A 7*f V.gtf CARNIVOROUS PLANT NiWSLITTCR VOLUME 20, NUMBERS 1 & 2 MARCH & JUNE 1991 CARNIVOROUS PLANT NEWSLETTER Official Journal of the International Carnivorous Plant Society Volume 20, Numbers 1 & 2 March & June 1991 Front cover: Utricularia hamiltonii — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo. Rear cover: Peter Taylor in a northern Michigan fen on Lake Huron, walking among Utricularia cornuta. July, 1990. The co-editors of CPN would like everyone to pay particular attention to the following policies regarding your dues to the ICPS. All Correspondence regarding dues, address changes and missing issues should be sent to ICPS do Fullerton Arboretum, CSUF, Fullerton, CA 92634. DO NOT SEND TO THE CO-EDITORS. Checks for subscription and reprints should be made payable to ICPS. All material for publication, comments and general correspondence about your plants, field trips or special noteworthy events relating to CP should be directed to one of the co-editors. We are interested in all news related to carnivorous plants and rely on the membership to supply us with this information so that we can share it with others. Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors, not necessarily the editorial staff. CO-EDITORS D.E. Schnell, Rt. 1, Box 145C, Pulaski, VA 24301 J.A. Mazrimas, 329 Helen Way, Livermore, CA 94550 Leo Song, Dept, of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634 (Bitnet Address: LEOSONG@CALSTATE) Seed Bank: Gordon Snelling, 321 1/2 W. Palm Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016 ACTING BUSINESS MANAGER AND MANAGING EDITOR: Leo C. Song, Jr. PUBLISHER: The International Carnivorous Plant Society by the Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634. Published quarterly with one volume annually. Typesetting: Marilyn Medlin, Public Affairs Office, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92634-9480. Printer: KandidLitho, 129Agostino Road, San Gabriel, CA 91776. Dues: $15.00 annually. $20.00 foreign. Reprints available by volume only © 1991 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. All rights reserved. ISSN #0190-9215. Circulation 623 (1 17 new, 506 renewal). 2 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Editor's Corner by Leo C. Song, Jr. Acting Business Manager Welcome to our twentieth year. This special double issue is dedicated to Peter Taylor and his work on the genus Utricularia. Peter's magnum opus The Genus Utricularia is now available for purchase. A special brochure and order form is included with this issue. It is an invaluable addition to any C.P. library. NOTICE A New 1991 W>rld Carnivorous Plant List By Jan Schlauer, Zvvischenstr. 11, 6000 Frankfurt/Main 70, Federal Republic of Germany The CP listing published in CPN 15:59-117 (1986) has been updated and a reference placed to every single name included, which makes literature searches easier and more efficient. This list amounts of 80 pages and due to increased mailing costs in Germany, it is impossible for me to mail the list all over the world for the old price. The list is available for the following rates: Europe: US $15 or DM 22,50 1 IBPARY Overseas: US $20 or DM 30,- ! W I \r\ I ^ ■ SEP 81981 UPCOMING ARTIgU^l0M_ QARBEf* • First verified case of Sporotrichosis in an ICPS member • Plant VS animus • What is the identity of the West Gulf Coast pitcher plant? • Field trip to Darwin & Kununurra for CP • Nepenthes growing media • CP of Caraca, Brasil • Pinguicula vulgaris along the Alaska Pipeline • Marl fen in Lower Michigan • Growth effects of mineral nutrients applied to the substrate or onto the leaves of 4 CP species • Mechanisms of trap movement I: Rapid growth in Drosera, Dionaea & Scientific notions of how Venus’s flytraps close. • CP in Ireland III. Volume 20 March & June 1991 3 Peter Taylor 4 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter A Special Issue Dedication — To Peter Taylor By Donald Schnell It has been a good number of years since we dedicated a special issue of CPN to a prominent CP botanist, the first and only being in honor of Edgar T. Wherry ( Vol . 2, No. 3). We do not have a set policy of regularly dedicating issues of CPN, but wait until a candidate clearly emerges. After forty years of dedicated work, Peter Taylor obviously deserves this honor, particularly after completion of his summary monograph, THE GENUS Utricularia as a special Kew Bulletin issue of considerable weight and dimension. As was so aptly pointed out by the Director of Kew, the work was no small task considering the worldwide distribution of so many species (see review, CPN 19:51-52, 1990). In addition to dedicating the issue to Peter, we have also updated our previous rendition of the worldwide Utricularia list, based entirely on the monograph. There is a brief biography of our honoree, along with his photo, and several other good things. Unlike the Wherry issue and similar dedications in other publications, we put Peter to work! He has written an entirely new key for the utricularias of North America (The monograph key included all of the Americas) and it is unique in that it can be used for flowering or non-flowering specimens. The first split in the key is flowering vs. non¬ flowering and it essentially breaks into two keys after that. The key is far more accurate than a previous one we printed in CPN (CPN 2:66-69, 1973), and the vegetative part of the key is the first of that sort that I have found at all usable in this genus, although it requires some specimen magnification in some steps. The biography for this key is, of course, Peter’s monograph, so we have not repeated that here. We decided to push our luck and mentioned Genlisea, and there came forth arevised world list of species to date of publication, along with a worldwide key and complete, new bibliography! For both utricularias and genliseas, there is a sort of “mini -monograph” narrative commentary on each species. Finally, Peter produced five plates ofhis famous line drawings to illustrate points in both keys and his glossary to accompany both keys. We are certainly grateful to Peter for all of this, andmuchofitis primary publication here. Most of the color photos are first time printing of some unusual Australian species in particular. Peter visited Washington, DC in the USA in early July, 1990, to receive the prestigious Engler Medal from the IAPT which was meeting there last year, the medal honoring his work and monograph. While in the country, Peter and I got together for some days of botanizing in the Great Lakes region. After several days of tromping through inland sphagnum bogs and lakefront fens together, we got to know each other pretty well, or rather somewhat reaffirming our impressions of each other gained by intuition or reading between the fines in correspondence. In one bog, he remarked, “This is one of my happiest times, when I can wander in a piece of vegetation such as this...”, and I am glad this was provided him. We found nearly all of the utricularias of the area that trip, in spite of high water and an unusually cool preceding June. On a personal note, it is difficult to summarize one’s feelings about such a man who has traveled the ends of the earth to study plants for one of the premier botanical gardens of the world. Friendly, understanding, kind, helpful and willing to inform without lecturing, full knowledge ofhis subject even to the extent that he was willing to admit his limitations (find that in many experts!), generous, sensitive, considerate, a broad interest in things in general, a true gentlemen — These are just some impressions that come to mind in no particular order. I am pleased and honored to count him as a friend, and to wish him many more productive years in his “retirement” with his hobbies and continued contributions to regional floras of the world. Volume 20 March & June 1991 5 PETER TAYLOR A Short and Informal Biographical Sketch By Donald Schnell “Though there is endless room for observation in the field of nature, which is boundless, yet investigation (where a man endeavors to be sure of his facts) can make but slow progress; and all that one could collect in many years would go into a very narrow compass.” Gilbert White from Natural History of Selbome 1789 Peter Taylor was bom in 1926, and when he was eleven years old, unknown to young Peter of course, a man from Kew named Edgar Milne-Redhead made a collection of species of Utricularia in what is now Zambia, and placed them in alcohol rather than make the usual pressed specimens. This was ultimately to steer Taylor’s career, but in the meantime as a child, he taught himself botany and entomology and had a great interest in natural history in general . If pressed to name “patron saints” of his interest, he would certainly mention Gilbert White whose 1789 book, Natural History of Selbome was quite available to him. Ultimately, he was to name his first-bom son Gilbert in his honor. Another inspiration was the French entomologist Jean Henri Fabre, english translations of whose works were studied by Taylor since he was about thirteen when he borrowed the books from a local library. He now reads his own copies of some of the original French editions to hone his knowledge of the language. By age 16, World War II had begun in full force and there was work to be done. Taylor found himself in his first job working as an apprentice to the trade of machinist in a five year training program in a factory manufacturing armored cars and military trucks. Towards the end of this period he met a local school teacher who was working on a flora of Taylor’s home county. This man later went on to acquire his PhD and to become for years the secretary of the Botanical Society of the British Isles. Through this man, Peter met a Kew botanist serving in the army at that time, and after the war he was invited to join the Kew staff. Meanwhile, Taylor finished his apprenticeship and won first prize as the best apprentice of the year. But at that moment, he was off in Scotland for a week’s unpaid leave to attend a botanical society excursion, quite prophetically. Taylor botanized the west of England by bicycle and collected his first Utricularia specimen, U. vulgaris, which was deposited in Kew. In 1948, Peter finally accepted the offer from Kew, and his foreman at the factory upon hearing of his imminent departure offered him an extra penny an hour! Although he would start at a lesser salary at Kew, Taylor had made his decision. In order to supplement his income, he would do evening work, illustrating, proof reading, etc. This talent as a draughtsman came to the attention of Milne-Redhead and he asked Taylor to make enlarged drawings of those Zambian utricularias collected back in 1937. During this task, Taylor became fascinated by these interesting plants and was encouraged to study them, but largely in his own time evenings, holidays and weekends. Meanwhile, he had a new wife and eventually three children to support and give some attention to, so the road was not easy as Taylor was assigned various tasks in the Kew Herbarium. His Utricularia work proceeded slowly but persistently. In 1954, he named his first species ( U . pentadactyla), and later that year finished an account of the 6 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Lentibulariaceae for the “Flora of Trinidad and Tobago”. For many years in his youth, ferns had been Peter’s greatest interest. But a bid to head the fern department at Kew failed, and financial circumstances compelled him to sell his personal herbarium of fern duplicates numbering some 1000 to the New York Botanical Garden, and his fine collection of fern books to the Hunt Library. The die now seemed cast to bladderworts. Eventually, Peter was named to head the orchid section of the Herbarium at Kew, and continued his work on utricularias in his spare time, or on the side when on orchid field trips to various lands. He refined and promulgated the concept that the best specimens of Utricularia were those collected in liquid and eventually accumulated several thousand personally collected specimens deposited in Kew. His early success contributing to regional floras resulted in a flood of requests, some of which are still waiting to be fulfilled. He soon recognized that half the genus was American, so made field trips to South America, and briefly for a few fellowship sponsored months in the United States in 1972 where he stayed in northern Florida, journeying out in a rented car to the field. He visited the Carolinas and the herbaria in Cambridge, Massachu¬ setts, Washington DC and New York. Now head of the orchid section, he was able to occasionally leave his assistant and heir designate of the section for more botanizing. In 1979 and 1980 on separate occasions, he spent weeks in all the continental states of Australia where he discovered the richest single area of Utricularia species diversity in the Northern Territory south and east of Darwin (he saw some 30 species). But the traveling, long hours, tropical climates and general intensity of his work had taken a toll and he returned to Kew in somewhat indifferent health. But by 1981, he was back in the field in India. A few years before his retirement from Kew in 1986, he was finally permitted to devote his full time to completing what some years before had germinated from his earlier studies, a worldwide monograph on the genus Utricularia. Before leaving Kew, he was able to complete all of the now famous Taylor line drawings and much of the text, but two more years — again, his own time — were required to complete the work which appeared in November, 1989, some forty years after beginning his studies of the genus. Among his awards have been the “Kew Medal” in 1989 for “the high standards he achieved in his work at Kew”. In July, 1990, he attended the meeting of the LAPT in Washington DC to receive the prestigious “Engler Medal” for his Utricularia mono¬ graph. “Retirement” for Peter Taylor was not to mean a rocking chair in front of a fireplace somewhere. Wisely, and tellingly, he invested in a copying machine and word processor, and moved with his wife to a small woodlot he bought. He describes the woods as depauperate and his work to renovate it, and he is now able to have a steady supply of timber to pursue one of his many hobbies and avocations, woodworking. He even built a small sawmill and sometimes cuts as much at 500 board feet of timber. The lumber must dry, of course, and sometimes the season does not cooperate, so it dries often scattered in the house where his very patient and loving wife puts up with it, as well as his woodworking projects seemingly going first to friends and others asking for them. He has also been able to see or collect almost half of the British butterfly fauna on his own property, some 25 species. Meanwhile, he is still writing about utricularias. He just completed the genus section for Flora Australia, and as you can see in this issue of CPN, completed quite a bit of work for us. In the Preface to his monograph on the genus Utricularia , Taylor writes: “In the long course of the preparation of this work I may have lost only a small amount of blood, but I have certainly lost a lot of sleep, shed much sweat and not a few tears. However, it has given me an enormous amount of satisfaction and pleasure.” A job very well done; and from all of us — Thanks, Peter! Volume 20 March & June 1991 7 Utricularia in North America North of Mexico By Peter Taylor Introduction Utricularia is, for the greater part, a genus of the tropical regions of the world, and is represented in the United States and Canada by only 19 of 214 species recognized worldwide. All of the rather few species which occur in Canada are also found in the United States, and within the latter country all of the 19 can be found in the eastern coastal states from Maine to Texas, although some extend further west and 6 species are recorded as growing in the Pacific northwest. Five species are endemic in the region, and one extends no further south than Cuba (just inside the tropic of Cancer). Four northern species are also found in temperate Europe or Asia (or both), two are very widespread pan -tropical species, while the rest are either more or less widespread in the eastern coastal plain and extend for varying distances southwards into the tropics, or are essentially tropical species which just reach the warmer southern states, and two of these get no farther north than Florida. Those aquatic species that are more or less confined to the cooler northern regions, pass the winter as turions (sometimes called winter buds). These are small, globose or obovoid organs, which form at the apex of stolon branches in the latter part of the growing season. On examination they are found to consist of very numerous small, modified leaves, densely clustered on an abbreviated stolon. They are said to sink to the bottom during the winter, rising to near the surface in the spring, when they elongate and eventually produce new plants. The tropical aquatic species never have these turions but either vegetate continuously, or some species are known to produce tubers during dry periods. The terrestrial species either vegetate continuously, under permanently wet and warm conditions, or produce seed and behave as annuals. The flowers are adapted for pollination by insects but many, or possibly most, are autogamous (that is, self pollinating). I have seen 15 of the 19 species growing in their natural habitats in the United States and am familiar in the field with two others (in Europe and tropical America). The remaining two, ( U . simulans and U. geminiscapa ), are known to me only as dried and pickled herbarium specimens. The key is based almost entirely on my own personal experience of the species. It allows for commonly encountered variations, and some are keyed out more than once, but many of the species are morphologically rather plastic, to a greater or lesser degree, and I am quite prepared to learn that atypical forms will not key out, especially when flowers are absent. It seems to be impossible to distinguish U. juncea from U. cornuta from vegetative material alone, although Kondo (1971) considered that there was a significant differencein seedling morphology. In a few cases I have had to resort to microscopic characters in the “flower absent” part of the key, but only where I felt it was absolutely necessary (for instance, I cannot certainly distinguish sterile U. geminiscapa from U. macrorhiza in a similar condition, without looking inside the traps at the quadrifid glands). These glands, the function of which has been the subject of much speculation and discussion, are usually not difficult to observe with the aid of a microscope. They are present in all species, and are usually about one tenth of a mm long, or less, and are to be found on the inner side of the trap wall . In the case of U. macrorhiza and most other aquatic species, those near the trap mouth have two arms, those elsewhere have four. Darwin called them bifids and quadrifids. In some terrestrial species the number of arms is reduced to one and two respectively, while in one species, found in tropical America, all of the glands have a single arm. In order to examine them I usually cut a living or pickled trap in half longitudinally (under a low-power dissecting microscope), and put the trap, inner side 8 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter uppermost, under a cover slip and examine at a high magnification under a compound microscope. The arms vary, in different species, in their shape, their proportions (some are relatively long and thin, others short and fat), and especially in their disposition relative to each other. It must be stressed that their morphology cannot always be used to distinguish species, as glands that are the same or extremely similar are found in groups of related species, or sometimes in quite unrelated ones. Key to Species of Utricularia Occurring in America North of Mexico (P. T. October 1990) 1. Plant complete, with vegetative parts and inflorescence, including flowers. 2. Lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla saccate; leaves verticillate on the stolons, each divided into verticillate segments; traps terminal on all or most of the leaf-segments, the mouth with no appendages, but the door with a central fascicle of gland-tipped hairs (aquatic with bracts that are usually basiosolute but sometimes basifixed; corolla pink) purpurea 2. Lateral lobes of the lower lip not saccate; leaves not verticillate 3. Brack peltate, corolla either chasmogamous, yellow, with a distinctly 3-lobed lower lip, or cleistogamous, whitish or pinkish, very small and bud-like; traps with 2, dorsal, sparsely branches appendages (terrestrial, leaves simple, narrowly linear) subulata 3. Bract not peltate, basifixed, but may be more or less auriculate. 4. Calyx lobes, bracts and bracteoles with deeply fimbriate margins; traps with a simple dorsal and a 2-fid ventral appendage (terrestrial; leaves simple, narrowly linear; corolla yellow) simulans 4. Calyx lobes, etc, not fimbriate; traps other than above. 5. Bract tubular, encircling the pedicel; leaves filiform, terete, septate; (terres¬ trial or affixed shallow water aquatic; flower solitary, corolla pink; traps with 2, dorsal, setiform, branched appendages and several simple ventral setae) resupinata 5. Bract not tubular; leaves not septate 6. Leaves simple, spathulate; bract and bracteoles basally connate, forming what appears to be a 3-fid bract; traps with 2 dorsal, narrowly deltoid (triangular) appendages, which are densely beset with curved, gland- tipped hairs; capsule dorsiventrally 2-valvate (terrestrial; corola yellow¬ ish, white or violet, the lower lip 3-lobed, shorter than the spur) amethystina 6. Leaves not spathulate; bracteoles, if present, free from the bract; capsule never dorsiventrally 2-valvate Volume 20 March & June 1991 9 7. Bracteoles present, much narrower than the bract; terrestrial; leaves simple, narrowly linear; traps without appendages; corolla yellow 8. Corolla 1,5-2 cm long; inflorescence usually short, congested, few-flowered cor nut a 8. Corolla 0,2-1 cm long; inflorescence elongate, lax, several -to-many-flowered juncea 7. Bracteoles absent; suspended or affixed aquatic; leaves absent or compound, dichotomously or pinnately divided into filiform segments, the segments usually with apical and lateral setae; traps with 2, dorsal, setiform, more or less branched appendages and often also with ventral setae; corolla yellow or white. 9. Leaves always absent, the stolons bearing only traps; minute suspended aquatic, often growing among other aquatic plants, including other species of Utricularia; peduncle extremely short, the pedicels appearing to arise directly from the stolon; corolla whitish, about 2 mm long, the spur saccate; calyx margin entire in flower, denticulate in fruit; capsule elongate, indehiscent, 1-seeded olivacea 9. Leaves present; suspended or affixed aquatic, peduncle well developed; corolla yellow, more than 5 mm long unless cleistogamous; calyx margin never denticu¬ late; capsule globose, circumscissile or indehiscent, severel-to-many-seeded. 10. Peduncle with a whorl of floats; lower lip of corolla 3-lobed; (each leaf with two primary segments, thus dividing it into two halves; suspended aquatic) 11. Floats tapering gradually from the base to the widest point at or near the middle; the twohalves of the leaf unequal in size and shape; bracts longer than wide, entire; flowers mostly 9-14, the corolla with spur apex 2-fid. inflata 11. Floats more or less parallel for most of their length, tapering abruptly to the base; leaves with the two halves equal in size and shape; bracts wider than long, with apex 3-dentate; flowers mostly 3-4, the corolla with spur apex almost always entire radiata 10. Peduncle without a whorl of floats 12. Chasmogamous inflorescense with one or more cleistogamous flowers at the base or chasmogamous inflorescence sometimes absent and only cleis¬ togamous flowers present; lower lip of chasmogamous corolla 3-lobed; bract ralatively narrow, about 3 times as long as wide; seeds disk-shaped, not winged (suspended aquatic) geminiscapa 12. Chasmogamous inflorescence never with cleistogamous flowers at its base; lower lip of corolla entire, the apex rounded or emarginate; bract wider than long or not more than 2 times as long as wide. 10 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13. Upper lip of corolla larger, or at least as large as, the lower, shallowly 3-lobed; leaf- segments terete; capsule laterally 2-valvate; seeds lenticular, smooth or verru- cose, with an irregular wing; bract wider than long. 14. Leaves of two quite distinct kinds, some with more or less numerous green segments and few or no traps, others, usually below the substrate, with fewer whitish segments and numerous traps; inflorescence usually more than 2- flowered. 15. Terrestrial or shallow water affixed aquatic with green leafy shoots superficial, usually not more than 1 0 cm long and 2 cm total width; peduncle erect, straight, mostly 10-25 cm long, almost entirely emergent; seeds verrucose, but the wing margin not dentate. striata 15. Deep water aquatic, anchored in mud in water up to 1 m deep, with green leafy shoots submerged, up to 40 cm long and 5 cm total width; peduncle flexuous, up to 1 m long, only the apical 10 cm emergent; seeds verrucose and the wing margin conspicuously dentate. floridana 14. Leaves all more or less the same, green, with few segments and few traps; inflorescence usually not more than 2-flowered; shallow water aquatic or terrestrial on mud; seeds smooth or sometimes verrucose. gibba 13. Upper lip smaller than the lower, not 3-lobed, the apex rounded or emarginate; bract longer than wide; leaf segments terete or flattened; capsule circumscissile or indehiscent. 16. Stolons flattened; capsule indehiscent; seeds thinly lenticular with a narrow regular wing (robust suspended aquatic; pedicels decurved after flowering) foliosa 16. Stolons terete; capsule circumscissile; seeds polygonal, narrowly winged on all the angles. 17. Spur of corolla short, subsaccate, wider than long when viewed laterally (small affixed aquatic of shallow water in bogs, some leaf -segments flattened; bract auriculate) minor 17. Spur longer than wide; the apical half cylindrical or narrowly conical. 18. Leaves or one kind only, with numerous terete segments and bearing traps; apex of spur curved upwards; bract not, or scarcely, auriculate; deep water suspended aquatic macrorhiza 18. Leaves of two kinds, some superficial, with flattened green segments bearing few or no traps, others more or less buried in the substrate and bearing traps; apex of spur not curved upwards; bract auriculate; shallow water affixed aquatic. 19. Green leaf-segments with apex obtuse and lateral margins not toothed but bearing numerous (9-20) short setae; corolla with spur about as long as the lower lip. intermedia Volume 20 March & June 1991 11 19. Green leaf-segments with apex acute and lateral margins with few (4-9) distinct teeth, each bearing a short spical seta or setae; corolla with spur considerably shorter than the lower lip. ochroleuca 1. Vegetative parts only present. 20. Leaves simple; affixed terrestrial or subaquatic. 21. Leaves spathulate (terrestrial) amethystine. 21. Leaves linear or filiform. 22. Leaves terete, filiform, septate (terrestrial or shallow water affixed aquatic) resupinata 22. Leaves flattened, narrowly linear, not septate. 23. Traps with oral appendages. 24. Traps with 2 dorsal, subulate, sparsely branched appendages (terres¬ trial, but sometimes in shallow water) subulata 24. Traps with 1 dorsal, subulate appendage and 1 deeply 2-fid ventral appendage (terrestrial) simulans 23. Traps without appendages (terrestrial, but often in shallow water) (It is not possible to distinguish these two species on vegetative characters) cornuta & juncea 20. Leaves absent or divided into terete or narrow flattened segments; suspended or affixed aquatic. 25. Leaves absent, only traps arising from the stolons (minute suspended aquatic) olivacea 25. Leaves present. 26. Leaves verticillate and divided into verticillate segments, all or most of which bear terminal traps with no oral appendages (suspended aquatic). purpurea 26. Leaves not verticillate, nor with terminal traps, 27. Stolons flattened (robust suspended aquatic) foliosa 27. Stolons terete. 28. Suspended aquatic; leaves of one kind only. 29. Leaves with traps lateral on terete leaf-segments and also a few, somewhat different, smaller traps present at the very base of the primary segments. 12 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 30. Quadrifid glands inside the proximal part of the trap with the two pairs of arms parallel or almost so. geminiscapa 30. Quadrifid glands inside the proximal part of the trap with the two pairs of arms divergent. macrorhiza 29. Leaves with traps lateral on terete or flattened leaf-segments but never with different traps at the base of the primary segments. 31. Leaves with few segments (usually not more than 4, but sometimes up to 8) (a common form of this, normally affixed, shallow water aquatic, which rarely produces flowers) gibba 31. Leaves with more than 10 segments. 32. Leaves each with two primary segments and thus divided into two halves. 33. Leaves with the two halves equal, the primary segments longer than the subsequent ones. radiata 33. Leaves with the two halves markedly unequal, one, at least, of the two primary segments not longer than the subsequent ones. inflata 28. Affixed aquatic, in deep or shallow water or mud or sometimes in floating rafts of living or dead plants. 34. Leaves notclearlyof 2 distinct kinds, all green and usually bearing more or less numerous traps. 35. Leaves with few segments (usually not more than 4, but sometimes up to 8). gibba 35. Leaves with more than 10 segments. 36. Plant bearing numerous small tuber-like organs on shoots which descend into a mud substrate; leaf segments terete, with lateral setae (a form of this, normally deep water aquatic, induced when stranded on mud) inflata 36. Plant not bearing tuber-like organs; leaf segments terete or flat¬ tened, without lateral setae (quadrifid glands inside the proximal part of the trap with one pair of arms reflexed so that all 4 arms point in the same direction) minor 34. Leaves of two quite distinct kinds, some green with few or no traps, others whitish, bearing more or less numerous traps and buried in the substrate. 37. Deep water affixed aquatic, anchored in mud up to 1 m below the water surface; green leaves on long plume-like shoots, up to 40 cm long, and 5 cm total width, the segments terete. floridana Volume 20 March & June 1991 13 37. Shallow water affixed aquatic with the green leafy shoots superficial, the seg¬ ments terete or flattened. 38. Leaf-segments with apical, but without lateral, setae; quadrifid glands inside the proximal part of the trap with one pair of arms reflexed, so that all four arms point in the same direction. minor 38. Leaf-segments with apical and with lateral setae; quadrifid glands not with all four arms pointing in the same direction. 39. Green leaf-segments terete, the margins not toothed, but bearing 3-6 short setae. striata 39. Green leaf-segments flattened. 40. Green leaf-segments with apex obtuse, the margins not toothed, but bearing 9-20 short setae; quadrifid glands inside the proximal part of the trap with both paris of arms parallel. intermedia 40. Green leaf-segments with apex acute, the margins with 4-9 distinct teeth, each terminating in a short seta or setae; glands inside the proximal part of the trap with both pairs of arms divergent. ochroleuca Notes on Distribution of North American Utricularia 1. U. amethystina St. Hil. This tropical species has been found on two occasions in peninsular Florida. Elsewhere it has a very wide distribution in America from Mexico to Peru. It grows in wet sand or peat in open vegetation, although it will tolerate more shade than most terrestrial species. First discovered in the USA by Jeanette P. Standley near Fort Meyers and described by Barnhart as Calpidisca standleyae. Subse¬ quently it was found again by Len Brass in Collier County. Don Schnell has searched for it in recent years, but has so far failed to locate it. The spathulate leaves, which are almost invariably present at flowering time, and the connate bract and bracteoles, are both diagnostic among North American species. 2. U. comuta Michx This occurs in north America, Bahamas & Cuba. In Canada it is found from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia westwards to Alberta, and in the United States in all of the eastern states and westwards to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Arkansas (“Washington” is included in my monograph, but this is a mistake, specimens exist so labelled, but almost certainly in error). It grows in wet soil or shallow water up to about 10 cm deep in fens, marshes and swamps, probably usually on acid soil. This species is very similar to U.juncea and often confused with it. Kondo, in his key to the North American Utricularia species, 14 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Utricularia capilliflora — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo (with assistance by Dr. Arthur Weston). Note erect corolla appendages in this small, annual terrestrial. Utricularia lasiocaulis — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo. Utricularia dunstaniae — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo ( with assistance by Dr. Arthur Weston). Note erect corolla appendages. Utricularia fulva — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo. A group of plants. Volume 20 March & June 1991 15 uses as his primary character for distinguishing the two species the color of the peduncle (scape), that of U. cornuta being said to be ‘green to yellowish-green’ and of U. juncea ‘greenish-purple to purple’. I have not seen the latter species flowering in the USA and cannot vouch for the reliability of this character, and I have seen U. juncea floweringin Trinidad, West Indies with a green peduncle. The pollen grains of U. cornuta are larger than those of U. juncea. Where the two species are sympatric the former usually flowers earlier than the latter. 3. U. floridana Nash This most interesting species is endemic in the United States, where it occurs in Florida, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas. It grows in water up to 1 m deep in oligotrophic lakes. The habit of this species is unique in the genus. It has an interesting history; the earliest collections known were made by Rugel from Lake Iamonia, near Tallahassee, in 1845, and were founded by me, unnamed, in the herbarium of the British Museum. Until quite recently, apart from fragments of the type specimen of Nash (described from Lake County in 1896, about 50 years after Rugel collected it), no other specimens existed in European herbaria, and only a few in United States herbaria. Duringmy stay in Florida in 1972 1 did not find it in Lake Iamonia, which is now largely silted and quite unsuitable, but I was shown it in the relatively recently man-made Lake Seminole, and found it also in several lakes in the vicinity of Orlando and in White Lake, Bladen County, in N. Carolina. 4. U. foliosa L. From North America I have seen specimens of this essentially tropical species from N. Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. It seems unlikely that it does not also occur in S. Carolina and Alabama. Elsewhere it is very widespread in C and S America and also in tropical Africa and Madagascar. It grows in shallow to quite deep water in ditches, lakes and swamps. In the past it has been confused, by some North American authors, with U. macrorhiza, but the vegetative parts and especially the fruits and seeds are very different. The flattened stolons are unique in the genus. 5. U. geminiscapa Benj. Endemic in North America, where it occurs in eastern Canada and in the United States from Maine to north-eastern N. Carolina, also extending westwards to Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and W. Virginia. Itgrows(accordingtoFernald)in pools, ponds and sluggish streams. In the sterile condition this species is not easily distinguished from some forms of U. macrorhiza, although the leaf-segments usually bear fewer setae than are generally found in that species and the quadrifid glands inside the traps are quite different. U. radiata and U. inflata are the only other North American aquatic species in which the chasmogamous corolla has a 3- lobed lower lip, and those two both invariably have a whorl of floats on the peduncle. 6. U. gibba L. In North America this species is widespreadin Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and British Columbia) and in the United States it is absent only from Alaska and the great plains and Rocky Mountain states (that is, N. and S. Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, 16 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Arizona, Utah, Idaho and Nevada). It has also been found, relatively recently, in Hawaii. Elsewhere it is more or less pan-tropical, and is found as a weed in botanic gardens and probably in collections of cultivated carnivorous plants. It grows in a great variety of wet habitats (I have even seen it, in the Everglades, growing as an “epiphyte” on a floating mossy log, some considerable distance above water-level), but does not usually flower in deep water unless supported by a floatingmat of living or dead vegetation. It is a very variable species and has formerly, by most North American authors, been treated as two species - U. gibba proper, with a short obtuse spur to the corolla, and U. biflora Lam., with somewhat larger flowers with a relatively longer, more slender spur. However, many intermediate forms exist, and a study of the species throughout the world, both in the field and the herbarium, induced me to unite these two (and many others) under the earliest name. The relative proportions of the lips of the corolla, the sparse leaf-segments and the distinctive seeds, distinguish this from all other species in the region except the allied U. striata and U. floridana\ for differences from these two, see key. In the sterile condition, which is very commonly found, sometimes suspended in deep water, it may resemble non-flowering plants of U. minor, and I have seen the two growing together in Michigan. However, the leaf-segments in that species are usually more numerous and differ from those of U. gibba in usually, (but not invariably), having lateral setae on the ultimate segments - those of U. minor never do. The two species can always be distinguished with certainty by the very different quadrifid glands inside the traps. 7. U. inflata Walter Endemic in the United States, where it occurs in the eastern coastal plain states from New Jersey to Texas, extending westwards into Kentucky, Tennessee and Arkansas, with a single recent record from Washington state. It grows in shallow to very deep water in lakes, ponds and ditches, this species has been confused with the similar U. radiata, but the two species are quite distinct. When stranded by falling water level it produces a rather puzzling form (it does not seem to flower in this condition), which produces, at the end of stolon branches, distinctive tuber¬ like organs which are buried in the substrate. This form is easily induced in cultivation, but I was unable to induce it in U. radiata. 8. U. intermedia Hayne This species occurs throughout Canada and in all of the northern states of the USA, southwards to California, Montana, N. Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Delaware. Elsewhere it occurs throughout the cooler parts of the northern hemisphere. It usually grows in shallow water in acid fens and bogs. Confusion is likely with U. ochroleuca but U. intermedia can usually be distinguished by the untoothed margins and obtuse apices of the green leaf- segments, which usually bear no traps. The traps are also usually larger, and in fact, probably the largest found in any North American species. 9. U. juncea Vahl In North America this is confined to the United States eastern coastal plain, from New Jersey to Texas. To the south it extends from the Bahamas, Cuba and Mexico southwards to Brazil. Its distribution is thus quite different from that of the very similar U. cornuta. The usual habitat is wet sand or peat or in shallow water in Volume 20 March & June 1991 17 marshes, bogs and by ponds. The two species may usually be distinguished by the smaller, more numerous and more widely spaced flowers of U. juncea. A cleis- togamous form, with very small flowers that do not open, is frequently found and has been recognised as a distinct species (U. virgatula Barnhart). Intermediate forms, however, often occur, and sometimes both chasmogamous and cleistoga- mous flowers may be found on the same inflorescence. 10. U. macrorhiza Le Conte The distribution of this species is of some interest. It occurs throughout Canada and in most of the United States (including Alaska), being absent only in the warmer southeastern coastal plain states, although an occasional sterile speci¬ men has been found in S. Carolina and Florida and it has been found a few times, at high altitude, in the mountains of Mexico. It also occurs on the other side of the Bering Straits in easternmost Soviet Union, and in Mongolia and parts of China. It grows in shallow to deep water in ponds, lakes and wet fens. It has, in the past been confused with the European U. vulgaris , and has sometimes been treated as a variety (var. americana), or as a subspecies (subsp. macrorhiza), although the earliest epithet available in the varietal rank is robbinsii. I believe that it is correctly regarded as a distinct species, and seeing it in flower in the field recently in Michigan (with the kind assistance of Don Schnell) reinforced this view. It has also been confused with U. foliosa, (for example in Fassett (1940), Muenscher (1944) and in Rondo’s key (1973), and, partly at least, in the “Flora of the Carolinas”), but the two species are only very superficially similar and the terete stolons of U. macrorhiza will always serve to distinguish them. 11. U. minor L. This species has a distribution in North America very similar to that of U. intermedia , and the two species often grow together. Elsewhere it occurs throughout the cooler part of the northern hemisphere and is also found in a few places further south, for example in the mountains of Burma and New Guinea. It grows in shallow, usually acid, water in bogs and fens. When in flower this is a very distinct species, the very short spur of the corolla distinguishing it from all other North American species but U. olivacea, but that species has very much smaller white flowers and no free-ending leaf-segments. 12. 17. ochroleuca Hartm. This species has only relatively recently been much noticed as a North American plant, although it was collected, and described as U. occidentals A. Gray in 1883. So far it has been recorded from a number of Canadian provinces and from several northern states in the USA (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan and Minnesota), and probably occurs in others, and should be looked for. Elsewhere it occurs in Europe and temperate Asia, where it is also probably under¬ recorded. It is very similar to U. intermedia and grows in similar habitats, (although possibly not with it). Unlike that species, which reproduces sexually, it is a vegetative apomict; that is, it never produces fruit, and reproduction and dispersal is by vegetative fragments or by turions. When in flower it has a shorter spur than in U. intermedia, but the toothed margins of the green leaf-segments, coupled with the presence of some traps on the latter, furnish the best characters for distinguish¬ ing the two species when not in flower. If all else fails, the quadrifid glands inside the traps always have diverging, not parallel, pairs of arms. 18 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13. U. olivacea Wright ex Griseb. In North America this is known only from the eastern coastal plain states of New Jersey, N. and S. Carolina, Georgia and Florida, although it is easily overlooked, especially when not in flower, and probably occurs in other eastern states. Elsewhere it extends from Cuba to Brazil and Bolivia. It grows in still or slowly flowing water in ponds, lakes, ditches and streams, often intertwined with other plants, including other Utricularia species This is one of the smallest of Utricularia species, and one of the few aquatic species which have not free-ending leaf-segments, the thread-like stolons bearing only shortly-stalked traps. 14. U. purpurea Walt. This very distinct species has a wide distribution in eastern North America from eastern Canada (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), through all of the eastern coastal plain states from Maine to Texas and extending westwards into Michigan, Illinois and Indiana. EH se where it is found from the Bahamas and Cuba to Costa Rica and is replaced by a similar species in S. America. It grows in lakes and pools, ditches and slow-flowing streams. Not likely to be confused with any other species in North America, in any condition, the verticillate leaf-segments and the shape of the corolla being diagnostic. 15. U. radial a Small This species has a somewhat wider distribution in the eastern states than the similar U. inflata, occurring from Nova Scotia in Canada and from Maine through all of the coastal plain states to Louisiana, extending westwards into Indiana, Tennessee and Arkansas. It grows in similar habitats to U. inflata , and sometimes, as I have seen in Florida, the two may be found growing together. The shape of the floats and bract provide the best characters for distinguishing the two species. 16. U. resupinata Greene ex Bigelow This species is found in eastern Canada (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) and eastern USA from Maine to Delaware, apparently absent from Virginia and, even more inexplicably, the Carolinas, reappearing in Georgia and Florida, with westward extensions to Michigan, Indiana and Wisconsin. Else¬ where it has been recorded from Cuba, Belize and Nicaragua. It grows in shallow water or in wet sand or mud at the margins of pools. It would be of interest to know if a clone from, say, Florida, would be hardy in the cold winters of the north. It may pass the winter as a seed in the cooler parts of its range, and thus behave as an annual, although it may be perennial in the warmer south. A possible explanation of the distribution gap is that there is not a continuous cline but that two forms have evolved in the two regions, neither of which, for some reason, occurring in the intermediate area. It may also be possible that no suitable habitats are to be found in this area, although I have seen what appeared to me to be likely terrain in N. Carolina. At least in the northern part of its range, it is said to flower only under simultaneous conditions of low water level and higher than normal temperatures. The septate, subulate leaves are unique in the genus, and make certain identifi¬ cation of sterile material possible. The curious tubular bract is shared only with the other species in the section, which occurs in South America, and has quite different leaves. Volume 20 March & June 1991 19 17. U. si mu lan 8 Pilger This species has been collected in a number of localities in southern Florida (I have seen specimens form 10 counties), where it is (or was), said to grow in damp sandy flats. Elsewhere it has a wide distribution in Central and South America from Cuba to Paraguay, and also in various parts of tropical Africa. Don Schnell has recently located it in Florida, although many or perhaps most of the localities as recorded on herbarium specimens have now been destroyed by urban development and drain¬ age. The fimbriate calyx lobes and bracts are unique among north American species, and although it is not likely to be noticed when not flowering, the traps (which measure only 0.2-0.3 mm long) are similarly unique. 18. U. striata Le Conte ex Torrey Endemic in the United States, where it is restricted to the eastern coastal plain from Massachusetts to Texas and Oklahoma. It grows in shallow water in bogs and marshes, or sometimes in deeper water, supported by floating mats of other vegetation. This species (which goes under the name of U. fibrosa Walt, in most north American floristic works) is quite similar to the larger forms of U. gibba, but in the field at least it is distinguished by the two very different types of leaves, which are invariably present, although they are not always obvious in badly prepared herbarium specimens. Itis probably more closely allied to U. floridana, which grows in deeper water and has a flexuose submerged peduncle and much longer leaf- segments. Plants which appear to be in some ways intermediate, which I observed in SE N. Carolina, should be investigated. 19. U. subulata L. This species is recorded form Canada (Nova Scotia) and all the coastal plain states from Massachusetts to Texas and also Tennessee and Arkansas. Elsewhere it is almost pan-tropical, and I have personally collected it in America (both north and south), Africa and Australia. It grows in wet sand in a variety of open vegetation types — roadside borrow-pits are often quite yellow with it in NW Florida. The peltate bracts distinguish it from all other North American species. U. subulata is a common weed of glasshouses in which carnivorous plants are cultivated. It commonly occurs in such situations (and in the field) as a cleistogamous form, with the whole plant, and especially the corolla, much reduced in size and forming fruits and seeds without opening. The Genus Genlisea By Peter Taylor Introduction The genus Genlisea currently comprises 19 species, 8 of which occur in tropical and South Africa (one of these occurring also in Madagascar), the remaining 1 1 beir found in Central and South America. None of the species occurs in both continents. It differs from Utricularia in having a 5- (not 2-) lobed calyx and in its traps, which are very different. Unlike Utricularia, the trapping mechanism is passive, and works on the principle of a lobster-pot; that is, the prey can enter the trap but is prevented from leaving by inward-pointing bristles, and once inside can move only towards the 20 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter “digestion-chamber”. A lobster-pot, of course, contains some bait, but what causes the prey to approach and enter the Genlisea trap does not seem to have been established. In Utricularia the traps are very diverse in their morphology, but in Genlisea they appear to be rather uniform in shape, and although they vary considerably in size both between and within the species (or even sometimes the individual), they do not, at present, appear to provide useful characters for identification, although an examination of more complete material of all the species may yet reveal constant specific differences. The genus has been divided, by Elza Fromm-Trinta, into two sections, based chiefly on the manner in which the capsule splits to shed its seeds. In section Genlisea, which occurs in both Africa and America, the fruit is unique among the flowering plants in that it is circumscissile, but splits (comparing the capsule to the globe) not only at the equator, but also at two further latitudes between the equator and the north pole. Stopp (1958) figures this, and also a capsule which is splitting in a spiral manner, but I have not personally observed this. In section Tayloria, which occurs only in Brazil, the capsule splits into longitudinal valves. The three species which comprise this section (G. violacea, G. uncinata and G. lobata) differ from the American species in section Genlisea in having the fruiting pedicels reflexed or recurved, but in Africa three species in the latter section (G. margaretae, G. glandulosissima and G. pallida ) also have recurved fruiting pedicels. I have personally observed only two species in the field (in Africa), G. subglabra which grew in permanently wet bogs with a peaty substrate, and flowered just before and during the early part of the wet season, and G. margaretae, which grew in a woodland clearing in a wet valley bottom on pure sand. It vegetated all through the wet season and came into flower in the early part of the dry season. In the latter species some of the traps descended to a depth of about 20 cm below the surface, and were very difficult to collect intact. The genus is a very natural group; that is, the species are all very similar to each other, and the range of taxonomic characters available for distinguishing them is small. The traps have already been dismissed as being of little use, and the only other vegetative characters available are habit and leaf shape. In habit they are, in general, not at all diverse, most having a very short vertical stem which springs a more or less dense rosette of leaves. Only one species differs in having a more or less elongated, horizontal stem. As to the leaves, they are mostly spathulate, but a few are strap¬ shaped, although in one species both types have been observed. They vary somewhat in size, and in some species appear to be invariably small, or large, while in others there seems to be a wide range within the species. There is also variation between species in the number of leaves per rosette, although, again, this appears to vary considerably within a single species or even population. We are thus left with characters derived from the inflorescence. Corolla color is mostly either yellow or some shade of violet or mauve, a few are white or cream. Within most species the color appears to be constant, but one, normally violet-flowered African species, has a bright and a greenish yellow flowered form (there are no normally yellow-flowered species in Africa), and also an albino, white-flowered form. It is, of course, possible that albino forms of other violet- flowered species may occur, as they are known to do in several violet or pink flowered Utricularia species. There is considerable diversity in the size and shape of the corolla and its various parts; the spur may be longer or shorter than the lower lip, and its apex obtuse or acute, and the shape and relative proportions of the two lips varies considerably between different species. Perhaps the most important character, of which much use is made in the key, is the indumentum, that is the hairs and glands which occur on most of the various parts of the inflorescence. A few are glabrous or almost so, while others bear either simple hairs or gland-tipped hairs (sometimes termed stipitate glands), or a mixture of both, and close attention to the distribution Volume 20 March & June 1991 21 and nature of the indumentum is essential for the determination of most species, and in most cases can be observed with a hand lens. As in Utricularia, there appear to be differences in the seeds and pollen which could be of use in distinguishing species, but as a microscope is necessary, and not all species have been studied, such characters have not been used in what is intended to be a practical key. The habitats in which Genlisea species are found are similar to those where terrestrial Utricularia species grow, and the two genera are often found together. As with the latter genus, some appear to prefer wetter habitats than others, but water is probably essential underground around the traps for them to function. All of the species, except perhaps for G. repens, which may spread, short range by its creeping stem, appear to be propagated and dispersed only by seed, although it may be possible to propagate by leaf-cuttings in cultivation, as with some Utricularia species. The flowers appear to be adapted to insect pollination, but it is likely that they may be autogamous (self pollinating) as in Utricularia. The function of the traps has been studied, but rather less than most other carnivorous plants, possibly because of the lack of suitable material. No key to the whole genus has been published hitherto, and I hope that the one that follows will serve until Elza Fromm -Trinta completes the monograph of the genus on which she has been working for some years. Key to Species of Genlisea 1. Corolla bright or greenish yellow. 2. Spur of corolla shorter than the lower lip (Am) 14. roraimensis 2. Spur of corolla longer than, or at least as long as, the lower lip. 3. Corolla 15-20 mm long; raceme axis short, the flowers more or less congested; robust plant, up to 40 cm tall; upper part of inflorescence, including flowers, densely covered with gland-tipped hairs (Am). 3. aurea 3. Corolla less than 12 mm long; raceme axis elongate, the flowers more or less widely spaced; small plant, usually less than 25 cm tall; upper part of inflorescence glabrous or almost so, or with simple hairs, or gland-tipped hairs, or a mixture of both. 4. Upper part of inflorescence sparsely to quite densely covered with gland- tipped hairs only; spur not narrowly conical. 5. Corolla 6-8 mm long, with spur inflated, cylindrical, with apex obtuse; gland-tipped hairs few; corolla, including spur, longer than wide (Am). 4. filiformis 5. Corolla 10-12 mm long, with spur broad in the proximal half, tapering to a narrowly cylindrical or obtusely conical distal half; gland-tipped hairs usually numerous; corolla, including spur, about as long as wide (Afr). 1. africana 4. Upper part of inflorescence with a few simple hairs, or with a mixture of short simple hairs and longer gland-tipped hairs; spur narrowly conical. 22 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 6. Upper part of inflorescence covered with a mixture of simple hairs and longer, gland-tipped hairs; stem very short, erect (Am). 12. pygmaea 6. Upper part of inflorescence with a few simple hairs only; stem elongated, prostrate. 13. repens 1. Corolla mauve, violet, cream or (abnormally) white. 7. Pedicels reflexing or recurving after flowering. 8. Upper lip of corolla with apex distinctly 2-lobed. 9. Lobes of lower lip of corolla with apex rounded or truncate; corolla violet (Am). 19. violacea 9. Lobes of lower lip of corolla with apex emarginate; corolla white, with a violet spur (Am). 9. lobata 8. Upper lip of corolla with apex rounded, not lobed. 10. Spur of corolla hooked, with the distal half curving forwards and upwards (Am). 18. uncinata 10. Spur of corolla not hooked, more or less straight. 11. Corolla cream; receme with flowers fewer than 6, not congested; peduncle with few, inconspicuous scales (Afr). 11. pallida 11. Corolla violet or mauve; raceme with more than 10 flowers, congested; peduncle with numerous, conspicuous scales. 12. Inflorescence 6-14 cm tall, densely covered throughout with gland-tipped hairs (Afr). 6. glandulosissima 12. Inflorescence 20-60 cm tall, the upper part densely covered with gland- tipped hairs, the lower part glabrous or only sparsely glandular (Afr). 10. margaretae 7. Pedicels not reflexing or recurving after flowering. 13. Inflorescence completely glabrous (Am). 5. glabra 13. Inflorescence, or at least the ovary and capsule, with a least some simple or gland-tipped hairs, or both. 14. Leaves strap-shaped up to 12 cm long and 1 cm wide. 15. Inflorescence, excluding ovary and capsule, glabrous or with a few scattered simple hairs. 16. Ovary and capsule with short gland-tipped hairs (Afr). 2. angolensis Volume 20 March & June 1991 23 16. Ovary and capsule with simple hairs (Am). 7. guianensis 15. Inflorescence, at least the upper part, densely covered with a mixture of simple and gland-tipped hairs (Am). 15. sanariapoana 14. Leaves obovate-spathulate, not more than 5 cm long. 17. Inflorescence, including ovary and fruit, with simple hairs only. 18. Distal half of ovary and capsule densely hispid. 8. hispidula 18. Distal half of ovary with a few hairs only. 11. subglabra 17. Inflorescence with gland-tipped hairs, sometimes mixed with simple hairs. 19. Spur of corolla about twice as long as the lower lip, and the corolla, including spur, about three times as long as wide (Am). 15. sanariapoana 19. Spur of corolla less than one and half times as long as the lower lip, and the corolla, including spur, scarcely longer than wide. 20. Upper part of inflorescence more or less densely covered with a mixture of gland-tipped hairs and shorter, simple hairs. 1. stapfii 20. Upper part of inflorescence sparsely to more or less densely covered with gland-tipped hairs only; corolla violet or rarely white. 16. africana Notes on Distribution of Genii sea 1. G. africana Oliver C & S tropical Africa (SE Zaire, Angola, Zimbabwe & Zambia). A medium sized to large species with relatively large flowers. The corolla is usually deep violet, with a rare bright or greenish yellow form which may grow with typical plants and intermediate forms, or sometimes as pure populations, an albino form with a white corolla is also recorded. Very similar to the largely W. African G. stapfii, which tends to be smaller and differs in its indumentum. 2. G. angolensis Good C & S tropical Africa (Angola and SE Zaire). A rare, relatively large species, apparently of wet habitats, which differs from all other African ones in its relatively long, strap-shaped leaves (for differences from American species with similar leaves see key). 3. G. aurea St. Hil. Tropical America (Brazil, from Goias to Sta. Catarina). The largest and most showy of the yellow-flowered species, not excusably confused with any other. The corolla can be up to 2 cm long, but is often somewhat smaller. 24 Carnivorous Riant Newsletter 4. G. filiformis St. Hil. Tropical America (Belize, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil (from Amazonas to Sao Paulo)). The only species with small yellow flowers that has an obtuse, rather than an acute, spur-apex, and usually rather sparse, long gland- tipped hairs, without any admixture of simple hairs. 5. G. glabra P. Taylor Venezuela only, where it is known from Apacara-tepui, Aprada-tepui and Torono- tepui . The only species with the combination of small violet flowers and a completely glabrous inflorescence. 6. G. glandulosissima R. E. Fries S. tropical Africa (Zambia only). A small species with mauve or violet flowers. It is similar to G. margaretae, with which it is known to hybridize, but has a shorter inflorescence which is densely glandular throughout. The pedicels of both species are strongly recurved in fruit. 7. G. guianensis N. E. Brown Tropica] America (Guyana, Venezuela (Bolivar) and Brazil (Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goias)). A large, violet-flowered species of wet habitats. It is distinguished from the African G. angolensis, which has similar strap-shaped leaves, by the absence of gland-tipped hairs on its ovary and capsule. It is also somewhat similar to G. sanariapoana, which may also have strap-shaped leaves, but has a densely glandular, rather than the very sparsely glandular or hairy or almost glabrous inflorescence of G. guianensis. 8. G. hispidula Stapf Tropical Africa (Nigeria, Cameroun, Central African Republic, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique) and S. Africa. A medium sized eglandular species with mauve or pink flowers. It is very similar to G. subglabra, but is much more widespread. It differs only in having more numerous hairs on the ovary and capsule. 9. G. lobata Fromm-Trinta At present known from a single collection (which I have not seen) from Brazil (Minas Gerais). A small, delicate species in section Tayloria, which differs from G. violacea in having the lobes of both upper and lower bps of the corolla distinctly emarginate. The corolla also differs in being white with a violet spur. The pedicels are sharply reflexed in fruit. 10. G. margaretae Hutchinson Tropical Africa (Tanzania and Zambia) and Madagascar. An uncommon, relatively tall, slender species with violet or mauve flowers and recurved fruiting pedicels. 11. G. pallida Fromm-Trinta and P. Taylor Tropica] Africa (Angola and Zambia). The only African species in which the corolla is not normally violet or mauve but is apparently always cream, and the fruiting pedicels are recurved. X/nlnmo 90 Marrh & .Inna 1QQ1 Of; 12. G. pygmaea St. Hil. Tropical America (Colombia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil). A small yellow-flowered species with an acute spur and densely glandular inflorescence. 13. G. repens Benj. Tropical America (Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil and Paraguay). A small, yellow- flowered almost glabrous species distinguished by its relatively long subterranean stem, which bears leaves throughout its length. All of the species with similar flowers have a very short, erect stem which bears a more or less dense rosette of leaves. 14. G. roraimensis N. E. Brown Tropical America (Venezuela and Guyana, where it is confined to relatively high altitudes on the “tepuis”). Differs from the other small, yellow-flowered species in having the spur shorter than the lower lip of the corolla. 15. G, sanariapoana Steyermark Venezuela only, where it is known from a number of localities in Edo Bolivar and Terr. Fed. Amazonas. Very like G. guianensis and appears to sometimes have similar strap-shaped leaves, at least when growingin wetter habitats, plants from drier habitats having spathulate leaves. A fairly large, robust, densely glandular species with violet flowers. 16. G. stapfiiA. Chev. Tropical Africa, from Guinea-Bissau to Cameroun, Central African Republic, Gabon and, Zaire and Angola. A medium sized violet-flowered species, very similar to G. africana and replacing it in western Africa. It differs mainly in indumentum. 17. G. subglabra Stapf Tropical Africa, Zaire, Rwanda-Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia. A medium sized species with pink or mauve flowers, very similar toG. hispidula but with a more restricted distribution and differing from it in indumentum. 18. G. uncinata P. Taylor and Fromm-Trinta Known only from Brazil (Bahia). A very distinct large, violet-flowered species in section Tayloria, differing from the other two species in the section in being much larger and more robust, in its hooked spur-apex and its papillose seeds. The fruiting pedicels are recurved rather than reflexed. 19. G. violacea St. Hil. Known only from Brazil (Minas Gerais, Expirito Santo and Sao Paulo). A small, violet-flowered species in section Tayloria. The lower lip of the corolla is deeply 3-lobed, the lobes being cuneate in shape (wedge-shaped, narrowed to the base) and the spur is scarcely half as long and either narrowly cylindrical or sometimes club-shaped, that is, slightly swollen at the apex. 26 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter The Genus Genlisea St. Hit. An Annoted Bibliography By Peter Taylor, 1990 The names following the entries in parentheses are those dealt with in the work (if not mentioned in the title), in bold if new species or new combinations, otherwise in italic. The names are those used by the author of the work, and not necessarily those which are currently accepted by myself or Elza Fromm -Trinta (e.g., G. oxycentron P. Taylor (1955) is now considered to be a synonym of G. pygmaea St. Hil. (1833) - see check-list), and some may be misidentifications. Agnew, A., Upland Kenya Wildflowers: 569(1974). Oxford. ( hispidula ). Angely, J., Flora Analitica e Fitogeografica do Estado de Sao Paulo 5: 943 (1970). Sao Paulo. ( biloba , repens). Barnhart, J. H., Segregation of genera in Lentibulariaceae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 48, fig. 5 (1916). (filiformis ). _ in Gleason, H.A., The Tyler Duida Expedition. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 469 (1931). ( roraimensis ). Beauverd, G., Plantae Damazianae Brasiliensis. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 7: 702 (1907). ( ornata ). Benjamin, L. in Martius, C. P. F. de, Flora Brasiliensis 10: 252, tab. 21, fig. II (June 1847). Munich. ( aurea , biloba, filiformis, minor, ornata , pygmaea, reflexa, repens, violacea). _ Neu Gattungen und Arten der Utricularieen nebst einer neuen Eintheilung der Gattung Utricularia. Linnaea 20: 316 (July 1847). (biloba, ornata, reflexa, repens). Bentham, G, & Hooker, J. D., Genera Plantarum 2: 988(1876). London. Berhaut, J., Flore Illustree du Senegal 4: 244, fig. (1975). Dakar. ( africana ). Bosser, J., Sur deux nouvelles Lentibulariacees de Madagascar. Nat. Malgache 10: 21- 23, fig. 1 (1959). (recurva). Brown, N. E., Genlisea guianensis N. E. Brown, sp. nov. Hooker’s leones Platarum IV, 7: tab. 2629(1900). _ Report on two botanical collections made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell & J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in (sic) British Guiana. Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 56, tab. 10, fig. 12-16 (1901). (guianensis , roraimensis). Chevalier, A., Novitates Florae Africanae. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mem. 8: 188 (1912). (stapfii). _ Expl. Bot. 1: 484 (1920). Paris. ( africana , stapfii). Chodat, R. & Hassler, E., Plantae Hasslerianae. Bull. Herb. Boissier II 3: 919 (1903). ( filiformis ). Volume 20 March & June 1991 27 Darwin, C. R., Insectivorous Plants: 446-452, figs. 29 & 30 (1876). De Candolle, A. in De Candolle, A. P., Prodromus System atis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 8: 25-26 (1844). Paris. ( aurea , filiformis, minor, pygmaea, violacea). Decker, J. S., Aspectos Biologicos de Flora Brasiliera: 315 (1877). Sao Leopoldo. Femandez-P6rez, A., Plantas Insectivoras, I: Lentibulariaceas de Colombia y Peru. Caldasia 9(41): 73-79, figs. 25 & 26 (1964). ( anfractuosa , filiformis, sp. cfr. pygmaea). Fries, R. E., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911-12: 301, fig. 36 (1916). Stockholm. ( africana , africana forma pallida, glandulosissima). Fromm-Trinta, Elza, Tayloria Fromm-Trinta - Nova Sef ao do genero Genlisea St. Hi. Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro, n. s. Bot. 44: 1-4, tabs. 1 & 2 (1977). _ Revisao das especies do genero Genlisea St. Hil. das regioes sudeste e sul do Brasil. Dissertacao de Mestrado apresentada a Coordenaeao do Curso de Pos- Graduacao em Botanica da UFRJ. pp. 104+iii, figs. 1-35 (1978). (aurea, filiformis, pygmaea, repens, violacea). _ Revisao do genero Genlisea St. Hil. das regioes sudeste e sul do Brasil. Rodriguesia31: 17-139, figs. 1-35(1979). (aurea, filiformis, pygmaea, repens, violacea). _ Revisao do genero Genlisea St. Hil. no Brasil. Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro, n. s. Bot. 61: 1-21, figs. 1-7 (1981). (aurea, filiformis, guianensis, pygmaea, repens, roraimensis, violacea). _ Genii seas Americanas. Sellowia No. 36: 55-62, figs. 1 & 2 (1984). (aurea, filiformis, glabra, guianensis, pygmaea, repens, roraimensis, sanariapoana, uncinata, violacea). _ Genlisea lobata Fromm-Trinta - uma nova especie para o genero Genlisea St. Hil. sect. Tayloria. Bradea 5: 152-155, fig. (1985). _____ & Taylor, P. Genlisea pallida Fromm-Trinta & Taylor, P. - uma nova especie para o genero Genlisea St. Hil. Bradea 4: 176-179, fig. (1985). Gibson, D. N. Flora of Guatemala X No. 4. Fieldiana, Bot. 24: 315-316, fig. 68 (1974). ( filiformis ). Glaziou, A. F. M., Liste des plantes du Bresil Central. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mem. 3: 512 (1908). (ornata, violacea). Goebel, K., Pfl an zenbi ol ogische Schilderungen 2: 121-127, tabs. 15 & 16 (1891). Marburg, (ornata). _ Zur Biologie von Genlisea. Flora 77: 208-212, fig. (1893). (violacea). _ Organographie der Pflanzen: 444, fig. 298 (1898-1901). Jena, (violacea). _ Organographie der Pflanzen, ed. 2; 2, 3, 117, 118, 1388, figs. 1, 2, 116, 1327 (1913-1928). Jena, (ornata, violacea). 28 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter _ Organographie der Pflanzen, English Edition 2: 234, 236, 237, figs. 169, 265, 338. (1905). Oxford. ( violacea ). Good, R. D’O. New Tropical African Lentibulariaceae. Joum. Bot. 2: 165(1924). (angolensis). Hiem, W. P., Cat. Afr. pi. Welw.: 789 (1900). London. ( africana ). Hutchinson, J.& Dalziel,M.D., Flora of WestTropical Africa 2: 236(1931). {africana). Hutchinson, J., A Botanist in S. Africa: 528-529 (1946). London, (subviridis, margaretae). _ The Families of Flowering Plants, Ed. 2: 493 (1959). Oxford. Hoehne, F. C., Plantas Aquaticas: 149-150, tab. 78 (1955). Sao Paulo {ornata). Juniper, B. E., et al, The Carnivorous Plants: 9, 18, 22, 37, 45, 54, 56, 71, 72, 86, 126, 150, 153, 156, 285, figs. 4,17A-C (1989). London. Kamienski, F., in Engler, A. & Prantl, K. A. E., Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV, 3b: 118-119, fig. 50, preprint (1891), & Lieferung 83 (1893). Leipzig, {ornata). Komiya, S., Systematic Studies on the Lentibulariaceae. Dissertation, Department of Biology, Nippon Dental College, Tokoyo: 20, 32 (1972). New Subdivision of the Lentibulariaceae. Journ. Jap. Bot. 48: 148(1973). Kuhlmann, J. G., Notas Biologicas sobre Lentibulariaceas. Anais de primeira Reuiniao Sul-Americana de Botanica 3: 314 (1940). Lloyd, F. E., The Carnivorous Plants. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 27: 25-30, figs. 6-8, tabs. 6 & 7 (1933). _ The Carnivorous Plants: 90-94, tabs. 11 & 12 (1942). Waltham, Mass. (Dover reprint, (1976). New York). Luetzelburg, P. von, Estudo Botanico Nordeste do Brazil. Publ. Inspect. Fed. de Obras Contra as Seccas 57, LA 3: 223 (1926). {ornata, ornata var. gracilis, nom. nud., filiformis,, luetzelburgii, nom. nud., pusilla, repens). Leon, H. & Alain, H., Flora de Cuba 4. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio de la Salle 16: 475 (1957). {luteoviridis). Lemee, A., Flore de la Guyane Francaise: 466(1953). Paris, {filiformis ). Melchior, H., Syllabus Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 12, 2: 466 (1964). Berlin. Merl, E., Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Utricularien und Genliseen. Flora 108: 128-133, 186, 178-181, 199, figs. 1-3, 28, 29 (1915). {cylindrica, filiformis, glandulosissima, ornata, violacea). Metcalf, C. R. & Chalk, L., Anatomy of the Dicotyledons 2: 992, fig. 231 (1950). Oxford. Volume 20 March & June 1991 29 Oliver, D., On the Lentibularieae collected in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch, with an Enumeration of the African Species. J. Linn soc. Bot. 9: 145-146(1865). (africana). _ Contribution a l’6tude de la flore de I’Afrique occidentale francaise: Lentibulariees. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 20-21(1914). (africana, stapfii.). Phillips, E. P., The Genera of South African Plants, Ed. 2: 696 (1951). ( hispidula ). Ross, J. H., Flora of Natal: 320 (1973). (hispidula). St. Hilaire, A. de, Voyage dans le District du Diamans du Brasil 2: 428-432 (1833). Paris, (aurea, filiformis, minor, pygmaea, violacea). _ _ & Girard, F. de, Monographic des Primulacees et des Lentibulariees du Bresil Meridional, Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sri 7: 870 (1838). (aurea, filiformis, minor, pygmaea, violacea). _ & _ Monographic des Primulacees et des Lentibulariees due Bresil meridional et de la republique Argentine. Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 11: 165-166, tab. 5 (1839). (aurea, filiformis, minor, pygmaea, violacea). (Also published again in Mem. Soc. Roy. Seri. d’Grleans 2: 43-46, tab. (1840)). Solereder, H., Systematische Anatomie der Dicotoledonen: 669-671, fig. 137 (1899)). Stuttgart. Standley, P., Flora of British Honduras. Publ. Field Mus., Bot. 12: 366 (1936). (luteoviridis). Stepf, O. in Dyer, W. T., Flora Capensis 4: 436-437 (1904). London, (hispidula). _ in Dyer, W. T., Flora of Tropical Africa 4: 497-499, 575 (1905). London. (africana, hispidula, subglabra). Steyermark, J. A. in Maguire, B., et al, Guiana Plants. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 657 (1948). (nigrocaulis). _ _ Botanical Exploration in Veneauela III. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 534-535 (1953). (esmeraldae, sanariapoana). _ Botanical Exploration in Venezuela IV. Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 1095 (1957). (roraimensis). Stopp, K., Notiz fiber die Dehiszenzweise der Kapselfrfichte von Genlisea hispidula Stapf. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen 34: 401-403, fig. 1 (1958). Sylvan N., Die Genliseen and Utricularien des Regnell’schen Herbariums. Arkiv For Botanik 8: 2-6, tab. 1, figs. 1-6, tab. 3, figs. 1-4(1908). (cylindrica , filiformis, or nata, violacea). P. Taylor in Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2: 288-290 (1955). Port of Sprin. (oxycentron). 30 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter _ in Hepper, F. N., Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 375, fig. 291A (1963). (africana, hispidula). _ in Steyermark, J. A., Flora del Auyan-tepui. Acta Botanica Venezuelica 2: 324 (1967). iguianensis). _ in Maguire, B. et al, Botany of the Guayana Highland VII. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 202-206, fig. 26 (1967). (filiformis , glabra, guianensis, pygmaea, repens, roraimensis, sanariapoana). _ in Bamps et al., Flore d’Afrique Centrale, Lentib.: 53-60, tabs 16 & 17 (1972). (angolensis, africana subsp. africana, africana subsp. stapfii, hispidula subsp. subglabra). _ _ A new combination in Genlisea. Kew Bull. 26: 444 (1972). ( hispidula subsp. subglabra). _ _ in Polhill, R. M., Flora of Tropical East Africa, Lentib.: 23, fig. 3 (1973). (, hispidula subsp. hispidula, hispidula subsp. subglabra, margaretae). _ in Reitz, R., Flora Ilustrada Catarinense, Lentib.: 4-7 (1980). ( aurea , repens). _ in Launert, E., Flora Zambesiaca 8: 38-42, tab. 7 (1988). ( africana , hispidula, glandulosissima, margaretae, pallida, subglabra). _ & Fromm-Trinta, Elza, Una nova especie para o genero Genlisea St. Hil. sect. Tayloria: Genlisea uncinata P. Taylor & Fromm-Trinta. Bradea 3: 365-368, fig. (1983). Tutin, T., New Species from British Guiana. J. Bot. 72: 309-312, figs. 1 & 2 (1934). (pulchella, anfractuosa). Warming, E., Symbolae ad floram Brasiliae centralis cognoscendam. Vidensk. Medd. Kjob. 1: 11-12, tab. 2, figs. 18-21 (1875). ( ornata , pusilla). _ Contribution a la connaisance des Lentibulariaceae. Vidensk. Medd. Kjob. 1: 33, tabs. 5 & 61 (1875). (ornata). Wright, C., in Sauvalle, A. H. R., Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana 6: 314(1869). luteoviridis. (reprinted as FI. Cubana: 90 (1873). Havana). GLOSSARY apex acute, when the inculuded angle at the tip of a leaf, bract, etc. is less than a right angle, or, more loosely, sharp (fig. 63). apex obtuse, when the included angle at the tip of a leaf, bract, etc. is greater than a right angle, or, more loosely, blunt (fig. 65). auriculate, lobed at the base, like an ear (fig. 66). basifixed, an organ (usually a bract or scale) which is attached at its base (fig. 17). Volume 20 March & June 1991 31 basisolute, an organ (usually a bract or scale) which is attached at a point above its base. Sometimes called medifixed (fig. 36). bract, a reduced, leaf-like organ which subtends a pedicel (fig. 19). chasmogamous, fertilization taking place when the flower is open. circumscissile, of a capsule which splits or ist dehiscent around the circumference (fig. 5, 29). cleistogamous, fertilization taking place within unopened flowers, connate, joined together, united (fig. 45). densely hispid, covered with closely set stiff hairs, denticulate, bearing small or minute teeth at the margin (fig. 76). emarginate, notched, usually at the apex (fig. 7, upper lip of corolla), fimbriate, with the margin bordered with long, slender teeth (fig. 42). flexuous, bent alternately in opposite directions, zig-zag. glabrous, smooth, without any kind of hairs. indehiscent, a fruit which does not open by regular lines or valves but ruptures in an irregular manner, or rots away to release the seeds. lenticular, shaped like a lentil, lens-shaped. obovate-spathulate, spoon-shaped, with the apical expanded part egg-shaped, but with the widest end nearest the apex (fig. 44). pedicels recurving, pedicels that are curved downwards after flowering (fig. 68). pedicels reflexing, pedicels that are abruptly bent downwards after flowering. peltate, an organ attached at the middle of its lower surface, like the cap of a mushroom (fig. 37). raceme, an inflorescence with a more or less lengthened axis and equally pedicellate flowers (fig. 14, R). saccate, bag-shaped; in reference to a spur implies that it is relatively broad in relation to its length, even shorter than wide, and with a blunt apex (fig. 75, Sp.). scales, bracts on the peduncle, below the raceme, which do not subtend flowers (fig. 14, Sc). setiform, bristle-like, spathulate, spoon-shaped. 32 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter subsaccate, bag-shaped, like saccate, but somewhat longer in relation to its width; intermediate between saccate and the normal, more or less elongated spur (fig. 59). subulate, awl-shaped, narrowly cylindrical with a sharp point. terete, cylindrical, circular in cross-section (fig. 71). 3-dentate, divided into three teeth (fig. 57). truncate, as though cut off at the end. verrucose, covered with warts or small rough excrescenses. verticillate, whorled, like the spokes of a wheel. Volume 20 March & June 1991 33 34 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Reproduced by permission of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ke w. I. GENLISEA, G. subglabra, 1, plant, natural size; 2, bract and bracteoles in situ, enlarged; 3, flower, from rear, enlarged; 4, simple hairs on corolla, greatly enlarged; 5, dehisced capsule (section Genlisea), enlarged, G. angolensis, 6, leaf, natural size, G. africana, 7, flower from front, enlarged, G. pallida, 8, trap, enlarged, G. filiformis, 9, flower from front, enlarged; 10, calyx and part of pedicel, enlarged; 11, gland-tipped hairs on pedicel, greatly enlarged, G. violacea, 12, dehiscing valvate capsule (section Tayloria) with pedicel, enlarged, G. sanariapoana, 13, gland-tipped and simple hairs on pedicel, greatly enlarged. Volume 20 March & June 1991 35 36 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter II. UTRICULARIA, a typical terrestrial and a typical aquatic species, U. juncea, 14, plant, natural size, R - raceme, Pu - peduncle, Sc - scale, L - leaf; 15, leaf with traps, enlarged; 16, scale, enlarged; 17, bract, enlarged; 18, bracteole, enlarged; 19, flower, in situ, lateral view, enlarged, Br - bract, Brl - bracteole, Pc - pedicel, UC - upper calyx lobe, LC - lower calyx lobe, CUL - corolla upper lip, CLL - corolla lower lip, S - spur; 20, calyx, enlarged; 21, plant with cleistogamous flowers, natural size; 22, cleistogamous flower, enlarged, U. geminiscapa, 23, plant, with chasmogamous and cleistogamous inflorescences, natural size; 24, leaf-segments, with traps, enlarged; 25, apex of leaf- segment, greatly enlarged; 26, quadrifid gland from inside trap, greatly enlarged; 27, bract, enlarged; 28, capsule from cleistogamous flower, with pedicel and bract insitu, enlarged; 29, dehisced circumscissile capsule, enlarged; 30, cleistogamous flower, enlarged. Volume 20 March & June 1991 37 38 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter III. UTRICULAR LA, U. resupinata, 31, plant, natural size; 32, tubular bract, en¬ larged; 33, apex of leaf, with septum and trap, enlarged, U. cornuta, 34, plant, natural size, U. subulata, 35, plant, natural size; 36, basisolute scale, in situ, enlarged; 37, basisolute, peltate bract, in situ, enlarged; 38, flower, from front, enlarged; 39, cleistogamous plant, natural size; 40, cleistogamous flower, lateral view, enlarged, U. simulans, 41, plant, natural size; 42, fimbriate calyx lobe, enlarged, U. amethystina, 43, plant, natural size; 44, leaf, enlarged; 45, connate bract and bracteoles, enlarged; 46, flower, from front, enlarged, U. purpurea, 47, flower, from front, with apex of one saccate corolla lobe removed, and spur shown in dotted line, enlarged; 48, verticillate leaf-segments with teminal traps, enlarged. Volume 20 March & June 1991 39 40 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter IV. UTRICULAR LA U. infiata, 49, raceme, with flower and capsules, natural size; 50, leaf, with the two halves unequal, natural size; 51, whorl of floats, with all but one removed, natural size; 52, bract, enlarged; 53, apex of spur, enlarged; U. radiata, 54, raceme and whorl of floats, natural size; 55, raceme, with capsules; 56, leaf, with the two halves equal, natural size; 57, bract, enlarged; 58, apex of spur, enlarged, U. minor, 59, flower, lateral view, with subsaccate spur shown part in dotted line, enlarged; 60, leaf, with traps, enlarged; 61, quadrifid gland from inside trap, greatly enlarged; 62, dehisced circumscissile capsule, enlarged, U. ochroleuca, 63, leaf-segment, enlarged; 64, quadrifid gland from inside trap, greatly enlarged, U. intermedia, 65, leaf-seg¬ ment, enlarged; 66, auriculate bract, enlarged; 67, quadrifid gland from insie trap, greatly enlarged. Volume 20 March & June 1991 41 42 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter V. UTRICULARIA, U. macrorhiza, 68, raceme and part of peduncle, natural size; 69, leaf, natural size; 70, bract, enlarged; 71, transverse section of stolon, enlarged; 72, quadrifid gland from inside trap, greatly enlarged; 73, apex of leaf-segment, enlarged, U. olivacea, 74, plant, natural size; 75, flower, lateral view, enlarged, Sp - saccate spur; 76, capsule and calyx with denticulate margins, enlarged, U. gibba, 77, plant, natural size; 78, inflorescence with flower and fruit, natural size; 79, inflorescence, large flowered form, natural size; 80, leaf-segments with traps, enlarged; 81, apex of leaf-segment, much enlarged; 82, quadrifid gland from inside trap, greatly enlarged, U. foliosa, 83, inflorescence, with flowers and part of stolon at the base, natural size; 84, raceme, with capsules, natural size; 85, transverse section of stolon, much enlarged, U. floridana, 86, raceme, natural size, U. striata, 87, plant, natural size; 88, valvate capsule, enlarged. Volume 20 March & June 1991 43 Utricularia fulva — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo. Close shot, Peter Taylor acknowledges this to be his favorite species. Utricularia leptoplectra — Near Darwin, Australia. P. Taylor/Kew photo. Utricularia chrysantha — Australia. Bill Lavarack photo (P. Taylor/Kew collection). Note particularly stocky, thick almost succulent peduncle in this very dry growing situation. Utricularia jamesoniana — South America. Carlyle Luer photo (P. Taylor/Kew collection). 44 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter World List of Genus Utricularia (Revised) Our last world list of carnivorous plants was published in CPN in 1986 (CPN: 15, double issue No. 3-4). Since that time, considerable progress has been made in revising various carnivorous plant genera. We will, from time to time as material is more or less finalized, be publishing revised lists of genera. Since the publication of Peter Taylor’s monograph, The Genus Utricularia, by Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (London) as a special edition of Kew Bulletin in 1989 (Additional Series XIV), publication of a revised list of this genus is necessary. We would like to thank author Peter Taylor, officials of the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), and HMSO for allowing us to abstract certain material from this excellent monograph in preparing this CPN list revision. Of course, detailed descriptions, reasoning for taxonomic decisions, and the famous Taylor drawings may be referred to in the monograph. The list, which follows, is conceived in two portions. The first list is of the generic sections and the 214 species recognized by Taylor in his monograph. You will note that each section and species is preceded by a number which coincides with the section and species numbered chapters discussing the section or species in Taylor’s monograph, and also corresponding to certain synonyms and unacceptable epithets as listed in the second portion below. For the amateur, a genus section is somewhat parallel to what a subspecies is to a species. Thus, Taylor recognizes 35 “subgenera”, or sections, to use the proper term. The sections are based on taxonomic affinities which may by chance in certain sections correlate with geographic groupings, but not necessarily always so. The use of italics is dispensed with in the first portion of the list. In the second portion of this list, acceptable sections and species are in bold print followed by the monograph chapter number, unacceptable section names, epithets, etc., are listed in italics followed by an “=” sign and then the reference number of the section or species name more correct for that entity so that one can easily cross refer to the first part of the list or the monograph itself. The Genus Utricularia List 1 — Sections and Species with Reference Numbers A section number is precede by a “#” and the section is in caps. Species are in lower case. #1 POLYPOMPHOLYX 8 inaequalis 1 tenella 9 violacea 2 multifida 10 dichotoma 11 terrae-reginae #2 TRIDENTARIA 12 novae-zelandiae 3 westonii 13 monanthos 14 unifiora #3 PLEIOCHASIA 15 kimberleyensis 4 menziesii 16 georgei 5 volubilis 17 hamiltonii 6 helix 18 tri flora 7 benthamii 19 arnhemica Volume 20 March & June 1991 45 20 tridactyla #10 ARANELLA 21 singeriana 58 fimbriata 22 fistulosa 59 simulans 23 tubulata 60 longeciliata 24 lasiocaulis 61 sandwithii 25 karrdenskii 62 blanchetii 26 kenneallyi 63 parthenopipes 27 leptorhyncha 64 lariniata 28 albiflora 65 purpureocaerulea 29 quinquedentata 66 costata 30 holtzei 31 rhododactylos #11 MARTINI A 32 cheiranthos 67 tenuissima 33 capilliflora 34 dunlopii #12 PSYLLOSPERMA 35 dunstaniae 68 hintonii 36 antennifera 69 petersoniae 70 schultesii MEIONULA 71 panamensis 37 minutissima 72 hispida 38 hirta 73 praelonga 39 geoffrayi 74 calycifida 75 huntii AUSTRALES 76 longifolia 40 lateriflora 41 delicatula #13 FOLIOSA 42 simplex 77 amethystina 78 tridentata NIGRESCENTES 79 tricolor 43 caerulea 44 warburgii #14 ENSKIDE 45 bracteata 80 chrysantha 81 fulva #7 CALPIDISCA 46 firmula #15 OLIGOCISTA 47 troupinii 82 bifida 48 welwitschii 83 odorata 49 odontosepala 84 involvens 50 microcalyx 85 bosminifera 51 bisquamata 86 cecilii 52 pentadactyla 87 praeterita 53 arenaria 88 albocaerulea 54 livida 89 lazulina 55 sandersonii 90 spiralis 91 tortilis LLOYDIA 92 uliginosa 56 pubescens 93 smithiana 94 pobeguinii CANBOLLEA 95 wightiana 57 podadena 96 chiribiquitensis 97 laxa 98 lloydii 46 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 99 meyeri #22 KAMIENSKIANA 100 erecti flora 138 peranomala 101 adpressa 102 polygaloides #23 PHYLLARIA 103 reticulata 139 brachiata 104 delphinioides 140 christopheri 105 arcuata 141 forrestii 106 graminifolia 142 kumaonensis 107 pierrei 143 multicaulis 108 circumvoluta 144 salwinensis 109 scandens 145 steenisii 110 recta 146 furcellata 111 micropetala 147 striatula 112 macrocheilos 148 pulchra 113 prehensilis 149 moniliformis 114 andongensis 150 garrettii 115 foveolata 151 corynephora 116 heterosepala 117 vitellina #24 OLIVERIA 118 letestui 152 appendiculata #16 CHELIDON #25 SPRUCEA 119 mannii 153 viscosa #17 ORCHIDIOIDES #26 AVESICARIA 120 alpina 154 neottioides 121 praetermissa 155 oliveriana 122 buntingiana 123 unifolia #27 MIRABILES 124 endresii 156 mirabilis 125 asplundii 157 heterochroma 126 jamesoniana 127 quelchii #28 CHORISTOTHECAE 128 campbelliana 158 determannii 159 chon sto theca #18 IPERUA 129 geminiloba #29 AVESCARIOIDES 130 nephrophylla 160 rigida 131 reniformis 161 tetraloba 132 nelumbifolia 133 humboldtii #30 STEYERMARKIA 162 aureomaculata #19 STYLOTHECA 163 steyermarkii 134 guyanensis #31 SETISCAPELLA #20 STOMOISIA 164 physoceras 135 cornuta 165 subulata 136 juncea 166 pusila 167 stanfieldii #21 BENJAMINLA 168 triloba 137 nana 169 flaccida 170 nervosa Volume 20 March & June 1991 47 171 nigrescens 191 inflexa 172 trichophylla 192 stellaris 193 muelleri NELIPUS 194 reflexa 173 limosa 195 raynalii 174 leptoplectra 196 warmingii 175 biloba 197 geminiscapa 198 hydrocarpa LECTICULA 199 poconensis 176 resupmata 200 perversa 177 spruceana 201 radiata 202 platensis UTRICULARIA 203 inflata 178 punctata 204 incisa 179 gibba 205 breviscapa 180 striata 206 benjaminiana 181 floridana 207 foliosa 182 vulgaris 208 cymbantha 183 macrorhiza 209 naviculata 184 australis 210 biovularioides 185 intermedia 211 olivacea 186 ochroleuca 187 bremii #35 VESICULINA 188 minor 212 purpurea 189 dimorphantha 213 myriocista 190 aurea 214 cucullata The Genus Utricularia List 2 — Expanded list with synonyms Akentra Benj. = #34 A. inflala Benj. = 206 Antirrhinum aphy llum Linn f. = 51 Aranella Barnhart = #10 A. fimbriata (Kunih.) Barnhart = 58 A. fimbriala auct. = 59, 60 Askofake Raf. = #15 A. recurva (Lour.) Raf. = 82 Avesicaria (Kamienski) Barnhart = #26 A. neottioides (A. St. Hil. & Girard) Barnhart = 154 Biovularia Kamienski = #34 B. brasiliensis Kuhlm. =211 B. cymbantha (Oliver) Kamienski = 208 B. minima (Warm.) Kamienski = 211 B. olivacea (W right ex Griseb.) Kamienski = 211 Bucranion Raf. = #7 B. capense (Sprengcl) Raf. = 51 Calpidisca Barnhart = #7 C. amelhyslina (A. St. Hil. & Girard) Barnhart = 77 C. calycifida (Benj.) Gleason = 74 C. capensis (Sprengel) Barnhart = 51 C. denticulata (Benj.) Barnhart = 54 C. hispida (Lam.) Barnhart = 72 C. humboldtii (Schomb.) Gleanson = 133 C. lundii (A. DC.) Moldenke = 73 C. modesta (A. DC.) Barnhart = 77 C. roraimensis (N. E. Br.) Gleason = 77 C. standleyae Barnhart = 77 C. lakenakai Nakai = 43 Cosmize Raf. = #1 C. coccinea Raf. = 2 C. longeciliata (A. DC.) Small = 60 C. longeciliata auct. = 59 C. mullifida (R. Br.) Barnhart = 2 Diurospermum Edgew. = #23 D. album Edgew. = 142 Drosera incisa a. Rich. = 204 Enetophyton Nieuwl. = #3 1 E. cleistogamwn Nieuwl. = 165 Enskide Raf. = #14 E. barbata (R. Br.) Raf. = 80 E. chrysanthea (R. Br.) Raf. = 80 E.flava (R. Br.) Raf. = 80 Hamulia Raf. = #34 H. alba Raf. = 191 H.flava Raf. = 192 Lecticula Barnhart = #33 L. resupinala (Greene ex Bigelow) Barnhart = 176 48 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter L. spruceana (Oliver) Barnhart = 177 Lemnopsis Zippel = #23 L mnioides Zippel = 1 47 Lenlibuiaria Seguier = #34 L. intermedia (Hayne) Nieuwl. & Lunell = 1 85 L. major Gilib. = 182 L. minor (L.) Raf. = 188 L. vulgaris (L.) Moench = 1 82 L. vulgaris (L.) Moench var. americana (A. Gray) Nieuwl. & Lunell = 183 Lepiactis Raf. = #34 L. stellaris (Linn, f.) Raf. = 192 Linaria aphylla (Linn, f.) Sprengel = 51 Megopiza = Megozipa Megozipa Raf. = #34 M. fornicula (LeConte) Raf. = 179 M. inlegra (LeConte) Raf. = 179 M. longirostris (LeConte) Raf. = 179 M. macrorhiza (LeConte) Raf. = 183 Meinula Raf. = #4 M. parvijlora Raf. = 37 Meloneura Raf. = #23 M. purpurea Raf. = 147 M. striatula (Sm.) Barnhart = 147 Nelipus Raf. = #32 N. bifida (L.) Raf. = 82 N. biloba (R. Br.)Raf. = 175 N. limosa (R. Br.) Raf. = 173 N. spiralis (Sm.) Raf. = 90 Orchyllium Barnhart = #17 O. alpinum (Jacq.) Barnhart = 120 O. campbellianum (Oliver) Gleason = 128 O. endresii (H. G. Reichb.) Barnhart ex McIntyre & Chrysler = 124 O. humboldtii (Schomb.) Barnhart = 133 O. quelchii (N. E. Br.) Gleason = 127 O. Schimperi (Schenk) Barnhart = 126 Pelidnia Barnhart = #6 P. caerulea (L.) Barnhart = 43 Personula Raf. = #20 P. grandiflora Raf. = 136 Philydrum Cavalerieri Leveille = 82 Plectoma Raf. = #34 P. inflata (Walter) Raf. = 203 P. stellata Raf. = 203 Peiochasia (Kamienski) Barnhart = #3 P. dichotoma (Labill.) Barnhart = 10 Plesisa Raf. = #34 P. bipartita (Elliott) Raf. = 179 Polypompholyx Lehm. = subg. 1; #1 Polypompholyx auct. = #3, #10, #15 P bicolor Klotzsch. = 59 P. endlicheri Lehm. = 2 P. exigua F. Muell. = 1 P. holtzei F. Muell. = 30 P. laciniata Benj. = 59, 60 P. laciniata Benj. var. rubrocalcarala Griseb. = 59 P. latiloba (Benth.) Lehm. = 2 P. longeciliata (A. DC.) L. B. Sm. = 60 P. madecassa Perrier = 109 P. mullifda (R. Br.) F. Muell. = 2 P schomburgkii Klotzsch = 50 P. lenella (R. Br.) Lehm. = 1 Saccolaria Kuhlm. = #34 S. biovularioides Kuhlm. =210 Sacculina Bosser = #34 S. madecassa Bosser = 208 Setiscapella Barnhart = #31 S. cleistogama (A. Gray) Barnhart = 165 S. pusilla (Vahl) Barnhart ex Britton & Wilson = 166 S. subulata (L.) Barnhart = 165 Stomoisia Raf. = #20 S. cornuta (Michx.) Raf. = 135 S.juncea (Vahl.) Barnhart = 136 S. spicata (Sylven) Gleason =100 S. virgatula (Barnhart) Barnhart =136 Tetralobus A. DC. = #1 T. preissei A. DC. = 2 T. pusillus A. DC. = 1 Trilobulina Raf. = #34 T. crenata (Vahl.) Raf. = 179 T. fibrosa (Walter) Raf. = 179 T. striata (LeConte ex Torrey) Raf. = 1 80 Trixapias Raf. = #4 T. capillacea (Vahl.) Raf. = 38 Utricularia L. subgenus Aranella (Barnhart) Komiya = #10 Utricularia L. subgenus Avesicaria (Kamienski) Komiya = #26 Utricularia L. subgenus Bivalvaria Kurz = #23 Utricularia L. subgenus Dividirostra Komiya = #3, #23 Utricularia L. subgenus Glanduliferieascidea Komiya = #6, #7, #10 Utricularia L. subgenus Lenlibuiaria (Seguier) Kurz = #34 Utricularia L. subgenus Phyllaria Kurz = #23 Utricularia L. subgenus Polypompholyx (Lehm.) P. Taylor subgen. 1 Utricularia L. subgenus Setiscapella (Barnhart) Komiya = #31 Utricularia L. subgenus Simpliciroslra Komiya = #17, #20, #29 Utricularia L. subgenus Utricularia subgen. 2 Utricularia L. subgenus Vesiculina (Raf.) Komiya = #35 Utricularia L. section Aranella (Barnhart) P. Taylor #10 Utricularia L. section Australes P. Taylor #5 Utricularia L. section Avesicaria Kamienski #26 Utricularia L. section Avesicarioides Komiya #29 Utricularia L. section Benjaminia P. Taylor #21 Utricularia L. section Calpidisca (Barnhart) Komiya #7 Utricularia L. section Candollea P. Taylor #9 Utricularia L. section Chelidon P. Taylor #16 Utricularia L. section Choristothecae P. Taylor #28 Volume 20 March & June 1991 49 Utricularia L. section Enskide (Raf.) P. Taylor #14 Utricularia L. section Foliosa Kamienski #13 Utricularia L. section Iperua P. Taylor #18 Utricularia L. section Kamienskia P. Taylor #22 Utricularia L. section Lecticula (Barnhart) Komiya #33 Utricularia L. section Lentibularia (Seguier) A. DC. = #34 Utricularia L. section Lepipactus (Raf.) Kuntze = #34 Utricularia L. section Lloydia P. Taylor #8 Utricularia L. section Macroceras Kamienski = #3 Utricularia L. section Martinia P. Taylor #1 1 Utricularia L. section Magacisla A. DC. = #34 Utricularia L. section Meionula (Raf.) P. Taylor #4 Utricularia L. section Meloneura (Raf.) Komiya = #23 Utricularia L. section Mirabiles P. Taylor #27 Utricularia L. section Nelipus (Raf.) P. Taylor #32 Utricularia L. section Neottioides Luetz. = #26 Utricularia L. section Nigrescentes (Oliver) Komiya #6 Utricularia L. section Oligocista A. DC. #15 Utricularia L. section Oliveria P. Taylor #24 Utricularia L. section Orchidioides A. DC. #17 Utricularia L. section Parcifolia Kamienski = #34 Utricularia L. section Phyllaria (Kurz) Kamienski #23 Utricularia L. section Pleiochasia Kamienski #3 Utricularia L. section Polypompholyx (Lehm.) P. Taylor #1 Utricularia L. section Psyllosperma P. Taylor #12 Utricularia L. section Setiscapella (Barnhart) P. Taylor #31 Utricularia L. section Sprucea P. Taylor #25 Utricularia L. section Stcyermarkia P. Taylor #30 Utricularia L. section Stomoisia (Raf.) Kuntze #20 Utricularia L. section Stomoisia auct. = #15 Utricularia L. section Stylotheca A. DC. #19 Utricularia L. section Tridentaria P. Taylor #2 Utricularia L. section Utricularia #34 Utricularia L. section Vesiculina (Raf.) P. Taylor #35 Utricularia L. section ‘group’ Nigrescentes Oliver = #6 Utricularia aberrans Bosser = 48 U. acicularis Solander ex Stapf = 51 U. acuta Benj. = 106 U. adenantha Standley = 77, 153 U. adpressa Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard 101 U. adpressa auct. = 96 U. af finis Wight = 92 U. affinis Wight var. grijfithii (W right) Oliver ex C.B. Clarke = 92 U. afromontana R. E. Fries = 54 U . alala Benj. = 82 U. alba Hoffsgg. ex Link = 179 U. albiflora R. Br. 28 U. albiflora R. Br. var. quinquedentata F. Muell. = 29 U. albiflora Griff. = 43 U . albiflora auct. 29 U. albina Ridley = 43 U. albocaerulea Dalz. 88 U. alpina Jacq. 120 U. alpina auct. = 123, 124, 185 U. alutacea Tulin = 77 U . amazonasana Steyerm. = 198 U . ambigua A. EXT. = 179 U. amethystina Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard 77 U . amethystina Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard forma alutacea (Tutin) Steyerm. = 77 U. amethystina auct. = 72, 78 U. amoena Pilger = 213 U. amphibia Welw. ex Kamienski = 179 U. andicola Benj. = 54 U. andongesis Welw. ex Hiem 1 14 U . angolensis Kamienski = 165 U. angulosa Poiret =136 U . anguslifolia Benj. = 72 U . anomala A. St. Hil. & Girard = 179 U. antennifera P. Taylor 36 U. anthropophora Ridley = 147 U. ant ir rhino ides Wallich = 82 U. aphylla Raf., end U. aphylla Ruiz & Pavon = 179 U. aphylla Vellozo = 77 U. appendiculata E. A. Brace 152 U. appressa Benj. = 101 U. arcuata Wight 105 U. armaria A. DC. 53 U. arenicola Tutin = 137 U . arenicola Tutin var. kavanayena Steyerm. = 137 U. arnhemica P. Taylor 19 U . arrojadensis Merl ex Luetz. = 76 U. asplundii P. Taylor 125 U. aurea Lour. 190 U. aurea Ridley = 1 17 U . aurea auct. = 178 U. aureola S. F. Blake =101 U . aureolimba Steyerm. = 101 U. aureomaculata Steyerm. 162 U. australis R. Br. 184 U. australis R. Br., forma tenuicaulis (Miki) Komiya & Shibata = 1 84 U. ayacuchae Steyerm. = 214 U . baldwinii Steyerm. = 72 U. bangweolensis R. E. Fries = 194 U. baoulensis A. Chev. = 115 U . barbata R. Br. = 80 U . barnesii F. Lloyd = 37 U. baueri R. Br. = 175 U . baueri auct. = 43 U. baumii Kamienski = 90 U. baumii Kamienski var. leplocheilos Pellegnn = 90 U. benjaminiana Oliver 206 50 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter U. benthamii P. Taylor 7 U. bicolor A. St. Hil. & Girard = 77 U. bifida L. 82 U . bifida L. var. bosminifera (Ostenf.) Maxwell = 85 U . bifda L. var. wallichiana (Wight) Th waites = 109 U. bifda Bojer ex A. DC. = 113 U. bifda Macrae ex A. DC. = 43 U. bifda auct. = 108, 173 U . bifdocalcar R. Good = 179 U. bifora Lam. = 179 U. biflora Bonpl. ex A. DC. = 179 U. biflora Hayata = 82 U. biflora Roxb. = 179 U . biflora Wallich = 82 U. billardieri F. Muell. = 10 U. biloba R. Br. 175 U. biloba auct. = 173 U. biovularioides (Kuhlm.) P. Taylor 210 U. bipartita Elliott = 179 U. x biseriata Lindb. f. = 182 U. bisquamata Schrank 51 U. blanchetii A. DC. 62 U. blumei (A. DC.) Miq. = 190 U. bolivarana Steyerm. = 77 U. bosminifera Ostenf. 85 U. botecudorum A. St. Hil. & Girard = 207 U. brachiata Oliver 139 U. brachyceras Schltr. = 51 U. brachypoda Wight = 92 U. bracteata R. Good 45 U. bradei Markgraf = 165 U. bramadensis Merl ex Luetz. = 76 U. brehmii F. Schulz = 187 U. bremei Rothmaler = 187 U. bremii Heerex Kolliker 187 U. brevicaulis Benj. = 82 U. brevicornis Calak. = 186 U. brevilabris Lace = 37 U. brevilabris Lace var. parviflora Pellegrin = 37 U. breviscapa Wright ex Griseb. 205 U. bryophila Ridley =119 U. bryophylla Henriques = 119 U. buntingiana P. Taylor 122 U. butanensis Merl ex Luetz. = 207 U. caerulea L. 43 U. caerulea L. var. affinis (Wight) Thwaites = 92 U. caerulea L. var. B Oliver = 95 U. caerulea L. var .filicaulis (Wallich ex A. DC.) Haines = 43 U. caerulea L. var. graminifolia (Vahl) Bhattacharyya = 106 U. caerulea L. var. smith'iana (Wight) C. B. Clarke = 93 U. caerulea L. var. squamosa (Wight) C. B. Clarke = 95 U . caerulea L. var. stricticaulis Koenig = 102 U. caerulea auct. = 90, 91, 92, 93, 103, 106 U. calliphysa Stapf = 37 U. calumpitensis Llanos = 190 U. calycifida Benj. 74 U. campbelliana Oliver 128 U. campbelliana Oliver var. minor Steyerm. = 128 U. campestris Miq. = 43 U. canacorum Pellegrin = 1 2 U. capensis Sprengel = 5 1 U. capensis Sprengel var. brevicalcarata Oliver = 51 U. capensis Sprengel var. elalior Kamienski = 51 U. capensis auct. = 56 U. capillacea Willd., end U. capillacea Wight ex Oliver = 37 U. capillacea auct. = 38 U. cappilaris D. Don = 43 U. capillaris Hoffsgg. ex Roem. & Schult. = 165 U. capilliflora F. Muell. 33 U. cavalerii Stapf = 43 U. cearana Steyerm. = 100 U. cecilii P. Taylor 86 U. certophylla Michx = 203 U. ceratophylloides O. Schwarz = 173 or 174 U. cernua Hoffsgg. ex Benj. = 207 U. cervicornula Perrier = 206 U. chamissonis Weber ex Benj. = 79 U. charnleyensis W. Fitzg. = 43 U. charoidea Stapf =194 U. cheiranthos P. Taylor 32 U. chiribiquitensis Femandez-Perez 96 U. choristotheca P. Taylor 159 U. christopheri P. Taylor 140 U. chrysantha R. Br. 80 U. circumvoluta P. Taylor 108 U. clandestina Nuitall ex A. Gray = 197 U. cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton = 165 U. coccinea Benj. = 198 U. coerulea uact. = 43 U. colensoi J. D. Hook. = 12 U. colorata Benj. = 97 U. complanata Wallich = 43 U. compressa R. Br., end. U. concinna N. E. Br. = 126 U. conferta Wight = 106 U. conferta Hassk. = 179 U. conferrta auct. = 114 U. confervifolia Jacks ex D. Don = 190 U. congesta Steyerm. = 59 U. congesta Steyerm. forma deminutiva Steyerm. = 59 U. connellii N. E. Br. = 56 U. corenephora P. Taylor 151 U. cornuta Michx 135 U. cornuta Michx var. michauxii Gomez = 136 U . cornuta auct. = 97 U. costtata P. Taylor 66 U. crenata Vahl = 179 U. cucullata A. St. Hil. & Girard 214 U. cucullata Afzel. ex Kamienski = 111 U. cuspidata Steyerm. = 74 U . cutleri Steyerm. = 153 Volume 20 March & June 1991 51 U . cyanea R. Br. = 92 U. cymbantha Oliver 208 U. damazioi Beauverd = 77 U. dawsonii Steyerm. = 77 U. decipiens Dalz. = 92 U. deightonii Lloyd & G. Taylor = 56 U. delicata Kamienski = 5 1 U. delicatula Cheeseman 41 U. delphinioides Thorel ex Peliegrin 104 U . delphinioides Thorel ex Peliegrin var. minor Peliegrin = 1 04 U . dentata G. Weber ex Benj. = 73 U. denticulata Benj. = 54 U. dettermannii P. Taylor 158 U. dianlha Roxb. ex Roem. & Schult. = 179 U. diantha auct. = 82 U . dicardia Standi ey = 100 U. dichotoma Labill. 10 U. dichotoma Labill. var. uniflora (R. Br.) Benth. = 14 U . diflora Roxb. = 179 U. dimorphantha Makino 189 U. diploglossa Welw. ex Oliver = 194 U. dissectifolia Merl ex Luetz. = 169 U . dregei Kamienski = 54 U. dregei Kamienski var. stricta Kamienski = 54 U. dubia Benj. = 137 U. dubia Rosellini ex Cesati el. al. = 184 U. dubia macroptera (G. Brueckner) E. H. L. Krause, end U. dubia ochroleuca E. H. L. Krause = 186 U. dunlopii P. Taylor 34 U. dunstani F. Lloyd = 35 U. dunstaniae F. Lloyd = 35 U . dusenii Sylven = 130 U. dusenii Sylven var. corcovadensis Merl ex Luetz. = 130 U. eburnea R. E. Fries = 54 U. ecklonii Sprengel = 5 1 U. ecklonii Sprengel var. lutea Perrier = 46 U. ecklonii auct. = 53 U . elachisla Goebel = 92 U . elegans Wallich ex Oliver = 179 U. elephas Luetz. =214 U. elevata Kamienski = 54 U . elevata Kamienski var. macowani Kamienski = 54 U . elmeri Stapf =116 U . emarginala Benj. = 179 U. endresii H. G. Reichb. 124 U. endresii auct. = 121 U. engleri Kamienski = 54 U. equiseticaulis Blatter & McCann = 106 U. erectiflora A. St. Hil. & Girard 100 U. erectiflora auct. = 99 U. evrardii Peliegrin = 37 U. exigua Merl ex Luetz. = 165 U exilis Oliver = 53 U. exilis Oliver var. arenaria (A. DC.) Kamienski = 53 U . exilis Oliver var. bryoides Welw. ex Hiem = 53 U. exilis Oliver var. ecklonii (Sprengel) Kamienski = 53 U. exilis OEver var. elatior Kamienski = 5 1 U. exilis Oliver var. hirsuta Kamienski = 53 U. exilis OEver var. minor Kamienski = 51 U. exilis OEver var. nemaloscapa Welw. ex Hiem = 53 U. exilis auct. = 51, 54 U. exolela R. Br. = 179 U. exolela R. Br. var. lusilanica Kamienski = 179 U. exolata auct. = 188 U. extensa Hance = 190 U.falcata R. Good = 91 U.fasciculata Roxb. = 190 U . fernaldiana Lloyd & G. Taylor = 56 U. fibrosa Walter = 179 U . fibrosa auct. = 1 80 U.filicaulis WalEch ex A. DC. = 43 U.filicaulis WalEch ex A. DC. var papillosa Peliegrin = 43 U.filiformis Roem. & Schult. = 165 U.filiformis auct. = 172 U. fimbriata Kunth 58 U.fimbriata auct. = 59 U. firmula Welw. ex OEver 46 U.firmula auct. = 56, 165, 179 U. fistulosa P. Taylor 22 U. flaccida A. DC. 169 U.flaccida auct. = 170 U.flava R. Br. = 80 U.flexuosa Vahl = 190 U.flexuosa Vahl var. blumei A. DC. = 190 U.flexuosa Vahl var. parviflora Kamienski = 192 U.flexuosa Vahl forma gracilis OEver = 190 U.flexuosa auct. = 184 U. floridana Nash 181 U.fluitans Ridley = 178 U . fluvialilis Ridley = 178 U.fockeana Miq. = 198 U. foliosa L. 207 U.foliosa L. var. gracilis Kamienski = 207 U. foliosa Salzm. ex A. DC. = Genlisia filiformis, end U.foliosa auct. = 181, 192 U.fontana A. Sl Hil. & Girard = 79 U.forgetiana Sander = 76 U.fornicata LeConte = 179 U. forrestii P. Taylor 141 U. foveolata Edgew. 1 15 U.fulva F. Muell. 81 U.furcata Pers. = 179 U. furcellata OEver 146 U.furcellata OEver var. minor C.B. Clarke =146 U . furcellata auct. = 147 U . fusiformis Warm. = 79 U. gallaprovincialis J. Gay ex Webb =184 U. garret tii P. Taylor 150 U. gayana A. DC. = 179 U. geminiloba Benj. 129 U. geminiscapa Benj. 197 52 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter U. genliseoides Benj. = 77 U. gentryi Slandley = 54 U. geoffrayi Pellegrin 39 U. georgei P. Taylor 16 U. gibba L. 179 U. gibba L. subsp. exoleta (R. Br.) P. Taylor = 179 U. gibba L. subsp. gibba = 179 U. gibba L. subsp. gibba auct. = 180 U. gibba auct. = 197 U. gibbosa Hill = 179 U. gibbsiae Stapf = 109 U. gilletii DeWild. & Th. Dur. = 206 U. glandulosa G. Weber ex Benj. = Genlisea violacea, end U. glazioviana Warm, ex Glaz. = 154 U . globulariifolia Martius ex Benj. = 79 U. globulariifolia Martius ex Benj. var. caudla Sylven = 79 U. globulariifolia Martius ex Benj. var. minor Merl ex Luetz. =79 U. glochidiata Wight = 147 U. gluedcii Luetz. = 72 U. goebelii Merl ex Luetz. = 65 U. gomezii A. DC. = 79 U. gracilis Kunth = 179 U. gracilis Lepr. ex Oliver =179 U. grafiana Koch = 1 85 U. gratninifolia Vahl 106 U . graminifolia Graham = 103 U. graminifolia auct. = 92 U. grandiflora Martens = 1 83 U. grandivesiculosa Czech. = 194 U. graniticola A. Chev. & Pellegrin = 56 U. greenei Oakes =176 U . grijfithii Wight = 92 U. guianensis Splitg. ex De Vriese = 207 U. guyanensis A. DC. 134 U. gyrans Suesseng. =91 U. hamiltonii F. Lloyd 17 U. harlandii Oliver ex Benth = 147 U. helix P. Taylor 6 U. hertzogii Luetz. = 154 U. heterochroma Steyerm. 157 U. heterochroma auct. = 156 U. heterosepala Benj. 1 16 U. hiansA. DC. = 113 U. hintonii P. Taylor 68 U. hirta Klein ex Link 38 U. hirta Klein ex Link var. elongala Pellegrin = 38 U. hirlella A. St. Hil. & Girard = 77 U. hispida Lam. 72 U. hoehnei Kuhlm. = 196 U. holtzei F. Muell. 30 U. hookeri Lehm. = 8 U. hookeri auct. = 7 U. huillensis Welw. ex Kamienski =113 U. humbertiana Perriet = 54 U. humbertiana Perrier var. andringitrensis Perrier = 54 U. humboldtii Schomb. 133 U. humboldtii Schomb. forma cuneata Steyerm. = 133 U. humilis Vahl = 82 U. humilis Phillips = 54 U. humilis Heyne ex Wallich = 102 U. huntii P. Taylor 75 U. hydrocarpa Vahl 198 U. hydrocarpa auct. = 190, 196, 199 U. hydrocotyloides Lloyd & G. Taylor = 56 U. ianthina J. D. Hook. = 131 U. ibarensis Baker = 54 U. imerinensis Perrier = 194 U. inaequalis A. DC. 8 U. inaequalis Benj. = 190 U. incerta Kamienski = 1 84 U. incisa (A. Rich.) Alain 204 U. incisa auct. 205 U. inflata Walter 203 U. inflata Walter var. minor Chapman = 201 U. inflata Walter var. radiata (Small) stone = 201 U. inflata (Benj.) Miq. = 206 U. inflata Afzel. ex Kamienski =111 U. inflata auct. = 202, 204, 205 U. inflexa Fomskal 191 U. inflexa Forsskal var. inflexa =191 U. inflexa Forsstal var. major Kamienski = 191 U. inflexa Forsstal var. remota Kamienski = 191 U. inflexa Forsstal var. slellaris (Linn, f.) P. Taylor = 192, 193 U. inflexa Forsstal var. tenuifolia Kamienski = 191 U. Integra LeConte ex Elliott = 179 U. intermedia Hayne 185 U. intermedia Hayne var. robbinsii Wood = 183 U. intermedia Hayne forma ochroleuca (R. Hartm.) Komiya = 186 U. intermedia x minor = 1 86 U. intermedia x vulgaris = 1 82 U. intricala Griff, ex Oliver = 92 U. involvens Ridley 84 U. itatiaiae Taub. = 129 U. jamesoniana Oliver 126 U . jamesoniana auct. = 125 U.jankae Velen. = 184 U.janlhina J. D. Hook. = 131 U. japonica Makino = 184 U . jaquatibensis Merl. ex Luetz. = 76 U. juncea Vahl. 136 U.juncea Vahl forma minima S.F. Blake = 136 (J . juncea Vahl forma virgatula (Barnhart) Femald = 136 U.juncea auct. = 97, 100, under 170 U. kaieteurensis Styerm. = 77 U. kalmaloensis A. Chev. = 179 U. kamienskii F. Muell. 25 U. kenneallyi P. Taylor 26 II. kerrii Craib. = 43 U. khasiana Joseph & Mani = 179 U. kimberleyensis C. A. Gardener 15 U. kirkii Stapf = 53 U. kirkii auct. = 54 Volume 20 March & June 1991 53 U. kuhlmannii Merl = 172 U. kumaonensis Oliver 142 U. laciniata A. St. Hil. & Girard 64 U. laciniata Buscal. = 59 U. laciniata Buscal. var. poeppigiana Buscal = 59 U. laciniata Martius ex Benj. = 59 U. lagoensis Warm. = 205 U. lasocaulis F. Muell. 24 U. lateriflora R. Br. 40 U. lateriflora auct. = 41 U. latilabiata Benj. = 8 U. laliloba Benth. = 2 U. lawsonii F. Lloyd = 175 U. laxa A. St. Hil. & Girard 97 U . laxa A. St. Hil. & Girard var. gaudichaudii A. St. Hil. & Girard = 97 U . laxa auct. = 96 U. lazulina P. Taylor 89 U. lehmanni Benj. = 51 U. leptantha Benj. = 166 U. leptoplectra F. Muell. 174 U. leptorhyncha O. Schwarz 27 U. letestui P. Taylor 118 U. lilac ina Griff. = 92 U. lilliput Pellegrin = 37 U. limosa R. Br. 173 U. linarioides Welw. ex Oliver = 48 U. lindmanii Sylven = 77 U. Unearifolia Benj. = 8, 10 U. linearioides Kamienski = 48 V . lingulata Baker = 1 13 U. lingulata G. Weber ex Benj. = 137 U. x litoralis Melander =186 U. livida E. Meyer 54 U . livida E. Meyer var. engleri (Kamienski) Stapf = 54 U. livida E. Mayer var. micrantha Kamienski = 54 U. livida e. Meyer var. pauciflora Kamienski = 54 U. Iloydii Merl ex F. Lloyd 98 U. lobata Femald = 54 U. longecalcarata Benj. = 54 U. longeciliata A. DC. 60 U. longeciliata auct. = 59 U. longifolia Gardner 76 U. longifolia Gardner var. paludosa Merl ex Luetz. = 76 U. longirostris LeConte ex Elliott = 179 U. longissima Klotzsch, end U. luetzelburgii Merl ex Luetz. = 199 U. lundii A. DC. = 73 U. lundii auct. = 79 U. macerrima S.F. Blake = 72 U. macrocarpa Wallich = 190, 192 U. macroceras A. DC. = 4 U. macrocheilos (P. Taylor) P. Taylor 1 12 U. macrolepis Wight = 109 U. macrophylla Masamunne & Syozi = 92 U. macroptera G. Brueckner, end U. macrorhiza LeConte 183 U. macrorhyncha Barnhart = 179 U. madagascariensis A. DC. = 54 U. magnavesica R. Good = 194 U. magnifica Pilger = 213 U. maguirei Steyerm. = 74 V . mairii cheeseman =184 U. major Schmidel = 1 84 U . major Koenig ex Vahl = 190 U. major Cariot & St. Lager =182 U. malmeana Sylven = 214 U. mannii Oliver 1 19 U. mar cell tana Merl ex Luetz. = 165 U. mauroyae Perrier 54 U. maxima G. Weber ex Benj. = 131 U. media Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard = 165 U. media Schum. = 185 U. menziesii R. Br. 4 U. menziesii R. Br. var. macroceras (A. DC.) Lehm. = 4 U. meyeri Pilger 99 U. micrantha Benj. = 100 U. microcalyx (P. Taylor) P. Taylor 50 U. microcarpa Dietr. = 166 U. micropetala Sm. 1 1 1 U. micropetala Sm. var. nmacrocheilos P. Taylorf = 112 U. micropetala Sm. var. micropetala =111 U. micropetala auct = 109, 112 U. millefolia Nutt all ex Tuckerm. = 185 U. minima Warm. = 211 U. minor L. 188 U. minor L. subsp. bremii (Heer ex Kolliker) K. & F. Bertsch =187 U. minor L. var. bremii (Heer ex Kolliker) Franchet = 187 U. minor L. var. mullispinosa Miki = 188 U. minor auct = 189 U. minutissima Vahl 37 U. minutissima Vahl forma albiflora (Korniya) Komiya = 37 U. minutissima Bojer ex A. SC. = 165 U. mirabilis P. Taylor 156 V. mixta Barnhart = 207 U. modesta A. DC. = 77 U. monantha Benj. = 79 U. monanthos J.D. Hook. 13 U. moniliformis P. Taylor 149 U. monophylla Dinter = 53 U. montana Jacq. = 120 U. montana Poiret =120 U. montana auct. = 123 U. moorei F. Lloyd = 10 U. muelleri Kamienski 193 U. muelleri auct = 192 U. multicaulis Oliver 143 U. multicaulis auct = 142 U. multifida R. Br. 2 U. multiflora Afzel. ex Kamienski = 165 U. mullispinosa (Miki) Miki = 188 U. muscosa Benj. = 74 U. mutata (Doll) L. Leiner = 184 54 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter U. myriocista A. St. Hil. & Girard 213 U . nagurai Makino = 179 U. nana A. St. Hil. & Girard 137 U. naians Salzm. ex a. St. Hil. & Girard = 179 U. naians Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard var. rigida Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard =179 U. naviculata P. Taylor 209 U. nayarii Janarthanam & Henry = 92 U. neglecta Lehm. = 184 U. neglecta Lehm. var. macroptera (G. Brueckner) E.H.L. Krause, end U. nelumbifolia Gardner 132 U. nelumbifolia Gardner var. macahensis Fromm- Trinta= 131, 132 U. neottioides A. St. Hil. & Girard 154 U. neottioides A. St. Hil. & Girard var. pedicellata Oliver =155 U. nepalensis Kitamura = 188 U. nephrophylla Benj. 130 U. nervosa G. Weber ex Benj. 170 U. nervosa G. Weber ex Benj. var. capillaris Benj. = 168 U. nervosa G. Weber ex Benj. var. minor Merl ex Luetz. = 165 U. nervosa auct. = 165, 168 U. nigrescens Sylven 171 U. nigricaulis Ridley = 37 U. nipponica Makino = 37 U. nipponica Makino forma albiflora Komiya = 37 U. nivea Vahl = 43 U. nivea Afzel. ex Kamienski = 56 U. nivea Vahl var. rosea (Edgew.) Trimen = 43 U. novae-zelandiae J.D. Hook. 12 U. obovata Miq. = 77 U. obovata G. Weber ex Benj. = Genlisea repens, end U. obscura R. Br. ex Benth. = 43 U. obsolela Merl ex Luetz. = 165 U. obtusa Sw. = 179 U. obtusata Sw. = 179 U. obtusiloba Benj. = 43 U. occidental is A. Gray = 186 U. ochroleuca R. Hartm. 1 86 U. ochroleuca x intermedia = 1 86 U. odontosepala Stapf 49 U. odontosperma Stapf = 54 U. odorata Pellegrin 83 U. officinalis Thornton = 1 82 U. ogmosperma Blatter & McCann = 105 U . oligocista Benj. = 165 U. olivacea Wright ex Griseb. 21 1 U. oliveri Kamienski = 191, 192 U. oliveri Kamienski va.x. fimbriata Kamienski = 191 U. oliveri Kamienski var. schweinfurthii Kamienski = 191 U. oliveriana Steyerm. 155 U. oliveriana Steyerm. forma parva Steyerm. = 155 U. oligosperma auct. = 207 U. olygosperma a. St. Hil. = 207 U . ophirensis Ridley = 43 U . opposiliflora R. Br. = 10 U. oppisitiflora Sprengel = 10 U. orbiculala Wallich ex A. DC. = 147 U. orbiculala auct. = 149 U. orinocensis Steyerm. = 59 U . oryzelorum Miq. ex C.B. Clarke = 103 U. oslenii Hicken = 78 U. pachyceras O. Schwarz = 21 U. palalina G. Weber ex Benj. = 214 U. pollens A. St. Hil. & Girard = 179 U. pollens A. St. Hil. & Girard var. natans Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard = 179 U. panamensis Steyerm. ex P. Taylor 7 1 U. papillosa Stapf = 56 U. paradoxa Lloyd = 90, ?206 U. paradoxa Lloyd & G. Taylor = 90, 7206 U . parkeri Baker = 5 1 U parkeri auct. = 53, 54 U. parkeriana A. DC. = 179 U. parthenopipes P. Taylor 63 U . parviflora Buch. Ham. ex Sm. = 106 U. parviflora R. Br. = 40 U. pauciflora Afzel. ex Kamienski = 56 U. pauciflora Blume = 179 U. paucifolia Benj. = 43 U. peckii S.F. Blake = 134 U. pectinata Splitg. ex De Vriese = 60 U. pedicellata Wight =106 U. peltata Spruce ex Oliver = 56 U. pellalifolia a. Chev. & Pellegrin = 56 U. pentadactyla P Taylor 52 U. peranomala P. Taylor 138 U. perminula F. Muell. = 9 U. perpusilla A. DC. = 165 U. perpusilla auct. = 115 U. personata LeConte ex Elliott = 1 36 U. perversa P. Taylor 200 U. petersoniae P. Taylor 69 U. philetas R. Good = 147 U. physoceras P. Taylor 164 U. picta Warm. = 72 U. pierrei Pellegrin 107 U. pilifera A. Chev. = 194 U. pilosa (Makino) Makino = 190 U. pinetoram Standley ex Dwyer & Spellman = Genlisea filiformis, end U. platensis Speg. 202 U. platyptera Stapf = 194 U. pobeguinii Pellegrin 94 U. poconensis Fromm-Trinta 199 U. podadena P. Taylor 57 U. pollichii F. Schulz = 184 U. polygaloides Edgew. 102 U. polyschista Benj. = 73 U. porphyrophylla Wright ex Griseb. = 204 U. praelonga A. St. Hil. & Girard 73 U. praelonga auct. = 72 U. praeterita P. Taylor 87 U. praetermissa P. Taylor 121 Volume 20 March & June 1991 55 U. prehensilis E. Meyer 113 U. prehensilis E. Meyer var. hians (A. DC.) Kamienski =113 U. prehensilis E. Meyer var. huillensis Kamienski = 113 U. prehensilis E. Meyer var. huillensis auct. = 54 U. prehensilis E. Meyer var. lingulata (Baker) Kamienski =113 U. prehensilis E. Meyer var. parviflora Oliver = 114 U prehensilis E. Meyer var. parviflora DeWild. = 91 U. prehensilis auct. = 109, 112 U. preissii A. DC. = 2, 8 U. prolrusa J.D. Hook. = 184 U. pterocalycina O. Schwarz = 83, 84 U. pterosperma Edgew. = 179 U. puberula Benj. = 56 U. puberula Klotzsch = 206 U. pubescens Sm. 56 U . pulchella Lehm. = 187 U . pulcherrima Sylven = 213 U. pulchra P. Taylor 148 U. pumila Walter = 7165, 7179 U . pumila Benj. = 165 U. pumila Raf., end U. punctata Wallich ex A. DC. 178 U. punctata auct. = 188, 190 U. punctifolia Benj. = 77 U. purpurascens Graham = 106 U. purpurea Walter 212 U. purpurea Willd. ex Benj. = 43 U. purpurea auct. = 198, 213 U. purpureocaerulea A. St. Hil. & Girard 65 U. pusilla Vahl 166 U. pusilla Vahl var. ilapavensis Merl ex Luetz. = 166 U . pusilla Graham = 147 U. pusilla auct. = 165, 171 U . pygmaea R. Br. = 37 U. quadricarinata Suesseng. = 113 U. quelchii N.E. Br. 127 U. quinquedentata F. Muell. ex P. Taylor 29 U. quinqueradiata Spruce ex Oliver = 205 U. racemosa Wallich ex Walp. = 43 U. racemosa Wallich ex Walp. var .fdicaulis (Wallich ex A. DC.) C.B. Clarke = 43 U. racemosa Wallich ex Walp. var. rosea (Edgew.) Thwaites = 43 U. radiata Small 201 U . ramosa Vahl = 43, 82 U. ramosa Raf., end U. raynalii P. Taylor 195 U. reclinata Hassk. = 190 U. recurva Lour. = 82 U. reflexa Oliver 194 U. reflexa Oliver var. parviflora P. Taylor = 194 U. reflexa Oliver var. reflexa = 194 U. reflexa auct. = 179 U. regnellii Sylven = 56 U. recta P. Taylor 1 10 U. rehmannii Kamienski = 5 1 U. rendlei F. Lloyd = 165 U. reniformis A. Sl Hil. 131 U. reniformis A. St. Hil. var. kromeri Ule =131 U. reniformis A. St. Hil. forma minor Luetz. = 131 U. resupinata Greene ex Bigelow 176 U. resupinata auct. = 177 U. reticulata Sm. 103 U. reticulata Sm. var. parviflora Santapau = 103 U. reticulata Sm. var. stricticaulis Koenig ex Oliver = 92,102 U. reticulata Sm. var. ulignosa (Vahl) C.B. Clarke = 92 U. reticulata Sm. var. ulignosa auct. = 102 U. reticulata OEver = 90 U. rhodocnemis Martius ex Benj. = 207 U. rhododactylos P. Taylor 31 U. rhylerophylla Sander ex Hogg = 76 U. rhytrophylla Sander ex Hogg = 76 U . riccioides A. Chev. = 179 U. rigida Benj. 160 U. robbinsii (Wood) Wood = 183 U. rogersiana Lace = 188 U. roraimensis N.E. Br. = 77 U. rosea Edgew. = 43 U. roseopurpurea Stapf ex Gamble = 43 U. rosulata Benj. = 147 U . rotundifolia F. Lloyd = 10 U. rotundifolia Merl ex Luetz. = 79 U. roxburghii Sprengel = 179 U. rubra Larranaga = 78 U. rubricaulis Tutin = 134 U. saccala Elliott = 212 U. saccala Merl ex Luetz. = 165 U. sacciformis Benj. = 184 U. saharunporensis Royle ex Oliver = 179 U. salwinensis Hand.=Mazz. 44 U. salwinensis auct. = 145 U. salzmannii A. St. Hil. & Girard = 198 U. sampathii Subramanyam & Yoganarasimhan = 43 U. sandersonii Oliver 55 U. sandersonii Oliver var. treubii (Kamienski) Kamienski = 55 U. sandwithii P. Taylor 61 U. sanguinea Oliver = 54 U. sanguinea OEver var. minor Kamienski = 54 U. saudadensis Merl ex Luetz. = 129 U. scandens Benj. 109 U. scandens Oliver =115 U. scandens Benj. subsp. scandens =109 U. scandens Benj. subsp. schweinfurlhii (Baker ex Stapf) P. Taylor = 109 U. scandens Benj. vai.firmula (OEver) Subramanyam & Baneijee =110 U. scandens Benj. var. scandens = 109 U. scandens auct. = 108 U. schimperi Schenk = 1 26 U. schinzii Kamienski = 5 1 56 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter U. schultesii Femandez-Percz 70 if. schweinfurthii Baker ex Stapf = 109 U. sciaphila Tutin = 56 U. sclerocarpa Wright ex sauvalle = 136 U. secunda Benj. = 179 U. selloi G. Weber ex Benj. = 77 U. sellowii auct. = 137 U. sematophora Stapf = 54 U. setacea Michx = 165 U. setacea Wallich = 38 U. siakujiensis Nakejima ex Hara = 184 U. siamensis Ostenf. = 37 U. similis Lehm. = 2 U. simplex R. Br. 42 U. simplex Wright ex Sauvalle = 136 U. simulans Pilger 59 U. singeriana F. Muell. 21 U. sinuata Benj. = 54 U. smithiana Wight 93 U . sootepensis Craib = 43 U sparlea Baker = 54 U. sparlea Baker var. marojejensis Perrier = 54 U. sparlea Baker var. subspicata Pemer = 54 U. spartioides Scott Elliot ex Perrier = 54 U. spatulata Splitg. ex De Vriese = 77 U. spalulifolia Pilger = 77 U. speciosa R. Br. = 10 U . speclabilis Madauss ex H.R.F. Schreiber = 1 84 U. spicata Aylven = 100 U. spiralis Sm. 90 U. spiralis Sm. var. pobeguinii (Pellegrin) P. Taylor = 94 U . spiralis Sm. var. spiralis = 90 V . spiralis Sm. var. lortilis (Welw. ex Oliver) P. Taylor = 91 U. spiralis auct. = 91, 115 U. spirandra Wright ex Griseb. = 179 U. spiricaulis Miquel ex Oliver = 1 03 U. sprengelii Kamienski = 5 1 U. sprengelii Kamienski var. acuticeras Kamienski = 51 U. sprengelii Kamienski var. humilis Kamienski = 54 U. spruceana Benlh. ex Oliver 177 U. squamosa Benj. = 43 U. squamosa Wight = 95 U. standleyae (Barnhart) Rickett = 77 U. stanfieldii P. Taylor 167 U. stanfieldii auct. = 165 U. stapfiana Mildbr., end. U. steenisii P. Taylor 145 U. stellaris Linn. F. 192 U . stellaris Linn. F. var. breviscapa Kamienski = 192 U. stellaris Linn. F. var. coromandeliana A. DC. = 192 U. stellaris Linn. F. var. dilalala Kamienski = 192 U. stellaris Linn. F. var. filiformis Kamienski = 192 U. stellaris Linn. F. var. inflexa (Forsskal) C.B. Clarke =191 U. stellaris auct. = 190, 191, 193, 205, 207 U. stephensiae F. IJoyd = 208 U. steyermarkii P. Taylor 163 U. stolonifera Benj. = 77 U. striata LeConte ex Torrey 180 U. striata auct. = 197 U. striatula Sm. 147 U. striatula Sm. var. minor Ridley = 147 U. striatula auct. = 148 U. stncta G. Meyer = 136 U . stricticaulis (Koenig ex Oliver) Stapf ex Gamble = 102 U. strumosa Solander ex Stapf = 5 1 U. stygia Thor — see under 186 U. suaveolens Afzel. ex Benj. = 160 U. subpeltata Steyerm. = 56 U. subrecta Lace =106 U. subsessilis Schltr ex Kamienski = 46 U. subsimilis Colenso =12 U. subulata L. 165 U . subulata L. var. cleistogama A. Gray = 165 U. subulata L. var. inaequalis A. DC. = 165, 166, 168 U. subulata L. var. inaequalis auct. = 165 U. subulata L. var. minuta Kamienski = 165 U. subulata L. var. tridenticulata Fernandes = 165 U. subulata L. forma cleistogama (A. Gray) Femald = 165 U. subulata L. forma minor Merl ex Luetz. = 1 65 U. subulata auct. = 166, 170 U. sumatrana Miq. = 82, 179 U. superba G. Weber ex Benj. = Genlisea aurea, end U. surinamensis Busc. = 59 U. laikankoensis Yamamoto =147 U. tayloriana Joseph & Mani = 38 U. tenella R. Br. 1 U. tenerrima Merr. = 115 U. tenuicaulis Miki = 184 U. tenuifolia Benj. = 179 U. tenuis Cav. = 179 U. tenuis Cav. var. poeppigii A. DC. = 179 U. tenuiscapa Pilger = 165 U. tenuissima Tutin 67 U. tepuiana Steyerm. = 77 U. ternata Sylven = 78 U. terrae-reginae P. Taylor 1 1 U. tertia Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard = 166 U. tetraloba P. Taylor 161 U. thomasii Lloyd & G. Taylor = 56 U. thonningii Schum. = 191 U. thonningii Schum. var. laciniata Stapf =191 U. linguiensis Merl ex Luetz. = 179 U. tortilis Welw. ex Oliver 91 U. tortilis Welw. ex Oliver var. androngensis (Welw. ex Hiem) Kamienski = 91, 114 U. tortilis F. Muell. = 84 U. tortilis auct. = 152 U. transrugosa Stapf = 54 U. treubii Kamienski = 55 U. tremulata Salzm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard = 166 Volume 20 March & June 1991 57 U. tribracleata Hochst. ex A. Rich. = 53 U. trichophylla Spruce ex Oliver 172 U. trichoschiza Siapf = 192 U. tricolor A. St. Hil. 79 U. tricrenaia Baker ex Hiem = 179 U. tridactyla P. Taylor 20 U. tridentata Sylven 78 U. triflora P. Taylorf 18 U. triloba Benj. 168 U. triloba R. Good = 165 U . triloba auct. = 165, 170 U. trinervia Benj. 77 U. triphylla Ule =129 U. troupinii P. Taylor 47 U. tubulata F. Muell. 23 U. turumiquirensis Steyerm. = 77 U. uligenoides Wight = 106 U . uliginoides Wight = 106 U. uliginoides auct. = 91 U. uliginosa Vahl 92 U . uliginosa auct. = 86, 106 U. uniflora R. Br. 14 U. uniflora Spruce ex Oliver = 177 U. unifolia Ruiz& Pavon 123 U. vaga Griseb. = 198 U. venezuelana Steyerm. = 56 U. velascoensis Kuntze = 77 U. verapazensis Morong ex J. D. Sm. = 126 U. versicolor Benj. = 77 U. verticillata Benj. = 173 U. verticillata Salsm. ex A. St. Hil. & Girard = 198 U. villosula Stapf = 206 U. violacea R. Br. 9 U. violacea Barton = 212 U. virgatula Barnhart = 136 U. viscosa Spruce ex Oliver 153 U. vitellina Ridley 117 U. volubilis R. Br. 5 U. volubilis Wight ex Benj. = 109 U. vulcanica Colenso = 12 U. vulgaris L. 182 U. vulgaris L. subsp. macrorhiza (LeConte) Clausen = 183 U. vulgaris L. var. americana A. Gray = 1 83 U . vulgaris L. var. formosana Kuo = 1 84 U. vulgaris L. var. japonica (Makino) Yamanaka = 184 U. vulgaris L. var. mulala Doll = 1 84 U. vulgaris L. var. neglecta (Lehm.) cosson & Germain = 184 U. vulgaris L. var. pilosa Makino = 190 U. vulgaris L. var. tenuicaulis (Miki) Kuo = 184 U. vulgaris L. var. typica Meister = 182 U. vulgaris L. forma tenuicaulis (Miki) Komiya = 184 U. vulgaris L. forma tenuis Saelan = 184 U. vulgaris auct. = 183, 184, 190,207 U. wallichiana Benj. = 82 U. wallichiana F. Muell. = 83, 84 U. wallichiana Wight =109 U. wallichiana Wight vai.firmula Oliver = 1 10 U. wallichii Wight = 109 U. warburgii Goebel 44 U. warmingiana auct. = 196 U. warmingii Kamienski 196 U. welwitschii Oliver 48 U. welwitschii Oliver var. microcalyx P. Taylor = 50 U. welwitschii Oliver var. odonlosepala (Stapf) P. Taylor = 49 U. welwitschii Oliver var. pusilla Suesseng. = 48 U . welwitschii Oliver var. welwitschii = 48 U. welwitschii auct. = 47, 51 U. westonii P. Taylor 3 U. wightiana P. Taylor 95 U. williamsii Steyerm. = 77 U. yakusumensis Masamune = 92 Vesiculina Raf. = #35 Vesiculina Raf. subgenus Hydrion Barnhart = #35 Vesiculina Raf. subgenus Pemphigena Barnhart = #35 V. albiflora (R. Br.) Raf. = 28 V. compressa (R. Br.) Raf. = U. compressa, end V. cucullata (A. Sl Hil. & Girard) Barnhart = 214 V. gibba (L.) Raf. = 179 V. graminifolia (Vahl) Raf. = 106 V. purpurea (Walter) Raf. = 212 V. pygmaea (R. Br.) Raf. = 37 V. saccata (Elliott) Raf. =212 V. tenella (R. Br.) Raf. = 165 Xananlhes Raf. = #34 X. minor (L.) Raf. = 1 88 58 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 3 5185 00225 A Revised World List of th< Genlisea St. Hil. By Peter Taylor G. africana auct. = stapfii A. Chev. G. africana Oliv. tr. Af G. africana f. pallida Fries = africana Oliv. G. africana Oliv. ssp. stapfii (A. Chev.) P. Taylor ~ stapfii A. Chev. G. anfractuosa Tutin = filiformis St. Hil. G. angolensis Good Ang., Zaire G. aurea St. Hil. Bra. G. biloba Benj. = violacea St. Hil. G. cylindrica Sylven = violacea St. Hil. G. esmeraldae Steyerm. = pygmaea St. Hil. G. filiformis St. Hil. Bra., Ven., Guy., Cuba, Col., Bel., Bol., Gua. G. glabra P. Taylor Ven. G. gland ulosissima Fries Zam. G. guianensis N.E. Br. Guy., Ven., Bra. G. hispidula Stapf tr. & S. Af. G. hispidula Stapf ssp. subglabra (Stapf) P. Taylor = subglabra Stapf G. luetzelburgii Merl ex Leutz. nom. nud. = guianensis N. E. Br. G. lobata Fromm-Trinta Bra. G. luteoviridis Wright = filiformis St. Hil. G. margaretae Hutch. Zam., Madag., Tan. G. minor St. Hil. = aurea St. Hil. G. nigrocaulis Steyerm. = pygmaea St. Hil. G. ornata Mart, ex Benj. = aurea St. Hil. G. ornata Mart, ex Benj. war. gracilis Merl ex Luetz. nom. nud. = aurea St. Hil. G. oxycentron P. Taylor = pygmaea St. Hil. G. pallida Fromm-Trinta & P. Taylor Ang., Zam. G. pulchella Tutin - repens Benj. U. pusilla Warm. = repens Benj. G. pygmaea St. Hil. Bra., Ven., Guy., Col., Trin. G. recurva Bosser = margaretae Hutch. G. reflexa Benj. = violacea St. Hil. G. repens Benj. Bra., Ven., Guy., Par., Sur. G. roraimensis N. E. Br. Ven. G. sanariapoana Steyerm. Ven. G. stapfii A. Chev. W & C Af . G. subglabra Stapf E Af. G. subviridis Hutch. = africana Oliv. G. uncinata P. Taylor & Fromm-Trinta Bra. G. violacea St. Hil. Bra. Utricularia foliosa Salzm. ex A. DC. = filiformis St. Hil. U. obovata G. Web. ex Benj. = repens U. pinetorum Standley ex Dwyer & Spellman nom. nud. = filiformis St. Hil. U. superba G. Web. ex Benj. = aurea St. Hil. Volume 20 March & June 1991 59 :