CARNIVOROUS PLANT NEWSLETTER * 4vK:\ CARNIVOROUS PLANT NEWSLETTER Official Journal of the International Carnivorous Plant Society Volume 25, Number3 September1996 Front cover: Pinguicula planifolia. Appalachicola National Forest. Photo by Don Schnell. Rear Cover: Pinguicula primuliflora . Eglin Air Force Base, Florida panhandle. The plants are massed in the muck along a small stream as well as extending out onto the water surface. Photo by Don Schnell. The coeditors of CPN would like everyone to pay particular attention to the following policies regarding your dues to the 1CPS. All Correspondence regarding dues, address changes and missing issues should be sent to 1CPS C/O Kevin Snively, P.O. Box 1013, Everett Wa. 98206-1013, U.S.A. or ICPS c/o Fullerton Arboretum, CSUF, Fullerton, CA 92634. DO NOT SEND TO THE COEDITORS. Checks for subscription and reprints should be made payable to ICPS. All material for publication, comments and general correspondence about your plants, field trips or special noteworthy events relating to CP should be directed to one of the coeditors. We are interested m all news related to carnivorous plants and rely on the membership to supply us with this information so that we can share it with others. Views expressed in this publication are those of the authors, not necessarily the editorial staff. President - Rick Walker, MS 26U4, P.O. Box 10350 , Palo Alto, C A, 94303-0867 Phone: (415) 856-2354 Email: walker@opus.hpl.hp.com V. Pres. - Christoph A. Belanger, 88 Strathmore Rd. , Apt#4, Brookline, MA 02146 Phone: (617)739-9795 Email: cbelan9630@aol.com Sec/Treas - Kevin Snively, P.O. Box 1013, Everett Wa. 98206-1013 Phone: (206) 252-291 1 Email: ksnive@premierl net Coeditors D.E. Schnell. Rt. 1, Box 145C, Pulaski, VA 24301 J.A. Mazrimas, 329 Helen Way, Livermore, CA 94550 Steve Baker, Rt. 1, Box 540-19AB, Conover, NC 28613-(flytrap@twave.net) Seed Bank: Tom Johnson, P.O. Box 12281, Glendale, CA 91224-0981- (tljohns@primenet.com) Business Manager: Leo C. Song, Jr. (leosong@fullerton..edu) PUBLISHER: The International Carnivorous Plant Society by the Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634. Published quarterly with one volume annually. Desktop Publishing: Steve Baker, Rt. 1, Box 540-19AB, Conover, NC 28613. Printer: Kandid Litho, 1077 East Enda Place, Covina, CA 91 724. Masthead Art: Paul Milauskas, 38 Manchester Court, Fox River Grove, I L 60021 . Dues: $15.()0annually. $20.00 foreign. Reprints available by volume only© 1996 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter. All rights reserved. ISSN #0190-9215. Circulation 865 yearly . 62 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter The Savage Garden “Mini-Bogs” LIBRARY by Peter D’Amato California Carnivores 7020 Trenton-Healdsburg R Forestville, CA 9i* (707) 838-1630 OCT 1 q |o% YORK iL garden When hobbiests think Of bog gardens, they often envision a large hole in the ground lined with sheet plastic, fdled with peat, and planted with hundreds of carnivores. Large bog gardens can be a joy, but they can also be a headache, requiring lots of maintanence, water, space and plants I prefer the mini-bog. Small containers are moveable, manageable, affordable. And they can be a surprisingly attractive addition to a greenhouse, deck or patio, requiring much less work and watering than a large, in the-ground bog garden. Containers: A mini-bog can be set up in an assortment Of non-draining containers, from large glass salad bowls (see photo) to plastic bus-boy dish pans. But if watering is a hassle, think ahead. These containers will hold only a limited amount of water, and in hot, dry conditions may require watering practically every day. That’s fine if you’re confined to your house or have a dependable person around to water your plants while you’re away. But a two week vacation can put an end to your garden if you don’t have that dependable person and we all know how well non-enthusiasts are at maintaining our precious plants! An easy solution is a sort of “island bog”. These days a wide assortment of plastic garden containers are avalable on the market. Nurseries and garden centers offer many types of circular and rectangular plastic containers in a wide assortment of colors and sizes, such as the imitation terra-cotta plastic bowls that vaguely look like clay. Look for the plastic containers with removable drainage-plug holes in the bottom. In fact, look for two containers, one smaller and the other larger. The smaller will hold the actual mini-bog. The larger will be the water bowl. A 14" bowl will sit rather comfortable into a 20" bowl, allowing for a considerable amount of water to entirely encircle your mini-bog, like a “moat”. An even larger water bowl will further reduce watering-stress. There are three benefits to this system. The first of course is a plentiful water supply. The second is that the water moat will prevent slugs, snails and earwigs from attacking your plants. The third is that you can grow aquatic bladderworts or waterwheel plants or tadpoles in the large moat of water. Volume 25 September 1996 63 Of course, you’ll want to remove the plug in the drainage hole of the smaller container that will hold the soil and plants. Leave the plug in the larger bowl that will serve as the water reservoir. Soils: It is easy to set up the mini-bog itself, whether you use the island method or not. For the island bog, place a large wad of long-fibered sphagnum moss over the unplugged hole. This will prevent your soil from escaping and turning your bog into a sinkhole. If you want your bog garden to be lighter in weight, fill the bowl around halfway with perlite. On top of this you will add your soil. The soi 1 for most bog gardens should be 172 sphagnum peat moss combined with 172 horticultural sand. Mix this well with plenty of purified water until it is like soft mud. Then add it to your container. Perlite has an unsightly habit of coming to the surface of the soil when you’re digging around adding your plants, so I personally like the more natural-looking peat and sand combination for the whole bog. You could use long-fibered sphagnum moss for the soil , but it sinks and decomposes more than peat and not all plants enjoy long-fibered moss, such as venus flytraps. Planting the Bog: If you are going to put in bare-rooted plants, then it is best to set up your bog toward the end of winter dormancy or early spring. However, a bog can be set up anytime of the year if you use potted plants. Remove the whole lump of soil from the pot, careful not to disturb the roots in any major way. You can set these into the garden bowl that is partially filled with soil so their soil surface is fairly even with the top rim of the container. Fill in the empty space between the root balls by spooning in your soft, wet peat and sand mix. Alternatively, you simply fill the bowl with soil and then dig out holes to place your plants into, but a very wet soil will sink and collapse every time you scoop some out. Once your plants are in, firm the soil with your fingers or a spoon. The peat may quake like a bowl of jello. Don’t worry, it will eventually settle down. Your newly planted bog may look sparse and messy at first. Again, don't fret: a good selection of plants will soon fill it out. I like to add some club mosses or pine needles to the surface of a newly planted mini-bog, to give it a natural look more quickly, and to prevent spattering from heavy rains. Some mosses will grow on their own, adding nice, stable ground-cover. I avoid adding live sphagnum, which tends to overgrow smaller plants, but if you intend to grow only larger species such as Sarracenia in your bog, live sphagnum can look quite nice. Once your island mini-bog is planted, you can set it into the larger, undrained container. Then add water into this moat. Water will enter through the sphagnum plug, and the water-level in the soil will match the depth in the outer bowl. Always use purified-quality water. Most CP like a fluctuation in their water level. Typically you can fill the moat right to the top, even with the level of soil , then let the water level drop to near the bottom over a period of days, allowing oxygen to permeate the soil. You will also be able to see how long the water lasts before the bog dries out. For those long vacations, or 64 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter if you are lazy like me, an even larger water bowl would be helpful. On the other hand, rains keep the water level too high for too long a time, such as during winter dormancy. You may want to spill out excess water during these times, to allow the roots to “breath”. On average, maintain the water level about halfway deep, and never let the soil dry out. Selecting the Plants:. Choosing the variety of plants you wish to grow depends on where you will keep your minibog. Greenhouses will offer the widest selection if Figure 1. Lionel Gazeau's mini-bogs, Sonoma County you live in a cold winter climate. But a bog of temperate plants will not do well in the winter if placed in a hot house heated above sixty degrees year’round! For the United States, if you live in USDA Hardiness Zones 7 through 10, you can grow a nice assortment of temperate plants outdoors all year. American pitcher plants, venus flytraps, and temperate sundews such as D. rotundifolia, intermedia, anglica and filiformis, plus terrestrial bladderworts like U. cornuta or subulata do well. (Zone 7 has an average minimum winter low temperate range of 0" to 10". Zone 8 is 10" to 20° Zone 9 20" to 30", Zone 10 is 30° to 40°) Warmer Zones such as 9 and 10 will offer additional varieties such as cape and forked sundews, most pygmy sundews, Cephalotus, temperate butterworts such as P. eaerulea. If you live say, in Chicago, Zone 5, -20" to -10° you can still grow a mini-bog outdoors year ‘round, but you should obtain plants native to such northerly climes, such asS .purpurea ssp .purpurea, the sundews from areas like the Great Lakes ( rotundifolia , anglica ) and perhaps the butterwort P. vulgaris. These plants are often hard tofind through CP nurseries, but propagated plants can be found by advertising in this Newsletter, or grown from seed found through the seed bask. Most people want a large variety of CP in their mini-bog, and a surprising large Volume 25 September 1996 65 amount of plants can fit in a small space. I live on the border of Zones 9 and 10, and the first bog of this type I did was in a 14" bowl. I planted S. rubra ssp. wherryi and a S. flava in the center. Around the edge I added S. psittacina, D. capensis, capillaris, filiformis v. tracyi, and the pygmy D.nitidula x occidentalis. I also added a couple of flytraps and U. liuida for some color. To make it more natural, I also put in a small clump Of decorative bunch grass, and two pieces of granite rock. Other bog plants, orchids like the Disas which grow in South Africa with cape sundews, can look nice in the bog, and incredible when in flower. Don’t add limestone rocks or sea shells, which are too limey for an acid bog. Now, six years later, the bog still sits on my deck. All the plants have done well, except the flytraps (which don’t like the often waterlogged conditions as much as the other plants). The S. rubra has about 50 pitchers on it, the D .filiformis has grown to a clump of 5, the pygmies and D. capillaris have even survived the onslaught of capes and grass. You can’t even see the granite rocks anymore! This winter I plan to dissasemble Si When in Northern California visit , California Carnivores : 7020 ; Growing specializing in insect-eating plants * Open all Year, Call Ahead in Winter * Greenhouse grown ^ * Over 400 Varieties on Display * On Site Sales & Domestic Mail Order sfc We ship potted plants Trenton-Healdsburg Rd • Forestville • CA • 95436 Guide $2.00 (707)838-1630 Price list - free Special Notice A new book with the title” Pitcher-plants of Borneo” (ISBN 983-8 12-009-X) by Anthea Phillipps and Antony Lamb with watercolor paintings by Susan Phillipps is published by Natural History Publications (Borneo), P.O. Box 13908, 88846 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Tel: 6088233098 Fax: 60-88-240768. This 171 page book with 30 Nepenthes species from the island of Borneo is RM 95.00 per copy. That is about $37.25 in USA currency inclusive of postage worldwide and may be paid for with Visa/ Mastercharge. Many of you will remember the authors from the great article on Nepenthes in the magazine Nature Malaysiana published in 1988. 66 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter A dichotomous key to the genus Drosera L. (Droseraeeae) by Dr. Jan Schlauer, Zwischenstr. 1 1, D-60594 Frankfurt/Main, Germany email: jan@pbc-ths1 .pci.chemie.uni-tuebingen.de Introduction Since the world-wide monograph of the genus Drosera by Diels, ( 1906), many new species were described, and several treatments for local floras appeared. In order to be able to identify even wrongly labelled (or unlabelled) specimens in herbaria as well as in horticultural collections, and to provide field workers with a guidance, a dichoto¬ mous key was compiled from the data available by herbarium and literature study. As far as possible, all taxa described validly (and considered distinguishable) until present were included. The key is thought to reflect phylogenetic development to a certain degree, inasmuch as the taxa are probably of monophyletic origin (with the exception of sects. Oosperma and Drosera, which may be more closely related to each other than is evident in the key). The key does rely on morphological characters even if in some cases the taxa share additional (phytochemical or cytological) features, which cannot be examined in dried herbarium specimens. The infrageneric rearrangement by Seine & Barthlott (1994) provides little new insight, and it suffers considerably from the omission of recent information, e.g. Kondo & Lavarack’s important cytological work (1984) is ignored. The key by Marchant (1982) is misleading in important distinguishing features (e.g. stipules are not “usually absent or inconspicuous” in subgen. Drosera, not even in his version of this subgenus, and not even in the Australian representatives!). Substantial work has been performed on palynology (Takahashi & Sohma, 1982), and phytochemistry (Zenk, Fiirbringer & Steglich, 1969; Culham & Gornall, 1994). A reference list of synonyms (at the rank of species or below' ) for the genus Drosera was already published in an earlier paper (Schlauer, 1987). A permanently updated version thereof is accessible via internet (http://www.hpl.hp.com/bot/cp_home; the Carnivorous Plant Homepage, maintained by Rick Walker). The realignments and the key to this second largest genus of carnivorous plants (about 135 species recognized here, compared with 215 in Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae) are not meant to represent a final conclusion. These should rather be understood as a help and a starting point for the many enthusiasts as well as the quite numerous scientists interested in this fascinating group. Even if some of the new combinations proposed here are rather preliminary, it is prefered to give all taxa used in the key valid names (however, due to lack of suitable type material, this is impossible in one case discussed below). I am well aware of several remaining shortcomings and numerous unresolved problems but I hope this modest contribution may incite efforts to overcome these. Infrageneric realignment of the genus Drosera L. The infrageneric subdivision of the genus as presented in the key necessitates formal validation of some taxa. To this purpose, a nomenclatural conspectus of the taxa of Drosera above the rank of species, including the most important synonyms, is presented below. In this, some abbreviations are used: T Type LT Lectotype S Synonym(s) BN Basionym Volume 25 September 1996 67 Drosera L., Spec. PI. ed. 1:281 (1753) T: D.rotundi folia L. S: Rossolis (Tournef. ex) Adans., Fam. 2:245 (1763) nom.superfl. T: R.rotundi folia (L.) Adans. nom.illeg. = D.rotundifolia L. Rorella (Hall. ex) Allioni, FI. Pedem. 2:88 ( 1785) nom.superfl. T: R.rotundi folia (L. ) Allioni nom.illeg. = D.rotundifolia L. Esera Neck., Elem.Bot.2:160 (1791) T: E.cistiflora (L.) Neck. = D.cistiflora L. Adenopa Raf., Fl.Tellur.3:37 (1836) T: A.anglica (Huds.) Raf. = D.anglica Huds. Dismophyla Raf., l.c.:36 T: Dismophyla binata (Labill.) Raf = Drosera binata Labill. Filicirna Raf, l.c.:37 T: F.filiformis (Raf.) Raf. = D.filiformis Raf Sondera Lehm., Pugill.8:44 (1844) T: S.macrantha Lehm. = D.heterophylla Lindl. D.subgen.Thelocalyx (Planch.) Drude in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3:271 (1891) BN: D.sect.Thelocalyx Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:92 (1848) T: D.burmanniiV ahl S: D. sect. Rorella DC., Prodr. 1:317 (1824)p.p. The pentamerous gynoecium, known only in one other subgenus (viz. Bryastrum ), is a sufficient reason to keep this distinct from the rest of the genus. The two species belonging here, one from tropical Asia and N Australia, the other from S America share so many ( assumedly primitive ) features that a phylogenetic position close to the origins of the genus may be supposed. D. subgen. Areturia (Planch.) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.sect.Arcturia Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:91 (1848) T: D.areturi Hook. S: D. sect. Rorella DC., Prodr. 1:317 (1824)p.p. D. sect. Drosera auct. non L.: Seine & Barthlott, Taxon 43:584 (1994) p.p. D.sect.Psychophila auct. non Planch.: Diels, Pflanzenr.26:62 (1906)p.p. The separation of this subgenus, native from SE Australia to New Zealand, from the rest of the genus is claimed here on the basis of exstipulate, sheating leaf bases. As pollen seems to be different between the two species (Culham, Am. J.Bot.80 Suppl.6:142, 1993), the leaf characteristics may be of convergent nature to a certain degree, however. Contrary to Diels (1906), inclusion of D.uni flora here is not supported (cf. D.su bgen.D. sec t.Ptyen os tigm a ) . D.subgen.Stelogyne (Diels) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.sect.Stelogyne Diels, Pflanzenr. 26:103 (1906) T: D.hamiltonii C.R.P.Andrews S: D. sect. Drosera auct. non L.: Seine & Barthlott, l.c. p.p. The fusion of the styles in this monotypic Australian subgenus is such a unique feature that segregation at more than sectional level seems inevitable. D .subgen. Meristocaulis (Maguire & Wurdack) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D .sect .Meristocaulis Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. NY Bot.Gard. 9:332 (1957) T: D. meristocaulis Maguire & Wurdack A single species with numerous distinguishing features, the most imortant of which 68 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter being undivided styles. Apparently a rather ancient relict on the Neblina peak. D.subgen.Regiae Seine & Barthlott, l.c. :586 T: D. regia Stephens S: D.sect.Psychophila auct.non Planch: Stephens, Trans. Roy. Soc.S.Af. 13:309 (1926) p.p. D.sect.secundistyla Culham, Novon (in press) D.ser.Eurossolis Diels in Engler & Prantl, Nat.Pflanzenfam.2.ed.l7b:781 ( 1936) p.p. Sufficient palynological reasons for subgeneric separation of this primitive S African species have been presented by Takahashi & Sohma ( 1982), already. D.subgen.Coelophylla (Planch.) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.sect.Coelophylla Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:93 (1848) T: D.glanduligera Lehm. The obviously primitive pollen type does not allow inclusion of this Australian species in subgen. Drosera. D.subgen.Lasiocephala (Planch.) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.sect.Lasiocephala Planch, Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:93 (1848) T: D.petiolaris R.Br. S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c.: 317 p.p. D.sect.Ergaleium DC., l.c. :319 p.p. D.sect.Rossolis auct. non Planch.: Diels, (1906):62 p.p. D.sect.Polypeltes Diels, (1906):62 p.p. The most outstanding feature of this subgenus (native to tropical N Australia and New Guinea) is the subpeltate to peltate lamina, not known in any species of subgen.Drosera proper. The completely peltate lamina alone was sufficient for both Diels (1906) and Marchant ( 1982) to shift D.banksii (which was included here by Planchon, 1848) to subgen.Ergaleium . Kondo & Lavarack (1982) have shown by cytological similarity that this species is closest to the D.petiolaris complex. Morphological features (presence of stipules and absence of tuber) have led Seine & Barthlott ( 1994 ) to the same conclusion. Another important argument is style morphology. Of all subgenera segregated here, this is the closest to subgen.Drosera, but in the present situation a separation seems favourable. As the lamina margin of D.neoealedonica (endemic to New Caledonia) is continuous with the petiole margin, this species ( formerly included here because of dubious stipule and indumentum features by Diels, 1906) should be shifted to subgen.Drosera (sect. Oosperma ). D. subgen. Drosera S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. p.p. nom. superfl. (cf. D.subgen.Bryastrum ) S: D. subgen. Rorella (DC.) Diels, (1906):92 nom. superfl. (cf. D.subgen.Bryastrum ) D.subgen.D.sect.Prolifera C. White, Viet. Nat. 57:94 (1940) T: D.prolifera C. White S: D. sect. Drosera auct. non L.: Seine & Barthlott, l.c.: 584 p.p. D.sect.Arachnopus auct. non Planch.: Diels, ( 1906 ): 77 p.p. This section includes not only D.prolifera but also D.schizandra and D.adelae. These three tropical N Australian species are considered more closely related to each other than is any of them to D.indica, which should be excluded from this section, therefore. D.subgen.D.sect.Arachnopus Planch., l.c.: 92 T: D.indica L. S: D.subgen.Arachnopus (Planch.) Drude, l.c. :272 Volume 25 September 1996 69 D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. :319 p.p. D.seet.Drosera auct.non L.: Seine & Barthlott, l.c. p.p. A single paleotropic species. D. subgen. D. sect. Ptycnostigma Planch. BN: D. sect. Ptycnostigma Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:92 (1848) LT: D.pauciflora Banks ex DC. (Seine & Barthlott, l.c. .585) S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. :317 p.p. D.sect.Rossolis Planch., l.c.: 92 p.p. D.seet.Drosera auct. non L.: Seine & Barthlott, l.c. p.p. D.sect.Psychophila Planch., l.c.: 91 T: D. uni flora Willd. D. subgen. Ptycnostigma (Planch.) Diels, (1906):62 BN: D. sect. Ptycnostigma Planch. With the distinguishing features as considered significant here (reduced stipules, but rudiments often visible, frequently thickened roots as storage organs, a tendency to form rather large corollas with wide corolla lobes), the circumscription of this section is widened considerably. It now includes all species of subgen.Drosera with the stipules adnate to the petiole. A noteworthy rearrangement is the inclusion of the two American species D.brevifolia (formerly included in sect.Drosera) and especially D. uni flora (formerly grouped with or near what is considered another subgenus in this treatment, viz. Arcturia). The last mentioned species shows close morphological (inch palynological) affinities with subgen.Drosera , however, and it is felt that its placement here does more accurately reflect phylogenetic relationship. D.subgen.D.sect.Oosperma Schlauer sect.nov. Folia stipulis conspicuis obsita. Styli 3, basi bifurcati, deinde integri, stigma integrum vel nonnunquam bilobum, rarissime iterum divisum. Semina ellipsoidea ad ovoidea. T: D. intermedia Hayne S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. :318 p.p. D.sect.Rossolis Planch., l.c.: 92 p.p. D.ser.Eurossolis Diels, (1906):81 p.p. This section is a possibly fairly inhomogeneous grouping of all species formerly included in sect.Drosera , but differing from D.rotundi folia and its allies by the seeds being ovoid rather than fusiform. F urther research is necessary to elucidate the natural affinities of this section. In its present circumscription, this section is nearly as widespread as sect.Drosera. D.subgen.D. sect.Drosera S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. :317 nom. superfl. (cf. D.subgen.Bryastrum) D.sect.Rossolis Planch., l.c. nom. superfl. T: D.rotundi folia L. D.ser.Eurossolis Diels (1906):81 nom. superfl. T: D.rotundi folia L. D.sect.Cripterisma Planch., l.c. T: D.hilaris Cham. & Schlechtd. D.sect.Vagae Drude, l.c. :271 T: D.capensis L. A rather homogeneous grouping, and the only one which has reached a wide distribution on all continents with the exception of Antarctica (however with only few species in the northern hemisphere). Considerable range extensions at least of the 70 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter (nearly) circumboreal species must have occurred in rather recent evolutionary times. Some of the youngest species of the genus have to be sought here. The group itself is not necessarily an advanced one, however. D. subgen. Bryastrum (Planch.). Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D. sect. Bryastrum Planch., Ann. sci.nat. 3. ser.9:94 ( 1848) T: D.pygmaea DC. S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. p.p. D. subgen. Rorella (DC.) Diels, (1906):81 p.p. D. subgen. Rorella auct. non (DC.) Diels: N.Marchant, Fl.Au. 8:10 (1982) nom.illeg. At generic level, Rorella (Hall. ex) Allioni is a superfluous name for Drosera, originally containing only R.longifolia (= D.anglica) and R.rotundifolia (= D.rotundifolia). As defined by De Candolle, sect. Rorella was not assigned a type species, but he evidently considered this to be the typical section (including D.rotundifolia) . Even when elevated to D. subgen. Rorella by Diels, it contained D.rotundifolia (in a separate sect. Rossolis, which is a superfluous name for sect.Drosera). Thus, sect. Rorella DC., and subgen. Rorella (DC.) Diels are superfluous names for sect.Drosera and subgen. Drosera, respectively. Selecting a name for a new subgenus including D.pygmaea as the type species and excluding D.rotundifolia, N.Marchant chose the name Rorella, which included D.rotundifolia in all of its circumscriptions (v.s.). Violating the original intention of Diels ( Rorella should include D.rotundifolia ), this is considered illegitimate. For these reasons, it is proposed here to elevate the rank of Planchon’s sect. Bryastrum, and thus to retain the type of N.Marchant’s subgen. Rorella, but replace it with a legitimate name. When elevated to subgenus (because of style morphology and the unique formation of asexual propagules called gemmae), this purely SW Australian (sect.Lamprolepis) or SE Australian to New Zealandic group (sect. Bryastrum, monotypic) group in¬ cludes two subsets, separated from each other geographically as well as morphologi¬ cally. Even if the value of sectional distinction has been doubted in recent times ( cf. Cheek, 1990), it is considered necessary in the context of the present grouping (especially compared with the other sections recognized here). D. subgen. Bryastrum sect.Bryastrum Planch., l.c.: 94 S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. p.p. D.sect.Rorella auct. non DC.: N.Marchant, l.c. D.subgen.Bryastrum sect.Lamprolepis Planch., l.c.: 93 T: D.platystigma Lehm. S: D.sect.Rorella DC., l.c. p.p. D. sect. Bryastrum auct. non Planch.: Seine & Barthlott, l.c.: 585 p.p. D.subgen.Phycopsis (Planch.) Schlauer, stat. nov. BN: D.sect.Phycopsis Planch., Ann. sci.nat. 3. ser. 9:93 (1848) T: D.binata Labill. S: D.sect.Ergaleium DC., l.c. :319 p.p. A monotypic subgenus (from E Australia to New Zealand) intermediate between the previous subgenera and those below, but closer to the last (by phytochemistry, style morphology). It is unique at first glance (forked lamina!), and it cannot be united with any of these. D.subgen.Ergaleium (DC.) Drude, l.c. :271 BN: D.sect.Ergaleium DC., Prodr. 1:319 (1824) T: D .menziesii R.Br. ex DC. The most natural grouping of all recognized here, sharing (apparently with one notable exception) corm formation and basally multipartite style branches, and almost Volume 25 September 1996 71 endemic to Australia, only two species reaching New Zealand ( D.peltata ssp.auriculata ) tropical Asia ( D.p.ssp.peltata ) and even E Africa ( D.insolita , almost certainly a recent -synanthropous?- range extension). The systematic tripartition by DeBuhr ( 1977) has not been doubted since. D. subgen. Ergaleium sect.Ergaleium S: D.sect.Polypeltes Diels, (1906):62 p.p. nom.superfl. T: D.menziesii R.Br. ex DC. D.ser.Scutelliferae Planch., l.c.: 95 nom.superfl. T: D. menziesii R.Br. ex DC. D.ser.Luni ferae Planch., l.c. T: D.peltata Thunb. D. subgen. Ergaleium sect.Stolonifera ( Planch. ) DeBuhr, Austral. J.Bot.25:215 ( 1977) BN: D.subser.stoloniferae Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:95 (1848) T: D.stolonifera Endl. D.subgen.Ergaleium sect.Erythrorhiza (Planch.) Diels, (1906):62 BN: D.ser.erythrorhizae Planch., Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:95 (1848) T: D.erythrorhiza Lindley S: D.ser.rosulatae Lehm., Pugill.8:36 (1844) T: D.rosulata Lehm. D.subser.rosulatae (Lehm.)Planch., l.c. BN: D.ser.rosulatae Lehm. New combinations in Drosera L. In dealing with the whole genus on a world wide basis, the circumscriptions of ranks should preferably be comparable to each other. Theoretical as well as practical reasons necessitate alterations of rank in several taxa. For infraspecific subdivision as proposed here, subspecies are allopatric, whereas varieties are sympatric. The rank of form does not seem applicable in a genus as variable as Drosera. D.barbigera subsp.silvicola (Lowrie & Carlquist) Schlauer comb. & stat. nov. BN: D.siluicola Lowrie & Carlquist, Phytologia 73:105 (1992) T: 7 km S N Bannister on the Albany Hwy., W.A., 11. 11. 1991, A.Lowrie 513 (PERTH) D.citrina var.nivea (Lowrie & Carlquist) Schlauer comb. & stat. nov. BN: D.nivea Lowrie & Carlquist, Phytologia 73:104 (1992) T: beside Midlands Rd., 37.3 km SE Carnamah, ca. 10 km SE of Coorow, W. A., 22. 9. 1990, A.Lowrie 278 (PERTH) D.dichrosepala subsp.enodes (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer comb. & stat. nov. BN: D.enodes N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:323 (1992) T: NE Augusta, junction of Courtney Road and Scott River Road, W.A., 9. 11. 1983, A.Lowrie 83/049 (PERTH) D.parvula subsp.sargentii (Lowrie & N.Marchant) Schlauer comb. & stat. nov. BN: D.sargentii Lowrie & N.Marchant, Nuytsia 8:330 (1992) T: Junction of Stockyard Road & Merivale Road, SE corner, c. 20 km E Esperance, W.A., 22. 11. 1989, A.Lowrie s.n. (PERTH) D.paleacea subsp.stelliflora (Lowrie & Carlquist) Schlauer comb. & stat. nov. BN: D.stelliflora Lowrie & Carlquist, Phytologia 73:107 (1992) 72 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter T: at motocross track, E end ofN Jindong Rd., S Busselton, W.A., 24. 11. 1990, A.Lowrie 204 (PERTH) D.paleacea subsp.leioblastus (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer com b. & stat.nov. BN: D.leioblastus N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:325 (1992) T: Brand Highway, 14.3 km NW Cataby, W.A., 29. 9. 1985, A.Lowrie 85/084 (PERTH) D.paleacea subsp.roseana (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer comb. & stat.nov. BN: D.roseana N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:327 (1992) T: Millbrook Road, 5 km E Albany Highway, W.A., 7. 10. 1987, A.Lowrie 87/025 (PERTH) D.occidentalis var.microscapa (Debbert) Schlauer comb. & stat.nov. BN: D.microscapa Debbert, Mitt.Bot.Staatss.Muenchen 30:377 (1991) T: S coast of W. A., P. Debbert 94 (M) D.nitidula var.allantostigma (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.nitidula subsp.allantostigma N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:325 (1992) T: Brand Highway, 1.3 km N Hill River, W.A., 7. 11. 1987, A.Lowrie 87/056 (PERTH) D.nitidula var.leucostigma N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.nitidula subsp.leucostigma N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:325 (1992) T: Brand Highway, 14.3 km NW Cataby, W.A., 7. 11. 1987, A.Lowrie 87/058 (PERTH) D.gigantea var.geniculata (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer stat. nov. BN: D.gigantea subsp.geniculata N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:316 ( 1992) T: 2 km N Brennans Ford on Scott River Road, W.A., 16. 9. 1984, A.Lowrie s.n. (PERTH) D.stricticaulis subsp.eremaea (N.Marchant & Lowrie) Schlauer comb. nov. BN: D.macrantha subsp.eremaea N.Marchant & Lowrie, Kew Bull. 47:318 ( 1992) T: 30 km S Mt. Magnet, W.A., 1. 7. 1984, A.Lowrie 84/072 (PERTH) One apparently new variety of D.nitidula (confused with D.n.subsp.omissa by A.Lowrie in Carniv. PI. of Australia 2,1989) cannot be given a valid name at present because no specimen was cited. This is symbolized by “var.?” in the key. The “collective species” D.capillaris , D.montana and D.leucoblasta need a rein¬ vestigation. As long as this is not performed, it is assumed best to maintain the names and ranks which were used as the “microspecies” were first described (with some exceptions in D.montana). Also, a thorough examination of the widespread and polymorphic species D.spatulata may allow infraspecific subdivision in the future A perhaps unusual type of numbering is presented with this key. The position of a digit in a number reflects the position of a corresponding character pair in the key. The value of a digit reflects the character state. Thus, the opposite of “001100. Lamina lanceolate, 4-7 mm long” is Volume 25 September 1996 73 001101. Lamina ovoid or circular, up to 3 mm long’ and vice versa. This kind of numbering has the advantage of facilitating direct comparison and identification of the difference between any two given taxa by just comparing their appropriate numbers, e.g.: “1011011. (...) D.macrantha Endl.” and ( D.stricticaulis ...) “1010101. (...) subsp.eremaea (N.Marchant & Lowrie) comb.nov." The most significant different digit (in this case at 4. position) indicates the specific difference between the two, i.e. : “1011. Styles divided to base but not apically” vs. “1010. Styles divided to base and apically plurifid” Key to the genus Drosera L. 0. Plants without corms, stipules present or styles basally bipartite or entire, leaves never peltate 00. Lamina entire, never dichotomously branched, styles en¬ tire or dichotomously branched and not basally multipartite 000. Styles connate or divided or at least stigmatic apex flabellately multifid or dichotomously branched, no asexual propagules (gemmae) formed 0000. Gynoeceum 5-merous Subgen.Thelocalyx (Planchon) stat.nou. 00000. Leaves obovate, longer than 12 mm, stigmata dichoto¬ mously divided D.sessilifolia St.Hil. 00001. Leaves cuneate, shorter than 12 mm, stigmata flabellately multifid D.burmannii Vahl 0001. Gynoeceum 3-merous 00010. Leaves exstipulate, leafbase sheating, flowers single, rarely 2- 3, pedicels glabrous, petals not upturning and uniting after anthesis Subgen. Arcturia (Planch.) stat. nov. 000100. Leaves linear, lamina continuous with petiole, sepals ob¬ long, not much shorter than petals D.arcturi Hook. 000101. Lamina spathulate, sepals scarcely longer than wide, much shorter than petals D.stenopetala Hook.f. 00011. Leaves not sheating, petals upturning and uniting after anthesis 74 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 000110. Styles connate for at least 1/2 of their length Subgen. Stelogyne (Diels) stat.nov. D.hamiltonii C.R.P.Andrews 000 111. Styles not connate, divergent from base 0001110. Styles not divided below stigmatic area 00011100. Flowers single, stem branched, stipules present, leaves petiolate, lamina oblanceolate and up to 5 cm long Subgen.Meristocaulis (Maguire & Wurdack) stat. nou. D.meristocaulis Maguire & Wurdack 00011101. Flowers mostly not single, stem not branched, stipules absent, petioles indistinct, lamina linear, usu. longer than 20 cm Subgen.Regiae Seine & Barthlott D. regia Stephens 000 1111. Styles divided below stigmatic area 00011110. Floral bracts absent, inflorescence many-flowered, styles repeatedly dichotomously divided 000111100. Scapes glandular, lamina not subpeltate-peltate Subgen.Coelophylla (Planch.) stat. nov. D.glanduligera Lehm. 000111101. Scapes eglandular pubescent, lamina subpeltate-peltate Su bgen. Las iocephala (Planch.) stat. nov. 0001111010. Stems elongate, ascending D.banksii R.Br. Stems short, acaulescent Tomentum consisting of single or shortly branched hairs Petioles narrower than 5 mm Stigma branched from centre, petioles broader than 1 mm 0001111011. 00011110110. 000111101100. 0001111011000. in the broadest point 0001111011001. 000111101101. 00011110111. 000111101110. D.dilatatopetiolaris Kondo Stigma branched from base, petioles up to 1 mm wide D.petiolaris R.Br. ex DC. Petioles broader than 5 mm D.falconeri Tsang ex Kondo Tomentum of dendritic hairs, woolly Petiole linear with a maximum width 1-1.5 mm; lamina 2- 2.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide; pedicels 1.5-2. 5 mm long D.lanata Kondo 000 111101111. Petiole oblanceolate with a maximum width 2-4 mm; lamina 3-4 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide; pedicels 2-4.5 mm long D.ordensis Lowrie 00011111. Floral bracts present or inflorescence single flowered Subgen. Drosera 000111110. Seeds ovoid or ellipsoid, testa not produced beyond embryo 0001111100. Stipules absent, reduced to two lateral trichomes or rarely present, if stipules present leaves with short indistinct petioles and large, broad laminae and anther thecae separated by large connective and petals scarcely reaching sepals in length 0001111 1000 . Anther thecae separated by large connective, petals scarcely reaching sepals in length Sect. Pro l if era C. White 000111110000. Leaves with very short, indistinct petioles, lamina longer than wide, stipules conspicuous 0001111100000. Lamina pointed apically, broadest near the centre D.adelae F.Muell. 000 1111 100001. Lamina truncate to emarginate apically, broadest near apex Volume 25 September 1996 75 D.schizandra Diels 0001 11110001. Leaves distinctly petiolate, lamina reniform, stipules reduced to lateral, gland-tipped trichomes D.prolifera C. White 00011111001. Anther thecae not separated by large connective, petals longer than sepals 000111110010. Inflorescence arising laterally from ascending stem and bearing usu. more than 6 flowers, roots not thickened as storage organs Sect.Arachnopus Planch. D.indica L. 000111110011. Inflorescence arising centrally from basal rosette or termi¬ nal on ascending stem with up to 4 flowers, roots thickened as storage organs if stems ascending Sect.Ptycnostigma Diels 0001111100110. Stipules present, adnate for their whole length with the exception of two inconspicuous lateral setae, cauline leaves absent Petals shorter than 8 mm or scape absent Scape conspicuous Seeds papillate D.brevifolia Pursh Seeds favose Leaves distinctly petiolate, lamina spathulate-orbicular, 00011111001100. 000111110011000. 0001111100110000. 0001111100110001. 00011111001100010. scape glabrous D.uniflora Willd. 00011111001100011. Leaves sessile, lamina cuneate, scape glandular-pilose D.trinervia Spreng. Scape absent, flowers almost sessile D.acaulis L.f. Petals longer than 10 mm, scape conspicuous D.pauciflora Banks ex DC. Stipules absent, cauline leaves present D.cistiflora L. s.l. Petals up to 20 mm long, with a dark base D.cistiflora L. s.str. Petals up to 10 mm long, without dark base D.alba Phill Stipules always present and conspicuous, if adnate then lateral stipule-segments large and divided and leaves with long and narrow laminae and petals longer than sepals Sect.Oosperma sect.nov. 00011111010. Seeds papillate 000111110100. Stipules adnate to petiole for their whole length, laminae more than 4 times as long as wide 000111110011001. 00011111001101. 0001111100111. 00011111001110. 00011111001111. 0001111101. Petioles distinct 2-5 cm long D. linearis Goldie Petioles indistinct, almost absent D.filiformis Raf. Leaves up to 25 cm long, stamina up to 7 mm long, glands var.filiformis Leaves up to 50 cm long, stamina longer than 8 mm, glands 000111110101010. 000111110101011. 0001111101010110. on leaves red 0001111101010111. on leaves green var.tracyi (Macf.) Diels 000111110101. Stipules adnate to petiole for up to 1/2 of their length, laminae not more than 3 times as long as wide 0001111101010. Seeds crateriform-papillate, scapes erect, petiole distinct 00011 1 1 1010100. Scapes glabrous or inconspicuously glandular-puberulent 00011 1110101000. Plants forming stems covered by remains of dead leaves 76 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter D.hirticalyx R.Duno & Culham Plants with +/- flat rosette, not forming stems D.capillaris Poir. s.lat. Scapes longer than 5 cm, sepals longer than 2 mm D.capillaris Poir. s.str. Scapes shorter than 5 cm, sepals shorter than 2 mm D.tenella Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Scapes with conspicuous indumentum Scapes glandular-pilose D.panamensis Correa & A.S. Taylor Scapes eglandular pilose D.colombiana Fernandez-Perez Seeds bullate to muncate-papillate, scapes ascending, plants acaulescent and petiole gradually widening into lamina, or +/- ascendidng with distinct petioles 00011111010110. Seed papillae shallow and inconspicuous (seeds almost foveolate- reticulate), scapes pubescent, mostly also glandular, petioles short, gradu¬ ally broadening into lamina, plants acaulescent, scapes 1-15 cm long with usu. fewer than 10 flowers, D.montana St.Hil. s.l. Scapes only inconspicuously ascending with narrow curve 000111110101001. 0001111101010010. 0001111101010011. 00011111010101. 000111110101010. 000111110101011. 0001111101011. 000111110101100. at the base 0001111101011000. 0001111101011001. 00011111010110010. glands or glabrous var.tomentosa (St.Hil.) Diels 00011111010110011. Sepals eglandular-pilose, scape apex eglandular-pilose var.schwackei Diels 000111110101101. Scapes more conspicuously ascending with wide curve at the base, scapes long eglandular-pilose at base and glandular + eglandular-pilose above D.montana St.Hil. s.str. Scape base glandular-pilose var.montana Scape base eglandular-pilose Sepals glandular-pilose, scape apex only with +/- stalked D.hirtella St.Hil. 0001111101011010. Scapes red, strikingly ascending, with shorter red hairs in lower 2/3 or all of the scape, calyx lobes frequently with some eglandular hairs, petioles glabrous or almost so, leaves less numerous, usu. red var.hirtella 0001111101011011. Scapes yellowish green, more erect, with longer, yellowish hairs in lower 1/2 of the scape, missing or very sparse in upper portion which is mainly glandular hairy, calyx lobes with only glandular hairs, petioles hairy, leaves more numerous, deeper purple red var.lutescens St.Hil 00011111010111. Seed papillae conspicuous, plants (mostly) ascending or forming stems, petiole distinct, scapes glandular puberulent or glabrous 000111110101110. Plants forming stems covered with remains of dead leaves, scapes glandular puberulent, 10-25 cm long, more than 4 times as long as leaves, with usu. more than 10 flowers D.roraimae (Klotzsch ex Diels) Maguire & Laundon 000111110101111. Plants often caulescent but not covered with remains of dead leaves, scapes glabrous, shorter and not more than twice as long as leaves, with usu. less than 10 flowers D. intermedia Hayne 00011111011. Seeds foveolate or reticulate 000 111110110. Plants ascending, scape erect 0001111101100. Styles apically entire Volume 25 September 1996 77 0001111101101. D.bequaertii Taton Styles divided apically D.neocaledonica Hamet 000111110111. 0001111101110. 00011111011100. 000111110111000. Plants acaulescent, leaves in basal rosettes Scapes erect Scapes glabrous or inconspicuously glandular puberulent Sepals shorter than 3 mm D.esmeraldae (Steyerm.) Maguire & Wurdack 000111110111001. Sepals longer than 3 mm D.pusilla H.B.K. 00011111011101. 000111110111010. lamina 0001111101110100. ceolate Scapes with conspicuous indumentum Scapes glandular-pilose, petiole gradually widened into Petioles setaceous-pilose beneath, lamina narrowly oblan- 00011111011101000. D.arenicola Steyerm. Scapes up to 2 cm long with up to 4 flowers var.arenicola 00011111011101001. Scapes longer than 2 cm with more than 4 flowers var.occidentalis Maguire & Wurdack 0001111101110101. neath, lamina obovate Leaves glabrous or sparingly, i.e.not setaceous pilose be- 000111110111011. D.cayennensis Sagot ex Diels Scapes eglandular-pilose, petioles distinct, lamina rotundate- obovate to suborbicular 0001111101110110. Flowers 2-5, peduncle longer than 2 cm 0001111101110111. D.kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding. Flowers single, rarely 2, peduncle scarcely 2.5 mm long D.felix Steyerm. & L.B. Smith 0001111101111. 00011111011110. Scapes ascending Styles thickened basally, tapering towards apex D.spatulata Labill. 00011111011111. 000111110111110. Styles thickening towards apex Scapes glabrous, stigma divided D.oblanceolata Y.Z.Ruan 000111110111111. 0001111101111110. Scapes with tomentum, stigma entire Petiole gradually widening into lamina, flowers red D.dielsiana Exell & Laundon 0001111101111111. 00011111011111110. Petiole abruptly widening into lamina, flowers white to pale pink Scapes glandular D.burkeana Planch. 00011111011111111. Scapes eglandular-pilose 000111111. D.pilosa Exell & Laundon Seeds narrowly fusiform with testa produced below and above the embryo Sect.Drosera 0001111110. Plants acaulescent with basal rosette, if scape glandular then petiole indistinct 000 11111100. Scapes glabrous or eglandular pubescent, lamina orbicular to linear, not cuneate, petiole glabrous or sparsely pilose beneath 000111111000. Lamina linear, longer than 1.5 cm 000111111001. 0001111110010. D.anglica Huds. Lamina oblong to orbicular, up to 1 cm long Lamina oblong, stipules divided to base D. communis St.Hil 0001111110011. Lamina orbicular, stipules divided above centre 00011111101. D.rotundifolia L. Scapes glandular-pilose, petiole indistinct or strigose- 78 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter pilose beneath 000111111010. 0001111110100. cuneate Styles not repeatedly forked, stigma swollen Petiole indistinct, not strigose-pilose beneath, lamina 0001111110101. 00011111101010. D.cuneifolia L.f. Petiole distinct Lamina orbicular-spathulate D.slackii M.R. Cheek 00011111101011. Lamina linear, about 8 times as long as wide D.cendeensis Tamayo & Croizat 000111111011. Styles repeatedly forked, stigma not much swollen 0001111110110. Leaves obovate, rounded at apex, thin, flowers light red to white, rosette with 1 layer of green leaves D.natalensis Diels 00011 11110111. Leaves cuneate, +/- triangular, coriaceous, flowers darker red, rosette with several layers of functional leaves D.aliciae Hamet 0001111111. then petiole distinct 00011111110. 000111111100. Plants caulescent, stems at least 2 cm long, if acaulescent Lamina scarcely 3 times as long as wide Stems very long (usu. 60-90 cm) 000111111101. 0001111111010. D.elongata Exell & Laundon Stems shorter (up to 30 cm) Leaves evenly spaced on the stem D.katangensis Taton 0001111111011. 00011111110110. leaves reflexed in age 000111111101100. Leaves crowded apically on the stem Petioles +/- densely pilose, especially on the lower surface, Scapes +/- erect, stipules deeply dissected D.glabripes (Harv.) Stein 000111111101101. apically Scapes conspicuously curved basally, stipules lacerated D.madagascariensis DC. 00011111110111. age Petioles sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, leaves erect in D.affinis Welw.ex Oliv. 00011111111. 000111111110. turn of the stem Lamina at least 4 times as long as wide Stipules divided to base, inconspicuous in the dense tomen- D.hilaris Cham.& Schlechtd. 000111111111. 0001111111110. 00011111111100. Stipules entire at least to centre Leaf lamina glabrous or pilose, not woolly beneath Scapes glabrescent D.humbertii Exell & Laundon 00011111111101. Scapes glandular pilose 000111111111010. Stipules divided into subulate setaceous appendages apically, petioles with rust-brown hairs D.ramentacea Burch, ex DC. 000111111111011. Stipules slightly cleft apically, nearly entire, petioles gla- brescent, not with rust-brown indumentum D.capensis L. 0001111111111. 00011111111110. Lamina with wooly indumentum beneath Lamina oblong spathulate, up to 2 cm long D.chrysolepis Taub. 00011111111111. 000111111111110. Lamina linear, at least 3 cm long Lamina scarcely 8 cm long, scapes glabrous D.villosa St.Hil. 000111111111111. Lamina longer than 10 cm, scapes villous Volume 25 September 1996 79 D.gramini folia St.Hil. 001. Styles never divided, stigmatic apex sometimes broadened or flabellate, asexual propagules (gemmae) usually formed Subgen.Bryastrum (Planch.) stat. nov. 0010. Flowers 4-merous Sect.Bryastrum D.pygmaea DC. 0011. Flowers 5-merous Sect.Lamprolepis Planch. 00110. Stigma confluent with style, not widest near apex, lamina shallow 001100. 0011000. Lamina lanceolate, 4-7 mm long Calyx red-hirsute, corolla orange, leaf lamina 6-7 mm long D.barbigera Planch. 00110000. Scapes covered with long, lanate, glandular hairs, corolla red or bright orange, black in throat, styles and stigmas black subsp. barbigera 00110001. Scapes with short, studlike glandular hairs, corolla pink, red in throat, styles red, stigmas white subsp. silvicola (Lowrie & Carlquist) comb. & stat. nov 0011001. 2.5-6 mm long Calyx transparent-hirsute, corolla white or pink, leaflamina D.scorpioides Planch. 001101. 0011010. Lamina ovoid or circular, up to 3 mm long Petals emarginate, 3 mm long D.eneabba N.Marchant & Lowrie 0011011. Petals ovate or longer than 3 mm 00110110. Styles 5, filiform and horizontal, stipule-cluster angled and acute or petioles flattened and 2-2.5 mm wide 001101100. Stipule-cluster angled, acute, petioles narrower than 1 mm D.androsacea Diels 001101101. Stipule-cluster ovoid, petioles flattened, 2-2.5 mm wide D.pulchella Lehm. 00110111. up to 1 mm wide 001101110. Styles 3-4, very rarely 5, stipule-cluster not angled, petioles Stipule-cluster compact and hemispherical D.pycnoblasta Diels 001101111. Stipule-clusters tipped, not compact and hemispherical 0011011110. Petals white, mostly yellow in outer half, petiole minutely glandular on upper surface only, style+stigma filiform, not thickened D.citrina Lowne & Carlquist 00110111100. Flowers with petals yellow in outer half var.citrina 00110111101. Flowers white 0011011111. var.nivea (Lowrie & Carlquist) comb. & stat. nov. Flowers white, pink or orange, never yellow, petiole glandu- lar beneath, marginally, on both surfaces, or glabrous, style+stigma slightly thickened 00110111110. Scapes 4.5-12 cm long, sepals not reflexed in flower, petals (5- ) 7-10 mm long, orange, white, or pink D.leucoblasta Benth. s.l. 001101111100. 0011011111000. 00110111110000. Fruiting pedicels all erect Style+stigma tapering from base Flowers orange D.echinoblastus N.Marchant & Lowrie 00110111110001. Flowers white or pink D.helodes N.Marchant & Lowrie 0011011111001. Style+stigma widest near centre 80 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 00110111110010. 001101111100100 001101111100101 00110111110011. 001101111101. 0011011111010. 00110111110100. 00110111110101. 0011011111011. 00110111111. Stipule-cluster 4 mm long, stipules multipartite Flowers orange D.callistos N.Marchant & Lowrie Flowers white or pink D.closterostigma N.Marchant & Lowrie Stipule-cluster 7 mm long, compact and smooth D.leucoblasta Benth. s.str. Fruiting pedicels reflexed Petals pandurate Flowers orange D.miniata Diels Flowers white or pink D.ivalyunga N.Marchant & Lowrie Petals obovate D.spilos N.Marchant & Lowrie Scapes up to 5 cm long or sepals reflexed in flower, petals never orange 001101111110. 001101111111. 0011011111110. 00110111111100. 001101111111000. puberulent 001101111111001. stat.nov. Petals up to 6.5 mm long, dark pink D.lasiantha Lowrie & Carlquist Petals shorter than 6 mm, white, sometimes with pink spots Flowers usu. fewer than 15, well-spaced Sepals reflexed in flower D.dichrosepala Turcz. Peduncle, pedicels, and base of sepals minutely glandular subsp.dichrosepala Peduncle, pedicels, and sepals glabrous subsp.enodes (N.Marchant & Lowrie) comb. & 00110111111101. 001101111111010. 0011011111110100. Sepals not reflexed in flower Petals narrowly obovate, without pink spots Petiole widest near center, sepals elliptic D.oreopodion N.Marchant & Lowrie Petiole widest near base, sepals orbicular D.grievei Lowne & N.Marchant Petals broadly obovate, with pink spots D.parvula Planch. Innermost fringe of lateral lobes of stipule produced into seta up to 2 mm long, pedicels erect in fruit subsp.parvula 0011011111110111. Innermost fringe of lateral lobes of stipule produced into 5 mm long seta, pedicels pendulous in fruit subsp.sargentii (Lowrie & N.Marchant) comb. & stat. nov. 0011011111110101. 001101111111011. 0011011111110110. 0011011111111. 00110111111110. 001101111111100. 001101111111101. stat. nov. 00110111111111. 001101111111110. 001101111111111. 0011011111111110 Flowers more than 20, crowded, seemingly in several rows D.paleacea DC. Scapes minutely glandular puberulent to glabrous Petiole up to 5 mm long, petals obovate subsp.paleacea Petiole 10 mm long, petals lanceolate subsp.stelli flora (Lowrie & Carlquist) comb. & Scapes with hairy pubescence Scapes covered with eglandular pubescence subsp.trichocaulis (Diels) N.Marchant & Lowrie Scapes covered with glandular pubescence Stipules 3-cleft, forming compact clusters subsp.leioblastus (N.Marchant & Lowrie) comb. Volume 25 September 1996 81 & stat.nov. 0011011111111111. Stipules multifid, forming loose clusters subsp.roseana (N.Marchant & Lowne) comb. & stat.nov. 00111. Style abruptly widened into a flattened stigma or stigma clavate and widest near apex and lamina deeply concave 001110. Stigma clavate, not knob-like or ovate, lamina deeply con- cave 0011100. 10 flowers Styles 3, lamina elliptic, inflorescence with usu. more than 0011101. 10 flowers D.rechingeri Strid Styles 5, lamina circular, inflorescence usu. with fewer than D.occidentalis Morrison 00111010. 1- 2 flowers Rosette loosely open with 5-8 leaves, scapes c. 1 cm long with 001110100. subsp.occidentalis Lateral lobes of stipules entire var.occidentalis 001110101. Lateral lobes of stipules two-cleft var.microscapa (Debbert) comb. & stat.nov. 00111011. with 1-8 flowers Rosette compact with 20-30 leaves, scapes c. 2.5 cm long subsp. australis N.Marchant & Lowrie 001111. Style abruptly widened into stigma, stigma sometimes only knob- like or ovate, lamina shallow 00111 10. Gemmae with warts at apex, stigma ovoid or knob-like 00111100. flattened laterally 001111000. Stigma ovoid to oblong, inflorescence bracteate, gemmae Style and stigma dark, flowers orange D.platystigma Lehm. 001111001. Style and stigma white, flowers white or pink D.mannii Cheek 00111101. tened dorsiventrally 001111010. Stigma knob-like, inflorescence ebracteate, gemmae flat- Styles 3 D.hyperostigma N.Marchant & Lowrie 001111011. Styles 5 D.sewelliae Diels 0011111. Gemmae with a stalked gland at apex, stigma peltate, circular or allantoid-reniform D.nitidula Planch. 00111110. Stigma allantoid-reniform 001111100. 0011111000. 00111110000. subsp.nitidula Leaf lamina up to 2.5 mm long, orbicular Stigma reddish Stigma reniform var.nitidula 00111110001. Stigma allantoid var.allantostigma (N.Marchant & Lowrie) stat. nov. 0011111001. Stigma white var.leucostigma (N.Marchant& Lowrie) stat. nov. 001111101. Leaf lamina 3-5 mm long, spathulate var. ? 00111111. Stigma circular 82 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 01. tite subsp.omissa (Diels) N.Marchant & Lowrie Lamina dichotomously branched, styles basally multipar- Subgen.Phycopsis (Planch.) stat.nov. D.binata Labill. 1. Plants with corms and/or leaves peltate, styles multipar¬ tite, stipules always absent Subgen.Ergaleium DC. 10. Leaves peltate, cauline, basal rosette sometimes present, lowermost leaf whorls not fimbriate-eglandular Sect.Ergaleium 100. Leaves usu. not 3 together, stem glabrous, sometimes branching, sepals glabrous, if sepals not totally glabrous plants erect 1000. Sepals at least marginally deeply fringed and/or glandular or sepals pilose on the whole surface, if sepals glabrous lamina distinctively crescentic and plants less tan 0.5 m tall, few branched with few prophylls Leaves not crescentic, but sometimes reniform Sepals glandular throughout D.marchantii DeBuhr Basal bracts few, flowers pink subsp.marchantii Basal bracts numerous, flowers white subsp.prophylla N.Marchant & Lowrie Sepal margins deeply fringed and/or glandular Flowers usu. 5-merous, sepals deeply fringed and/or glan- Lamina campaniform-concave, pointing downwards D.huegelii Endl. Lamina reniform, pointing horizontally outwards Bracts present, inflorescence with up to 5 flowers, styles 10000. 100000. 1000000. 1000001. 100001. 1000010. dular marginally 10000100. 10000101. 100001010. irregularly divided D.bulbigena C. Morrison 100001011. Bracts absent, inflorescence with more than 5 flowers, styles divided to base into c. 18 flattened filiform segments, c. 12 horizontal and upturning, the others erect D.radicans N.Marchant 1000011. Flowers with usu. 8 sepals, petals, and stamina, sometimes more, sepals marginally non-stalked glandular D.heterophylla Lindl. 10001. Leaves distinctively crescentic 100010. Bracts dentate apically, cauline leaves rarely developped D.insolita Taton 100011. Bracts not dentate apically, cauline leaves developped 1000110. Lamina of basal leaves transversely elliptic, flat, inflores¬ cence 5-20 flowered, erect stem straight 10001100. Petioles oflower cauline leaves appressed to stem, 1-1. 5mm long, petioles of upper cauline leaves semierect, 4-7 mm long D.bicolor Lowrie & N.Marchant 10001101. Petioles of cauline leaves all semierect, 12 mm long D.peltata Thunb. 100011010. Seeds usu. narrow ellipsoid 0.3-0. 5 mm long, basal un¬ branched part of style 0. 1-0.3 mm long, sepals 2-4 mm long, hairy or glabrous, petals 5-6 mm long subsp.peltata 100011011. Seeds narrow linear 0.5-1 mm long, basal part of style 0.3- 0.5 mm long, sepals 3-6 mm long, glabrous, petals 5- 8 mm long subsp.auriculata (Backh.ex Planch.) Conn 1000111. Lamina of basal leaves flabellate, folded, inflorescence 1-2 Volume 25 September 1996 83 flowered, erect stem flexuous D.salina N.Marchant & Lowrie 1001. Sepals totally glabrous, if lamina crescentic plants many- branched, up to 1 m tall with many prophylls 10010. Stem usu. branching and/or inflorescence branched, sepals not iridescent green 100100. Lamina crescentic or reniform 1001000. Lamina distinctively crescentic, more than 4 mm wide, uppermost prophylls without lamina, sepals more than 2 mm long, styles up to 0.8 mm long D.gigantea Lindl. 100 10000 . Leaves and lateral branches bent towards apex of branch or stem, stem erect var.gigantea 10010001. Leaves and lateral branches sometimes bent towards base of branch or stem, stem flexuose var.geniculata (N.Marchant & Lowrie) stat. nov. 1001001. Lamina broadly reniform, less than 2 mm wide, uppermost prophylls with undevelopped lamina, sepals up to 2 mm long, styles longer than 1 mm D.graniticola N.Marchant 100101. Lamina orbicular 1001010. Inflorescence branched, petals 4-6 mm long, corm present D.myriantha Planch. 1001011. Inflorescence not branched, petals up to 4 mm long, corm apparently absent or inconspicuous D.subtilis N.Marchant 10011. Stem and inflorescence usu. not branched, lamina orbicu¬ lar, sepals iridescent green D.microphylla Endl. 101. Leaves usu . 3 together, stem never branching or very rarely few- branched, sepals glandular-pilose throughout, if sepals glabrous plants climbing 1010. 10100. 10101. 101010. 1010100. 1010101. 101011. 1010110. 10101100. 10101101. 1010111. 10101110. 101011100. pale yellow 101011101. 10101111. Styles divided to base and apically plurifid Basal leaf rosette present D.andersoniana Fitzg.ex Ewart & White Basal leaves absent Stem erect, lamina orbicular D.stricticaulis (Diels) O.H. Sargent Basal adventitious stolons absent subsp.stricticaulis Basal adventitious stolons present subsp. eremaea ( N. Marchant & Lowrie) com b.nov. Stem climbing or lamina crescentic Lamina orbicular, petals yellow D.subhirtella Planch. Sepals hirsute subsp. subhirtella Sepals glabrous subsp.moorei (Diels) N.Marchant Lamina crescentic, petals white, pink, or pale yellow Stem glabrous, sepals 5-7 mm long D.neesii Lehm. Leaves yellow green, stem up to 1.5 mm in diameter, petals subsp.neesii Leaves red, stem more tan 1.5 mm in diameter, petals pink subsp.borealis N.Marchant Stem glandular, sepals 3-5 mm long D.modesta Diels 84 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 1011. 10110. 101100. 101101. 1011010. ovary red Styles divided to base but not apically Petals obovate, white, corm white Lamina reniform D. erythrogyne N.Marchant & Lowrie Lamina circular Stem glabrous, flexuose, sepals only marginally glandular, D.pallida Lindl. 1011011. Stem glandular pubescent, straight, sepals glandular pi¬ lose on whole surface, ovary green D.macrantha Endl. 10111. Petals cuneate, red, pink or rarely white ageing pink, corm red or pink 101110. 1011100. 10111000. 10111001. D.menziesii R.Br.ex DC. Leaves at base of stem not crowded Petals not white, sepals fimbriate Stolon below ground up to 10 cm long, corm red subsp.menziesii Stolon below ground up to 45 cm long, corm white blushed pink 1011101. 101111. 11. 110. 1100. s«6sp.penici7Zaris(Benth.)N.Marchant&Lowrie Petals white, ageing pink, sepals distally fimbriate subsp.thysanosepala (Diels) N.Marchant Leaves at base of stem crowded, forming a closed cylinder subsp.basifolia N.Marchant & Lowrie Leaves not peltate or lowermost whorls fimbriate- eglandular Cauline leaves present Sect. Stolonif era DeBuhr Lowermost whorls of leaves fimbriate-eglandular, cauline leaves peltate D.fimbriata DeBuhr 1101. Lowermost leaves neither fimbriate nor eglandular, cauline leaves with the margins of petiole and lamina confluent 11010. Cauline leaves whorled, stigmas clustered in two groups, one erect, the other spreading horizontally D.stolonifera Endl. 110100. Lamina of the upper leaves obovate or reniform 1101000. Leaves and stems red, yellow-red, or dark green 11010000. Lateral branches erect or absent 110100000. Rosette leaves transversely elliptic, upper leaves with peti¬ oles up to 5 mm long 110100001. mm long 1101000010. 1101000011. 11010001. 1101001. 11010010. 11010011. 110101. subsp.stolonifera Rosette leaves spathulate, upper leaves with petioles 10-30 Petals pink, secondary cormiferous stolons present subsp.rnonticola Lowrie & N.Marchant Petals white, secondary stolons absent subsp.compacto N.Marchant & Lowrie Lateral branches prostrate subsp.prostrata N.Marchant Leaves and stems light green or yellow-green Leaves light green, lamina 5-8 mm long subsp.rupieola N.Marchant Leaves yellow-green, lamina 2-4 cm long subsp.humilis (Planch.) N.Marchant Lamina of the upper leaves orbicular with a wedge shaped incision Volume 25 September 1996 85 11011. ously into 2 groups noiio. subsp.porrecta N.Marchant & Lowrie Cauline leaves not whorled, stigmas not grouped conspicu- Stems usu. 2, inflorescence arising from basal rosette D.ramellosa Lehm. 110111. Stems single, inflorescence terminal D.platypoda Turcz. 111. Cauline leaves absent, all leaves in flat basal rosette Sect.Erythrorhiza (Planch.) Diels 1110. Scapes many-flowered or leaves 2.5-10 cm long 11100. Scape single, cymose, erect in flower and fruit, leaves broadly spathulate or flabellate, up to 5 cm long 1 1 1000. Lamina broadly spathulate, green, red, or green with a red midrib 1110000. 11100000. 111000000. and wide D.erythrorhiza Lindl. Midrib of leaves not raised Flowering after leaves are well developed Leaf lamina broadly obovate, almost flabellate 3 cm long 111000001. subsp.erythrorhiza Leaf lamina obovate, elliptic or oblong, to 6 cm long subsp.collina N.Marchant & Lowrie 11100001. Flowering before leaves develop subsp. squamosa (Benth.) N.Marchant & Lowrie 1110001. Midrib of leaves slightly raised subsp. magna N.Marchant & Lowrie 111001. Lamina flabellate, distal margin red D.zonaria Planch. 11101. Scapes 3-40 or if 1 prostrate in fruit, single-flowered or with up to 6 flowers, leaves spathulate to obovate, 2-10 cm long, often reddish 111010. Scapes erect in fruit, leaves sessile 1110100. D.macrophylla Lindl. Scapes 2-4-flowered subsp. macrophylla 1110101. Scapes 1-flowered subsp. monantha Lowrie & Carlquist 111011. Scapes prostrate in fruit, leaves petiolate D.prostratoscaposa Lowrie & Carlquist 1111. long 11110. 111100. 1111000. Scapes single-flowered, rarely 2-flowered, leaves 0.8-3. 5 cm Petals 5-10 mm long, leaves entire Midrib of leaves raised Styles short, tubaeform D.tubaestylis N.Marchant & Lowrie 1111001. 11110010. the rainy season Styles filiform Styles divided, scape erect in fruit, flowering at the end of D.browniana Lowrie & Carlquist 11110011. ning of the rainy season Styles entire, scape secund in fruit, flowering at the begin- D.bulbosa Hook. 11110010. Calyx punctate, lamina to 2.5 cm long subsp.bulbosa 11110011. Calyx not punctate, lamina up to 5.5 cm long subsp. major (Diels) N.Marchant & Lowrie 111101. 1111010. Midrib of leaves depressed Leaves obovate, almost sessile D.rosulata Lehm. 86 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 1111011. 11110110. Leaves spathulate or orbicular, petiolate Leaves spathulate, petioles gradually broadening into lamina, crowded more than 10 11110111. 4-6 D.lowriei N.Marchant Leaves orbicular, petioles abruptly broadened into lamina, 11111. D.orbiculata N.Marchant & Lowrie Petals 10-12 mm long, leaves crenate-dentate apically 111110. D.whittakeri Planch. Plants without stolons mm. subsp.whittakeri Plants with cormiferous stolons subsp.aberrans Lowrie & Carlquist Acknowledgements The directors, curators, and staff of the following herbaria have supported this work with their kind loan of specimens and communication of information: Tuebingen (TUB), Paris (P), Berlin (B), Munich (M), this is appreciated with sincere thanks. Special thanks to Terry Bertozzi who supplied valuable “last minute” infor¬ mation on D.ordensis when the manuscript was nearly completed (in 1994). Note added in proof: Thanks to Fernando Rivadavia who has informed me about the recent publication by Duno & Culham ( 1995), the thorough discussion of which having led to a revision (and, as is hoped, improvement!) of the key (in sect.Oosperma). References DeBuhr, L.E. (1977) “Sectional classification of Drosera subgen. Ergaleium ( Droseraceae)”, Austral . J. Bot. 25 : 209-2 18 DeCandolle, A. (1824) “Droseraceae”, Prodromus 1:317-319 Cheek, M.R. ( 1990) “A new species of pygmy Drosera from Western Australia and a note on the status of sect.Bryastrum and sect.Lamprolepis" , Phytologia 68:85-89 Culham, A. & Gornall, R.J. ( 1994) “The taxonomic significance of naphthoquinones in the Droseraceae”, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22:507-515 Diels, L. (1906) “Droseraceae”, A.Engler, Das Pflanzenreich 26 Duno de Stefano, R. & Culham, A. ( 1995) “Dos Especies Nuevas del Genero Drosera (Droseraceae) en Venezuela y Otros Commentaries Taxonomicos” Novon 5:241-245 Kondo, K. & Lavarack, P.S. (1984)“Acytotaxonomic study of some Australian species of Drosera L. (Droseraceae)” Bot. J.Linn.Soc. London 88:317-334 Marchant, N. (1982) “Droseraceae”, FI. Australia 8:9-64, 383-385 Planchon, J.-E. (1848) “Sur la famille des Droseracees”, Ann.sci.nat.3.ser.9:79- 99, 185-207, 285-309, pl.5 & 6 Rivadavia, F. (1994) pers. comm. Schlauer, J. ( 1987) “Nomenclatural Synopsis of Carnivorous Phanerogamous Plants”, Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 15:59-117 Volume 25 September 1996 87 Seine, R. & Barthlott, W. (1994) “Some proposals on the infrageneric classification of Drosera L.” Taxon 43:583-589 Takahashi, H. & Sohma, K. (1982) “Pollen Morphology of the Droseraceae and its Related Taxa”, Sci.Rep.Tohoku Univ. 4. ser. Biol. 38:81-156 Zenk, M.H., Fiirbringer, M. & Steglich, W. (1969) “Occurrence and distribution of 7- methyljuglone and plumbagin in the Droseraceae”, Phytochemistry 8:2199-2200 International Carnivorous Plant Conference May 16-20, 1997 hosted by Atlanta Botanical Garden and the International Carnivorous Plant Society Held at The Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Proposed Agenda Thursday, 15 May 6.30pm Friday, 16 May 8.00am-6.30pm day Saturday, 17 May 8.00am-5.00pm Welcome buffet & late registration 6 Speakers from around the world featured throughout the followed by a poster session, plant sale (only artificially propagated plants) and ABG cp collection tour 6 Speakers throughout the day followed by ABG cp collection tour Sunday, 18 May 8.30am-3.45pm 6 Speakers throughout the day Monday, 19 May - Tuesday, 20 May Two day field trip to visit cps in Georgia and surrounding states Registration Registration will cover welcome buffet, continental breakfast, breaks and box lunch and drink throughout the conference *Registration $65.00 * Field Trip (limited to 50 places) $120.00( inclusive of accommodation, travel and food) The conference organizers are not responsible for securing plant import/export permits and all delegates are responsible for travel, medical, and car rental insurance. Please address inquiries to: International Carnivorous Plant Conference, do Steve Baker, Rt. 1, Box 540-19AB, Conover, NC 28613, Day: 704-322-2050 9am - 5pm, Evening: 704-256-7035 7pm - 10pm 88 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter TISSUE CULTURED C.P.'s IN STERILE MINI FLASKS DINGLEY lOMEcrrf GARDEN^ DINGLEY ■IOME,*