DIVERSITY OF CALH^ORNIA DAVIS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/catabritipisidumOObritrich CATALOGUE OP THE BRITISH SPECIES OF PISIDIUM (RECENT & FOSSIL) i IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE BIIITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), WITH NOTES ON THOSE OF WESTERN EUROPE. BY B. B. WOODWARD, F.L.S., &c. iBODL. L ijt^ig^ ^""^ 40CT 191^ LONDON: inilNTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES BRITISH MUSEUM. SOLD BY LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G. ; B. QUARITCH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W. ; DULAU & Co., Ltd., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL EOAD, S.W, 1913. \^AU riylits reserved.^ FLAMMAM. PEljyXED BT TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. The present volame is based on the studies made by the author in his private time during nine winter sessions. It deals with the collections of recent and fossil shells, belonging to the genus Pisidium, in the British Museum (Natural History). It is, how- ever, by no means restricted to these, since Mr. B. B. Woodward has had the advantage of making use of a large number of specimens derived from other sources. This is indicated by the unusually long list of helpers whose assistance he acknowledges in his Introduction, and to whom the thanks of the Trustees are also due. The difficulty of the work has been increased by the small size of the shells described. The Catalogue is in one respect a departure from the usual practice of the Museum, since it deals with the collections of two Departments, represented respectively by the recent and by the fossil forms. SIDNEY F. HARMER, Keeper of Zoology, British Mueeum (Natural History), London, S.W. March 7, 1913. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Preface iii Introduction vii I. The Genus Pisidium 1 TI. History OF THE British Species 6 III. List of indeterminate Pal^arctic Forms 13 IV. Descriptions of the Species recognized 16 1. Pisidium amnicum (Miiller) 16 2. „ astartoides, Sandb 27 3. „ caserttmum (Poll) 31 4. „ nitidum, Jenyns 44 5. • „ personatum, Malm 63 6. „ jmsillum (Gmelin) Jenyns 60 7. „ milium, Held 70 8. „ pnlcheUuin, Jenyns 78 0. ,, suhtruncatum, Malm 84 10. „ hensloicanum (Shepp.) 93 11. „ sf//)mwm, A. Schmidt 100 12. „ pat'vulum, Clessin 105 13. „ steenbuchii (Moller) . 107 14. „ lilljehorgii, Clessin Ill 15. „ hiberniciim, Westld 116 16. „ o6.i : p.ii : R.V. L.V. Fig. 1. — Topography of the hinge oi Pisidium: — R.V. Right valve; L.V. Left valve ; a.i-iii, anterior lateral teeth ; c.2-4, cardinal teeth ; I, ligament ; p.i-iij, posterior lateral teeth. * F^lix Bernard's nomenclature for the hinge (14) has been followed as being the most scientific. R.V. = Right Valve ; L.V. = Left Valve; a=anterior lateral teeth; c=cardinal teeth ; /—ligament ; and jO= posterior lateral teeth. Bernard points out that the hinge in the Eiilamellibranchia arises in the form of folds parallel with the shell-margin. With growth, deposits of shelly matter at certain points eventuate in the formation of the teeth of the adult shell. In the group to which Pisidium belongs, in the right valve c.3 is at first continuous with a. in, and in the left valve, c. 2 with a. ii, c. 4 with a subse- quently suppressed a.iv. In the species of Pisidium subsequently described in this Catalogue, it will be noted that all except P. amnicum and P. astartoides show traces of the former continuity between c.2 and a.ii, b2 4 CATALOGUE OF In common with most fresliwater molliisca the various species of Fisidium are extremely susceptible to the influences of their environment, and thus vary greatly in their external appearance according to their habitat. If instead of confining one's attention to the study of rows of cabinet specimens from various localities, each too frequently consisting of only some three specimens, the mixed gatherings of species from different places be taken, it speedily becomes evident how great is this effect of environment. In one locality, all the species will exhibit less sculpturing than the normal forms ; in another, more ; all may be dwarfed, or all abnormally large ; occasionally one species in the gathering will show greater increase in size over the average, while its associates are undersized ; or exaggerated inllation may be the prevailing feature. Thickening, or attenuation of the shell, or abnormalities, may likewise prove characteristic of certain localities. As Jeffreys remarks (and similar observations were made by Jenyns and otheis): "Size, substance, sculpture, and lustre are not of much account, as they mainly depend on the chemical ingredients of the water inhabited by these moUusks, as well as on their supply of food" (81, vol. i, p. 18). In the course of the present investigations it was found that each species varied in outline from what came to impress itself as the normal form, towards a more rounded shape on the one hand and a more elongate on the other, as well as to assume sometimes a more swollen, sometimes a more flattened condition ; whilst the hinges of those taken in quiet waters are feeble and weak, in comparison with the hinges of those habitually dwelling in running water. Often, while it is comparatively easy to separate the individual species in a given gathering (A, B, and C from locality X, or locality Y), it is a matter of trouble to discriminate between samples of different species from diverse localities (B from locality X may be more like C from locality Y, and so on), if only the external characteristics be depended on. When, moreover, col- lections from the numerous post-tertiary deposits are examined, the difficulty is enhanced, for then, swept together by the flood- waters in which the deposits were formed, one meets with the mixed rejectamenta of a wide area, where varying environments abounded, whilst the amount of wear and tear the specimens have frequently undergone does not render the task of their identification any the more easy. The question arises, what then are the best characters to rely on in distinguishing the species. Jeffreys (81, vol. i, p. 18) recognized that little reliance could be placed on the soft parts — or at all events on their external features. Nor would these avail in the present investigations in which it is sought to deal equally with fossil forms. The external form of the shell, on which Jeffreys somewhat reluctantly depended, we have seen to be unreliable. Fortunately the Pelecypod shell far more closely SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 5 reflects the animal than does the Gastropofl, and the muscle-scars in some cases, though not, seemingly, in Fisidium, and especially the hinge furnish reliable data. Bourguignat was, wc believe, the first to insist on the utility of the hinge for broadly classifying the species of PIsidium (21, p. 82), but unfortunately he did not realise the applicability of its detailed characteristics for the purpose of the determination of species. Jeflreys, who was acquainted with JBourguignat's paper, over- looked, or did not give sufficient heed to, the pregnant suggestion, and it was Clessin (35) who first, in theory at all events, made use of the detailed hinge -characters for the determination of species. Under the circumstances, when entering upon the researches of which the results are set forth in the following pages, it seemed advisable to ignore in the first instance all names whatsoever, to yscertain simply how manj' distinct forms of the genus could be differentiated, taking the details of the hinge - structure as a guide, and to leave the question of their final nomenclature till the last. Many thousands of specimens, recent and fossi', were studied ; many hundreds of the recent forms had to be opened by boiling in a test-tube in weak caustic soda, before they could be examined under the microscope (1-in. objective), and a very large number of the fossil forms had to be scrutinized three or four times, individually, under a lens. In the end seventeen well-marked forms were discriminated, of which two are extinct, whilst one has not as yet been found, either recent or fossil, in these Isles, although it possibly does occur, thus leaving fourteen species known to be living in liritain. To attempt subdivision of the genus and allot sectional names on so few forms is to court disaster more complete than has overtaken others with more extensive material to hand. Clessin (35) divided the genus into tliree groups : — 1. Fluminina, type: F. amnicum, Miill. 2. llivuLiNA, type : J\ sujnmtm, Schmidt. 3. FossARiNA, type : F. ohtumle, C. Pfr. His first group, as Sterki (166) has already shown, was based on a misapprehension of the cardinal tooth of the right valve of F. arnnicum, which he thought was double ; whilst his other groups prove to be incongruous mixtures. Westerlund (184) followed Clessin, but added a totally un- necessary fourth group for the " deep-water " forms. Ball's grouping (49) unhappily does not give promise of any greater permanence, and one can only hope that Dr. 8terki, who is working at the American species, may, with the plentiful examples at his command, be able to attain better results. The seventeen forms in question in this paper are capable, however, of being roughly classed. Thus F. anuiiciim and 6 CATALOGUE OF p. astm^toides stand by themselves distinct from the rest. P. caser- tanum, P. nitidum, F. personatum^ and P. pusillum^ with probably F. milium^ form a group of transitional forms, that is linked on the one hand through F. jmhhellwn with F. suhtruncahmi, F. hensloivanum, F. sujiinum, and F. ixirvuJum ; and on the other hand, through F, steenhuchii with F. lilljeborc/ii, F. hibernicum, and F. obtusale. F. vincentianum, with its depressed ligament-pit, is a form apart. II. — History of the British Species. The history of the establishment of the several species here recognized and the varying forms admitted by successive con- chologists of note is briefly as follows : — 1774. 0. F. Miiller described (123), but did not figure, nor cite any figure, his Tdlina amnicvm. Concerning the identity of this species there fortunately is no doubt, although a large synonymy now follows the name. 1791. Gmelin described (97) a form under the name of Tellina pusiUa, referring to a figure by Schroter. The description is inadequate for modern purposes : the figure conveys the impression of a strongly striate form, such as P. jndchellum or a young P. amnicum, and the outline rather favours the latter. The name was used by Turton, Brown and others for any or all of the smaller species of the genus, and since it is impossible to say what Gmelin's shell was, the use of the name must date from Jenyns, who first circumscribed the species, as we know it. 1795. Poli described (138) and figured Cardium casertanvm. Neither figure nor description would enable one to identify the species with certainty, but specimens sent me by Prof. Bellini from the type locality, where it appears to be the only species present, confirm the traditional belief on the Continent that it is the same as Alder's P. cinereimi. 1801. Draparnaud (51) created Cyclas fontinalis ior (leiimn iorm^ obviously belonging to Fisidium. His descrijjtion is, how- ever, too meagre, and his figures, published in 1805 (52, pi. X.), too rough to enable one to say exactly what they were; whilst, unfortunately, his specimens have been lost. If a guess uiight be hazarded from the representations, it would be that the type and var. y were F, casertarium, and the var. /^ one of the smaller species. The name has been largely used on the Continent for forms identictil with that taken in these pages as P. casertanum (Poli). It would therefore seem advisable to drop the name altogether. Draparnaud's only other species referable to Fisidium was his C. palusti-is, a synonym for P. umiiicwn. 1818. Lamarck (92) separated out a small tumid form to which he gave the name Cydas ohiusaJis. The description was sPECiKs OP risiDiujr. 7 not adequate, still it sufficiently fits the form to which Jeuyns subsequently applied it. Lamarck's other two species referable to Pisidium are: — Cijclas ohJiqiia { = Pisidium amaicum) and Ct/clas fontinalis. 1821. C. Pfeiflfer (134) defined the genus Pisidium and placed in it: — 1. P. obliqiium (Lam.), 2. P. ohtasale (Lam.), and 3. P. foniinale (Drap.). It is doubtful if the latter were the same as Draparnaiid's species, and the descriptions and figures are equally vague. 1825. Slieppard (163) discovered and named Ttllina hensloivana. His characterization leaves no doubt as to his species, which is never questioned. 1832. Jenyns published his classical memoir (83) from which dates . our present knowledge of the British Pisidia. He detected two additional species, and had he only been aware of the value of the hinge-characters, would certainly have added more, for some of his species undoubtedly combined more than one form. His descriptions are full, but the figures, though beautifully drawn, are not accurate representations from the scientific point of view, as a careful comparison of them with original specimens at Bath showed. His species were : — 1. P. obtusale, Pfeiflfer. 2. P. imsillum^ nobis.* (The extreme variety fig. 5 would probably, could it be opened, prove to be /-*. per- sonatum.) 3. P. niiidum, nobis. • 4. P. puIcheUum, nobis . ^r^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ var. /3 examples of the oval form " • / J 1^ of P. subtruncatum. Malm.) „ var. 3. (This, as well known, proved to be P. milium, Held.) 5. P. henslowianum, nobis.* „ var. /3. (This was a perfect speci- men of P. subtruiiccUum.) 6. P. amnicumy nobis.* Jenyns, when he wrote his paper, was not acquainted with the form here designated P. casertanum, but his collection contains specimens of P. cinereum, Alder, sent him by that naturalist, as well as P. gibba (seemingly an oval form of P. nitidum) and P. foniinale (= snbtrun- mium), both from Alder, who in 1838 put them in Jenyns' pusiUum. * Jenyns adopted the current botanical method of nomenclature in which the name of the author of the complete name, and not of tlie species only, is given. The authors of the species appear in the synonymy. 8 CATALOGUE OF 1836. Held, in his paper on Bavarian MoUusca (77). enumerated Pfeiffer's species and added P. milium. His description of this last is far too scanty for recognition, but Clessin saw the original specimen and depicted it in his Monograph, and since the figure in that work is unmistakable, the name is gladly accepted on his authority. 1840. Gray brought out an edition of Turton's " Manual " (176) in which he accepted Jenyns' species and added P. cinereum, Alder. Of P. pulcliellum he remarked that Jenyns was inclined to believe that his var. 3 and ^ were " a distinct species for which he would retain the name jndchellum, while I would propose the name of P. jemjusii for the other varieties " (p. 285). That is to say, if the specimens under discussion were really the type examples in Jenyns' collection, one of the worn specimens of P. suhiruncatum and the P. milium were to become the types of P.jmlchellum, whilst the original type and the other worn example of P. suhiruncatum were to constitute P. jenynsii. This forcible exchange of type is not recognized now-a-days, and in the absence of specimens to show what Gray had before him, or that this readjustment was anything more than one on paper, Gray's name must lapse. Probably the latter alternative ^vas the case, for in 1858 (84, p. 105) Jenyns states that Gray proposed the name P. jenynsii for the first of the three varieties of P. pul- cliellum (he had evidently forgotten that by inference var. y was included), and adds "but I do not believe now that this variety is ... . distinct from the var. /3 of my mono- graph .... The variety which Dr. Gray has, termed jenynsii differs from the more ordinary form of 2^'uMiellum by the striae being more deeply cut, and the shell being broader in proportion to its length." 1842. M oiler published the description (115) of his Cydas steen- bucliii from Greenland. 1843. Macgillivray in his account of the Mollusca of Scotland (104) enumerates : — 1. P. joannis (n. si^.). 4. P. nitidum. 2. P. jenynsii. 5. P. pusillum. 3. P. pulcliellum (var. /3, Jenyns). 6. P. amnicum. Jenyns, whom he consulted, remarked of the first species : — " This I believe to be the P. pulcliellum, var. a of my monograph .... which Gray .... proposes should be named P. jenynsii ; but they are much larger than any specimens in my possession before .... If it is not what I suppose it to be, it is new." (104, p. 249.) Macgillivray treated it as such, but unfortunately his spe- cimens have been lost, and since the species cannot be identified with certainty the name will have to be SPECIES OF PISIDIITM. 9 dropped. His description suggests one of the forms of P. pusillum. Jenyns assented to the determination of the second species, but Macgillivray says "i^. jenynsii and F. ])idchellum .... and all their varieties, I am almost persuaded, are of one single species" (p. 251). Macgillivray 's third species, if it was identical with Jonyns' specimen, would be P. subtruncatuni. 1849. Forbes and Hanley published their classical work (63), and, wlien treating of Pisidiuin, followed Jenyns, adding, of course, P. cinereum. Alder. They cite Jenyns as having reverted to the integrity of his P. imlclidlum^ but at the same time shrewdly suggest that his var. h " appears the least connected with the rest." (Vol. ii, p. 129.) 1850. Schmidt (156) defined P. siipiniim, but it was some years before his species was recognized. 1852. The section of Dupuy's celebrated "Histoire" (55) was published containing the chapters on Pisnlium. He dis- tinguished 12 species, five of which have passed into synonymy, the only item now of interest being that he ranked Senyns^ P. •pusilluni diS a synonym of hisP.fonti- nale. 1855. Malm (106), dealing with the Swedish non-marine Mollusca, enumerated nine species, of which two, P. suhtruncatum and P. personatum, were new and of great importance, inasmuch as it was failure to recognize these two forms that led to much of the confusion into which the work of British and other authors had been thrown. One of Malm's species, which he believed to bo new, P. arcceforme^ is identical with P. milium. 1854. liourguignat published a note on Pisidia (21), in which he laid down the utility of the hinge as a basis for classifica- tion. His species were those of Jenyns, with the addition of P. casertanum (which, however, was made to include jnilchellum and the forms now referred to milium) and a new species P. reclusianum, which Jeffreys considered (80, p. 39) to be founded '* on young specimens of P. hensloivimnim (var. imlcliellum),^^ but which rather suggest fry of P. amnicum. 1855. Gassies, in his description of the Pisidia of Aquitaine (65), raised the number of species to fourteen. Four of these he supposed to be new, but they have passed into synonymy. 1856. Moquin-Tandon in his well-known " Histoire " (116) acknowledged only six species : — 1. P. henslowanum. 4. P. niiidum. 2. P. amnicum. 5. P. pusillum, 3. P. casertanum. 6. P. ohtusale. He included Jenyns' P. pulcJtdlum, and consequently P. milium^ under P. casertanum. 10 CATALOGUE OF 1857. Baiidon, the French Jenyns, in his careful " Essai " (9) made partial use of the hinge for classification, but did not avail himself of its details for the distinction of species, of which he specified eight : — 1. P. ohtusale. 5. P. casertanurn. 2. P. jiusillitm. 6. P. ftjnnicum. 3. P. nitidum. 7. P. henslowanum. 4. P. gassiesianum [=mil{u7n^. 8. P. conicum \_=-supiniim]. He included the whole of Jenyns' P. puhhellnm under P. casertanurn. Unfortunately Malm's work was not known to him. 1858. Jenyns published some notes on the smaller species (84) in which he modified certain of the conclusions he had come to in his Monograph. He had received five specimens agreeing exactly with his P. lienslowiaaum except in being entirely destitute of the lamelliform projection on the umbones, and was at first doubtful whether to refer them io P. headowanum ov P. pulclieUum. It has been pointed out that in the case of both these species Jenyns had included specimens of P. suhtriincatimi to which obviously the new finds belonged, and since he never made any distinction, as is done to-day, between the type and varieties of a species, he came to the conclusion that his P. hens- lowianimi and P. pulcheUum should form one species, and since the former was the older name it should " in future be adopted as the general name for this species." He further considered the normal form ofi^ lienshwianum thus constituted would be that without the appendiculae (p. 105), and added (p. 106) that "if it be thought desirable still to retain a name for that variety which is so peculiarly dis- tinguished by the umbonal appendages it might be called var. apjiendiculata.^' This forcible dethronement of Sheppard's type, in which the nppendiculse formed its salient character, cannot of course be entertained. Jenyns also remarked in this paper (p. 106) " I am inclined to think that the P. pusillum and P. cinereum are not distinct." He further cautioned collectors against deciding hastily on any of these small bivalves, adding (p. 107): "This remark applies especially to the P. nitidum, which in general form is so similar to the P. pusilhi.m." 1859. Early the following year Jefireys, in his " Further Gleanings " (80), published for the first time his conclusions as to the species of Pisidium* These he reduced to five in number, viz. : — * He liad already eomnninicated them in the previous November to Jenyns, as sliown by extracts kindly made for me from the Jenvns Correspondence at Bath by Major M. Connolly. SPECIES OP nsjDJIJM. 11 1. P, puslUum (including 4. F. hensJowiainim (including obtusale). pulchelhmi ^ndcineremn). 2. P. nitidum. 5. P. amnicum. 3. P. roseiim. When it is considered tliat examples of P. subtruncatum were intermixed with Jenyns' P. heiislowirtnu7n and P. pul~ chellum, and that fine specimens of P. subtruncatum do bear some external resemblance to P. cinereurn, Jeffreys' No. 4 is not so incomprehensible ; but what is to be said of his association of two such distinct forms as P. pusillum and P. ohtusah ? One feasible explanation ap])ears to be that Jeffreys unconsciously transposed Jenyns' P. obtusale and P, nitidum, just as on the two occasions in which in his '* liritish Conchology " (vol. i, pp. 32 & 38) he described the teeth of Unio, he in each case transposed the two valves and described right for left and vice versa. This hypothesis receives support from the discovery in the T. liogers collection of Pisidia (now^ in the writer's possession) of two tubes marked " Pisidium nitidum from J. G. Jeflfreys " and " Pisidium nitidum, var. globosa, J. G. Jeffr. (new)" (PI. XXX, f. 5), both co))taining speci- mens indistinguishable from Jenyns' type specimen of P. obtusale at Bath. Furthermore, in " British Conchology " P. nitidum is classed by itself under the section " C. Round," which is exactly what Jenyns' P. obtusale is and his P. nitidum is not. At the same time the confusion, if such it be, is made worse by his retention of the descriptions of some of the characteristic features as given by Jenyns under the latter's names. On the other hand, ovate forms of P. nitidum are externally very like some forms of P. pusillum, as Jenyns especially pointed out in his notes to which allusion has just been made, while there is little doubt, though it was not possible to prove the fact by opening them, undetected specimens of P. personatum were intermixed with both.* Jeffreys, however, did recognize the distinctness of Jenyns' P. pulchellum, var. c and its identity with P. (jassiessianum of Dupuy, but was less happy in attributing it to P. roseum, Scholtz (PI. XUI, f. 9 ; XV, f. 11), solely on the supposed identity of the colour of the animals, when he had never seen Scholtz' specimens ; still, since the name of P. milium. Held, has the prior claim, no more need be said. One other fact of importance should be noted, namely, that at this period, Jeffreys spoke of " P. fontinale of Pfeiffer (our P. pusillum) " (p. 38), and in Rogers' collection there * Of two scries of speciniens in the Norman collection at the British Museum, marked '^ Vhidivm nitidum. Examined by Jeffreys," one [I1>11. 10.26: 7775-03] was r. j^ersonalum and the other [1911.10.26; 7826 4/)] P. 2m:>i//ji}i(, innnature and rather rounder than usual. 12 CATALOOrE OF was a tube marked " Pisidium pusillum large variety J. G. Jeff." (PI. XIII, f. 2; XV, f. 12) containing typical P. casertanum.^ 1862. When the first volume of Jeffreys' " British Conchology " appeared he still recognized five species of Plsvlium, but tho collocation of the forms was not quite the same. The new arrangement was as follows : — Am- 1 f 1. -P. amaicum. A. Iriangular. < ,. ^ x ^- i ^ [2. P. fo lit t naif. B. Oval. 3. P.^p"sillum. C Hound. 4. P. nitidum. D. Oblong. 5. P. roseum. The change was that Jeffreys no longer considered P, fontimde to be a variery of P. pusillum^ but reckoned it a distinct specie.^, pntting under it as varieties P. Jienslowi- anum, P. pulchelhim, and P. cinereum. With the substitution of the name P. milium for P. roseum this arrangement has persisted down to quite recent times in the history of British Conchology. 1863. lieeve, whose work (147) has not altogether received the attention it merits, raised the number of species to seven by according specific rank to P. obtusale, P. pulchellum, and P. Jienslowiatiiim, whilst leaving P. mUium, as represented by some of its many names, under the synonymy of P. pulchellum. 1864. E. von Martens (108) described, under the name of P. antiquum^ a form from the Pleistocene of [Siberia, that was subsequently redescribed in 1880 by Sandberger from the Cromerian of West liunton as P. antartoides. This form . had long been reckoned merely a variety of P. nmnicam. Von Martens' name being preoccupied, Sandberger's stands for the species. 1874-77. Clessin wrote that portion of his Monograph on the Cycladea (35) which deals with Pisidium. He advocated the eraploj^ment of the hinge-characters in the discrimination of the species, of which he admitted far more than British authors would, although by no means so lavish of them as some continental writers. He was badly served by his printer, for the work abounds in typo- graphical errors, and by his artist, for, with the exception of P. milium^ the coloured figures are distorted travesties and the diagrams of the hinge-teeth incorrect. 1886. Clessin (59) named P. lilljeborgii, a form recently met with in Ireland. 1894. Westerluud (185) added an Irish species, P. hibernicum, to the British List. * Jenyiis, as already noted (ante, p. 1(J), was inclined to refer Alder's P. cinereum to his own P. im^illum. SPECIES OF PTSiniCM. 13 III. — List of Indeterminate Pal^ikctic Forms. The following named species have not been dealt with in this paper or relegated to synonymy, either because of the inadequate descriptions given of them and the absence of the actual or autb.enticated specimens on which to form an opinion concerning them, or for other specified reasons : — Pisidimn ncidwn, m. : L. Pfeiffer, Arch. f. Naturg. vii, 1841, Bd. i, p. 230. Forbes and Hanley (63, vol. ii, p. 131 ) refer this to P. henshw- anum, and other writers have copied from them, but it is hard to see the reason, especially when the author notes that it seems mi>re nearly allied to P. obliqunm \^ = amuicum'] than to P. fontinale. Pimlium aajyeri, Cless. : Clessin in Suter, Malakoz. Bltitt., N. F. xi, 1889, p. 26. Zugersee, 200 m. Not afterwards referred to. : P. inilimn, var. asperi, Cless. : Clessin in Suter, Malakoz. Blatt., N. F. xi, 1889, p. 25 ; Clessin, MoU.-Fauna Oesterreich- Ungarns, 1890, p. 786, fig. Klousee, 27 m. Whether the author considered this and the preceding species to be identical or not does not appear. Pisidium barhozannm, Castro in coll.: Locard, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Lyon, vii, no. 1, p. 210. This may be a dwarfed P. casertanum, or P. nitklum. Pmdium canariense, Shuttl. : Shuttleworth, Mitthl. Naturf. Gesell. Bern, 1852, p. 146, Pisidiwn chai-pentieri^ m. : Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterrei( h- Ungarns, 1890, p. 787, fig. Pisidium colbeani, Clessin : Clessin in Kiister, Syst. Conch. -Cub. ix, Abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 48, 1874, pi. v, f 21-23. Pisidium convenfus, n. sp. ; Clessin, Malakoz. Blatt. 1877, p. 181. May be P. nitidum. Pisidium ci'eplini, Dkr. : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 280. Is a Sp/i(srium. Pisidium dabneyi, nov. sp. : Guerne, Le Nat. ix, 1887, Ser. ii, p. 195. Is probabh'^ a Sj)hcerium. Pisidium ddhujoli, Bivona: Villa, Disp. Syst. Conch. 1841, p. 44. Is a Sphcpvium. Pisidium demissum, m. : Clessin, Correspond.-Bl. zool.-niin. Ver. Regensburg, xxviii, 1874, p. 182. Pisidium dvbrueili, nob. : Baudon, Rev. Sci. Nat. i, 1872, p. TO, pi. iii, f. 1-4. Pisidium duplicatum, m. : L. Pfeiffer, Arch. f. Naturg. vii, 1841, Bd. i, p. 230. Mcirch (119, p. 336) and Kreglinger (91, p. 362) make this a synonym for P. nitidum. It was overlooked by Forbes and Hnnley, although its description follows that of P. aouUim. Pfeiffer saj'^s that the species seems to be related to the Cyclas ajyjyetidiculata, Turt., w^ith which he was unacquainted. Cyclas foniinalis : Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. France, 1801, p. 105. Probably in part P. casertanum (see pp. 6 & 33). 14 CATALOGUE OF Pisidiumfoveli, m. : Clessin, CoiTespond.-Bl. zool.-mlu. Ver. Regens- burg, xxviii, 1874, p. 181. May be either P: nitidum or -P. personatum, l^isidium frac/illimmn, Olessin : Clessin, Moll.-Faima Oesterreich- UnganiP, 1890, p. 780, fig, Pisidinm fuscum, Parr.: Parrvs, Haidinger Berichte, vi, 1850, p. 101 [n. n.]. Pisidium fiittereri, n. sp. : Clessin in Futterer, Durch Asien, iii, 1903, p. 82. Pisidium imbntum, Clessin : Olessin, Moll.-Fauua Oesterreich- Ungarns, 1890, p. 784, fig. Pisidinm imhoji, m. : id., op. cit. p. 790, fig. Pisidium jenynsii: Grav in Tnrton, Manual Shells Brit. Is., new ed., 1840, p. 285. (See ante, p. 8.) Pisidinm joannis : Macgillivray, Hist. Moll. Anira, Aberdeen, etc., 1843, pp. 209 & 248. (See ante, p. 8.) Pisidium Mikenurense, n. sp. : Clessin in Futterer, Durch Asien, iii, 1903, p, 82. Pisidium lateumbonatum, n, sp. : id., loc. cit. Pisidium Inganense [n. sp.] : Clessin, Moll. -Fauna Oesterreich- Ungarns, 1890, p. 789, fig. Pisidium lumstenianum, n, sp, : Forbes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ii, 1838, p, 255. Proved when opened to be lMSIU3f. 15 Pisidhan profundum^ n. sp. ; Clessiii, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., Ser. II, xiv, p. 239, pi. iii, f. 5. Ma}^ be either P. niiidum or P. 'pevmnatum. Pisiduim prolongatum, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakoz. Blatt. 1877, p. 180, pi. iii, f. G. Said to be near P. occupatum. May be P. nitidum or P. suh- truncutuin. Pisidmm prolouffatutn, Clessin : Clessin in Suter, Zool. Anz. iii, 1880, p. 208 [ii. n.] ; Clessiu, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreicli-Ungarns, 1890, p. 78o, tig. All obviou^ly different species to the preceding. Pisidium qiiadranguluin, Clessin ; Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreich- Ungarns, 1890, p. 781, fig. Pisidium ramhottianum, nov. sp. : Adami, Bull. Soc. Malac. Ital. vii, 1881, p. 200. The author says it has some affinity with " suhtruncaium, Jen."! Pisidiinn reclusianum, nobis : Bourguignat, Joiirn. de Conch, iii, 1852, p. 174, pi. viii, f. 8 a-d. Jeffreys (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. in, iii, 1859, p. 39) refers this to '' young specimens of P. hen-tloicianum (var. pul- chellimi),''' but it is too flat and not round enough. More probably it is fry of P. amnmim. Pisidium recluzianum, Bourg. : Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, Beauvais, iii, 1857, p. 53 [non Bourg.]. Jeffreys (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. in, iii, 1859, p. 38) determined this to be Turtonia minuta, to which Baudon assented (Journ. de Conchyl. viii, 1860, p. 179). Pisidium rotundum, P. de Cess. : Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Creuse, , ii, 1855, pp. 73-77. An abnormality. Pisidium schmidti, n. sp. : Clessin, Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Gesell. xxxix, 1907, p. 8. Pisidium sinuatum, Bourg. : Bourguignat in Petit de La Saussaye, Journ. de Conch, ii, 1851, p. 421 note ; id., op. cit. iii, 1852, p. 49, pi. i, f. 6-10. [Figure suggests fractured P. amnicum.'] Baudon (Journ. de Conch, iv, 1853, pp. 277-279) refers it to P. casertg.i' distal side of centre, very prominent, conical, blunt ; ridges (aiYly sharp, distal short and very steep, umbonal a little longer and less steep. 2. not very prominent, triangular, fairly sharp-pointed ; apey; curving outwards and pointing to the umbo ; margins raised into ridges, that sometimes give it tl»e appearance of two divergent teeth, separated by a deep triangular fossa from : — 4. not very prominent, narrow, sharp, slightly wedge- shaped, running diagonally across the hinge-plate to — near the inner margin. p. II. not quite J the length of the hinge-line, strong and narrow, curving wdth the shell-margin; base strong, only slightly swollen ; apex near the distal end, slightly prominent and distally directed; ridges round-edged, umbonal long with fairly gradual slope, distal very short and exceedingly steep. Dimensions. — Long. 11, Alt. 9, Crass. 6*2 mm. These founded on a British specimen, from an unknown locality, are slightly greater than those given by Jenyns, but a specimen from Ucrlin (PI. V, f. 16) attains 11*7 X 8-2x6-4 mm., whilst an example from the Pleistocene at Grays (Essex) measures 11-7x8-7x7-8 mm. Jenyns (83, p. 310) discriminated two varieties according to the strength or the reverse of the stria), but these distinctions cannot now be accepted as of any material importance, for the intensity of the striae varies with the locality. Those from the Thames near London are very strongly striate (PI. V, f. 11), and still more so are certain examples from the Pleistocene of Grays (PI. V, f. 9) which intermingled with specimens of P. astartoides (PI. Y, f. 10) were cited in literature under the name of P. sulcatum or P. amnicum^ var. sulcata (cf. S. V. Wood, 189, ii, p. 110). On the other hand, the var. nova, Paul., from St. Canzian, Ober Krain (PI. V, f. 17 c), tends to bo nearly smooth. The usual rounded-oval outline may, especially in immature SPECIES OF PISIDIUSf. 19 shells, give place to au elongate oval with comparatively central umbo (PL V, f. 12 6 «&; d) or to an elongate form with posteriorly placed umbo as in var. elongata (PI. Y, f. 16), or assume a trigonal outline as in var. nova (PI. V, f. 17 d) and certain examples from the Pleistocene of Grays (PI. VI, f. 4 A:, t, u ; IX. f. 9). Normally it is a fairly tumid shell (PI. Y, f. 1 & 2), but is sometimes com- paratively flattened (PI. Y. f. 3), or in the case of var. danubialis, IServain (PI. Y, f. 7 & 8) very swollen. This last-named variety was first pointed out from the Thames Yalley deposits by the late Dr. Poettger in correspondence. It is longer, narrower and very much more ventricose (11*5 x 8*8 X 8 mm.) in the adult stage, although rounder in the very young stages than the type. Indeed the very young stages bear a close resemblance to juvenile P. nitidum, and slightly older examples to P. subtruncatmn, in dentition as well as outline. It is less strongly striate than the typical examples in the same bed, and much more inaequilatoral owing to the greater truncation of the posterior end, whilst the umbones, especially in the young shells, are more rounded and prominent. The hinge-plate is also narrower, and there are minor differences in the dentition of the immature shells. Suites are very easily picked out (PL YI, f. 3 ; YII, f. 3 i& 4 ; IX, f. 2, 5-7) and contrast well with similar series of the typical forms from the same localities (PI. YI, f . 1 ; VII, f. 1 & 2 ; IX, f. 3 «& 4), but linking forms are also met with (PL YI, f. 2). The only pearl I have seen in a Pisidium is in a specimen of this variety from the Pleistocene deposits of Cray ford- Erith (PLIX, f. 7 c). The trigonal variant above alluded to from the Pleistocene ot Grays is probably the result of dwarfing brought about by un- congenial environment, since it grades into the type (PL YI, f. 4). The most pronounced specimens are cardiform in shape and subtriangular in lateral outline, with exceedingly heavy hinge (PL IX, f. 9), suggesting at first sight very large examples of P. supinum : two of these measure 7 X 6 X 5*4 and 6 x 5*5 x 4*0 mm. respectively. The var. nova, Paul. (132, p. 176), is the form that in its adult state departs most widely from the type. Both in external outline and sculpturing (PL Y, f. 17 d) and to a less extent in its hinge (PL YlII, f. 2) it shows a curious approach to P. casertanum, but in the younger shells (PL Y, f. 17 a & 6) the suggested resemblance is much less strong, whilst the embryos which I obtained from an individual kindly sent me by Herr Lindholm from the district of Lake Baikal (as P. subiilestriatum , Lindh., 95, p. 84) are precisely similar to those of the type form. c2 KEY TO THE SYMBOLS FORMING THE MAP * A. = Anglesey. AM, =Arfjyll, Main. AN.(Seot.)=Aberdeen, North. AN, (Ire.) =Antrim. AR. = Armagh. AS. =Abcrdeen, 8outh. AY. :=Ayr. B. =:Bute, Arran and Clyde l8. BD. =Bed8, BF. =BaniF. BK. = Berks. BR. = Brecon. BW.= Berwick. BX. = Bucks. CA. =Caithneff?. CB. = Cambridge. CD. = Cardigan. CH. = Cheshire. Cf. = Channel Is. CL. = Clare. CM. =Caermarthen, CR. =Caernarvon. CT. =Cantire. CU. = Cumberland. CV, =CaTan. CW. =Carlow. DB. ^Denbigh, DF, = Dumfries. DM. = Durham. ON. = Dumbarton. DO. ==Down. DT. =Dorset. DU. = Dublin. DY. =Derby. EC. (Eng.) =East Cornwall. EC. (Ire.) =EafetCork. ED.C8cot.)=Edinburgh. ED. (Ire.) =East Donegal. El. =East Inverness. EL. = Elgin. EK. =East Kent. EM. =Ea8t Mayo. EN. =EaEt Norfolk. E8. =East Suftolk, EX. =East Sussex. EY. ^North-east Yorks. PE, =Fermanagh. FF. ^Forfar. FT. =Flint. GE. =Gloueester, East. GM. = Glamorgan. GW. —Gloucester, West. HB. = Hebrides. HD. = Haddington. HF. r= Hereford. HT. = Herts. HU.= Hunts. L. LA. LD. LE. LF. LH. LK. LL LN. LR. LS. =Islay, et*. (Ebudes, S.). =1. of Man. :I. of Wight. : Kirkcudbright. : King's County. = Kildare, :Kinro9s-f Fife. -Kincardine. : Kilkenny. : London Postal District. iLundy I. : Lanark. :Londonderry, : Leitrim. : Longford. : Louth. : Limerick. : Linlithgow. : Lincoln, North. -Leice8ter+ Rutland. : Lincoln, South. M. =:Mull, etc. (Ebudes, Mid.). MC. =Mid Cork. ME. =Meath. MG. = Montgomery. ML. =Mid. (or West) Lanes. MM. = Monmouth. MN. = Merioneth. MO, =Monaghan. MX. =MiddIe6ex. MY. =Mid. West Yorks. ND. = North Devon. NE. = North Essex. NG, -North Galway. NH. = North Hants. NK. = North Kerry. NM. =Notts. NN. =North Northumberland. NO. =Northant8. N8. (Eng.) =North Fomerset. N8, (Scot.) = North (or East) Sutherland. NT, =North Tipperary. NW, = North Wilts. NY. =North-west Yorks. 01, =Orkneys. OX. = Oxford. PB. =Pembroke. PC. =Perth, South (or West) + Clackmannan. PE, —Peebles. PM. =Perth, Mid. PN, = „ North (or East). QC, = Queen's County. RA, =Eadnor. RE. =Ross, East. RF, =Eenfrew. RO. =Ro8common. RW.= Ross, West. RX. = Roxburgh. 8. =1. of Skye, etc. (Ebudes, North). SC. ==Scilly Is. 8D. = South Devon. • 8E. -South Essex. 8G, (Scot.)=Stirling. SG (Ire.) = South Galway. 8H. =:South Hants. SI. -Shetlands. SK,(Scot.)^Selkirk. 8K.(Ire.) = South Kerry. 8L. (Fng.) = South Lanes. 8L (Ire.) =Sligo. 8N. =SouthNorthumberland. 8P. = Salop. SR. = Surrey. 88. (Eng.)=South Somerset. 88. (Scot.) = South (or West) Sutherland. 8T.(Eng.)^StaflFord. ST. (Ire.) = South Tipperary. 8W. = South Wilts. SY. = South-east Yorks. TY. =Tyrone. WA.=Waterford. WC. (Eng.)= West Cornwall. WC.(Ire.) =WestCork. WD. =West Donegal. WG. = West Galway. WH.=Westmeath. Wl. (Scot.) = West Inverness. WI.(Ire.)=Wicklow. WK. =We8t Kent. WL. =Westmorland. WM.= West Mayo. WN. =West Norfolk. WO. ^Worcester. W8. =West Suffolk. WT, =Wigton. WW, = Warwick. WX. (Eng.)=West Sussex. WX. (Ire.) = Wexford. WY. = South-west Yorks. * The maps and symbols for the vice-counties have been drawn up in accordance with thoEe agreed upon by the British Association Committee for "The formation of a definite System on which Collectors should record their Captures." (Sec^. F.Balfour Browne, Esq.; CATALOGUE OF SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 21 DISTIMBUTION. Si 01 N8 CA HB SS RW RE EL BF AN Wl El PN AS AM PM FF Kl DN S6 PC KF ' CT RF LL ED HO AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB DF SK RX SN FE TY AR DO CU WL Hi OM WM SL LE MO "^ ML MY EY EM RO CV LH SL WY SY LN WG N6 LF WH ME OR DB FT CH DY NM LS S6 KC KO OU MN MG SP ST LR CJ WN EN CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF Wg WW NO HU WS 1$ NK LK ST KK WX PB CM BR 6E OX B_X BD HJ NE SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW Bjf MX SJ WC NS 8W NH Sl3wK Elf ND SS DT SH WX EX EC SO IW SC WC CI Pisidium amnicum. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) RECENT. ENGLAND. London.— E. Battersea [Gray Coll., B.M. 1012. 12. 5 : 1-20J. Berkshire. — BK. [C. C. S.] Buckinghamshire. — EX. Eton (River Thames) [J. E. C] : Dcnham [J. E. C] ; Ilalton Canal [J. E. C] ; near Leighron Buzzard [J. E. C.]. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Cambridge [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 21-32 & 1912.12.13: 91-100, both as Peru hensJowana^. 22 CATALOGUE OF Cheshire. — CH. Beeston Castle (Shrops. Union Canal) fC. 0.] ; Bickley (Elles- mere) [C. 0.] ; Brooklands [C. 0.] ; Marple (Peak Eorest Canal) [C. 0.] ; near New Mills. Cornwall, West. — WC. [Marquand, 107.] Derbyshire. — DY. Dovedale [C. 0.] ; Matlock Bridge [A. S. K.]. Devonshire, South. — SD, Exeter (Canal) [C. 0.] ; Newton Abbot (Canal) [B. B. W.]. Dorset.— DT. [C. C. S.] Durham. — DM. Stockton [Alder, 6]. Essex, North.— NE. [C. C. S.] Essex, South. — SE. Buckhurst Hill (K. Boding) [C. 0.]. Gloucestershire, West. — GW. Bristol District [Leipner, 94]. Hampshire, South. — SH. E. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 ; 7523-56] Herefordshire. — HP. [Boycott & Bowell.] Hertfordshire. — HT. Broxbourne [A. S. K.] [J. E. C] ; liickmansworth [C. 0.]. Kent, East.— EK. Medway, R. [A. S. K.]. Kent, West.— WK. Bexley [B.M. 41. 5. 17 : 127-152]; Bromley (R. Ravens- bourne) [A. S. K.] ; Catford [J. E. C] ; Medway, R. [A. S. K.] ; Sissinghurst [A. S. K.] ; Yalding [A. S. K.] Lancashire, Mid. — ML. [C. C. S.] Lancashire, South. — SL. Bolton (Canal) [T. R.] ; HoUinwood (Canal) [C. 0.]. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone (Union Canal) [C. 0.]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Alvinghara (Louth Canal) [C. S. C] ; Bardney (R. Witham) [C. S. C] ; Louth [C. S. C.]. Lincolnshire, South. — LS. Bardney (R. Witham) [C. S. C.]. Middlesex. — MX. Famm [J. E. C.]. Norfolk, East.— EN. [C. C. S.] Norfolk, West. — WN. Hunstanton [J. E. C.]. Northamptonshire. — NO. [C. C. S.] Northumberland, South. — SN. [C. C. S.] Nottinghamshire.— NM. [C. C. S.] Oxfordshire.— OX. [C. C. S.] Shropshire. — SP. [Buddicom, 28.] Somerset, North. NS. Bristol district [Leipner, 94]. SPECIES OF riSlDlCM. 23 Somerset, South.— S3. [C. C. S.] Staffordshire. — ST. Froghall (Canal) [C. 0.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Weiihaston [J. E. C.]. Suffolk, West.— WS. [Mayfield, 111.] Surrey.— SR. Jiyfleefc f J. E. C] ; Thames Ditton [J. E. C.J ; Chertsey Mead [J3. 13. W.] Sussex, East. — EX. [Jcnner.] Sussex, West.— WX. [C. C. S.] Warwickshire. — WW. Sutton Coldfield [H. O.j. Westmorland. — WL. Hale Mo3s, Burton in Kendal [J. W. J.]. Yorkshire, Mid- West. — MY. Malham Tarn [A. S. K.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 91-94]. Yorkshire, North-East. — EY. York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 91-94]. Yorkshire, North-West.-NY. [C. C. S.] Yorkshire, South-East. — SY. York [B.M. 40.10.9: 91-94]. WALES. Brecon.— BR. [C. C. S.] Pembrokeshire. — PB. Tenby [C. S.]. SCOTLAND. Dumbarton.— DN. [C. C. S.] Haddingtonshire. — HD. 11. Tyne, below E. Linton [Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1911, p. 184]. Perthshire, Mid. — PM. Towns Lade, Perth [Trans. Perth Soc. Nat. Sci. v, 1910, Proc. p. lix]. Perth, South.— PC. [C. C. S.] Stirling.— SG. [C. C. S.] IKELAND. Antrim A'N Antrim [D.M.]; Ncagh, L. [C. S.]. Armagh.— AR. [Stclfox, 165.] Carlow. — CW. Tinnahinch [B. A. P.]. Cavan.— CV. [Stelfox, 165.] Clare.— CL. [Stelfox, 165.] Cork, East.— EC. [Stelfox, 165.] 24 CATALOGUE OF Cork, Mid.— MC. [Stelfox, 165.] Down.— DO. [Stclfox, 165.] Dublin. — DU. Dublin (Giand Canal) [D. M.]. Fermanagh. — FE. Enniskillcn [A. S. K.] : Erne, L. [H. T.]. Galway, NoRxn.- NG. [Stelfox, 165.] Galwat, South. — SG. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.]. Kerry, North. — NK. Crotta House [D. M.]. KiLDARK.-KD. [Stelfox, 165.] Kilkenny.— KK. [Stelfox, 165.] King's County.— KC. [Stelfox, 165.] Limerick. — LK. Limerick [D. M.] Londonderry. — LD. [Stelfox, 165.] Longford.— LF. [Stelfox, 165.] Louth.— LH. [C. C. S.] Meath.-ME. [Stelfox, 185.] Queen's Cou.nty. — dC. [Stelfox, 165.] Rathdowney [R. A. P.]. Roscommon. — RO. [Steltbx, 165.] Tipperary, North.— NT. [Stelfox, 165.] Tyrone.— TY. [Stelfox, 165.] Westmeath.— WH. [Stelfox, 165.] FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. London. — %. Albert Docks [B.M.— L. 6727] ; Blackfriars [B.M.— L. 6745]; between Canning Town and Stratford [B.M. 10045] ; Chingford [A. S. K.]; Fulham (Betteridge Koad) [B.M.— L. 6740]; llford [A. S. K.]; Lady well, Lewisham [A. S. K.] ; Lea Marshes [B.M. — L. 10035] ; Lea Valley [B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6735, 6751] ; N.E. London [B.M.— L. 5717-18, 5720, 5805] ; New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.]; Walthamstow [A. S. K.] ; West India Docks [M. P. G.] ; Westminster [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 7570] ; Shand Street, Tooley Street [A. S. K.]; Thames Yalley [B.M.— L. 333] ; Victoria Docks [M. P. G.]. Berkshire.— -BK. Kennet Valley, Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 7933] ; Wallingford [A. S. K.]. Essex, North. — NE. Harwich [A. S. K.]. Essex, South. — SE. Dagenham [A. S. K.] ; llford [A. S. K.]. SPECIES OF nSlDIUM. 25 Gloucestershire, West. — 6W. Westbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.]. Hampshtbk, North. — NH. lientley [A. S. K.]. Hampshire, South. — SH. Southampton [Kemp, 86, p. 89]. HuN'IIxNGDONSHIKE.— HU. St. Ives [A. S. K.]. Kent, East.— EK. Faversham [M. P. G.]. Kknt, AVest.— WK. Near East Farleigh [A. S. K.]. Middlesex. — MX. Brentford [B.M.— L. 7636] ; Uxbridge [A. S. K.]. Oxtordshire. — ox. Clifton Hampden [A. S. K.] ; Wargrave [A. S. K.]. Somerset, North. — NS. Castle Carey [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, East — ES. Aldeburgh [B. B. W.] ; Blythburgh [A. S. K.], Suffolk, West. — WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.]. Surrey. — SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6473]. IKELAND. Galavay, South. — SG. Portumna [A. S. K.]. AGE DOUBTFUL. Bedfordshire. — BD. Bedford [B.M.— L. 6733]. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23949]. Norfolk, East.— EN. Bacton [B.M.— L. 16486-98 pars]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Sproughton [Prestwicli Coll., B.M.— L. 23977 & 23981]. PLEISTOCENE. London. — %. Clapton [B. B. W.] ; Fulham (Betteridge Rd.) [B. B. W.] Hackney [B. B. W.] ; St. James' Square [B.M.— L. 14878] Shackle well Lane [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14624, 23971] Spring Gardens (Admiralty) [B.M. — L. 14884]; Stoke Newington [B. B. W.] ; Westminster [B. B. W.]. Bedfordshire — BD. Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23959]. 26 CATALOGFE OF CAMBErDGESHIRE. CB. Earnwdl [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [BM. 48219 ; L. 328 382 334, 5706 & 5708] [M. P.G.J; Barringtoa [B.M.— L '5711] [A. S. K.J ; Grantchester [S. M. C.J. Essex, North. — NE. Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J [B.M.— L. 6684J [M. P. G.J. Essex, South. — SE. Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J [B.M.— 23^56 & 44553J TM. P. G.J : Ilford [A. S. K.J [B.M.— L. 6699 & 10040J [M. P. G,]. Huntingdon. — HU. Overton Waterville [S. M. C.J ; Woodstoii [C. E. Y. K.J. Kent, AVest. — WK. Crayford and Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J [B.M.— L. 6693 6708, 6740, ,6741, 13218 & 18607J [M. P. G.J ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J. Middlesex. — MX. Brentford [B. B.W.J; Bonder's End [A. S. K.J; Twickenham [B.M.— L. 9510]. Northamptonshire. — NO. Overton Longville [Prestwich Coll. : B.M. — L. 23965J. Suffolk:, East. — ES. Hoxne [B.M.-L. 6723-24J [A. S. K.J ; Stufcton [A. S. K.l [M. P. G.J. "- ^ Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.J. Wiltshire, South. — SW. Fisherton [B.M.— L. 6717J. Worcksteushire. — wo. Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.J ; Cropthorne TB M — L. 6731J [M. P. G.J. '- * • CEOMEIIIAN. Norfolk, East. — EN. Sidestrand [M. P. G.J ; West Runton TA. S. K. & B B W 1 [M. P. G.J. ' -^ Suffolk, East. — ES. Kessingland [M. P. G.J. PLIOCENE (Weybourian). Norfolk, East. — EN. East llunton [M. P. G.J ; North Walsham [M. P. G.J. PLIOCENE (Norwich Crag). Norfolk, East. — EN. Bramerton Common [N. M.J [S. V. Wood Coll.: B.M.— L. 4540J [M. P. G.J , Thorpe, near Norwich. SPECIES OF PISIDirM. 27 Suffolk, East. — ES. Beccles [Crowfoot] ; Biilchamp [S. P. Woodward] ; Southwold [S. V. AVood]. On the Continent this species occurs living throughout Europe as far south as Naples (12, p. 43\ and eastwards extends through Siberia north of the Altai to Lake Eaikal, whence it has been described under the name of P. haicaJense and its variety nova as P. subtilestriatwn, Lindholm (95, p. 84). It has further been recorded from Algiers by Morelet (122, p. 298). In the fossil state it has been reported from the Holocene of Germany [Sandberger (154, p. 951)] ; the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] ; the Pleistocene of Gorkum, Holland [Harting (76, p. 117), Lorie (101, p. 163)] *, the Pleisto- cene (Campinien) of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat., Brussels]; the Pleistocene (Mosbacher Sand) of Mosbach vor Biebrich (near Wiesbaden) [Sandberger (154, p. 951), A. Braun (23, p. 144), and Prestwich Coll., B.M. 48212], of Hohensachsen and Pilgerhaus (near Weinheim-an-der-Bergstrasse) [Wiist Coll.], and of Mauer (near Heidelberg) [Geyer (69, p. 96)]. Also in France from the Upper Pliocene of Bligny (near Dijon), the Loess at Menchecourt (Pleisto- cene) [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14874-76] and the sands at St. Acheul [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14877], and from Charonne, near Paris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23984]. 2. Pisidium astartoides, Sandberger. [Pis. I, f. 2 ; III, f. 2 ; V, f. 10 ; X-XIL] 1840. CycJas {Tisiditim) amnica, var. ? : Lyell, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. Ser. iii, xvi, pp. 363 & 364, tigs. ; id., Antiq. Man, 1803, p. 217, tigs. p. 218. 1861. Pisidinm amnicum, var. sulcatum: S. V. Wood, Crag Moll, ii, p.llO. 1864. Pisidium aiitiquum, n. sp. : Von Martens, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. xvi, p. 349. {Non Braun, 1851.] 1880. Pisidium astartoides, Sandberger, Palaeontographica, N. F. vii. ( = xxvii), p. 96, pi. xii, f. 1-1 e. This fossil species seems to have been first detected in the Fresh- water Beds at West Bunton, Norfolk, in 1840 by Sir C. Lyell who figured it (102, p. 364) with a query as a variety of P. amnicum^ and noted its presence also at Grays. Later on he recognized the same form as occurring at Ilford (103, pp. 217-218). Dr. S. P. Woodward included it in his collection with strongly striate specimens of P. amnicum from Grajs under the name P. sulcatum. Its specific distinctness was first held by Von Martens (108, p. 349), but unfortunately the name antiquum which he bestowed * Not riiocene as erroneously recorded by Kennard and Woodward (87, p. 202). 28 CATALOGUE OF on it was preoccui)ied by A. Bniun (24, p. 1116) for a Miocene form, subsequently figured by Sandberger (153, pi. xxvi, f. 7), so that its present name conferred by Dr. F. Sandberger in 1S80 (154 a, p. 96) stands. His description, founded on specimens from the original locality of West Ruiiton, reads : — " Testa solida, subcordiformis, cxtus costis concentricis imbricatis distantibus ornata, sulcis latis subtiliter striatis disjunctis. Umbones lati, depressi, subraediani ; fossula liga- mentalis brevis, sat profunda. In valva dextra dens cardinalis posticus tenuis obliquus et anticus bitidus, compresso-trangu- laris, in sinistra posticus tenuis arcuatus et anticus crassus bifidus, obtuso-triangularis conspiciuntur. Dentes laterales diversi, inferi in valvis ambabus conformes, obtuso- triangu- lares prominuli, superi in dextra solum con spicui et fossulis sinistrse excepti parvuli, obtusi. Alt. 7, Long. 9, Crass. 5 mm.'*' It will be noticed that Sandberger has confused the left and right valves, forgetting for the moment the peculiar conformation of the shell in this genus, and further deceived by the deep notch in the cardinal tooth (3) of the right valve describes it as two. The details of the hinge are as follows : — Hinge (ri. I, f. 2 ; III, f. 2) about | the length of the shell, broad, not projecting much inwards save at the umbo, strong, well curved, with two marked flexures in the right valve. 11. V. a. T. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, very stout and strong, curving inwards ; base very strong and swollen, especially on the umbonal side ; apex central, very prominent, inclined inA\ards, rounded obtuse; rkUjes rounded, sloping about equally and not very steeply, the umbonal descending a little lower than the distal. a. III. about half the length of a. /., from which it is separated by a deep sulcus, stout, strong, erect, curving with the shell-margin ; apex about central, prominent, rounded obtuse ; ridges somewhat rounded, descending about equally and fairly gradually. 3. sharply curved and flexed, strong, prominent, flat- topped, notched at the angle, a slanting diagonally forwards across the hinge-plate, h similarly inclined backwards, slightly wedge-shaped and deeply sulcate. p. I. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, fairly stout, very strong, distal end curving inwards ; base very strong, slightly swollen ; apex central, very prominent rounded obtuse; ridges somewhat rounded, descending about equally and fairly steeply. p. III. about I the length of p. /., to which it is slightly inclined, their umbonal extremities tending to become confluent, SPECIES OF nsiDIUM. 29 rather narrow, erect, curving with the shcU-raargin ; apex central, proniincnt, rounded obtuse; ridcjes some- what rounded, descending about equally and fairly gradually. L. V. a. //. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, stout, very strong, straight; base very strong and swollen; ape.v central, exceedingly prominent, pointed obtuse ; ridges fairly sharp, descending about equally, at first steeply, then very gradually. 2. very prominent, triangular in the young shell, base continuous with ti at of a. iif.^ apex pointing to the umbo ; with growth the sides of the triangle fold back more and more till they form a wedge-shaped pro- minence closely resembling S h in the opposite valve ; in very old shells the mark of the fold becomes obliterated. 4. lamelliform, sharp, running diagonally backwards across the hinge-plate from the umbo.. 2>. //. less than 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, curving with the shell-margin ; base strong, slightly swollen; apex central, exceedingly prominent, rounded obtuse; r'uUjes sharp, descending about equally, fairly steeply at first, then becoming almost horizontal.* The finest examples seem to come from the Cromerian at West llunton, one from the peat measuring Long. 9*4, Alt. 9, Crass. 0*6 mm., whilst one from the gravel is 9 x 9*3 X 5 mm. The speci- mens from Grays rank next in size. The species may readily be distinguished from its close ally P. amnicum by its rounder outline and by the greater strength of the external striae which stand up boldly especially on the very umbo (PI. X, f. 7), whereas in P. amnicum they are by no means strongly marked on the young shell even in the strongly striated examples from Grays (cf. PI. V, f. 9 & 10). In the hinge of the right valve the paired lateral teeth are not so parallel as in amnicum but curve towards each other enclosing a very deep fossa, whilst in the left valve the cardinals 2 and 4 are separated by a deeper fossa than in amnicum^ and ^ is not so sharp pointed. P. astartoides does not show any extreme variation in form as do some of the other species of the genus. The earlier forms from the Cromerian, both from the peat (PI. X, f. 4) and from the gravel (PI. XI, f. 1 ; XII, f. 8), are the rounder and the more strongly sculptured. Specimens obtained at Swanscombe (PI. XT, f. 2 ; XII, f. 1) come next ; but are more finely sculptured. At Grays the form tends to become ovate-trigonal (PI. X, f. 3; XII, f. 2); whilst at Crayford-Erith (PI. IX, f. 1 ; XII, f. 4) they are far more oval, the extreme in this direction being met with at Clacton (PI. X, f. 2 ; XII, f. 5). 30 CATALOGUE OP DISTRIBUTION. SI 01 HB M N8 CA 88 RW RE EL BF AN Wl El PN AS AM PM FF Kl DN 8G PC KF t B ' CT RF LL ED HD AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB DF 8K RX 8N FE TY AR DO CU WL NY DM WM 8L LE MO ML MY EY EM RO CV LH SL WY SY LN WG NG LF WH ME CR D3 FT CH DY NM L8 :8G KG KD DU MN MG SP ST LR CB WN EN ' CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU W8 L2 NK LK ST KK WX PB CM BR G E OX BX BD HT NF SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK MX SJ WC N8 SW NH SR-WK EK ND 88 DT SH WX EX EC SD IW SO WC CI Plsidium astartoides. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For tlie explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) PLEISTOCENE. London. — %. N.E. London [B.M.— L. 580o] ; Clapton [B. B.W.]; Hackney [B. B. W.]. Essex, Nokth. — NE. Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6683 & 6685] [M. P. G.]. Essex, South. — SE. Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. 44553 & L. 7931] [M. P. G.] ; Ilford [B.M.— L. 10041] [M. P. G.]. Kent, West.— WK. Crayford and Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 18606 (figd.)] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 31 CROMERIAN. Norfolk, East.— EN. Cromer, to west of [M. P. G.] ; West Runton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [M. r. G.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Kessingland [M. P. G.]. PLIOCENE. Norfolk, East. — EN. Bramerton Comraou [N. M.]. The first record of this species on the Continent appears to have heen due, as already noted, to E. Von Martens, who described it in 1864 (108, p. 340) under the name of P. antiquum^ from deposits on the banks of the Jrtisch, near Omsk. In Denmark it has been found in Pleistocene deposits at Forslevgaard (Sjaelland) and Copen- hagen (Johansen, 85, pp. 9, 57, 58 & 67). The late Dr. Boettger possessed specimens from the Pleistocene (Mosbach Sand) at Messel (near Darmstadt) and Schiersteiu-a.- lihein (near Wiesbaden) ; while Dr. Wiist has further recorded it (196) from Mosbach (near Wiesbaden) itself, Mauer (near Heidel- berg) and Hohensachsen (near W^ciubeim-an-der-Bergstrasse). 3. Pisidium casertanum (Poll). [Pis. I, f. 3-6 ; III, f. 3 ; XIII.-XVIII.] 1791. Cardinm casertanum : Poll, Test. utr. Sicilise, i, ord. ii., p. 65, pi. xtI f. 1. 1826. Cyclas vitrea, n. : Risso, Ilist. Nat. Europe m^rid. iv, p. 338. 1830. Cyclas prisca, m. : Eichwald, Naturh. Skizze von Lilhauen, p. 207. 1836. risidium nustrale, n. sp. : Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicilise, i, p. 39, pi. xiv, f. 11. [Cf. PI. XIII, I 32 ; XV, f. 13.] 1838. Pisidium cinereinn: Alder, Trans. Nat. Ilist. Soc. Northumbld., ii, p. 341. [Cf. PI. XIII, f. 10 & 16 ; XV, f . 7 & 10.] 1840. GaWeja tenebrosa, n. gen., n. sp. : Costa, Faun. Sicil. i, Moll. p. 1, pi. i, f. 2 a, A, B. [PI. XIII, f. 27 ; XV, f. 18.] 1843. Cyclas cinerea, Alder : Hauley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 91. Pisidium roseum, m. : Scholtz, Schlesien's Moll. p. 140 : P. fontinale, b. rosevm, id., oj). cit. suppt. (1853) p. 16. [PI. Xlll. f. 9 XV, f. 11.] 1844. Cyclas lenticuluris, nob. : Normand, Notice Cyclades Valenciennes, p. 8, pi. f. 7 & 8. [_Cf. PI. XIII, f. 29 ; XVI, f. 10.] [Cf. spe- cimens from Baudon in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22330-35.1 1846. Pisidium zV^/'ewm, Pfeiffer: Verany in " Descrizione di Geneva, i, pt. 2, p. 93. 1849. Pisidium limosum, nob. : Gassies, Tabl. Moll. Agenais, p. 206, pi. ii, Pisidimn amnicitm, Jenyns: var. B. nitida? spec. nov. ; id., tcm. cit. p. 208 [ = intermedium, Gassies, v. infra']. Pisidium caliculatum : Dupuy, Cat. extram. Galliae Test. [4] No. 229; id., Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 084, pi. xxx, f. 4. 32 CATALOGTE OP 1849. Pisldiujyi iratiimum : id, loc. at. No. 234. (A sjn. for P. c'mereum, id., Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 683.) Pimlium thennale : id., loc. cit. No. 238; id., Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. C)82, pi. xxx, f. 6. \_Cf. specimens from Dapuy in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22346-49.] 1852. Pisidium lentlculare, Norm. : Dnpiij, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, p. 680, pi. xxx, f. 2. [^Cf. specimens from Clessin & Baudon in Norman Coll., B.IVl. 98. 5. 20 : 22321-35.] Pisidium pulchelliim [7ion Jenyns] : id., op. cit. p. 638, pi. xxx, f. 5. Pisidium priscum, m. : Eichwald, Lethgea Rossica, iii, p. 87, pi. v, f. 8 a-c. 1854. Pisidium grateloupiamim, nob. : Normand, Coup d'oeil Cyclades Nord, p. 4. Pisum cnsertanum, Poli : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mas. ii, p. 275. Pisum vitreum, Hisso [pars'] : id , loc. cit. Pisum lentictdare. Norm. : id., torn. cit. p. 280. Pisum austrnle, Phil. : id., to7)i. cit. p. 276. 1855. Pisidium intermedium, nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XX, p. 338, pi. i, f. 4. [Olim Pisidiwn amnicnm, Jenyns, var. B. nitida Gassies, q. v. supra.'] \_Cf. specimens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20: 22403-10.] Pisidium pallidum, nob. : id., torn cit. p. 343, pi. i, f. 10. \_Cf. specimans in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22429-34.] 1856. Pisidium amnicum, vars. e. nitidum., (. intermedium, r).gratelupeanum [sic] : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 583. Pisidium cazertanum, Poli : id., tom. cit. p. 584. 1857. Pisidiwn amnicum, var. grateloupianum. Norm. : Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, pp. 349 tfc 355, pi. iv, f. E. 1858. Musculium australe, Phil.: Adams, Gen. Eec. Moll, ii, p. 451. Musculium casertanum, Poli : id., tom. cit. p. 451 Musculium lenticulare, Normand : id., torn. cit. p. 451. Pistim lenticulare, Normand : id., tom. cit. p. 660, Muscidium roseum, Scholtz : id., tom. cit, p. 452. Pisum roseum, Scholtz : id., tom. cit. p. 660. Musculiutn tenebrosa [sic], Ua Costa : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 452. Pisum tenebrosa [sic], Da Costa : id., tom. cit. p. 660. • Muscidium vitreum, Risso : id., tom. cit. p. 452. • Pisum vitreum, Risso : id., tom. cit. p. 660. 1859. Pisidium casertanum, var. B. limosum [sic] : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxii, p. 301. Pisidium hensloioianum, var. cinerea : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ill, iii, p. 37. Pisidium pusillum, var. casertana : id., loc. cit. 1862. Pisidium font inale, var. cinerea: Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i, p. 21. Pisidium cuneatum: Bielz, Verhandl. Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. xiii, p. 220. [Cf. specimens from Bielz in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22261-7.] 1873. Pisidium ibericum, n sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Bliitt. xx, p. 20, pi. i, f. 4. Pisidium fossarimim, Cless. : id. in Westerlund, Fauna Moll. Sveciae, &c., p. 544. 1874. Pisidium obliquatum, n. sp. : id. in Fedcheiiko, Izvyest. imp. Obsbchest. Lyublt, Estestvoz. Antrop. T Etnogr. Moskva, xi, vuip. 1, p. 36, pi. iii, f. 31. Pisidium acuminatum, n. sp. : id., op. cit. p. 37, pi. iii, f. 32. SPKCIKS OF PISIDRM. 33 1874, Pisidiuvi pulchellum, Jeiiyns : id. iu Kiister, Syst, Concli.-Cab, i:{, abth. 3, Cvcladeen, p. 23, pi. ii, f. 1-3-15 [won Jeiiyns]. ? Pindium Jiispanicum, Clesi'siii : id., op. cit. p. 37, pi. iv, f, 4-6, ? Pisidium moreanum, Clessin : mA, op. cit. p. 38, pi. iv, f. 7-9. ? Pisidiuin heldreichiiy Clessin : id., op. cit. p. 38, pi. iv, f, 10-J2, Pisidium italicum. Clessin : id.^ op, cit, p. 40 pi. iv, f. 16-18, [Cy. specimens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22403-10.] Pisidium rimilare, Clessin: id., op. cit. p. 30, pi. iii, f. 7-11. [Specimens from the author in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22503-06.] 1876. Pisidium sordellicmwn [n. sp.] : Pini, Bull. Soc. Malac, Ital. ii, p. 185. IHsidium 7iordenskioldi, nov. pp. : Clessin in Westerlund, Nacli- richtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Gesell. viii, p. 103 ; id., Ji. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl. ii, xiv, No. 12, p. 6S [pi, f. 20]. Pisidiuyn sibiricum, nov. sp. : id., in Westerlund, Nachrichts\)l. Deutsch. Malako?. Gesell. viii, p, 103 ; id., K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl. II, xiv, No. 12, p. 69 [pi. f. 211 ^ Pisidium horeale, nov. sp. : id., in We!=terlurd, Naclivichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakog. Gesell, viii, p. 103 ; id., K. Svei^sk. Vet.-Akad. Ilandl. II, xiv, No. 12, p. 70 [pi. f. 23]. 1877. Pisidium herminii, Welwitsch : id. in Kiister, Syst. Conch.-Cab. ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 61, pi. vii, f. 12-14. Pisidium ovatum, n. sp. : id., op. cit. pi. viji, f, 22-24. {Cf, speci- mens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22399-40^.] 1880. Pisidium taryionianus [s/c] : Paulucci, BuH- Soc. JMalac. Ital. vi, p. 176. 1888. Pisidium lindstroeini, li. ?\). : Cletsin, O^vers. K. Vet.-Akad. Ilnndl. Stockholm, 1888, p. 340, fi. /., narrow, erect ; apex central, prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridyes compressed, slojnng about equally. L.V. a. II, about ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, nearly straight ; base strong and slightly swollen ; apex central, very prominent, acuminate ; ridyes fairly sharp, distal at first exceedingly steep, (hen nearly horizontal, umbonal sloping very steeply and descending to below the level of the distal. 2. very prominent, obtusely triangular, fairly parallel with the inner margin of the hinge-plate, base con- tinuous wiih that of a. 11., pointed apex directed slightly backwards. 4 very prominent, thin, sharp, flat-topped, at first fairly parallel to the shell-margin, then curving backwards round 2, and almost reaching the inner margin of the hinge-plate. p. If. about I the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, erect, straight ; base strong, scarcely swollen ; aj^cx 4G CATALOGUE OF near distal end, very prominent, and distally directed ; ridges slightly rounded, umbonal descending fairly rapidly, with slight convexity, distal exceedingly steep. Dimensions. — As given by Jenyns, translated into millimetres : Long. 3*5, Alt. 3, Crass. 2 mm. A specimen from Motiram St. Andrews (Cheshire) in Mr. Oldham's Collection attains 4 x 3*4 x 2-2, whilst another in the same collection from Dunster (Somerset) is 3-4x 3x2-3. Jenyns laid particular emphasis on the 3-5 deep cut striae surrounding the nepionic shell, which he states were more or less obvious in every specimen he had seen. These striae are certainly often a feature in the species but cannot be held characteristic of it since they are far from uncommon in P. pnsilhim^ in which, however, they are both coarser and ])laced wider apart.* The specimens sent by Jenyns to Hanley, which are in the British Museum collection (1907.12.30 : 519-519) are thmner tl.an the typical form. Its nearest ally is P. personatum, from which it may be distin- guished by its usually less rounded form, by the absence of the peculiar callus in the hinge characterizing that species, by tlie greater flexure of the cardinal {3) of the right valve, and the more oblique set of the cardinals 2 and 4 of the left valve. From small forms of P, casertanum^ it can be separated by the extreme anterior projection of the valves lying nearer to a lino drawn through the adductor scars, and by its somewhat more regular striatiou ; while the hinge is not so pronouncedly flexed, tlie apices of the lateral teeth of the right valve are nearer the umbones, the cardinal teeth of the left valve are more parallel to the hinge- line and 4 is not twisted. Contrasted with P. pusilh:m it is less aeqnilateral, the umbones are generally less prominent and the anterior dorsal margin usually slopes more sharply away from the umbo ; the hinge-plate is broader, especially under the umbo, and more flexed ; the apices of the lateral teeth are nearer to the umbo, and the outer laterals {a. III. & p. III.) of the right valve are proportionately much shorter; the cardinal 3 is flexed instead of nearly straight; in the left valve the cardinals are stronger and not so parallel to the hinge-line. The specimen figured (PI. XIX, f. 11) from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal, may be taken as an example of the typical form. Several similar ones may be noted among the fossil forms (PI. XIX, f- 25 «, 6 ; 31 a, 6 ; 31 d, e,f). Very rounded individuals are shown from Swinton, Lancashire (PI. XIX, f. 1 a, 6 & 17 rt, b), from Lochmaben, Dumfrie>shiie * This feature misled Jeffreys, for a set of P. pusillum iu the Norman Collection at, the British Museum marked " P. nitidum examined by Jeffreys " [1911. 10.26: 7826-45] exhibits this feature, and in other re.-pects also tallies closely with Jeffi'eys' description of P. niiidwm in his " British Conchology." SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 47 (PI. XIX, f. 15 a) and from Bohemia (PI. XIX. f. 12 a). Both the last two instances occur in association with an oval form (PI. XIX, f. 15 6 & 12 b) that outwardly resembles F, pusillum; as also do examples from Church Close, Mortehoe, Devon (PI. XIX, f. 10). An approach to P.personatum is seen in some specimens like those from Gt. Gaddesden, Herts (PI. XIX., f. 14 & 37 a, h). Trigonal forms recalling P. casertanum in miniature are those from Louth, Lincolnshire (PI. XIX, f. 25), Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire (PI. XIX, f. 29 a, b\ and the fossil example from the Holocene of Newbury (PI. XIX, f. 27). The amount of inflation varies from the normal as represented in the Lough Fern specimens (PI. XIX, f. 5) to the more tumid forms from Tenby (PI. XIX, f. 4) or in the direction of compression to that from the Lea Valley (PI. XIX, f. 7). DISTRIBUTION. 81 01 NS CA H6 M RW RE EL BF AN Wl El PN A8 AM PM FF Kl DN 8G PC KF ' CT ^ RF LL ED hd AY LA PE BW NN WO ED LD AN WT KB bF SK RX SN FE TY AR O CU WL NY DM WM SL LE MO ML MY EY EM RO CV LH SL WY 8Y LH we Nfi LP WH ME CK DB FT CH DY NM L8 SG KG £p DU MN MG 8P ST LR £§ WN EJ! C^L MT QC CW Wl CD RA HF Wg WW NO Hll js ^ NK U 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE 0J[ ^ BD UJ NE SK MC EC WA 6M MM 6W NW BJJ MX 8E WC NS ^ NH S_R-WK EK NO SS DT SH WX " E C SO I W 8C WC CI PisuHum nitidum. (Recent occuirences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) 48 CATALOGUE OF RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — E. Hampstead [J. E. C], Berkshire. — BK. Old Windsor [J. E. C.]. Buckinghamshire. — BX. Eton (R. Tiiames) [J. E. C] ; Iver [J. E. C] ; Weston Turville [J. E. C.]. Cheshire. — CH. Bickley [C. 0.] ; Birkenhead [E. R. S.] ; Budworth [A. S. K.] ; Knutsford [C. 0.] ; Mottram St. Andrew [C. 0.] ; Mouldaworth [J. E. C.]. Cornwall.— EC. & WC. Truro [B. B. W.]. Cumberland. — CU. Allouby [W. J. F.]; Ba^senthwaite [W. J. F.]. Devonshire, North, — ND. Morthoe district [J. L.]. Devonshire, South. — SD. Newton Abbot district [B. B. W.]. Durham.— DM. Cockerton (Darlington) [C. 0.]. Hampshire, South. — SH. Hoe Moor [J. E. C.]. Hertfordshire. — HT. Gt. Gaddesdcn [C. 0.] ; Lea River [W. M. W.J. Kent, East. — EK. Sissiughurst [A. S. K.]. Kent, West.— WK. Keston [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, South. — SL. Southport [E. R. S.]. Leicestkrshire. — LR. Glenfieid [C. 0.]. LiNCGLNSHIRE, NoRTH. LN. Caistor (Croxby Pond) [C. S. 8.] ; Linwode [C. S. C] ; Louth (Burwell Wood) [C. S. C] ; South Kelsev [C. S. C] ; Tathwell [C. S. C] ; Tetney [C. S. C.]. IVIlDDLI SEX.— MX. Colnbrook [J. E. C] ; Edgeware [J. E. C] ; Enfield [J. E. CI ; Stanmore [J. E. C.I ; Uxbridge [J. E. C.l ; West Dra\ ton [J. E. C.|. Norfolk, West. — WN. Castle Rising [J. E. C.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Long HandboroLigh [H. C. N.]. SPECIES OF pisiDirar, 49 Somersetshire, North. — NS. Portishead Moor & Kenn Moor [B.M. 53. 12 6 • 22-31 & 1911. 10. 20: 7804-09J; Walton Moor fB.M. 53.12.6- 32-41 & 1911.10. 26: 7738-41]. Somersetshire, South. — SS. Diinster [C. 0.]. Staffordshire. — ST. Cannock Chase [H. 0.]; Wolverhampton (Cstnal) [H. O.J. Suffolk, East. — ES, Blythburgh [A. S. K.] ; Mendlesham [A. M.J ; Wiilbcrswick [J. ill. CJ. Suffolk, West. — WS. Mildenhall [A. M,] ; Wetherden [A. M,]. Surrey. — SR. Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.]. Sussex, East. — EX. Bayham [A. S. K.] ; Pevensey Level [A, W. S.], Warwickshire. — WW. Sutton Coldfield district [H. O.J. Yorkshire, Soutu-West. — WY. Halifax [A. S. K.]. Isle of Man. — III. Near Ballaugh \F. T.], Isle op Wight. — IW. Sandown [H. C. N.]. WALES. Pembrokeshire. — PB. Tenby [W. M. W.] [J. E. CJ [H. C. N,]. SCOTLAND, Dumfries.— DP. Locbmaben [A. S. K.]. Haddingtonshire, — HD, Luffness Links [C, S.], Selkirk. — SK. Meigle Moss [A. S. K.], WiGTONSHlRE. WT. Whithorn [E, C], IRELAND, ' ^ Antrim, — AN, Belvoir Park, Belfast [D. M.] ; Dhu, L., Sallagh Braes (1100 feet) [A. W. S.] ; Kilcorrig [J. N. M.] ; Lagan [J. N. M.l ; Neagh, L. [J. W. J.]. ■■ -■ Clare. — CL. Cratloe Lakes [R. A. P.] ; Inishmore (Aran Is.) TB* A PI* Porteen, L. [F, T.J / L • g » 50 CATALOGUE OP Cork, Mid. — MC. Cork Park [11. A. P.] [A. S. K.] ; Inniscarra [E. A. P.]. Cork, West.— WC. Avanl, L. [K. H. J.] ; Clear, I. [11. A. P.]. Donegal. East. — ED. ?Bundoran [D. M.] ; Craigs [D. M.] ; ? Letlerkenny [D. M.] ; Tullynacross [H. T.] ; Yearty, L. [H. T.J. Donegal, West, — WD. Adeery, L. [H. T.] ; Fern, L. [J. X. M.] ; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.] ; ? Letterkenny [D. M.]. Down.— DO. Avoniel [D. M.] ; Lagan [J. K. M.]. Dublin.— DU. Milltown [R. A. P.] ; Rathfarnham [B.M. 1911 . 10. 26 : 7861- 62]. Fermanagh. — FE. Glencreawan, L. [H. T.] ; Tempo [D. M.] ; Tullylough More [H. T.] ; Vearty, L. [H. T.]. Galway, South. — SG. Oraiimore [R. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. B.] ; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.] Galway, West. — WG. Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterard [R. A. P.]. Kerry, South. — SK. Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.]. Leitrim. — LE. ? Bundroes [D. M.]. Limerick. — LK. Dromore [R. A. P.] Londonderry. — LD. Coolkeeragh [D. M.] [J. N. M.] ; Enagli, L. [J. ]^. M.] ; Rosser Bay [D. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.]. Louth. — LH. Ardee [J. N. M.]. Mayo, West. — Wlff. AchiU, I. [A. W. S.]; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Dooaghtry, L. [A. W. S.J ; Inishturk [A. W. S.J ; Louisburgh district [A. W. S.J. MONAGHAN. — MO. Glaslough [D. M.]. Queen's County, — Q,C. Rathdowney [R. A. P.], Roscommon. — RO. Bushey Park [D. M.] ; Woote Park [D. M.J. Sltgo,— SL. Talt, L. [A.S. K.1. TippERAEY, North. — NT. Finnoe [D. M.J. Wexford, — WX. Enniscorthy [R. A. P.] ; Rosslare [R. A. P.J. SPKCItS OF nsiDIL'M. 51 FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. LONBOX. — H. Between Canning Town & Stratford [B.M.—L. 100-^6 pars]; Chingford [A. S. K.] ; New Scotland Yard [E. B. ^V.] ; London Wall [A. S. K.] ; Shnnd Street [A. S. K.] ; London County Council Hall, Westminster Bridge Road [A. S. K.] : Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B, B. W.] fB.M.— L. 073(5-7 & 6750] ; AVestminster [B. B. W.]. Berkshire. — BK. Xcwbury [A, S. K.] [B^L— L. 13217 pars]; Wallin-ford (Bed A) [A. S. K.J. Bucking HAMSHr HE. — BX. Bovcney [J. E. C], KssEX, North. — NE. lioxwell [B.M.- L, 7638J. M I D n L KS HX . — MX. Ponder's End [A. S. K,]. OLOnCESTERSHIRK, WeST. GW. AVcstbiiry-on-Severn [A. S. K,J. Huntingdonshire. — HU. St. Ives [A. S, K.], Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.], r)x FORDS HI RE, — OX, Clifton-Hampden (Bed B) [A. S. K.J. Suffolk, E.vst. — ES. Blythburgh [A. S. K.J, Suffolk, West.— WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.J. Surrey. — SR. Near Staines [A. S, K.J. SCOTLAND. Edinburgh. — ED, Edinburgh (Gayfield) [M. l\ G.l. IRELAND. Clare.— CL. ?Ballyalla, L. [A. S.K.J; ? Corofin [A, S. K.J; Inchiquin, L. [A. S. K.J. Down. — 10. Hillsborough [A. W. S.J. FERMAN.iGH. FE. Magheragera [A. S. K.J. Galway, North. — NG. Clonbrock [A, S. K.] [D. M.J ; Menlough [A. S. K.]. Galwat, South. — SG. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.J. KlLDABE. — KD. Ballybetagh [A. S. K.J. £21 CATALOGUE OF King's CouNxr. — KC. Lusmagh [A. S. K.]. LlMEKICK. LK. Eliach, L. [A. S. K.] ; Uatlmrd [A. S. K.j. Essex, North, — NE. Copford [B. B. W.]. AGE DOUBTFUL. PLEISTOCENE. London. — H. Angel lid., ToUcnham (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. Bedfordshire. — BD. Biddenham [Prcslwicli CoH., B.M.— L. 239G3]. Cambkidgeshire. — CB. Barnwell [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [?B.M.— L. 5709, 14931]; Bariington [A. S. K.]. Essex, South. — SE. Ilford [A. S. K.]. II krtfokdsh I re. — HT. Hitchin [M. P. G. 25707]. Kent, West.— WK. Cravford & Erith [A. S. K, & B. B. W.] : Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. AV.]. Middlesex. — MX. Bonder's End (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. Northamptonshire. — NO. Overton LongviUe [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23969]. Suffolk, East. — E3. Hoxne [M. P. G. 6048] ; Stutlon [A. S. K.]. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.]. Wiltshire, South. — SW. Fi.d & 33 a, b) and from the Holocene of the Kennet Valley (PI. XX, f. 26 A). Forms that approach the lake-form of P. casertanum in external shape are shown from Lancaster (PI. XX, f. 16) and Fair Head, Co. Antrim (PI. XX, f. 17). As an example of the normal inflation of the species may be taken that of a specimen from Barnes Common (PI. XX, f. 4) ; whilst Lancaster yields a flattened example (PI. XX, f. 5), and on the other hand extreme inflation is ex- hibited by specimens from Colchester (PI. XX, f. 7) and Ziegenhals, Silesia (PI. XX, f. 8). DISTRIBUTION. RECENT. EXOLANDJ London. — H. Barnes Common [B. B. AV.] [VV. M. W.] ; Hampstead [J. E. C] ; Putney [W. M. W.] ; Tottenham (11. Lea) [W. M. W.]. Cheshike. — CH. Bagulev [C. 0.] ; Bramhall [C. H. M.] ; Mobberley [C. 0.] ; Mouldsworth [A. S. K.] ; Northenden [C. 0.]. Cumberland. — CU. Bassenthwaite [\V. J. F.] ; Rockcliffe [J. L.]. Devonshire, Xortu. — ND. Braunton [J. L.] ; Croyde [J. L.] ; Morthoe district [J. L.]. Durham. — DM. Butterwick [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7949-61.]; Elwick [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7873-78]. Essex, North. — NE. Birch [W. M. W.] ; Colchester (?j [W. M. W.] ; AVest Bergholt [B.M. 47-11-19: 163-177]. Essex, South. — SE. Warley [W. M. W.], ^" CATALOGUE OP Gloucestershire, West. — GW Bristol [B. B. W.]. Hampshire, South. — SH. Pordingbridge [W. M. W.] ; Hambledon fW. M. Wl d niiidum, var. lateralis) ; Hoe Moor [J". E. C.l Hertpordshire. — HT. Watford [B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 91-94]. 01 NS CA HB SS ftW RE EL BF M Wl El PN AS AM PM FF Kl S ^^ DN 8G PC KF CT ^ RF LL ED «D AY LA PE BW NN WO EO LO AH VVT KB BF SK rx 8N ~- FE TY AR ^^ CU WL NY DM '**' 8L LE MO '^ ML MY EY EM RO CV LH SL WY SY IH ^^ N6 LP WM ME CR QB FT CH DY NM LS ^ KG KD OW MN MG SP ST LR CB WHEN C^ NT QC CW Wl ED RA HF WO WW NO HU W8 E8 NK tK 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE OX BX BD HTJ«E SK MC EC WA GM MM SW NW RK M;USE WC SCyvc NS SW NH SRTWKEK HO SS DT SH WX EX EC SD IW CI Pisidium personaium. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) Isle OP Wight.— IW. [B.M. 1911.10.20: 7775-931 Kent, West. — WK. Keston [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Lancaster [A. S. K.] ; Scotforth [C. 0.] ; Silverdale [A. S. K.]. SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 57 Lancashire, Souxn.—SL. Ashtoii-under-Lyne [C. 0.]; Oldham [B. B. W.] ; ^'outhport [1\ 11.] ; Swinton [C. 0.] [A. S. K.]. Leicestekshire. — LR. Aylestone [C. ().]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Louth (Burwell Wood) [C. S. C] ; lluckland [C. S. C] ; Tathwell (Maltby Wood) [C. S. C.]. Norfolk, West.— WN. East Winch [B. B. W.]. North AMI»'I0^'8HJ re. — NO. Kettering (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Chiltons, near Shirburn [H. C. N.] ; Oxford [H. C. N.] ; Yaruton [H. C. N.]. Somersetshire, North. — NS. Clevedon and Kenn Moor [B.M. 53. 12. 6 : 42-52 ^ars & 1911. 10.26: 7909-28.]. Surrey. — SR. Lingfield[VV.M. W.]. Sussex, East. — EX. Bayham [A. S. K.] ; Lewes [C. 0.]. Sussex, West. — WX. Bognor [H. 0.]. Warwickshire. — WW. Ashfurlong [H. 0.] ; Sutton Coldfield [H. 0.]. Westmorland. — WL. Ambleside [B.M. 1911. 10. 2G: 7703]. Yorkshire, Mid- West. — MY. Beal [C. S.] ; Bishopthorpe [B. B. W.] ; York [W. M. W.] [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-148]. Yorkshire, North-East. — EY. York [W. M. W.] [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-148]. Yorkshire, South-East. — SY. Bishopthorpe [B. B. W.] ; Sigglesthorne Station [B. B. W.] ; York [W. M. W.] [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-148]. Yorkshire, South-West. — WY. Beal [C. S.] ; Halifax [A. S. K.] ; Huddersfield [B. B. W.]. SciLLY Is.-SC. [J. E. Le B. ToraUn.] WALES. Anglesey. — A. Cemmaes [C. 0.] ; Llyn Penryngwylanod [C. 0.]. €ardiganshire. — CD. Llyfrant [J. E. C.]. Carnarvonshire. — CR. Bwlch Gwynt, near Neyin [H. C. N.]. 58 CATALOG UK OF MERIONETHSniEE. — MN. Abeidovey [J. E. C] ; Arthog [J. E. C.]. Pembrokkshire. — PB. Tenby [W. M. W.] [H. C. N.]. SCOTLAND. Aberdeenshire, North & Softh. — AN. & AS. Aberdeen [B.M. 42-9-30 : 79-85]. Dumfriesshire. — DF. Lochmaben [A. S. K.]. Haddingtonshire. — HD. Luffness Links [C. S.]. ISLAY, &C. — I. Colonsay [K. H. J.]. Selkirkshire. — SK. Meigle Moss [A. S. K.]. SuTHERLANDSaiEE, SoUTH. SS. Brora [C. S.J. IRELAND. Antrim. — AN. Antrim (Six-Mile -Water) [J. N. M.] ; Brown's Bay [D. M.] ; Pair Head [J. N. M.] ; Glenshesk [D. M.] ; Kenlane [D. M.]. Clare. — CL. ? Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.]. Donegal, East. — ED. Meenaskeagh, L. [H. T.]. Donegal, West. — WD. Fern, L. [J. N. M.] ; Melmore (Lough & Mt.) [A. W. SI- Salt, L. [A. AV. S.] ; Tory, L. [A. W. S.]. Down. — DO. Newcastle [D. M.]. Dublin. — DU. Lambay [A. W. S.] ; Portraarnock [D. M.]. Galwat, South. — SC. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Loughrea [R. A. P.] ; Portumna [R. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.]. Galway, West. — WG. Mac Dara's I. [D. M.]. Kerry, South. — SK. Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.]. Limerick. — LK. Ballinacurra [F. T.]. Londonderry. — LD. Enagh, L. [J. N. M.] [D. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.]. Mayo, West. — WM. Achill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Cahir, I. [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Gencullin [A. W. S.] ; Louisburgh District [A. W. S.]. Westmeath. — WH. Mullingar [D. M.]» - 8rFCii:s OF risiDiUM. oO FOSSIL. HOLOCEXE. London. — %. Blacktiiars [B.M. -L. 0743]. Bekksuire. — BK. Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 13217 p«rs]. Essex, North. — NE. Chignal St. James [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] ; Eelstead Farm [B. B, AV.]. Gloucestershire, West. — GW. Wcstbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.]. SCOTLAND. Edinburgh. — ED. Ediiibursli (Corstorphine) [A. S. K.] ; Edinburgh (Meadows) [B.M. 98005 2)rtrs]. Kinross & Fife, — KF. Elie [A. S. K.]. IllELAND. Galway, North. — NGr. Meiilough [A. S. K.J. t AGE DOUBTFUL. Essex, North. — NE. Copford [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B,M. 14863; L. 6678-79] [M. P. G.]. PLEISTOCENE. Essex, North. — NE. Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. AV.]. Hun riNGDONs HIKE. — HU. Woodston [C. E. Y. K.]. This species is probably widely distributed abroad, though hitherto undetected. It occurs in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll. & Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22501-02], France and Germany [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.29: 22246-49; 22225-33 & 22259-601, Lake Lucerne [as P. ciessinij Surbeck, pa?**, Surbeok Coll.], Italy and Sicily [Bellini Coll. & Coll. Marquess de Monterosato], as well as in Euboea [Norman Coll., B.M. 08.5.20: 22274-76J. Fossil examples hare been recognized from the Pleistocene of Stuttgart [Wiist Coll.]. 00 CATALOGUE OF G. Pisidi-am pusillum (Graelin) Jenyiis. [Pis. I, f. 8; III, f. 4; XXI.] 1791. ? Tellina pusilla : Gmelin in Lina^, Syst. Nat. 13th ed , i, p. 3231, no. 16. 1822, Cyclas pusilla [pars] : Tiirton, Conch. Brit. p. 251, pi. xi, f. 16 & 17 ; id., Manual, 1831, p. 16, f. 7. Cyclas fontinalis, Lam, : Nilsson, Hist. Moll. Sveciae, p. 101. [JFide Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt. Samh. Ilandl. iii, 1855, p. 104.] 1 831 . Cyclas yibba, Leach MS, : Aider, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumbld. i, p, 41. {Cf. id. ii, 1838, p. 341,) 1832, Pisidiwn pusillum, Gmel. : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv, p. 302, pi. XX, f. 4-6. 1852. ? Euglesa hetisloiviana, Leach, Moll, Brit. Synop. p. 291. 1854. Pisum pusillum, Gmel.: Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit, Mus. ii, p.277. 1856. Pisidium cazertnnum, var. y. thennale : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 584. 1858. Musculium pusillum, Gmel. : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 452. 1871. Pisidium milium, \sn\ normandianum, Dupuy : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. xviii, p. 194. [Fide specimens from Clessin in Lindholm Coll.] 1899. Pisidium clessini, n. sp. [pars'] : Surbeck, Rev. Suisse Zool. vi, p. 482, pi. xii, f. 6-15. 1903. Corneocyclas (s. s.J pusilla, Gmel. : Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xvi, p. 7. 1908. Pisidium tornense, n, sp. : OJhner, Naturw. Untersuch. Sarek- gebirges, iv, p. 154, pi. iii, f. 9-13. "What the Tellina pusilla of Gmelin really was will now never be known ; he describes it (97, i. p. 3231) as : — *' T. testa ovata yentricosa, tenui transverse striata, cardine in altera valva edentulo, in altera dente primario duplici." He applies the name to a shell described in Schroter's "Geschichte dor Flussconchylien " (160, p. 194) as " Chama fluviatilis traus- versim striata subovata." The crude figure that accompanies this description (160, pi. iv, f. 7 a&b) represents a very strongly-striate shell that might be Pisidium pulchellum, but the shape of which suggests a young P. amnicum. Lister, Turton and others applied the name to the smaller forms of the genus without adequate discrimination and cannot be quoted. Jenyns, however, having adopted and applied the name to a well- defined form, his selection must be adhered to. His diagnosis (83, p. 303) is :— *' Testa variabilis, plerumque orbiculato-ovalis, interdum suboblonga margine dorsali recto, vix insequilateralis ; prae- cedenti [P. obtusale] multo magis compressa, marginibus acutis^ ssepius extranea rubigiue obtecta, qua remota, apparent SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 61 striae subtil issimse, non nisi oculo armato conspiciendse ; in var. y nitida, striis distinctis, profundiiis incisis; umbones siibdepressi, parum prominuli, interdum subacuti/' This fairly sums up the external characters. The particulars of llie hinge are as follows : — Hinge (PI. I, f. 8 ; III, f. 4) about | the length of the shell, narrow, especially so under the umbo, rather weak, strongly curved. R.V. a. I. about J the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, fairly strong, nearly straight; base fairly strong, slightly swollen ; ape-v near distal end, somewhat distally directed, not very prominent, very obtuse- pointed ; ridges sharp, distal descending first steeply, then gradually, umbonal fairly gradually to a lower level than the distal. a. in. about | the length of, and parallel to a. /., a deep sulcus lying between the two, narrow, straight ; apex about central, not very prominent, very obtuse-pointed ; ridges sharp and sloping about equally and gradually. 3. laraelliform, sharp, not very prominent, faintly arcuate, flat-topped, parallel with and close to the shell -margin, posterior end (6) slightly thickened, p. 7. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly strong, curving with the shell-margin, slightly outwardly directed; base strong; apea; near the distal end, not very prominent, very obtuse and rounded ; ridges sharp, umbonal sloping gradually, distal somewhat more steeply. p. III. about ^ the length of, and parallel to p. /., a deep sulcus dividing the two, narrow, straight ; apex about central, not very prominent, very obtuse and rounded, slightly outwardly inclined ; ridges sharp, sloping about equally and gradually. L.y. a. II, about ^ the length of the shell, very narrow, strong, straight ; base strong and straight ; aptex near distal end ; distally directed, very prominent, bluntly pointed ; ridges sharp, distal ridge descending very steeply at first, then gradually, umbonal fairly steep, descending to a lower level than the distal. 2. lamelliform, rather sharp, prominent, parallel with hinge-margin, top very flatly rounded, with faint trace of backwardly directed apex, base continuous with that of a. ir. Jf.. lamelliform, sharp, not very prominent, anterior por- tion parallel to ^, posterior curving slightly towards inner hinge-margin. p. II. about \ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, fairly strong, curving with the shell-margin, slightly 62 CATALOGUE OF oiitwardly directed ; hase fairly strong ; apex near distal end, prominent, pointed, obtuse ; ridges sharp, umbonal sloping gradually, distal very steeply. Dimensions. — A specimen from Walworth Wood (Londonderry) from the collection of Mr. J. jS". Milne measures : Long. 4, Alt. 3*4, Crass. 2*3 mm. ; from Comber (Down) from the same collection is one 4 X 3-2x2-2 mm. Jenyns distinguished two varieties : — /3 in which the umbones were more prominent, and y in which the striie were more pro- nounced ; these, however, are (piite immaterial distinctions in tlie light of present knowledge. His remark that "the shell is certainly somewhat intermediate in form betw^een that of Ci/clas [Spha'rlaiu] and Pisidium " is very apt, the comparative great length of the laterals a.m. and;?.///, as well as the shape recalling ISj^hccrium^ and usually serving to separate it from the other sjjecies of J^isidium. It may further be distinguished from P. j^ei'sonatum, whicli it frequently, and from P. nitiduin^ v\hich it sometimes, closely resembles in external form, by the hinge-characters. The liingc- plate is not so broad, the teeth are more slender, and the cardinals straighter and more parallel to the hin.ue-line than in either of those species. It of course lacks the callus peculiar to P. per- sonatum, and is more equivalve and oval than P. nitidum. The periostracum in perishing or lialf-dead shells is usually iridescent, an appearance less commonly met with in other species, and in shell-marls the umbones are very often broken away. The transition from the nepionic to the adult shell is frequently, as in P. nitidum, marked by a series of closer set, strongly marked stride, which are, however, both coarser and more wide apart tlian in the latter species. Of the numerous forms and variants figured, those from Tenby, Pembrokeshire (PI. XXI, f. 13 & 33 r/, h) are perhaps the most typical. The rounded form outwardly resembling P. per sonatum is represented from Ehosneigr, Anglesey (PI. XXI, f. 19), and from the Botanic Gardens at Naples (PI. XXI, f. 29 a-^) ; whilst the extremely elongate-oval is shown from Comber, Co. Down (PI. XXI, f. 14 ifc 38 a., b), and the River Po (PL XXI, f. 16 & 34 a, h). An approach to the trigonal form of P. caseriauHm is that from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry (PL XXI, f. 39 a, b). In degree of inflation this species varies greatly : the example from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim (PI. XXI, f. 6) is about normal. The extreme compression appears in specimens from Bracebridge, W^arwick (PL XXI, f. 4) and Kilcorrig, Co. Antrim (PL XXI, f. 5), whilst an abnormally tumid example is shown from Comber, Co. Down (PL XXI, f. 8). A case of abnormal dentition was met with in an individual from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry (PL XXI, f. 35 a, h), the left valve having two anterior lateral teeth. SPECIES OF PISIDIUif. 63 The specimens in the Hanley Collection (B.M. 1907. 12. 30 : 512-515) labelled ^' P. jyusillum, British," i^Toyed to he P. person- atum, and judging from the figure may have been utilized by Forbes and Hanley for their illustration (63, pi. xxxvii, f. 10). DISTRIBUTION. SI 01 N8 CA HB SS RW RE EL BF AN ^ Wl El PN AS AM PM FF Kl M DN SG PC KF \ ' CT "^ RF LL ED HO AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB DF 8K RX SN FE TY AR 00 CU WL NY DM WW SL LE MO "* ML MY EY EM RO CV LH SL WY 'SY LM we NG LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8 SG KC KD DjJ MN MQ SP ST LR CB WN EN CL HT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS ES NK LR ST KK WX PB CM BR GE OX y BD HT NE SR MC EC W\ GM MM GW NW BJf MX 8E WC MS 8W NH _S5^W_R ER "" MD 88 DT 8H WX EX EC SO IW 8C WC CI Pisidium 2)usil1um. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — %. Acton Green [C. S.] ; Barnes [J. E. C] ; Ealing [W. ^. W.]. Berkshire. — BK. CothiU [H. C. N.] ; Wendover Canal [C. O.]. L 64 CATALOGUE OF Buckinghamshire. — BX. Chesham [J. E. C] ; Halton [J. E. C] ; Iver [J. E. C] ; near Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C] ; Weston Turville [J. E. C.]. CAMBfilDGESniKE. CB. [Gray Coll., B.M. 1U12. 12. 5 : 56-58.] Cheshire. — CH. Ashley [C. 0.] ; Baguley [C. 0.] ; Birkenhead [T. E.] ; Bud- worth [A. S. K.] ; Knutsford [C. 0.] ; Marston (Northwich) [C. 0.] ; Northern EtcheUa [C. 0.] ; Peckham Mere [C. 0.] ; 8ale Meadows [C. 0.]. Cumberland. — CU. Ahbey Holme [J. L.] ; AUonby [W. J. E.] ; Bassenthwaite [W. J. E.] ; Blaithwaite [J. L.] ; Derwentwater [J. L.] ; Wreay [J. L.]. Devonshire, North. — ND. Morthoe district [J. L.]. Devonshire, South. — SD. Topsham [C. 0.]. DuRHAivr. — DM. Maiusforth [B.M. 191.1.10.26: 7942-45]. Hertfordshire. — HT. Broxbourue [J. E. C] ; Gt. Gaddesden [C. 0.] ; Marsworth lleservoir [C. 0.] ; Iliekmansworth [C. 0.] [J. E. C] ; Totteridge [J. E. C.]. Kent, East.— EK. Minster [J. E. C] ; Sissinghurst [A. S. K.]. Kent, West.— WK. Plumstead (Abbey Wood) [J. E. C.]. Lancashire, South. — LS, Southport [H. C. N.]; Tarleton [J. W. J.]. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone [C. 0.]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Alvingham (Louth Canal) [C. S. C] ; Caistor (Croxby Pond) [C. S. C] ; Cleatham [C. S. C.]. Middlesex. — MX. Hampton Court [J. E. C] ; Uxbridge [J. E. C] ; Yiewsley [J. E. C..]. Northumberland, South. — SN. Jesmond (Newcastle) [C. 0.]. Nottinghamshire. — NM. Hoveringham [C. 0.] ; Nottingham [C. 0.] ; Sutton [C. 0.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Marston Copse [H. C. N.] ; Kejectamenta of the R. Cherwell, Oxford [H. C. N.]. Shropshire.— SP. Church Stretton [H. 0.]. Somersetshire, North. — NS. Glastonbury [H. 0.]; Kenn [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7810-27]; Kenn Moor [B.M. 1911. 10.26: 7763-65]. SPKCIES OF rrsiDiuM. 65 Staffordshire. — ST. Barlaton [C. 0.] ; Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Cheadle [C. 0.] ; Gt. Barr Park [H. 0.] ; Hiinley [H. O.] ; WilleuhaU [H. 0.]. Surrey. — SR. Bytleet [W. M. W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Thames (Kew to Richmond) [W. M. W.]. Warwickshire. — WW. Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.] [W. M. W.]. Worcestershire. — WO. Chiines [C. 0.] ; Worcester [C. 0.] ; Yardley Wood [H. 0.]. Yorkshire, South-West. — WY. Halifax [W. Cash]. Isle of Man. — IM. [B.M. 59. 5. 23 : 12] ; near Ballaugh [F. T.]. Isle of Wight. — IW. Sandown [H. C. N.']. CHANNEL ISLANDS.— CI. Guernsey [J. E. C.]. WALES. Anglesey. — A. Cemmaes [C. S.]; Gaerwen [J. E. C.]; Holland Arms [J. E. C.]; Pentraeth [J. E. C] ; llhosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. C.]. Carnarvonshire. — CR. Flynnon Lloer (2250') [C. 0.]; Llynan Diwaunedd, Moel Siabod (12U8') [C. 0.]; Lly.iau Mymbyr (588') Capel Curig [C. 0.]. Pembrokeshire. — PB. Tenby [W. M. W.] [H. 0.]. SCOTLAND. Bute & Clyde Is. — B. Airan, Garbad, L. (900'), Urie, L. (ICOO') [K. H. J.]; Bute, Fad, L. [A. W. S.]. Dumfries.— DP. Lochraaben [A. S. K.]. Inverness, East. — EI. Ness, L. (at depth of 250'-700') [W. M. W.]. ' Kirkcudbrightshire. — KB. Creetown [E. C.]. Shetlands. — SI. Bressay [Carab.J. Wigtonshire. — WT. Whithorn [E. C], F 6Q CATALOGUE OF lUELAND. Antrim. — AN. Antrim (Six-Mile-Water) [D. M.] [J. N. M.] ; near Carnloug (Loughs, 1000', to W. of) [H. T.] ; Dhu, L., Sallagh Braes (1,100') [A. W.S.]; Drum Bridge [J. N.M.]; Glenshesk [D.M.]; Kilcorrig [J. N. M.] ; Lagan Canal [J. N. 3J.] ; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] [D. M.] ; Woodburn [1). M.] [A. S. K.]. Akmagh. — AR. Corrs Quarry [D. M.] ; Newry Estuary [D. M.]. Carlow.— CW. Tinnahinch [R. A. P.]. Clare. — CL. Jiallyvaughan [D. M.] ; Cratloe Lakes [11. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.] ; Ennistyraon [R. A. P.] ; Goller Lake [II. A. P.] ; Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.] ; Porteen, L. [P. T.]. Cork, West.— WC Avanl, L., GlengariiF [R. A. P.] [K. H. J.]; Coomerkane, L. [K. H. J.] ; Mt. Gabriel [R. A. P., very ovalj. Donegal, East. — ED. Acapple, L. [H. T.]; Aghvog, L. [H. T.]; Awaddy, L. [H. T.]; Ballywara, L. [H. T.] ; Columbkille [H. T.] ; Derg, L. [H. T.] ; Ead, L. [J. N. M.] ; Lee, L. [H. T.]. Donegal, West. — WD. Carnboy, L. [A. S. K.] ; Eern, L. [J. N. M.] ; More, L. [A. W. S.]: Purt, L., Dunfanaghy [D. M.]; Rosapenua, L. [A. W. S.] [J. N. M.] ; Shivnagh, L. [fl. T.] : Tory I. [J. N. M.]. Down. — DO. Avoniel [D. M.] ; Comber [J. N. M.]; Drum Bridge [J. N. M.]; Lagan Canal [J. ^N^. M.] ; Newry Estuary [D. M.] ; Newtownards [J. N. M.] ; Portavoe [D. M.] ; Saintfield [J. N. M.]. Dublin. — DU. Milltown [R. A. P.] ; Portmarnock [D. M.] ; Sutton [D. M.]. Eermanagh. — FE. Awaddy, L. [H. T.] ; Bigwood (Rules Pond) [IT. T.] ; Derrin- trig, L. [H. T.] ; Enniskillen [A. S. K.] ; Eir, L. [H. T.] ; Glcn- creawan, L. [H. T.] ; Mallybreen, L. [H. T.] ; Meeuaghmore, L. [H. T.]; Nafeola, L. [H. T.] ; Navar, L. [H. T.] ; Scolban, L. [H. T.] ; Shean North, L. [H. T.] ; TuUy Lough [H. T.] ; Tully- lough More [H. T.] ; Tullynaloob, L. '[H. T.] ; Tully vogv, L. [H.T.]. Galway, North. — NG. Ballindooly [R. A. P.] ; Clonbrock [D. M.] ; Menlough [D. M.] [A. S. K.]. Galnvay, South. — SG. Atorisk, L. [R. A. P.]; Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.]; Kilniacduagh [R. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.] ; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.] ; Woodford (L. Atlee) [R. A. P.]. Galwat, West. — WG. Callow, L. [D. M.]; Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterard [R. A. P.]. I sPKCiEs OK risiDir.Af. 67 Kerry, South. — SK. Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.]. Li MK RICK. — LK. Dromore [R. A. P.]. LONDONDKRRY. — LD. Coolkeeragh [J. N. M.] ; Culmore [J. N. M.]; Enagh, L. [J. N. M.J ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.]. UxYo, West.— WM. Achill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Bunnamucka, L., near Newport [A. W. S.] ; near Carrowmore [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. S. K.] ; Crew- aghaiin, L., nr. Newport [A. W. 8.]; Dooaghtry, L. [A. W. S.] ; InishTurk[A.W. S.]; Mask, L. (120-160') [A. S. K.] ; lloonah, L., Louisburgh [A. W. S.]. MONAGHAN. MO. GJaslongh [D. M.] ; Ross, L. [J. N. M.]. Queen's County. — CIC. Nut Grove [D. M.] ; Rathdowney [R. A. P.]. S'ligo. — SL. Cliffoney [D. M.] ; Collooney [D. M.]; Talt, L. [A. S. K.]. Tii'FEKAEY, North. — NT. Cloughjordan [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.] ; Finnoe [D. M.]. TippERARY, South. — ST. Thurles[R. A. P.]. Waterford. — WA. Near Waterford [A. W. S.]. Westmeath. — WH. Drill, L., :N[ullingar [A. W. S.]. Wexford. — WX. Enniscorthy [R. A. P.]. I FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. London. — %. Jietween Canning Town & Stratford [B.M.— 10046 ^jar*] ; I Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Lea VaUey [A. S. K.] ; London County Council Hall, Westminster Bridge Road [A. S. K.] ; London Wall [A. S. K.] ; New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.] ; Shand St. (Bed B) [A. S. K.J ; West India Docks [M. P. G.]. Berkshire. — BK. Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Buckinghamshire.— BX. Boveney [J. E. C.]. Essex, North. — NE. Shalford [A. S. K.]. Essex, South. — SE. Dagenham [A. S. K.]. Gloucestershire, West. — GW. Westbury-on-Sevem [A. S. K.]. f2 68 CATALOGUE OF Hertfordshire. — HT. Hitchin [A. S. K.]. Huntingdonshire. — HU. 8t. Ives [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Hawes Waier, Silverdale [A. S. K.] [J. W. J.] ; Warton Crng {Bog Holes) [J. W. J.]. Middlesex. — MX. Uxbridge [A. S. K.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Blythburgh [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.]. SUJUIEY. — SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.]. SCOTLAND. Edinburgh. — ED. Edinburgh (Corstorphine) [A. S. K.]; (Meadows) [B.M. 98005 pars], Kinross & Fife. — KP. Elie [A. S. K.]. IRELAND. Antrim. — AN. Megaberry [A. W. S.]. Clare.— CL. Caherbene, L. [A. S. K.] ; Inchiquin, L. [A. S. K.] ; Monana, L. [A. S. K.] ; Rinro [A. S. K.J. Down.— DO. ? Ballyfinder [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.]. Dublin. — DU. Dunsoughly [A. S. K.]. Fermanagh. — PE. Carra, L. [A. S. K.] ; Kilnamadoo [A. S. K.] ; Magheragera [A. S. K.]. Galway, North. — NG. Clonbrock [D. M.] ; Menlough [A. S. K.]. Galwat, South. — SGr. B:dlinasloe [K,. A. P.] ; Portumna [R. A. P.]. King's County. — KC. Eglish [A. S. K.]. Mayo, East.— EM. Lakelands [A. S. K.] ; Manulla Junction [A. W. S.]. Meath. — ME. ?Kell8 [A. S. K.]; Mentrim, L. [A. S. K.]. SPECIES or PISIDIUM. 69 AGE DOUBTFUL. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Chatteris [Piestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23951]. Essex, North.— NE. Copford [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. 14862 pars & L. 6678 & 18610] [M. P. G.]; Kaine [B.M.— L. 6680]. WORCESTEKSHIRE. WO. Defford [Prestwich Coll. : B.M.— L. 23954]. PLEISTOCENE. London. — E. Shacklewell Lane [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23976]. Bedfordshire. — BD. Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23964]. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Barnwell [A. S. K.]. Essex, South. — SE. Ilford [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Huntingdonshire. — HU. Woodston [C. E. Y. K.]. Kent, West.— WK. Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Middlesex. — MX. Ponders End (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. Northamptonshire. — NO. Overton Longvjlle [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23970]. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.]. Worcestershire. — WO. Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Bricklehampton, near Pershore [A. S. K.]. CROMERIAN. Norfolk, East. — EN. West Runtou [A. S. K.] [M. P. G.]. This species is so imperfectly known on the Continent that one can only give the localities whence it has been personally recog- nized. These, however, show that it is widely spread : they are : — Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], Bavaria and Transylvania [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22272-3; 22548-9 &* 22550-2], Lake Lucerne (63-120 m.) described as P. clessini, Surbeck (168, p. 482) *, Eiver Po, also Naples and Sicily [Bellini Coll.]. As a fossil it has been met with in the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels], * Many of Clessin's species from the deep waters of Swiss lakes probably also belong to this species. 70 CATALOGUE OF 7. Pisidium milium. Held. [Pis. II, f. 10 ; IV, f . 3 ; XXIX, f. 7-30.] 1832. Pisidium pulchellum, var. 5 : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. See. iv, p. 306, pi. xxi, f. 4 & 5. 1836. Pisidium milium : Held, Isis, 1836, col. 281. IFide Clessin, Malak. Blatt. xviii, 1871, 190 ; xix, pi. i, f. 1.] 1849. Pisidium gassiesianum : Dupiiv, Cat. extram. Gallite Test. [Feb., 18491 [p. 4] No. 232 : Gassies, Tabl. Moll. Agenais [Mar., 1849] p. 207, pi. ii, f. 11; Dupuy, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 685, pi. XXX. f. 7. Pisidium normandicmum : Dnpuv, Cat. extram. Gallise Test. [p. 4] No. 235; id., Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 686, pi. xxxi, f. 1. 1854. Pisidium tetragomim, Nob. : Normand, Coup d'oeil Cyclades Nord, p. 5. 1855. Pisidium haudonianum, P. de Cess. : Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. La Creuse, ii, p. 74. Pisidium arcceforme, n. sp. : Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. «& Vitt. Samh. Handl., N.F. iii, p. 101, figs. 1856. Pisidium cazertanum, c. normandianum & r). gassiesianum : Moquin- Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll France, ii, pp. 584 & 585. Pisidium pusillum, 8. alligatum, Baudon MS. : Baudon in Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, li, p. 587. Pisidium pusillum, f. quadrilaterum, Baudon ISIS.: id., loc. cit.'^ Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857, p. 383, pi. i, f. D. 1857. Pisidii/m gassiesianum, var. C. alligata, nob. : Baudon, torn. cit. pp. 338 & 341, pi. ii, f. A. 1859. Pisidium roseum [Jeff, non'] Scholtz : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. in, vol. iii, p. 38, pi. ii, f. 3 a-c ; id., Brit Conch, i, 1862, p. 26. 1890. Pisidium casertanum, var. gassiesianum : Westerlund, Fauna palaarct. Region, vii, p. 28. That Jenyns failed to recognize the distinctness of this species when he wrote his Monograph is certainly strange, but the examples before him belonged curiously enough to the less common, rounded form. It has of course been long known that Jenyns' Pisidium pulchellum, var. h was the form in question, and s])ecimens so marked and endorsed on the bottom of the box " These speci- mens examined and pronounced correct by llevd. L. Jenyns " from, the late C. Ashford's collection were in the possession of the late llev. R. Ashington Bullen. ^s already mentioned {ante, p. 8) Held's name has been adopted for this form on the testimony of Clessin, for, as will be seen, the original diagnosis (77, col. 281 ) is very scanty, it reads : — '* P. testa globosa,subtrigono-rotandata, albicante, pellucida, striata, margine sub-hebetata, natibus prominulis, retusis." In 1849 it was recognized in France, and between that date and 1857 variously described under different names. From these descriptions Baudon's (9, p . 339) may be taken as being the best : — "Concha tetragona, antice pra3sertim parum elongata, sub- ventricosa, subobliqua, nitida, corneo-lutea aut flavidula; margine subrecto ; apice rotundato, prominente, striis regu- laribus, aliis crassis, aliis tcnuibus. Caidine recto, tenui : sn:ciKs OF risTDiijr. 71 dentibus cardinalibus rainimis, scepe subnulHs lateralibus compressis, vix prominulis, ligamento brevi, minimo." The further description of the hinge- characterb necessary to ipplement the above is as follows : — Hinge (PI. II, f. 10 ; IV, f. 3) about f the length of the shell, fairly strong, narrow, especially the middle third under the umbo, projecting slightly inwards, slightly curved, with two flexures. li.V. a. I. about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, slightly bowed inwards; base strong, straight; apex near distal end, prominent, bluntly obtuse ; rid;/es fairly sharp, about equally steep, the umbonal de- scending about twice as low as the distal. a. in. about ^ the length of, and parallel to a. /., straight, narrow, outwardly inclined ; apex central, very obtuse- pointed ; ridges sharp and descending equally and gradually. 3. laraelliform, sharp, not very prominent, flat-topped, faintly arcuate, parallel with the shell-margin. p. I. about \ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, strong, faintly bowed inwards ; base fairly strong, shelving down into the shell-wall ; apex near distal end, not very prominent, ])ointed, obtuse ; ridges some- what rounded, uinbonal descending gradually to a lower level than the distal which is somewhat steeper. p. in. about i the length of, and parallel to p. 7., narrow, somewhat outwardly inclined ; ape.v distal side of centre, not very prominent; ridges sloping fairly gradually and equally. L.V. a. II. about | the length of the hinge-line, fairly narrow, slightly bowed inwards ; base strong, shelving down into the shell-wall ; apex distal side of centre, very prominent and acuminate ; ridges sharp, distal de- scending very steeply at first and then gradually, umbonal very steeply to a lower level than the distal. 2, prominent, very obtusely triangular, parallel with hinge-margin ; apex outwardly directed. j^. lamelliform, sharp, slightly arcuate, curving round and parallel to the apex of 2. p. II, about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, slightly inwardly bowed ; base strong, shelving down into shell-wall ; apex near distal end, very prominent, acuminate ; ridges sharp, umbonal sloping gradually, distal very steeply. Dimensions. — Held's specimens must have been very small, for his measurements converted into millimetres are : — Long. 1*8, Alt. 1-6, Crass. 1*5 mm. Baudon gives 2'o or 3x2-5 or 3x2-5 and Clessin 3*2 x 2-5 x 2-3 mm., but a specimen from Cemmaes Bay (Anglesey) is 3-6x3x2*7 and one in Mr. Oldham's collection from Dean Row, Wilmslow (Cheshire), attains 3*75 x 3 x 2*25 mm. 72 CATAr,0(}Ul] OP As a rule this species is recognizable at the first glance owing to its quadrangular shape (PI. XXIX, f. 16 a, 23 & 27). In the few instances in which it assumes a rounded exterior and approaches other species in form, it is at once known by the very narrow and fairly straight hinge-line and the slender cardinals which run in the direction of the hinge-line and in the left valve are parallel to each other. PI. XXIX, f. 22 shows one of the more rounded forms similar to Jenyns' Pisidium pulcJiellum, var. 3. Fig. 8 on the same plate shows an example whose inflation is a little in excess of the normal, fig. 9 one of maximum inflation and fig. 11 a flattened form. Pigs. 10 & 30 illustrate the peculiar variant of the species occurring in the Holocene at Gayfield, Edinburgh, in which the umbones are strangely pro- duced. DISTRIBUTION. SI 01 NS CA HB 88 s M RW Wl AM RE El PM SG EL BF PN AS FF Kl PC KF AN ' ' CT RF LL ^ KD AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB OF SK RX SN WM SL FJ LE TY MO AR DO IM CU WL NY MY DM EY we CL EM NG SG NT RO LE KC QC CV WH 15 CW LH ME DU Wl A CR DB FT MM M6 CD RA SL CH 8P HF WY DY ST WO SY NM LR WW LN L8 CB NO WN HU EM WS ES NK LK ST KK WX PB CM BR GE ox BX BD HT NE SK MC WC EC WA 6M MM L ND GW NS SS NW 8W DT BK NH SH MX SE SR?:.WK WX FX EK EC 8D IW 8C WC CI Pisidium milium. (Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 73 RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — %. Acton [J. E. C.]; Blackheath [B.M. 98.5.20: 22517-35 pars']; Eulham [T. R] [B.M. 85.8.16: 13-21]; Hampstead [J. E. C] ; Hendon [J. E. C.]. Berkshire. — BK. Old Windsor [J. E. C] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.]. BCCKINGHAMSHIRE. EX. Che»hara [J.'E. C] ; Denham [J. E. C] ; Halton Canal [J. E. C] ; near Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C.]. C'HKSniRE. — CH. Adlington [C. 0.] ; Alderley Edge [C. 0.] ; Ashley [C. 0.] ; l^aguley [C. 0.] [T. K.] ; Bredbury [C. 0.] ; Budworth [A. S. K.J ; Dean Row (Wilmslow) [C. 0.]; Kelsall [C. 0.]; Malpas [C. 0.] ; Northern Etchells [C. 0.] ; Romiley [C. 0.]. C'UMBERr.AND. CU. Blaithwaite [J. L.]; Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.] ; near Carlisle (?) [J. L.] ; Corby [J. L.]. Dkvonshire, North. — ND. Braiinton [J. L.] ; Morthoe district [J. L.]. DirUHAM. — DM. Mainsforth [B.M. 1911. 10. 26: 7939-41]. Essex, South. — SE. Chelmsford (R. Cann) [W. M. W.]. Hampshire, South. — SH. R. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7774] . He rtfordshire. — HT. Ashridge [C. 0.]; Broxbourne [J. E. C] ; Gt. Gaddesden [C. 0.] ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; Totteridge [J. E. C.]. Kent, West.— WK. Keston [A. S. K.] : Penshurst [A. S. K.] ; Plumstead [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, South. — SL. Liverpool [A. S. K.] ; Oldham [W. M. W.] [A. S. K.]. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone [C. 0.]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Caistor [C. S. C] ; Cleathem [C. S. C] ; Hanghara (Skirbeck) [C. S. C] ; Revesby [C. S. C] ; South Kelsey £C. S. C] ; Tath- well [C. S. C] ; Tetney [C. S. C.]. Middlesex. — MX. Bushey Park [J. E. C] ; Colnbrook [J. E. C] ; Edgeware [J. E. C] ; Enfield [J. E. C] ; Harefield [J. E. C] ; Ponder'3 End [J. E. C] ; Stanmore [J. E. C] ; West Drayton [J. E. C.]. Norfolk, East.— EN. Norwich [B. B. W.]. I /4 CATAT.OGOE OF Norfolk, West. — WN. Castle llising [J. E. C.]. Nottinghamshire. — NM. Hoveringham [C. 0.] ; Nottingham [C. 0.] ; Sutton [C. 0.] [T. 11.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. iMarstoii Ferry (R. Cherwell) [H. C. N.]. Somersetshire, Nokth. — NS. Glastonbury [H. 0.]; Kenn Moor [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7762]; Walton Moor [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7742-48]. Somersetshire, South. — SS. Dunster [C. 0.]. Staffordshire. —ST. Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Gt. Barr Park [H. 0.] ; near Stafford (Canal) [E. C] ; near Walsall [H. 0.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Blythburgh [A. S. K.] ; Lowestoft [A. M.] ; Southwold [J. E. C.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Santon Downham [A. M.]. Surrey. — SR. Dorking [B.M. 86. 7. 26 : 78-79] ; Cbertsey^Mead [B. B. W.] ; i Thames (Kew to llichmond) [W. M. W.]. 3, Warwickshire. — WW. , Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.]. ^ Yorkshire, North-East. — EY. Trenholm Bar [W. M. W.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-48]. : Yorkshire, Mid-West. — MY. Baildon [B. B. W.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-48]. : Y'^kshire, South-East. — SY. ' York [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-48]. Yorkshire, South- We^t. — WY. Ackworth [Ashford Coll.— R. A. Bullen]. Isle of Man. — IM. Near Ballangh [F. T.]. WALES. Anglesey. — A. Cemraaes [C. S.] [J. E. C] ; Gaerwen [J. E. C] ; Peniraeth [J. E. C] ; Rhosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. C.]. Carnarvonshire. — CR. Criccieth [J. E. C] ; Flynnon Lloer (2250') [C. 0.]. Glamorganshire. — GM. LlandafF [B. B. W.]. Merionethshire. — MN. Gwernen Lake [J. E. C.]. Pem drok eshire.— PB. Tenby [C. S.] [J. E. C] [H. C. N.]. SPECIES or PISILIUM. 4O CHANNEL ISLANDS.- CI. Guernsey [J. K. C.]. SCOTLAND. Bute, Arran, &c. — B. Fad, L., Bute [A. W. S.]. Dumfries. — DJ*. Lochmaben [A. S. K.]. ; Ha DDINGTONSniRE. — HD. Lufiness Links [C. S.J. ^IsLAY, &C. 1. Colonsuy (Killoran) [K. H. J.]. S±:lkirk. — SK. Meigle Moss [A. S. K.]. lEELAND. Antrim. — AN. Antrim (River) [D. M.] ; Belfast (Belvoir Pk.^ [D. M.] ; Glenavv, R. [D. M.] ; Glenshesk [D. M.] ; Lagan Canal [J. N. ^\.] [D. M.]; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] [D. M.] ; Portmoe Lake [D. M.J; Woodburn Dam [A. S. K.J. Carlow.— CW. Tinnahinch [R. A. P.J. Clare. — CL. Cratloe Lakes [R. A. P.J; Derg, L. [D. M.J; Dromoland [R. A. P.J ; Glenroe [D. M,J ; Goller Lake [R. A. P.J ; Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.J ; Porteen, L. [F. T.J. Cork, Mid.— MC. Cork Park ; Inniscarra [R. A. P.J. Cork, West.— WC. Clear, I. Donegal, East. — ED. Acapple, L. [H. T.J ; Acheson's, L. [H. T.J ; Fad, L. near MoviUe [D. M.J [J. N. M.J; Meenaskeagh, L. [H. T.J. Donegal, West — WD. Fern, L. [J. N. M.J; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.J; More, L. [A. W. S.J ; Rosapenna, L. [A. W. S.J [J. N. M.J. Down.— DO. Comber [J. N. M.J ; Gla^^mops, Comber [D. ^F.J ; Lajran Canal [J. N. M.J; Newtownaids [J. N. M.J; Portavoe [D. M.J; li. Quoile [D. M.J ; Saintfield [J. N. M.J. Dublin. — DU. Lambay I. [A. W. S.J. '6 CATALOGUE OP Feemanagh. — FE. Aguse More, L. [H. T.] ; Macroagh, L. [H. T.] ; TCafeola, L. [H. T.]; Nawalsky, L. [H. T.] ; 8colban, L. [H. T.] ; TiiUy Lough [H. T.] ; Tullylough More [H. T.] ; TuJlyvogy, L. [H. T.j. Galway, North. — NG. Ballindooly [11. A. P.] ; Ballymoe [D. M.] ; Menlough [D. M.] [A. S. K.]. Galway, South. — SGr. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.] ; Porturana [R. A. P.] ; Kea, L. [R. A. P.] ; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.J ; Wooddorf (L. Atlee) [R. A. P.]. Galway, West. — WG, Callow, L. [D. M.]; Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterard [R. A. P.] Kerry, North. — NK. Killarney [B.M. 59. 6. 16 : 6]. Kerey, South, — SK. Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.] ; Nagarriva, L. [R. A. P.]. KiLDAEE. — KD. Monasterevin [D. M.]. Londonderry. — LD. ? Castle Rock [U. M.] : Enagh, L. [J. N. M.] ; ^Yalworth Woods [J. N. M.]. Louth. — LH. Ardee [J. N. M.]. Mayo, West.— WM. Achill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Bunnamucka, L., near Newport [A. W. S.] ; Cahir, I. [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Cree- vaghaun, L., near Newport [A. W. S.] ; Dongan, L., near New- port [A. W. S.] ; luishturk [A. W. S.] ; S.W. Mayo [A. W. S.]. Monaghan. — MO. Glaslough [D. M.]. Queen's County. — dC. Nut Grove [D. M.J. Roscommon. — RO. Woote Park [J). M.]. Sligo. — SL. Castletown [D. M.]. Tipperaey, Noeth. — NT. Cloughjordan [R. A. P.J ; Derg, L. [D. M.J ; Finnoe [D. M.J. Tyrone.— TY. Auchnadog [D. M.J. Waterfoed. — WA. Near Waterford [A. W. S.J, Westmeath. — WH. Drin, L., Mullingar [A. W. S.J. Wexfoed. — WX. Enniseorthy [R. A. P.J ; New Ross [D. M.J ; Rosslare [R. A. P.J ; Wexford [R. A. P.J. BPECIHS OF nslDlUM. FOSSIL. HOLOCE^^E. ^H Chiugtord [A. S. K.] ; London County Council Hall, Westminster B Bridge Koad [A. S. K.] ; London Wall [A. S. K.] ; Shand Street ^ (Bed B) [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6750 inirs] ; Lea Valley Alluvial [A. S. K.]. Bekkshike. — BK. IS^ewbury [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 7934, 13216]. Essex, South. — SE. Dngenham [A. S. K.]. Lancashikk, Mid. — ML. Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.]. JMlDDLESEX. — MX. Uxbridge [A. S. K.]. OXFORDSUIUE. — OX. Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. . Blythlmrgh [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.]. Surrey. — SR. Is^ear Staines [A. S. K.]. SCOTLAND. Edinburgh. — ED. Edinburgh (Gaylield) [M. P. G] ; Edinburgh (Corstorphine) [A. S. K.] ; Edinburgh (Meadows) (B.M. 98,005 pars]. IRELAXD. Clare. — CL. Caherhene, L. [A. S. K.]; Inchiquin, L. [A. S. K.] ; Monana, L. [A. S. K.]. Down. -DO. Ballyfinder [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.]. Fermanagh. — FE. Castle Coole, Enniskillen [A. S. K.]; Kiluamadoo [A. S. K.] ; Magheragera [A. S. K.]. Gal way. North. — NG. Menlough [A. S. K.]. Galway, South. — SG. Portumna [R. A. P.]. KlLDARE. KD. Ballybetagh [A. S. K.]. King's County. — KG. Lusmagh [A. S. K.] ; Eglish [A. S. K.]. 78 CATALOGUE OF LlMEKICK. — LK. Cappagh [A. 8. K.]. Mayo, East. — EM. Lakelands [A. IS. K.]. Meath.— ME. Rolls [A. S. K.]. PLEISTOCENE. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Earrington [A. S. K.]. II UNTINGDONSHIRE. HIT. VVoodston [C. E. Y. K.]. Kent. West.— WK. Cravford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] ; Swanscombb [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K], CEOMERIAN. Norfolk, East. — EN. West lUinton [A. S. K.] [M. P. G.]. Abroad the species is plentiful in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], in France [Baud on (9) and others] and occurs in Germany and SwitzerLind [Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 ; 22553-8 Sr 22440], whilst Westerlund cites it from Algeria (184, p. 34). It has been recorded from the Holocene of Denmark [Johansen, (86, p. 9)] and seen from the Pleistocene (^Campiuieu) of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels], 8. Pisidium pulchellum, Jenyns. [Pis. II, f. 1 ; III, f. 8 ; XXIII, f. 1, 3-17, 19, 20.] 1832. Pisidium pulchellum, nobis : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv, p. 306, pi. xxi, f. 1. 1843. Cydas 2nilchella, Jenyns: Hanley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 91. 1852. Pera pulchella : Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. p. 292, 1854. Pisum pulchellum^ Jenyns : Ueshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 278. 1859. IHsidium hensloiuianum, var. pulchellum : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nnt. Hist. Ill, iii, p. 37. 18(i2. Pisidium fonthiale, vdv. pulchella : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i, p. 21. 1905. Pisidium nitiduriij var. spletidens [_par8'] : Jackson, Journ. Conch. xi, p. 170. This, the prettiest of all our British Pisidia, was first recognized by Leach, who received it from Prof. J. S. Houslow and appropriately sPi-ciBs OF PisimiBi. 79 named it Pent jrulcJiella but never published any descri])lion. Hence it was left to Jenyus, who recorded it (83, p. 306) as : — " P. testa oblique ovali, ventricosa, profundius striata; um- bonibus obtusiusculis, simplicibus." IJn fortunately Jenyns had associated with it as varieties undoubted examples of P. subtrvncatmn and P. milium *, so that his more extended diagnosis made to cover these becomes inapplicable. The best specification is probably that by Malm, though the remarks as to coloration do not hold universally (106, p. 89) : — " C. oblique ovalis, ventricosa, profundius et elegant^r striata, nitida ; lutescenti-alba, sed plerumque omnino fusco- cinerea, zonisque 1-4 obscurioribus ; natibus convexis, um- bouibus prominulis." And he further notes :— [Translatiou] "OutJinc everj'where well rounded off, no prominent angle at the point of junction of the dorsal with the posterior margin. Total shape oviform, slightly compressed and oblique. . . Apices of the umbones situated rather far back. . . None of the small species has so deep and at the same time so elegantly arranged striae as this." These deeply cut stiise are typical of the species, and impart to its surface an iridescence such as that displayed by Barton's buttons, or Kobert's lines. The detailed characters of the hinge are : — ffi)K/e (PL IT, f. 1 ; III, f. 8) about | the length of the shell, very strong and wide, projecting well inwards, uniformly arcuate. K. V. a. J. a little more than 3 the length of the hinge-line, strong, slightly curved inwards ; base very strong and swollen ; apecc on distal side of centre, not very prominent, obtuse- pointed; ridcjes somewhat rounded, sloping about equally, and fairly steeply. a. III. about the length of a. r., outwardly inclined ; apex fairly central, prominent, rounded-obtuse ; ridges com- pressed, somewhat sharp, sloping fairly equally, and steeply. S. not very prominent, lamelliform, thin, sharp, top flat but slightly crenulated, slightly arcuate, parallel on the whole to the shell-margin, but the extreme posterior end (6) thickened, grooved and deflected sharply inwards. * Specimens named P. pulchellum in the Hnnley Collection proved to comprise two examples, very smooth, of that species, with one of P. suhfrun- catum (B.M. 1907.12.30: 516-18) and four of P. millium (B.M. 1907.12.30: 608-11) all marked simply " British " and probably received from Jenyus. 80 CATALOGUE OF ^). /. about i the length of the hiuge-line, narrow, strong, straight ; base strong, slightly swollen ; apev on distal side of centre, prominent; ridges somewhat sharp, descejiding about equally and fairly gradually. p. in. about | the length of, and parallel to p. /., straight, strong ; apex central, prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridges somewhat ronuded, descending about equally and not steeply. li. V. a. 11. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong and straight ; base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex central, very prominent, sharply acuminate, slightly distally directed ; ridges sharp, descending about equally, very steeply. 2. not very prominent, subtrigonal, the rounded apex back- wardly and outwardly directed, base continuous with that of a. II. Jf. lamelliform, sharp, arcuate, at first almost parallel with the shell-margin and then curving diagonally backwards half across the hinge-plate. p. //. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, curving with the shell-margin ; base strong and straight ; apex on distal side of centre, distally directed, very prominent, acuminate; ridges sharp, descending — fairly equally and very steeply, especially at lirst. Dimensions. — Jenyns' measurements, converted into millimetres, give : Long. 4, Alt. 3, Crass. 2'^ mm. A specimen in Mr. C. Oldham's collection from Cemmaes (Anglesey) is identical. One from Walworth (Londonderry) is 4 X 3*3 x 2-6. Malm's is a trifle less, viz. : — 3*75 X 3 X 2-6 mm. Asa rule the species is immediately recognizable by its sculpturing. Specimens in which the strice are faint may bear some external resemblance to rounded forms of P. nitidum, but in P. pulchellum the hinge is proportionately narrower, and the outer laterals {a. III. & p. III.) longer, the apices of the inner laterals, especially the anterior ones, are further from the umbo, whilst the cardinals, especially 3 of the right valve, are straighter and more parallel to the hinge-line. At Silverdale (Lanes.) a strongly striate form of P. lilljcborgii ocf'urs in association with the present species and at first escaped detection (79). Examples of the former are consequently figured (Tl. XXIII, f. 2 & 18) with the latter for comparison. Young forms of P. pulchellim are squarrosc (PI. XXIII, f. 11 « & 12a) and the specimens from the Pleistocene of West Wittering, though more adult (PI. XXIII, f. 13*), take that form. The most oval variant, and the largest seen, comes from Walworth (Co. Londonderry) (PI. XXIII, f. 8, 9 «& 16). Other shades of variation in outline and sculpturing are best gathered from the figures. SPECIES OF PISrDIUJT. 81 DISTRIBUTION. SI 01 HB M I CT WO ED LD AN FE TY AR 12 WM 8L LE MO EM RO CV LH WQ N6 IF WH ME SG KG KD DU CL NT QC CW wi NK LK ST KK WX 8K MC EC WA WC NS CA 88 RW RE EL BF AN WI El PN AS AM PM FF Kl ON SG PC KF RF LL ED HD AY LA PE BW NN WT KB DF 8K RX 8N CU WL NY DM IM ML MY EY ^ SL WY §t LN CR DB FT CH pY NM L8 MN M6 8P ST Lfi CB WN EN CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS £8 PB CM BR GE 0} BX BD HT nE GM MM 6W NW BK l^^^U !_ '<5 8W NH Sr"wK EK ND 88 DT 8H WX EX EC SO 1^ sc wc CI Pisidium pulchellum, (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line ^elow the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20,) RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — %. Hampstead [J. E. C.]. Buckinghamshire. — BK. Boveney [J. E. C] ; Denham [J. E. C] ; near Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C.]. Cheshire. — CH. Birkenhead [E. R. S.]; Knutsford [C. 0.]; Marston, near North wich [C. 0.]; Northern Etchells [C. 0.]. Cumberland. — CU". Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.]. Devonshire, South. — SD. Newton Abbot District [B. B. W.] ; Topsham [C. 0.]. 82 CATALoarE of Hebtfordshire. — HT. Aldenhara [C. 0.] ; Ilickmansworth [C. 0.]. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Haweswater, Silverdale [C. 0.] [J. E. C] [J. W. J.]. Lancashire, South. — SL. Southport [E. R. S.] [T. II.]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Tetney [C. S. C.]. Middlesex. — MX. Bedfont [J. E. C] ; Tkishey Tark [J. E. C.l ; Harefield [J. E. C] ; West Drayton [W. M. W.]. North AMPTONsniRE. — NO. Kettering (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.]. Nottinghamshire. — NM. Beeston Cut [C. S.] ; Nottingham [C. 0.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Oxford [H. C. N.]. Somersetshire, North. — NS. Walton Moor [B.M. 53.12.6: 32-41 pars & 1911.10.26: 7737]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Mildenhall [A. M.]. Surrey. — SR. Byfleet [W. M. W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.]. War wicKSH i re. — WW. Birmingham [T. B.] ; Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.] [W. M. W.]. YoRKsniiiE, North-East. — ET. Scarborough [Cainb.]. WALES. Anglesey. — A. Cemmaes [C. 0.] ; IJangefni [J. E. C] ; Pentraeth [J. E. C] ; Khosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. C.J. Carnarvonshire. — CR. Ffynnon Llugury, Capel Cnrig (1786') [C. 0.]. SCOTLAND. IsLAY, &C. 1. Colonsay (Killoran), very smooth [K. H. J.]. SllETLANDS. — SI. Bressay [Camb.]. Stirling. — SG. Howietoun [B. B. W.]. Wigtonshire. — WT. [Camb.]. IllELAND. Antrim. — AN. Neagh, L. [C. 0.]. Carlow.— CW. Tinnahinch [R. A. P.]. SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 83 Cl.ARE. — CL. Derg, L. [D. ]\r.] ; Goller Lake [R. A. P.]. Cork, Mid. — MC. Inniscarra [R. A. P.]. DoNKGAL, East. — ED. lioshin, L. [H. T.] ; Rushen, L. [H.T.] ; Shivnagb,L. [H. T.]. Donegal, West.— WD. Fern, L. [J. N. M.]. Down.— 10. Ballynahinch Junction [D. M.] ; Comber [J. N. M,] ; near Lougbiiiislanrl [D. M.J. Fermanagh. — FE. llusben, L. [II. T.]. Gal WAY, SoiTH.— SG. Dorg, L. [D. M.]; Kilmacduagh [11. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.]; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.]. Londonderry.— LD. Coolkeeragh [D. M.] [J. N. M.l ; Enagh, L. [J. N. M ] • Walworth Wood [J. N. M.]. Mayo, West.— WM. Achilll. [A. W. S.j; Louisberg [A. W. S.] ; Westport Station [A. W. S.J. TiPPERARY, XORTH. — NT. Finnoe [D. M.] ; Lough Derg [D. M.]. TiPPERARY, South. — ST. Thurles [R. A. P.]. Tyrone.— TY. Roughan, L. [J. N. M.J. Wexford.— WX. Enniscorthy [R. A. P.J. FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. London. — %. Between Canning Town and Stratford [B.M. — L. 10046 pars]- Chingford [A. S. K.J ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.]. IssEx, South. — SE. Ilford [A. S. K.J. Middlesex. — MX. Uxbridgo [A. S. K.J. Oxfordshire. — OX. Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.J. JURRRY. SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.J. IRELAND. Down.— DO. Ballyfinder [A. S. K.J. [eath. — ME. Mentrim, L. [A. S. K.J. i g2 84 CATALOGUE OF AGE DOUBTFUL. Dorset.— DT. Portland [B.M.— L. 10023J. PLEISTOCENE. Cambridgeshire.— CB. Barrington [B.M. — L. 5712 j^xcrs']. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.]. CROMEllIAN. Norfolk, East. — EN. West Runton [A. S. K.]. Although the name frequently occurs in Continental Collections generally attached to some form of F. casertaniim, this species must be rare on the Continent, for the only living examples met with so far were from Bornholra [Lynge Coll.]. In the fossil state it has been reported from the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark [Johanseu (85, p. 9)] and seen from the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Soignies and Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels], 9. Fisidium subtruncalum. Malm. [Pis. II, f. 3 ; III, f. 7 ; XXIL] 1822. Cyclas oUusaUs, Lara.: Nilsson, Hist. jNloll. Sveciae, p. 101. [Fide Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Yitt. Sanih. Handl. iii, 1855, p. 92.] 1831. Cyclas fontinalis, Drap. : Alder, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumbld. i, p. 41 ; td., op. cit. ii, 1838, p. 341. 1832. Pisidium pulchellum, vars. j3 & y: Jenvns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv, p. 300, pi. xxi, f . 2 & 3. 1840. ? Fisidium jenynsii [pars'] : Gray in Tiirtou's Manual, p. 285. 1854. Fisidium hensloioianum, var. B. : Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. vi, p. 105; id., Ameiiit. Malac, i, 1856, p. 5L ? Fisidium dupuyanum., nob. : Norniiin, Cvnip d'ceil Cyclades Nord, p. 5. [For hgure see Baudon, M^m. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857, pl. iv, f. G.] 1856. Fisidium suhtruncatum, n. sp. : Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt. Samh. Handl. iii, p. 92, tigs. 1856. Fisidium hensloicanum, y. pallidum^ and ? e. dupuyaimm : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 581 ; Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857, p. 357 & 360, pi. iv, f G & H. 1862. Fisidium fontinale, var. pallida [non G assies] : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i, p. 21. 1873. Fisidium bartolomcBum, n. sp. : Clessin, Correspond. -Bl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg, xxvii, p. 68 ,• id., in Kiister, Svst. Conch.-Cab. ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, 1874, p. 31, pi. iii, f. 12-14. _ 1874. Fisidium turanicum, n. sp. : Clessin in Fedchenko, Izvyest. imp. Obshchest. Lyubit. Estestvoz. Antrop. i Etuogr. Moskva, xi, Tuip. 1, p. 38, pi. iii, f. 34. I SPECIES OF PIS1D1T7M. 85 1875. ? Pisidium tumidum, Colbeau : Clessin in Kiister, Syst. Conch.- Cab. ix, abtb. 3, Cycladeen, p. 47, pi. v, f. 13-15. 1878. Pisidmm poidseni, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. 1878, p. 124, p]. V, f. 6. 1898. ? Pisidium costulatnm, n. sp. : Westeilund, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad, imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 1898, p. 180. Altbough as already mentioned examples of this well-marked foim existed in Jenyns' collection, he unfortunately did not detect its specific distinctness, nor at a later date did Jeffreys, though there is reason to believe that it formed one element, and perhaps the prin- cipal one, of his composite P. fontinale. Its discovery in Britain was due to Dr. Johansen who pointed it out to mo in 1901, and it was shortly afterwards placed on record (88, p. 17). Malm's diagnosis (106, p. 92) is : — " C. peroblique ovalis, venlricosa, tenuissime striata, niti- dula ; albida, zona inframediana fusca plerumquo ornata ; natibus convexis, umbonil)Us parum prominulis. ^ipholongus gracilis, subconicus,. truncatus." . He further adds : — [Translation] " This is . . . easily recognized by its oblique shell, which to the naked eye appears smooth. Its shape is a slightly compressed oviform. Shell thin and fragile. Curve of dorsal margin rather regular, though perceptibly straightened ante- riorly where it merges into the somewhat narrowly rounded anterior margin. Curve of the ventral margin less convex than that of the cardinal but more sharply ascending towards the anterior as well as towards the posterior margin, which is also slightly convex, and in certain individuals presents inferiorly a not inconspicuous angle. There is a slightly perceptible obtuse angle where the dorsal margin passes inio the somewhat rounded, steeply descending, subtruncate posterior margin." Save for the absence of appendiculte on the umbones it closely resembles P. liensJowanum in external appearance. The hinge, however, differs iu many respects as the following details show : — Hinge (PI. II, f. 3 ; III, f. 7) about | the length of the shell, strong, fairly wide, projecting well inwards, arcuate, more sharply curved posteriorly. R.V. a. I. ahout ^ the length of the hinge-line, uarrow, strong, straight, inclined inwards ; base very strong and swollen ; apex nearly central, prominent, blunt- pointed ; ridges somewhat sharp, distal descending at first very steeply, afterwards almost horizontal, um- bonal sloping steeply to a lower level than the distal. a. III. nearly ^ the length of a./., narrow^, apposed to the shell-margin; apex near the distal end, prominent, 5b CATALOG LE OF acuminate; 7'id(jes sharp, distal fairly stecj), umbonal less so. 3. promineut, lamclliform, almost straight, slightly diagonal to the hinge-line. j9. /. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, straight; hase strong, straight; apea: towards distal side of centre, promineut, rounded-obtuse ; richjes somewhat sharp, at first fairly steep, the distal tlie more so, then sloping away more gradually. p. III. about I the length of, and parallel to p. /., straight, strong; ape^T near distal end, prominent, rounded- obtuse ; ridyes sharp, umbonal descending fairly gradu- ally, distal very steeply. L.V. a. II. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, straight ; hase strong and swollen ; apex central, or towards umbonal side of centre, very prominent, acu- minate, slightly distally directed ; ridtjes somew^hat sharp, distal descending at first very steeply, then almost horizontal, umbonal' very steep and descending to lower than the distal. 2. prominent, bluntly triangular, erect, parallel with margin of hinge-plate ; hase continuous with that of a. II. ^Tlamelliform, sharp, flat-topped, anterior portion parallel with 2, posterior portion curving tow^ards inner hinge- margin. p. II, about g the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, straight, slightly outwardly directed ; hase strong ; apex distal side of centre, distally directed, prominent, acuminate ; ridyes sharp, umbonal descending fairly straightly and gradually, distal very steep, especially at first. Dimensions. — Malm's measurements are : — Long. 3*25, Alt. 2-6, Crass. 2 mm. An example from 13aguley (Cheshire) in Mr. C. Old- ham's collection is 4x3x2*25 and one of his from Cemmaes (Anglesey) attains 4*25 x 3*5 x 3 mm. Its most characteristic features are : — externally it is very in- aequilateral, in this respect resembling P. hensloivanum, from inappendiculate examples of which it may be distinguished by its rounder umbones, as well as the details of its hinge, for the cardinals are practically parallel with the hinge-line and 2 & 4 wdth each other and 2 is round-pointed and directed outwards, whilst in P. henslowanum 2 is sharp-pointed and backwardly directed and all the cardinals are placed diagonally in respect to the hinge-plate. These same features of the cardinals and the fact that the apices of the laterals are further from the umbones than in P. nitidum dis- tinguish even its rounded forms, from elongate individuals of the last named. The species does not appear to have changed its characteristics from Cromerian times to the present day. Normally it is only SPECIES OF nSIDU'M. 87 moderately swollen (PI. XXI I, f. 16) but frequently tends to become considerably so (PI. XXII, f. 17). This latter feature is frequent in Irish specimens, which often attain a large size in localities where the associated species of the genus are undersized. One of the most elongate examples seen came from Salisbury (PI. XXII, f. 2) and coming from running waters has the hinge strongly developed in contrast to those from quieter waters as Lochmaben (PI. XXII, f. 8) and Braceb ridge (PI. XXII, f. 7), which are both less elon- gate and weak in the hinge, whilst examples from Rhosneigr (Anglesey) (PI. XXII, f. 6) are comparatively round. Fossil examples from the Strand, Newbury, and from Gayfleld, Edinburgh, have the umbones greatly developed, and so to a less extent has the figured recent specimen from Gloucester (PI. XXII, f. 26); DISTRIBUTION. NS CA HB SS RW RE EL BF AN ^ Wl El PN A8 AM PM FF Kl ^ j)t< SG PC KF ' CT RF LL L2 HD AY LA RE BW NN WO ED LO AN ^'T KB DF SK RX 8N FE TY AR °± ^" WL NY DM WM SL LE MO "^ ML ""^ ^^ SL wv SY LH EM RO CV LH A ^^ W8 N6 LP VVH M£ CR DB FT ^^ DY NM LS S7 KG KD oT »iN m SP ST LR CJ WN eN CL hT QC CW yy, CD RA HF WO WW HO hU WS e^ NK LK ST KK ^^ " ^** BR «^ °1 ii BD HT ^ SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW ^ IIlSllll NS SW ;|i||^ SR-WK EK NO S8 DT SH wx EX EC 80 '* 8C WC WC CI Pisiclium siibtnuicatum , (Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by ft line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) 88 CATALOGUE OF RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — E. Barnes [J. E. C] ; Catford [J. E. C] ; Ealing [W. M. W.] ; Eulham Palace Moat [W. M. W.] ; Hampstcad [W. M. \V.] [J. E. C] ; Hendon [J. E. C] ; Tottenham [W. M. W.]. Berkshire. — BK. Old Windsor [J. E. C.]. B UCKINGH AMSH I RE. — BX. Boveney [J. E. C] ; Cheshara [J. E. C] ; Eton [W. M. W.] Eton Wick [W. M. W.] ; Halton [J. E. C] ; Iver [J. E. C] ; near Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C] : Marsworth [C. 0.] ; near Uxbridge [J. E .C] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.] ; Weston Turville [J. E. C.]. Cambridgeshire.— CB. [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912.12.5: 49-55.] Cheshire. — CH. Baguley [C. 0.]; Birkenhead [E. R. S.]; Bickley [C. 0.]; Budworth [A. S. K.] ; Chelford [C. 0.] ; Pickmere [C. 0.] ; Sale Meadows [C. 0.]. Cumberland. — CU. Blaithwaite [J. L.] ; Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.] ; nr. Carlisle (?) [J. L.]. Devonshire, North. — ND. Braunton [J. L.] ; Morthoe district [J. L.]. Durham. — DM. Mainsforth [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7929-30]. Essex, North. — NE. Bay Mill (Colchester ? ) [W. M. W.]. EssKX, South. — SE. Buckhurst Hill (R. Roding) [J. E. C] ; Chelmsford (R. Cann) [W. M. W.]. Gloucestershire, East. — GE. Gloucester [W. M. W^.]. Hampshire, South.— SH. R. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7766-72]. Hertfordshire. — HT. Aldenham [C. 0.]; Ashridge [C. 0.]; Broxbourne [J. E. C] ; Marsworth Reservoir [C. 0.] ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; St. Albans (R. Ver) [C. 0.] ; Totteridge [J. E. C.]. Kent, East. — EK. Medway, R. [A. S. K.], Kent, West.— WK. Medway, R. [A. S. K.] ; Plumstead [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, South. — SL. Southport [E. R. S.] [T. R.] ; Tarleton [J. W. J.]. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone [C. 0.] ; Glenfield [C. 0.] ; Staverton [A. S. K.]. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. CaistorCCroxbv Pond) [C. S. C.]; Haugham (Skirbeck) [C. S. C.]; Louth Canal [C. S. C.]; Raithby [C. S.]; South Kelsey [C. S. C.]; Tathwell [C. S. C.]. I ^^m SPECIES OF FISIDIUM. 89 ^^blDDLESEX.— MX. ^■^ Eedfont [J. E. C.]; Bushey Park [J. ¥.. C.]: Colnbrook [J. E. C.]; Edgewure [J. E. C] ; Harefield [C. 0.] [J. E. C] ; Uxbridge [J. E. C] ; West Drayton [\V. M. W.J [J. E. C.]. XoKFOLK, West. — WN. Hunstanton [J. E. C.]. NOITINGEAMSHIKE. — NM. Hoveringham [C. 0.] ; Nottingham (Canal) [C. 0.]. Ox FORDSIl IRE. OX. Oxford [H. C. N.]. Shropshire. — SP. Bridgnorth [E. C.]. Somersetshire, North.— NS. Glastonbury [H. C] ; Kenn Moor fB.M. 1911.10.26: 7749- 51]; Walton Moor [B.M. 53.12.6: 32-41 ^W'* & 1911.10.26 : 7730-36]. SlAFFORDSHIRE. — ST. Barlaston [C. 0.] ; Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Himley [H. 0.] ; » Stafford (Canal) [E. C] ; Wightwick, Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. 0.] ; Willenhall [H. 0.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Mildenhall [A. M.]. Surrey. — SR. Byfleet [\V. M, W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Kew to Kichmond [W. M. W.] ; Ranmore Common [A. S. K.]. Warwickshire. — WW. Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.] [W. M. W.]. Wiltshire, South. — SW. Salisbury [B. B. W.]. Worcestershire. — WO. Worcester [C. 0.] ; Yardley Wood [H. 0.]. Yorkshire, Mid-West. — MY. York [B.M. 40.10.9: 41-46]. Yorkshire, North-East. — EY. Scarborough [Camb.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 41-46]. Yorkshire, South-I^ast. — SY. York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 41-46]. Isle of Man. — IM. Near Ballaugh [F. T.]. Isle of Wight. — IW. Sandown [H. C. N.]. WALES. Anglesey. — A. Cemmaes [C. 0.] [J. E. C] ; Gaerwen [J . E. C] ; Holland Arms [J. E. C] ; Pentraeth [J. E. C] ; Bhosneigr [J. E. C.]. Carmarthenshire. — CM. Pendine [W. M. W.]. Carnarvonshire. — CR. Llanrhychwyn (Reservoir 700') [C. 0.]. 90 CATALOGUE OF Merionethshire. — MN. Aberdovey [J. E. C] ; Bala Lake, from stomach of a Gwyniad {CoregoiiKs pennaiitii) [Sir W. Jardiiie, Fi.M. 11112. 12. 5 : 59-6 IJ. Pembrokeshire. — PB. Mauorbier [A. 8. K.] ; Tenby [W. M. W.] [C. S.] [J. E. C.]. CHANNEL ISLANDS.— CI. Guernsey [J. E. C.]. SCOTLAND. Bute, &c. — B. L. Fad [A. W. S.J. Dumfries. — DF. Lochmaben [A. S. K.]. WiGTONSHIRE. WT. AVhithorn [E. C.]. IRELAND. Antrim. — AN. Antrim (Six -Mile-Water) [D. M.] [J. N. M.] : Belfast [CO.] [W. M. W.] ; Dhn, L., Sallagh Braes (1 100') [A. W. S.] ; Drum Bridge [J. N. M.] ; Kilcorrig [J. N. M.] ; Lagan Canal (2ud Lock) [J. N. M.] ; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] ; Woodburn Dam [A. S. K.]. Carlow.— CW. Tinnahinch [K. A. P.]. Cork, East. — EC. Cork [W. M. W.]. Cork, Mid. — MC. Cork [W. M. W.] ; Cork Park [li. A. P.] [A. S. K.]. Donegal, East. — ED. Acapple, L. [H. T.] ; Portmore [D. M.] ; Boshin, L. [H. T.l ; Vearty, L. [H. T.]. DoKEGAL, West. — WD. Fern, L. [J. N. M.] ; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.J ; More, L. [A. W. S.J ; llosapenna [J. N. M.J. Down.— DO. Comber [J. N. M.J ; Drum Bridge [J. N. M.J ; Lagan (Canal 2nd Lock) [J. N. M.J ; Loughinisland [D. M.J ; Newtonards [J. N. M.J ; Portavoe [D. M.J ; Saintfield [J. N. M.J. Dublin. — DU. Lambay [A. W. S.J. Fermanagh. — FE. Anlaban, L. [H. T.J ; Bigwood (Rules Pond) [11. T.J ; Ennis- killen [A. S. K.J ; Nafeola, L. [H. T.J ; Shean North, L. [H. T.J ; Tally Lough [H. T.J ; Tullylough More [H. T.J : Vearty, L. [H. T.J. Galwat, North. — NGr. Ballindoolig [R. A. P.J. Galway, South. — SG. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.J ; Kilmacduagh [R. A. P.J ; Portumna [R. A. P.J ; Ilea, L. [R. A. P.J ; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.J. Galway, West. — WG. Callow, L. [D. M.J; Inishbofin [A. W. S.J. SPECIES OF riSlDlUM. 01 Kerry, South. — SK. Gill, L., near Stradbally [A. W. S.]. Londonderry. — LD. Magilligan [D. M.]. 'Mayo, West.— WM. Athill, I. [A. ^\. S.] ; Bimnamucka, L., near Newport [A. C. S.]; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; 8.W. Mayo [A. W. S.J. ]M ONAG HAN. MO. Glasslongh [D. M.] ; Ross, L. [J. N. M.]. Queen's County. — dU. Kathdowney [11. A. P.]. Si.iGo. — SL. rullagheeiiy [D. U.]. Ti'TERARY, North. — NT. Cloughjordan [1(. A. P.] ; Finnoe [D. M.]. Tipper ARY, South. — ST. Thurles [K. A. P.]. Tyrone.— TY. lloughan, L. [J. N. M.]. Waterkord. — ^^WA. Near Waterford [A. W. S.] AV EX FORD. — WX. Kniiiscorlhy [1?. A. P.] ; Wexford [li. A. P.]. FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. London. — E. Chingford [A. S. K.]; Fulham (Betteridge Kd.) [B. B. W\] ; New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.] ; Shand Street (Bed B) [A. S. K.] ; London County Council Hall, Westminster Bridge lload [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B.M.-L. 6750 pars & 10037]; West- minster [B.M. — L. 7565 ^x/r*]. Bkrkshire. — BK. Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B. M.— L. 7034]. Buckinghamshire, — BX. Boveney [J. E. C.]. Essex, South. — SE. llford [A. S. K.]. Gloucesteksbire, West.— GW. AVestbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.]. Huntingdonshire. — HU. St. Ives [A. S. K.]. Middlesex. — MX. Thames Alluvium between Walton and Shepperton [B. B. W.]. Oxfordshire. — OX. Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Blythburgh [A. S. K.]. Surrey.— SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.]. 92 CATALOGDE OF SCOTLAiSD. Edinburgh. — ED. Edinburgh (Gayfield) [M. P. G.]. IRELAND. Clare. — CL. Inchiquin, L. [A. S. K.]. Down. — DO. Ballyfinder ? [A. S. K.J. Fermanagh. — FE. Kilnamadoo [A. S. K.]. Galway, Js^orth. — NG-. Menlongh [A. S. K.]. Galway, South. — SGr. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.]. Meath.— ME. Kells [A. S. K.j ; Mentiim, L. [A. S. K.]. AGE DOUBTFUL. Buckinghamshire. — BX. Princes llisboroiigh [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23956]. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23952]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.M.-L. 23979 & 23983]. PLEISTOCENE. London. — %. Angel Eoad, Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. Bedfordshire. — BD. Biddenham [Prestwich Coll.: B.M.— L. 23961]. Cambridgeshire. — CB. Barnwell [A. S. K.] [B.M. 5709 & 14933] ; Barrington [B.M.— L. 5712 pars] [A. ^. K.]. Essex, North. — NE. Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Essex, South. — SE. Grays [A. S. X.] ; Ilford [A. S. K.]. Huntingdonshire. — HU. Woodstone [C. E. Y. K.]. Kent, West. — WK. Crayford-Erith [B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6690 pars, 6709, & 19664-5 pars] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Northamptonshire. — NO. Overton Longville [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— 23967]. Suffolk East. — ES. Hoxue [M. P. G. 25706] ; Stutton [A. S. K.]. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.]. Worcestershire. — WO. Birlingham [A. S. K.]. b SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 93 CROMERIAN. Norfolk. East. — EN. West ilunton [A. S. K.]. [N. M.]. The Continental range of this species is probably Europe north of the Alps. It certainly occurs in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], France and Transylvania [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22170-83 pars & 22444-55 pars], llussia [Lindholm Coll.], and has been received from Lake Baikal labelled P. mucronatum. It has been found in the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] ; in the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels]. 10. Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard). [Pis. II, f. 4; III, f. 9 ; XXIII, f. 21-31 ; XXIV; XXV, f. 13; XXVI, f. 13.] 1825. Tellina hensloivana^ Leach MS. : Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv, p. loO 1831. Cyclas appendiculata. Leach MS. : Tiirton, Manual, p. 15, f. 6. 1832. Pisidium henslowianum, nobis: Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv, p. 308, pi. xxi, tf. 6 & 7. 1852. Pera appendtculata ; Leach, Moll. Brit. Syn, more sulcate ; whilst the cardinals 2 & 4 of the left valve are difigonal rather than parallel to the hinge-line, and 2 is sharj)ly pointed instead of rounded. An interesting form is met with in the Pleistocene deposits of Grays and Crayford-Erith in which the shell is more trigonal in shape and much thicker and heavier in the hinge than the typical form (PI. XXV, f. 13 & XXVI, f. 13). At first sight, indeed, it seems difiicult to separate it from the associated P. supinum. Its anterior lateral teeth, however, are proportionately longer and a. /. is not so inwardly directed, nor is the cardinal 8 so sharply flexed ; whilst in the left valve the apex of the cardinal 2 points more backward and 4 curves further forward over the apex of 2. The P. supinum, moreover, is more truncate posteriorly, the more sharply triangular cardinal 2 points directly outwards, and its edges show traces of folding back, and 4 does not reach forwards over the apex of 2, wiiilst the fissure between 2 & 4 crosses the hinge-plate at a higher angle. More normal forms from Crayford- Erith are shown on Pis. XXIII, f. 29 & XXIV, f . 8 & 9. In the Crayford-Erith beds P. hensloiucmum is by far the commoner, P. supinum being comparatively scarce. At Grays, on the other hand, the latter is the abundant form, outnumbciing the former by about 4 to 1 . Except in the instance just described, the species shows no variation beyond the average from Cromerian to recent days. The single valve from the Coralline Crag is too immature to admit of comparison. Specimens from Hampstead (PL XXIII, f. 27) show the normal amount of inflation, those from Baguley (PL XXIII, f. 28) are the most swollen. The former may also be taken as examples of the average form (PL XXIV, f. 7). Those from the Thames (PL XXIV, f. 2) show the strengthening of the hinge consequent on their having to contend with strongly flowing CATALOGUE OF water ; also they show greater development of the umbo. The most oval examples (PL XXIV, f. 1) are from Blythbnrgh. The specimen figured by Forbes & Hanley (63, pi. xxxvii, f. 11) is one of those in the British Museum Collection (1907.12.30; 159-61). DISTRIBUTION • SI 01 N8 CA HB 1 8 M CT RW Wl AM DN B 88 RE El PM 86 RF AY EL PN FF PC LL LA BF AS Kl KF ED PE AN HO BW NN WD ED FE LD TV AN AR DO WT KB DF 8K CU RX WL 8N NY DM WM SL LE MO IM ML MY EY EM RO CV LH A CR SL WY 8Y LN W6 N6 LF WH ME OB FT CH OY NM L8 S6 KG KD DU MN M6 SP ST LR £B WN E_N CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU w_s ^S NK LK 8T KK wx PB CM BR GE ox BX BD HT IE 8K MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK B^U wc L N8 sw NH SR- -M EK NO 88 DT SH WX EX EC SD IW 8C WC CI Fisidium liensloivanum. (Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) RECENT. ENGLAND. London. — H. Acton [J. E. C] ; Hampstead [W. M. W.] ; Tottenham [W. M. W.]. Bbkkshire. — BK. Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.]. spi:ciE3 OF pisiDiuir. 97 Buckinghamshire. — BX. Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C] ; Halton Canal [J. E. C] ; Tver [J. E. C.J ; near Lei'^hton Buzzard [J. E. C] ; Mars worth [C. O.J ; Weudover Canal [C. O.J. Cambridgeshire.— CB. [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. o : 43-^7.J Cheshire. — CH. Baguley [C. O.J ; Bickley [C. O.J ; Brooklands [C. O.J ; Budworth [A. S. K.J ; Handforth [C. O.J ; Marple (Canal) [C. O.J ; Mere [C. O.J ; liingway [E. R. S.J [C. S.J. Dkvonshirr, South. — SD. Newton Abbot district [B. B. W.J. Durham. — DM. Cockerton [C. O.J. Essex, South.— -SE. Navestoek [W. M. W.J. Hampshire, South. — SH. Harabledon [W. M. W.J; Hoe Moor [J. E. C.J; R. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10. 26: 7646-62J. Hertfordshire. — HT. Aldenham [C. O.J; Berkhampstead [C. O.J; Rickmansworth [C. O.J. , Kent, East & West.— EK. & WK. Medway R. [A. S. K.J. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Preston [B.M. 1913. 1. 1 : 1-9J. Lancashire, South. — SL. Tarlcton [J. W. J.J. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone [C. O.J. Lincolnshire, North. — LN. Appleby [C. S. C.J. ^Middlesex. — MX. Bedfont [J. E. C.J ; Bushey Park [J. E. C.J ; Thames [J. E. C.J ; West Drayton [W. M. W.J. Northamptonshire. — NO. Blisworth [C. O.J. Nottinghamshire. — NM. Nottingham [C. O.J. Oxfordshire. — OX. Rejectamenta of R. Cherwell, Oxford [H. C. N.J. Staffordshire. — ST. Barlaston [C. O.J; Cannock Chase [H. O.J: near Walsall [H. 0.1; AVightwick, Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. O.J. Si ffolk, East. — ES. Blytliburgh [A. S. K.]; Needham Market [A. M.J. Suffolk. West. — WS. Mildenhall [A. M.]. Surrey.— SR. Byfleet [W. M. W.J [J. E. C.J ; Ranmore Common [A. S. K J ; Thames [J. E. C.J. H 98 CATALOGUE OF AVAEWICKSniKE. — WW. Olton (Canal) [H. 0.] ; Solihull [C. 0.] ; Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.]. Wiltshire, South. — SW. Salisbury [II B. W.J. Yorkshire, Mid- West. — MY. Fvipon(?) [J. E.C.J. WALES. Glamorgan. — GM. Swansea [Camb.]. IRELAND. Donegal, West. — WD. Melmore, L. [A. W. S.]. Galwat, South. — SG. Ballinasloe [11. A. P.]. Tjpperary, North. — NT. Finnoe [D. M.]. FOSSIL. HOLOCENE. London. — H. Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Fulham (Betteridge Rd.) [B. B. W.l New Scotland Yard [B. K W.] ; Lea Valley [J. E. C] [A. S. K.] Lea Valley Alluvial [A. S. K.] ; West India Docks [M. P. G.J Westminster [B.M. — L. 7568 ^>rtrsj. Berkshire. — BK. Newbury (The Strand) [A. S. K.J ; Walliugford (Beds A & B) [A. S. K.J. Essex, South. — SE. Dagenham [A. S. K.J; Ilford [A. S. K.J. Huntingdonshire. — HIT. St. Ives [A. S. K.J. Kent, West.— WK. Crossness [B.M.— L. 6719J. Middlesex. — MX. Thames Alluvium between Walton & Shepperton [B. B. W.J ; Uxbridge [A. S. K.J. Oxfordshire. — OX. Clifton-Hampden (Beds A, B & C) [A. S. K.J ; Wargrave [A. S. K.J. Suffolk, West. — WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.J. Surrey. — SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.J. AGE DOUBTFUL. Cameridgeshief. — CB. Chatteris [Brestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23950J. Suffolk, East. — ES. Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 239t8 & 23982]. 8PECIKS OF PISIDIUM. 99 PLEISTOCENE. London. — It. Angel Road, Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.J ; Hackney [B. B.W.]; N.E. Loudon [B.M. — L. 5804^>ar*J; Shacklewcll Lane [Presfcwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23973]. Bedfordshire. — BD. Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.Y.—L. 23060]; Ke!npfcon[B.M.— L, 18611]. Cajibridgbshire. — CB. Barnwell [A. S. K.] [B.M.~L. 5707 & 14932]. Essex, North. — NE. Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6686] [M. P. G.]. Essex, South. — SE. Grays [A. S. K. & B. B, AV.] [B.M.— L. 6695] ; Ilford [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6700 pars'], Huntingdonshire. — HIT. Woodstone [C. E. Y. K.]. Kent, West.— WK. Crayford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6690 & 19664-5 pars] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Middlesex. — MX. Brentford [B.M.—L. 7637 ^Mrs]. Northamptonshire. — NO. Overton LongviUe [Prestwich Coll., B.M.—L. 23966]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Stutton [A. S. K.]. Wiltshire, South. — SW. J^isherton [B.M.—L. 6716]. Worcestershire. — WO. Birlingham, near Persliore [A. S. K.]. CROMERIAN. Norfolk, East. — EN. Sidestrand [M. P. G.] ; Trimingham [M. P. G.] ; West Runton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [N. M.] [M. P. G.]. CORALLINE CRAG. Suffolk, East. — ES. Sutton [R. Bell Coll., B.M.—L. 7343]. P. henslowanum is known from Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], France and Germany [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22204-16 & 22221-2], Russia [Lindholm Coll.], and probably occurs throughout Europe north of the Alps. A specimen was also obtained from Lake Baikal [Lindholm Coll.]. As a fossil it is fouud in post-glacial deposits at Toppeladergard, Sweden [Prof. G. E. Wright Coll.] ; in the Holoceue and Pleistocene h2 100 CATALOGUE OF of renmark fJoliaiisen (85, p. 9)] ; in the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Coiirtrai, Jklginm [Mus. Hist. JS'at. Iknssels] ; and in the I'lcistoceiie (Mosbacher Sand) of Mauer (near Heidelberg) [Geyer {69, p. 96)]. 11. Pisidium supinum, A. Schmidt. [ ris. IT, f. 5 ; lY, f. 7 ; XX V ; XXYI ; XXVII, f. 1 & 2.] IB.'O. Pisidium supimim, n. sp. : Schmidt, Zeitschr. f. Malakozool. vii, p. 119. 1855. Pisidium Jandouinianuj)), nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn, Bordeaux, XX, p. 345, pi, ii, f. 2. Pisidium bomirffou.via?mw,V. de Cess. : Cessao, Bull. Soe. Sci. Nat. La Creuse, ii, p. 76. [For tig. see Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857, pi. iv, f, L] Pisidium henslvicicumm, Shepp. \jmrs'] : Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt. Samh. Ilandl iii, p. 95. 1856. Pisidium henslowiaimm, b. hoimafouxiamim and (. jaudouinviim: Moqiiin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. IMoll. France, ii, p. 581. 1857. Pisidium conicum, nobis: Baiidon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, p. 362, pi. V, figs. B, B, B, B. 1858. Musci/lium supinum, Schmidt : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 452. Pisum supinum, Schmidt: id., torn. cit. p. 660. 1866, ? Pisidium moitessierianum [n. sp. ]: Faladilhe, Eev. et Mag. Zool, XYiii, p. 172. 1870. Pisidium hensIoK'anum, rar. fi. supinum [sic], A. Schmidt: Kreg- linger, Sjst. Verzeicb. Ueutscb. Binnen-Moll. p. 357. 1S7L Pisidium henslouanum , yar, ^. uormale \_sic]: Westerlund, Nova Acta R. Acad. Sci. Upsala, iii. viii, no. 1, p. 158. 187;^ Pisidium baudonii, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. xx, p. 83, pi. iv, f. 1. 1890. Pisidium casertanum, vars. honnafouTianum & jaudouinianum [^ic] : Westerlund, Fauna palaarci. Region, vii, pp. 28 & 29. 1893. Pisidium irigonum, n, sp, : Bourguignat in Locard, Coquil. Eaux douces France, p. 1-18. 1903. Pisidium sujnnoide^, n. sp. : Clessin in Futterer^ Durch Asien, iii, p. 81. A very well-marked species, so that its quite recent recognition ill these Islands is remarkable. It was tirst pointed out by Dr. A. C. Johansen, who in 1901 found dead specimens in the muddy foreshore of the Thames at low-water near Kew Gardens. It was speedily detected first in the Lea Alluvium at Walthamslow (88, p. 17 & 20) and then in most of the post-pliocene deposits of the London district. Later a specimen that had been taken alive at Battersea was found in Dr. J. E. Gray's collection at the Natural History Museum (1906. 6.18: 6-9) on a tablet with examples of P. ohtusaU (1906.6.18: 1-4) and labelled '' Pera r/ibha'' ; but it was not until 1909, when specimens that had been taken by Mr. J. E. Cooper in the Thames at Twickenham and Hampton Wick were identiHed (44, p. 231), that it was definitely added to the British Fauna. sncii:s OF pisidium. 101 Schmidt's original description (156, p. 119) is as follows : — " Vorder- und Hinterseite des Oberrandes stossen in den Wirbeln recht-, ja selbst spitzwinklig zusammen ; auf den Wirbeln befindet sicli eine scharf'e llunzel ; das kurze Ligament springt deutlich vor ; Schlossziibne unverhaUnissmiissig dick; dabei i&t die kleine Muschel so bancbig und der Vorderrand so weit vorgestreckt, dass sie sich gern auf das Vorderende des lUickens legt und den scharfeu Unterrand emporkehrt — deshalb nenne ich sie Fis. siqiinum.'^ He adds a little later that the appendiculae on the umbones are not always present. Jiaudon's diagnosis (9, p. 362) being j-et clearer we append it : — " Concha triangularis, obliqua,' alta, convexa ad umbones, solida, subopaca, tenuiter striata, superius conica, inferius arcuata, antice rostrata, postice vix subcurvata, pallida, corneo lutea vel flavescens; apicibus subacutis lamella superatis ; ligamento brevi, lineari, flavido ; commissura crassissima, ])rcesertim quoquoversns et undique orenulata ; duobus dentibus cardinalibus, tuberculosis, vix conspicuis." He has, however, mistaken the characters of the hinge-teeth, the details of which are as under : — J/inrje (PI. II, f. 5 ; IV, f. 7) nearly | the length of the shell, massive, projecting well inwards, strongly arched with two ilexures. R.V. a. I. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, very stout, curving sharply inwards ; base exceedingly deep, solid and swollen ; ope.v near distal end, moderately prominent, rounded obtuse ; rid(/es very round, sloping about equally and fairly steepl}'. a. III. about | the length of a. ]., from which it is separated by a deep fossa ; somewhat apposed to the shell-margin : apex on distal side of centre, not very prominent ; ridges rounded, distal short and steep, umbonal longer and less steep. 3. scarcely prominent, narrow, arcuate; a nearly parallel to the shell-margin, h curving diagonally to the inner margin of the hinge-plate. >9. /. length about \ that of hinge-line, very strong, narrow, slightly curving inwards ; base strong, swollen ; apex distal side of centre, scarcely prominent, very obtusely acuminate; ridges not much rounded, umbonal long and gradually sloping, distal short, at tirst nearly vertical, then sloping gently. p. Ill, not quite ^ the length of p. /., narrow, somewtiat apposed to the shell-margin ; («pex near distal end ; 102 CATALOGrE OF rulges rounded, umbonal sloping gradually, disfal steeply. L.Y. ff . //. about i the length of the hinge-line, very stout, straight (but occasionally strongly deflected inwards); hase yery deep, strong and swollen ; apex distal side of centre, very prominent, rounded obtuse, distally directed ; indges somewhat rounded, distal sloping at first very steeply, then gradually, umbonal steeply. 2. prominent, triangular, base continuous with that of a. 7/., apex sharp-pointed, directed outwards and back- wards towards the umbo. 4. lamelliform, sharp, traversing nearly the whole width of the hinge-plate diagonally from the umbo, parallel to the posterior side of 2. J). II. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, stout, straight, or with slight inward curvature; base very deep, strong and swollen ; a2^e,v distal side of centre, very pro- minent, rounded acuminate, distally directed ; ridges rounded, umbonal long, gradually sloping down to a lower level than the distal, distal at first nearly vertical, then gently sloping. Dimensions. — Schmidt's measurements translated into millimetres are : — Long. 4*5, Alt. 3-9, Crass. 3"3. Baudon gives 5 to 6 x 5 to 6 X 3 to 3-5. The largest recent British specimens are from the Thames at Eton 4-2 x 4-8 x 2*7 and Budworth Mere (Cheshire) 4*2 X 3-5 x 3'4, whilst a single valve from the Pleistocene at Grays is 4-6 X 4-6x2. On the whole this species is very distinct, the strong, character- istic hinge and trigonal form, even when the appendiculse are not developed, sharply distinguishing it from its congeners ever since Cromerian times (PI. XXY, f. 14 ; XXYI, f . 9 & 10) down to the present day (PI. XXV, f. 11 ; XXVI, f. 1). Sometimes, especially in the young stages, it assumes a more rounded form (PI. XXV, f. 10 5, 15 ; XXVI, f . 2 6 ; XXVII, f. 1). Occasionally it is simulated by other species, especially in the fossil state. This is notably the case in the Pleistocene of Crayford- Erith, where, as already mentioned (p. 95), a very heavy, somewhat triangular variant of P. henslowanum is very abundant (PI. XXV. f. 13 ; XXVI, f. 13). At this locality P. supiniim is comparatively rare, whilst at Grays it is the most abundant species. There are also instances in which thickened variants of P. caser- tanum, especially the right valves (cf. PI. XVIII, f. 12 Jc & 1), closely approach P. siqnnum. SPECIES OF risiDiuxr, 103 DISTRIBUTION. 81 01 NS CA HB S RW SS RC EL BF AN Wl El PN AS M AM PM FF Kl 1 DN B 86 PC KF 1 CT RF LL ED HD AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB OF SK RX SN FE TY AR DO IM cu WL NY DM WM $L LE MO ML MY EY EM RO CV LH A OR SL WY SY IN WG NG LF WH ME DB FT CH DY NM IS 8G KG KD DU MN MG SP ST LR C_B WN EN CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS NK LK ST KK WX PB CM BR 6E ox BX BD HT NE SK MC EC WA GM MM GJ NW BK MX SE srIwk WC L N8 SW NH EJ( ND 88 DT 8H WX EX EC SD W ES 8C WC CI Pisidiuni siipinum. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) RECENT. London.— E. Batt^ersea [Gray Coll. : B.M. 1906. G. 18 : 6-9]. Berkshire. — BK. Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.]. Buckinghamshire. — BX. Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C] ; Iver [J. E. C] ; Marsworth Canal [C. 0.]. Cambridgeshire.— CB. [Gray Coll. : B.M. 1912.12.5: 48.] Cheshire. — CH. Budworth Mere [A. S. K.] ; Kelsall [C. 0.] [B.M. 1909. 5. 27 : 18-19]. 10-1 , CATALOGUE OF CrMBERLAND. CU. Allouby [AV. J. F.]. Heetfordshire. — HT. Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; Tring [C. 0.]. Leicestershire. — LR. Aylestone [C. 0.]. LlXCOLNSHlKE, SoUTH. — LS. Grantham Canal [(J. S. C.]. Middlesex. — MX. Eedfont [J. E. C] ; Thames at Twickenham, Hampton "VVick, &c. [J. E. C.][B.M. ]909.5.27: 20-25; 1909.5,8; 32-46]. Northamptonshiee. — NO. Elisworth [C. 0.]. Oxfordshiee. — ox. Rejectamenta of R. Cherwell, & Mesopotamia, Oxford [H. C. N.]. Staffordshire. — ST. Wightwick, Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. 0.]. SUREEY. — SR. Chertsey Mead (rejectamenta of R. Thames) [JB. B. W.]. "Worcestershire. — WO. R. Severn at Bewdley [H. 0.]. FOSSIL. ^ HOLOCENE. London. — %. Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Lea Talley [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6750 2Xirs & 10036 pans] ; Lea Valley Alluvium [A. S. K.] ; Fulham (Betteridge Rd.) [B.M.— L. 6739 pars]; Shacklewell Lane [B.M.— L. 14628] ; Westminster [B. B. W.]. Beeksuiee. — BK. Wallingford (Bed A) [A. S. K.]. Buckinghamshiee. — BX. Boveney [J. E. C.I. Gloucesteeshiee, West. — GW. Westbury-on-Severn [A. 8. K.]. Htjntingdonshiee. — HU. St. Ives [A. S. K.]. Kent, W^est. — WK. Near East Farleigh [A. S. K.]. Middlesex. — MX. Thames Alluvium between Walton & Shepperton [B. B. W.]. OXFOEDSHIEE. — OX. Clifton Hampden [A. S. K.]. SCREEY. — SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.]. PLEISTOCENE. London. — H. Hacknev [B. B. W.] ; N.E. London [B.M.— L. 5804 pars']; St. Jam'es' Square [A. S. K.] [B.M.-L. 14879}; Shacklewell Lane [Prcstwich Coll., B.M.-L. 23972]. . 1 SPECIES OF riSIDIUSf. 105 Cambridgeshire. — CB. Barnwell [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 326J. Essex, North. — NE. Olacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Essex, South. — SE. Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6695, 7930 & 7932j [M."P. G.]; Uford [B.M.— L. {)700 jxn-s]. Kent, West. — WK. Ciayford & Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 18609, 19G64^?a)-s] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]. Middlesex — MX. Brentford [B.M.— L. 7^37 parsl^ ; Pender's End (Glacial) [A. S. K.] ; Twickenham [B.M.— L. 9539J. Suffolk, East. — ES. St. Cross, S. Elmham [M. P. G.] ; Stntton [A. S. K.]. Worcestershire. — WO. Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Bricklehampton, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Cropthorne [M. P. G.J [A. S. K.J. CROMEIIIAX. Norfolk, East. — EN. West liuuton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J [X. M.] pi. P. G.J. PLIOCENE. Norfolk, East. — EN. Bramerton Common [N. M.J. Abroad the species occurs in Scandinavia, Erance, Germ.'iny [from Bremen in Norman Coll.: B.M. 98.5.20: 22170-83 ^/«r6' ; 22371-77 pars ; 22161-65J, Russia [Lindholm Coll.J and probably, as Clessin says (35, p. 12), Europe generally north of the Alps. It has been received under another name from Lake Baikal (60 fath.). As a fossil it is met "with in the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)J ; in the Pleistocene (Campiiiien) of Courtrai, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat. BrusselsJ ; and in the Pleisto- cene (Mosbacher Sand) of Hohensachsen and Pilgerhaus (near Weinheim-an-der-Bergstrasse) [Wiist Coll.J, and of Mauer (near Heidelberg) [Geyer (65, p. 96)J. 12. Pisidium parvnlum, Clessfn. [Pis. IT, f. 6 ; lY, f. 8; XXVII, f. 3-6.J 1873. Pisidium parvtdum, Clessin : in Westerlund, Fauna Moll. Svec. Norv. et Daniae, p. 653. [non P. jnirvulum, Benson MS.J This, which is the smallest of the species dealt with in the present monograph, has not yet been met with in the British Isles, either recent or fossil. 106 CATALOGUE OP Still, it may have been overlooked on account of its small size. If found it will probably, judging from its build, prove an inhabitant of quick-running rather than stagnant water, and should be looked for in fine sand rather than mud. • The original diagnosis (179, p. 553) reads : — " Concha minima, subinaequilateralis, orbieulato - ovalis, ventricosa, tenuissime striata, nitida, valde fragilis : umbones prominentes, acutiusculi : dentes card. valv. sinistra) 2, tenuis- simi, exterior brevis, interiorem brevem, paullo crassiorem, vix curvatum ad dimidium occultans ; dens card. valv. dextra? tenuis, vix arcuatus, parte posteriore paullulum incrassatus." The above description does not give the hinge characters sufficiently in ecctenso and may be supplemented as under : — Hinge (PI. II, f. 6 ; IV, f. 8) about | the length of the shell, very broad and strong, projecting well inwards, highly arched, with two flexures. ll.V. a. J. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, very stout and strong, curving somewhat inwards ; base very strong and swollen ; aj^ex central, not very prominent, rounded obtuse, inwardly directed ; ridges rounded, sloping about equally and fairly steeply, the umbonal descending somewhat the lower. a. 111. about \ the length of a. /., from which it is separated by a deep pit, stout, straight, closely apposed to the shell-margin ; apex central, scarcely prominent, very rounded obtuse; ridges rounded, sloping about equally. S. short, lamelliform, very prominent, flat-topped, slightly arcuate, curving slightly towards the inner margin of the hinge-plate. 11. T. about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, erect, straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex distal side of centre, scarcely prominent, somewhat obtuse, pointed ; ridges sharp, umbonal descending fairly steeply to the lower level than the distal which is less steep. p. HI. about 5 the length of, and parallel to p. /., stout, straight; apex central, scarcely prominent, obtuse rounded; ridges rounded, descending about equally. L.Y. a. u. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, stout, strong, straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apiex central, very prominent, pointed, obtuse; ridges sharp, distal descending very steeply at first and then gradually, umbonal fairly steeply. 2. triangular, prominent, base continuous with that of «.//., apex somewhat backwardly directed. 4. lamelliform, sharp, flat-topped, not very prominent, anterior portion nearly parallel to shell - maigin. SPECIES OF rlSlDIXTJT. ' 107 posterior curving round 2 and terminating close and almost at right angles to the inner margin of the hinge-plate. p. //. about \ the length of the hinge-line, stout, erect, straight ; base strong and swollen ; apex nearer distal end, somewhat distally directed, very prominent, sub- acuminate ; ridges sharp, descending about equally, at first steeply, then gradually. Dimensions.— Clessin's measurements are: — Long. 2, Alt. 1*5, Crass. 1*2 mm. Danish specimens received from Dr. Johanseu are only 1-5 X 1*4 x 1*4 mm. Clessin has also named a variety (179, p. 553) on account of its greater size and solidity. The species comes near to P. sujnnum in form, but is squarish instead of triangular. The type specime/is came from the Blekinge, and the variety from Konneby in Sweden : the Danish specimens are from Fursoen : it has been received under the name of " P, aliena, Mts." from Lake Baikal. 13. Pisidium steenbuchii (MoUer). [Pis. II, f. 7 ; IV, f. 1 ; XXVIII, f. 2-8, 10, 11, 14-lG.] 1842. Cyclas steenbuchii, nob. : Mciller, Index Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 20 ; id., Kroyer, Naturhist. Tid.'^skr. iv, 1842, p. 93. 1851. Pisidium fontinale, var. ? : Middendorff, Reise Siberians, ii, thl. 1, p. 402. 1854. Sphcerium steenbuchii, Miiller : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mas. p. 264. 1857. Pisidium steenbuchii, Moller: Morcli in Kink, Gronland, &c. ii, till. 4, p. 91 ; id. (reprint) Fortegnel. Gronl. Jiloddyr, p. 19. 1869. Pisidium pusillam [pars] : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, v, p. loO. 1873. Pisidium ylobidare, Cless. 1 Clessin in Westerlimd, Fauna Moll. Svec., Norv. et Dania?, p. 532. 1874. Pisidium steenbuchii, Morch \sic] : Clessin in Ku8ter,Syst. Conch .- Cab. ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen"; p. 35, pi. iii, f. 21, p. 22. 1886. Pisidium hoveri, d. sp. : Clessin in Esnaark & lloyer, Malakozool. Blatt., N.F. viii,p. 120. 1909. Pisidium korotnevi, n. sp. : Lindhohn in KorotneflF, Wissensch. Ergebn. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, iv, p. 85, pi. ii, f. 47, p. 48. The species is not common in this country, either recent or fossil, and its first record from Perthshire was made in error on an abnormal example of P. lilljeboryii (193, p. 5). It is stated by Morch to be rare in Greenland, whence it was first described by Moller (116, p. 20) under the genus Cydas as : — " Testa inacquilatera, subtrigona, antice obtusa, ventricosa, Isevi, cinereo-lutescente ; umbonibus prominentibus ; sulcis incremcnti 4-5." 108 CATALOGUE OF Miircb's diagnosis (121, p. 37) is a little more explicit: — " T. oblique-ovalis, ventricosa, striis incrementisubtilissimis, sulci incrementi 5-6 remoti contasbulati [sicj, cinereo-lules- cente, iiitus cinerea ; umbones gibbosi." lint Clessin's description of bis Pisidium 2166-69], whilst specimens were collected by Dr. Scharff at Frankfort-ou-the- !Maine [Conch. Soc. Coll.] and it has been received from R. Schtschut- schja, Eastern Siberia, under the name P. costulatum, and from Lake Baikal as P. korotnevi, Lindholm (95, p. 85). As a fossil it occurs in the Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)]. 14. Pisidium lilljeborgii^ Clessin. [Pis. IT, f. 8 ; IV, f. 2 ; XXIII, f. 2 & 18 ; XXYIII, f. 1, 9, 12, 13, 17-26.] 1802. Tisidium nitidum, var. splendens, Baudon : Jeffreys (wo« Baudon) Brit. Conch, i, p. 25. [Cf. specimens from type loc, Lerwick, in Norman Coll., B.M. 1911.10.20: 7681-95.1 1880. Pisidiiwi lill/eboiyu, n. 9^.: Clessin in Esmark & Hoyer, Malak. Blatt., N.F. vii'i, p. 110. 1889. Pisidium alpicola, Cless. [n. n.]: Clessin in Suter, Malak. Bliitt., N.F. xi, p. 191. [Cr. specimens from type loc, Berglisee (7,546 ft), in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22440-43.] 1890. Pisidium lovmi, Clessin : Clessin, Moll. Oesterreich-Ungarns, p. 765 [for the preceding]. 1909. Pisidium nordenskioldi, var. semenheviUchi, nov. : Lindholm in Korotneff, Wissensch. Ergebn. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, iv, p. 86, pi. ii, f. 49, 50. This exceedingly pretty and well-marked northern form was originally described (59, p. 119) as follows : — "Muschel schief, sehr ungleichseitig, sehr aufgeblasen, unregelmiissig stark gestreift, von gelblichcr Hornfarbe ; 112 CATALor.UE OF VonJertJieil sehr verkiirzt, abgestut/i., gorundeb ; HintertJieil zil- gespitzfc geruodef. Wirbel selir auFgeblasen und hervortretend. Oberrand gewoblt, sehr scbmal, durch die schwach markirten Ecken des Seliildes und Scbildcheus begrenzt. Vorderrand kiirz, steil abfallend. Unterrand sehr gebogen, ohne markirte Grenze an die Nebenrander anschlicsseud. Hint'rrand kurz, steil abfallend, wenig gewolbh. Liga-iient kurz, stark, Schloss zusamraeiigedriingt, kurz, zieinlich stark. Ziibno wenig ber- vorfretend. Perlmutter scbwach weisslicb ; Muskelnarbcn kaum vertieft," AMien writing tlie above diagnosis tbe autlior momentarily forgot tliat tbe external form of tbe Pisidium sbell is tbe reverse of til at of otber bivalves and it is tberefore necessary to transpose tbe two " Vorder- " and " Hinter-," wliich are italicized. Tbe lacking details concerning the binge characters are : Ilhige (PI. II, f. 8 ; IV, f. 2) about | tbe length of the shell, wide, projecting well inwards, very strong, arcuate, wdth anterior Hexure. 11. Y. a. /. about f the length of the hinge-line, stout, very strong, curving well inwards; bane strong and slightly swollen; a^>^.v distal side of centre, prominent, bluntly acuminate ; rid(/es rounded, distal almost vertical at first, then nearly horizontal, umbonal fairly steep. a. III. about § the length of a. /., narrow, strong, apposed to the shell-margin ; cqye^v at distal end, fairly prominent, rectangular ; ridges somew^hat rounded, distal vertical, umbonal sloping gradually. 3. lamelliform, not very prominent, sharply flexed ; a parallel to the shell-margin, b running diagonally backward across the hinge-plate almost to its inner margin. 2^. I. about I the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow, strong, curving wdth the shell-margin ; base strong ; ajie.v distal side of centre, distally directed, prominent, obtusely acuminate; ridges somewdiat rounded, umbonal sloping fairly steeply, distal very steeply at first, then nearly horizontal, j). /;/. about | tbe length of 2>- /., narrow, strong, straight, erect, umbonally convergent to j)- 1- '■> cip^x at distal end, prominent, rectangular ; ridges somewhat rounded, umbonal gradually sloping, distal vertical. L.V. //. about -| the length of the hinge-line, stout, strong, faintly curving inwards ; bass strong and swollen ; apex central, somewht.t distally directed, yery prominent, SPECIES OF PISIBIUM. 113 curving outwar Is, acuminate ; r'uhjes fairly sharp, distal very steep at lirst, then gradual, umbonal fairly steep. 2. prominent, obtusely triangular, apex directed back- wards and towards umbo, base continuous with that of a. IT. Jf. laraelliforra, sharp, faintly arcuate, running diagonally at a rather low angle across the hinge-plate to near its inner margin. /). //. about \ the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow, strong, curving with the hinge-line and inclined out- wards ; haae strong and swollen ; apex distal side of centre, distally directed, very prominent, acuminate ; ridges rounded, umbonal descending fairly gradually, distal very steeply, almost vertically at first, then gradually. Dimensions. — None are given by Clessin ; Westerlund, however (Faun. Palaarct. vii, p. L'5) gives. Long. 4, Alt. 3, Crass. 2*5 ram. Specimens from Sonset (Norway) sent by Dr. Johansen are some- w^hat smaller and measure: 3 5x3x2-4 mm. The Perthshire examples received from Dr. Laidlaw attain 4*4 x 4*4 x 3*3 and those from Mr. Jackson from Hawes Water 3*75 x 3*4 x 2-6 mm. Clessin when describing the type founded at the same time a *' var. trcnisversale " on quite immaterial superficial features. Although externally this species, and especially the Norwegian types, at first sight recalls P. obtusale^ its stronger striation, and the angle at junction of the dorsal and posterior margin serve to distinguish it, whilst its very well-marked hinge characters readily difierentiaie it from that and all the other species. lSi)ecimens from Sonset, Norw^ay, named by Clessin are shown on PI. XXVIII, figs. 17 «-c, 19 a, b, & 22 a-j. The Irish specimens closely resemble them but are on the whole larger (PI. XXV III, f. 18 rt, b,&2dc&d). The species varies somewhat in outline even in a given locality. Thus those from Lough Aguse, Co. Fermanagh, range from the normal orbicular (PI. XXVIII, f . 25 c & d) through the obliquely orbicular (f. 2o e &/) to oval (f. 25 a & b). The obliquely orbi- cular form also occurs at Lochan a' Chait, Perthshire (PI. XXVIII, f. 13 a, b). Similar variation is also noticeable in fossil examples from the Holocene at Gayfidd, Edinburgh (PI. XXVIII, f. 20 a-d, & 24 a-d). In these and other species of Pisidium from the same deposit, as already noted, the umbones are excep- tionally developed. Occasionally the external sculpturing is so marked as to give rise to a superficial resemblance to P. indchellum (PI. XXIII, f. 2). 114 CATALOGUE OF DISTKIBUTION, Si 01 N8 CA HB M RW RE EL BF AN WL El PN AS AM PM FF Kl DN 86 PC KF B CT RF LL FD HD AY LA PE BW NN WO ED ID AN WT KB DF 8K RX 8N FE TY AR DO CU WL NY DM WM 8L LE MO "^ ML MY EY EM RO CV LH ^ 8L WY BY LN WG N6 LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8 -M KC KD DU MN MG 8P 8T LR CB WN FN CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU W8 E3 NK LK 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE OX BX BD HT NE SK KG EC WA 6M MM GW NW BK MX^RE WC • L '^^ ^^ ^" ^^ ~ ^^ ND 88 DT 8H WX EX EC 80 iw 8C WC CI Pisidium lilljehorgii. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences hyaline helow the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) RECENT. ENGLAND. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.]. WALES. Carnaevonshire. — CR. Llyn Idwal (1200') [C. 0.] ; Llynan Mymbyr (588'), Capel Curig [C. 0.]. I SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 115 SCOTLAND. BrxE, Arran Is., . /. about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly strong, straight, erect ; hose fairly strong and swollen ; apex distal side of centre, prominent, somewhat acuminate; ridges fairly sharp, umbonal descending fairly steeply at first, then gradually, distal very steep. p. in. about J the length of p. /., from which it is separated by a deep fossa, very inconspicuous, closely apposed to the shell-wall ; apex very obtuse. L.V. rt, //. about \ the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow, strong, straight ; base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex central, exceedingly prominent, acuminate, somewhat distally directed, with peculiar outward twist ; ridge.s sharp, distal sloping down very steeply and descending to a lower level than the umbonal, which is not quite so steep. 2. very prominent, obtusely triangular, with backwardly directed apex, base continuous with that of a. ii. Jf. lamelliform, not prominent, nearly straight, running backwards from above 2 with slight downward diagonal inclination. ^. IJ. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow, strong, straight ; base strong, slightly swollen ; ap)ex near distal end, very prominent, acuminate ; ridges sharp, descending about equally, very steeply at first and then gradually. 118 CATALOGUE OF Dimension!^. — Westerlund's measurements are: — Long. 8-5, Alt. 3-5, Crass. 3'o mm., but a larger specimen in the National Museum, Ireland, is Long. 4'5, Alt. 4 mm. The West Galway specimens were smaller and less globose : 2-8 x 2*5 x 1'8 mm. The outstanding feature of the species, apart from its globular form, is the peculiar curve and twist of the anterior principal lateral teeth, with the deep fossae behind them. No similar cliaracters occur in any of the members of the genus treated of in this Catalogue. Judging from ^he specimens received from other plnces, there can be no doubt but that those from the type locality represent an abnormallv swollen form. D I S r 11 1 B U T I O X. Si 01 HB 8 NS CA 88 RW RE EL BF AN Wl El PN AS AM PM FF Kl ^ DN 86 PC KF ' CT ^ RF LL ED HD AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB DF SK RX SN FE TY AR DO CU WL NY DM WM 8L LE MO ML MY EY EM RO CV LH 8L WY SY LN WG N6 LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8 SG KG KD DU mN MG 8P 8T LR CB WN EN CL NT QC CW Wl ^ CD RA HF WO WW NO HU W3 ES NK LK ST KK WX PB CM BR GE OX BX BD HT NE SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK MX SE WC N8 SW HN 8R WK EK *■ ND 8 8 DT SH WX EX EC 8D IW 8C WC CI Plsidinm hiheindcum. (Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences hyaline below the symbol;*. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.) k^ SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 119 RECENT. ORK, West. — WC. L. Namaddra and small unnamed tarn close thereto [A. W. S.]. Galway, West. — WG. Inishbofin (L. Govvlanagower) [A. W. S.]. Galway, South. — SG. T;.llanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.]. Kekry, SouTfi. — SK. L. Nagarriva [D. M.] [K. H, J.] [A. W. S.] [R. A. P.]. Quito recently Dr. Nils Hj. Odher, of the Riksmuseum at Stockholm, very kindly forwarded specimens from the Takern See, Ostergdtl'ind, Sweden, among which this species occurred ia abundance. They were found in Chara at a depth of about 1 ra. with P. subtruncatum, P. casertanum^ P. nitidum, P. milium and P. lilljehorgii. The species is, therefore, a northern one and should now be sought for in tarns in the Western Highlands of Scotland. 16. Pisidium obtusale (Lara.?) Jenyns. [Pis. II, f. 10; IV, f. 4; XXX.] 1818. ?Cyclas obtumlis: Lamarck, Hist. Anini. sans Vert, v, p. 559 (id., 2nd ed., vi, 1835, p. 269). 1821. Pisidium ohtiisale, Lam. ? : PfeifFer, Naturg. Deutsch. Moll, i, p. 125, pi. v,f. 21,22. 1832. Pisidium obtusale, Pfeitf. : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv, p. 301, pi. XX, f. 1-3. 1837. Pisidium fontinale, var. obtusale, mihi : Held, Isis, 1837, col. 306. 1843. Cyclas fontlnalis, var. B. obtufalis: Dupuy, Essai Moll. Gers, p. 89. Cycliis ohtuycdis. Lam. ; Hanley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 90. 1852, Pera gihba : Leacli, Moll. Brit. Syuop. p. 292. 1854. Pisum obtusale, Lamk. : Deshnyes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii, p.279. 1855. Pisidium globulosum, nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XX, p. 3J8, pi. ii, f. 8. 1857. Pisidiuyn casevtnnum, var. G. globulosum, Gafs. : Baudon, M^ra. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, p. 343 &'348. 1858. Musculiiim obtusale, Pfeiff. : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 4£2. 1859. Pisiditim pusillum, var. obtusalis: Jeffreys, Ann. &, Mag. Nat. Hist. Ill, iii, p. 37. 1862. Pisidium nitidum, Jenyns {pars) : Jeffreys, Brit, Conch, i, p. 25. 1873. Pisidium scholtm, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. xx, p. 23, pi. i, f. 1. 1902. ? Pisidium raddei, n. sp. : Dybowski, Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz. Gesell. xxxiv, p. 95; Rossiuassler, Icon., N. F. x, f. 1810. 1903. Corneocyclas {Cyclocaly.v) scholtzii, Cless. : Dall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, xvi, p. 7. The recognition of this very distinct form must be attributed to Jenyns, for though he like PfeifFer adopted Lamarck's name, there is no evidence as to the true nature of the forms those two older 120 CATALCGTJE OF naturalists had before them. Eoth Pfeiffer and Jeiiyns question whether their specimens belonged to Lamarck's species : but while Pfeiffer's diagnosis and figures are too vague to permit of an authoritative statement as to the identity of his species, there can be no question concerning Jenyns', as a glance at his specimens at Bath shows. Jeffreys, as already mentioned (p. 11), had confused Jenyns' P. nitidum and the present species. Under the circumstances it may be well to give the three successive descriptions. Lamari'k's (92, v, p. 559) is : — '* C. testa ovali, tumida, subinaequilatera, pellucida, fragilis- sima ; umbone obtusissimo. Mon cabinet .... EUe a des rapports avec la suivante [Cyclas fontinaUs]^ Pfeiflfer's diagnosis (134, i, p. 125) is more extended : — *' P. testa oblique cordata, ventricosa, tenuissime striata, pellucida, fragilissima ; umbone obtusissimo .... Gehilus : schief herziormig, bauchig, etwas ungleichseitig, glanzeiid, sehr fein kaum bemerklich gestieitt, durt-hsichtig, gelblich weiss. Der untere Hand scharf. Die Wirbelspitzen vorste- heud, sehr stumpf, gerundet." Jenyns (83,. p. '301), while assigning to coloration more than its due, gives the best summary of the external characters : — *'P. testa globosa, oblique subovali, tenuissime striata; umbonibus prominulis, obtusissimis Var. ft. Testa ovato-trigona, ventricosissima, margine obtu- sissimo Testa globoso-ovalis, ventricosissima, crassitudine fere altitudinem sequanti, nitida, subtiliter striata ; plerumque virescenti-nigra vel ochraceo-nigricans, zona marginali (junioribus latissima) lutescenti, interdura subaurantia ; rarius omnino lutescens : umbones tumidi, obtuse rotundaii, paulo prominentes. Var. ft. gaudet testa ventricosiori, margine basali obtu- sissimo, quo minuatur altitude, et forma magis trigona vol ovato-trigona proven it. Ha?c varietas plerumque nigricans, ochraceo plus minusve fucata." To this it is only necessary to add a detailed description of the hinge characters : — Hinge (PI. II, f. 10 ; lY, f. 4) about J the length of the shell, strong, narrow, especially at the umbo, projecting well inwards, roundly arched, with slight anterior flexure in right valve. R.V. a. /, about -j^-^ the length of the hinge-line, strong, stout, inclined a litlle inwards ; lase strong and swollen (especially in old specimens) ; apex central, or on umbonal side of centre, prominent, acuminate to rounded obtuse; ridges rounded, sloping about equally, fairly steeply (iu old specimens fairly gradually). r SPECIES OF PISIDIFM. 121 . III. not quite ^ the length of p. /., to which it is parallel, erect, narrow, but spreading umbonally, and becoming confluent with p. i. ; apex central, scarcely prominent, very obtuse-pointed ; ridyes compressed, sloping about equally. L.V. a. II. about -f^ the length of the hinge-line, strong, narrow, erect, straiglit ; base very strong and swollen ; apex central, or on umboimi, side of centre, very prominent, acuminate ; ridyes fairly sharp, distal exceedingly steep at first, then almost horizoiital, umbonal descending very steeply to a slightly lower level than the distal. ^. very narrow and prominent, with vertical sides, erect, the rounded cusp bent sharply outwards. 4. narrow, tliin, sharp, slightly inclined backwards, diagonally across the hin;>e-plate. p. II, about J the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, straight, with slight outward tilt; base strong and swollen (especially in old specimens) ; aj)ex distal side of centre, very prominent, distally directed, acuminate ; ridyes somewhat rounded, umbonal descending fairly gradually, distal nearly veitical at first, then sloping very gradually. i^'w2ms?o»5. —Lamarck simjily says: — *' Largcur, pres de 4 milli- metres"; Pfeiffer's measurements converted into millimetres are, Long. 2, Alt. 2-5, Crass. 1*5 mm.; Jinyns', similarly treated, are 3-5x3x3 mm. One from Lythara (Lanes.) collected by Mr. W. M. Webb is 3-7 X 3-3 x 3-4 (PI. XXX, f. lo), whilst in Mv. Cooper's collection one from Criccieth (Carnarvon) is 3*75 x 3-5 x 2-5 mm. This species more commonly retains the hairy periostracum to the adult state. Its less tumid forms may be distinguished from the rounded individuals of other species by the shortness of the hinge-line, the peculiar manner in which it is cut away at the umbo, by the position of the apices of the lateral teeth which are at most central, and often on the umbonal side of the centre, a feature shared by no other species, by the almost total suppression of the anterior lateral a. y//., and by the narrow, straight-sided, boldly upstanding cardinals, especially 2 whose rounded cusp is bent 8}iar])ly over at the top as to impart to the whole tooth the appearance of a staple. 122 CATALOGUE OF Swollen specimens can be differentiated from forms of P. liU- jeborgii, not only by the above characteristics but externally by their smoother surface and the lack of the angularity of the posterior dorsal margin so typical of the latter. That the species is liable to considerable variation is manifest from the figures (PI. XXX), and is sometimes seen in a single gathering such as that from Birch (Essex) (PL XXX, f . 1 & 16). One of the more swollen examples from this locality is shown at fig. 2 on the same plate, and compares with that at fig. 5 from T. Rogers' collection named by Jeffreys "P. nitidum, var. globosa.'^ The least tumid form, figs. 4 & 10, came from Guildford; the most oval examples are represented in figs. 13, 14 & 15, the last named from Lytham being one of the largest met with. The thinnest were those from Lochmaben, figs. 8 & 18, whilst a quaint abnormality from Walworth Wood (Londonderry) is portrayed in fig. 7. DISTRIBUTION. 81 01 CA HB RW RE EL BF AN 8 Wl AM El PM PN FF AS Kl M ON B 86 PC KF 1 CT RF LL EO HD AY LA PE BW NN WD ED LD AN WT KB DP 8K RX SN WM 8L FE LE TY MO AR _D0 IM CU WL ML NY MY DM EY EM RO cv LH A CR SL WY SY LN WG N6 LF WH m DB FT CH DY NM LS SB KC KD DU MN MQ 8P ST LR CB WN EN CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS ES NK LK 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE ox B_X BD HI NE SK MC WC EC WA 8C WC GM EC MM ND SO GW NS 88 NW 8W DT BJ( NH SH IW M_Xy^8 E SR— WK WX EX EK CI Pisidium ohtusale. CReceni occuvrences are shown in i'ed: fossil ocourrencea by a line below the jjymbols. For the explanation of the syiubols see p. 20.) I SPECIKS OF PISIDIUM. 1213 RECENT. ENGLAND. London, — H. l^atterseu [Gray Coll., B.M. 1906. 6. 18 : 1-4]; Finchley Common [J. E. C] ; Thames at Putuey [W. M. W.]. Ed( KINGHAMSHIKE. BK. Iver [J. E. C] ; near Uxbridge [J. E. C] ; Weston Turville [J. E. C.J. C'Hh^sniKK. — CH. Bagiiley [C. 0.] ; Birkenhead [E. R. S.] ; Brines Brow, Mouldsworth [C. 0.] ; Chester [B. B. W.] ; Helsby [B. B. W.] ; MobbcTlev [0. 0.] ; Mouldsworth [J. E. C] ; Oakmere [C. O.] ; KingwayYC. 0.]. C'UMRERLANI). — CU. fJassenthwaitc [W, J. F.J ; Dulston [J. L.J ; Wreay [J. L.J. Devoxshiki;, Nohth.- -ND. Morthoc district [J. L.J. DruiiAM.- DM. Butterwick (B.M. 1911.10.20: 704r)-48J ; Elwick[B.M. ■ 1911. lU. 20 : 7863-72J; Newsham [ E. R. S.J. Essex, Noirni. — NE. Birch [W. M. W.J; Coggcshall [B.M. 47.11.19: 148-102]; Colchester (?) [W. M. W.J. Hertfokdshike. — HT. Aldenham [C. O.J; Berkhanipstead [C. ().] ; Colney Heath [C. ().] ; Marsworth Reservoir [C. O.J ; Rickuiansworth [C. O.J ; Park Street, St. Albans [C. 0.]. Kent, East.— EK. Deal [H. O.J ; Marsh side, near Recnlver [J. E. C.]. Lancashire, Mip.- -JV. L. Lytliam [VV. M. W.J. Lancashire, Soith. — SL- Hesketh Bank, Southport [A. S. K.J ; Liverpool [H. 0.]; Manchester [W. M. W.J [J. E. C] ; Swiiiton [T. R.J. Leicestershire. — LR. Staverton [A. S. K.J. Lincolnshire, North. LN. Linwode [C. S. C.J ; xXewstead [C. S. C.J ; North Somercotrs [C.S.J. ^flDDI.ESEX. MX. Bnshev Park [J. E. C] ; Grcenford [J. E. C.J; Harefield [J. K.C.J. Nokthamptonshire. NO. Kettering (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.]. ( )X FORDSH ire. — OX. Peesemore Piece, near ^[arston Copse [H. C. N.J. Somersetshire, North. — MS. Clevedon & Kenn Moor [B.M. 53. 12. 6 : 42-52 & 191 1. 10. 26 : 7663 80, 7893-7908J. 124 CATALOGUE OP Staffordshirf. — ST. Gt. Btirr Park [H. 0.]. Suffolk, East. — ES. Lowestoft [A. M.]; Mendleshara [A. M.] ; Reydon Marsh, near Southwold [J. E. C] ; Walberswick [J. E. C.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Wyverstone [A. M.]. Surrey. — SR. Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Guildford [B. B. W.] ; Thames at Kichmond [W. M. W.] ; Tooting [A. S. K.]. Sussex, East. — EX. Bayham [A. S. K.] ; Lewes [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7704-09]. Sus*«EX, West. — WX. Chidhara [C. 0.]. Warwickshire. — WW. Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.]. Westmorland. — WL. Hampsfell, Grange (700') [J. W. J.]. Yorkshire, Mid-West. — MY. Beal [C. S.]. Yorkshire, North-West. — NY. Asenby [C. S.]. Yorkshire, North-East. — EY. Asenby [C. S.]. Yorkshire, South-West. — WY. Beal [C. S.] : Huddersfield [B. B. W.]. Isle of Man. — IM. Near Ballaugh [F. T.]. WALES. Anglesey. — A. Gaerwen [J. E. C] ; Ilhosneigr [J. E. C.l. Brecon.— BR. Llangorse [J. E. C.]. Ca RN ARVON. — CR. Criccieth [J. E. C] ; Llyn Ogwen (984') [C. 0.]. Glamorganshirr.— GM. Llandaff[B. B. W.]. Pembrokeshire.— PB. Tenby [W. M. W.] [B.M. 98. 6. 16 : 13-42]. SCOTLAND. Dumfries. — DF. Lochmaben [A. S. K.]. Haddingtonshire. — HD. Liiff'ness Links [C. S.]. ISLAY, &C. 1. Colousay [K. H. J.]. SPECIES OF PrsIDIFM. 125 lllELAXD. Ant KIM. — AN. J)iim Brid-e [J. N. M.] ; Glenavy, R. [D. M.] ; Glenshesk [JJ. M.] ; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] [D. M.J. Clark. — CL. Goller Lake [R. A. P.] ; Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.]. CoKK, West.— WC. :^ear More, L. [K. H. J.J. DoNKGAL, East.— ED. Acapplo, L. [H. T.] ; Fad, L., Moville [J. N. M.] ; Shivnagh, L. [H. T.] ; Vearty, L. [H. T.J. Donegal, West. — WD. Feru, L. [J. N. M.J ; Rossapenna [J. N. M.]. Down.— DO. Downpatrick (R. Quoyle) [D. M.J ; Drum Bridge [J. N. M.J. Fermanagh. — FE. TuUy Lough [H. T.J ; Tullyvogy, L. [H. T.J ; Vearty, L. [H. T.J. Galway, North. — NG. . liHllindoolig [R. A. P.J. Galway, South. — SGr. Ballinasloe [R. A. P.J ; Portumna [R. A. P.] Galway, West.— WG. Callow, L. [D. M.J ; Inishbofin [A. W. S.J. Kerry, Soutk. — SK. Dingle Promoutory (Lakes 250-3120') [A. AV. 8.J ; Nagarriva, L. [A. W.S.J. Londonderry.— LD. Walworth Wood [J. N. M.J. Mayo, West. — WM. AchiU, I. [A. W. S.J ; BelmuUet peninsula [A. W. S.J ; Clare, 1. [A. W. S.J; Creevaghaiin, L., nr. Newport. [A. W. S.J ; Doo- aghtry, L. [A. W. S.J ; Mask, L. (120'-160') [A. S. K.J Monaghan. — MO. Glaslough [D. M.J ; Ross, L. [J. N. M.J. Roscommon. — RO. Bushy Park [D. M.J. Waterford. — WA. Near Waterford [A. W. S.J. Wexford.— WX. Cahore [D. M.J. F0S3IL. HOLOCENE. London. — U. Chingford [A. S. K.J; Westminster [A. S. K.J. Berkshire. — BK. Newbury [A. S. K.J [B.M.— L. 13215J. 126 CATALOGUE OF BrCKINGHAMSHTRF. BX. Boveney | J. E. C] : Princes Kisborough [Prestwlch Coll. : B M. — - L. 239*58]. Hampshire, South.— SH. Southampton Water [B.M.— L. 1-1971]. Kekt, East.— EK. Deal [A. S. K.]. Lancashire, Mid. — ML. Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.J. Suffolk, East. — ES. Blythburg [A. S. K.]. Suffolk, West. — WS. Knettishall [A. S. K.]. Surrey. — SR. Near Staines [A. S. K.]. IRELAND. Down.— DO. Ballyfinaer [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.]. Fermanagh. — FE. Kilnamadoo [A. S. K.] ; Magheragera [A. S. X.]. Galwaf, South. — SG. Portumna [A. S. K.]. Mayo, East. -EM. Lakelands [A. S. K.]. Meath. — ME. Men trim, L. [A. S. K.]. PLEISTOCENE. LoXDON. — U. Angel lid., Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.] ; Shacklewcll Lane [Prcbtwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23975 very globose]. Middlesex. — MX. Ponder's End (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. Sussex, West. — WX. West Wittering [A. S. K.]. P. o6^«srtZe is not well-known on the Continent. It has been seen from Iceland [F. H. Sikes Coll.], Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], Bavaria [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22268-71], Russia [Lindholm Coll.], Chamouni [Coll. Marquess de Monterosato — very dwarfed], and judging from Baudon's figures (9, pi. i, f. e) occurs in Franco. When better known it will probably prove to inhabit Europe north of the Alps. Fossil it has been recorded from the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] : and recognized in the Pleistocene (Campinien and Hesbayen) of Soignes, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels]. P. fossile, Sacco, from the Pliocene of Piedmont is closely allied. RPIOCIKS OF I'JSIDlUJf. 127 17. Pisidium vincentianum, n. sp. (Pis. 11, f. 2 ; IV, f. 6 ; XXVII, f. 7-11.) Testa parva, ovato-subtrigona, satis iijsequiliteralis, ventricoFa, teriuissime striata, nigis incremtnti elevatis hie illic 4-5 prsedita : superne rotundato-cunica, umbonibus prominentibus, obtusissimis ; aiitice prolongato-rotundata ; postice truncato-rotundata ; inferne arcuata. Cardine tenui, dentibus validis ; ligameiiti fossa brevis, maxime depressa, fere ad murum testae apposita. The detailed hinge characters are : — Hinge ( PI . II, f . 2 ; IV, f . 6) about | the length of the shell, fairly ■wide, projecting somewhat inwards, and very strong, exceedingly arcuate, interrupted at ligainent-pit which recedes back against the shell- wall. 11. V. «./. about I the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, faintly curved inwards ; base very strong and swollen ; oj^ex dislal side of centre, not very prominent, obtuse- pointed ; ridges fairly sharp, descending about equally and fairly steeply at tirst, then gradually. a. III. at out I the length of a./., to w^hich it is parallel, narrow, straight, somewhat inclined against the shell-wall ; apex near distal end, not very prominent, very obtuse ; ridges sharp, sloping about equally. 3. very prominent, sickle shaped, the rounded end, 6, sulcate and overhanging the inner margin of the hinge- plate. p. J. about I the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong, straight ; 6«sc strong, somewhat swollen ; apex central, moderately prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridges fairly sharp, sloping about equally and fairly steeply. p. III. about ^ the length of/?. /., to which it is parallel, narrow, not very strong, straight, somewhat inclined against the shell-wall ; apex obtuse-pointed ; ridges sharp, sloping about equally and fairly steeply. L. V. a. II. about | the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, strong, straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex on dibtal side of centre, very prominent, obtusely acuminate ; ridges sharp, sloping about equally and very steeply. 2. prominent, obtusely triangular, apex backwardly directed and pointing towards the umbo, base continuous with that of a. II. 4. lamelliform, sharp, prominent, seeming to spring from the shell-margin under the umbo, and curving gently backwards round 2 to about half across the hinge- plate. p. ir, about \ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, strong, straight ; base strong, swollen ; apex central, very pro- minent, obtusely acuminate ; ridges sharp, urabonal 128 CATALOGUE OF SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. sloping fairly steeply to a point well 1 elow tlie general level of the hinge-plate and revealing the ligament-pit, distal ridge very steep at first, then sloping gradually. Dimensions : — Long. 3-2, Alt. 2*7, Crass. 2 mm. The specimens described come from the Pleistocene (Campinien) at 8oignies, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels], and were sent me with the other Belgian fossil species at the instance of Mens. E. Vincent, in honour of whom the species is named. The marked feature of this unmistakable form is the extraordinary depression of the ligament-pit, which can only be ])roperly seen when the hinge is viewed from across the ventral margin of the shell. So far the only species seen at all resembling it is the living P. stewarti, Preston (140, p. 116), taken at an altitude of 14,500 feet at High Hill Gompa, Gyantse Valley, Tibet. V.-BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1. Ad AMI (Gt. B.).^MollLi3chi post-pliocenici della torbiera di Polada presso Loiiato. Ball. iSoc. Malac. Ital, vii, 1881, pp. 188-202. 2. Novit^ Malacologicbe recenti. Ball. Soc. Malac, Ital, xi, 1885, pp. 204-261. D. Aldbe (J.). — A Catalogue of the Land and Fresh-water Testaceous Mollusca found in the vicinity of Newcastle- upon-Tyne, with remarks. Tram. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northam- herld. Durham ^ Newcastle-u.-T. i, 1831, pp. 26-44. 4. Supplement, &c. Op. cit. ii, 1838, pp. 337-342, 5. Notes on the Land and Fresh- water Mollusca of Great Britain, with a revised list of the species. Mag, Zool. Bot. ii, 1838, pp. 101-119. 6. A Catalogue of the Mollusca of Northumberland and Durham. Trans. Tyneside Nats.' Field Clubj i, 1848, pp. 97-209. 7. Baudon (A.). — Observations sur la valeur du Pisidiam^ simuiium^ Bourg. Journ. de Conchyl. iv, 1853, pp. 277- 279. 8. Eeflexions sur les Pisidies, ^r. Journ. de Vonchyl. iv,. 1853, pp. 392-397. 9. Essai monographique sur les Pisidies Fran^aises. Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, Beauvais, iii, 1857, pp. 315-367; 5 pis. 10. Notes sur les Pisidium Recluzianum, Bourg., et Oas- siesianum, Dup. Journ. de Conchyl. viii, 1800, pp. 179- 180. 1 1. Description d'une nouvelle espece de PIsidie Frangaise ; P. Dubrueili, nob. Rev. Sci. Nat. i, 1872, pp. 30-33, pi. iii, ff. 1-4. 12. Bellini (R.).— The Freshwat^er Shells of Naples and the neighbourhood. Joa^n. of Conch, xi, 1901, pp. 33-44. 13. B^RENGUiER (S.). — Essai sur la faune malaeologique du. departement de Var. Pp. 106. 8". Draguhjnan, 1883. 14. Bernard (F.). — Premiere ( — Quatrieme) Note sur ie de'veloppement et la morphologie de la coquille chez. les Lamellib ranches. Bull. Soc. Geol. France^ ser. iii, torn, xxiii, 1895, pp. 104-154 ; xxiv, 1896, pp. 54-82. 412-449; xxv, 1897, pp. 559-566 ; figs. K 130 CATALOGUE 01' 15. BiKLZ (E. A.). — Vorarbeiteii zu einer Fauna der Land- nnd SiisswMSser-Mollusken Siebenbiirgens. Verhandl. iSiebenb. Ver. Natarw., Jahrg. x, 1859, pp. 3-16, 19-25; xi, I860, pp. 49-52, 60-68, 114-116, 13:3-140, 149-164, 199-204, 220-228, 250-252, 288-296; xii, 1861, pp. 13-16, 34-36, 50-52, 63-68, 83-100, 115-116, 131-132, 146-148, 163- 164, 176-180, 185-196, 208-227 ; xiii, 1862, pp. 19, 20, 33-36, 50-52, 69-72, 81-84, 92-96, 113-116, 135, 136, 152, 153, 170-172, 191-196, 218-227. 16. Fauna der Laud- uud Siisswasser-Molliisken Sieben- biirgens. Pp. viii, 206. 8^ Hermannstadt^ 1863. (Keprint from Verhandl. Siebenb. Ver. uaturvv. x-xiii, 1859-1862.) 17. Zweite Auflage. Pp. viii, 216. 8°. Hermanmtadt, 1867. 18. BivoNA (A.). — Nuovi Molluschi terrestri e fiuviatili dei din- torne di Palermo. Giorn. Sci. Lett, ed Arte Palermo, Ixvi, 1839. 19. BoURGUiGNAT (J. E.). — DescripHon d'une nouvelle espece de Fisidium [P. sinuatum, nobis]. Jou7'n. de Conch, iii, 1852, pp. 47-51, pi. i, ff. 6-10. 20. BouRGUiGN'A.T (L. R.). — Description d'une espece nouvelle du genre Pisidium [P. Reclusianum, nob.]. Journ. de Conch, iii, p. 174, pi. viii, fF. 8 a-d. 21. BouEGUiGNAT (J. E.). — Ainenites Malacologiques . . . . ix ( — xiii). T>v\gQnve Pisidium. Eev. (^' Mag. Zool. \\, \^o\, pp. 75-107 ; Eeprinted in his Amenit. Malac. i, 1856, pp. 20-54. 22. Boycott (A. E.) & Bowell (E. W. W.).— Contributions towards a Fauna of Herefordshire. Mollusca. Woolhoj.)e Nats: Field Club, 1888-9, Extra paper, pp. 104. 23. Braun (A.). — Vergleicheude Zusammenstellung der lebenden und diluvialen Molluskenfauna des Kheinthals mit der tertiaren des Mainzer Beckons. Amt. Ber. xx. Versam. Ges. Deutsch. Naiurf. Sf Aerzte, 1843, pp. 142-150. 24. Die fossile Fauna des Mainzer Bet-kens. Wirbellose Thiere. W C.).— On the Boulder formation, or drift and associated Ereshwater Deposits composing the Mud-cliffs of eastern Norfolk. Lond. ^ Edinh, Phil. Mag. ser. iii, vol, xvi, 1840, pp. 34.5-380. 8PKC1ES OF P18IDIUM. 135 103. Lyell (Sir C). — The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, &c. 8^ London, 1863. 104. Macgillivrat (W.)- — A History of the Molluscous Animals of the counties of Aberdeen, Kincardine, and Banff ; to which is appended an account of the Cirri pedal Animals of the same district. 8°. London, 1843. 105. A History of the Molluscous and Cirripedal Animals of Scotland 2nd ed. 8^ Aberdeen, 1844. lOG. Malm (A. W.). — Om Svenska Lnndt- och Scittvattens Mol- lusker, &c. Gotliehorgs K. Vet. Sf Vitt. Samh. Handl., Ny Tidsj., Hft. 3, 1855, pp. 73-152 ; figs. 107. Marquand (E. D.), — The Land and Fresh-water MoUusca of West Cornwall. Rept. Sf Trans. Penzance Nat. Hist. Sac. 1883-84 [1884], pp. 403-408. 108. Martens (E. von). — Fossile 8iisswasser-Conchylien nus Sibirien. Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesell. xvi, 1864, pp. 345- 351 ; figs. 109. Maton (W. Gr.). — On a species of Tellina, not described by Linnaeus. — Trans. Linn. Soc. iii, 1797, pp. 44-45 ; figs. 110. Maton(W. Gr.) & Hackett (T.).— A descriptive Catalogue of tlie British Testacea. l^rans. Linn. JSoc. viii, 1807, pp. 17-250; 6 pis. 111. Mayfjeld (A.). — Contributions towards a list of West 8uff()li< non-marine Mollusca. Journ. of Conch, xi, 1906, pp. 336 340. 112. Megerle von Miihlfeld (J. K.). — Entwurf eines neueji Systems der Schalthiergehiiuse. Mag. Gesell. Naturf, Freunde Berlin, v, 1811, pp. 38-72. 113. \l)Q.iQY\^i\o\\ oi Pis. injia turn.'] ^^^ Porro (C). 114. Middevdorff (A. T. von). — Keise in den aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, &c. 4 Bd. & Atlas. 4". St. Petersburg, 1847-75. 115. MciLLER (H. P, C). — Index Molluscornm Gicenlandia). Pp. 24. 8". Hafnice, 1842. (Also printed in Krover's " Naturhist. Tidsskr." Bd. iv, 1842, pp. 76-97.) 116. Moquin-Tanjjon (A.). — Histoire naturelle des Mollusques terreslres et fluviatiles de France, &c. 2 Tom. 8^ Paris, Sfc, 1855 [-56]. 117. MoRCii (O. A. L.). — Mollusca Gronlandica. Rink: Gron- land, 4'c., ii, Tilloeg 4. 118. Fortegnelse over Gronlands Bloddyr. Pp. 28. 8°. Kjobenhavn, 1857. (A reprint of the article in Rink.) 119. Fortegnelse over de i Danmark forekommende Land- og Ferskvandsbloddyr. Vidensh. Meddel. Naturli. For en. Kjobenhavn, 1863, pp. 265-367. 120. Synopsis Molluscorum terrestrium et fluviatilium Daniffi. Pp. 105. 8^ Kjobenhavn, 1864. (A reprint of his " Fortegnelse/' 1863.) 136 CATALOGTE OF - 121. MoKCH (0. A. L.). — On the Land and Presh-Water Mollusca of Greenland. Amer. Journ. Conch, iv, 1868, pp. 25-40 ; 2 pis. 122. MoRELET (P. M. A.). — Catalogue des Mollusqnes terrestres et fluviatiles de I'Algerie. Journ. de ConcJiyl. iv, 1853, pp. 280-305. 123. MiJLLEii (0. E.), — Vermium terrestriiim et fluviatilium .... Historia. 2 vols. 4^ HavnicB et Lipsice, 1773-74. 124. NiLSSoN (S,). — Historia Molluscorum Sveciae terrestrium et fluviatilium breviter delineata. Pp. xx, 124. 8^ Lundcf, 1822. 125. NoEMA^'D (N. A. J.). — Notice snr plusieurs nouvelles especes de Cyclades decouvertes dans les environs de Yaleneiennes. Pp. 8. 8^ Valenciennes, 1844. *j^* Engelmann (Bibl. Zool.) also cites this under date 1853, but apparently in error. 126. Coup-d'ceil sur les Mollusques de la famille des Cyclades, observes jusqu'a ce jour dans le departement du Nord. 8°. Vcdenciemies, 1854. 127. Odhner(N.H.). — DieMollusken derLapplandischen Hoeh- gebirge. JVatmnu. Uniersucli. Sarelajehirges .... geleitet von A. Hamherg, iv, 1908, pp. 133-168 ; 2 pis. 128. Paiva (C. de), Baron. — Description de dix especes nouvelles de Mollusques terrestres de I'archipel de Mad^re. Journ. de Conchyl. xiv, 1866, pp. 339-343. 129. Note complementaire sur le Pisidium Waisoni .... de Madere. Journ. de Conchyl. xv, 1867, pp. 176-177. 130. Paladilhe (A.). — Nouvelles niiscelianees Malacologiques, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xviii, 1866, pp. 168-174. 131. Pareeyss (L.). — Systematisches Yerzeichniss der im Erz- herzogthum Oesterreich bis im Jahre 1849 aufgefundenen Land- und Fluss-Conchvlien. Haidinqer Berichte^y'i, 1850, pp. 97-102. 132. Paulucci (M.). — Eivista delle specie appartenenti ai generi Sjyhcerium, 8copoli, Calycidina^ Clessin, Fhidium, Pfeiffer, e loro distribuzione geografica. Bull. Soc. Malac. Ital. vi, 1880, pp. 159-181. 133. Petit de La Saussaye (S.). — Des genres Cyclas et Pisidium. Journ. de Conchyl. ii, 1851, pp. 395-422 ; pis. xi & xii. (A translation, va ith introductory and terminal notes, oi Jenyiis' " Monograph.") 134. PrEiFFER (C). — Naturgeschichte Deutscher Land- und {Siissvvasser-Mollusken. 3 Abth. 4°. Weimar, 1821-28. (Abth. i was also issued under the title : — " Systemat- iscbe Anordnung und Beschreibung Deutscher Land- uiid "Wasser-Schnecken, niit besonderer Kiicksicht auf die bisher in Hcssen gefundenen Arten.") 135. Pfeifeeu (L.) — Beitrage zur Molluskenfauna Deutschlands, insbesondere der Oesterreichischen Slaaten. Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, vii, 1841, Bd. i, pp. 215-230. k SPEC! ES OF PlSIDTlT M. 1 37 136. PniLippi (E. A.). — Eniimeratio Molliiscorum Siciliae, - ^.^M^rQ^M '^•fez ^ii0i IK '^41^1 ^Bft ^iW e a d, k ®' ^' ^' a a a IS. Q/ m, a a a s. d< % Q «d' d' d. ^^ d. Q), ^. d. ^m^'^ ibf^ '•'^ ^. ^rd' Q).Q».Q Qa. a, h. I ». ct-f ] 10. a, b. 1 11. a-c.i Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PI. XVIII. 9:% ^cc. m ♦' %_,§. ft«l 41#/»,€i " •n ae «o:c [^ c •>. «>. «>^ €^ d c t 2. 8. 4. «, 6. 5. f', i. 6. a, ?>. / . a, fe. 10. 11. 12. «i h. 13. 14. 15. a, h. 16, 17. «, h. 18. a, b. 19. a, h. 20. rt- -d. 21. «, h. 22. a- -c. 23. a- -d. 24. a, h. 25. «, h. 26. a- -d. 26*. a, 6. 27. 28. c/, h. 29. a, h. iiO. a- -9- 31. «, h. 32. 33. a, h. 34. fl -/. 35. «i ,5. 36. (f- -d. 37. a. , h. TLATE XIX. PisiDiuM NiTiDuM, Jcnyns. External right aspect of two pairs from Swintoii, Lancashire. (T. ] colh) of a pair from Truro, Cornwall. (0. Boettger.) of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, "Warwickshire. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (T. llogers coll.) of a pair from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London. External right aspect of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hampshire, | lateralis.^^) of a pair from Louth, Lincolnshire. of a pair from Church Close, Mortehoe, Devon. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal - of two pairs from Deutschbrod, Bohemia. of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire. of a pair from Gt. Gaddesden, Hertfordshire. of two pairs from Lochmahen, Dumfriesshire. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. Internal aspect of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (T. Bogers of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants. (" Var. latendis.^') of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire. of two pairs from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal. of a pair and a left valve from Church Close, Mortehoe, Dev of two pairs from Deutschbrod, Bohemia. of a pair from Truro, Cornwall. (0. Boettger.) of a pair from Louth, Lincolnshire. of four valves from the Holocene in Surrey, near Staines. of two valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London of a right valve from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks. of two valves from the Holocene at Clifton Hampden, Oxfor of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire. External aspect of a series of valves showing variation, frc Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent. • of two valves from the Holocene at Clifton Hampden, Oxfor of a right valve from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks. of two valves from the Holocene in Surrey, near Staines. Internal aspect of a series of valves from the Pleistocene at Swans Kent. of two valves from the Pleistocene at West Wittering, Suss( • of four valves from the Croraerian (peat) at West Bunton, N of a pair from Gt. Gaddesden, Hertfordshire. *ijf* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figure?, shows the amount of magnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PI. XIX. A"' 3. •. I «. &. :^r% * * i.^ 1. 2. .'i. a-cl 4. a, h 5. a, h 6. a,h / . a, h 8. rt, h 9. a-l: '20,*, 0 ,?> 27. a, 5. 28. a, 5. 29. «, ^, 30. rt- -(Z. 31. «, h. 32. cr, h. 33. «, h. 34. ^, h. 35. ^, h. PLATE XX. PlSlDlUM TERSONATUM, Malm. External right aspect of a pair from Eitton Hall, Oldham, Lancas of a pair from Bassenthwaite, Cumberland. of four pairs from Lough Eern, Co. Donegal. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Earnes Common, Surrey. of a pair from Lancaster. (" /-*. niticlum var. splendens'^) of a pair from Eair Head, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex. of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia. External aspect of a series of valves from the Holocene of the ] Valley, Berkshire. External right aspect of a pair from Barnes Common, Surrey. of a pair from Meigle Moss, Selkirk. of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants. of a pair from Borough Pond, Mortehoe, Devon. External aspect of four valves from the Post-tertiary deposit at C( Essex. External right aspect of a pair from Lancaster. (" P. nitidw splendens") of a pair from Eair Head, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex. ■ of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia. Internal aspect of a series of pairs from Bishopttiorpe, York. of a pair from Bassenthwaite, Cumberland. of a pair from Borougli Pond, Mortehoe, Devon. of a pair from Meigle Moss, Selkirk. External aspect of two valves from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Es Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. Internal aspect of a pair from Lancaster. (" P. nitidiim^ var. splen of a series of valves showing variation, from the Holocene Kennet Yalle}^ Berks. of two valves from the Post-tertiary deposit at Copford, Ess of a pair from Menstrup, Sealand. of a pair from Fitton Hall, Oldham, Lancashire. of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants. of four valves from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex. \_a is abnormal.] of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex. of a pair from Barnes Common, Surrey. of a pair from Lough Eern, Co. Donegal. • of a pair from Fair Head, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia. *^* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of raap^nifi cation. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus, PI. XX, a 0 ^ J PL.iTE xxr. PisiDiuM pusiLLUM, (Gmelin) Jenyns. I External aspect of a series of pairs from Bracebridge, Warwickshire of a pair from the Botanical Gardens, Naples. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire. of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry. ■ ■ of a pair from Comber, Co. Down. « of a pair from the Holocene at Magheragera, Co. Permanagh. External aspect of three right valves from the Holocene at Westb on-Severn, Gloucestershire. right aspect of a series of six pairs from Woodburn Dam, Co. Ant of a series of four pairs from the Holocene of the Lea Va! London. of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire. of a pair from Comber, Co. Down. of a pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderrj'. of a pair from the River Po, Italy. External aspect of a series of valves showing variation, from the Pic cene at Swanscombe, Kent. External right aspect of two pairs from Magheragera, Co. Fermana^ of a pair from llhosneigr, Anglesey. of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. Internal aspect of four valves from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks of five valves from the Holocene at Westbury-on-Severn, Gloucej shire. of five pairs from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim. ■ of a series of pairs from Bracebridge, Warwickshire. of a pair from Ealing, Middlesex. of four valves from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Cher Mead, Surrey. of a series of valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, Lorn of two pairs from the Botanical Gardens at Naples. of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim. of four pairs from Magheragera, Co. Fermanagh. of a series of valves from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Ken of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire. of a pair from the River Po, Italy. of an abnormal pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry. of a pair from Willenhall, Staffordshire. of two valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West Runton, Nor of a pair from Comber, Co. Down. of a pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire. of two valves from the Pleistocene at West Wittering, Sussex. *^* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of mapcnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mas. PI. XXI. 3, ^_ €>M tfe. * _• 2. a, h. .*3. a,b. 4. a, h. 5. a-cj. 6. a, h. 7. a, h. 8. a,h. 9. rt, h. PLATE XXir. PiSIDICJM SUBTRUNCATITM, Malm. 1. a-f. Internal aspect of three pairs sliowing yariation, from the Six-mile-water, Antrim. of a pair from the Avon at Salisbur}-, Wiltshire. of a pnir from Drum Bridge, Lagan, Co. Antrim. of a pair from Catford, Kent. of three pairs and a left valve from Eanmore Common, Surrey. of a pair from Khosneigr. Anglesey. of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire. of a pair from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. of two valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London. 10. a, />. of four valves from the Pleistocene at West Wit- tering, Sussex. 11. of a right valve from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London. 12. ^ of a left valve from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent. 13. a-r, of three valves from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks. 14. rt, h. of two valves from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Chertsey Mead, Surrey. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the Ped Bridge Pond, Hampstead Heath, London. of a pair from the Six-mile-water, Antrim. External right aspect of two pairs from the lied Bridge Pond, Hampstead Heath, London. of three pairs from Six-mile-water, Antrim. External aspect of a series of four pairs from Eanmore Common, Surrey. of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire. External right aspect of a pair from the Avon at Salis- bury, Wiltshire. 24. ■ of a pair from Catford, Kent. 2b. of a pair from Ilhosneigr, Anglesey. 26. of a pair from Gloucester. *ji5* The scale in raillimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of magnification. 15. 16. 17. 18. «, h. 19. a. h. 20. 21. a- -h. 22. a. h. 23. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. Pi. XXII. • .! «-< ^' ^^! « CM I r, (I ( »-«■(! Old t are examples of the fractured and repaired valves whi^ not uncommon in the deposit.] of a series from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kert, of a similar series from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex. *jj:* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, .vhows the amount of magnification. ICat. Pisidium Brit. Mus, PI. XXIIl m'v\^ m,mr. » Q!'Q^. "W^a 4fc^ ^'^tt^a N|K ^^a **i ' a, 6 mM. L?' ^S 4% <«^»», ^K^.C ^WP;> PLATE XXIV. PisiDiTJM HENSLOWANUM, Slieppard. 1. a-f. Internal aspect of a series of valves from the Holocene at Blythburgh, Suffolk. 2. «-7i', of a series of valves of different ages to show variation, from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Chertsey Mead, Surrey. 3. «, 5, — of a pair from the Wendover Canal, Buckingham- _ _ shire. 4. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. 5. a, h. Internal aspect of a large pair from Lyngby-Bagsvor So, Sealand. 6. a, h. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. 7. a, h. of a pair from the Bed Bridge Pond, Hampstead Heath, London. 8. a-h. 1 of a series of valves of all ages showing variation, 9. a-i, J from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent. 10. a, h. of two valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West Eunton, Norfolk. 11. a-J. of a series of valves of different ages showing variation, from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex 12. a-j. from the Pleistocene at Swansoombe, Kent.. *j,t* Tlie scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of magrnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PI. XXIV. ^'®1 (fJd *## (id IVfUlBnnK] ;««i:-;;^-(i<> 2. a, b. J PLATE XXV. PisiDiUM supiNUM, A. Schmidt. Posterior and dorsal view, of two pairs from the Thames 2. a, b, J at Twickenham, Middlesex. 3. a, b. of a pair from Kickmansworth, Hertfordshire. 4. a, 6. "I of apposed valves from the Pleistocene at Grays, 5. a, b. J Essex. 6. rt, b. of a pair from the same formation and locality. 7. a, b. of apposed valves from the Pleistocene at Crayford- Erith, Kent. 8. a-h. External aspect of a series of all ages showing variation, from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex. 9. a-n. from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent. 10. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Marsworth, Buckinghamshire. 11. of a very triangular pair from Eickmans worth, Hertfordshire. 12. a-c. of three pairs of different ages from the Thames at Twickenham, Middlesex. 14. a-f. External aspect of a series of valves of the triangular form from the Cromerian (gravel) at West Run ton, Norfolk. 15. a-TiA External aspect of a series showing variation, of the > rounded-triangular form from the Pleistocene at IQ.a-Tc.} Grays, Essex. 17. a-h. 1 of the elongate- triangular form from the same 18. a-g. J deposits. PisiDiUM HENSLowANTJM, Shcppard. 13. a-n. External aspect of a series of valves of all ages from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex, for comparison with the closely similar form of P. supinum shown at 17 & 18. *^* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of magnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PI. XXV. m^W- ^^^?- /- ^V ^ ^^ ^c ^ c d e f & I .9 / i' ^ PLATE XXYI. PisiDiUM supiNusi, A. Schmidt. 1. rt, b. Internal aspect of a very triangular pair from Kickmans- worth, Hertfordshire. 2. a-j. of a series of valves of all ages showing variation, from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Chertsey Mead, Surrey. 3. a-f. ) from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, 4. a-7i. j Kent. 5. a-d. of two pairs from Marsworth, Bucldnghamshire. 6. a, b. of a pair from the Thames at Hampton Wick, Middlesex. 7. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. 8. a-d. Internal aspect of two pairs from the Thames at Twickenham, Middlesex. 9. a-d. of four valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West Eunton, Norfolk. 10. a-f. of six valves from the Cromerian (gravel) at the same locality. 11. a-b. of a pair from Bud worth Mere, Cheshire. 12. a-j. of a series of valves showing variation, from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex. PisiDiUM HENSLOWANTJM, Shcppard. 13. a-n. Internal aspect of a series of the tliickened form from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex, for comparison with the similar series of P. supinum shown at 4 and on PI. XXVII, 1 & 2. *j)f* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of mafrnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PI. XXVI. r.r/d.Q'^r.€ 'X % •% >^ d.^. '•-«> ad. ^d.d. mM. Internal aspect oi two pairs t u 3. a, b. j ^ * 1 Lough 4. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge t Namaddra, 5. a, h. Anterior and dorsal view of a pair | Co. Cork. 6. External right aspect of a pair J PisiDiUM MILIUM, Held. 7. a-j. Internal aspect of five pairs of different ages, from Totteridge, Hertfordshii'e. 8. a, h. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Comber, Co. Down. 9. a^ h. of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire. 10. a, h. of apposed valves from the Holocene at Gayfield, Edinburgh, 11. a, 6. of a pair from Ashridge, Hertfordshire. 12. a, h. Internal aspect of a pair from Blythburgh, Suffolk. 13. a, h. of a pair from Rhosneigr, Anglesey. 14. rt, h. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. 15. «, 6. of a pair from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. 16. rt, h. of a pair of valves from the Holocene at Newbury, Berkshire. 17. rt, h. of a pair of valves frona the Holocene at Shand Street, Tooley Street, London. 18. rt, h, r- of a pair of valves from the Pleistocene at Swans- combe, Kent. 19. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. 20. a-e. External right aspect of five pairs of different ages, from Totteridge, Hertfordshire. 21. of a pair from Blythburgh, Suffolk. 22,, — =^ of a pair from Rhosneigr, Anglesey. 23. of a pair from Comber, Co. Down. 24. of a pair from Ashridge, Hertfordshire. 25. —r^ — of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire. 2Q, — — of a pair from Castle Rising, Norfolk. 27. of a pair from Baguley Pit, Cheshire. 28. a, b. External aspect of two valves from the Holocene at Shand Street, Tooley Street, London. 29. rt, b. of two valves from the Holocene at Newbury, Berkshire. 30. a-f —^ of six valves from the Holocene at Gay field, Edinburgh. *** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures; shows the amount of magnification. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus, PI. XXIX, 4. a,h. 5. a, h. 6.. a, h. 7, a,h. PLATE XXX. PisiDiTJM OBTFSALE, (Lamarck) Jenyns. 1. a-h. External right aspect of a series of pairs of different ages showing variation, from Birch, Essex. 2. a, h. 1 Posterior and dorsal view of two pairs from the same 3. a, h. J locality. — — of a pair from Guildford, Surrey. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. ("P. nitidum , var. globosa, Jeffr." : T. llogers coll.) of a pair from Overgade, Malselvdalen, Norway. (" P. scholtzi, Clessin.") Exterior and interior right view of an abnormal pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry. 8. a-e. External right aspect of three pairs showing variation in form, from Lochmahen, Dumfriesshire. 9. a, b. right and left aspect of a pair from Llandaff^ Glamorganshire. |0. External right aspect of a pair from Guildford, Surrey. IJ. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge. 12, a, h. Internal aspect of a pair from Guildford, Surrey. 1.3. a, h. of a pair from Llandaff, Glamorgan. 14. a, b. — — of a pair from Eeydon Marsh, Suffolk. l^, «, b. — — of a pair from Lytham, Lancashire. J6. a-o. of a series of different ages showing variation, from Birch, Essex. 17. a, b. of a pair from Overgade, Malselvdalen, Norway. ("P. scholtzi, Clessin.") 18. a, b. of a pair from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. 19. of a right valve from Swinton, Lancashire. ("P. nitidum, var. globosa, Jeffr." : T. llogers coll.) 20. rt, b. of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire. *^* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures, shows the amount of niaj^niHcatiou. Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus. PL XXX. /^ i B.M. CN.H.V Ho. ai. LIST OF THE CURRENT NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS OP THE TRUSTEES OE THE BRITISH MUSEUM. The following publications can be purchased through the Agency of Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co., 39, Pater- noster^ EoWy London, E.G. ; Mr. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W, ; and Messrs. DULAU & Co., Ltd., 37, Soho Square, W. ; or at the Natural History Museum, Groinwell Eoad, London, S.W. The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum : — Vol. I. Libraries ; Botany ; Geology ; Minerals* Pp. xvii., 442. 1904, 8vo. 15s. Vol. II. Separate historical accounts of the several collections included in the Department of Zoology. Pp. 782. 1906, Svo. 11. 10s. Vol. II. — Appendix. General History of the Depart- ment of Zoology from 1856 to 1895. By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., formerly Keeper of the Department of Zoology. Pp. ix., 109. With Index.] 1912, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps, and Drawings in the British Museum (Natural Histoi'y). Compiled by B. B. Woodward, Assistant in charge of the General Library^ with some clerical assistance : — Vol. I. A— D. Pp. viii., 500. 1903, 4to. 11, Vol. II. E— K. Pp. 501-1038. 1904, 4to. IL Vol. III. L— 0. Pp. 1039-1494. 1910, 4to. 11. Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo. 2s. M. (28209r— 29.) Wt. -^7771— 57. 1500. 1/13. D & S. (>S.) A 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo- Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," 1881-2. Pp. XXV., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo. 11. 10s. Summary of tlie Voyage By Dr. R. W. Coppinger. Mammalia „ 0. Thomas. Aves ,, R. B. Sharpe. Reptilia, Batracliia, Pieces », A. Griinther. MoUusca ., E. A. Smith. Echinodermata „ F.J.Bell. Crustacea „ E. J. Miers. Ooleoptera „ C. 0. Waterhouse. Lepidoptera ... ,. ,, A. Gr. Butler. Alcyonaria and Spongiida ,, S. 0. Ridley. Keport on the Collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the " Southern Cross." Pp. ix., 344. 53 Plates. 1902, Royal 8vo. 21. Mammalia By Capt. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton. Notes on Antarctic Seals ... „ E. A. Wilson, M.B. Extracts from the " Diary " of the late Nicolai Hanson. Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pisces „ Gr. A. Boulenger, F.R.S. Tunicata „ Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S. MoUusca „ B. A. Smith. Echinoderma ,, Prof. F. J. Bell. Insecta „ G. H. Carpenter and Hon. N. 0. Rothschild. Arachnida „ Dr. E. L. Trouessart. Crustacea „ T. V. Hodgson. Polychffita ,, Dr. A. Willey. Gephyrea „ A. E. Shipley. cS^ ::: ;:: I - D-onLinstow. p&» ::: ::: [ - E-Kirkp^tnck. Anthozoa , Dr. L. Roule and S. J. Hickson, F.R.S. Actiniae „ J. A. Clubb. Hydrozoa ... „ E. T, Browne. Cryptogamia „ A. Gepp, V. H. Blackman, and Miss E, S. Barton. Rock Specimens „ Dr. G. T. Prior. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. [Discovery Report.'] Natural History : — Vol. I. Geology (Field-Geology : Petrography). Pp. xii., 160 : 10 plates, 72 text-figures, 2 maps. [With Index.] 1907, 4to. 11. 10s. Field-Geology By H. T. Ferrar, M.A., F.G.S. Rock-Specimens „ G. T. Prior, M.A., D.Sc, F.G.S. Yol. II. Zoology (Yertebrata : MoUusca : Crustacea). Pp. xiv., 355 : 33 relates (17 coloured), 146 text-figures, 1 map. 1907, 4to.^ 3?. Mammalia (pp. 69: 5 pis. [3 col.],) 36 figs.) \ By E. A. Wilson, M.B. Aves (pp. 121 : 13 pis. col., 46 figs.) ... ) BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3 National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued. Vol. II — continued. Anatomy of Penguins (pp. 28 : 1 pi., By W. P. Pycraft. 8 figs.) Fishes (pp. 5 ; 2 pis.) „ G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S. Cephalodiscus (pp. 67 : 7 pis. [1 col.], „ W. G. Ridewood, D.So. 17 figs.) Mollusca. I.— Cephalopoda (pp. 2 : „ W, E Hoyle, D.So. Ifig.) „ IL-Gastropoda ( (pp.12. 1 : I ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^q „ III. — Amphmeura | 2 pis.) ( " ' „ IV.— Nudibranchiat^ (pp. 28 : „ Sir Charles Eliot, 1 pi., 30 figs.) K.C.M.G., LL.D. „ V. — Lamellibranchiata (pp. 7 : ) 1 pi.) \ „ E. A. Smith, I.S.O. Brachiopoda (pp. 2 : 4 figs.) I Crustacea I. — Decapoda (pp. 7) ... ] „ II.— Cumacea (pp. 6 : 1 pi., \ „ W. T. Caiman, D.So. 4 figs.) I Yol. III. Zoology and Botany (Invertebrata : Marine Algae, Musci). Pp. vi., 273: 51 plates, 8 text-figures, and 1 chart. 1907, 4to. 21. 10s. On Collecting in Antarctic Seas (pp. 10) By T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S. Mollusca. VI.— I'teropoda (pp. 15 : „ Sir Charles Eliot, 2 pis.) K.C.M.G., LL.D. Crustacea. III.— Amphipoda (pp. 39 : „ A. 0. Walker, F.L.S. 13 pis.) „ IV.— Leptostraca (pp. 2 : „ Dr. J. Thiele. 2 figs.) „ v.— 08tracoda(pp.9:3pl8.) „ Prof. G. S. Brady, F.R.S. „ VI.— Cirripedia (pp. 4 : 1 pi.) „ Prof. A. Gruvel. Pycnogonida (pp. 72 : 10 pis.) „ T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S. Acari(pp. 6: 1 pi.) Dr. E. L. Trouessart. Ch^tognatha (pp. 6 : 1 chart) „ Dr. G.H. Fowler, F.L.S. Nematoda (pp. 4 : 1 pi.) „ Dr. 0. von Linstow. Cestoda (pp. 6 : 1 pi.) „ A. E. Shipley, F.R.S. Coelentera. I. — Alcyonaria (pp. 15 : „ Prof. S. J. Hiclsson, 2 pis.) F.R.S. „ II.— Hydroid Zoophytes „ Prof. S. J. Hickson, (pp. 34 : 4 pis.) F.R.S., and F. H. Gravely. „ III.— Tentacles of a Siphono- „ Dr. J. Rennie. phore(pp. 3 : 5 figs.) Porifera. I.— Hexactinellida (pp. 25 : „ R. Kirkpatrick. 7 pis.) Marine Algae. I. — Phseophyceae and „ A. Gepp and Mrs. B. S, Floridege (pp. 15 : Gepp. 4 pis.) „ „ II.— Corallinaceae (pp. 2 : „ M. Foslie. Ifig.) Musci (pp. 6 ; 2 pis.) ... „ J. Cardot. Vol. IV. Zoology (various Invertebrata). Pp. iv., 281 : 65 plates, 1 text-figure. 1908, 4to. 11. 15s. Mollusca. VII.— Solenogastres (pp. 13 : By Dr. H. F. Nierstrasz. 2 pis.) 4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued. Vol. lY — continued. Insecta. — Aptera (pp. 5 : 1 pi.) Crustacea. VII. — ScMzopoda (pp. 42 : 8 pis.) „ VIII. — Copepoda (pp. 44 : 7 pis.) Echinoderma (pp. 16 : 5 pis.) Echinoderm Larvse (pp. 9 : 1 pi.) Myzostomidge (pp. 26 : 1 pi. and 1 figure) Sipunculoidea (pp. 6) Coelentera. IV. — Actini£e(pp.l2 : 3 pis.) Porifera. II. — Tetraxonida (pp. 56 : 19 pis.) „ III. — Calcarea (pp. 52 : 12 pis.) By G. H. Carpenter, B.Sc. M.R.I.A. „ W. M. Tattersall, M.Sc. „ R. Norris Wolfenden, M.D. By F. Jeffrey Bell. M.A. „ E. W. McBride, M.A., F.R.S., and J. C. Simpson, B.Sc. „ Dr. Rudolf Ritter von Stummer-Traunfels. „ W. F. Lanchester, M.A. „ J. A. Clubb, M.Sc. „ R. Kirkpatrick. „ C. F. Jenkin, B.A. Vol. V. Zoology and Botany. Pp. ix., 212 : 28 plates, and 19 text-figures. [With a Summary of the Contents of Vols. II.- v.] 1910, 4to. n. 10s. Vertebrata. lA. — Mammalia (Seal-Em- bryos) (pp. 21 : 2 pis., 1 text-figure) Tunicata (pp. 26 : 7 pis., 2 text-figures) Crustacea. IX. — Isopoda (pp. 77 : 10 pis) Nemertinea (pp. 15 : 1 pL, 16 text- figures) Coelentera. V. — Medusas (pp. 62 : 7 pis.) Lichenes (pp. 11 : 1 pi.) By Dr. H. W. Marett Tims. „ Prof. W. A. Herdman, D.Sc, F.R.S. „ T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S. „ Prof. L. Joubin. J, Edward T. Browne. „ Dr. 0. V. Darbishire. Vol. VI. Zoology and Botany. Pp. xvi., 101 : 8 plates^ 1 key-plate, and 1 text-figure. [With Synopsis of Contents of the several volumes of Memoirs, Classified Summary of the Contents of Vols. I.-VI., Subject Index, and Index of Authors.] 1912, 4to. 16s. Echinoderma. III. — On a collection of By Prof. E. W. MacBride,. young Holothurioids (pp. 9 : 2 pis., and key to pi. 1.) Polychasta (pp. 32 : 3 pis.) Freshwater Algse (pp. 60 : 3 pis., 1 text-figure) D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. „ Prof. E. Ehlers. „ Dr. F. E. Fritscb, F.L.S. A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) : Physical Features and Geology by C. W. Andrews, B.A., B.Sc, F.G.S., with descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by numerous contributors. Pp. xv.,337: 22 plates (7 coloured), a map, and 27 illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1900,. 8vo. 11. First Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald, M.A., &c. [With an Introduction, containing a Classifica- tion of Animals from the point of view of Economic BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5 Zoologj^ oy Prof. E. Ray Lankester, LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xxxiv., 192. 18 Woodcuts. 1903, Roy. 8vo. 6s. Second Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald, M.A., &c. Pp. X., 197. 29 Illustrations. 1904, Roy. 8vo. 6s. MAMMALS. Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296, 1862, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 4s. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. By Knud Andersen. Vol. I. Megachiroptera. Pp. ci., 854 : 85 text-figures. [With Table of Contents, Introduction, and Index.] 1912, 8vo. 21. 10s. Catalogue of Carnivorous Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. ^s. 6c?. Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd Edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s. Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. M. Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia {Pecora, Linnaeus) in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. 6c?. Monograph of the Okapi. By Sir E. Ray Lankester, K.C.B., M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., &c. Atlas. Compiled with the assistance of W. G. Ridewood, D.Sc. 48 Plates, with xxii. pp. of Explanations, &c. 1910, 4to. 11. 5s. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4 Coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes,] 1888, 8vo. II. 8s. Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe (Europe exclusive of Russia) in the Collection of the British Museum. By Gerrit S. Miller. Pp. xv., 1019. 213 Text- figures. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, 8vo. 11. &s. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE BIRDS. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : — Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. Gichlomorphce : Part IV., containing the con- cluding portion of the family Timeliidae (Babbling Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. IL 6s. Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes. or Perching Birds. Gichlomorphce : Part V., containing the families Paridse and Laniidse (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorphce (Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Wood- cuts and 9 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. lis. Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. Fringilliformes : Part I., containing the families Dicseidae, Hirundinidae, Ampelidae, Mniotil- tidae, and Motacillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 11 2s, Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. Fringilliformes : Part II., containing the families Coerebidse, Tanagridas, and Icteridae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 431. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1886, 8vo. 11. Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. Fringilliformes : Part III., containing the family Fringillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 11, 8s. Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. SturniformeSy containing the families Arta- midae, Sturnidae, Ploceidae, and Alaudidae. Also the families Atrichiidae and Menuridae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15 coloured BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAT. HISTORY). 7 Catalogue of the Birds in the Britieh Museum — continued. Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 8s. Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passpriformes, or Perching Birds. Oligomyodce^ or the families Tyrannidse, Oxyrhamphidae, Pipridse, Cotingidae, Phytotomidse, Philepittidae, Pittidse, Xenicidae, and Eurylaemidae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix.,494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 11. 4s. Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds. TracheopJionce^ or the families Dendrocolap- tidse, Formicariidae, Conopophagidae, and Pteropto- chidae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890,. 8vo. 1^. Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picariae. UjJupce and Trochili^ by Osbert Salvin. Goracice, of the families Cypselidae, Caprimulgidse, Podargidae, and Steatomi- thidae, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xvi., 703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1892, ovo. 11. 16s. Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picariae. C or acice {coniin.y and Halcyones, with the families Leptosomatidae, CoraciidaG, Meropidae, Alcedinidae, Momotidae, Totidae and Coliidae, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11. 10s. Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariae. Scansores^ containing the family Picidae. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. XV., 597. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890^ 8vo. IZ. 6s. Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariae. Scansores and Coccyges : containing the families Rhamphastidae, Galbulidae, and Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indicatoridae, Capitonidae, Cuculidae, and Musophagida3, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484 : 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 11. 5s. LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OF THE -Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued. Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xvii., 658. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 11. 10s. Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xvii., 676. 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. 10s. Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Fterocletes, Gallince, Opisthoco?ni, Hemixjodii), By W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi., 585. 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. &s. Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicarise (Rallidae and Heliornithidse) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypy- gidae, Mesitidse, Rhinochetidas, Gruidae, Psophiidae, and Otididae). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 353. 9 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 1^. Vol. XXIV. Catalogue of the Limicolae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xii., 794. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. 5s. Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares. Gaviae. (Terns, Gulls, and Skuas), by Howard Saunders. Tubinares (Petrels and Albatrosses), by Osbert Salvin. Pp. xv., 475. Woodcuts and 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. Is. Vol. XXVI. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes. Plataleae (Ibises and Spoonbills) and Herodiones (Herons and Storks), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Ste- ganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate - birds. Tropic-birds, and Pelicans), Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins), by W. R. Ogilvie -Grant. Pp. xvii., 687. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1898, 8vo. 11. 6s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9 Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued. Vol. XXVII. Catalogue of the Chenomorphae (Pala- medeae, Phoenicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Ratitae. By T. Salvadori. Pp. xv., 636. 19 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vG. 11. 12s. A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nomen- clator Avium tum Fossilium tum Viventium.] By R. Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D. : — Vol. IV. Pp. xii., 391. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 10s. Vol. V. Pp. XX., 678. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1909, 8vo. 11. General Index to . . . Volumes I.-V. Edited by W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. Pp. v., 199. 1912, 8vo. 10s. Edition on large paper, printed on one side only. Pp. v.., 388. 1912, fol. 11. List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray : — Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidae and Picidae. Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. Is. U. Part IV. Columbae. Pp. 73. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo. Is. M. Part V. Gallinae. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1867, 12mo. Is. M. Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 8vo. Is. 6c7. Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum (Natural History) :— Vol. I. Ratitae. Carinatae (Tinamiformes — Lariformes). By Eugene W. Gates. Pp. xxiii., 252. 18 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1901, 8vo. 11. 10s. Vol. II. Carinatae (Charadriiformes — Strigiformes). By Eugene W. Gates. Pp. xx., 400 15 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1902, 8vo. IL 10s. 28209 A 2 10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum (Natural History) — continued. Vol. III. Carinatae (Psittaciformes — Passeriformes") By Eugene W. Gates and Capt. Savile G. Reid. Pp. xxiii., 349. 10 Coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 11. 5s. Vol. IV. Carinatse (Passeriformes continued). By Eugene W. Gates, assisted by Capt. Savile G. Reid. Pp. xviii., 352. 14 Coloured Plates. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, 8vo. 11. lOs. Vol. V. Carinatae (Passeriformes completed). By W. R. Ggilvie-Grant. Pp. xxiii., 547. 22 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, 8vo. n. Is. 6d, REPTILES. Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbsenians in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1844, 12mo. Is. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., (feet- Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d. Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis- bsenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3s. Qd. Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo- 4s. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, 8vo. 15s. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His- tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger : — Vol. II. Iguanidae, Xenosauridae, Zonuridae, Anguidae, Anniellidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae, BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). IL Oatalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum — continued, Teiidae, Amphisbaenidae. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.1 1885, 8vo. 1^. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytro- pidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Pp. xii., 575. 40 Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 11, 6s. Oatalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural /'History). By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S., &c. t— Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colu- bridae aglyphae (part). Pp. xiii., 448 : 26 Woodcuts and 28 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. IZ. Is. Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae aglyphas. Pp. xi., 382 : 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17s. 6d. Vol. III., containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. Pp. xiv., 727 : 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3 volumes.] 1896, 8vo. IL 6s. Oatalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Gunther. Pp. xvi., 281. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 12mo. 4s. BATRACHIANS. ^Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Gunther. Pp. xvi., 160. 12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s. FISHES. Oatalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second Edition. Vol. I. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British Museum. Vol. I. Containing the Centrarchidae Percidae, and Serranidae (part). By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp. xix., 394. Woodcuts and 15 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo. 15s. 12 LIST OF PUBLICATIOKS OF THE Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp, iv., 80. 4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s. Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S. :— Vol. I. Pp. xi., 373 : 270 text-figures. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, imp. 8vo. 1?. 12s. Qd. Vol. II. Pp. xii., 529: 382 text-figures. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] ]911, imp. 8vo. 21. 5s. MOLLUSCA. Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeifeer. Pp. iv., ]92. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Catalogue of the Auriculidse, Prosorpinidse, and Truncatellidab in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis PfeiJBeer. Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. Is. M. List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. :— Part II. Olivid^. Pp. 41, 1865, 12mo. Is. Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : — Part I. Veneridae, Cyprinidae, Glauconomidae, and Petricoladse. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s. Part II. Petri coladae (concluded) ; Corbiculadae Pp. 217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d. BRACHIOPODA. Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. [Issued as *' Catalogue of the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13 POLYZOA. Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.R.S. Pp. viii., 39. 38 plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, 8vo. bs. CRUSTACEA. Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alpha- betical Index.] 1862, 8vo. 11. 5s. ARACHNIDA. Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma^ based upon the Collection made by Eugene W. Gates and preserved in the British Museum.' By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406. [With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895, 8vo. 10s. 6d. INSECTS. Coleopterous Insects. Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection ot the British Museum : — Part YII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d. Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycidae. By Charles Gwen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 165. Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topo- graphical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d. li LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Halticidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S.. Physapodes and (Edipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 1860, 8vo. 7s. Catalogue of Hispidse in the Collection of the British Museum. By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x.,. 172. 9 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858,. 8vo. 6s. Hymenopterous Insects. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : — Part II. Apidffi. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1854. 6s. Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 1855. 6s. Part IV. Sphegidse, Larridse, and Crabronidae. Pp. 207- 497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856. 6s. PartV. Vespidge. Pp.147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha- betical Index.] 1857. 6s. Part VI. Formicidse. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858. 6s, Part VII. Dorylidse and Thynnidse. Pp. 76. 3 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859. 2s. List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I.^ Tenthredinidae and Siricidse. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 1^. 18s.^ A Revision of the Ichneumonidae, based on the Collection in the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new Genera and Species. By Claude Morley, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Part I. Tribes Ophionides and Metopiides.. Pp. xi., 88 : 1 Coloured Plate. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, 8vo. 4s. Dipterous Insects. A Monograph of the Culicidse, or Mosquitoes. Mainly com- piled from the Collections received at the British Museum from various parts of the world in connection with the BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 1& Investigation into the cause of Malaria conducted by the Colonial Office and the Royal Society. By Fred. V. Theobald, M.A., &c. :— Vol. III. Pp. xvii., 359 : 17 plates, 1 diagram, and 193 illustrations in text. 1903, 8vo. 11. Is. Vol. IV. Pp. xix., 639 : 16 plates and 297 text-figures. [With Index.] 1907, 8vo. 11. 12s. 6d. Vol. V. Pp. XV., 646 : 6 plates and 261 text-figures. [With Index.] 1910, 8vo. 11. 5s. Handbook of the Tsetse-Flies [Genus Glossina]. By Ernest Edward Austen. With 10 coloured plates and 24 text- figures, by A. J. Engel Terzi, and 1 map. Pp. x., 110. [With Index.] 1911, roy. 8v6. 5s. 6d. Illustrations of African Blood-sucking Flies other than Mosquitoes and Tsetse-Flies. By Ernest Edward Austen, with coloured figures by Grace Edwards. Pp. xv., 221 : 13 coloured plates, 3 text-figures. 1909, roy. 8vo. 11. 7s. 6cl. Lepidopterous Insects. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. By Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. : — Vol. I. Catalogue of the Syntomidae. Pp. xxi., 559 : 285 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1898, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 17 Coloured Plates, 8vo. 15s. Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Litho- sianse). Pp. xx., 589 : 411 woodcuts. [With Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1900, 8vo. 18s. Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (xviii.-xxxv.), 8vo. 15s, Vol. III. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (ArctianaB) and Agaristidae. Pp. xix., 690 : 294 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1901, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 19 Coloured Plates (xxxvi.-liv.), 8vo. 16s. Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Agrotinae]. Pp. XX., 689 : 125 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 23 Coloured Plates (Iv.-lxxvii.), 8vo. 16s. Vol. V. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Hadeninae]. Pp. xvi., 634 : 172 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (Ixxviii.-xcv.), 8vo. 15s. 16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae — continued. Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Noctuidse [Cucullianae]. Pp. xiv., 532 : 172 woodcuts. [With. Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 12 Coloured Plates (xcvi.-cvii.), 8vo. 10s. Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Noctuidse [Acronyctinpe]. Pp. XV., 709 : 184 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.! 1908, 8vo. 17s. Atlas of 15 Coloured Plates (cviii.-cxxii.), 8vo. 13s. Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae, II.]. Pp. xiv., 583 : 162 woodcuts. [With Table of the Phylogeny of the AcronyctinsB, and Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 14 Coloured Plates (cxxiii.-cxxxvi.), 8yo. 12s. t Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae, III.] ' Pp. XV., 552 : 247 woodcuts. [With Table of the Phylogeny of the Acronyctinae, and Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1910, 8vo. 15s. Atlas of 11 Coloured Plates (cxxxvii.-cxlvii.), 8vo. 12s. Vol. X. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Erastrianae]. Pp. xix., 829 : 214 woodcuts. [With Table of the Phylogeny of the Erastrianae, and Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1910, 8vo. 11. ' Atlas of 26 Coloured Plates (cxlviii.-clxxiii.). 1911, 8vo. 11. Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Sub-families Eutelianae, Stictopterinae, Sarrothripinae, and Acon- tianse.] Pp. xvii., 689 : 275 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, 8vo. 11. — —Atlas of 16 Coloured Plates (clxxiv.-cxci.), 8vo. 17s. 6d. Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum : — Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74. 78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 2?. 10s. Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89. 101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1886, 4to. 21. 4s. Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.] 1889, 4to. 21. Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144. 139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.], 1891,4to. 2?. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 17 Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum — continued. Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176 Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon.] 1893, 4to. n, 2s. Catalogue of the Collection of Palaearctic Butterflies formed by the late John Henry Leech, and presented to the Trustees of the British Museum by his Mother, Mrs. Eliza Leech. By Richard South, F.E.S. Pp.vi.,228. 2 Coloured Plates. With a Portrait and Biographical Memoir of Mr. Leech. 1902, 4to. IZ. Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vp. 7s. 6c^. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561. 1863. 4s. Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s. Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865. 6s. Neuropterous Insects, Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the ^2. Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Parti. Termitina. Pp.34. 1858, 12mo. Qd. Orthopterous Insects', Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidse. By John Obadiah Westwood, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 4to. dL Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. . Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d, 18 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,. F.L.S., &c. :— Part II. Locustidse (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d. Part III. Locustidae (continued). — Acrididae. Pp. 425- 604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s. Part IV. Acrididae (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. Part V. Tettigidse. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Blattariae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distri- bution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850 ; 43 ; 116. [With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s. Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. By W. F. Kirby : — Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gres- soria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae.) Pp. x., 501. [With Index.] 1904, 8vo. 10s. Vol. II. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae.) Pp. viii., 562. [With Index.] 1906, 8vo. 15s. Vol. III. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part II. (Locustidae vel Acridiidae.) Pp. vii., 674. [With Index.] 1910. 8vo. IZ. Hemipteroiis Insects. Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. 8vo. :— Part VI. Pp. 210. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 5s. Part VII. Pp.213. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 6s, Homopterous Insects. A Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae, By W. L. Distant. Pp. 207. [Index.] 1906, Svo. 5s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19 VERMES. Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, contained in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird. Pp. iv., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found, and an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s. Catalogue of the Chaetopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). A. Polvchaeta : Part I. — Arenicolidae. By J. H. Ashworth, D.Sc. Pp. xii., 175. 15 Plates, 6S Text- figures. [With Systematic and General Indexes, List of Text-figures, Description of Plates, &c.] 1912, roy. 8vo. 1^. Is. 6d. ANTHOZOA. Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 40. 2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. Qd, Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s. Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History) : — Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook. Pp. xi., 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, and Explanation of the Plates.] 1893, 4to. U. 4s. Vol. II. The Genus Turbinaria ; the Genus Astrseopora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Pp. iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates. [With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation of the Plates.] 1896, 4to. 18s. Vol. III. The Genus Montipora ; the Genus Anacro- pora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A., &c. Pp. vii., 192. 30 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With Syste- matic Index, Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation of the Plates.] 1897, 4to. 11. 4s. Vol. IV. The Family Poritidae. I.— The Genus Goniopora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. viii., 206. 12 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation of the Plates.] 1903, 4to. 1^. Vol. V. The Family Poritidae. II.— The Genus Porites. Part I. — Porites of the Indo-Pacific Region. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. vi., 303. 35 Plates. [With Index of Generic and Specific Names and Explanation of the Plates.] 1905, 4to. 1^. 15s. 20 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History) — continued. Vol. VI. The Family Poritidse. IT.— The Genus Porites. Part II. — Porites of the Atlantic and West Indies, with the European Fossil Forms. The Genus Goniopora, a supplement to Vol. IV. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. vi., 173. 16 Collotype and 1 Lithographic Plates [With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation of the Plates.] 1906, 4to, 11. BRITISH ANIMALS. Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. m. Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenide and Apidse. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New issue Pp. xi. 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae, and Vespidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s. Catalogue of British Hymenoptera of the Family Chalcididae. By Claude Morley, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Pp. 74. [Index.] 1910, 8vo. 3s. M, Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies, with notes by Ernest Edward Austen, Assistant, Department of Zoology, British Museum (N.H.). Pp. 74. 34 Coloured Plates. 1906, roy. 8vo. 11, 5s. A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L., Ed., Ll.D., Marischal Coll., Aber- deen, &c. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s. Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202. Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 Coloured). [With Table of Contents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index, Description of the Plates, &c.] 1892, 8vo. 12s. M. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 21 List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum ; with Synonyma and References to figures. 12mo. : — Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition. Revised by H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv., 224. 1856. Is. 9d. PartVI. Hymenoptera. By F.Smith. Pp.134. 3851. 2s, Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala and Brachiopoda. By Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851. 3s. 6d. Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164. (With Index and List of Donors.) 1851. 3s. 6d. Part XI. Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. Pp. iv., 51. 1852. Is. Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued). By James F. Stephens. Pp. iv., 54. 1852. 9d. Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853. Is. 4d. Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853. 6d. Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. Bv Adam White. Pp. iv., 42. 1853. Is. Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton.. Pp.199. [With an Index.] 1854. 3s. PLANTS. Illustrations of Australian Plants collected in 1770 during Captain Cook's Voyage round the World in H.M.S. " Endeavour." By the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks,. Bart., K.B., P.R.S., and Dr. Daniel Solander, F.R.S. [Being a series of lithographic reproductions of copper- plates engraved after paintings by F. P. Nodder, Jamea Miller, J. F. Miller, and John Cleveley.] With Introduc- tion and Determinations by James Britten, F.L.S., Senior Assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum : — Part I. — 101 Plates, with 31 pages of descriptive text.. 1900, fol. IZ. 5s. Part II.— 142 Plates (pis. 101-243), with 41 pages of descriptive text (pp. 35-75). 1901, f ol. 11. 15s. Part III.— 77 Plates (pis. 244-318, 45a, and 122), with 26 pages of descriptive text, including Index to the whole vrork (pp. 77-102), and 3 maps. 1905, f ol. IL 5s.. 22 LIST OF PUBLICATIOXS OF THE Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1855-61 :— Vol. I. Dicotyledons. By William Philip Hiern, M.A. F.L.S., &c. :— Part I. [Ranunculaceae to Rhizophoraceae.] Pp. xxvi., 336. [With Portrait of Dr. Welwitsch. Introduction, Bibliography, and Index of Genera.] 1896, 8vo. 7s. 6d, Part II. Combretaceae to Rubiacese. Pp. 337-510. [With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 4s. Part III. Dipsacese to Scrophulariaceae. Pp. 511- 784. [With. Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 5s. Part IV. Lentibulariaceae to Ceratophylleae. Pp. 785- 1035. [With Index.] 1900, 8vo. 5s. Vol. II. Monocotyledons, Gymnosperms, and Crypto- gams : — Part I. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms. By Alfred Barton Rendle, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S., Assis- tant, Department of Botany. Pp. 260. [With Index of Genera.] 1899, 8vo. 6s. Part II. Cryptogamia. Pp. 261-566. [With Table of Errata, and General Index to the whole work.] 1901, 8vo. 6s. Vascular Cryptogams ... By William Carruthers, F.R.S. Mosses ,, Antony Gepp, M.A., F.L.S. Hepatics ... ,j F, Stephani. Marine Algas ..." „ Ethel S. Barton. Freshwater Algae ... „ W. West, F.L.S., and G. S West, B.A. Diatomaceae J5 Thomas Comber, F.L.S. Lichenes ,, E. A. Wainio. Fungi . . ,, Annie Lorrain Smith. Mycetozoa ,, Arthur Lister, F.R.S. Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the Flowering Plants known from the Island. By William Fawcett, B.Sc., F.L S., etc., and A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., F.L.S., etc. Vol. 1. Orchidace^. Pp. xx., 150 : 32 Plates. [With Index of Genera and Species.] 1910, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Synopsis of the British Basidiomycetes : a Descriptive Catalogue of the Drawings and Specimens in the Depart- ment of Botany, British Museum. By Worthington George Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 531. 5 Plates and 145 Figures in Text. [With Index.] 1908, 8vo. 10s. BRITISH MUSEUM ^NATURAL HISTORY). 23 A Monograph of the British Lichens : a Descriptive Cata- logue of the Species in the Department of Botany, British Museum. Part II. By Annie Lorrain Smith, F.L.S. Pp. [viii.,] 409 : 59 Plates. [With List of Plates, Glossary, and Index.] 1911, 8vo. IZ. A Monograph of the Mycetozoa : a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum. By Arthur Lister, F.R.S., F.L.S. Second Edition, revised by Gulielma Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 302. 201 Plates (120 coloured). 56 Woodcuts. [With Indexes, Biblio- graphy, Glossary, etc.] 1911, 8vo. 11. 10s. List of British Diatomaceae in the Collection of the British Museum. By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, J2mo. Is. FOSSILS. Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S.:— Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insectivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268. 33 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 5s. Part II. Containing the Order TJngulata, Suborder Artiodactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s. Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Perissodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Ambly- poda. Pp. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s. Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Proboscidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5s. Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887 , 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368. 75 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. 6d. 24 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :— Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Pro- terosauria. Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6c?. Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239. 53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata, Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp. xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d. A descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London. Part I. By C. W. Andrews, D.Sc, F.R.S. Pp. xxiii., 205 : 91 Text- figures, 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, List of Illustrations, Explanations of Plates, &c.] 1910, 4to. 11. 5s. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, LLD., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. :— Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474. 13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo. IZ. Is. Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holocephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi,, and Teleostomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates, [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 11. Is. Part III. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the Orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli,. Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Pp. xlii., 544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1895, 8vo. R Is. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 25 Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History) — continued^ Part IV. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the Suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi, Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii, and Anacanthini. Pp. xxxix., 636. 22 Woodcuts and 19 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1901, 8vo. 1/. Is. A descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayiim, Figypt. Based on the Collection of the Egyptian Government in the Geological Museum, Cairo, and on the Collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London. By C. W. Andrews, D.Sc. Pp. xxxvii., 324 : 98 Text Figures and 26 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, 4to. 11. 15s. Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural History), with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). Part I. The Austra- lasian Tertiary Mollusca. By George F. Harris, F.G.S., &c. Pp. xxvi., 407. 8 Plates. [With Table of Families, Genera, and Sub-Genera, and Index.] 189>, 8vo. 10s. Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History) : — Parti. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con- sisting of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidae, Actinoceratidse, Gomphoceratidae, Ascoceratidae, Poterioceratidae, Cyrtoceratidae, and Supplement. By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 10s. M. Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nautiloidea, consisting of the families Lituitidae, Trochoceratidae, Nautilidae, and Supplement. By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 407. ^^ Wood- cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 15s. 26 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OF THE Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History) — continued. Part III. Containing the Bactritidse, and part of the Suborder Ammonoidea. By Arthur H. Foord, Ph.D.> F.G.S., and George Charles Crick, A.R.S.M., F.G.S. Pp. xxxiii., 303. 146 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index of Genera and Species, and Alphabetical Index.] 1897, 8vo. 12s. 6d List of theTypes and Figured Specimens of Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). By G. C. Crick F.G.S. Pp.103. [With Index.] 1898, 8vo. 2s. 6d A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History): — The Jurassic Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc, F.G.S., F.Z.S. Pp. [viii.,] 239 : 22 Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With List of Species and Distribution, Bibliography, Index, and Explanation of Plates.] 1896, 8vo. 10s. The Cretaceous Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc, F.R.S., &c. :— Vol. L Pp. xiv., 457 : 64 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Index and Explanation of Plates.] 1899, 8vo. 16s. Vol. II. Pp.'xlviii., 346. 75 Woodcuts and 9 Plates. [With List of Localities, Bibliography, Subject and Systematic Indexes, and Explanation of Plates.] 1909, 8vo. 13s. Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural Historv), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc, F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton College). Pp. xv., 322. 20 Plates. [With Preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1886, 4to. 11, 5s. The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, with a List of the Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). By F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Department. Pp. X., 70. 1 Woodcut. 1899, 8vo. 3s. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 27 Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works quoted, and an Index.] 1886,. 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., University Lecturer in Botany and Fellow of Emanuel College, Cambridge : — Part I. The Wealden Flora. Part I. Thallophyta— Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179. 17 Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1894, 8vo. 10s. Part II. The Wealden Flora. Part II. Gymnospermae^ Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1895, 8vo. 15s. Part III. The Jurassic Flora. Part I. The Yorkshire Coast. Pp. xii., 341. 53 Woodcuts and 21 Plates^ [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates,^ &c.] 1900, 8vo. 11. Part IV. The Jurassic Flora. II. — Liassic and Oolitic Floras of England (excluding the Inferior Oolite Plants of the Yorkshire Coast). Pp. xv., 192. 20 Woodcuts and 13 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1904, 8vo. 10s. Catalogue of the Fossil Plants of the Glossopteris Flora in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). Being a Monograph of the Permo-carboniferoua Flora of India and the Southern Hemisphere. By E. A. Newell Arber, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Pp. Ixxiv., 255 : 51 Text-Figures and 8 Plates. [With Bibliography and Alphabetical Index.] 1905, 8vo. 12s. 6d. GUIDE-BOOKS, Etc. A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Twelfth Edition. With 59 woodcuts, 2 plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. x., 117. 1909, 8vo. M. Guide to the Specimens illustrating the Races of Mankind (Anthropology), exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 16 Figures. Pp.35. 1912, 8vo. 4d 28 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Guide to the Galleries of Mammals (other than Ungulates) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). Eighth Edition. Pp. 101. 52 Woodcuts and 4 plans. Index. 1906, 8vo. &d. Guide to the Great Game Animals (Ungulata) in the Depart- ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Pp. 93. 53 Text and other figures. With list of Horns, Antlers and Tusks, and Index. 1907, 8vo. Is. Guide to the Elephants (Recent and Fossil) exhibited in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. C. W. Andrews, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 31 text-figures. Pp. 46. 1908, 8vo. 6d, Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family (Equidse) exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Pp. 42. 26 Figures. 1907, 8vo. Is. Guide to the Domesticated Animals (other than Horses) exhibited in the Central and North Halls of the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 25 Figures. Pp. 56. [With table of Contents, List of Illustrations, and Index.] 1912, 8vo. 6d. Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins (order Cetacea) exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 33 Figures. Pp. 47. [With Index.] 19U9, 8vo. ^d. Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R. Ogilvie Grant.] Second Edition. Pp. iv., 228. 25 Plates, and 7 Illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1910, 4to. 2s. 6d. Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R. Ogilvie Grant.] : — Part I. General Series. Pp. 149. [With Index.] 1905, 4to. 6d. Part II. Nesting Series of British Birds. Second Edition. Pp. 62. 4 Plates. [Index.] 1909, 4to. M. Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia and Amphibia in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 76 text and other Figures. Pp. iv., 75. [With Table of Contents.] 1906, 8vo. 6d. Guide to the Gallery of Fishes in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. W. G. Ridewood.] Illustrated by 96 Figures. Pp. v., 209. [With Preface by Sir E. Ray Lankester, Table of Classification, and Index.] 1908, 8vo. Is. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 29 Guide to the British Vertebrates Exhibited in the Depart- ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By W. P. Pycraft.] Pp. iv., 122. 26 Text-Figures, 1 Plan. [With Index.] 1910, 8vo. Is. Guide to the exhibited series of Insects in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). By C. 0. Waterhonse. Second Edition. Pp. 65 : 62 text- and full- page Illustrations. [With Table of Contents and Index.] 1909, 8vo. Is. Guide to the Crustacea, Arachnida, Onychophora and My- riopoda exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). (By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc, A. S. Hirst, and F. J. Bell.) Pp. 133 : 90 Text-Figures. [With Table of Contents and Index.] 1910, 8vo. Is. Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (MoUusca, Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms), Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Fifth Edition. Pp. iv., 133. 125 Woodcuts, Plan, and Indexes. 1908, 8vo. 6d. Guide to the Coral Gallery (Protozoa, Porifera or Sponges* Hydrozoa, and Anthozoa) in the Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Pp. [iv., 8] 73. 90 Illustrations, Plan, and Index. 1907, 8vo. Is. A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History). Ninth Edition. [By A. S. Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xvi., 100. 6 Plates, 88 Text-Figures. [With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified Rocks, and Index.] 1909, 8vo. 6d. A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History). Ninth Edition. [By A. S. Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xviii., 110. 8 Plates and 116 Text-Figures. [With Table of Contents, Lists of Illustrations, Geological Time-Scale, and Index.] 1910, 8vo. 9d. A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the Depart- ment of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum rNatural History). [By F. A. Bather, D.Sc, F.R.S.] Second Edition. Pp. x., 183. 7 Plates and 96 Text-Figures. [With List of Illustrations, Geological Time-scale, and Index.] 1911, 8vo. Is. List of British Seed-plants and Ferns exhibited in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). [By A. B. Rendle, D.Sc, F.R.S., and J. Britten, F.L.S.] With table of Sequence of Orders, and Index of Genera. Pp. 44. 1907, 8vo. 4d, (Out of print.) 30 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the De- partment of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition, revised. By Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 85. 91 Woodcuts. With Table of Diagnostic Characters, Glossary, and Index. 1908, 8vo. Ad. *Guide to Mr. Worthington Smith's Drawings of Field and Cultivated Mushrooms, and Poisonous or Worthless Fungi, often mistaken for Mushrooms, exhibited in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). Pp. 24 : 2 Plates, containing 28 coloured figures ; 4 text-Figures. 1910, 8vo., Is. Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). [By Arthur Lister, F.R.S.] Third Edition, revised. Pp. 49. 46 Woodcuts. Index. 1909, 8vo. 3c?. A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History). Eleventh Edition. Pp. 32. Plan. 1911, 8vo. Id. The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum (Natural History). Twenty-fourth Edition. Pp. 36. With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery. 1911, 8vo. 2d. An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History). By L. Fletcher, M. A., F.R.S. Thirteenth Edition. Pp. 123. 41 Woodcuts. With Plan of the Mineral Gallery and Index. 1910, 8vo. 6d. An Introduction to the Study of Rocks and Guide to the Museum Collection. Fourth Edition. By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 155. [With Plan of the Mineral Gallery, Table' of Contents, and Index.] 1909, 8vo. Is. An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the Meteorites represented in the Collection. By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S., &c. Tenth Edition. Pp. 120. [With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the Meteorites represented in the Collection.] 1908, 8vo. 6d, Special Guides. ;No. 2. — Books and Portraits illustrating the History of Plant Classification exhibited in the Department of Botany. Second Edition. [By A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S.] Pp. 19. 4 Plates. 1909, 8vo. M. * The plates may be had separately in one sheet mounted on linen and varnished. Price I*., or I*. 2d. post free. BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 31 No. 4. — Memorials of Charles Darwin : a Collection of Manuscripts, Portraits, Medals, Books, and Natural History Specimens to commemorate the Centenary of his Birth and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of " The Origin of Species." (Second Edition.) [By W. G. Ride- wood, D.Sc] Pp. vi., 50. 2 Plates. 1910, 8vo. 6d No. 5.— Guide to the Exhibition of Animals, Plants, and Minerals mentioned in the Bible. Second Edition. Pp. vii., 78. 7 Text-figures. 1911, 8vo. ^d. Instructions for Collectors. Handbook of Instructions for Collectors, issued by the British Museum (Natural History). With Illustrations. Third Edition. Pp. 144. Index. 1906, 8vo. Is. 6c?. Instructions for Collectors : — No. 1. — Mammals. Fourth Edition. Pp. 8. Text illust. 1912, 8vo. M. No. 2.— Birds and their Eggs. Fifth Edition. Pp. 13. 6 Text-figures. 1912, 8vo. M. No. 3. — Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes. [Third Edition.] Pp. 12. 1903, 8vo. id. No. 4.— Insects. Fifth Edition. Pp. 11. Text illust. 1911. 8vo. M. No. 5. — Diptera (Two-winged Flies). Third Edition. Pp. 16. Text illust. 1908, 8vo. M. No. 6. — Mosquitoes (Culicidse). [Third Edition.] Pp. 8. 1 Plate, 1 figure in text. 1904, 8vo. M. No. 7. — Blood-sucking Flies, Ticks, &c. By E. E. Austen. Third Edition. Pp. 24 : 13 figures in text. 1907, 8vo. 3rf. No. 8. — Spiders, Centipedes, &c. Second Edition. Pp. 4. 1906, 8vo. M. No. 9. — Soft-bodied and other Invertebrate Animals ; Shells of Molluscs. Third Edition. Pp. 18. 1909, 8vo. 3c?. No. 10.— Plants. Fourth Edition. Pp. 10 : 3 figures in text. 1909, 8vo. 3d No. 11.— Fossils and Minerals. Third Edition. Pp. 8. 1906, 8vo. M. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. September, 1912. ^3750 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-Series 458 458577 QL430.7 Catalogue of the C97 British species of B7 pisidium* LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS