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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

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MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

MONOGRAPHS

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UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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WAS HIN GTOWN
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
19038

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR

T Bae

CARBONTFEROUS “AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA

JAMES PERRIN SMITH

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1903

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CON TEAS S.

Page.

TRGUE OH Tie saa TT oe S a5 cuesES Se Se SEE SESE OO5- 6556 SAS See Sn Seas S SEO OSU Rn SeeeC Ds Iac 9
Breface vie rise ie eee eae ae serie cela Sn cin DEI aE AS Be a See oe thine wieels eee a baemaaate 11
Siravicraphysoninemsmencan Carboniferous). --seeeassseqaeeme< seas sos ssece sce eeceeees 13
layers (Chin Seyi RO IE) S545 25 AS OES Ae eee, Orie 2 See oe er. eee eae” Cee aaa Sees 13

UEC aY Veval 10010) oe Soe Rea Ae cro cicicee eR SEI IS EOS icici ae cies eta 2) Sea eee ee 13

OSE Bre creer ee eee oars M2 ee re eee ai neers pee RRS Bae else ewes e eke 14

FS ied Dro BUSH CLOVES J SOs EAS ce Seep Ons ee eee Cia Se Ct oe eee ee 14
WipperCarhormenousme manasa te cecis aa stray eae eA eee eae Dace Sescaecehs 15
LowerCoalecasnmes) eee = scutes a2 c eee xia a eg se eicien cise eh ame Ssi- 15

Middle Coa] Measures... -.---- SSeS ais ett canbe = cies Jose ner weer: so os2o-E Sone as 15

Upper Coalleeasimes apts sass tak oe eerie Sate = ee eae ee ta saree ee tesla 15

(RG RINT ae ea See eee ee ie = ie ae a ak Sas Soni ne bape ee sl eee naman cate naines 16
Correlationstaplerofthe Canboniierous)-2- n.caacese eee acento ose eae sce see 17
Claseiiicanon oir aleozoicrammnOnolis ae eee ee cee sees a= ee cee nena eee eee een eens 19
MablerotPaleozoiciammona dkoencray ses e arene ee ene peeeeree Sanu ee ae 2 Rc meee 22
ATITION OMS On ue sim ericani@arhoniterouses-= 42 Hac 22-ssme oe eee LER Bees eee ease 25
Genera represente dye seta eee be ais 5 ae ses a eR eS sete eRe ee mee ee Se scat ee 25
Table of occurrence of ammonoid genera in the American Carboniferous -....--..--------- 27
Mablevotspeciesdescribed!*. 72 seen se: ements Aerie cei pe ae sae (Soa R eee 28
DEseniphionsionihe ispecies = 2-2 2, Se se ae sae etent secs oc seed eee ee Aeese ns cveek Ses ge se teeee 31
Bibliographiyecsae seas me sakes = vat ner eeeeee tc ome bee ceo cea nie shee se tee te eceehioase 147
iBscp lanai onslo i plaies seer cee <:5is A ORO oe Ce Hele ote wins one een ea owen so ee ee 151
Tlic pee artes ee ee ee oa sta MRSS Sas See eee ee moos Sena eae die sone s gatos beesesee 207

5

Puate I.
Pm:

II.
1M

VI.

\Ya te
VIII.

s Nelli:
Pexalive
ExaVie
XVI.

ILEUS TONS.

Phylopenic table of the Paleozoic ammonoidse-------2-_-.-------22e-- + deen seoee
EhyloreneitableotmGlyphioceratidse! jseereeetas ee =< ni. See nase sn emcetene
Figs. 1, 2, Schistoceras hildrethi Morton; figs. 3-13, Shumardites simondsi Smith ....---
Figs. 1-3, Gonioloboceras goniolobum Meek; figs. 4-8, Gastrioceras kingi Hall and
Whitfield; figs. 9-11, Paralegoceras baylorense White; figs. 12-14, Paralegoceras
ROUense Meek And), WiONthenl =< 5... .meeeeeee eee anoce dase sss -cesseeec-seececsee

. Figs. 1 and 2, Prionoceras ? brownense Miller; figs. 3 and 4, Muensteroceras ? indianense

Miller; figs. 5-7, Prolecanites ? compactus Meek and Worthen; figs. 8-10, Gastrioceras
nolinense Cox; fig. 11, Nomismoceras ? monroense Worthen.-..--.------------------
Fig. 1, Gastrioceras globulosum Meek and Worthen; figs. 2-5, Goniatites lunatus Miller
and Gurley; figs. 6-8, Prolecanites louisianensis Rowley; figs. 9-11, Bactrites car-
DOO rises thse meena a cere aaa cos cam ea one S aE eee ee catcee = nce esses
Agonianiesapimus) \Wihite:andiwW bithelden.- 2-2. ese oss eee eaecieioee eo -= ne -oe-5-
Fig. 1, Schistoceras missouriense Miller and Faber; figs. 2 and 3, Aganides ? sciotoensis
Miller and Faber; figs. 4 and 5, Prolecanites greenii Miller; figs. 6 and 7, Gastrioceras
occidentale Miller and Faber; figs. 8 and 9, Gonioloboceras ? limatum Miller and
Faber; figs. 10 and 11, Glyphioceras leviculum Miller and Faber...-..------------

. Figs. 1-3, Gastrioceras compressum Hyatt; figs. 4-7, Paralegoceras iowense Meek and

Worthen rata eer ete ras) 2 cnr ah, wees 2 2 FL A Ye SS see

. Figs. 1-11, Goniatites striatus Sowerby; figs. 12-16, Goniatites crenistria Phillips; figs.

LONG astriocenasentoqonum (Gab Dessias-i2 = sees saecees tee nt sees © =< sine

. Figs. 1-4, Gastrioceras carbonarium yon Buch; figs. 5-7, Pronorites siebenthaii Smith;

HEARS —l3 7, Astro CenasUnGnne;nvs SOLAS see se eames aee Soke eos as eases

. Figs. 1 and 2, Pronorites prepermicus Karpinsky; fig. 3, Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips;

figs. 4-9, Paralegoceras newsomi Smith; fig. 10, Glyphioceras diadema Goldtuss; fig.
11, Tornoceras retrorsum von Buch; figs. 12-15, Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips var.
CQTEACTISCSONSTS! SIN LI = eee ee ore Se ee ge a= Snel eo eleimieticie cee Se eee =
Figs. 1-5, Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips; figs. 6-15, Gastrioceras listeri Martin... ..---.
Gonmmautesicrenisiria EO ps sy lanVveali staves: Sear enema. jase ieee cies = esi see eee
Goniatites crenistria Phillips, development from adolescence to maturity ....---------
Fig. 1, Goniatites crenistria Phillips, development of the septa; fig. 2, Gastrioceras excelsum
Meek; fig. 3, Muensteroceras parallelum Hall; figs. 4-5, Pericyclus blairi Miller and
Gurley; figs. 6-8, Milleroceras parrishi Miller and Gurley; figs. 9-11, Neoicoceras
elkhornense Miller and Gurley; figs. 12-14; Gastrioceras montgomeryense Miller and
Gurley; figs. 15-17, Schistoceras fultonense Miller and Gurley; fig. 18, Prolecanites
lyoni Meek and Worthen; fig. 19, Aganides votatorius de Koninck; fig. 20, Pericyclus
kochi Holzapfel; fig. 21, Popanoceras parkeri Heilprin.-.--.....-..-----------------

160
162

168

170

172
174
176
178

PLATE XVII.

XVIII.
XIX.
XX.

XXI.

SOOT

Xe
/ XXVIIT.
XXITX.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fig. 1, Goniatites kentuckiensis Miller; figs. 2-5, Goniatites newsomi Smith; figs. 6-8,
Gastrioceras illinoisense Miller and Gurley; figs. 9-11, Gastrioceras kansasense
Miller and Gurley; figs. 12-14, Goniatites greencastlensis Miller and Gurley; figs.
15-17, Gastrioceras subcavum Miller and Gurley; figs. 18-20, Aganides jessiex
Wi bolllere gavel Gqivdesy=, sede eoeseecs es -eeso- Socccoe scan sobeccenecesceesesscsac

Glyphioceras calyx Phillips, development from early larval stage to maturity. ----

Figs. 1-2, Muensteroceras parallelum Hall; figs. 3-8, Muensteroceras oweni Hall; figs.
9-11, Prolecanites lyoni Meek and Worthen; figs. 12-14, Aganides rotatorius de
Koninelatssessne sence cccctls 22202 see eee ee lepiseiaiet se Sasso fe-se eeepc

Figs. 1-8, Schistoceras hyatti Smith; figs. 9-11, Gonioloboceras wellert Smith; figs.

12-15, Dimorphoceras texanum Smith_-.-.--..--------.------------------------

Figs. 1-6, Gonioloboceras welleri Smith; figs. 7-9, Gastrioceras globulosum Meek
and Worthen; figs. 10-13, Schistoceras hyatti Smith; figs. 14-16, Popanoceras
ganti Smith; figs. 17-19, Agathiceras ciscoense Smith; figs. 20-22, Schuchertites
Gina Ooi POSTON 6 Geen ape enone sogc acne soc adessaccaso ane ssasanesaessossc

. Figs. 1-3, Medlicottia copei White; figs. 4-8, Waagenoceras cwmminsi White; figs.

OI, Povanocends walcoun WiNite= se ce ne == == eee eee ee eee ele

PeProdromiies GOnvy yA else eee as ee nea eee Pe eee nee ee eee
. Figs. 1-4, Prolecanites gurleyi Smith; figs. 5-7, Aganides discoidalis Smith; figs.

8-12, Muensteroceras osagense Swallow; figs. 13-20, Gastrioceras welleri Smith... -

. Figs. 1 and 2, Prodromites gorbyi Miller; figs. 3 and 4, Prodromites prematurus

Smith and Weller; fig. 5, Hedenstremia mojsisovicsi Diener; figs. 6-8 Prodromites
CPOE Site, 6 ~ Ge sew pee cian ence asco Sbcomestosnndssoes: ested oose sade
Figs. 1-5, Goniatiles crenistria Phillips; figs. 6-13, Goniatites striatus Sowerby; figs.
14=18) (Goniarites subernculams Millers 2 = je === === ee eee = ee eee
IVVILLG ELOCET 8) LUG pS ECE ht ee
(GOSITOCERAS) CX CELSUNT | NUCOK mse eee at at te eae ale
Gastrioceras excelsum WEG K. een sajna ae gms aia lm = oo lalallala

Page.

182
184

186

188

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

Sranrorp University, Cau., May 17, 1901.

Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript and draw-
ings for a paper entitled The Carboniferous Ammonoids of America, in
which all the Carboniferous ammonoid genera and species known in
America are listed, described, and, where possible, figured.

A phylogenic classification of the Paleozoic ammonoids is attempted,
which, it is hoped, will prove useful to students of systematic paleontology.

Very respectfully,
JAMES PERRIN SMITH.

Hon. Cuarues D. Watcort,

Director United States Geological Survey.

PREFACE.

A number of years ago the writer began his studies of American
Carboniferous ammonoids with the preparation of a report on Marine Fossils
from the Coal Measures of Arkansas for the geological survey of Arkansas,
under the directorship of Prof. John C. Branner, State geologist. This
work has been continued uninterruptedly since then in connection with
the writer’s studies in the cephalopods of the Trias.

{n the prosecution of these studies the writer has spent much time in
the field in Arkansas and Texas, and has had access to the material collected
by the geological surveys of those two States.

The writer desires to make acknowledgment to the gentlemen named
below for courtesies in the loan of specimens and for assistance in the
prosecution of this work:

Dr. John C. Branner, of Leland Stanford Junior University, formerly
State geologist of Arkansas, for the opportunity of studying the collections
of Carboniferous cephalopods made by the geological survey of Arkansas.

Dr. Stuart Weller, of the University of Chicago, for the opportunity
of studying the Gurley collection (the richest in the United States in
Carboniferous ammonoids), for the loan of specimens and drawings, and
for much valuable assistance.

Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, for the lcan of specimens and for valuable advice
and suggestions

Prof. Robert T. Jackson, of Harvard University, for the loan of
specimens.

Mr. Charles Schuchert, of the U. 8S. National Museum, for the use of
specimens.

Messrs. E. T. Durrble and W. F. Cummins, of the geological survey
of Texas, and Prof. F. W. Simonds, of the University of Texas, for the
opportunity of studying the collections of the geological survey and of the
university.

Mr. G. A. Graham and Dr. Gant, of Graham, Tex., for the gift of

valuable specimens.
11

THE CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

By JAMES PERRIN SMITH.

STRATIGRAPHY OF THE AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS.
LOWER CARBONIFEROUS.

Kinderhook.—TVhe oldest Carboniferous fauna of America is typically
developed in the northern part of the Mississippi Valley, where the
formations in which it is found have been called Kinderhook, Chouteau,
Marshall, and Waverly. Ammonoids of this epoch are best known from
the goniatite beds of Rockford, Ind., where the following species have been
found: Prolecanites lyoni Meek and Worthen, Aganides rotatorius de Koninck,
Muensteroceras owent Hall, M. parallelum Hall, Prodromites gorbyi Miller,
P. prematurus Smith and Weller. In addition to these, the Kinderhook
stage of other parts of the State has furnished Prolecanites greenii Miller
and Muensteroceras indianense Miller. ‘The Chouteau limestone near Sedalia
and Louisiana, Mo., has also furnished a number of ammonoids: Prolecanites
louisianensis Rowley, P. gurleyi Smith, Aganides jessiee Miller and Gurley,
A, discoidalis Smith, Prodromites gorbyi Miller, P. ornatus Smith, Pericyclus
blairt Miller and Gurley, Muensteroceras ? holmesi Swallow, M. ? morganense
Swallow, and M.? osagense Swallow.

The Marshall group of Michigan has furnished Prolecanites houghtoni
Winchell, P. marshallensis Winchell, Muensteroceras oweni Hall, M. parallelum
Hall, MW. holmesi Swallow, Prionoceras ? andrewsi Winchell, <Aganides ?
propinquus Winchell, A. romingert Winchell, A. shumardianus Winchell,
Glyphioceras ? pygmeum Winchell.

The Lower Waverly, or Kinderhook, of Ohio has furnished Prolecanites
lyont Meek and Worthen, P. marshallensis Winchell, Prionoceras ? andrewsi
Winchell, P.? ohioense Winchell, Aganides ? shumardianus Winchell.

13

14 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The Kinderhook stage of Iowa has furnished Prodromites gorbyi
Miller, Agoniatites opimus White and Whitfield.

Cephalopod faunas of the Tournaisian formation, the European equiv-
alent of the Kinderhook, are known at Tournai in Belgium, Erdbach in
Germany, and in Ireland, where the most characteristic genera are Aganides,
Prolecanites, Pericyclus, and Muensteroceras, some of the species probably
being identical with American forms.

Cephalopod faunas of Tournaisian age are not yet known elsewhere
in the world. u

Osage——While marine deposits of Osage or Burlington-Keokuk age
are widely distributed in America, ammonoids are cited from but two
places—from the Burlington limestone of Louisiana, Mo. (Muenstero-
ceras? osagense Swallow), and from the Upper Waverly formation of Ohio
(Aganides? sciotoensis Miller and Faber).

St. Louis-Chester. —The St. Louis-Chester, or Ste. Genevieve, stage
of Indiana and Kentucky has furnished the following species: Glyphio-
ceras leviculum Miller and Faber, Gonioloboceras? limatum Miller and Faber,
Goniatites kentuckiensis Miller, G. greencastlensis Miller and Gurley, G.
subcircularis Miller

The only goniatite found in Hlinois in this formation is Nomismoceras?
monroense Worthen.

The lower part of the St. Louis-Chester stage in Arkansas, the
so-called Fayetteville shale, has yielded Bactrites carbonarius Smith,
Glyphioceras calyx Phillips, Goniatites crenistria Phillips, G. newsomi Smith,
G. sphericus Martin, G. striatus Sowerby, G. subcircularis Miller. The
upper part of the St. Louis-Chester in Arkansas, the Boston group, has
yielded Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips, var. arkansasensis Smith, and Gastrio-
ceras branneri Smith.

The Bend formation of Texas, which has been assigned by the writer
to the St. Louis-Chester, has yielded Goniatites crenistria Phillips, G. striatus
Sowerby, Gastrioceras compressum Hyatt, G. entogonum Gabb, Paralegoceras
iowense Meek and Worthen, and P. teranum Shumard.

Cephalopod faunas of St. Louis-Chester age are known in the Visé
formation of Europe at Visé in Belgium, at Bolland in Yorkshire; in the
Culm of the Hartz Mountains; in the upper Kohlenkalk of Silesia; and
in the Carboniferous limestone of the Pyrenees in Spain. The most char-

STRATIGRAPHY OF AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS. 15

acteristic forms of the Visé formation are Goniatites crenistria Phillips, G.
sphericus Martin, G. striatus Sowerby, Glyphioceras calyx Phillips, all of
which occur in America in the same horizon.

UPPER CARBONIFEROUS.

Lower Coal Measures—Goniatites are known certainly in America
from the Lower Coal Measures at but a single locality, near Morrillton, in
Arkansas, where Paralegoceras newsomi Smith was found; this rarity of
cephalopods from this horizon is due in part to the fact that the marine
beds of the Lower Coal Measures have been deposited chiefly in the South-
west, and that most of this time is represented in Missouri, Illinois, Indiana,
and adjacent States by an erosion interval.

Middle Coal Measures.—The Middle or Productive Coal Measures have
furnished goniatites in but few places. The following fossils have been found
in this formation: In Illinois, Prolecanites ? compactus Meek and Worthen,
Glyphioceras hathawayanum McChesney; in lowa, Paralegoceras iowense Meek
and Worthen; in Kentucky, Gastrioceras occidentale Miller and Faber, G.
nolinense Cox, Neoicoceras elkhornense Miller and Gurley, Goniatites lunatus
Miller and Gurley; in Arkansas, Gastrioceras excelsum Meek, G. globulosum
Meek and Worthen, G. carbonarium Buch, G. listeri Martin, Pronorites sieben-
thali Smith; in Missouri, Goniatites politus Shumard, Gastrioceras welleri
Smith; in Texas, Popanoceras parkeri Heilprin.

This formation has commonly been called Lower Coal Measures in
the States within the Mississippi Valley, but it does not form the bottom
of the series, and in Arkansas is separated from the limestones of the
Mississippian by several thousand feet of shales and sandstones—the
so-called Arkansan formation.

This fauna is represented in the zone of Gastrioceras listeri in western
Europe, especially in Silesia, Belgium, and England.

Upper Coal Measures —TVhe Upper Coal Measures have furnished the
following species: In Illinois, Gastrioceras globulosum Meek and Worthen,
G. montgomeryense Miller and Gurley, G. illinoisense Miller and Gurley,
Gonioloboceras wellert Smith, Schistoceras fultonense Miller and Gurley; in
Ohio, Schistoceras hildrethi Morton, ‘‘Goniatites” colubrellus Morton; in
Missouri, Milleroceras parrishi Miller and Gurley, Gastrioceras eaxcelsum
Meek, G. kansasense Miller and Gurley, G. planorbiforme Shumard, G.

16 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

subcavum Miller and Gurley, Schistoceras missouriense Miller and Faber; in
Kansas, ‘‘Goniatites” parvus Shumard; in Texas, Gonioloboceras welleri
Smith, Dimorphoceras texanum Smith, Agathiceras ciscoense Smith, Popano-
ceras ganti Smith, Shumardites simondsi Smith, Schistoceras hildrethi Morton,
S. hyatti Smith, Gastrioceras globulosum Meek and Worthen, G. subcavum
Miller and Gurley, Schuchertites grahami Smith. All these Texas species
came from Graham, in the Cisco formation, associated with a typical
Upper Coal Measures fauna. Many of the other species are identical with
forms in the Uralian formation, but the numerous ammonites are more
highly developed than any known in the European Upper Coal Measures;
the nautiloids found in the Graham beds are mostly identical with forms
that also occur in the overlying Wichita Permian, as are also most of the
other invertebrates. But the stratigraphic position is about 1,000 feet
below the Wichita beds, in a region where the structure is exceedingly
simple, the strata being nearly horizontal, thus precluding the possibility
of a mistake in the stratigraphy.

Permian.—Ammonoids are at present known in the American Permian
only in Texas, in Wichita, Baylor, Archer, and Kent counties. The geo-
logical survey of Texas recognized two divisions of this group: (1) The
Wichita and Clear Fork beds, from which Dr. C. A. White" described
the following forms: Paralegoceras baylorense White, Popanoceras walcotti
White, Waagenoceras cumminsi White, Medlicottia copei White; (2) the
Double Mountain beds, from which only a single ammonite is known,
Waagenoceras hilli Smith, described in this paper.

The Wichita beds are generally correlated with the Artinsk stage of
Russia, the Fusulina limestone of Sosio in Sicily, and the Middle Productus
limestone of India, some of the ammonite species being very nearly
related in all these localities.

The Double Mountain beds are probably Upper Permian, and should
be correlated with the Hungarites beds of Djulfa in Armenia and the
Upper Productus limestone of India; but this is purely stratigraphic, the
known fauna of the Upper Permian of Texas being too scanty to warrant
paleontologic correlation.

«Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey No. 77, 1891.

STRATIGRAPHY OF AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS.

Corrdation table of the Carboniferous.

17

Pacific coast.

Missis-
Series. | Stage. sippi Texas.
Valley.
| = = A —
Double Mountain.
Fe a
Cae
Sj
Balvics se. ;
© iS Wichita and Albany formations of
an a Wichita, Baylor, and Archer coun- |
ties.
“3 3
a | 3 oF ;
aa 5 =) Cisco formation of northern Texas.
eS fe) um
S 2 os
a a ae
Dn = aA
a Pp
5 zi ie
a g | :
5 Fel ees ¢ Canyon formation.
p es
o = SOR
z gos
FA ce eee
By ee mA
a S ‘| w
Ss o ° .
eS a 3 = | Strawn formation.
Oo); € | 683%
:
a H~ Sg
= al
5 3
5 77
3 s Bend formation.
) iS)
: 5 2
= ap}
te aS 8
2, 2 a
2 +
35, mM a
we t
a &
a 2
S 3 a
3 ity So 4
5 S 35. fe!
2 Zz on
o Ss S|
boas) Ll
3 =
(e) Wanting.
8 a Wanting
~
mH . °
g ra 5
e 3
° S 438
4A rot Se
v g3
oO fo
cis os
4 FE
a

McCloud shales.

Fusu-

Zone of

lina longissima.

McCloud limestone of
northern California.

sulina

al,

Zone of It

robusta.

Zone of Sehwagerina

cylindric

Baird shales of north-
ern California.

Zone of Productus

giganteus.

¢|

MON XLII—O02

2 .

18

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Corrdation table of the Carboniferous—Continued.

, Inter-regional
Western Europe. Russia. Asia Cephalopod
zone.
Hungarites beds of
Djulfa in Armenia.
stein. Kostroma.
eos Upper Productus
limestone.
d S
A a)
oS - S| & é o
a |e 5 | Middle Productus | Medlicottia.
Fale: Fs | limestone of Salt
o | )
(au Aa | Range.
Rothliegendes. | Artinsk. -
| Lower Productus
| limestone of Salt
| | range.
c3| & Lo Ping marine beds
3 a | S| © |Upper Car-| S in Upper Coal
5) wal me “p ; ~ .
Oe le | | =| boniferous} Measures of China.|} Gastrioceraz
5a| 8 ; ; Ss limestone | === =a marianum.
== |.) Coal Measuresof Belgium,| 5 of the Urals. a Fusulina beds of Pa-
ae x s 5 5 = onl
Se = _ Germany, and Eng- 15 [Ss | dang in Sumatra.
=| Vand | at :
= jee
gy 2
5 2 | }
oe) | | Ph cutee ; .
|O EA If 2 | | (fee | Spirifer —mosquensis | Gastrioceras
| a2 8 | o | beds of China. | listeri.
22/5 |e
taal 4 | here |
= joe) )= | H
2) | ta A ee ea ~ : 4 ~ — —— oo
= 4 g *kier S = T ~ % *
Bis les ee eo TES has pete eae & | Posidonomya becheri | Giinhioceene
~ 5 a | | ney : rT e ‘
fig) | = a |= OMSL SH oS | beds of the Altai bs 7
St] | m |¢!| limestone Wieuninne diadema.
Sa | = ¢ of Moscow. & baw bas! Oe yes ar
Teta 7 aS a | Productus longispinus |
| = = Gsy
= way beds of the Altai |
g |, eee Mountains.
es o%8 Poot
a) | re Productus semireticu- |
lg : By tcay ly | = latus beds of Djulfa |
ey t ase! Fe) >
Sy. |) RE Se | S in Armenia. “8 5
he vice aa Bole eee | SN S | Goniatites stri-
| 8 gium; Bol-| 3 | | | 3 ig: | “atus:
f | 6 landinYork-; 8 | | | 3 | Productus: gi- | =
z 2 | shire; and hile | . | = ganteus beds
iS A the Pyrenees.| = | |_| Lower Car-| o¢ of Asia = |
thea [are Pee aim boniferous | SS Minor, cen- | <
H: 3 IS limestone. | Ss tral and | - =
= eee | oS eastern! 2S
Sal ics Al aS China. qe!
= ie | [8 =
5 aS
= na
= | as
lanl | | ko
: BE
d | Ba |
a So x |
‘gs | BedsofTournaiand | Zone of Spirifer tornacen- O8 |
| 2 Erdbach. sis. os
5 oS 5
E | 25 Aganides rota-
Die torius.
a8

HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION, 19

CLASSIFICATION OF PALEOZOIC AMMONOIDS.

Formerly all Paleozoic ammonoids were classified as Goniatites, with
the exception of Clymenia, which was at first supposed to be a nautiloid.
As more forms became known, the unwieldiness of the genus Goniatites was
recognized by Beyrich,* who subdivided it as follows: 1, Nautilini [Anarcestes
and Mimoceras|; 2, Simplices [Tornoceras, Aganides, and Prionoceras|; 3,
Aequales [Sporadoceras and Prolecanites|; 4, Irregulares [Beloceras]; 5,
Primordiales | Gephyroceras|; 6, Carbonarti [Glyphioceras, Goniatites s. str.,
and Gastrioceras ].

Afterwards another classification was attempted by G. and F. Sand-
berger,’ who established the following subdivisions: 1, Linguati [Sandberg-
eroceras |; 2, Lanceolati=|Aequales p. p. Beyrich]; 3, Genufracti=[ Carbonarit
Beyrich]; 4, Serrati=[Irregulares Beyrich]; 5, Crenati=[Primordiales
Beyrich]; 6, Acutolaterales | Maeneceras]; 7, Magnosellares=|Simplices Bey-
rich]; 8, Nautilini=[Nautilini Beyrich].

The divisions of Beyrich and those of the Sandbergers were not
intended to represent genera, and they mostly contain heterogeneous ele-
ments. At that time even the old genus Ammonites, comprising several.
times as many species as Goniatites and species much more various im form,
was still considered a unit.

Goniatites was supposed to differ fundamentally from Ammonites,
although it was known to L. von Buch and Quenstedt that the ammo-
nites in their youth went through a goniatite stage of growth; but since
these forms were all supposed to be special creations, this phenomenon
was not connected with the idea of evolution, and had no effect on classifi-
cation.

The first attempt to distinguish genera among the goniatites was made
by Dr. E. von Mojsisovies® in 1882, who named Anarcestes, Pinacites, Pro-
norites, Prolecanites, and Pericyclus, bringing them into rather fanciful rela-
tionships to his genera of ‘Triassic ammonites.

The first systematic attempt to group all goniatites in families and
genera was by Hyatt in his Genera of Fossil Cephalopods, where they were
classified as follows:" Family 1, Nautilinidee, including Mimoceras Hyatt,

“Beitr. z Kennt. Rhein. Uebergangsgeb. ¢Cephalop. Mediterranen Triasprovinz.
»Verstein. Rheinischen Schichtensystems in Nassau. / Proe. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII.

20 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Anarcestes Mojsisovies, Agoniatites Meek, Pinacites Mojsisovies, Celeceras
Hyatt; family 2, Primordialidee, including Gephyroceras Hyatt, Manticoceras
Hyatt; family 3, Magnosellaridee, including Parodoceras Hyatt, Tornoceras
Hyatt, Meneceras Hyatt, Sporadoceras Hyatt; family 4, Glyphioceratidee,
including Brancoceras | Aganides| Hyatt, Muensteroceras Hyatt, Gastrioceras
Hyatt, Paralegoceras Hyatt, Prionoceras Hyatt, Glyphioceras Hyatt [with
Goniatites de Haan], Dimeroceras Hyatt, Pertcyclus Mojsisovics, Homoceras
Hyatt [no longer recognized], Nomismoceras Hyatt [now grouped with the
Gephyroceratidee], Dimorphoceras Hyatt; tamily 5, Prolecanitidee, including
Sandbergeroceras Hyatt, Beloceras Hyatt, Prolecanites Mojsisovies, Pharci-
ceras Hyatt, Schistoceras Hyatt [now included with the Glyphioceratide],
Trienoceras Hyatt, Pronorites Mojsisovies, Popanoceras Hyatt.

Medlicottia Waagen, Sageceras Mojsisovies, and Lobites Mojsisovies were
also included by Hyatt in the Prolecanitidee, although only Medlicottia seems
to show any relationship to Prolecanites, and that only remotely.

Hyatt’s families do not represent genetic series, but are polyphyletic
eroups of morphological equivalents—independent parallel developments
from kindred stocks.

Before this publication of Hyatt, genera of Paleozoic ammonoids had
already been recognized by Waagen“ in the Permian of India and Russia
as follows: Xenodiscus Waagen, Medlicottia Waagen (as subgenus of Sage-
ceras Mojsisovies), Cyclolobus Waagen. These were classed with the
ammonites on account of their resemblance to Triassic genera.

Gemmellaro’s” monograph on the Permian cephalopod fauna of Sicily
revealed hitherto unsuspected riches in Paleozoic ammonites of the fami-
lies Glyphioceratidee, Arcestidee, Pinacoceratidee, Noritidxe, and Tropitidee.

A somewhat similar fauna was described by Dr. C. A. White® from
the Permian of Texas, with Paralegoceras, Popanoceras, Waagenoceras, and
Medlicottia.

The classic Permian fauna of the Ural Mountains was redescribed and
revised by Karpinsky,” who showed the gradual transition from the Car-
boniferous goniatites into the Permian ammonites in the Glyphioceratide,
Arcestidee, and Prolecanitidee.

“Pal. Indica, Ser. XIII, Salt Range Fossils, Vol. I.
» Fauna cale. Fusulina.

¢Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 77.

@ Die Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe.

HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION OF AMMONOIDS. 21

Quite recently G. von Arthaber® has redescribed the Permian fauna of
Djulfa in Armenia, making known the presence in the same beds of
Productus, Gastrioceras, Otoceras, and Hungarites; the two latter ammonite
genera are known elsewhere only in the Trias, and the beds containing
them are considered as uppermost Permian, later even than the Upper
Productus limestone of the Salt Range.

When these new discoveries began to be known, it became evident
that a new classification of the Paleozoic ammonoids was necessary, since
there was no place in the old scheme for the new forms. The first
attempt to give a phylogenetic classification of ammonoids, showing the
relationship of the goniatites and the ammonites was made by Steinmann,”
but this was largely speculative, not based on the ontogeny of any species,
and hence fails to express the true relationships of the groups.

The most satisfactory attempt at a phylogenetic classification of the
Paleozoic ammonoids is that of E. Haug,’ in which all known genera are
grouped in five phyla, or superfamilies: (1) ANarcestip™, including
Anarcestes, Parodoceras, Prionoceras, Prolobites, Meneceras, Sporadoceras,
Dimeroceras, Pharciceras, ? Sandbergeroceras, ? Trienoceras; (11) GuypHio-
cERATIDH, including Pericyclus, Muensteroceras, Gluphioceras, Goniatites
s. str., Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras, Agathiceras, Adrianites, Stacheoceras ;
(II) Aconrariripm, including Gyroceras = [Mimoceras], Agoniatites, Tor-
noceras, Pinacites, Aganides =| Brancoceras Hyatt], ? Pronannites, Dimor-
phoceras, Thalassoceras, Popanoceras; (1V) GrpHyroceratip®, including
Gephyroceras, Timanites, Nomismoceras, Beloceras; (V) [BERGICERATIDA =
[Prolecanitide, in part of Hyatt], including Ibergiceras, Paraprolecanites,
Pronorites, Parapronorites, Propinacoceras, Medlicottia, Daraelites, Prolecanites.

On Table I, page 113, of Haug’s work, is an attempt to show
graphically the relations of the Paleozoic ammonoids to each other and
to their successors of the Mesozoic. This classification is a distinct
improvement over that of Steinmann, but also makes the mistake of
grouping together heterogeneous elements and separating forms that are

G. von Arthaber, Das Jiingere Palaeozoicum aus der Araxes-Enge bei Djulfa): Beitr. Palaeont. und
Geologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients, Vol. XII, No. LV, 1900.

bElemente der Paliont.

ce Itudes sur les Goniatites.

22 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

few phyla recognized. Since most of the ammonoid genera of the
Devonian and Carboniferous were progressive, and probably gave rise to
descendants in the Permian and Mesozoic, there ought to be nearly as many
phyla, or genetic series, as there are primitive genera. But since some of
these are nearer of kin than others, for the sake of convenience we group
them together, in spite of the fact that this does not express the true filiation
of the genera. Thus, even at the best, many of the so-called families will
not be a true genetic series, but a group of nearly related morphological
equivalents. It is doubtful whether the ideal of strictly monophyletic fam-
ilies and genera can ever be realized, even if the geologic record should
turn out to be less broken than we now suppose it to be. Of the great
majority of Paleozoic ammonoids we do not now know, and probably shall
never know, the ontogeny, and until we are able to compare in every case
the individual ontogeny with the supposed genetic succession as preserved
in the rocks we can never hope to establish a classification that will not be
overthrown by each discovery of new faunas.

One great difficulty in classification is that we do not yet know what
characters are of fundamental importance in taxonomy. One systematist
selects the length of the body chamber as the criterion, another the septa,
another the sculpture. <A rigid adherence to any one of these systems
leads to absurdities, for it becomes clear that any one of these characters
may appear at different times in different stocks; and a dependence on any
one character would cause the grouping together of forms that have no real
kinship. The only safe way is to take into consideration all these characters,
where it is possible, and to compare in every case the individual ontogeny
with the biologic sequence as preserved in the successive geologic forma-
tions. The writer has endeavored to do this in the classification adopted
in this work.

TABLE OF PALEOZOIC AMMONOID GENERA.

For convenience of reference there is given below a table showing thie
genera and families now known from the Paleozoic, and their geologic
range. This is based on the works of Hyatt, Gemmellaro, Karpinsky,
Frech, Waagen, von Mojsisovies, von Arthaber, Haug, and Diener, and
on the writer’s own studies in the ammonoids of the Carboniferous and
Lower Trias. This classification is only tentative; it represents merely
the present state of knowledge, or rather of opinion, concerning the deri-

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TABLE OF PALEOZOIC AMMONOIDS. 23

vation and relationship of the various groups. It is subject to revision
or modification by any new discovery of forms, or any studies in the
ontogeny of groups of which the ontogeny is at present unknown. It is
not claimed that it is an absolute phylogenic classification; it is merely an
attempt at such a classification. The writer has followed strictly the
classifications of other investigators where he had no new observations of
his own to offer; he has departed from the accepted classification in
the construction of the phylogenic table of the Paleozoic ammonoids only
where ontogenic study of the various groups makes such changes necessary.

Table of Paleozoie ammonoid genera.

RELe | Carbon- noes ere Trias
4 iferous. ures, .
ail B
1. Family Bacrritipm: |
IBACINILES| Pamdl DELO ene = ae avaaia eee = aise esa x x |bebscSsoesssosss|bsnscenc
2. Family CLYMENID&:
G@lymientaiGuembe lees .- eta -1-,< (jon =. eis x | sae See cleesicsscis| sscccss| sane cas 5
3. Family ANARCESTIDE:
Amancestes) MOjSISOVICGS: nes soeme secee ose see Sh) lceoacectslasesesaelasseseoalpemecen
iii oO ceras Wty abba eee cee =o eee 36) NseS5e42cllsocccsens|ss-pascelecaumosc
Pantoidle@eas IW Giiiin ost: apsoce op enpeeaneacecece Me nen doseal|-cebaseellssacados|pascesce
Teigolkol ones eng OVIMEAy oR one de sense eae eeSsEe aoe yl Mieceaakd: | woeeee| bosescaea Spcenans
WERNER lahGhiien ccocseoboce dase coeeaeneS Sieg XC Nesobaokelloes bedce|Kesaecoe seeneesc
Sporadoceras ieivattiee ese esse ncc ae SG |i) | eee NIES Sees eset alseeesame
Mim erocerastliyatt) s-eeseee saeco aes MG Se eee eae ee [sacs acte|-osc eee
4. Family AGontaritip»:
AlponiatitestVlGek ss 5-)- je wenc= ee sem aeclemcieciace ~< >) een SAAS eee aa Poe rs
phyllites MojsisOvics a. assesses ss asses 694 | Sssascse|Seebeece| Pee ee - aaa
MRormocerasabby atts sae = oe. = see ae sine alee eae ai > ane Sees Bese Sse SERe Ree Reanesac
PinAcItes PMG JSISOVICS) ee. oe see eeeeee ee See a eres eine od: Ne cee Mee | cre ere aantane! [Pepe erate
5. Family GErpHyROCERATID®: |
Gepiiynocerasy bly abe >=. 210152 eee cee eee ae We) S08 WS esesees pore cee eee ee aie 8
Manticocerasvuly abies sere = jee ea eee e coee ieee |e Ieee ED SRI. 2 Ray
Mimanwwes yMOISISOVIGS eee. sesso eee aaeeee eases See erect: Be eet Iles shctavois, <ereicreiaisie
Nomismoceradlelyattiene tials seeeeseceeeee a= cloacae Dd) oceerae 320 NEE rae
Pseudonomismoceras Frech.-....-....---------- ebeiee tel Rie 2. 1 | ABsciniews|e certo
Superfamily PROLECANITID.A&—
6. Family Lecaniripa:
NEN ASPIAN areas Sates ces ocicients ce peisine sees e ieee anne sles cesses ~ x
Won odIECcHanVdag en fee ene amen ae eee |e i A x
‘ParalecanitessDiener o> sess csa= yao se ere ees | see see |e cen =-|------ se SS leooo sacs
PIECE CANILES VL OIRISO VICK eee cine ee tise moeels seta slac ese nate cea le oar a (?) x

24 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Table of Paleozoic ammonoid genera—Continued.

Lower Coal
Carbon- | Meas-
iferous. ures.

Devo-

nian. Trias.

Superfamily PROLECANITID &—Continued.

7. Family BeELoceRATID®:
Probeloceras) Clarkej222--- -----=5------28—---= = sae cis a2|b Ms 84). ee ee
Belocerast El yaittvesee =a i= = = = oem 3S |peedeeea Petar es Eo-eS56 sl saben5
Prodromites Smith and Weller -..--------------|-------- 6 alae eres |Seeeeere| fen seco

8. Family Pronoririp#:

Paraprolecanites Karpinsky -.-.----------------|-------- > i pene ee Seo asSbesosaess
SicamitestGemmnellano ese sees = iy = eee Sees || moi | he KV gccseste
Propinacoceras Gemmoellaro. ..-----------------|--------|--------|-------- Gal A Heeaasc
Medlicottia Waagen .....----------------------|--------|--------]-------- i, ee x

9. Family Noriripz:
DarselitesiG emi ellaro = see eereae eee ee eee ar alate ee eet aeey, Seen | ere
Slane heMTiGs) Settitl eased oeosaosekconesuecssapsocesod yaesenee Dar NiSRAcAce| nAaRaad =

10. Family PRoLECANITID®E:
Prolecanites Mojsisovics ..--.------------------ xe x 5-4 nn Re | Se ee see
PaParace)titesiGelomellana! =o = =e ese = sees este lel ea rm ated mam mi ell > RA ess ae

?Sandbergeroceras Hyatt ...-...--------------- x
PikwPa Ce sah Phe se_osdoespesosoo eens asasas x

RPecudametites) Hire c hiss sen - ee ease eee x

niphenacocerds Hrecbiss <= oases eee es eters! a eee OPP oaoe

Ph ameree ras tly atte masta ate ele eee aA Aes ae all Oe hel dee Ee Se ee
11. Family Hunearirips: ;

Hungarites Mojsisovics.-...-.---.--------------|--------|-------=-|-------- x x

MtocerasGries bach setae ae 2 ee eee eee a tele oie all aera tet x x

Superfamily GLYPHIOCERATID &—

12. Family GLYPHIOCERATIDS® 8. str.:
Prionocerasvkl yatta eee ects eee taal = ate Dag DAT. NSEBABeceliensss Je
Rerrevel use VO) StSOV1 CS een ere eee alae ee ere ees rata |beeeecce|bsttee sels sn 525
Gilyphioceras| ely at tee = = eee ree ee eee erties x x SOI Nee asbeee
(Grommennss Gls Rhein ese oboe catnce eee eer ce|eeesceoe x DAR Ne eEeeapalPesancee
Gastniocenrasibly ates: se. = ate eter leemoneate x x i aleeceeses
Bmmeea Ce IBIGHI se cee easeee Mo scscretoeseen beasooee > mE Ce), i Sete see
Selhustoceraspelsy a btepe ajc ese ey ee arteries | eee 60) SEBS es eee =

13. Family AGANIDID®: ;
Aganides de Montfort. ---------2=---.----=--=-- x UN EBSA Se Gb Pe Bedsecs=
Muensteroceraspely atte <= == jesse e = a lee es oats PQ) WAsanoe..«|GSaaoeel saseceac
POPrOnaMMitesuelalemete = oats eSee ee oe eae a ee eee sere = mist es |e ee [ee re aoeeecce

Gonioloboceraspelyatitiqe= -= eee see aa ees ae ale alee yn Mees PRES Eric.

Dimorphocerasiklyath: = -- eee eee eee ae eee SCT, ecu hata Ee Fadetinae

GENERA OF AMERICAN AMMONOIDS. 25

Table of Paleozoic ammonoid genera—Continued.

Lower Coal

| cone ae ee
Superfamily GLYPHIOCERATIDA—Continued.

13. Family AGAantprpx— Continued.
RialassocerasGemmellaroy-n=sa-ns- se aeeeee see) acim ar oc] aee ee ee x? Saeco ae
rMalllerocerasthly atten sasecinesfe-eaqaseeanaeelsesncics Wises ee at ects | stieeiasls

Superfamily ARCESTIDAS— | | |

14. Family Poranoceratip”: | |
AwatinicerasGemmellarOe cess sess eles ae cases Benes 19 Sees >< Co | eer nee
A Criamitest ceminellaroiss= seen sehess oes seeeas Ree eer |ooeaeee slat eae Se > ane | See ress
IRopanoceraspe yatih = sai. = <sice sss ane seeseea4|e eos tee lecccee. = g > x
Stacheocenas|Gemmellano)) q2,- acs -coses5e2--4|s2o2o2ee Be Sac Reena eee. i iat Sa
?Dory.cerasiGemmellaro --o-eso-ee see sce 5-2: sac hae Sl mal » aie Pace aa
¢¢Chnolobus!Gemmellarosesssees-eeseseess ce 2-1) soca ceeelons-secclesseses = eens

15. Family CycLtoLtopip2:
Cyclolobus) Waagenia: ase soa ccs acca ech ess empath ke) ele [Pooceca: XL ices
Hyattoceras: Gemmellaro: ss = 2.2 sacs scence c\5ee- ese [ase eco clancee eee Oy gee ees
Shumandites smiths 2 - es aeesms sa oes se sioe here ate sts) Eeerere tee bE PCat te Ione
Waagenoceras Gemmellaro....-....------------ Pe mend ae er Eee

|

AMMONOIDS OF THE AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS.
GENERA REPRESENTED.

The writer has made no distinction between goniatites and ammonites,
because there is none that will hold. Certain families, or genetic series,
contain some genera that, on account of simplicity of the septa, would be
called goniatites, and others that might appropriately be termed ammonites.
There are other forms that, while having simple or goniatitic septa, have
forward-pointing siphonal collars and would thus fall under the definition
of ammonites. The form of the aperture has been frequently used as a
mark of distinction between these two groups, but this is so commonly
unknown as to have little value in systematic work.

There are at present known in the American Carboniferous eleven
families, twenty-four genera, and eighty-nine species of ammonoids,
besides two apocryphal species (not ammonoids). Their stratigraphic
occurrence is as follows:

KinpERHOOK: Prolecanites, Prodromites, Aganides, Prionoceras?, Muensteroceras, Gonioloboceras?,
Pericyclus, Agoniatites.
OsaGE: Aganides?, Muensteroceras?.

26 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Sr. Lovis-CHester: Gonioloboceras, Glyphioceras, Goniatites s. str., Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras,
Pronorites, Nomismoceras?.

Lower Coat Measures: Glyphioceras, Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras.

Mippte Coat Measures: Popanoceras, Neoicoceras, Prolecanites?, Glyphioceras, Goniatites s. str.,
Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras.

Upper Coan Measures: Milleroceras, Glyphioceras?, Gastrioceras, Schistoceras, Shumardites, Para-
legoceras, Agathiceras, Popanoceras, Schuchertites, Gonioloboceras, Dimorphoceras.

Permian: Paralegoceras, Popanoceras, Waagenoceras, Medlicottia.

The association and range of the genera of the Upper Coal Measures
are approximately the same as in the Uralian of Europe, except that in
Europe the true ammonites are not known below the Permian.

Popanoceras, Shumardites, and Schuchertites would be classed by any-
one among the ammonites, on account of their complex septa, while Schisto-
ceras might justly be placed under the same group, on account of the large
number of lobes and the forward-pointing siphonal collars.

While nearly all the characteristic European genera are present, some
are extremely rare, represented by a single species, as Agathiceras, Dimor-
phoceras, Nomismoceras, and Pericyclus; others have a different range in
America from that in Europe. Dimorphoceras appears first in Europe in the
Visé horizon, but in America is unknown until the Upper Coal Measures,
or Uralian. Popanoceras is known in Europe only in the Permian, but in
America it occurs in the Middle and Upper Coal Measures. Gastrioceras
and Paralegoceras do not appear in Europe before the middle of the Coal
Measures, but in America they are known in the St. Louis-Chester. —Pro-
dromites, Gonioloboceras, Schistoceras, Shumardites, and Schuchertites are not
yet known in the European region.

These differences of range and association give us hints as to the
region where some of these forms originated, but the information is too
indefinite to allow any positive statements as to the faunal geography of
that time. This much is certain: At least periodically there was easy
intermigration between the American and the European waters, for the
community of genera, and even of species, is too great to be explained by
any other hypothesis.

GEOLOGIC HORIZONS OF CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

27

Table of OCCUPTENCE of am monoid genera in the American Carbon UFEPOUS.

[The genera marked x x x are common; those marked x x are rare; those marked »

| Aganides

Lower Carboniferous.

| Osage or

Bur-
lington-
Keokuk.

Kinder-
hook.
’

St. Louis-
Chester.

Des Moines.

< are very rare. ]

| Coal Measures or Pennsyl-

vanian,

Missou-
rian,

Zone of

rotatorius.

Zone of
Glyohioce-
ras dia-

| dema.

Zone of |
Goniatites
striatus.

Zone of
Zone of | 4 3
Z ne f | Gastrioce-
Gastrioce-| ~~ A
lras listeri.| 728 mart
| “| anum.

Permian.

Wichita.

Zone of
Medlicot-
tia.

Bacrritip»:
IBactiitesmnser ns on 2b acs eee
AGONIATITID.E:
Ao OnIatitesees see s'- cee
GEPHYROCERATID®:

Nomismoceras

Superfamily PROLECANITID.E.

BELOCERATIDE:
Prodromitesie Ae ee eee

PRONORITID®:

Noritip®:
Schuchertites

PROLECANITID ©:

Prolecanites

Superfamily GLYPHIOCERATID 2.

GLYPHIOCERATID s. str.:
IBrIOMOCELAS a 4-21-aiacc) see
Pericyclus

Glyphioceras

Goniatites s. str

Gastrioceras

Paralegoceras

Schistoceras

AGANIDID®:
Aganides

Muensteroceras

Gomolobocerasiencs. oss ses ene

x

x x?
V.OROM sacecece
x x
x x
x6) sessed

x x?
> ail eee 4) Ee
SOC IGE
SC) | eae ate
inperee re
1 ee x
asa x

28 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Table of occurrence of ammonoid genera in the American Carboni ferous—Continued.

Lower Carboniferous. Coal M SS RRIE Pennsyl- | permian.
Z Osage or 3 ;
Hinder | Ber |SGEOH| Den atomen, | Mom | wiensta
Keokuk.
7 Zone of | | Zone
nee Gomes iyphine Zone et Goxtrioae| Fem et
rotatorius. striatus. may aa: | ras listeri. patel tia.
Superfamily ARCESTID A.
PoPANOCERATID&:
JsyagrMaUhGEiD Sle meeoeecnoodsossiseed beoceesearoccsno|sscscene | Sees SCRE OS Kl osetees
IPOPANOGELAS see eminem mime = lenin om = om ee a a= ol eel L jseeeee x x x
CyYCLOLOBID®:
Shumardites ......-.- Ses cies seine] sone sce aleeeeetes see eicee | sees Ge tesa ba ere
IWiaacenOcerases samee = eee e === =—| == ee Scpace beoosassd Paescned Beeasaed ascancoc x
Family indet.
Neoicoceras -.-.-..- Heaceaconso cd looconose Poors eae wee bbeéacaad x seaceccn|Seccesias
TABLE OF SPECIES DESCRIBED.
Page
Family BACTRITIDEH .........---.-------------------+------- 2-2 ------------------ 31
BHO IIE) 5 sod coe cate desocdsececd enc sAeGco pee soossese sedoasesoccaeSaboss sass 31
(Goi feo yntotsHswevhN os yom WON, oS neces one Seana sesesno soe cosscoms Sessoaee = 31
Family AGONIATITIDH ...--....--.----------- <2 2-2-2222 2 ee nn 32
ING MEIN ose. 8 23 Se BeRteBGSESe Se Be Gee sa5a2 26 ones eget cones See AS an canbe ngeemn oe 32
oyorbeatels) M\Mahnes\eenovol \WWebR TENG noo oe sce so ssa ae See SOROS aaaS Se 32
Family GEPHYROCERATIDE. ..---..-----.-----------2- 2-2 eee ne nee eee 33
INGOEUNUSTIVO GOYA = eee ele ee ee ate ee ate oat oe te tee a eae es 33
MONTOCHSE WVODHIEN es ee Pees ae sae eee tee era satoyatet lint rs 34
Superfamily PRoLECANITIDM ....-.--.-----------------------------+-+ +--+ +--+ 2-2-5722 -2---- 34
Family Beloceratidée -.:..---.+ (220-5222 - 29-2 22 e ee 2-3 ee en en 34
IEofshdo MN S| ye Soceus pase dee Sosa Socaa see eeeee co Madagha. LoS hcos sige eNeeeenes cot! 34
ROD Dy Ap on rae a eel ete 37
GyaatInel=}| sean oly |}, WONG sac Hosea Sn eee eka ses -so¢ 7 et aeeerSecodseeme: 39
TerswatpbbyntseshoahAaeevatol \WWEMerS Se -e koe eee ee oo 4S fee see eee 40
Family PRONORITIDE .....----.-------------------------- +--+ +--+ 2-22-2227 2+ 22-7 ---- 41
TEC MO MINS yes pot beesBe eee cochecic teens hase oeeSdeocesods on sockets boseE@eces ee 41
cyclolobus Phillips var. arkansasensis .......---.-----------------+--- 43
Beet laLiy SMT th SPO sel Oy meee lee roe ee = 47
Wika iene sk anaee soso aoceoor coces sess aS SseeereSencopeodedt costes aecceReAee 47
Goon \\Mlabir ye PRO Re Sonn. HS Qos ncsbooeasopese sneneds Sec akc eeeecse 48
amily, N@RUD Ba) oo = tape alm aimee = =) al aay ale im ml Pei: oY SS aseahe eae 49
Schuchertites gen. nov ...-------- Berea se OP HOR Rae aremcias obcs toads seer oane 49
Srahamiismiithy Sp. OW) speer ae eben eee eae ee eee ee 50
Family PRoLECANITID#E 8. str....-------------------------------+--------- 2-220 ------- 51
Prolecamites mess ste ot ase sem eeee ne setae nine = siniee a ole a sata ee tee eee ret 51
? compactus Meek and Worthen........---------------------------- 52
ereenii Miller’... 222.5 ~~~. = 2-222 <2 20 o-oo een een nnn === 52
gurleyi Smith, sp. nov..--.-.---------------------+---4-5-----0-- Se 53

TABLE OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 29

Superfamily Pro.ecaNiripx—Continued. Page.
Family ProLecanirip# s. str.—Continued.

PEROLECANILEA ODE LOI WW IMCHEL sees ee tta. sat ooo late ees Oe oo a Sols sail an 53

? louisianensis Rowley-...--.-.--.-- RS CO ee ee ne n= 54

IponiPMice ANG WOLLNED es cee a alals io 2 25 narcinn a= soe saan 3 ole ee 54

; reins sof eyes) \Wyrbord 1s) DUS Sb A Se a PE eee ee - 5d

Supertaniily Guy eH lOCRRAWD RS: conan eee na an ose sao einen en in oe inine on 56

[ively (Gupta ate fere Mee) a:b 25 58 ees ome aa eae Bess itary 58

Thi iieveeigiit.e .- 3 Soeocen- Steet peck eee sete oe Bee ae oe ene Sesame ocean ae 58

PETAR RV AUR REEL RM line Sette a ee aloo ema Shas ae wi eer a 59

2p apex matey: SA VU ee Sele ee a I Re neem Cae ee 59

PAGEIOR UBD ANVIL CMC Use) marae mee tile maaan ois nw oes ee me 59

RM GbR oars Sheol s5 2 Ske nee ones hs cee ripe eee Bee ae ae nor 60

ATEN IST ANCe CINCY ss Sot eA Bn) aicln sano ewes aes ee cae 60

oP Tenmare eyes e OI eee eS oO So eben oe ae eeE see ese ater ere 61

(SUG ANCES Ae ae. OS aoe ab oe ee Scie Jona 52 Sane aor Beeeacing Seen ara 62

etlijes LARS ee ge to ed Soest be tee dee eee So ae gees oe 62

ATATLE tO LUNG sat ie te ea oe oe oy ia oe acted eis eee 63

Moat lama aniunM CONCSHOY) = Aasahas 554K oss came eas eneee 64

Femrcii vinci AN ON ADRR as tte eee tala Silvan clad tela wn ele 65

japan iti Wiel GN oe eee a SE So Sie OE, ae ere E 65

(Sap hevel) - Seek Re a ee cet no Oe Re SEP ESS EERO OE eer ee era eee 66

(a bergG \yfeotiei Sirieh esl ee Ree ee Ae ta a pa ace 67

euiattyjnyte, VATU fe cme ie Ae ee oe Ee eT 68

greencastlensis Miller and Gurley..-......------------.-------------- 76

; eT HI COSTS MVNR eT iets ee eas a ec is wine a sei arias es oe 77

recited GliTleyee eee ee ee rts oa Selmi cis aca see ms 77

HS ONH ST AL lah Me ee eaeree ma ame ee ese 2 boas bee eee eee 78

SS MGSTOES, Wb ja 010 oe ae Boe aa oa ene eR ee nae eae ase sseScerne 78

SULITIMSI SOW ERO as m2 oo ania Soran Ses = leper en lel wie ne eae ae crete 80

Gil oye PLATS, ON sn 8 eee 2 Een ee aoer Eee er cme 81

(Gr SLELOCENAR eet ean mile wm rl imine inlina = e 82

reantters pigs 2 ee ere cet =o aon oes a nineppeees 3

PACA SAE IEE OAT C DS yt ote aaa ne ol na == Same 84

ype des wl SET, Se soe ne tbe bes = oe OE ne Ia Sc eee ere 86

CNLOP OMEN G ADD bs aalaee ee aia en rene oa eee ace eee 87

(Ete iynan GW 2228 Saas ek i Ree pe OS Ame eee 88

globulosum Meek and Worthen ......-.----.----------------------- 89

SiMDISeHBEwyaltermana Gurley pe o-=. - eect o eo nla no wie ares Sine ee am 91

ancasensemuemane (anne vine: aoc ns oe ow oe ee ee oe 91

ortedttal bean aun Tele seen Re peer es acc eo = ete 92

Lipton Varian arene eee ee ade ent sais cient pees 93

montgomeryense Miller and Gurley ...-.----.---------------------- 95

TIOLIMEH EC CORE eee ae ee eae ae aaa a aaa loin a cle aa Sep eae 95

Occidentale Witler anda Den seen sees sees en no ae 96

. plauorbiforme Shnmard- 9-2) 225-2 e eee ne = a once inln 97

SE PCAMIIMvN er ANON MDIeN ese ee nica ens aa as rie 97

Wwellert Smithy ep. Noy. --252-- <= - 2 ae eas oo a= =~ 98

[Paral OCCRAR = 29 ae ae lo ane aw eel mn neler 99

Paylorense Whiter .2)ss- es. sso seen eel ees =a 99

IOWeNse Moek ani WiONUMeCU asa pete laa aa aie i ae i 100

MEWEOML SUA, BPs UOV ss 256 ~-s5 a2 nee ene d-- ene seen =n =e 101

sie aateny Slonbneperl 5 ee oe ke Be 54) oe aaa tea = 104

STE OCe NIE eet es ee ee we ait ee ne wi ww om mina 104

a0)

Superfamily GiyPHioceratip£—Continued.
Family GuyPHioceratip® s. str.—Continued.

Schistoceras hildrethi Morton. .--.---------
hyatti Smith, sp. nov-------.--
missouriense Miller and Faber

Family AGANIDIDM-....--.----------------------
AWERNANGLSS| 5 55 onac55- consees sooeeSsoS sess
rotatorius de Koninck .-.--------

discoidalis Smith, sp. nov...-----

jessiere Miller and Gurley. ..-----

propinquus Winchell .-..--------

romimeent Wanchelll 22) 22----ee

? sciotoensis Miller and Faber - ---

shumardianus Winchell ..-------

INITTensteLOCeLasme= aaa eee

? holmesi Swallow. -.-------
? indianense Miller. .------
? morganense Swallow- --- -
osagense Swallow .-.-.-----
owenl Halli=222s2ees- eee
parallelum Hall..-....-.--
Gontoloboceras! 205 2 -— eee eee
allei Winchell! ----..-.----
goniolobum Meek ---------
limatum Miller and Faber -
welleri Smith, sp. noy.----

DimionphOCeras see se eee ee

texanum Smith, sp. nov ---

iWnillenocerasinaceee cee eee eer eee

parrishi Miller and Gurley- ---

Superfamily ARCESTID-E......-------------------------
Family PopaNocERATIDA® =-~--- Sar pene eee eee

Weathiceras: <2- 2-5 2202s ssesecee eee =
ciscoense Smith, sp. noy.-.----

IPO DANOCCIAS |= eee ae eee ee
ganti Smith, sp. nov-.--------
parkeri Heilprin -----. ----=--
waléotti i Wihttes-- sees seca -

Tdheaulhy (OMKeimosnoysydey.op- Soe 6S ose oe soa sao

Shum sirdlites 22 e eee ee eee ee eee
simondsi Smith, sp. nov-.-----

Witten OGeNas leer = eee eee ee

cumminsi White ....-.-----

hilli Smith, sp. nov -.------

SPECIES NOT GENERICALLY IDENTIFIED. -.-----.---------
Goniatites ? colubrellus Morton --.--------

? minimus Shumard ...-----.---

? parvus Shumard-...----------

PepOlIbUs | Shim sree eer

SPECIES NAMED BUT NOT DESCRIBED. .-.-.-.-------------
Goniatites ? sulciferus Winchell ...--.-----

SPECIES NOP AMMONOIDS =. 2.2 -- =e ---6-—--~ == eae
‘Ammonites’? bellicosus Morton ..-------

SYSTEMATIC POSITION DOUBTFUL- .-.---==-:-=--------+--

Neoicoceras elkhornense Miller and Gurley

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES.
Family BAC RID zy.
Genus Bacrrires Sandberger.

Shell straight or slightly curved, gently tapering, cross section circular
or elliptical. Surface smooth except for the cross strive of growth.
Siphunele marginal, with long backward-pointing extensions of the septum,
as in Spirula. Septa simple, running nearly straight around the shell, but
with a funnel-shaped siphonal lobe.

Bactrites was formerly regarded as a nautiloid, but its siphonal lobe
and the calcareous protoconch that has been found on a few specimens:
cause it to be classed usually under the ammonoids. The genus has been
usually considered as typical of the Devonian, and the species described
below is the only authentic species known to oceur in Carboniferous strata.

BacTRITES CARBONARIUS Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. VI, figs. 9-11.

Shell straight, gently tapering, slender, angle of the increase 5° 30’.
Cross section of whorl circular. Chambers convex backward, deep, septa
close together. The septum runs nearly straight around the shell, but has
a slender tongue-shaped siphonal lobe, and short backward pointing
siphonal coilar. Siphuncle slender, with long backward extension of the
septum, as in Spirula; when this extension reaches the extremity of the
siphonal lobe it swells out into a knob-like expansion, supposed to
represent a periodic repetition of the siphonal ceecum. From this contact
with the septum a short siphonal collar extends backward into the next
chamber. This septum is much more specialized than that of any: other
species of Bactrites yet described, but this is not remarkable if we consider
the fact that the genus has not before been found above Devonian beds.
Surface smooth except for fine sinuous imbricating cross strie of growth.
Bactrites was probably the ancestor of the entire ammonoid stock, and
thus in it we have a survival of a primitive type occurring along with the
31

32 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

more specialized descendants of that type This occurrence, however, is
of even greater interest, not as an anachronism, but rather as a forerunner
of other forms. Morphologists look to a straight orthoceran ammonoid as
the ancestor of the Belemnoidea, but the gap from the Devonian to the
Trias has been a rather severe tax on the faith of the geologist. Here,
then, we have this gap at least partly filled out by the finding of Bactrites
near the top of the Lower Carboniferous.

Occurrence.—St. Louis-Chester stage, so-called ‘Fayetteville shale”
of the Arkansas geological survey, on farm of O. P. Goodwin, near
Moorefield, Ark. The type was collected by the writer, and is deposited in
his paleontologie collection at Leland Stanford Junior University, California.

Family AGONIATITIDZ.
Genus AGonriatTires Meek.

The name Agoniatites was proposed by F. B. Meek* for compressed
shells with flattened sides, narrow abdomens, narrow umbilici, with high
and narrow aperture; septa consisting of < short abdominal lobe, and a
lateral lobe consisting merely of a broad curye. The type chosen was
Goniatites expansus Vanuxem.

AGONIATITES opimus White and Whitfield.

Pi Wit:

1862. Goniatites opiinus, White and Whitfield, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol.
VIII, p. 305.

1900. Agoniatites opimus, S. Weller, Kinderhook Faunal Studies, IT, p. 121, Pl. VU,
jorar, tia Jed, MOOT vies ils Sells IDC dies, ale

The following description is copied from Dr. Weller’s paper:

Shell large, discoid, gently convex on the sides, rather sharply rounded on the
periphery. Number of volutions not known, the inner ones embraced by the next
outer one to a depth of one-half the diameter of the latter; the umbilicus rather
small, but somewhat variable in size, being relatively larger in the larger individuals,
its sides rounded.’ Aperture compressed crescentic in outline, the proportion of
height to width about as 7 to 5, the ventral margin sinuate as indicated by the
lines of growth. The size of the living chamber not known. Septa deeply concave,
rather distant, being about 20 mm. apart in the outer volution of a large individual;

aU. 8S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol. IV, Pt. I, p. 99.

AGONIATITES, NOMISMOCERAS. 33

the sutures forming a low saddle upon the umbilical angle, then gently curving
backward and forming on each lateral face a single broad lobe which occupies the
entire width of the volution; the direction of the suture upon the periphery can not
be certainly determined, but there seems to be a low saddle on either side, with a
shallow ventral lobe between. Position of the siphuncle unknown. Surface marked
by faint lines of growth which are sinuate on the periphery of the shell.

Remarks.—In the original description of CGoniatites opimus, specimens of two
entirely different species were apparently used, the general form of the shell being
described from one specimen and the suture from another. The specimen here
illustrated on Pl. VII, fig. 8 [in Weller’s Kinderhook Faunal Studies, II, The
Fauna of the Chonopectus Sandstone at Burlington, Iowa], is the type of the species
in the University of Michigan collection, and corresponds with original description
of the general form and proportions of the shell. This specimen, however, does
not preserve the suture, and the original from which the suture was described has
not been seen. The latter specimen was probably a fragmentary one, not preserving
the form of the shell, which was believed to belong to the same species as the type
which has been preserved. In the collection received from Prof. Calvin there is
a goniatite much larger than the type of @. optimus, but agreeing closely with it in
its general form and proportions in all respects save in its relatively larger umbilicus.
This specimen is illustrated on Pls. VIII and IX [in Weller’s paper cited above],
and it is believed to be an individual of the same species as the type of G. opimus;
but, unlike the type specimen, several of the sutures are fairly well preserved, and
are entirely different from the sutures of G. opimus as indicated in the original
description. It is therefore probable that the suture originally described as that of
G. opimus is really that of some shell which is not only specifically but generically
distinct from G. opimus. The true suture of the species is in all respects that of
the genus Agondatites, and therefore the species is placed in that genus. Heretofore
this genus has been recognized only in the Devonian, and in America, at least, at no
higher horizon than the Middle Devonian.

Occurrence.-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chonopectus
sandstone, Burlington, Iowa.

_ Family GEPHYROCERATID.
Genus Nomismoceras Hyatt.

This genus was established by Hyatt,” with Goniatites spirorbis Phillips
as the type, to include evolute shells with wide umbilicus and glyphioceran
septa; it was regarded as belonging to the Glyphioceratidae, section
Dimorphocere. Haug’ classes Nomismoceras under the Gephyroceratidee,
and regards it as the radical of the Meekoceratide of the Trias, the series
being Nomismoceras, Paralecanites, Lecanites, Meekoceras.

“ Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. X XII, p. 330. > Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 46.
3

MON XLII—O2

o4 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

It is possible that Nomismoceras may be the connecting link between
this family and Prolecanites, although it may be a degenerate form of the
Glyphioceratidae, to which opinion E. Holzapfel” seems to incline.

NOMISMOCERAS ? MONROENSE Worthen.
PLO VG rhio-ealite

1890. Goniatites monroensis, A. H. Worthen, Geol. Surv. Illinois, Vol. VIII, p. 150,
IE REXGXGV Ale tics

Shell discoidal, evolute, compressed, sides slightly rounded, abdomen
narrow and sharply rounded. Height of whorl a little greater than width;
umbilicus comparatively wide, being about once and a half as wide as the
height of the whorl. Umbilical shoulders rather angular and abrupt.
Surface of shell smooth, septa consisting of a pair of short rounded lobes
on each side, with obtuse saddles.

The generic reference is very doubtful; the species certainly does not
agree with the type of the genus, but probably is as nearly related to it as
are several other species that are generally classed under Nomismoceras.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Monroe, Illinois.
Deposited in the Illinois State Museum.

Superfamily PROLECANITID At.
Family BELOCERATID 2.
Genus Propromires Smith and Weller.

The type of this genus is P. (Goniatites) gorbyi Miller.” The type
species was originally described as ‘“ Goniatites,’ but a most liberal
interpretation of that group could not include this form, which was
assigned to that division simply because of its occurrence in Carboniferous
rocks.

The genus Prodromites is characterized by its laterally compressed, dis-
coidal, involute. deeply embracing whorls, narrow umbilicus, high, hollow
abdominal keel, and complex ceratitic septa. Where the keel is broken off,

“Die Cephalopoden des Domanik im siidlichen Timan, p. 21: Méin. Com. géol. Russie, XII, No. 3.
» Advance sheets Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, p. 90, Pl. XV, fig. 1; and Seventeenth
Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, p. 700, Pl. XV, fig. 1.

PRODROMITES. 35

as is usually the case, the abdomen is flattened and angular. The surface,
as far as known, is smooth, destitute of ribs, constrictions, or other ornamen-
tation. The septation is the most distinctive feature of this genus, on
account of the large number of serrated lobes, and extensive auxiliary series
of lobes and saddles. The ventral lobe is rather long and undivided, the
saddles all rounded and entire; the first four or five lateral lobes are serrated,
and in addition to these there is a series of six or more pointed and more or
less irregular auxiliary lobes.

The only Paleozoic genus to which Prodromites may be likened is
Beloceras Hyatt, which it resembles only in its compressed involute form
and in the multiplication of the elements of the septa The resemblance is
not great, but the agreement is fundamental, and the two genera may safely
be placed in the same family or phylum. A much greater resemblance and
probable kinship connects this form with Hedenstramia Waagen, of the
Lower Trias of the Oriental region. The best known species of that genus
is H. mojsisovicsi Diener." In Hedenstrwmia, as defined by Waagen,’ the
ventral lobe is divided, the external saddle is divided by adventitious lobes;
the first four lateral lobes are serrated, and there is a series of about six
pointed auxiliary lobes. The form is flattened, involute, with narrow and
angular abdomen. No keel is known, and the shell is smooth. In
Prodromites, on the other hand, the ventral lobe is undivided, and the
external saddle is entire and rounded; but in the serration of the first four
or five lateral lobes, and in the auxiliary series it is almost identical with
Hedenstremia, as also in the form, with the exception of the keel, which
may not have been preserved in the few specimens known. There can be
no doubt that the two genera belong to the same phylum and even family,
in spite of the long time that intervened between the Kinderhook formation
of the Lower Carboniferous and the Lower Trias. Hedenstramia (Pl. XXV,
fig. 5), according to Waagen,° belongs to the family Pinacoceratidie, sub-
family Hedenstrceeminze, which also contains Clypites Waagen, and Carnites
Mojsisovies of the Trias. The family Pinacoceratide in the broader sense,
as defined by Waagen, contains all forms with compressed involute whorls,

an adventitious series of lobes, many lateral lobes and saddles, and an

“Pal. Indica, Ser. XV, Himalayan fossils, Vol. I1, Pt. I, Cephalopoda of the Lower Trias, p. 63,
Pl. XX, fig. la-c.

+ Pal. Indica, Ser. XIII, Salt Range Fossils, Vol II, Fossils from the Ceratite formation, p. 140.

¢ Tbid.

36 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

auxiliary series of lobes outside of the umbilicus. In this family Waagen
groups the following subfamilies: 1, Medlicottine; 2, Beloceratine; 3,
Beneckeinz; 4, Hedenstroemine; all of which have representatives in
American Paleozoic or Triassic strata.

It is not likely that Prodromites is a descendant of Beloceras, since the
septation is quite different in the two genera; and unless Hedenstramia
should be found to have a keel, it is not probable that it has descended
from Prodromites. Beloceras is commonly-placed in the family Prolecani-
tide, although it antedates any typical species of Prolecanites. Ou the
other hand, Medlicottia, which appears to be closely related to Prodromites,
seems certainly to have been a descendant of the typical Prolecantidie.
No solution of these questions is possible until the ontogeny of several of
these genera is known, which is prevented, at present, by a scarcity of
specimens. Until other evidence is forthcoming Prodromites is placed
under the Beloceratide, as an ancestral group of the family Pinacoceratide.

The genus is not founded solely on Miller’s figure, which is not accu-
rate, nor even on his type specimens, but also on three other specimens of
this species and one of another species, bringing out certain characters that
did not show on Miller’s type. The writer has had at his disposal for study
four specimens of Prodromites gorbyi Miller, and one of P. prematurus
Smith and Weller, all of which, except one, belong to the paleontologic
collection of the Walker Museum, University of Chicago, to the authorities
of which the writer’s thanks are due for the use of the specimens. The
first specimen, No. 6208," is Miller’s type of Goniatites gorbyi, and came
from the Chouteau limestone, Pin Hook Bridge, Pettis County, Mo. A
second specimen, No. 6474, was obtained from Prof. G. C. Broadhead; it is
better preserved than the type, but is in the same sort of limestone, and
while it is merely labeled ‘“‘Chouteau limestone, Pettis County, Mo.,” it
probably came from the same locality as the type. A third specimen, No.
6722, is recorded merely from the Kinderhook stage of Burlington, Lowa.
The material in which it is preserved is a buff or yellowish, rather finely
crystalline limestone, the position of which in the Kinderhook section at
Burlington is probably near the top, between the oolitic limestone and the
buff magnesian bed, which lies immediately below the Burlington limestone,

« The numbers refer to the Walker Museum collection.

PRODROMITES. 37

of Osage age. This horizon may then be correlated with the Chouteau
limestone of central Missouri.

A fourth specimen of Prodromites gorbyi was studied in the collection
of Fred. Braun, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; it came from the goniatite beds of the
Kinderhook of Rockford, Ind., associated with Prolecanites lyoni Meek and
Worthen, Aganides rotatorius de Koninck, Muensteroceras oweni Hall, M.
parallelum Hall; thus it is certainly in the zone of Aganides rotatorius of the
Tournaisian horizon of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian or Dinantian).

A fifth specimen of the genus, No. 6223, belongs to a new species,
(P. prematurus Smith and Weller); it came from the goniatite beds of the
Kinderhook of Rockford, Ind.

Occurrence.—Since this genus occurs in the same horizon, in rocks
of different lithologic character, and in three localities, separated by hun-
dreds of miles, it may be considered as characteristic of the Kinderhook or
Chouteau horizon of the Lower Carboniferous, equivalent to the lower part

‘of the Tournaisian division of the European Dinantian formation. At

present, Prodromites is not known outside of America, and but three species
are known, in the Mississippi Valley region, from the three localities
mentioned.

Propromitres GorByt Miller.

lex Mi PIS XX Visnes. 2:

1891. Gondatites gorbyi, S. A. Miller, Advance sheets Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol.
Surv. Indiana, p. 90, Pl. XV, fig. 1.

1892. (Goniatites gorbyi, S. A. Miller, Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana,
p. 700; Pl. XV, fig. 1.

1901. Prodromites gorbyi, Smith and Weller, Jour. Geol., Vol. IX, No. 3, p. 259,
ee Vilewtion i> aVellieationl slo VAUD sho ss al: and!) 2:

Neither the description nor the figure of this type given by Miller 1s
accurate, the drawings of the septa being much too generalized. The form
is laterally compressed, involute, discoidal, with very narrow wnbilicus.
The abdomen is narrow and surmounted by a high hollow keel, which,
however, is not usually preserved. Where the keel is broken away the
abdomen is narrow, less than a millimeter wide, with angular edges. The
sides are smooth, devoid of constrictions, ribs, or other ornamentation, so
far as could be determined from the casts.

The septa are complex, ceratitic, with many lobes and saddles. The

38 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA

ventral lobe is .ong and undivided. The external saddle is rounded, entire,
and shorter than the laterals. The first lateral lobe is serrated, four-pointed;
the second four-pointed; the third, three-pointed; the. fourth, irreeularly
three-pointed; the fifth, irregularly bifid. With the sixth lateral lobe begins
the auxiliary series of goniatitic lobes, which are of irregular size, and eight
in number at maturity, growing smaller toward the umbilicus. These
characters could not be made out distinctly on Miller’s type, but the details
were clearly seen on No. 6474, from the same locality. The differences
between the two specimens might seem, at a casual glance, to be specific,
but closer study shows them to be due to difference of preservation, and to
different sizes at which the septa are seen. The type specimen shows the
keel at only a few places on the periphery, and so indistinctly that Miller
overlooked it, while No. 6474 shows the keel, 35 mm. high, entirely around
the periphery. On both specimens the body chamber is incomplete and
occupies a little over a fourth of the last revolution. It is not known what
was the shape of the aperture, how long the body chamber was when the
keel began, nor what the internal lobes were like, since none of the speci
mens available sufticed to answer these questions.

A smaller specimen, No. 6222, from the Kinderhook beds, of Burling-
ton, Lowa, showed much simpler septa and the narrow angular abdomen
with the keel broken off. It is undoubtedly in the beginning of the mature
stage of growth, and is of value in showing the shape of the cross section,
since the sides were free from the matrix.

Occurrence.—At present there are known only five specimens of Pro-
dromites gorbyi, all from the same horizon, Kinderhook or Chouteau stage
zone of Aganides rotatorius of the Lower Carboniferous, equivalent to the
Tournaisian horizon of the Dinantian formation of Europe, viz:

1. Miller’s type, from the Chouteau limestone of Pin Hook Bridge,
Pettis County, Mo. No. 6208, paleontologice collection, Walker Museum,
University of Chicago (Gurley collection). This specimen is the type of
the genus Prodromites Smith and Weller (Pl. XXIII, fig. 1).

Dimensions.
Millimeters.
Diameters Sead 2 <2 Sav t nd Soe eee ee wn eS ree ere ein hata ae ere ete ear me ee 114
Efer@htrailasticoil: os 5 Sea es ee a aa Se ee eee Sk Lee 64
Heightrotlasticoil trom! the precedin gy. 22-2 eee oe noe eee a ee ee 35
Waidthioiiastrcoil’: 2... (fee aera pees = 502 eo a etc alot ee eee ete fe ne
my OUGLO ng es ee oes =o che = ES one Sete cig lee re a ee a 29

Width of umbilicus - - - - - hes SN oS Se eA at Ae ae SR 4

PRODROMITES. 39

2. Specimen obtained from Prof. G. C. Broadhead, Chouteau limestone,
Pettis County, Mo., probably from the same locality as the last, No. 6474,
paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago (Ged f
XXIII, fig: 2).

Dimensions.

Millimeters.

IDEN 4 SRO geno Rade Ae SSeS Ee Sea eee Sees Lesion 22 ada uloueteieeaeaise as 117
eT nihO mM Asta LO Lle a sare ease Se meena rete. ae sified tage eae ee eae 68
Height of last whorl from the preceding. ....---...------------.---------- 38
Dnivolunonees» eaaere ce ont = ci acee sa seeker access BPE See Se ck 30
WiUlinenmtatm DUT CUR Ee eae ee en Sane Cate Eke SS... ob oe ages 5?

3. Specimen from the Kinderhook limestone of Burlington, Iowa,
between the oolitic limestone and the buff magnesian bed that lies imme-
diately below the Burlington beds of the Osage stage. No. 6222, pal-
eontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago (PI. XXV,
Gere aiP a
figs. 1 and 2)

Dimensions.
Millimeters.

TOTS re 8 SR SERS e COB CHOROID Cone SESE BOSSE Bre ce Sen aaemaem 75
eiohiiomlastamh one ose seen ate tease ena nes ee <a Ske ene am a tedloe 42
Meichtior lastawhorl iron the preceding: aso -2s.--0.22-2-sce-eeecce= = 2= = 25
Wiadthy oflastiwiborit.sasstees scission seco nate cast cack Sethe sein cs seas 10
Noriy OCG OMe A oe ne ewe eee ces eee oe ee A RB a a Ae 17
NVA GILL AOTUNT DIN CHE SUDO Wuhee pais a ste ty sersinorycck womteninkic holectetemaaice sss 4

4. Specimen from the goniatite beds of the Kinderhook of Rockford,
Ind.; in the paleontologie collection of Fred. Braun, of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
where it was examined by the writer. Its dimensions are about the same
as of the two specimens from Missouri.

5. A specimen from this species is said to be in the U. 8. National
Museum, but it has not been seen by the writer.

PRODROMITES ORNATUS Smith, sp. nov.
Plate XXV, figs. 6-8.

Form discoidal, involute, laterally compressed. Whorls deeply
embracing, and deeply indented by the inner volutions. Cross section of
the whorl high and narrow, with flattened sides and acute venter, sur-
mounted by a sharp, narrow keel. The umbilicus is almost entirely closed,
and without umbilical shoulders. The height of the whorl is somewhat
more than one-half of the total diameter of the shell, and the breadth is
one-fourth of the height; it is indented by the inner volution to one-half of

40 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

its height. The surface of the cast is ornamented with sigmoidal ribs, which
bend backward toward the venter. These ribs are fine and sinuous, showing
with unusual distinctness on the cast. The outer shell is unknown, but
they should be even more distinct on it.

Septa ceratitic, lanceolate. The ventral lobe seems to be undivided,
the first lateral is indistinctly tripartite. the second lateral distinctly serrated,
and the third is bifid; these are followed by a series of six unserrated
auxiliary lobes, growing smaller and shorter toward the umbilicus.

From its small size, its shape, and the primitiveness of its septa, this
specimen might be considered as the young of Prodromites gorbyi, but in all
known specimens of that species the surface of the cast is perfectly smooth.
It undoubtedly belongs to that genus, and is perhaps the young of some
unknown form, but probably not that of Prodromites gorbyi, nor of P.
prematurus; a name is therefore given to it by which the mature form may
be known when it is discovered.

Only a single specimen is known, No. 7682, paleontologic collection,
Walker Museum, University of Chicago. The writer’s thanks are due Dr.
Stuart Weller for the use of the type. Diameter of the type, 28 mm.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau lime-
stone, Pettis County, Mo.

PRODROMITES PRH!MATURUS Smith and Weller.
Pl. XXV, figs. 3 and 4.
1901. Prodromites prematurus, Smith and Weller, Jour. Geol., Vol. IX, No. 3,
p- 261, Pl. VIII, figs. 3 and 4.

Type of species is specimen No. 6223, paleontologic collection,
Walker Museum, University of Chicago (Gurley collection). Form later-
ally compressed, discoidal, involute, deeply embracing, with narrow umbil-
icus, narrow, slightly flattened abdomen surmounted by a hollow keel
3mm. high. Whorl indented by the preceding whorl to a little over one-
third of its height. Surface smooth, so far as known.

The septa are complex, ceratitic, with rounded, entire saddles, serrated
lateral lobes, and a series of auxiliaries above the umbilicus. The ventral
lobe is narrow and undivided; the first lateral is longer and three-pointed;
the second lateral, four-pointed; the third lateral, bifid; the fourth lateral,
bifid; then begins a series of auxiliary lobes, undivided and pointed, seven

in number.

PRONORITES. 41

The only species with which Prodromites prematurus might be com-
pared is P. gorbyi, from the same horizon, but in P. prematurus the abdomen
is slightly broader, the shell rather thicker, the septa rather more complex,
and the umbilicus slightly wider than on P. gorbyi at the same diameter.
In the figures and descriptions of the septa a difference between the two
species may easily be seen.

Dimensions.
Millimeters.

Dia Wee eyes te Stel ese ce tc ee tieae se asisises aciciiece steed 62
Lalereloir: One IEICE player is 28S Sens 5 abi goatee eae SES ace oe eee eee et 3
Height of last whorl trom) the preceding--3-2:2.--2--.---.-.-------..- 21
WG ikea aStoyhODl esr eae ne ae ee eee te as oasis Sie 9.5
JEAN CIGUNO Cae Bee ISRO ES SE eee 655 Sone a ae ee ee ee 13
Widths ott bilicus:s2 2522, Sos. asec sce aeae avons e eet see 6.5

This specimen was septate throughout, and when complete must have
been much larger.

Occurrence.—Only a single specimen is known, No. 6223 of the
paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago, from the
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone, goniatite beds of Rockford,
Ind., near the base of the Mississippian series.

Family PRONORITID 2.

As it is now generally admitted that Pronorites and its allies can not be
classed under the family Prolecanitidze in the strictest sense, some new
designation for this group ought to be given. E. Haug“ proposed the name
Ibergiceratidee for this phylum, but the genus on which the family was
founded, Ibergiceras, has since been shown to be merely an immature form
of Pronorites cyclolobus. Since Pronorites is the principal genus of this
group, and is the ancestor of a large number of genera that occur in the
Permian and Trias, the writer proposes to call the family Pronoritidee,
including Pronorites, Sicanites, Propinacoceras, and Medlicottia. ‘These all
seem to have been derived from Paraprolecanites, which may then be
considered as the family radicle: F. Frech” has used the term Pronoritinze
for this group, regarding it as a subfamily.

Genus Pronorires Mojsisovies.

In the adult stage Pronorites is discoidal, has high, narrow whorl, with
nearly parallel sides, is very involute, and has narrow umbilicus.
The siphonal lobe is three-pointed, the first lateral lobe divided into

aBtudes sur les Goniatites, p. 50. bDie Dyas, p. 481.

42 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

two or three parts by secondary sinuses. In addition to these there are
several auxiliary lateral lobes, three to six, all slightly pointed, while all the
saddles are rounded. No constrictions or other surface ornamentations are
known, except that on the adult body chamber faint ribs have been observed.

The first septum of Pronorites is latisellate, and the broad sinus is soon
divided by a siphonal lobe into two lateral sinuses (Pl. XII, fig. Lae Aihisiis
the end of the embryonic stage, in which the shell is seen to belong to an
ammonoid cephalopod, but the family is not yet indicated.

In the next stage the lateral sinuses are subdivided by broad, rounded
lobes; the sutures then resemble those of Goniatites (Ibergiceras)" tetragonus
Roemer, and the shell is in the beginning of the larval or nepionic stage; a
little further on the sutures are like those of a Prolecanites (P. serpentinus
Phillips), and the larval stage is approaching its end.

In the following or neanic stage the siphonal lobe becomes three-
pointed, and the shell corresponds to Paraprolecanites Karpinsky, and its
family affinities are beyond doubt (PI. XIII, fig. DE

With the adult or ephebic stage the first lateral lobe becomes divided
into two or three parts (PL.XIII, fig. 5e-f). With this stage the genus
Pronorites stops; but Gemmellaro has described from the Permian of Sicily
a further development of this series in the genus Parapronorites, in which
the double lateral lobe and some of the simple ones become serrated.

Another line of development of Pronorites has been described by Gem-
mellaro as Sicanites, in which all the lateral lobes become double like the
first one. The next higher stages are given by Medlicottia Waagen, in
which the siphonal saddles become indented and ammonitic. Karpinsky’
shows that Medlicottia in its development goes through the Ibergiceras,
Prolecanites, Paraprolecanites, Pronorites, Sicanites and Promedlicottia stages.

Pronorites is represented in America by two species, one in the upper
part of the St. Louis-Chester stage, and one in the Middle Coal Measures,
both in Arkansas. The finding of Pronorites in Arkansas is of great impor-
tance, since it is the ancestor of Medlicottia, which, though unknown in
Arkansas, has been found at no great distance away in the Texas Permian.

Pronorites, on the other hand, has not yet been found in Texas.

« Holzapfel has recently shown in Die Cephalopoden des Domanik im stidlichen Timan, p. 49,
that Ibergiceras tetragonus Roemer is merely a young stage of Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips, and came
from the Carboniferous limestone instead of from the Devonian strata of the Hartz.

> Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 41.

PRONORITES. 43

These occurrences help to prove the continuity of life from the Car-
boniferous into the Permian, and to show that the same conditions existed
here as in the Artinsk region of the Ural Mountains, where the Carbonifer-
ous beds contain the goniatites out of which most of the Permian ammonites
were developed.

PronoriTEs CycLoLosus Phillips, variety ARKANSASENSIS Smith
Pl. XII, figs. 12-15.

1836. Goniatites cyclolobus, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. II, p. 287, Pl. XX, figs:
40-42.

1845. Goniatites cyclolobus, Murchison, Verneuil, and Keyserling, Géol. Russie
d’Europe, etc., Vol. Il, p. 370, Pl. XX VII, fig. 4.

1855. Goniatites cyclolobus, F. A. Roemer, Paleontographica, Vol. V, p. 167, Pl.
RESVME ties (moter We ps 9b, El Xu tie. 34)!

1860. Goniatites cyclolobus, F. A. Roemer, Paleeontographica, Vol. IX, p. 11, Pl. IV,
ines, WS Bh 105

1880. Goniatites cyclolobus, Li. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique,
Wolke Wy ae Bask, Wale Ie ines ay G.

1882. Pronorites cyclolobus, EK. yon Mojsisovies, Cephalop. Mediterranen Triasproy-
inz, p. 201.

188+. Pronorites cyclolobus, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. X XII, p. 337.

188+. Pronorites cyclolobus, K. A. von Zittel, Handbuch der Paleont., Vol. II, p. 421,
rai, BYS{0), ;

1888. Goniatites cyclolobus, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. I, Paleozoic, p. 311.

1889. Pronorites cyclolobus var. uralensis, A. Karpinsky, Ammoneen der Artinsk-
Stufe, p. 8, Pl. I, fig. 4.

1890. Pronorites cyclolobus, Steinmann and Déderlein, Elemente der Paliiont., p. 395,
fio. 475.

1895. Pronorites cyclolobus, K. A. von Zittel, Grundziige der Paleont., p. 400,
fig. 1089.

1896. Pronorites cyclolobus var. arkansasensis, J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soce.,
Vol. XXXV, p. 267, Pl. XXIV, figs. 1-4.

1897. Pronorites cyclolobus, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. III,
p. 264, fig. 125.

1900. Pronorites cyclolobus, A. Hyatt, Cephalopoda, p. 562, fig. 1156. (Not Gondatites
cyclolobus Barrois, Mém. Soc. Géol. du Nord., Vol. Il, p. 295, Pl. XIV.
fig. 2, a-c= Pronorites barroisi Karpinsky.)

Phillips’s original description of Goniatites cyclolobus is as follows:
Discoid, sides flat, back broad, mner whorls half concealed, septa with four round
lateral lobes, a small double dorsal lobe, and small acute dorsal sinuses, the first
lateral sinus double, the others simple, all round.

This description is too meager to be of more than generic value, and
also the term ‘‘dorsal” is used where now ‘‘abdominal” is in common use.

The shell is smooth, discoidal, very involute. The sides are nearly

44 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

parallel and the breadth increases very slowly; the abdominal shoulders
are nearly square, and the abdomen flat. The whorls are deeply embrac-
ing and increase rapidly in height. The umbilical shouders are square, the
umbilicus narrow and deep, and increases slowly in diameter.

Dimensions.—The specimen, which was septate throughout, gave the
following dimensions:

Millimeters.
Diametera-= cases 8 hse oe do he eee een eee Be we. She cee ote See 34. 0
Height of last whorl from umbilical shoulders. ----.-.-..--.---------------- 17.5
JEnGEChd tao ten Sos Jet ee ae Rane oad ace qos e BORO EU ESOOEE eee atc 10.0
Wiel souor buena wblis| Soke Wee Saeco or dea icb acd ee oicpapeees sce sence 7.0

This gives the proportions: 1: 0.5 : 0.29 : 0.20: which agree almost
exactly with Karpinsky’s figures, 1: 0.5 : 0.30: 0.20. On the Arkansas
specimen the involution is shown by the height of the last whorl from the
top of the next inner one, 12.5 mm. as compared with the total height of
the whorl, which is 17.5 mm. No measurements of this relation were shown
on the Russian specimen.

This deseription applies only to the adult shell, the relative measure-
ments of the nepionic and neanic shells being very different. The Arkansas
specimen showed only the last whorl, but the young stages have been
worked out by Karpinsky,” from whose work the following description is
translated :

Around the cylindrical embryonic chamber [Pl. XIII, fig. 2] are coiled very
evolute whorls, whose involution increases gradually, but at first only in slight
measure [Pl. XIII, fig. 4]. So, for example, the fourth whorl embraces at the begin-
ning only about one-fourth of the preceding; thus the height of the evolute portion
of this fourth whorl is six or seven times as great as that of its own involute portion.

With later stages of growth the involution increases so that the whorls become
finally completely embracing, and probably conceal a portion of the umbilicus.
Because of this mode of growth the umbilicus appears at first broad, and increasing
rapidly, then only gradually, and finally not at all, while the whorl continues to grow
in height with great rapidity. Thus, at a diameter of the whorl of 4 or 5 millimeters,
the umbilicus is abont one-half of the total diameter, and at 30 millimeters only
about one-fifth. The first and second whorls have a broad elliptical cross section
[Pl. XIII, fig. 3], while that of the succeeding whorls becomes higher, with the long
elliptical axis vertical [Pl. XIII, fig. 2], and then finally the flanks are bounded by
almost parallel lines and the siphonal side is only slightly arched.

Ontogeny—According to Karpinsky the first or typembryonie stage is
latisellate—that is, the suture consists of a broad abdominal saddle; this
saddle is next divided by a broad siphonal lobe (Pl. XII, fig. 1).

a Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 8.

PRONORITES. 45

The next stage corresponds to the supposed genus Ibergiceras Kar-
pinsky, of which Gon. tetragonus Roemer is the type; inthis the whorls are
broad, low, and only slightly embracing, the umbilicus wide and shallow.
The sutures consist of a long rather narrow siphonal lobe and two broadly
rounded lateral lobes. This is the nepionic or larval stage (Pl. XIU,
fig. 5a). In the continuation of this stage the whorls become higher and
the lobes more complicated, corresponding to the genus Prolecanites, of
which Gon. henslow? Phillips and Gon. serpentinus Phillips are typical forms.

In the next stage the shape of shell does not change materially, but the
siphonal lobe becomes three-pointed (Pl. XIII, fig. 5); this is the neanic
or youthful stage, and corresponds to the genus Paraprolecanites Karpinsky,
of which the type is Gon. mixolobus Sandberger (not Phillips).”

The further development consists in the division of the first lateral
lobe by a secondary saddle; the shell is then in the ephebic or adult stage,
and in Pronorites gets no higher in its development.

The sutures are then constant in shape, and consist of a three-pointed
siphonal lobe, a first lateral lobe deeply divided by a secondary saddle and
five secondary lateral lobes outside the umbilical border, and one on the
umbilical shoulder. All the lobes are pointed, and the saddles rounded.
The inner lobes, covered by the involution, are unknown.

The sutures, as figured on Pl. XII, fig. 15, show some differences
from those figured by Phillips, Pl. XII, fig. 38, and by Karpinsky, Pl. XIII,
fig. 5. On the Arkansas specimens the three-pointed siphonal lobe is
longer than on the type of Phillips, or the form P. cyclolobus variety
uralensis Karpinsky, the secondary sinus on the first lateral lobe is deeper,
and the second lateral lobe is proportionally longer. In this the Arkansas
specimen does not depart further from the type than the variety wralensis.
This difference was thought to be of sufficient importance to characterize
a new variety, and the name P. cyclolobus Phillips, variety arkansasensis was
proposed in 1896.

Surface markings.—The shell is smooth and devoid of constrictions or
other ornamentation, but on the body chamber of the adult Karpinsky
observed weak ribs that are stronger on the abdomen and grow weaker
toward the umbilicus.

«Verstein. Rhein. Schichtensystems in Nassau, p. 67, Pl. III. fig. 13%; Pl. IX, fig. 6.

46 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Affinities —This species is certainly a variety of Pronorites cyclolobus
Phillips,* but is more involute at the corresponding diameter, and has a
narrower umbilicus and a greater number of lateral lobes. Specimens
described by de Koninck’ from Belgium, and by Roemer* from the Hartz
Mountains in Germany, agree perfectly with the type of Pronorites cyclolo-
bus; the English, Belgian, and German beds, in which the species was
found, are all in about the same horizon as the bed in which it was found
in Arkansas, and are considerably older than the Upper Carboniferous lime-
stone in which it was found in the Ural Mountains. From this Karpinsky@
thinks the variety wralensis represents a mutation from the type of the
species.

The form from the Pyrenees described by Barrois’ as Goniatites cyclo-
lobus Phillips has been shown by Karpinsky to be a new species, P. barroisi
Karpinsky. This form is more evolute than even the type of P. cyclolobus,
and its lobes and saddles are broader and also less numerous.

Occurrence—Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips, variety arkansasensis Smith
was found with Gastrioceras branneri Smith in Arkansas, on Pilot Moun-
tain, Carroll County, 34 miles southwest of Valley Springs, in T. 17 N.,
R. 19 W., sec. 18, northeast corner, near the junction of the Chester lime-
stone of the Lower Carboniferous with the Lower Coal Measures or
‘Millstone grit,” but probably in the Chester stage, judging from the
occurrence of Productus cestriensis Meek and Worthen in the same beds
goniatite. The beds are called A 10 in Prof. H. 8. Williams’s

section; below them lie 55 feet of micaceous sandstones and shales (A 9 of

with the

the section), and below that coarse, reddish-brown fossiliferous limestone,
belonging to the Chester stage of the Lower Carboniferous.

The type figured on Pl. XII, figs. 12-15, is the property of the U.S.
Geological Survey (National Museum), locality number 1275.

Pronorites cyclolobus has been found in England in the upper part of
the Mountain limestone; in Belgium in the limestone of Visé; in Germany
in the Kohlenkalk of the Hartz; and the variety wralensis has been found
in Russia in the Upper Carboniferous limestone of the Ural Mountains in

} 2 of the section.

“Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. II, p. 237, Pl. XX, figs. 40-42.

>Faune eale. carbon. de la Belgique, Vol. I, p. 273, Pl. L, figs. 5 and 6.
¢Paleeontographica, Vol. IX, p. 167, Pl. XX VII, fig. 1.

@ Ammoneen der. Artinsk-Stufe, p. 10.

€Mém. Soc. Géol. du Nord, Vol. II, No. 1, p. 295, Pl. XIV, fig. 2.

PRONORITES, MEDLICOTTIA. 47

PRONORITES STEBENTHALI Smith, sp. Nov.

Pl. XI, figs. 5-7.

1896. Pronorites sp. indet., J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXYV, p.
270, Pl. XX, figs. 2a-c.

In the Middle Coal Measures of Scott County, Ark., T.1 N., R. 28 W., se
4, SE. 4 of SE. 4, was found a single fragment that seems to Belong to Pr od.
ae It is septate, and must have belonged to an individual about 24
inches in diameter. ‘The sides are smooth and little embracing and almost
parallel; the coil is thin and discoidal, and the ventral or external portion
seems to be only slightly arched. From the umbilicus toward the ventral
portion are seen five lateral lobes that are long and pointed, the saddles
being somewhat rounded. The siphonal lobe and part of the first lateral
lobe are not seen, that part of the shell being worn so that they can not be
made out, but enough of the first lateral lobe is visible to show the secoud-
ary saddle that divides it. The septa are very close together, as seems to
be the case on all species of this genus.

The nearest known relative is Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips, var. wralensis
Karpinsky.” The lobes figured on Pl. I, fig. 4, of Karpinsky’s monograph

are very like those of the specimen from Scott County, and the general
] y,

2
shape of the coil, the height, and the amount of the involution are about
the same on both.
Occurrence —Middle Coal Measures, Scott County, Ark., T. 1 N., R. 28
W., sec. 4.
Genus Mepuicorria Waagen.

It was once thought that ammonites were not found below the Meso-
zoic, and that all the Paleozoic ammonoids were goniatites. A survival of
this idea is seen in Dr. C. A. White’s description of the Permian ammonites
of Texas as ‘Mesozoic types.” But to-day it is recognized that ammonites
are quite as characteristic of the Permian as of any later formation.

Medlicottia was one of the first Paleozoic ammonites to be deseribed,
a species of this genus having been published by Murchison, Verneuil,
and Keyserling’ under the name Goniatites orbignyanus, trom the Artinsk

formation, Lower Permian, of eastern Russia.

« Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 8, Pl. I, fig. 4
»Géol. Russie d’ Europe etc., Vol. II, p. 375, Pl. XX VI, fig. 6.

48 ~ CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Since that time species of this genus have been found in the Permian
of India, Sicily, and Texas, and one species has recently been described
by Diener* from the Lower Trias, so that it is no longer to be regarded as
exclusively Paleozoie.

As to the systematic position of this genus there is no doubt, for
Karpinsky’ settled that question by his researches in the ontogeny of
Medlicottia, Pronorites, and kindred forms. ‘The only question now is
whether Medlicottia is to be placed in a separate subfamily, Medlicottinee,
or whether the larger group, Prolecanitide, shall be retained. Waagen
regards the latter group as a suborder.

Mepuicorr1a copet White.
Pl. XXIJ, figs. 1-3.
1889. Medlicottia copei, C. A. White, Am. Nat., Vol. XXIII, p. 117, Pl. I, figs. 1, 3.
1891. Medlicottia copei, C. A. White, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 77, p. 21, Pl. I,
figs. 1, 3.
1901. Medlicottia cope’, F. Frecn, Die Dyas, p. 512, figs. 1 and 2.

Shell discoidal, compressed laterally, sides almost flat, narrow umbilicus;
narrow flattened venter, with moderately deep ventral furrow bounded by
angular and slightly beaded keels. Whorls involute and deeply embracing,
becoming more so as age advances. “Surface almost smooth, ornamented
with fine curving cross ribs; the spiral ribs or strize that are found on some
species of Medlicottia have not been observed on the Texas specimens.
The septa are complex, as is always the case with this genus. The siphonal
lobe is long and narrow, with a number of small denticulations on the
sides. The external saddle is deeply digitate and rather broad. The
lateral saddles are long and tongue-shaped, but entire. ‘The four principal
lateral lobes are narrow and deeply bifid. ‘There are also about eight
auxiliary lateral lobes, of which the two highest upon the sides are bifid,
and those nearer the umbilicus undivided, thus exemplifying Jackson’s
law of localized stages of development.

Occurrence—In the Permian of Baylor County, Tex., at the military
crossing on the Big Wichita River; also near San Angelo, Tom Green
County, Tex.

“Pal. Indica, Ser. XV, Himalayan fossils, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 48.
b Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe.

SCHUCHERTITES. 49

Since this genus is so widely spread and so characteristic of the
Permian, this horizon has been called the zone of Medlicottia. Closely
related species have been found in the same horizon and in approximately
the same association in the Artinsk formation of the Ural Mountains; in
the Productus limestone of the Salt Range of India; in the Fusulina
limestone of Sicily; and in the Wichita formation of northern Texas.
Haug® has ttempted to subdivide the Permian into zones, based on species
of Medlicottia, but this is impracticable, since these species are not inter-
regional in distribution and since the exact stratigraphic relations of these

beds in various parts of the world are not yet known.

Family NORITIDA.
Genus SCHUCHERTITES gen. nov.

Form discoidal, laterally compressed; sides flattened; abdomen narrow,
angular, and channeled. Close coiled, involute, with narrow umbilicus.
Surface devoid of ribs, constrictions, and other ornamentation, except
curved cross strive of growth, forming gentle undulations on the shell.

Septa ammonitic and complex, with numerous lobes and_ saddles.
Siphonal lobe divided into two short lobes by a secondary siphonal saddle.
First lateral saddle divided by a short rounded indentation or adventitious
lobe; all the other saddles rounded and entire. Lobes somewhat digitate
and club-shaped, constricted at the upper portion. The septa, instead of
running straight across the sides, are arranged in a backward-pointing curve,
parallel with the striz of growth.

No similar Paleozoic genus has been described, so its systematic position
is somewhat doubtful, especially since the young stages of the shell are
unknown. But the compressed, involute, discoidal form and the compli-
cation of the septa suggest a relationship to Medlicottia, hence it is grouped
near that genus under the superfamily Prolecanitidee, and doubtfully
referred to the Noritide. The shape of the whorl, the character of the
septa, and the surface of the shell remind one strongly of Hauerites Mojsis-
ovies, of the Upper Trias, but Schuchertites is much too complex to have
been the ancestor of that genus; it is probably only a case of parallelism,
in accelerated development from a kindred stock.

«tudes sur les Goniatites, p. 70.

1

MON XLII—O2

5O CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

No Permian forms are known that could have developed out of this
genus, so probably it is the end of a series which itself is at present unknown,
for Pronorites could not have been the ancestor, and this is the only involute
discoidal member of the Prolecanitidee known from the Carboniferous.
This genus is the most highly specialized form known in the Carboniferous,
and is as complex as any yet described from the Permian. The occurrence
of such forms suggests the great gaps that exist in our knowledge of the
Paleozoic ammonoids, and inspires the hope that eventually these gaps will
be filled out.

Occurrence.—Schuchertites is at present known only from the Upper
Coal Measures, the type of the genus, Schuchertites grahami sp. noy., beng
known from only a single locality, Graham, Tex. Named in honor of Mr.
Charles Schuchert, of the U.S. National Museum.

SCHUCHERTITES GRAHAMI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. X XI, figs. 20-22.

This species, represented by only a single imperfect specimen, U. S.
Nat. Mus. No. 27206, is laterally compressed, discoidal, involute, with flat-
tened sides, narrow umbilicus, and narrow channeled abdomen. Surface so
far as known is devoid of ribs and constrictions, but has fine curved cross
strie of growth, forming gentle undulations on the shell.

The septa are complex «nd ammouitic, divided into eight lobes and
saddles. The siphonal lobe is divided by a short angular secondary saddle;
the first five lateral lobes are undivided and digitate, and there are three
simple auxiliary lobes, uot digitate, but club-shaped. The first lateral
saddle is divided by a short rounded secondary lobe, the other lateral
saddles are undivided, and rounded at the extremities. The lobes are
sharply constricted at the upper portion, giving a club shape to the lobes
and a phylliform appearance to the saddles. The septa, instead of running
in a straight line across the sides, are arranged in a backward-pointing
curve, parallel to the strize of growth. Internal septa unknown.

Occurrence—Upper Coal Measures, Graham, Young County, Tex.,
about a thousand feet below the Permian, associated with a typical Upper
Coal Measures fauna. Collected by A. B. Gant.

PROLECANITES. ‘

Cn
a

Dimensions of the type specimen.

Millimeters.
IDV CWie Soe Ae eee Sl te mene ie Se OA a SO 27
[BIG nen Meisio lot Ac 2 cl ee te eee ot a ee ee eo 14.5
MeoniHOMmestawworumomenneprecedimos. a0). .-o2 -8=. Jose. = oe eee eee ae 9.5
WHC H iO) CH IMIS AGUNONIIL S - S435 SEG AEE eee oe ee an ogee A Ue Ny a 6
aKOTbM KOLA. 5 cos = SS eee ee ae ES SAS MOTE ee een eee eee A eee 5
AGUAVORUMMOINICUSN UDOURHEN VER cn Soo wk ee Ba Oe ee 3

The specimen was septate throughout, and must, if complete, have
reached at least twice this size.

family PROLECANITID/ s. str.

In this paper the superfamily Prolecanitidee is used in the broad sense,
as it was by Karpinsky, and is thus equivalent to Hyatt’s supertamily
Prolecanitida. he family name Prolecanitidee is applied only to the
immediate allies of Prolecanites. EK. Haug“ has recently proposed to sub-
stitute for this group the name Ibergiceratidze, based on a supposed genus
Ibergiceras Karpinsky, thought to represent the radicle of the stock, from
which Prolecanites, Puraprolecanites, and Pronorites came. But Holzapfel’
has shown that the genus Ibergiceras, (Gon. tetragonus Roemer) was based
merely on a young specimen of Pronorites cyclolobus, and came, not from
the Devonian, but from the Lower Carboniferous limestone of the [berg in
the Hartz.

Genus PRotecantrEes Mojsisovics.

The genus Prolecanites was named by Mojsisovics® to include evolute,
compressed forms, with wide umbilicus, slightly embracing whorls, and
goniatitic, lanceolate septa. The external lobe is undivided, the two or three
lateral lobes pointed and tongue-shaped. The saddles are spatulate and
rounded. he antisiphonal lobe is long and pointed, flanked by a pair of
short, rounded lobes.

As restricted by Haug,” Prolecunites is confined to the uppermost
Devonian and the Carboniferous. The type of the genus is Goniatites
mixolobus Sandberger of the Lower Carboniferous. One American species is
found in the Middle Coal Measures.

« Htudes sur les Goniatites, p. 50.

» Die Cephalopoden des Domanik im siidlichen Timan, p. 45.
¢Cephalop. der Mediterranen Triasprovinz, p. 199.

@Btudes sur les Goniatites, p. 52.

52 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Prouecantres ? compactus Meek and Worthen.
Plate V, figs. 5—7.

1865. Goniatites compactus, Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865,
p- 154.

1873. Goniatites compactus, Meek and Worthen, Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. V, p. 611,
Pl. XX XI, fie. Qa-c.

1897. Prionoceras compactum, J. P. Smith, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology,
Vol. I, No. 3, p. 118.

The systematic position of this species is somewhat doubtful; the septa
are of the Prolecanites type, while the cross section of the whorl retains the
Anarcestes shape, approaching that of Gastrioceras. It is evolute, with
broad, slightly arched whorls, wide umbilicus, and rounded umbilical
shoulder. It may be that this species should be made the type for a new
genus of the Prolecanitide, for the septa are lanceolate, consisting of a long
tongue-shaped ventral lobe, flanked by two similar laterals, while the
saddles are broadly rounded; but the writer has not seen the original, and
is of the opinion that no one has a right to found genera or species on
illustrations alone, of the accuracy of which he has no knowledge. It is
barely possible, but not at all likely, that in this case, as in that of Gonia-
tites greencastlensis, the impressions of the internal septa on the ventral of
the next inner whorl give the lanceolate character to the lobes.

Occurrence and locality—Middle Coal Measures, Menard and Macoupin
counties, Ill.

PROLECANITES GREENI Miller.
Pl. VIII, figs. 4, 5a, 5b.

1892. Goniatites greenii, S. A. Miller, Advance sheets Eighteenth Ann. Rept. Geol.
Surv. Indiana, p. 76, Pl. X, figs. 5, 6.

1894. Goniatites greenii, S. A. Miller, Eighteenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana,
p. 3380, Pl. X, figs. 5, 6.

Shell minute, discoidal, evolute, volutions more than four in number,
narrow, and little embracing. Abdomen narrow and rounded. Cross
section of the whorl elliptical. Umbilicus wide and shallow. Septa close
and lanceolate, consisting of a short, pointed, tongue-shaped ventral lobe,
flanked by two similar laterals. The saddles are rounded and club-shaped.
The shape and the septa resemble Prolecanites lyoni Meek and Worthen,

PROLECANITES.

oO
OS

but in P. greenii, the ventral lobe is broader and dart-shaped, while in
P. lyont it is simply a blunt point.
Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook, New Albany, Ind.

PROLECANITES GURLEYI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXIV, figs. 1-4.

Shell extremely evolute, laterally compressed, widely umbilicate.
Whorls low, and increasing very slowly in height, little embracing, and
scarcely indented by the inner volutions. The umbilicus is wide and shallow.
The cross section of the whorl is quadrate oval, the curve being interrupted
by the rounded abdominal shoulders. The height of the whorl is one-fourth
of the total diameter, and the breadth is slightly greater than the height.
The width of the umbilicus is one-fourth of the total diameter of the shell.
Six volutions are seen at the diameter of 16 mm.

The surface of the cast is entirely smooth, none of the outer shell being
preserved. The length of the body chamber is unknown, as the only
specimen seen is septate to the end. The septa are spatulate, the ventral
lobe is undivided and tongue-shaped; the first lateral lobe is similar, and
of the same size; the second lateral is two-thirds of the length of the first,
and similar in shape. There is a short auxiliary lobe on the umbilical slope.

This species is most nearly related to Prolecanites greenii Miller, but
differs from it in the greater evolution, wider umbilicus, less compressed
whorls, and slower increase in size.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Cedar Gap,
Wright County, Mo. The type specimen, No. 8600, paleontologic collec-
tion, Walker Museum, University of Chicago, was loaned to the writer by
Dr. Stuart Weller. The specific name is given in honor of Prof. W. F. E.
Gurley.

PROLECANITES HOUGHTONI Winchell.
1862. Goniatites houghtoni, A. Winchett, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 363.

Shell discoidal, evolute; whorls but slightly embracing, with flattened
venters and sides, and cross section elongate-oval. Umbilicus wide and
shallow. Surface smooth. Septa lanceolate, with pointed tongue-shaped
lobes and rounded saddles; an undivided ventral lobe, two principal and
an auxiliary lateral lobe.

54 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA,

This species differs (according to Winchell) from P. /yont in the greater
relative length of the second lateral lobe and the auxiliary saddle, and also
in the greater compression of the cross section of the whorl; from P. henslowi
Sowerby in the more acute lateral lobes and greater length of the saddles.

Occurrence.-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Marshall, Mich.

PROLECANITES ? LOUISTANENSIS Rowley.
Pl. VI, figs. 6-8.

1895. Goniatites louisianensis, R. R. Rowley, Am. Geologist, Vol. XVI, p. 221,
Pl. XXXI, figs. 15-18.

This minute species is of somewhat doubtful systematic position. — It
is hardly possible to determine it from Rowley’s figures, but the writer is
indebted to Dr. Stuart Weller, of the University of Chicago, for the loan
of several well-preserved specimens from the Gurley collection. On these
the lanceolate type of lobes can be clearly seen, resembling the young
stages of Pronorites cyclolobus, the so-called ‘‘ Tbergiceras” stage.

The whorls are evolute, depressed, little embracing. The shell has
one or two constrictions to a revolution. The general shape reminds one
strongly of Anarcestes, but the septa show that the transition to the stock
of the Prolecanitidee has already been made. The ventral lobe is long,
tongue-shaped, and undivided: the lateral lobe is lanceolate, and the
second lateral or auxiliary lobe is shallow, broad, and lies just outside of
the umbilicus. The internal septa consist of a pointed antisiphonal lobe,
flanked by a pair of shallow laterals. All the saddles are rounded.

Occurrence.-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Louisiana, Mo.

The figured specimen is deposited in the paleontologic collection,
Walker Museum, University of Chicago (Gurley collection).

Prouecanires Ltyont Meek and Worthen.
PIAX VI, fey Tee xX, fies, oar

1860. Goniatites lyond, Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860, p. 471.

1860. Goniatites hyas, J. Hall, Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 102,
figs. 17, 18.

1866. Goniatetes lyoni, Meek and Worthen, Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. I, p. 165,
Pl. XIV, figs. 11a-c.

PROLECANITES. ay)

1879. Gonidatites lyoni, em cle Pals Nomen VolesVeeltelike p- 476, Pt Sexonre fic. 12;
Pl. LX XIII, figs. 9-11; Pl, LX XIV, fig. 7.

1882. Prolecanites lyon’, E. von Mojsisovies, Cephalop. Mediterranen Triasprovinz,
p. 199.

1888. Goniatites lyoni, C. li. Herrick, Bull. Denison Univ., Vol. IV, Pl. VI, fig. 2.

1895. Goniatites lyond, C. L. Herrick, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. VII, Pl. XVIII, fig. 2.

1899. Prolecanites lyon?, F. Frech, Die Steinkohlenformation, Pl. XLVI, A, fig. 11.

1901. Prolecanites lyon, F. Frech, Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 64, fig. 21 e.

Shell discoidal, compressed, evolute; whorls but little embracing, only
about one-fifth of the inner volutions being covered by the outer ones.
Whorls six or more in number, the inner ones being semielliptical in cross
section and the outer ones trapezoidal, with flattened sides and abdomen
and rounded shoulders. Breadth of the whorl is two-thirds of the height.
The whorls enlarge very slowly, giving a large number of whorls for a
small diameter.

Length of body chamber unknown, but fragments indicate that speci-
mens have attained a diameter of 80 or 90 mm., exclusive of body chamber.

Surface ef the shell unknown, but the cast is smooth and devoid of
constrictions and all other surface ornamentation.

Septa lanceolate, with pointed and slightly mucronate lobes and rounded
saddles. Ventral lobe undivided and shorter than the laterals, which are
two in number; the dorsal (internal) lobes consist of an undivided tongue-
shaped antisiphonal, with a short, blunt lobe on the umbilical margin. The
total number of lobes is therefore one pair less than on most species
of Prolecanites, but this difference has not been considered by any writers
to be of generic value, since so many otherwise typical species of Proleca-
nites possess this number of lobes, and several even have one more pair
than the normal.

Occurrence.—Prolecanites lyoni oceurs in the Lower Carboniferous,
Kinderhook stage, at Rockford, Ind., along with Aganides rotatorius de
Koninck, Muensteroceras owent Hall, M. parallelum Hall, Prodromites prema-
turus Smith and Weller, and P. gorbyi Miller. It has also been found in the

same horizon in the Waverly group of Granville, Ohio.

PROLECANITES MARSHALLENSIS Winchell.

G

1862. Goniatites marshallensis, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 362.

1865. Goniatites marshallensis, A. Winchell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 133.

1870. Goniatites marshallensis, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soe., Vol. XI, p. 258.

56 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Shell evolute, discoidal, little embracing; cross section elliptical;
impression moderate. Whorls at least four in number, with slow increase
of growth. Umbilicus wide. Surface smooth. Length of body chamber
unknown.

Septa lanceolate and close together. Ventral lobe long, pointed, and
narrow; first and second lateral lobes not so large as the ventral and not
sharply terminated. Auxiliary lobe outside of the umbilical border short
and blunt. Antisiphonal lobe deep.

The nearest American species is P. lyoni Meek and Worthen, from
which P. marshallensis differs in the additional pair of lobes outside of the
umbilical border and in the greater length of the ventral lobe. It is also
somewhat more involute than P. lyoni. Winchell thought this species to
be nearest akin to P. mixolobus Phillips, which was chosen by Mojsisovies
as the type of Prolecanites, but the lobes of P. mixolobus are not mucronate
but rather club-shaped, and the auxiliary lobe is nearly as large as the
principal laterals, and the ventral lobe seems to be very small.

Occurrence.-—P. marshallensis was found in the Lower Carboniferous
Kinderhook stage, Marshall group, at Marshall, Moscow, Battle Creek,
Napoleon Cut, Mich., and in the Waverly group at Weymouth and Newark,

Ohio.
Superfamily GLY PHIOCHRATID 4.

This group was established by Hyatt” to include a number of species
from the Upper Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The oldest
genera are Aganides (Brancoceras) and Prionoceras, which began in the
Upper Devonian and attained their acme in the Lower Carboniferous.
Both genera are smooth-shelled, and both have a pointed, undivided,
ventral lobe and two pairs of lateral lobes, of which the first is angular;
the saddles of most species of both genera are broadly rounded, although
on Prionoceras (Goniatites) belvalianum de Woninck the first lateral saddles
are angular. The only difference between the two genera is that Ayanides
is compressed, high-whorled, almost discoidal, and very involute; while
Prionoceras is broad, low-whorled, and evolute. Hyatt considered Bran-
coceras as the radicle of the Glyphioceratidee, and traced the group from
Anarcestes ot the Lower Devonian, through Tornoceras (Parodoceras) of the

«@ Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. X XII, p. 322.

GLYPHIOCERATID®. on,

Middle Devonian. He admitted the near relationship between the two
genera, but considered Prionoceras as the link between the supposed radicle
Brancoceras and Glyphioceras. ‘The genealogy of the Glyphioceratide,
according to Hyatt, is as follows:
lee moceras—+-Glyphioceras.
Anarcestes—-Tornoceras+ Brancoceras ; Muensteroceras—-Gastrioceras + Paralegoceras.
es A

Prof. IKK. A. von Zittel” has recently merged Prionoceras in Brancoceras,
not even giving subgeneric rank tothe former. But even though they may
be nearly related, their phylogeny justifies the separation. Both genera
probably branched off about the same time from Parodoceras or from
Sporadoceras in the Upper Devonian, but Aganides (Brancoceras) is not the
radicle, at least of the main branch of the Glyphioceratide. While it is
possible, although not known, that Muensteroceras may go through a Bran-
coceras stage, Prionoceras does not, neither does Glyphioceras, nor Goniatites
s. str. Prionoceras seems to have come directly from Parodoceras, and in
tur gave rise to Glyphioceras. It seems likely, too, that some species of
Grastrioceras descended directly from Prionoceras by division of the ventral
lobe, while others may have come from Glyphioceras. In any case, whether
it came off from the radicle, or through Glyphioceras, Gastrioceras is a later
branch than Glyphioceras, having its maximum in the Upper Coal Measures;
it therefore deserves to rank as an independent genus. It also seems proper
to retain, Prionoceras?, Aganides (Brancoceras), and Muensteroceras, with full
generic rank.

Frech’ derives the Glyphioceratidee from Sporadoceras, but this
hypothesis is not in harmony with the ontogeny of Goniatites and Glyphio-
ceras. However, too little is known of the development of these forms to
warrant any positive statement.

Some members, at least, of this group are prosiphonate, and deserve

the designation ‘

ammonite” as much as Lobites of the Trias, for simplicity
of the septa is no longer considered as a distinctive mark of the goniatites.

Hyatt considered the Glyphioceratidee as a family, but K. Haug’ is of
the opinion that it is rather a group of morphological equivalents than a

genetic series. Haug even places Aganides and its descendants in a different

“Grundziige der Paleont., p. 398. b Ueber deyonische Ammoneen, p. 84.
¢ Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 39.

08 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

phylum or superfamily, and derives them from a different Devonian genus,
Tornoceras. his seems to the writer to be going further than the facts
warrant. But it is beyond doubt that the Gly phioceratidee, as Hyatt used
the term, can be divided into two series. The writer prefers to retain the
two under the same phylum or superfamily, Glyphioceratidee, and to
name each of the component series or families after the most characteristic
genus.

Under the Glyphioceratidze s. str. would fall Prionoceras ?, Pericyclus,
Glyphioceras, Goniatites, Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras, Schistoceras.

Under the Aganididze would fall Aganides, Muensteroceras, Goniolobo-
ceras, Dimorphoceras, Milleroceras.

From the Glyphioceratidee it appears that the Arcestide: and the Tro-
pitidee have been derived. The Ptychitidae seem to have sprung from the

Aganididee.
family GLYPHIOCERATID A: s. str.
Genus Prionoceras ? Hyatt.

This genus was established by Hyatt” to include rather evolute, low-
whorled forms, with undivided external lobes; and angular lobes and
saddles. The type chosen was Goniatites divisus Muenster of the Devonian.
Another species assigned to the genus is Goniatites belvalianus de Koninck
from the Lower Carboniferous. It is very doubtful if either species fits the
description. Certainly neither has angular saddles, and even the external
lobe of Goniatites belvalianus is divided at maturity.

As a consequence of this the genus has been either abandoned entirely
or merged by most authors with Ayanides (Brancoceras). Whether this be
correct or not, the ontogeny of later forms teaches that such a genus was
the radicle of the greater part of the Glyphioceratide. It is very doubtful
whether Prionoceras is represented in America at all, but three species are
doubtfully assigned to it. Frech” has shown that Goniatites divisus, the
type of Prionoceras, is identical with Goniatites sulcatus Muenster and
G. linearis Muenster, both listed by Hyatt as most characteristic members
of Brancoceras (Aganides). A strict ruling would thus throw this genus out
entirely, although Haug proposes to retain it on account of its supposedly

longer body chamber.

“Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 328. » Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 74.

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PRIONOCERAS. 59

PrIonocERAS ? ANDREWSI Winchell.
1870. Goniatites andrewsi, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XT, p. 259.

Shell subglobose, evolute; whorls broader than high, low-arched,
helmet-shaped, greatest width close to umbilical shoulder. Umbilicus
deep and wide, umbilical shoulders abrupt and bearing faint ribs. Surface
ornamented with four constrictions to a revolution.

Septa consisting of a long, undivided, tongue-shaped, pointed ventral
lobe, a similar but shorter and broader lateral lobe, a rather narrow club-
shaped external saddle, and a broad oblique lateral.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Lower Waverly

group, Newark, Ohio.
PRIONOCERAS? BROWNENSE Miller.
Pl. VY, figs. 1 and 2.

1891. Goniatites brownensis, S. A. Miller, Advance sheets Seventeenth Ann. Rept.
Geol. Sury. Indiana, p. 90, Pl. XVIII, figs. 3, 4.

1892. Goniatites brownensis, S. A. Miller, Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv.
Indiana, p. 700, Pl. XVIII, figs. 3, 4.

Shell globose, evolute, broadly rounded on the venter, and rather
deeply embracing the outer whorls, covering about three-fifths of the inner
ones. Umbilicus rather wide, being about two-fifths of the total diameter
of the shell, and exposing all the inner whorls. Surface of the shell
apparently smooth.

Septa not distinctly made out, but consisting of a pointed ventral lobe,
with a pair of angular laterals, and probably also with a pair of auxiliary
lobes on the umbilical shoulders. The dorsal lobes correspond to the

external, as well as could be seen on the broken face of the whorl.

Occurrence.-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Knobstone

eroup, Brown County, Ind.
PRIONOCERAS? OHIOENSE Winchell.

1870. Goniatites ohioensis, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 259.
Shell subglobose, umbilicated; whorl depressed, helmet-shaped, abdo-
men broadly arched, sides sloping steeply to the abrupt umbilicus, which
has diameter of more than one-half of the diameter of the shell.
Septa consisting of a slender ventral lobe with rounded end, a first

60 ‘\ARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

lateral lobe, twice as long as the ventral, clavate and pointed, and a short
triangular auxiliary lobe on the umbilical shoulder. The external saddle
is long and broadly rounded, the lateral saddle is narrower and shorter.

This species is said to be most nearly related to “ Gonzatites” allei Win-
chell, but differs in its shorter and rounded ventral lobe, its longer lateral,
and in possessing the auxiliary lobe; also its sides are less convex, and the
umbilicus less abrupt than in G. alle.

Occurrence-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Lower Waverly
eroup, Newark, Ohio.

Genus PrertcycLus Mojsisovies.

Goniatites princeps de Koninck was chosen by E. von Mojsisovies as
the type of the genus Pericyclus, characterized by its angular lobes, spatu-
late saddles, and coarse ribs crossing the abdomen. Hyatt included this
under bis family Glyphioceratide, on account of a supposed transition from
Brancoceras to Pericyclus. In a later paper Hyatt’ places Pericyclus in a
new family, Pericyclidee, supposed to differ from the Glyphioceratide in
the possession of two internal lateral lobes instead of one on each side.
This was based on Haug’s mistaken copy of the septa of Pericyclus kochi
Holzapfel,’ in which there seem to be two internal laterals. A figure of the
septa of this species is given by Holzapfel,“ showing but one internal lat-
eral lobe on each side. There can, therefore, be no reason for separating
this genus from the Glyphioceratidee.

PericycLtus BLAIRI Miller and Gurley.
Pile RV ties. 4.5.
1896. Goniatites blairi, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 35, Pl. IV, figs. 4, 5.

Shell discoidal, moderately evolute, becoming more so with age;
whorls compressed, with rounded venter and flattened sides, with subangu-
jar umbilical shoulders. Umbilicus narrow in youth, but widening rapidly

with age as the spiral opens out, on account of the fact that the whorl
increases very slowly in height. Height of whorl slightly greater than its

Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 330.
Cephalopoda, p. 551, in Eastman’s Transl. Zittel’s Elements of Paleeontology, 1900.
¢ Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 27, fig. 6e.

@Pal. Abhandl., Vol. V, Pl. III, fig. 6.

PERICYCLUS. 61

greatest breadth, which is just above the umbilical shoulders. The surface
is ornamented by rounded furrows and angular ridges that curve from the
umbilicus gently backward toward the periphery, and then on the abdomen
bend sharply backward in a sinus. ‘This ornamentation is characteristic of
Pericyclus, to which genus the species is assigned, although the septa have
not been seen. It is more evolute and less robust than P. princeps, but is
more nearly related to that than to any other known species. The strong
transverse ribs crossing the abdomen without interruption are not known
on any other genus of goniatites, and much reliance is placed in this char-
acter, even in the absence of knowledge of the septa.
Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Sedalia, Mo.

Prricycius ? princeps de JXoninck.

1843. Goniatites princeps, L. G. de Koninck, in d’Omalius, Précis élém. géol., p. 515.
1842-1844. Ammonites princeps, L. G. de Koninck, Desecr. anim. foss., p. 579, Pl.
ET higs) 253:

1850. Aganides princeps, A. @Orbigny, Prod, de paléont. stratigr., Vol. I, p. 116.

852. Ammonites princeps, C. G. Giebel, Fauna der Vorwelt, Vol. III, p. 644.

1880. Goniatites princeps, L. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique,
Vol. I, p. 268, Pl. XLIX, figs. 1, 2.

1882. Pericyclus princeps, E. von Mojsisovies, Cephalop. Mediterranen Trias-
proving, p. 141.

1884. Pericyclus princeps, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 330.

1888. Goniatites princeps, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. 1, Paleozoic, p. 312.

1890. Glyphioceras princeps, Steinmann and Déderlein, Elemente der Paliont., p. 393.

1897. Pericyclus princeps, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss, Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. ITI,
p. 145, figs. 68a and b.

J. J. Bigsby * cites Goniatites princeps from the Goniatite limestone of
Rockford, Ind., but no American collection is known to have an authentic
specimen of this, nor is it cited in any list of American species. In the
paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, University of Chicago, is a
specimen wrongly labeled ‘“ Goniatites princeps,” and this may have been
the cause of the mistaken reference. Bigsby’s citation is, therefore, prob-
ably a mistake. But it is by no means improbable that P. princeps may
be found in the Kinderhook of America, since P. blairi, a closely related
form, shows that the genus Pericyclus is represented in America, and since
the rest of the Kinderhook fauna so closely resembles that of Ireland and
Belgium.

«Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 336.

62 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Genus GuiypHioceras Hyatt (emend. Haug).

In establishing his genus Glyphioceras Hyatt took for the type
Goniatiles sphericus Martin, already chosen by de Haan as the type of
Goniatites, so that the group of G. sphericus and G. striatus can not prop-
erly come under this genus. But Hyatt divided his genus into two divi-
sions, the second of which is characterized by open umbilici, less involution,
broader and lower whorls, semilunular or trapezoidal cross section, fine
lateral or umbilical ribs. Of the species mentioned by Hyatt under this
section Goniatites diadema Goldtuss is the best known. E. Haug” has
accordingly proposed to retain Hyatt’s name for this section, and has selected
G.diadema as the type, although the first species mentioned by Hyatt is
G. obtusus Phillips, which belongs to the group of G. striatus.

This division seems quite satisfactory from the stratigraphic stand-
point, for Goniatites s. str.is almost confined to the Visé horizon of the
Lower Carboniferous, while Glyphioceras as thus restricted is more common
in the Lower Coal Measures.

GLYPHIOCERAS CALYX Phillips.
Pl. XVIII.
1836. Goniatites calyx, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. I, p. 236, Pl. XX, figs.
22, 23.
1836. Gondatites mutabil.. (pars), J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. IH, p. 236, PI.
XX, figs. 24, 25 (not 26).
1852. Ammonites vesica (pars), C. G. Giebel, Fauna der Vorwelt, Vol. II, p. 470.
1880. Goniatites calyx, Li. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique, Vol. I,
jos 2Xots Lely IDE sates als}.
1884. Homoceras calyx, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 330.
1888. (Goniatites calyx, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. I, Palzeozoic, p. 311.
1889. Glyphioceras mutabile (pars), E. Holzapfel, Pal. Abhandl., Vol. V, p. 30.
1897. Glyphioceras calyx, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. II,
p. 206.
1898. Glyphioceras calyx, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 101.

This species was selected by Hyatt as the type of a new genus
Homoceras, but its characters are common to the young of all members of
Glyphioceras when they have just made the transition from the Prionoceras
stage of growth. Holzapfel thought this was the young of G.mutabile Phillips,
as, indeed, it may be, but the connection has not yet been demonstrated.

The shell is much smaller than is usual with the Glyphioceratidze, not

« Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 26.

GLY PHIOCERAS. 63

reaching a greater diameter than 6 mm.; it is evolute, has wide open
umbilicus, low flattened whorls with trapezoidal cross section, faint umbili-
cal ribs which reach almost to the abdomen. There are about three rather
faint constrictions to a revolution. The surface is ornamented only with
fine smooth cross strie. The septa are like those figured by de Koninck;
the differentiation into two external lobes has not taken place, as in the rest
of the section Glyphioceras, but it is indicated by the incipient ventral
saddle. These are certainly persistent larval characters, and the so-called
species inay be merely a case of arrested development such as is seen in the
young of Glyphioceras diadema, but whether it is really the young of some
other species, or whether it is a separate form, can hardly be determined as
yet. At any rate the adult of Glyphioceras mutabile has not been found in
America, and the American form can hardly be the young of that species.
Nor in the beds where it occurred have any other species with similar young
been found; in fact no other species of Glyphioceras has been found there at
all. To the writer it seems quite possible that G. calyx is only the male of
some species of the group of Goniatites striatus, since in England, Belgium,
and America it is associated with this group, and more especially because
the young stages are exactly alike in these. A demonstration of this is at
present impossible, for we know nothing of sexual variations in the
ammonoids.

Occurrence.—The specimens figured here are deposited in the geologic
collection of Leland Stanford Junior University, California, and were found
in the Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Fayetteville shale,
at Moorefield, Ark., associated with Goniatites crenistria Phillips, and many
other species of invertebrates characteristic of this horizon. In Europe the
species is found in the Visé horizon, in England, Belgium, and Germany.

? GQLYPHIOCERAS DIADEMA Goldfuss.

Pl. XU, fig. 10.

1837. Ammonites diadema (Goldfuss), H. E. Beyrich, De Goniatitis, p. 15, Pl. I,
figs. 8-10.
1837. Ammonites lister?, H. E. Beyrich, Beitr. z. Kennt. Rhein. Uebergangsgeb.,
p. 14, Pl. II, figs. 6a—b, and 11.
1842-44. Ammonites diadema, Li. G. de Koninck, Deser. anim. foss., p. 574, Pl. L,
firs. la-f, 2a—b.
1845. Goniatites diadema, Murchison, Verneuil and Keyserling, Géol. Russie

d'Europe, ete., Vol. Il, p. 367, Pl. X XVII, figs. 1a-d.

64 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA,

1851. Goniatites diadema, G. Sandberger, Jahrbuch. Nassau Ver. Nat., Vol. VII,
2 and 3, p. 304, Pl. III, tig. 33.

1855. Aganides diadema, F. McCoy, Brit. Pal. Fossils, p. 563.

21863. Goniatites diadema, ¥. Roemer, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Vol. XV,
Pubtewel eens, 1.0, 0.90

1880. Goniatites diadema, W. Branco, Paleontographica, Vol. XX VII, Pl. LV, fig. 1.

1884. Glyphioceras diadema, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 329.

1888. Ammonites diadema, EK. Beyrich, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Vol.
XXXVI, p. 213.

1888. Goniatites diadema, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. I, Paleozoic, p. 311.

1889. Gastrioceras diadema, E. Holzapfel, Pal. Abhandl., Vol. V, Pt. I, p. 26.

1897. Glyphioceras diadema, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. I,
p. 202, fig. 98.

1898. Glyphioceras striolatum (pars), E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 92.

In England, Belgium, and Germany this species is characteristic of
the Lower Coal Measures; in Arctic America it has been found on Berg
Island,” brought in by the Nares expedition.

It is quite likely that Phillips’s name, G. striolatum, will take precedence
over G. diadema, which Goldfuss left in manuscript, and which Beyrich
afterwards published.

A similar species has been described by F. Roemer’ under the name
Goniatites listeri Martin, from Carboniferous limestone of Sumatra, although
this latter may be Goniatites beyrichianum de Koninck. At any rate this
type of Glyphioceras is widespread, characteristic of Lower Coal Measures,
and may be chosen as a zone fossil. It has not yet been found within the
United States, but may well be expected there on account of general

similarity of faunas of this horizon.

(GLYPHIOCERAS ? HATHAWAYANUM McChesney.

1860. Goniatites hathawayana, J. H. McChesney, Descr. New Pal. Foss., p. 66.

1865. Goniatites hathawayana, J. H. McChesney, Ulustrations of new sp. Pal. Foss. ,
Pl. III, fig. 3.

1868. Goniatites hathawayanus, J. H. McChesney, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1,
job Oey, JEL JOU, savernse

The following description is quoted from MeChesney’s last paper:

Shell moderately small, discoidal, much compressed. Volutions two to three,
strongly embracing, and concealing about two-thirds of the inner volutions; umbili-
cus comparatively wide and shallow. Dorsum [venter] extremely narrow, having a
linear depression along its center; sides of the volutions very slightly and regularly

«¥oord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. III, p. 205.
» Paleeontographica, Vol. XX VII, Pl. III, fig. 6.

GLY PHIOCERAS. 65

convex to the slope into the umbilicus, which is more sharply curved. Aperture
very narrow and much elongated. Septa on the sides of the volutions strongly sig-
moidal, with the curves or lobes which stand back toward the apex much more
sharply turned than those pointing in the opposite direction. Outer shell entirely
wanting in the specimen.

MecChesney’s drawing and description do not permit a certain deter-
mination as to whether this species is a Glyphioceras or a Gastrioceras.

Occurrence. —Middle Coal Measures, Lasalle, Il.

GLYPHIOCERAS ? LEVICULUM Miller and Faber.
PO VanIS fies. 10% 1 1.
1892. Goniatites leviculus, Miller and Faber, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol.
IW, jos Ue ab WA siess alkovabe

Shell discoidal, whorl highly arched with gently rounded sides and
highly arched narrow abdomen. Umbilical shoulders abrupt. Whorls
deeply embracing, the outer whorl being indented to about one-third of its
height by the next inner volution. Width of whorl is more than three-
fourths of its height. Umbilicus wide and deep, width is one-third of the
total diameter. On the inner whorls the umbilicus is proportionally nar-
rower, and the breadth of the whorl greater than its height.

Surface of shell smooth, no constrictions or ribs having been seen,
Specimens septate throughout, thus the body chamber and aperture are
unknown.

Septa close together and sinuous, as is usual in the Glyphioceratidee.
The ventral lobe is divided by a small pointed siphonal saddle; the lateral
lobe is funnel-shaped and pointed; the external and the lateral saddles are
broadly rounded. There are three internal lobes as in all typical Glyphio-
ceratidee, but their shape could not be ascertained.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard, Ky.
The type is deposited in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum,
University of Chicago.

GuyPHiocErRas pyemM&uM Winchell.
1862. Goniatites pygmeus, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 366.

Shell globose, involute, umbilicus small. Whorl broad, depressed,
breadth equal to one-half of the total diameter. Surface with four constric-
tions to a revolution.

a)

MON XLII—()2

66 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Septa consisting of a broad, obtusely rounded ventral lobe, with a
very small siphonal indentation; lateral lobe shallow, acute, funnel-shaped;
ventral and lateral saddles broad, shallow, with circular ends.

Winchell compares this species with Glyphioceras striolatum Phillips,
from which it differs in the smaller umbilicus, larger ventral lobe, and
ventral saddles. The description, however, would make it appear that this
species in nearer to Glyphioceras mutabile Phillips.

Occurrence—Supposed to have come from the Lower Carboniferous (?),
Kinderhook stage, Marshall group, Battle Creek (?), Mich.

Genus GonraTites de Haan.

When Hyatt undertook a revision of the goniatites in his Genera of
Fossil Cephalopods he did not include Goniatites itself in his list, but
included the type of all this stock in his new genus Glyphioceras. Many
years before this de Haan“ had described and figured the genus Goniatites,
using G. sphericus Martin as the type; in so doing, he complied with all
the laws of nomenclature, and no genus stands on a firmer basis than this.
Therefore when it has been found that de Haan included under this name
many species of diverse orgin, it is quite proper to give separate generic —
titles to these; but the type of the original genus can not receive any new
name, and must always stand for the original species and all like it.

Hyatt” first mentions Goniatites sphericus under the description Glyphi-
oceras, and therefore this species is to be regarded as the type of the genus,
rather than G. crenistria, which authors usually cite as the type. Hyatt
divides the genus Glyphioceras into two sections:

I. Involute globese shells, incliding such forms as Goniatites sphericus
Martin, G. crenistria Phillips, and G. striatus Sowerby.

II. Forms with compressed whorls, and open umbilici, including Gonia-
tites obtusus Phillips as type of the section, G. diadema Goldfuss, G. platylobus
Phillips, G. barbotanus M. V. K., and others. Of this second section, G.
diadema can not be included in the same genus with G. sphericus, and either
a new name will have to be given it or else Hyatt’s name will have to be
restricted to this section. E. Haug’ proposes to restrict the name Goniatites

«Mon. Ammon. et Gon., 1825, p. 159.
> Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 328.
¢ Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 26.

GONIATITES. 67

to species of the type of G. sphericus, G. crenistria, and G. striatus; and to
restrict Glyphioceras to the type of G. diadema.

As thus restricted, Goniatites is almost entirely confined to the Lower
Carboniferous zone of Goniatites striatus, and is thus of great importance in
stratigraphic paleontology. It has been shown by researches in the ontog-
eny of Goniatites crenistria® and Glyphioceras diadema’ that these two genera
have a common origin in Prionoceras, which is considered by most paleon-
tologists as a synonym of Brancoceras Hyatt, or Aganides de Montfort.

F. Frech* thinks that Goniatites s. str. was derived from Sporadoceras;
and certainly S. mammilliferum Sandberger and S. subinvolutwm Muenster,
as figured by Frech, do resemble closely what the writer has described as
the Prionoceras stage of growth in Goniatites. It is, however, by no means
certain that these species should be assigned to Sporadoceras, as Hyatt took
Goniatites mammillifer as the type of his genus Dimeroceras, and regarded
it as transitional from Brancoceras to Pericyclus. But if these species should
be accepted as genuine members of Sporadoceras, the writer agrees with
Frech in regarding this genus as the ancestral stock of the Glyphiocera-
tidee s. str.

GONIATITES CHOCTAWENSIS Shumard.
1868. Goniatites choctawensis, B. F. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., Vol. I,
p- 109.
The following description is quoted from Shumard’s paper:

Shell discoidal, broadly and strongly rounded on the dorsum [abdomen] and
flattened laterally, inner volutions entirely concealed by the outer one; umbilicus
small, its diameter scarcely equal to one-sixth the breadth of the volution; transverse
diameter of volution about equal to the breadth from dorsal to ventral side;
aperture lunate, much wider than high; surface marked with fine distinet revolving
lines, less than the width of the intervals between, crossed by extremely fine,
crowded, transverse strive. Sept having but one lateral lobe on either side; dorsal
[ventral] lobe as wide as long, divided into two lanceolate branches by an accessory
saddle, which is truncated and bifid at tip and extends almost to the middle of
the lobe; dorsal [ventral] saddle of the same form, but wider and double the length
of the branches of the dorsal [ventral] lobe; superior lateral lobe wider than the
dorsal [ventral] saddle, and contracted at extremity to an acute point.

This shell resembles the G@. striatus (Sowerby) both in the form and number of
the lobes of the sept and its surface markings, and for several years I have had

«J. P. Smith, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology, Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 105, 128.
>W. Branco, Palzeontographica, Vol. XX VII, Pl. IV, figs. 1 a-o.
¢ Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 84.

68 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

it in my cabinet under the latter name. A closer examination, however, shows
points of difference which appear to me to be of specific value. The strie of our
shell are finer and more crowded; the dorsum [abdomen] is more broadly rounded,
and the umbilicus is proportionally smaller.

This description shows the species to belong to the group of G. striatus,
and the differences noted are precisely those characteristic of G. crenistria,
which has been found in both Arkansas and Texas, and of which Goniatites
choctawensis may turn out to be a synonym.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage (?), Bend
formation, Choctaw Nation (?), Ind. 'T.

GONIATITES CRENISTRIA Phillips.
PL UX, fies: 12-16; PIX; Pl XV; Ed XV, fies, la; Pl XV fies: 1-5:
1836. Goniatites crenistria, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. I], p. 234, Pl. XIX,

figs. 7-9.
1841. Goniatites crenistria, J. Phillips, Pal. Foss. Cornwall, Devon, and W. Somerset,
p. 121, Pl. L, figs. 234a—-s.
1843. Goniatites crenistria, F. A. Roemer, Verstein. Harzgeb., p. 33, Pl. IX,
figs. 10a—b.
1850. Goniatites crenistria, F. A. Roemer, Palzeontographica, Vol. ill, p. 51, Pl. VIII,
fios. 13a-c.
1852. Goniatites crenistria, F. A. Roemer, Paleontographica, Vol. II, p. 93, Pl.
XIII, figs. 29a-c.
1852. Aganides sphericus var. crenistria, F. McCoy, Brit. Pal. Fossils, p. 567.
1870. Goniatites sphericus (not Martin), F. Roemer, Geol. Oberschlesien, p. 55,
Pl. V1, figs. 2a=b.
1880. Goniatites striatus (pars), L. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique,
Vol. I, p. 253.
1882. Goniatites crenistria, C. Barrois, Mém. Soc. Géol. du Nord, Vol. II, No. 1, p.
292, Pl. XIV, fig. 1.
1884. Glyphioceras crenistria, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 329.
1893. Glyphioceras incisum, A. Hyatt, Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, p. 471,
Pl. XLVII, figs. 44-48.
1897. Glyphioceras crenistria, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus.,
Pty Lip: W60s ties 76:
1897. Glyphioceras incisum, J. P. Smith, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology,
Volk IeNow3ss p- Lil, Pls; exci Sxevi:
1898. Goniatites crenistria, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 27.
1898. Glyphioceras crenistria, G. C. Crick, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., 2d series, Vol.
VII, Pt. IV, p. 106, Pl. XX, figs. 15-18.

This species has been united by many paleontologists with Goncatites
sphericus and by still others with G. striatus, and in fact all three species

GONIATITES. 69

have so much in common that it is very hard to distinguish them; it is
quite possible that they are only varieties of G. sphericus.

The form is globose, broad, low-whorled, with semilunular cross section.
The umbilicus is very narrow, about one-tenth of the diameter of the shell,
so that the inner coils are concealed. There are four or five constrictions
to a revolution, visible both on the shell and the cast. The whorl is
exceedingly involute, each whorl being indented to about three-fifths of its
height by the preceding. The shell is marked with distinct cross strize with
fine, sharp crenulations, which show only toward maturity. The elevations
between the pits of the crenulations become in the adult indistinct spiral
striations, giving a finely reticulate aspect to the surface. These are not
visible on the cast. In the adult stage the cross striz bundle near the
umbilicus, forming weak incipient nodes.

From G. sphericus this species is distinguished by being more com-
pressed laterally, less globose, having narrower umbilicus, weaker spiral
striz, and coarser cross strie. From G. striatus this species may be distin-
guished chiefly by its slightly narrower umbilicus, its finer spiral strive, and
coarser cross strize. The table below, compiled from Foord and Crick’s
catalogue, shows the principal differences and agreements between the
three species:

G. crenistria. ' G. striatus. G. sphericus.
Breadth in proportion to diameter ..| B=? D_...-.-.---- B— De waste eeee B— 21)
Height of whorl to width. ...-....-- A little wider than | Wider than high.--.| 2 W.
high. |
Height of whorl to diameter----.---- A little over $ D~ Ee | SVD ie emaine cacirsiee es 4D.
Width of umbilicus to diameter----- Wis Das ah eta Wis Bp aseeeeeaas U—= 2D;
Indentation of last whorl by preced- | Indented more | Nearly #.---.-.----- More than 34.
ing. than 4. |
Constrictions to revolution. ...-.---- | (4 in American | 4 to 5feeble....---- 4 or more faint.

specimens. )

Septa to revolution....-....---.---- LOT 20 eee ea ain a 20 Boece <n sata | 18.
SITrelrStrlisee. eee a ae sees sete (Fine in American | Strong and sharp.-.-| Very fine.
specimens. ) |
(Cross striae. Gaon cecsteeee sees Finely crenulated_.| Sharply incised, | Obscure.
| sinuous.

Not enough specimens have been studied to show that these characters
are really constant; that they are not constant is shown by the fact that

70 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

McCoy grouped all three under G. sphericus, and de Koninck united G.
crenistria with G. striatus.

Occurrence.—Goniatites crenistria is common in the upper part of the
Lower Carboniferous in Great Britain, Belgium, and Germany. It has
been deseribed under the name of Glyphioceras incisum Hyatt from the St.
Louis—Chester stage, of Texas (see Pl. X, figs. 12-16) and Arkansas,
associated with Goniatites striatus (=Glyphioceras cumminsi Hyatt (in the
Bend formation of Texas, and the Spring Creek limestone, so-called
Fayetteville shale, of Arkansas.

The specimens figured on Pl. XIV; Pl. XV; Pl. XVI, figs. la-j; and
Pl. XXVI, figs. 1-3, came from Moorefield, Arkansas, from calcareous
nodules in shales. They were associated with an undoubted St. Louis
fauna. The specimen figured on Pl. XXVI, fig. 5, came from the same
formation, near Boles, Ark.

On account of the great interest and importance of this species, there
is given below the complete ontogeny of the American Goniatites crenistria
Phillips, var. incisa Hyatt, based on specimens from the St. Louis stage of
Moorefield, Ark., associated with. an undoubted St. Louis fauna. The
development of this species was first published by the writer in a paper in
the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,* from which
paper the following description with some modifications is taken:

LARVAL STAGES.

In order to obtain the larval stages of Gondatites crenistria, a number of adults
were selected, so as to make sure of the identity, and the outer coils were broken oft
until the desired size was obtained. This necessitated the destruction of several
specimens, but was well worth while in view of reliability of the results. The
specimens were studied in three different mountings, dry on cardboard, in a drop of
water on cardboard, and in water in a watch glass over a strong condensing lens. In
the first way the surface markings are seen best, in the second the sutures and form,
in the third the internal structure when the specimen is translucent. The nomencla-
ture used is that of Hyatt, published in Phylogeny of an Acquired Characteristic.

Phylembryonic.—The protoconch represents the first shell secreted by the shell
gland, and must have been formed while the animal was in the egg. It is quite
possible that some of the chambers were formed before the egg was hatched, but
this can not be determined on fossils. The protoconch is taken for convenience to
represent the phylembryonic stage of growth, the end of the embryonic, when the
class or phylum can be determined and the animal is already a cephalopod. In shape

«Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., 3d series, Ger logy, Vol. Ie No. 3:

GONIATITES. fal

the protoconch is a smooth, rather elongate, bobbin-shaped, oval body, of which the
upper part projects forward in a lap, where the first chamber was joined to it. The
protoconch was not the whole of the embryo chamber, for a part of the spiral tube
must have furnished a lodging for the embryo; but after the formation of the first
air chamber it is no longer possible to determine how long the primitive body cham-
ber was. The protoconch corresponds to the primitive nautilian shell from which
the ammonoids descended, but the parallelism is not exact, for the initial chamber of
the nautiloids is not calcareous, while acceleration of development has pushed back
to the embryo the calcareous shell of the ammonoids.

In the protoconch is seen the beginning of the syphon, or syphonal cecum, a
pear-shaped knob, projecting a short distance into the embryonic shell. It must
have been present in the embryo, for it is older than the first suture, but its fune-
tion is unknown. In some specimens what seemed to be a tube could be seen
attached to the cecum; this is probably the prosiphon described hy Munier-Chalmas,
but no specimens sufficiently definite to figure could be obtained.

On PI. XIV, figs. 1 and 2, is shown the protoconch from which all the chambers
have been broken off.

Dimensions.
Millimeter.
IDET? 5 snc Se 6 SCN SC Ss SEE OC CES Soe Ee ee PAS SE et Soke 0. 46
Height of whorl at attachment of first chamber.............-.--..------- . 24
Weightiomnrst chamber tromiprotoconch ----=-22-4--s2-25-2---4-ee eee eee 5 ily
Witolitel Se et Be See Se: ae De eee Rn Pele Si ee aa . 66
Min VOln MO Nee ees eS ae as sea ee eines oa ck senha corte one Ua tieces -e 07

The protoconch is constant in size and dimensions, for several specimens were
obtained free from the air chambers. Also a number of others were broken back
almost to the protoconch, and the dimensions agreed, as nearly as could be determined.

On Pl. XIV, figs. 3, 4, and 5, is shown the protoconch of a Goniatites from the
Carboniferous of Scott County, Ark., 2 N., 29 W., sec. 36, near the center. This
species was compared by the writer’ to G. sphwricus Martin, and said to be identical
with the species from Moorefield. But although the adults are nearly alike, the
protoconchs are quite unlike, as may be seen by a comparison of the two figures.

Dimensions of the Scott County form.
Millimeter.

Wham etereemecc esta. tee aera aa en Oy Murs Seas et Ul. ay 0. 53
Height of whorl at attachment to the protoconch ..............---------- 26
Heightion whorl iromthemprotoconch: 222-2 -s2he-— eee eee c eee ee 18
Wildl th ee ee = oe eo ee eee OS AUN ale ly . 80
doiy Olu OMe oes oe ma ieee en ee ees se ea 08

These figures show it to be larger and proportionally broader than the typical

G. crenistria. Vf the species are identical, then this is an unusual variation.
Ananepionic.—As soon as the first air chamber is formed the animal has left
_the embryonic and begun the larval stage, and then takes rank with the chambered
nautiloids. The suture at this stage consists of a very broad ventral saddle, with
a pair of narrow, lateral lobes. On Pl. XIV, fig. 1, is shown this suture; fig. 6

«The figures here referred to are those of this monograph.
> Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV, p.11.

72 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

shows this, and also the second chamber wall; figs. 9 and 10 show the ananepionic
suture with half a coil attached. Pl. XVI, fig. 1, shows the initial suture along with
the later ones. While this stage can not be compared to any particular genus, it
corresponds to some nautilian form of the Silurian. The ananepionic siphon is about
halfway between the dorsum and the venter; in this character, too, agreeing with
the nautiloids. Where the siphon passes through the partition the wall is bent back-
yard in a cone and has a siphonal collar around the tube. The surface is still
smooth, no ornamentation of any sort ever haying been seen on early stages of
ammonoids.

Metanepionic.—With the second larval substage the shell becomes a true
ammonoid. This begins with the second suture, which takes on the ventral lobe of
the goniatites. The shell is smooth, as before, and the whorl changes little in shape,
being still low, broad, and little embracing. The sutures and shape correspond
exactly to Anarcestes, the primitive goniatite and radicle of the ammonoids. Anar-
cestes was named but not characterized by Mojsisovies,“ and afterwards defined by
Hyatt,’ as containing forms with smooth, broad, and low whorls, with semilunular
cross section, deep umbilicus, and rather broad abdomen. Gondatites subnautilinus
Schlotheim, of the Middle Devonian, was chosen as type of the genus, but most of
the species occur in the Lower Devonian, in the Hercynian beds, which were for-
merly assigned to the Upper Silurian.

Goniatites crenistria shows the Anarcestes stage at the second and third sutures,
and resembles closely A. /ateseptatus Beyrich of the Lower Devonian. On Pl. XIV,
fig. 6, is seen the transition from the ana- to the meta-nepionic; figs. 9 and 10 show
the transition from ananepionic (first suture) to metanepionic (second and third
sutures); figs. 11 and 12 show the Anarcestes stage at the first and second sutures
visible on the whorl. The metanepionic sutures, seen in projection on Pl. XVI,
figs. 1b and ¢, consist of a deep, rounded, ventral lobe, and a pair of broad, shallow,
latera! lobes. When the animal has progressed thus far in its development it is a
true goniatite, and the siphon has already turned to the outside of the whorl, or
abdomen.

Paranepionic.—W hen the broad lateral lobes become indented with a pair of
lateral saddles, the sutures, the narrow umbilicus, and the broad, low whorl all
correspond to Parodoceras Hyatt, of the Middle and Upper Devonian. G. crenistria
reaches this stage at the fourth suture, at a diameter of about 0.68 mm., one-third
of a whorl, and continues in it for the fourth, fifth, and sixth sutures, up to a
diameter of 0.80 mm., and five-eighths of a whorl. Pl. XIV, figs. 9 and 10, shows
the form at the Parodoceras stage, at one-half a whorl, with the following dimensions:

iS)

Millimeter.
Diameten: saetc see ose 4 SEL Coes sates ta eee ccs 2 eRe ee a 0. 74
Eleight lasticoill 4: 222.52 0.. Ssns S022 seeeasas bee secs St eo ae eee a eee 38
Height lasticoilimoni the protoconthl eee se. = 2s sae eee 18
Width ofilastiwhorl 2a. a5- Aa tees fe oie ci Oe Se eee 5 itt
Ibo ORNS Aas Ce een aed Sere cine Meee eR see seas soe Reo 26
Width*ofiunibilicus se it... s-e cece tee at ee 2 = Se se . 06

“Cephalop. Mediterranen Triasprovinz, p. 181.
» Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 309.

GONIATITES. eye

On Pl. XIV, figs. 11 and 12, the Parodoceras stage shows at the fourth, fifth,
and sixth sutures.

Neanie.—When the ammonoid in its growth no longer shows the characters
of its distinct ancestors, but has already taken on those of its own family, it may be
said to have left the larval stage proper and to have begun its youth. The ananeanic
is then the beginning of the adolescent period. (. erenistria at the seventh suture,
three-fourths of a whorl, and diameter of 0.85 mm., changes its form markedly; the
two pairs of lateral lobes become more pronounced, and the ventral lobe becomes
smaller in proportion; the coil leaves its close spiral and shows decided egression,
the umbilicus becomes wider, while the chamber becomes actually narrower than in
the Parodoceras stage, as seen from these figures: Width of chamber at diameter
0.74 mm. is 0.77 mm., at diameter 0.92 mm. it is 0.69 mm. The involution also
becomes less. At diameter 0.90 mm. and end of the first whorl a decided constric-
tion, marking a temporary mouth of the shell, makes its appearance. This stage
corresponds to the Upper Devonian and Carboniferous genus /réonoceras Hyatt,” of
which P. d/vism Muenster, of the Upper Devonian, and 7” be/val/anum de Koninck,
of the Lower Carboniferous, are the types. These species have broad, low, rather
evolute whorls, with wide umbilici and smooth surfaces, ornamented only with
periodic constrictions. The external sutures consist of an undivided, pointed, ventral
lobe, one pair of angular lateral lobes, and a second pair of rounded lobes on the
umbilical border. The external saddles are angular and the lateral saddles rounded
and broad. If the genus Pr/onoceras is dropped, as now seems likely, it will be
necessary to give some other name to this stage of growth. The beginning of
the Prionoceras stage is shown on Pl. XIV, figs. 11 and 12, in the widening of the
umbilicus, egression of the spiral, and narrowing of the chamber.

Dimensions of the specimen.

Millimeter.
IDTAIMELGrS aa cee Mea aoe Ren ae en as Poe Saar hase oan eee 0. 92
Lalerelane: OPEV ator Ms Se 52 eo es See ror nes 2S eRe re Ieee At St eae .33
Heichtof lastwwhorl irom thespreceding). 222-22 22-222 =. 2 ee eee 5P8}
WIG Cheol astawill OT ea ewe meer mee ees ea Se ee eS . 69
MV OLILLO Dee ot ets Se ee eae ete aR eee ook e ANSEL e oe! a0
Waidthvoiumiptligtut o- Beemer es eee ei cohen ao eich ten see ee . 30

This stage begins at 0.85 mm. diameter, three-fourths of a whorl from the pro-
toconch, and lasts with little change except increase in size for two revolutions up to
a diameter of 2.25 mm., when the transition to Gondatites begins.

Plate XV, figs. 1 and 2, shows a continuation of the Prvonoceras stage, at 1?

whorls.
Dimensions.

Millimeters.
Dain Cte Teeaae ph see ae ae ea ee aa Re: ohana anes o ose 1. 29
Melehivonlash Coles eae aeee =a ate iaeeaems Joace seein iste stole cigs t sos- ace 45
Heichitohlasticolmtiromithe preceding. = snes eeeenee so = = Sees se ecice . 29
Wachbhvonlasticolllitas asemet cae ee = eee ee ee eets as eS eS .95
Tino LU WOOR aes meee ee ee eee ene a IEE ee eS Sto Soiois ciepatoe eis 15

Vit EDR OTUs seme ieee epee ns np te ewe GO 2 - 50

“Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 328.

74 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

On this specimen are seen two constrictions about two-thirds of a revolution
apart, thus making the resemblance to Prionoceras very striking. At this stage are
first seen the cross strie of growth. A continuation of the same generic stage is
shown on Pl. XV, figs. 3 and 4, at 1 whorls.

Dimensions.

Millimeters.
Diameter’ 32 sSsseeeswas ac sods cue Seo omer sete = Speer mci et ommise See acee 1.38
Islaelnn OIE Coll ~—Beseco peeseeosS cbesocn che cacessoe sSeetoeesbebeSess 02
Height of last whorl from the preceding - --_-----5--.,.------------------ 31
Widthvotlastiwhorl:. 222.26. Jose cco cee ee eee eee Cee rome ae eee 1.02
InVvolutions. -2-caehcce s eechis sm eee ne = ee een Jee oe eee ee 2
Widthrot umbiliets! 2 222 ese cocs So sac se eee Oe ins: Seocee ee eee .51

The relative dimensions are nearly the same as at diameters 0.92 mm. and 1.29
mm., but the sutures differ slightly, the ventral lobe being slightly blunted, as shown
on Pl. XVI, fig. 1. On this specimen only one constriction was visible at diameter
of 0.85 mm.

On Pl. XV, figs. 5 and 6 show a larger specimen still in the Prionoceras stage, at
24 whorls.

Dimensions.

Millimeters.
Diam Chen -asic sos wea cicta ae nina ae ate eRe erst reer ore aerate ae ree erate ges 1. 64
HMeiehtiofilastiwhorl <5" = e2csateweee ia < sia eee = - ee ee eee eee . 60
Height of last whorl! from the preceding - ------ -22-2- .-222.----- == --- === 40
iWidthroePlastswhorleeus ac sft io ars- 3 cee ORO ee C Sane eee ae 1.38
Amv olUtlon te Sa tae oes oe e ae bee c te Se eee Cor eee e Sea eee eee eee eee - 20
Width otumbilicus: 22.6 fscce tats ae ote ec cnn ween erates oe acres 54

No constrictions were visible on this specimen; that one which occurs at end of
the first whorl being concealed by the outer coil. The relative dimensions are nearly
the same as on the preceding specimens, except that the last whorl is proportionally
broader and the umbilicus narrower. The sutures are the same as on the last
specimen. The end of the Prionoceras stage is shown on Pl. XV, figs. 7 and 8, at
2% of a whorl.

Dimensions.
Millimeters.
Diameter a= Sop eseoa vac << las See OSCE eee Ree Oo ae Sia ae A ee einen Bae oO
Heichtivoflastwhonleee-.2o4.sesseee eset esa sane a= eee eee ae ean 87
Heightion last mbonlifromithe preceding ess oe. mine a= eee ea 50
WidthroMlastwhorlle—.. "22 soos see here ae eo ee eee ne 1. 82
In VOUGHON oso noses 2 cle aa ae Se ee Bene oe ee eaten es Sy/
IWidth.ofumibilieus ce 2 os o boeds seae esos se soe cen. oe oe eee as es 58

No constrictions were visible on this specimen, the earlier ones being concealed
by the outer whorl. The figures show that the relative dimensions remain nearly as
before, but the umbilicus becomes considerably narrower. The sutures are like
those of the smaller specimens, but on the last half whorl the ventral lobe becomes
very much flattened, and at diameter of 2.2 mm. becomes slightly indented by
the beginning of a ventral saddle, thus showing a transition to Goniatites and
the end of the adolescent stage. No youthful stages larger than this were suc-

GONIATITES. 15

cessfully broken out in condition to figure, but the imperfect ones obtained showed
a gradual narrowing of the umbilicus and increase in height of the whorl and

involution.
ADULT STAGE.

The form of the adult G. crenistria has already been sufliciently described in
this paper and in Hyatt’s monograph. The sutures changed in increasing depth of
the ventral sinus and sharpening of the lateral lobes, as shown on Pl. XVI, fig. 1,
taken from a specimen of diameter of 15mm. The early adult sutures have been
figured by Hyatt,“ and the figures are reproduced in this paper.

Pl. XV, fig. 9, shows a small specimen in the early adult stage; it agrees in all
essentials with those of larger growth. only the ventral saddle is shorter and the
lateral saddles more rounded.

Table of stages of growth.

° | Protoconch | One-half sue whorl, Prionocercs R, nee.
Protoconch. | andtwo | ness ie I Beene stage, EOE oe
| chambers. | Parodoceras. Prionoceras. 13 whorls. "
— : -_ Stee At = =
mm, mm. mm. mm. mm. mm,
Diameter as2- sseese ae | 0.46=1.00 | 0.61=1.00 | 0.74=1.00 | 0.92=1.00 } 1.29=1. 00) 1. 38=1- 00
: | = € lad Pe 4 € = | =< € << 9°Q
Herhivomlash whorless|s24— oon ol 505) .so— 02) cd. op) |) .40— 234)" Zo2— a8
Height of last whorl |

from the preceding - | .17= .86| .15= .24| .18= .17| .283= .25| .29= .22| .31= .22

Width of last whorl..--| .66=1.56 | .66=1.08 | .77=1.04 | .69= .75 Ob — eon elo — meen
. - x a A ¢ = ¢ -
Involution--2-.2---- -O7= .15 |) .16= .26|) .26= .35| .10= .10 arene 2s
Vivishilay nz tural] MING assoc 2 Ss seaoss bsacsoceune. | .06= .08| .28= .30| .50= .38} .51= .37

| Prionoceras to |
Prionoceras, Prionoceras, | Prionoceras to Goniatites. Goniatites. Ginnie
2: whorls. 22 whorls. Goniatites. End of Anephebic. 3 ag
neanic. |
mm, mm, mm, mm. mm, | mm,
Diameter soasicae sss = 1. 64=1.00 | 2.25=1.00 | 2.60=1.00 | 3.00=1.00 | 6.00=1. 00 /11. 00=1. 00
| }

|
Height of last whorl .--: .60= .36| .87= .38 | 1.24= .47 | 1.45= .48 | 3.50= .58 | 5.50= .50
| |

Height of last whorl |
from the preceding ..| .40= .23 | .50= .22 = .29| .88= .27 | 1.80= .30 | 3.00= .27

76
Width of last whorl. | 1.38= .84 | 1.82= .80 | 2.32= .88 | 2.82= .94 | 6.00=1.00 Lo. 00= .90
3 48 1

mvolhotiont=-=ss5ssse5 0 — sel i— 16) = .18| .62= .20| 1.65= .27 | 2.50= .22
Width of aera oii 58h -08= .20 Gee O00 lz 90 neon el 00—s09)

SUMMARY.

The ontogeny of Gondatites is of interest not only for its own sake, but also
because it is the most important genus of the largest family of ammonoids of the
Carboniferous, and because this family gave rise toa large part of the ammonites
of the Trias. Gon/datites in its ontogeny goes through the following stages: phylem-
bryonic, protoconch, representing the primitive cephalopod; ananepionic, Silurian

«Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, Pl. XLVII, figs. 44-45.

76 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

nautiloid; metanepionic, Anarcestes of Lower Devonian; paranepionic, Parodoceras
of Middle Devonian; neanie, Prionoceras of Upper Devonian and Carboniferous,
showing gradual transition through ana-, meta-, and paraneanic, and a gradual
change from Prionoceras to Gon/atites in the late adolescent and early adult stages.
Prionoceras or some similar form seems to have been the family radicle, and Agan-
ides is a side branch, since Gondatites does not go through any stage corresponding
to the latter genus. Gastréoceras comes from Prionoceras (through Glyphioceras) by
somewhat narrowing the whorl and division of the ventral lobe. Glyphéoceras and
Goniatites come directly from Prionoceras by narrowing the umbilicus so as_ to
conceal most of the inner whorls, and by division of the ventral lobe.

The division of the family Glyphioceratide into Agan/des, Prionoceras, Goniolo-
boceras, Dimorphoceras, Pericyclus, Goniatites, Glyphioceras, Miinsteroceras, Gastrio-
ceras, Paralegoceras, and Schistoceras is quite proper for phylogenetic reasons.

According to Steinmann the Ceratitide of the Trias are descended from Gustrio-
ceras, and the Tropitide from Pericyclus, but neither of these groups goes through
stages of growth corresponding to these genera. Zyop/tes does, however, go through
a Prionoceras stage, and later it resembles closely Gastrioceras, but it already has the
Tropites keel betore the ventral lobe is divided. But it is quite likely that some of
the genera assigned to the Tropitide do descend directly from other members of the
Glyphioceratide.

All specimens of Goniatites crenistria figured in this paper, except those
on Pl. X, figs. 12-16, are deposited in the geologic collection of Leland
Stanford Junior University, California, and came from the St. Louis-Chester
stage (Fayetteville shale), of Moorefield, Ark. Those figured on Pl. X,
figs. 12-16, are from the Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester, Bend
formation, near Richland Springs, San Saba County, Tex.

GONIATITES GREENCASTLENSIS Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVII, figs. 12-14.
1896. Goniatites greencastlensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 11, p. 44, pl. 5, figs. 12-14.

This species has been referred by E. Haug* to Goniatites s. str., on the
supposition that the pointed undivided abdominal lobe was merely the lobe
of the internal part of the next outer coil pressed on the shell. Through
the kindness of Dr. Stuart Weller the writer was allowed to examine the
type of this species in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, Univer-
sity of Chicago, and found the facts to be as Haug suspected. This
specimen is, therefore, a member of Goniatites s. str., and not of Prionoceras,
as one would think from the drawing published.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Greencastle, Ind.

«Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 64.

GONIATITES.

be |

=]

GONIATITES KENTUCKIENSIS Miller.
Pl. XVII, fig. 1.
1889. Goniatites kentuchiensis, S. A. Miller, North American Geol. and Pal., p. 440.
fig. 740.
1896. Goniatites kentuckiensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 11, p. 40, Pl. V, fig. 1.

This species is probably identical with G. striatus Sowerby, and thus
with Glyphioceras cumminsi Hyatt, for the globose rather flattened form, the
size of the umbilicus, the septa and the spiral ridges all agree with that
species. But Miller does not describe nor figure any constrictions on the
shell, although it probably has them in the earlier stages.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard, Ky.
The type is deposited in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum,
University of Chicago.

GoniaTiTEs LuNATUS Miller and Gurley.
Pl. VI, figs. 2-5.
1896. Goniatites lunatus, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 41, Pl. V, figs. 2-5.

Shell globose, volutions enlarging rapidly, and becoming more broadly
rounded with increasing size. Cross section, of the whorl semilunular.
Greatest breadth of whorl about one-fourth larger than the height, and
situated at a point about one-fifth of the height of the whorl above the
umbilicus. Whorls deeply embracing, the last whorl being indented to
one-half of its height by the preceding one. Umbilicus very narrow, being
‘not more than one-eighth of the total diameter. Surface of the shell
smooth, except for fine cross imbricating strize of growth. No constrictions
have been observed.

Septa consisting of a narrow divided ventral lobe and broad, shallow,
bluntly pointed laterals. External saddles rather narrow, lateral saddles
broad and shallow. Dorsal septa unknown.

In this species is seen the survival of a type that prevailed in the St.
Louis-Chester stage of the Lower Carboniferous, but it has apparently
lost the constrictions and tendency to surface ornamentation characteristic
of the group at that time.

Occurrence—Coal Measures (Middle?), Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.

78 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Deposited in the paleontologie collection in Walker Museum, University
of Chicago. The writer’s thanks are due Dr. Stuart Weller for the use of
the drawings of this species, from Bull. No. 11, Hlinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist., Pl. V, figs. 2-5.

GONIATITES NEWsOMI Smith, sp. nov.
P]. XVII, figs. 2-5.

Whorl depressed, with broadly rounded abdomen, and angular umbili-
cal shoulders. Whorl a little wider than high, greatest breadth a. little
above the middle, indented to half its height by the preceding whorl.
Involute, umbilicus rather wide, about one-fourth of diameter of shell;
narrower in young. Several sharply incised constrictions to a revolution
showing on both shell and cast. These bend sharply forward on the
abdomen, making a broad saddle, with a narrower lobe. Shell ornamented
with strong spiral striz or ridges, with broader interspaces coarser than on
G. striatus. There are also fine cross striz of growth, giving a slightly
reticulated aspect to the shell and the cast. These show on both shell and
cast. The ornamentation resembles G. striatus, but is coarser, and the form
is somewhat more strongly compressed than that species, from which it
also differs in the form of the constrictions and in its wider umbilicus.
The nearest relative of this species is G. subcircularis Miller, but G. newsomi
is much broader than G. subcircularis, has coarser spiral ridges, and wider
umbilicus. The septa are more larval in character than those of G. striatus.
Named in honor of the collector, J. F. Newsom. Deposited in the geologic
collection of Leland Stanford Junior University, California.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, so-called Fayette-
ville shale, Batesville, Independence County, Ark.

GONIATITES sPH&RICUS Martin.

1809. Conchyliolithus Nautilites sphericus, W. Martin, Petrif. Derb., p. 15, Pl. VII,
figs. 3, 4, 5.

1814. Ammonites sphericus, J. Sowerby, Min. Conchol., Vol. 1, p. 116, Pl. LI, fig. 2.

1825. Goniatites sphericus, G. de Haan, Mon. Ammon. et Gon., p. 159.

1828. Orbulita spherica, J. Fleming, Hist. Brit. Anim., p. 248.

1832. Ammonites carbonarius (pars), L. von Buch., Phys. Abhandl. Berlin Akad. der
Wissenschaften for 1830, p. 176, PI. II, figs. 9, 91, 911, 9111 (not fig. 9TVv).

1836. Goniatites sphericus, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. Il, p. 234, Pl. XIX,
fios. 4-6.

GONIATITES. 79

1837. Ammonites sphericus, K. Beyrich, De Goniatitis in Mont. Rhen., p. 13.

1837. Ammonites sphericus, EK. Beyrich, Beitr. z. Kennt. Rhein. Ueber
p. 38.

1842-4. Ammonites sphericus, LL. G. de Koninck, Descr. anim. foss., p. 570, Pl.

XLIX, figs. 6; Pl. L, figs. 9, 10.

1844. Goniatites sphericus, F. McCoy, Synop. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 15.

1846. Goniatites sphericus, F. A. Quenstedt, Petrifact. Deutschl., Vol. I, Cephalo-
poden, p. 66, Pl. TI, fig. 11 (not fig. 10 a—d).

1850. Aganides sphericus (pars), A. VOrbigny, Prod. de Paléont., Vol. I, p. 115.

1855. Aganides sphericus, F. McCoy, Brit. Pal. Fossils, p. 566.

1867. Goniatites sphericus, H. Trautschold, Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat. Moscou, Vol.
XL, No. 3, p. 44, Pl. V, fig. 10.

1875. Goniatites sphericus, W. H. Baily, Charact. Fossils, p. 117, Pl. XL, figs. 9a, b.

1880. Goniatites sphericus (pars), L. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la
Belgique, Vol. I, p. 249, Pl. XLVLI, figs. 3-5.

1884. Glyphioceras sphericum, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 329.

1888. Goniatites sphericus, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. I, Paleozoic, p. 312.

1897. Glyphioceras sphericum, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt.

LE py Lorene. (oe
7. Glyphioceras sphericum, S. Weller, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XVI,
p-. 271, Pl. XXI, figs. 1, 2.

1898. Goniatites sphericus, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 26.

1901. Glyphioceras sphericum, ¥. Frech, Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 84, fig.
37 b and e.

-oangseeb.,

This species was somewhat doubtfully identified by Weller from the
so-called Batesville sandstone, St. Louis-Chester stage, Lower Carbonif-
erous, of Batesville, Ark. Since the same group has furnished in that
region G. crenistria and G. striatus the occurrence of G. sphericus is not at
all unlikely, but better specimens must be found before the identification
will be certain. The European form was the one chosen by Hyatt as the
type of his genus Glyphioceras.

For the distinctions between Goniatites crenistria, G. sphericus, and
G. striatus see the descriptions of G. crenistria and G. striatus, where the
relations of all three are fully discussed and the comparative dimensions
given. The three species have usually been confused, and indeed they are
separated by very slight differences, which seem, however, to be fairly
constant. But it is by no means impossible, nor even unlikely, that at least
G. crenistria and G. striatus may be the same species, and both possibly only
a variety of G. sphericus.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Batesville
sandstone, Batesville, Ark.

GO

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

GONIATITES STRIATUS Sowerby.
/ Pl. X, figs. 1-11; Pl. XXVI, figs. 6-13.

1814. Ammonites striatus, J. Sowerby, Min. Conchol., Vol. I, p. 115, Pl. LITT, fig. 1.
1825. Goniatites striatus, G. de Haan, Mon. Ammon. et Gon., p. 159.

1836. Goniatitesstriatus, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. IT, p. 283, Pl. XLX, figs. 1-3.
1842-1844. Anmonites striatus (pars), L. G. de Koninck, Descr. anim. foss., p. 568,
Bip XG Exe hess, abe dbl ines. i assb. Cc:

1844. Goniatites striatus, F. MeCoy, Synop. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 16.

1852-1854. Goniatites sphericus (pars), F. Roemer, in Lethea Geognostica, 3d ed.,

Wolly Jetis JOU joe Gul WG I sikeyss, ILA Els Toy ve

1855. Aganides sphericus, var. y striatus, F. McCoy, Brit. Pal. Fossils, p. 567.

1876. Gondatites sphericus, F. Roemer, Lethea Geognostica, Pt. 11, Lethaea Palo-
zoica, Pl. XULV I; figs) Lilja, bc:

1880. Gondatites striatus (pars), L. G. de Konineck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique,
VolMitips 253, PI XSL Vib fies, oa, 2.285) Pn Xe VS toss lal a.

1ss4. Glyphioceras striatum, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 320.

1893. Glyphioceras cummins, A. Hyatt, Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, p. 467,
Pl. XLVI, figs. 33-43.

1897. Glyphioceras striatum, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. III,
p. 166, fig. 78.

1898. Goniatites striatus, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 28.

1899. Glyphioceras striatum, EF. Frech, Die Steinkohlenformation, Pl. XLVI,
figs. 1-2.

Shell globose, invelute, with slightly flattened sides, and broadly
rounded abdomen. Height of whorl about the same as the breadth, and a
little more than one-half of the diameter. Whorl indented more than half
its height by the preceding whorl. Umbilicus narrow, about one-eighth ot
the diameter, broader than in G. crenistria, and narrower than in G. spher-
icus. Three to four distinct constrictions to a revolution; these form a
broad, shallow saddle on the abdomen, showing on both shell and cast.

Surface ornamented with fine, sharp, spiral striae, with slightly broader
interspaces, and fine cross strize, giving a reticulated aspect to the shell.
The cross strie are finely crenulated, as in G. crenistria, but the spiral
ridges much stronger. G. striatus is most nearly allied to G. crenistria,
from which it differs in being slightly more compressed, in its coarser spiral
striz and less distinct. cross stria, and somewhat wide umbilicus. From
G. sphericus this species differs in its more distinct spiral and cross striz,
the slight reticulation of the shell, the somewhat narrower umbilicus, and
the greater lateral compression.

GONIATITES. 81

It will be seen from the foregoing description that G. striatus is directly
intermediate in character between G. crenistria and G. sphericus, and a large
suite of specimens of all three would probably show transitions from one to
the other.

There seem to be among the American specimens two rather well-
marked varieties of this species, one with the spiral lines very sharp and the
cross striae very weak; this one occurs in the St. Louis-Chester stage of
Batesville, Ark.; the other has the spiral lines and cross striee of about equal
strength, and very sharply defined crenulations; this occurs in the St. Louis-
Chester stage, the Bend formation of central Texas (Glyphioceras cum-
minsi Hyatt, Pl. X, figs. 1-11), although it seems to the writer that Hyatt
has included under this designation specimens of both G. striatus and
G. crenistria. In youth these varieties can not be distinguished from each
other, nor from G. crenistria, which is associated with them.

Goniatites kentuckiensis Miller is probably identical with this species,
but until a specimen is found showing constrictions it is left under its
present hame.

Occurrence.—Goniatites striatus is characteristic of the upper part of
the Lower Carboniferous in Great Britain, Belgium, and Germany, and is
considered a typical zone fossil in that region. We may therefore extend
the term zone of Goniatites striatus to the same horizon in America, the
St. Louis-Chester stage, in which this species has been found near Bates-
ville, Ark. (Pl. XXVI, figs. 6-13), and in the Bend formation near Lam-
pasas, Tex. (Pl. X, figs. 1-11). The specimens figured on Pl. X XVI, figs.
6-13, in this paper are deposited in the geologic collection of Leland
Stanford Junior University, and came from the St. Louis-Chester beds
(Fayetteville shale) of Batesville, Ark. Those figures on PI. X, figs. 1-11,
came from the Bend formation near Lampasas, Tex., and are deposited in
the Texas State Museum.

GONIATITES SUBCIRCULARIS Miller.
Pl. XXVI, figs. 14-18.
1889. Goniatites subcircularis, S. A. Miller, North American Geol. and Pal. p. 440,
fig. 741.
This species resembles somewhat G. striatus, but has wider umbilicus,
coarser spiral striz, more compressed whorl, and lacks entirely the

MON XLII—02 6

82 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

crenulations seen on most other species of this group. Constrictions deeply
incised, four to a revolution, bending sharply forward on the abdomen.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard,
Ky., and the same horizon in the so-called Fayetteville shale of Batesville,
Ark. The figured specimens came from the Arkansas locality, and are
deposited in the geologic collection of Leland Stanford Junior University,
California.

Genus GAsSTRIOCERAS Hyatt.

This genus was originally established by Hyatt to include evolute
species with open umbilicus, trapezoidal or semilunular cross section,
and usually ribs or tubercles on the sides; the species included by Hyatt
in this genus all have prominent siphonal saddles, first lateral saddle broadly
rounded, second lateral saddle broad, but inclined to be pointed; the
siphonal lobes are long, narrow, and pointed, and the lateral lobes broad
and pointed. In all the species cited by Hyatt’ as belonging to Gastrio-
ceras, there is but a single pair of lateral lobes visible—that is, on the
sides of the shell; and Hyatt® limits Gastrioceras to forms with a single
pair of lateral lobes and with the second pair on the umbilical shoulders.
Hyatt’ refers G. russiense Tzwetaev to his genus Paralegoceras, because that
species has the second pair of lateral lobes on the sides of the shell and not
on the umbilical shoulders. But Gastrioceras russiense has just the same
number of lobes as all other known species of Gastrioceras, namely, nine in
all, and lacks the lobe on the umbilical border, which is characteristic of
Paralegoceras. Dr. K. von Zittel’ confines Gastrioceras to forms with a
single pair of lateral lobes. But the relations of Gastrioceras, Glyphioceras,
Goniatites, and Paralegoceras have been best worked out by Karpinsky, who
shows that there is no marked distinction between Goniatites and Gastrio-
ceras; that both have the same number of lobes and saddles—nine of each;
that the second pair of lateral lobes may be on the umbilical shoulders or
on the sides of the shell, thus differing from Paralegoceras, in which the
third pair of lateral lobes is on the umbilical shoulders. — Gastrioceras usually
has a trapezoidal cross section and umbilical ribs; but some species lack the

« Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 327.
» Thid.

¢Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, p. 355.
dThid.

¢Grundziige der Palzeont., p. 399.

GASTRIOCERAS. 83

ribs, as G. globulosum Meek and Worthen, while some species of Glyphioceras
have umbilical ribs and, in their youth, also the elliptical cross section, as
Glyphioceras diadema Goldfuss. But the two extremes are widely separated
from each other, as Gastrioceras joss@ V erneuil and Goniatites sphericus Martin.

This genus has been looked upon by Steinmann as the ancestor of the
trachyostracan families of the Trias, the Ceratitidee and the Tropitidee. Dr.
K. von Zittel agrees with this opinion as to the origin of the Tropitide, but
thinks the Ceratitidae developed out of the Prolecanitidee, which is in agree-
ment with the writer’s studies on the development of Ceratites of the Trias.

GASTRIOCERAS BRANNERI Smith.
Pl. XI, figs. 8-13.
1896. Gastrioceras branneri, J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV,
p. 257, Pl. XXIII, figs. 1-6.

The adult shell is discoidal, with low, narrow whorls of semilunular
cross section; the adult whorl is very evolute, embracing not more than a
third of the preceding one, and the increase in height and breadth is
extremely slow. The young whorls are proportionally broader and more
involute, so that the umbilicus of the younger part of the shell is deeper,
but widens rapidly with age, as the involution decreases. G. branneri is
the most evolute species of Gastrioceras known in the Carboniferous, and
approaches the narrow evolute Permian type, described by Gemmellaro
from Sicily: but the Sicilian form still retains the strong constrictions,
aud has also acquired the spiral strie that are characteristic of Permian

Gastrioceras.
Dimensions.

Millimeters.
ID Tame ten® Sean 4 ON | ee eR Re Ee ae te SET PA eR IN Ue Nah ae 39.5
Heichtroilastiw Onion Aer eeer 2 eee pe eee Glas SR SES Pe eee 10.5
Wadthroitimbiicos) ais secretes ae rere eee et ee Ee oe ee Se 19.0
TESRCP GI Mood Be ODE GOCE Eeue BI GSE Ee aa eS Sa Eee See eee ee 15. 0
Height of last whorl from top of preceding ...-...........-.-------------- 8.0

The specimen shows nine whorls at the diameter of 39.5 min.

Sutures—The sutures consists of three external lobes and as many
saddles. The siphonal lobes are long, narrow, and pointed; the first lateral
broadly pointed, and on the umbilical shoulder is another shallow lobe,
broad and pointed. The siphonal saddle is narrow, with the usual indenta-
tion at the end; the first lateral saddle is broadly rounded and deep, the
second lateral saddle shallow and inclined to be pointed. The inner lobes

84 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

are three in number, a long, narrow, pointed antisiphonal lobe, and a pair
of shorter, pointed lateral lobes; the four internal saddles are rounded.
The figures on Pl. XT, figs. 12 and 13, show the sutures to be characteristic
of Gastrioceras; but the second lateral lobe, while on the umbilical
shoulders, is plainly visible from the outside. Thus the species might be
referred to the genus Paralegoceras of Hyatt; but it has only nine lobes
and nine saddles, while Paralegoceras has eleven of each.

Surface characters.—The shell is preserved on only a small portion of
the specimen, but the cast shows the generic and specific characters quite
as well. Obscure and somewhat doubtful constrictions were observed, but
the preservation is such that their interval could not be ascertained. The
umbilical shoulders are marked with rather weak nodes or ribs, which on
the outer whorls reach up nearly to the abdominal shoulders; on the young
shell they are relatively much stronger.

Affinities —Gastrioceras branneri belongs to the group of G. listert
Martin, G. josse Verneuil, and G. marianum, all characterized by trapezoidal
cross section, umbilical ribs, pointed Jobes and rounded saddles, and evolute
whorls. From the above-mentioned species G. branneri differs in the nar-
rowness of its whorls, and wide, shallow umbilicus; it seems to depart
further from the Glyphioceras stock than any other Carboniferous species of
the genus (rastrioceras.

Occurrence—Gastrioceras branneri was found along with Pronorites
cyclolobus Phillips, var. arkansasensis Smith, and Productus cestriensis Meek
and Worthen, in Arkansas, on Pilot Mountain, Carroll County, 385 miles
southwest of Valley Springs, in T. 17 N., Rk. 19 W., sec. 18, northeast
corner, in Lower Carboniferous, Chester group (A10 of Prof. H. S.
Williams’s section).

The type, for the use of which the writer is indebted to Prof. H. 5.
Williams, is the property of the U. 8S. Geological Survey (U. S. National
Museum), locality number 1275.

GASTRIOCERAS CARBONARIUM von Buch.
Plate XI, figs. 1-4.

1832. Ammonites carbonarius (pars), L. von Buch, Phys. Abhandl. Berlin Akad. der
Wissenschaften for 1830, p. 176, Pl. I, fig. 9 1v, (not 9, 9 1-1).

1842. Goniatites carbonarius (pars), d@Archiac and Verneuil, Trans. Geol. Soc.
London, 2d series, Vol. VI, p. 382.

GASTRIOCERAS. 85

figs. 4, a—b.

1861. Goniatites Lister’, J. W. Salter, Mem. Geol. Survey, ron Ores of Great Brit-
tain, Pt. III, p. 221, Pl. I, figs. 35, 36.

1863. Goniatites listeri (pars), F. Roemer, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Vol.
XXXVI, p. 213.

1884. Glyphioceras carbonarium (pars), A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. XXII, p. 329.

1890. Goniatites listeri, J. Ward, Trans. N. Staffs. Inst. Min. and Mech. Eng.,
Mole see lsities:) 4595:

1892. Goniatites listeri, G. Wild, Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., Vol. X XI, p- 396,
Uy tos) OF 10:

1896. Gastrioceras, sp. indet., J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV,
Dap ZO2smleleNONG tos. Ie an Dy Cade

1896. Goniatites carbonarius, H. Bolton, Trans. Manchester Micros. Soc., 1895,

p. 130, Pl. II, fig. 20.
Gastrioceras carbonarium, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus.,
Pt. III, p. 229, figs. 110, a—d.
1898. Gastrioceras listeri (pars), E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 103.
1899. Glyphioceras subcrenatum, F. Frech, Die Steinkohlenformation, Pl. XLVI, 2B,
figs. 3 and 5.

[Not 1840. Goniatites carbonarius, J. de C. Sowerby, Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 2d

series, Vol. V, p. 703, Pl. LIL, figs. 8, 9.]

1897.

Form somewhat compressed laterally; whorls helmet-shaped, wider
than high, highly arched, and indented to nearly one-half the height by
the preceding whorl. Greatest breadth at the umbilical margin. Umbil-
icus wide and deep, inner area steep. In the adolescent stage the whorls
are broad, low, and flattened, with angular sides exactly like those of
G. listeri.

The sides are ornamented with strong tubercles, which on the young
stages are like those of G. listeri, but at maturity form ribs that reach half-
way up to the abdomen.

Three or four constrictions are seen on each revolution. Outer shell
with fine cross striae of growth, visible on the cast. The ventral lobes are
sharp and narrow, the lateral lobe narrower than is usual with Gastrioceras,
and not tongue-shaped.

The inner whorls are flattened and angular, with much stronger
tubercles than those on the mature shell.

EK. Haug" has included not only this species, but also G. coronatum

« Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 103.

86 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Foord and Crick, in G. /isteri, but these three differ in septa, in involution,
and shape of the whorl, G. listeri being intermediate between the others,
and no transitions from one to the other being known.
Occurrence.—Gastrioceras carbonarium is characteristic of the middle
division of the Coal Measures in England, Belgium, and Germany. In
America it has been found at the same horizon in western Arkansas—Scott
County, near Boles—associated with G. listeri. The identification is not
beyond question, on account of the nature of the preservation of the speci-
mens. It is therefore referred with some doubt to G. carbonarium. Figured
specimen deposited in the geologic collection of Leland Stanford Junior
University.
GASTRIOCERAS COMPRESSUM Hyatt.:

Pl. IX, figs. 1-3.

1891. Gastrioceras compressum, A. Hyatt, Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas,

p. 355, figs. 57, 58.
The following description is quoted from Hyatt’s paper:

The form of the whor! is helmet-shaped, and at the diameter of 109 mm. ina
cast the greatest transverse diameter was 42 mm.; the distance ina straight line from
umbilical shoulder to center of abdomen, 38-39 mm.; the abdomino-dorsal diameter,
23 mm. The increase by growth in both diameters is slow and the umbilici conse-
quently shallow. The involution covers more than two-thirds of next internal whorl
at the diameter of 109 mm., and in another specimen at diameter of 68 mm. it is just
two-thirds. The still younger whor!s are numerous and yisible from the sides at the
centers of the umbilici, and doubtless the amount of inyolution is correspondingly
less. Constrictions appear in the smaller specimen measured and in the younger
stages of another flattened example.

The ventral lobe is divided hy a large bottle-shaped siphonal saddle divided by
asiphonal lobe at the extremity; the lateral branches of the ventral lobes are very
long and acutely pointed, as are also the first lateral lobes, which are of the same
length as these branches of the ventral. The first lateral saddles are hastate and
acutely pointed, and second lateral saddles are, as is usual in this genus, subhastate.
The inner outlines of these last are concave near the points, then suddenly convex
internally where the lobe of the umbilical shoulder begins. These last-mentioned
lobes are also acutely pointed, but much more abbreviated than the other two pairs.
The shell is strongly striated, but it is not pilated or otherwise marked, except when
constrictions occur.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend for-
mation, San Saba County, near Bend, Tex. The type is deposited in the
U.S. National Museum.

GASTRIOCERAS. 87

GASTRIOCERAS ENTOGONUM Gabhb.

Plate X, figs. 17-19.

1861. Goniatites entogonus, W. M. Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 372.
1893. Gastrioceras entogonum, A. Hyatt, Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas,
p. 472, Pl. XLVII, figs. 49-51.

The following description is quoted from Hyatt’s paper:
g | ) pal

This species is similar to others of the genus in its open umbilici and the arcuate
trapezoidal outline of the whorl in section. The cast is marked by deep constrictions,
confined to the abdomen, and somewhat less than one-third of a volution apart, or
about three and five-tenths to one yolution. These bend forward on either side and
then back, forming two crests and a median sinus.on the abdomen. The sides are
divergent, narrow, and smooth. The abdomen is strongly furrowed and ridged on
the shell, and these markings are repeated on the cast. The longitudinal ridges are
crossed by strong lines and narrow laminz of growth, which are to a greater or less
extent impressed upon the surface of the cast, as shown in fig. 51 [in Hyatt’s
paper]. The lines of growth and the constrictions are exactly parallel on the abdomen,
and the apertures were probably similar in outline.

The shell was seen only in small fragments, but there is suflicient of these to
show that it was not very thick, and ornamented by continuous ridges mach
sharper than those on the cast. These were crossed and slightly serrated by tine
transverse lines, occurring as the edges of narrow laminz of growth. The sides are
smooth except for the presence of the edges of these same lamin. But there is one
patch near the line of involution having a ridge with the usual crenulations. The
ridges on the venter cross the constriction of the cast below without any inflection,
the constriction being caused entirely by the internal thickening of inner layer of
the shell.

This species differs from Gast. lister’ of Europe in the smoothness of the
shell on the sides and the extent of the involution, which is here coextensive with
the abdomen of the whorls, and also in the strong ridges on the abdomen.

The sutures were also visible on the specimen and are of the usual
gastrioceran type.

Occurrence.-—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend
formation, 5 miles west of Lampasas, Texas. A similar species, thought to
be identical with G. entogonum, was found by the geological survey ot
Arkansas in the Lower Carboniferous, Fayetteville shale, near Boles, Ark.
In both Arkansas and Texas this species was associated with (Goniatites
cumminsi of Hyatt, or Goniatites striatus, according to the writer.

88 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

GASTRIOCERAS EXCELSUM Meek.
Pl XVI fie. 2 5 Py aX XGL Xe.

1866. Gondatites globulosus (pars), Meek and Worthen, Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. II,
p. 390, fig. 38 (not Pl. XXX, figs. 2 a-c).

1876. Goniatites globulosus var. excelsus, F. B. Meek, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog.
Surv. Terr., Vol. I, No. 6, p. 445.

1896. Gastrioceras excelsum, J. P. Smith, Proce. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV,
jo AOS JE DQVAUL raters ILE), lop, Ce

This is the largest known species of Carboniferous ammonoids. A
specimen from Osage, Kans., now deposited in the United States National
Museum, has a diameter of 11 inches, and is entirely septate, so that the
full size, with the complete body chamber, must have been several inches
more. Shell globose, with depressed helmet-shaped whorls, and abruptly
rounded umbilical shoulders. Width of whorl nearly equal to the total
diameter of the shell, and more than twice the height of the whorl. Each
whorl indented to one-third of its height by the inner volution.

Surface apparently smooth except for obscure traces of nodes on the
umbilical shoulder.

Umbilicus deep and wide, being more than one-third of the total diam-
eter in width. Septa of the usual gastrioceran type, ventral lobes long,
narrow, and pointed, divided by a broader siphonal saddle. Lateral lobes
longer than the ventral, and very little wider. First and second lateral
saddles broadly rounded. A third lateral lobe, short and funnel shaped, is
seen below on the umbilical slope of the umbilical shoulder. This is not
shown in the sketch on Pl. XXVIII, fig. 2, which stops at the umbilical
shoulder, but can be seen on fig. 1, from a photograph of the shell. Internal
septa unknown.

Occurrence.—A specimen doubtfully compared by Meek with this species
was found at an unknown locality in the Upper Coal Measures of Kansas,
and figured in geological survey of Illinois, Vol. II, p. 390, fig. 38.

This type was found in the Upper Coal Measures of eastern Kansas at
Osage. This is the specimen now deposited in the United States National
Museum. In the paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, University
of Chicago, is a specimen, No. 6226, from the Upper Coal Measures of Osage,
Kans.; this is better preserved than the type, and has therefore been figured on

Pls. XXVIII and XXIX. The writer’s thanks are due Dr. Stuart Weller, of

GASTRIOCERAS. 89

the University of Chicago, for the opportunity of studying the specimen,
and for the photographs of it. On Pl. XVI, figs. 2a and 2b, is figured a
specimen from the Middle Coal Measures of Pope County, Ark., 'T. 10 N.,
R. 20 W., see. 8, collected by the geological survey of Arkansas, and
now deposited at Leland Stanford Junior University.

(ZASTRIOCERAS GLOBULOSUM Meek and Worthen.
Pl. VI, fig. 1; Pl. XXI, figs. 7-9.

1860. Goniatites globulosus, Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p- 471.

1866. Goniatites globulosus, Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Llinois, Vol. II, p. 390.
Pl. XXX, fig. 2.

1s8s4. Gastrioceras globulosum, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol., XXII, p.
327.

1896. Gastrioceras globulosum, J. P. Smith, Proce. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV,
p. 258, Pl. XVIII, figs. 1-6.

1898. Glyphioceras globulosum, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 26.

This species has some slight resemblance to Paralegoceras baylorense of
the Texas Permian, but the lobes of the latter are alone sufficient to separate
the species, exceeding by one the number on the sides of G. globulosum.
The Texas species also has the umbilicus much wider and more open, and
is not so globose.

The angle of the umbilicus is 45°, which remains constant notwith-
standing the fact that the shell grows more involute with age, being in its
youth a comparatively opea coil. In youth the whorls are flattened, but
with age they become more rounded, until the shell reaches almost the form
of Goniatites sphericus Martin. As many as six whorls are known.

The deeply marked constrictions, that are so common in the family of
the Glyphioceratidee, are seen on the casts, about four to a whorl.

Sutures.—The sutures show nine lobes and nine saddles; the siphonal
lobes are narrow and pointed, the first lateral lobe is broad, but pointed,
and on the umbilical shoulder is a small, pointed “‘suspensive” lobe. There
are three pointed, internal (concealed by the involution) lobes, of which
the antisiphonal (dorsal) is the longer.

The siphonal saddle is rather deeply notched, long and narrow; the
two lateral saddles are broad and rounded. The two internal saddles are
rather pointed and long, as is the case with most species of this genus. The
internal lobes and saddles have never been seen before in this species.

90 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The septa are exactly like those figured by Meek and Worthen, so
that no further description of them is necessary; they are typical of the
genus Gastrioceras, as characterized by Hyatt, although as Karpimsky*
remarks, the sutures alone are not sufficient to separate the genera
Glyphioceras and Gastrioceras, since a comparison of the sutures of
Gastrioceras josse Verneuil and Glyphioceras diadema V erneuil (not Goldfuss)
shows the almost perfect similarity of the two.

The surface of the shell was unknown to Meek and Worthen, but some
of the Arkansas specimens have the shell partially preserved. It is marked
with fine, sharp, doubly arcuate, sickle-shaped strize or ribs, with the sinus
on the ventral portion pointing backward. The surface ornamentation
resembles that of Glyphioceras obtusum Phillips,” but the form is much more
globose, and the lobes unlike those of Phillips’s species.

Dimensions —One of the fragments shows a diameter of over 2 inches;

on this only the body whorl was seen, it being at least one coil in length.

Dimensions of the largest figured specimen.

Millimeters.
Diametenassscetee es ase sce ences te Gee ene Saat one cen onc cae eeeeemieet 36
Bread teer se: Asoo ts oe sec Nee ere Sere eee) Ss Silat nie pet ime oe eee te Pee 27
leighton lastewihonl see. s scene a Bees Seances set aeoee seas 14
Height of last whorl from center of umbilicus... --..--..------------------- 19
Height of last whorl from top of the inner one --.--....---~--.------------- 8
NivovehelaopdbhnmoyWhcc (even = eee a Ree eee Se oo Soa ham aoe ma oae 9

These measurements show the adult shell to be very globose.

Occurrence.—Several specimens of this species were found in the Mid-
dle Coal Measures of Scott County, Ark., T. 1 N., R. 28 W., sec. 4, SE.
1 of SE. 4. This species is also found in the Cisco formation of the
Texas Upper Coal Measures, and in the Upper Coal Measures of Spring-
field, Il. The specimen figured on Pl. XXI, figs. 7-9, came from the
Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, of Graham, Tex., and has been
deposited by the writer in the U.S. National Museum.

«Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stute, p. 46.
bGeol. Yorkshire, Pt. II, p. 235, Pl. XIX, figs. 10-15.

GASTRIOCERAS. 9]

GASTRIOCERAS ILLINOISENSE Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVIL, figs. 6-8.

1896. Goniatites wlinoisensis, Miller and Gurley, Buil. Illinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 11, p. 42, Pl. V, figs. 6-8.
1898. Paralegoceras illinoisense, EK. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 31.

The following description is quoted from the paper by Miller and
Gurley :

Species medium size, subglobose, volutions moderately enlarging, and periphery
broadly rounded. One specimen exposes part of three volutions, leaving the impres-
sion that a complete shell contained not less than six volutions. A transverse of a
volution is suberescentiform, the horns being short and obtuse. The last volution
incloses all the inner ones, but leaves a rather large open umbilicus. The air cham-
bers are short and complicated. The outer shell is not preserved in our specimen.

The septa are gastrioceran in character, consisting of a pair of ventral
lobes divided by a blunt siphonal saddle, a principal lateral lobe, and a
broad, shallow, pointed, funnel-shaped auxiliary. The saddles are club-
shaped, and the ventral and first lateral lobes mucronate.

This species certainly belongs in the same genus with Gastrioceras
kansasense Miller and Gurley, of which the writer has satisfied himself by
an examination of the types of the two. Haug referred this species to
Paralegoceras, but in the drawing of the septa (the internal part was added
to the original drawing from a sketch of the type by Dr. Stuart Weller) it
is seen to lack the fourth external lobe that is characteristic of Paralego-
ceras, and to have the normal number of lobes, external and internal,
characteristic of Gastrioceras.

Occurrence.-—Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, Ill. Type
specimen is deposited in the paleoutologic collection, Walker Museum,
University of Chicago.

GASTRIOCERAS KANSASENSE Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVII, figs. 9-11.

1896. Goniatites kansasensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 11, p. 43, Pl. V, figs. 9-11.

Shell small, subglobose; whorls slowly increasing in size, depressed

helmet-shaped and deeply embracing, indented to half their height by the

92 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

preceding whorls. Breadth of whorl about two-thirds of the total diameter
of the shell and nearly twice as great as the height of the whorl. Umbilicus
wide, its width being more than a third of the total diameter of the shell.
Surface of the shell smooth, not marked by ribs.

According to Miller and Gurley, this species differs from G. alinoisense in
its larger umbilicus, more depressed whorls, less gibbous shape of the
whorls, greater abruptness of the umbilical shoulders, and greater sim-
plicity of the septa, which aré decidedly mucronate in G. illinoisense and
merely tongue-shaped in G. kansasense. Also in G. kansasense the auxiliary
lobe is on the umbilical border, while on G. illinoisense it is on the umbilical
slope, just below the shoulder. Both species belong to. the group of G.
globulosum, characterized by globose whorls and absence of umbilical nodes
or ribs, thus differing from the species that have been considered typical of
Gastrioceras. This seems to be a rather specialized group that has lost the
nodes entirely, and retains the constrictions only in the young.

Occurrence.—Upper Coal Measures, Missourian stage, Kansas City, Mo.
The type is in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of
Chicago.

GastTRIocERAS KINGI Hall and Whitfield.

Pl. IV, figs. 4-8.

1877. Goniatites kingi, Hall and Whitfield, U. 5. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol.
IV, Pt. Il, p. 299, Pl. VI, figs. 9-14.
1884. Gastrioceras kingi, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 327.

Shell subglobose, the breadth of the whorls being about two thirds of
the total diameter of the shell and about twice as great as the height of the
whorl. Whorls with flattened broad venter, depressed helmet-shaped out-
line, abrupt angular umbilical shoulders, the umbilical border having an
inclination of 45° with the axis of the shell. Umbilicus wide, being about
one-half of the diameter of the shell. Whorls deeply embracing, each one
covering the inner whorl to near the umbilical shoulder, and being indented
by this to one-half its height.

Surface ornamented by obscure nodes on the umbilical shoulders,
sometimes forming faint undulations across the abdomen. ‘The whole sur-
face is covered by fine lines of growth, the crowding together of which
causes the undulations. Surface of the cast marked by constrictions, about
two to a revolution.

GASTRIOCERAS. 93

Septa of the usual gastrioceran type; ventral lobes narrow and long,
separated by a deeply notched siphonal saddle. Lateral lobe rather broad
and funnel-shaped. External and lateral saddles broadly rounded. The
second lateral lobe is not above the umbilicus. Body chamber at least two
revolutions in length.

Occurrence—In black shale of the Coal Measures, presumably the
upper part, near Eberhardt Mill, White Pine, Nev. The type is deposited
in the U. 8S. National Museum.

GASTRIOCERAS LISTERI Martin.
Pl. XIII, figs. 6-15.

1809. Conchyliolithus Nautilites Ammonites (lister/), W. Martin, Petrif. Derb., Pl.
XXXYV, fig. 3, and p. 16.

1825. Ammonites listeri, J. Sowerby, Min. Conchol., Vol. V, p. 168, Pl. DI, fig. 1
(right and left hand figures).

1832. Ammonites listeri, Lu. von Buch, Phys. Abhandl. Berlin Akad. der Wissen-
schaften for 1830, p. 175.

21833. Ammonites listeri, C. J. Davreux, Mém. Cour. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles, Vol. LX,
pe 2 (Oye SL ios: ln?

1836. Goniairtes Lister, J. Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. II, p. 235, Pl. XX, figs. 1, la.

1842. Goniatites listeri, F. McCoy, Synop. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 14.

1842-44. Ammonites listeri (pars), L. G. de Koninck, Descr. anim. foss., p. 577
(excluding figures).

71855-57. Goniatites Listeri, J. Kelly, Jour. Geol. Soc. Dublin, Vol. VII, p. 7.

1863. Goniatites listeri, F. Roemer, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Vol. XV,
p. 580 (excluding figures).

1884. Gastrioceras ister’, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 327.

1884. ‘‘ Ammonites listeri,’ EK. Beyrich, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell., Vol.
XXXVI, p. 213.

1888. Goniatites listeri, R. Etheridge, British Fossils, Vol. I, Paleeozoic, p. 312.

1892. Goniatites striatus, G. Wild, Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc., Vol. XXI, p. 396,
TAL Ob ine, 1k

1896. Goniatites lister?, H. Bolton, Trans. Manchester Micros. Soc., 1895, pp. 130,
134, Pl. II, fig. 21.

1896. Gastrioceras marianum, J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XY, p.
260, Pl. XVI, figs. 1-5.

1897. Gastrioceras lister’, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. II,
p. 233, fig. 111.

1898. Gastrioceras Lister’ (pars), E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 103, Pl. I,
figs. 28-31.

1899. Glyphioceras listeri, F. Frech, Die Steinkohlenformation, Pl. XLVI, 4, figs.
2 a-b.

94 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The whorl is low, broad, with trapezoidal cross section, very evolute,
broader than high; indented about one-half the height by the preceding
whorl. Greatest breadth at the umbilical margin, about three-fourths the
diameter; height of the whorl about two-sevenths the diameter and less
than half the breadth. Umbilicus broad and deep, width about one-half
the diameter. Strong umbilical tubercles, which are continued across the
abdomen by fine undulations. About three constrictions to a revolution.
Outer shell with fine cross striz, and obscure spiral striz on the inner
whorls. Septa consisting of a pair of tongue-shaped narrow ventral lobes,
and a somewhat shorter and broader lateral lobe. On the umbilical
shoulders is a small shallow ‘‘suspensive” lobe. The saddles are all
broadly rounded.

This species has been united by many writers with Gastrioceras car-
bonarium, but is always broader and more depressed, has stronger umbilical
tubercles and broader lateral lobes than that species. Some have confused
it with G. marianum M. V. K., and the American representative has been
referred by the writer” to that species. But the figures and descriptions of
Foord and Crick enable these two species to be distinguished quite easily.
G. listeri is not quite so involute as G. marianum, is always broader and
coarser in sculpture. The breadth of the whorl in G. lister? is more than
three-fourths of the diameter, in G. marianum it is only two-thirds of the
diameter. Also in G. listeri the lobes are proportionally longer and
narrower.

Occurrence.—In England, Belgium, and Germany Gastrioceras listert
is characteristic of the middle division of the Coal Measures. In America
it has been found in the same horizon near Boles, Scott County, Ark.,
accompanied by G. carbonarium. It may thus be taken as diagnostic for
this zone in these two regions.

The figured specimens came from near Boles, Scott County, Ark.,
and are deposited in the geologic collection of Leland Stanford Junior
University, California.

« Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV, p. 260.

GASTRIOCERAS. a)

GASTRIOCERAS MONTGOMERYENSE Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVI, figs. 12-14.
1896. Goniatites montgomeryensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 11, p. 38, Pl. IV, figs. 12-14.

Shell robust, breadth nearly as great as the diameter; whorls slowly
expanding, three times as broad as high, deeply embracing, the outer whorl
being indented to one-half its height by the inner one, but the umbilical
shoulders of the inner whorls are exposed in the deep funnel-shaped
umbilicus. Cross section of whorls depressed, trapezoidal, broader than is
usual in (rastrioceras. Ventral portion flattened and broad; umbilical
shoulders angular and abrupt, descending steeply to the umbilicus, and
ornamented with sharply incised ribs or nodes. Umbilicus wide and deep,
being one-half of the total diameter of the shell.

There are six constrictions to a revolution, beginning at the umbilical
border, curving abruptly forward on the sides and then backward on the
abdomen in a broad, gentle series.

Septa consisting of a pair of narrow tongue-shaped ventral lobes,
separated by a short siphonal saddle, deeply incised by a secondary notch
or lobe; a broad, short, lateral lobe on the sides halfway between the
siphon and the umbilical shoulders.

This species is most nearly related to Gastrioceras listeri, but is broader
in proportion, and also has a greater number of constrictions to a revolution.
The lateral sculpture is slightly coarser than on G. lister?.

Occurrence—Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, Ill. Type
in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago.

GASTRIOCERAS NOLINENSE Cox.
Pl. V, figs. 8-10.

1857. Goniatites nolinensis, E. T. Cox, Geol. Sury. Kentucky, Vol. ILI, p. 574,
Pl. X, figs. 1, 1a, 1b.

1891. Goniatites nolinensis, C. R. Keyes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 264.

Form subglobose, somewhat compressed laterally. Whorls highly

arched, with broadly rounded abdomen and slightly flattened sides, deeply

embracing, and covering most of the inner volutions. Umbilical shoulders

abruptly rounded, umbilicus narrow, being not over one-fifth of the total

96 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

diameter. Surface smooth, but ribs and constrictions might possibly not be
preserved by the iron ore by which the shell is replaced. Septa consisting
of hastate lobes and tongue-shaped saddles; siphonal saddle long, mucro-
nate, ventral saddles long and tongue-shaped, lateral saddle broadly rounded;
ventral lobes narrow and hastate, lateral lobes broader and pointed, second
lateral or auxiliary lobe on the umbilical border. The antisiphonal lobe
is long, narrow, and pointed, flanked by a pair of shorter hastate lobes and
narrow tongue-shaped saddles. The internal lateral saddles are very broad
and shallow.

This species seems to be nearest akin to Gastrioceras carbonariun, with
which its form and septa agree, but the smoothness of the shell of G. noli-
nense would serve to distinguish them, if it should be proved that the speci-
mens are always devoid of ornamentation.

Occurrence.-—Middle Coal Measures, Nolin, Edmonson County, Ky.,
and Des Moines formation, Middle Coal Measures, of Des Moines, Iowa.

GASTRIOCERAS OCCIDENTALE Miller and Faber.
Pl. VIII, figs. 6 and 7.

1892. Goniatites occidentalis, Miller and Faber, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. XIV, p. 166, Pl. V1, figs. 6 and 7.

Shell subglobose, abdomen broadly rounded, sides sloping with a gentle
curve to the abrupt umbilical shoulders. Whorls highly arched, deeply
embracing, indented to about one-half of their height by the inner whorls.
Umbilicus deep and wide, being about one-third of the total diameter.
Umbilical shoulder crenulated or subnodose. Surface marked by four
broad, shallow constrictions which run nearly straight across the abdomen.
Between these furrows are fine transverse lines of growth, parallel to the
constrictions. The septa, as shown by Miller and Faber, do not resemble
those of any known goniatite genus, but are remarkably like the impres-
sions of the internal muscle-scars, as seen on many ammonoids. This is
probably what was seen by Miller and Faber and reproduced in the
drawing. The septa when seen will probably be like those of other species
of Gastrioceras.

Occurrence.—Middle Coal Measures, Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.

GASTRIOCERAS. 97

GASTRIOCERAS PLANORBIFORME Shumard.
1855. Goniatites planorbiformis, B. F. Shumard, Geol. Sury. Missouri, Vol. II, p.
208, Pl. C, figs. 11-a-b.
1894. Goniatites planorbiformis, C. R. Keyes, Geol. Sury. Missouri, Vol. V. Pt. I,
p. 221.

Shell evolute; whorls depressed, rounded, little embracing, elliptical
rather than trapezoidal in cross section. Sides rounding gently to the
abrupt umbilical shoulders, which, however, are not angular. Umbilicus
very wide, exposing all the inner whorls, being more than a third of the
total diameter.

Surface ornamented with fine imbricating bands of growth, bearing
very minute striz, which are flexuous on the abdomen; one constriction
has been observed at about the end of the fifth revolution. Septa
gastrioceran in character, with lobes inclined to be pointed, and broadly
rounded saddles. Shumard’s type was very small, and these septa are
larval in character, so this probably does not represent a mature form, but
might be the young of any one of several species of Gastrioceras.

Occurrence.-—U pper Coal Measures, Kansas City, Dovers Landing, Mo.

GASTRIOCERAS suBcAvUM Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVII, figs. 15-17.
1896. Goniatites subcavus, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 45, Pl. V, figs. 15-17.

This species was first described by Miller and Gurley from the Upper
Coal Measures of Montgomery County, Ill. The writer has a specimen
collected by Dr. N. F. Drake in the Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation,
of Graham, Young County, Tex., about 1,000 feet below the Permian.

The species resembles Gastrioceras globulosum, but the whorls are
narrower, more depressed, more angular on the umbilical shoulders, and
less rounded than on that species. ‘The two agree in the septa and in the
absence of umbilical ribs.

The figured specimen is in the paleontologic collection, Walker
Museum, University of Chicago (Gurley collection).

Occurrence-—Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, Il, and
Graham, Young County, Tex.

‘

MON XLII—02

98 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

GASTRIOCERAS WELLERI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXIV, figs. 13-20.

Form evolute, widely umbilicate; whorls low and broad, increasing
slowly in size. Cross section trapezoidal, ventral arch low. Umbilicus
deep, funnel-shaped, with abruptly angular umbilical shoulders. The
height of the whorl is one-third of the total diameter, and the width is
twice the height. The width of the umbilicus is slightly more than one-
third of the diameter of the shell. The impressed zone is about one-sixth
of the height of the whorl. The greatest breadth of the whorl is at one-half
the height.

The surface is ornamented with both cross strive of growth and periodic
constrictions. These are seen on both shell and cast. The cross strize are
sinuous and show only imbrication of the shell. There are no crenulations
nor spiral lines visible The constrictions on the last whorl are five in
number, deeply incised, and slightly sinuous, bending forward in a broad
sinus. The cross striz also form incipient undulations on the shell and
cast. The length of the body chamber is at least one revolution.

The septa are typically gastrioceran; the ventral lobe is divided by a
narrow siphonal saddle into two short, narrow branches; the principal
lateral lobe is deeper, broad and pointed; the second lateral lobe is on
the umbilical slope, just outside of the suture.

This species is most nearly related to Gastrioceras kingi Hall and
Whitfield, but differs from that species in its weaker sculpture, fewer con-
strictions, less highly arched whorls, and more angular shoulders. The
relative dimensions and the septa of the two species are exceedingly
similar. The species belongs to the group of Gastrioceras globulosum
Meek and Worthen, characterized by rather globose shape and absence of
umbilical ribs. But G. welleri is proportionally narrower and has a wider
umbilicus than G. globulosum.

Occurrence.—In the Middle Coal Measures, Des Moines formation, of
Carroll County, Mo., exact locality unknown. The figured specimens
are deposited in the paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum,
University of Chicago (No. 1313). The specific name is given in honor
of Dr. Stuart Weller, to whom the writer’s thanks are due for the loan
of the specimens.

PARALEGOCERAS. 99

Genus ParaLecocreras Hyatt.

This genus was described by Hyatt” to include forms similar in
many respects to Gastrioceras, but with more highly arched whorls, helmet-
shaped rather than trapezoidal in outline, narrower umbilici, and less
pronounced seulpture. The septa are of the lanceolate type, both lobes
and saddles being narrow and long, the saddles being rounded and elub-
shaped, while the lobes are pointed and tongue-shaped, or mucronate.
The lobes on each side are four in number—an external or ventral
two laterals, and an auxiliary lobe just on the umbilical border. There

are three internal or dorsal lobes

a long, pointed antisiphonal flanked
by two similar laterals. This gives for Paralegoceras eleven lobes in all,
one pair more than Gastrioceras posesses.

The type chosen was P. iowense Meek and Worthen.

PARALEGOCERAS BAYLORENSE White.
Pl. IV, figs. 9-11.

1891. Goniatites baylorensis, C. A. White, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 77, p. 19,
Pl. II,-figs. 1-3.

The following description is quoted from White’s paper:

Shell apparently reaching a moderately large size; its transverse diameter less
than that of the plane of its coil; volutions moderately embracing; the peripheral
and lateral portions regularly rounded from the border of one umbilicus to that
of the other; umbilici deep and somewhat narrow, but showing a portion of each of
the inner yolutions, their borders abruptly rounded inward from the sides; the
transverse diameter of the volutions nearly three times as great as the dorso-ventral
diameter, a transverse section of them showing a lunate outline. Living chamber
and aperture unknown. Septa moderately distant from one another; dorsal [ventral]
lobe longer than wide, deeply divided into two narrow, lanceolate, slightly diverging
branches; dorsal [ventral] and superior lateral saddles linguiform and nearly equal in
size; the two saddles separated by the superior lateral lobe, which is simple, slightly
constricted in the middle, and acutely pointed; the inferior lateral lobe similar in
shape to the superior, but a little shorter and less distinctly constricted; inferior
lateral saddle a little shorter than the others, somewhat irregular in shape, and
occupying the margin of the umbilicus. Surface apparently unornamented.

The only specimen in the collection, when perfect, probably reached a diameter
of coil of about 55 millimeters.

This species bears considerable resemblance to the (. globulosus of Meek and

“Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 327.

100 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Worthen, but the septa of the Texan form have each one more lobe and saddle
between the periphery and the margin of the umbilicus than have those of the other
form.

There can be little doubt that this species is correctly referred to
Paradlegoceras, because the auxiliary lobe appears to be on the umbilical
border giving the right number of lobes, although it is not shown in
the drawing.

Occurrence.—Permian, Wichita formation, military crossing of the
Big Wichita River, Baylor County, Tex.

Deposited in U.S. National Museum.

PARALEGOCERAS IOWENSE Meek and Worthen.
Pl. IV, figs. 12-14; Pl. IX, figs. 4-7.

1860. Goniatites dowensis, Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 471.

1866. Goniatites Zdowensis, Meek and Worthen, Geol. Sury. Ilinois, Vol. II, p. 392,
Pl. XXX, figs. 3 a-c.

1884. Paralegoceras iowense, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 327.

1893. Puralegoceras iowense, A. Hyatt, Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, p. 474,
figs. 52-54.

Not 1896. Paralegoceras towense, J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soe., Vol. XX XV,

p. 2638, Pl. XIX, figs.1-3.

The following description is quoted from Meek and Worthen, in
Geological Survey of Illinois, Vol. I, p. 392:

Shell attaining a rather large size, discoidal or nearly flat on the sides, and
narrowly rounded on the dorsum [abdomen]. Umbilical rather shallow, about one-
half as wide as the breadth of the outer whorl from the ventral to the dorsal side,
showing apparently about one-third of each inner whorl. Volutions increasing
gradually in size, but gently convex on the sides, nearly twice as broad from the
ventral to the dorsal side as the transverse diameter, and profoundly grooved within
for the reception of the inner whorls; aperture, as near as can be determined from
a section of the whorls, narrow-subovate, deeply sinuous on the ventral side.
(Surface unknown. )

The septa are lanceolate, lobes and saddles all long, narrow, and
crowded. Saddles rounded and tongue-shaped, lobes lanceolate and sharply
pointed. The ventral lobe is divided by a siphonal saddle; the first and
second lateral lobes are smaller than the ventral; a fourth lobe lies just on
the umbilical border. There are therefore eight lobes visible on the outside,

PARALEGOCERAS. 101

one pair more than possessed by (rastrioceras, with which this genus has
sometimes been united.

There is no other species with which this may be compared; the writer“
erroneously identified a species from the Lower Coal Measures of Arkansas
with P. iowense, but further study of the specimen has shown it to be
specifically distinct, and it is described in this paper under the name of P.
newsomi. Hyatt has described,’ under the name of Paralegoceras iowense
Meek and Worthen, a goniatite from the Bend formation of Texas. But
the lobes are not exactly like those of the Iowa Coal Measures species, the
third lateral saddle is on the umbilical shoulders, and the young: shell is
marked with ribs which form well-defined tubercles, even on the older shell.
These differences were explained by the supposition that the Texas speci-
men was the young of Paralegoceras iowense, and might thus naturally show
them. The Bend formation is called Coal Measures by the geological
survey of Texas, but its fauna seems to be identical with that of the Fay-
etteville shale of Arkansas, which belongs to the Lower Carboniferous, and
probably to St. Louis-Chester stage. Species that are almost certainly
identical with Glyphioceras incisum Hyatt and G. cumminsi Hyatt have been
collected in the Fayetteville shale of Arkansas.

Occurrence.—Paralegoceras iowense was first described from the Middle
Coal Measures of Alpine, Iowa, and since then has been described from
the Bend formation (St. Louis-Chester) of Texas, near Bend, San Saba
County.

PARALEGOCERAS NEWSOM! Smith, sp. noy.

Pl. XII, figs. 4-9.

1896. Paralegoceras iowense, J. P. Smith, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXYV,
p. 263, PI. XIX, figs. 1-3.

Not 1860. Gondatites dowensis, Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 471. Not 1866. Gondatites cowensis, Meek and Worthen, Geol. Sury.
Illinois, Vol. II, p. 392, Pl. XXX, figs. 3a-c.

Shell somewhat discoidal, with flattened sides and rounded abdomen.
Greatest breadth somewhat above the umbilical border. | Umbilical
shoulders rounded. Whorl indented to about two-fifths of its height by
the preceding whorl. Height of whorl equal to the breadth, and nearly

a Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV, p. 263.
> Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, p. 474.

102 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

one-half the diameter. Umbilicus broad and shallow, one-fourth the
diameter, and a little over half the height of the last whorl. |

Septa consisting of an external lobe, two lateral, and a ‘“suspensive”
lobe on the umbilical shoulders; the internal lobes are three in number,
long, narrow, and pointed; this gives eleven lobes in all for Paralegoceras,
while Gastrioceras has only nine, and Schistoceras has thirteen or more ;
that is, four external lobes on each side, one on each umbilical shoulder,
and three internal. Schistoceras is the only Carboniferous member of the
Glyphioceratide that is known to have more than three internal lobes.

The type specimen is a septate cast that when complete must have been
at least 4 inches in diameter. The whorls are broader and rounder than
on P. iowense. They are quite involute, and the umbilicus is narrow on the
young shell, becoming wider as the shell grows older. The surface of the
cast is smooth, no constrictions or other ornamentations appearing on the
older shell. On the younger shell the umbilical shoulders show faint ribs,
that shade off into fine undulations on the sides. Hyatt has shown the
same thing on P. iowense.* But in the Texas specimen the ribs persist to a
much later stage than on that from Arkansas.

Dimensions.—Although the specimen was not well preserved, the meas-
urements of the entire form could be taken. They were as follows:

Millimeters.

Diameter. Seno sae eee ee teat ce eee eee cee ODO.
Herehtohlastawhonlitroml MD GUS S= eee ee a eer eee 25.5
Heieht oflastiwhorlitrontoplohinnerkwhorll 352222 =o. ee eee eee ae 17.0
Widthiofimbilleusien =n acces eee ate ce a= ee ect emcee ere ce tareeat Se:

An inner coil taken out of the same specimen gave the following
measurements:

Millimeters.
Diamleterseyte 32 see ne Ste SOR ERE 02 oC cece ne ee aE ena eyere SEONe)
Heiehtrohlast whorltromyumbiiCus 2. = a- s-oae e = ae ee re ee 12.0
Height of last whorl from top of inner whorl -..........-..--.-.--..----- 7.5
Widlithosaum biliGuse sees see eis ae = ne ae ae eee 6.0

These show the inner coils to be much lower, less highly arched, and
less embracing than the outer ones.

Surface markings —On the inner whorls a trace of the shell is pre-
served, and is like that figured by Hyatt. The undulating strive are like
those common on the Glyphioceratidee.

Sutures—The sutures are like those of P. iowense figured by Meek and

a@Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, p. 355.

PARALEGOCERAS. 103

Worthen, but the siphonal saddle is notched by a small siphonal lobe, and
all the lobes are somewhat constricted in the middle. The three external
lateral saddles are broadly rounded, while the lobes are sharply pointed.
The lobes are eleven in number, three on each side, one on each umbilical
shoulder (suspensive lobe) and three internal, that is, covered by the
involution. The interior lateral lobes and the antisiphonal lobe (dorsal)
are very sharp and long. The sutures approach very closely to those of
Gastrioceras russiense Tzwetaey, but Paralegoceras has one more pair of
lobes than the Russian species and hes also a suspensive lobe on the
umbilical shoulders. In the latter characteristic Paralegoceras newsomi
resembles P. tschernyschewi Karpinsky.” Karpinsky’ has emended Hyatt’s
genus to embrace those forms with two lateral lobes and a ‘ suspensive”
lobe on the umbilical shoulders. Hyatt * emended the genus Paralegoceras
to include those forms with the second lateral lobe on the umbilical
shoulders, and he included in it Gastrioceras russiense Tzwetaey. But the
Russian species has the suspensive lobe on the side and has only nine lobes
in all, and thus ought to remain in the group characterized as Gastrioceras.

This species was first assigned by the writer” to Paralegoceras iowense
Meek and Worthen, although differences were noted. A reexamination of
the type and careful comparison with all figures and descriptions of Para-
legoceras shows that this form, while nearest to P. cowense, can not correctly
be placed under that species. The umbilicus on P. iowense and on P. new-
som is one-fourth of the total diameter. The whorl of P. iowense has a
breadth about three-fourths of its height, while on P. newsomi the breadth
is nearly equal to the height. The Arkansas species is therefore more
globose, with highly arched, helmet-shaped rather than laterally com-
pressed whorls, has a much more rapid increase of size of the whorls, and
is more involute and less discoidal than P. iowense.

Shumard’s description of P. texanwn suggests a near kinship with
P. newsomi, but this form seems to be more compressed laterally, more dis-
coidal, and more involute than P. newsomi. Schistoceras missouriense Miller
and Faber also resembles this species externally, but has one more pair of
lobes and saddles, and thus can not be assigned to Paralegoceras.

« Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 62, Pl. ITI, fig. 1.
b Thid.

¢Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, p. 359.
@Proc. Am. Philos. Soe., Vol. XXXV, p. 263.

104 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Occurrence.—Paralegoceras newsomi was found in the Lower Coal
Measures near Morrillton, Conway County, Ark., T. 5 N., R. 16 W., see.
14, on the Arkansas River. Specific name in honor of the discoverer, J. F.
Newsom. The type specimen is deposited in the geologic collection of the
Leland Stanford Junior University.

PARALEGOCERAS TEXANUM Shumard.
1863. Goniatites teranus, B. F. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 109.
The following description is quoted from Shumard’s paper:

Shell large, discoidal, strongly rounded on the dorsum [abdomen], gently convex
on the sides, umbilicus deeply excavated, exhibiting the inner volutions, and having
a diameter equal to two-thirds the greatest width of the last volution; margin
subangulated; transverse section of last volution semielliptical; its dorso-ventral
diameter about equal to, or a little greater than, the width from side to side.

A small fragment only of the shell is preserved in one of the specimens in the
Texas State collection. It is extremely thin, and the surface is marked with numer-
ous parallel revolving lines, crossed with flexuous transverse lines, presenting a neat
cancellated appearance. There are also faint indications of transverse costie
perceptible near the margin of the umbilicus. Sept deeply sinuous; dorsal
[ventral] lobe cleft by a profound lingueeform sinus with a broad base, into two
narrow, elongated branches, which are not so wide as the sinus between, and which
are gently expanded in the middle and narrowed to an acute point at their
extremities by an oblique truncature of their inner margins; dorsal [ventral] saddle
lingueform, longer than wide and larger than the branches of the dorsal [ventral]
lobe; superior lateral lobe having nearly the same form as the branches of the
lateral lobe, but larger.

This description places it beyond doubt that the species is a Paralego-
ceras, but as it was never figured, and the type is lost, it is difficult to say
whether P. texanum is equivalent to any of the other species of this genus.
It may be the same as P. cowense Meek and Worthen.

Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend for-
mation, Wallace Creek, San Saba County, Tex.

Genus Scuistoceras Hyatt.
Type of genus, Schistoceras hyatté Smith.

The genus Schistoceras was established by Hyatt * to include—

a single species which is not figured or described, but can be readily distinguished
by its large bottle-shaped, siphonal saddle. This is the only characteristic by which

«Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 336.

SCHISTOCERAS. 105

it differs from Prolecanites. The two arms of the ventral lobe are widely separated,
and there are only three pairs of lateral lobes and a small umbilical lobe with two
pairs of dorsal lobes. The lobes are hastate, and the saddles more rounded and club
shaped, as in /rolecanites. ‘The first pair of saddles have dorsal correspondents, and
the annular lobe is deep and acute.

Professor Hyatt’s type was never figured, and the existence of any
other species belonging to this genus was unknown to him, so it was
afterwards either ignored or the species of this group were included in
other genera. Foord and Crick“ recognized the affinity of this group
with Agathiceras, which was established by Gemmellaro,’ based on the
type A. suessi Gemmellaro, to inelude Carboniferous ammonoids with rather
helmet-shaped whorls, somewhat compressed laterally, with spiral orna-
mentation, with four external tongue-shaped goniatitic lobes. Karpinsky°
subsequently included in this genus Adrianites Gemmellaro, which differed
only in having a longer body chamber and a greater number of lobes.
But such a character as this has a much greater significance in the
simpler goniatites than in the specialized ammonites. Thus a difference
in number of lobes may always be takeu as indicating generic progress.
It therefore seems better to leave the genera as Gemmellaro defined
them, except as to their systematic position.

Haug” has recently included in Agathiceras two species of Schistoceras,
S. fultonense Miller and Gurley, and 8S. hildrethi Morton, which he assigned
to the Glyphioceratidee. On page 105 of the same work Haug redescribes
S. hildrethi, and calls attention to the fact that it has one pair of lobes and
saddles more than the type of Agathiceras, and therefore might represent a
new genus descended from Gastrioceras through Paralegoceras. In this he
is in perfect accord with the writer, except that it was unknown to Haug
that the genus Schistoceras met all these requirements. This genus undoubt-
edly resembles Agathiceras, but appears to differ in the constant number of
lobes and saddles; one external lobe divided deeply by a bottle-shaped
siphonal saddle, three lateral lobes decreasing in length toward the umbili-
cus, a short pointed lobe on the umbilical shoulder; and the internal lobes
consisting of a long tongue-shaped undivided dorsal or antisiphonal lobe
and two pairs of lateral lobes. There are, then, in all ten external and

@ Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. III, p. 269. ¢ Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 64.
+ Fauna cale. Fusulina, p. 77. @¥tudes sur les Goniatites, p. 33.

106 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

five internal lobes, four more than are possessed by Paralegoceras, and two
more than Agathiceras.

Professor Hyatt has kindly turned over to the writer the type specimen
of Schistoceras, and through the kindness of Dr. Stuart Weller the type of
Schistoceras (Gon.) fultonense Miller and Gurley was open to his inspection.
Haug has also refigured Schistoceras hildrethi Morton, so that all the known
species of this genus were available for study. The type species has never
been named until now, but the laws of priority demand a recognition of
Hyatt’s genus.

The ontogeny of S. hyatti shows unmistakably that the genus is derived
from Gastrioceras through Paralegoceras, and is thus not a member of the
Prolecanitidze. It may possibly be an ancestor of the Arcestide, but that
question can be settled only by a study of the ontogeny of the primitive
Permian members of this group.

Occurrence.—At present the genus Schistoceras is known only from
America, in the Upper Coal Measures.

ScCHISTOCERAS FULTONENSE Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVI, figs. 15-17.
1896. Goniatites fultonensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 39,_Pl. 1V,figs. 15-17.

The following description is quoted from Miller and Gurley’s paper:

Species medium size, subglobose, periphery regularly rounded ; volutions rather
rapidly expanding. Transverse section of a volution semielliptical, the transverse
diameter being a little more than the dorso-ventral. Number of volutions not known.
The last volution embraces all the inner ones. Umbilicus small, open but not disclos-
ing the inner volutions. The sides of the volutions are slightly flattened and inclined
toward the regularly rounded periphery. The sides of the umbilicus are abrupt, and
the greatest transverse diameter of a volution is near the abrupt descent to the
umbilical cavity. The external shell of our specimen is not preserved.

The septa are lanceolate, the saddles all rounded and tongue-shaped,
the lobes all pointed and slightly constricted at the middle. The external
lobe is long, rather broad, and divided by a siphonal saddle of equal
breadth. The superior lateral lobe is of equal length and similar to the
external; the second lateral lobe is about two-thirds of the length of the
superior lateral; the third lateral lobe is very small and stands well above
the umbilical shoulder; on the umbilical border is a fourth lobe similar to

SCHISTOCERAS. 107

the third. The internal or dorsal lobes consist of a narrow and pointed
antisiphonal lobe, flanked on either side by a pair of similar laterals, making
five internal lobes.

Miller and Gurley did not attempt to assign this species to its proper
genus, and EK. Haug* ascribed it to Agathiceras. The writer has, through
the kindness of Dr. Stuart Weller, examined the type specimen in the
paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, University of Chicago, and
has been able to determine it unquestionably as a Schistoceras, since in the
number and character of both external and internal lobes, fifteen in all, it
agrees with Hyatt’s type specimen.

It is most nearly related to Schistoceras missouriense Miller and Faber,
but is more globose than that species and has a slightly narrower umbilicus,
which is only one-fifth of the total diameter of the shell, while in S. missou-
riense it is nearly one-fourth. It also resembles S. hyatti in the narrow
umbilicus, but is more robust than that species and apparently lacks the
umbilical nodes. It agrees with S. hildrethi in its robust form, but differs
in its narrower umbilicus. It is quite possible that all these species, S.
fultonense, S. hyatti, and S. hildrethi, may be only local varieties of the same
thing

3D)
species. But not enough material is known at present to demonstrate a

in which ease they would all fall under the synonymy of the latter

gradation between them, and they are accordingly kept separated until the
discovery of sufficient material should warrant a union of all or part of
them in one species.

Occurrence.—Upper Coal Measures, Fulton County, Hl. Type in the
paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago.

ScHISTOCERAS HILDRETHI Morton.
Pl. IU], figs. 1 and 2.
1836. Ammonites hildrethi, S. G. Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X XIX,
p- 149, Pl. I, fig. 24; Pl. XXVIII, figs. 48, 50, 53, 54.
1898. Agathiceras hildrethi, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 105, Pl. I, fig. +40.
Shell subglobose, involute; whorls highly arched, height being four-
fifths of their breadth; helmet-shaped, deeply embracing, concealing all but
the umbilical shoulder of the inner whorls, and indented by them to one-
third of its height. Umbilicus wide and deep, being nearly one-third of

«Etudes sur les Goniatites, pp. 33 and 105.

108 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

the total diameter. Umbilical shoulder abruptly rounded and ornamented
with fine nodes or ribs.

Septa lanceolate, lobes pointed and lingueeform, saddles rounded.
Ventral saddle long, narrow, and bottle-shaped; ventral lobes long, tongue-
shaped; three lateral lobes, similiar in shape, but decreasing in size toward
the umbilicus.

This species is most nearly related to S. hyatti Smith, but has a wider
umbilicus, more globose whorls, and retains the umbilical ribs to a greater
size. It is quite possible that S. hyatti may be only a variety of S. hildrethi,
but they will be kept separate until enough specimens are found to show
the intergradation.

Haug" redescribed S. hildrethi and assigned to it the genus Agathiceras,
at the same time stating that it did not agree entirely with the type of
Agathiceras ; but Hyatt’s genus Schistoceras was unknown to him, since it had
not been figured and the type species had not been named.

Occurrence.—U pper Coal Measures (‘‘ Lower Barren”), near Cambridge,
Guernsey County, Ohio, and Cisco formation, Graham, Young County, Tex.

Specimens are in the U. 8. National Museum from Graham, and Haug
has rediscovered one in the Verneuil collection of the Ecole des Mines,
Paris, presented by Hildreth, from Cambridge, Ohio.

ScHISTOCERAS HYATTI Smith, sp. nov.

Pl. XX, figs. 1-8; Pl. XXI, figs. 10-13.

1884. Sehistoceras, sp. indet., A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 336.

Form somewhat compressed laterally, with high helmet-shaped whorl,
sloping sides, rounded venter, rounded umbilical shoulders, and deep, open
umbilicus, showing the inner whorls. The last whorl is indented to two-
fifths of its height by the preceding whorl. No ribs or constriction occur
on the mature shell, but the surface is ornamented with fine spiral strive
and fine sinuous cross striz, giving a beautifully reticulated appearance to
the shell. In the adolescent stages there are strong umbilical ribs, which
become obsolete at a diameter of about 15 mm. The septa are goniatitic,
but complex, divided imto a large number of lobes and saddles. The
siphonal saddle is long, notched, and bottle-shaped; the three lateral

«Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 105.

SCHISTOCERAS. 109

saddles are long, narrow, and spatulate; the external lobe and the three
lateral lobes are long,

ical shoulder is a fifth lobe, short and pointed, and on the dorsal side is :

harrow, pointed, and tongue-shaped. On the umbil-

long,

of lobes, of which the one nearest the dorsum is long and the second short,

narrow, and pointed antisiphonal lobe, flanked on each side by a pair

like that on the umbilical shoulder. There are thus fifteen lobes and fifteen
saddles in all—one pair more than those of Agathiceras and two pairs more
than those of Paralegoceras. It is prosiphonate, but it could not be ascer-
tained at what stage the siphonal collars began to point forward.

The largest specimen seen had the following dimensions:

Millimeters.
DInINe te aN NS aC ree kee, 2 ee Goel ares Se 69
Mei nizo tal astawNon We eecie ose eee mics sci eee sei aea eee ten cece e cee eeee BD
Heizhiqotlasinmbonmromiheypreceding as.o 2-22. )see ae ones. oe eee Ze
Widthrosalhstuwihtonliessneeee eee cs ost. 5) ea Se Se) So hea
NV ctinuo nner DIT CUs mera ae eee oe sh YES ee ok ners ye A ee 14
Imiy OL Uti Orie mee eee eee a Saeki ee ee ee 12

This specimen was septate throughout, and the outer shell showed tie
impressions of the septa of nearly one-half a revolution in addition to this.
The body chamber would have added at least three-quarters of a revolution
more, so that the full diameter of this shell could not have been less than
175 mm.

The type of this species served Professor Hyatt as the type of his
genus Schistoceras, and to his kindness the writer owes the use of the
specimens. Since a specific name was never given to this form, the
designation Schistoceras hyatti is appropriate.

This species is nearest to S. hildrethi Morton, but differs from it in
being more compressed laterally, in the greater height of the whorl, in the
slightly narrower umbilicus, and in the fainter umbilical ribs, which persist
to a later stage in S. hildrethi.

Occurrence—This species is at present known only from the Upper
Coal Measures, Cisco formation, of Graham, Tex. Specimens of it, includ-
ing the type (PL XX, figs. 5 and 6), are in the private collection of the late
Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, of Cambridge, Mass.; in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology; and in the U. 8. National Museum.

Ontogeny.—Since the individual development of this species shows its
phylogeny in the plainest terms, it is given below, so far as could be
ascertained.

110 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The smallest specimen seen (Pl. XXJ, figs. 10a and 10b) had a diameter
of 5.5 mm., was evolute, broad and low-whorled, with caronate form,
strong umbilical ribs, and periodic constrictions. This unmistakably
corresponded to Gastrioceras. At one-half revolution in addition to the
above the dimensions were:

Millimeters.
Diameter we nace eee eine = Se os Se ere ae ee rae Seer rareicre orate 7.75
laleveed incon Waeis Windle. coosconcuanseccoesewsooeecconsssseacsoeegon tose se 3. 00
Height of last whorl from the preceding. _...-..-..--...--.-.------------ 2.25
Wridthiotelast=wihonrl sac a occ & oat 2 ec ee eee a eee aie toate aentene 5.00
Ayo bedowrays(o4 sol eyOh {alba ae ee REE an ita Ss ono ee RoR oo UO)
Tmvyolivtionies 22 oot ce neat eece acecee See ae oe eee ois = ease Sees 0. 75

The gastrioceran ribs still persisted, but the whorl had become more
highly arched, and the septa were transitional from Gastrioceras to Paral-
egoceras, while the form was still typical of Gastrioceras. The addition of
another half coil showed no change in the shell, except that the ribs were
seen only on the umbilicus. At this stage the dimensions were:

Millimeters.
Dia CLOT sea eee o n= so ee Seale te ie are ee nee eee a eeeintete pereeratarat 10.5
faigpaliion Ieetiaynodles So oss2scosscessstescasasess pet ohare noeseee eee eae 3.5
Height ot) last whorl trom: the preceding 22> = 22 = 22m == ee eee 2.5
\ytohi ms Gn MES yO ee = So arcs se sesnacssco ddan aoboen soodedstsese sas 6.0
Watchin, Cee Muti peeeg see ene coos] sosccacse ae asSebeqese bess S565 sade 4.0
MnVvOlutlon <2 2s- cen Serie ee ae Oe Ree eae eee ei = Spice ae ene eacte see 1.0

This is shown on Pl. XXJ, figs. 11a, 11b, and 11e.

Another revolution showed the whorl highly arched and helmet-shaped,
and the ribs had disappeared; the resemblance to Paralegoceras was now
plain, but the septa showed an extra pair of lateral lobes just within the
umbilical border. No species of Paralegoceras has yet been observed with
this extra pair of lobes, but such may yet be found, since only a few
specimens of that genus are known. This stage (shown on Pl. XX, figs. 1
and 2, and Pl. XXI, fig. 12) gave the following dimensions:

Millimeters.

ID ihecta Oa Sat 5 Sa AAO be ooo boStSce beer aaemeereSemcoocca tetas ssa 21
Hleishipotlastiw Won) esse. aes eer erie ee =e aa ieee telco 10
Height of last whorl from the preceding. ---.-.-------------------------- 7
Width ofdlastiwhorl sos ese coe reese tee ee mersia eral ee are arate apete e ea a tiales late tihate ra 12.5
WistohdauCoye oben! olive oleae 5 56 oo oon Sooo nba St ounces ae 6
Ifequolbtoi.s=- (2945 Se oAR ER Se coho candsanSaeeguacemooneocdr ass soos selsed 3

At diameter of 30 mm., one-half revolution more than the preceding,
the shell had taken on mature characters, the septa were typical of Schisto-
ceras, and after this only an increase in size took place. This early mature
stage is shown on Pl. XX, fig. 3.

SCHISTOCERAS. 111

A still larger specimen (one of Hyatt’s types) is shown on Pl. XX, figs.
5 and 6, giving the following dimensions:

Millimeters.

TOTIRG) EP accep AAR OCR RCO REESE: boca Ta uinia/s ase ooo eee eee 42
Height Oplasti whol -~ soise este os ts exces asecees ces coremecancwceses 20ND
Height ofiast whorl from the preceding....--..-.--.--------------------- 14
CL GDROTMAS HAWN OD ae aia \ajat ates as 'aotisjomin sienna v's tis soe eisee eee eos ceeeee 21
Wadthrotuimbiliciskeserce sass ssc - nm sonstes Sec ecs es s- be ceee eae ee eaten 9.5
Mio lnormserare seetion tem- cic tee e janie qe eis <a 2 olstelsecSelsan meteoam ee 6.5

The largest specimen figured, diameter 69 mm., showed about two-thirds
of a revolution more than the last, but no change in septa, shape; or sur-
face characters (Pl. XX, figs. 7 and 8; Pl. XXIJ, fig. 13). Thus Schistoceras
clearly is derived from Gastrioceras, through Paralegoceras, and undoubtedly
belongs to the Glyphioceratidee, bemg the most complex member of that
group.

ScHISTOCERAS MISSOURIENSE Miller and Faber.

Pl. VII, fig. 1.

1892. Goniatites missouriensis, Miller and Faber, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.,
Vol. XIV, p. 164, Pl. VI, fig. 1.

Shell subglobose, involute, whorls highly arched, helmet-shaped, sides
somewhat flattened, about twice as high as broad, deeply embracing, show-
ing but little of the inner whorls, and deeply indented by them. Umbilical
shoulders abrupt and the umbilicus is deep and rather narrow, being hardly
one-fourth of the total diameter. Surface apparently smooth, no constric-
tions being visible. The preservation of the cast does not permit the
determination of the presence or absence of umbilical ribs.

Septa consisting of four lateral lanceolate lobes on each side, and
probably a fifth on the umbilieal border. The saddles are also like the lobes,
but more constricted and club-shaped. The form and septa are unmistak-
ably those of Schistoceras, and the species may very likely be identical
with either S. hyatti or S. hildrethi, but the figures and description of S. mis-
souriense do not permit this determination. It seems to be more compressed
and to have a narrower umbilicus than either of the other species.

Occurrence—Upper Ccal Measures, Missourian stage, Brush Creek, near
Kansas City, Mo. Type in paleontologic collection, Walker Museum,
University of Chicago.

112 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Family AGANIDID.
Genus AGaAnipEes de Montfort.

1884. Brancocerus, A. Hyatt (not Brancoceras Steinmann, 1881).
1898. Aganides, E. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 39.
1901. Aganides, F. Frech, Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 74.

AGANIDES ROTATORIUS de Koninck.
Pl. XVI, fig. 19; Pl. XIX, figs. 12-14.

1842-1844. Ammonites rotatorius, L. G. de Koninck, Descr. anim. foss., p. 565,
VAL UIE; vt, te
1852-1854. Goniatites rotatorius, F. Roemer, Lethwea Geognostica, 3d ed., Vol. I,
lets JU jos Gil, TA AG tives, oe

1860. Goniatites rotatorius ? , James Hall, Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat.
Hist., p. 101, figs. 15 and 16.

1860. Goniatites ixion, James Hall, Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist.,
p. 125, figs. 1-3.

1876. Goniatites rotatorius, James Hall, Illustr. Devonian Foss. Cephal., Pl. LUX XII,
figs. 12-14.

1876. Goniatites rotatorius, F. Roemer, Lethzea Geognostica, Pt. I, Lethwa Paleo-
zoica, Pl. XLVI, figs. 12a, b.

1879. Goniatites ixion, James Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V., Pt. I, p. 474, Pl. LX XIII,
figs. 12-14; Pl. LX XIV, fig. 12.

1880. Goniatites rotatorius, LL. G. de Koninck, Faune cale. carbon. de la Belgique,
Vol. I, p. 246, Pl. XLVIL fig. 12.

1884. Brancoceras ixion, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p.
326.

1886. Brancoceras ixion, James Hall, Fifth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Geologist,
Pl. XIII, fig. 3.

1888. Brancoceras ixion, C. E. Beecher, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V, Pt. IJ, Supplement, p.
40, Pl. CX XVIII, fig. 3.

1897. Brancoceras ixion, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. IIT,
p. 141, fig. 62.

1898. 2 Branecoceras rotatoriuwm, M. Tzwetaev, Mém. Com. Géol., Vol. VIII, No. 4,
fos Biss Jee WW ae)

1898. Aganides rotatordus, EK. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 39, fig. Ye.

1901. Aganides ivion, F. Frech, Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 74, fig. 32c.

This species, which is very common at Rockford, Ind., but unknown
anywhere else in America, is quite easily recognizable. The following
description is based on a number of specimens from Rockford.

Discoidal, compressed laterally, with sides sloping gently to the

AGANIDES. Hele

rounded abdomen; umbilical shoulders broadly rounded, abdominal shoul-
ders more abruptly. Greatest width of whorl at about one-fifth of height
of whorl. Involution almost one-half of height of whorl. Umbilicus very
narrow, almost closed, and not showing the inner coils. Surface smooth,
no constrictions, ribs, or other ornamentation at maturity; but the writer
has observed constrictions on a specimen of diameter 13 mm. Septa
composed of a tongue-shaped ventral lobe, with a narrow, long, pointed
lateral lobe on each side, narrow external saddle and broad lateral saddle.
On the umbilicus there is a short broad lobe, and concealed by the involu-
tion there is a pointed spatulate antisiphonal lobe, resembling the external
one, and on each side a narrow pointed lateral lobe. The septa figured
here are fromm actual drawings from a specimen broken open to expose the
interior. Number of septa to a revolution from 17 to 20.

James Hall at first considered Goniatites rotatorius and G. ixion to be
identical, but afterwards changed his opinion. The differences on which he
based the specific discrimination were the greater number of septa to a
revolution in G. ixion and the greater lateral compression. But these very
characters are not constant in the specimens from Rockford, the number of
septa to a revolution varying from 17 to 20, and some shells are more com-
pressed than others. The variation between individual specimens from
Rockford is at least as great as the differences between de Koninck’s and
Hall’s types, and most paleontologists have always believed in the identity
of the species.

The following are the dimensions of a Rockford specimen:

Millimeter.
SD) isin CHET Se are oe = Sots ce Ea ee Bey PE Pesatngeeion eae gadae ee 68. 0O=1. 00
Elen iito fll nate wih onl er eee nee neces eee Oh a4 56
Height of last whorl from the preceding. .................--------- le «230)
Widthiohthelaatiwhonlimasm= sees se 28th et ee eon ee 27.0= .40
LUTE N C6 als eRe a cee See Oh een apa Alc re eee 18.0= .26
Widthvoumibilictisgee eos sateen: mar oe Pe iy ce eae eerie eos 270 — 0S

Compared with Hall’s figures and those of de Koninck this specimen
might belong to either. In fact, instead of being more compressed than the
Belgian form, it is rather broader.

Hyatt* chose Goniatites ixion Hall as the type of his genus Brancoceras,
but this name had been preoccupied three years before by G. Steinmann
for a genus of Cretaceous ammonites. It has, however, been demonstrated

“Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 326.
bo)

MON XLII—O02

114 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

that de Montfort" used as the type of his genus Aganides the same species
afterwards described by de Koninck as (oniatites rotatorius. Since this
genus was described and figured by de Montfort, the laws of priority
demand a recognition of it, in spite of the confusion made by later writers,
for which he was not responsible.

Occurrence.—Aganides rotatorius occurs in America only in the goniatite
beds of Rockford, Ind., in the Kinderhook stage. In Europe it is
known only in the calcareous shales of Tournai, in Belgium, and in the
same horizon in Ireland. Since the species occurs in the same horizon in
two widely separated regions, it may be taken as a zone fossil and the
horizon called the zone of Aganides rotatorius. Even if the species should
not be absolutely identical, there are so many other identical forms in the
two regions that the correlation is beyond doubt. The form described by
M. Tzwetaev’ as Brancoceras rotatorium, from the Moscow limestone of
Russia, probably belongs to another species, although quite closely related
to the one under discussion.

AGANIDES DISCOIDALIS Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXIV, figs. 5-7.

Shell discoidal, involute, laterally compressed, whorls deeply embrac-
ing, and deeply impressed by the inner volution. The height of the whorl
is slightly more than one-half of the total diameter, and it is indented to
nearly one-third of its height by the imer whorl. The width of the last
whorl is nearly one-third of the total diameter of the shell and four-sevenths
of the height. The umbilicus is almost entirely closed. The sides of the
whorl are flattened convex, curving gently to the narrow and rounded
venter.

The surface (of the cast) is ornamented only with obscure sigmoidal
strie of growth, with a broad, backward-pointing sinus.

The septa are of the usual Aganides type, with a tongue-shaped ven-
tral lobe, deep and rather narrow, pointed lateral lobe, narrow external
saddle, and broadly rounded lateral saddle.

This species is more compressed and discoidal than any other known

species of this genus.

«Conchyliologie Systématique, Vol. I, p. 30. % Mém. Com. Géol., Vol. VIII, p. 28.

AGANIDES. bakes

Occurrence—In the Lower Carboniterous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau
limestone, of Pettis County, Mo. The type is deposited in the paleon-
tologie collection of the Walker Museum, University of Chicago, No. 8601.
The writer’s thanks are due to Dr. Stuart Weller for the use of the specimen,

which is the only one known.

AGANIDES JEssInza Miller and Gurley.

Pl. XVII, figs. 18-20.
1896. Goniatites jessice, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist. No.
11, p. 46, Pl. V, figs. 18-20.

Shell discoidal, laterally compressed, involute. Whorls high, indented
to one-half of the height by the preceding whorl; abdomen narrowly
rounded, sides flattened. Volutions rapidly expanding, concealing all the
inner whorls. Umbilical shoulders abruptly rounding; umbilicus closed.
Breadth of whorl is equal to three-fourths of the heignt and nearly one-half
of the total diameter

Septa composed of a long, tongue-shaped, undivided, ventral lobe and
a shorter and more rounded lateral. First lateral saddle long and narrowly
rounded; second lateral short and broadly rounded. Internal septa
unknown.

Surface smooth, so far as known.

This species is closely related to Aganides rotatorius, but has somewhat
simpler septa, with longer ventral lobe, and rounded instead of angular
laterals. The form is also slightly more robust than that of <Aganides
rotatorius.

Dr. J. M. Clarke“ cites Aganides jessiee as a member of the genus
Tornoceras, but its characters agree better with Aganides.

Occurrence.

Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Sedalia, Mo.
AGANIDES PROPINQUUS Winchell.
1862. Goniatites propinquus, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 365.
1870. Goniatites propinquus, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 259.
Shell robust, whorl highly arched, with broadly rounded abdomen and

moderately convex sides. Umbilicus closed, not showing the interior

«Naples Fauna (Fauna with Manticoceras intumescens) of New York, p. 110.

116 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

whorls. Septa with short funnel-shaped ventral lobe, and longer, broader,
and rounded lateral lobe. Ventral saddles parabolic, lateral saddles
rounded.

Occurrence-—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Marshall group,

Point aux Barques, Mich.

AGANIDES ROMINGERT Winchell.
1862. Goniatites romingeri, A. Winchell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 427.

Shell subglobose, whorl highly arched with regularly rounded venter
and gently convex sides, and but slight umbilical depression. Umbilicus
closed. Breadth of whorl equal to one-half of the total diameter of the
shell.

Ventral lobe long, linguiform; clarate acute; lateral lobe long as
ventral, narrow and sublinguiform. Ventral saddle obtuse, linguiform,
unsymmetric; lateral saddle deep, broad, extending nearly as far forward as
the ventral.

This species resembles Ayganides rotatorius de Koninek, but has nar-
rower lateral lobe and is more robust on subglobose; the breadth of the
whorl is one-half of the diameter, instead of only one-third, as in 4,
rotatorius.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Marshall, Mich.

AGANIDES scroToENsis Miller and Faber.
Pl. VIII, figs. 2 and 3.

1899. Goniatites sciotoensis, Miller and Faber, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol.
SOLVi yp, 165; el) Vaiss 273:

The following description is quoted from the paper by Miller and Faber:

Shell medium, or rather above medium size; somewhat lenticular in form,
obtusely rounded on the dorsum [abdomen]. Umbilicus consisting of a shallow,
funnel-shaped fossette, without exposing any of the volutions. Volutions few,
rapidly enlarging, the outer ones profoundly grooved for the reception of the inner
ones, and depressed convex on the sides. The greatest transverse diameter is at the
margin of the umbilical fossette, and it is about two-thirds the dorso-ventral diameter.
Seven furrows radiate from the margin of the umbilicus on each side, curve gently
forward at the superior lateral sides and then curve more abruptly backward across
the dorsum [abdomen], as is shown in one specimen. Probably, if the specimen was

AGANIDES, MUENSTEROCERAS. Lele

perfectly preserved, it would show eight of these radiating furrows. Surface between
the furrows showing traces of finer similarly sinuous lines. Body chamber and
aperture unknown.

The sinuosities of the septa, as near as they can be determined from our speci-
men, may be described as follows: Dorsal [ventral] lobe lanceolate and pointed, supe-
rior lateral lobes longer than the dorsal, and pointed at the extremities; dorsal [ventral]
saddle sublinguiform, gradually narrowing and rounded at the extremity, lateral
saddles similar in outline, the three inferior lobes short, with corresponding saddles.

Occurrence.
Sciotoville, Ohio.

Lower Carboniferous, Osage stage, Upper Waverly,

AGANIDES ? sHUMARDIANUS Winchell.
1862. Goniatites shumardianus, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 364.
1870. Goniatites shumardianus, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XI,
p. 258.

Shell discoidal, involute, laterally compressed. Whorl highly arched,
narrow, deeply embracing, but showing a portion of the inner whorls.
Umbilicus open, width nearly one-fourth of the total diameter. Height
of whorl nearly one-half of the total diameter and once and a half times
the height.

Septa of the usual Aganides type. Ventral lobe simple, tongue-shaped,
pointed; lateral lobe wider and longer, also pointed; internal septa con-
sisting of a long, slender antisiphonal lobe, with a pair of shorter laterals.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Lower Waverly
group, Newark, Ohio.

Genus Muernsreroceras Hyatt.

The genus Muensteroceras was established by Hyatt," with Goniatites
parallelus Hall as the type, to include evolute, compressed, discoidal forms,
with highly arched whorls and moderately wide umbilicus. The septa are
elyphioceran, and the most distinctive feature is the presence of an acute
second lateral lobe outside of the umbilicus.

The genus has usually been abandoned by later writers, being consid-
ered as a synonym of Goniatites de Haan or Glyphioceras Hyatt; indeed, it
is impossible to draw any line between these three groups, but the extremes
may be differentiated.

«Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 326.

118 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

KE. Haug" proposes to retain the name, but as a subgenus under Peri-
cyclus Mojsisovies, on account of the sharp umbilical lobe. But in reality
all the Glyphioceratidze have just such a lobe, only it is usually on the
umbilicus, and the presence of such a lobe is hardly sufficient justification
for classing the smooth-shelled Muensteroceras under the roughly sculptured
Pericyclus.

The compressed form of this genus seems to indicate its origin in Aga-
nides, by dividing the ventral lobe and widening the umbilicus.

MUENSTEROCERAS ? HOLMESI Swallow.
1860. Goniatites? holmesi, G. C. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1,
p- 659.

Discoidal, involute, whorls high, abdomen sharply rounded, sides
flattened. Whorls deeply embracing, increasing rapidly in height. Umbili-
cus narrow, funnel-shaped. Surface smooth, so far as known. Septa
unknown.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Cooper County,
Mo.

MUvENSTEROCERAS? INDIANENSE Miller.

Pl. V, figs. 3 and 4.

1891. Gondatites indianensis, S. A. Miller, Advance sheets Seventeenth Ann. Rept.
Geol. Sury. Indiana, p. 90, Pl. XTX, figs. 2 and 3.

1892. Goniatites indianensis, S. A. Miller, Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury.
Indiana, p. 700, Pl. XTX, figs. 2 and 3.

Shell discoidal, involute, deeply embracing, the mside whorl being
entirely concealed by the outer. Whorl highly arched, laterally com-
pressed, and indented to one-half of its height by the preceding; sides
flattened; abdomen rounded and rather broad. Umbilicus very narrow,
not showing the inner whorls. Surface marked by four constrictions that
run from the umbilicus nearly straight across the abdomen. Septa
unknown.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Knobstone
formation, Clark County, Ind. Typein the State Museum at Indianapolis.

, d d

« Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 29.

MUENSTEROCERAS. 119

MUENSTEROCERAS? MORGANENSE Swallow.
1860. Goniatites morganensis, G. C. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., Vol. I,
p- 659.

Shell subglobose, whorl deeply embracing, with abdomen and sides
regularly rounded. Height of the whorl is one-half of the width and a
little over one-fourth of the total diameter. Umbilicus narrow and deep,
funnel-shaped. Surface ornamented with three or four deep and broad
constrictions to a revolution.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau lime-
stone, Missouri.

MUENSTEROCERAS OSAGENSE Swallow.
Pl. XXIV, figs. 8-12.
1860. Goniatites osagensis, G. C. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 659.

Shell diseoidal, moderately convex, with broadly rounded abdomen
and somewhat flattened sides. Whorls deeply embracing and deeply
indented by the inner volutions. The umbilicus is narrow and funnel-
shaped, exposing only the umbilical shoulders of the inner whorls. The
height of the whorl is one-half of the total diameter of the shell, and the
width is equal to the height. The last whorl is indented to one-half its
height by the preceding volution. The umbilicus is one-sixth of the total
diameter.

The surface of the cast is marked, on the last revolution, with six
deeply incised, sinuous constrictions, showing a narrow backward-pointing
sinus.

The septa have a divided ventral lobe and a moderately deep lateral.
The lobes are all pointed, and the saddles are rounded. Swallow compared
this species with Glyphioceras micronotum Phillips, but the relationship is
not close.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Cooper, Moni-
teau, and Pettis counties, Mo. The specimen figured in this paper is
deposited in the paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, Uni-
versity of Chicago (No. 8602); it was found in the Chouteau limestone
of Pettis County, Mo., the more exact locality being unknown. The
writer’s thanks are due Dr. Stuart Weller for the use of the specimen.

120 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

MUENSTEROCERAS OWENT Hall.
Pl. XIX, figs. 3-8.

1860. Goniatites oweni, J. Hall, Thirteenth Rept. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist.,
p- 100, figs. 11, 12.

1862. Goniatites oweni, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. X XXIII, p. 364

1879. Goniatites owent, J. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V, Pt. I, p.47', Pl. LX XIII, fig
3-8. Ply XXIV, fie. 9:

1881. Goniatites oweni, ©. A. White, Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana,
p. 514, Pl. VII, figs. 3 and 4.

1884. Muensteroceras oweni, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 326.

1884. Muensteroceras whitei, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 326.

1886. Goniatites oweni, J. Hall, Fifth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Geologist, Pl. XIII;
figs. 4, 7.

1888. Goniatites oweni, C. E. Beecher, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V, Pt. Il, Supplement,
p- 40, Pl. CX XVIII, figs. 4-7.

1897. Glyphioceras oweni, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt. II,
p. 188, fig. 89.

1898. Pericyclus (Muensteroceras) owen, EK. Haug, Etudes sur les Goniatites, p. 102,
Pl. I, fig. 43.

1901. Glyphioceras oweni, F. Frech, Ueber devonische Ammoneen, p. 84, fig. 37a.

5S.

Shell discoidal, laterally compressed, abdomen rounded, sides some-
what flattened. Whorl about as high as broad, deeply embracing, covering
four-fifths of the inner whorl, and indented by it to one-half of the height.
Cross section of the whorl helmet-shaped; height less than one-half of the
total diameter; greatest breadth a short distance above the umbilical
shoulders, which are abrupt and angular. Umbilicus moderately wide,
varying in width from one-fourth to more than one-third of the total
diameter, and exposing the angular shoulders of all the inner whorls. ‘The
inner whorls are very globose, the breadth at diameter of 10 mm. being
nearly equal to the diameter, and the umbilicus is proportionally nar-
rower. Surface of the shell, which is rarely seen, marked by fine trans-
verse strie. Surface of cast marked by three or four wide and shallow
constrictions, beginning on the umbilical shoulders and bending backward
over the abdomen in a broad curve. These constrictions are variable in
interval and become much more frequent on old shells.

Septa close together, consisting of a long, narrow siphonal lobe,
divided by a short, notched siphonal saddle; a sharply pointed, shallow

MUENSTEROCERAS. 121

lateral saddle, and a short, pointed auxiliary lobe on the umbilical shoulder;
the superior lateral saddle is deep, and the second is broad and _ shallow.
The internal septa consist of a short, pointed antisiphonal lobe and a pair
of similar laterals; the antisiphonal saddle is narrow, and the interior lateral
is broadly rounded.

This species is most nearly related to Muensteroceras (Glyphioceras)
barroisi Holzapfel,” of the Lower Carboniferous of Germany, but differs in
the backward-pointing curve of the constrictions, greater width of the
umbilicus, more depressed whorls, and greater approximation of the septa.

The species is exceedingly variable in width of umbilicus, breadth of
whorls, and involution, so that it is possible that there are several distinct
but nearly related species included in this one. Prof. A. Hyatt’ proposed
the name Muensteroceras whitei for a specimen figured by Dr. C. A. White“
under the name of Goniatites owent Hall. But since White’s figure seems
to be merely a copy of Hall’s illustration of the type specimen, this name
becomes merely a synonym. In a large number of specimens examined
by the writer there was no constancy of characters that might justify a
separation into species or even varieties.

Occurrence.—Muensteroceras oweni is common in the Lower Carbonifer-
ous, Kinderhook stage, goniatite limestone of Rockford, Ind., associated
with M. parallelwm Hall, Prolecanites lyoni Meek and Worthen, Aganides
rotatorius de Koninck, Prodromites gorbyi Miller, P. prematurus Smith and
Weller. All these are of distinctly European type, except Prodromites,
which is of unknown antecedents. MW. oweni has also been cited by Win-
chell from the Kinderhook stage, Marshall group, of Michigan, and in
somewhat the same association as at Rockford, Ind. The illustrations on
Pl. XIX, figs. 3-8, are copied from Hall’s Paleontology of New York,
Vol. V, Pt. II, Pl. LXXITI, figs. 3-8.

MUENSTEROCERAS PARALLELUM Hall.

POV ned Pl XX ches: 1: 2:

1860. Goniatites oweni var. parallela, J. Hall, Thirteenth Rept. New York State
Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 100, figs. 13, 14.

«Pal. Abhandl., Vol. V, p. 30, pl. 1, figs. 10, 10a—b.
» Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 326.
¢Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, Pl. VII, figs. 3 and 4.

122 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

1862. Goniatites owent var. parallela, A. Winchell, Am, Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol.
XXXII, p. 364.

1879. Goniatites owent var. parallela, J. Hall, Pal. N. Y., Vol. V, Pt. I, p. 473, PI.
LXXIII, figs. 1 and 2; Pl. -LXXIV, fig. 10. :

1884.' Muensteroceras parallelum, A. Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII,
p- 827.

1897. Glyphioceras parallelum, Foord and Crick, Catal. Foss. Ceph. Brit. Mus., Pt.
Ill, p. 189, tig. 90.

Shell discoidal involute, laterally compressed, deeply embracing, con-
cealing nearly all of the inner whorls. Abdomen highly arched, sides
flattened. Whorl high, helmet-shaped, indented to three-fifths of its height
by the inner volution, width four-fifths of its height, which is more than
one-half of the total diameter. Greatest breadth at a point even with the
top of the inner volution. Umbilicus narrow, less than one-fifth of the
total diameter; umbilical shoulders abrupt and angular.

Surface marked by about four backward-curving constrictions.

Septa similar to those of M. oweni, but closer together.

This species is most nearly related to M. oweni, but differs from it in the
evreater lateral compression, the higher whorls, the narrower umbilicus, greater
involution, and greater approximation of the septa. Inthe young shell the
form is more globose, as the writer has seen on a specimen 10 mm. in
diameter, broken out of a large shell. In this small specimen the umbilicus
was still narrow, and the sides still somewhat compressed, so that even at
this stage it could be distinguished from the young of Muensteroceras owen.

This young specimen had the following dimensions as compared with
the young of Muensteroceras owent:

| M. parallelum. M. oweni.

| Millimeters. Millimeters.
Diameters 48 47 operates ores Seer orn iia Dic Ane wees Wim Ha 2 EC DP ES anlar 10 10
lee htion asbivy borates crete ees see tee ee alee aes ee | 5.5 4
Height of last whor, from the preceding .--...----..---------------------- | 3p | 2
Widthyotlastsyhorlee sae tes ties 30s Reems cy acta c cl fon oe nile eee See 7 8. 25
Tnvolution se eee ek AA le Oe eee ie Peete Sos c nee eee ears 2.5 2
Widthrotiumibili cus ate Cees ee oe epee eee ae mea iS Aten cheer 2 3.5

The septa at this young stage are still of the glyphioceran type, and
very similar to those of the adult except that they are less approximate,
aud the ventral lobe is less deeply divided by the siphonal saddle. A

GONIOLOBOCERAS. 23

smaller specimen would doubtless show the Aganides stage of development
with undivided ventral lobe, but the writer did not succeed in breaking out
any smaller shell than diameter of 10 mm.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, goniatite beds of
Rockford, Indiana. Winchell has aiso cited this species from the Kinder-
hook, Marshall group, of Michigan.

The septa shown on Pl. XVI, fig. 3, are drawn from a specimen in the
writer’s collection. The illustration on Pl. XIX, figs. 1 and 2, are copied
from Hall’s Paleontology of New York, Vol. V, Pt. LY, Pl) DXXITT) ies.
1 and 2.

Genus GontoLonoceras Hyatt.
GONIOLOBOCERAS? ALLEL Winchell.

1862. Goniatites alle’, A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXXIIT, p. 363.
1870. Goniatites allei, A. Winchell, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XI, p. 258.
1870. Goniatites allei, A. Winchell, Sketches of Creation, p. 116, fig. 50.

Shell discoidal, laterally compressed, involute. Abdomen highly
arched and narrowly rounded, sides flattened. Umbilicus closed, not show-
ing any of the inner whorls. Whorl increasing rapidly in height and
indented to one-half of its height by the preceding volution. Surface orna-
mented with fine spiral lines, and with four constrictions to a revolution.
Septa consisting of a shallow, broad, pointed external lobe, divided by a
broad ventral saddle, which is probably notched; a broader and pointed
lateral lobe. The first and second lateral saddles are somewhat similar to
the lateral lobe, but rather rounded; internal septa consisting of a pointed
dorsal, and pair of similar laterals. This form is doubtfully referred to
Gonioloboceras, but Winchell’s description is inadequate, and his figure in
Sketches of Creation is hardly more than a sketch.

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Marshall group,
Marshall, Mich.

GONIOLOBOCERAS GONIOLOBUM Meek.
Pl. IV, figs. 1-3.
1877. Goniatites goniolobus, F. B. Meek, U. 8. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol.
IV, Pt. I, p. 98, Pl. LX, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.
Meek’s Goniatites goniolobus was taken by Hyatt” as the type of the

new genus Gonioloboceras, of the family Magnosellaridee, characterized by

« Cephalopoda, 1900, p. 551.

124 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

the flattened sides, narrow abdomen, and the extremely angular lobes.
The specimen came from an unknown horizon and locality of the Carbon-
iferous of New Mexico, presumably from the Coal Measures. ‘The writer,
however, considers this genus as a member of the Glyphioceratide, from
observations made on the young of another species. It probably came
from Aganides though Muensteroceras, and in turn gave rise to Dimorpho-
ceras by a further division of the external lobes. It seems, however, quite
possible that the Dimorphoceras of the Upper Coal Measures, while similar
to that of the Lower Carboniferous, may not necessarily be of common
origin with it.

Occurrence.—Carboniterous, Coal Measures.? New Mexico, iocality
unknown.

GonroLoBocERAS ? LIMATUM Miller and Faber.
Pl. VII, figs. 8 and 9.
1892, Goniatites limatus, Miller and Faber, Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol.
XIV, p. 166, Pl. VI, figs. 8 and 9.

The following description is quoted from Miller and Faber’s paper:

Shell small, elegant, thin, discoidal, rapidly expanding in circumference, with
very slight increase in thickness; sides flat, and dorsum [abdomen] narrowly rounded.
Umbilicus small, abrupt, exposing very little of the inner whorls. Volutions
expanding dorso-ventrally with very little increase transversely; the outer ones fully
embracing the inner ones, flattened on the sides from the umbilicus to the middle
of the superior lateral saddles, from which a flat depression extends to the margin of
the rounded dorsum [abdomen].

The septa are of the Aganides type; ventral lobe linguiform, narrow,
twice as long as wide; lateral lobe broad, shallow, and pointed; ventral
saddle broader than the ventral lobe and of the same length; superior
lateral saddle broader than the ventral saddle, narrow, and rounded at the
extremity; second lateral saddle broadly rounded. Internal septa consist-
ing of an antisiphonal lobe and a pair of similar laterals.

This form is evidently transitional from <Aganides to Gonioloboceras ;
it isa typical Aganides on the younger part of the shell, but the ventral
lobe seems to be divided on the last whorl. ;

Occurrence.—Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard,
Ky. Type in the paleontologic collection, Walker Museum, University of

Chicago.

GONIOLOBOCERAS. 15

GONIOLOBOCERAS WELLERI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XX, fies. 9-11; Pl. XXI, figs. 1-6.

This species was at first thought by the writer to be identical with
G. goniolobum Meek, but it has the sides somewhat more flattened, is more
compressed laterally, and at maturity has the venter narrow, angular, and
slightly furrowed; also the ventral saddle is not notched, but has a tongue-
shaped forward extension. In G. goniolobum the siphonal saddle is narrow,
in G. welleri it is broad and rounded. These differences may be due to
individual variation or to incorrect drawing of Meek’s type; but none of
the specimens before the writer varied in these respects.

The adolescent stage (figured on Pl. XX, figs. 9-11) of a young shell,
broken out of a mature specimen from Graham, Tex., shows the characters
of Muensteroceras, and proves that the genus is derived from a typical
member of the Glyphioceratidee, for the shape of the shell, the wide
umbilicus, flattened sides, broadly rounded abdomen, constrictions, and
the septa all agree with that genus.

The shell is smooth, compressed, with flattened sides and narrow
rounded venter at early maturity; angular and slightly furrowed at a later
stage. The umbilicus is very narrow, showing none of the inner whorls; the
whorl is involute, deeply embracing, indented to more than one-third of its
height by the preceding whorl. Surface smooth, devoid of constrictions,
ribs, or other ornaments. The septa are angular and sinuous, showing the
general character of the Glyphioceratidx. Internal septa show the charac-
teristic sharp antisiphonal lobe and the tongue-shaped internal lateral on
each side, as do all typical members of the Glyphioceratidee.

Occurrence.-—Vhe first specimen of this species was seen by the writer
in the paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, University of
Chicago, from the Upper Coal Measures of Montgomery County, Il. The
only other specimens known are from the Upper Coal Measures, Cisco
formation, of Graham, Young County, 'l’ex., where they were collected by
A. B. Gant. Other specimens are in the private collection of the late
Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, in the U.S. National Museum, and in the private
collection of the writer, obtained on a recent visit to Graham. ‘The genus
Milleroceras of Hyatt is probably only the young of Gonzoloboceras, but
not enough specimens are known at present to determine this.

126 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The specific name is given in honor of Dr. Stuart Weller, of the Uni-
versity of Chicago.

The type is figured on Pl. XXI, figs. 1 and 2. It was presented to

c ] fo) ’ f=) ]
the writer by Dr. Gant, and was collected from the Cisco formation, Upper
J u ’ I

Coal Measures, of Graham, Tex. It is in the writer’s collection in the
Leland Stanford Junior University, California.

Genus DimorpHoceras Hyatt.

The type of this genus” was Goniatites gilbertsoni Phillips. All the
species are rather compressed, involute, smooth shells, with narrow
umbilicus. The surface is ornamented only by, the curved cross striz of
growth. The ventral lobe is divided by a deep, notched, siphonal saddle,
and the two lobes thus formed are divided a second time, giving a pair of
short, narrow ventral lobes on each side of the abdomen. On the middle
of the flank there is a deeper, pointed lateral lobe, and another on the
umbilical shoulder. Inside, concealed by the involution, is a tongue-
shaped antisiphonal lobe, flanked on each side by a pointed lateral. Thus
there are three internal lobes, six external, and a pair on the umbilical
shoulders, eleven in all. This is the same number as in Paralegoceras,
but of different character. Im Puaralegoceras the multiplication of lobes
takes place within the umbilical border, but in Dimorphoceras the internal
number is normal and the extra pair of lobes is formed by division of
the ventral lobes. This genus probably comes from Gonioloboceras, by
secondary division of the external lobes.

Occurrence.—Dimorphoceras occurs in Europe in the Lower Carbonif-
erous and the Coal Measures; in America it is known only from the
Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, near Graham, Young County,
Tex., the specimen described in this paper being the only one known to be
in any collection.

DimokPHOCERAS TEXANUM Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XX, figs. 12-15.
Shell discoidal, compressed, invelute, with narrow umbilicus, flattened
} ’ b)
sides, and greatest breadth at the umbilical shoulders. Venter narrow,

flattened, angular, and slightly furrowed at maturity, but rounded in

«A, Hyatt, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 331.

MILLEROCERAS. RG

youth. The surface is free from sculpture and ornamented only with lines
of growth.

The septa consist of a ventral lobe, divided by a broad, notched siphonal
saddle, and the pair of external lobes thus formed are divided a second time
by a narrow, spatulate saddle; a broad, pointed lateral lobe, and another
somewhat similar on the umbilical shoulder. Inside the involution there
is a long, narrow, tongue-shaped antisiphonal lobe, flanked by a pair of
shorter laterals. There are thus six external lobes, a pair on the umbilical
shoulders, aud three internal, eleven in all. This is the number possessed
by Paralegoceras, but in that genus the division of lobes takes place on the
dorsal side, inside the umbilicus, while in Dimorphoceras it takes place on
the ventral side.

Dimensions of specimen figured.
Millimeters.

IDG e enn Sancbenoé S Sabo Saat Se eae ene ae Se naa eae ie ee 54
EEG ki Sivoo. b> 52 ha gees . Soe ee eno ose Sa oe aaa seer
Heichtion lastawhorldronuuberprecedinp res -- osama ans ee = = aes -el=ae 22
Wid thnotlastamimonler es pertacrer ar taker Ant a5 fens jadem sneha se seu ce ete 13
TTR OLUT OLE ee ee etree are eee ete ee SoS 2s So AaS veko ote cere nates 10
Wiigichilen cohiouen alle oyek Se. Sa ae oe i Hele eee ne tee oS noise eee eS 3

This specimen was septate throughout, and if the body chamber added
three-fourths of a volution, the complete diameter must have been not less
than 100 mm.

Occurrence-—Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, west of Mars Hill,
near Graham, Young County, Tex., collected by A. B. Gant. The type is
in the private collection of the late Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, of Cambridge,
Mass., to whose kindness the writer owes the use of the specimen.

Genus Miuieroceras ? Hyatt.
MILLEROCERAS PARRISHI Miller and Gurley.
Pl. XVI, figs. 6-8.

1894. Goniatites sp. indet., C. R. Keyes, Geol. Survey Missouri, Vol. V, Pt. VII,
124, LV, fig. IM
1896. Goniatites parrishi, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 36, Pl. IV, figs. 6-8.
1900. Milleroceras parrishi, A. Hyatt, Cephalopoda, 1900, p. 550.
This species is the type of Hyatt’s supposedly new genus Milleroceras,
which he assigned to the Primordialidee. The writer has examined the
type, in the paleontologic collection of the University of Chicago, and is con-

128 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

vineed that it is merely the young of some member of the Glyphiocera-
tide, probably either (ronioloboceras or Dimorphoceras. At any rate, the
occurrence of the Primordialidee in the Upper Coal Measures is extremely
unlikely, since that family is not known above the Devonian.

Upper Coal Measures, Kansas City, Mo.

Supertamily ARCHSTID 4.

The ontogeny of but few of the Paleozoic forms assigned to the Arces-

Occurrence.

tidze has been investigated, but Triassic species show in their adolescent
stages strong resemblances to some of these, and enable us to piece out their
history.

The genera thought to represent the Arcestidze in the American Carbon-
iferous are Agathiceras, Popanoceras, Shumardites, and Waagenoceras. Haug"
has placed the first with the Glyphioceratide, and the second with the
Agoniatitidze, leaving only Waagenoceras as an undoubted representative of
the Arcestidee. This classification, however, is based purely on resemblances
of adults, hence the writer has preferred to follow Karpinsky, whose classi-
fication seems to agree more closely with the facts brought out by the
writer’s investigation of the ontogeny of Shumardites, Arcestes, and Parapo-
panoceras. Also the supposed species of Agathiceras, on which Haug’s opinion
was based, is shown in the present paper to be a Schistoceras, and to belong
to the Glyphioceratidee. Hyatt’ classed Popanoceras under the Prolecanitidee,
with which group, as now understood, it has manifestly no kinship. In his
most recent work Hyatt® classed Popanoceras in the family Popanoceratidee
along with Waagenoceras under the superfamily Arcestida.

In the Paleozoic Arcestidee may be found at least two families with
characteristics in common that point to a common origin in the gastrioceran
‘branch of the Glyphioceratidee, but with sufficient differences to make prob-
able their derivation from different genera. Agathiceras, Adrianites, Popan-
oceras, Stacheoceras, and possibly Doryceras and Clinolobus all seem to be
nearly related, and form a transition from the goniatitic Paralegoceras,
through Agathiceras, into genuine ammonites characterized by a trizenidian
development of the lobes. Hyatt has classed some of these genera under
the group Popanoceratidee, which term is here used for this branch of the

Arcestes-like forms.

>

«Etudes sur les Goniatites. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 337. ¢Cephalopoda, p. 564.

ARCESTID®. 129

Shumardites, Waagenoceras, Cyclolobus, and Hyattoceras have phylloid
development of the septa, and are unlike the Popanoceratidie in general
characters. K. A. von Zittel has classed some of these under the group
Cyelolobidee, which term is here retained as a family name for the Paleo-
zoic Arcestidee with phylloid septa. The writer has observed in Shumar-
dites a transition from Schistoceras; and in Schistoceras a development from
Gastrioceras, through Paralegoceras. This family is, therefore, undoubtedly
derived from the gastrioceran branch of the Glyphioceratidee.

It is not possible, at present, to determine which of these families gave
rise to the typical Arcestidee of the Trias, but the writer is inclined to the
opinion that they came from the Cyclolobide. The young stages of some
Arcestes, however, show a strong resemblance to Adrianites, and both
branches may be represented among them. Popanoceras, at any rate, still
persisted until the middle Trias, with its characters little changed, and may
very well have given rise to a number of the genera commonly assigned to
Arcestes; this genus then would prove to be polyphyletic, and the sub
genera into which it is divided would be given full generic rank.

The oldest of the Arcestidee, Popanoceras, has been found in the Mid-
dle Coal Measures, while Agathiceras, from which it is supposed to have
been derived, is not known below the Upper Coal Measures. Agathiceras
probably came from either Paralegoceras or Schistoceras, although the latter
genus is not known at present to antedate it. But in Gastrioceras, Parale-
goceras, Schistoceras, Shumardites, Waagenoceras we have a line of descent in
which the geologic sequence, the transitions of the adult forms, and the
individual ontogeny are all in perfect accord.

Since these Arcestidze are so well represented in the American Coal
Measures, and are unknown elsewhere in the world below the Permian,
they may be considered as having originated in the American region, and
to have reached the rest of the world afterwards by migration.

Suess” years ago formulated the hypothesis that the appearance of
ammonites in the Mediterranean region at the beginning of Permian time
marked an invasion of tropical forms from a supposed southern region.
But the evidence brought forward in this paper shows clearly that the
Arcestidze need not have come from this supposed southern region, espe-
cially as we do not know anywhere in southern Paleozoic deposits members

® Antlitz der Erde, Vol. II. p. 516.

MON XLII—02——9

130 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

of the Arcestidze older than the Permian. Karpinsky“ has shown that
Medlicottia came directly trom Pronorites, which is known in the Lower
Jarboniferous in both Europe and America. Thus the whole argument
for a Permian migration from the Southern to the Northern Hemisphere
falls to the ground.

The Paleozoic Cyclolobidee are known at present only in Texas, the
Mediterranean region, and in India. The Paleozoic Popanoceratide are
known in these regions (with the exception of India), in the Ural
Mountains in Russia, and one form, Agathiceras ? micromphalum Morris, has
been described from the Permian of Australia. But since both stocks
appear in the Coal Measures of America, and since their ancestor, Paralegoc-
eras, is known, in America, even in the Lower Carboniferous, both Cyclo-
lobidee and Popanoceratidze probably originated in the American waters
and reached the rest of the world by migration at a later date. Their
differences of distribution do not, therefore, argue for climatic differences,
but rather for greater hardihood of the Popanoceratidee, which is borne out
by the fact not only that they migrated as far from their point of origin as
Russia on the one side and Australia on the other, but also that they
persisted with but little change as late as the Middle Trias.

Family POPANOCERATIDZ.
Genus AGATHICERAS Gemmellaro.

To the writer it seems wiser to keep Agathiceras separate from Adri-
anites, because the former is a more primitive type, even though there
should be a perfect gradation between the two groups. ‘Two American
species of Schistoceras have been placed under <Agathiceras; but those
species differ from the type in having an extra pair of lateral lobes, and in
not possessing the unusually strong development of the spiral lines, so
characteristic of all species of Agathiceras. Another characteristic worth
noting is that in Schistoceras the lobes and saddles are long, pointed, and
tongue-shaped, while in Agathiceras they are short and spatulate.

«Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 86.

AGATHICERAS. 131

AGATHICERAS CISCOENSE Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXI, figs. 17-19.

In the U. 8. National Museum is deposited a specimen that meets all
the requirements of the genus Agathiceras, the type of A. ciscoense sp. nov.

This species is rather high-whorled, with rounded venter and flattened
sides. The umbilicus is closed, and thus narrower than in Paralegoceras
and Schistoceras. The surface has constrictions, and is ornamented with very
strong spiral lines or ridges narrower than the intermediate furrows, as
in European species of this genus. It, however, lacks the network of fine
cross lines of growth seen on Schistoceras, and this difference may turn out
to be one of the criteria for the separation of the two genera.

The septa resemble those of Schistoceras in number and general shape,
but the lobes are rounded and not pointed. The siphonal saddle is
notched. The four lateral saddles are rounded and entire, spatulate in
shape, while the four external lobes are constricted and tongue shaped.

This species resembles A. swessi Gemmellaro, of the Permian Fusulina
limestone of Sicily, but is slightly more compressed. his difference might
not be more than individual if the association and range of the two were
the same, but in view of the great separation and differences in faunal
association it must be specific. A. wralicum occurs in the Upper Carbon-
iferous limestone of the Ural Mountains, but does not resemble A. ciscoense
except in a general way.

Occurrence—In the Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, of Graham,
Young County, Tex., associated with a typical Missourian fauna. Only
a single specimen is known, deposited in the U. 8S. National Museum
(No. 27199), collected by A. B. Gant.

Dimensions of the specimen figured:

Millimeters.

DIAMETER Acs oe elaca Jacicia= oe ects ees eee Ree Ce eEe oe EEO ae Sento ae oe eee SOP OD
Hemhtomlast wNhonlessan 2 ee ane a eee es reece ec ecice ane ceelae aolgs age remioee 19
Heioht of last whorlitrom! thejpreceding =o. 2. = semis = le eee ieee ee 12
War diihwotelastawy 0.O0lmeen semen e tater eee me eice Reet 5 yen Sree eee p clei matsisi= eleicte 14
hae Lent] OTe ee ee OE arrose earn ae So ha lee eit tem ie Soiefaverosiesisleateeieiarate 7

WAT HROL UMNO UICUSH ate eeae seme mc or aceon a eie = ease nites Seen caso (closed )

132 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Genus Popanoceras Hyatt.

This genus was established by Hyatt" to include involute, slightly
compressed forms, with almost closed umbilicus and little sculpture. The
saddles are rounded and entire; the external lobes, four or more in number
on each side, are serrated, either bifid or trifid.

The type is Goniatites kingianus M. V.K., from the Artinsk beds of the
Permian of the Ural Mountains. Several Triassic species have usually
been classed under this group, but they are now placed under Parapopa-
noceras Haug, which differs from Popanoceras in having the lobes distinctly

serrated, with the denticulations encroaching on the saddles.
PoOPANOCERAS GANTI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXI, figs. 14-16.

This species is involute, with broadly rounded venter and slightly flat-
tened sides, very involute and close-coiled, with umbilicus almost closed.
The shell has fine cross lines of growth, slightly curved forward, and five
sharply defined, backward-curving constrictions on the last whorl, parallel
to the cross strie. The septa are typical of Popanoceras, and are divided
into numerous lobes and saddles. The external lobes are five in number
on each side, and the internal are five on each side, with an undivided
antisiphonal. The saddles are all rounded and entire, the lobes all
denticulate. The external lobe is short and bifid, the lateral lobes all trifid.
The siphonal saddle is notched by a shallow indentation. The shape and
number of the internal lobes could be seen, but it could not be ascertained
whether or not they are denticulate.

Affinities —Popanoceras ganti resembles slightly P. parkeri Heilprin, but
differs from it in being somewhat more compressed laterally in the shorter
lobes and saddles, and in having the first lateral lobe trifid instead of
bifid. It is thus a more specialized form than P. parkeri, but simpler than
P. walcotti White of the Permian, from which form it differs in the smaller
number and greater simplicity of its lobes. It may possibly be an inter-
mediate form in the genetic series of P. parkeri and P. walcotti. This

“Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, p. 387.

POPANOCERAS. 133:

species has only a generic resemblance to the forms from the Ural
Mountains and the Fusulina limestone of Sicily, all of which belong to the
Permian, and are therefore usually more complex in development.

Dimensions of the figured specimen:

Millimeters.

IDIGINNAIG -cadd cobb etee a een Eee Cee oe ee ne eae ee eae 25
inkerelone On TEED Wilner, 3555556 6 AEE See ce ae ees AEE E eee cE sc eres” hee eee ae 14.5
Meighiomlastamnonutrom) the preceding. -.-..2o2222- 0 cess eee ae eee 6.5
WIGUDEGHASUANOULrmAse sos <r. 2 ea 8 es ee eee 16
(iyo lutions ese yetse eae cee eck ks cencisjse Ep ese aoa ooo ee 8
AN AGUiLa} ait Teen OUND See 5a ee en eee 5 a Ses eee epee Lets)

This form is more globose and primitive than most of the described
species of this genus, and it is next to the oldest known member of
Popanoceras, the oldest being P. parkeri of the Middle Coal Measures.

Occurrence—Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, Graham, Young
County, Tex., collected by A. B. Gant. Type No. 27202 in the U.S.
National Museum.

PoPANOCERAS PARKERI Heilprin.
PE XV tic 21.
1884. Ammonites parkeri, A. Heilprin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, p. 53,
figs. 1 and 2.
1889. Popanoceras parker’, A. Karpinsky, Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, p. 75.

Shell subglobose involute, abdomen rounded, sides somewhat flattened,
whorls high and deeply embracing.

Septa divided into numerous lobes and saddles; the lobes are all
digitate, the saddles entire and rounded, except the siphonal saddle, which
is notched. Ventral lobe long and bifid; first lateral lobe like the ventral,
but shorter and broader; second lateral tripartite, and broader than the
first; third lateral on the umbilical shoulders.

Occurrence.—Middle Coal Measures, Strawn formation, Wise County,
Tex. F. Frech® refers to these beds as Permian, but they are some
distance below the Cisco formation, and associated not with a Permian
fauna, but with undoubted Coal Measures species. The Strawn formation
lies several thousand feet below the Wichita Permian.

@Die Dyas, p. 510.

134 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

PopaNOCcERAS WALCOTTI White.
Pl. XXII, figs. 9-11.
1889. Popanoceras walcotti, C. A. White, Am. Nat., Vol. XXIII, p. 117, Pl. I,
figs. 9-11.
1891. Popanoceras waleotti, C. A. White, Bull. U. 5. Geol. Survey No. 77, p. 21,
Pl. I, figs. 9-11.
The following description is quoted from Dr. White’s paper:

Shell discoid, periphery rounded; sides gently convex, the inner volutions
almost wholly embraced by the next preceding one, and umbilici are consequently
minute. Surface marked with numerous slightly raised and slightly sinuous radiat-
ing ridges, apparently indicating stages of growth, which extend continuously from
one umbilicus to the other across the periphery; septa showing numerous short lobes
and saddles, the former [the saddles] being simple and regularly rounded at the ends
and the latter [the lobes] more or less notched or pointed at the extremity. Those
near the periphery have sometimes three digitations, and those near the umbilicus
are simple and more or less pointed.

The specimen had diameter of about 26 mm. and was entirely septate,
hence the body chamber and aperture are unknown.

Occurrence.—Permian, military crossing of the Big Wichita River,
Baylor County, Tex.

Family CYCLOLOBIDZE.

Genus SHUMARDITES Smith, gen. nov.

The type is Shumardites simondsi, sp. nov. Form subglobose, rather
evolute, whorls highly arched, helmet-shaped, deeply embracing. Abdo-
men broadly rounded, sloping in a gentle curve to the abrupt umbilical
shoulders. Umbilicus broad and deep, exposing the shoulders of the inner
whorls. Surface nearly smooth, except for a few obscure constrictions and
traces of ribs on the umbilical border.

Septa complex, divided into numerous lobes and saddles; saddles all
rounded and constricted, lobes partly bifid, and becoming slightly ammo-
nitic. Ventral lobe divided by a bottle-shaped siphonal saddle, the two
lobes thus formed being unsymmetrically divided by a rather deep cleft;
first lateral lobe similarly divided; second lateral lobe mucronate and
tending to become trifid; third lateral lobe slightly divided; fourth lateral
lobe on the umbilical shoulder, narrow and pointed; a fifth lobe stands
on the umbilieal border. Internal septa complex, consisting of a trifid

SHUMARDITES. i355

antisiphonal lobe, bifid first lateral lobe, and undivided second lateral lobe.
Internal saddles rounded like the external.

In youth the form of the whorls is gastrioceran, like Gastrioceras
globulosum Meek and Worthen, and G. subcavum Miller and Gurley; the
constrictions, form of the whorls, and the obscure traces of umbilical nodes
all point to a gastrioceran ancestor, but the septa show a transition to the
primitive Arcestidee. A small specimen showed gastrioceran characters at
diameter of 7 mm., and those of Schistoceras at diameter of about 10 mm.,
but the transition to Shumardites takes place very quickly toward maturity.

In form this genus is a goniatite, but the septa have already made the
transition to the ammonite stage of development; it might be placed with
the Glyphioceratidee, because of the gradation’ through Gastrioceras,
Paralegoceras, and Schistoceras; but it is the most primitive of the Arcestes-
like forms, and might with equal propriety be classed with the Arcestidee.
The nearest known genus is Hyattoceras Gemmellaro, of the Sicilian
Permian, but Shwnardites has simpler septa than that genus, and may very
possibly be the ancestor of it. The arrangement and shape of the lobes in
Waagenoceras and other similar genera show that they have developed out
of some genus like Shwmardites. Now, since Cyclolobus, Waagenoceras, and
Hyattoceras all show a common ancestry in Shumardites or in some similar
form, it is proper to group them all under the family Cyclolobide of Zittel,
but excluding from this family the genera Lobites, Stacheoceras, Popanoceras,
Procladiscites, Megaphyllites, and Monophyllites. Since Adrianites, Popan-
oceras, and Stacheoceras all seem to have been derived from Agathiceras, it
is proper to class them under the family Popanoceratide of Hyatt. Both
families together would make up the Paleozoic superfamily Arcestide.
But a single species of Shumardites is known, S. simondsi sp. nov., of the
Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, or Missourian stage, of Graham,
Young County, Tex. The generic name is given in honor of Dr. B. F.
Shumard, the first State geologist of Texas.

SHUMARIDITES SIMONDSI Smith, sp. noy.
Pl. III, figs. 3-13.

Shell subglobose, breadth equal to more than two-thirds of the diame-
ter; evolute; whorls highly arched, helmet-shaped, twice as wide as high,

136 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

deeply embracing, covering two-thirds of the inner volution, and indented
to one-half of its height by the inner whorl. Abdomen broadly rounded
in a curve that extends almost unchanged to the angular and steep umbilical
shoulders. Umbilicus about one-third of the total diameter, deep, and
exposing the umbilical shoulders of the inner whorls.

Surface smooth, so far as could be observed on the cast, except that a
few constrictions are visible, more common on the inner whorls.

Septa of the lanceolate type, saddles rounded and constricted, lobes
also constricted, and pointed. Ventral lobe divided by a notched siphonal
saddle not quite so broad as the two divisions of the lobe. The ventral
lobe is unsymmetrically divided by a deep cleft or adventitious saddle;
the first lateral lobe is smaller than the ventral and is divided in the same
unsymmetric way; the second lateral lobe is slightly larger than the first,
and is mucronate in shape, showing a tendency to become tripartite; the
third lateral lobe is similar to the first, except that it is the reverse of it.
A fifth lobe, or auxiliary, sharply pointed and rather long, stands on the
umbilical shoulder.

The internal septa consist of a tripartite antisiphonal lobe, a bifid first
lateral, and a simple second lateral, with a small auxiliary on the umbilical
border.

The siphonal saddle is nearly as broad as the ventral lobes, the first
lateral saddle is still broader, while the second and third laterals are nar-
row; the fourth lateral, just above the umbilical shoulder, is broad and
short.

The lobes are not arranged in a straight line across the sides, but in a
backward-pointing curve, which would suggest that the lateral lobes are
secondary, and have developed out of a single primary lobe; this is borne
out by the ontogeny of the species.

Ontogeny.—At the diameter of 7 mm. the whorl is depressed, trapezoidal,
and scarcely arched. The cast is marked by frequent deep and curved
constrictions, and the septa, as shown on PI. III, fig. 7, are gastrioceran,
although the lateral lobe is beginning to become tripartite. This is the
gastrioceran stage.

- At diameter of 12 mm. the ventral lobes have become much longer,
and the lateral is divided into three nearly equal secondary lobes; at this
stage the whorl is more highly arched, and the stage is transitional from
Paralegoceras to Schistoceras. ‘The septa of this are shown on PI. III, fig. 8.

SHUMARDITES. 137

At diameter of 16 mm. (one-half revolution more than at 12 mm.) the
three secondary lobes have ceased to show their origin, and are arranged
in a gentle curve across the sides, no longer corresponding to the shape of
the original lateral. The whorls begin to be more highly arched, and the
stage corresponds to Schistoceras. Tue septa at this stage are shown on
Jed WOU nes Se

At diameter of 22 mm. (one-half revolution more than at 16 mm.)
the ventral lobe begins to be divided unsymmetrically by a secondary
saddle or notch; the first lateral is affected in the same way; the second
lateral becomes strongly mucronate; the third lateral tends to become
notched, like the ventral and first lateral. The saddles are all still rounded
at this stage; the form of the whorl is as before, and the shell is making
the transition from goniatite to ammonite, from the Glyphioceratidie to
the Arcestide; or from a distinctly Paleozoic type to an harbinger of the
Mesozoic era. The septa at this stage are shown on PI. III, fig. 10, and the
form of the whorl is shown on PI. III, figs. 5 and 6, which may be con-
sidered as the end of the adolescent, or paraneanic, period.

At diameter of 88 mm. (one-half revolution more than at 22 mm.) the
ventral lobe is deeply divided on the side toward the umbilicus; the first
lateral similarly divided, but reversed; the second lateral slightly tripartite;
the third lateral like the first, but reversed. The saddles are deeply con-
stricted, and the general appearance of the lobes is phylloid, and suggestive
of Waagenoceras and Hyattoceras, of which genera Shumardites is probably
the ancestor. The septa of this, the adult, stage are shown on PI. IT], fig.
11, and the form on PI. II], figs. 12 and 13.

The ancestry of Shumardites is clearly seen inits successive stages through
Gastrioceras, Paralegoceras, Schistoceras, and its transition at maturity into
the primitive Arcestes type. That it is primitive is shown by the fact that
it makes this transition at such a large size (20 mm. in diameter), while all
the Permian and Triassic forms make this transition shortly after their
larval period, and at a very small size, thus illustrating the law of accelera-
tion of development.

No other species is known with which Shumardites simondst may be
compared, for this type has not been found in the Paleozoic deposits of
other regions.

Occurrence.—In the Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, Missourian

138 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

stage, of Graham, Young County, Tex., associated with Gastrioceras glo-
bulosum Meek and Worthen, G. subcavwm Miller and Gurley, Schistoceras
hildrethi Morton, S. hyatti Smith, Gonioloboceras welleri Smith, Dimorphoceras
texvanum Smith, Agathiceras ciscoense Smith, Schuchertites grahami Smith,
Popanoceras ganti Smith, and a typical brachiopod and pelecypod Coal
Measures fauna. The beds in which these fossils were obtained lie about
a thousand feet below the Wichita Permian beds. This is a remarkable
assemblage of ammonites to be found below the Permian, but it will be
noted, by reference to the plates accompanying this paper, that they are all
primitive or transitional forms, such as one would expect to find in the
Upper Coal Measures.

The type figured on PI. III, figs. 11-13, was collected by the writer in
the Cisco beds on Salt Creek, in the outskirts of Graham, Tex. Dimen-

sions of the type:

Milimeter.

Diameter; About»: Scks2. As 5 Mee ee rec Sie. o o/c Ee te ee ne eee ogee 38
Height of lastiwihor) isso) soe ater Seta ates ate apa at = rete ree Ae) te pcre 14
Height of last whorl from the preceding=-.--.......-2-.2.-22:---- Pee ea Sa EN 2 7
\Watshilor oye Wer Wael os ace econ see PS Sas ad cand on xe LARS SS OEE EEE Ee 26
16mhi{0) Lino) ea eee eS Oo OL eel ee eC yess: 2 et Se aa eee ae 24
Width ofumibilieus:. 2s. sess seater ae ease Se ee ee See eee ee tem emasts tert 14

The type is in the collection of the writer, deposited in the geologic
collection of Leland Stanford Junior University, California.

In the U.S. National Museum are three specimens (two of 27203 and
one of 27201), which were also used in preparing the diagnosis of the genus
and species, and in illustrating the development of the septa.

The specific name is given in honor of Prof. F. W. Simonds, of Austin,
Mex.

Genus WAAGENOCERAS Gemmellaro.

This is the most complex of American Paleozoic ammonoids, and the
only one that in the strictest sense may be said to have developed entirely
beyond the limits of the goniatites and to have become a true ammonite in
all its characters.

All known species of this genus have a compact Arcestes-like shape,
with rounded whorl and moderately narrow umbilicus. The septa are com-
plex, ammonitic and phylloid, the lobes and saddles numerous, and all
digitate. The internal divisions are almost as numerous as the external, in

this respect strongly resembling Arcestes.

WAAGENOCERAS. 139

The shell is smooth, except for the transverse strize of growth and the
periodic constrictions on sulcations. This genus was first described by
Gemmellaro® from the Permian of Sicily, and has been found elsewhere
only in Texas; it seems to be lacking in the Productus limestone of the
Salt Range of India, and in the Hungarites beds of the Upper Permian of
Armenia. On this account some writers have been inclined to regard
Waagenoceras as a southern genus. But the evidence brought forward in
this paper shows that it probably developed in the American region from
the gastrioceran stock of the Glyphioceratidee, in the genetic series Gastrio-
ceras, Paralegoceras, Schistoceras, Shumardites, Waagenoceras.

The phylliform septa, the globose whorls, and the constrictions all show
that the genus could not have been derived from the Popanoceratide, in
which the septa are never phylliform, and the whorls usually laterally com-
pressed. Shwmardites, described in this paper, shows an approach to Waagen-
oceras, in the form of the whorls, the constrictions, and the beginning of
phylliform digitation of the septa, and through this genus the family history
can readily be traced back to Gastrioceras.

W AAGENOCERAS CuMMINSI White.
Pl. XXII, figs. 4-8.

1889. Ptychites cummins, C. A. White, Am. Nat., Vol. XXIII, p. 117, Pl. 1,
figs. 4-8.
1891. Waagenoceras cumminsi, C. A. White, Bull. U. 5. Geol. Survey No. 77,
p- 20, Pl. I, figs. 4-8.
1901. Popanoceras (yattites) cummins’, F. Frech, Die Dyas, p. 512, figs. 3 and 4.
Shell subglobose somewhat compressed laterally, with broadly rounded
venter. Umbilicus rather deep and narrow, with small portion of the inner
whorls showing. Cross section of whorl helmet-shaped, with greatest
breadth at one-third of the height from the umbilical shoulders. Shell
nearly smooth, with fine cross strive, and fine spiral lines occasionally
visible. Septa complex, the numerous lobes and saddles being all digitate;
the siphonal lobe is deeply divided by a rather narrow siphonal saddle, the
lateral lobes are three in number, and in addition to these there are three

auxiliaries.

«Fauna cale. Fusulina, p. 9.

140 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

The species seems to have reached a diameter of at least 50 mm., but
only fragments of the larger ones have been found. The nearest known
relative is Waagenoceras stachei Gemmellaro, from the Permian Fusulina
limestone of Sicily.

Occurrence and locality —Permian, Wichita stage, military crossing of
the Big Wichita River, Baylor County, Tex.

WAAGENOCERAS HILLI Smith, sp. nov.
Pl. XXVII.

This species is more compressed laterally than Waagenoceras cumminsi
White, has narrower umbilicus, and higher whorl, but the whorls are less
deeply embracing, the involution being less than one-half of the height of
the whorl. There are five sinuous constrictions on the last revolution,
which bend sharply backward on the abdomen. The surface is otherwise
smooth, so far as can be ascertained from the casts.

The septa are much more complex than on W. cumminsi at the same
size, the lobes and saddles are all deeply divided; the saddles are phylli-
form, with three leaf-like divisions; the lobes are digitate, with three prin-
cipal finger-like extensions, resembling the septa of Phylloceras, and being
more complex than those of any other species yet known of Waagenoceras.
There are seven lobes visible outside of the umbilicus, the ventral, five
laterals, and one on the umbilical shoulder, being one less than is seen on
the species described by Gemmellaro“ from the Permian of Sicily. The
agreement with that genus is not perfect, but the Texas species is nearer
to that than to any other, and the differences are hardly sufficient for the
discrimination even of a subgenus.

Dimensions of the figured specimen.
d JU vi

Millimeters.
Diameter: j= Teese ssioe «see We aelsia cients = 4 ole 55 5 See eieeemeriae cise 98
Heightvotlastiwhorl 2220.43 aaa estas enc Se = Sans See er re ee 53
Height otlast whorl from thetprecedingee- >= 25-44 eeeeee eee seen eee a 31
Whidthyofdast whorl. 42 =. so0 3a eects oes s 2 cic nic koe A ree else ete are 48
Involubionve ss acces < ss wrt Se eee Coe ns aes 5. Scie Ae ee eee toe eters 22
Waodthy of inibilicus) ses. 2 2 2 as seeece se 2s a sis: cree Ce ee Scene 10

This specimen was septate throughout, so the length of the body
chamber, and the full size of the shell could not be determined; but in the

“Fauna cale. Fusulina, pp. 9-12.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 141

Arcestide the length of the body chamber is at least a revolution, and this
would almost double the size of the complete form.

None of the species described by Gemmellaro are comparable with this
one; they are all more depressed and have less complicated digitation of
the lobes and saddles. The septa bear a greater resemblance to Hyattoceras
Gemmellaro,” but that genus has the umbilicus entirely closed and lacks
the constrictions or varices; also its saddles, while phylliform, are distinctly
bipartite and not tripartite as in Waagenoceras hill.

Occurrence.— Waagenoceras hilli was collected by W. F. Cummins in the
Double Mountain formation, Upper Permian, at the falls on Salt Croton
Creek, Kent County, Tex., associated with Popanoceras, Medlicottia, and
other forms possibly identical with those described by Dr. C. A. White’
from the Wichita division. The type specimen was loaned the writer by
the late Prof. Alpheus Hyatt.

The name is given in honor of Mr. R. T. Hill, of the U.S. Geological
Survey, in recognition of his contributions to the geology of Texas.

SPECTES NOT GENERICALLY IDENTIFIED.

GONIATITES? COLUBRELLUS Morton.

1836. Ammonites colubrellus, S. G. Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st series, Vol. X XIX,
p- 154, pl. 28, figs. 49 and 51.
Shell discoidal, evolute, numerous convex volutions, laterally com-
pressed. Three or four constrictions to a revolution.
Occurrence —Upper Coal Measures, Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio.

GONIATITES? MINIMUS Shumard.
1860. Goniatites minimus Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 200.

Shell subglobose, involute, deeply embracing; breadth equal to three-
fourths of diameter. Abdomen and sides strongly rounded. Umbilicus
minute, not showing the inner whorls. Surface ornamented with exceed-
ingly fine spiral lines; and obscure nodes, visible on the umbilical shoulders.

Occurrence—Middle Coal Measures, near Dovers Landing, Missouri.

«Fauna eale. Fusulina, p. 12. > Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey No. 77.

142 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

GoNIATITES? PARVUS Shumard.

1860. Goniatites parvus, B. F. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 199.
Shell discoidal, moderately compressed, strongly embracing, the inner
whorls being concealed by the outer. Umbilicus very small. Abdomen
strongly arched, sides gently convex; whorl higher than wide. Surface
marked with a few obscure folds, strongest near the aperture.
Occurrence.—Upper Coal Measures, Willow Spring, on Santa Fé road,
Kansas.
GoniaTITEs ? poLITus Shumard.

1860. Goniatites politus, B. F. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 199.
Shell very much compressed laterally, thin, discoidal, involute, deeply
embracing, the inner whorls being concealed by the outer. Abdomen
strongly rounded, smooth; sides evenly and gently convex, greatest thickness
being about the middle of the whorl. Surface marked with obscure, sinuous
folds and minute strize of growth, crossed by fine spiral lines.
Occurrence.—Middle Coal Measures, Lexington, Mo.

SPECIES NAMED BUT NOT DESCRIBED.
GONIATITES ? SULCIFERUS Winchell.

1862. Goniatites sulciferus A. Winchell, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII,
p- 365:
No description given, but the suggestion is made that it may be a
variety of ‘“Goniatites” propinquus Winchell.
Occurrence—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Marshall forma-
tion, Marshall, Mich.

SPECIES NOT AMMONOIDS.
‘¢ AMMONITES” BELLICOSUS Morton.

1836. Ammonites bellicosus, S. G. Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., Ist series, Vol. X- XIX,
Palos el Ue io Ns:
This species is probably a nautiloid, but can not be determined.
Occurrence—Upper Coal Measures, Cambridge, Guernsey County,

Ohio.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 143

SYSTEMATIC POSITION DOUBTFUL.
Family NEOICOCERATID 2.
Genus Neorcoceras Hyatt.
NEOICOCERAS ELKHORNENSE Miller and Gurley.
Plate XVI, figs. 9-11.

1896. Goniatites dkhornensis, Miller and Gurley, Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist.
No. 11, p. 37, Pl. IV, figs. 9-11.
1900, Weorcoceras elkhornense, A. Hyatt, Cephalopoda, p. 550.

This species was taken by Hyatt as the type of a new genus and
family of goniatites; the writer has examined the type specimen in the
paleontologic collection of the Walker Museum, University of Chicago, and
is of the opinion that it is not an ammonoid at all, but a nautiloid.

Occurrence.—Middle Coal Measures, Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.

144

Table of the species.

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Lower Carboniferous.
|

4 :

Species. s 38

5 3 oF

= Te ae

eae ici
_- —— = =-|--- | sa —

Bactrites Canvondrius, Smnbh tS pO = eee eee | ae eee ex
Agoniatites opimus White and Whitfield ........----- Pen ||\Seeneel Beneee

Nomismoceras'? monroense Worthen -....-.------=---|2-==--|------ x
IPT OOROTULES GOT OY TMVINLe Tae see a ae aia ae ae See os bee
Prodromites ornatus Smith, sp. uoy-------.---------- | SON lls oe
Prodromites prematurus Smith and Weller...----.---- Ns Se ae Se are

Pronorites cyclolobus Phillips, var. arkansasensis Smith_| DS eo eee xX
Pronarites s1eoentiai Sillto SpanNOV-= esse eaeseeeeeibeeeen lec) eae ee
Medhieottia: copey Witte ano =- 254.0 5-.2aeaecee eee boal serene eee a-< ee scee
Schuchertites grahami Smith, sp. et gen. nov..-------.|-.----|------|------
Prolecamites ? compactus Meek and Worthen -_.-------|.-----|------|------
IProlecanitesron ceria i Willen tastes se ee eee BC0 flee eee
Prolecanites gurleyi Smith, sp. nov. --.-.------------- ge Ca (ra ere Se
Prolecamies nougniany Winchell sees se ee eee reeeslin ee 0 aaa eel ae eeee
Prolecanites ? louisianensis Rowley ------------------- pve Gaemel oats
Prolecanites lyoni Meek and Worthen ......-..------ Dad | (CM eas oe
Prolecanites marshallensis Winchell ...----.---------- > hel Med ie
‘Prionoceras ? andrewsv Winchell <=. 222 2222---- ==... SG (ie aan Bao er
iPrionocerasie DrownenscuMiullen” soos eee see see Cin eee! Gee
Prionoceras ? ohioense Winchell _.....-..--.--.------- p PSE a ee |
Pericyclus blairt Miller and Gurley..........-------- aM Ga id Seales 5a
? Pericyclus princeps De Koninck..----.------------- | dC 72 e ee eee

Glypinocenasrcalya reise jane eee ee joseSonleenace x
ZGlupRiocenns adem, GO] Tussi ee see eee eee see eae = = aaa eee
Glyphioceras ? hathawayanum McChesney -.----------|------ | ance eeleeeeas

Glyphioceras leviculum Miller and Faber--...--2-----|----+-|------ i) ox
Glyphioceras ? pygmxum Winchell ....-------------- > ed ee Tae Ht

Goniatites choctawensis Shumard ..-...-.------------ aoetclebsses x

Goniatites\cremstma Ebulipsise 24 = es ee eae sees oe | Pubseg beesor x

( Goniatites cumminsi Hyatt=G. striatus Sowerby) .---.)------)------ x

Goniatites greencastlensis Miller and Gurley -...------ ------|------ | x

( Goniatites incisus Hyatt=G. erenistria Phillips) --.-...----------- x

Gontatitesskentuchkrensis ellen sem. =e esa eeee ee ieee oer Seieiee x
Goniatites lunatus Miller and Gurley .--------------- (aes (ee | Bate ate

Goniatites newsomi Smith, sp. noy.------------------|------|------ | xX

Goniatitesispicericusm lantinn een aan eee ae ee eee | Sei x

Goniatiessiniaius Omer Dies = ass ee eee ee as eee ls aioe x

Goniatites subcircularis Miller

x

Coal Measures. Permian
a. ian a.
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IS oeeReey Ball es ota sal erate
|
|
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Secsee >< Alesbasal Ressose
|
ScEocecllecesaclascess x
Ht at
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|
|
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|
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ei =
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|
|
taser bee spac abt}-Sa2eee
|
ER fa |P2sees|ses= scl sscecc:
|
JAS S6o S36605 e936
Seiscere. laeemodeaesce Esk Goos
|
|
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w~eecee | XK Jroceccclsenern--
| ea

TABLE OF THE SPECIES.

Table of the specices—Continued.
y /

Species.

Lower Carboniferous. |

Gastrioceras branneri Smith

Gastrioceras carbonarium von Buch

Gastrioceras compressum Hyatt.....-.---------------
Gastrioceras entogonum Gabb

Gastrioceras excelsum Meek

Gastrioceras globulosum Meek and Worthen

Gastrioceras illinoisense Miller and Gurley
Gastrioceras kansasense Miller and Gurley

Gastrioceras kingi Hall and Whitfield

Gastrioceras listeri Martin

Gastrioceras montgomeryense Miller and Gurley

Gastrioceras nolinense Cox

Gastrioceras planorbiforme Shamard
Gastrioceras subcavum Miller and Gurley

Gastrioceras welleri Smith, sp. nov

Paralegoceras baylorense White

Paralegoceras iowense Meek and Worthen
Paralegoceras newsomi Smith

Paralegoceras texcanum Shumard

Schistoceras fultonense Miller and Gurley

Schistoceras hildrethi Morton

Schistoceras hyatti Smith

Schistoceras missouriense Miller and Faber

Aganides discoidalis Smith, sp. noy

Aganides jessiex Miller and Gurley
Aganides? propinguus Winchell

Aganides? romingeri Winchell

Aganides rotatorius de Koninck
Aganides ? sciotoensis Miller and Faber

Aganides ? shumardianus Winchell

Muensteroceras ? holmesi Swallow

Muensteroceras osagense Swallow

Muensteroceras oweni Hall

Muensteroceras parallelum Hall

(Muensteroceras whitei Hyatt=M. oweni Hall)
Gonioloboceras ? allei Winchell

MON XLII—O02 10

x XxX OX

xX

x xX XK X

Skee NS
A *w

x

/
S

1

S Z
erate x
BesecS Xx
Seo x
Oe eoe «|e eee
|
[oem ||» oe
migesia's x
Esis sta x

2 Ul6eceey
Ni aes So iepaeaeh |

Pe Nee saree

Coal Measures. |Permian.
Ee ay ‘Sy
og OF og | N
3 S) = Ss
S43 |s3| 83 | =
eo a2 a0 3
oA rate] BA es
=| a p =
Socoac Poe Net eican| ema nics
oacoad Ge iO RSS oor,
Ect Ld Kot | see eae
Sse eleeeeee ease Wocosee
SoSocd|bcencc a di eae
oteoos 2 i sesece seas
eo Wap ali egress
SZo || aa Coren
|z--2=° x
] ow
sac5o5 [------ De SSS ak
soos 2 | Sis cre Beal, MX Ee eae
wenleis PX |e secetsl sees
Soscedloses a= Joaseell) .w2x
| x | |
|
DG Pie eae cle co. (Lye eee
pe cSon) es500 | XX |eee-==5
SHE Ballo sae x [steeeee
OE ES ee Soo Mee OR WSS
| |
See Soclosonce BS ligsooesc
|
|
|

146 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Table of the species

Continued.

| | Coal Measures. Permian,
— —— Sis | ——
Species. g 3 8 io) z oO zg oO z s
= 2 Si] Se) Sess =
ena Smuimemenless esa) |e z
ae | Ta aa ~ Chae
Gonioloboceras goniolobwm Meek -----.--------------- Jezcsscesacc)-2sshs]=s-9e8 Re eae Wecctes, hte) =
Gonioloboceras ? limatum Miller and Faber. ..-------- | wees eee Bagel ai Vatetiaees ears | eee lates
Gonioloboceras welleri Smith, sp. nov ..-------------- eeeas Jae A ees |e \Paee se | Sila ae Se
Dimorphoceras tecanum Smith, sp. noy -------------- hecsea Bacco u Ae aaae See Comer, > a Bane
? Milleroceras parrishi Miller and Gurley ...---------|------|------ Same Semeice chen a Qu ey acre
Agathiceras ciscoense Smith, sp. noy ----------------- Woeeree ec a a fA | Wear sed
eyTAPOOES Gahko KONI, Ss INP Soe mec bone see cessor so se|ossa4| SaeredSeacds - hase ay Sea eee
Popanoceras parkert Heilprin= 22-2222. —-=-= 22a 1S he ee PS a | Le WA lsateee pace oce
TPA oe kel CRA OTM COMIN ONC 8 eet eeia Ae mesa ne seo sone 4=sacboeedsl aooea sce ms) acc cee eee ee x
Shumardites simondsi Smith, sp. et gen. noy -.------- lameepeaiie © 2 gees ie | Beet > ill ane eee
Waagenoceras cumminsi iy att = 22 5--\a- = eee oe lee | i -s peepee ese 1D, are Tale «
Waagenoceras hilli Smith, sp. nov------------------- essa eencee metare peers > ASE asfRace s<
SPECIES OF WHICH THE GENERA COULD NOT BE |
DETERMINED, | | | | |
| | |
Goniatites colubrellus Morton. .---------------------- Wee | Sopa Reesor ee jn----- | xX | Seseatee
Gonrantesparinis SMU nana. aa ee ee | eee |oSeecc| teers ease Meee
Goniatites\naltusishuumand! eee see esas a= == Jnnee ee | Pee We see | SC Td ee ae
(2 Goniatites sulciferus Winchell = ? G. propinguus | | | | | ,
\Watovclove I pe ee eae eescebebe se eo Sees Sonne) eeeleesoce socce= | eae set vera eencl| ares ores Jere) asters
PROBABLY NOT AMMONOIDS.
Neoicoceras elkhornense Miller and Gurley.-.-.--------|------|------ [peets pele aa SCM ee ce se
“Ammonites? bellicosus Mortom...2.2-------+------- eee [iy ARSE AES Sh ve ES eee es D 40 || ee Ree

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
MEMOIRS IN WHICH AMERICAN CARBONIFEROUS GONTATITES ARE DESCRIBED.
Barrots, C. Terrains anciens des Asturies et de la Galice.
Mém. Soe. Géol. du Nord, Vol. II, No. 1, 1882.
Brernarp, F. Traité de Paléontologie. 1895.
Bryricu, E. De Goniatitis in Montibus Rhenanis occurrentibus. 1837.
—— Beitriige z. Kenntniss Versteinerungen rheinischen Uechergangsgebirges.
1837.
Brassy, J. J. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus. 187s.
Branco, W. Beitriige zu Entwicklungsgeschichte der fossilen Cephalopoden.
Palzeontographica, Vol. XX VII, 1880.
Bucn, L. von. Ueber Goniatiten.
Physical. Abhandl. d. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1830.
CLARKE, J. M. The Naples fauna (fauna with Manticoceras intumescens) in West-
ern New York.
Sixteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Geologist, 1898, p. 29-161.
Cox, E. T. Paleontological report of Coal Measure Mollusca.
Geological Survey of Kentucky, Vol. ITI, 1857.
Crick, G. C. On the muscular attachment of the animal to its shell in some fossil
Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea).
Trans. Linnzean Soc. Zool., ser. 2, Vol. VII, part 4, 1898.
Cummins, W. F. Report on the geology of northwestern Texas.
Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1891.
Foorp, A. H., and Crick, G. ©. Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoca in the British
Museum, Part III, 1897.
Frecu, Fritz. Die Steinkohlenformation.
Lethzea Geognostica, Part I, Vol. II, No. 2, 1899.
Die Dyas.
Lethzea Geognostica, Part I, Vol. II, No. 3, 1901.
——— Ueber devonische Ammoneen.
Beitr. zur. Pal. u. Geol. Oesterreich-Ungarns u. des Orients, Vol. XIV, 1901.
Gasp, W. M. Descriptions of new species of American Tertiary fossils and a new
Carboniferous cephalopod from Texas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861.
GeMMELLARO, G. G. La fauna dei caleari con Fusulina della valle del fiume Sosio.
Giornale Sci. Nat. Econom. Palermo, Vol. XTX, 1888, and Vol. XX, 1890.
Hay, JAmes. Notes and observations on the fossils of the Goniatite limestone in
the Marcellus shale of the Hamilton group, ete.
Thirteenth Ann. Rept. New York State Cabinet Nat. Hist., 1860.
Natural History of New York. Paleontology. Vol. V, Pt. II, 1879.
Hai J., and Wuirrretp, R. P. Paleontology.

U.S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol. IV, Part II, 1877.
147

148 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.
Hava, E. Etudes sur les Goniatites.
Mém. Soc. Géol. France, Paléont., Vol. VII, No. 18, 1898.
Hempriyx, A. On a Carboniferous ammmonite from ‘Texas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884.
Herrick, C. L. Observations upon the so-called Waverly group of Ohio.
Geol. Sury. Ohio, Vol. VIT, 1895.
Houzapren, E. Die Cephalopoden-fiihrenden Kalke des unteren Carbon yon Erdbach-
Breitscheid bei Herborn.
Pal. Abhandl., Dames and Kayser, Vol. V, 1889.
Hyarr, A. Cephalopoda.
In Bastman’s transl. Zittel’s Text-Book of Palzeontology, 1900.
——— Carboniferous cephalopods.
Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1891.
——— Carboniferous cephalopods. Second paper.
Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, 1893.
Genera of fossil cephalopods.
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, 1884.
——— Fossil cephalopods of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Embryology.
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College, Vol. III, No. 5, 1872.
Karpinsky, A. Ueber die Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe.
Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 7th series, Vol. XX XVII, No. 2, 1889.
Koninex, L. G. pe. Description des animaux fossiles qui se trouvent dans le
terrain carbonifére de Belgique. 1842-44.
—_— “aune du caleaire carbonifére de la Belgique. 1880.
Martin, W. Petrifacata Derbiensia. 1809.
McCunsney, J. H. Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Paleozoic rocks
of the Western States. 1860.
Plates illustrating in part the new species of fossils from the Paleozoic
rocks of the Western States, ete. 1865.
——-— Descriptions of fossils from the Paleozoic rocks of the Western States,
Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1868.
McCoy, F. British Paleozoic fossils. 1855.
Merk, F. B. Paleontology.
U.S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol. IV, Part I, 1877.
Notice of a very large goniatite from eastern Kansas.
Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Survey Terr., Vol. I, No. 6, 1875.
Merk, F. B. and Worrnen, A. H. Descriptions of new Carboniferous fossils from
Illinois and other Western States.
Proc, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860.
—— ——— Remarks on the age of the Goniatite limestone at Rockford,
Indiana, ete.
Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIT, 1861.
— —— Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea [ete.] from I1linois.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1865.
-- Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carboniferous system.
Geol. Sury. Llinois, Vol. I1, Paleontology, 1866.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 149

Meek, F. B. and Worrnen, A. H. Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carbon-
iferous system.
Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. V, Paleontology, 1873.
-—— Descriptions of new Carboniferous fossils from Illinois and other
Western States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860.
Mitter, 8. A. North American Geology and Paleontology. 1889.
— Paleontology.
Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, 1892.

Paleontology.
Bighteenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, 1894.
Miiter, 8. A. and Faper, ©. Descriptions of some Subcarboniferous and Car-
boniferous Cephalopoda.
Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIV, 1892.
Minirr, S. A., and Guriey, W. F. E. New species of Paleozoic invertebrates
from Illinois and other States.
Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 11, 1896.
Mosstsovics E. von. Die Cephalopoden der Mediterranen Triasprovinz.
Abhandl. K. K. Geol. Reichsanstalt Wien, Vol. X, 1882.
Monvrorr pr, D. Conchyliologie systématique, Vol. I. 1808.
Morton, 8. G. Appendix. Being a notice and description of the organic remains
embraced in the preceding paper.
Appendix to 8. P. Hildreth’s paper on the Bituminous coal deposits of the Valley of the
Ohio. Am. Jour. Sci., Ist series, Vol. X XIX, 1836.
Murcuison, R. I., Verneurn, E. pp, and Kryseriine, A. pr. Géologie de la Russie
d'Europe et des montagnes de VOural. Vol. II. Paléontologie. 1845.
Puiturrs, J. Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire, Pt. II. 1836.
Roemer, Ferp. Lethea Geognostica, Pt. I, Paleeozoica, Vol. Il. 1852-54.
Geologie yon Oberschlesien. 1870.
Lethea Geognostica, Pt. I, Lethzea Paleeozoica, Vol. I. 1876.
Roemer, F. Aponren. Beitriige zur geologischen Kenntniss der nordwestlichen
Harzgebirges.
Paleeontographica, Vol. III. 1850-52. Voi. V, 1855. Vol. IX, 1860.
Rowtey, R. R. Description of a new genus and five new species of fossils from
the Devonian and Subcarboniferous rocks of Missouri.
Am. Geologist, Vol. XVI, No. 4, 1895.
SANDBERGER, F. Die Versteinerungen des rheinischen Schichtensystems in Nassau.
1850-56.
Suumarp, B. F. Description ofs new fossils from the Coal Measures of Missouri and
Kansas.
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. I, 1858.
Paleontology.
Geol. Survey Missouri, 1855.
Descriptions of new Paleozoic fossils.
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. II, 1863.
Suiru, J. P. Marine fossils from the Coal Measures of Arkansas.
Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV, 1896.

150 CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS OF AMERICA.

Smirn, J. P. The development of Glyphioceras and the phylogeny of the Glyph-
oceratidee.
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology, Vol. I, 1897.
Suirn, J. P., and Weiter, Sruarr. Prodromites, a new ammonite genus from the
Lower Carboniferous.
Jour. Geol., Vol. IX, No. 3, 1901.
Sowrrsy, J. Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, Vol. I. 1814.
STEINMANN, G., and DépERLEIN, L. Elemente der Paliiontologie. 1890.
Swattow, G. C. Descriptions of new fossils from the Carboniferous and Devonian
rocks of Missouri.
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Scei., Vol. I, 1860.
Tzwerarnv, M. Nantiloidea et Ammonoidea de la section inférieure Calcaire
Carbonitére Russie.
Mém. Comité Géol. St. Pétersbourg, Vol. VIII, No. 4, 1898.
Verneurt, E. pe. Note sur le parallélisme des roches des dépdts paléozoiques
de ’ Amérique Septentrionale avec ceux de l’Europe, ete.
Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 2d series, Vol. LV, 1847.
Waacen, W. Salt Range Fossils.
Pal. Indica, Ser. XIII, Vol. I, 1879.
WELLER, Stuart. The Batesville sandstone of Arkansas.
Trans. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. X VI, 1897.
Kinderhook Faunal Studies. IT. The Fauna of the Chonopectus sandstone
at Burlington, Iowa.
Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. X, No. 3, 1900.
A bibliographic index of North American Carboniferous invertebrates.
Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 153, 1898.
Wuirr, ©. A. On the Permian formation of Texas.
Am. Naturalist, Vol. X XIII, 1889.
The Texas Permian and its Mesozoic types of fossils.
Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 77. 1891.
Paleontology. Fossils of the Indiana rocks.
Second Ann. Rept. Dept. Stat. and Geol. Indiana, 1881.
Wuirr, C. A., and Wuairrretp, R. P. Observations on the rocks of the Mississippi
Valley, ete.
Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. VIII, 1862.
Wincuett, A. Notice on the rocks lying between the Carboniferous limestone of
the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the limestone of the Hamilton group, ete.
Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XX XIII, 1862.
Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Marshall group of Michigan.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1865.
Notices and descriptions of fossils from the Marshall group of the Western
States.
Proce, Am. Philos. Soec., Vol. XI, 1870.
Worrnen, A. H. Paleontology.
Geol. Survey Illinois, Vol. VIII, 1890.
Zirren., K. A. von. Grundziige der Paleontologie. 1895.
Handbuch der Paleeontologie, Pt. I, Vol. II. 1885.

fee nee TS:

a at iy ae
mi Aas ie pera ;
age g aan ah tt
A

Je ewan Iida es ii

Frias. 1 and 2. ScHisrocERAS HILDRETHI Morton

Fics.

3-13. SHUMARDITES sIMONDsI Smith, gen. et sp. nov

PLATE III.

Upper Coal Measures, Cambridge, Ohio.

Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, Graham, Tex.

Figs. 3 and 4. Views of young shell, at diameter of 22 mm., showing gastrioceran shape of
whorl.

Figs. 5 and 6. Partial restoration of the above specimen.
Fig, 7. Septa showing gastrioceran character and beginning of division of lateral lobe, at
diameter of 7 mm., 10 times enlarged. .
Fig. 8. Septa at diameter of 12 mm., transitional from Paralegoceras to Schistoceras; 3.6
times enlarged.

Fig. 9. Septa at diameter of 16 mm. (one-half revolution more than fig. 8), 3.6 times
enlarged. (Septa inverted. )

Fig. 10. Septa at diameter of 22 mm. (one-half revolution more than fig. 9), 4 times
enlarged.

Fig. 11. Septa at 38 mm. (one-half reyolution more than fig. 10), showing mature
characters; drawn from specimen shown in figs. 12 and 13, 1.6 times enlarged.

Figs. 12 and 13. Type specimen, natural size.

Norn.—Figs. 1 and 2 are figs. 40a and 40) of Pl. I of Etude sur les Goniatites.

154

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL, Ill

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

, ie oe

q ee
‘ i
ees a %,
b P ;
‘ at) by
ri aR Le td
~_ Or he ON tad J — —
> a 7 2 a ytee
~~ awa y _

LATE. TV,

PLATE IV.

Page

ErGsi=35 (GONTOLOBOCERAS GONIOLOBUM seekers ces - oe cle = see. c ae - cine seen watee acces eeee 103
Coal Measures, New Mexico.

Higa: 4-8) (GASItRIOCERAS MKINGE JElallliamrd Wanted sae ae ere ee eee em een = ee = eee 92
Coal Measures, Eberhardt Mill, White Pine, Ney.

Breg= 9S) PAmATEGOCERAS BAN LORENSE MW DALE ee oe ere a= eke a ete eer ere ee tral 99
Permian, Wichita formation, military crossing of Big Wichita River, Baylor County, Tex.

Fics. 12-14. PARALEGOCERAS IOWENSE Meek and Worthen ---.-...--------------------------- 100

Middle Coal Measures, Alpine, Iowa.
Norr.—Fras. 1-3 are from U.S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol. IV, Pt. I, Pl. 1X, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.
Fics. 4-8 are from U.S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, Vol. IV, Pt. II, Pl. VI, figs. 9-14.
Fics. 9-11 are from Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 77, Pl. II, figs. 1-3.
Figs. 12-14 are from Geol. Surv. Illinois, Vol. II, Pl. XXX, figs. 3a-c.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. IV

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

eA EV

PLATE V.

HiGe sland 2s RLONOCERAS | BROWNENSEMV lle rieemiee ete. te a. n\nto a = ocelot are ears eieereeete
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook group, Brown County, Ind.

BiGs: -oiand 4.) MUENSTEROCERAS, INDIANENSE) Mialleneees 22.2 cts ceecec nace aee meeme ae eceeaneer
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook group, Clark County, Ind.

Figs. 5-7. PRoLECANITES? compactus Meek and Worthen .-..-.-..------------<----<--+---s---
Middle Coal Measures, Menard County, Ill.

BGS 48—L0 Ms GASMRIOCERAS | NOLINENSE(C Oseee eee tee aoe ae Sole ene cee ne ee eee ee ee cia aoe eines
Middle Coal Measures, Nolin Iron Works, Edmonson County, Ky.

BiG. Le NOMISMOCERAS\) MONROENSE: WWiOkthene epee: == 25-6 4--\-- seen Ceee eee nem acta -aiesces

Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis group, Monroe, III.

Page.

Norr.—Figs. 1 and 2 are from Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury., Indiana, Pl. X VIII, figs. 3

and 4.

Figs. 3 and 4 are from Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury., Indiana, Pl. XIX, figs. 2

and 3.

Figs. 5-7 are from Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. V, Pl. XX XI, figs. 2 a-c.
Figs. 8-10 are from Geol. Surv. Kentucky, Vol. III, Pl. X, figs. 1, la, 1b.
Fig. 11 is from Geol. Sury. Illinois, Vol. VIII, Pl. X XVI, fig. 4.

ie 2)

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

MONOGRAPH XLII

PL.V

tele ea VL,

PLATE VI.

Page

Fic. 1. GAsTRIOCERAS GLOBULOsUM Meek and Worthen.................2--2-e---c-- eens e eens 89
Middle Coal Measures, near Boles, Ark. Shows the surface markings of the shell.

Bigs) 2-5; CONTA TITIES DuNATUS MilleriandiGuonleyian: = 0-20. = 29-2 ee ce eee es eeer sa aeeeee es eee 77
Coal Measures, Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.

Bigs? 6-8) (PROCHCANITES 1 OUISLANENSISHROMULCYin- esse = sae oe ee ae eee iene oe an eee 54
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Louisiana, Mo.

Eres: 9-14." BUCTRITES, CARBONARIUS SMIbheee sees oo s22 ete soo ate ieee se ee ees cine Sisiya elie ie 31

Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Moorefield, Ark.
Norr.—Fig. 1 is from Proe. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV, Pl. XVIII, fig. 4.
Figs. 2-5 are from Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 11, Pl. V, figs. 2-5.
Figs. 6-8 are after a specimen loaned by the Walker Museum, University of Chicago.

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. VI

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

elle WE

MON XLII—02—— 11

PLATE Val

Page.
Figs. 1 and 2. AconratitEs opimus White and Whitfield...._...........-..--.022-----2--<--- 32
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Burlington, Iowa.
Fig. 1, outline of the whorl.
Fig. 2, side view.

Nore.—These drawings are copied from Dr. Stuart Weller’s paper, Kinderhook Faunal Studies,
II, The Fauna of the Chonopectus sandstone at Burlington, Iowa: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. X,
No. 3, Pl. VIII, fig. 1; and-PlEX-fig-at.

PL. VII

MONOGRAPH XLII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOiDS,

ELA Be

PLATE VIII.

Page.

Bucs 1) ScHISTOGERAS MISSOURIENSE MillenandWabense «--s2- 2-5 202 ease Seen wee oe eeeee eee 111
Upper Coal Measures, near Kansas City, Mo. a

igs. 2/and''3. “AGANIDEs)?SClOroENSIS Mallertand: Haber... -----2-22ss2 2-2 2sees-seseeese- ee 116
Lower Carboniferous, Osage stage, Sciotoville, Ohio.

Bies.4570" and! bas PROGEGANTNES [(GREENTIy Mall Ore seers =e cle eae at ere ae re ae eye oe 52
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, New Albany, Ind.

Figs. 6and 7. GASTRIOCERAS OCCIDENTALE Miller and Faber ......-....-.-..-.-.--.-=----.---- 96
Middle Coal Measures, Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.

Fies. 8 and 9. GoNnioLnoBocerss? LimaTUM Miller and Faber ..........-....-...-----..--.----- 124
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard, Ky.

Fics: 10'and 11. GuyPHrocerAs Levicunom Milier’and! Faber. .......--22-.-.-----2--2--.-see- 65

Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis stage, Crab Orchard, Ky.

Norr.—Figs. 1-3 and 6-11 are taken from Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIV, Pl. VI.
Figs. 4, 5, and 5a are taken from Seventeenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Indiana, Pl. X,
figs. 5 and 6.

PL. Vill

MONOGRAPH XLII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

Hees iis VEX.

PLATE IX.

HYG 5 —3,) (GrASTRIOGERAS COMPRESSUMs Gly aula teem rmee eee neat as al= cine sees eerste cetera 86
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend formation, San Saba County, near
Bend, Tex.
Specimen Nat. Museum.
Figs. 4-7. PARALEGOCERAS IOWENSE Meek and Worthen.............-...--------------------- 100
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend formation, near Bend, San Saba
County, Tex.
Figs. 4 and 5. Immature shell.
Fig. 6. Septa at this stage.
Fig. 7. Enlarged view of the shell at this stage.

Nore.—Figs. 1-3 are from Second Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Texas, figs. 57-59 (p. 355).
Figs. 4-7 are from Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, figs. 52-55 (p. 474).

166

PL. Ix

MONOGRAPH XLII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS,

Fee eI

PLATE X.

Fias. 1-11. Gonratrres striatus Sowerby (=Glyphioceras cumminsi Hyatt) ..-.--.------------
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend formation, 5 miles west of Lampasas,
Tex.
Figs. 1 and 2. Adolescent stage.
Fig. 3. Shell at this stage.
Figs. 4 and 5. Early adolescent stage.
Fig. 6. Shell at this stage.
figs. 7 and 8. Karly adolescent stage.
Figs. 9 and 10. Fully matured stage.
Fig. 11. Shell at this stage.
Figs. 12-16. GonrATITES CRENISTRIA Phillips (=Glyphioceras incisum Hyatt) -------------------
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend formation, near Richland Springs, San
Saba County, Tex.
Figs. 12 and 13. Karly adult stage.
Figs. 14 and 15. Cross strize on mature shell.
Fig. 16. Restoration of the form after fig. 15.
Eras, 1/719 GASTRIOGERAS ENTOGONUM’ Gab Dye e eee ee oe aeee a= se Sees eee elas
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Bend formation, 5 miles west of Lampasas,
Tex.
Figs. 17 and 18. Front and side view.
Fig. 19. Shell enlarged.

Norr.—This plate is taken from Fourth Ann. Rept. Geol. Sury. Texas, Pl. XLVIL.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. X

MON
ANS i mS
2 tiyeN’
lit ip, "My

‘ucteammet (ley
Nn i Soe Tis 4
| WY Ui , Myf, Hi

Las

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS,

ibe eS ae

PLATE XI.

Fias. 1-4. GAsSTRIOCERAS CARBONARIUM von Buch
Middle Coal Measures, near Boles, Scott County, Ark.
Fig. 1. Side view of a composite artificial cast, from three specimens.
Fig. 2. Side view of a septate fragment.
Fig. 3. Cross section of whorl.
Fig. 4. Sutures.
RIGS) b—/qe PRONORIMES |STEBENTEVATMA SITUA SP): 0 Viator eats == ere tie reer rere 47
Middle Coal Measures, near Boles, Scott County, Ark.
Fig. 5. Side view of septate fragment.
Fig. 6. Cross section of whorl.
Fig. 7. Sutures.
Fics. 8-13. GAsTRIOCERAS BRANNERT Smith 83

Lower Carboniferous, Chester stage, Pilot Mountain, Carroll County, Ark.
Fig. 8. Side view.
Fig. 9. Front view.
Fig. 10. Rear view.
Fig. 11. Cross section.
Fig. 12. Sutures of adult, twice enlarged.
Fig. 13. Sutures at diameter 23 mm., twice enlarged.
Spec. Nat. Mus.

Nore.—Figs. 1-7 formed Pl. XX, Proce. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXY.
Figs. 8-13 formed part of Pl. XXIII, Proc. Am, Philos, Soc., Vol. XXXY,.

170

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XLII PL. Xt

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS,

rel ’ it iy’ ni by fad
t ‘ip! if ; oy \4 nA hee ect: -
vue |

A «
ee =
sy a! a, |

"
% ! aA 4 me WV ee
Ly ee (OG p'4 : : Si

Hele i OX Lh

PLATE XII.

Page
Fries. 1, 2. Pronorires PR#PERMICUS Karpinsky (to show the young stages) ......------....-- 44
Fig. 1. First two sutures.
Fig. 2. Embryo chamber.
HiG: 3) MeRONORITESYGYCLOLOBUS) Pbillipsisee cea = | = ae eer ee oe a 2 ee 44
Fig. 3. Sutures, twice enlarged.
Fies. +-9. PARALEGOCERAS NEWsoMI Smith sp. noy
Lower Coal Measures, Morrillton, Ark.
Fig. 4. Side view, partly restored.
Fig. 5. Front view.
Fig. 6. Side view of inner whorl taken out of the large specimen shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 7. Front view.
Fig. 8. Sutures taken from the inner whorl of 25 mm. diameter.
Fig. 9. Sutures on the outer whorl. ‘
Fie. 10. GLYPHIOCERAS DIADEMA Goldtuss, showing development of the sutures -.--.-.-------- 63
a. First suture.
b. Second suture.
c. Third suture.
d. At 1.25 mm. diameter.
e. At 2.25 mm.
f. Adult.
Fig. 11. TokNocERAS RETRORSUM yon Buch
a. First suture.
b. Second suture.
ce. At 1.75 mm. diameter.
d. At 2.50 mim.
e. At 10 mm., adult.
Fires. 12-15. Pronorires cycLotosis Phillips variety ARKANSASENSIS Smith ..-...---.--------- 43
Lower Carboniferous, Chester stage, Pilot Mountain, Carroll County, Ark.
Fig. 12. Side view.
Fig. 13. Rear view.
Fig. 14. Front view.
Fig. 15. Sutures.
Spec. Nat. Mus.
Norr.—Figs. 1-3 were part of Pl. XXIII, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV; figs. 1 and 2 are
after Karpinsky, Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, Pl. I, fig. 2, e, f, g; fig. 3 is after
Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, Pt. If, Pl. XX, fig. 42.
Figs. 4-11 were part of Pl. XIX, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV; fig. 10 is after
Branco, Paleeontographica, Vol. XX VII, Pl. IV, fig. 1; fig. 11 is after Branco, Palzeonto-
graphica, Vol. XX VII, Pl. V, fig. 7.
Figs. 12-15 were part of Pl. XXIV, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV.

se eee ee seen aacioe = ssh cee eecesaecemeeeees 101

i

oo

172

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLil PL. XII

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

Lvs iid) OIG ee

173

PLATE XIII.

Fies. 1-5. PRonorITEs cycLoLopus Phillips

Ural Mountains.

Fig. 1. Side view.

Fig. 2. “Cross section of a volution, Ibergiceras stage.’’—Karpinsky.

Fig. 3. ‘Cross section of a volution, Paraprolecanites stage.’’—Karpinsky.

Fig. 4, a, b. Natural size.

Fig. 5, a-f. Showing development of the sutures, from the Ibergiceras to the Pronorites
stage.

Fras. 6-15. GaAsrrRiIoceras Listert Martin
Middle Coal Measures, Boles, Ark.
Fig. 6. Side view.

Fig. 7. Rear view.
Fig. 8. Front view. Artificial cast, magnified twice.
Fig. 9. Side view.
Fig. 10. Side view, largest specimen.
Fig. 11. Cross section of whorl.
Fig. 12. Artificial cast.
Figs. 13-15. Development of the sutures.
Norr.—Figs. 1-5 formed part of Pl. XXIV, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XXXV, from
Ammoneen der Artinsk-Stufe, Pl. I.
Figs. 6-15 formed Pl. XVI, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., Vol. XX XV.

MONOGRAPH XLII PL. Xill

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS,

pa are
Wee | a) he
; "

¥ ' iy
¥
A
(eG) VRRE

iia, Serv.

PLATE XIV.

(All figures on this plate are forty times enlarged. )

Page.
GONTATITES(CRENISTRIACEDILips: 22 eee eee eee oie ae aaa tae 8 eo scl ee ee elo eee 68

Figs. 1, 2. Protoconch.
Fig. 1. From above.
Fig. 2. From front; diameter 0.46 mm.

Figs. 3-5. Protoconch of same or a nearly related species from Scott County, Ark.

Fig. 3. From above.
Fig. 4. From front.
Fig. 5. From side.
Figs. 6-8. Protoconch with first two sutures.
Fig. 6. From above.
Fig. 7. From front.
Fig. 8. From side.

Figs. 9, 10. Larval stage, diameter of 0.74 mm., protoconch and one-half of first whorl,

showing the first four sutures, from phylembryonic to the paranepionic substage.
Fig. 9. From side.
Fig. 10. From front.

Figs. 11, 12. Larval stage, diameter of 0.92 mm., first whorl, showing first eight sutures,
and transitions from the metanepionic (Anarcestes stage), through paranepionie (Paro-
doceras stage) to ananeanic (Prionoceras) stage.

Fig. 11. From front.
Fig. 12. From side.

Norre.—This was Plate XIII, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology, Vol. I.

All specimens figured on this plate, except figs. 3, 4, 5, came from the Lower Carbonifer-
ous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Moorefield, Ark.

176

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XIV

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

A XC

MON XLII—02—— 19

PLATE XV.
(All figures on this plate are twenty times enlarged, except fig. 9, which is twice natural size.)

Page.

GONIATITES CRENISTRIA Phillips 68

Figs. 1, 2. Adolescent stage, 1? whorls, diameter of 1.29 mm., last whorl is ananeanic
( Prionoceras stage) and shows transition from paranepionic.

Fig. 1. Front.
Fig. 2. Side.

Figs. 3, 4. Adolescent stage, diameter of 1.37 mm., 1{ whorls, Prionoceras stage.
Fig. 3. From front.
Fig. 4+. From side.

Figs 5, 6. Adolescent stage, diameter of 1.64 mm., 24 whorls, Prionoceras stage.
Fig. 5. From front.
Fig. 6. From side.

Figs. 7, 8. End of adolescent stage, diameter of 2.25 mm.; 2} whorls; transition from Prio-
noceras to Goniatites in the division of the ventral lobe, and beginning rounding of the
whorl.

Fig. 7. From front.
Fig. 8. From side.

Fig. 9. Early adult stage, diameter of 15 mm.
Norr.—This was Pl. XIV, Proe. Cal. Acad. Sci., 3d series, Geology, Vol. I. All specimens figured
on this plate came from the Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Moorefield, Ark.

eA ie XV I.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fics.

Fics.

Fras.

Figs.

Fias.

Fic.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

PLATE XVI.

1. GONIATITES CRENISTRIA Phillips, showing development of septa .........--------------
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Moorefield, Ark.
a. First septum, ananepionic.
b. Second septum, metanepionic.
c. Third septum, metanepionic.
d. Fourth septum, paranepionic.
e. Fifth septum, one-half revolution, diameter 0.74 mm., paranepionic.
f. Eighth septum, one revolution, diameter 0.92 mm., ananeanic ( Prionoceras) .
g. Ananeanic septum, 1} revolutions, diameter 1.29 mm.
h. Septum at 1 whorls, diameter 1.37 mm..
i. Septum at 2.25 mm., 2 revolutions, transitional from Prionoceras to Goniatites.
j. Septum at 15 mm., early adult. All figures magnified 20 times, except j, which is
twice enlarged.
2 4G ASTRIOCERAS! EXCELGUM UM CEK: ame eters om oats ee -js. 215 ay a (= Sine wintselte els emitter et ee

Middle Coal Measures, Pope County, Ark.
wa. Septa.

b. Cross section of whorl.
3. IMUENSTEROGERAS) PAR ATT Hime all leper eyo se seer oe ele ra Saleeeie = c= ee eee oe
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Rockford, Ind.; septa natural size.
Ajand H- PERICVCHUSHBrLATREVllenanduGurley= a= -sesse-2 sas o- ees ehseeeee= see ee =
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Sedalia, Mo.
6-8. MiILLEROCERAS PARRISHI Miller and Gurley
Upper Coal Measures, Kansas City, Mo.
9-11. NEoIcocERAS ELKHORNENSE Miller and Gurley
Middle Coal Measures; Elkhorn Creek, Kentucky.
12-14. GASTRIOCERAS MONTGOMERYENSS Miller and Gurley

Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, III.
15-17. ScHISTOCERAS FULTONENSE Miller and Gurley
Upper Coal Measures, Fulton County, III.

18. Septa of Pronecanires Lyont Meek and’ Worthen...--.-.5.-.---:-o3-----=----------
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Rockford, Ind.

19) VAGANTDES ROTATORTUR dey onin Glasses aeons sana 2 oes yee seine ee nee
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Rockford, Ind.

205 SeptaioiParicy onus iKOCHIsEH OlZapleles ans je acc ee eas ee Beet eas eee senha

Lower Carboniferous, Tournaisian stage, Erdbach, Germany.
21. Septa of PopANoceRAS PARKER! Heilprin

Middle Coal Measures, Strawn formation, Wise County, Tex.

Page.

68

145

we
ou

112

61

133

Norre.—Figs 4-17 loaned by the University of Chicago, from Bull. Illinois State Mus. Nat. His.,

No. 11.
Fig. 18 is after Frech, Die Steinkohlenformation, Pl. XLVI, A, fig. 11.
Fig. 20 from Pal. Abhandl., Vol. V, Pl. III, fig. 6.
Fig. 21 is from Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila., 1884, p. 53.)

ree par

180

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XVI

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

alee) OV TT

PLATE XVIL

Page.

ical CONTAINES eENTUCKIBNSIS? Vill Grier jae aaa ee ea eee ieee Blea os ae Ae eee 77
Lower Carboniferous, Crab Orehard, Ky.

Ries: 2—by) GoNTATITES NEWSOML SOMlih Ss pssDOVe cr aes sees Se ee ee eins 9s oe ee eee eee 78
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Batesville, Ark.
Figs. 2,3. Natural size.
Fig. 4. Inner coil of specimen shown in fig. 3; diameter 9 mm., 3 times enlarged.
Fig. 5. Three times enlarged.

Fis. 6-8: G:ASTRIOCERAS TLLINOISENSE Miller and Gurley_2222-.-2- 3. ---- 22.0 toe e sens ee = 91
Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, Ill.

Kies. 9-11. GASTRIOCERAS KANSASENSE Miller and Gurley....---.-----------2--<-+----<----5=- 91
Upper Coal Measures, Kansas City, Mo.

Fics. 12-14. (GontaTires GREENCASTLENSIS Miller and Gurley ....-..------------------------:- 76
Lower Carboniferous, Greencastle, Ind.

Fras. 15-17. GAstTRIOCERAS SuBCAVUM Millerand Gurley ..-..+..:--.-.--------------------+-- 97
Upper Coal Measures, Montgomery County, III.

Fics. 18-20. AGANIDEs Jesstex Miller and Gurley.......---.---.----- By aN et Bee ee hee 115

Lower Carboniferous, Sedalia, Mo.

Norr.—Figs. 1 and 6-20 loaned by the University of Chicago, from Bull. Illinois State Mus.
Nat. Hist. No. 11.

182

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XVII

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS,

-

;

OF nt —

: i ——

2b Dea BEBE

PLATE XVIII.

GiyPRIOChRAS Tea wa Phillips sas = se eee eee eee a eee »eeeatsnnbie de Gee aot eae neeee

Lower Carboniferous St. Louis-Chester stage, Moorefield, Ark.

Figs. 1-3, Larval stage, diameter 0.98 mm., 20 times enlarged; corresponding to Puaro-
doceras.

Figs. 4 and 5. Early adolescent stage, corresponding to Prionoceras; diameter 1.56 mm.,
1% coils, 20 times enlarged.

Figs. 6-8. Later adolescent stage, transitional from Priomoceras to Glyphioceras; diameter
2.25 mm., 34 coils, 13 times enlarged.

Figs. 9-11. Mature stage, diameter 4.25 mm., 43 coils, 10 times enlarged.

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLIi PL. XVIII

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

ul
; A

eT

ear

a

‘

fate i

Je JL any OGD.

PLATE XIX.

Page
Fries. 1 and 2. MUENSTEROCERAS PARALLELUM Hall. .------ Oe no sat fee AAR he Meee ae 121
Kigs;:3=8) MUENSTEROCERAS COWENTELA cota oe eS rp eR oe Nae a Sy a pateiee Toe eRe ete ei fets Ste 120
BHrGs: (9-11. PRODECANIDES TYONT Wieeksand Worthen ost fe- oe eae oe eee eee beac sete ee 54
Bres7 214 AGANTIDES) ROPATORIUSIO 6 hOMINGCK se cee e sees aaee eee ecco sees Gece Saeco eee ee 112

Norr.—The figures on this plate are slightly reduced by photography from Pal. N. Y., Vol. V,
Pt. I, Pl. LX XII.

All specimens on this plate from the Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, goniatite bed,
Rockford, Ind.

186

U. 8, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLIL PL, XIX

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

ale ASH, XX,

PLATE XX.

ies? 1—105 ScHisrOCERAS) MYATT Smith. Sp.MOVeosaese = se ao eeee ee = 6 a nee eee ae eee 104
Figs. 1 and 2. Transitional from paralegoceran to schistoceran stage, diameter 21 mm.,
twice enlarged.
Figs. 3 and 4. Early adult, schistoceran stage, diameter 40 mm., natural size, showing
the surface of shell.
Figs. 5 and 6, Adult stage, diameter 43 mm., natural size. This was Hyatt’s type of the
genus Schistoceras.
Figs. 7 and 8. Adult stage, diameter 67 mm., natural size.
Breas! 9=i1-y GONTOLOBOGERAS WEEUERT Smithy Spy MOVs ce a-=eeeesae ae ee eee eee eee ae 125
Adolescent, glyphioceran stage, diameter 7.5 mm., enlarged 5 times.
Figs. 12-15. DrmorpHocerRAs TEXANUM Smith, sp. nov. (The cross section, fig. 13, is about
two-thirds: naturalksrzes) saeco meee ents eee nee ree ee ee ease cee eee 126

Norr.—All specimens on this plate from Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, Graham, Young
County, Tex.

188

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XX

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

_
5

vie
] a; a)

leew li eX

PLATE XXI.

Figs. 1-6. GONIOLOBOCERAS WELLERI Smith, sp. nov ..--.------------------------------------- 125
Natural size.
Figs. 1 and 2. Early adolescent stage, with rounded abdomen.
Figs. 3 and 4. Adult stage, with angular and slightly furrowed abdomen.
Fig. 5. External septa.
Fig. 6. Internal septa.
Fics. 7-9. GASTRIOCERAS GLOBULOSUM Meek and Worthen -....-----.-------------------------- 89
Pies. 10=13. SGmismoCERAS Ux AmDn Swit ees Sa cae aa ta el 104
Fig. 10, a and b. Gastrioceran stage, 4 times enlarged; diameter 5.5 mm.
Fig. 11, a, b, and c. Paralegoceran stage, 4 times enlarged; diameter 10.5 min.
Fig. 12. Septa transitional from paralegoceran to schistoceran stage; diameter 21 mm.;
twice enlarged.
Fig. 13. Adult septa, diameter 42 mm., natural size.
Fics. 14-16. Porpanocreras Ganti Smith, sp. nov -----.----------.-----.-+--------=----------- 132
(The details of the internal septa, fig. 16, could not be made out.)
Fics. 17-19: AGATHICERAS CISCOENSE Smith, sp. nOV---....------=---- =---------------=------- 131
Fics. 20-22. ScHUCHERTITES GRAHAMI Smith, sp. nov.----...-.-------------------------------- 50

Norr.—All specimens on this plate from the Upper Coal Measures, Cisco formation, Graham,
Young County, Tex.

190

S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLif PL. XxXf
uU. Ss.

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

PAL GEE

PLATE XXII.

rics: 1-3. MEDLICOTRIA: ‘COPEL W biter tat asta ans c1- a= = eee ae eee entero laine aretarae 48
Wichita Permian, military crossing of Big Wichita River, Baylor County, Tex.
Specimen in Nat. Mus.
WIGS) 4-855 WINAGENOGHRAS' (CUMMINS IWADItG ens oe mesa - item ee eta eeisnetaiekee= =e 15$
Wichita Permian, locality same as above.
Specimen in Nat. Mus.
Bigs 9-110 “POPANOGERSS WALCOTID W bItG). 3.22 cc5-a2 1-5-5 eee Soe eeo = eee ee eae oe 154
Wichita Permian, locality same as aboye.
Specimen in Nat. Mus.

~I

Nore.—This plate was PI. I, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey No. 77.

192

U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXII

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

ere eX TTT

MON XLII—02-——12

PLATE XXIII.

PRODROMITES GORBYI Miller
Fig. 1. Miller’s type specimen No. 6208, Walker Museum, from the Lower Carboniferous,
Kinderhook stage, Chouteau limestone, Pin Hook Bridge, Pettis County, Mo.
Fig. 2. Specimen No, 6474, paleontologic collections Walker Museum, University of
Chicago, from the Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau limestone, Pettis
County, Mo.

Norr.—Fig. 1 was Pl. VI, Jour. Geol., Vol. IX; specimen loaned by the University of Chicago.
Fig. 2 is after Pl. VII, Jour. Geol., Vol. LX.

PL. Xxill

MONOGRAPH XLII

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

ese eX XO TV"

PLATE XXIV.

Bics/ l-4. PROUECANIMES GUBLEY. Smibhs Sp. MOV. 22 oe 2 =o ~ = eee ee ee eer

Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Cedar Gap, Wright County, Mo.
Figs. 1-3. Side, front, and rear view, enlarged twice.
Fig. 4. Septa from the same specimen, enlarged 4 times.

BIGS) D—/. CAG ANTDESEDISCONNADTS SUOUGM iSO Vs olla ae eee eee ee
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau limestone, Pettis County, Mo.

Figs. 5 and 6. Side and front views.
Fig. 7. Septa of same specimen, enlarged twice.

Fics. 8-12. MuENSTEROCERAS OSAGENSE Swallow ..---------------------=------------+-=<
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, Chouteau limestone, Pettis County, Mo.

Figs. 8-10. Both sides and front, enlarged twice.

Figs. 11 and 12. Side view of same specimen, with part of the outer whorl removed, to

show the septa (fig. 12), enlarged twice, septa enlarged 4 times.

Fiaes. 13-20. GAS@RIOCERAS WwEELERT Smith, sp. noy.-..---------- = --seee- een ene ===

Middle Goal Measures, Des Moines formation, Carroll County, Mo.
Figs. 13-15. Side, front, and rear views of the type specimen, enlarged twice.

Figs. 16-18. Side, front, and rear yiews of another specimen, showing the septa, enlarged

twice.

Figs. 19 and 20. Side and front views of a smaller specimen, enlarged twice, to show

the surface ornamentation.

196

Page.
53

114

119

Se)
io")

MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXIV

Uv. 5, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

PLATE

SCV:

PLATH XXV.

BriGs: dand’2¢ sPRODROMITES (GORBYTeMbilleny 266. 22 Sei ke aN ap ee ee eee ee
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook, Burlington, Iowa. No. 6222, paleontologic collection,
Walker Museum, University of Chicago.
Figs. 3 and 4. PRopROMITES PREMATURUS Smith and Weller .....--..--.....-----------------
From the Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook, of Rockford, Ind. No. 6223, paleontologic
collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago.
Fic. 5. Septa of Hepensrr@MiA MoJsisovicst Diener
For comparison with the septa of Prodromites.
BIiGS 16-8.) PRODROMMUDES TOR NATUS SSL U TED spill, O Vie ees =, ores te tC ee aed ec
Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook stage, ‘Chouteau limestone, Pettis County, Mo.
Figs. 6-7. Side and front views, natural sizes.
Fig. 8. Septa, enlarged 3 times.

(Nore.—Figs. 1-5, Pl. VIII, Jour. Geol., Vol. IX, No. 8, were loaned by the University of
Chieago; fig. 5 is from Pal. Indica, Ser. XV, Cephalopoda of the Lower Trias, Pl. XX, fig. le.)

198

Page.
37

40

34

39

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXV

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

PLATE XXVI.

HIGssl—5: GONTADITES (CRENISTRIA) Ee bilipsees seca 2 eee a o-c == 5 sae eee eee ee eee ieee ee 68
Figs. 1,2. Early adult stage, 13 times enlarged, Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester
stage, Moorefield, Ark.
Fig. 3. Septa, natural size, Moorefield, Ark.
Fig. 4. Septa, from the Lower Carboniferous limestone of the Iberg, near Grund, in the
Hartz, 13 times enlarged. e
Fig. 5. Surface ornamentation, Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Boles, Ark.
FIGS, 6=13 GONTADIDES |STRIAMUSE SOW ELD ames = 2 ale = ce Ste ee ae ae ae ae eet eee 80
Figs. 6,7. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Batesville, Ark., 9.3 mm.
diameter, 5 times enlarged.
Fig. 8. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis-Chester stage, Batesville, Ark., 14 mm. diameter,
14 times enlarged.
Fig. 9. Adult septa enlarged, Batesville, Ark.
Fig. 10. Internal septa enlarged, Batesville, Ark.
Fig. 11. Septa of young twice enlarged, Batesville, Ark.
Figs. 12,13. Adult, natural size, Batesville, Ark.
Pies) 14-18 Gonranmers)suncicuuaris Maller: el. 22-2 22 see eeee eae leennine ties 5 eee 81
Figs. 14,15. Three times enlarged, St. Louis-Chester stage, Batesville, Ark.
Figs. 16,17. Twice enlarged, Batesville, Ark.
Fig. 18. Septa from the above specimen. 7

200

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXVI

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS

PACT, Xex VL

PLATE XXVIII.

Wis KGRNOGERASHEILED Smith spimmOvase et ce secee © oo 1 seo) Beg Qa ee ak See At pe enc ea
Upper Permian, Double Mountain formation, falls of Salt Croton Creek, Kent County, Tex.
(Enlarged 14 times. )

Notr.—From photograph by Franklin, Palo Alto.

202

“SGIONOWWY SNOY3SINOSYVOD

WAXX “Id IX HdVHSONOW AZAYNS 1V9I901039 ‘S *N

ie Oia. ae OG BEE

PLATE XXVIII

GUASTRIOGEBAS 1 EX CRLS 1 Mii VCC ees aera ete ee Ne eel el ieee
Specimen No. 6226, paleontologie collection, Walker Museum, University of Chicago.
Upper Coal Measures, Osage, Kans.
Fig. 1. Side view, natural size.
Fig. 2. Septa, natural size, traced from the specimen.

Notre

.—Photograph loaned by Dr. Stuart Weller, University of Chicago.

204

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXVII

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

Mae XX

PLATE

GASTRIOCERAS EXCELSUM Meek

Specimen No. 6226, paleontologie collection,

Upper Coal Measures, Osage, Kans.
View from above, natural size.

Norr.—Photograph loaned by Dr. Stuart Weller

206

DXT XS

r, University of Chicago.

Walker Museum, University

of Chicago.

Page.

U. 8. GEOLOCICAL SURVEY

MONOGRAPH XLII PL. XXIX

CARBONIFEROUS AMMONOIDS.

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INDEX.

(Names in étalic are synonyms; figures in black-face type are numbers of pages on which detailed descriptions appear;
figures in italic denote illustrations. )

A. Page.
PADULOMA Er ales Cun on tel teees wees aie oe eles eocet tee 19
Adrianites Gemmellaro........-....... 21, 25, 105, 128, 129, 185
RE UBICSS fret seme crt ese oecee aisle =o ek wise c teeta 19
Aganides de Montfort ..- i,

19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 55, 56, 57, 58, 67, 76, 112-117, 124

diadema Goldfuss//s2-2 s-seeee ences een secoeteee 64
discoidalis Smith, n: sp-..-......... 13, 114-115, 145, 196
TCOMAEE LS Soe ede teem er ae ne wee heres eee See eta 112
jessiexe Miller and Gurley 18, 115, 145, 182
princeps de Koninek ... ne Ae 61
propinquus Winchell 18, 116-116, 145
TONUD SEN WinCHel eee seer sco cheeses esac 13, 116
rotatorius de Koninck . 13,

37, 112-114, 116, 121, 145, 180, 186
? seciotoensis Miller and Faber....-.- 14, 116-117, 145, 164
shumardianus Winchell . - 13,117, 145

BUDE CUsEM amu Le RC a eee eee tet sae 79
var, crenistria 68

WAU VISUSQUUS ain one mint areinccinis se eeeee = 80
APADICIC Pier t ot =o -25-- 12-128
Agathiceras'Gemmellaro ..2.5.22 20.0. occ. ces encecee-s 25,
26, 28, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 128, 180-131

ciscoense Smith, sp. nov.......-..--. 16, 131, 188, 146, 190
WROTE eNLOLLOM = soe = 5 2 + caso on-set 107
mieremphalum Morri =. 130
suessi Gemmellaro. - 105,131
uralicum -...-.- 131

20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 32-33
..-14, 82-88, 144, 162
21, 23, 27, 82-88, 128

Prteciocke 19
- 142, 146

Agoniatites Meek... BE ees
opimus White and Whitfield -

Agoniatitide /...-..2..--- :

Ammonites .........
bellicosus Morton .
carbonarius you Buch
colubrellus Morton
diadema Goldtfus:
hildvethi Morton
listerz Martin... ..
parkert Heilprin - .
princeps de Konine
rotatorius de Koninck. .
sphericus Martin ..
striatus Sowerby
vesica Giebel

Ammonoid genera, table of Paleozoic.....-.

Ammonoids, classification of Paleozoic 19-25
of American Carboniferous, genera represented... 25-28

Anarcestes Mojsisovies ......-.. 19, 20, 21, 23, 52, 54, 56, 57, 72, 76
Jateseptatus Beyrich’. Ue. honest ea 72

AMALCESUGE 35. cs ace haze nceensen eae eae eeee aes :

Aphyllites Mojsisovies. “e 23
ANCESUES Hine o—Sctte ss oie 128, 129
AITCE SMe). 3) hoe ne toed ees 20, 25, 58, 106, 128-141
Arthaber, G. von, cited on Permian fauna of Armenia. 21

Bactrites Sandberger - .
carbonarius Smith,
Bactritide -.

23, 27, 31-382
-. 14, 31-82,144, 160
23,27, 81-82
46

35, 36

19;:20)21,

Belocenas Hyatt = set uss eee eee

SE IOCO MAIO GG! 222 a: auth Saha NS els ty eee eae 24,27, 34-41
BElOCe rw times nz cutee Rois te cheney aan eee te pmerae ieee 56
Bend formation, species found in.....2...............- iu
Beneckeine .. 36
Beyrich, subdivisions made by... 19
Bigsby, J. J., cited on Goniatites princeps.....-.....--- 61
Boston group, species found in.......... aS l4
Broncocerags Wyatt... 4.0.2. 40.2 20,21, 60, 67,112, 113

DELOTIEL AN sot lee a ohe of ee eee EAE eh ieee nS ee 112

MOLLOT UIT Ae KK ONIN CK Ay aumias aoe ee ee enters 112, 114
Branner, J. C., acknowledgments to ...........-..-... 11
Broadhead; 'G.C-., reference toya: 2-2 4-22 s2n sees: 36,39
Buch jb.von, reference to. 2 se. ea scem. = see on ee eee 19

G:

Ganbonandi’... st pete ae aces sce See Perel eee eka 19
Carboniferous, ammonoids of American....-.......... 25, 28

correlation table;oper 22 0 oa ceac see teens 17-18

stratigraphy of American: .\ >. 25.222. ssesee ce 13-17

Carnites Mojsisovies ........-
Celoeceras Hyatt. -

Ceratitidte 2:..<* eh Ses eT 3, Se
Clarke, J. M., cited on Aganides jessie ................ 115
Clear Fork beds, species found in........-....-........ 16
Clinolobus Gemmellaro Q§
Conchyliolithus Nautilites Ammonites (listeri) Martin... . 93
Sphericus Martin: 2222. 0.22.5 senescence 78
CreU ath! ace cn ament an see foe teen cnn een none nee 19
Crick, G. C. See Foord, A. H., and Crick, G. C.
Cummins, W. F., acknowledgments to ................ 11
Cyclolobide , 28,129, 134-141
CyclolobusiWeaseenl sho et. ar oe os eweciee 20, 25, 129, 185
Gly menianG Wom Del sian oa). cink oeieelcocie selene aan 19, 23
Glivmenigeee see Nae Oe Meee cece ooeh scene ee De 23
Glyphites Weapons: = 224s oo Stee Seoeeene wee 35

208

Page.

Darelites Gemmellaro
Diener, C., cited on Hedenstreemia mojsisovic

cited on Medlicottia........-...-.----------------- 48
Dimeroceras Hyatt ....--.-.--.-.------------------- 23, 57, 67
Dimorphocere.......--.----+---+22+-2- 2222 erste een 33

Dimorphoceras Hyatt -

texanum Smith, sp. noy -.-...--- 16, 126-127 ,188, 146, 188
? Doryceras Gemmellaro .......---.-----------+------- 25, 128
Double Mountain beds, species found in ...-..-------- 16
Dumble, E. T., acknowledgments to .....-------------
F.
Fayetteville shale, species found in .......-----/+-+--- 14
Foord, A. H., and Crick, G. C., cited on Schistoceras .. 105
Frech, F., cited on Glyphioceratide...--.--.--.------- 57
cited on Goniatites divisus .....-.---.-----+------- 58
cited’ on Pronoritine .-.....-.-----.---+--+++----+- 41
G.
Gant, A. B., acknowledgments to 11

Gastrioceras Hyatt....-..--..---- 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 52, 57, 58, 65,

U, 26, 27, 58, 76, 124, 126-127,128 |
| ‘Glyphioceratids: :: 52.24... sees ante

11 |

76, 82-98, 102, 103, 105, 110, 111, 128, 135, 137,189 |

branneri Suvithe 2. cc. = sa 14, 46, 83-84, 145, 170
carbonarium von Buch ......--- 15, 84-86, 94, 96, 145, 170
compressum Hyatt...-.-..---------- 86, 145, 166
coronatum Foord and Crick....------ eas 85
diadema Goldfuss ......--------------- +s 64
entogonum Gabb .....-.-------- 14, 87, 168
excelsum Meek............---- 15, 88-89, 145, 180, 204, 206
globulosum Meek and Worthen ....--..----------- 15,

16, 88, 89-90, 97, 98, 135, 138, 145, 160, 190 |
jllinoisense Miller and Gurley ...-...----- 15, 91, 145, 182
Ji fOsses*Vierneuill. cs -> emt seen eeeet mene 83, 84, 90
listeri Martin. .+-.....-...- 15, 84, 85, 86, 93-94, 95, 145, 174
kansasense Miller and Gurley....-.-.- 15, 91-92, 145, 182
kingi Hall and Whitfield....-.......--. 92-98, 98, 145, 156

iChat hoybbasl AVA Gn Jes 2s Sbo Su sebecaeoaed 84, 93, 94 |
montgomeryense Miller and Gurley ..---- 15, 95, 145, 180
nolinense Cox ..---- See sesso 15, 95-96, 145, 158
occidentale Miller and Faber .-.---.--.--- 15, 96,145, 164
planorbiforme Shumard ........-..----------- 15,97,145
russiense Tzwetaev 82, 103

subecayum Miller and Gurley... 15, 16, 97,139, 138, 145, 182

welleri Smith, sp. noy ....-.--.----------- 15, 98, 145, 196
Gemmellaro, G. G., cited on Agathiceras.........--.-- 105
cited on Waagenoceras......:...---.--------------- 139
families recognized by: <.3---=~ 2-22 .-n--2-0---- = 20
Genera, table of Paleozoic ammondid............----- 23-24
(CD DEN Mae ho retisteraesscoppeche a yac-t coscaqseostecase 19
Gephyroceras Hyatt - 19,20, 21, 23

Gephyroceratidas sac... oe e= 20, 21, 93, 24,27, 33-34
19,

Glyphioceras Hyatt. --
§ 7,57, 58, 62-66, 76, 79, 82, 84, 90, 117
14, 15, 62-68, 144, 184

calyx Phillips -

carbonarium you Buch 85
erenistria -. 68
QUIN SIE yalbte eae i 70, 77, 80, 81, 101
diadema Goldfuss 63-64, 66, 67, 90, 144, 172
globulosum Meek and Worthem -...--..-..-------- 89
hathawayanum McChesney ....-.---------- 15, 64-65, 144
UTUCUS ATO EA bs bife ete alata alla et a= = 68, 70, 101
leviculum Miller and Faber......--------- 14, 65, 144, 164
Ca GHEN ASU Se Seo coher ek nak bens auocodeoo deere 93
MIcrong UMMee MWS =p eeea= = easel = a 119
mutabile Phillips 62, 63, 66
Ob tusnMYE blips eee eee eet aaa tee 90

INDEX.

Glyphitoceras OweniTIell ~e men acloome ann oeeeemiecsad oe
parallelum Hall
princepsideiKonin Chee. sas eee -attacine ee emai
pygmeum Winchell ......-----.-2-.-.-:.--

SRE ICU TUNEL eee = open tee hes ae ee
striatum! Sow ery .2- sce scene cee e-- nee
SEMOLCLUNL LE DULL DS eesti eles ote a=
subcrenatum Frech Se

21, 27, 33, 56-128

Bees 27, 58-111

7, 58, 62, 66-82, 117

Glyphioceratide s, str ....
Goniatites de Haan

CUED WIDOGOEN >. settee se oe =o ere 60, 123
andrewsi Winchell 59
barbonatus M. V. K 66
Davylorensia White 2.222.234 2. 2c sacsee se eeees =e 99
belvabenus'de-Koninek 20255. 20 le eseneeeannn ae 55
beyzichianum’' de) Koninek 2 52-).2- sa. esse ee <cle n= 64
bliowre Muller) and! Gurley 252s ce ents niolete 60
(hoya AN UI NG ne AU aaa enor oS ease oeao Secacson 59
COPY CHP DUDS tat clare re Se eee aE Se Mini oeataiale 62
COTDONANUS VON BUC) oni oe ae satelite alae cle atalctalatetet= 84, 85
choctawensis Shumard ==. - =. 2-22.22. 3. 67-68, 144
WCOMprellus MONON). =e ae see eet Pn ce 15, 141, 146
compactus Meek and Worthen......-.-..-..--..--- 52
erenistria Phillips 14,

15, 63, 66, 67, 68-76, 79, 80, 81, 144, 168, 176, 178, 180, 200
(CN TOMIN Sere eee see ee ee = einen 87
CH CLOTOURLS SUL PYS tec ete ete wlan a ta 43, 46
diadema. Golatuss fs eo tae a le lela 62,63
divisus Muenster ....--. 5S
elkhornensis Miller and Gurley 143
Cap fefe (ey EM E42) 9) brs =e SA arene ae Bsa SOS ase a 87
OxpaNsUs VANUEREML 9... ss 255 eee ween 32
Sultonensis Miller and Gurley ...-.....------------- 106
gilbextsoni Philips ses ssn n= see oceans 126
globulosus Meek and Worthen ........-.-.--.--- 88, 89, 99

NAN: CX CEIRURIN COM eG a.n= oes sew eae cises s yaetceees ;

goniolobus Meek
gorbyi Miller

greencastlensis Miller and Gurley...
greenii Miller

hathawayana McChesney . -.-.-.-.---.:------------ 64
henslowi eb ipa sess hw sean eco eee eete

holmest Swallow ssa} > sana oes eee eee eens

houghtoni Winchell a

nyas Halles eee eee eee ee ee am cc eiee toe

illinoisensis Miller and Gurley 91
INCLANEN STAN LON ase acile = = nineteen ee Oe ees 118
iowensis Meek and Worthen .....-.....-.-..----- 100, 101
éxion Halls ees ete ne es be ove semotneetere 112,113
jessies MillerandGurley-2-<o2- = << cess ale misl 115
kansasensis Miller and Gurley ......-.--..--------- 91
kentuckiensis Miller: .---. 2-2 22...--5.--- 14, 77,81, 144, 182
kingt Halland Whittield)<- <2: - 2-2 =. 2 Joe ee 92
keingianus My Wakes seats eso te eee 132
leviculus Miller and Faber......-.--....-+.--.----- 65
limatus Miller/and Waber=....---.......--..22..22- 124
TNeATS MN eNSten- eras seen es oe aa ee ae 58
Tisteri Mamie ea eee eens Sones 64, 85, 93
LOUIMLONENSTS ROWICY seen nesses nen eee eee a4
lunatus Miller and Gurley.-....--.-.--- 15, 77-78, 144, 160
lyoni Meek and Worthen .....-....-.-.------------ 54, 59
mammillifer Sandberger -.......-...--------..---- 67
moarsnauensis Winchell 2 =~. = 3--5-- 52-2 35.----2-6s 55
YSiobhovbaoybe pels inet hws label nA ee EEO Roe eae 141, 146
missouriensis Miller and Faber ...-----.-----.----- 111
mixolobus Sandberger ....................-------- 45, 51
MONTOENSISIWOLUNEN se. e enw e aaa e eaten ee eee 34

INDEX. 209

Page.
Goniatites montgomeryense Miller and Gurley .........- 95
MOF OONENELA SS WELLOW! «calc sian ace aan ase as 119
DUAR LLL OS em oats aisle me ieee TS Wis ano an 62

newsomi Smith, sp. noy 9 144, 182

obtusus Phillips . 62, 66
nolinensis COX........++2++0005 95
occidentalis Miller and Faber ...........----------- 96
ORLOETISIS NYC HG eia 5 own tannnienie esi = <= e == 59
opimus White and Whitfield............-..-------- 82,33
OTOUGM CONES Vat Net imal eters la ete vis eae iaf ole etaie ta alain 47 |
osagensis Swallow. - us 119
oweni Hall ........- - 120,121
var. parallela Hall... 121
pele Wh ibis Gt |e ee ee ee co deeeeenesooeS 7
parrishi Miller and Gurley..................-.----- 127
RDB US SH ANG asset on <la~ alate wteleiwic == 16, 142, 146
planorbiformis Shumard ........-..----------++-+-+ 97
MBOUSUS S DUM Ard ins etemeee aes e ene 15, 142, 146
DrINCEPRI COUN OUI Okie astemetae ein an)n aloes ariel eine === 60, 61
propinquus Winchell 115
pygmeus Winchell. 65
romingeri Winchell . . : 116
rotatorius de Koninck /:..----2<-/-----=-<+:-- 112,113,114
sciotoensis Miller and Faber....-.-...--.---------- 116
ReMpem nous PPh ips! seeeee o.oo semen ee 45
shumardtanus Winchell. ----.--.--.--.----------=«-- 117
sphericus Martin 14,

15, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 78-79, 80, 81, 83, 89, 144

spirorbis Phillips 33
SHMATUSINO WELD Veen sete Senta ant orem as ers 14, 15, 62, 63,

66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80-81, 87, 93, 144, 168, 200
subcavus Miller and Gurley.........*.....----.---- 97
subcircularis Miller ...........--..- 14, 78, 81-82, 144, 200
subnautilinus Schlotheim ...............---------- 72
SULCATUSMUCUSLCL sen soa eat eee 58
PSUlCIErUs WANCH EM oe se eect a eee eee == 142

tetragonus Roemer
texanus Shumard ..
Gonioloboceras Hyatt.

_.. 24,25, 26, 27, 58, 76, 123-126, 128

a@lleiswWinchell <2.<s2s5¢ 2-22: 22s tenance scons ae ses 128,145
goniolobum Meek.................. 123-124, 125, 146, 156
limatum Miller and Faber............... 14, 124, 146, 164
welleri Smith, sp.nov.... 15, 16, 125-126, 138, 146, 185, 190
Graham, G. A., acknowledgments to.......-.......---- 11
Gurley, W. F. E. See Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.
(CAO UD fk BREA SA ganar SS ODES ROOSRD ADO CSeee aac 21
H.
Haan de, cited-on Goniatites.......-.-......2-2.cese0e 66
HlaMerites MOJSISOVICS! <n sete emieeicinee sie aditeeeiemeeae 49
Haug, E., cited on Gastrioceras carbonarium ......... 85
PILECLONIGAVDLOCETAS*. Jo =. Aon cnescaccey esse odencee 62
eitedion) Glyphioceratidie:—-<- - 2-2. <n - 2s sees 57
cited on Goniatites -............ 66
cited on Goniatites greencastlensis 76
cited on Medlicottia ............. a0 49
Citedon Muensteroceras...-...-. 2-05 .=-52-25sa5e= 118
ieitedion NOmISMmOCeras” tac: cocci son Jes ese 33
e1tedion: Prolecanites/s226 0.02 sacclsscRccaseseoee es 51
ertedionserolecanitides Sees... -- oe aceneen eee 51
cited on Pronorites ........-.. 41
citedion SChistocerage = <-.en=se=seies, ee a eee 105

cited on Schistoceras fultonense
cited on Schistoceras hildrethi.. ne
Classification by; ose. S-s< a8 u2s se ocs-coce ee ee eee

MON XLII—02

Hedenstroeemia Waagen

mojsisoviesi Diener.
Hedenstroemine ae
Holzapfel, E., cited on Ibergiceras .........

51
cited on Ibergiceras tetragonus Roemer. . 42
cited on Nomismoceras.......... eeaseses SA BA
cited’ on Pericyclus kochi ..........-.. BE ee Rachorac 60

Hlomoceras Hyalttcs. ssecses.neeecec easter ercs deed secs 20, 62
COUR NINDS aes arrestee ieee me aia ae niale in = 62

Tungarites: Mojsisovicsi- os cs. cases o- 50 cise enemas en 21, 24

Hungaritide eee 24

Hyatt, A., acknowledgments to .-- 11
cited on Anarcestes.......... 72
cltedion.Gastrioceras <-- ... 25-22 see eee an §2
cited on Glyphioceratide................... 56
cited on Goniatites spheericus ........ -...-----..- 66
eitedion Muensteroceras.----.- + 22- see see eee see = 117
cited on Muensteroceras oweni..........-....----- 121
cited ion:Nomismioceras ><. -25-.2.-ssee=cccts ay ence 33
cited on Paralegoceras.......-- 103
cited on Paralegoceras iowense. . 101
cited on Pericyclus............ 60
cited on Popanoceras . 132
eited on Prionoceras. . 5S 58
quoted on Gastrioceras compressum........--..--- 86
quoted on Gastrioceras entogonum............-.-- 87
quoted) onliSchistocerassess: se apeea= see eeeee 104-105
Subdivisionsimade bytec-=-no-neere eee eee eens 19-20

Hyattoceras Gemmellaro...............-...-- 25, 129, 135, 137

Te

Iberviceras:Karpinskya-caseesce teen ae en eee 41, 42, 45, 51
tetraponus Roemer 2.2. 2---s22ssesnscecnces ae aes 41,42

Jiberricerati Gis = cee tense ee eae eee eee eee 21,51

Trrepulares: 1. soi < osc oa ani sot Sect ae oe aeementiare nae 19

J.
Jackson, R. T., acknowledgments to.................. il
K.

Karpinsky, A., cited on fauna of Ural Mountains. ..--. 20
cited on Gastrioceras globulosum.................. 90
eited'onMedlicotiia= 25. ..cee eee ce eee nee. 48, 130
quoted on Pronorites eyclobus var. arkansasensis. 44
cited on Pronorites cyclolobus var. uralensis ...... 46
cited on Schistoceras ........-.-.

Kinderhook, fossils of -... me ae
Koninck, L. G. de, cited on Pronorites cyclolobus

Man ceoletier es ce. sn eon at aenslmalestele =) tials ss emis seme 19
bechMites! MO ISISOVICS 22. adcs -e-eacia2 iene Peete 23,33
Lecanitide 23
Linguati. --

Giguierh psesc= 6 Sa6bAM eo sest apeoe sees yer 64-65
Mrenieceras Hyatt a... - 22 - sion een sceacctmewe as 19, 20, 21, 23
Maen OselHaresy jenmentecestecbicmccerecns soe sesh aeeceen es 19
Magnosellaridge. (i002. 22 2 oc. <ccsewonscesceeedsvan cee 20, 128
Manticoceragiblyatt®---sti2--- 2.5652 hcg. feet eee ss 20, 23
Marshall group, species found in...................... 13

210

Page.
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., quoted on Parale-
goceras iowemnse ....-.-..-.---------------- 100
MeCCEOCETAS 2.2 = =e cee «on lala cinoma = eles internal 33
Meek OCersbi elses oe came ee sete aie (ome eral ete tare 33
Meraphyllites|sence. ae e ees g one nneem mn 135 |
Medlicottia Waagen........- 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 41, 42, 47-49, 141
(HajsenA WA cse5soncksoosencS . 16, 48-49, 144, 192 |
Medlicottinze 36, 48
Middle Coal Measures, species found in .........------ 15
Miller, S. A., cited on Prodromites .........-.--------- 34
Miller, §. A., and Faber, C., quoted on Aganides scio-
OCTISIS ya cate eta e i tastetete ete ore lcreiela eis mena iam 116-117
quoted on Gonioloboceras limatum ......--------- 124
Miller, §. A., and Gurley, W. F. E., quoted on Gastrio-
PETES MIN GISOURC cme eee er aensee see 91
quoted on Schistoceras fultonense 106

27, 58, 125, 127-128
. 15, 127-128, 146, 180
19; 21,23

Milleroceras Hyatt
parrishi Miller and Gurley- -
Mimoceras Hyatt

Mojsisovies, E. von, cited on Anarcestes ...--..------- 72
citediontProlecamiteses-- see eee eee 51
subdivisionsimade by. .---. <c-----ee----2----=---= 19

Won ophyllites see .seeee se <aaeteeets ein 135

Muensteroceras Hyatt 14,

20, 24, 25, 27,57, 58, 76, 117-128, 124, 125, 145
barroisi Holzapfel --. 121

? holmesi Swallow .-..
?indianense Miller .-

?morganense Swallow.......-.-.------------ 13, 119, 145
osagense Swallow ......-------------- 13, 14, 119, 145, 196
OWeninblalloe eee eco. = 13, 37, 55, 120-121, 122, 145, 186
parallelum Hall .......--- 13, 37, 55, 121-123, 145, 180, 156
OG HEDIS WENT peace oR Reece er re roasocspe aco secess 120,121
N.
ING Han ED TOGTS EPS & scone onooccocanececose So ssooSueascbeenes 19
INT AO bn bee eo ORE Seer GSAS aber oomcos SE ponebaGe s 19
INICOICOCELAS ero ec one ace ae Re eee eae 26, 28,148

15, 143,146, 180

elkhornense Miller and Gurley E
20, 21, 23, 26, 27, 33-34

Nomismoceras Hyatt -.

monroense Worthen .......-.--.---.------ 114, 84, 144, 158
Nyt Eee So eoecp gece ecosocacce sees aco tdecco 19, 24, 27, 49-51
0.

Orbulita sphericus Martin..........--2-92-s--++0-e-0-- 78
Osage stage, species of - .

@PLOCeras Gries PACH ieee cae cane <li ate eater rete

15

Paleozoic ammonoid genera, table of.........--------- 23-24
Paleozoic ammonoids, classification of ...........----- 19-25
? Paraceltites Gemmellaro.........-.-.--..------------ 24
Paralecanites Dien ermas-o-—---me=ca nan S06 23
ParalerOcerasimely aul see ae sees eee ase Rea 20,

24, 26, 27, 57, 58, 76, 82, 84, 91, 99-104, 105, 106,
109, 110, 111, 126, 128, 180, 131, 135, 136, 137, 1389
baylorense White - 16,89, 99-100, 145, 156

illinoisensis Miller and Gurley ....--..-.----------- 91
iowense Meek and Worthen.....-....-.----------- 14,

15, 100-101, 102, 103, 145, 156, 166

newsomi Smith, sp. nov ....--..-.------- 15, 101-104, 145
texanum Shumard......... --14, 108, 104, 145
tschernyschewi Karpinsky ..........-..-.--.---.-- 103
Parapopanoceras .....------ Babs)
Paraprolecanites Karpinsky 21, 24, 33, 42, 45, 51
IP BPeDTOMOLILEN estes ateletetne ot niet teiaeteiatoialeiaterel= = ae elan ec mtefe tate 21,42

INDEX.

Page.
Parodoceras Hyatt. ...-_-2os------eesene 20, 21, 23, 56, 57, 72, 76
Pericy clidsemsen. yeccee ere tienes estes eee eee 60
PericyelusiMojsisovicse- =. sees ese eee ee ee 14,

19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 57, 60-61. 67, 76, 118
blairi Miller and Gurley. . -- 13, 60-61, 144, 180

kochi Holzapfel ......-- 60, 180
OUNCE AIL Siesta ie nna eet see eet 120
= princepside Koninck yee. ses-se- <= - 61,144
Permian, species:found ins oss.cs.. <2. 02-4 eee eee 16

Pharcicerdsihivatit: oc: co acetsee oe sine xen. eee 20, 21, 24

JPR ENS COCETAS MTEC Ia. cee ato nls eee ee 24
Phillips, J., cited on Pronorites cyclolobus ...........- 46
PHY IOGenas Ra seeps cate eetnes: catctay os tS ee ee oe 140
Pinacites Mojsisovics - = 19,20, 21,2
' Pinacoceratide .......-- 20, 35, 36
Popanoceras Hyatt... 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 128, 129, 132-134, 135, 141
CUNUMUTEU WV DELE < ta1n <\</ he winning eee 139
ganti Smith, sp. nov ............ 16, 182-133, 138, 146, 190
parkeri Hellprini-----ie2s+= cose ease 15, 132, 133, 146, 150
walcotti- White 2: 2151s 2. a. cesses 18) 182, 134, 146, 192
POpaANOCeratidee fee renee ene eee e20; 5, 28, 128, 180-184
PEEMOLOLAL EG e sao eet yen Sa Sie ae ae 19
Primordialide. sc 20
Prionoceras Hyatt. 19, 20, 21, 24, 25 , 98-60, 67, 73, 74,76
andrewsi Winchellie 2422s. -5e 22-2 se =ee 13, 59, 144
belvalianum'de Koninek.<>.--- Jo... --<.-...-2.5 56, 73
7ibrownensewMallens Jeon cemcc sees ace sse acces 59,144, 158
compactum Meek and Worthen ............-..---.- 52
divisum Muenster ....-.....-.- aA 73
? ohioense Winchell. 59-60, 144
Probeloceras Clarke .... 24
Procladiscitésyu.2-qsnets s-nacseee ceascece cas = 285)
Prodromites Smith and Weller ........ 24, 25, 26, 27, 3441.47

gorbyi Miller. 18,14, 34, 36, 87-39, 40, 41, 55, 121, 144, 194, 198
ornatus Smith, sp. nov 18, 39-40, 144, 198

prematurus Smith and Weller ...............---.-.- 13,

36, 37, 40-41, 55, 121, 144, 198

PLOGUCTUS ¢2 2 <5 se eee Reese eee oe 21
cestriensis Meek...... 84
Prolecanites Mojsisovics- - 14,

19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 42,45, 51-56
?compactus Meek and Worthen 15, 62,144, 158

greenil Miller Ss sssoeen nist anne ces 13, 52-53, 144, 164
gurleyi;Smithysp.,Noves.-.------------=<22- 13, 58, 144, 196
henslowi Sowerby 54

houghtoni Winchell ...

? louisianensis Rowley ... --- 18, 64,144

lyoni Meek and Worthen... 5 13,
37, 52, 53, 54-55, 56, 144, 160, 180, 186
marshallensis Winchell.............-..---- 18, 55-56, 144

serpentinus Phillips

Prolecanitidars a. cee eeeeeee eee nee sere ese -
PrOleCaDi tides! Seen wee epee eee ea
Prolecani tides) Sin seen eete eee eee son ncaci teers 51-56
Prolobites Karpinsky. 21, 23
Promedlicottia ..... 42
IPYONAMN TESA ano eee ero ern tee ee acon aire 21, 24
Pronorites Mojsisovies ..... 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 41-47, 48, 50, 51
DarroisiiKarpinkk yase-eeesecee ee = a eee de 46
eyclolobus Phillips -.............- 41, 43, 46, 51, 54, 172, 174
var. arkansasensis Smith ......- 14, 438-47,84, 144, 172
var. uralensis Karpinsky -...--. -- 43,45, 46,47
mixolobus!ehilipse sseeesee eee eee eae leet 56
preepermicus Karpinskiy 22.02.2452 -sc-ae == nee 172
siebenthali.........-.-- . 15, 47,144, 170
Pronoritid eyo. = cca eee eee ese 24,27, 41-49

Propinacoceras Gemmellaro....--..---- Goren mochoG 21, 24, 41

INDEX.

Page.
MESCHOATIChI LER rPCheeee-ee. ace e eee een ke 24
Pseudonomismoceras Frech.................--.--..-.. 23
Ptychites cumminsi White ... 139
ERY CRUG Serta ocn somes trcsuee: Ae ee ee mer 58
R.
Rockford, Ind., species found at ...................... 13
Roemer, F., cited on Glyphioceras listeri............. 64
cited on Pronorites cyclolobus ..........-.-....... 46
Ss.
Hbgeceras Mojaisovacssees- cece tes eee ocece ccc 20
St. Louis-Chester stage, species of................. 14
Sandberger, G. and F., subdivisions made D¥inseeecoee 19
Sandbergeroceras Hyatt..............-.......... 19, 20, 21, 24
BELT Sec Se erence <= AeD ge CECE Bea EA ee eee eee ee 19
NCHistacerasiea ye theeeees = seca eee 20, 24; 26, 27, 58, 76,

104-111, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 187,139
fultonense Millerand Gurley.... 15, 105, 106-107, 145, 180

InVELe iO MOrtoniess ease eee se 15,
16, 102, 105, 107-108, 109, 111, 138, 145, 154
NY ACLIOSHN DOs es nOVaee een eee ee | 16,

104, 106, 107, 108-111, 145, 188, 190

missouriense Millerand Faber... 16, 103, 107, 111,145, 164
Schuchert, Charles, acknowledgments to ............. 11
Schuchertites Smith, gen. noy ........_.. 24, 26, 27, 49-50
grahami Smith, sp. noy -- 16, 50-51, 138, 144, 190
Shumard, B. F., quoted on Goniatites choctawensis .. 67-68

quoted on Paralegoceras texanum .........._..... 104
Shumardites Smith ........... 25, 26, 28, 128, 129, 184-138, 139
simondsi Smith, sp. noy ........ 16, 184, 185-188, 146, 154
Sicanites Gemmellaro ..._.....-...<<:-----------... 24, 41, 42
Simonds, F. W., acknowledgments to................. 11
Simplices eee eek an ye ee ee eee 19
SPIT] Bye see eects arene eee eee ee 31
Sporadoceras Hyatt.............. - 19; 20, 21, 23,57, 67
mammilliferum Sandberger 67
subinvolutum Muenster .................. =: 67
Stacheoceras Gemmellaro ..................... 21, 25, 128, 135
Steinmann. G., classification by....................... 21

211

Page.
Suess, E., cited on Ammonites in Mediterranean
MERION Ic. see owe te hey een 129
Ue,
Thalassoceras Gemmellaro ............................ 21, 25
Timanites Mojsisovics seee pede
MornoceragiEly atin esses seen a eee 56, 57, 58,115
retrorsum yon Buch. 172
Lrimuoceras Hynth-caececencn-c teen oe aoe 20, 21, 24
Bropites:-. case aacee eee eee ene eetae Aone ee ee 76
POD a... «sens eee ee ee ee 20, 58, 76, 83
Tzwetaey, M., cited on Brancoceras rotatorium....... 114
U.
Upper Coal Measures, species found in ................ 15-16
W.
Waagen, W., cited on Hedenstreemia .................. 35
genera recognized by..........--.-.-.2s.-.- 20
Waagenoceras Gemmellaro....................... eae: eth
8, 128, 129, 137, 138-141
cumminsi White ........... -. 16, 189-140, 146, 192
hilli Smith, sp. nov ........ - 16, 140-141,146, 202
stachei Gemmellaro 140
- 13-14
- 11,40
32-33
20
quoted on Paralegoceras baylorense............... 99
quoted on Popanoceras Walcotti .................. 134
Wichita beds, species found in ........................ 16
Worthen, A. H. See Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H.
xX.

REN ASDIS WARE ONE coot 5 an ease eee eee ee 23
Xenodiscus Waagen ... 20, 23
Z.

Zittel, K. A. yon, cited on Gastrioceras................. 82

citedioniiPrionoceras--Ja-saceeeeeee ee ee 57

O

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY,
[Monograph XLII. ]

The serial publications of the United States Geological Survey consist of (1)
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United States. Department of the interior. (U.S. geological survey.)

Department of the interior | — | Monographs | of the | United
States geological survey | Volume XLII | [Seal of the depart-
ment] |

Washington | government printing office | 1903

Second title: United States geological survey | Charles D. Wal-
cott, director | — | The | Carboniferous ammonoids of America |
by | James Perrin Smith | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1903

4°, 211 pp., 29 pls.

Smith (James Perrin).

United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di-
rector | — | The | Carboniferous ammonoids of America | by |
James Perrin Smith | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1903

4°. 211 pp., 29 pls.

[UNITED STATES. Department of the interior. (U. S. geological survey.)
Monograph XLII.]

United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di
rector | — | The | Carboniferous ammonoids of America | by |
James Perrin Smith | [Vignette] |

Washington | government printing office | 1903

4°, 211 pp., 29 pls.

[UNITED States. Department of the interior. (U. 8S. geological survey.)
Monograph XLII.]

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