CARNIVOROUS PLANT NEWSLETTER Official Journal of the International Carnivorous Plant Society Volume 13, Number 1 March 1984 On the covers: Front: Lower pitchers of Nepenthes gymnamphora. See article, page 10. Back: Upper pitchers and scrambling vine of Nepenthes tobaica. See article, page 16. Photos by Roger Shivas. The co-editors of CPN would like everyone to pay particular attention to the following policies regarding your dues to the ICPS. All correspondence regarding dues, address changes and missing issues should be sent to Mrs. Pat Hansen, 3321 Hamell Rd., Fullerton, CA 92635. DO NOT SEND TO THE CO-EDITORS. Checks for subscriptions and reprints should be made payable to CSUF FOUNDATION-1 CPS. All material for publication, comments and general correspondence about your plants, field trips or special noteworthy events relating to CP should be directed to one of the co-editors. We are interested in all news related to carnivorous plants and rely on the membership to supply us with this information so that we can share it with others. Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors, not necessarily the editorial staff. Copy deadline for the September issue is July 1 , 1 984. CO-EDITORS: D.E. Schnell, Rt. 1, Box 145C, Pulaski, VA 24301 J.A. Mazrimas, 329 Helen Way, Livermore, CA 94550 T.L. Mellichamp, Dept, of Biology, UNCC, Charlotte, NC 28223 Leo Song, Dept, of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634 Seed Bank: Patrick Dwyer, St. Michael’s Episcopal Church, 49 Killean Park, Albany, NY 12205, USA. BUSINESS MANAGER: Mrs. Pat Hansen, c/o The Fullerton Arboretum PUBLISHER: The International Carnivorous Plant Society by the Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634. Published quarterly with one volume annualy. Printer: Kandid Litho, 129 Agostino Rd., San Gabriel, CA 91776. Circulation: 415 (67 new, 348 renewal). Dues: $10.00 annually, $15.00 foreign. Reprints available by volume only. ®1984 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. All rights reserved. 2 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter SEED BANK Patrick Dwyer (St. Michael’s Episcopal Church, 49 Killean Park, Albany, NY 12205) To send seed: Please remove seed from the seed capsules and place it in small envelopes (preferably paper so that they dry out enough to prevent mold). Label with the origin and date of collection, including habitat if it is exotic. Fold the envelope once or twice before taping so that the seeds don’t stick to the tape. After the seed is received it will be placed in smaller packets; donors will be informed of how many packets they have donated. A donation of 10-19 packets earns one free seed packet of comparable rarity, with one additional free packet for each additional 10 packets. Do not ask to trade for seed from the bank. Everyone will have to buy all but the free packets. To order seed: Please enclose payment. List the seeds desired and an equal number of sub¬ stitutes in order of preference. If requested, Patrick will add any cultural instructions of which he is aware. Each issue of CPN will include an update of the inventory. Cost per packet: $.75. (Number of packets is listed if less than 15 are available.) Byblis liniflora Darlingtonia califomica, Dionaea muscipula, Drosera adelae (3), D. aliciae (4), D. auricula ta, D. binata (5), D. burkeana (5), D. burmannii, D. capensis, D. capensis (narrow), D. capensts (reg. & narrow mix), D. capillaris, D. dielsiana (10), D. erythrorhiza (3), D. glanduligera (5), D. indica (4), D. indica (red), (10), D. intermedia, D. intermedia “Roraima” (3), D. menziesii, D. montana (5), D. natalensis (5), D. peltata, D. pulchella (2), D. pygmaea (3), D. ramellosa (3), D. rotundifolia, D. spathu- lata (Kansai), D. spath. (Kanto), D. spath. (Tanega), D. spatk (white fl.), D. whittakeri (5), Droso- phyllum lusitanicum (10), Ptnguicula alpina (2), P. Corsica (2), P. lusitanica (6), Nepenthes khasiana, N. mir- abilis, Sarracenia alata (5), S. fiava, S. leucophylla, S. leucophylla (red form) (10), S. purpurea purpurea, S. X catesbaei, Utricularia lateriflora (5), U. uliginosa (5). Our sincere thanks to the following people who have donated seed to the seed hank: CPN DONORS July 27, 1981 - Dec. 31, 1983 * - Overseas Donors 4877 Packets Donated by 94 Donors ‘L. Butschi 400 P. Lieder 69 ST. Carow 385 *M. DePaz 65 *M. Studnicka 253 ®H. Otani 65 M. Hommick 221 *R. Maulder 62 B. Carroll 215 I. Kocsis 60 D. Schnell 205 *R. Shivas 60 M. DeLoach 200 J. Van Dyke 60 M. LeDoux 200 *Anonymous 55 S. Cole 170 H. Didder 55 R. Gardner 110 *D. Gothardt 55 B. Bednar 100 *D. Taylor 52 *S. Olejnik 100 S. Albert 50 ?K. Schoofs 95 C. Bramblett 50 J. Mazrimas 92 T. Fish 50 SG. Ashley 70 R. Franc 50 Volume 1 3 • March 1 984 3 News and Views GORDON CHEERS (P.O. Box 78, Dia¬ mond Creek, Victoria 3089, Australia) writes regarding the Victorian CP show: On the 29th of October, Australia had its biggest carnivorous plant show held in Victoria at the Botanical Gardens. A small group of enthusiasts organised the show in conjunction with the launching of my book (See p. 23. Ed. ). All costs were borne by the publishers. Over 1500 people at¬ tended; many went away to have lunch in the surrounding park and came back to have a second look. An area was set aside for a simulated peat garden and a terrari¬ um display; prizes were awarded for the best plants. The Botanical Gardens were so impressed with the display that we were requested to run the show the fol¬ lowing day for the Premier of the State. At the show 150 individuals showed in¬ terest in joining a carnivorous plant so¬ ciety. (Since then 100 have become mem¬ bers.) By the end of the day all the ex¬ hibitors were exhausted and had lost their voices. At packing up time (7 p.m.), when asked if they would do it again, the Seed Bank Donors - continued *J. Haldi 50 D. Speirs 13 T. Johnson 50 M. Wood ring 13 *P. Tsang 50 *A. Dunne 12 *1. Walters 46 *B. Johnson 12 *H. Kolvenbach 45 *L. Adney 10 *R. Kresanek 45 J. Banta 10 R. Chinnock 42 P. Dwyer 10 *A. Lowrie 40 *J. Eberbeck 10 *J. Marabini 40 *R. Fechner 10 *Y. Fukatsu 30 M. Mardey 10 P. Harcheck 30 *B. Nash 10 M. Hartley 30 L. Randall 10 *J. Holmes 30 *C. Van de Velde 10 *F. Howell 30 *A. Wistuba 10 *1. Kusakabe 30 J. Jacobs 9 *R. Matthes 30 *M. Archer 8 *R. Riedl 30 E. Allen 7 B. Webber 30 J. DeKanel 7 *J. Kent 27 E. Junkel 7 *S. Hugentobler 26 W. Clemens 5 M. Nathanson 25 A. Finick 5 G. Dolson 20 T. Peterson 5 *Kirstenbosch 20 M. Lang 4 *R. Lin 20 J. Allen 3 *R. & 1. Lyle 20 D. Handley 3 *B. Pierson 20 *P. Temple 3 *R. Salters 20 J. Toner 3 *U. Siebers 20 G. Davis 2 G. Wong 20 E. Mar 2 C. Yax 20 M. Cheek 1 D. Buder 15 * P. Cotter 1 J. Comia 13 R. Perrv 1 *P. Jame 13 4 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter answer from all who attended was YES, but not for at least a year. Now that we are experienced show organisers, next year’s will be bigger and better. By the time this article goes to print we will have held our first meeting. I will inform you of the results in a few weeks. {Photos left and below: Victorian CP show, sent by Gordon Cheers RICKY MAULDER (112 Harbour View Rd., Tikirangi, AK7, New Zealand) writes: while on a holiday down the South Island, I looked extensively in swamps for CP. They were most common on the West Coast and mountain saddles. Sphagnum moss of very high quality is found grow¬ ing like paddocks in Westland. One fellow had so many paddocks with “lawns” of sphagnum that he offered it freely since it was doomed to be bulldozed away to make grazing land for his horses. Volume 13 • March 1984 5 D. arcturi. Lewis Pass. New Zealand However, with all this moss around, there is little CP around and I only could find Drosera spathulata and I), arcturi. The D. arcturi photo was taken in habitat dur¬ ing the early summer (mid-November) at Lewis Pass. The air and ground was cold which I would estimate to be around 10° C (50° F) or less and so the sphag¬ num moss here is slow growing. The sun¬ dews were growing at normal rate as I also found D. arcturi growing north of Nelson Lakes at a lower elevation and they were similar in size. BILL NETHERBY (P.O. Box 1, Mt. Her- mon, CA 95041) writes: I tried getting rid of sowbugs this last summer with diazi- non granules (5%) sprinkled on my bog plants. The coarse sphagnum died in spots soon after. I assume the diazinon was the cause. I’m rethinking my pest control approaches now. By the way, in the November, 1983: page 1 150, American Orchid Society Bulletin is a full page “Letter to the Editor” by Dr. Rutkowski of E. &: E. Plant Tissue Lab in Photo by R. Maulder Trenton, N.J., re: benzyl aminopurine (BAP) used in mericloning phalaenopsis. It’s had mixed reviews among growers, some claiming sports, chimeras, mutants, and death to parent plants carrying inflor¬ escences BAP was applied to. Dr. Rutkow¬ ski says that very little trouble results when used below strengths of 0. 1 mg./l. (or 1 part per ten million!) BAP is thought to be the active ingredient in “Reiki paste.” HARRIET M. PURTELL(7775 N. River Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53217) writes: I thought that it might be of some interest to you for your C.P. Newsletter to learn that the Garden Club of America and the Chicago Horticultural Society recognized horticultural efforts with Car¬ nivorous Plants this summer. I was fortu¬ nate to win two awards at the Garden Club of America “Show of Summer” in Glencoe, Illinois this July. I showed eight Drosera species growing singly in pots in a class which required showing plants all in the same family. All exhibits had to have 6 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter been owned for more than six months. My exhibit included: Drosera prolifera, D. filiformis and D. capensis from seed; D. adelae from root cutdng; D. badgerup and D. nitidula purchased as vials of tissue culture from W.I.P.; and D. wateni and D. intermedia from leaf cuttings. For this exhibit, I won a blue ribbon for the class and two special awards. The first award, the Corning Medal, has been available for approximately the last four years. A medal awarded by The Garden Club of America, it has only been given twice before this show. The second award was the Chicago Horticultural Society Award given for educational value and horticultural excellence. In August of this year, there was a second Garden Club of America show in Milwaukee. In this show, I entered a ter¬ rarium of C.P.’s planted in live sphagnum moss. This was entered in a class tided “Creative Planting,” to be judged for de¬ sign and horticultural merit. The terrari¬ um was planted with Sarracenia psittacina, Pinguicula cyclosecta, P. kewensis, P. micro- phylla, P. moranensis, P. luatonica, Drosera birnta, D. capensis and D. filiformis from seed, D. montana and D. nitidula from W.I.P. tissue culture, and D. waterii from leaf cutting. This exhibit won a blue ribbon in its class and a second Chicago Horticultural Society award. It also won a second Com- ♦ • ' Harriet Purtell’s award-winning CP exhibit. Key to terrarium: Drosera binata Drosera capensis Drosera filiformis Drosera filiformis Drosera X w atari Pinguicula Drosera montana moranensis Pinguicula kewensis Pinguicula macrophylla Pinguicula moranensis Pinguicula cyclosecta Pinguicula lusitanica Drosera nitidula Volume 13 • March 1984 7 ing Medal which makes the first time anyone has won this medal twice. The first two Coming medals were won by members of east coast garden clubs. Should you wish further information, I suggest you contact Mrs. Edward K. Poor, 395 Cedar Street, Winnetka, Illinois 60093 (telephone no. [312] 446-2898). Mrs. Poor is a Director of The Garden Club of America and a horticultural judge. She is the past Chairman of the Horticulture Committee. You might also like to contact Mrs. Frederick Vogel, III, 1805 W. Brad¬ ley Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53217 (telephone no. [414] 352-4864). Mrs. Vogel was the Chairman of the Milwaukee show. From RICHARD TILBROOKE (65 8th Ave., St. Peters, South Australia, 5069 Australia): 1 have recently returned from England where I took part in a student exchange scheme through Australia Brit¬ ain Society. Whilst there I contacted the secretary of the British Carnivorous Plant Society, who put me in touch with Paul Temple. Paul has been the society’s liaison officer for some time and is always glad to assist, particularly those of us with the same in¬ terest in CPs. It was his help alone that enabled me to attend one of the London meetings. There I met most of the committee members, who also had a tremendous interest for Australian CPs. Incidentally, due to my presence, the meeting ended with a discussion on tuberous Drosera to which I was able to contribute. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the society for its wonderful hos¬ pitality. I feel sure that fellow CP enthu¬ siasts would receive the same generous welcome if able to attend any of the meetings while traveling abroad. SPOROTRICHOSIS: A Disease Hazard for Nurserymen Nursery workers and tree planters should be aware of possible exposure to a potentially serious fungus disease some¬ times contracted by those working with trees packed in sphagnum moss. This disease, called sporotrichosis, is a lymph¬ atic disease in man and animals and is caused by the fungus Sporotnchum schencku. This fungus has been found in soil, on flowers and shrubs, and even on wooden mine props. It is also associated with the sphagnum moss used to keep tree roots moist during shipment and storage. Sporotrichosis most often affects gar¬ deners, nursery personnel, and tree planter. Workers may contract the fungus from soil as well as from contaminated moss. How or when the moss becomes contaminated is not clear. Attempts to isolate the fungus direcdy from sphag¬ num bogs have usually failed, but S. schencku has been recovered from bales of “Foresters and nurserymen planting trees packed in sphagnum moss should be aware of this fungus disease present in moss in some areas. ” moss newly arrived at a nursery site (D’Al- lessio et al. 1965). The fungus seems to increase in the moistness of most packing sheds. In one case, the mixture of soil and sphagnum remaining in the shed may have served as a reservoir for the fungus the following year (McDonough et al, 1970). The fungus is found throughout the United States but it appears to be most common in the Midwest, especially in Wisconsin. Several outbreaks in other states have been traced to sphagnum moss shipped from Wisconsin (D’Allessio 8 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter et al, 1965). Because of periodic outbreaks of sporotrichosis, the state forest tree nurseries in Wisconsin no longer use sphagnum moss for packing seedlings. Several workers in the US DA Forest Ser¬ vice nursery in Michigan also contracted sporotrichosis and that nursery also dis¬ continued the use of sphagnum moss. No cases of sporotrichosis have occurred at any of these nurseries since they stopped using sphagnum moss as packing mater¬ ial. Infection ocurs when the spores of the fungus are introduced through a small abrasion or scratch in the skin. In one to four weeks, a small painless blister de¬ velops at the entry court. This blister be¬ comes inflamed, and slowly enlarges. Other areas may become infected as the fungus spreads through the lymph vessels. Nodules may form along the infected lymph channels, and the lymph glands in the armpit or elbow may become en¬ larged and sore. If untreated, the disease progresses slowly to the bones, abdominal organs, and uninvolved skin. But diag¬ nosed early, the disease can be adequately treated and is rarely fatal (D’Alessio et al. 1965). A PERSONAL CASE HISTORY I contracted sporotrichosis several years ago while planting seedlings that had been packed in sphagnum moss. A small blister appeared on my wrist about three weeks after I had worked with the moss. This blister broke open in a few days but did not heal. Within the next two weeks, the resulting sore enlarged and my wrist became ten¬ der. A few days later I noticed a red streak spreading from the infected area towards my elbow. At this point, I had visions of blood poisoning and quickly headed for my family physician. He prescribed anti¬ biotics, but unfortunately they are not effective against fungus diseases. A week later my symptoms were more severe with greater pain throughout my entire arm. I then went to another physician who also had difficulty diagnosing the prob¬ lem. Later that same day a colleague in forest disease research suggested the pos¬ sibility of sporotrichosis. He had seen a flyer on this disease put out by the Forest Service a few months earlier. Armed with this flyer, I returned to my physician and between the two of us we were able to isolate the fungus on Sabouraud’s agar from the open ulcer. At this point I began the treatment for sporotrichosis, which is potassium iodine taken orally several times a day. My lesion healed in about two months but I con¬ tinued taking potassium iodine for three months after healing. This treatment, while cheap and effective, may cause some discomfort. 1 endured a perpetual upset stomach while taking potassium iodine and still have some stomach prob¬ lems today as a result of this treatment. But not all patients have such problems. Other than the possible side effects of the treatments, the biggest problem with sporotrichosis is delayed diagnosis. Many physicians are not familiar with this dis¬ ease. In my case, after we had isolated the fungus from the open lesion, my physi¬ cian sent me to a prominent skin speci¬ alist in Minneapolis to confirm our di¬ agnosis. This specialist and his colleague both stated that I did not have sporo¬ trichosis. Nevertheless, my physician and I continued the treatment and later the Minnesota State Health Department con¬ firmed our diagnosis. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE One way to avoid sporotrichosis is to not handle trees that are packed in sphag¬ num moss (this is my policy). If you must work with such trees, be careful: wash your hands frequendy and treat lacera¬ tions and abrasions prompdy. Nursery workers and tree planters who develop sores that do not heal properly should promptly seek medical attention and tell their doctors about the possibility of sporotrichosis. LITERATURE CITED D’Alessio, D.J. and L.J. Leavens, G. B. Strumpf and C.D. Smith. 1965. An outbreak of spor¬ otrichosis in Vermont associated with (Continued on page 22) Volume 13 • March 1984 9 Three Nepenthes from the Padang Highlands Roger G. Shivas, Botany Department, University of New England, Annidale, 2351, New South Wales, Australia The Padang Highlands are situated near the equator in West Sumatra. The princi¬ pal town in this region is Bukittinggi which is nestled between the two moun¬ tains, Mt. Merapi (2,891 m) and Mt. Singgalang (2,671 m). Much of the Padang Highlands are covered in rice fields al¬ though the higher mountainous regions are concealed in lush tropical rainforest. There are unmarked walking tracks to the summits of both Mt. Merapi and Mt. Singgalang. These tracks are extremely steep and treacherous, particularly after rain. The ascent and descent of each mountain requires a full day’s steady scramble. During April 1983 an expedi- Byblis liniflora Bruce Pierson (P.O. Box 179, Albion Park, NSW 2527 Australia) This annual species proves very easy in cultivation. It is easily grown from seed, however the seed needs a resting period before sowing, and it will not ger¬ minate if the temperature is too low. Seed harvested in late autumn, should be stored in the fridge until earlv spring, w'hen it can be sown on a mixture of 2 parts peat to 1 part sand. I find a 100 mm pot adequate to accommodate 6-8 plants, and I prefer to grow this many to a pot; they tend to support each other, as they develop quite a long stem in their growing season. Without support, they tend to trail over other pots, and make a nuisance of them¬ selves. Watering is easy, using a water tray, with a depth of water of around 26 mm. A sunny location, with a little shade, seems to suit this species very well. In (Continued on page 27) tion to the summits of Mt. Merapi and Mt. Singgalang was undertaken. Three species of Nepenthes, Nepenthes bongso Korth., Nepenthes gymnamphora Nees and Nepenthes singalana Becc. were observed and photographed. Mt. Merapi was an active volcano that last erupted in 1926. The summit of the mountain is devoid of vegetation and covered in pumice stone and solidified lava. A strong odour of sulphur perme¬ ates the air near the summit. An ericaceous forest begins at about 2,500 m on Mt. Merapi. In the gulleys at 2,600 m several plants of Nepenthes bongso (Continued on page 12) Byblis liniflora 10 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Mt. Singgalang in the Padang Highlands. Mt. Merapi with Bukkittingi in the foreground. 1 1 Volume 13 • March 1984 Fruits of Nepenthes bongso. were found. The lower pitchers were dark red and similar to those of Nepenthes san¬ guined Lindl. which is found in Peninsu¬ lar Malaysia (Shivas, 1983). However, Nepenthes bongso had a distinct toothed inner margin on the peristome. Further¬ more, Nepenthes bongso had a characteristic dense indumentum in the leaf axils. One lower pitcher was observed to have a spur on the under side of the lid at the base. According to Danser (1928) Nepenthes bong¬ so is similar to Nepenthes pectinata Dans. However, the plants observed on Mt. Merapi did not have the ellipsoidal pitch¬ ers characteristic of the rosettes of Nepenthes pectinata and Nepenthes gymnam- phora. On Mt. Singgalang two species of Nepenthes were observed. At about 1,600 m Nepenthes gymnarnphora was found growing along a ridge in dense rainforest. Lower pitchers were clustered on short shoots attached to lengthy vines. The vines of Nepethes gymnarnphora extended for up to 10 m to the uppermost canopy of the rainforest. At the summit of Mt. Singgalang there is a crater lake that is about 100 m in diameter. Around this lake is a dense moss forest. In this moss forest Nepenthes singalana grew abundantly. Nepenthes singa- langa was described by Beccari in 1886 from specimens collected from Mt. Sing¬ galang. His illustration of Nepenthes singa¬ lana typified the plants that we found at the summit of Mt. Singgalang. Although this species is also reminiscent of Nepenthes sanguined, the pitchers of Nepenthes singa¬ lana have a distinctly ribbed peristome and almost horizontal mouth. Seed of the three species Nepenthes bongso, Nepenthes gymnarnphora and Nepenthes singalana was collected and has germi¬ nated successfully. Danser, B.H. (1928) The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botan- ique, Serie 3(9). Shivas, R.G. (1983) Nepenthes of Gunung Ulu Kali. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, 12(3): 65- 67. (All photos accompanying article by Roger Shivas.) 12 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Upper pitcher of Nepenthes singalana. Volume 13 • March 1984 13 Lower pitcher of Nepenthes bongso. 14 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vine and plandet of Nepenthes singalana. Lower pitchers of Nepenthes tobaica. Photos by Roger Shivas Volume 13 • March 1984 15 The Lake Toba Nepenthes Roger G. Shivas, Botany Department, University of New England, Annidale, 2351, New South Wales, Australia Lake Toba is situated in Central Su¬ matra. This lake is the largest in South East Asia, covering an area of over 800 sq km. Along part of the northern shore of Lake Toba runs the trans Sumatra high¬ way. The town of Prapat is the principal lakeside resort. Lake Toba lies 900 m above sea level and is one of the major tourist attractions in Sumatra. In 1928 Danser described and illus¬ trated Nepenthes tobaica from specimens collected on the plateau around Lake Toba. In April, 1983 this species was observed and photographed along the roadside both east and west of Prapat. Many plants were coming into flower although mature fruits had not yet developed. The vivid red colour of the lower side of the lid meant that plants which grew on embank¬ ments were easily observed from the road. Danser, B.H. (1928) The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botan- ique, Serie 3(9): 382-384. A Note on pp. 1 7-22: In response to a News and Views item by Dana Craig (CPN 9, 4:89), one of our Japanese members, Yasuhiro Fukatsu (49, Ohkan-dori, Hacchocho, Okazaki-City, Aichi-Pref. 444, Japan) has translated into English the photo captions of several Jap¬ anese books. Included in this issue are translations for Insectivorous Plants by I.P.S.J. and Carnivorous Plants , Observation & Cultivation byS. Komiya. (Non-Japanese- reading ICPS members who own these books will appreciate Mr. Fukatsu’s contribution.) The trans Sumatran highway skirting Lake Toba. 16 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter i]*— T'' > yil - 'W) ^ L v- n INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS by I.P.S.J. page 2 2. - * /. 3 6 5~ 4 page 3 3 "1 / 4- 8 7 L page 4 3 2 / £ 7 page 5 3 2 / £ S~ 4- 7 8 AvhlZiU 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Butterworts (Pinguicula) P vulgaris in habitat ) — Mt. Tanigawadake ■3 ^ V > V f) P. ramosa 3y >7^i A clump of P. ramosa T 'Lc°t P. alpina dUTf 207 P. hirtiflora 3‘i)74'|-7t')7 P. vallisneriifolia 7-7 '/-r< 7 P. grandiflora 7’ s 7 P. pumila -nr/? P. ionantha P. lusitanica 7*7-7* 'J7 P. planifolia ') 7 3 t P. lilacina 1*7*’/ 7 7 P. gypsicola 3 ') 7 v 7. P. colimensis i # A 7"'r) The Bladderworts ( Utn u — 7* iu =■ X U. reniformis T'^’t U. alpina U. bifida xif'ynVjyp'P U. racemosa t *52 3*7 U. minutissima o>A"7* i)7 U. longifolia U '17 74 7" U. calycifida •f'-t 2 k 7 U. dickotoma y-/T iy- U. rnenziesii 7371)7=777-? U. spiralis var. maculata 4f U. livida U. stria tula U. reticulata 4iL T/f 74 7" Polypompholyx multifida Volume 13 • March 1984 17 page 6 2 / 3 4 page 7 2 / 4 c? page 8 4 / r 2 i ? 7 3 page 9 7 r j X ? 3 £ 4 page 10 i L / 4- j r 7 3 ^ The Bladderworts (aquatic) l. 7 7 Jf £ U. vulgaris 2. 7 € U. intermedia 3. / U. aurea 4. A mass of 17. radiata 5. 7 r'^7-7 U. radiata 1. 17. minor 2. 4 2 7 7 7 17. in/lata 3.4. AV't -t Aldrovaruk 7 tz v a "7 The Sundews (Drosera) 1. £7 trv 7"7 D. rotundifolia 2. tfs.-sbnvj-f D. pygmaea 3. 7°iuhT D. pulchella 4. /). spathulata (Kanto) 5. 27 c”7 77 D. capillaris 6. 7n?i D. aliciae 7.8. D. filiformis 1. a^fev/t (SJa^) D. spathulata (Kansai) 2. D. capensis 3. D. neocaledmica 4. r}il9i7x3)Z-,T>J D. burmanii 5. ‘TiPisix.'bv.-sftj D. anglica 6. trv9fTf) D. whittakeni 7. 3V7?i')zyl‘hT D. binata var. dichotoma 8. T7J"~/f7 D. gigantea 1.2. )\ t-M 7"1f Dionea muscipula (The Venus’ Flytrap) -tr Sarracenia 3.4. ^ ') 2 7a 7 S. leucophylla 5. @ It A natural hybrid Carnivorous Plant Newsletter page 11 2 / b r 4 9 7 page 12 3 2 / 4 t page 13 3 2 / 4 5 ' page 14 3 2 / l ,4 4 /o 1 ? 7 page 15 4 9 9 / ? 7 £ r /2 // /D 7 1.2. 7 7 A” 5. yZawa 3. 7° >17 0 5. purpurea 4.5. 7 7-7 S. alata 6. s / - /U S. minor 7.8. 7-v?vf S. psittacina A ') 7 v 7*7 Heliamphora 1. ZlsX+fc The flower of H. nutans 2. a t a h" 7 -r)- H. heterodoxa 9° /" i T H. minor 9"-'l 27" |-'7 4.5.6. Darhngtonia califomica K' a 7 TV iu A. 1.2. Drosophyllum lusitanicum 77P -x* 3.4.5. Cephalotus follicularis 7 *“ ri 7." 7 Nepenthes 1. 7 7"«'7-7iJi;/v7 TV. madagascariensis 2.8. T-sTi')! TV. ampullaria 3. 7'U74<*lflfrf6 The female flowers of TV. burkei 4. Tl^'IX TV. gracilis 5. 7>r^-7 TV. sanguinea 6. cr'p-TI The male flowers of TV. villosa 7. $7c"i|x TV. mirabilis 9- 7 7 l >7~ T * r '---KVt The upper pitcher of TV. rafflesiana 10- Tro<£ The lower pitcher of TV. rafflesiana 1. 7° HA TV. burfoV 2. 'V'H t| 7-Tj TV. ventncosa 3. 7 =1 V Z TV. maxma 4. 7 7-7 N. alata 5. TM-'-z a Vt - 7 TV. albomarginata Volume 13 • March 1984 19 page 15 (continued) 4 / ? 7 L r a // /£> 7 page 16 3 / 4 6. 5 7-7 A/, bicalcarata 7. y*M7-t N. merrilliana 8. n - - N. loivii 9. rv77 7-7 N. tentaculata io. if-, r'j- 7 N. sanguinea 11.12. The lower pitcher (left) and the f t - 7 < $(£.) * ?<$(£) upper pitcher (right) of N. macfarlanei C" 7" •) X Byblis 1. A" 7] 7- 7 B. gigantea 2. 1) - 7 P 7 B. limflora P i) 7" 7 Roridula 3.4. 3"iLT'-7x R. gorgonias ### Roridula gorgomas and RonduLa dentata were taken off CP by Dr. Lloyd, for they do not have digestive enzymes. Japanese horticulturists, however, regard Roridula as CP. Unfortunately, these interesting species are scarcely propagated. CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, OBSERVATION & CULTIVATION page 1 page 2 2 / 4 3 7 l by S. Komiya A > ') P. vulgaris 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . 6. 7 JveJ 7 *-) A cluster of Z). rotundifolia D. spathidata in habitat D. pugmaea D. binata var. dichotoma Australian tuberous sundews A leaf of D. indica catching insects D. peltata 20 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter page 3 a / 4* 7v77a4'I^-L- P. gypsicola 1. *) P. ramosa 2. P. hirtiflora 3. A malformed flower of P. caendea 4. c°-Avi;7o|Hf P. lilacina 5. T^T77"A4-'U iU A horticultural variant of P. moranensis (syn. P. caudata) ### This is a moderately propagated one. We call it “Ashi-naga-mushitorisumire,” which means the pinguicula with a long spur. “Ashi-naga-mu.” has larger leaves and corollas than P. moranensis in Mexico. It is confirmed that the latter is a diploid (2n=22), while the former is a tetraploid (2n=44). 6.7. t- Aldrovanda vesiculosa page 5 7. 7 b 7 ? 1. /\i M 7'if 2. 3. a? 2^ 4. / 5. 6. 'cj-nkf-y 7. 2 5 1? AT'T 8. 9. Dionaea muscipula U. vulgaris in habitat t/. intermedia The flower of 7/. aurea U. gibba U. minutissima U. bifida U. longifolia U. striatula Volume 13 • March 1984 21 page 6 -2- / 7 4 „ T i page 7 r b 7 i 3 4- 1. 'I77"'/7^}fl^ A pitcher of /V. ampullaria 3. 4. 5. 6. ^T57-?77r7^-- 7. A. albomarginata A pitcher of A. villosa A pitcher of A. ventncosa The upper pitcher of A. macfarlanei The lower pitcher of A. macfarlanei page 8 2 1 4 3 l t 1. 2. A'|?-/7*?-i/-T 3. 'v\7'Ap7P1m-~' 4. ^'|?;7o?7A. 5. 6. 77p2^/v^ A flower of 5. a/afa Heliamphora minor A flower of A. nutans H. nutans An inflorescence of Cephalotus Cephalotus follicularis Sporotrichosis (from p. 8) sphagnum moss as the source of infection. New England Jour, of Medicine. 272: 1054- 1058. McDonough, E.S., A.L. Lewis and M.Meister. 1970. Sporothrix (Sporotrichum) schenckti in a nursery bam containing sphagnum. Public Health Reports, Public Health Ser., U.S. Dept, of Health, Education and Wel¬ fare 85(7): 579-585. Thanks to Bill Netherby for sending this article which originally appeared in American Horticulturist. Prepared by Darroll I). Skilling, principal plant pathologist, North Carolina Forest Experiment Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108. 22 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter THE 1984 LIST OF CP BOOKS Not available through CPN. Order direcdy from publisher or your local bookshop. * = books intended primarily for children. 1. Carnivorous Plants, Gordon Cheers, Globe Press, Melbourne, $7.95 2. Insectivorous Plants, Charles Darwin, AMS Press, 1893, 56 E. 13th St., N.Y., NY 10003, $27.50. 1893 ed. 3. ‘Plants that Eat Insects: A Look At Carnivorous Plants, Anabel Dean, Lerner Publications, 1977, 241 First Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55401. $5.95 4. Plants of Prey in Australia, Rica Erickson, Univ. of W.A. Press, 1968, World Insectivorous Plants, 2130 Meadowind Ln., Marietta, GA 30062, Cloth, $15.00. 5. ‘Animals & Plants That Trap, Phillip Goldstein, Holiday, 1974, Holiday House, Inc., 18 E. 53rd St., N.Y., NY 10022, $5.95. 6. Nepenthes of Mt. Kinabalu (in English), Kurata. S., Sabah National Park, World Insectivorous Plants, 2130 Meadowind Ln., Marietta, GA 30062, $7.00. 7. ‘Pitcher Plants, Carol Lerner, William Morrow & Co., N.Y. $1 LOO. 8. Carnivorous Plants, Francis E. Lloyd, Peter Smith, 6 Lexington Ave., Magnolia, MA 01930, $12.00, 1942 ed. 9. The World of Carnivorous Plants, J. and P. Pietropaolo, R.J. Stoneridge, Peter Paul Nur¬ series, 1974, $6.30. 10. ‘Insect-Eating Plants, L. and G. Poole, T.Y. Crowell, 1963, 666 Fifth Avenue, N.Y., NY 10003, $4.50. 11. ‘Plants That Eat Animals, J.H. Prince, Thomas Nelson, 1978, 407 Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37203, $8.95, 1979 ed. 12. CP of the U S. and Canada, D.E. Schnell, John F. Blair, Publisher, 1976, 1406 Plaza Dr., SW, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, $19.95 plus shipping, 1976 ed. 13. Carnivorous Plants, Randall Schwartz, Avon Books, 1975, 959 Eighth Ave., N.Y., NY 10019, soft cover $ 1 .25. 14. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore, Roger G. Shivas, Maruzen Asia Pte. Ltd., 51 Ayer Rajah Crescent #07-09, Singapore 0513. $9.80. 15. Carnivorous Plants, Adrian Slack, MIT Press, 1979, 28 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142, $25.00, 1980 ed. 16. Cultivating Carnivorous Plants, Allen Swenson, Doubleday & Co., 1977. Garden City, NY 11535, $7.95. 17. ‘Carnivorous Plants, John F. Waters, Franklin Watts, Inc., 1974, 845 Third Avenue, N.Y., NY 10022, $4.90. 18. ‘Carnivorous Plants, Cynthia Overbeck, Lerner Publications, 1981, 241 First Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55401, $8.95. 19. ‘Secrets of the Venus’s Fly Trap, Jerome Wexler, Dodd, Mead & Co., 1981, 79 Madi¬ son Ave., N.Y., NY 10016, $8.95. SPECIAL NOTICE Carnivorous Plants, by Gordon Cheers (see review of book in this issue) can be ordered on a one time basis from Joe Mazrimas who arranged to have a large shipment sent by the author to the U.S.A. ICPS members who wish to order this book should send a check for $7.95 pay¬ able to Joe Mazrimas (address inside front cover) and the book will be sent by surface mail. Foreign subscribers should send a bank draft drawn on a U.8. Corpo¬ ration fund. The price includes all ship¬ ping and mailing costs. The profit made by this sale will go into the ICPS treasury to cover publication costs of the News¬ letter. For those individuals who wish to order the book directly from the author, write to: Gordon Cheers P.O. Box 78, Diamond Creek Victoria 3089 AUSTRALIA Add $1.00 for surface mail. Volume 13 • March 1984 23 1984 CP SOURCES Note: AH individuals or organizations selling, trading or buying CP are advised to be cognizant of certain restrictions under the U.S. ESA and international CITES for certain species (see editorial, CPN 12 3, 1983). Name and Address Catalog Price Stock Carnivorous Gardens P.O. Box 224 Stones Comer 4 1 20 Brisbane, Queensland Australia $.75 Native seed Carolina Exotic Gardens P.O.Box 1492 Greenville, NC 27834 $1.00 Dionaea, Drosera, Sarracenia, Darlingtoma, Pingmcula, Nepenthes & CP seeds, Sphagnum moss Chatham Botanical P.O. Box 691 Carrboro, NC 27510 Telephone (919) 929-2003 $.50 Pingmcula, Drosera, Dionaea, Cephalotus — tissue culture, other tissue cultured CP — inquire, Byblis Country Hills Greenhouse Rt. 2 Corning, OH 43730 $2.50 refundable with order Nepenthes (20 varieties) Exoticana Seeds P.O. Box 184 Grevtown 3500, South Africa Native CP seed Hinode-Kadan Nursery 2735 Nakanogo, Hacijyot Hachijyo-Island Tokvo 100- 16 Japan International Reply Coupon Byblis, Cephalotus, Drosera, Pingmcula, Nepenthes, Utncularia Hungry Plants 1216 Cooper Drive Raleigh, NC 27607 $.50 Byblis, Cephalotus, Dionaea, Drosera, Darlingtonia, Nepenthes, Pinguicula, Rondula, Sarracenia, Sphagnum and Utriculana. Tissue cultures of most stock. Lee’s Botanical Garden P.O. Box 7026 Ocala, FL 32672 Free Sarracenia, Utncularia, Pinguicula, Nepenthes, Drosera, Dionaea, Heliamphoras, seed. Marston Exotics Spring Gardens Frome Somerset, England 50 p Serving Britain & Europe only Milingimbi Nursery World of CP P.O. Box 5 Seaforth, NSW, Australia 2092 Free Byblis, Cephalotus, Drosera, Dionaea, Nepenthes, Utriculana, Sarracenia, Pinguicula 24 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Orgel’s Orchids Free Byblis, Kionaea, Drosera, Nepenthes, Rt. 2, Box 90 Pinguicula, Sarracenia, UtncuLaria Miami, FL 33187 Peter Pauls Nursenes $.50 Sarracenia, Dionaea, Drosera, Utnculana, Canandaigua, NY 14424 Darhngtonia, Nepenthes seed, Pinguicula, live Sphagnum Plant Shop’s Botanical Garden $2.00 Drosera, Byblis liniflora, Pinguicula, 18007 Topham St. refundable Sarracenia, Nepenthes, Cephalotus, Reseda, CA 91335 with order Dionaea, Utriculana Robert Cantley Free Nepenthes P.O. Box 1200 B.S.B. Brunei, Borneo SE Asia Renate Parsley Native CP seed 8 Langton Rd. Mowbray 7700 South Africa Thysanotus-Seed-Mailorder Inquire Byblis, Darhngtonia, Dionaea, Postfach 44-8109 Drosera, Drosophyllum, Nepenthes. Pinguicula, 2800 Bremen 44 Sarracenia, Utnculana West Germany W.T. Neale & Co., Ltd., inquire Sarracenia, Dionaea, Darhngtonia seed B.M. & S. Lamb 16/18 Franklin Rd. Worthing, Sussex, BN132PQ^ England World Insectivorous Plants $.50 Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum, 2130 Meadowind Ln. Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Finguicula, Byblis Marietta, GA 30062 liniflora, Utriculana Nurseries in Great Britain (sent in by Christopher Hynes): Heldon Nurseries Sarracenia Nurseries Asbourne Rd. Links Side Spath Courtland Ave. Uttoxeter ST145AD Mill Hill, London NW7 Cyril G. Brown South West Seeds 65 Highfield Cres. Doug & Vivi Rowland Hornchurch 200 Spring Rd. Esex RM126PX Kempston, Bedford MK428ND The co-editors and CPN do not endorse any of the above vendors. This is being provided only as a service to our subscribers. Information correct at time of receipt. Please contact sources di¬ rectly for further information. Not responsible for omissions. Inquiries for inclusion in future lists should include a catalog/price list of CP available, cost of catalog and address. Send information toJ.A. Mazrimas, 329 Helen Way, Livermore, CA 94550. I CPS Membership Directory Plans are underway to publish a membership directory of everyone who has joined ICPS since 1982. If you do not wish your name and address included, please notify Pat Hansen, 3321 Hamell Road, Fullerton, CA 92635. Volume 13 • March 1984 25 Review of Recent Literature Gowda, D.C., G. Reuter &: R. Schauer. Structural studies of an acidic poly¬ saccharide from the mucin secreted by Drosera capensis. Carbohvdr. Res. 113(1): 113-124, 1983. The mucin secreted by Drosera capensis is composed of a polvmer of arabi- nose, xylose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. The polymer has a backbone consisting of an alternating glucuronic and mannose residues as the repeaung unit. Arabinose and xy¬ lose are attached to the glucuronic acid while galactose is attached to the man¬ nose residues. Larsen, James A. 1982. Ecology of the northern lowland bogs and conifer for¬ ests. Academic Press, New York. 307 p. While CP are only mentioned peripher¬ ally in this general ecologic work cover¬ ing the bogs of the Great Lakes area primarily, the work is a very nice sum¬ mary of various facets of the bog- lands with particular concentration on species communities, nutrition and mineral relationships, sclerophvllv and and arguments of whether or not cli¬ max communities exist in these areas and if mesic forest is truly the ultimate natural fate of the area. The author writes with a particularly engaging style, expressing a love of the bog- lands throughout the scholarly work. DES Patterson, C.G. & C.J. Cameron. Seasonal dynamics and ecological strategies of the pitcher plant chironomid, Metrio- cnemus knabi, in southeast New Bruns¬ wick (Canada). Can. J. Zool. 60(12): 3075-3083. 1982. Female chironomids in spring oviposit into Sarracenia purpurea pitchers which produces a generation emerging in August. The progeny of the August emergence develop in the new summer pitchers and don’t emerge until the following July. Schnell, D.E. 1983. Notes on the polli¬ nation of Sarracenia flava L. (Sarracenia- ceae) in the piedmont province of North Carolina. Rhodora 85:405-420. Detailed field studies over several flow¬ ering seasons indicate that Bombus spp. are the primary pollinators of S. flava in the province, supporting more cas¬ ual observations made by the author several years previously in the coastal plain province. Smaller bees and Apis are at best occasional, accidental pol¬ linators. Studies also indicated that the flowers of S. flava are not protandrous. There is also information on nectar output quantity and content, pollen weight output, etc. Depending on pol¬ linator behavior, autogamy, geitonog- amy and xenogamv are all possible. (Reprints: DE Schnell, Rt. 1, Box 145C, Pulaski, VA 24301). Schwaegerle, K.E. 1983. Population growth of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea L., at Cranberry Bog, Licking County Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 83:19-22. Incidental to construction of Buckeye Lake in Ohio, a sphagnum bog was accidentally(!) created. In 1912, a soli¬ tary specimen of S. purpurea was planted. Bv 1921, this was observed to have grown to “hundreds of individu¬ als”. In the current study, the pop¬ ulation is tabulated at 157,000 plants. Use of population increase formulas indicates that this level was actually reached in 1942 (just 30 years after one plant was placed). It is felt that this level is the maximum carrying capacity for this particular bog, although it would have been helpful to include the size of the bog and how much of it was open sphagnum mat and what per¬ centage of plants was in that area. This study also showed that pitcher plants have a relauvely slow rate of popula¬ tion increase for an herbaceous spe- 26 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter CPN BACK ISSUES Photocopied reprints of Volumes 1-6 of CPN are available bv sending prepaid orders to Pat Hansen, 3321 Hamell Road, Fullerton, CA 92635. Orders will be acknowledged but held until a sufficient number has accumulated to make the effort of photocopying worthwhile. Volumes 1-6 contain no color photos and were published in an 8!4" x 11" format, stapled at the top. Prices are as follows: U.S. and Canada, $10.00 per volume. Set of five or more, $8.00 per volume. All other countries: $15.00 per volume, $13.00 per volume for five or more. SPECIFY VOLUME NUMBERS PLEASE. Sets of five or more may include any volumes 1-12. Make checks payable to CSUF FOUNDATION — ICPS. Byblis liniflora (Continued from p. 10) order to obtain seed, it is necessary to tap all open flowers daily in order to allow the anthers to release their pollen onto the stigma. Cross pollination is unnecessary, as the llowers are self-fertile. Seed may be collected when the seed capsules have turned brown, and just started to split. When grown in this manner, this plant is a really attractive species when in full flower, with several lilac flowers open at any one time on each plant. BOOK REVIEW Cheers, Gordon. 1983. Carnivorous Plants. Globe Press, 95 pages. This book is written by Australian nur¬ seryman Gordon Cheers who has been working with CP for some time now. Except for some scattered typo prob¬ lems, the book is well produced with many excellent (photographed, plated and printed) color photos along with world range maps. The species pre¬ sented for discussion are a well bal¬ anced, representative group — all gen¬ era are covered. An asset of the book is the emphasis on culture and propa¬ gation. The book is written for popu¬ lar consumption, but plant descrip¬ tions are adequate. The book will have wide application and interest beyond Australia. DES WANT ADS When submitting Want Ads, please be sure to print clearly for best results and to eliminate mistakes. Please circle the correct letter before each item (Want, Trade, Sell or Buy). Want ads are limited to carnivorous plants, terrariums, green¬ houses and moss. There is a charge of ten cents per item, with no limit to the number of items you may submit per issue. Send coin or check to: Arboretum, Want Ads California State University Fullerton, CA 92634 Greg Harmison (7918 Briaridge, Dallas, TX 75248). (WB) any Heliamphora or Drosera cistiflora. Johannes Marabini (Am Gmndla 24, 8522 Herz- ogenaurach. West Germany). (Sell) Limited num¬ ber of Nepenthes maxima seedlings. (Trade) Ne¬ penthes lowii seedlings for Nepenthes villosa. (Want) Nepenthes dubia, N. inermis, N. leptochila, N. pecti- nata, N. petiolata. Lee’s Botanical Gardens (P.O. Box 7026, Ocala Fla. 32672) (WTB) Utnculana reniformis, U. endres- sii, U. alptna, U. dusemi, U. racemosa, U. violacea. (T) U. dichotoma, U. caerulea, U. liirida, U. uligtnosa, U. resuptnata, U. monanthos, many more. Keith Shoesmith (32 Penda’s Mead, Lindisfarne Way, Homerton E9 5PX, London, ENGLAND): Nepenthes and other CP for sale or trade. Write for list. Note: All individuals or organizations selling, trading or buying CP are advised to be cognizant of certain restrictions under the U.S. ESA and international CITES for certain species (see edi¬ torial, CPN 12 3, 1983). Volume 13 • March 1984 27