ1493.

Lamiaceae

Hedeoma nana Greene ssp. nana. Mock-pennyroyal. Perennial forb. Local, rare. 720-920 m. CH14.

Hyptis emoryi Torr. Desert lavender. Shrub. Frequent, occasional; slopes, rocky exposures. 609-929
m. SJ1395 , LM3938.

Salazaria mexicana Torr. Mexican bladdersage. Shrub. Local, occasional; northern area. 811-838
m. CH22.

Salvia columbariae Benth. Chia. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 553-1 134 m. MJ33.

Loasaceae

Mentzelia afjinis Greene. Yellowcomet. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; washes; southern preserve.
589-1619 m. SJ1387, CH29.

Mentzelia albicaulis (Hook.) Dougl. ex Torr. & A. Gray. Whitestem blazingstar. Ephemeral. Scarce,
occasional; southern preserve. 587-592 m. SJ1742.

Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) A. Gray. Adonis blazingstar. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; washes
and roadsides. 786 m. MJ47.

Malpighiaceae

Cottsia gracilis (A. Gray) W. R. Anderson [Janusia gracilis A. Gray], Slender janusia. Perennial
vine. Widespread, occasional. 654- 1180 m. BP22, JB2.

Malvaceae

Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet. Pelotazo. Shrub. Local, uncommon. 694—974 m. SJ1626.

Abutilon palmeri A, Gray. Palmer's Indian mallow. Shrub. Local, uncommon; boulder piles on
pediment. 754-855 m. SJ1629.

Abutilon parvulum A. Gray. Dwarf Indian mallow. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; wash edges in
northern preserve. 782-837 m. SJ1536.

Ayenia filiformis S. Watson. Trans-Pecos ayenia. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; occasional on
rocky granite slopes in the East End; common on Cholla and Granite Mountains; dense patch of
several acres on the northwest bajada of Granite Mountain (33.7888 -1 1 1 .8096). 921-951 m.
SJ1470.

Herissantia crispa (L.) Briz. Bladdermallow. Perennial forb. Local, common; rocky granite slopes
and boulder piles. 754-1 135 m. SJ1467, MJ36.

Hibiscus coulteri Harvey ex A. Gray. Desert rosemallow. Shrub. Scarce, rare; north-facing slope on
Windgate Pass Trail. 835-1 155 m. SJ1439.

*Malva parviflora L. Cheeseweed mallow. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Black Hill Tank sediments
northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 786-789 m. SJ1623.

*Sida abutifolia Mill. Spreading fanpetals. Perermial forb. Scarce, rare; Lookout Point south of
Tom’s Thumb. 11 15-1 122 m. SJ1801.

Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray ssp. ambigua. Apricot globemallow. Perermial forb. Widespread,
common; abundant in some locations, especially where fire had occurred. 553-1179 m. MJ23.

Sphaeralcea rusbyi A. Gray. Rusby's globemallow. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; upper
elevations and north-facing slopes. 894-1096 m. SJ1434.

20

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

Martyniaceae

Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Decne. Desert unicorn-plant. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon.
823-825 m. SJ1552, SJ1 787.

Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standi. Doubleclaw. Ephemeral. Scarce, common; Black
Hill Tank sediments northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785-789 m. SJ1553.

Montiaceae

Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Fringed redmaids. Ephemeral. Local, occasional. 630-1 137
m. DG13.

Cistanthe monandra (Nutt.) Hershkovitz. Common pussypaws. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; northeast
comer. 824 m. SJ1 745.

Claytonia perfoliata Donn. ex Willd. ssp. mexicana (Rydb.) J. M. Miller & K. Chambers. Miner's
lettuce. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; shady moist areas. 695-998 m. BS5.

Nyctaginaceae

Allionia choisyi Standi. Annual windmills. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; northern preserve, two locations,
new Maricopa County record. 785-837 m. SJ1696.

Allionia incarnata L. var. villosa (Standi.) B. L. Turner. Trailing windmills. Perennial forb. Local,
occasional; upper elevations, Bell Pass south of McDowell Peak and Tom's Thumb. 740-1 180 m.
BP31.

Boerhavia coccinea Mill. Scarlet spiderling. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; northern preserve. 785-
836 m. SJ1560.

Boerhavia coulteri (Hook, f.) S. Watson. Coulter's spiderling. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon. 785-
791 m. SJ1689.

Boerhavia intermedia M. E. Jones. Fivewing spiderling. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; northern
preserve. 779-1 155 m. SJ1567.

Boerhavia spicata Choisy. Creeping spiderling. Ephemeral. Scarce, uncommon. 785-791 m.

SJ1694.

Boerhavia wrightii A. Gray. Largebract spiderling. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; northern preserve.
930 m. SJ1578.

Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standi. [Boerhavia scandens L.]. Climbing wartclub. Perennial vine.

Scarce, uncommon; single community. 841m. SJ1568.

Mirabilis coccinea (Torr.) Benth. & Hook. f. Scarlet four o'clock. Perennial forb. Local, occasional;

Tom's Thumb and East End, upper elevations and north-facing slopes. 1096 m. MJ32.

Mirabilis laevis (Benth.) Curran var. villosa (Kellogg) Spellenb. Wishbone-bush. Perennial forb.

Widespread, occasional. 600-1 170 m. CHI 1, JP33.

Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) A. Gray var. multiflora. Colorado four o'clock. Perennial forb. Local,
uncommon; Tom's Thumb, upper elevations and north-facing slopes, northern preserve. 770-
1096 m. JP51.

Oleaceae

Menodora scabra A. Gray. Rough menodora. Shrub. Local, occasional; northern preserve, north-
facing slopes. 762-849 m. DG25.

Onagraceae

Camissonia californica (Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray) Raven. California suncup. Ephemeral. Local,
occasional. 586-1 169 m. DG23.

Camissonia confusa Raven. San Bernardino suncup. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; washes and low
areas in the northern preserve. 720-852 m. SJ1 756, SJ1 781.

Camissonia micrantha (Homem. ex Spreng.) Raven. Miniature suncup. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon; washes. 800 m. SJ1453.

Camissonia pallida (Abrams) Raven. Paleyellow suncup. Ephemeral. Frequent, uncommon; washes.
888 m. JP43.

Clarkia epilobioides (Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbr. Canyon clarkia.

Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; deep shade of boulders, Tom's Thumb and East End. 953-956 m.
MJ12 , BS1.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

21

Oenothera data Kunth ssp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Watson) W. Dietr. Hooker's evening

primrose. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; state land parcel, below Thompson Peak. 1145 m. MT
s.n. (photo).

Oenothera primiveris A. Gray ssp. primiveris. Large yellow desert primrose. Ephemeral. Scarce,
rare; southeast slope Brown's Mountain. 865 m. MT s.n. (photo).

Orobanchaceae

Castilleja applegatei Fem. ssp, mariinii (Abrams) Chuang & Heckard. Wavyleaf Indian paintbrush.
Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; relict grassland community on northeast-facing slope of Brown's
Mountain. 868 m. SJ1445.

Castilleja exserta (Heller) Chuang & Heckard ssp. exserta. Exserted Indian paintbrush. Ephemeral.
Scarce, rare. 791-833 m. DG67.

Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) Heller. Desert broomrape. Ephemeral parasitic forb. Scarce, rare. 773
m. MJ28.

Papaveraceae

Argemone pleiacantha Greene. Southwestern pricklypoppy. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; disturbed
areas. 786-844 m. SJ1422.

Eschscholzia californica Cham. ssp. mexicana (Greene) C. Clark. California poppy. Ephemeral.
Widespread, occasional. 587-1 180 m. JP52, SJ1741 .

Phyrmaceae

Mimulus guttatus DC. Seep monkeyflower. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Frazier Spring on Tom's Thumb
Trail. 767 m. MJ30.

Plantaginaceae

Keckiella antirrhinoides (Benth.) Straw. Snapdragon penstemon. Shrub. Local, common; rocky,
granitic slopes. 790-1132 m. MJ6, LM3937.

Maurandella antirrhinijlora (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Rothm. Snapdragon vine. Perennial vine.
Scarce, rare; relict grassland community on northeast— facing slope of Brown's Mountain. 865 m.
SJ1444.

Penstemon pseudospectabilis M. E. Jones ssp. connatifolius (A. Nelson) D. D. Keck. Desert
beardtongue. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; Tom's Thumb area. 1028 m. JP46.

Penstemon subulatus M. E. Jones. Hackberry beardtongue. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon;
northern preserve. 816—1 169 m. CH8.

Plantago ovata Forssk. Desert Indianwheat. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 584-940 m.
SJ1380.

Plantago patagonica Jacq. Woolly plantain. Ephemeral. Widespread, uncommon. 597—1 135 m.
SJ1339.

Sairocarpus nuttallianus (Benth. ex A. DC.) D. A. Sutton. Violet snapdragon. Ephemeral. Scarce,
rare; TT/Glass Dome trail junction. 1 134 m. MJ s.n. (photo).

Veronica peregrina L. Neckweed, Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; cattle tanks. 738 m. SJ1631.

Polemoniaceae

Eriastrum diffusum (A. Gray) H. Mason. Miniature woollystar. Ephemeral. Widespread, uncommon.
612-866 m. SJ1423.

Eriastrum eremicum (Jeps.) H. Mason. Desert woollystar. Ephemeral. Frequent, abundant. 586-
1170 m. BP26.

Gilia flavocincta A. Nels. Lesser yellowthroat gilia. Ephemeral. Frequent, occasional. 586—1137 m.
DG12.

Gilia stellata Heller. Star gilia. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 567-630 m. DG66.

Leptosiphon aureus (Nutt.) J. M. Porter & L. A. Johnson ssp. aureus [Linanthus aureus (Nutt.) Greene
ssp. aureus]. Golden linanthus. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; northern preserve. 854 m.

SJ1777.

Phlox gracilis (Hook.) Greene [Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene]. Slender phlox. Ephemeral.
Scarce, uncommon; north-facing slope along Tom's Thumb trail. 1020 m. SJ1 752.

22

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Phlox tenuifolia E. E. Nelson. Santa Catalina Mountain phlox. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare. 814 m.
BS7.

Polygonaceae

Chorizanthe brevicornu Torr. Brittle spineflower. Ephemeral. Frequent, uncommon. 586-1 180 m.
CH9 , BP20.

Eriogonum abertianum Torr. Abert's buckwheat. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; edge of volcanic tuff on
Saddle Hill between Brown's Mountain and Cholla Mountain. 856 m. SJ18I0.

Eriogonum deflexum Torr. var. deflexum. Flatcrown buckwheat. Ephemeral, riparian. Local, rare;
disturbed areas. 725-839 m. SJ1550.

Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. foliolosum S. Stokes. Coastal California buckwheat. Shrub.

Scarce, rare. Planted in landscaped area at Tom's Thumb trailhead. 851m. SJ1829.

Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. var. polifolium (Benth.) Torr. & A. Gray. Eastern Mojave buckwheat.

Shrub. Widespread, common. 612-1 179 m. JM19.

Eriogonum inflatum Torr. & Frem. Desert trumpet. Perennial forb. Frequent, uncommon. 617-849
m. JM6.

Eriogonum palmerianum Reveal. Palmer's buckwheat. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; washes, granite
grus. 619-1 147 m. SJ1479,Md37.

Eriogonum trichopes Torr. Little deserttrumpet. Ephemeral. Local, occasional; northern preserve.
816-843 m. SJ1494.

Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth. var. wrightii. Bastardsage. Perennial forb. Widespread, common;

more common in north preserve. 700-1153 m. SJ1591 .

Pterostegia drymarioides Fisch. & C. A. Mey. Woodland pterostegia. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon;

shade of boulders, East End and Tom's Thumb. 956-998 m. BS4.

Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Canaigre dock. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; washes in the
northern preserve. 726 m. SJ1754.

Portulacaceae

^Portulaca oleracea L. Little hogweed. Ephemeral. Local, common; large community at water tank
just west of 128th St. 793-1 132 m. SJ1692.

Portulaca pilosa L. Kiss me quick. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; near Lookout Point trailhead; new
Maricopa County record. 1139 m. SJ1673.

Portulaca umbraticola Kunth. Wingpod purslane. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; TT trail, single location.
1132 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

Ranunculaceae

Anemone tuberosa Rydb. Tuber anemone. Perennial forb. Frequent, occasional; rocky slopes. 845-
932 m. SJ1376.

Clematis drummondii Torr. & A. Gray . Drummond's clematis. Perennial vine. Frequent, occasional;
washes. 747-837 m. MJ44.

Delphinium parishii A. Gray. Desert larkspur. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; scattered in
northern preserve, generally few in any location. 851-945 m. MJ51.

Delphinium scaposum Greene. Tall mountain larkspur. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; single large
colony. 953 m. SJ1643.

Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook, ex Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray var. canescens (A. Gray) M. C. Johnston.
Lotebush. Shrub. Widespread, occasional; mostly in washes in southern preserve; more
widespread in northern preserve. 747-933 m. SJ1506.

Rosaceae

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Alderleaf mountain mahogany. Shrub. Local, uncommon; rocky slopes
of the East End and Tom's Thumb areas. 844-1 100 m. SJ1495,MJ11.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

23

Rubiaceae

Galium aparine L. Stickywilly. Ephemeral vine. Local, uncommon; shady moist areas. 814— 845 m.
SJ1431.

Galium stellatum Kellogg ssp. eremicum (Hilend & J. T. Howell) Ehrend. Starry bedstraw. Shrub.
Widespread, occasional; rocky areas. 790-1155 m. MJ2.

Salicaceae

Populus fremontii S. Watson ssp. fremontii. Fremont cottonwood. Tree. Local, uncommon; Windmill
site, Dixie Mine, Troon outflow. 684-756 m. DG45.

Salix gooddingii Ball. Goodding's willow. Tree. Local, uncommon; Windmill site, Dixie Mine,

Troon outflow. 684-756 m. SJ1528, DG46.

Santalaceae

Phoradendron californicum Nutt. Mesquite mistletoe. Parasitic shrub. Widespread, occasional. 52 1 —
978 m. BP9, BP 19.

Sapindaceae

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Florida hopbush. Shrub. Local, occasional; rocky, granitic slopes. 790-
1100 m. MJ8.

Sapindus saponaria L. Wingleaf soapberry. Tree. Scarce, rare; single community in large wash north
of Granite Mountain. 852 m. SJ1778.

Scrophulariaceae, see Orobanchaceae, Phyrmaceae and Plantaginaceae

Simmondsiaceae

Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. Jojoba. Shrub. Widespread, common. 514—1179 m. SJ1366,
BP12.

Solanaceae

Datura discolor Bernh. Desert thorn-apple. Ephemeral forb. Local, uncommon. 770—822 m.

SJ1554, SJ1599.

Lycium andersonii A. Gray var. andersonii. Water jacket. Shrub. Local, occasional; usually along
washes. 796-844 m. SJ1547.

Lycium andersonii A. Gray var. deserticola (C. L. Hitchc.) C. L. Hitchc. ex Munz. Water jacket.

Shrub. Scarce, rare; near Rio Verde Rd and 128th St. 782 m. SJ1 700.

Lycium andersonii A. Gray var. wrightii A. Gray. Water jacket. Shrub. Scarce, rare; wash below
Sven Towers. 820-873 m. SJ1482.

Lycium berlandieri Dunal. Berlandier's wolfberry. Shrub. Widespread, occasional. 518-1153 rn.
SJ1660.

Lycium exsertum A. Gray. Arizona desert-thorn. Shrub. Widespread, common. 612-1105 m.

SJ 1468, M/7 7.

Lycium fremontii A. Gray. Fremont's desert-thom. Shrub. Scarce, rare; single very large plant above
stock tank in northwestern preserve. 739 m. SJl 759.

Nicotiana obtusifolia Mertens & Galeotti. Desert tobacco. Perennial forb. Frequent, uncommon;

washes, boulder piles, disturbed areas. 736-929 m. CHI 5.

Physalis hederifolia A. Gray. Ivyleaf groundcherry. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 716-847 m.
DG41, SJl 5 15.

Solanum douglasii Dunal. Greenspot nightshade. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; below Glass Dome.
1096 m. SJ1502.

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silverleaf nightshade. Perennial forb. Scarce, uncommon; on Rio
Verde Drive and on 128th St. 779-823 m. SJl 665.

Sterculiaceae, see Malvaceae

24

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Tamaricaceae

*Tamarix chinensis Lour. Five-stamen tamarisk. Tree. Local, uncommon; locations mapped by
MSC. 690-829 m. SJ1524,MJ22.

Ulmaceae, see Cannabaceae

Urticaceae

Parietaria hespera Hinton var. hespera. Rillita pellitory. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional; shady
areas. 534-969 m. BP3.

Verbenaceae

Aloysia wrightii (A. Gray) A. Heller. Wright's beebrush. Shrub. Frequent, uncommon; rocky north-
facing slopes. 754-1 147 m. MJ39.

Glandularia gooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig. Southwestern mock vervain. Perennial forb. Scarce,
uncommon. 785 m. DG71.

Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. Bigbract verbena. Ephemeral. Scarce, occasional; cattle
tanks. 738-788 m. SJ1634.

Viscaceae, see Santalaceae

Zygophyllaceae

Kallstroemia californica (S. Watson) Vail. California caltrop. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; Black Hill
Tank sediments northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785-1081 m. SJ1563.

Kallstroemia grandiflora Torr. ex A. Gray. Arizona poppy. Ephemeral. Local, rare; Ochoa Canyon
north of Tom's Thumb; East End. 930-1 135 m. SJ1579.

Kallstroemia parviflora J. B. S. Norton. Warty caltrop. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; low area of wash
west of house at Brown's Ranch. 823 m. LMs.n., SJ s.n. (photo).

Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville. Creosote bush. Shrub. Widespread, common. 504-1 169 m.

SJ1526, JP12.

*Tribulus terrestris L. Puncturevine. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; disturbed areas; Black Hill Tank
sediments northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 786-828 m. SJ1504, SJ1562.

MAGNOLIOPHYTA — Liliopsida

Agavaceae, see Asparagaceae

Asparagaceae

Agave americana L. American century plant. Succulent. Scarce, rare; single plant near cistern in
Ochoa Canyon north of Tom's Thumb; accidental or deliberate planting. 919 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

Agave deserti Engelm. var. simplex (Gentry) W. C. Hodgs. & Reveal. Desert agave. Succulent.

Local, uncommon; from Windgate Pass to south and west of Dixie Mine. 880-1016 m. MT s.n.
(photo), SJ1813.

Agave murpheyi F. Gibson. Murphey's century plant. Succulent. Scarce, rare; single colony east of
McDowell Peak. 895 m. SJ s.n. (photo).

Agave toumeyana Trel. ex Standi, var. toumeyana. Tourney's century plant. Succulent. Scarce, rare;
diorite exposure south of Tom's Thumb, Brown's Mountain. 940-1 155 m. WH2722 7.

Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Wood. Bluedicks. Perennial forb. Widespread, occasional. 824—
1137 m. SJ1373.

Nolina microcarpa S. Watson. Sacahuista. Shrub. Scarce, rare; diorite exposure south of Tom's
Thumb. Did not flower 201 1/2012, flowered 2013. 1132-1 153 m. SJ1671.

Yucca baccata Torr. Banana yucca. Shrub. Frequent, common; occcasionally abundant in northern
preserve. Did not flower 201 1/2012; flowered 2013. 612-1179 m. SJ1765.

Yucca elata Engelm. var. elata. Soaptree yucca. Shrub. Frequent, occasional; common in northern
preserve. 783-857 m. WH26939.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

25

Juncaceae

Juncus bufonius L. Toad rash. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; grown from seed collected in wash north of
Brown's Mountain, greenhouse study. 843 m. CH48{ G).

Liliaceae

Calochortus kennedyi Porter var. kennedyi. Desert mariposa lily. Perennial forb. Scarce, uncommon;
Windgate Pass north of McDowell Peak and diorite exposure south of Tom's Thumb. 742-1 140
m. SJ1435.

Poaeeae

Aristida adscensionis L. Sixweeks threeawn. Ephemeral. Widespread, occasional. 816-929 m.
SJ1379.

Aristida divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Poverty threeawn. Perennial forb. Local, occasional;
northern preserve. 720-929 m. SJ1489.

Aristida pansa Woot. & Standi. Wooton's threeawn. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; tuff exposure on
Brown's Mountain. 83 1-842 m. SJ1721.

Aristida purpurea Nutt, vax.fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey. Fendler's threeawn. Perennial forb.

Frequent, uncommon. 527 m. JP28.

Aristida purpurea Nutt .var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred. Blue threeawn. Perennial forb. Local,
uncommon. 777-1151 m. SJ1490.

Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. parishii (Hitchc.) Allred. Parish's threeawn. Perennial forb. Local,
occasional. 830-845 m. SJ1375, SJJ436, MJ9.

Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. purpurea. Purple threeawn. Peremiial forb. Widespread, occasional.

823 m. SJ1450.

*Avena fatua L. Wild oat. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 684—888 m. SJ1432.

Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter. Cane bluestem. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 772-881
m. BS13.

Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb. Needle grama. Ephemeral. Local, occasional. 785-1 126 m.
SJ1561.

Bouteloua barbata Lag. var. barbata. Sixweeks grama. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 789-1 126 m.
SJ1575.

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. caespitosa Gould & Kapadia. Sideoats grama. Perennial
forb. Local, occasional. 831-1155 m. SJ1593.

Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins. Arizona brome. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 888-956 m.
SJ1386, MJ1,

* Bromus arvensis L. Field brome. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 790 m. MJ5.

*Bromus berteroanus Colla. Chilean chess. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 790 m. MJ4.

Bromus carinatus Hook. & Am. Arizona brome. Ephemeral. Frequent, uncommon. 774— 1102 m.
SJ1414.

Bromus marginatus Nees Ex Steud. Mountain brome. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 620—929 m.
SJ1507.

* Bromus rubens L. Red brome. Ephemeral. Widespread, abundant. 504— 1169 m. SJ1360, BP7.
*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermudagrass. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 688-833 m. BS12.
Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willd. ex Rydb [Erioneuron pulchellum (Kunth) Tateoka]. Low

woollygrass. Perennial forb. Widespread, occasional. 740-1 153 m. CH2.

Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henr. Arizona cottontop. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon; East End,
northern preserve. 792-1135 m. SJ1667.

Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P. M. Peterson & N. Snow ssp. brachiata (Steud.) P. M. Peterson & N. Snow
[. Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi ssp. brachiata (Steudl.) N. W. Snow]. Mucronate sprangletop.
Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; East End and Brown's Mountain areas. 831-979 m. CE4,

SJ1723.

Disakisperma dubium (Kunth) P. M. Peterson & N. Snow [Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees]. Green
sprangletop. Perennial forb. Scarce, uncommon; tuff exposure at Brown's Mountain. Tall, fall-
flowering grass. 831-842 m. SJ1724.

26

CANOTIA VOL. 10

2014

Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey. Squirreltail. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon; north slope Brown's
Mountain and wash to south. 824-966 m. SJ1647.

Enneapogon desvauxii Desv. ex P. Beauv. Nineawn pappusgrass. Perennial forb. Scarce, common;

relict grassland community on Brown's Mountain. Fall-flowering perennial. 822-842 m. SJ1594.
*Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen. Stinkgrass. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; wash below tuff
exposure on Brown's Mountain. Fall-flowering grass. 824 m. SJ1797.

Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. Tanglehead. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare;
three small groups in northern preserve and one small group near Lookout Point south of Tom's
Thumb. 866-1 122 m. SJ1809.

Hi/aria belangeri (Steud.) Nash. Curly-mesquite. Perennial forb. Scarce, occasional. 897 m. SJ s.n.
(photo).

Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Benth. ex Scribn. [ Pleuraphis rigida Thurb.]. Big galleta. Perennial forb.
Local, uncommon. 809-844 m. SJ1448.

*Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev [H. stebbinsii Covas; H. glaucum Steud.].

Smooth barley. Ephemeral. Local, uncommon. 619-819 m. SJ1381.

*Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang. Leporinum barley. Ephemeral. Local,
uncommon. 785-820 m. JB1.

Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey. Bullgrass. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; relict grassland community
on northeast- facing slope of Brown's Mountain. 865-880 m. SJ1618.

Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Trin. Littleseed muhly. Ephemeral. Local, rare; northern preserve.
840-881 m. CH3.

Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal. Bush muhly. Perennial forb. Frequent, occasional. 754-1151
m. SJ1421.

Panicum hirticaule J. Presl. ssp. hirticaule. Mexican panicgrass. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 822-1081
m. SJ1582.

Pappostipa speciosa (Trin. & Rupr.) Romasch. [Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth],
Desert needlegrass. Perennial forb. Local, occasional; diorite exposure, Tom's Thumb, East End,
northern preserve. 929-1151 m. SJ1498.

*Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link. Buffelgrass. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 527-1122 m.

SJ1510, JP27.

*Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Crimson fountaingrass. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon;
washes and slopes. 584-1 118 m. SJ1361.

*Phalaris minor Retz. Littleseed canarygrass. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; in Black Hill Tank sediments
northeast of Fraesfield Mountain. 785 m. SJ1774.

Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribn. Bigelow's bluegrass. Ephemeral. Frequent, uncommon; shady areas.
516—1 153 m. BS2.

*Polypogon monspeliensis ( L.) Desf. Annual rabbitsfoot grass. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare; cattle tank
under power line. 738 m. SJ1638.

*Schismus arabicus Nees. Arabian schismus. Ephemeral. Widespread, abundant. 534— 1169 m.
SJ1388.

*Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. Common Mediterranean grass. Ephemeral. Widespread,
abundant. 534-1 169 m. BP6.

Sporobolus cryptandnis (Torr.) A. Gray. Sand dropseed. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare. 824-1153 m.
SJ1670, SJ1807.

Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash var. muticus. Slim tridens. Perennial forb. Local, uncommon. 735-
1155 m. SJ1437, MJ25.

Urochloa arizonica (Scribn. & Merr.) O. Morrone & F. Zuloaga. [ Panicum arizonicum Scribn. &
Merr.] Arizona signalgrass. Ephemeral. Scarce, rare. 1126 m. SJ1674.

Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro var. ciliata (Beal) Lonard & Gould. Eastwood fescue. Ephemeral.
Local, uncommon. 765-1 137 m. MJ3.

Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro var. pauciflora (Scribn. ex Beal) Lonard & Gould. Pacific fescue.

Ephemeral. Local, occasional. 845-969 m. BS3.

Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. octoflora. Sixweeks fescue. Ephemeral. Widespread,
occasional. 717-965 m. SJ1405.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

27

Typhaceae

Typha domingensis Pers. Southern cattail. Perennial forb. Scarce, rare; Frazier Spring on Tom's
Thumb trail. 767-974 m. CH37.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Nina Mason Pulliam Charitable Trust for funding this
study. We greatly appreciate the support and direction provided by Lesley Forst and
Melanie Tluczek of the McDowell Sonoran Conservancy. We thank Claire Miller,
Robbin Schweitzer, Scott Hamilton and Kroy Ekblaw of the City of Scottsdale for
support, direction and for providing the necessary permits. Wendy Hodgson, Liz
Makings, Brenton Scott and Liz Slauson provided valuable advice and assistance in the
field and in the herbarium, and we thank them very much. Thanks also to Les Landrum
for identification of several specimens, to Don Pinkava for assistance with
identification of th q Ambrosia hybrid, and to Michael Windham for confirmation of the
specimen of Astrolepis windhamii. Special thanks to the MSC stewards who
participated in the parabotanist/lead collector training and collected a large number of
the specimens, Con Englehom, Dan Gruber, Marianne Jensen, Joni Millavec, Joyce
Peters, and Barb Pringle. Thanks also to the MSC stewards who joined in the organized
collection events, Paul Brosseit, Denise Carpenter, Carol Carriere, Sandy Fefes, Bemie
Finkel, Judi Irons, Lisa Miller, Jim Smith and Kathy Ann Walsh, and the many others,
stewards and not, who participated in fieldwork and specimen processing. Thanks to
Walter Fertig, Sarah Hunkins and Les Landrum for reviewing the manuscript, to Brian
Gootee and Len Marcisz for reviewing portions of the manuscript, and to Dan Gruber
and Melanie Tluczek for helpful comments.

Literature Cited

BALDWIN, B. G., D. W. KYHOS, S. N. MARTENS, F. C. VASEK and B. L. WESSA.

1996. Natural hybridization between species of Ambrosia and Hymenoclea salsola
(Compositae). Madrono 43: 15-27.

BROWN, D. E., and C. H. LOWE. 1982. Biotic Communities of the Southwest. Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, U.S. Forest Service. General Technical
Report RM-78 (map).

CAMP, P. D. 1986. Soil Survey of Aguila-Carefree Area, Parts of Maricopa and Pinal
Counties, Arizona. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

DANIEL, T. F. and M. L. BUTTER WICK. 1992. Flora of the South Mountains of south-
central Arizona. Desert Plants 10; 99-1 19.

DIMMITT, M. A. 2000. Biomes and communities of the Sonoran desert region. Pp. 3-18.

In: S. J. Phillips and P. Wentworth Comus (eds.). A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert:
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. University of California Press, Berkeley.

DOORN, P. L. and T. L. PEWE. 1991 . Geologic and Gravimetric Investigations of the
Carefree Basin, Maricopa County, Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper 8.

28

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE, eds. 1993+. Flora of North
America North of Mexico. 16+vols. New York and Oxford.

HARRINGTON, H. D. 1957. How to identify plants . The Swallow Press, Chicago.

GOLDMAN, D. and WARD, J. 2010. A survey of the vascular flora in the area of Lime
Creek, Maricopa County, Arizona: a unique upland Sonoran desert environment. Canotia 6:
1-25.

HODGSON, W. C. 2001 . Food Plants of the Sonoran Desert. The University of Arizona
Press, Tucson, Arizona.

JONES, T. 2012. Broken Down Cowboys: A summary of ranching in North Scottsdale and
the McDowell Sonoran Preserve, Maricopa County, Arizona 1915-1970. Archaeological
Consulting Services Project 12-106-HDOC.

KEARNEY, T. H., R. H. PEEBLES and collaborators. 1960. Arizona Flora. 2nd ed.
University of California Press, Berkeley.

LANE, M. A. 1981. Vegetation and flora of McDowell Mountain Regional Park, Maricopa
County, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 16: 29-38.

LUND, B. 2011. Vascular plant flora of the Hummingbird Springs Wilderness. Canotia 7:
14-40.

MENSING, S. and R. BYRNE. 1998. Pre-mission invasion of Erodium cicutarium in
California. Journal of Biogeography 25: 757-762.

NATIONS, D. and E. STUMP. 1981. Landforms. Pp. 79-97. In: D. Nations and E. Stump.
Geology of Arizona. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque.

SALO, L. F. 2005. Red brome ( Bromus rubens subsp. madritensis [.s/e]) in North America:
possible modes for early introduction, subsequent spread. Biological Invasions 7: 165-180.

SOUTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION NETWORK, SEINet. 2013.
http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php. Accessed May to August.

SKOTNICKI, S. J. 1996. Geologic Map of Portions of the Fort McDowell and McDowell
Peak quadrangles, Maricopa County, Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey Open File Report
96-11.

STEVENS, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012
[and more or less continuously updated since].

http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. Accessed in January 2014.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA). 2013. The PLANTS
Database, http://plants.usda.gov/. Accessed in July.

VAN DEVENDER, T.R. and M.L. DIMMITT. 1999. Desert grasses. Pp. 265-280. In: S.
J. Phillips and P. Wentworth Comus (eds.). A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert:
Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. University of California Press, Berkeley.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

29

VASCULAR PLANTS OF ARIZONA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE. 1992+. Vascular Plants
of Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science and Canotia (all
contributions are available at http://www.canotia.org/vpajproject.html). Accessed July 2013.

WRIGHT, T. E. 2002. Archaeological overview. Pp. 9-16. In T. E. Wright. Archaeological
testing of AZ U: 1 :25 (ASM), the Brown’s Ranch rock shelter site, in Northern Scottsdale,
Maricopa County, Arizona. The Arizona Archaeologist 33.

30

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

Appendix A. Previous collections from within the current preserve boundaries. Jones
specimens are in his personal collection.

Astrolepis cochisensis var. cochisensis

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Ephedra aspera

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Adenophyllum porophylloides

Jones 599

Ambrosia deltoidea

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Cirsium neomexicanum

Jones 608

Erigeron divergens

Jones 574

Machaeranthera pinnatifida

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Stephanomeria pauciflora

Jones 603

Amsinckia intermedia

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Plagiobothrys arizonicus

Cates s.n. (UCR)

Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major

Cates s.n. (ASU, UCR)

Cylindropuntia bigelovii

Cates s.n. (ASU, UCR)

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Chamaesyce arizonica

Jones 604

Chamaesyce melanadenia

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Astragalus nuttallianus

Jones 605

Parkinsonia florida

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Fouquieria splendens

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Phacelia distans

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Krameria erecta

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Marrubium vulgare

Jones 607

Mentzelia involucrata

Smith s.n. (ASU)

Janusia gracilis

Jones 600

Malva pan’iflora

Jones 606

Menodora scabra

Jones 598

Orobanche cooperi

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Claytonia perfoliata

Jones 580

Galium aparine

Jones 573

Galium stellatum ssp. eremicum

Jones 581, 601

Castilleja applegatei ssp. martinii

Jones 577

Penstemon subulatus

Jones 579

Simmondsia chinensis

Jones 575, 576

Aloysia wrightii

Jones 602

Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida

Cates s.n. (ASU, UCR)

Larrea tridentata

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Agave murpheyi

Hodgson 8102 (ASU, DES)

Aristida adscensionis

Cates s.n. (ASU)

Hilaria belangeri

Hodgson 8103 (ASU, DES)

Vulpia microstachys var. ciliata

Jones 578

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

31

Appendix B. Collectors and the location of their material.

JB

Jen Bmening

ASU

CE

Con Englehorn

DES

DG

Dan Gruber

DES

CH

Chelsey Hull

ASU

WH

Wendy Hodgson

DES

MJ

Marianne Jensen

DES, General Observations (SEINet)

SJ

Steve Jones

ASU, General Observations (SEINet)

LM

Liz Makings

ASU

JM

Joni Millavec

DES

JP

Joyce Peters

DES

BP

Barb Pringle

DES

BS

Brenton Scott

ASU

MT

Melanie Tluczek

General Observations (SEINet)

32

CanotiaVol. 10

2014

N

M Dowell .V'fii'ian

Cholla Mountain

Brown’s Mountain
Cone Mountain

Granite Mountain

Rawhide Wash

"Jx

.Troon North outflow

fraesfield Mountairt ' K

r..\t 'N

k_

r

128th St stock tank

Legend

%> '

isSsT

Tarn's Thumb

• feast End*

Gateway Trailhead

• *

Frazier Spring

■ • *• i •;

McDowell Peak

*' _p'" ■ '*’;Jts*Rl

Thompson Peak

Marcus Landslide

Windmill

*

. Dixie Mine

•t

Quartz Wash

i MSI Recommended Study Houndary
Major washes
MSP access areas
HI To m o National Forest

McDowell Mountain Regional Park

Canotia-caliche field

Officia! trails as of November 2013

Base Data Courtesy of the City ol Scottsdale

,2'i

Lost Dog Wash* ; .

0 1 2

Scale 1 60.000 meters

Figure 1. McDowell Sonoran Preserve study area boundary and place names.

2014

Flora of the McDowell Sonoran Preserve

33

Figure 2. (A) McDowell Mountain range in the background with Pinnacle Peak Pediment in
the foreground, looking southwest from near McDowell Mountain Regional Park boundary.
(B) Agave murpheyi on eastern slope of McDowell Peak; single large plant and several smaller
ones, with numerous old remains. (C) Tree-like Canotia holacantha on caliche exposure south
of Cholla Mountain. (D) Tube-like woody remains of Canotia holacantha burned in 1992
Granite fire. These were common in burned areas where C. holacantha grew. (E) Many
Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus like this one were left exposed by the 1995 Rio fire.
(F) Greenhouse trays one month after planting.

34

CanotiaVol. 10

2014

Figure 3. (A) Putative hybrid of Ambrosia ambrosioides * Ambrosia salsola , male and female
inflorescences. (B) Ambrosia ambrosioides x Ambrosia salsola , leaves with Eriophyid mite
galls. (C) New Maricopa County record: Astrolepis windhamii. (D) New Maricopa County
record: Allionia choisyi. (E) New Maricopa County record: Portulaca pilosa. Note swollen
taproot. (F) Greenhouse-grown Jimcus bufonius , cultivated from a soil sample collected in a
major wash through Brown's Ranch.

New Records for the Flora of Arizona

JUNCACEAE

Juncus bryoides FJ. Hermann. Juncus bryoides is a dwarf, annual rush with
sterns under 25 mm tall that are terminated by a single flower. The scape and flower
or fruit resemble the sporophyte of a moss, accounting for its specific epithet,
bryoides (moss-like). This species is native and occurs sporadically from southern
Oregon and Idaho to western Colorado, southern Utah, southern California, and
Mexico (Brooks and Clemants 2000). In Arizona it is presently known from a single
specimen {Marc A. Baker, Theresa Wright, and lan Trushell 10686, ASU #19826)
collected in Yavapai County on 2 May 1993. This population was found northwest of
Prescott, 3.1 km southeast of Stinson Mountain near the intersection of Forest roads
705 and 9897B on Prescott National Forest. The Arizona population represents a
range extension of nearly 300 km from the nearest known population in southern
Kane County, Utah (Fertig 21907, BRY).

The collection by Baker, Wright, and Trushell was originally identified as
Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees, and will key to this taxon in the Arizona Flora (Kearney
and Peebles 1960). The name Juncus sphaerocarpus may belong to an unrelated
Mediterranean species not found in North America (Cronquist et al. 1977). Recent
floras have treated J. sphaerocarpus as a synonym of J. bufonius L. var. occidentalis
F.J. Herm. (Zika 2012) or ignored it completely (Brooks and Clemants 2000).

I first encountered the Baker et al. collection while imaging the ASU Juncus
collections for SEINet in May 2014. I immediately recognized the diminutive
specimen as being Juncus bryoides, based on my field experience with the species in
southern Utah. Juncus bryoides and J. bufonius are the only annual Juncus species in
the flora of Arizona, but can be readily distinguished by their stature and
inflorescence characters (Figure 1). Juncus bryoides has a basal cluster of leaves and
leafless scapes averaging 3-20 mm long, topped by a solitary, reddish-purple, flower
with tepals 1.5-2. 3 mm long. By contrast, J. bufonius typically has leafy stems up to
30 cm tall and a branched, raceme-like interrupted spike of 2-20 flowers, with
greenish or hay-colored sepals over 3 mm long.

The population of J. bryoides from Yavapai County, Arizona, is unusual in
being from a barren site within a pine-oak woodland. Welsh et al. (2008) report this
species from conifer, aspen, and mountain brush communities, but usually associated
with washes, springs, or seeps. Populations from southern Utah are associated with
ephemeral wetlands found in stabilized sand dunes derived from Navajo Sandstone.
Similar habitats are likely to occur in the Arizona Strip in northern Coconino,
Mohave, Navajo, and Apache counties. Due to the plant’s tiny size, it is easily
overlooked and may be more widespread than presently known.

Acknowledgments

My herbarium assistant, Beedemariam Kassaw, first brought this collection to
my attention when he couldn’t get the camera to properly focus on the tiny plants I
was asking him to photograph. Max Licher and Glenn Rink, who are working on a
treatment of Juncaceae for the Vascular Plants of Arizona Project, corroborated the
identification.

New Records for the Flora of Arizona: Juncaceae. Canotia 10:35-37. 2014. ©W. Fertig.

36

Canotia Vol. 10

2014

Literature Cited

BROOKS, R.E. and S.E. CLEMANTS. 2000. Juncaceae. Pp 21 1-267. In: Flora of North
America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Volume 22:
Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford
University Press, New York. 352 pp.

CRONQUIST, A., A.H. HOLMGREN, N.H. HOLMGREN, J.L. REVEAL, and P.K.
HOLMGREN. 1977. Intermountain Flora, Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West,
U.S.A. Volume Six, The Monocotyledons. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 584 pp.

KEARNEY, T.H. and R. H. PEEBLES. 1960. Arizona Flora, second edition with
supplement. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1085 pp.

WELSH, S.L., N.D. ATWOOD, S. GOODRICH, and L.C. HIGGINS. 2008. A Utah Flora,
fourth edition, revised. Print Services, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 1019 pp.

ZIKA, P.F. 2012. Juncaceae. Pp 1361-1375. In: Baldwin, B.G., D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R.
Patterson, T.J. Rosattii, and D.H. Wilken, eds. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of
California, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. 1568 pp.

— Walter Fertig, Herbarium, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,
wfertig@asu.edu

2014

New Records for the Flora of Arizona

37

Figure 1. One plant of Juncus hufonius (Keil 11425, ASLJ) on left compared with several
plants of J. bryoides {Baker et al. 10686, ASU) on right.

3 5185 00322 51

07

Index to Families of the Vascular Plants of Arizona

Bolded treatments are published in volumes 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 35 of the Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science
(JANAS) or in subsequent volumes (e.g., 1-10) of CANOTIA. Unbolded entries indicate families with no treatments published to date.
Figure numbers refer to illustrations in the “Key to Families of Vascular Plants in Arizona” in JANAS 35(2). Selected VPA treatments
originally published in JANAS are also available as pdf fdes online (http://www.canotia.org/vpa proiect.html).

Acanthaceae (Fig. 3)

Aceraceae JANAS 29(1):2. 1995. (L.R. Landrum)

Adiantaceae (Fig. 1)

Agavaceae Part 1: Agave JANAS 32(1):1. 1999. (W.
Hodgson)

Aizoaceae Alismataceae Amaranthaceae (Fig. 4)
Anacardiaceae CANOTIA 3(2):13. 2007. (J.L. Anderson)
Apiaceae (Fig. 5)

Apocynaceae JANAS 27(2):164. 1994. (S.P. McLaughlin)

Araceae

Araliaceae

Arecaceae JANAS 32(1):22. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Aristolochiaceae JANAS 32(1):24. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Asclepiadaceae JANAS 27(2): 169. 1994. (E. Sundell)
Aspleniaceae
Asteraceae (Figs. 6-7)

Azollaceae CANOTIA 4(2):31. 2008. (G. Yatskievych and
M.D. Windham)

Berberidaceae JANAS 26(1):2. 1992. (J.E. LaFerriere; Fig.
9)

Betulaceae JANAS 33(1):1. 2001. (J.W. Brasher)
Bignoniaceae JANAS 32(1):26. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Bixaceae JANAS 27(2): 188. 1994. (W. Hodgson)
Blechnaceae CANOTIA 4(2):35. 2008. (G. Yatskievych and
M.D. Windham; Fig. 1)

Boraginaceae (Fig. 9)

Brassicaceae

Bromeliaceae CANOTIA 3(2):23. 2007. (R. Gutierrez, Jr.)
Buddlejaceae JANAS 26(1):5. 1992. (E.M. Norman)
Burseraceae JANAS 32(1):29. 1999. (A. Salywon)

Cactaceae Part One: The Cereoid Cacti JANAS 29(1):6.
1995. (D.J. Pinkava)

Cactaceae Part Two: Echinocactus JANAS 29(1):13. 1995.
(M. Chamberland)

Cactaceae Part Three: Cylindropuntia JANAS 32(1):32.
1999. (D.J. Pinkava)

Cactaceae Part Four: Grusonia JANAS 32(1):48. 1999.

(D.J. Pinkava)

Cactaceae Part Five: Pediocactus and Sclerocactus JANAS
33(1):9. 2001. (K.D. Heil and J.M. Porter)
Cactaceae Part Six: Opuntia JANAS 35(2): 137. 2003. (D.J.
Pinkava).

Callitrichaceae JANAS 29(1):15. 1995. (J. Ricketson)
Campanulaceae

Cannabaceae JANAS 32(1):53. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)

Capparaceae (Fig. 8)

Caprifoliaceae (Fig. 10)

Caryophyilaceae (Fig. 10)

Celastraceae JANAS 30(2):57. 1998. (J.W. Brasher)
Ceratophyllaceae JANAS 29(1):17. 1995. (J. Ricketson)
Chenopodiaceae (Fig. 9)

Clusiaceae

Commelinaceae JANAS 33(1):19. 2001. (R. Puente and R.
Faden)

Convolvulaceae JANAS 30(2):61. 1998. (D.F. Austin)
Comaceae

Crassulaceae JANAS 27(2):190. 1994. (R. Moran)
Crossosomataceae JANAS 26(1):7. 1992. (C. Mason)
Cucurbitaceae (Fig. 10)

Cupressaceae JANAS 27(2):195. 1994. (J. Bartel)

Cuscutaceae
Cyperaceae (Fig. 18)

Dennstaedtiaceae CANOTIA 4(2):38. 2008. (G.

Yatskievych and M.D. Windham; Fig. 1)

Dipsaceae JANAS 27(2):201. 1994. (J.E. LaFerriere)

Dryopteridaceae (Fig. 1 )

Elaeagnaceae

Elatinaceae
Ephedraceae (Fig. 2)

Ericaceae CANOTIA 4(2):21. 2008. (J.L. Anderson; Fig.

11)

Euphorbiaceae Part One: Acalypha and Cnidoscolus
JANAS 29(1): 18. 1995. (G.A. Levin)

Equisetaceae CANOTIA 4(2):41. 2008. (G. Yatskievych
and M.D. Windham)

Fabaceae Part One: Errazuria, Marina, Parryella, and

Psorothamnus CANOTIA 7:1. 2011 (S. Rhodes, J.
Beasley, and T. Ayers; Figs. 12-13)

Fagaceae JANAS 27(2):203. 1994. (L.R. Landrum)
Fouquieriaceae JANAS 32(1):55. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Fumariaceae JANAS 33(1):27. 2001. (S. Holiday and A.
Perez)

Garryaceae JANAS 33(1):31. 2001. (R. Puente and T.F.
Daniel)

Gentianaceae JANAS 30(2):84. 1998. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Geraniaceae (Fig. 14)

Grossulariaceae

Haloragaceae

Hippuridaceae JANAS 29(1):25. 1995. (J. Ricketson)

Hydrangeaceae
Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrophyllaceae (Fig. 14)

Iridaceae Part One: Sisyrinchium JANAS 27(2):215. 1994.

(A.F. Cholewa and D.M. Henderson)

Iridaceae Part Two: Iris and Nemastylis JANAS 33(1):35.
2001. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)

Isoetaceae CANOTIA 5(1):27. 2009. (G. Yatskievych and
M.D. Windham)

Juglandaceae JANAS 27(2):219. 1994. (J.E. LaFerriere)
Juncaceae (Fig. 19)

Juncaginaceae

Key to Families of Vascular Plants in Arizona JANAS
35(2):88. 2003. (D J. Keil)

Krameriaceae JANAS 32(1):57. 1999. (B.B. Simpson and A.
Salywon)

Lamiaceae Part One: Agastache, Hyptis, Lamium,

Leonurus, Marrubium, Monarda, Monardella,
Nepeta, Salazaria, Stachys, Teucrium, and
Trichostema JANAS 35(2):151. 2003. (C.M.
Christy, D.Z. Damrel, A. Henry, A. Trauth- Nare,
R. Puente-Martinez, and G. Walters)

Lemnaceae JANAS 26(1):10. 1992. (E. Landolt)
Lennoaceae JANAS 27(2):220. 1994. (G. Yatskievych)
Lentibulariaceae CANOTIA 8(2):54-58. 2012. (B. Rice)
Liliaceae (Fig. 19)

Linaceae

Loasaceae JANAS 30(2):96. 1998. (C.M. Christy)

Lythraceae

Malpighiaceae

Malvaceae Part One: All genera except Sphaeralce a.

JANAS 27(2):222. 1994. (P.A. Fryxell)
Marsileaceae CANOTIA 5(1):30. 2009. (G. Yatskievych
and M.D. Windham)

Martyniaceae CANOTIA 3(2):26. 2007. (R. Gutierrez, Jr.)
Meliaceae

Menispermaceae JANAS 27(2):237. 1994. (J.E. LaFerriere)
Menyanthaceae JANAS 33(1):38. 2001. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Monotropaceae JANAS 26(1):15. 1992. (E. Haber)
Molluginaceae JANAS 30(2):112. 1998. (C.M. Christy)

Moraceae

Najadaceae

Nyctaginaceae (Fig. 14)

Nymphaeaceae JANAS 29(1):26. 1995. (J. Ricketson)

Oleaceae (Fig. 15)

Onagraceae (Fig. 15)

Ophioglossaceae

Orchidaceae

Orobanchaceae

Oxalidaceae JANAS 30(2): 115. 1998. (R. Ornduff and M.
Denton)

Papaveraceae JANAS 30(2):120. 1998. (G.B. Ownbev with
contributions by J.W. Brasher and C. Clark)
Passifloraceae JANAS 33(1):41. 2001. (J.M. MacDougal)
Phytolaccaceae JANAS 33(1):46. 2001. (V. Steinmann)
Pinaceae

Plantaginaceae JANAS 32(1):62. 1999. (K.D. Huisinga and
TJ. Ayers)

Platanaceae JANAS 27(2):238. 1994. (J.E. LaFerriere)

Plumbaginaceae
Poaceae (Fig. 20)

Polemoniaceae CANOTIA 1:1. 2005. (D. Wilken and M.
Porter)

Polygalaceae
Polygonaceae (Fig. 15)

Polypodiaceae CANOTIA 5(1):34. 2009. (G. Yatskievych
and M.D. Windham; Fig. 1)

Pontederiaceae JANAS 30(2):133. 1998. (C.N. Horn)
Portulacaceae CANOTIA 2(1):1. 2006. (A. Bair, M. Howe,

D. Roth, R. Taylor, T. Ayers, and R.W. Kiger)
Potamogetonaceae

Primulaceae JANAS 26(1): 17. 1992. (A.F. Cholewa; Fig.

16)

Psilotaceae CANOTIA 3(2):32. 2007. (R. Gutierrez, Jr.)
Pyrolaceae JANAS 26(1):22. 1992. (E. Haber)

Rafflesiaceae JANAS 27(2):239. 1994. (G. Yatskievych)

Ranunculaceae (Fig. 15)

Resedaceae

Rhamnaceae CANOTIA 2(1):23. 2006. (K. Christie, M.

Currie, L. Smith Davis, M-E. Hill, S. Neal, and T.
Ayers)

Rosaceae Part One: Rubus. JANAS 33(1):50. 2001. (J.W.
Brasher)

Rubiaceae JANAS 29(1):29. 1995. (L. Dempster and E.T.

Terrell; Fig. 16)

Ruppiaceae

Rutaceae

Salicaceae Part One: Populus. JANAS 26(1):29. 1992. (J.E.
Eckenwalder)

Salicaceae Part Two. Salix. JANAS 29(1):39. 1995. (G.W.
Argus)

Salviniaceae CANOTIA 4(2):50. 2008. (G. Yatskievych and
M.D. Windham)

Santalaceae JANAS 27(2):240. 1994. (J.E. LaFerriere)
Sapindaceae JANAS 32(1):76. 1999. (A. Salywon)
Sapotaceae JANAS 26(1):34. 1992. (L.R. Landrum)
Saururaceae JANAS 32(1):83. 1999. (C.T. Mason, Jr.)
Saxifragaceae JANAS 26(1):36. 1992. (P. Elvander; Fig. 16)
Scrophulariaceae (Fig. 17)

Selaginellaceae CANOTIA 5(1):39. 2009. (G. Yatskievych
and M.D. Windham)

Simaroubaceae J ANAS 32(1 ):85. 1999. (J.W. Brasher)
Simmondsiaceae JANAS 29(1):63. 1995. (J. Rebman)
Solanaceae Part One: Datura. JANAS 33(1):58. 2001. (R.
Bye)

Solanaceae Part Two: Key to the Genera and Solanum.

CANOTIA 5(1):1. 2009. (S.T. Bates, F. Farruggia,

E. Gilbert R. Gutierrez, D. Jenke, E. Makings, E.
Manton, D. Newton, and L.R. Landrum)

Solanaceae Part Three: Lycium. CANOTIA 5( 1 ): 17. 2009.

(F. Chiang and L.R. Landrum)

Solanaceae Part Four: Physalis and Quincula. CANOTIA
9:1-12. 2013. (L.R. Landrum, A. Barber, K.
Barron, F.S. Coburn, K. Sanderford, and D.
Setaro)

Solanaceae Part Five: Chamaesaracha. CANOTIA 9:13-15.
2013. (E. Manton)

Sparganiaceae JANAS 33(1):65. 2001. (J. Ricketson)

Sterculiaceae

Tamaricaceae

Thelypteridaceae CANOTIA 5(1):49. 2009. (G.
Yatskievych and M.D. Windham)

Tiliaceae

Typhaceae JANAS 33(1):69. 2001. (J. Ricketson)
Ulmaceae JANAS 35(2):170. 2003. (J.W. Brasher)
Urticaceae JANAS 26(1):42. 1992. (D. Boufford)

Valeri anaceae
Verbenaceae

Violaceae. JANAS 33(1):73. 2001. (RJ. Little; Fig. 17)
Viscaceae JANAS 27(2):241. 1994. (F.G. Hawksworth and
D. Wiens)

Vitaceae
Zannichelliaceae
Zygophyllaceae (Fig. 17)