CARNIVOROUS PLANT NEWSLETTER VOLUME 23, NUMBER 1 MARCH 1994 Front cover: Dosera arcturi, Warren Burn Swamp, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Rear Cover: Dosera stenopetala, Mt. Memphis, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Both photos by Bruce Salmon. See article this issue. The co-editors of CPN would like everyone to pay particular attention to the following policies regarding your dues to the ICPS. All Correspondence regarding dues, address changes and missing issues should be sent to ICPS c/o Fullerton Arboretum, CSUF, Fullerton, CA 92634, DO NOT SEND TO THE CO-EDITORS. Checks for subscription and reprints should be made payable to ICPS. All material for publication, comments and general correspondence about your plants, field trips or special noteworthy events relating to CP should be directed to one of the co-editors. We are interested in all news related to carnivorous plants and rely on the membership to supply us with this information so that we can share it with others. Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors, not necessarily the editorial staff. CO-EDITORS D.E. Schnell, Rt. 1, Box 145C, Pulaski, VA 24301 J.A. Mazrimas, 329 Helen Way, Livermore, CA 94550 Steve Baker, Rt. 1, Box 540-19AB, Conover, NC 28613 (Internet Address: STEVEB4706@AOL.COM) Seed Bank: Tom Johnson, P.O. Box 12281, Glendale, CA 91224-0981. ACTING BUSINESS MANAGER AND MANAGING EDITOR: Leo C. Song, Jr. (Internet Address: LEOSONG@FULLERTON.EDU) PUBLISHER: The International Carnivorous Plant Society by the Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634. Published quarterly with one volume annually. Desktop Publishing: Steve Baker, Rt. 1, Box 540-19AB, Conover, NC 28613. Printer: KandidLitho, 1077 East Edna Place; Covina, CA 91724. Dues: $15.00 annually. $20.00 foreign. Reprints available by volume only © 1994 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. All rights reserved. ISSN #0190-9215. Circulation 650 (177 new, 473 renewal). 2 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter ICPS Seedbank C/0 Thomas J. Johnson, P.O. Box 12281, Glendale, CA 91224-0981 1/23/94 Update Cap6ella bursa- pas tori s (1) Dionea musripuJa Droeophyllum lusitanicum (3) Drosera adelae Ved flower* (2) D. Bdmirabilis (1) D. aliciae D. snglica Gold Lake Bog, OR (1) D. aurieulata (5) D. burkeana (4) D. burmanni (2) D. capenais D. capensis 'alba' (7) D. capensis "Giant’ (1), wide leaf (L) D, capensis 'Narrow Leaf D. capensis Ved leaf (3) D. capensis wde If. dk prple flwr (5) D, capillaris (3) & alba (4) D. capillaris ‘pink' (3) D. capillaris long leaf (1) D. coccicauli8 (1) D. collineae (3) D, dielsiana D. filiformis filiformis (8) D. filiformis X Calif Sunset (2) D. indica (3) D. glanduligera D. indica Vd pit, pk flwr 1 D. indica Vd pit, orange flwr 1 D. indica ‘grn pit, pk Awr 1 D. indica ‘white’ (10) D. intermedia D. intermedia 'Carolina Giant’ D. intermedia Tropical’ D. intermedia Cuba (1) D. intermedia Giant (2) D. intermedia “Brunswick, N-C." D, intermedia Brazil’ (1) D. intermedia ‘Mt. roraime’ (1) D. intermedia 'Pine Barrens’ D. intermedia ‘Walker Lk, Ont.’ (2) D. natalensi&(5) D. peltata ‘green rosette’ Molcoa, NSW D. neesii esp. neesii D. platypoda D. platystigma D. ramellosa D. rotundifolia ’Bruce Penn, CAN 1 (2) D. rolundifoHa ‘Haines, AL’ (15) D. rotundifolia ‘Mendocino County, CA' (2) D. rotundifolia 'Preelton, OnL, Canada’ (10) D. rotundifolia ‘S. Bohema Czech Rep.’ D. epatulata (6) D. epatulata ’aihmi Prefect, Japan’ D. epatulata ‘Kansai’ D. epatulata Bairy eepale’ Gympie, QLD (11) D. 6patulata ‘North Island’, N2 (3) D. epatulata 'Victoria' (4) D. epatulata 'Hong Kong 1 (5) D. epatulata “Queensland' (2) D, epatulata New Zealand’ (3) D. species S. Africa rosette (4) D. sp. ‘Magaliesburg’ (9) Sarracenia alata (3) S. alata Nigrapurpurea (6) S. Dava S. flava Titzgerald, GA’ (10) S, flava ‘all green’ (1) S, flava ’typica’ N.C. (5) S, flava “Ben Hill County, GA’ S. flava Vuby throat' (6) S. leucophylla S. leucophylla 'all red’ (8) S. leucophylla ’dark purple venation’ (6) S. leucophylla yellow fir, while top (9) S. leucophylla *yellow river, Chipola' (1) S. minor S, minor Ben Hill County, GA’ (6) S. oreophila 'colored veins, wide mouth’ (4) S. oreophila 'palegm, tall form’ (13) S. purpurea S. purpurea purpurea (10) S. purpurea venosa East. NC (4) S. purp venosa (7) S. rubra S. rubra gulfensis (3) S. rubra jonesii (13) S, X alata X minor (2) S. X (alata X psitacina) X alata (?) S. X flava X leucophylla (4) S. X (flava red X leuco) X self (1) S. X flava X psittarina (1) S. X leuco X alata (6) S. X leuco X S. rubra (6) S. X minor X flava (S. X barperi) (3) S. X mitcheliiana X S. leucophylla (3) S. X prittadna X rubra (5) S. X chelsonii (15) S. X williesi (6) Utriculana chrysantha U. lateriflora (2) U. uliginosa f. albida (5) P. alpina W. Slovakia (13) P. moranensis (1) P. moranensis caudata (1) P. vulgaria (1) P. vulgaris Jeeeniky Mt$, Czech Rep. N, X thorelh X ? (1) PLEASE INCLUDE A SELF-ADDRESSED STAMPED ENVELOP WITH ALL U S. CORRESPONDENCE ( ) indicates number of seed packets — usually under 15 $1,00 per packet Seed Donations are needed and are gladly accepted. I've shipped out over 500 packets of seed since Dec 1st, so the Demand is quite great. Please list substitutes. Checks should be made out to ICPS. This seed update was current as of January 23, 1994, so expect many changes. Updates are available for an SASE. Volume 23 March 1994 3 NEPENTHES HYBRID CROSSES MADE BY: Bruce Lee Bednar & Or gel Clyde Bramblett YEAR CROSS BREEDER HYBRID NAME 1982 khasiana x ventricosa (green form) Bramblett 1982 mirabilis (Australian) x mixta superba Lang/Bramblett -- 1982 ventricosa (green form) x ventrata G Bednar x "LeeAnn Marie" 1983 khasiana x ventrata G Bednar x khasiata 1983 kampoliana x ventricosa (pink- Laguna Pro.) Bednar x margaretea 1983 kampotiana x khasiana Bednar x sullivanii 1983 mirabilis 'Gold SLar'x mixta superba Bednar x lees si i 1984. rokko x mixta superba Bednar x excellent var. superba var. "Jessica Lauren 1984 kampotiana x maxima Bednar x splendiana 1983 Balmy kotox Dominii var. intermedia Rednar/W eigner x weignerti 1985 rokko x Savanah Rose Bra m b let t/ Joh n son - 1985 cisoensis x witlei Bramblett , — 1995 cisoensis x mixta superba? Bramblett . — 1986 mixta x ventricosa (pink-Laguna Pro,) Bedna nR ramble tt x madisonii 1986 kampotiana x mixta superba Bednar/Rramblett x redlanderii 1986 splendiana x mixta superba Bednar/Bramblett x dianiana 1986 therein x Savanah Rose Bednar/Rramblett x "Dwarf Peacock" 1986 ventrata x hibberdii Bednar/Bramblett x "Michael Lee" 1987 rafflesiana x margaretea Bedna r/Bra mble tt x wilsonii 1987 mirabilis x Ted Payne Bedna r/B rs mbl e tt — 1987 margaretea x sullivanii Bednar/Bramblett x "Mary Cruz’ 1988 loe.Bsii x splendiana Bed na r/B ra mble tt x "Cathy Jo’ 1988 margaretea x hibberdii Bedna r/Rrambletl x kalamity 1988 margaretea x mirahilis (Australian) Bednar/Bramblett x blakci 1988 ventrata x Savanah Rose Bednar/Bramblett x inexpectus 1989 truncalata x margaretea Bednar/Bramblett x yarosis 1989 thorelii x rafTlesiana nivea Bednar/Bramblett x“Amy Michelle" 1989 splendiana x reinwardtiana Bednar/Bramblett x harrisiana 1989 splendiana x redlancterii Bedna r/B ra mbl e tt — 1989 splendiana x accentual koto Bednar/Bramblett x mathesonii 1989 morganiana x mirabilis (Australian) Bednar/Bramblett x cravenii 1989 mixta x fulgent koto Bednar/Bramblett x davineana 1989 distillatoria rubra x ventricosa (pink) Bed na r/B ra mble tt x butcherii var. *Alta May" 1990 splendiana x Bullivanii Bednar/Bramblett x vandiana 1990 hachijo x (thorelii x dyeriana) Bednar/Bramblett x h arel i ana var. alba var. vittata var. rouge var. "Boca Roan" 1992 splendiana x ventricosa (pink) Bednar/Bramblwtt x sheddaniana 1992 margaretea x khasiana Bednar/Bramblett x andrewensis Female parent is listed first, pollinator second Editorial note: I would like to apologize to both Bruce Bednar and Clyde Bramblett for the list that was placed in the December 1993 issue of CPN. According to Bruce the list printed was not complete and had many misspellings. So please disregard the previous list and use the above list as your point of reference to there Nepenthes Hybrid Crosses. Sorry guys I hope this helps your cause and please keep us updated of new crosses. Want Ad Paul Milauskas (38 Manchester Court, Fox River Grove, IL 60021, 708/639-2998). Want to buy or trade for: Nepenthes villosa , N. truncata . Can trade N. chelsonii x irregulata , or perhaps others. 4 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter CALL FOR ARTICLES AND PHOTOS Now that CPN is caught up and publishing on time, our supply of articles, notes, etc* is getting thin again. Before spring and then summer come on and you get busy outdoors or with your plants, consider doing that article to submit for consideration in CPN. Several folks have sent nice articles on CPcompanion plants and other things somewhat peripheral to CP and we have had to turn them down since there are other venues for other kinds of plants and we believe our readers wish us to stick as close to CP as possible. When doing your article, please refer to requirements printed on the inside hack covers of recent CPN issues, particularly regarding typing, word processing and spacing of lines. The time lias come to put out a call for quality photos for front and back cover use. Again, we have pretty well run through our supply of contributor photos for covers and rather than run pictures from private editorial collections all the time, we would like to look at more reader material. A few basic rules on the photos. We prefer 35 mm slides but good quality prints can now be accepted. Number the slide margin and lightly on backs of prints and write identification and other legend info on a separate sheet of paper for each photo number. Do not write on the backs of prints. All material must be sharp with backgrounds that do not absorb the subject. W T e prefer subjects that have not appeared often on covers or in the pages of CPN previously, although unusual shots of some common material may be used. W r e will project slides and examine prints closely and promptly return those that seem not technically useful. Those we hold, with your permission, may not appear for a year or more since there will only be eight front and back covers per year. We may use occasional photos as spot illustrations in an issue where the articles do not have photos submitted by the authors. We will endeavor to return all material held for use promptly after use. However, the safest course is to submit a duplicate in case ofloss so you will have the original. One other point. Usually, photographers and growers are anxious to be credited for a photo, and that is general policy in most publications including CPN. However, we have regrettably been informed that theft of plants is again on the rise and some grower/photographers do not wish to publicize that they are so successfully growing a certain species. We certainly abhor the practice of plant theft and do not wish to in directly contribute toil. Therefore, if you wish to submit photos for the sake of reader enjoyment, and knowing that you grew or photographed certain plants, we can use them without acknowledging the identity of the grower and/or photographer. We do not want to discourage submission of super material because of unscrupulous people in the world and we hope that those of you who may be at risk will consider CPN anyway. We also pledge not to privately reveal the source of the plant or picture. Remember to request anonymity if you wish, otherwise we wall assume acknowledg- ment is desired. Written material (and photos to accompany it) can be sent to either Joe or Don. Send “unattached'’ potential cover photos to Don. News and Views PhiU Mann (16 Osborne Road, Mt. Barker, 6324, West Australia) During the month of July I succeeded in traveling the 4,500 kilometers to the north west of our state, an area known as the Kimberly’s. I stayed with friends at the Drysdale River Station and managed to make time to search for C.P.’s in the surrounding areas. During the week and a half there I found four forms of Drosera indica — green plants with light pink flowers, green plants with deep pink flowers, red plants with very dark pink flowers and red plants with orange flowers. Byblis liniflora grew everywhere in three forms — white flowered, type plants with pink flowers and the very dark form with dark pink flowers. Drosera petiolaris grew in many 1 orations and the four forms appeared to be very common. Although it was very dry at this time and most Drosera were going dormant D . petiolaris was still very large and attractive. Tire small form growing in the damp creek beds and only managing 1 cm in size, to the great wooley form reaching 8 cm across. Utricularias were every where and the most common was U. chrysantha as it gave some of the valleys the golden tinge of colour. There were two blue flowering terrestrial utrics, two yellow aquatics and a beautiful tiny u tide that only grew 2 cm tall with white flowers having a light touch of mauve. I located this utric after spending a few hours on hands and knees locating the tiny Drosera banksii. Just north of Drysdale (150kms) is the Mitchell river plateau, an area that is unique and very spectacular, and a botanist’s heaven as there exists small pockets of rain forest, but most are inaccessible, I made one such trip by helicopter, the area was so amazing as there were plants everywhere that were so strange and so many that were not known from our state. Unfortunately I ran out of time and film, so I have made plans for the return trip, but I have decided I will fly the 4,500kms as I wasted so much plant collecting time on the road. I collected seed of most of the C.P.s and have sent most of it to the C.P. Seed banks for those who wish to try these great plants. I am now attempting to introduce these plants into tissue culture with some great success so far. Chad Williams (2929 S. Branson, Marion, IN 46953) I've been a member for one year now, and I must say I am very pleased with the Newsletter (magazine) that the ICPS puts out. I enjoy reading all the articles in it I only have a small collection of carnivorous plants consisting of D. capensis, D . capillaris , several Sarracenia, and Venus flytraps. I also had very good luck with an outdoor bog this past summer, it was a small one, only having about 15 Dionaea muscipula, and several San'acenias. I would like to say a special thanks to Peter Pauls Nurseries, for answering so many questions for me, and sending very healthy plants. I would love to hear from anyone who has interests in CP's. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS OF WHANGAMARINO SWAMP NEW ZEALAND by Bruce Salmon, 13 Rothery Road, Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand In late November, 1991, three friends and I drove about 45 minutes south of Auckland to the northern flood plain of the Waikato River. Called WTiangamarmo Swamp, this wetland is used in times of flood to contain the waters of the Waikato River which drains the central high country of the North Island from Lake Taupo, Wfiiangamarino is made almost entirely of Sedge neat although it does have 6 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter hummocks of sphagnum moss here and there. The year before we visited a large fire had swept through the swamp and burnt most of the sedge back to ground level, Consequently the two utricularia species common to this swamp were in mass flower. U, novae-zelandiae is a beautiful spe- cies with its usually solitary flower (1 cm across) atop a 10 cm tall scape. The lower lip of the corolla is light lilac with dark mauve veins and has a yellow palate with a dark mauve margin. The upper lip is also light lilac with dark mauve veins. U, delicatula was found in abundance in slightly more elevated areas, Its slender scones up to 10 cm hill bear 1-8 dainty flowers about 1cm across with usually no more than two open at a time. The lower lip of the corolla is whi te wi fh a ti nge of 1 i I ae an its extremities, as is the upper lip. The upper lip is very variable in shape ranging from a single narrowly elliptical lip to two narrowly elliptical lips to an intermediate Figure 1. Whangamarino Swamp, New Zealand. Figure 2, Utricularia novae - zealandiae, Figure 3. Utricularia delicatula, Whangamarino Swamp, New Zealand. Whang a marine Swamp, Now Zealand. Volume 23 March 1 994 7 where the two are fused together. All these variations may occur on a single scape. We also managed to find - few D, binata growing in the Sphagnum hummocks which probably protected them from the fire. Only one Dro&era spatulata was found that day and I can only summarize that the rest were lost to the fire, although D. spatulata crows very locally at best particularly so in large swamps. 1 1 seems to me that fire is a necessary part of swamp dynamics especially for the smaller plants to survive. Otherwise, the sedge will usually smother Lhe area within three year. When in Northern California visit California Carnivores specializing in insea-eating plants pen all Year Call Ahead Winter *■ Over 400 Varieties on Display %• On Site Sales & Domestic Mail Order 7020 Trenton-lHeatdsBurg • ‘forestvitte ■ ' 95436 (707)838-1630 Literature Review Judziewicz, EJ and KG Koch. 1993. Flora and Vegetation of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore and Madeline Island, Ashland and Bayfield Counties, Wisconsin. Mich. Bot. 32:43-189. The Apostle Islands is a group of a dozen or so islands in western Lake Superior, just over the line from Michigan’s upper peninsula in Wisconsin. Only one of the islands is permanently inhabited, but the islands have suffered over the years from logging, and attempts to establish homesteads which were largely aban- doned. They present an interesting mixture of some undisturbed original growth and secondary growth. Many of the islands ha ve sphagnum bogs (no fens de- scribed), located either near the shorelines or as small depressions in the summits of the islands. Wisconsin’s only occurance of Pinguicula vulgaris is on shale cliffs where the plants grow nearly inaccessibly in dripping water on one island. Drosera anglica and/), linearis are described as rare throughout the state and have been reported in the past on these islands but were not seen during this survey (nor are vouchers on file). Other CP noted were: D , intermedia(rare), D. rot undi folia, Utricularia cornuta . U. uulgaris(sic) t U, intermedia, U. resupinata, and Sarrace - nta purpurea . Earley, LS. 1993. Black market wildlife. Wildlife in North Carolina. 57:4-11, 8 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Not only is North Carolina being attacked on the botanical front, this haven of a remarkable number of reptile and amphibian species is now suffering poaching of the latter. Of CP interest in the article is a sidebar of a half a page including a photo describing briefly problems with poaching of Dtonaea. Mainly due to habitat destruction and degradation, the plant is now absent from eight of the original 18 North and South Carolina counties in which it was once found by the many thousands. In spite of higher fines and closer monitoring of public lands, poaching of diminishing numbers of the plant has increased due to greater demand and prices. In one area, 25 documented digs were noted in one year, but only one perpetrator was caught. Earley, LS. 1993. A most wonderful plant. Wildlife in North Carolina. 57:2-3. This is a brief introductory one page summary article. It has several nice pencil drawings including shaded and cross views of stages of trap closure, and a map showing how the range of Ditmaea has diminished. It is now mostly restricted to coastal areas except for an inward extension corresponding to the Green Swamp. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS IN FIORDLAND NATIONAL PARK , NEW ZEALAND Bruce Salmon, 13 Rothery Road, Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand In .January 1991, I embarked on a trip to seek out C.P.s in the far S.W. corner of our South Island, Fiordland National Park. Covering some 1,214,000 hectares it is N.Z.s largest national park which includes pristine beech Forest, lakes, fiords and snow capped mountain peaks. I took the boat from Manapouri across Lake Manapouri (an ancient glacial lake) to its west arm and the start of the Dusky Sound Track, I walked through tall Beech forest festooned with moss and crossed streams on 3 wire bridges as the track followed the Spey River to its source. Everything was dripping wet and small streamlets were in abundance. F.N.P. gets more than 6 m of rain annually. After 5 hours I arrived at Warren Bum, an open grassy sphagnum swamp, which I had to cross to reach the hut where I intended to stay. Warren Burn is a natural haven for bag plants and was covered with large patches of our native orchid Aporostylis bifolia in mass flower. This distinctive little orchid has mottled green leaves and a single white flower atop a tall scape. There were also masses of /_L arcturi everywhere End they grew especially dense in the wettest areas. Their sparse bronze colored leaves grew to a height ofover I Ocm and glistened with dew. Many leaves were without prey although a few had caught small crane flies. In a higher part of the swamp where it was more peaty I found D . arcturi and D , spatulata growing together. The D. arcturi leaves were much shorter here being only 5 cm long and darker in colour. The D. spatulata measured about 2 cm across and were a nice red colour with numerous plants beginning to (lower. The flowers, about 5 per scape, open one at a time and are about 5 mm across and pure white. D . spatulata seemed to be present only in this small area. After taking many photos I retired to the hut to escape the persistent hordes of bloodsucking sandflies. Hie next morning I started early to climb At Memphis. After climbing through forest for about half an hour the trees began to thin out and large open areas appeared. These patches were very boggy and water was continuously seeping down the hill . It was here that I found the first colonies of D. stenopetala along with the ever present D, arcturi. The leaves were upright like D.anglica, spathulate an d of a re ddi sh hron ze col ou r. Th e pe tiol os of thi s sp eci es ar e di s ti n c ti v e l y c a n a 1 i eu 1 a te and the single white flower is borne on a tall scape about twice as high as its leaves. Further up the mountain D . stenopetala became smaller and much redder as its habitat became drier and more exposed. Both D. arcturi and D. stenopetala grow much larger in wetter, sheltered areas than they do in open exposed situations. With the large numbers of these two species growing in close proximity on this mountain I never found a single hybrid. D. stenopetala disappeared at about 2000 ft and were not found at the top of the mountain. At least 1 thunk it was the top. All I could see was the inside of a very grey cloud. I made it back to the hut just as the rain began to fall. I did not find any U. morwnthos which also grows in these moun- tains, but as anyone knows a utricularia without a flower is almost impossible to find. The next morning I left early in the pouring rain with a pair of fast walking Germans so that I could catch the first boat back to civilization and a hot shower. Un- fortunately this was not to be as we man- aged to lose the track and find the biggest, deepest mud hole you could ever imagine. Needles to say we missed the first boat but luckily there were showers at the visitors centre to bring the warmth back to my bones. Figure 1. Warren Burn Swamp, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. Figure 1: U. uniflora in flower Figure 2: An overhead view of a U. uniflora flower 10 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Focusing on U. uniflora — a Butterfly Look A ke Barry Meyers-Rice.Steward Observatory, University of Arizona.Tucson, AZ 85721 email: bmeyersrice@as.arizona.edu I grow many Utricularia from around the world and of the small terrestrials my favorite is U. uniflora, Itis easy to grow, requires little space and its flowers are lovely. Attached to the tip of a dark glossy scape, each blossom resembles a little butterfly gliding in the air (Figure 1). Best of all, the flowers last several weeks. This article addresses U. uniflora's cultural requirements so you can grow it successfully, and its morphology so you can be certain of its identification if you believe you are growing it. In describing U. unifhra we must be careful because several similar species are in cultivation: U. uniflora, U. monanthos, U. novae -zelandiae, and U. diehotoma. Over time these pi ants have become confused in collections. The introduction of interesting new forms of these plants, especially by Allen Lowrie and other explorers, may compound this confusion. I hope this article on U. uniflora will help decrease some of the bewilderment. In the future 111 provide details on how to distinguish among these other species, but until then and in difficult cases you can refer to Taylor’s monograph. Much of the information in this article is drawn from that work. If you are baffled by my use of botanical terminology, refer to my earlier CPN article, Focusing on U. calycifida — a Variable Species (CPN 21:1 — 2). U. uniflora is one of many species with small leaves that poke randomly out of the soil. The dark green leaf blades are round, elliptical, or obovate, 1 — 2 mm wide and 2 — 3 mm long. Each is fiat or often slightly curled, and a single almost undetectable vein runs along its middle. Palid-green or white petioles connect the leaf blades to threadlike stolons 5 — 10 mm underground. Bladders are produced only from the subterrene network of stolons and are uncommon. The traps are small, 0.5 — 1.5 mm across, and are borne on delicate stalks about 1 mm long. Flowering begins with the appearance of a single smooth peduncle about 0.5 mm thick and round in cross-section. The peduncle is lustrous olive-green or brown -green, and never bears scales or branches. The scape grows almost perfectly vertically as if guided by a plumb line and is topped by a little 1 mm ball — the embryonic flower. On the plants I have grown or seen, the growing scape al ways holds the spherical flower bud at its apex, like a seal balancing a beach ball on its muzzle, until the peduncle reaches its maximum size of 8 — 20 cm (occasionally longer). The pedicel, round in cross section and like a smaller version of the peduncle, then elongates to 2 — 15 mm long. Meanwhile the flower bud swells in preparation for flowering. The scape is striking in its simplicity even at this stage before the flower opens. Usually several peduncles appear in succession, sparsely scattered in the pot. The epithet uniflora means single-flower and this species lives up to this description. As with all Utricularia , a bract is formed at the union of the peduncle and pedicel (a bract is a usually small, often leaf-like organ produced in association with flowers). Tnis species, like many others, also produces two bracteoles, one on either side of the bract. The bract and bracteoles on a U. uniflora flower are a few mm long, and are ovate or elongated with blunt tips. They are basifixed, which means they are attached by their bases to the peduncle. Since the species is single flowered, you would expect three little growths at the pedicel base: one bract and two bracteoles. But with Volume 23 March 1994 11 V uniflora there are six! If you examine them closely with a hand lens you can see why. Nestled among the duster of organs is a tiny dormant flower This is why there are three extra parts — one bract and twobracteoles to accompany the dormant bud. So the epithet “si ngle-flower" is only partly true. But why would the plant produce an unused flower bud? Perhaps the evolution of U. uni flora is reducing (or increasing) the number of flowers per scape and the bud is a vestigial appendage, a reminder of the plant’s ancestry for passible future). Or perhaps the second bud is an emergency back-up to be used if the first flower is damaged. To test this hypothesis I have removed the active fl o wer bud from inf! orescence at vari ous stages of maturity, but the dormant buds have never been activated. Taylor states in his monograph that there can be two flowers to a scape, but this may be conjecture on his part — for example, rare double -flowered inflorescence have been observed for U. menziesii and U. resupinata , My U. monanthos very rarely produces double-flowered peduncles, A double- flowered U. uniflora would no doubt bear its two flowers in a pair at the peduncle terminus, as does my U . monanthos and t/, dichotoma in their double-flowered incarnations. What are the mature flowers like? The corolla’s upper lip extends vertically a few mm from beneath the upper calyx lobe. It gently widens to its end which is often notched, or as is the case with my plants, faintly four-lobed. The lower lip is much larger than the upper, about 0.9— 1.5 cm long. It is nearly level with respect to the ground , and i n outl i ne i t is 1 i ke an open hand -hel d fan or a n ex trem ely generous portion of a pie: two straight edges diverge from each other at an angle of 150 to 180 degrees, then are connected at their endpoints by a circular arc. Sometimes the outer margin is not quite circular, but is instead somewhat three-lobed. The lower lip is often perfectly flat, as if it had been pressed between the pages of a book, but in some specimens it is flexed downward or upward at the comers, like a skate or manta ray s wim ming undersea. 'There i s no pal a te bulge on the 1 ip, bu t near w here they pper and lower lips touch is a row of 6 — -10 parallel ridges 1 mm long (Figure 2). As we shall see, these ridges are important in keying out this species. The spur is about as long as the lower lip and points 90 degrees away from it, down towards the ground. The spurs of many Utricularia taper to a point, U , subulata or U. sandersonii for example. On this plant it is cylindrical and even flares slightly to a rounded, unforked, tip. The calyx lobes are about 3 — 6 mm long and the upper lobe is a little larger than the lower. They are elliptical or ovate with rounded tips, but the lower lobe can be notched. The petals are colored very nice shades of lilac or purple. My plants are lilac- mauve, with streaky patches of dark purple near the row of ridges on the lower lip. The central pair of ridges is always yellow, the flanking ones are white or the colour of the rest of the flower. The spur is white or pale green, and grades into pale yellow at the tip- the spurs on my plants have dark pinstripes. The calyx lobes are green but may be tinged lilac. U. uni flora and U , dichotoma are in the section of Utricularia called Pleiochasia. They are similar species, and U. uni flora has often been considered to be only a variety of U. dichotoma. In his monograph, Taylor did not recognize any toxa below the species level, but in £/. uni flora we have a rare case where he chose to recognize a tentative variety us a new species, instead of subsuming it into the old species. The two species are different in several ways, but the diagnostic Taylor sets out in las key relies on the ridges on the flower’s lower corolla lip. For U. uniflora, the central yellow ridges are always shorter than or barely as long as the white and purple ridges flanking them, In con trust, the yellow ridges in U. dichotoma are much longer than the whi te or purple ones flanking them. The yellow ridges on my U. dichotoma are so much larger and more 12 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter conspicuous l never even noticed the purple ones until I rend Taylor's descriptions and keys. Excellent photographs of V , dichotomy that illustrate this feature are in CPN 11:1, pi 8 and especially Slack's Insect Eating Plants and Haw to Grow Them, pi 72. There are other differences between the species. The flowers of U, dichatama are usually heavily perfumed while those of U. uni flora, at least mine, are odorless. Whiile U, uniflora seems exclusively single or perhaps double flowered, U. dichotoma can have one to three flowers arranged in a terminal whorl, or even more with pairs of flowers set opposite each other on the raceme. Lastly, Rondo and Whitehead found that while II, dichotoma is diploid, II. uni flora is tetraploid. That the yellow loww lip ridges are not longer than the flanking ones also distinguishes U. uniflora from the other species U. monanthos and U. novae -zelandiae. In the wild U. uniflora grows in southeastern Australia: Tasmania, New South Wales, and southeastern parts of Victoria and Queensland. It grow s in bogs and near streams and appears to prefer shadier habitats than the sun-loving U. dichotoma. It has been collected in flower during the spring and summer, from September to January. The culture of this plant is easy. I use a method that works for almost all the tropical Utrieularia except those that do better in live Sphagnum, and of course aquatics and semi -aquatics. When CPers refer to “standard Utric culture," the foil o wi ng procedure (or cl ose to i t) is usual ly what i s meant. Use ei ther pure dea d mil 1 e d Sphagnum ora 2:1 peat-sand mix in a 5 cm (2”) pot. I use water purified by distillation or reverse osmosis and keep the water table at least a few cm beneath the soil surface. For established plants Slack suggests raising the water table above the soil surface but I don’t. I know some growers are fortunate enough to be able to use tap water, but my Arizona tap water contains far too many dissolved chemicals. Keep them warm year round, around 20 — 30C(68 86F), If the plants are kept warmer they wnll survive but the flowers do not last as long. Since they are found in shady places in the wild I give them medium light. While this means some shade in the greenhouse, the light available in most 4 — 6 fluorescent bulb terrarium set-ups is fine. Even in the best conditions, U. uniflora does not grow quickly. It takes several months to fill the surface of a 5 cm pot with its little leaves. Its stolons do not explore too deeply into the pot, and I have never seen the plant grow' out of the bottom as often happens with other species. Still, it is easy to propagate — carefully detach from the mother pot a hunk of leaves, stolons, and bladders, and plant it in a new pot. In time you will be rewarded with a display of lovely and long-lived flowers. While none of the major CP nurseries offer U. uni flora and it is rarely jf ever stocked in the ICPS seed hank, many CPers grow the plant and by writing around you can usually locate some. Despite attempts at self and cross pollination, I have never been able to yield seed from my plants, I hope this article and photographs have convinced you U. uni flora is an attractive species worthy of being in your collection. [ like it so much that, whenever it is flowering and my wife and I are entertaining guests, I always bnng the pot out of the greenhouse, wipe off any algae, and set it on the dinner table as an accent. Although dainty, its bold form always generates praise and pleases our guests — even those unfamiliar with my peculiar hobby and who gauge flowers by the gaudy excess of roses, Dahlias, or Iris. Their interest and delight is always heightened when I tell them the plant is a carnivorous guest joining us for the meal — a genteel individual that won’t eat loudly, belch, or rudely interrupt conversation. Truly cultivated. Volume 23 March 1994 13 HELIAMPHORA, NEPENTHES AND OTHER CARNIVOROUS PLANTS PRICELIST 1094 Andreas Wistuba; Mudauer Ring 227; 68259 Mannheim; Germany; Tel.: 0621-705471; lnel: A.Wistuba®dkfz-heidelberg.de Plante will only be sent from May to November. ‘-available summer 1994; ®=grown from tissue culture; plants usually 5-10cto in diameter, depending on species. All plants are established to greenhouse growing conditions. Please note that alt prices are in DM (Deutsche Mark). Other species are sometimes available on request. Nepenthes -carunculala (GunungTalang, Sumatra) 80,-S -tomoriana (Lampia, Sulawesi) 50,-0 -eymai (Gunung Lumut, Sulawesi) 70,-0 -veitchii (8atu Lawi, Highland) 70,-© -gTacilis 20,® -veitchii (Sungai Samba, Lowland) 80,® -gracillima (Gunung Ulu Kali) 60,-® -ventricoaa 20,-® - gym n amphora 30,-*® -vieillardii 30,-@ -inermis (might be available in autumn 1994) -khasiana 25,-0 Nepenthes Manmade Hybrids -lowii (Gunung Muiu) 80,-*® -maxima xstenophylla 25,- -lowii (Gunung Trusmadi) 80, 9 -