« CATALOGUE OF WELWITSCH'S AFRICAN PLANTS. Part IV. ®l|p i. H. Itll Htbrarg Nnrtlt (Earoltna ^latp (ToUrap QK420 B85 v.l pt.4 NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES S02514768 X This book is due on the date indicated below and is subject to a fine of FIVE CENTS a day thereafter. :gvi^ ;^_h l^usevim (inIoV^H^') 3e.fi o^ Bo-^an^ . CATALOGUE OF THE AFRICAN PLANTS COLLECTED BY DIL FRIEDRICH AVELWITSCH IN 1853-61. DICOTYLEDONS, PART IV. LENTIBULARIACE^E to CERATOPHYLLEJR. BY WILLIAM PHILIP HIERN, M.A., F.L.S., CORRESP. MEM. R. ACAD. LISB. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. SOLD BY LONGMANS & CO., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW; B. QUARITCII, 15 PICCADILLY ; DULAU & CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ; KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRttBNER, k. CO., CHARING CROSS ROAD ; AND AT THE 5RIT1SH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W. 1900. \_All rights reserved.^ PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON, AND VINEY LONDON AND AYLESBURY. Utricularia] xc. lentiuulariace^-. 785^ XC. LENTIBULAUIACE.1^:. The luembevK of this family produce but little effect on the ])hysiognomy of vegetation in Angola ; tliey, ho\vev(u-, especially (lenlisea africami, adorn with their innunierahle mostly purple flowers the humid pastures of the Huilla highlands. Most of the aquatic and even the amphibious species bear yellow flowers, while the strictly terrestrial species are red, violet, purple, oi- white. In the coast districts only two species are found, and these belong to Utricularia. The terrestrial species begin to appear about 3000 ft. above the sea-level in soils that are kept moist even in the dry winter season by the presence of Algse ; they become more frequent and abundant both in species and individuals as the land rises in altitude, and they occur in the largest number of forms and species from 4500 to 5500 ft. The presence of the terrestrial species of Utricularia usually indicates a rich productive soil ; and even where they grow on a sandy soil, as occasionally happens in lluilla and about Pungo Andongo, their appearance is mostly accompanied with some impregnation of the land with fertilizing matei'ials. Heavy rains are apt completely to wash away the aquatic species, and many of the species suddenly disappear after a few hot and dry days. 1. UTRICULARIA L. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 987. •1. U. stellaris L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 8G (1781); Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 146 (12 Oct. 1865). IcoLo E Bencjo. — In the Lagoa da Funda on the left bank of the river Bengo, in company with Ca^hdia stpUari>i Salisb. and U. t'.roleta : H. Sept. 1854. No. 268- In the extensive Lagoa de Quilunda, near Prata, in company with C. stellaris and C. mystica Salisb., Lemna, and Phtia ; fl. end of Sept. 1854. No. 268i. Barka do Dande.— In the river Dande, the specimens probably fjrown in Lagoas de Bumbo and washed down ; without fl. Nov. 1853. No. 268c. An aquatic herb, floating by means of little bladders : rhizome ample ; flowers whitish violet or deep purple. In lakes on the left bank of the river Lifune, not far from Banza de Libongo. plentiful ; 11. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 268(/. 2. U. reflexa Oliv., I.e., p. 146. Huii.EA. — Rhizomes densely crowded, covering broad tracts of a small river ; flowers deep yellow or pale yellow ; corolla inside yellow or pale yellow. In the river Quipumpunhime and most of the other gently flowing streams in Sobato de Humpata, about 4800 ft. elevation, very plentiful ; fl. April 18G0. No. 269. Same place and date : in fr. No. 269/A 3. U. trierenata Baker ms. in Herb., sp. n. U. sp. n. i, aff. U. gihho L., Oliv., I.e., p. 147. Aquatic ; submerged leaves with capillary segments bearing bladders; peduncle slender, naked, 1- or 2-flowered, 1 to 3 in. long ; fruiting pedicels divaricate ; bracts orbicular, amplexicaul, basifixed ; calyx-segments ovate, equal, ^ in, long; corolla ^^ in. 51 786 xc. LENTiBULARTACE^. \Utricularm long ; upper lip orbicular, entire ; lower obseiu'ely 2- to 3- crenate ; spur as long as the lower lip. Httilla.— Flowers orange-yellow. At the muddy shore of the great lake of Ivantala where the river Cacolovar takes its rise, at an elevation about 4000 ft. ; fl. end of Feb. 18G0. No. 270. 4. U. exoleta Br. Prodr. p. 430 (1810). U. diantha Scliult. Mant. i. p. 169(1822); Oliv., /.c, p. 147; non Alph. DC. IcoLO E Bengo. — Floating, densely caespitose ; flowers small, pale yellow. In Lagoa da Funda, not far from the river Bengo, plentiful but not then seen elsewhere ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 267- Barra do Dande. — A tender, amphibious herblet, sometimes float- ing with a much branched rhizome laden with small bladders, sometimes growing on the damp mud with an abbreviated rhizome and without any bladders ; flowers deep yellow. At the margins of the river Dande and in neighbouring lakes near Bombo. sparingly ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1858. No. 267^. 5. XJ. diploglossa Welw. ex Oliv., I.e., p. 147. HuiLLA. — Annual, amphibious, sometimes floating, sometimes terrestrial, with its rhizome and branches bearing crowded bladders and aggregated in the form of cushions ; the bladders blackish green or livid purple, large in proportion to the size of the plant, com- pressedly ovoid, ramentaceous at the top ; scape scarcely an inch long, bibracteolate in the middle, 1 -flowered, erect at the time of flowering, bent downwards in fruit ; corolla yellow, moderate in size ; the upper lip 2- or 3-crenulate at the apex, not bifid ; the lower lip longer than and twice as broad as the upper, bent downwards, sub-entire and reflected on the margin, as well as the broadly conical obtuse spur furnished beneath with thin scattered hairs ; the palate very large and prominent ; anthers inserted on the filaments below the apex. In spongy places by streams and in still bays of the streams, in Morro <3e LopoUo, at an elevation of 5300 ft., plentiful ; fl. and fr. middle of May 1860. No. 271- -^t the banks of the river Monino. A more densely cifispitose form. No. 211b. 6. U. cymbantha Oliv., I.e., p. 147. HuiLLA. — Corolla pale yellow or straw-coloured, small. Sometimes floating, sometimes terrestrial, in rather shallow pools and covered with various species of AlgEe, creeping along mud and forming broad spongy patches ; in the more elevated wooded parts of Morro de Lopollo, seen nowhere else ; fl. April 1860. No. 272. This is the plant referred to as U. ecalcaruta in Journ. Bot. xxxv. pp. 38, 77, 78, 711, 81, X6, 87, and cf. p. 146 (1897) ; it formed a harbour for the following fresh-water algas : n. 179 ; Mougeotia (sp.), Prnium (sp.), P. vanohituin West, P. mhnduin Cleve, Docid'tum trifjemini/enim West, Tetmemni-HS fimmdatns Ralfs, .Micmsterias arcuata Bail., var. rndtpinnatifida West, and J/, tropien. Nordst., var. rrasm West. 7. U. subulata L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 18 (1753) ; Oliv., ?.c.,p. 148. HuiLL.A.. — An annual insignificant little herb ; leaves radical, spathulate-lingulate, greatly attenuate at the base ; scapes few- flowered, setiform ; pedicels spreading-divaricate ; flowers yellow ; capsules globose, red, resembling the sporogonia of mosses. In damp pastures near Empalanca, on the Humpata plateau, in mossy places Utricularia] xc. lextibulariace.e. 787 among low bushes, at an elevation of "loOO ft. ; H. and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 257. 8. U. reticulata Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. p. 119, t. 119 (1 Jan. 1808); Oliv., I.e., p. 149. HuiLLA. — A terrestrial marsh herb : root fibrous, the fibres very slender ; scape filiform, twining, 1 to \\ ft. high, 2-flowered ; flowers larger than usual, the largest among the Huilla species, deep blue verging on purple ; the spur descending, acuminate, but little curved forwards. In marshy somewhat spongy meadows on the left bank of the river Quipumpunhime, in Sobato de Humpata, at an elevation of 4800 ft., very rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 265. 9. U. prehensilis E. Mey. Comm. PI. Afr. Austr. p. 282 (1837); Oliv., l.c , p. 150, excl. var. Hrii.LA. — An annual herblet : rhizome ciespitose, slender, whitish, brittle, bearing little bladders and also leaves ; leaves rather erect, lanceolate or Ungulate, attenuate at the long base into the petiole, not uncommonly ending at the apex in a little bladder and there rooting ; scapes 3 to 5 in. long, erect, usually aggregated, 1 to 3 together, 2- to . The following No., represented in the British Museum set by a poor specimen, should be compared with this species, but the reference is very doubtful : — Pux(i(» Andongo.— A herb scarcely an inch high, growing in a caespitose manner, apparently perennial ; leaves erect-patent, somewhat fleshy, almost rosulate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; fruit fallen. In rocky sandy-schistose places on the right bank of the river Cuanza : without fl. end of Jan. 1857. No. 6743. X( 'I. GESNERACE.E. I . STREPTOCARPUS Lindl. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1023. 1. S. monophyllus Welw. in Archiv. Sc, Phys. &: Nat. Geneve, xi. p. 202 (1861), {uionojjhijlla). S. benyuelensis Welw. ex C. B. CI. in DC. Monogr. Phau. v, 1, p. 150 (1883). Huuj.A. — A herb, apparently perennial : radical leaf solitary, very large, very broadly cordate-o\ ate or cordate-oljlong, obtuse at the apex. 790 xci. GESNERACE.E. [StrejMcmyus bright green, coarsely wrinkled and velvety-pubescent above, whitish- shaggy scrobiculate and with thick pinnate nerves spreading beneath. at length fleshy-thickened near the base, lying close to the ground ; stem very short, fleshy, thickened, dichotomously or trichotomously divided a little above the crown of the root into purple scape-hke some- what thick rigid several-flowered occasionally foliate branches ; flowers handsome, somewhat nodding, as large as those of a foxglove, violet- blue, some cauline, others solitary near the central stem from the crown of the root ; ,calyx deeply 5-cleft, scarcely 5-phyllous, short ; its lobes 1 in. long : corolla tubular-funnelshaped, sub-bilabiate, the segments of the limb obtuse ; stamens 4, included, the posterior ones sterile ; the filaments narrowly clavate, those of the interior stamens incurved ; anthers sub-reniform, cohering ; ovary 1-celled, in form like the spike of a Myosurus ; placentas many-ovuled ; style firm, cylindrical ; stigma capitate-peltate, the apex thinly papillose, not bilabiate nor with reniform lobes ; capsule elongate-cylindrical, 1;^ to 2 in. long ; the valves 2, spirally twisted together ; seeds very numerous and small. On rocky declivities close to the banks of the river Monino in Morro de Monino, by rocks thinly covered with soil, at an elevation of 530O to 5600 feet, rather rare ; fr. and very few fl. 10 and 12 May 18G0. Xo. 1660 and Com.. C.vrp. 3(5 (not found) and 821. This species differs from N. Coopevi C. B. CL, /.'•., by the presence of pubescence on the exterior of the corolla ; it may be identical with a plant collected by Buchanan in 1891, n. 882, in Nyasaland. The solitary radical leaf is regarded as a persistent cotyledon ; see Crocker in Jouru, Linn. Soc. v. p. 65, t. 4 (18G0) and Dickie, I.e., ix. p. 12G (1865). XCII. BIGNONIACE^. The species of Bignoniacese found by Welwitsch in Angola and Benguella are in great disproportion to the total number, which amounts to between 500 and GOO ; this contrast is the more striking, because tropical countries in other parts of the earth form the principal seat of this Order. 1. STENOLOBIUM D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. ix. p.264 (1823). Tecoma Juss., sect. Tecomaria, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1044. 1. S. stans Seem. Journ. Bot. i. p. 88 (1863). Bignonia stans L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 871 (1762). Tecoma stans Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 834 (1825). Sierra Leone. — A subscandent shrub, as tall as a man ; flowers yellow. Cultivated in gardens at Freetown ; fl. Sept. 1853. Xo. 484. 2. NEWBOULDIA Seem. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1045. 1. N. Isevis Seem. (Journ. Bot. 1863 p. 225, and 1870 p. 337) : Bureau, Monogr. Bign. t. 15 (1864). S'pathodea Icevis P. Beauv. Fl. d'Owar. i. p. 48, t. 29 (1805?). Bignonia africana Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 424 (1783). Island of St. Thomas. — In the mountainous parts of elevated primitive forests, at Fazenda de Monte Gaffe ; fl.-bud Dec. 1860. Xative name " Quime.'' Represented in the British Museum by some fragments- and a drawing of the specimen copied from the study set. No. 1259. Spath0(U(c\ XCII. 1UGN0XIACK.E. 791 3. SPATHODEA V. Beauv. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1045. 1. S. campanulata P. Beauv. Fl. d'Owar. i. p. 47, t. 27 (1805 ?) ; 8eem. ill .loiirn. 15ot. iii. p. 332, t. 40 (1SG5); Welw. Apontam. p. 584, n. ti (1859). Biynonia tuUpifera Thonn. in Dauske Vid. SeLsk. iv. p. 47 (1829). S. tidipifera G. Don, Gen. Sy.st. iv. p. 223 (1837). LiH()N(;(>. — A tree of moderate size, with the habit of an ash ; leaves pinnate, deep green ; flowers racemose -cymose, red-orange in colour, campanulate, a little larger than even a very large tulip. In the more elevated forests of the interior part of the district, very rare ; fr. Sept. 1858. Coll. Cari\ 814. Cazemjo. — A tree ; leaflets mostly much larger and flowers half as large as those respectively in No. 48(3. In the primitive forest at the bank of the river Luinha, near Aguas Doces, during heavy rain ; fl. 31 Dec. 1854. Xo. 487. GoUNfiO Alto. — A handsome tree, when in flower one of the most beautiful in Angola, 20 to 30, usually 2(» to 25 ft. high, with the habit of the common ash ; leaflets with a blackish gloss ; flowers very large and crowded, scarlet, golden-coloured and somewhat crisp on the margin ; fruit lance-shaped, erect. In the less dense damp woods by the banks of sti'eams, plentiful, nearly throughout the district, flowering from September to the end of May, fruiting in June and July : near Sange, N-delle, Cambondo, Tromheta, and around Bango, fl. March 185G, fr. June 1H55, at 2400 feet alt. No. 486. By the Meiiha Lula road : seeds August 18.55. Coll. Cai;i'. Sl.'i. It is not uncommon in the district of Ambaca. In the primitive forests of Golungo Alto, in Sobato de Mussengue, it attains 70 ft. ; it is called '• Muten-andua " or " N-denand '' or "' Mangel-andua " or '' Mutenguenandua " or " Andenandua.'" Also in Pungo Andongo. 4. MARKHAMIA Seem. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 226. Muenteria Seem., I.e., 1865, p. 329. Dolichandrone sect. Mavk- hamia, Benth. &: Hook. Gen. PL ii. p. l04G. 1. M. stenocarpa K. Schum. in Ens:]. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3^, p. 242 (July 1894). Muenteria stenocarpa Seem. Journ. Bot. 18G5, p. 329, t. 36. Spathodea .stenocarpa Wehv. ex Seem., I.e. l)oUc1iand,ronestenocarp)(x Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 31. GoLUXiJi) Alto.— A moderate-sized tree, 2i) to 25 ft. high ; crown dilated, frondose ; branches patent ; branchlets tortuous ; flowering panicles erect ; flowers white or yellow, variegated with a rose or violet colour; fruit 1 to \h ft. long, linear, falciform. In dense primitive forests at the river Luinha, also as a small tree in secondary woods near Cambondo, sporadic and occasional throughout nearly the whole district : fl. and fr., Jan. and Feb. 1855, over-ripe fr. Dec. 1854. Xo. 482. PiNoo Am)iini;ii. — A stately, leafy tree, 15 to 20 ft. high or more : branches spreading ; branchlets ashy, much compressed at the nodes, bearing frecjuently drooping flowers ; leaves opposite, imparipinnate. trijugate, the terminal leaflet the largest : corolla smaller than in Spudiinha, greenish sulphur in colour outside, deep sulphur inside, marked with longitudinal blackish purple lines and points ; the lobes of the limb very crisp on the margin, dusky purple inside and beset with large round glands which somewhat resemble the yellow-margined apothecia of Lec'dca ; stamens 5, one of them short and rudimentary ; 792 xcii. BiGNONiACE^. [MarJchatuia capsule about a foot long, but little exceeding |\ in. in breadth, curved in a falcate manner, nearly smooth : seeds as in Spathoden. In the deep valleys among the gigantic rocks of the praesidium, in the forest of Mata de Cabondo and near Luxillo, not uncommon ; fl. and young fr. Dec. ]856 and Jan. 1856. No. 483. 1. M. tomentosa K. Schum., I.e., p. 242. Spathodea tomentosa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 462 (1849). Muenteria tomentosa Seem., I.e., p. 330, t. 35. Goi.UNGO Alto. — A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, or oftener only a shrub of 5 to G ft., always sparingly branched and strictly erect ; capsule 2 to 2^ ft. long. In bushy places at the outskirts of the primitive forests of which it is a remarkable ornament, sporadic ; near Sange at the base of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. Feb. fr. June 1855. No. 485. A tree, in primitive forests 30 ft. high or in secondary thickets only G to 8 ft. ; branches rambling, lax ; flowers yellow-orange, very handsome. In the forests and thickets, frequent throughout the mountainous parts of the district ; in the elevated primitive forests among the mountains of Cungulungulo ; fl. and ripe fr. Nov. 1855. No. 485'-*. A small tree ; leaves pinnate ; flowers densely spicate, large, saffron-yellow ; capsules 2 to 3 ft. long, outside cinnamon-tomento«e. At Sange ; fr. July 1857. Coll. Caiip. 815. Some fragments of the fruit of M. denncarpa are intermixed with the fruit of this species in Coll. Carp. 815 ; the description attached appears to belong exclusively to this species. " Moluanda " is the native name of a tree, belonging to Sjnithodea or an allied genus ; it has sulphur-coloured flowers and capsules a yard long ; the wood is strong and is generally used by the Golungo Alto negroes for the helves of pruning-hooks ; perhaps it belongs to this species. 5. FERDINANDIA Welw. ex Seem. Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 330, t. 37-38 ; non Ferdinanda Lagasca (181G) ; nee Ferdinandea Pohl (1827). Fernandoa Welw. ex Seem., I.e., 1866, p. 123. FerdAimndoa Seem., I.e., 1870 p. 280. Ferdinanda Welw. ex Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1047 (1876). Heterophrayma Benth. & Hook. i., l.e , p. 1046, partly; non DO. Femandia Baill. Hist. PI. x. p. 47 (1888); K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3^, p. 243 (1894). 1. F. superba Welw. ex Seem., I.e., iii. p. 330, t. 38 (1865). Bignonia Ferdinandi Welw. Apontam. p. 584, n. 10 (1859). Ferdinandoa superba Seem., I.e., 1870, p. 280. Femandia superba Baill., I.e., p. 48. Heterophragma F'erdinandi Britten, Journ. Bot. 1895 p. 75. Femandia Fernand/i K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2>b., p. 243, fig. 92, g. (1895). Golungo Alto. — An extensive tree, 25 to 40 ft. high, almost leafless at the time of flowering, a very beautiful ornament of the Angolan flora, patently branched a little above the base ; head densely leafy, broad, depressedly ovoid ; all the branches, even the lower thicker ones, and the shoots of the year covered with flowers ; leaves opposite, imparipinnate, 3- or 4-jugate, appearing immediately after the flower- ing ; flowers handsome, very large, fasciculate, orange-cinnabar in colour, striate with blood-red lines ; calyx globose-campanulate, in- flated, bursting into ?j or 4 unequal teeth with a loud crackling, shortly Ferdinandia'] xcii. liKiXONiACE.E. 793 velvety outside witli a violet-i)urple felt, obscurely quadrangular at tho base ; corolla campanulate-subbilabiate, inserted at the bottom of tho •calyx around the yellowish hypogynous disk ; stamens 5, four of them almost equal in height and bearing anthers, the fifth much shorter and without an anther ; ovary sessile, cylindrical-fusiform, surrounded with the tieshy disk and also a little imbedded in it, hispid-tomentose outside, apparently bilocular ; the ovuliferous placeuta usually almost entirely free in the cavity of the ovary ; style filiform, bilamellate at the apex, the lamellae usually cohering by their inner faces ; capsules pendulous, 1 h ft. and upwards, often 3 ft. long. In the bushy wooded parts of the primitive forest in Sobato de Bumlja, at the base of Sena de Alto Queta, at an elevation of 2200 ft., rather rare, in company with Iiitda ciKnizeunis O. Kuntze (Welw. Herb. no. t>2S) and Oncnba M'clwitschU. Oliv. (Welw. no. 537) ; fl. Xov. and Dec. ISaj, and Feb. to April 1^57 ; leaves fully open Jan. 1857 : fr. beginning of July 1857. No. 488 and Coi.i.. Caki'. 817. Capsules cylindrical-subulate, spirally twisted-angular, 2 ft. long, as thick as a man's finger. At Sange ; fr. beginning of Jan. 185(). C<»ll. Caim'. 81(). This plant was named in honour of Senhor Dom Fernando, king of Portugal, who constantly favoured and encouraged Welwitsch in his travels in Angola. G. CATOPHRACTES 1 ). Don ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1048. 1. C. Welwitschi Seem. Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 331, t. 39. Br. M lit). — Stem and leaves clothed with a snow-white felt ; the young branches often spineless, the old ones armed with long spines ; liowers milk-white in the living state. About 15^ S. Lat., in moun- tainous bushy rocky and gravelly places, about GO geographical miles from the ocean, at an elevation of 1000 to 1200 ft., only between Pomangala and Quitibe, tolerably plentiful : fr. and few H. June 18(30. No. 490. A sarmentose, spiny shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high. Near Pomangala ; fr. Oct. 1859. Coll. Cakp. 818. A shrub as tall as a man, branched from the base ; leaves more or less spathulate, silvery-tomentose, dentate ; flowers white ; corolla-tube long : stamens 5. In dry hilly places between Quitibe and Pomaugala, plentiful : fl. and fr. beginning of June 18(;o. Coll. Caup. 819. Bentham c^' Hooker, l.r., p. 1049, unite this with tho original species of the genus, C Ahxniidri D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 308, t. 22 (1840). 7. KIGELKEIA Bafin. Sylva Tellur. p. 16G (1838). Sotor Fenzl in Ber. xxi. Versamml. Deutsch. Naturf. 1843, p. 1G8 (1844). Kiyelia DC. Prodr. ix. p. 247 (1845) ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1U53. 1. K. pinnata. Crescentia pinnata Jacq. Collect, iii. p. 203, t. 18 (1789). Tiuio- ■ciutn pinnatum Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 312 (1801). Tripinuaria africana Spi-eng. Syst. ii. p. 842 (1825). Sotor cpthioplaun Fenzl, I.e. Klgdia pinnata DC, I.e. ; 8eem. Journ. Bot. 18G5, p. 333. GonNcio Alto.— A tree, 10 to 35 ft. high : trunk G to 30 in. in diameter at the base, in the smaller trees 2 or 3 times divided into branches at the height of 5 to 7 ft. : branches erect-spreading, loosely leafy ; branchlets compressed about the nodes ; leaves opposite, multi- jugate ; flowers paniculate, very handsome, con.spicuous from afar. 794 xcii. BiONONiACEJ^. [Kigelkeict especially those on the lower branches, which are always more abundant and larger than the upper ones, on account of their orange-scarlet colour ; peduncles drooping-pendulous from the uppermost axils ; the common peduncle 1 to 'J ft. long, much flattened-dilated above towards the insertion of the pedicels, striate ; pedicels subverticillate, dichoto- mous, recurved upwards, thick, very rigid ; calyx fleshy-coriaceous, green, tubular-campanulate, variously cleft or bilabiate, the upper lip a little narrower and longer than the lower, both lips rounded or very obtuse, quite entire, with a narrow scarious blackish membrane at the margin, the lower lip supplied outside with roimd irregularly arranged glands : corolla coriaceous (except the lobes), rigid, smooth outside, brittle, orange-scarlet or pale red outside, deep scarlet or orange- cinnabar inside, ringent : the lower part of the tube funnel-shaped, yellowish both inside and out, constricted a little above the base, then abruptly dilated and curved ; the limb very wide, bilabiately 4-cleft, that is, the upper lip slightly bifid and the lower lip more deeply trifid, all the lobes repand-dentate on the margin, somewhat obtuse, corru- gated-crisp oriplicate-undulate, scarcely ever fully expanded, scrobicu- late-veiny on the inner face ; the three lower lobes subequal, long, with a thick nerve and longitudinally striate : stamens 5, inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube where it is constricted and curved forwards, included, 4 of them didynamous and fertile, the fifth 3 or 4 times shorter sterile and without an anther ; filaments cylindrical, yellowish, but little attenuate towards the apex, thinly hirsute with whitish hairs at the base : anthers large, yellowish, attached at the apex, 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dehiscing and divaricate in a sagittate manner ; the sterile stamen placed between the two shorter fertile stamens and corresponding to the cleft or sinus of the upper lip of the corolla ; disk perigynous, thick, yellowish, fleshy, turgid, annular, smooth, lying at. the bottom of the calyx and surrounding the base of the ovary ; ovary sessile at the bottom of the calyx, conical-cylindrical, 2-celled, the cells many-ovuled ; style elongated,, exceeding the stamens, cylindrical, flattened towards the apex ; stigma consisting of two ovate-lanceolate lamellae stigmatose on the inner face ; fruit pendulous, conical-cylindrical, 1 to Ih ft. long, 2 to 3 in. in diameter, green, somewhat warted, a little compressed on two sides. more or less dusky when ripe ; seeds numerous, not winged, nestling in pulp whioh is pervaded with woody fibres. The fifth stamen is always present, and in only one instance out of more than fifty flowers examined was it found fertile. At the outskirts of primitive forests, especially by streams in Sobatos de Bumba and Bango Aquitamba, and about Sange by the Delamboa rivulet ; fl. May to Dec, fr. Jan. to April 1^5-i-[>6. No. 489. In company with 2\//lophon( conspicun N.E. Br. ; Welw. Herb. no. 4215. In damp woods at the river Muia. near Trombeta ; fl. June 1856. A form with much more ample leaflets. No. 491. Flowering and fruiting racemes pendulous ; ripe fruit 18 to 20 in. long by 2^ to 3 in. in transverse diameter. In Mata de Quisucula, at the river Delamboa ; fr. Oct. 1855. Coll. Cakp. 820. The Mozambique vernacular name is " Kigeli-Keia"; in Bango it is called " Cambumbi." XCIII. PEDALIACE^. These plants Welwitsch regarded as foi-ming groups of Big- noniacese ; in contradistinction to the latter they are well repre- sented in Angola and Benguella, and indeed are more frequent I'terodiscHs] xciii. rEUALiACE.K. 795 than in other tropical countries; but as they consist mostly of herbs tliey tlo not greatly affect the physiognomy of the vegetation. The tribe Pedaliese has only one representative in the collection, and of that one only a single specimen was fovnid ; but it is very probable that rucaria procuuihpns Burch., the grapple plant, occurs in the southern part of ]\Iossamedes on the sandy Cunene plains. The tribe Sesamea? is most frecjuent about Benguella and in the Massamedes district. Two species of Sesavium, namely, S. angolense and S. rigidnm, have both opposite and alternate leaves on one and the same specimen. The cultivation of S. orientals, which is carried on with profitable results in India, Egypt, Mozambique, etc., was started in Angola during the time when Pedro Alexandi-ipho do Oonha was governor-general, and again at a later period before Welvvitsch's time, though always with but small success ; but the experiments appear nut to have been made in the parts of the province best adapted for the purpose. The colonists complained that the exceedingly irregular ripening of the seeds so reduced the crop that the cultivation of this oil-plant had resulted in a loss; during the latter part of his travels, however, Wehvitsch saw in the interioi-. chiefly on the high plateau east of Pungo Andongo, the plant cultivated by tlie negi-oes, though only in small quantities and foi- their own use, and he was firmly convinced that trials made by experienced colonists and in properly chosen districts in the highlands would lead to favourable results. The negroes of Pungo Andongo cultivate it, not for the extraction of oil, but for making cakes, which they bake with the crushed seeds, and which they look upon as a delicacy. In Cazengo the cultivation had been attempted and given up, as it was found that birds devoured the seeds of the Sesamum before they ripened, and that Arachi.s ki/po(jcHa afforded a far more certain and profitable yield for the production of oil. Several species possess roots containing a I'ed dyeing material,, which even in the herbarium stains paper, and they might perhaps be used for dyeing pui-jjoses ; this material is most strongly developed in Sesamvm tripJujUwa, a species which is widely distributed from the banks of the Maiombo behind Mossamedes up to the high plateau of Huilla. A mucilaginous infusion is obtained from species found about Lopollo and JIuilla. ;S'. pentaphijlhuii with its large violet-purple flowers, and still more so the S. anyolense of Pungo Andongo, are very ornamental plants, and probably might, at least in the warmer European countries, be grown in tlie o{)en air. 1. PTERODISCUS Ifook.; Benth. d- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1U57. 1. P. aurantiacus Welw. in Ti-ans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 5.3 (18G9); Schinz in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. x.xx. p. 181 (23 June 1888). MossAMEDKs. — A decumbent herb, glaucous-pruinose beneath : root thick, fusiform, almost napiform : stem prostrate, succulent, nearly 796 xciii, PEDALiACE^. [PterocUscus glabrous ; branches opposite ; leaves obovate- or oblong-spathulate, tleshy-thickisb, succulent, rounded-obtuse at the apex, gradually narrowed at the base into the petiole of | to Ij in. long, repand or sinuate-dentate on the margin, densely glandular-lepidote on both faces ; flowers axillary, solitary, scarcely an inch long ; corolla between funnel- and salver-shaped, of a bright deep orange colour ; the tube cylindrical, h in. long, J in. in diameter ; the limb 5-lobed, spreading, sub-bilabiate ; stigma deeply bilobed ; fruit drooping, ovoid-pyramidal, 4-winged ; the wings semicircular, broad, radiately plicate, scarious, entire on the margin. In a sandy place at the banks of the river Bero near Mossamedes ; only one old specimen ; ti. and fr. July 1859. No. 1658. ■2. ROGERIA J. Gay ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1057. 1. R. adenophylla J. Gay in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 1, i. p. 457 (1824). Mossamedes. — An annual herb, 1 to U ft. high ; flowers handsome ; corolla orange in colour outside, the interior of the tube and the whole limb felted with a pale purple velvet ; capsule many-sided, scarcely -quite 4-celled, beaked with the remains of the style, the beak obliquely truncate ; testa of the seeds deeply foveolate or scrobiculate. At the rocky bank of the river Bero, among tall bushes, fl. and fr. Aug. 1859, and at the bank of the river Maiombo in Oct. 1859 ; one specimen in each place. No. 1657. A herb of 2 to ?> ft. ; leaves glaucous ; flowers large, Bignonioid, glaucous-purple. At Pedra do Rei, near Boca do Bero ; one specimen ; fr. Oct. 1859. A plant well worth cultivating. Coll. Carp. 42. The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases of diarrhoea, etc. 3. SESAMOTHAMNUS Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 49 (1869) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1058. 1. S. benguellensis Welw., I.e., p. 50, t. 18. BuMiso. — A much-branched, spiny, arborescent shrub as tall as a man, or rather a shrubby tree, leafless during the greater part of the year, sparingly flowering, more sparingly and only in copiously rainy years fruiting ; trunk 1 to 3 ft. in diameter, at the height of scarcely Ih ft. divided into 3 to 7 tortuously ascending branches as thick as a man's arm ; bark of the trunk from whitish to ashy, smooth, here and there horizontally rugulose : branches irregularly ramulose ; branchlets erect-patent, very crowded ; twigs spinescent, bearing on their axils leaf-buds wrapped in short whitish wool, floriferous below the apex ; leaves sub-fasciculate in the axils of the spines, obovate-oblong, glaucous-green, somewhat fleshy and rigid, very obtuse and mucronate with a slender seta at the apex, narrowed at the base into the petiole, opening a little after the flowering, falling soon afterwards, articulate ; base of the petiole persistent on the stem and remaining in the form of a spine always truncate at the apex; flowers handsome ; corolla from whitish to rosy outside ; the tube elongated, with a long spur at the base ; the spur conical-lanceolate, almost an inch long ; the limlj spreading, 5-lobed, white or milk-white ; fruit dusky black, almost like that of a Se.mmHm. In rocky mountainous sparingly bushy places in Serra da Cazimba, on dry hills composed of a sandy schist, between Cazimba and Quitibe, at an elevation of GOO to 1000 ft., sporadic ; with a few fl.-buds and a simple open fl. Oct. 1859, in company with Jlood'ta paraflimi N.E. Br. (Welw. Herb. no. 42G5) and Oitnphracle.-i Sesamothamnxis] xciii. pedauace.*:. 797' Welwitschi Seem. (Welw. Herb. no. 490) : near Cazimba, plentiful, ripe f r. and but few leaves 5 June 1 8r)U. Xo. 1509. The plant is used medicinally as a demulcent and refrigerant in cases of inflammation of the face, mouth, eyes, and urinary passages. 4. SESAMUM L. : Beutb. .t Hook. f. (ien. PI. ii. p. 1058. 1. S. orientale L. Sj). PL, edit. 1, p. G34 (1753). S. indlcum L., l.c.\ Welw. Apontam. ]>. 551, .sub n. 103 (1859) ; Ficalho, PI. Utei.s, p. 2."»7 (1884). Anthadenia sesamoides Van Houtte in Hort. Vanhoutt. fa.sc. i. p. 4 (1845). Volkameria orientalis O. Kuntze, Jlev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 481 (1891). V. sesamodes U. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. LiBONGO. — An annual, erect, branched herb, \h to 4 ft. high : corolla pale rosy purple. In moist bushy places on" the left bank of the river Lif une, here and there ; £1. and fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 1639. Cazenco. — Seeds dusky yellow. Among low scattered bushes near Cacula, in company with Cimtnthcat i/iffigr/hracfrata Engl. (Welw. Herb. no. 1(549), not uncommon : fl. and fr. June 18.55. No. 1640. GoLUNT.o Alto. — Seeds black. In bushy wooded places on a sandy clay soil at the banks of the river Cuango, near Sange ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 1638. PuNCJo Ani)(>n(!(). — In moist sandy places at the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; fl. and unripe fr. Dec. 185G ; also in neglected fields covered with bushes near Condo ; fr. March 1857, mostly very sporadic. No. 1641. No. 1642 is a specimen of the same species from G. Don's herbarium obtained at Sikkk.v Leone, where it is called " Kinu Thorny" or '' Palaver sauce plant." In Angola native names are "N-guilla," " N-gilla," " Anguilla," " Uanguilla," " Ricola," and " Ocoto " ; the Portuguese name is "Gergelim." 2. S. calycinum Wehv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 52 (1869) ;. Engl. Bot. Jalub. xix. p. 158 (1894). S. indicurn L., var. ? anyustifolium Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 131 (1875). Volkameria calyclna 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. Puxf;o Andonco. — Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, erect, simple or usually divided towards the apex into 3 to 5 elongated virgate branches ; leaves half as large as those of »S'. augolense, lepidote beneath between the purple veins with white depressed scales, each of which consists of four connate obtusely (piadrangular parts ; flowers rosy purple, secund, drooping, ;"; to nearly ih in. long : calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, with a very long acumen at the apex ; capsule gradually attenuate at the apex in a long acumen ; seeds nearly similar to those of S. angolense . In the drier sandy thickets between Caghuy in the pra;sidinm and Sansamanda ; fl. and few fr. beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 1644. 3. S. angolense Welw. Apontam. p. 588, n. 59 (1859), and in Trans. Liun. Soc. xxvii. p. 51 (1869); Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 158 (1894). .S'. maaunthu7u Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p, 131, t. 84 (1875). Volkameria amjolensia 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. PuNGO Andongo. — A sufft-uticose herb, 3 to 5 or rarely G ft. high : 798 xciii. rEDALiACE.E. [Sesamum stem straight, sparingly Ijranched towards the top ; leaves obovate- oblong, the upper ones obcuneate, all obtuse and more or less ■emarginate at the apex, membranous, somewhat rigid, deep green and rugulose above, clothed beneath with a lax or rather dense adpressed whitish felt or hoary with a loose coarse tomentum ; flowers very large and handsome, brilliantly purple or rosy violet, very like a foxglove, drooping ; seeds obovate, 4-edged. delicately reticulate-wrinkled on the faces. In sandy woody thickets between the streams Lutete and Luxillo, near Fundo de Cazella, fl. and unripe fr. 18 Oct. 1856 ; from Cazella to the right bank of the river Cuanza, Catete, etc., fl. and fr. beginning of Jan. 1857 ; also near Lombe, very sparingly, fl. and f r. March 1857. No. 1645, and Coll. Cai:i>. 169. This is the Se-'turuinn, which, "far surpassing all other herbaceous plants in splendour, size and richness of blossoms, appears prominently in all the less dense places of the wood " ; see Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 153 (1859). 4. S. digitaloides Welw. ex 8chinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. p. 454 (1896). MosSAMEDEfJ. — An annual or biennial herb, erect, 4 to 5 ft. high, divaricately branched from the base, pubescent ; flowers handsome, of a deep rosy purple colour. In bushy gravelly maritime places at the banks of the rivers Giraiil and Bero, usually flooded ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1647- 5. S. antirrMnoides Welw. ms. in Herb, ex H. Schinz (Aschers.) in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxx. p. 183 (1888). Volkameria antirrhinodes 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. An erect, branched, annual herb, \ to 3 ft. high, rarely taller, hirsute with spreading hairs, viscid-glandular, sparingly branched ; stem and branches obtusely quadrangular, more or less leafy ; leaves opposite or subopposite, undivided, entire or remotely denticulate-repand, narrowly elliptical or .sublanceolate, obtuse and apiculate or somewhat pointed at the apex, wedge- shaped at the base, membranous-herbaceous, 1 to 2 in. long by 4 to i in. broad; petioles ranging up to f in. long; flowers axillary, solitary, about 1 in. long ; peduncle about -J in. long in flower, about J or \ in. long and thickened especially upwards in fruit ; bracts 2, at the base of the peduncle and nearly equallino' or rather exceeding it (one linear-filiform and the other spathulate), with a perforated globular apparently abortive flower-bud or large gland (nectary) between them ; calyx-segments narrowly lanceolate, i to ] in. long; corolla rosy violet or purple, minutely glandular and thinly pilo.se outside, campanulate-tubular, the tube about ^ in. in diameter at the oblique throat, the limb about i in. in diameter; capsule oblong, roundedly tetragonal, somewhat compressed, 4-furrowed longitudinally, acuminate- beaked, hirsute, glandular, f to 1 in. long (including the beak of - in.), about 1 in. broad, loculicidally 2-valved ; seeds numerous, obovate, compressed, J^ in. long, black, with a rather broad uninterrupted projecting border or narrow wing round each face, foveolate-rugulose within the borders. MossAMEDES,— In bushy sandy places at the banks of the river .Sesamum] xciii. pi-dauace.*;. 799 Bero, plentiful; fl. and fr. July 18.o9. No. 1648. Same locality, fr. June 1859. Coi.l. Carp. 23. This plant stains paper a reddish colour. The following No. probably belongs to this species :— MossAMKDKS. — Root dyeing red. In bushy places on a sandy clay soil, near Giraul ; without H. or fr. July 1859. Xo. 1655- G. S. pedalioides Wehv. ms. in Herb. An erect, pul)escent, branched, rather wiry lierb, I to 2 ft. liigli or more ; l)ranches alternate and oi)posite, spreading, ascending, obtusely tetragonal, leafy ; leaves op[)osite sub- opposite or alternate, sublinear or narrowly spathulate, grey- green, puberulous, branny-glandular, entire or subrepand on the narrowly thickened-revohite margin, 1 to 2 in. long by y\y to 1 in. broad, spreading, obtusely pointed at the apex, wedge- shaped at the sessile or shortly petiolate base ; flowers axillary, solitary but usually with a shortly stalked abortive flower-bud or large gland in the same axil and a pair of similar buds in the opposite axil, .! in. long ; peduncles short, yg- to i in. long ; calyx i in. long, hirsute, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes narrowly lanceolate- linear, acute ; corolla broadl}'^ campanulate-funnelshaped, some- what ventricose at the base, thinly pilose outside, membranous, veiny, shortly lobed, the lobes rounded at the apex ; stamens 4, subdidynamous ; anthers o])long, included; ovary ovoid-oblong, haiiy; style puberulous, ], to ] in. long, included; .stigma bilobed ; capsule hairy, ovoid-oblong, roundedly tetragonal, some- what compressed especially upwards, very obtuse, su])truneate and slightly emarginate at the apex, I in. long, with a furrow down each of the four sides, 4-coi-nuate at the base, bivalved, dehiscing from the apex ; seeds in four longitudinal rows, blackish, obovate, flattened on tlie two faces, ^.. in. long, with a narrow wing or border surrounding each face except the narrow base, rugulose-ribbed within the borders more or less transversely or radiately. MossAMEDES. — In sandy sparingly herljaceous thickets on the left bank of the river Bero, here and there ; fl. and fr. July 1859. Xo. 1643, and CoiJ.. Carp. 824. 7. S. rigidumPeyritschinSitz. Akad. Wien,xxxviii. p. 572(1800). Bknci'kli.a. — In sandy maritime sparingly bushy places between Benguella and the river Catumbella ; fl. and few fr. June 1859. Xo. 1646. 8. S. triphyllum Welw. ex 11. 8chinz (Aschers.) in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxx. pp. 185, 239 (1888). Volkameria triphyUa 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. ]\rossAMEi)i:s. — An erect, branched, annual herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 3 to 5, glaucous ; flowers handsome, violet in colour outside, violet-purple inside : seeds angular, alveolate all over with small crowded pits, biauriculate on l)oth faces above and below. In moist sandy places at tlie banks of the river Bero ; fr. middle of July 1859. Probably this species. Coi.l. Carp. 28. Corolla violet purple. In gravelly places at the river Maiombo, near Pedra do Rei, 800 xciii. pedaliacea:. [S'esaminn sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1800. No. 1663. At the latter station but sparingly, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1663&. HuiLLA. — An annual erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; roots dyeing red ; leaves trifoliolate or very rarely quinquefoliolate, nearly glabrous, bright herbaceous-green on both faces : flowers tolerably large, of a glaucous blood-red hue ; capsules nearly glabrous, longer than the petioles. In neglected fields between Nene and Humpata, and rather rare near Lopollo ; fl. Oct. 1859, fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 ; also in like places and in rather small thickets by the Monino ; fl. April 1860. No. 1662. 9. S. pentaphyllum E. May. in Flora, 1843, ii. Beigabe, pp. 50, 54, 56, 222; & ex DC. Prodr. ix. p. 251 (1845). Gowjyla pentaphylla Bernh. ex DC, I.e. Sesamopteris jMnta- 2^hylla DC, I.e. Volkameria pentaphylla 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482. Bencuella. — An erect, cajruleo-glaucescent, sparingly branched, apparently annual herb, 5 to (J ft. high, very elegant ; corolla hand- some, campanulate-subringent, violet-coloured outside, red-purple inside. In bushy sandy places near Benguella ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. Coll. Carp. 25. A very beautiful plant; leaves 5-foliolate, palmate, glaucous-silky ; leaflets petiolulate ; flowers violet-purple^ In maritime gravelly places between Benguella and the river Cavado ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 1661 partly. Mos.^AMKDES. — An erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem purple as well as the very delicately lepidote-glaucous leaves. In the dry bushy bed of the river Bero, very rare ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 1661 partly. The plant stains paper a reddish colour. 5. CERATOTHECA Endl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.p. 1059. 1. C. integribracteata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 156 (1894). Zenza eo Golun(;(). — An annual herb : leaves pallid but not whitish-glaucous beneath ; flowers whitish rosy. At Muchao, Mongolo mountains, at the outskirts of forests of Leguminosae ; fr. Sept. 1854. No. 1650. GoLUNGO Alto. — In hilly places among low herbs near Sange, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1855. No. 1651. An annual herb, 2 to 2h ft. high, resembling a species of Di(jitaH>; ; flowers rosy, tolerably large. In sunny places near Sange, not common ; fr. Jan. 1855. Coll. Carp. 822. Near Rodrigo's house ; fr. July 1857. Coll. Carp. 823. Cazengo. — In secondary bushy woods near Cacula : fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 1649. Amp.aca. — An annual, erect, viscid, branched herb ; flowers like a foxglove in shape, from whitish to rosy, somewhat drooping. In a pasture among low bushes, between N-gombe and the river Lucala : one specimen ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 1652. Mot^KAMEDES. — A herb, \h to 2 ft high, much branched from the base, more or less viscid" throughout, certainly annual and not perennial ; flowers yellowish with a purphsh tinge, black-punctate all over. In sandy places near Cavalheiros at the banks of the river Bero, usually flooded, not common ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1654. HuiLLA.— Flowers rosy. In neglected fields near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 1653- This is probably the plant with the native name of " Quifocdso " in Golungo Alto, which when boiled Welwitsch's informant, Senhor Mariano, stated to have the virtue of killing Hce. Pretrea] xciii. rEDALiACE.i:. 801 0. PRETREA J. Gay; Beiitli. 6c ]Iook. f. Gen. PI. ii. j.. 1059. 1. P. zanguebarica J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, i. p. 457 (1824). Marli/iua zaiKji'e/xu'ia Lour. Fl. Cocliinch. p. 38G (1790). P. arte mis kc/olia Klotzscli in Peters, ]\Iossamb. Bot. i. p. 188. t. 31 (1861). Island of Zan/.ii'.ak. — An infusion of the plant is mucilaginous and used as remedy in cases of gonorrhoea. Probably the " Biri-viri " of the Zanzibar people. Collected by Roquett in 18(')2 and sent to Welwitsch 10 Jan. 180:5 by Dr. Hopffer ; in 11. and fr. No. 1656, and Coi.L. Caup. 825. The three species of this genus which were mentioned by Klotzsch, l.<\, are prol)ably all forms of the same species ; see a letter on this subject by Welwitsch in the (ju-^ctn Medicn de Linbua, p. 474 C1863). 7. LINARIOPSIS Wohv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xsvii. p. 53 (1869) ; Benth. ct Ifook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1060. 1. L. prostrataWc'Iw.,Z.c.,p.54; Fiealho,Pl. Uteis, p. 240 (1884). Hiii.i.A. — A perennial herb : root thick, fleshy-fibrous, conical- cylindrical ; stems several, prostrate, compressed, dilated at the nodes, sparingly branched ; branches opposite, ascending, glandular and hirsute throughout with whitish hyaline sometimes laxer sometimes denser unequal hairs ; leaves herbaceous-green, ciliate and with thinly scattered hyaline hairs above, branny-lepidote and whitish beneath ; petioles with one or more glands ; llowers axillary, purple-dusky, pruinose ; calyx .""i-partite to the base ; the segments linear-lanceolate, rather obtuse, ciliate, one of them shorter than the rest : corolla tubular, the throat widened and gibbous, the limb bilabiate, the upper lobes straight, the middle lobe of the lower lip wider concave and boat-shaped, all the lobes rounded-obtuse ; stamens 4, didynamous, included, ascending, inserted a little above the base of the corolla-tube where there is a ring of glandular hairs ; anthers broadly obovate, cordate at the base, 2-celled : the cells separated by the connective, •diverging, longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary 2-celled ; cells 1 -ovulate ; ovules ersct or ascending ; capsule woody (except the persistent calyx and disk), obovoid-cylindrical, short, obtuse, 4-ribbed, tuberculate in rows between the ribs, scarcely dehiscent, obtusely mucronate at the top with the remains of the style, incompletely 2-celled, the cells confluent above the middle, that is, the septum not reaching the centre, and thus 1-celled ; endopleura thinly membranous, hyaline : seeds erect, obcordate, truncate at the base, compressed, towards the base with two short wings by the folding of the chestnut-brown mem- branous rather loose testa; embryo straight; cotyledons obovate, obtuse and somewhat emarginate at the apex, rather tleshy, flattened ; radicle inferior, broadly conical, obtuse, r ither short. In hilly places in short grass by streams between Mumpulla and Xenc, at an elevation of from 4500 to 50()0 ft.; also near Lopollo, but there not very plentiful ; il. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1659. XCIV. ACJANTHACEiE. 1. THUNBERGIA L. f.; Benth. A Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1072. 1. T. affinis S. :\Ioore in Journ. Bot. 1880, pp. 5 (Jan.), 194, 196 (July); Burkill in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 11 (1899). GoLUNtiO Alto. — A shrub, climbing high and wide, remarkably 52 802 xcn'. ACANTHACE^. [Tkunhergia ornamental ; flowers handsome, deep blue, like those of Gloxinia in size and shape ; calyx deeply 10-cleft. In shady forests, near Cal61o in Sept. and at the Capopa spring 1 Dec. 1854 : H. and unripe fr. No. 5181. At Casaballa ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 5154. Flower 2 in. long ; bracteoles ,^; in. long ; peduncles whitish, § in. long. No. 5113. No notes. No. 5088, as to the flowering pieces (the leafy shoot of this No. bears tendrils and belongs to a different Order). By oil-palms near the banks of the river Cuango ; fi'. Dec. 1855. C(1ll. Carp. 835. A lovely, evergreen shrub, climbing high and far ; trunk hard, woody, scarcely as thick as a man's finger ; branches sarmentose, purplish, somewhat twining : leaves softly coriaceous, quite glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed at the apex into a long acumen, repand-undulate on the margin, deep green and but little shining above, pale green and elevately-ribbed beneath : petioles i to J in. long, semi-cylindrical, more or less curved, articulate at the base : flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, azure-blue, handsome, with the aspect of a Gloxinia ; peduncles 1 to U in. long ; calyx deeply 12- or 13-clef t, bibracteolate at the base ; bracteoles thinly membranous, pale greenish, obliquely ovate, acuminate, nearly glabrous, 5-nerved, ^ to I in. long, quasi-spathelike in consequence of the sides more or less cohering : calyx-lobes lanceolate-linear, not subulate, erect, loosely embracing the corolla-tube, green, densely beset with stalked glands, the alternate lobes shorter ; corolla funnel-shaped, almost bilabiate after the fashion of Bignoniacese or Gloxinia ; the tube an inch long- transversely compressed, constricted above the ovary, gradually and obconically dilated above, obtusely keeled on the upper side, rather acutely keeled on the lower side, whitish violet on the exterior, deep yellow within ; the limb 5-cleft, patent, deep blue both inside and out : the lobes obovate-subrotund, imbricate and contorted at the base : stamens 4, adnate to the corolla-tube a little above its constriction, didynamous, included : filaments flatly compressed, 2-edged, yellowish at the base ; anthers bilocular, white ; the cells somewhat diverging and not aristate at the base, ciliate-bearded, one cell much shorter than the other, the beard white, the connective produced beyond the cells into a subulate acumen ; ovary semi-ellipsoidal ; style simple, a little exceeding the stamens, incumbent in the lower side of the corolla-tube, whitish ; stigma bilabiate, whitish ; the lower lip funnel-shaped, the outline of its mouth obcordate ; the upper lip triangular, transversely placed with reference to the lower lip ; disk hypogynous, fleshy, form- ing a ring round the base of the ovary. In dense very shady forests close to the banks of the river Cuango, at Capopa, near Sange ; fl. and young fr. 19 June 1856. Probably this species or its variety pw/^'MJato, S. Moore, l<\, p. G ; Burchill, I.e., p. 12. No. 5145. The species occurred also near N-delle, 19 Nov. 1855. PuNGO Andongu.— A shrub climbing to a great height and then hanging down ; bracteoles petaloid, apparently white ; corolla deep blue, the tube yellow inside. At the banks of the river Lombe. sparingly ; fl. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 5109. The Lichen n. 274 at Sange in Feb. 1855 grew on the leaves of perhaps this species of Tkunhergia. 2. T. huillensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 104 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 15. Huii.LA. ^Flowers pale blue ; capsule compressedly ovoid -conical, bivalved, I in. long, just exceeding the bracteoles. In the more elevated pastures of Morro de Monino among low bushes ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 5025. Thimb&rgia] xciv. acaxthace^:. 80.T; The minute structure of this, as well as of the next species, show.s medullary xylem-islands and a woody cylinder which after a time is broken uji just as occurs in the genus Mi'iidovria. See Jouni. Bot. xxxii. p. L'li) (1894). 3. T. alata Bojer ex Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2591 (1825); Hook Exot. Fl. t. 177 (1827); P.urkill, I.e., p. 10. SiKRKA Lkonk.- A climbing herb: leaves li in. long; petiole as long, often winged : corolla sulphur-orange in colour, blackish purple at the bottom ; capsule, including the beak, nearly an inch long. By fences and in bushy places near Freetown, not common ; fl. and fr Sept. 185:3. Xo. 5207. 4. T. Cycniuni S. Moore, I.e., p. 194 ; Hurkill, I.e., p. 17. HriLLA. — Flowers white. In bushy rocky places, flooded in the rainy season, near Lopollo ; H. and unripe fr. Dec. 1859. No. 6009. The part of Mr. Moore's description. I.e., which relates to the climbing and pendulous habit, is not applicable to this plant, and was probably intended to belong to the description of T. nffinis. 5. T. armipotens S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 20. Huii.LA. — In the Empalanca bushy pastures ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5026- Leaves hastate, rough ; flowers blue. At Lopollo ; fl. and fr. April 18G(). No. 5027- 6. T. sessilis Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrl). xvii. p. 96 (9 Mav 1893) ; Burkill, I.e., p. 21. HuiLLA. — Fruit compressed, lanceolate, glabrous, firmly coriaceous, chestnut in colour, dehiscing laterally at the apex. In wooded pastures flooded in summer, near Humpata ; only one specimen ; fr. April 1860. No. 5044 7. T. lamellata Hiern, sp. n. T. (Eu-Thunbergia) sp. nov., 8. Moore, I.e., p. 196. A nearly glabrous, erect herb, with the habit of a Petunia, 1 to \}v ft. high, much branched from the base; rootstock thick, perennial ; .stems numerous, rather wiry, obtusely quadrangular, furrowed ; branches opposite and alternate, ascending or strictly erect, puberulous at the nodes ; leaves opposite, ol)Ovate-oblong, linear-oblong or elongate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate or subapiculate at the apex, a little narrowed to the sessile base, puberulous or subscabrid, rather fleshy, rigid, glaucous-gi-een, more or less erect, pauci-veined, entire on the narrowly revolute margin, 1-^ to 3.V in. long by J to | in. broad; flowers large, white ; fruiting peduncles .solitary in the upper axils, ^ to \ inch long, rather thick ; bracteoles lanceolate-oblong, 5- to 7-nerved, rather obtusely pointed at the apex, puberulous, 1 to l.\ in. long; fruiting calyx | to i| in. long; the segments 12 to 15, rigid, subulate ; capsule !^ to 1 in. long, the lower part subglobo.se, '^ to ^ in. diameter, the upper part (or beak) oblong, J to \ in. broad ; seeds J to J in. long, covered with imbricate adpressed lamellae. Hui:,LA. — In hilly rocky places among tall bushes between the lake of Ivantala and Quilengues ; fr. end of Feb. IHGO. No. 5062. In thickets near Lopollo and at the Hippopotamus lake (Ivantala) ; fr. 804 xciv. ACANTHACE^. [Thimbenjia Jan. and March I860. Coll. Carp. 31. In mountainous wooded rather dry places at the lake of Ivantrda ; fr. 29 Feb. 1860. Coll. Carp. 827. 8. T. angolensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 24. Huilla. — A very beautiful plant, clothed on all parts with a white tomentum ; flowers pale azure-blue. In thickets between Mumpulla and Humpata, in company with species of Gnidia (of. G. Rendlei ; Welw. herb. no. ()478) and Tliesium (cf. T. WehvUschii, Welw. herb, no. G436) ; fl. Oct. 18.")!). No. 5037- In wooded thickets between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 5038. 9. T. lancifolia T. And. in Journ. Linn. 8oc. vii. p. 19 (1863) : Burkill, I.e., p. 25. Var, a. auriculata 8. Moore, I.e., p. 195. Huilla. — An erect, branched, perennial, rather rigid herb ; stems several, li to 2 ft. high ; leaves coriaceous, deep green ; calyx shortly cupuliform, irregularly denticulate, bibracteolate ; corolla handsome, campanulate-infundibuliform, \-l in. long, deep blue ; the tube orange in colour, thickened ; the throat inflated ; the limb sub-bilabiate, 5-clef t, spreading; the lobes obtuse ; stamens 4, but little didynamous ; anthers 2-celled ; the equal cells obtuse and densely bearded at the base, con- nately mucronate at the apex ; filaments dilated at the apex ; stigma funnel-shaped, dilated at the apex with a triangular margin ; seeds hemispherical. Mostly in bushy sandy places about Lopollo, sparingly ; ti. and fr. Dec. 1859 to April 1860. No. 5011 and Coll. Carp. 828. Var. p. laevis S. Moore, I.e. GoLUNGO Alto. — An erect, branched, glaucous-green, perennial herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; rhizome thickly woody ; stems numerous ; leaves thinly coriaceous, somewhat fleshy, becoming rigid ; flowers very handsome ; corolla-tube yellow outside and more intensely so inside : the limb deep blue ; fruits 1] to 1^ in. long. On the elevated rather dry slopes of Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia, at Comahoge ; fr. and a few fl. middle of July 1856. No. 5110. Amraca. — A branched, somewhat erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with very handsome deep blue flowers resembling a Gloxinia. On busby muddy declivities to the east of Izanga, plentiful; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 5161. Var. y. pallida S. Moore, I.e. Huilla. — In the wooded thickets of the Monino, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 5012. A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems numerous ; flowers handsome, blue ; fruit 1 in. long. In thickets near Lopollo, rare ; fr. Jan. 18G0. Coll. Carp. 826. 10. T. hyalina S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 26. PuNGo AxDONGo. — A perennial herb ; root tubercular-woody ; stems numerous, 1 to 2J ft. high ; flowers coppery purple, orange- coloured inside and on the tube outside ; unripe capsule about an inch long. In rocky hillj' places at the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; fl. andyoungfr. 30 April 1857. No. 5164. The following No. is 'incomplete and insufficient for specific determination; see S. Moore, I.e., p. 196 : — PuN(;o Andongo. — Fruit solitary, shortly pedunculate : calyx- I'hnnbergia] xciv. acanthace.e. S05 segments 10. narrowly lanceolate, .' to ,',, in. long, glabrous: seeds solitary, ,'. in. in diameter, umbilicate, with short adpressed papillae. Between the pra^sidium and Caghuy, in company with other Acanthaceae ; fr. Feb. IS.-.T, No. 5218. 2. TUBIFLORA Gmolin, Syst. Nat. 2, i. pp. 11>, 27 (1791). Ebitraria Midi. V\. Bor. Anier. i. p. 8 (1803); Vahl, Emun. i. p. 106 (1801) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1073. 1. T. caroliniensis Gmelin, I.e. Ji'siicia acaxlis L. f. tSuppl. PI. p. 84 (1781). Anonijmos caro- liniensis Walter, Fl. Carol, p. 60 (1788). Klytraria Vahliana !Mich., I.e., i. p. 9, t. 1. E. crenata Yahl, I.e. ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 196; BurkiU in Flor. Trop. Afr. v. p. 27 (1899). K. b/rata and E. vinjata Vahl, I.e. E. caroliniensis and E. indica Pers. Syn. PI. i. p. 23 (1805). E. rnarqinata Vahl ex P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 58, t. 93, fig. 2 (1818) T. acaulis 0. Kuntze, Eev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 500 (1891). Gor,rNGi) Alio.— Habit of I'lant<(givalved, the cells sevei-al-seeded : seeds erect-spreading, placed in two rows at the placenta in each cell, rather large in proportion to the size of the plant. By the wet sides of streams between None and Ohai, rather rare ; ti. and fr. middle of May 18('>(». No. 5772. G. BRILLANTAISIA I'al. Beauv. ; Benth. k J look. f. Geii. PI. ii. p. KtTG. 1. B. Lamium Bontb. in Hook. Niger Fl. }.. 477 0849) : Biu-kill in Fl. Trup. Afr. v. p. ;38 (1899). Lencorliajthis Lamium Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 07 (1847). Fkixck'.'^ Island.— Herbaceous, 1 to 2 ft. high : stems erect or ascending ; flowers deep blue. In moist exposed woody situations, almost everywhere ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. Xo. 5205. 2. B. patula T. And. in Journ. Linn. .Soc. vii. p. 21 (1863); Burkill, I.e., p. 41. B. alata T. And. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 125, t. 124 (1875). Var. Welwitschii Burkill, I.e., p. 42. B. alata S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 197. Goi.t:n(;() Ai.To. — A gigantic herb, .'> ft. high and more ; .stem straight, acutely angular, branched in the upper part : flowers deep blue, resembling those of a Salvia. By the streams Cuango and Quibulo. plentiful : fl. July, fr. Aug. and Sept. 1856. No. 5182. A herb of 5 to 7 ft., with handsome azure-blue flowers. By the Quiapoze and Cuango streams, near Sange, not abundant ; in fl. No. 5149. No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5150. Cazenco.— Flowers thyrsoid, blue. Muxaulo : fr. June 1855. Coll. Caki'. 834. 7. DYSCHORISTE Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear. iii. p. 75 (1832). Calop/ia/ies T>. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2, ii. u, 181 (March 1833) ; Benth. .t Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1077. 1. D. radicans Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. lOG (1847): C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 73 (1899). Ruellia radicans Hoch.st. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. nn. 17, 177; non Linda\i. C'alophaiies radicans T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 23 (18G3); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 197, partly. Pr\(;o Andongo. — A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; the numerous stems and branches ascending-erect and almost forming thick clumps ; flowers pale sulphur in colour, subaromatic, much frequented by bees ; calyx equally 5-cleft ; corolla bilabiate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes shortly incised at the somewhat obtuse apex, the middle lobe sprinkled with black-purple dots, the upper lip more deeply bilobed, its lobes somewhat obtuse, the tube straight and cylindrical : stamens 4, all fertile, exserted ; filaments inserted a little below the throat of the corolla : ovary elongate-ovoid, almost cylindrical, subsessile. inserted on the thick orange-coloured disk at the bottom of the calyx, 2 celled ; ovules few, perhaps 3 or 4 in each cell : nearly ripe seeds compressedly ovoid, emarginate at the base, cordiform ; style filiform, bifi(.l at the apex. On the bushy slopes of the gigantic rocks of the pnt'sidium, 808 xciv. ACANTHACE.fi. [Di/schoriste looking south, above Calunda : ^. and young fr. 14 Dec. 1856. No. 5075. No notes ; in fl. No. 5158. In fr. No. 5189. HuiLLA. — A prostrate herb, apparently perennial ; stem angular ; leaves wavy, reddish on the nerves and margin ; flowers whitish, ringent ; stamens 4, didynamous. In herbaceous places near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. 12 Feb. 18G0. No. 5046. 2. D. mutica C. B. CI., I.e., p. 73. Calophanes radicans, var. vnitica S. Moore, I.e., p. 198. PuNrio Andoxgo. — Half a foot high. In fr. No. 5089. In fl. and fr. No. 5094. A herblet, 5 to 8 in. high ; flowers whitish. In hilly rather dry places near Condo, very rare ; fl. March 1857. Only two specimens found, doubtfully referred to this species. No. 5083. Plant 7 in. high ; leaves ranging up to 1| in. long. Doubtful. No. 5082. Plant 7 in. high. In fl. Doubtful. No. 5166. 3. D. tubicalyx C. B. CL, I.e., p. 74. Calophanes radicans S. Moore, I.e., p. 197, parthj. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish. In the drier elevated thickets of Em- palanca ; fl. April 1860. No. 5055. 4. D. nobilior C. B. CL, I.e. PuNGO AxDONGO. — In wooded shady rocky places between Candumba and Calundo, in company with a Bambusacea (cf. Orytenanthera ahyssinica Munro ; cf. Welw. herb. no. 1134); fr. March 1857. No. 5107. Mr. Clarke quotes No. 5158 also for this species, but its habit seems to agree better with D. radicans to which I have referred it. 8. RUELLIA Plum., L. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1077. 1. R. patula Jacq. Misc. ii. p. 358 (1781) ; C. B. Clarke in Fl. Trop. Afr. V. p. 45. LoANDA. — An undershrub, 1 to Ii ft. high, branched from the base ; branches becoming woody at the base ; flowers violet-blue, ^ in. long ; coroUa-Hmb 5 cleft, with obtuse lobes ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted below the corolla-throat where the tube begins to widen, included ; anthers oblong, white, dorsifixed, 2-celled, the cells somewhat diverging at the base ; style filiform ; stigma after the flowering dilated. In hilly sandy places near Maianga do Povo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1858. No. 5127. A plant of 2 ft., sometimes biennial, sometimes lasting for several years ; flowers white. In dry bushy stony places near Teba and Boa Vista, rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of June 1858. No. 5186. A decumbent herb, with ascending branches, i- to 1 ft. high, ap- parently annual ; two specimens in fr. No. 5139. No notes ; in fr. Nos. 5069, 5121. A shrublet, almost an undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high ; flowers from purplish to bluish. In hilly bushy places near Boa Vista ; fr. Dec. 1857 and Jan. 1858. Coll. Cakp. 831. 2. R. prostrata Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. vi. p. 349 (1804); C. B. CL, I.e., p. 46. LoANDA. — No notes. In fr. No. 5063, purthj. Mr. Clarke, I.e., thinks that this is not the plant so named in the Encyclopedie, because the calyx is there described as short ; he refers that plant to R. patula Jacq.. and calls this one R. prostrata T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 24 (1863). A synonym is R. Wight/ana Wall. List n. 2397 (1830), and ex Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 124 (1847). liueUia] xciv. acantiiacei;. 80^ 3. R. bignoniaeflora S. Moore- in Journ. But. 1880, p. 108 ; ('. B. CI., I.e., p. 48. JJischistocah/x hiynonHthinis Liiuluu in Engl. Nat. PHanzfnfam. iv. 36., p. 307^(1895). Amisriz.— In thickets near Banza do Regulo Quisembo, sparingly ; with the corollas fallen, end of Nov. ISfji^ No. 5126. LoANDA.— A glandular-viscid undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. liigli, with white tlowers. In rocky places at Praia de Zamba CJrande, plentiful : fl.andfr. IG.Ian. isr,9. No. 5202. No notes. In fr. No. 5063, ;«(W/?/. Corolla nearly 4 in. long, with an elongated trumpct-sliapetl tube. No. 5130. Suffruticose, the whole plant emitting a goatish smell ; stem beset with whitish hairs : flowers large, white. In thickets near Boa Vista; fr. March 1854. Probably this species. Coi.r.. Caui'. 82'J. The following description taken from Welwit.sch'.s MSS. pro- bably belongs to Riiellia hignoniajlora S. IVloore : — Loan DA. — An erect, branched undershrub or shrublct, remarkable for its goatisli smell : stems whitish, woody : branches herljaceous, as well as the leaves beset with stalked densely crowded viscid rank-fetid glands ; flowers white, solitary in the axils of the leaves, erect-spread- ing, (luickly withering ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, divided to the base ; the segments e(iual, elongated, linear-lanceolate, erect, beset on the back with glandular hairs, ciliate on the margin with longer glandless hairs ; corolla tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped ; the tube long, shortly pilose outside, glabrous within, cylindrical nearly throughout its whole length, the limb subequally fj-cleft. the lobes during the flowering sub- bilabiately spreading ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted a little below the corolla-throat, included : filaments cylindrical, somewhat pilose ; anthers linear-oblong, whitish, bifid at the base, attached at the back near the emargination, bilocular ; the cells parallel, muticous ; ovary ovoid-conical, sessile in the centre of the thick white turgid disk, bilocular : the cells 4-ovulate : the ovules ascending, rcniform ; style long, a little exceeding the stamens, filiform ; stigma bifid ; the lobes unequal in length, stigmatose on the inner side. In dry plantations of Eu}>lwrbia, also in hilly bushy places near Boa Vista, plentiful ; fi. from November to March. Distinguished from all other Angolan Acanthaceae by its long tubular flowers, coupled with its rank goatish smell. 4. R. diversifolia 8. Moore, I.e., p. 198 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 48. Mo.^SAMF.DES. — A sufPrutescent herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, clothed with white goatisli-fetid glands and hairs : stems numerous : flowers white. On rocks of red sandstone at Boca do Rio Bero, only in a few places ; fl. and fr. July IHf/J. No. 5042. Bimbo. — Corolla whitish with a flesh-coloured tube. At the out- skirts of thickets and in dense thickets near Bumbo ; fl. and fr. Oct. 18r>9. No. 5033. As to whether this species should be referred to the genus Paulo- v'Uhehnia, see Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36 p. 301 (1895). The pollen is globose, nodulose, not prickly. 9. PETALIDIUM Noes; Benth. t Hook. f. C4en. PI. ii. p. 1081. 1. P. physaloides S. IMoore in Journ. Bot. 1880, pp. 225, 228,. tab. 212, fig. 2 ; C. B. CI. in ¥\. Trop. AtV. v. p. 89. PseAulobarlerm p/iysahiJes Lindaii in Engl. Nat. Pflanzonfam. iv. 36, p. 299 (1895)'. 810 xciv. ACANTHACE^. [PetaHclmm MossAMEDEP. — Corolla orange-scarlet. In the thickets of the elevated mountains between Pomangala and Quitibe, plentiful , f^. and fr. June 1860. No. 5000- 2. P. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., pp. 227, 228, tab. 212, tig. 1 ; €. B. CI., I.e., p. 89. Pseudoharleria Welwitschii Lindau, I.e., p. 300. MossAMKDES. — Flowers blue. On rocky heights on the left bank of the river Maiombo near Pao, tolerably abundant ; fl, and fr. Oct. 1859 and June 18(50. Xo. 5041. 3. P. halimoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 228; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 90. Jiarleria halimoides Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 231 (1847). P. loranthifoliuiri S. Moore, I.e., p. 227. Pseudoharleria halimoides and Ps. loi'anthifoliiini Lindau, I.e., p. 300. MossAMEDEs. — A prostrate, perennial undershrub ; stems numerous, hard, rigid ; leaves somewhat fleshy, in shape like those of Lyshnachia iitimmidaria L. ; flowers carmine. On the rocky plateau between S. Joilo de Caroca and Cazimba ; fl. and fr. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 4997- 4. P. glandulosum S. Moore, I.e., pp. 22G, 228 ; C. B. CI., I.e., j). 91. Pseicdobarleria glandidosa Lindau, I.e., p. 299. Benguella. — A shrublet, after the fashion of a Mimulus. In sandy thickets near Benguella ; fl. June 1859. This plant was the host of Lorauthus Buclmeri Engl. (Welw. herb. n. 4854, which is a larger and stronger plant than its host). No. 5047- 5. P. spiniferum C. B. CL, I.e., p. 91. P. sp. n., S. Moore, I.e., p. 228. Var. obtusa C. B. CL, I.e. MosSAMEDES. — Flowers from whitish to violet in colour. In shrubby places near Pomangala, not common : fl. June 18G0. No. 499S. See S. Moore, I.e. 6. P. rupestre S. Moore, I.e., pp. 22G, 228; C.B. CL, I.e., p. 92. Pseudoharleria rupestre Lindau, I.e., p. 300. MossAMEDES. — A very densely branched shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, very viscid on all parts ; flowers whitish-rosy or white with purple lines. By red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5022. 7. P. Lepidagathis S. Moore, I.e., pp. 227, 228 ; C. B. CL, I.e., .p. 93. Pseudoharleria Lepidagat/iis Lindau, I.e., p. 300. MossAMEDES. — A perennial herb, a foot and a half liigli, much branched from the base ; root woody : stems and branches prostrate- ascending, leafy towards the apex ; leaves opposite ; flower-clusters strobiliform ; corolla carmine or dusky red, lasting a long time. At the red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero, very plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5007. Serra de Montes negros : fl. 10 Aus. 1859. No. 5020. 8. P. coccineum S. Moore, I.e., pp. 225, 228 ; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 93. Pseudoharleria coceinea Lindau, I.e., p. 299. • MossAMEDES. — A branched, decumbent-ascending shrublet : leaves Feialidmrn] xciv. ACANTHACEiE. 811 deep green, somewhat viscid : flowers scarlet. In rough mountainous places on a mica-schist formation, at the river Maiombo, near Poman- gala ; fl. Oct. l8o!i. No. 5017- In shrubby places in the same neigh- bourhood ; fl. June ]S60. No. 5018. 10. MICRANTHUS Wendl. Bot. Beob. p. 38 (1798) ; uon Pers. (1805) (sect. Gladioli). Phaylopsis Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 34i> (1801) ; Benth. k Hook. f. (ien. PI. ii. p. 1081. Phaidopsis Sprang. Anl. ii. 1, p. 422 (1817). 1. M. angolanus (,). Kuntze, Rev. (^en. PI. ii. p. 493 (1891). Phaj/lopsis ainiolana S. Mooi'e in Journ. Bot. 1800, p. 229 ; C. B. CI. in Fl. trop. Afr. v. p. 84. Goi.uNfJO Alto. — A herb : stem rooting at the lower nodes, flexuous ; flowers white. In bushy places among the mountains of the eastern Queta at Catomba ; fl. beginning of July 1850. No. 5175. The following No. must be compared with M. angolanus : — Zenza I)(» Gonxcio. — A herb, annual, straight, viscid. In dry hilly bushy places near Calumguembo ; fr. without leaves Sept. 1854. No. 5146. 2. M. obliquus O, Kuntze, I.e. Phai/lopsis obliqua T. And. ex S. Moore, I.e. ; C B. Gl., I.e., p. 86. Phaidopsis ohliquns Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtrag, p. 305 (1897). GoLUNGo Alto. — An annual herb; stem ascending; branches twisted : flowers white. In secondary thickets at the outskirts of the forest near the river Delamboa ; fr. and few fl. June and July 1856. No. 5115. 11. WHITFIELDIA Hook. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1085. 1. W. longifolia T. And. in Journ. Linn. See. vii. p. 27 (1863), partly ; S. ]\loore in Journ. Bot. 1800, p. 220 {longiflom), partly ; C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 66. Cazem;o. — In the primitive forests of Muxaulo : fl. June 1855. No. 5152. PvNfjo AM)(iN(;(t. — Branches patent. Fl. No. H)86. No notes. Fl. No. 5193. Branched, apparently several feet high ; flowering epikes erect or scarcely so ; fl.-bud. No. 5077. 2. W. subviridis C. B. CI., I.e., p. 60. W. lonyijiora 8. Moore, I.e., partly. (it>LU.\(;(» Alto.— A shrub as tall as a man : flowers and calyx brilliantly white, very handsome. In elevated shady places at the cataracts of tlie Capopa stream, in Sobato de Bumba, not common ; fl. «nd of August 1855. No. 5151. No notes. Fl.-bud. Piobably this species. No. 5153. 12. BLEPHARIS Juss. ; Benth. vt Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1089. 1. B. boerhaviaefolia Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 180 (18(i7); 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 230, C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 96 {boerhaa v ia'folia), LoA.MiA.— No notes. Fl. and fr. Nos. 5129. 5199. 812 xciv. ACAXTHACE/E. [^Bhpharis HuiLi>A. — Flowers from whitish to slightly violet in colour. In sandy thickets flooded in the rainy season, between Lopollo and Eme, sparingly : fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 6054- 2. B. cuanzensis Welw. ex S. Moore, I.e., p. 230, excl. var. ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 97, excl. var. PuNOo ANiitiN(;(i. — A perennial herb ; stem procumbent, elongated,, branched ; leaves coriaceous, rigid : flowers deep yellow. In wooded open rocky places close to the banks of the river Cuanza, near Mopopo, etc. ; fl. 1 May 1857. No. 5101. 3. B. leptophylla Hiern. B. cuanzensis, var. leptophylla S. Moore, I.e. ; C. B. CI., I.e. HuiLLA. — In sandy forests of Prti7;/r^7vJ/o&o/rt (Welw.herb.no. 1282) between Lopollo and Eme ; fl. Feb. 18G0. Xo. 5030- Flowers deep blue. In open mountainous thickets from the lake Ivantrda towards Quilengues ; only two specimens ; fl. end of Feb. 18G0. No. 5053. A perennial herb ; stems prostrate ; leaves verticillate in fours, unequal in length, linear, somewhat rigid, all directed upwards ; flowers hand- some, deep blue ; calyx 4-partite, two of the segments larger than the lateral ones, the front one entire, the back one bifid at the apex ; corolla unilabiate, the lip emarginate with a ligule in the notch, the throat deeply bisulcate with three elevated cartilaginous tufts, 2- to 3-dent3te or simply emarginate behind ; stamens very slightly didyna- mous ; filaments cartilaginous, the lower ones dilated and bearing an anther which is obtuse at the apex and laterally stipitate, the upper ones gradually narrowed with the anther adnate at the apex ; anthers all apparently 1 -celled, bearded-ciliate ; pollen yellow, viscid, ovoid- oblong, somewhat nodulose. In hot wooded and bushy sandy places betweeji Lopollo and Catumba, plentiful ; fl. March 1860. No. 5056. 4. B. glumacea S. Moore, I.e., p. 232 ; C. B. CI,, I.e., p. 97. Huit>LA. — Flowers blue. In open sterile sandy forests by the road between Catumba and Ohay, in company with Scabiosa Cobnnharia L. (Welw. herb. nos. 520, 521), seen nowhere else ; fl. end of April 1860. No. 5052. 5. B. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 231 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 99. HuiM.A. — A perennial suffrutescent herb ; root thick, woody ; stems several, prostrate ; corolla bright blue. In wooded sandy pastures among short grasses in the Lopollo country, not at all plentiful and observed only in the southern part of the district ; fl. May 1860. No. 5031. 6. B. linariaefolia Pers., I.e. ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 100. Acanthodium hirtum Hochst., var. /3, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 274(1847). Mos.SAMEDES.— An annual herb, 1 to 5 in. high ; stems numerous, ascending ; leaves linear ; flowers violet-blue, arranged in spiny strobili- form spikes. On red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero ; the last surviving specimens ; fl. end of July 1859. Doubtfully referred here. No. 6005. Apparently by some mistake No. 2014 is quoted by C. B. Clarke, I.e., for this species; but compare No. 5014 under B. dk'ersispina, post n. 9. The following Acanthacea, without No. in the study .set, perhaps belongs here : — Blcphuris] XCIV. ACAXTHACE.K 813 BENia'F.i.i.A. — Auuual herb ; stem ami linear leaves whitish-glaucous ; riowcrs uiiilabiate, pale cyaneous. At Benguella ; H. June IHIiit. 7. B. Buchneri ]>inclau in Engl. Bot, Jahrb. xx. p. 30 (1894); 1'. K. ('1., I.e., p. 101. li. acunthodioides S. Moore, I.e., pp. 229, ."V-JS, 2)aHhi ; non Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. p. 212 (18G1). Ambaca. — Annual. In dry hilly places on the left bank of the river Caringa, very rare ; fr. June iSfifj. No. 5163. Pi NCi) AM)()N(i(>. — About a foot high ; leaves from oval-oblong to elongate-lanceolate, ranging up to G in. long by an inch broad. A young plant without fl. Feb. IS.")?: probably this species. No. 5219. An annual herb, .sometimes simple 1 to 2 ft. high, sometimes much branched 2 to 4 ft. high ; Howers large, blue, very ornamental. In pastures and in the more sparingly grassy meadows, tolerably plentiful, especially fine at the banks of streams ; by the Catete river : fl. May 1 857. No. 5174. At Canandula : fl. end of May 1857. No. 5112. Leaves ranging up to 4J. in. long. InH. No. 5080. No notes. In fl. No. 5096. HriLi.A. — Flowers bright blue, almost azure-blue. In thickets at the outskirts of the Monino forests, sparingly ; fl. April 18i)0. No. 5061. 8. B. noli-me-tangere S. Moore, I.e., p, 231 ; C. B. ('1., I.e., p. 103. MossAMKUES. — A much branched shrub, 4 to t) ft. high ; branches divaricate, tortuous, very hardly elastic, virgate-ascending : bark whitish ; leaves unequal on the same plant ; flowers azure-blue. In gravelly bushy places in little woods composed of Tnmarh; (irieiilalis Forsk. (Welw. herb. no. l()S(j) and a species of C'>rd'"i (cf. Welw. herb, no. 4781), on the right bank of the river Maiombo, between Pedra de Sal and the river : late fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5045. 9. B. diversispina C. B. CL, I.e., p. 104. Aeautliodlum diversispimtm Nees, I.e., p. 275. Blepharis sp. )i., S. Moore, I.e., p. 232. MossAMEDES. — Flowers clear blue. In very dry places on a sandy •clay soil near Caldeirado inferno ; very late fl. and young fr. June 18t!0. No. 5014 (2014, by error, in Herb. Kew. ; compare note under />. itnaviivfolM, ante n. G). An annual herb, scarcely ^ ft. high, branched from the base, glaucous and brittle throughout ; leaves linear ; flowers crowded in fir-cone shaped clusters at the base of the stems, pale blue. In the sandy rocky parts of Boca do Rio Bero : fl. end of July 1859. No. 5021. Var. (i. furcata. A . dlversispinum, var. (i, Noe.s, I.e. B. edulis, var., S. Moore, I.e., p. 229. 3I()SSAMEi)E.s.— A prostrate, annual or biennial herb, much branched from the base ; flowers unilabiate, pale blue, almost like those of an Acanthus. In sandy places at the mouth of the river Bero, at Saco de Giraiil, rather rare; fl. July 1859. No. 5019. 13. ACANTHUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. .t Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1090. 1. A. montanus T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 37 (1863) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 232 ; C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop Afr V. p. 107 (1899). Cheilopsis moaiana Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 272 (1847). 814 XCIV. ACANTHACE.E. [Acautkus PuNGO AnI)()N(J(). — An evergreen branched undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, woody at the base ; flowers whitish, marked with purple lines. In the rocky parts of Pedra Cabondo, forming thickets, seen nowhere else ; fl. May 1857. Nos. 5076. 5167- 14. PSEUDOBLEPHARIS Baill. in Bull. Mens. See. Linn. Paris, ii. p. 837 (1890). 1. P. nitida Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b, p. 319 (1895). Acanthus nitidus S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 232. Sclerochiton nitidus C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 110. PuNGO Andongo. — A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; leaves ranging up nearly a foot long by 3 in. broad ; calyx dialysepalous, imbricate ; coroUa white-violet in colour, unilabiate, quite entire and barbulate on the margin behind ; lip anterior and 5-dentate ; stamens 4 ; anthers 1-celled, bearded. In the wooded parts of Barranco de Songue : fl. May 1857. Xos. 5100, 5087 15. BARLERIA Plum.,L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1091. 1. B. Prionitis L. 8p. PI, edit. 1, p. 636 (1753); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 265 ; C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 144. Ambriz. — In fl.-bud. No. 5141. LOANDA. — A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, much branched from the base ; stem and older branches whitish ; shoots and thinly coriaceous leaves glaucous-green ; flowers of a fine orange colour : calyx 4-partite, bibracteate at the base, the front and back segments longer than the lateral ones and a little shorter than the corolla-tube ; corolla bilabiate, 5-cleft, the tube but little curA-ed upwards, the four lobes which form the lower lip deflected, the fifth lobe which forms the upper lip rather erect and a little shorter ; stamens 4, two of them abortive and included in the lower lip of the corolla, the other two fertile and exserted beyond the upper lip ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, subsagittate at the base ; style exserted ; stigma elongate-cylindrical. In hilly maritime places about Loanda, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and Oct. 1857. No. 5138. At Maianga ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 5190. Fl. U in. long. No. 5067. A glaucous-pruinose shrub, 2 ft. high ; flowers very abundant, of a fine orange colour. In Morro das Lagostas ; f r. Aug. 1854. Coll. Carp. 119. This is the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 119. 2. B. grandicaljrx Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 25 (1894) ;. C. B. CI, I.e., p. 149. Var. vix-dentata C. B. CI., I.e. B. Kirkii S. Moore, I.e., p. 265 ; non T. And. HuiLi,A. — Flowers pale blue. In thickets of forests composed of Parbiari Mahola (Welw. herb. no. 1282), between LopoUo and Catumba ; fl. March 1860. No. 5048. 3. B. Marlothii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 262 (9 Oct. 1888); C. B. CI., I.e., p. 151. B. sp. nov. ? afF. B. acanthoidi Vahl, S. Moore, I.e., p. 270. MossAMEDES.^A very gloomy, sufErutescent, perennial herb, radi- ately branched from the base ; stems slender, somewhat woody ; leaves rigid, somewhat fleshy. In rocky places at the base of Serra de Montes negros, rather rare : fr. 10 Aug. 1859. No. 5024. A verj* rigid, elastic Jlarlcriu] Xfiv. ArANTHACE.K. 815 shrublct ; flower a/.ure-blue. 1 1 in. loug. In :i very dry rocky part of Caldeira do inferno ; only one specimen with fr. and a single fl. June 18t)0. No. 5013. A rigid shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high; flowers bright l>lue. At. (.'aldcira do inferno ; fr. June 18G0. Cou.. Caki'. 8.'')8. I. B. elegans 8. Moore, I.e., p. 269 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 151. Ji. pKiigens; var. wan'ophi/Ua Nees in I)( '. Prodr. .xi. p. 2.'>7 (1847), Jidc S. :Moore, I.e. ; nou L. L()ANt;\. — An undershrub, '.'> to 5 ft. high, suLscandent among shrubs, ornamental but injurious to them ; leaves in the living state deep green, membranous ; corolla deep blue. By thickets in the hilly parts of the district, very plentiful ; H. May and June 1858. No. 5187. In H. and fr. No. 5068. A shrub. 3 to 4 ft. high : flowers very abundant : caly.x spiny-ciliate : corolla beautifully blue. At Zamba grande : fr. August ]X!')4. Cui.i.. Cakp. 120. C.\;oi'N'ii'>. — A rigid herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, woody at the base, .some- times ascending, sometimes erect, usually very much branched at the base ; flowers of a pretty blue. In the denser thickets about the Muxaulo chain of mountains, tolerably plentiful ; fl. June 1855. No. 5114. BuMPo. — In the drier thickets among tall herbs between Bumbo and Bruco ; fr. Oct. 1869. Nos. 5034, 5122. This is the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May IS.'.G), p. 2^0, n. 120. 5. B. Carruthersiana S. Moore, I.e., p. 270 ; ('. 15. CI., I.e., p. 154. Bu.MF. \ — Flowers blue. In thickets at the outskirts of forests composed of (.'opaibn Mopanc O. Kuntze (Welw. herb. no. ()05), near Quitibe de Cima ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5040. G. B. polyneura S. Moore, I.e., p. 206 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 157. Huu.j.A. — A perennial herb: rootstock woody; stems numerous, prostraxe-ascending, puberulous ; leaves subsessile, ovate, rigidly chartaceous, quite entire, bright green, the uppermost ones glaucescent ; corolla white, the tube purplish. In sunny rocky forests between the lake lvant;lla and Quilengues : fl. and young fr. 28 and 29 Febr. 1860. No. 5029. 7. B. violascens S. Moore, I.e., p. 265 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 158. HuiLL.4. — A perennial herb, with the habit of an Ipomaa ; stems several, subangular, prostrate-ascending, rubicund, leafy : leaves glaucescent, erect, somewhat fleshy and rigid : flowers solitary in the a.xils of opposite leaves, shortly pedicellate, lA in. long ; calyx 4-bracteolate at the base, diphyllous, the segments elongated ovate- lanceolate and acute ; the two lower bracteoles linear, the two upper ones broadly ovate ; corolla hypogynous, funnel-shaped or cylindrical- tubular, milk-white ; the tube bright violet-purple both outside and inside ; the limb deeply .">. cleft ; the lobes obtuse, subequal ; stamens 4, inserted a little above the base of the corolla tube, 2 of them quite rudimentary and without filaments, the filaments of the other 2 ascending, naked ; anthers oblong, '2-celled, quite naked, violet in colour ; the cells somewhat diverging at the base, dehiscing longi- tudinally, both exactly equal ; disk cupuliform, repand ; ovary 'J-celled; ovules 2 in each cell : style simple, whitish ; stigma unequally bilabiate, scarcely perforated, pale violet in colour, reflected at the early flowering ; capsule globose-compressed at the base, 2-celled, narrowed towards the apex into a conical beak : seeds 2. In elevated 816 xciv. ACANTHACE-?:. [BarUria thickets in Morro de Lopollo, at 5000 to 5300 ft. alt., plentiful ; fl. and fr. 17 Feb. 18(50. No. 5028- Corolla like that of a Convolvulus or Ipomvca, whitish with a strain of violet-blue. In the dry forests of Parmari Mohnln, towards Erne ; fl. April 1860. No. 5016. 8. B. obtusisepala C. B. CI., I.e., p. 158. B. .sp. nov. aff. B. salic'ifolia 8. Moore, Z.f., p. 270. PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial, erect herb, becoming rigid throughout ; rootstock thick, woody : flowers rather large, funnel- shaped, whitish with something of a violet strain. In wooded thickets between Mangue and Calunda ; fl. March 1857. No. 5162. 9. B. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 267 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 158. PuNGO Andongo. — Leaves membranous; flowers milk-white. In Tocky bushy places between Lombe and Quibinde ; fl. 9 March 1857. No. 5091. 10. B. lancifolia T. Ander.s. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 28 .(4 March 1863). B. alata S. Moore, I.e., p. 266 ; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 158. GoLUXGO Alto. — A deep green shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves thinly coriaceous ; flowers milk-white, almost bluish. In primitive forests in the Queta chain of mountains, sporadic ; fl. beginning of June 1856. No. 5147- A perennial herb ; rhizome woody, creeping ; flowers milk-white varying to violet-blue. In the shady Queta forests; fl. end of June 1856. No. 5148. Flowers white, like those of a Thunhcrgia. Among the Queta mountains; fl. July 1856. No. 5169. PuNGO Andongo. — A suffruticose herb, branched, at the base woody and a finger thick : stem and purplish branches nodose, ■decumbent-ascending over rocks ; flowers from whitish to pale violet in colour ; calyx 4-partite, almost tetraphyllous, the front and back segments much larger than the narrow and shorter lateral ones : corolla-tube straight, the limb 5-clef t, the lobes obtuse ; perfect stamens 2, inserted at the bottom of the corolla-tube, nearly included : anthers cordate-ovate, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary ovoid- conical, girt at the base by the thin raised cup-shaped disk ; style filiform, relatively long, towards the apex gradually terminating in the obtusejobsoletely bilobed usually simple stigma. In bushy rocky places about Barrancos de Catete ; fl. and young fr. middle of May 1857. Nos. 5195, 5194. The following No. probably belongs to this species : — Cazen(;o. — Flower-buds about 2 together, subsessile in the terminal axils. At Cambondo ; fl.-buds June 1855. No. 5072. 11. B. cyanea S. Moore, I.e., p. 265; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 159. Bumbo. — A decumbent-ascending, rigidly elastic shrublet with deep blue flowers. In bushy sandy and rocky places near Quitibe de Cima: fl. June 1860. No. 5002. 12. B. stellato-tomentosa S. Moore, I.e., p. 268 ; C. B. CI., ^.c, p. 161. PuxGO Anuongo. — A sufifrutescent herb ; rootstock woody ; stems 3 or 4, erect ; flowers violet-bluish ; corolla \h in. long, the tube narrow, the limb an inch in diameter. In open thickets on a clay soil near Lombe, not common ; fl. March 1857. Nos. 5165, 5095. Harleria] xciv. acanthack.*:. 817 l;]. B. salicifolia 8. Moore, I.e., p. 268 ; V. B. CI., I.e., p. 162. Lir.nx(;o. — A slender erect underslirub, '2 to 'A\ ft. high, almost a shrub : stems numerous, as well as the branches bard and rigid ; leaves lasting a long time, the younger ones somewhat rugose and clothed with a yellowishifelt : flowers deep blue, an inch long. In elevated little woods composed of I'.ujthorbia (cf. Jl. Candrluhruni Welw. herb. n. G41), above the petroleum mine, plentiful ; fl. mostly fallen, Sept. ISjS. No. 5119- An erect, branched, rigid shrub. ?> to 4 ft. high : tomentum of the younger leaves sulphur-coloured ; Mowers labiate, deep azure. In wooded mountainous places about the petroleum mine ; fr. Sept. 1^58 Coll. Caki*. 833. PuNCd AMiiiNtjd. — About Lombe and Candnmba ; in fl. No. 5102- About Quibinde and Condo : in tl.-bud. No. 5103. This species is the Acauthacea referred to by Welw. Apoutam. p. 589. n. 70(185'.)). 14. B. villosa S. Moore, I.e., p. 267 ; C.B. CI., I.e., p. 164. GoLUNGO Alto. — A subscandent herb, 4 ft. high; corolla bluish : two of the stamens elongated with anthers of a deep violet colour. Among the eastern Queta mountains, fl. June 1856. No. 6071. A perennial herb ; root woody : stem 2 to 3 ft, high, the {)rimary one rather erect, the others ascending ; calyx tetraphyllous, two of the segments lanceolate one of which is bifid at the apex, the other two linear : corolla milk-bluish, the tube pale yellowish, the lobes of the limb bluish, marked with violet lines inside; stamens 5, two of them fully developed, the other three much shorter, one of these without an anther and two with anthers much smaller than those of the longer stamens but nevertheless polliniferous. In elevated bushy rather dry places in Sobato de Quilombo ; fl. middle of July 1856. No. 5070. 16. NEURACANTHUS Nees ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1093. 1. N. decorus S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 307 (Oct.); C. B. CI. in Fl. Ti-op. Afr. v. p. 138. HriLLA. — A perennial herb, 10 to 18 in. high ; root rather thick ; stems several, strictly erect ; leaves somewhat rigid, dark green above, yellowish green beneath : flowers spicate : bracts with long cilia on the margin ; calyx-lobes ciliate; corolla ringent, whitish purple ; ovary ellipsoidal, acuminate at both ends. In hilly rocky bushy places between the great lake of Ivantala and Quilengues, rather rare : fl. end of Febr. LSGO. No. 5057. 2. N. scaber S. Moore, I.e., p. 307 ; C. B. CI., I.e., p. 138. LdAM'A. — A suffrutescent herb ; rootstock woody : stems 6 to 15. somewhat erect or ascending ; flowers from milk-white to very pale bluish : corolla almost salver-.shaped, the tube straight, tlie limb entire plane-subconcave and nearly square. In the more elevated hilly parts of the district ; near Boa Yista : fl. and fr. end of May 1858. Nos. 5171, 5064. 5125. 5128. 17. ASYSTASIA lUume; Benth. & Hook. f. Cen. V\. ii. p. 1094. I„tr»mr„' Katiu. Fl. Tellnr. iv. p. 66 (1836). 1. A. coromandeliana Nees in Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. p. 89 (1832) ; C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 131 (1899). Justicia gangetica L. Cent. PI. alt. p. 3, n. 102 (2 Jiin<^ 1756). 53 818 xciv. ACANTHACE^. [Asijstcisia Ruellia secunda Vahl, Symb. Bot. iii. p. 84 (1794). R. coro- mandeliana Wall. List n. 2399 partly (1830). A. gangetica T. And. in Thwaites, Enum. p. 235 (1860) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 308. TcoLO E Bengo. — At Santo Antonio ; fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5170. In palm groves at the river Bengo, sparingly ; fr. Dec. 1853. No. 6201. GoLUNGO Alto. — An ascending herb, a foot and a half high, with whitish flowers. In bushy reed-beds ; fl. May 185G. No. 5196. In fr. 1857. No. 5160. In fl. and fr. No. 5131. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish violet in colour ; fruit scarcely an inch long, J^ in. broad. In the more open forests of the Monino : fl. and fr. Dec: 1859. No. 5050. Prince's Island.— In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5206. 2. A. africana 0. B. CI., I.e., p. 134. Isoclioriate africana S. Moore, I.e., p. 309. PuNGO Andongo.— A diffuse herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with rosy flowers. In wooded bushy places near Quilange ; fl. Febr. 1857. No. 5073. In fr. No. 5078. In fl. No. 5079. 3. A. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 308, t. 213 ; C. B. CI., I.e. p. 134. Cf. Welw. Apontam, p. 591, n. 103 (1859). PuNGO Andongo. — A sparingly branched herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with the aspect of a Mimulus : flowers whitish rosy. By thickets near Cazella ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 5188. An erect or ascending herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; rootstock woody : stems numerous ; flowers white or rarely purplish. In thickets about the praesidium, everywhere very plentiful ; fl. and fr. Febr. 1857. No. 5105. A perennial herb, 3 ft. high ; flowers spreading horizontally and somewhat drooping, in shape almost like those of a Gladiolus, whitish rosy. In wooded thickets near Pungo Andongo, plentiful ; fr. April 1857. Apparently this species. Coll. Carp. 836. Herbaceous ; flowers white. At Cazella. Apparently the same. C(jll. Carp. 837. HuiLLA.- — Flowers white. In bushy thickets near Lopollo, rather rare ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 5039. The following No. possibly belongs to this genus, but it is represented by a very poor specimen. Pungo Andongo. — A decumbent herb, with white flowers. In sandy wooded places near Mopopo and Sansamanda ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 5159. 18. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk. in Sitzber. Bayr. Akad. W. xiii. p. 282 (1883). Eranthemum Pv,. Br. Prodr. p. 477 (1810) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Oen. PI. ii. p. 1097 ; non L. (1753). Siiihoneranthemum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL iii. 2, p. 122 (1898). 1. P. nigritianum Radlk., I.e., p. 286. Eranthemum nigritianimi T. And. in Journ. Linn. 8oc. vii. p. 51 (1863) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 308 ; C. B. CI. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 171. Pungo Andongo. — An erect or decumbent undershrub, slender, 1 to 2 ft. high, woody at the base ; leaves thinly coriaceous, somewhat glossy, ranging up to 4^ in. long by H in. broad ; petioles ranging up Pseicderantheminn] xciv. acanthace.b. >S19 to ^ in. long ; flowers blue or deep violet-bluish. In the damp shady primitive forest of Mata de Pungo in the praesidium ; fl. May 1857. Nos. 5177. 5192. 19. LEPIDAGATHISWilld.; P.eiith. oth sul)ulate-aristate at the base, longitudinally dehiscing ; staminodes U ; pollen ellipsoidal, minutely punctate, the tubercles not conspicuous at least near the pores ; disk cupuliform, tolerably high, embracing the base of the ovary ; ovaiy hairy, 2-celled, ovoid-conical ; cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform, a little curved ; stigma somewhat obtuse, very narrowly or obsoletely bilobed ; immature seeds flattened, broadly membranous-alate. 822 xciv. ACANTHACE^. \Jusiicia PuNGO Andongo. — In wooded rocky rather elevated places at the cataracts of streams near Cabondo in the praesidium, sporadic and rather rare ; fl. end of April 1857. No. 1248. 10. J. Anselliana T. And., I.e., p. 44 ; Lindau, I.e., p. 349, fig. 112 D ; S. Moore, I.e., p. 341 ; C. B. CI., I.e., n. 70. Adhatoda Anselliana Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 403 (1847). Dianthera (sp.), Benth. t Hook, f., I.e., p. 1114, Ambaca. — A herblet of scarcely 3 to 4 in. ; stem creeping, stoloni- f erous ; flowers white. In damp pastures on the left bank of the river Lucala ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 5172. PuNGO Andongo. — A very slender herb, floating, apparently peren- nial ; rhizome creeping far, rooting at the nodes ; stems more or less elongated according to the depth of the water : fruiting peduncles reflected. In pools at the great cataract of the river Cuanza near Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5173. Var. angustifolia S. Moore, I.e., p. 342. PuNGO Andongo. — A herb ; stem filiform, ascending when growing in spongy marshes or floating on pools ; flowers white. Between Lombe and Candumba, in company with Marsilea (cf. Welw. herb, no. 39), etc. ; fl. and fr. March 1857, No. 5098. 23, MONECHMA Hochst, in Flora 1841, p, 374. Jvsticia sect. Monechma, Benth, and Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii, p, 1109. 1. M. lolioides C. B, CI. ms, in, Fl. Trop. Afr, v. p, (ined,), Jicstieia lolioides S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 310, t. 214^ PuNG(^ Andongo. — An erect or ascending herb, with violet-purple flowers. In moist hot wooded parts of Mata de Mutollo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. Nos. 5178, 5090. Var. latifolia (S. Moore, I.e.). PuNGO Andongo. — An erect or ascending herb, a foot high, growing in dense masses ; flowers white. In somewhat dry wooded pastures with sparse herbage between Quisonde and Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5099. 2. M. scabridum C.B. CI. ms.. I.e. Jiistieia seahrida S. Moore, I.e., p. 310. PuNGo Andongo. — A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, the whole plant becoming yellowish in the course of drying ; stems branched in a broom-like manner ; flowers in the living state white. By thickets near Condo, N-billa, and Bumba, rather rare ; fl. March 1857. No. 5085. A perennial herb, erect ; corolla white. At Condo, fl. 11 March 1857. No. 5092. 3. M. Welwitschii C. B. CI. ms.. I.e. Justicia monechmoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 311. LOANDA. — An erect, bright green herb, l\ to 2 ft. high, with whitish inconspicuous flowers. In moist bushy places at Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. March 1858. Nos. 5184, 5065. 5123, 5140. 4. M. spissum C. B. CI, ms.. I.e. Justicia sp. (§ Rostellaria), S. Moore, I.e., p. 342. Jlfomchina] xci\'. acanthack.k. 823 LoANiiA. — A much-branched, annual, somewhat erect hcrblet, 4 in. liigh : root '.'> in. long ; leaves imbricate. In a wet wooded spot liL-twi-en Teba and Quicuxe, onlv one specimen found ; fr. March 1854. No. 5066. 5. M. Nepeta C. B. CI. ms.. I.e. Justicia Xepeta S. Moore, I.e.. p. 312. ./. mossamedea 8. Moore, Ac, p. 342. IcoLo E Bkn'co.— An erect, annual herb, much branched, conical in outline, a foot high. By moist thickets near Prata not far from Lagoa de Quilunda, rather rare : fr. Sei)t. 1H;')4. No. 5136. Loan DA. — An erect or ascending, annual herb ; corolla violet-purple, bilabiate ; the upper lip much shorter than the lower, obtusely bilobed : the lower lip widely spreading, 3-loIjed. In thickets on a sandy or ferruginous clay soil, near Eou Vista, very rare ; fl. and fr. end of May, 1808. Nos. 5185, 5137- MossAMKUKs. — An annual or biennial herb, obliquely climbing or erect, much branched from the base ; branches decurrent ; leaves spathu- late ; corolla yellowish at the base, at the apex especially on the liml> violet-purple. At the sides of the calcareous mountains between Mossamedes and Cavalheiros : fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859. Xo. 5003- An annual herb, branched from the base ; flowers violet- purple. Arimo de Senhor Yiana : fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 18a'.>. No. 5004. 0. M. floridum C. B. CI. ni.s., I.e. Jusiicia {^ llo.stellaria) sp., S. Moore, I.e., p. 342. Lii?()N(it). — An annual herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, much branched, strong smelling ; flowers pale purple. In rather dry places among low bushes, above Banza do Libongo, in Arimo do Senhor Freire ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. Xo. 5120. An annual, erect or ascending, much branched herb, hoary more or less throughout : leaves narrow ; flowers small, purplish. In thickets near Banza de Libongo : fr. Sept. 1858. Ci»i-i.. Cari'. 832. BuMBti. — In tields after crops of AracJiis hypogiea ; fl. and fr. No. 5032. 7. M. cleomoides C. B, CI. m.s., I.e. Justiela cleomoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 313, t. 214, fig. 2. ]\I()ssAMi:i)K.s. — A low, very densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, forming hemispherical clumps : stem and leaves glandular-pilose, very viscid ; corolla whitish, the lower lip violet in colour ; disk yellowish : stamens 2. In sandy submaritime places between Mossamedes and Cavalheiros : fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859. No. 5006- 8. M. Salsola C. B. CI. ms., I.e. Jx.siici'i S(dsola S. Moore, I.e., p. 340. MossA.MEDES. — A prostrate, suffruticose herb, very rigid throughout: fruit axillary, solitary. In dry hillv maritime places at Praia da Amelia : fr. July 1H5!I. Xo. 5023. 24. RHINACANTHUS Nees; Benth..«cHook.f.Gen. Pl.ii. p. 1112. 1. R. communis Nees in Wall. PI. As. Bar. iii. p. 109 (1832) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 342. Jtisticla nasuta L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 16 (1753). L\ Xasuta 8. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 2, p. 179 (1870). /.'. nasutus Lindau in Engl. Nat. 824 xciv. ACAXTHACE/E. [Hhhidcantkus Pflanzeiifiim. iv. 3 h, p. 339 (1895) ; O. Kuntze. Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 494 (1891). PuNGO Andongo.- — A slender ascending herb, with white flowers. In Mata de Pungo ; fl. May 1857. No. 5191. BuMi'.o. — Branches spreading ; tlowers whitish, numerous, arranged in rather lax cymes. In Serra de Xella ; fl. Oct. 1859. A hairy, large- flowered form of the srecies. No. 5010. Princes Island.— In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5204. 25. ECBOLIUM S. Kurz ; Benth. & Hook f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1118 ; non L. (1735). 1. E. amplexicaule S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, p. 136. Justlcia sp., S. Moore, I.e. (1880), p. 342. LoANDA. — An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, pretty much branched ; stem and branches glaucous, more or less fleshy at the nodes ; leaves from greenish to glaucescent, very readily caducous, cordate-auriculate ; petioles short, fleshy, articulate to the swellings of the stem ; calyx 5-clef t, bibracteolate ; corolla elongate-funnelshaped, the lobes of the limb obtuse ; stamens 2, inserted on the throat of the corolla or a little below it ; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, one of them a little higher than the other ; ovary 2-celled, somewhat hairy ; stigma bifid, termin- ating the very long style. In sandy thickets near Penedo, and in public but little frequented places in the city of Loanda ; fl. and f r. Dec. 1858. :Nos. 5203, 5124. This is possibly the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 83, n. 78, as occurring in thickets near Loanda in October 1853. 26. PERISTROPHE Nees ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1121. 1. P. bicalyculata Nees in Wall. PL As. Bar. iii. p. 113 (1832) ; J. A. Schmidt, FL Cap Verd. (1852), p. 247. Justicia bicalyculata Yahl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 13 (1791). Dian- thera bicalyculata Retz in Act. Holm. 1775, p. 297. D. 2ianiculata Forsk. FL ^gypt.-Arab. p. 7 (1775). J. malabarica Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, p. 250 (1818). Cape de Verde Islands. —In gravelly depressions behind Cidade da Praia in the island of S. Thiago ; fr., nearly without leaves, Jan. 1861. No. 5176. 28. HYPOESTES R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1122. 1. H. verticillaris Soland. ex Roem. k Sch. Hyst. Veg. 1. 140 (1817); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 363. Justicia verti- cillaris L. f. SuppL PL p. 85 (1781). //. mollis T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viL p. 49 (1863) ; S. Moore, I.e. GoLUNGO Alto.— In rather dry wooded places in Sobato Cabango Cacalungo ; fl. June 1856. Nos. 5144, 5118, 5142. Var. IB. denudata Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 507 (1847). H. verticillaris, var. glabra, S. Moore, I.e. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish. In rocky bushy places between Lagoa de Ivantala and Quilengues, close to the banks of the river Caculuvar, ■sparingly ; fl. end of Feb. 18G(l. No. 5059- Dia/)edi"iii] xciv. acaxthace.t:. 825 27. DIAPEDIUM Konig in Kon. it Sims, Ann. Bot. ii. (No. iv. June 1st, 1805), p. 189. Diclipiera Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. p. 207 (1807) ; Bi-nth. iV- ll.M.k. f. (ien. PI. ii. p. 1120. 1. D. umbellatum O. Kuntze, llev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 4S5 (1891). Justicia umhelluta Vahl, Enum. i. p. 115 (1804). JJicliptera liinhellata Juss., I.e., p. 268. Didiptera verticUlaris 8. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 362; non R. k- S. Goi.uxiio Ai.To. — Herbaceous, annual or biennial, beset with glan- dular hairs having a goatish smell : corolla rosy, bilabiate, tlie upper lip lanceolate and whitish-punctate at the l)ase, the lower lip patent entire and rose-red throughout. In damp densely shady places near Sange, Bango, Camilungo, etc. : (1. and fr. June 18.").'). No. 5116- At ascending : leaves coriaceous, rigid, rather glossy. In stony places not far from the ocean, by the road which leads from Funchal to Camara dos Lobos, abundant ; fl. end of August 1853. Xo. 784. XCVI. VERBENACE/E. 1. LAXTANA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1142. 1. L. Camara L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. G27 (1753). L. (intidotalis Sehuiu. ct Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 50(1829). LoANDA. — A shrub, 4 to ft. high: root woody: stems several, erect or oblique, distinctly hexagonal or obtusely tetragonal ; branches and branchlets patent ; leaves almost always (according to Welwitsch) ternate, sometimes opposite : tlowers yellow, almost tending to orange in colour ; bracts linear-lanceolate, shorter than the corolla-tube : drupels deep blue. In thickets not far from the ocean, extending at intervals from Ambriz to the mouth of the river Cuanza ; at Penedo ; fl. Feb. 1858. Used as an officinal plant by the negroes ; scent very agreeable. No. 5722. In ti. and fr. Nos. 5650, 5715, 6658. PiNtio Andongd. — In fr. Dec. 185(3. Xo. 5692. A much branched shrub, 5 ft. high, with numerous stems and orange-coloured flowers. In thickets at the outskirts of INIata de Pungo : fl. Jan. 1857. No. 5723. A simple erect shrublet, (3^ in. high, apparently perennial ; leaves membranous ; flowers orange-yellow. In a rocky part of the presidium, at Barrancos da Pedra Pungo : only one specimen, fl. May 1857. No. 5621. In ti. and young fr. No. 5676. MossAMEDi'.s. — A shrub, 4 to (3 ft. high, subscandent or rather with virgate sarmentose Ijranches : flowers saffron- or orange-yellow ; drupels black-bluish. At the banks of the river Bero, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 5765. Caim: dk Vei;i)i; Islands. — Prickly, shrubby ; fr. baccate. In St. Jago : fl. and fr. Jan. 18G1. Belongs to this or an allied species. No. 5626. 2. L. salvifolia Jacq. Hurt. 8choenbr. iii. p. 18, t. 285 (1798). Luanda. — A much branched undershrub, scarcely a shrub, woody at the base ; branches divaricate : corolla white, yellow at the bottom. At the lowest parts of the mountains between Penedo and Forte Conceiyfio : fl. and fr. 22 April 1858. No. 5720. GoLUNGo Alio. — Roadway near Mussengue ; fl. April 1855. A broad-leaved form of the species. No. 5742. An \indershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, at first erect or even strict, afterwards almost a shrub with twisted arching branches : flowers milk-white. At the outskirts of forests in Sobato de Quilombo and at the river Quango, etc. : ii. and fr. April 185G. Nos. 5666, 5643, 5727, and Ci.l. Caui-. 841. CA/.EN(io. — A sufl'ruticose herb. 3 to 4 ft. high. By thickets near Cacula ; fl. June 1855. A l)road-leaved form. No. 5743. PLN(io Andongo.— An undershrub. 1 to 2 ft. high; root woody: stems numerous, prostrate or ascending : flowers very prettily violet-rosy, scentless ; fruit baccate, edible, resembling a mulberry but the drupels larger violet-rosy shining like pearls and separated from each other by broad projecting bracts, with a very pleasant acid taste suggesting 828 xcvi. VERBENACE^. \^Laniana that of the berries of the Portuguese Emprtrum album. Very plentiful throughout the praesidium, in secondary thickets chiefly on ti sandy soil, flowering from October to January ; at Luxillo, fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5729. An undershrub or rather a herb at length becoming woody at the base ; root thick, woody, very hard : stems few, some- times erect or oblique but mostly ascending or even prostrate : flowers very elegant, violet-i'osy or very rarely white : berries edible, pale violet in colour, pleasantly acid-sweet. In rather dry bushy places between Pungo Andongo and Candumba, plentiful ; fl. Feb. and May 1857. No. 5620- A suifruticose herb, 5 to 6 ft. high ; stems numerous, erect, branched ; branches somewhat erect ; flowers brilliantly white ; fruit baccate, of a dirty violet colour ; drupels monopyrenous. In rocky thickets to the south of the prsesidium and at the river Casalale plentiful ; fl. and fr. end of April 1857. No. 5691. Fruit edible, like a strawberry ; in fl. No. 5693. An erect or decumbent herb, almost suffrutescent at the base ; root woody, perennial ; flowers rosy-purple or violet in colour ; fruit baccate violet- coloured, pleasantly acidulous, edible. At Candumba : fr. March 1857. Apparently this species. Coll. Cakp. 842. HniLLA. — Flowers white. In the poorer thickets near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1859. No. 5755. An undershrub, U to 3 ft. high, with white flowers. In the Monino thickets near Humpata : fl. and fr. Jan. and April 1860. No. 5761. This as here treated is a very variable species : the Pungo Andongo specimens include the Lantana mentioned by Welwitsch in Apontam. p. 591. n. 111. 3. L. subtraeta Hiern, sp. n. A perennial herb ; rootstock woody ; stems several, elongate- sarmentose, 1 to 1^ ft. long, scabrid-hispid with stift' whitish spreading hairs, rather slender ; leaves opposite, ovate elliptical or obovate, mostly spreading, rigidly herbaceous, more or less obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the base, minutely glandular, more or less scabrid, yellowish green on both faces in the dry state, crenate-serrate except near the base, 1 to It^ in. long by \ to § in. broad, the uppermost ones smaller; venation slender, slightly depressed on the upper face ; the middle internodes \\ to 2^ in. long ; flower-heads solitary in the lower axils, ovoid or hemispherical, ^ to ^ in. long, bracteate at the base and between the flowers ; bracts elliptical-ovate or the lower ones oval, herba- ceous, minutely glandular, hispidulous on the back, shortly ciliate, acute at the apex or the lower ones obtuse, mostly entire, narrowed at the sessile base, suberect or rather spreading, the middle ones about ] in. long, the upper ones rather smaller, the lower ones rather larger ; nerves slender ; peduncles of the heads \ to ].- in. long, hispid ; flowers numerous, sessile or nearly so, about i in. long ; calyx about ttV in. long, minutely glandular, hairy, com- pressed, shortly tubular, somewhat keeled but not winged on the two edges ; corolla about i in. long, shortly hairy outside, white, tubular ; the tube a little bent below the middle, slightly dilated about the bend ; the limb deeply obtusely and unequally 4-lobed ; fruit ovoid, somewhat compressed, 2-celled, about — in. long ; endocarp thinly crustaceous. Lantaiui] xr \i. verrenace.e. 82!) Hcil.i-A. — In hilly places near Lopollo amonp shrubs, rather rare, fl. and fr. Nov. 18.'. 'J ; also in thicket.s flooded in the rainy season, in the same neighbourhood : H. and fr. Jan. 1S(30. No. 5756. 4. L. viburnoides Valil. 8ymb. Bot. i. p. 45 (1790). C/mrar/ient rihnrnoiflpft Forsk. Fl. -^gypt.-Anib. p. 110 (1775). Hlli.L.\. — An aromatic undershrub. U ft. high or more, with white flowers. In the Lopollo thickets : H. Dec. 1859 and Jan. IhGU. No. 5762. Flowers white. In the ]Monino forests among tall herbs ; ti. end of March 1860. No. 5751. Our specimens are not in fruit, and therefore their determination isi doubtful. 2. LIPPIA Houst., L. ; Beutli. cV: Jlook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1142. 1. L. nodiflora :\Iich. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 15 (1803). V,',-he,>a nndijiora L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 20 (1753). Phi/la nodijlora E. L. Greene, Pittonia iv. p. 4G (1899). Lo.W'D.A.. — A bright green, prostrate-rooting herb ; leaves firm and somewhat rigidly fleshy ; flowers purple. In damp pastures near Quicuxe, not plentiful ; fl. 10 June 1858. Nos. 5638, 5717. Bark.v do Bf,N(;o. — An extensively creeping, bright green herblet, with somewhat fleshy leaves and whiti.-'h-rosy flowers. About the lake of Quisequele near Quifandongo, plentiful : fl. Dec. 1853. No. 5642. PuNGD Andoncii. — Flowers violet-purple. At Salina da Dungo : H. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 5694. Mos.sAMKDEs. — Flowers purple. In damp sandy places at the lakes of the river Caroco. abundant, in company with I/elf ochlod schonioidex Host (Welw. herb. no. 2G22) : fl. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 5748. 2. L. adoensis Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abys.s. ii. n. 1079 (1842) ; ►Schauer in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 578 (1847); A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 167 (1S51). Lantana ahyssinica Otto k, Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeit. ix. p. 379 (1841). Lipjna grandifoUa Hochst., I.e., ii. n. 734 ; A. Rich., I.e. GoLUNGo Alt(i. — Between Trombeta and Cabondo : in late fr. Sept. 1854. No. 5741. Cazengo.— An erect herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with the aspect somewhat of a Sjiarf/anophiiiKs. In the drier bushy places between the river Luinha and Mount Muxaida ; in young fl. June 1855. No. 5627- A^iiiACA. — An undershrub, Ii to 2 ft. high : stems ascending, angular : leaves coriaceous, very rough-: flowers small, whiti.sh. In bushy places near Halo, sparingly; fl. Oct. 185(3. Diifers from the type of the species by its ascending and not strictly erect habit. No. 5732. Pu.NGd AMioN(i(). — An erect undershrub. In rocky places to the south of the proesidium ; in fl.-bud middle of April 1857. Nos. 5690 //, 5667 /Mtrtl,/. \ar. multicaulis. An erect undershrub, 3 to 7 ft. high, more or less aromatic ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous, angular, f urrowed, branched above ; branchlets opposite or ternate, erect-patent, liispidulous- pubescent ; leaves opposite or ternate, lanceolate or narn)wly elliptical, more or less narrowed at both ends, scabrid and hispidu- lous with impressed venation above, thinly pul)escent or hisj)idu- lous beneath, crenulate, 2 to 4tV in. long by .'. to 1] in. bioad : 830 xcvi. VERBENACE^. [Lippia petiole ^ to i in. long ; flowers small, capitate ; heads sub- hemispherical in flower, ^ in. in diameter, densely bracteate, ovoid-oblong in fruit ; bracts ovate-oblong, imbricate, shortly pubescent on the back, minutely glandular, longitudinally lined, about i in. long ; calyx scarcely or about -^^ in. long, hairy ; corolla ^ to i in. long, brilliantly white or whitish ; limb small, j^g in. in diameter ; style -^^ in. long ; fruit dry. Ambaca. — In the more elevated bushy mountainous places about Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 5733. PuNGO Andoxgo. — In bushy rocky places to the south of the prae- sidium, plentiful ; fl. and fr. middle of April 1857. Bunda name ' ' Mangue." Nos. 5690 2>artbj, 5667 i^artly. 3. L. asperifolia Marthe, Cat. PI. Jard. Med. Paris, p. 67 aSOl). Verbe7ia glohiflora L'Herit. Stirp. Nov. p. 23, t. 12 (1784). Lantana lavandidacea Jacq. PI. Ear. Schoenbr. iii. p. 59, t. 361 (1798). Bumbo. — A strongly aromatic undershrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with white flowers. In thickets near Bumbo, very plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1839. No. 5749. HuiLLA. — Flowers white. In hilly thickets on the right bank of the LopoUo river ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Feb. 1860. No. 5750- I have not seen the type of this species ; our specimens bear some resemblance to L. adoensis Hochst., but the heads of flowers are smaller. 3. VALERIANOIDES Boerh. ex Medic. Phil. Bot. i. p. 177 (1789). Ahena Neck. Elem. Bot. i. p. 296 (1790). Stachytarpheta Vahl, Enum. i. p. 205 (1804); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1145. 1. V. mutabilis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 510 (1891), ( Valerianodes). Stachytarpheta mutabilis Vahl, I.e., p. 209. Stachytaiyha elegans Welw. Apontam. p. 588. n. 56 (1859). LOANDA.— At Bemposta ; fl. Dec. 1858. Nos. 5737, 5649, 5716. PuNGO Andongo. — An undershrub, 3 ft. high, much branched from the base ; branches divaricate-ascending ; flowers of a deep violet colour. In secondary thickets near Quitage, between Pungo Andongo and Cassange, rather rare ; fl. beginning of March 1857. No. 5631. An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, fastigiately branched at the apex ; flowers violet or white or variegated with purple. In thickets near Quitage ; fl. March 1857. Cor.L. Carp. 840. HuiLLA.— At Catumba ; fl. May 1860. No. 5764. Welwitsch in Apontam., I.e., states that this is a very rare plant and was found by him only in one spot ; but in a ms. note he reported it as plentiful in another locality. It is perhaps the Stachj/tarpketa mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 1.30, as an ornamental undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with large white handsome flowers, and as growing in damp fields in the Loanda country, where it is rather rare and flowers from November to February. 2. V. jamaicensisO. Kuntze, I.e., p. 509 {Valerianodes jamaieense). Verbena javiaicensis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 19 (1753). Verb, indica L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 85 (1759) ; Jacq. Obs. Bot. iv. Valerimioides] xcvi. verbenace.e. 831 p. 7, tab. 86 (1771). Verb. fmgiisHfolia Mill. Diet. ed. 8, n. 15 (1768). Stiichytarplieta angnsti folia, S. indica, and S. jarnaiceiisis Vahl, Enum. PI. i. pp. 205, 206 (1804). ,S'. imlica Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 240 (1884). LoANDA. — In damp places at the edges of ponds near Quicuxe, and by Represa do Manoel Pereira van Hunnen, rather rare ; fl. beginning of July 1854. No. 5652. Icoi.o V. Bknco. — An annual, erect, bright green herb, branched from the base ; leaves membranous, rather glossy : flowering spikes straight, very slender, elongated, usually more than G in. long ; flowers violet-purple, rarely whitish-violet in colour, scarcely larger than those of Verbemi officinalis L. In swampy places about Lagoa da Funda, not uncommon ; also near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. beginning of Sept. 1859. No. 5640. According to a note of Welwitsch, this species is used in Loanda, where it is [)lentiful, as a remedy in cases of dysentery, in the same way as it is in tropical America : the native name is '' Cachinde ca menha." 4. DURANTA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1150. 1. D. erecta L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 637 (1753). D. repem L., I.e. D. jjlumieri L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 888 (1762). HuiLLA. — A much-branched shrub, 5 to (> ft. high, with blue flowers. In shrubby places near Lopollo, in company with Pshulia arabica Jaub. c^ Spach (Welw. herb. no. -JOH), Jii.-32), and SijiluiHinitlnifi duinalis (Welw. herb. no. 5703) ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 5760. An arborescent spinescent shrub, with bright blue flowers. In thickets near Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. andfr. May 1800. Coll. Carp. 91. 5. PREMNA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1 152. 1. P. angolensis Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. xviii. ]». 165 (22 Dec. 18'J:3). G()LrN(;o Alto. — Glabrescent except the puberulous inflorescence; branches woody, subterete, somewhat pallid, striate, inconspicuously lenticellate ; branchlets somewhat angular, leafy ; leaves ternate, quaternate or opposite, roundly ovate, cuspidate obtuse or pointed at the apex, usually very obtuse or sub-truncate at the base, thinly coriaceous, entire and somewhat undulate on the margin, yellowish green on both faces, 3 to 5 in. long by 2 to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petioles 1 to 3 in. long ; inflorescence terminal, subglobose, about 3 in. in diameter, divaricately branched, densely many-flowered : common peduncle .scarcely an inch long ; ultimate pedicels very short, sub-obsolete ; bracteoles minute ; flowers about jlr in. long, crowded ; calyx about -V in. long, hemispherical-campanulatc, truncate or scarcely lobed • corolla shortly tubular ; the tube about .}^ in. long by ,^.- in. broad ; the limb oblique, 4-lobed, somewhat spreading ; the lobes rounded ; the throat hairy : stamens 4, subdidyuamous, scarcely exserted, inserted on the corolla-throat, glabrous : style -^^ to ^~ in. long, scarcely exserted, glabrous, straight or a little curved, notched at the apex ; ovary depressed-spheroidal, marked with two furrows, nearly glabrous, with some small scaly hairs or minute glands. At Undelle ; fl. April IHoG. Called " Mungongo." No. 5628. A tree, 832 xcvi. VERBENACE^. [Premnct 20 to 3.') ft. high, 1 to 2h ft. in diameter at the base, where it usually divides into 3 or 4 stout tortuous trunks one or two of which are straighter and stricter, with the habit of Catalpa bir/nonioides Walt., glabrous throughout except the slightly puberulous inflorescence; wood light, durable and resonant, adapted for the manufacture of various musical instruments, as for instance the marimbas, and for drum- sticks ; branches pale, lenticellate, subterete ; branchlets obtusely angular, furrowed ; leaves ternate or opposite, broadly ovate or oval, usually cuspidate at the apex and wedgeshaped at the base, papery, somewhat glossy, pale yellowish green (in the dry state), entire or undulate-subrepand on the very narrowly revolute margin, 3h to 5 in. long by 2 to 3h in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib ; petioles li to 3j in. long, rigid, very brittle at the base where they are jointed to the branchlets : panicles of the numerous white flowers terminal, very large, pyramidal or thyrsoid, divaricately branched, about a foot long and nearly as broad : common peduncle about 3 in. long, deeply furrowed, robust ; ultimate pedicels very short ; bracteoles subulate or minute ; flowers J- in. long ; calyx campanulate-oblong, J^ in. long, subtruncate, indistinctly bilobed : corolla-tube ^\^ to Jg- im long ; limb 4-lobed, somewhat oblique ; throat hairy ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, inserted on the corolla-throat, glabrous, scarcely exserted ; style ^^j in. long, glabrous, with two short spreading branches at the apex ; fruit of a fine bluish colour, as large as a juniper berry. In forests and palm groves in the Sobatos of Calanga, Quilombo, Bango, etc., plentiful : fl. Jan., fr. March 1855. Kos. 5639, 5724. At Sange : fr. March 1856. Coll. Cakp. 843. It occurs also in the districts of Cazengo and Ambaca. See Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 15, n. 36 (1862). The wood is also used for internal doors, benches, etc. The local name is " Pao Mungongue " or "Mugongue." 2, P. polita Hiern, sp. n. A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branches elongated, puberulous or nearly glabrate, lenticellate, subtei-ete, subsarmentose, leafy ; branchlets patent, often abbreviated or bracbiate ; leaves oval or ovate, acuminate and apiculate at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the 3- to 5-nerved base, thinly coriaceous, minutely glandular, deep green above, paler beneath, nearly glabrous or slightly pviberulous, somewhat glossy, entire or subrepand on the narrowly revolute margin, opposite, spi-eading, 2 to 3 in. long by fr to 1 in. broad or rather larger ; venation rather slender ; petioles | to f in. long, puberulous ; inflorescence terminal, umbellate-corymbose, 2 to 3 in. in diameter, shortly pedunculate, puberulous, divaricately branched, rather dense ; ultimate pedicels short, bracteolate ; primary or sub-primary branches of the cymes umbellate, bracteate at the base ; bracts sublinear, about i in. long ; bracteoles smaller ; flowei'S numerous, about i in. long ; calyx ^2 ^^- long, campanulate, glandular-puberulous, shortly and unequally 5-lobed, the teeth obtuse ; corolla shortly tubular glandular-puberulous outside, shaggy inside about the throat, the lobes rather small ; stamens sub-didynamous, glabrous ; filaments short, inserted at the corolla- throat ; style slender, shortly exserted, with 2 short spreading branches ; fruit spheroidal, rounded at the apes, minutely glandular-puberulous, marked Premna] xcvi. verbenace^. 833 with 4 .shallow longitudinal and other furrows, I to ] in. long, i to ,y in. broad, received at the base into the persistent not lengthened calyx ; endocarp crustaceous ; .seeds (in one case) 2. GoU'Nco Alto. — In the more elevated thickets among the Alto Quota mountains, very rare ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5656 ; fr. July 1855. No. 5725. Aspect somewhat of Sij/hoinmlliu.s (jlabra. 3. P. colorata ITiern, sp. n. A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high in the primitive forests or in .secondary woods 12 to 15 ft. ; trunk slender, straight, 3 to 4 in. in diameter at the base, with a whitish bark; head wadely spread ; branches opposite, patent ; branchlets spreading nearly horizontally, more or le.ss clothed with tawny short stellate tomentose hairs, inconspicuously lenticellate ; leaves opposite, oval or nearly so, acuminate at the apex, obtuse or obliquely narrowed at the base, papery or membranous, entire or nearly so, minutely glandular, pale green and more or le.ss clothed with tawny stellate hairs along the midrib and principal veins above, subglaucescent and comparatively glabrescent beneath, 3 to 6 in. long by 1 .V to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petioles }. to 1 in. long, tomentellous ; llowers about -fg- in. long, as well as the whole inflore-scence ])ale-sulphur in colour or the flowers whitish violet, arranged in terminal obtusely pyramidal pubescent patently branched bracteate many-flowered panicles of 3 to 6 in. long; common peduncles ranging up to 2 in. long, tawny-tomentose ; bracts and bracteoles narrow, the lower ones |- to i; in. long, the upper ones rather shorter; ultimate pedicels |^ in. long or shorter, tawny- tomentose ; calyx campanulate or subhemispherical, somewhat (•ompre.ssed, jV to ..^^j in. long, jjersistent, shortly 5-lobed, tomentose ; the lobes rounded or obtuse, equal or subequal ; corolla tubular, about i to i in. long, glandular outside, quickly deciduous ; the tube \ to i in. long, ^^ to -j\j in. broad, sub- gibbous about the middle ; the limb shortly bilabiate ; the upper lip 3-lobed, with reflected lobes ; the lower lip directeil forwards, deeply emarginate ; stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile, glabrous ; the filaments slender, in.serted below the middle of the coroll:i, exserted by ^^ to ^V ^^- ! anthers small, shorter than broad, 2-celled, dehiscing laterally ; style i in. long, glabrous, terminal, exserted, bilobed at the apex, the branched stigmatose and capitellate at the apex ; ovary ^j in. long, subglobose, entire, superior, glandular above, 4-celled ; ovules solitary ; young fruit glabrate, unlobed, J in. broad. GoLiNCJo A i.To.— Flowers whitish violet. In the more elevated primitive forest of Cungulungulo ; fl. Feb. 18.')5. No. 5663. PuNco Andonco. — Flowers sulphur-coloured. In the deep valleys among the gigantic rocks of the pncsidium at Casongue; fl. Nov. 1850. No. 5730. Flowers straw-coloured. In the wooded parts of Barranco de Songue, sparingly : fl. and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5736. Flowers pale sulphur in colour. In shaded woods at the base of the 54 834 xcvi. VERBENACEiE. \Premna gigantic rocks to the south-west of the pra^sidium, near Pedra Sonde ; fl. and young fr. 3 Jan. 1857. No. 5735. In fl. No. 5677. The following twoNas, possibly belong to Frernaa, but I cannot identify them with any described species ; they are apparently conspecific : — GoLUNCo Alto. — Shrubby ; branches spreading, a.';cending, glabrate or obsoletely puberulous, cinereous ; branchlets angular, beset with short close pallid stellate hairs ; leaves ternate or opposite, obovate, obtuse and apiculate at the apex, wedgeshaped at the base, thinly coriaceous, dark green and nearly glabrate above, paler and beset with short stellate pale hairs beneath, 2 to 3 in. long by | to H in. broad, entire or subrepand on the very narrowly revolute margin, exstipulate, lateral veins about G on each side, slender ; petioles I to f in. long> hairy at least above ; inflorescence terminal and subterminal, branched, tomentose with pale stellate hairs, bracteate ; bracteoles narrow. Near Quilombo ; fl. not developed, Jan. 185.^. No. 5637- HuiLLA. — A shrub, 4 ft. high ; leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate. In thickets near the Ivantala lake, sporadic ; fl. not developed, end of Feb. 1860. No. 6754. 6. VITEX Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1154. 1, V. madiensis Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 134. t. 131 (1875). V. ccmiporinn Biittn. in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxxii. p. 35 (1890). GoLUNGO Alto. — In the primitive forest a small tree of 6 to 8 ft.,. but in secondary thickets a shrub of H to 3 ft. sometimes somewhat erect sometimes almost decumbent ; leaves sometimes simple some- times trifoliolate ; infructescence axillary, cymose ; common peduncle If in. long, puberulous ; fruit glabrescent, h in. in diameter ; fruiting calyx hemispherical, sub-entire. In wooded sunny places and in rather dry open thickets in Sobata de Mussengue, at Menha-Lula ; fr. May 1855. No. 5713. In fl. No. 5728. Yar, parvifolia. Leaves trifoliolate or simple; the middle or only leaflet \\ to 2\ in. long by 1 to 12 in. broad ; the lateral ones smaller. GOLUNGO Alto. — A shrub of 6 to 8 ft., pei-haps in the primitive forest a tree ; flowers violet-blue ; fruit like a grape in shape, almost as large as that of V. Cienhowslcii. (Welw. herb. nn. 5633, 5645). In the drier secondary thickets of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. Jan. 1856. No. 5636. V. simpUc'ifoUa Oliv., I.e., p. 133. t. 130, non C.B. CI., is probably the same species, since our specimens include both simple and trifoliolate leaves and both longer and shorter peduncles. 2. V. Mechowii Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb, xviii. p. 1G7 (22 Dec. 1893). V.flavescens Rolfe in Bot. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 87 (1894). PuNGO Andoxgo. — A dwarf shrub, 2 to 3^ ft. high, softly shaggy- tomentose throughout ; branches patent ; flowers violet- blue, or reddish purple, comparatively large. In bushy secondary forests near Cazella, between Zamba and Pungo Andongo ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 5731. A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, divaricately branched ; flowers lilac like those of rosemary. In sandy thickets between Cazella and Luxillo, sparingly ; fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5697. Vitecr] xcvi, verbenace.e. 835 The following p(rlia[jS belongs here : — PuNOo Amxinco. — A patently branched, bushy tree, 10 ft. high, ■with trifoliolate leaves and violet-coloured flowers : fruit obovoid, l^ in. lone, ■with perfected seeds. At Candamba by the river Cuanza ; fr. Marcli IKoT. Com-. C.vur. S47. 3. V. angolensis Ciirke, I.e. Hrii.i..v.— At :Mumpnlla, H. Oct. 1K50 ; fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 5758- Flowers violet in colour. In the Empalanca thickets, sporadic ; fl. Jan. isr,0. No. 5757. 4. V. Wehvitschii Clirke, I.e., p. IGG, GoLUNco Ai.To. — An elegant, densely leafy tree, 12 to 25 ft. high or in the primitive forest probably taller ; leaves evergreen ; flower violet in colour : drupes (not quite ripe) almost globose, in shape and size like those of a Queen Claude plum, juicy, at first greenish yellow, afterwards duskj' purple. In secondary woods close to the declivities of the river Cuango, at the foot of the Queta mountains : fl. .Tune 1865 and starch 185G : young fr. Aug. 185.5. No. 5644. This is perhaps the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 58.">, n. 15, as a .scarcely described species of ]'/te.r or allied genus, occurring in the Golungo Alto primitive forests, and being a beautiful tree with widely spread crown, palmately .")- to 7-foliolate leaves, violet-coloured flowers, and large edible fruit prettily purple in the living state and greedily searched for by the negroes and wild birds. 5. V. cuspidata Hiern, sp.n. A tall tree, in old age leafy only at the top ; timber excellent ; branches spreading, minutely squamulose, smooth ; branchlets opposite, softly tomentellous, patent, tawny-shaggy at the tips ; leaves opposite, .spreading, digitately 3- to 5-foliolate ; common petioles 2 to 4 in. long, slender, more or less tomentellous ; central leaflet obovate, acutely cu.spidate at the apex, ■^vedgeshaped at the shortly petiolulate base, thinly coriaceous, deep green rather glossy and more or less furnished with scattered minute tubercles or scales above, subferruginous and softly tomentellous especially along the midrib and spreading lateral veins beneath, entire, -i to 4^ in. long by 1 to 12 in. broad ; the lateral leaflets smaller ; infructescence axillary, lax, divaricately branched, equalling or exceeding the leaves ; common peduncle 3 to 4.V in. long, rigid, rather slender, tomentellous or obsoletely so ; bracteoles nari'ow, deciduous, hairy; unripe fruit ovoid, obtuse, subglabrate, }.- in. long, -^ in. broad, ]- in. thick ; fruiting calyx subhemispherical, shortly puberulous or obsoletely so, 1 in. long, the lobes unecpial, shallow. Golungo Alto. — In the more elevated forests among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta ; young fr. April 1856. Xo. 5665 and Coll. Carp. 849. The foliage in shape somewhat resembles that of V. Welicitschi/. 6. V. Guerkeana. V. ruj'escciis Giirke, I.e., p. 1G9; non A. Jiiss. in Ann. Mus. Paris, vii. p. 77 (180G). Golungo Alto. — A tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ; head widely spreading. 836 xcvi. VERBENACEiE. [VUex very elegant ; branches spreading, the lower ones brachiate-ascending. In the primitive forests of mount Cungulungulo, rather rare, not opening its flowers for a whole year ; fl.-bud Feb. 1855. No. 5632. The Fungus n. 42 at Camilungo in June 1855 grew on the decayed trunklets of a Vitex, perhaps this species. The following two Kos. should be compared with this species ; the second one should also be compared with T. rivularis Giirke ms. in PI. Zenker, ii. 1333 from the Cameroon s : — GoLUNGO Alto. — A young tree, 5 ft. high, resembling a horse- chestnut in habit. In the Queta forests, sparingly ; without fl. or fr. Oct. 1855. No. 5654. A tall tree, almost like a horse-chestnut in habit, differing from the last No. by its leaflets being acutely toothed at the apex and without ferruginous pubescence. In the more elevated forests among the Queta mountains ; without fl. or fr. middle of Oct. 1855. No. 5712. 7. V. Cienkowskii Kotschy & Peyr. PI. Tinn. p. 27. n. 42, t. 12 (1867). V. paludosa Vatke in Linnsea, xliii. p. 534 (1882). GoLUXGo Alto. — An extensive tree ; head very broad, depressed- liemispherical ; flowers violet in colour ; fl. Jan. 1855 and May 185G. No. 5645. A vast tree, 30 to 50 ft. high ; timber whitish, good ; head widely spreading ; branches patent, somewhat tortuous ; leaves hard coriaceous, very rigid, glossy, subglaucous beneath ; flowers lilac like those of rosemary ; fruit like a grape in shape, as large as a moderate- sized pigeon's egg. In deep valleys among the Queta mountains, close io streams ; fl. Dec. 1855 ; fr. March 1856. No. 5633. A densely leafy tree, 12 ft. high, with somewhat erect branches and violet- coloured flowers. At Arimo de Mariano ; fr. beginning of July 1856. Coll. Carp. 844. In forests near Sange, plentiful ; fr. July 1857. Coll. Carp. 845. A handsome, evergreen tree ; leaves 5-foliolate ; flowers pale violet in colour ; fruit drupaceous blackish purple, with a large seed. In the primitive forests of Undelle ; fr. Aug. 1857. Coll. Carp. 846. Lichens nn. 291, 313, grew on the leaves, also Uiionu lucidida Oliv. (Welw. herb. no. 758) and Augnecuui, Gahandnr Reichenb. f. (Welw. herb. no. 658) grew on this tree. The Bunda name is " Muxillo-xillo " or " Muxillo-xyllo ; " see Welw. Apontam. p. 550 under no. 'J5, and Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 241 (1884). The branches of the large trees are pendulous, and the flesh which envelopes the stone in the fruit is very oily. No. 5746, also fi-om Golungo Alto, in fl.-bud and young fr., with leaflets narrowly elliptical or obovate wedgeshaped at base and ranging up to 8A in. long by 3J in. broad, and with petioles ranging up to 6 in. long, perhaps belongs here. It was probably this tree, growing in the district of Pungo Andoxgo, the heads of which were covered with the parasite C'a.s.sy/Ao filiforniia L. (Welw. herb. no. 6428). It may also be the " Mucolocolo," a very lofty tree with 5-foliolate leaves, racemose nodding flowers, and fruits as large as oranges containing oily seeds ; plentiful in Golungo Alto, chiefly at the foot of meadows. 8. V. Doniana Sweet, Hort. Brit., edit. 1, p. 323 (1827). V. iimbrosa Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. p. 455 (1824), non Swartz (1788). Golungo Alto. — A small tree of 8 to 12 ft., or in secondary thickets Vitex] XCVT. VERBENACE^. 837 a shrublet of 2 ft. freely flowering and fruiting : flowers violet-bluisb. On rather dry busby slopes and in reetl-beds among the Queta mountains ; fl. May ISo;'). Nos. 5634, 5635- Koadway leading to Cubata de Tindandolo ; H. April and May 1"^.'>'>. A form with the leaflets softly and shortly pilose beneath. No. 5695- Var. ? pumila. PuNco AmiOm;<). — Pedras de (iuinga ; in (1. and young fr. No. 5668. A small subglabrous shrub, l.V to ;'. ft. high; stems numerous, simple, erect; leaves 3- to .")-f()liolate, coriaceous; flowers becoming violet in colour. In wooded thickets near Podra de Guinga, rather rare ; H. March ]8."»7. No. 5747. The type specimen of the above species in the National Herl)arium is too imperfect to warrant certainty of identification with our specimens : the Pungo Andongo plants belong perhaps to a distinct species from those of ( rolungo Alto. 9. v. huillensis lliem, sp. n. Closely branched ; branchlets ascending, obtusely angular, .'ioniewhat tawny or a.shy, more or less tomentellous with pallid .sliort soft hairs ; leaves mostly ternato, digitately 3- to 5-foliolate ; common petiole 1 to 2 in. long, pilose-tomentellous ; central leaflet obovate, often narrowly so, shortly acuminate pointed or rounded at the apex, wedgeshaped or obtuse at the base, thinly and firmly coriaceous, yellowish green and somewhat scabrid above with very short deciduous hairs arising from minutely tubercular persistent bases, pallid and softly and shortly pilosulous beneath, entire, 2 to 3' in. long by 1] to 1;,' in. broad, shortly petiolulate ; lateral veins about 10 on each side of the midrib, .slender, midrib prominent beneath ; lateral leaflets smaller ; inflorescence axillary, softly pi lo.se -tomentose w^ith pallid hairs, den.sely cymose, shorter and narrower than the leaves; common peduncle -j to lA in. long ; bracts very narrow, subulate, ,\ in. long or shorter, deciduous ; ultimate pedicels very short ; flowers numerous, ] to 1 in, long ; calyx baiiy outside, glabrous inside, obliquely campanulate in flower, .somewhat enlarged and hemispherical in young fruit, shortly 5-lobed ; the lobes subdeltoid, pointed, somewhat unequal ; corolla-tube J- to i in. long, above hairy outside, nearly glabrous below both inside and out, obli(iue at the top ; the limb unequally 5-partite ; the lowest lobe rounded, ^\y in. long, suberect or .spreading, hairy outside near the base, glabrous above and inside ; the other lobes smaller ; the throat glabrous or nearly .so ; stamens 4, subdidynamous ; filaments pilosulous, inserted about the middle of the corolla-tuVje ; anthers short, just exserted ; style I in. long, equalling the longer .stamens, slender, glabrous or microscopically glandular, bilid at the top ; ovary small, -tcelled, as glabrous as the style. Hr 1 1. 1. A. — In the wooded parts of the Catumba countrv among tall bushes : fl. and yoiuig fr. Dec. 18.0U. No. 5759. 10. V. andongensis Uaker i.rN(;() Alto. — At Quibixe. Leaves ranging up to 11 in. long by H in. broad : without fl. or fr. July 1855. No. 5687. A shrub, climbing widely, bluntly spiny ; leaves at the time of the flowering soft, deep herbaceous green, the adult ones at length rigid, thick, ashy; calyx and corolla (perhaps not yet fully expanded) herbaceous green ; corolla sub-bilabiate, 5-cleft ; stamens 4 : style ascending ; stigma somewhat bifid. In bushy hilly places near Sange, at Alto de Ciniterio; fl. middle of Sept. 1855, fr. beginning of Nov. No. 5739. Petioles spinescent : flowers white, very pleasantly fragrant. In the dense thickets of declivities in Sobato da Bumba-Quibixe, sporadic : fl. end of Sept. ls,-,5. No. 5648. In fl. Nos. 5686, 5745. In fl.-bud. No. 5689. Without fl. or fr. No. 5734. 2. S. sanguinea Hiern, sp. n. A climbing shrub, mostly leafless at the time of flowering, in its early stages an erect bush of 5 oi' G ft., at length scandent with one or two elongated branches ; leaves opposite or ternate or rarely alternate, broadly ovate or sub-rotund, acuminate- apiculate at the apex, more or less and usually deeply cordate at the l)ase, somewhat fleshy and thinly coriaceous, i-emotely toothed or repand, sparingly hispid-pilose above with stiflf adpressed deciduous hairs arising from minutely bulbous persistent bases, rather paler and more densely clothed with softer hairs beneatli, the adult leaves ranging up to 15 in. in length and breadth, 3- or 5-nerved at the base, those next the inflorescence smaller and subsessile ; lateral veins rather few, alternate or subopposite, rather slender ; petioles tomentellous or puberulous, striate, the adult ones ranging up to 9^ in. long ; flowering s})ike terminal, dense, (including the flowers) about a foot long, blood-red purplish throughout except the white corollas ; bracts oblanceolate or broader, pointed, ^ in. long ; flowers slightly fragrant ; calyx -^ to i in. long, puberulous, sliortly ciliate, campanulate at the base ; the limb deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes erect, persistent, oblong-ovate, acute, ^ to I in. long, not enlarging as the fruit ripens ; corolla tubular ; the tube elongated, pilose outside, 5 to 6 in. long, slender, a little dilated at the base; the limb 1 to 1^ in. in diameter, 5- partite ; the segments oval, equal, patent-reflected, rather obtuse, clothed outside with thin reddish hairs ; stamens 4, inserted a little below the throat of the corolla, all far exserted ; filaments didynamous, spirally twisted, subsecund ; connective of the 840 xcvi. VERBENACE.E. [Sijihoiutnthus anthers thick, doi'sifixed ; anther-cells distinct ; ovary obovoid, deeply 4-sulcate, 4-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell ; carpels glabrous, shining ; fruit about \ in. long ; seeds pendulous. Pdngo Andoncu. — la little woods at the base of the gigantic rocks at Cazella, sporadic ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 5705. At Catete, fl. Feb. 1857 ; also in wooded thickets near Quilange in the prsesidium; fl. middle of April 1857. No. 5688. 3. S. conglobata. Clerodendroti conglohatuiii Baker, ms. in Herb. A climbing, pale green shrub, spiny in consequence of the base of the petioles at length becoming woody • branchlets pubescent with pale spreading jointed deciduous hairs ; leaves irregularly oval or oblong, more or less cuspidate at the apex, nearly rounded or cordate at the base, entire, membranous, thinly hispid on both faces with adpressed stiff jointed hairs, 2 to 6 in. long by 1 to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petiole § to li in. long, densely pubescent with spreading jointed hairs, often bent near the base, the upper part being deciduous and the lower part hardening ; flowers white, densely crowded in hemispherical heads or abbreviated cymes terminating the branches and short lateral shoots ; bracts elliptical, hairy, ciliate, veiny, acute, i to ^ in. long ; bracteoles narrow ; peduncles short ; pedicels very short; calyx }r to \ in. long, deeply 5-lobed; the segments ovate, acute, ciliate, veiny ; corolla-tube slender, thinly pubescent, about an inch long ; the limb about ^ in. in diameter ; filaments exserted by i to | in., slender, curved, glabrous; style slender, glabrous, exserted by nearly an inch. PuNGO Andongo. — At the bottom of rather elevated rocks in dense thickets near Cabondo ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 5629. On a specimen in the British Museum set there is a bilobed leaf, probably an accidental occurrence. The species was collected by Oapello, n. 121, between Caconda and Bihe, where it is called " Tandabale." 4. S. stricta. Clerodeiidron strictum Baker ms. in Herb. An undershrub, H to 2 ft. high; rootstock woody, polycephal- ous ; stem erect, simple at least above, more or less pubescent with very short papilliform hairs intermixed with spreading jointed less short hairs, pallid, leafy, straight ; leaves opposite or nearly so, erect-patent, oval or obovate-oblong, pointed or sub- acuminate at the apex, obtusely narrowed or nearly rounded at the tri-nerved base, herbaceous-membranous, green and hispidulous with depressed venation above, somewhat scabrid pale green and with raised venation beneath, 3^ to G in. long by 1^ to 2/j in. broad ; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, con- spicuous and hispid beneath ; tertiary veins clearly maiked and hispid beneath ; petiole i to 4 in. long, hispid with short curving pale hairs ; flowers white, on very short pedicels, crowded many together in terminal subsessile bracteate sub-capitate cymes ; Siphonaathuii\ xcvi. yerbenacej:. 8-tl liracts varying,' from ovate or obovate to narrowly flliptical, very afute, liairy at tlie l)ark, ciliate, ' to 1 in. long, veiny ; calyx ; in. lung, deeply 5- or 4-lobe(l, the lobe.s ovate, very acute, resembling the bract.s in sub.stance and liairine.^s ; corolla-tube slender, liairy outside, about 2 in. long or rather more; the limb about .', in. in diameter ; the lobes 5, obtuse, imbricate in aestivation ; stamens didynamous ; filaments spiral in a>stivation, in flower straight and ex.serted by ij' or 1 in., nearly glabrous, slender; style ex.serted bv more than an inch, nearly gla])rous, slender. Pi Nco Anhonco. — In secondary wooded thickets by the river Caghuy between Caghuy and tlie river Cuanza ; fl. middle of Jan. ISO 7. No. 5685. 5. S. cuneifolia. Clerodendron cunei/oliuni Baker ms. in llerj). Flowering branchlets obtusely quadrangular, pallid, clothed with short curly hairs mixed with some long jointed ones ; inter- nodes shorter than the leaves, not or scarcely thickened ; leaves opposite, erect-patent, obovate. narrowly and abruptly cuspidate at the apex, narrowed towards the often obtuse trinerved base, membranous, deep green and adpressedly hairy above, pallid and hairy at least along the midrib and principal veins beneath, irregulai-ly toothed along the upper part below^ the cusp, entire below, 27V to 3^ in. long by 1^ to 1^ in. broad; lateral veins about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, erect-patent ; petiole }r to }, in. long, hairy, often bent at one or both ends, the base thickening; flowers crowded in dense subsessile terminal hemi- spherical abbreviated cymes or heads ; bracts elliptical, acute at both ends, about l in. long ; calyx deeply lobed, -f. in. long ; the lobes elliptical, acute, ciliate, veiny, nearly }. in. long; corolla- tube slender, 1 ^ to 2 in. long, thinly pubescent ; the limb about .'. in. in diameter; filaments and style exserted. PuN(i() Andongo. — No precise locality ; in fl. Xo. 5684. This closely resembles the last species, but the shape of tlie leaves is different. 6. S. splendens. Clerodendron sjyieudens d. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xi. p. 349 (1824). Zf.nza D(» Gounco. — In wooded places at the Mongolo river, Muxao ; fl. Sept. isr)4. No. 5664. GoLiNco Ar.TO. — On rocks and in bushy places between Cacarambola and Cambondo ; fl. beginning of Feb. 1H55. No. 5646. A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, climbing with divaricate branches ; leaves softly coriaceous, bullate-rugose ; flowers very plea.santly flesh-coloured to reddish. In the Alto Queta secondary thickets, rather rare ; H. beginning of August 18r>t"i. No. 5740. A shrub with splendid purple flowers ; capsules shining, black ; endocarp orange in colour. From Calelo to Cami- lungo, plentiful. At Sange : fr. Sept. 1K55. Apparently this species. Coll. Caki'. 8.50. Var. ? Bakeri. Scandent ; leaves villo.se-tomentose, cordiform, ranging up to 842 xcvi. VERBENACEiE. {Sijihoncmthus 5 in. long by 4^ in. broad, cuspidate-acuminate at the apex ; petioles ranging up to 6 in. long or more; flowers about 1-^- in. long, bi'illiantly scarlet ; calyx 5-cleft. Sierra Lkoxe. — At Sierra Leone, cultivated and perhaps indi- genous ; fl. Sept. 185B. No. 5653. This variety is possibly the climbing shrub with very beautiful flowers, growing by fences in mountainous situations near Freetown in Sierra Leone in Dec. 1853, and mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (Aug. 18.")4), p. 83. n. 75. 7. S. glabra. Clerodendron glahrum E. Mey. Comment. PI. Afr. Austr. p. 273 (1837). LoANDA. — In the churchyard of the island of Loanda ; fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 5651. A shrub, 4 to G ft. high, the whole plant smelling like cooked meat ; stems numerous, branched or simple ; branches sometimes erect, sometimes patent ; flowers white, In bushy sandy places behind Maranga do Povo ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 5710. A patently branched, fetid shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high, with white flowers. In sandy places at the seaside near Praia de Zamba Grande ; fl. begin- ning of Feb. 1858. No. 5721. A much-branched shrub, 4 to G ft. high ; leaves ternate, somewhat fleshy, glossy, yellowish green, rather flaccid, strong-smelling ; flowers pentamerous, white, fragrant ; calyx- lobes lanceolate-subulate ; corolla-lobes rounded-obtuse, somewhat wavy ; stamens 4 or 5 or G ; stigma somewhat bifid ; drupe spherical or nearly so, turning black when ripe, 4-furrowed, mucronate with the remains of the style, received at the base into the 5- to 7-toothed calyx. In sandy rugged places above Loanda, near Alto das Cruzes, not uncommon ; fl. and unripe fr. 8 Dec. 1858. No. 5625. In fl. No. 5657. IcoLO E Bexcio. — Near Foto ; without fl. or fr. Perhaps this species. No. 5655- Var. incarnata. A shrub, 2 to 5 ft. high ; branches shortly and softly pubescent, «rect or spreading ; leaves coriaceous, herbaceous green, somewhat fleshy, 1 to 2 in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad, mostly ternate ; petiole i to 1 in. long ; flowers flesh-coloured ; stamens 4. MossAMEDES. — In thickets at the mouth of the river Bero, in sandy somewhat salt places ; fl. July 1859. No. 5753. This variety has the habit of S. {Clerodendron) Rchmannii (Giirke in PI. Wilm. n. GOl) from the Transvaal, but the foliage of our specimens is nearly glabrous and the corolla-tube is shorter. Var. vaga. A shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, sparingly branched ; branches pallid, tomentellous, rambling ; branchlets hoary-tomentose ; leaves mostly ternate or quaternate, ^ to 1 in. long by } to ^ in. broad, more or less pubescent ; petiole ^ to i in. long ; flowei's white. Bengt-ella. — In maritime thickets near Benguella ; fl. March 1859. No. 5752. 8. S. volubilis. Clerodendrum voluhile P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. i. p. 52, t. 32 (1806?). €. muUiflormn G. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xi. p. 350 (1824). Zenza do Golungo.— At Muchao ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 5675. Siphonanthus] xcvi. vkkhknack.k. Si:j GoLUNCKi Ai.To. — A low shrub, occasionally cliinl)in>^ with long sarmentose branches : calyx coroUiiio, wliite, persistent ; corolla from greenish to whitish, deciduous : l)orries black, shining. In secondary woods near ('alnlo and Muria : H. and unripe fruit, Sept. lS.'i4. No. 5630. At (,)uibMU> : 11. Aug. IH.ji]. No. 5659. lull. No. 5680. 'J. S. formicarum. Clerodendronformicarum Giirkein Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 179 <22 Dec. 1893). C.triplinerveV.o\iiim Bui. See. Brot.xi. p. 87 (1894). GoLVNcio Ai.To. — In dry hilly places on the lower ranges of the Queta mountains : fl. and fr. Nov. 18r)4. No. 5622. A shrublet, some- times 1 to 2 ft. high and standing erect, sometimes climbing to the heiglit of 4 to h ft. ; leaves ternate : tlowers white. In sunny thickets among the Queta mountains ; H. June and July 18511. No. 5661. 10. S. costulata Hiern, sp. n. Glabrato on most parts, except the miimtely puberulous inflo- rescence ; branches -woody, rather slender, subterete or slightly compressed at the nodes, lentict41ate, leafy towards the extremities ; leaves opposite, spreading, oval, subelliptical or somewhat obovate, obtusely acuminate and ajjiculate at the apex, rounded or obtusely or obliquely narrowed at the base, entire or luidulate-subrepand on the very narrowly revolute margin, sometimes unequally 3- nerved at the base, thinly coriaceous, rather glossy, somewhat paler beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by | to 2^ in. broad ; veins and reticulation slender ; petioles g- to f in. long, transversely rugose, the older ones usually articulate and bent at a right angle near the base, the lower part thicker and often persistent, the upper part (or the leaf-base) often bent again at the apex ; inflorescence paniculate, obtusely pyramidal, many-flowered, bracteate, about 2 to 3 in. in diameter, 4 to G in. long, terminating the branches or branchlets ; the primary divisions patent, rather lax, opposite, slender ; the ultimate pedicels i to i in. long, slender, sometimes braeteolato ; bracts and bracteoles narrow ; flowers pentamerous ; calyx campanulate-oblong, delicately ribbed longitudinally, shortly lobed, about 1 in. long ; the lobes rather narrowly deltoid, acute, nearly equal ; corolla tubular ; the tube i to § in. long, rather slender ; the limb spreading or reflected, sub-bilabiate, deeply lobed ; the lobes roundly obovate, |- to ^ in. long ; the throat funnel-shaped; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted ; the filaments inserted at the bottom of the corolla-throat, J and f in. long ; anthers about .,|,- in. long ; style about equalling or slightly exceeding the longer filaments, bifid at the top. Prxoo Andongo.— In fl. Nos. 5679, 5682. This species has the aspect of .S. {ChrodoKh-nn) linchhohii [Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 17(5 (1S',(3)], but the flowers and leaves are smaller and the net-veins on the lower surface of the leaves more conspicuous ; it differs from N. (C.) Pnits^ii (Giirke, /.<■., p. 175) by the shape of the calyx, etc. 11. S. botryodes Hiern, sp. n. A sarmentose, glabrous shrub ; branches terete, smooth ; leaves opposite subopposite or alternate, elliptical or oblong, obliquely 844 xcvi. VERBENACE^. [Siphoncmtlius obtuse rounded or subcordate at the base, mostly acuminate at the apex, herbaceous, 3 to 12 in. long by 11 to 5 in. broad, green above, rather paler beneath, entire or occasionally paiicidentate- repand, minutely punctate, caducous at the time of the flower ; reticulation slender, inconspicuous above ; petioles 1 to 2 in. long, articulate and often abruptly bent above the base, the upper part deciduous with the leaves, often leaving the thickened lower part subpersistent and somewhat resembling blunt spines ; inflores- cence oblong, 2 to 9 in. long, minutely puberulous, axillary or arising from the thicker branches even at the base of the shrub, many-flowered, peduncvilate, bracteolate ; ultimate pedicels .^jj to ^ in. long ; ultimate bracteoles narrow ; flowers white with rosy tint; calyx campanulate-oblong, I in. long, minutely glandular- puberulous, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes deltoid, acute ; corolla tubular, funnel-shaped, ^ to | in. long, 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate ; the lobes obovate, rounded at the apex, not very unequal, about ^ in. long ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, exsei'ted, glabrous ; filaments inserted at the bottom of the corolla -throat, f to ^ in. long ; anthers ^^ in. long ; style glabrous, exserted, nearly reaching the top of the longer filaments, bifid at the tip. GoLUNGO Alto. — In secondary woods by rivulets in Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. Aug. 1855. No. 5714. In the shady parts of the Sobatos Bumba and Bango, at the banks of streams, not uncommon ; fl. Sept. 1855. Xo. 5738. In the forest near Menha Lula in Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. Sept. 1855. No. 5662. At Quibolo ; leaves of the previous year (soon falling), without fl. or fr. May 1856. No. 5711- The two following Nos. may be compared with this species, but the leaves are wedge-shaped at the base : — GoLUNfiO Alto. — A young shrub-like little tree, 5 ft. high ; trunk ashy, straight, oppositely spiny ; branches compressed near the nodes ; the upper leaves membranous, the lower leaves coriaceous. At the cataracts of the river Cuango ; without fl. or fr. May 1855. No. 4537- GoLUNGo Alto. — A robust shrub, scandent and pendulous; leaves alternate, coriaceous, shining. In secondary thickets grown up after the burning of the forests ; without fl, or fr. Dec. 1855. No. 6713. 12. S. myricoides. Glerodendrum myricoides R. Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. p. Ixv. (1814), name only. Hpironema tnyricoides Hochst. in PI. Abyss. exsicc. i. n. 330 (1840). Ci/clotmna myricoides Hochst. in Flora XXV. p. 225(1842). LoANPA.— A tall shrub, well worth cultivating, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stems numerous, erect or oblique, pale green, marked with white scars, virgate, trichotomously branched ; leaves acuminate at the apex, attenuate and quite entire at the base, strongly serrate in the middle, membranous, bright green, more or less puberulous ; calyx almost constantly glabrous, blackish purple or greenish purple, its lobes very obtuse ; corolla pale blue, the middle lobe of the lower lip blue and thus making the flower to resemble almost exactly that of a dog-violet; stamens in the late flowers not uncommonly very short and not circinate ; drupes blackish purple, when fully ripe certainly juicy, edible, 4-pyrenous or by abortion 3- to 1-pyrenous. In quite dry and Siphonanthlifi] XCVI. VEKUENACK.K. iS4-5 also in moist sandy l»ushy places from Penedo to Quicuxe, not un- common, in dull rainy seasons iiowering and fruiting two or three times in a year : near Quicuxe, H. and fr. 7 Feb. \H'A^. No. 5700. At Penedo ; fr. with scarcely good seetls, April 18r>4. Cum,. (Jaki-. H;">1. GoMNiio Ai.Td. — A siirub. formed like a little tree, 4 to (I ft. high; trunk simple, straight ; head much branched ; Howers in shape and colour like dog-violets. In mountainous rocky places about Sange ; H. March 185(». No. 5698. A form with rather larger foliage and Howers. No. 5623. In H. No. 5708. Pr.NGo ANiitiM:<>. — -Avery elegant little tree, 7 to '.) ft. high ; trunk slender, straight, below without bnvnchcs ; head l)roadly ovate, densely leafy, G to H ft. in diameter ; leaves membranous but somewhat fleshy, turning black and falling off in drying, deep green and but little glos.sy above, pallid beneath : flowers very abundant, pale blue, the lip more deeply coloured. In the rocky pastures of Pedra de Cabondo, rather rare : fl. Nov. ISotJ. No. 5699. An undershrub, li to 3 ft. high, erect or ascending at the base ; leaves ternate or quaternate, sub- coriaceous, somewhat shining above, paler beneath : flowers handsome, from cornflower-blue to sky-blue, resembling tho.se of a violet. In rocky thickets about Caghuy, plentiful ; fl. end of Nov. 185ti. No. 5704. A shrub, 4 to '.I ft. high, much branched from the base ; leaves membranous but somewhat fleshy, deep green above, scented like cooked pork ; corolla pale blue, the lip concave and more deeply violet-blue. In wooded thickets near Quilange; fl. and unripe fr. Dec. 1856. No. 5707. A handsome undershrub, '1 to 3 ft. high ; rhizome woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous, erect or oblicpie, sparingly branched : leaves quaternate, subverticillate. shining ; flowers very pleasantly violet-blue ; drupes turgid, 2- or 3- or rarely 4-loljed, when quite ripe blackish purple, with only a little red juice, eaten by the negroes. On the more barren plains and in rocky thickets about Pungo Andongo, very plentiful; fl. and fr. from Feb. to April 1857. No. 5703. In fl. Nos. 5681. 5683. \i\v. herbacea. A perennial herl), with many erect bx'aiiche.s from the base, \l to 2 ft. high ; llowens pale sky-blue, rather larger than in the type. IIrii.r,.v. — In wooded places at lake Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. 18(30. No. 5768. This species is probably the plant mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisboa, No. 7, p. 84. n. Dl (Aug. 1854) : and in Bol. Offic. Gov. Angola, No. 7U0, p. 7. n. 91 (2G Feb. 1859). He described it as a shrub of 4 to (5 ft., with very elegant whitish violet flowers like a violet ; it was found rather rare in Loanda thickets in Jan. 1854. 13. S. assurgens Hiern, .sp. n. A robust undershrub or a shrub of 6 to 10 ft. high, climbing high and widely ; stem.s woody at the base and upwards, becoming whitish, quadrangular ; brandies softly pube.scent ; leaves opposite, oval or somewhat ('lli])tical, pointed obtuse or acuminate at the apex, more or le.'js obIi(iuely narrowed or ol)tu.se at the base, some- what fleshy, rigid, .scarcely glos.sy deep-green and with scattered adpressed hairs above, paler and more closely clothed with hairs and minute glands beneath, entire or nearly so, 3 to 5 in. long by Vf to 3,' in. broad, the floral ones smaller; lateral nerves 4 to 7 on each side of the midrib, rather slender; petioles ranging up 846 xcvi. VERBENACE^. [S'iphouanthitu to an inch long, pubescent-tomentose ; inflorescence consisting of comparatively few-flowered lax leafy bracteate pubescent terminal panicles narrowing towards the apex ; lower peduncles axillary, 3- to 1 -flowered, slender, spreading, 11 to '2\ in. long, the upper ones successively shorter ; pedicels ranging up to 1^ in. long, mostly shorter ; bracteoles narrow ; flowers violet-blue but less brightly so than in *S'. myricoides ; calyx shortly campanulate, ^ in. long, persistent, hairy outside, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes obtuse or rounded ; coi-olla glabrous outside or nearly so ; the tube about \ in. long and broad, ventricose ; the limb bilabiate, about }r in. long ; the lobes laige, obovoid, rounded at the apex, spreading ; the throat hairy ; stamens 4, far exserted, nearly 1| in. long, somewhat unequal, glabrous, inserted at the top of the corolla-throat ; style leaching about the same height, slender, glabrous, bilobed at the apex; young fruit subglobose, about i in. in diameter. Puxco Andongo. — In the primitive woods of Mata de Pungo ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5702. In bushy places at the outskirts of primitive forests and in shady rocky places, rather rai'e ; fl. and young fr. April 1857. No. 5701. In small primitive woods in the prsesidium ; fl. April 1857. No. 5706. This species belongs to the section Cyclonema. 14. S. dumalis Hiern, sp. n A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; branches subterete, pale brown, glabrate, inconspicuously lenticellate ; branchlets softly pubescent- tomentose, leafy at the extremities ; buds tomentose ; leaves opposite, oval-obovate or elliptical, obtuse or pointed at the apex, wedgeshaped at the base, lirmly herbaceous, closely beset with short stift' pale hairs and minute glands especially beneath, entire or nearly so, pale green, 1 to 1^ in. long by }t to ^ in. broad, the floral ones smaller ; petioles ^ to ^ in. long ; inflorescence terminal or sub-terminal, somewhat leafy and bracteate, rather lax, 2 to 4 in. long, hispid-tomentose, the primary branches patent, brachiate; common peduncle -]- to 1^ in. long; pedicels ranging up to }r in. long ; bracteoles spathulate or subulate ; flowers blue, rather numerous ; calyx shortly and obliquely campanulate, i to J in. long, minutely glandular and beset with short whitish stiff hairs outside, smooth inside, shortly lobed ; lobes rounded at the apex, imbricate at the base, ciliolate ; corolla-tube ^ ^o ^ in. long, 1^ in. broad, oblique, ventricose, minutely glandular outside ; limb sub-bilabiate, spreading, veiny, unequally 5-partite ; the lobes oval or obovate, rounded at the apex, |^ to ^ in. long ; throat shaggy, slit down one side ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, exserted ; filaments glabrous above, shaggy at the base, inserted at the bottom of the corolla-throat, f to |^ in. long ; anthers y\ in. long, glabrous ; ovary glandular-sqnamulose ; style glabrous, equalling or rather exceeding the stamens, cleft at the apex ; fruit quadrate- globose, somewhat compressed, furrowed down the two sides, ~ in. long and broad, \ in. thick, blackish. HuiLLA.— In thickets near Lopollo ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; fr. Jan. 1860 ; Siphonanthm] xcvi. veubenace.k. 847 in company with Paiadin (inih/fti Jaub. i^- Spach (Welw. herb, no. :}914) and Durania ercrta L. (Welw. lierb. no. :,H\0). No. 5763. This belongs to the section Cyclonema and comes near to N. (Cyrlo- nema) d/scvlur (Kl.) and to iS. {Clcrwli tulnni) Siuiuni/iri (Vatke). S. AVICENNIA L. Syst. Nat., edit. 1 (1735) ; Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 110 (M;iy 1753); Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. IIGO. liontia P. Br. Hist. Jam. p. 2G3 (1756) ; L. Sy.st. Nat., edit. 10, part ii., p. 1122 (1759); non L. (1735 and 1753). 1. A. nitida Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hi.st. p. 177, t. 112, f. 1 (17G3); L. Gen. PI., edit. G, p. 579 (17G4). Bontia (jerminans L. 8p. PI., edit 2, p. 891 (17G2), ])artlv. A. africana P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. i. p. 80, t. 47 (180G?) ; Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 487 (1849) ; Welw. in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (1854). Amuuiz. — Sometimes a great tree. Loge river : fl. and fr. Xov. 1853. No. 5726. LoANDA. — At Zamba grande ; fl. March 1854. No. 5641. A much- branched little tree, (> to 10 ft. high. At Praia da Zamba grande ; fl. July 1858. No. 5709. Also near Maianga do Rei, with erect asparagus-like radical shoots, on sand-banks, 2G Oct. ]85.'{. A single tree, about 2.') ft. high : at the right bank near the mouth of the river Bengo, Nov. 18.'.3. A shrub of 5 to K ft., Avith milk-white flowers ; on the coast of the island of Loanda, fl. and fr., Oct. 1853, in company with Rhi~oj>liora MaiKjlc L. The seeds germinate within the pericarps : cotyledons very broad, conduplicate, bilobed at the base ; plumule .seated on a scape. The Lichen n. a.jo at Maiango do Povo. in Loanda, Feb. 1854, grew on the Avireinild ; also Lichen n. 410 at Zamba grande, Dec. 1858. The following is a very doubtful member of Verbenacea} ; the short account of the fruit is taken from Welwitsch's ms. : — A handsome tree, 40 to 80 ft. high ; bark strongly cracked ; branches erect-spreading, terete, dusky-ashy, lenticellate, glabrous ; young shoots shortly puberulous, leafy ; leaves opposite and subalternate, simple, exstii)ulate, oval or oblong, witli a some- what fraiigulaceous habit, rounded or obtuse at both ends and often mucronnlate at the apex, thinly coriaceous or firmly- membranous, minutely glandular on both faces, dark green and glabrate or more or less ligured with patches of scaly puberulence above, paler or browner and often shortly pubescent by the sides of the midrib and lateral veins beneath, evergreen, entire or wavy-repand on the very narrowly revolute glabrous margin, 2 to 4 in. long ])y |^ to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about 8 on each side of the midrib,*rather slender, erect-patent, sub-parallel ; net- veins also sub-parallel, delicate ; petiole '^ to r in. long, articulate at the base, glabrate or shortly puberulous ; fruit small, edible, called by the negroes " Mungingi." LiBONco. — In a cultivated tamarind plantation, in Banzade Libongo ; only one tree : without fl. or fr. 19 to 22 Sept. 1858. No. 6737. GoLUNdo Ai/ro.— Leafy branch ; without fl. or fr. No. 6737&. The plant called "Mungiugue" in Huilla is Fadixjia Cieiikoicskit Schweinf.. ante, p. 481. 848 xcvii. LABiATiE. [Ocimn7n XCVII. LABIATE. Plants of this order are scarce in the coast regions of Angola, and are not plentiful in the mountainous forest districts, but in the highland-plateau regions they gradually increase both in genera and species, and become so abundant in individuals that they exercise a decided influence on the physiognomy of the pastures and banks of streams. Some genera are especially conspicuous in consequence of their large white or rosy bracts at the base of the white or violet-coloured flowers ; several species have filipendulous rhizomes, and some are very pleasantly aromatic ; the two species of Tinnea furnish from their dried leaves antiscorbutic powders; and the genw^ Alvesia, when seen without its flowers, much resembles rosemary, 1. OCIMUM L. ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1171, partly. 1. 0. americanum Miller ex L. Diss. Cent. PL i. p. 15, n. 42 (1755) {Ocymum); Mill. Gard. Diet., edit. 8, n. 4 (17G8). 0. stamineum Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2452 (1824), with descript. 0. canum Sims, I.e., name. Ambriz. — Iq fr. No. 5566. LoANDA. — A rather dwarf annual, often whitish-hirsute throughout when in young flower. By pools in a sandy clay soil, near Forte de Conceicao ; fl. and fr. 12 July 1854. Xo. 5618. An annual, erect, rather much-branched herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, bright' green in the living state, soon becoming hoary in drying ; aroma agreeable ; flowers white or whitish lilac. In dry hilly sandy and also on a moist clay soil, throughout the district, plentiful ; in the pastures behind Penedo ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1858. Xo. 5583 (partly). An annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched like a broom ; flowers violet-whitish. In rather dry hilly places about Loanda, plentiful ; at Maianga del Rei, fl. and fr. Jan. 1859. Nos. 5570, 5567, 5568 (partly). GoLUNGO AL'i'O.^Between Trombeta and Cabonda ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 5571- An annual herb, met with during the whole year on rubbish heaps, very pleasantly fragrant ; in cultivated and also in uncultivated places at the margins of drying-up streams, plentiful ; at Sange ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 5569. Wild every- where and probably indigenous ; at Sange ; fl. March 1856. The " Machericao (N-xilic;i) " of Golungo Alto. No. 5573. A low shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; the lower branches woody, very crowded, decumbent, tortuous, densely intricate ; the flowering branches and branchlets erect ; leaves hoary-green, without gloss, paler beneath, with a peculiar scent which was not noticed in the rest of the genus and nearly resembled that of the lemon ; flowers very fugacious ; corolla whitish, here and there spotted with violet, bilabiate, the upper lip obtusely 4.1obed, the lower Up ovate-spa thulate and entire, both lips long-ciliate, the tube naked ; stamens much projecting ; anthers whitish ; style deep purple, bifid at the apex. On very dry declivities on the right bank of the river Delamboa, rather rare : fl. and fr. end of March 185G. No. 5574. At Pereira's house ; fr. end of March 1856. Coi.L. Caki'. 853. Flowers whitish-reddish. In the hilly parts of Quilombo Quiacatubia, in short grass ; fl. and fr. No. 5617- MossAMEDES.— An annual herb, a foot high, pyramidally branched. Ocimuiu] xcvii. labiat.I':. 840 In the hilly sandy rocky parts of 8. Antonio, sporadic ; (1. and fr. end of June 18511. A late specimen. Xo. 5504- This is apparently the .species of <),■;„< nm, cultivated by the colonists in Golungo Alto, and also wild, which is called " mangericao," a Portuguese name which the negroes pronouace n'gUicd. See Ficalho PI. Uteis, p. 241 (1884). It is perhaps the Oi-ymum species mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. Xo. 24 (May 185G), p. 25U. n 118, as an uiider- vshrub remarkable for its very agreeable aroma and growing at liua A'ista, Cacuaco, 10 Aug. 18r>4. This species is perhaps not distinct from 0. husiUrnvi L. ; according to ^liller it grew naturally in India. The following note, which was found in Herb. Welw. with No. ()0;">4 (P/illoxerns rrnniciihitits Sm.) but cannot belong to it, is called Ociinum, and possibly relates to No. 5568 as ai^plied to this species or to No. 5567 : — LoANDA. — An erect herb, 2 to 2h ft. high, patently branched, but little aromatic with the scent of Oc/iauia : leaves somewhat limp, beneath densely glandular-punctate, somewhat wliitish ; Howers in distant sub.secund 3- to 7-tlowered whorls ; calyx with the lower teeth long-.subulate, contiguous, nearly connate ; corolla bilabiate, white, the lower lip entire, the upper lip trifid, the middle lobe bifid ; style bifid at the apex, with subulate branches ; nutlets 4, obovoid, nearly glabrous. In steep places on a sandy clay soil, above Penedo ; fl. and fr. July 1858. 2. 0. basilicum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 597 (1753). Capk ])i; Vr.KDK Islands. — In the island of St. Jago ; fr. Jan. 1861. A poor specimen, probably of this species. No. 5588. 3. 0. viride Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 629 (1809). Gui.UNtJo Ai.Td. — A suffrutescent herb, 4 ft. high or more, strongly and very agreeably aromatic ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous, branched al)ove. In open secondary thickets between Trombeta and Cambondo ; fl. and fr. end of May 1855. No. 5564. An undershrub or almost a shrub, i5 to 5 ft. high, quasi-evergreen ; aroma peculiar, very pleasant ; stems many from the same rootstock ; leaves dull green. Occasional by negro villages, about Sange, Camilungo, etc. ; fl. and fr. VJ July 1855. Xo. 5575- 4. 0. suave Willd., I.e. PrxGO AxnoNco. — A tall herb, very agreeably sweet-scented throughout ; rootstock becoming woody, perennial ; stem obtusely tetragonal, deeply 4-f urrowed, branched, 3 to 4 ft. high, woody at the base ; leaves soft, somewhat limp, pale green above, turning pallid beneath, very densely beset with pellucid dots ; flowers white. In bushy places at the base of the gigantic rocks near Caghuy, in company with Verbenaceai (cf. Si])Jion(nithux strictu ; Welw. herb. no. 5685) : H. and fr. 23 Jan. 1857. Xo. 5672. Pedras de Guinga ; in very young fl.-bud Jan. 1857. A poor specimen, perhaps belonging here. Xo. 5744. 5. 0. Mans Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 36 (1848), A^ar. macrocaulon Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 161 (1894). Hrii.LA. — Flowers whitish violet in colour. At Ferriio da Sola ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 18(;(l. XV 5493. This is very nearly related to 0. knijanum Vatke, but the inflores- cence is somewhat denser in our specimens than in the latter species. 55 850 XCVII. LABIATE. [OciviU71l Yar. microphyllum Briq., I.e. HuiLLA.— At Mumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5514. 6. 0. knyanum Vatke in Linn?ea xxxvii. p. 315 (1872). LOANDA.— In fl. and fr. Nos. 5568 (partly), 5583 (partly). MossAMEDEs. — An annual, pleasantly aromatic, erect herb, with whitish or purplish flowers. In sandy places, close to the river Bero, here and there ; fl. and fr. July 1850. A poor specimen, perhaps of this species. No. 5505- Our specimens diff:er from the type of the species by being less pubescent. 7. 0. modestum Briq., I.e., p. 162. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish with a violet tinge. In rocky pastures near LopoUo, among low bushes ; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 5518. 8. 0. laxiflorum Baker, sp. n. An erect, branched, suffruticose herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, sweetly smelling like balm but less powerfully so ; stems slender, several, pubescent ; leaves opposite, ovate, pointed or sub-obtuse at the apex, obtuse or nearly rounded at the base, thinly herbaceous, sparingly pubescent and minutely glandular, dark green above, paler beneath, crenate or serrate-crenate, 1 to 1| in. long by 4- to 1^ in. broad ; petiole ^ to § in. long, hirsute ; racemes terminal and in the upper axils, slender, pubescent, glandular, 3 to 8 in. long, shortly pedunculate ; verticils 2- to 6-flowered, bracteate at the base, the lower ones distant ; pedicels about ^ to i in. long ; bracts oval, -^ to ^ in. long ; flowers ^^ in. long, white ; soon withering ; calyx obliquely oblong, gibbous at the base, ribbed, i in. long in flower, i in. long in fruit, 5-cleft, minutely glandular, bilabiate, spreading or turning downwards in fruit, the posterior lobe oval, more or less spreading ; the anterior lobes subulate, erect ; the lateral lobes deltoid-acuminate ; corolla small, the tube straight, about |- in. long, the limb bilabiate ; stamens 4, didy- namous, scarcely exserted ; filaments glabrous, not aj^pendaged ; style about equalling the longer filaments, somewhat thickened at the bifid stigmatic apex ; nutlets ovoid-oblong, ^Y in. long. GoLUNGO Alto. — By thickets close to the banks of the river Cuango, not common ; fl. and fr, March 1856. No. 5554. In fl.-bud. Perhaps this species. No. 5584. PuxGO Andongo. — By moist thickets in the prtesidium, not plenti- ful ; fl. and young fr. beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 5553. In thickets in many spots but nowhere plentiful, by the Luxillo road ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5552. This species belongs to the section Gymnocimum. 9. 0. andongense Hiern, sp. n. An erect, perennial, glabrescent herb, nearly 2 ft, high ; stems rather slender, somewhat branched in the upper half, puberulous at the apex ; leaves opposite, linear or oblong-linear, subobtuse at the apex, narrowed at the sessile or shortly petiolate base, minutely glandular or glabrate, firmly herbaceous, minutely punctulate, denticulate on the upper half of the margins, 1 to 1| in. long by ^-V to i in. broad ; venation distinct, branched ; Ocimum] xcvii. i^ahiatj:. 851 inflorescence ternnual, tlie centnil spiki- ubout a foot long; verticils distant or the upper ones contiguous, 4- to G-Howered, bracteate at the base ; bracts pul)erulous, small, broad, caducous ; pedicels very short ; flowers whitish-rosy, nearly glabrous, spread- ing, large; calyx about [ in. loni;, tubular, somewhat puberalous, pendulous in fruit, bilabiate, short 5-lobed ; the posterior lip broad, entire, dark at the tip ; the anterior lip 4-loljed, denticulate- timbriate, thin, the lobes subulate at the apex from a broader base; corolla 'l in. long or rather more, bilabiate, the tube about ^ in. long, straight ; stamens 4, didynamous ; lilaments exserted, free among themselves, the longer pair about 1 Jr in. long, the shorter })air about 'j in. long; style far exserted, 1] in. long, slender, bitid at the apex ; the style-branches slender, subulate, nearly equal ; nutlets 4, oblong. PuNco Andongo. — In a sandy thicket between Cazella and Luxillo ; only one specimen ; fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5769. 10. 0. huillense Hiern, sp. n. A sufl"rutico.se herb ; stem ascending from a decumbent base, 15 in. high, obtusely tetragonal above, leafy and clothed with short whitisli spreading scattered hairs; leaves narrowly elliptical, contracted towartls the subacute apex, somewhat wedge-shaped at the shortly petiolate base, firmly herbaceous, more or less sparingly clothed with short whitish hairs, dark green above, rather ruddier minutely glandular and punctulate beneath, repand or remotely denticulate on the margin, about 3 in. long by f in. broad ; inflorescence about 4 in. long, terminal, more or less clothed with short whitish spreading hairs ; verticils about 6-flowered, the lower ones distant, the upper ones approximated, the uppermost ones forming the dense continuous apex of the spike ; flowers subsessile, ^ in. long ; calyx campanulate, ] in. long, bilabiate ; the posterior lip semicircular-ovate, subapiculate, i in. long, erect in the flower, decuirent, dark purple, a little overlapping the anterior lip at its base ; anterior lip, truncate-ovate, with two short subulate teeth at the apex which reaches about as high as the apiculus of the posterior lip, purple, densely ciliate along the top with short hairs which form a whitish frill ; corolla-tube about ~ in. long, funnel-shaped ; the limb bilabiate ; the posterior lip broad, tritid, with rounded lobes ; the anterior lip oval, nearly as long ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, the filaments coiled up together with the style in the bud, all free among themselves, glabrous, two of them with a broad tooth or appendage at the base ; stylo exserted, glabrous, long, cleft at the apex into 2 short naiTOw branches. HuiLLA.— In fl. No. 5488. 2. HEMIZYGIA Briq. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 368 (1897), and in Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Geneve, ii. p. 244 (Dec. 1898), Ocimum sect Hemizygia, Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 41 (1848). Ocimum Benth k, Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1171, partly. 852 xcvii. LABIATE. [ffemizijgia 1. H. tuberosa Hiern, sp. n. An erect or ascending, somewhat Aviry herb, a few inches to a foot high ; root thick, woody-tuberous, giving off numerous long fibres ; stems glabrescent below, puberulous or shortly pubescent above and on the inflorescence ; leaves narrowly elliptical, obtuse or subacute at the apex, wedge-shaped at the sessile or subsessile base, glabrous or nearly so, punctulate, serrate-dentate or remotely denticulate, firmly herbaceous, green above, paler beneath, 1 to 2i in. long by i^ to f in, broad ; inflorescence terminal, 1^ to 2 in. long ; common peduncle 1^ to 2^ in. long ; verticils about 6-flowered, sessile ; pedicels very short ; calyx obliquely ovoid- campanulate, somewhat narrowed towards the obtuse base, i in. long, bilabiate ; the posterior lobe entire, rounded, subapiculate at the apex, nearly glabrous, erect and about yV in. long in the flower, decurrent ; the anterior lip 4-lobed ; the lateral lobes obliquely subquadrate, yV in. long, about -jV in. bi-oad at the base, puberulous, with subulate teeth along the upper margin, the teeth very short except those next the middle lobes of the anterior lip ; the middle lobes subulate, y\ in. long ; corolla bilabiate, the tube short ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, glabrous for the most part ; two of the filaments free to the base, inserted at the lower part of the corolla-tube, Avith a blunt puberuluous troad appendage near the base ; the other two filaments united in the lower third part, glabrous throughout ; style long, glabrous, cleft at the apex into 2 short narrow branches. PuxGo Andon'GO. — In rather dry hilly bushy places near Condo ; ft. -bud March 1857. No. 5565. 3. GENIOSPORUM Wall. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 11 72. 1. G. angolense Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 164 (1894). HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy. In damp meadows along the Ferrao da Sola stream ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5490. Flowers rosy-whitish. Along the Monino streams : fl. and fr. Jan. 18(30. No. 5491. In the damp elevated thickets of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. end of April 1860. A more branched and weaker form than the type. No. 5498. Frequently the leaves are opposite and not ternately verticillate. 2. G. strictum Hiern, sp. n. A strictly erect, smooth herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stems striate or sulcate, minutely glandular-puberulous, rather slender, rigid, fistula r ; branchlets very slender, erect or ascending ; leaves ternate quaternate or opposite ; oblanceolate, shortly narrowed and. apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to the subsessile or very shortly petiolate base, firmly herbaceous, glabrous or glabrescent, minutely pellucid-punctate, serrate along the upper half of the margins, 1 to 2^ in. long by ^ to ^ in. broad ; verticils several or many-flowered, bracteate at the base ; the upper ones crowded ; the lower ones separate, more or less distant ; spikes terminal and in the upper axils, solitary or ternate ; the terminal one the longest, about 2 to 6 in. long, on a peduncle of 1 to 3 in. long ; pedicels in the lower verticils about y\j^ in. long, pubescent ; the Geniospoi'um] xcvii. labiate. 853 lower bracts about !; in. long, ovate-rhomnoid, somewhat pnboscent beneath, sessile, denticulate or subcntire ; the u[)|)er ones smaller ; flowers purple; calyx ■^.- in. long, obliquely campanulate-henii- spherical, pube.scent, sub-bilabiate ; the .*} anterior lobes small, deltoid ; the posterior lobe or lij) not exceeding the others, rounded or subquadrate, entire or nearly so ; corolla I in. long, bilabiate ; the tube y^- in. long ; stamens and style exserted. Hi" I i.i..\. — At the stream near Ferrao da Sola ; fl. May 18G0. No. 5499. .".. G. paniculatum Baker ms. in herb. An annual, usually erect herb of 2 to 4 ft., scarcely aromatic ; the flowering stem simple or more or less branched, quadrangular, very deeply 4-furrowed, elongate-virgate, strictly erect or ascending or rarely pendulous, densely leafy up to the inllorescence excejtt the lower part, puberulous or glabrate ; leaves elli})tical or ovate, narrowed to the obtuse or scarcely acute apex, wedge-shaped or nearly rounded at the sub.sessile or shortly petiolate base, opposite, often with leafy buds or prominently leafy shoots in the axils, crenate-dentate except the lower part, shortly hairy, puberulous or glabrate, rather strongly nerved to the bast>, spreading or pendulous, 'i to 1 r in. long by \ to -J in. broad ; flowers whitish, very small, about ,\j in. long, subsessile, arranged in oblong or very short bracteate capitate spikes ranging up to nearly an inch long, axillary and terminal, altogether forming a terminal interrupted compound or subsimple narrow inflorescence of 4 to 12 in. long ; bracts among the flowers broadly elliptical, pubescent on the back, nearly glabrous on the front, y ., to ^ in. long ; calyx campanulate in flower and -^^ in. long, hairy outside, smooth inside, 5-cleft, scarcely bilabiate, 10-nerved, oblong and i in. long in fruit ; the lobes ovate or lanceolate ; corolla puberulous outside ; the tube very short, funnel-shaped,, nearly straight ; the limb small, bilalnate ; the upper lip purplish, erect, emarginate or obsoletely bilobed ; the lower lip directed forwards, shortly un- guiculate at the ba.se, hemispherical-concave, sub-entire, white ; stamens 4, didynamous, ascending ; anthers becoming blackish, almost circular, unilocular by the confluence of the cells ; style cleft at the apex with 2 short spreading branches ; nutlets 4, ovoid, somewhat compressed, slightly angular, about -^^ in. long, pale brown, marked with numerous minute pajiilhe. PfNcio And()N(;(). — In wooded swampy places by streams, near Catete ; fl. beginning of May 1857. No. 5528. In swampy places near Quilanga ; fl.-bud April 1857. No. 5529. In the same locality at the banks of streams. A branched densely leafy form, apparently belonging to this species ; without fl. or fr. Feb. 1S57. No. 5529/'. Hrii.i.A. — Flowers bluish white. By pools on the Monino stream : fl. April 18(!0. Apparently a slender state of this species. No. 5507. On the banks of the stream near Ferrao da Sola : fl. May 18G0. No. 5508. Var. debile. Stems ascending or hanging down over rocks. PuNGo Andonco. — At the Casalalk rivulet near Pedra Songue : H. April 1857. No. 5527. 854 xcvii. LABiATiE. [Geuiosporum This species has much the aspect of the section Spicaria of Meso- sphcerum. 4. G. Mutamba Iliern, sp. n. A perennial herb, rarely flowering;", root tuberous; tuber cylindrical, edible, resembling in taste the common potato and on this account cultivated by the negroes; stems ascending or flagelliform-descending, readily taking root at the nodes, puberu- lous below, pubescent above, minutely glandular ; the sarmentose branches 2 ft. long or more ; the flowering ascending stems 6 to 9 in. high ; leaves oval or oblong, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, thinly herbaceous, hispidulous, punctulate, pale yellowish green, remotely serrulate, shortly petiolate or subsessile, 1 to 4 in. long by }^ to 2 in. broad ; flowers about ^ to I in. long, shortly pedicellate, numerous, arranged in narrowly oblong subsessile terminal heads of 1 to 2 in. long or more ; bracteoles among the flowers filiform, .pubescent, -^ to i in. long ; calyx about -^^ in. long, pubescent outside, minutely glandular, shortly 5-lobed, campanulate ; the lobes ovate, nearly equal, ciliate, glabrous inside ; corolla violet-rosy, about \ in. long ; the tube narrowly funnel-shaped, not much curved, i in. long ; the limb bilabiate ; one lip trifid ; the other lip rather longer, obovate, suberect ; stamens 4, exserted, free among themselves, didynamous ; filaments shaggy below, glabrous above ; anthers short ; style exserted, bifid at the apex, glabrous ; the branches short, slender, diverging. HuiLLA. — In fields, wild and cultivated, at Lopollo ; with foliage in Feb. and April 1860; fl. August. Native name "Mutamba" or " Tamba " or " I-tamba-jitamba." Xo. 5590. In neglected plots and at the borders of fields, near Lopollo, at an elevation of 5200 ft. ; fl. August 1860. No. 5496. In Loanda the name " Mutamba " or " Itamba " is used for Greww caffra Meisn. (Welw. no. 1373), and in the lowlands near the river Quihumbo one of the common names of Gljiphoea greioioides Hook. f. is " Mutamba " ; the " JIutamba " of the Brazilians is a different plant from any of the above. The following No. should be compared with this species, but its identity is very doubtful : — PuNGO Andongo. — A sarmentose, tomentose undershrub. In bushy rather dry places near Catete ; Jan. to May 1857, but never seen to flower : a"leafy shoot, Feb. 1857. No. 6744. 4. PLATOSTOMA P. Beauv. ; Benth. ct Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii. p. 1172 {Platy stoma). 1. P. africanum P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. ii. p. 61, t. 95. f. 2 (1818?). Ocymum sylvaticum Thonn. ex Schum. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 44 (1829). Geniosporum Palisoti Benth. Labiat. p. 22 (1832). Sierra Leone. — In fl. and fr. No. 5581. HuiLLA. — In very elevated rocky places in the Monino country ; young plants, without fl. or fr. April 18G0. Determination quite doubtful. No. 5485. riatostoma] xcvir. labiat.e. 855 2. P. flaccidum Hook. f. Fl. Jirit. Iii.l. iv. p. r,ll (Aug. 1855) ; Bri(i. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 1G5 (18!)t) (/'/ati/sloma). Ocivmiti Jlnccidnm A. Rich. Fl. Abys.s. ii. p. 179 (IS51). /'. sp., Benth. ct Hook, f., I.e., p. 1173. /'. Schimperi Jlochst. in Pi. Schiuip. Abyss., ed. 2. Hohenacker, n. 2045 (1852). GoLUNOO Ai/ro. — A prostrate-ascending herb, with reddish flowers. In a cultivated place on the right bank of the river Cuango, in the arimo of Senhor Mariano among pot-herbs, seen only in one spot ; H. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 5536. A tender and insignificant annual hcrblet, erect or ascending, germinating flowering and fruiting within the space of H) to 1.') days; stem angular ; calyx bilabiate, helmet- shaped after flowering, closed with the up[)er lip entire and the ([uite entire lower lip more closely incumbent ; corolla pale violet in colour, more deeply violet on the lobes of the upper lip. In damp cultivated places in i)lantations of Phaseolns at the banks of the river Cuango, in company with Cuvdani/iie irirJincdrjia Ilochst. (Wolw. hcrl). no. 11 89) ; 11. and fr. Sept. 1854 and Nov. 1S55. No. 5535. An annual, rooting herb, ascending or rather rarely somewhat erect ; flowers very small, whitish, very caducous. By streams in the primitive forest of Quisu- culo, in company with Begonia oxi/loba Welw. herb. no. 875 ; fr. and very few fl. April 1S5G. No. 5534. Hooker, I.e., considered this species as probably only a state of P. africununi P. Beauv. 5. ACROCEPHALUS Benth.; Benth. cl- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1173. 1. A. gracilis Bricp in Engl. Bot. JahH). xix. p. 166 (1894). PuN(;o AxDoNcjo. — A perennial herb, 1^ to 2 ft. high; stems in some instances erect, in others ascending ; flowers violet in colour. In thickets on a sandy clay soil, near Luxillo ; fl. beginning of May 1857. No. 5548. HuiLL.\. — A strictly erect annual herb or undershrub, 1 to lA ft. high ; stem quadrangular, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, some- what rigid, bright green, arching-patent or reflected ; flowers blue or white-violet in colour, S2)icate-capitate ; the heads very densely brac- teate, shaggy, pale violet in colour. In bushy pastures on the Humpata plateau, fl. April 18(J0 ; in very elevated sandy sparingly bushy pastures m Morro de Lopollo, plentiful, fl. April and May 1860 ; also in very elevated sparingly herbaceous places in Morro de Lopollo, near Empalauca, fl. beginning of May ISlJO. No. 5515. 2. A. praealtus Briq., I.e., p. 168. An erect herb, perennial, 3 to 4 ft. high, branched ; branchlets trichotomous, erect -spreading, tetragonal ; flowers capitate-.spicate, densely bracteate, whitish with a violet tinge ; bracts whitish ; calyx urceolate-tubular, truncate or shortly bilobed, densely shaggy-bearded at the mouth, naked inside ; corolla pale violet in colour, bilabiate ; the tube exserted, nearly straight ; the upper lip erect, emarginate at the apex, the lower lip trilobed, the middle lobe broader than the others ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted ; filaments shaggy at the base ; anthers versatile, the cells confluent, thickly patelliform ; style filiform, undivided ; stigma somewhat acute ; young nutlets smooth. HuiLLA.— In the forest among tall herbs, at the lake of Ivantfda ; 856 xcvii, LABIATE. [Acroce2}halics fl., end of Feb. 1860. No. 5601. At the outskirts of forests between Monino and Erne, and in the elevated wooded parts of Barrancos de Monino, at an elevation of 5000 ft. and more ; fl. beginning of April 18G0. No. 5600. In Morro deLopollo ; fl. andfr. April 18G0. No. 5602. 3. A. lippioides Baker ms. in Herb. Kew. A robust, erect, somewhat scabrid herb, 3 ft. high or more ; rootstock woody ; stem bluntly quadrangular, furrowed, puberu- lous, simple at least below ; leaves opposite, narrowly elliptical, contracted towards both ends, firmly herbaceous, minutely punc- tate on both faces, crenulate on the margin, ranging up to 8 in. long by 2i in. broad ; petioles ranging up to ^ in. long ; flower- heads ovoid-hemispherical, ^ to f in. in diameter, arranged in a terminal somewhat leafy corymb ; basal bracts ovate-triangular, sessile, f in. long, the other bracts among the flowers smaller and rounder; flowei-s subsessile, about i in. long; calyx -^^ in. long, hairy outside below, bilabiate, the lobes short, entire, rounded ; corolla-tube glabrous, i in. long ; the limb 4-lobed, hairy outside above, scarcely bilabiate ; the lobes Jg- to Jv in. long ; stamens not exserted; style exserted. PuNGO Andongo. — At Lombe ; in fl. No. 5550. 4. A. cylindraceus Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 135, t. 132 (1875). A. villosus T. Thoms. in Speke, Journ., App. p. 644 (1863) ; non Benth. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish ; fruit clear blue. In thickets close to the Humpata river among species of Polygonum (of. Welw. herb, no. 5362) and SaUx (of. Welw. herb. no. 6332), etc. ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 5611. 5. A. suceisifolius Baker ms. in Herb. Kew. A perennial herb, 8 to 16 in. high; rhizome tuberous, many- headed ; the tuber as large as a walnut, densely packed with a white flesh which becomes woody ; stems erect, obtusely quad- rangular, furrowed, puberulous and remotely leafy above, glabrescent and leafy at the base ; leaves opposite, narrowly elliptical or sublinear, rather bluntly pointed at the apex, attenuate at the base into the petiole, glabrous or nearly so, erect or ascending, serrulate or repand on the margin, the lower ones 3 to 8 in. long (including the petiole of 1 to 3 in.) by i to \ in. broad, the upper ones smaller ; flowers capitate, bracteate, white or soon turning dusky, numerous, ~ in. long ; heads sub- hemispherical, 1^ to ^ in. in diameter, pedunculate, not numeroiis, arranged in lax terminal corymbs ; peduncles of the heads ranging up to 3| in. long, shortly pubescent, terminal and sub- terminal, sometimes with f oliaceous bracts at their apex ; bracts among or at the base of the flowers broadly rhomboidal, densely shaggy on the base, glabrous on the face, ^ in. long and broad ; calyx -Jg- in. long, densely shaggy outside at least below, smooth inside, bilobed ; the lobes rounded, ciliate ; corolla bilabiate : the Acrocephalnfi] xcvii. labiat.k. 857 tube ^ in. long, glabrous or nearly so, about ,',, in. broad ; the lips spreading, more or less shaggy outsiile at the apex witli long liairs ; the longer lip about -j\. in. long, bifid; the shorter lip about ~}jj in. long, tripartite ; the lobes obtuse ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, declinate, all exceeding the corolla-tube ; style exserted. HuiLLA. — In the more elevated rich pastures of Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1851). No. 5610. In thickets at the river Monino ; fl. Nov. 18.09. No. 5609. lu somewhat dry and also in moist elevated pastures between Lopullo and Humpata, at an elevation of .0200 to ;')()( lO ft. ; in fl. Feb. 18r.O, and without good fr. in April ISlJO. No. 5608. G. A. Welwitscliii Bricj., I.e., ]^. 1(19. Pi"N(;(i Am)<)N(;i). — A herb, '.\ ft. high, biennial or with a woody rootstock lasting for 3 or 4 years ; corolla lilac ; the tube short, nearly straight ; the upper hp tritid, erect, with obtuse lobes ; the lower lip elliptical, concave ; stamens ascending ; nucules 4, globose, glabrous. At the great cataract of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. 12 March 1857. No. 5549. 7. A. minor Briq., I.e., p. 169. HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish violet in colour. In the Monino sandy wooded meadows; fl. Feb. 1800. No. 5605- In the Monino forest meadows, in the Lopollo country ; fl. April 18G0. No. 5606. In the Catumba damp wooded meadows ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1800. A state with leafy radical shoots, showing elongated foliage larger than that of the flowering stems. No. 5607. 8. A. sericeus Briq., I.e., p. 170. HuiLi.A. — In the ]Monino forest meadows ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1800. No. 5603. A smaller, less silky plant, probably of this species. In fl. No. 5604. Var. teucrioides. A perennial herb, with the habit of a Teucrium, sparingly aromatic ; stems numerous, usually sufFrutescent, about 3 ft. high; leaves ranging up to 3.^ in. long by }t in. broad; flowers violet in colour ; flower-heads rather densely arranged in a terminal somewhat leafy ovoid panicle. PiNco Andongo. — In the wooded thickets of Sobato Quibanga and near Quilanga, plentiful ; fl. end of April 1857. No. 5551. This variety should be compared with A. Jleudelotii Briq. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. p. 089 (Dec. 1894), but the heads are smaller. G. BASILICUM Moench, Meth. PI., Suppl. p. 143 (1802). Lumnitzera Jacq. ex Sprengl. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 687 (lS2b) p.p. ; non Willd. (1803). Moschosma Reichenb. Conspect. p. 171 (1828); Benth. A: Hook. F. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1173. 1. B. polystachion ]\loench, I.e. Ocimu)ii tenuijlurum Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 129 (1768), non L. (1753). O.pohjstciehyon L. Mant. ii. p. 567 (1 771). Moschosma poh/stachya Keichenb. in Wall. Li.st, p. 92, n. 2711 (1830 ?) ; Benth. in Wall. PI. As. Bar. ii. p. 13 (1831). Ambriz.— In fr. Nov. 185:5. No. 5547 partly. ■858 xcvii. LABIAT.E. [Basilicum Barra do Bengo. — At Quifandongo fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. -5547, partly. In damp places at the river Bengo, near Quifandongo ; fr. May 1854. Coll. Carp. 85G. LoANHA. — An annual herb, but little aromatic, 1 to 3 ft. high ; primary stem purplish ; angles of the stem and branches constantly •and coarsely muricate ; flowers small, violet-purple ; calyx bilabiate, the top tooth evidently decurrent on the margins, the lower teeth lanceolate-acuminate, not setaceous ; lower corolla-lip reflected ; nucules almost ellipsoidal, scarcely ovoid-compressed, somewhat smooth. In damp sandy places by ponds, not uncommon ; near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 26 March 1858. No. 5582 and Coll. Cakp. 854. 2. B. myriostachyum 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 512 (1891). Moschosma myriostachya Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1173. Mossamedes. — An annual or biennial herb, branched from the base, stems oblique or ascending ; leaves ovate, obtuse at the apex, more or less cordate at the base, sprinkled on both faces with short stiff hairs and small glands, somewhat spotted, very brittle, crenate, 1 to 2| in. long by I to 2 in. broad ; petiole ^ to 1 in. long, hairy ; flowers dioecious, on very short pedicels, small, arranged in spikelike racemes of ^ to 1 in. long which form pyramidal panicles terminating the stem and upper branches, soft, quite white, making the plant when in flower look as if covered with snow ; the male spikes rather dense, the female ones very dense ; calyx purplish ; stamens 4, didyna- mous, exserted ; style bifid, exserted. At the sandy banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros, very rare ; male fl. July 1859. No. 5476. Bumbo. — At Bumbo ; female fl. Oct. 1859, one specimen. No. 5477. 7. ORTHOSIPHON Benth.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1174. 1. 0. tuberosus Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb, xix. p. 172 (21 Aug. 1894). HuiLLA. — Flowers rosy purple. In the drier pastures among low bushes, near LopoUo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5474. A perennial herb, 5 to 7 in. high ; rootstock tuberculose-filipendulous ; stems numerous. In thickets on the high plateau of Huilla about Lopollo, at an elevation of 5000 to 5600 ft., not uncommon ; fl. and fr. May 1860. No. 5497. 2. 0. tubulascens Briq., I.e., p. 174. HuiLLA.— Flowers rosy purple. In very elevated sandy meadows among low herbs, in Morro de Lopollo (Sambos) ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 5492. 3. 0. menthsefolius Briq., I.e., p. 176. Huilla. — A slightly aromatic, perennial herb ; rootstock woody, filipendulous ; stems several, erect, branched at the apex ; flowers white ; corolla shaggy ; nucules obovoid, truncate at the apex ; fila- ments hirsute. In moist thickets close to the Lopollo river, plentiful ; fl. and fr. 8 Feb. 1860. No. 5475. 4. 0. Welwitschii Ptolfe in Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 88 (1894). 0. adornatus Briq., I.e., p. 176 (21 Aug. 18i)4). With regard to the question of priority between the.se two names it may be observed that Rolfe's paper was noticed in Bot. Orthosiphoii] xcvii. i.ahiat.e. 859 Zeit. lii. p. 2.S5 (IG Sept. 1894), and tliat I5ii«iuet'.s paper was noticed, I.e., p. 382 (IG Dec. 1894). Pl'xc;() AM)t)X(io. — A decumbent uudershruh ; brandies ascending, often abortive : flowers bright, from wliitish to ro.sy : bracts deep rosy purple, before the opening of the flowers forming compact rosy foUate spikes. In the open sandy forest near Cazella. fairly plentiful but only in one spot ; ti. and fr. 18 Oct. 185(5. No. 5555. Var. angolensis (Briq., I.e.). Hi ii.i.A. — In the poor sandy pastures of i\Iumpulla • fl. and fr. Oct. 18r»9. No. 5520. Flowers rosy, shining. In rocky pastures among low bushes ; fl. Dec. 18.")9 ; also on the heights near Ferrfio da Sola in the Lopollo country ; fl. and fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 5519. The local name of this species in Malange is " Caboboato " ; see Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. xvi. p. 7i) (July ]SW). 5. 0. villosus Briq., I.e., p. 177. Hrii.i.A. — A herb, with a woody rootstock, giving off long fili- pendulous fibres ; stems numerous, 5 to 14 in. high, erect : leaves deep green ; flowers white. In secondary thickets about Lopollo, on a sandy clay soil ; fl. Jan. 18G0. No. 5472. G. 0. violaceus Briq., I.e., p.i 178. HriLi.A. — A perennial herb, with the habit of a Prunella ; rhizome tuberous-filipendulous ; stems prostrate-ascending ; calyx purple ; corolla whitish purple : filaments short, not appendaged. In rocky thickets among short grasses, in company with species of Thymelajacete and Euphorbiacejc, in the Lopollo country, and seen nowhere else ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 5473. 7. 0. petrensis Hiern, sp. n. An erect, rigid, pnbescent herb, 1 to 1 .! ft. high ; rootstock woody ; steni.s .several, erect or ascending, simple or not much branched, obtusely quadrangular and furrowed at least above, leafy in the middle part ; leaves oppo.site, narrowly elliptical or obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute at the apex, attenuate to the sessile or subsessile base, firmly herbaceous, yellowish green and sparingly hairy above, paler subcanescent and rather densely pubescent beneath, minutely glandular, serrulate, 1 to 2\ in. long by i to ^ in. broad ; inflorescence terminal, in simple or some- what branched spikes, loosely pubescent, 4 to 71 in. long; venation not .strongly marked nor much branched ; verticils distant, about G in each spike, bracteate at the base, each of them about 4- to G- flowered ; bracts small, ovate, caducous ; pedicels j\j to J- in. long ; flowers whitish I'osy, about h in. long or rather more, spreading or drooping ; calyx i to i in. long, hairy outside, oblong, somewhat gibbous at the base, shortly 5-cleft, the throat glabrous ; the posterior lobe ciliate, rounded, YJ5- in. long in flower, J in. long in fruit, usually purplish ; the other lobes subulate from a comparatively broad base, ciliate, rather longer than the posterior lobe ; corolla § to r in. long ; the tube about h in. long, straight or nearly so ; the limb bilabiate ; the anterior lip about ^ in. long, sj)reading ; the posterior lip short ; stamens 4, didynamous, nearly glabrous ; filaments of one pair 860 xcvii. LABIATE. [Orthosiphon lying closely together ; anthei-s exserted ; style exserted, nearly glabrous, somewhat thickened towards the emarginate apex. HuiLLA. — In rocky thickets near LopoUo, not common ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5494. 8. 0. parvifolius Vatke in Linntea xliii. p. 87 (1881). PuNGO Andongo. — An erect, perennial herb, 1| ft. high ; roots filipendulous-tuberous ; flowers white. In a sandy place near the outskirts of the forest between Cazella and Luxillo, very rare ; fl.-bud 18 Oct. 1850. No. 1226. This determination is uncertain in consequence of the young state of the flower-buds and the poor condition of the specimens which were collected by night ; the leaves do not show the small distant teeth of the type. 8. ENGLERASTRUM Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 178 (21 Aug. 1894). 1. E. SchweinfurtMi Briq., I.e., t. 3 A. PuNGO Andoxgo. — An annual herb, ascending or pendulous over rocks ; flowers violet in colour. By the rocks close to the great cataract of the river Cuanza, near Condo ; fl. March 1857. No. 5522. 9. HOSLTJNDIA Thonn. ex Vahl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1174. Haashcndia YaM. ex Hornem. Indol. PI. Guin. Obs. p. 14 (1819). 1. H. verticillata Vahl, Enum. PI. i. p. 213 (1804). Ambriz. — In thickets near Ambriz ; fl. and young fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5674. LOANDA. — A small shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, flowering at all times of the year ; stem erect, branched, angular, whitish ; leaves opposite or ternate, very caducous ; flowers whitish ; drupes coloured like red- lead, juicy, a little smaller than peppercorns. In moist bushy places near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, sparingly ; fl. and fr, June 1858. Nos. 5719, 5669, 5673. Var. ? decumbens. H. decumbens Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 54 (1848). GoLUNGo Alto. — A shrub, 3 to 6 ft. high, in flower at all seasons ; stem ternately or brachiately branched : leaves soft, ashy, loosely pendulous ; calyx 5-toothed, after the fertilization of the flower fleshy, swelled ; corolla white, ringent ; stamens 4, didynamous, only 2 fertile ; ovary 4-ovulate ; style slightly curved ; stigma somewhat bilobed ; berry like a small pea in size, beautiful, like red-lead in colour, included in the calyx, tipped with the calyx-teeth which are united in a cone ; nucules obovoid, pale-dusky, 4 or by abortion 3 or 2. In bushy places chiefly in the rocky and more elevated locahties about Sange, Trombeta, etc., plentiful ; fl. and fr. 14 Oct. 1855. No. 5672. PuNGO Andoxgo. — A shrub, with white flowers and scarlet or red berries. In the thickets of the praesidium, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5718. 10. GERMANEA Lam. Encycl. Math. ii. p. 690 (1786). Plectranthus L'Herit. Stirpes Novae, fasc. 4, p. 84 (back) (1788) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1175. 0'erma7iea] xcvii. lahiat.e. 861 1. G. cylindracea. rifctriDithus ojlindracens Ilochst. iii PI. Sehimj). Al)vs.s. ii. n. lli;5 (r./., isi2) ; Benth. in DC. rrutlr. xii. p. GU (LS4S) ; A. Kifli. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. ISli (18D1). (ieniosporniii lasiost. 180). PrN(;(i AxDoMJO. — An erect branched perennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; aroma precisely like that of Elemi-Mubafo (cf. Canarium edule Hook. f.,(intp p. 127) but sweeter and more penetrating ; stem obtusely quadrangular, a little swelled below the nodes, at length constricted at the nodes, beset on all sides as well as the leaves Avith long glandless hairs and also with shorter glandular ones ; corolla pale clear blue, the upper lateral lobes of the lip involute : anthers blackish purple : style bifid at the apex. At the rocky banks of the river Casalalt', in the pra3sidium ; fl. end of Feb. 1857. Leaves succulent-membranous, bright green, fragrant when rubbed. In moist thickets at the Songue rocks; without fl. middle of Jan. 18.')7. No. 5545. In the rocky thickets of the pnusidium ; fl. and fr. April 1857. Coll. C.vri'. 855. 4. G. concinna Uiern, sp. n. An iinnnal, erect, slender herb, 9 to 24 in. high ; stem a little branched, puberulous below, usually hirsute above with spreading long hairs mixed with short ones and minute glands ; leaves opposite, deltoid-ovate, obtuse or scarcely acute at the apex, sub- truncate or somewhat cordate near the shortly narrowed base, membranous, minutely punctate, thinly haiiy above, more densely so and paler beneath, crenate, 1 to 3 in. long by 'i to 2 J in. broad ; petioles ranging up to 2 in. long, more or less shortly hairy and also hirsute with long spreading hairs ; the leaves at the base of 862 xcvii. LABiATJE. [Gemianea the inflorescence sometimes sessile or subsessile ; flowers white or deep blue, | to | in. long ; inflorescence terminal and in some cases axillary also, rather lax and usually many-flowered, narrowly pyramidal, more or less compound, cymose ; cymes not verticillate ; ultimate pedicels ranging up to i or ^ in. long, puberulous and minutely glandular ; flowering calyx very small, r,\j- in. long, glandular, shortly 5-lobed, one lobe broad, the other lobes narrower; fruiting calyx ^ to i in. long, punctate with scattered black glands, one lobe rotund and veiny, the other lobes lanceolate and short; corolla thin, glabrous, black -punctate, bent in a sigmoid manner ; stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile ; filaments apparently free to the base, inserted high up on the corolla-tube, tapering upwards, not toothed ; stigma shortly exserted, entire, somewhat thickened at the apex. PuNGo Andongo.— -In Mata de Pungo ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5533. Var. caerulea. About 9 in. high ; flowers deep blue. Pdngo Andongo. — By streams in the more elevated rocky parts of the presidium, sparingly ; fl. Dec. 185G. Xo. 5521. Var. albiflora. A slender limp herb, 1 to 1^ ft. high ; flowers white. Pungo Andoxgo. — In sandy places between Luxillo and Cazella, in tall grass ; fl. beginning of May 1857. No. 5586 partly. The last variety bears a close resemblance to P. parvus Oliv., a Somali-land species, but the calyx slightly diifers and the corolla is smaller in the latter. Part of No. 5586 consists of flowerless specimens apparently of a different species. 5. G. andongensis Hiern, sp. n. An erect, apparently perennial herb ; rootstock somewhat woody ; stem simple or nearly so, puberulous, striate ; internodes mostly 2 to 4 in. long ; leaves ovate, narrowed or subacuminate towards the obtuse tip, more or less attenuate at the base, slightly puberulous, thinly herbaceous, black, punctulate beneath, crenate except near the base, 2 to 3^ in. long by 5. to 1| in. broad ; lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, ascending, slender, the lower ones with inflected curvature about their middle ; petioles ranging up to § in. long, the uppermost ones much shorter ; inflorescence terminal, somewhat oblong in outline, compound, cymose, many-flowered, rather lax, about 6 in. long and an inch in diameter, puberulous ; common peduncle about ^n inch long, bibracteate at the base, the bracts foliaceous, about f in. long, sessile ; ultimately pedicels ranging up to about | in. long ; flowers about i in. long ; calyx yV in. long, glandular-puberulous, 5-cleft, the posterior lobe the broadest, the lateral lobes the smallest, the anterior lobes united to near the apex ; corolla exserted, curved in a sigmoid manner, glabrous ; the tube bent forwards at the middle ; the limb bilabiate, nigro-punctulate ; the anterior limb broad, folded inwards along its concave axis, i in. long; the Gernumea] xcvii. labiat.k. 8G3 posterior lip much smaller; stamens 4, didyiiamous, declinate, included, glabrous; the filaments rather slender, free to their base, inserted at the top of the corolla tube; style glabrous, shortly exserted, rather slender, entire at the apex. PrN<;() Ani)(.N(;().— In H. No. 5543. This is nearly related to (i. courinna ; it was collected in the latter part of !><.')(') or the early part of 1857. G. G. horrida. An ascending herb, 1^ to 2 ft. high, beset with pilose hairs, perennial or sub-perennial ; stem densely hispid-shaggy, simple or not much branched up to the inflorescence ; leaves opposite deltoid-ovate, obtuse at the apex, subtruncate or very obtuse at or near the base, herbaceous, somewhat fleshy, grey-gi-een at least beneath, coarsely dentate, 1 to 2^ in. long by ^ to 2 in. broad ; petioles ^ to ^\ in- long, be.set with long spi-eading pilo.se hairs, often with stipuliform small leaves in their axils ; flowers blue or purplish blue, ~ to t in. long, rather slender, on puberulous .slender pedicels of i to \ in. long, about 4 to 6 in a whorl ; whorls leafless arranged in terminal spikes, the upper ones approximated, the lower ones less so or rather distant ; spikes shortly pedunculate, about 7 to 9 in. long, with a few oppo.site shorter branches near the base ; calyx obliquely sub-hemispherical, J^ to y'^ in. long, sparingly hispid ulous outside, 5-cleft, the posterior lobe ovate, scarcely longer than the subulate other lobes ; corolla nearly glabrous, bilabiate, glandular alwut the apex in bud ; the antei-ior lip much longer than the lower one ; the tube 1 to ^ in. long, narrow, funnel-shapeil ; stamens 4, declinate, all fertile ; the filaments free to their ba.se ; style bifid at the apex. PuN(;(> Andoncjo. — In swampy rocky places in the prtcsidium ; without fl. or fr. Jan. 1857 : by rocks at the great cataract of the river Cuanza, near Condo ; fl. March 1«57. No. 5537- HuiM.A. — In the more elevated rocky parts of Morro de Monino ; fl. beginning of April 1800. No. 5613. This species has the aspect of the Somali-land G. rupestris (Benth. ex Yatke in Linnasa xliii. p. 89 [1881]), but it differs in the herbaceous rather than suffruticose habit ; spikes somewhat branched at the base, etc. 11. SOLENOSTEMON Thoun. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1175. 1. S. ocymoides Schum. & Thonn. in Dan.ske Vid. Selsk. iv. p. 45 (18l'9). SiKKKA Lkone. — A somewhat pubescent herb ; stem and branches quadrangular, pubescent along the angles, furrowed ; leaves opposite, roundly ovate, shortly acuminate at the apex, subtruncate or sub- cordate about the base, sub-decurrent on the petiole, thinly herbaceous, puberulous, minutely punctulatc, crenate except towards the base. '2h to ?) in. long by 2 to 2.!, in. broad ; venation slender, puberulous beneath; petiole 1 to 1^ in. long; inflorescence spike-like, terminal, dense, 3 to 4 in. long : verticils many-flowered, approximate ; pedicels spreading, shortly pubescent, ^ in. long or shorter ; flowers small ; 864 xcvii. LABIATE. \Solenostemon bracts ovate, small ; calyx y'y to yV iu. long in flower, ^ to i in. long in fruit, bilabiate, minutely glandular-puberulous ; the lips entire or the upper lip with a minute tooth on each side, erect or nearly so, obtuse, veiny in fruit ; corolla y^ to ^ in. long, sigmoidly curved ; the tube twice bent ; the limb bilabiate ; the larger lobe ^V in. long, directed forwards, boat-shaped, covering the stamens ; the smaller lobe ttV to Y^ in. long, below and sub-parallel to the other lip ; stamens 4, sub- didynamous, about yV in. long, glabrous, included ; filaments free among themselves for the greater part of their length, united in a short tube below, the tube inserted at the top of the corolla-tube ; style rather longer than the stamens, included, glabrous, bent and bifid at the apex ; nutlets 4, ellipsoidal, glabrous, pale yellow ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. The inflorescence is denser than in the tyi^e. No. 5580. No. 5579 from Prinx'e's Island, wooded coast region, Sept. 1«53, consists of a few flowers and fruits, possibly belonging here and perhaps identical with an unnamed specimen obtained from the Congo by Christian Smith in 181G. Cf. Labiata, Welw. in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. Xo. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 11. 2. S. robustus Hiern, sp. n. A robust herb, several feet high ; stem and branches obtusely quadrangular, furrowed, more or less puberulous and minutely glandular ; branchlets pallid, clothed with short whitish hairs and small red glands ; leaves opposite, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or somewhat narrowed at the base, firmly herbaceous, pale yellowish green, minutely glandular-punctulate. subglabre.scent, crenulate, 2\ to 5-^- in. long by 1^ to 3f in. broad ; lateral veins 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, spreading, slender ; petioles i to 1|^ in. long, shortly haiiy ; flowers about ^ in. long on rather slender hispidulous pedicels ranging up to t in. long, clustered ; cymes sessile, opposite or alternate, arranged in spikes or divaricately branched terminal pyramidal panicles more than a foot long ; calyx i in. long, hairy outside, glabrous inside, openly campanulate, 5 -cleft ; the lobes deltoid-ovate, one some- what broader and more spreading than the rest ; corolla minutely glandvilar outside, membranous ; its tube bent near the base, ^ in. long ; the limb bilabiate ; the smaller lip spreading, 4-eleft, concave-induplicate, the middle lobes the largest ; the larger lip nearly ^ in. long, bent inwards at about a right angle or more so near the base, sparingly pubescent outside, concave-induplicate, enclosing the androecium ; stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments united from the base for some distance into a glabrous tube slit down one side ; style long, slender, glabrous, slightly notched at the apex. PuNGO Andongo. — From Lombe to Condo ; fl. March 1857. No. 5538. 3. S. niveus Hiern, sp. n. A rigid, erect shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, sparingly and loosely branched ; stem somewhat fleshy ; branches erect-spreading, naked below ; subterete, softly pubescent near the apex ; leaves opposite, suborbicular, shortly and abruptly narrowed at the base, some- what thick, almost fleshy, deep green, puberulous, minutely glandular, crenate-dentate, 2 to 4 in. in diameter or rather larger. ,Solenostemon] xcvii. laiuat.k. SO') quickly falling off in the course of dryinor - petiolo | to 1 in. long ; flowers snow-white, about i in. long, clustered several together on pubescent pedicels of J- to ' in. long, in subsessile or shortly stalked crowded cymes, arranged in oblong terminal and sub- terminal thyrsoid snow-white [)anicles 2\ to 12 in. long; caly.x hairy outside, glabrous insitle, openly campanulate, ^ in. long in flower, i[- in. long in fruit, unec}ually 5-cleft ; four of the lobes narrowly lanceolate, j'j to ^fj in. long; the tifth lobe oval, ^ in. long ; corolla sigmoidly curved ; the tube twice bent, ,'g^ in. high ; the limb minutely glandular outside, the longer lip covering tiie andrcvcium ; stamens 4, didynamous ; the filaments iniited at the base into a short tube slit down one side ; style long, exserted, bifid at the apex, the branches short and narrow ; ripe nutlets nearly black. Br.Miio. — In the wooded more elevated parts of Serra d;i Xella l)y streams, above Chao de Xella, very rare; fi. and fr. Oct. IS.'iO. No. 5619, and Coll. Caki'. 858. 12. NEOMtJLLERA Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 18G (21 Aug. 18! 1 4). 1. N. Welwitschii Briq., I.e., t. 3. fig. B. X. (UKjole/isi.s Jiriq. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 3G3 (1897). PuNuo AxDONGO, — An annual or biennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem juicy, acutely quadrangular, with the angles feebly winged; leaves not scented ; petioles deeply channelled, acutely keeled ; flowers pleasantly fragrant, very beautifully blue : calyx 5-toothed, the top- most tooth much larger and longer than the rest ; upper corolla-lip shortly bilobed, the lobes obtusely unidentate on the outer side ; stamen.s 4, all fertile, the filaments strictly monadelphous from the base to the middle, the anthers dehiscing transversely, the cells con- fluent : nutlets obovoid, somewhat compressed, quite naked. In the bushy wooded parts of Mata de Pungo in the priosidium, plentiful ; fl. 14 April 1857. Xo. 5544. 13. COLEUS Lour. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 117(). 1. C. Welwitschii Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 185 (1894), and in Engl. Nat. PHanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 3G1 (1897). Pi'Nco Anduxgo. — A suffruticose herb or a somewhat thickly fleshy brittle shrublet'; stems ascending, blood-red, 2 to 4 ft. high ; leaves membranous, somewhat fleshy and viscid, deep green, densely hairy beneath ; flowers purple or deep or clear blue ; calyx-teeth 4, the lower one shortly bilobed at the apex, the lobes acute. In rocky thickets throughout the district, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857 ; fl. April 1857 ; by the elevated rocks of Pedra Cabonda in the prajsidium, fl. May 1S57. Xos. 5589. 5585. Aspect of Pkrfnnit/n/s /drfit.-< J?enth. 2. C. amboinicus Lour. FI. Cochinch. p. 372 (1790). Var. violaceus Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 210(21 Aug. 1894). LoAXDA. — A decumbent or ascending undershrub, with somewhat erect branches : stem and leaves clothed with long and short hairs 56 1866 • xcvii. LABIATE. [Coleics intermixed ; leaves broadly ovate, scarcely acuminate at the apex cordate-truncate and often abruptly narrowed at the base, crenate dentate, very rigidly fleshy, agreeably fragrant : flowers violet-blue calyx glandular-shaggy outside, apparently naked at the throat inside corolla-tube whitish, twice bent at a right angle ; the upper lip vertical emarginate at the apex, unidentate on each side, obscurely 4-lobed the lower lip horizontal, broadly boat-shaped ; stamens far exserted, with the filaments monadelphous to a considerable height : style reaching to the height of the stamens and ascending with them ; stigma bifid, with equal lobes. Cultivated in gardens at Loanda, where however it rarely flowers ; fl. Nov. 1S68. According to Welwitsch, this is perhaps a mint introduced from India. No. 5556. This is probably the kitchen-garden plant referred to in the following terms by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. No. 24 (May 185G), p. 252. n. 20:— It is very aromatic, called "hortela da India " (Indian Mint), and cultivated by lovers of herbs ; the leaves are very fleshy and brittle, and the strong aroma is pleasant in broth. 3. C. aconitiflorus Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n. An erect, rather slender, sparingly branched or simple herb,. 3 to 4 ft. high ; stem quadrangular, minutely glandular, more or less pubescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, puberu- lous, acuminate at the apex, narrowed towards the base, thinly herbaceous, 2 to 4 in, long by ^ to l-?r in. broad ; petiole I to l|^in. long ; flowers arranged in long somewhat compound racemes terminating the stem and branches, deep blue, about ^ in. long, resembling a small- flowered species of Aconitum ; calyx puberulous, j-V in. long, 5-cleft, the lobes not very unequal ; corolla-tube puberulous, curved in a sigmoid manner, the throat wide ; the limb minutely glandular, bilabiate ; the upper lip erect and 4-lobed, the upper lobes larger than the others ; the lower lip deflected-ascending, boat-shaped, compressed, embracing the genital organs, quasi-articulate ; stamens 4, monadelphous in a short sheath, including the style at the base ; anthers ovate- circular, the cells confluent ; style filiform, simple, not bifid ; stigma very delicately papillose, slightly emarginate or bilobulate at the apex. HuiLLA. — In moist wooded places near Catumba ; fl. 29 March 1860. No. 5495. 4. C. betonicoides Baker ms. in Herb., sp. n. An erect or ascending herb ; rootstock somewhat woody ; stems shortly pubescent, sulcate, scarcely or not much branched, 18 to 20 in. high, leaves opposite ternate or quaternate, oval or ovate,, obtuse at the apex, more or less attenuate at the base into and decurrent on the petiole, thinly herbaceous, shortly pubescent above, densely so beneath, crenate-dentate except near the base, 1 to 2 in. long by § to 1^ in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 on each .side of the midrib, ascending, slender ; petiole shortly pubescent,, i to 1^ in. long ; inflorescence terminal, spiciform, 4 to 8 in. long, interrupted below ; common peduncle about an inch long ; verticils Coleits] xcvii. LAuiAT.i;. 867 many-flowereil, nviniorous, the lower om-s more or Ifss distiint, tlio upper ones contiguous ; axillary cymes sessile or suhsessile ; peilicels about ^ in. long, shortly pubescent ; llowers purplish, verging on l)lue, {J in. long ; calyx al)out .,',, in. high in flower, I in. long in fruit, spreading or turning downwards in fruit ; the tube pubescent ; the limb bilabiate, spreading ; one lobe broad and larger than the rest, about Jq in. long in the flower and J- in. long in fruit ; throat naked; corolla curved in a sigmoid manner, subglabrous, slightly puberulous outside with short .scattered hairs, bilabiate ; the lips nigro-punctulate ; the larger lip ] in. long, bent at a right angle at the base, concave-condu{)licate, enclo.sing the andrcecium ; stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments united at the ba.se into a short tube ; style slightly thickened at the apex ; nutlets yellowish, glabrous, ovoid, ._}^ in. long. Hin,L.\. — In herbaceous places close to the banks of the Lopollo stream at Fcrrao Li'Ni:o Ai/ro. — A strongly aromatic herb, introduced from Casange to the banks of the Luinha : fr. Dec IK.'.l. No. 5597. PiNco Andonco.— No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5592. Hili.i,.v. — An annual, erect herb, branched from the base, rarely simple or nearly so, from '^ in. to scarcely a foot high, the whole plant very sweetly aromatic and beset everywhere with glandular pa])ill;u intermi.xed on the stem and bracts with viscid hairs ; stem cylindrical or somewhat tetragonal, as well as the spread ing-ascending branches glaucescent fleshy and brittle ; leaves oblong-obovate, pale or glaucous- green, somewhat Heshy, pellucid-punctate, brittle : flower-spikes terminal and axillary, distichou.s or secund, bracteate ; bracts marked below the apex with a large round reddish gland ; calyx shortly tubular, sub-truncate, densely .shaggy-glandular outside and on the margin ; corolla purplish, coloured like that of rosemary, tubular- bilabiate : the tube curved, longer than the calyx ; the upper lip trilobulate, .somewhat concave : the lower lip entire, boat-shaped ; stamens 4. didynamous : filaments ascending, smooth : anthers 2-celled ; the cells at length confluent, patelliform : style filiform, shortly bilobed at the apex ; young nutlets 4, globular, smooth. Cultivated in negro gardens about villages (Libata), and occasionally wild in neglected plots ; apparently introduced from eastern or northern regions, fo** it is altogether wanting from the western coast region. In Cazengo Welwitsch was told that it had come from the further side of the river Cuango beyond Canange ; it is grown for the sake of its fragrance and is chiefly used for making women's pomatum. In elevated rocky places on the Humpata plateau at an elevation of 58U0 ft., about Sambo de Ferrao, rather rare ; fl. April 18G0 : also by the IMonino, end of ]\Iay and !)eginning of June 18GU. Native name " Capiana." No. 5598. 5. M. rivularis Jlieru, sp. n. An annual, succulent, scentless herb, glabrous or nearly so, 4 to 9 in. long; stem prostrate, fleshy, rather thick, purplish and divaricately branched below ; leaves ovate or elliptical, rather obtu.sely narrowed at the apex, more or less wedge-shaped or attenuate at tlie base, decnrrent on the short petiole or the upper ones sessile, fle.shy, thick, j)nrplisli beneath, obtu.'^t'ly paucidentate, ]- to 1 in. long by y to ^ in. broad ; petioles ranging up to nearly }t in. long ; flowers bluish pui-ple or violet in colour, about \ to ] in. long, sessile, arranged in divaricately paniculate spikes ; inflorescence terminal, 1^ to Sin. long; bracts ranging up to V in. long, usually smaller ; calyx small, about .}^ in. long, shortly tubular-campanulate, subtruncate at the apex, somewhat rejiand- dentate or emarginate, at length bur.sting in a circnmsciss manner leaving a little cup behind ; corolla-tube about J- in. long, gradually dilated upwards, gibbous above ; the limb deeply bilabiate ; the upper lip subequally 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading like an erect fan, each marked at the base with a transver.se purple velvety line ; the lower hp unguiculate, deeply sagittate-trilobate, the 870 xcvil. LABIAT.E, [^Eolanthus lateral lobes long-acuminate, bent upwards, erect, resembling two elongated auricles ; the intermediate lobe deflected in a sigmoid manner, bearded, somewhat obtuse, concave, folded over the two fertile stamens for some time after the flowering ; stamens 4 ; two of them fertile, a little shorter than the two sterile ones ; filaments all straight ; the sterile anthers capituliform ; the fertile ones oblong, 2 -celled, longitudinally dehiscent ; style but little longer than the stamens, equally bifid at the apex ; stigmas punctiform ; nutlets smooth, oblong-subpyriform. PuNGO Andongo. — At crags of gneiss rock by the streams of the prtesidium on the north-west side ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1857. Nos. 1630, 5591. 6. M. sedoides lliern, sp. n. A perennial, evergreen herb, almost scentless, prostrate, rooting, in habit remarkably like the perennial rock-frequenting species of Sedum ; stems pale-ashy, glabrate, fleshy-wiry, dichotomously branched ; branchlets pubescent, the floweiing ones elongated ; leaves rosulate-fasciculate, oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex, sessile or subsessile, shaggy-hoary, |^ to ^ in. long by i to ~ in. broad, entire or repand-crenate, thick ; flowers bright violet in colour, i in. long, sessile or subsessile, in subsecund rather dense often pedicellate spikes of ^ to f in. long, arranged in terminal and sometimes also axillary panicles which are n to 3 in. long ; calyx about ^V ii^- long, hispid with thick pale hairs, shortly toothed ; corolla bilabiate ; the tube nearly glabrous, narrowly funnel-shaped ; the limb somewhat bearded at the back ; the upper lip 4-lobed, its lobes obtuse and erect ; the lower lip sagittate-trifid, its lateral segments long-acuminate and bent backwards, its middle segment cymbiform-concave somewhat compressed and hooded at the apex ; stamens 4, didynamous, two of them sterile ; style rather exceeding the stamens. PuNGi) Andongo. — On the elevated rocks of Pedra Cabondo, plentiful but only on the north-west side, in the prjesidium, where in the dry season, that is, from May to October, in its apparently dead state it covers them with a very sad colour ; but in March after the enlivening effect of the December rains it very pleasantly ornaments these rocks with its crowds of lilac flowers ; fl. April 1857. Nos. 1629, 5594. 7. M. tuberosus Hiern, sp. n. A fleshy, creeping, glaucescent, aromatic herb, with the habit of a Sedum, puberulous with glandular papillse ; root tuberous ; stems slender, firm, sinuous, elongated, ascending and branched at the terminal inflorescence ; leaves opposite or apparently verticillate by reason of the presence of leafy axillary shoots, narrowly elliptical-oblong, narrowed at both ends, sessile or sub- sessile, entire repand or pauci-denticulate, mostly secund, i to 1^ in. long by y\r to i in. broad ; flowers violet-purplish, about \ in. long, sessile or subsessile ; verticils 2- to 4-flowered, bracteate at the base, distant, arranged in spikes \ to 2^ in, long ; spikes dichotomously paniculate ; panicles 3 to 6 in. long ; bracts smaller jEolanthus] xcvii. lahiat^e. 871 than the leaves; calyx tubular-campanulate, very shortly 5-toothoil, about -j\y ill. long in flower, in fruit moderately enlarged erect- spreading closed at the mouth circumsciss at the base ami deciduous together with the nutlets ; the teeth subetjually and very shortly deltoid ; corolla-tulM' far exserted, deciduous, quite naked inside, widened towards the throat ; the lower lip giblwus at the base ; stamens 4, (Hdynamous, the two sterile ones a little longer than the others ; style shortly subulate-bidd at the aiiex. Pi Nfio Andonco. — In the more elevated rocky wooded ])art3 of ]\Iut()llo by Pedras de Guinga, plentiful ; fl. and fr. March 18J7. Nos. 1628. 5595. s. m. Engleh Briq., I.e., p. 189, Hl'IIJ..\. — An erect shrub or a perennial frutescent herb, 2 to 4 ft. high or more, woody at least at the base, throughout sweetly .scented like Ovimiini bagilicuiii but not strongly so, sparingly branched at the apex ; main stems nodose, cylindrical, pale greenish, .somewhat fleshy ; branches mostly opposite ; leaves opposite, often with fascicles of other leaves in their axils, .somewhat tleshy-coriaceous. rather rigid, erect, pale green and densely but not pellucidly punctate on both faces, denticulate towards the apex, pleasantly aromatic ; midrib prominent above, channelled-imprcssed beneath ; Howers arranged in dense compound axillary shortly pedunculate spikes, forming long terminal cylindrical glandular racemes ; calyx bibracteolate at the base ; the tube shortly tubular-campanulate, truncate at the mouth, deeply 5-crenate, minutely glandular outside ; corolla coloured as in Salria pratfi)i. to 4 ft. high, erect, sparingly branched ; bracts, etc., violet-purple. In thickets at the outskirts of the forest between Eme and Ivantala, rather rare ; fl. and fr. end of May 18GU. Xo. 5616. Pl<'ctra/it/in.'< WdwiUrhii Vatke, mentioned by Briquet, /.r., under yE. ohtitsifiiliii.'i Briq., included ^I'L Englcri. .J-J. ()bli(.- or 4 species by critical botanists : scent scarcely pleasant, almost mou.'^y ; stem obtusely quadrangular, furrowed on the sides, usually tall, 2 to 5 ft. high, mostly from pale to blackish purple : flowers arranged sometimes in long erect acuminate nearly naked spikes, sometimes in verticils occupying the axils of the leaves and concealed by them ; corolla yellow, the tube whitish, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip bifid, the lower lip trifid, all the lobes rounded-obtuse at the apex and spread- ing, the middle lobe violet in colour. In damp places by streams and in wet reed-beds, etc., plentiful ; near Sange, Camilungo, and Bango ; fl. and fr. July 1S5:.. No. 5561. MiissAMKDKs. — In gravelly places at the river Maiombo between Pomangale and Cazimba, sporadic ; fr. after the fall of the corolla, June IKCO. No. 5487. IS. LAVANDULA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Geu. PI. ii. p. 1179. 1. L. stricta Uelile, Fl. d'Egypte, p. 238, t. 32. fig. 1 (1812), it lUustr. p. 65. L. coronoplfolia Poir. Encycl. Meth. Suppl. iii. p. 308 (1813); J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 218 (1852). Capk dk Vf.rde IsLA^M)^!. — Island of St. Vincent ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 5523. 19. MENTHA Tournef., L. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1182. 1. M. piperita L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 570 (1753). LoANDA. — No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5557. Our specimens have a smaller foliage than is usual with this culti- vated plant, which by some botanists is considered to be a hybrid between .)/. rh-iilis L. and .)/. (uiuatira L. ; at all events they were probably not indigenous at Loanda. Gt»LUN(i() Alto. — Cultivated in kitchen gardens; without fl. or fr. July 1855. Possibly belonging here. No. 5558. The following No. possibly belongs to tlie hirsute form of Mentlia aquatica L., I.e., p. 576 : — GoLUMJo Ai.Tii. — A low prostrate herb. By the banks of the river Cuango, in damp cultivated ground at Arimo do Mariano ; without fl. or fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 5587. 874 xcvii. LABIAT.E, [Origcmum 20. ORIGANUM Toarn., L. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1185. 1. 0. Majorana L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 590 (1753). LoANDA. — A suffruticose herb, very pleasantly aromatic, H to 2 ft. high, hoary-pubescent on all parts including the branches except the white corolla ; calyx turbinate, in front cleft to the base. Cultivated in gardens but rather rarely : at the quintal of Dr. Mendes Alfonso ; fl. 17 Oct. 1858. Xo. 5559. 21.CLIN0P0DIUM Tounief., L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 587 (1753). CaJamintha Lam. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 393 (1778); Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1190; non Adans. (1763). 1. C. Calamintha O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 515 (1891). Melissa Calamhitha L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 593 (1753). Cala- mintha o/ficinalis Moench, Meth. PL p. 409 (1794); Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 228 (1848). Yar. villosissimum (Benth., I.e. ; Lowe, Prim. Mad., app. C, p. xi [1851]). Island of Madeira. — At Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 12 Aug. 1853. No. 5539. 22. SALVIA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1194. 1. S. pseudococcinea Jacq. Collect, ii. p. 302 (1788). Island of Madeira.— Woody and branched near the base ; flowers scarlet. Excursion to Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 12 Aug. 1853. No. 5540. 23. ACHYROSPERMUM Blume ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iL p. 1208. 1. A. aethiopicum Wehv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 56 (1869). PuNdo AxDoxoo. — A perenniaL erect herb, 5 to 7 ft. high ; stem sparingly branched, obtusely tetragonal, giving off from the middle to the apex in the axils of the leaves solitary spikes of flowers ; spikes tetragonal-pyramidal, Ii to 2i in. long ; calyx white, elongate-cam- panulate, tubular, dilate'd towards the limb, 5-toothed, sub-bilabiate, the three teeth of the upper lip a little larger than the two of the lower lip, all acute ; corolla white, tubular ; the tube straight, closed at its middle with 5 scales directed downwards : the limb 5-cleft, bilabiate ; the upper lip shortly or slightly bilobed ; the lower lip trifid, the middle lobe very broad, the segments obtuse ; stamens 4, didynamous, sub-exserted or sometimes quite exserted, inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments sub-compressed, short : anthers bilocular or by confluence unilocular, dehiscing longitudinally ; style filiform ; stigma bilobed ; the lobes cylindrical, short, equal ; nutlets crowned at the apex with very numerous closely interwoven membranous whitish scales resembling a pappus. In the shady forest at a cataract in the rocky Calundo valley, near the prsesidium, sporadic and rather rare ; fl. 6 May, half -ripe fr. 18 May 1857. No. 1633. 24. STACHYS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1208. 1. S. andongensis Hiern, sp. n. A perennial herb ; stems numerous, 4 ft. high, branched, densely Stachys] xcvii. lakiat.!:. 875 leafy, bluntly tetrugonal, furrowed, stellate-haiiy toward-s the apex; leaves ovate, acuminate and often very acute at the apex, more or less cordate at the base, tliinly herbaceous or softly membranous, dark green and sparingly stellate-hairy above, hoary and densely stellati^-han-y i)eneath, denticulate, 2 to A\ in, long by 'l to 2| in. broad ; petiole more or less hoary, stellate- hairy ; (lowers violet-rosy, about {f in. long ; pedicels v.'^^ to ,\^ in. long, stellate-hairy ; verticils many-llowered, distant or the upper ones approximated, the lower ones leafy at the base, together forming a terminal slightly leafy inflorescence ; calyx nearly \ in. long, stellate-hairy outside, glal)r()>is inside, campanulate-oblong, sub-regularly 5-toothe(l ; the tube inconspicuously nerved, \ in. long ; the teeth lanceolate, subulate, erect ; corolla-tube cylindrical, \ in. long, gibbous-dilated about the middle, densely pilose inside at the insertion of the stamens : the limb bilabiate, the lower lip 3-lobed ; the middle lobe rotundate-obcordate, crenulate on the margin ; the lateral lobes much shorter, obtuse ; the upper lip rotundate-conchiform, concave, erect, much shorter than the lower lip ; stamens 4 ; anthers shortly exserted ; style shortly bilobed at the apex, the branches cylindrical. Pi'Niio Ani)oN(;i>. — In damp thickets about the gitjantic rocks of Catete, plentiful ; fl. beginning of Dec. 185G. No. 5546. 2. S. huillensis lliern, .sp. u. A jjerennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, somewhat woody at the base, herbaceous and sparingly branched above, roundedly tetragonal, furrowed, hoary and tomentose with stellate hairs at the top, moderately leafy ; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed and scarcely acuminate at the apex, .somewhat narrowed or nearly rounded at the subsessile base, herbaceous, dark green anil sparingly stellate- hairy above, paler and more or less stellate-felted beneath, denti- culate, 1 to 3 in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad ; flowers white, about ~ in, long ; pedicels very short, ,?^ to -^^ in, long, stellate-hairy ; verticils several-flowered, the lower ones distant and axillary, the upper ones closer together and forming a terminal bracteate spike, the whole inflorescence 4 to 8 in. long ; calyx | in. long, campanulate-oblong, stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside ; the tube ^- in. long, lU-nerved ; the lobes lanceolate, subulate, unequal in breadth at the base ; corolla-tul)e cylindrical, ] in. long, not gibbous about the middle, not densely pilose inside at the insertion of the stamens ; the limb bilabiate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe rotundate, repand ; the lateral lobes much shorter than the middle lobe, obtuse ; the upper lip rotundate, concave, much shorter than the lower lip ; stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers shortly exserted ; style shortly bifid at the apex, falling short of the longer filaments. HriLLA.— In dry bushy pastures, from Lopollo to Catumba ; fl. Feb. to April ISOit. No. 5509. In muddy swampy wooded places, from Ohai to Catumba ; fl. April 18G0. No. 5510. 876 XCVII. LABIATE. [Le 25. LEUCAS R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1213. Lasiocorys Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. p. GOO (1834); Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. 1. L. martinicensis Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 2, iii. p. 409 (1811). Clhiopodhwi viartinicense Swartz, Enum. Syst.;.Pl. p. 25(1760). Fhlomis caribmi Jacq. Collect, i. p. 154 (1786) ; Swai-tz, Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1009 (1800). P. Martinicensis Swartz, Prodr. p. 88 (1788). PuNGO Andongo.— In fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. Nos. 5542, 5586ft. HuiLLA.— In fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5503. A herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, annual, smelhng like a Landum. with the habit of a LeniKifis ; flowers small, inconspicuous ; corolla white, the tube long, the limb bilabiate ; the middle lobe of the lower lip constantly larger than the lateral lobes, usually more or less bifid or at least emarginate at the apex so that the lip appears 4-clef t ; the upper lip entire, erect, very hairy. In neglected fields near Lopollo, plentiful ; in the national garden, fl. 31 March 1860. No. 5502. 2. L. decurvata Baker ms. in herb. Kew. A rather slender, erect, piiberulous, annual herb, 16 to 24 in. high or more, sparingly branched ; stem obtusely quadrangular, furrowed ; leaves elliptical, narrowed to the acute or sub-obtuse apex, wedge-shaped at the base, membranous, minutely glandular, more or less puberulous, green above, slightly or scarcely paler beneath, more or less often deeply dentate except the lower part, 1 to 3^ in. long by 4 to 1^ in. broad ; petioles ranging up to ^ in. long ; flowers numerous, ses.sile or subsessile, crowded in dense sessile axillary and subterminal verticils, i to |^ in. long ; verticils subglobose, i to 1 in. in diameter, bracteate at the base ; bracts numerous, filiform-subulate or sub-linear, mostly } to | in. long, ciliate ; calyx i to i in. long in flower, I to ^ in. long in fruit ; the tube ellipsoidal-oblong, rather compressed, somewhat turbinate at the ba.se, curving downwards at the apex, more or less hispidulous or puberulous, lO-nerved, about ^ in. long in flower and 1 in. long in fruit ; the limb bilabiate ; the lower lip spreading or deflected, transversely oblong, 5-fid, Jjj to ^ in. long, the lobes subulate, the middle 3 arising from a deltoid base; the upper lip short, subtruncate with 5 erect subulate teeth ; corolla-tube shortly exceeding the calyx, erect ; the limb bilabiate ; the lower lip spreading, about -^j in. long, tritid ; the middle lobe the largest, emarginate at the apex ; the upper lip erect, hairy outside, fringed, yV to J^y in. long, broadly obovate, concave, entire. GOLUXGO Alto.— In fl. and fr. Nos. 5526, 5541. Nearly related to L. martinicensis Ait. 3. L. Welwitschii Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxii. p. 141 (19 Nov. 1895). Prxcio Andongo. — A herb, 1 to Ii ft. high ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous, erect or ascending ; flowers brilliantly white. In the forest on a ferruginous clay soil, near Qnibango ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5563. Leucas] xcvii. lai!IAt.e. 877 4. L. Bakeri Jlifin, sp. n. An annual, erect, i)ube.sfent, minutely glandular, hoary-green Lsh herb, 1 to 2}. ft. higli, with the smell of a Lavi'min, more or less branched from the base; stem obtusely tetragonal, rather slender, its pu])i'scence directed liownwards ; branches sjtreadiiig, ascend- ing, leafy towards the apex ; leaves linear or nearly so, obtusely narrowed or scarcely acute at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the sessile base, paucidentate, firmly herbaceous, punctulate, 1] to 2.V in. long by i to {;■ in. broad ; flowers ] in. long, subsessile, several, crowded together in axillary and (juasi-terminal verticils; verticils liracteate at the base ; bracts several, filiform-subulate, strongly ciliate, ^ to 1 in. long ; calyx ] in. long in flower, .\ in. long in fruit, 10-ribbed, tubular-bilabiate; the tube ]^ in. long, .somewhat turbinate, more or less pubescent inside and out ; the limb 10-lobed; the teeth acute, subulate, joined together below with an arachnoid membrane, separate at the apex, three of them taller than the rest; corolla J in. long, rather shorter than the calyx, white, the tube ^ in. long ; the upper lip emarginate at the apex or shortly 2-lobed, densely white-shaggy ; the lower lip 3-lobed ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; nutlets 4, truncate. PuNGO Andomjo. — In wooded meadows at tlie right bank of the river Cuanza between Muta Lucala and Quibinda, plentiful ; tl. and fr. March ISf)?. No. 3232. HriLi..\. — In potato fields near LopoUo ; fl. Deo. 1859. Xo. 5512. On the Erapalanca plateau ; fl. beginning of April 1860. Xo. 5513. 5. L. ebracteata Peyritsch in Sitzb. Akad. Wien, 3Iath.-Nat. xxxviii. p. 577 (18G0). I have not seen the type of this species ; our specimens which are described below appear to belong to it : — An annual, erect or decumbent, usually branched herb, with the habit of a Leonotis, from a few inches to a few feet high ; the stem trichotomously branched and the spreading branches obtusely tetragonal, 4-furroweil, minutely glandular, puljescent Avith short downward hairs, pallid ; leaves elliptical or oval, obtuse at the apex, somewhat narrowed towards the base, thinly herbaceous, softly puberulous, minutely glandular, dark green above, paler and more pubescent along the veins beneath, strongly crenate- dentate, ] to 21 in. long by f to li in. broad ; petioles ranging up to ;}. in. long, pubescent ; flowers white, !: in., subsessile or very shortly pedicellate, numerous, crowded in axillary and subterminal verticils ; verticils not conspicuously bracteate at the base, sessile ; bracts minute ; calyx tubular-turbinate, bilabiate, }, in. long or in fruit rather longer, pul)escent outside, naked inside ; the tube about -j\ in. long, 10-ribbed, not contracted at the mouth; the lower lip subquadrate, tridentate at the apex, about I in. broad, suberect, the teeth shortly subulate ; the ujiper lip very short, subtruncate, 5-dentate; the teeth unequal, rather short and subulate; corolla nearly '^ in. long, bilabiate ; the tube nearly .\ in. long, about t.^ in. in diameter at the base, gradually dilated in the upper half ; upper lip erect, about I in. long, obovate- 878 xcvii. LABIATE. [Leucas oblong, densely hairy outside, strongly fringed, glabroiis inside, emarginate at the apex ; lower lip obovate, | in. long, trifid, pubescent at the back except the middle lobe ; the middle lobe the largest, bifid ; stamens scarcely equalling the upper lip, rather longer than the style which is unequally bifid at the apex ; nutlets 4, papillose at the apex. Benguella. — Among rul>bish and in neglected fields, everywhere around the city ; fl. and fr. June 18r)9. No. 5501. MossAMEDES. — In neglected plots after cultivation, and around negro-huts, between Quipola and Mata dos Carpenteiro.s, rather rare ; fl. and fr. June 1859. Also in sandy hei'baceous places at the river Bero and in neglected plots ; fl. July 1859. No. 5516. Bu.Misi). — In fields after being planted with Arachla InjpogoM L. ; fl. Oct. 1859. Only one specimen. No. 5517. 6. L. altissima Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 268 (9 Oct. 1888). MossAMEDEs. — An erect or ascending, very elegant herb, apparently annual or bisnnial, 2 to 2h ft. high ; leaves herbaceous-green ; flowers white ; verticils clothed with whitish wool. In sandy thickets at the banks of the river Bero ; fl. July 1859. No. 5484. 7. L. Eenii Hiern, sp. n. An annual, straight, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, sparingly branched ; stem pubescent with short downward hairs, pallid, obtusely tetragonal, sulcate ; internodes mostly longer than the leaves ; leaves lanceolate or narrowly elliptical, narrowed at the apex to an obtuse point, somewhat wedge-shaped at the sessile base, firmly herbaceous, somewhat pubescent, green above, a little paler beneath, crenate-serrulate except towards the base, 1 to 2^ in. long by i to }t in. broad; flowers white, -] in. long or rather longer, sessile or subsessile, numerous, crowded in axillary and subterminal verticils ; verticils subglobose, ^ to 1 in. in diameter, sessile, bracteate at the base ; bracts numerous, filiform, subulate, strongly ciliate, |^ to ^ in. long, the tip cartilaginous, acute ; calyx i in. long ; the tube campanulate-oblong, nearly straight, a little narrowed near the base, scarcely contracted at the mouth, 4 in. long, 10-nerved, pubescent outside, less conspicuously pubescent inside along the nerves ; the limb slightly bilabiate in flower ; teeth 5, subulate from a broad base, pubescent except the acute cartilaginous apex, the two anterior ones a little longer in flower and less erect than the rest; corolla about \ in. long, thinly pubescent outside, bilabiate ; the anterior lip spreading, trifid, 4 in. long ; the middle lobe obovate, entire, longer than the lateral lobes ; the posterior lip oval-oblong, emarginate at the apex, somewhat spreading, i in. long ; tube narrowly funnel- shaped, i in. long, glabrous below ; the throat not bearded ; stamens 4, didynamous, included, inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube ; style included, hairy above, obsoletely bilobed ; nutlets obpyramidal, truncate, shining. MossAMEDES. — In gravelly thickets at the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5486. This belongs to the section Lasiocorys (Benth.); it was also collected Leitcas] xcvn. LAniAT.E. 879 by T. G. Een in I)aniara-l:ind in 1H70. Such is the correct spelling of the collector's nauu', altlioiigh in the Botanical Maj^azine, t. tuX'.i, Mr. Baker stated that the bull) of ('I'miuii li'iirii/i/ii///niii, the plant which he there described, had been brought from Daniara-land " by a Danish sea captain of the name of Thure (xustave Ein " ; in the Flora of Tropical Africa, however, vii. p, ;5*.t7 (1H'.)8), for the same species the name is given as Tliure Gustaf Een. The genus /■Jtnia Hiern & S. Moore in Journ. P.ot. ]«!''.» p. .'373, in Compo8ita6, was named in honour of the same collector. 2t;. LEONOTIS U. Br. ; Benth. Sc Hook. f. (Jen. PI. ii. p. 121-L 1. L. nepetifolia Ait. llort. Kew. edit. 2, iii. p. 4(»9 (1811). riiloiiiis m'pi'tafoHa L. 8p. PI., edit. 1, p. 586 (1753). I\ nepeti- folia L. Svst. Nat., edit. 12, ii. p. 398 (1767). L. nepeta-folia Benth. in 1)0. Pi-odr. xii. p. 535 (1848). LoANDA. — An annual herb, 2\ ft. high ; leaves ranging up to 1 in. long and broad, petioles to 13 in. long. In H. and fr. Nos. 5562, 5577. Huii.LA. — At Humpata ; infl. and fr. April 18(10. No. 5500. Fkince'."^ Island.— In H. and fr. Sept. 18.o.^. No. 5578. This is probably the Lrn/mtis referred to by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. Xo. 7 (Aug. 1854), p. 84. n. 88, as occurring in wooded places near Freetown, Sierra Leone, Sept. 1853. Negro names are ''Maluvo m'angilla" or " Maluvo iamgilla," and " Maluvo iam(j'on(j'0 " ; a decoction of the plant is used in diseases of the abdomen. 27. TINNEA Kotschy ct Peyritsch ; \Ye\w. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. ].. .')7 (1869); Btnth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1220. 1. T. antiscorbutica Wehv.,/.e., p. 58 ; Ficalho, PI. ITteis, p. 241 (1884). Goi.rxcjo Alto. — An under.shrub or herbaceous plant, woody at the base, 4 to G ft. high and more ; rootstock thick, polycephalous ; stems numerous, tetragonal : leaves opposite or ternate or more rarely alternate, the Horal leaves and the bracts softly silky : inflorescence thyrsoid, violet-rosy throughout : bracts rosy : calyx tubular-campanulate, horizontally compressed, bilabiate, closed after the flowering ; the lobes entire, rounded-obtuse, somewhat concave, persistent, silky-rosy outside, intensely rosy inside : corolla-tube but little exserted, nearly straight, naked and whitish inside, dilated at the throat : limb bilabiate, large : the upper lip short, bilobed : the lobes rotundate-obtuse. over- lapping ; the lower lip large, .3-lobed : the lateral lobes short, obtuse ; the intermediate lobe very large, obcordate-rotund, velvety with intensely purple felt : the throat together with the limb horizontally compressed : stamens 4, somewhat ascending, all fertile ; filaments flattened, subcanaliculate, somewhat pilose on the sides, longer than the lower lip of the corolla, dilated into an obtuse fleshy incurved intensely yellow spathulate top under the upper lip, but little exserted : anthers approximated in pairs, all bilocular, the cells ovoid-globose ; style bifid at the apex : the upper branch short, subulate, not stigma- tose ,• the lower branch longer, stigmatose ; the hypogynous disk thick, elevated, not dentate, obsoletely angular : nutlets obovoid when young, obtuse, but little compressed, glabrous on the inner side. subgri)bous, silky-tomentose outside : the mature nutlets winged. In thin rocky- woods and on the more elevated slopes of the mountains in the central 880 xcvii. LABiATiE. [Tintiea and eastern Queta, not uncommon, flowering from August to December and fruiting from Xovember to February ; at Sange, Nov. 1854 and Feb. 1855 ; at Carengue, Sept. and Dec. 1855. The powder of the dried leaves is remarkably antiscorbutic. The native name is " Catete Bulla." No. 1632. Fruiting calyx simulating a pericarp, § in. long ; carpels 4, resembling seeds, surrounded with a long fringe, altogether about V in. long. Among the Queta mountaihs ; fr. Aug. 1856. Coll. Carp. 807. Puxcio Andoxgo. — ^An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves obtusely emarginate at the apex. In the less dense woods near the prsesidium in the direction of Catete, sparingly ; in young fl. March 1857. Xo. 1631. At Mopopo ; fr. 30 April 1857. Coll. Caiu-. 852. In Golungo Alto this plant is very abundant ; there and also in Pungo Andongo it is called " Catete Bulla " ; the tender shoots and the leaves, dried and reduced to a powder, and administered either in bulk or in the form of a saturated infusion, were at times recommended to Welwitsch by the negro doctors as furnishing one of the most efficacious remedies for scorbutic diseases especially for those of the mouth ; he, however, had no opportunity of convincing himself of any salutary effects in such cases. See Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 28. n. 62 (1862). 2. T. eriocalyx Welw., I.e., p. 59, HriLLA. — A suffrutescent herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, silky-woolly in some forms ; rootstock thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems clustered, erect, tomentose, simple or branched at the middle ; leaves opposite or ternate or on the same specimen alternate, all opposite in some forms, quite entire, firmly membranous, ovate or oval, shortly petiolate ; flowers whitish rosy or pale purple, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, subsecund, somewhat drooping, shortly pedunculate, bibracteo- late below the middle ; calyx globose, vesicular-turgid, closed in the bud, opening by a transverse chink, with both the upper and the lower lips quite entire and subrotund-truncate, closed after the flowering, enlarged in fruit and cleft to the base, persistent, completely conceal- ing the carpels : corolla intensely violet-purple ; the tube included in the calyx, but little curved, hirsute inside at the insertion of the stamens ; the throat transversely dilated ; the limb bilabiate ; the upper lip ascending, emarginate-bifid ; the lower lip trifid ; the lateral lobes shorter than the intermediate one, equalling the upper lip ; the middle lobe dilated, emarginate, directed forwards ; stamens 4, exserted, ascending-deflected, the lower pair the longer, all fertile ; filaments of the upper pair filiform, those of the lower pair clavate at the apex and twice as thick as the upper ones, all articulate at the apex to the yellow pulvinate-tumid connective ; anthers bilocular, the cells separate at the base and dehiscing longitudinally, the pollen whitish ; ovary 4-lobed, placed on the short thick disk, the lobes papilliform erect and equal ; style central, filiform, somewhat thickened at the middle, a little shorter than the acute terminal stigma ; nutlets 4 or 3, rarely fewer, elongated-clavate, erect, ventricose and naked on the inner side, girt on the outer side and quasi-scutellate with a broad wing consisting of fibres some radiating and others transverse and arachnoid-intertwined. In rather dry hilly bushy places and at the outskirts of forests between Lopollo and Mumpulla and between the former place and Catumba, plentiful ; fl. from Dec. 1859 to end (26th) of March 1860. No. 1635. In fr. 9 May 1860, at Lopollo. " Catete Bulla de Lopollo." Coll. Carp. 32. Ajuga] xcvil. LAUiATiE. 881 28. AJUGA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1i»l>2. 1. A. Iva Sehreb. PI. Vert. Unilab. p. 25 (1773); J. A. Sclimi.lt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Vcrd. In.s. p. 224 (1852). Cai'K de Yr.KDH Islands. — Island of St. Vincent ; without fl. or fr. Aug. 1853. No. 5524. Island of St. Jago ; in rocky places near Villa da Praia ; fl. Jan. IHC.l. No. 5525. XCVIII. PLANTx\GINEiE. 1. PLANTAGO Tounief., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1224. 1. P. major L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 112 (1753) ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. In.s. p. 181 (1852). Barra do D.\.ndk. — In marshy herbaceous places on the left bank of the river Dande, not common ; fl. and fr. Nov. 18o3. The variety sinuata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. xiii. 1, p. G94 (18.'>2). No. 513. Lo.VNDA. — By dried-up ponds or lakes behind Fazenda de Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. July'l854. No. 513/'. In gardens •, fr. Oct. 18(J0. A very large form. Coll. Caiu'. H5'.». GoLUNCio Alto. — Annual or persisting for several years, sometimes dwarf, sometimes with large leaves a foot long : spikes almost a foot long, often at least \\ ft. ; flowering nearly all the year. At the herbaceous banks of the river Quiapose, and in fields about Sange, plentiful and almost ubiquitous ; fl. and fr. June and July 1856. No. 514- Biennial ; in damp fields near Sange, not uncommon : fl. and fr. July 185(3. The variety f/.s/V/^Vv/ Decaisne, /.r;. No. 513c. A form with comparatively distant flowers, collected with the last. No. 513^/. Cai'k de Veude Islands. — In moist places on the top of Monte Verde in the Island of St. Vincent ; fl. 20-21 Aug. 1853. A slender form. No. 523. 2. P. arborescens Poiret in Lam. Encycl. Meth. v. p. 389 (1804) ; Wehv. in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 81, n. 3G. Var. maderensis Harms in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36, p. 373 (1895). F. maderensis Decai.sne, I.e., p. 733. IsL.\ND OF Madeira. — A shrublet, a foot high, not at all arborescent ; branches woody, ascending. In dry stony places between Funchal and Camara dos Lobos ; fr. 13 Aug. 1853. No. 515. XCIX. NYCTAGINE^. 1. MIRABILIS Biv., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 3 (Feb. 1880). 1. M. Jalapa L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 177 (1753). M. dichotoma L. Syst. Nat. edit. 10, ii. p. 931 (1759); Welw. Apontam. p. 547 sub n. 76 (1859). IcoLo E Bengo. — Cultivated at the convent of Santo Antonio ; fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5377/^. GoLUNGo Alto. — In the primitive forest at the river Luinha, quite wild and plentiful, doubtfully indigenous ; fl. Dec. 1854. No. 5377. Cazengu. — A tall herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; flowers white, fragrant, with 57 882 xcix. KYCTAGiNE^. [MiraUUs a long tube. In moist primitive forests at the banks of the river Luinha, wild and plentiful ; fl. June 1855. No. 5376. In Pungo Andongo it is abundant along streams : see note under Polygonum lanigerum R. Br. Welwitsch considered that this plant must have been originally introduced into Angola (and probably into all the other districts of Africa where it occurs) by the missionaries, because its fruit, as also that of Abi-ns, Canna, Coix, etc., is used for the so-called chaplets or crowns of roses. 2. BOERHAVIA L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 3 (1753). Boerhaavia Vaill. Sermo, p. 50 (1718); Murr. Syst. Veg. p. 50 (1774); Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 5. 1. B. repens L., I.e. ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 179 (1852). B. diffusa L., I.e. B. suherosa Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, p. 249 (1818). B. depressa Chr. Sm., I.e. B. hereroensis Heimerl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 9 (6 July 1888). IcoLO E Bengo. — In dried-up pools at the river Bengo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1854. No. 5387- In muddy-sandy places, quite dry in winter, flooded in summer, around Lagoa de Quilonde ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1857. No. 5388. LOANDA. — In hot sandy places near Penedo ; fl. and fr. March 1858. No. 5389. An annual herb, branched from the root ; branches prostrate, virgate-ramulose ; flowers rosy. In sandy places flooded in summer, in short grass between Penedo and Concei9ao ; fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 5390- Annual, prostrate, with violet -coloured flowers. In muddy places near Loanda ; fr. May 1854. Coll. Carp. 860. In sunny sandy places near Penedo ; fr. May 1858. No. 5389. Pungo Axdongo. — In sandy rocky parts of the praesidium ; fl. and fr. March 1857. An annual prostrate herb, with discolorous leaves and violet-coloured flowers. In dry, rocky-sandy places in the court-yard of the residence of the governor of Pungo Andongo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5385. Cape de Verde Islands. — In the island of St. Vincent ; without fl. or fr. Aug. 1853. No. 5381. 2. B. adscendens WiUd. Sp. PI. i. p. 19 (1797); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 242 (1884) {Boerhaavia). Ambriz.— In fl. Nov. 1853. No. 5386. At Quisembo ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. Called " Herba tostao." No. 5382. Barra do Dande. — A weak, slender herb, with greenish glaucescent stems and whitish lilac flowers. In bushy moist hilly places near the mouth of the river Dande ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5392. Loanda. — Cazanga island ; fl. March 1858. No. 5383. A perennial herb ; root tubercular ; stems decumbent-ascending ; leaves somewhat fleshy. In sandy maritime and hilly bushy places throughout the district and also in the coast region at Penedo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. May and June 1858. The Portuguese colonists call it " Herba tostao." No. 5384. A decumbent herb or almost an undershrub.; rhizome thick, woody-spongy, polycephalous ; stems prostrate, 1| to 3 ft. long ; branches and branchlets ascending ; leaves somewhat fleshy, pallid, glaucescent, with the aspect almost of Atriplex ; flowers rather small, pale violet in colour. In barren sparingly grassy hilly places to the south-west of Loanda, at Praia da Zamba grande ; fl. and f r. end of Dec. 1858. No. 5393. £oer/uima] xcix. nyctagine^. 883 GoLUNGO Alto. — In thickets near Quiquelequele ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 5380. Princk's Isi,.\m).— " Herba tostiio." In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5391. In Ambriz and Loanda the natives call this plant " Embate " or " Bute- bate " ; a decoction of the tuberous root is used as a remedy in cases of jaundice. It is also called " Ditumbate," plural " Matumb;1te." 3. B. plumbaginea C'avan. Icon. ii. p. 7. n. 121. t. 112 (1793). Vakrlana scandcns Forsk. Fl. yEgypt.-Arab. p. 12 (1775) ; iiou Loefl. (1758). B. dichotoma Vahl, Enum. PI. i. p. 290 (1801). LoAND.A.. — A perennial herb ; rootstock woody, polycephalous ; flowers lilac. In dry hilly places near the convent of Santo Jose at Loanda ; fl.-bud and fr. Dec. 1853 and Feb. 1H54. No. 5379. Flowers lilac or violet-purple. In hilly bushy places above Penedo and near Boa Vista : H. and fr. ]\Iarch 1H54. No. 5395. A herb, 3 to 8 ft. long, almost scandent, or decumbent on other shrubby plants ; flowers com- paratively large. Very plentiful in all the littoral districts of Angola, flowering nearly the whole year ; at Alto das Cruzes, Dec. 1853 ; at Praia da Zamba grande, July 1858 ; fl. and fr. No. 5394. Goi.UNGo Alto. — At Cacarambola ; in fl.-bud and fr. Aug. 185G. A decoction of the root is used as a remedy in cases of jaundice. No. 5396. 3. BUGINVILL^A Commers. ex Juss. Gen. PI. p. 91 (1789) ; Benth. I'c llook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 7. (BoitgainviUcea). 1. B. spectabiUs Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 348 (1799). C.\rK DK Vkrdi: Isl.\ni)s. — Cultivated in the interior parts of the island of San Thiago ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 5378. C. ILLECEBKACE^. 1. POLLICHIA Ait. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 14. 1. P. campestris Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 1, p. 5 (1789). Moss.\.Mi:i)Ks. — A sufErutescent herb or a shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high : rhizome polycephalous ; stems divaricately branched, the young shoots clothed with a snow-white felt; flowers fasciculate, the bundles as well as each flower sheathed with thin hyaline bracteoles ; calyx 5-cleft, red, somewhat fleshy ; petals ; stamen 1, attached to the calyx-tube ; ovary ellipsoidal ; style central, elongated, shortly bifid at the apex : utricle loose ; seed ellipsoidal, smooth. In sandy dry or moist places at the banks of the river Bero, plentiful but only at a very few spots ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1088. In rocky sparingly bushy places on the right bank of the river Caroca, near Cabo Negro ; fr. Sept. 1859. No. 1088/^ A divaricate, branched undershrub, 2 ft. high ; stem nodose ; stipules scarious, the scales which involve the fruits fleshy, dusky. In sandy places at the banks of the river Bero ; fr. July 1859. Coll. Carp. 879. 2. PARONYCHIA Adans; Benth. ^- loJ^g '■> ^^Itimate pedicels very short or obsolete ; perianth-segments 5, white, rather dryly paleaceous, about yV i^- long in flower, |^ in. long in fruit, oval-oblong, spreading at the time of the flowering, inserted with the stamens at the outside of the base of the perigynous disk ; stamens 5, monadelphous, united at the base into a cup, free and narrowly subulate above, shorter than the perianth ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, attached at the middle of the back, dehiscing longitudinally, introrse ; ovary stipitate, obovoid and subtruncate in flower, ovoid-oblong in fruit, the stipe arising from the bottom of the perianth and penetrating the disk through a central hole ; style solitary, short, crowned with 2 spreading branches ; seeds 2, minutely tuberculate, comparatively dvill. GoLUNGO Alto. — At the bushy outskirts of the primitive forest in Sobato de Mussengue on the left-hand side of the Ambaca road from Sange, very rare ; fl. and fr. 16 Dec. 1855. No. 6572. 2. AMARANTHUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 28 {Amarantus). 1. A. caudatus L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 990 (1753). LoANDA. — An annual, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, rarely branched ; leaves turning purplish before the flowering, edible when cooked ; flowers sometimes greenish, sometimes rosy-purple or nearly blood-red purple. Cultivated and frequently wild on rubbish heaps ; fl. July 1854 ; in sandy sunny places about Maianga d'El Rei, quite wild and apparently indigenous ; fl. July 1858 ; cultivated as a pot-herb in Dr. Mendes Alfonso's garden ; fl. and fr. August 1858, Negro name " Jimboa." No. 6512,iJar/?,?/. Cazengo. — In the hot parts of the primitive forest of Mata de Amarajithus] ci. AMAiiANTiiACEiE, 8H7 Cabonda, plentiful : H. and fr. middle of June 1855. Native name "Jimb^a." No. 6513. G(.i.iN(;() Alt. ..-In fl. and fr. No. 6513i. 2. A. spinosus L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 991 (1753); J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Yord. Ins. p. 17G (1S52) ; Wehv. in Ann. Cons. Ultnuimr. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854) p. 81. n. 90. SiEKKA Lkonk. — In fl. beginning of Sept. 1853. A poor specimen probably of this species, which, according to Welwitsch's note attached to no. G515, he saw plentifully near Freetown but of which he collected only one specimen growing in kitchen gardens and afterwards suffering from the dampness of the winter. No. 6514. A.MiJKiz. — On rubbish heaps near Banza d'Ambriz ; also behind Quizembo ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1853. No. 6515. Pkinck's Isl.vni). — Stem straight, reddish, mostly branched from the base. In plots neglected after cultivation and in sunny places, near the port of S. Antonio ; fr. Sept. 1853. C(iLi.. Cakp. HG7. Capk 1)K Vkkde Islands.— Island of San Thiago. Cultivated at Loanda in 1857. Coll. Cari*. 868. This is apparently the AmnrdnthuH, amid masses of which Acuan vir- (jatum Medik. grew sporadically by the lake near Banza d'Ambriz ; see ante p. 309. 3. A tricolor L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 989 (1753). A. ganyeticus L. Sy.st. Nat. edit. 10, ii. p. 1268 (1759). Loanda. — Cultivated in gardens, and according to Arsenio P. P. de Carpo called " Papagaios " ; fl. and fr. No. 6516. Welwitsch was informed by Scnhor Pompeio Pampilhio that this species occurs wild near Pungo Andongo. The name " papagaios " is also used by the Portuguese colonists for Iinpatiois Bahdiniiui L. ; see anic p. 108. It was also found in Ambaca, near N-gombe, in plots neglected after cultivation, where it was not plentiful, in Oct. 185G. According to a ms. note of Welwitsch, this is one of the species which are both wild and cultivated by the natives and which furnish the edible vegetables called by the negroes " Jimboa."'see Welw. Apontam. p. 547 sub n. 74 (1859), and Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 242 (1884). These vegetables are eaten in large quantities like beet sprouts Ijy the natives in the interior, for example in the district of Duque de Braganra, where for weeks and even for months they eat scarcely anything else. 4. A. graecizans L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 990 (1753). A. alhusThuxih. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 45 (1794); non L. (1759). A. Thunhergii Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 262 (1849). Pungo Andongo. — At Condo ; fl. and fr. ]\Iarch 1857. No. 6522. MossAMEDES. — An annual herb, branched from the base ; branches slender ; leaves variable, narrower or broader : flowers greenish. In gravelly places at Garganta do Rio Bero ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. In sandy places by the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. In neglected fields between Hortas and Boa Vista ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6528. An annual herb, erect or ascending ; stem slender, bright green, branched from the base or from the middle ; branches elongated, erect-patent. In damp sandy places at the mouth of the river Bero : fl. and fr. July 1859. A narrow-leaved variety. No. 6527. HriLLA.— In fields after crops of Sorghum, plentiful ; fl. and fr. beginning of :May 18G0. No. 6497- Perhaps only a variety of J. Blitum L. 888 CI. AMARANTHACE^. [Amaranthus 5. A. Blitum L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 990 (1753). IcoLO E Bengo. — By the coast between the rivers Bengo and Dande; fl. and fr. Feb. 1854. No. 6523. LoANDA.— At Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. ,30 Dec. 1853. N©. 6524. An annual, prostrate or suberect herb, with a purple stem and purplish flowers. In seaside places at Praia da Zamba grande to the south- west of Loanda, here and there ; fl. and fr. May 1858. Xo. 6525. GoLUNGO Alto. — In kitchen-gardens and in hot uncultivated places about Sange ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 6521. Cazexgo.— An annual herb ; stem strictly erect. In hot gravelly places at the base of mount Muxaula, not common ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 6526. Cape de Verde Islands.— Island of St. Vincent ; in fl. Aug. 1853. Apparently this species. No. 6546 partly. The rest of no. 6546 belongs to another plant ; it is without fl. or f r. 6. A. viridis L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 1405 (1763). Euxolus caudatus Moq. in DO. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 274 (1849). Barra do Bengo. — In thin nalm groves near Quifandongo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 6518. Loanda. — An annual, erect or decumbent-ascending herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, eaten by the negroes. In open places about dwellings near Maianga d'El Rei ; fl. and fr. August 1858. Negro name " Jinboa." No. 6512, partly. A dull green, annual, erect herb, with spreading branches at the top ; flowering spikes from greenish to purplish. In sandy and gravelly places and by rubbish -heaps, everywhere and very plentiful especially in the neighbourhood of dwellings shortly after the December rains ; in the courtyard of Welwitsch's house in Loanda ; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1858 ; in damp herbaceous places, at Imbondeira dos Lobos, and near Maianga do Povo ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1859. Eaten by the negroes together with other species of the genus, and called by them " Jinboa." No. 6517. GoLUNGO Alto.— About Sange ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 6519. Edible ; fr. Feb. 1856. " Jimboa." Coll. Carp. 128. MossAMEDES. — An annual, erect, branched herb, 1 to 3 ft. high. In places neglected after cultivation and on gravel at the banks of the river Bero, plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6520. This appears to be Amaranthus mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 19 as occurring at the banks of the river Bengo near S. Antonio, Dec. 1853. 3. MARCELLIA Baill. in Bull. Mens. See. Linn. Paris, i. p. 625 (1886) ; non Mart. (1844). Sericocoma sect. Sericorema farthj, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 30. 1. M. mirabilis Baill., I.e. Sericocoma Welvntschii Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. ; Schinz in Engl. Bet. Jahrb. xxi. p. 182 (1895) ; non Baker. M. Welwitschii Lopriore in Engl. Bot. Jalu'b. xxvii. p. 40, t. i. fig. C (7 AprH 1899). MossAMEDES. — An annual herb, branched from the base ; branches ascending ; flowers greenish rosy blood-red. In sandy thickets at the river Bero, sporadic and apparently very rare ; fl. and fr. July, Aug., and Sept. 1859. No. 6508. Leaves linear, deep green ; flower-spikes Ma7'ceUia] ci. AMAUAXTiiACE.E. 889 elongated, brilliantly purple. In sandy places at the river Bero near Cavalheiros : H. and fr. beginning of July 1859. Coi.l. Cakp. 874. 2. M. denudata Lopriore, I.e., p. 41. Sericoanna denudata Ifook. f., I.e. ; Scliinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 182 (1895). Mo.^sAMKDKS. — An erect, slender undershrub, 2A to 4 ft. high ; branches virgate ; flowers whitish. In gravelly maritime places near Mossamedes, very plentiful but only in a few spots, in company with Vogflia nfncawi Lam. (cf. Welw. Coll. Carp. '.15 ; ttntr^ p. iVii)) ; fl. and fr. July and August 1859. No. 6503. 4. CYPHOCARPA Lopriore in Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xxvii. p. 42 <7 April ISD'J). Sericocoiua .'^ect. Kyphocarpa, Feuzl in Linna?a xvii. p. 324 (1843) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gou. PI. iii. p. 30. 1. C. angustifolia Lopriore, I.e., p. 45. Cyathiila > [Kirtly [Oriinuni aiueriauntm Mill.). Mos.', p. lOH) ; H. and fr. Jan. and Feb". 18(J0. No. 6317. 2. BETA Tournef., L. ; Benth. i nook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 52. ]. B. vulgaris L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 222 (17rj.3). B. laaritimd L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 322 (17(52). //. prociimbens Sm. iu llornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. p. 31 (1819) ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. p. 171 (1852). Cai'E UK Vkrdk Islands.— In sandy places in the ii-hind of St. Vincent ; fr. Jan. 18G1. No. 6325. 3. ATRIPLEX Tournef., L. ; Benth. it Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 53. 1. A. paludosa It. Br. Prodr. p. 40G (1810). MossAMKDics. — A much branched undershrub or almost a shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high ; branches patent, elongated, subscandent ; leaves some- what fleshy, whitish-lepidoto. In bushy brackish places about Caroca, about 13 miles distant from the ocean, plentiful, somewhat climbing among Tdimirix ortcntalis Forsk. (Welw. herb. no. lU8(j : artly. Ambaca. — An annual, much branched, fully developed herb ; stem decumbent ; branches ascending ; flowers white. In neglected fields and barren plains near N-gombe, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1756&. PuNGO Andongo. — Flowering racemes seeming terminal when young but really axillary or rather alar, not nodding but the pedicels of the male flowers arching-recurved from the apex after flowering and the fertile flowers even in the fruiting state seated on erect pedicels ; perianth white ; anthers deep clear blue ; fruit resembling Oxyyomon] civ. roiA'CJuNACK-E. 903 a double tetragonal pyramid, each pyramid being placed base to base with reference to the other. In the poorer plots of cultivation and on rubbisli heaps, very plentiful, extendins; from Ambaca to the pnosidium ; tl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. IH.'itl. No. 1756- An annual, procumbent- ascending herb, with white flowers and blue anthers. In cultivated places and by roadsides ; fr. Feb. 1857. Coll. Cak!>. 8G4. 3. 0. sinuatum Dammer, I.e. ('erato(i<)iio/i siinifitxia Ilocbst. /talh Rose, forms the mass of the herbaceous vegetation along streams in Pungo Andongo. 4. P. limbatum Meisn., Z.c, p. 123. HuiLLA. — In marshy wooded places from Ferrjio da Sola towards Jail, and seen nowhere else ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 5374. 5. P. senegalense Meisn. Men. Polyg. p. 54 (1826) ; Welw. in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 21. Barra DO Bengo. — A handsome plant ; stem as thick as a man's finger, some thicker, fistulose, brilliantly red, 4 to 10 ft. high, decumbent or even floating. At the margins of the river Bengo, between Quifan- dongo and Prata, at the convent of Santo Antonio ; fl. Dec. 1853. No. 5359, partly. IcoLO E Bengo.— A herb, 4 toG ft. high ; stem sometimes decumbent sometimes ascending, remarkably and widely fistulose, a finger thick, reddish purple ; flowers whitish rosy. At the banks of the river Bengo (Zenza), from Santo Antonio to Tamdambondo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1857. No. 5359, partly. Stems tortuous, thick, fistulose, 2 to 6 ft. high. At the river Bengo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1857. Coll. Cakp. 865. MosSAMEDEs. — An apparently perennial herb ; stem thick, fistulose, 3 to 7 ft. high, an inch thick, decumbent or nodding ; branches erect ; flowers whitish rosy. In ponds or gently flowing pools at the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5358. Pohjgoninn] Civ. polyoonace.e. 'J05 This pbxnt was met with also in abundance by rather deep ponds at Represa do Manuel Pereira van Ilunnen in the district of Loanda : it Howers from December to INIarch, and is perennial : its hollow stem is constricted at the nodes and remarkably moniliform, that is. the joints are strongly inflated : the stem is sometimes erect and 1 to o ft. high, and sometimes decumbent and (1 to 12 ft. long by an inch in diameter ; it is throughout of a pretty reddish colour. 6. P. tomentosum Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 447 (1799). Cf. Iluiittuyn, Handle id. viii. p. 4G7. t. 49. f. 1 (1777), under P. oci'eatum. Ami!.\ca. — An erect or ascending, cinereous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with pallid rosy flowers. By streams, between Puri-Cacarambola and X-gombe, in company with Uor'qipa Nasturtium Beck ; Oct. 18.06, but not then in good ti. No. 5361. PiNOo Amioncd.— A marsh herb: stems often elongated, a foot long or more, simple, decumbent-ascending or almost floating, bearded At the nodes with long root-like fibres ; flowers whitish-rosy. By pools close to the banks of the river Luxillo, near the bridge, not common ; fl. Jan. 1857. A .specimen, poorly represented in the British Museum set, apparently of this species. Xo. 5360. See note under /'. lanigerum R. Br. Var. limnogenes. P. limno>jenes Yatke ex Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 202 (1892). Leaves scabrid. HciLL.v. — An erect herb, 2A to 4 ft. high; ochrciv ferruginous; «pikes somewhat nodding ; flowers from whitish to slightly rosy. At river banks near Humpata, in company with willows ; 11. and fr. April 18G0. No. 5362. This is probably the Pohjgonum with which grew the grass Panicum Crus-paronis Nees, Welw. herb. no. 7490 ; post, ii. p. 173. 3. RUMEX L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 100. 1. R. abyssinica Jacq. Hort. Vimlob. iii. p. 48. t. 93 (177G) {ahi/ssinicus). Pl'.nco ANDoNCio. — An erect, apparently perennial herb. 2 to 5 ft. high • leaves deltoid or lance-shaped, herbaceous-green above, glau- cescent beneath, the radical ones with long petioles. In rich liushy pastures in deep valleys among the gigantic volcanic rocks of Pungo Andongo : fl. and young fr. Dec. ]8,')lJ and Jan. 1857 ; also in rather elevated rocky places by the streams of Catete and Cabondo in the pra^sidium : fl. and young fr. Feb. and April 1857. No. 5356- Huii.h.v.— A branched herb, 2 to 4 ft. high. By streams ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5357. By rivulets near Lopollo ; fr. Jan. 18G0. Coll. Cakp. 878. This is the Pmupx mentioned by Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 187 (18G1). 4. BRUNNICHIA Banks : Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 103; Dauuner in Engl.. Pot. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 347 (31 Jan. 1899). 1. B. africana Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 61 (1869) ; Oliv. iu Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 21, t. 1328 (Feb. 1881); Dammer, I.e., p. 357. GoLUNGt) Alto. — A slender, much-branched shrub, climbing high 906 CIV. POLYGONACE^. [BrumiicMa and wide, not milky ; branches elongate-virgate, horizontally patent or even bent downwards and nodding, angular, cirrhose ; tendrils bifid at the apex ; leaves papery, bright green and glossy above, paler beneath, oblong or elliptical-ovate, abruptly narrowed at both ends or wedged-shaped at the base ; petiole amplexicaul, forming a short ochrea ; flower-racemes not cirrhose at the apex but the peduncles or the branchlets from the axils of the leaves below the inflorescence transformed into tendrils of 2 to 4 in. long ; perianth obversely fusiform, jointed to the much compressed pedicel, compressed-winged, connate with the base of the ovary, the limb 5-partite, the segments convolute- semi-imbricate in festivation, patent during the flowering, herbaceous- green outside, rosy-red inside ; stamens 10 or very rarely only 5, inserted on the throat of the perianth, 5 of them, those opposite the perianth-segments, a little longer than the others, flattened from the base, filiform, exserted ; anthers rotundate-cordate, very deep vermilion- red, introrse, 2-celled, the cells cohering only at the point of insertion of the filaments, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary nearly free, fusiform, trigonous, terminating gradually in the style ; stigmas 3, delicately capitate ; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; the ovule erect, seated at the base on the thick column or funicle ; fruit with the winged pedicel vividly blood-red, 5 to 7 times as long as the perianth. In rather dense primitive forests by streams among the mountains in Sobatode Bumba and at the Capopa cataract near Sange, sporadic ; fl. and fr., 28 Sept. 1855 ; in company with Bombax buonojjozejini.'^ P. Beauv. (Welw. herb. no. 5413), Leea gulneensis G. Don (Welw. herb. no. 1487, and Trymatococcu^ kamenmensis Engl., var. Wehoitschii Engl. (Welw. herb, no. 2594). No. 1754. At Capopa ; fr. April 1856. Coll. Carp. »82. CV. PODOSTEMACE^. The plants of this order have a remarkably peculiar habit resembling in this respect some Algse and Jungermannise ; they are poorly represented in Angola, Welwitsch having collected only two out of the 170 species or thereabouts in all; these two species, moreover, were found each in a single station, namely in the cool and clear streams confined within rocks among the mountains of Pungo Andongo, though they were searched for in vain in similar situations up to 16° S. Lat. and 5600 feet of altitude. One of the species strikingly resembles a Uypnea {Floridece), and it grows with a shield-like knotty base attached in an exactly similar fashion to stones at the bottom of the streams. The second species, which at first sight might be mistaken for a Jungermannia, occurs also at the bottom of streams, but it grows in dense extensive tufts after the manner of various Jungermannice. Each of the species seems rarely to bear fruit and then only when the streams in which they grow decrease so much in depth by evaporation in the hot season that the plants have their upper branches exposed to the atmosphere. The texture also of these species resembles that of some Alga3 ; they have the same elastic stiffness when taken fresh out of the water, the same rapid crumbling, the same knot-like appearance of the stem (though on closer examination really difierent), and the same kind of cartilaginous disk at the point of attachment. Tristiclia] cv. podostemace.i-:. 'J<)7 1. TRISTICHA r. Tlicuius in Koemer, Collect. Bot. \\ 197. n. 8 (18(»'.i) : I'.ciith. it Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 108. 1. T. hypnoides Sprcng. Sv.st. Ve^r. iv. Cur. Post. p. 10 (1827). Var. fontinaloides Wcdd. in DO. Prodr. xvii. p. -JO (1873). T.foidinalaidt's Welw. ex Wed.l., I.e. PiNco Anhongo. — An aijuatic herb, 3 to 1(» in. long, branchetl in a dichotouious or fasciculate manner like Fo/ilituilis auti/iifrtticd, attached after the fashion of the Floridiie, with a shield-like cartilaginous sordid-rosy or purplish callus, to the submerged rocks in clear streams, when removed from the water rapidly becoming very limp ; stems several from the same root, ca-spitosely clustered, the young ones erect, subcompressed, greenish purple, the older and fruiting ones floating, Hatly compressed, reddish purple, subcartilagiuous and as the branches and branchlets (which are at lengtli subcylindrical ) scmipellucid and flexible, in youth more densely and in adult age more loosely leafy ; leaves alternate, apparently distichous but really trifarious, those of two rows distichously patent, those of the third row shorter, erect, adpressed to the stem, ahnost imitating the aniphigastria of Junger- mannia;, all very brightly deep-green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 -nerved, quite entire, narrowed and sub-decurrent at the base ; flowers axillary, solitary, at first subsessile and involucrate with bracteoles, soon with firm rather thick straight and long peduncles ; bracteoles at length oblong, rather broad, membranous, 2 or '.', usually 2, at the base of the peduncle at length free, spreading, persistent in fruit ; perianth-segments ','>, thinly chartaceous, green, at first sub- connate beyond the middle, at length as the ovary enlarges free to the base, equal, ovate-oblong, concave, adhering to tlie mature ovary, persis- tent, then spreading, but little or scarcely exceeding the capsule ; stamen 1, hypogynous ; filament compressed-filiform, at the beginning of the flowering included, soon rather far exserted ; anther 1, terminal, red, attached at the emarginate base, ovoid-oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary ovoid, incompletely (?) 3-celled, the cells with several ovules ; stigmas .3, purple, filiform, erect during the flowering, at length diverging ; capsule brick-red-browu, oblong-ovoid, crowned at the top with the indurated styles, longitudinally sulcate-costat;_, 3-valved ; the valves tricostate, boat-shaped, when dehisced laying bare a placentiferous column which bears the erect seeds in its depressions ; seeds very numerous, elongate-ellipsoidal, compressedly biconvex ; testa thin, pellucid, somewhat viscid ; the inner lining bright brown, very delicately and roundly foveolate. On submerged stones in the clear mountain streams of Podra de Cabondo, in the pnusidium ; sj)aringly fruiting, Feb. l.sr)7. No. 627- The Alga n. 109, and perhaps also n. 108, grew on the branchlets. 2. T. trifaria Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xi. p. Ill (1849). Dufourea trifaria Bory ex Willd. Sp. PI. v. ]). 55 (1810). PrN(;() Amii>nc;u. — A herb with the habit of a Jiimjcrmannut, growing on submerged rocks in cold streams, at first erect, afterwards as the stem branches more or less elongated, somewhat floating, at length as the water in the streams dries up decumbent on the rocky or muddy-sandy bottom and in this state mostly fruiting, just as in mosses the luxuriant specimens rather rarely flowering or fruiting, firmer and more rigid than the last species ; root scutiform, cartila- ginous, reddish, closely adhering to the matrix ; stems compressed- flat, occasionally even much dilated, cjcspitose, in the living state tinged 908 cv. PODOSTEMACE^. [Tristicha with red or purple, in the dry state dull reddish ; leaves broader and more densely trifariously imbricate than those of the last species,- dull or almost obscurely green without gloss, those of the third row erect, adpressed to the stem more or less orbicular and half the length of those in the distichously spreading other rows ; capsules almost equal in size to those of the last species ; the whole plant turning black in drying. Attached to submerged rocks in the stream Casalale' in the presidium, rather rarely flowering ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 528. By the rivers Casalale and Cambondo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. CoLi.. Carp. 942. It flowers from January to March. Several species of Algae grew on the branches. Cf. Algae nn. 105, 108, 109. CVI. CYTINACE^. 1. PILOSTYLES Guillemin in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, ii. p. 19. t. 1 (1834). Frostia Bertero ex Guillemin, I.e. Apodmithes Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 118; non Poit. (1824). 1. P. aethiopica Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 67. t. 22 (1869); Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 114 (1873). A small parasite, growing in masses, after the fashion of the tubercle-shaped Sphterije, on the thinner branchlets of trees on all sides, but chiefly on the side exposed to the light, springing from their bark sometimes in definite rows and in other cases irregularly. Slender threads or very delicate membranes pervade the liber and take the place of the root like a mycelium. The parasites first appear as small hemispherical nodules, which are afterwards broken by the protrusion of a rather hard globular or somewhat conical light brown body appearing under the microscope to be covered with small tender more or less circular scales which give the globular body an areolate surface and make it quite analogous to the uterus of some Fungi, as for instance Clathrus, and almost of a woody consistency ; it soon bursts either irregularly or in a circumsciss manner, the upper arched part falling o& like a hood, and the lower part remaining firm on the bark like an elevated bowl-shaped ring, which permanently encircles the buds as they sprout and the fruit when subsequently formed. The whole of the process, from the first manifestation of the little nodules up to the inflorescence and fructification, appears to be completed in a very few days: thus Welwitsch found on the 10th May 1860 male flowers which were then nearly all in bud with only a few having their perianth expanded, and two days later he found the same flowers nearly all quite wdthered and past. On a close examination of these fungus like plants Welwitsch was involun- tarily reminded of the flowers of certain Asclepiadeaj especially of some Stajjelice ; and the foul smell of the latter is said to occur in some species of Rafllesieae. The flowers are dioecious, involu- crate ; involucre globose, crustaceous, pale brown, branny-areolate, smooth inside, enclosing one or rarely two (in one instance three) flowers, circumsciss or bursting irregularly, the patelliform base J'ilosti/les] CVI. CYTIXACE.-E. 909 persistent ; Hower snbsessile at the bottom ami ccntro of the iiivolucro, bright rosy-bloodrcd throughout, J to I, in. higli. 1)U<1- sliaped, bracteate ; bracts several, 8 to 10, scale-like, bioadly ovate, concave, obtuse, bright bluodred, arranged in an ascending spiral, covering the perianth of the ilowers, whether of the male flowers at the time of the flowering or of the female flowers both during the flowering and during the swelling of the ovary. Perianth of the male flowers 4- to 7- or even 8-phyllous ; the segments obtuse, spongy-callous at the base inside, imbricate in the bud, erect-spreading during the flowering, incMrve). For a further account of this underground parasite see Monteiro, Angola, ii. p. 207 (ISTf)). ( 'VII. AUlSTUJ.UUlllxVC 'E.E. 1. AEISTOLOCHIA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. ri. iii. p. iL'.!. 1. A, albida ])iu'l;artie in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, ii. p. 7D (1854), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 1, p. 483 (May 1864); Solereder in Engl. Bot. Jabrb. x. p. 437 (2 April 1889). A. a'thiopica Wehv. Ai)ontam. p. 548, sub n. 81 (1859). Goi.iNOtt Alto. — A climbing, perennial plant ; stem mostly prostrate, with long sarmentose branches ; calyx unilabiate, lurid, dusky purple : the lip obovate, oblong-panduriform, concave and hirsute above the middle, with reflected margins, glaucous and keeled below ; epigynous disk with six crenations, each of which bears two extror.se bilocular longitudinally dehiscent anthers. In hilly places and on rather dry slopes at the outskirts of thickets and at the bushy banks of streams, occasionally plentiful ; by the Ambaca road, fl. Aug. 1^5"), fr. Nov. 1855. No. 511. A decumbent specimen ; in hot rocky places near Sange, fl. beginning of Aug. 1855. No. 511/>. In fr. Dec. 1854. Coi.l. Caki'. 93G. MossAMKDKs. — A perennial, diffuse or widely climbing, much branched, suffrutescent herb ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat limp ; flowers blackish purple. In sandy maritime thickets between ]\Iossamedes and Cavalheiros or Giraul, very plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1S59. No. 512. In thickets near Mossamedes ; in well developed fl. J unci 859. No. 512//. Welwitsch considered that the trivial name as a descriptive term was very unsuitable. CVIII. PIPERACE.E. The acjuatic plant, with edible tuberous rhizomes like clu'stnuts in taste, mentioned by Welwitsch in Apontam. p. 54G, n. G3 and there placed under Saurureaj, is probably Limno]:)hyton ohtusifolium Miq. 1. PIPER L. : Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 129. 1. P. umbellatum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 30 (1753); C. DC. Prodr. xvi. ], j^. 332 (1809). P. suhpeltalam Willd. .Sp. PI. i. p. IGG (1797); C. DC /.c, p. 333. IJeckeria suhpeltata Kunth in Linnjca xiii. p, 571 (1839) ; Engl, in Engl. «k Prantl, Nat. Ptlanzenfam. iii. 1, p. G (1889). Pothomorphe suhpeltata Miq. Comm. Phyt. p. 37 (1840). G()LUNc;o Ai/ro. — A very elegant pepper, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem nodose ; spikes whiti^.h. lu primitive very shady forests by tlie 912 cviii, PiPERACE^. [Piper streams Cuango and Delamboa, rather rare ; fl. and f p. end of April 1855. No. 501. In fl. No. 6707- A herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; nodes reddish ; leaves very large, cordate, subpeltate ; spikes whitish, dichotomously cymose. By streams near Sange ; fr. April 1855. Coll. Carp. 939. PuN(;() Andongo.— In the shady forests of Mata de Pango in the prajsidium, sparingly ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 502. Welwitsch saw the plant also about Muxaulo. 2. P. guineense Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iii. p. 39 (1828) ; C. DC, I.e., p. 343. P. Clusii C. DC, I.e., p. 340; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 245. GoLUNGO Alto. — A suffruticose herb, almost a shrub, climbing high, or a shrub with its trunk an inch thick at the base and climbing to a great height on trees attaching itself by means of root-like fibres which are produced on all sides ; stem nodose ; leaves subcoriaceous,. glossy, faintly green ; drupes baccate, aromatic. In very dense elevated primitive forests in Sobato do Quilombo ; young plants, without fl. or fr. Feb. 1856 ; in the elevated forests of Quilombo- Quiacatubia, without fl. beginning of July 1855. No. 510. A robust shrub ; trunk 2\ in. in diameter at the base ; with adventitious roots climbing high on Monodora Myr'tstica Dun. (Welw. herb. no. 773, etc.) ; berries brick -red. In the forests of Sobato de Bumba, and more abundantly at Cucauengui in Sobato de Quilombo-Quiacatubia ;. fr. middle of July 1856. No. 508. A peppery shrub, climbing to a great height. In the forests of Quilombo-Quiacatubia, 1856 ; specimens of the stem. Coll. Carp. 983. A tall climbing shrub ; berries brick- red ; seeds strongly aromatic-acrid ; fr. 1856. Coll. Cakp. 940. Island of St. Thomas. — Berries round, orange in colour, call-ed "pimenta" (pepper). In dense forests at Fazenda de Monte CafEe ; fr. Dec. 1860. No. 509 and Coll. Carp. 941. This plant is called " Jihufo " or " Jihefu," pronounced Shihffu,. and furnishes true pepper a little smaller than the Indian pepper. The negroes call Urem sp. (Welw. herb. nos. 6268, 6279) wild or bastard Jiht'fo. 2. PEPEROMIA Ptuiz & Pa von ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 132. 1. P. pellucida H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 64 (1815) ; C DC in DC Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 402 (1869). Piper pellueidum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 30 (1753). Ambriz. — In the rocky forest between Ambriz and Quizembo, 100 to 150 ft. alt. ; Nov. 1857. Only one specimen saved during flight under pursuit by the Musulos. Apparently this species. No. 506- Cazengo. — A succulent, annual herb ; stems more or less decumbent or ascending, pale green, almost glassy-hyaline, angular, the angles decurrent from the sheaths of the leaves, narrowly winged ; leaves somewhat fleshy, green above, greenish white beneath, beset with very slender papillae or hairs ; ripe seeds fairly minute, blackish, almost precisely spherical. In very shady primitive forests by streams in Serra de Muxaulo ; rather rare ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 504. 2. P. exigua Miq. Syst. Piper, p. 77 (1843). Piper exiguuiii ^lume in Yerh.. Butsxv. Gen. si. p. 232 (1826). Micropiper exiguum Miq. Comm. Phyt. p. 55, t. 9, f. d (1840). Pepe7'omia] cvni. tu'EracEjE. 913 P. freirefp/olium Hochst. in PI. Schinip. Abyss, iii. n. 1942 (U. t., 1844). Peperomia Voijelii Miq. in Hook. Jjond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 413 (1845). P. freireafolia A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 274 (1851). P. e.ngna, fi. freireifoHa C. DC, I.e., p. 403. Pi'Ntid ANi)nN(;(i. -A glassy-brittle herblet ; stem pellucid, semi- cylindrical, marked with two wings due to the decurrent bases of the leaves ; one stamen seen to be exserted ; fruit globose-ovoid, borne on a bract. By damp rocks close to the stream Cilsalab'- to the south-west of the presidium, in masses : fl. middle of Jan. 18.')7. No. 503. 3. P. Holstii C. DO. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 22G (1894). P. Fernaiulopoimia var. a. C. DC. in Journ. Bot. iv. p. 134 (18GG). 1\ Fernamlopoana, var. ft. suhopacifolia C. DC. in DC. Prodr. svi. 1, p. 397 (18G9). PiNco Andonoo. — A succulent, brittle, dependent-ascending herb ; stem cylindrical, a little constricted at the nodes, fleshy, pale green or purplish, decumbent, rooting here and there ; leaves strongly shining, fleshy, blackish green and with impressed nervation above, whitish-pallid and with raised nerves beneath : flowering spikes greenish; berries ashy-violet or violet-blackish. On very shady rocks in Mata de Pungo in the prtesidium ; fl. and fr. March and middle of May 1857. No. 505. Island hk Si. Tho.mas. — In rather dense forests, at an elevation of 1800 ft., at Fazenda de Monte Gaffe ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 507. ('IX. MYRISTICACE^. 1. MYRISTICA L. Gen. PI. edit. 2, p. 524 (1742); Ludw. Delin. Gen. PI., edit. Boehmer, p. 513 (1760); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 13G. Comacitm Adan.s. Fam. PI. ii. p. 345 (17G3). Pycnanthus Warb. Monogr. Myrist. p. 130 (1897), & in Berl. Ber. Pharmac. Ges. 1892, p. 22G. Staudlla Warb. Monogr. p. 128. 1. M. angolensis Welw. in Synopse Explic. p. 51, n. 137 (1862) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 246 (1884); Christy, New Commerc. PI. no. 8, p. 26 (1885). J/yWsiJCrtcea Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 150 (1 Feb, 1859), it Apontam. p. 554 sub n. 115. M. Kombo Baill. Adan.sonia ix. p. 79 (1868). M. microcephala Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. p. 48. t. 12G1 (1878) Pycnanthus mia'ocephalus Warb. in Berl. Ber. Pharmac. Ges., I.e. P. Kombo Warb. Monogr. p. 252, aiul Muskatnuss, p. 374. t. 4, fig. 9 (1897), var. aiujolensis Warb. Monogi-. p. 257. GoLUXCid Ai.ro. — A vast, majestic tree, ."'.O to 80 or 100 or even 120 ft. high ; trunk reaching 3 to 5 ft. in diameter and more ; the head ovoid, loosely branched ; branches patent ; the branchlets shining and distichous ; leaves coriaceous, ferruginous-tomentose beneath, shining, distichous ; flowers on the branchlets of 2 or 3 years' growth, below the leaves, corymbosely clustered, apetalous, cinnamon-ferruginous or dusky yellowish with a red-cinnamon tinge ; the male flowers are arranged in large dense thyroid panicles and the whole panicles, and not the separate flowers, fall together ; forming heaps on the ground under the male trees, they resemble droppings of human ordure, hence 59 914 cix. MYRiSTiCACE/E. \_Myristica the negro name "Mutuje," or " Mutfige " or " Entuge," plural " Ma- tuge " (dirt tree) ; peduncles almost always unilateral, or rather the flowering branchlets are unilateral and secund ; berries ellipsoidal, ribbed, when ripe bivalved, green, aromatic ; aril fleshy, of a pretty rosy colour ; the segments vertically erect, here and there anastomosing among themselves, strongly aromatic but very bitter ; seed red-dusky, even when fresh readily inflammable and burning like tapers, abound- ing in a volatile oil. In primitive forests in the Sobatos of Bango, Quilombo, Bumbo, etc., plentiful ; fl. Jan. to March, fr. July and August 1855 ; also a young branch at the Cuango river, June 1856. No. 781 (581 in Herb. Kew.). In secondary woods at the base of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta : without fl. or fr., probably young states of this tree. Nos. 782^'- (Nov. 1855), 782/^ (May 185G), 782c and 782f/ (June 1856). In the Mata Grande de Queta ; fr. end of July. Coj.L. Cakp. 881. At Sange ; in fr. Coll. Carp. 882. This is the " Moscadeira Brava '' (wild nutmeg tree) of Angola; both the fruits and the nuts of this African species are smaller than those of the Indian nutmeg, and cannot rival the latter in aroma ; but they abound in oil, which in Welwitsch's opinion could be utilized for various domestic purposes, and probably also in pharmacy ; the trees are very productive, each one bears many alquiers (23 pints) of fruits (see Welw. Synopse, I.e.). The Lichen n. 115 grew on this tree in the praesidium of Pungo Andongo in May 1857. Island of St. Thomas. — In the primitive forests of Monte Caffe', at an elevation of 2000 ft. ; fr. without leaves or fl. Dec. 1860. Coll. Carp. 883. According to a MS. note of Welwitsch, " Muciila-sucu " is the Mutuge de Sange ; and in Sobato Bango it is called " Melevatango," or " M-levatango." In St. Thomas it is called " Cachao," and is used to make thin boards. 2. M. macrocarpa Welw. ex Christy, New Commerc. PI. No. 8, p. 27 (1885) ; non Blume. M. pterocarpa Welw. ex Warb. Monogr. Myrist. p. 243 (1897). Staudtia pterocarpa Warb., I.e., and Muskatnuss, p. 386. t. iv. fig. 11 (1897). Brochoneura pterocarjm Warb., I.e., t. viii. Island of St. Thomas.— A tall tree ; fruit quite 2| to 3 in. long by If to If in. in diameter, crustaceous-bivalved ; aril entirely capsuliform, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, at length deliquescent, bright scarlet, truncate at the mouth. In the primitive forest ; fr. Dec. 1860. Coll. Carp. 884. ex. LAURACEiE. 1. CINNAMOMUM Burm. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 155. 1. C. zeylanieum Blume, Bijdr. El. Ned. Ind. (xi.) p. 568 (1825) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 247 (1884). Laurus Cimmmomum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 369, n. 1 (1753). Arhor Ganella zeilanica Breyn in Epbem. Acad. Nat. Cur., ann. iv. & V. p. 139 (1676). Barra de Dande. — A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with a widely spreading head. Cultivated at the banks of the river Dande near Bombo by Senhor Antonio Dias ; fl. fallen Sept. 1858. Introduced from the Island of St. Thomas. No. 6431. Prince's Island. — Cultivated and ahnost wild ; fl. Sept. 1853. Fr. seen in the mountainous parts of the island. No. 6430. Pei-sea] ex. laurace.e. 915 L>. PERSEA Plum. ; Benth. c^- Hook. f. (Ji'ii. PI. iii. p. 15G. 1. P. gratissima Gaortn. f. Huppl. Carpol. p. 222. t. 221 (1.S07) ; Ficallu), PI. Utei.s p. 247 (1884); Hem-iques, Bol. Sue. Brot. x. p. 155 (1893). Island of St. Thomas. — A handsome evergreen tree of moderate height ; fruit like a large pear in size and shape : seed large, egi,'-shapcd, embedded in sweet-acidulous pulp. Cultivated on Monte C;ifl"i', about 2000 ft. alt. ; H. and fr. Doc. ISdO. Formerly introduced from IJrazil and tliriving well ; called " Al)ocate " or " Avacate," the alligator pear of the English. N.>. 6429. 3. CASSYTHA L. ; Benth. »k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 1G4. 1. C. filiformis L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 35 (1753). Cass>/(a (juiittensis Hchuni. ct Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iii. p. 2 19 '(1828). SiKKHA Lkonk. — In wooded mountainous places about Freetown, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 6426. PuNiiO ANnoNGO. — A climbing-twining plant, very densely covering the heads of trees and shrubs, as for instance " Muxillo-Xillo" (cf. Vitcr CieukDWiikii Kotsch. & Peyr.) and " Musu(;u " (cf. Gignlobinin abi/suhiirum), with coriacous tenacious golden-saffron, or like an egg- yolk in colour ; flowers pale yellow ; bracteoles at the base of the flowers about 3 ; style firm, acutely trigonous : fruit scarcely becoming baccate ; seeds with their outer coat horny-hard and thick, and thin inner coat membranous and whitish. By the banks of the river Cuanza in Sobato de Cavallo, 20 geographical miles distant from the pnesidium eastwards, sporadic but where present covering the broad heads of shrubs and trees with a golden yellow colour ; fl. and fr. 30 .Jan. 1857. No. 6428- On various trees close to the river Cuanza, between Condo and Quisonde, sporadic ; fl. and fr. 12 March 1857 ; also at Candambe near Sansamanda, plentiful ; fl. and fr. No. 6427. BEN(iUELLA. — In small maritime woods near the city of Benguella, parasitical on Acacia trees (cf. A. etlnniui Schweinf. ; Welw. herb. no. 1819), towards the river Catumbella ; fl.-bud June 1859. No. 6424. MossAMEDES. — A shrublet or at least it might be called an under- shrub, climbing far and wide and to a great height, green-yellow or bright orange ; flowers always yellowish ; berries greenish-yellow, hard. In thickets close to the banks of the rivers Bero and Giraul, ubiquitous, not uncommonly completely investing and overcoming species of A<-aci(i and Tnnuirij: (cf. A. albido Del., Welw. herb. no. 1824; and T. orie)itaI>s Forsk., Welw. herb. no. 108G) ; by the river Bero, July ; by the Giraul 19 July 1859 ; fl. and fr. No. 6425. 4. HERNANDIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. iii. p. 1(U. 1. H. beninensis Welw. ex Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 247 (1884) ; Henrique.s, Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 155 (1893). IsL.VNU OK St. Thomas. — Leaves spuriou.sly quinquenerved or sub- palmatinerved, subpeltate or obliquely seated on the petiole which is attached a little within the blade ; flower-buds compact, somewhat fleshy, greenish white : male flowers constantly trimerous ; the female flower intermediate. In the mountainous parts of the island, at an elevation of 1800 feet on Monte Caffe ; H.-bud Dec. 18G0. Negro name " Bunga." No. 1240. 916 CXI, PROTEACE.E. CXI. PROTEACEJ^v. Two suffruticose species of Leiicadendron L. occur in Angola proper ; they grow in great abundance, forming broad clumps on the rather dry hills and at the outskirts of forests in the neighbourhood of the great cataract of the river Cuanza from Bumba to near Quisonde ; a third species, which is a small tree, was met with in the forests of Pedras de Guinga, but without flower or fruit ; all the three species were found within the limits of an hour and a half's walk between Bumba and Condo, and there remained not the least trace of Proteacese elsewhere throughout the whole plateau of Angola proper. The Proteacese of Huilla are all with one exception very local and restricted to very limited districts ; the species of Faurea were seen in a very few stations and were represented by only few specimens, with the exception of F. saligna Harv. ; during Wel- witsch's frequent excursions, extending over eight months, across the wide highland plateau of Huilla, which is dotted with numerous mountain forests, he found only ten or twelve trees of one species of Leucadendron ; and a similar statement applies to a species of Faurea with leaves glaucous beneath. With reference to the peculiar geographical distribution of this Family in South Africa, Burchell remarked (Travels, i. p. 208) that on entering the Karro region, about 32° 40' S. Lat., " four of the strongest and most characteristic features of Cape botany, the Ericse, the Diosmse, and the Proteaceous and Eestiaceous tribes entirely disappeared," and that again seven degrees farther north Protea argentea L., the " wagenboom " of the Cape colonists, or at least a nearly related species, reappeared, although in the whole of the intervening country, where he botanized for two years, " this genus and several others which characterize the botany of the Cape were nowhere to he seen " (Burchell, I.e., ii. p. 475) ; Dr. Kirk reported only one Proteacea from the whole of Zambesia. In his letter addressed to Alph. de Candolle (in Archiv. So. Phys. Geneve, July 1861, p. 11), Welwitsch showed that his discoveries led to the conclusion that on the west side of Africa the Cape flora extends towards the north, but that on the east side the tropical flora extends southwards towards the Cape ; these observations thus confirmed the somewhat similar view of Dr^ge in Flora, 1843, Besond. Beig. ii. pp. 19, 20. In Welwitsch's opinion Proteacese are intimately related to Loranthacese ; compare the perianth of Faurea discolor Welw. ; Loranthacese, indeed, seem to be merely parasitical Proteacese. The scales or bracts subtending each flower in certain species of Faurea are really cupuliform, and are fixed on the rachis of the spike like an external calyx, possibly analogous to a corresponding condition in Tricalysia (Rubiacete). The hairs or beards of Proteacese are very changeable in colour ; they are sometimes Leiicadendroii] cxi. prutr,vce^. D17 however constant, and indeed in one s^^eeies, niimely Faurea aaligna Ilarv., the beard on the pistil sometimes remains white, while in other cases it turns tawny oi- rufous. The niar;,'inate condition of the leaves or otherwise is frequently a IkuI character and ditiicult to distinguish. The limb of the perianth in some species is circumscissile and deciduous. See Welw. Apontam. p. 548. n. 80, and p. 579. nota 9 (1859). In Huilla tlie Proteacea; are held in high esteem for lirewood, and Welwitsch from his own experience contirmed their reputation. 1. LEUCADENDRON L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 91 (1753), partly ; non E. Br. (1810); nee SalLsb. (1807). Lepidocarpus Adaus. Fam. PI. ii. p. 284 (1763). ProteAi R. lir. ; Benth. A- J look. f. (Jen. PI. iii. p. 109 ; non L. (1753). 1. L. angolense. Protect Aiujokiisls Welw. Apontam. p. 580. n. 30 (1859) (Protcea); Engl. llochgebirgsHora, p. 19G (1892). PuNco AM)()N(i(). — An undershrub, \h ft. high ; stems numerous from the polycephalous rootstock, straight or oblique, simple, one- headed, glabrous, greenish, sub-glaucescent , leaves glabrous, greenish, sub-glaucescent, acutely hyaline on the margin ; bead shortly- turbinate at the base ; the scales at first more or less silky-pubescent, soon glabrate, dusky reddish, the inner ones elongated, rather longer than the calyx, spathulate, densely silky-tomeutellous from the base to the middle : calyx 2| in. long, the lamiuiv; an inch long and bearded : style a little longer than the calyx ; stigma almost X in. long, sigmoid at the base, gibbous. In wooded places among low bushes, near Banza de Bumba and Condo, at an elevation of 3500 feet, plentiful ; fl. and young fr. end of March 1857. No. 1590. Leaves pale green ; flowers from whitish to rosy. At the outskirts of Legumiuosie forests (cf. Fterocarjius), the soil having a substratum of sandy schist, near the Condo cataract, at an elevation of 3400 feet, sporadic ; 11. March 1S.')7. A broad-leaved form. No. 1590i. An undershrub, 2 ft. high ; stems ciespitose : flowers white, the involucres purpUsh. In thickets near Bumba (Songo Condo), at 4000 feet altitude ; fr. March 1857. Coi.l. Carp. 887. At Condo ; fr March 1857. C<.Lh. Carp. 888. HiiLLA.— A small tree, G to 8 or rarely 10 ft. high ; trunk 3 to 4 in. in diameter, erect, loosely branched at the apex ; leaves hard, coriaceous, rigid, glaucous-green ; scales of the involucre velvety or silky-hoary or silky-pubescent, at length sometimes glabrate on the back and margin, the lower ones greenish, the upper ones white at the base and rosy at the apex, very rigid ; flowers whitish ; perianth-segments white, woolly, f to I in. long or rarely longer ; style whitish, 2i in. long, but little thickened at the base ; stigma i in. long, sigmoidly curved at the base ; coma of the fruit rufous-ferruginous, softly silky. At the outskirts of rather open forests, on sandy mould, at the river JNIonino : tl. and f r. Feb. 1860. No. 1598. A tree, 7 to 9 ft. high ; trunk straight ; flowers white, woolly ; involucral scales whitish-rosy. In light forests close to the river Monino : fl. beginning of March 18(50 ; fr. May 18(;0. Coi.l. Carp. 18. In the Monino forests ; fr. April 18G0. Coi.i.. Carp. 892. The specimens from Pungo Andongo appear to be dwarf forms of the species. The Fungus u. 154 grew on the leaves at Bumba in March 1857. 918 CXI. PROTEACE^. [Leucadendron 2. L. micans. Protea micans Welw., I.e., n. 31. PuNGO Andongo.^ — A -widely caespitose undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high and more ; rootstock hard-woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous, simple or rarely forked at the apex, shaggy ; leaves lanceolate, some- what rigid, silky-hoary in the living state with long adpressed whitish remarkably glistening hairs, crowded, subsessile ; flowers apparently white-rosy, not seen fresh ; heads sessile among leaves longer than themselves ; perianth elongated. In hilly places among low bushes near Bumba, between Quisonde and Condo, in company with L. angolense, seen only in one spot ; fr. March 1857. No. 1589 and Coll. Carp. 889. This and the last are the first two species mentioned by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 679, note 9, and p. 548, n. 80. 3. L. Welwitschii. Protea Welwitschii Engl. Hochgebirgsfloi\a, p. 19G (1892). HuiLLA. — A small tree, 12 to 20 ft. high or rarely more ; trunk nearly a foot in diameter at the base ; branches spreading, naked below, ramulose and leafy towards the apex ; flowers white ; perianth l|- in. long, hirsute or pilose with white hairs throughout ; the lobes f to I in. long, linear-oblong, not aristate at the apex but subulately cucullate-corniculate with the little horns concealed among the hairs ; the lip 3-lobed, densely and equally pilose on the whole of the outside including the middle of the back ; anthers shorter scarcely by j^ in. than the perianth-lobes, apiculate, the apiculus consisting of a tolerably large ovoid or elongated-ovoid erect brown somewhat fleshy obtuse gland ; anther-cells found empty in the bud, having dehisced and already shed their pollen ; style glabrous, 2^2 to 2i in. long, slender, somewhat compressed, furrowed in places, not or but little dilated in the middle, curved a little above the base, above the middle curved equally in the contrary direction, so as on the whole to describe as it were an elongated sigmoid bend ; stigma about f in. long, slender, gradually narrowed upwards, somewhat obtusely clavate-thickened at the apex. In one flower the tri-lobed lip of the perianth was some- what callous on the middle of the back, where appeared an obscure thick nerve. In the more open very mixed forests on a sandy clay soil, at No Monino near Lopollo, and at Quilengues ; fl. Feb. and end of March 1 BGO, plentiful. No. 1600. A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk 8 in. in diameter at the base ; ramification somewhat lax ; leaves dis- posed towards the tips of the branchlets, somewhat glabrous ; flowers white, rather rarely rosy ; perianth-segments all 4 densely white-shaggy, not tawny-silky on the back ; involucral scales obtuse, silky-shaggy on the margin. In the Monino forests behind Lopollo, on a sandy clay or mould, plentiful ; fl. Feb. to April 1860. A glabrateform. No. 1602- In the sunny rocky parts of open mixed forests on a sandy clay soil be- tween Lopollo and the Monino, sporadic. A half-naked form. No. 1604. The young plants appear to be very different in indumentum from the adult trees ; they are often nearly tomentose and subsequently silky-shaggy ; the leaves also are much narrower and more acute. Welwitsch noticed individuals on which one branchlet bore quite glabrous and another branchlet quite shaggy foliage. The following two Nos., without flowers or fruits, .should be compared with this species : — PuNGO Andongo. — A little tree, about 10 ft. high ; trunk straight, 1^ ft. in diameter at the base ; branches long, erect-patent ; Leucaclendron] cxi. proteace-E. 919 branchlets distant ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, greenish, glaucescent, glabrous on both faces. In an elevated forest, about 351)0 ft. eleva- tion, near Pedras de (Juinga, very rare ; fl. March 1K,07. No. 1591. This is the third species of the genus mentioned liy Wolwitsch, Apontam. p. 57'.', Note '.•, and p. 548, n. HO. Hrii.i.A. — A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, erect, sparingly branched : branches erect-spreading : probably a young tree. In a hot mixed forest from Catuml.a towards Hay; March 18G0. No. 1603. 4. L. leucoblepharum, Hiern, sp. n. A .small tree, 12 to 15ft. high; crown very lax; branches rambling, ascending, dusky, glabrato ; branchlets pubescent and densely leafy at the tip ; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less obtuse at the apex, wedge-shaped at the sul».ses.sile base, straight or subfalcate, pilose or both faces with spar.se hyaline glistening rather long adpre.ssed hairs, membranous- herbaceous, somewhat rigid, not coriaceous, spreading, ciliate on the white sub-membranous entire margin, 4 to 6 in. long by 2 to 1 in. broad ; midrib whitish-rosy or yellowish, evanescent toward the apex of the leaf ; flower-heads solitary at the apex of the branches of the previous year or accompanied by one or two lateral heads, obovoid-turbinate, about 2 in. long and broad ; flowers rosy ; involucral scales rosy, adpres.sed ; the outer ones broadly ovate, silky-tomentose on the back, very obtu.sc, densely ciliate with a whitish cottony margin ; the inner ones elongated, spathulate, about as long as the flowers, partly glabrate, bearded at the apex with rather long white hairs; perianth 1 \ to Ij^in. long, densely shaggy nearly througliout with spreading or some- what adpressed hairs ; the lobes I -to ;j in. long, linear, not aristate, in a hooded manner shortly corniculate with the little horns con- cealed by hairs, the intermediate one of the 3-lobed lip not shaggy but slightly pubescent or nearly bald on the back, rosy and without a nerve ; anthers about \ in. long, shorter than the perianth ; style naked, l\ to 1^ in. long, white, but little com- pressed-dilated in the middle, unisulcate especially toward the base, slightly curved under the stigma ; stigma ^ to j^ in. long, obtuse and subclavate at the tip, somewhat furrowed, sometimes gibbous at the base. HuiLLA. — In the more open of the Monino forests, sporadic ; fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 1599. In the open mixed forests between Lopollo and the Monino, in company with other forms of this or allied species ; fl. Feb. ISliO. A form with broader and glabrate leaves, probably of this species. No. 1601. Nearly related to L. Wihritsrhii, but differs by the cottony margins of the involucral scales and the less hirsute character of the intermediate lobe of the perianth-lip. Welwitsch thought that this tree might be Protea abyasiuica Willd., the Abyssinian name of which is " Gunguedi " ; he noted that the species, which is not rare in the mountainous part of the highland plateau of Huilla, is not there known by this name. 5. L. paludosum. Protea />ah((l(is(( Wclw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 19G, name only. 920 CXI. PROTEACE/E. [Leuccidendron A shrublet, ^ to 11 ft. high ; stems decumbent, densely leafy throughout, often almost hidden among grasses, shaggy, rather slender and wdry; leaves linear-oblong, mostly obtuse or sub- apiculate at the apex, obtuse sessile and but little narrowed at the base, coriaceous, rigid, thinly pilose on both faces, ciliate or ciliolate on the quite entire margin, 1 to 2^ in. long by ^ to | in. broad ; heads of flowers very large in comparison with the size of the plant, handsome, turbinate, fixed at a right angle to the erect stems at the apex ; involucral scales from whitish rosy to rosy purple, more or less obtuse, white-ciliate on the margin, the outer ones short ovate Avhitish at length dusky red and longi- tudinally plurisulcate-striate, the inner ones linear-spathulate or lanceolate erect much longer than the perianth and ranging up to 2i in. long ; perianth densely shaggy with white spreading hairs^ snow-white, Ih in. long or rather more ; the segments exaristate, h in. long, shortly subulate-apiculate ; anthers I in. long or rather more, linear, glabrous ; pistil 2 in. long ; ovary densely pilose with long stiff strong hairs, about I in. long ; style glabrous, tapering, about 1^ in. long; stigma h in. long, glabrous, narrow, truncate, capitellate at the apex. HuiLLA. — On the wooded spongy slopes of pastures at an elevation of 5200 to 5500 ft., in Mono de Lopollo, Feb. and March 1860, in company with species of terrestrial Utriciilnrw , Xyris, and Eriocau- lonese ; fl. Feb. and March 1860. No. 1596. A dwarf, decumbent undershrub ; heads comparatively very large, with white flowers. In damp wooded pastures, above 5200 ft. of elevation ; f r. May 1 860. Coll. Carp. 121 and 895. In marshy very elevated meadows in Morro de Lopollo ; fr. May 1860. Coll. Carp. 894. In Morro de Lopollo ; fr. Perhaps this species Coll. Carp. 893. 6. L. petiolare. Frotea ^^etiolaris Welw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 197. A tree, 12 to 20 ft. high ; trunk 1 to 1^ ft. in diameter at the base ; crown obo void- hemispherical, dilated, with spreading rambling glabrate branches; branchlets puberulous or shaggy, densely leafy ; leaves oblanceolate or narrowly elliptical, obtusely narrowed at the apex, attenuate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, narrowly and acutely margined, petiolate, 3 to 6 in. long (including the petiole of ^ to 1^ in.) by ^ to f in. broad, subfalcate, venulose on both faces ; heads of flowei's numerous, more or less obliquely placed at the ends of the branchlets, globose, whitish-rosy, handsome, almost hidden by the leaves ; involucral scales glabrous or adpressedly silky or ciliolate, the outer ones short ovate or semicircular, the inner ones narrowly obovate- oblong, ranging up to 2|- in. long, longer than or equalling the perianth ; perianth 1^ to 2^ in. long, partly shaggy at the back with long pilose hairs, the limb | to |^ in. long, quite glabrous or obsoletely and sparingly bearded at the apex ; anthers ^ in. long ; style If in, long, glabrous, straight but at the insertion of the stigma slightly sigmoid ; stigma I in. long, capitellate. HuiLLA. — In open forests, on a sandy mould, in Morro de Lopollo, Leucadendron] cxi. pkoteace^. 1)21 above 5G00 ft. of elevution ; tt. April IHOO. No. 1597- Forming little woods between Iluilla and the Monino ; fl. and fr. Nov. IHf/.tand Jan. ISGO. Coi.i.. C.MU>. HUG. 2. FAUREA llaiv. (1 to 4 ft. hif,'h ; stem erect : liranchlets very numerous, densely leafy, many-flowered ; leaves glaucous ; flowers deep yellow, the involucres dusky orange, at length dusky black. In thin forests from ^louiuo towards Quilengues ; fr. and few ti. April IHtiO. No. 6481. An erect, much-branched undershrub, woody at the base. In wooded places at the river Monino in the Quilengues country ; fr. April 18(10. Com.. Cai;i'. «8G. 2. G. fulgens Welw. Apoutam. p. 548 sub n. 79 (1859) {fulgene); Britten, Journ. Bot, xxxiii. p. 75 (March 1895). Chiidia sp., Welw. in Journ. Linn. Sec. iii. p. 155 (1 Feb. 1859). A rigid herb, 1 to 1.^ ft. high ; rootstock thick, woody, poly- cephalous, perennial ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, sub- \'irgate, more or less branched, glabrous, glaucescent ; branches erect or ascending, glabrous, densely leafy ; leaves alternate or crowded, sub-linear, acute at the apex, somewhat narrowed to the sessile base, glabrous, glaucescent, somewhat rigid, suberect or slightly diverging, \ to f} in. long by ^J^ to -j^ in. broad ; flowers about |- in. long, tetramerous, brilliantly scarlet, about 20 together arranged in terminal involucrate heads ; peduncles bare of leaves, ;} to 1 in. long, erect ; invohicral leaves (I, oval, obtuse at both ends, sessile, imbricate, glabrous or minutely glandular-scaly, striate-nerved, a little coloured about the apex and upper part of the margin, ^ in. long by ^ to \ in. broad ; perianth-tube about ?t inch long, often somewhat flexuous, clothed outside with white long or woolly hairs, glabrous inside, breaking across the middle ; the lobes of the limb obovate, rounded at the ape.x, about ^ in. long; scales ; stamens 8, in two rows, glabrous, all inclmled and reaching the same height, the ujiper 4 on short filaments opposite the perianth lobes and inserted a little below the throat, the lower 4 on longer filaments alternating with the others and inserted a little above the middle of the perianth-tube ; style included, glabrous, falling short of the stamens. Pi NGo Andongo. — At MutoUo, very rare, fl. Jan. 1857 : also in marshy meadows near Sobato N-billa, plentiful, fl. March 1857. No. 6483. 3. G. Welwitschii Iliern, sp. n. An erect, rigid shrublet or unilershrub or almost a shrub, 1 to 3 feet high, rootstock thick, woody ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, simple or branched ne;ir the base, or sparingly branched above, glabrous, virgate ; branches strict or erect, glabrous, leafy ; leaves alternate or crowded, linear, acute or pointed at the apex, somewhat nan-owed at the subsessile base, rigid, erect or suberect, glabrous, | to 'l in. long by .'^ to v}^ in. broad ; flowers scarcely ?, in. long, tetramerous, brilliantly vermilion or scarlet, about 24 together arranged in terminal involucrate heads, shortly pedicellate ; peduncles bare of leaves, very short, erect ; invohicral leaves about 8, oval-obovate, obtuse or miTcronate at the apex, somewhat narrowed towards the 924 cxii. THYMEL^.ACEiE. [Gnidia obtuse base, coloured orange or reddish, glabrous or minutely glandular-dotted, striate -nerved, 1 in. long by ^ to |- in. broad; pedicels rather thick, bearded at the apex ; perianth-tube slender, about ^ in. long, puberulous with short hairs outside, glabrous inside, breaking across below the middle ; the lobes of the limb broadly ovate, obtuse, yV in. long, pilose at the back ; scales short, inserted at the perianth-throat ; stamens 8, in two rows, glabrous, subsessile ; the upper 4 opposite the perianth-lobes inserted near the throat and with the tips of the anthers just exserted, the lower 4 alternating with the others inserted above the middle of the perianth-tube and with smaller anthers ; style apparently \'ery short ; fruit sub-ellipsoidal, obtusely somewhat prolonged at the apex, -^^ in. long, glabrous, surrounded at the base by the dense beard of the pedicel. HuiLLA. — In bushy pastures between Lopollo and Humpata, also in the open rather dry Monino forests, very plentiful ; fl. Jan. to April ; fr. April 1860. No. 6482. In sunny wooded places at the river Monino and near Lopollo ; fr. April 1860. Coll. Cakp. 15. A very brilliant species. 4. G. Rendlei Hiern, sp, n. A low shrublet ; rootstock woody ; stems prostrate or oblique, woody below, slender and Aviry towards the extremities and branches, glabrous ; branches densely leafy, prostrate or ascending ; leaves linear or nearly so, approximated, subacute or pointed at the apex, a little narrowed at the subsessile base, glaucous-green, somewhat rigid, i to f in. long by ^ to ^^ in. broad ; flowers bright orange in colour, brilliant, quickly withering, marcescent, about 20 to 25 together crowded in sessile or subsessile involucrate upturned heads which terminate the branches or short lateral .shoots ; pedicels very short, rather thick, pilose at least at the apex ; involucral bracts 6, obovate-oblong, sessile and obtuse at the base, apiculate at the obtuse apex, glabrous, striate-uerved, i in. long by i in. broad ; perianth tetramerous, 4 to i in. long ; the tube slender, pilose outside with white woolly hairs, glabrous inside, breaking transversely below the middle ; the lobes roundly ovate, yrr in. long ; scales at the throat or obsolete ; stamens 8, in two rows, the upper 4 ojiposite the perianth-lobes inserted just below the thi-oat and wdth the upper part of the anthers exserted, the lower 4 alternating with the others inserted above the middle of the tube and with smaller wholly included anthers ; filaments very short ; style short, included in the perianth-tube below its transverse fracture, glabrous. HuiLLA. — In hilly places where the mould is mixed with sand, among low bushes between MumpuUa and Nene, plentiful, in company with species of Thesium (cf. T. lopolhnse ; Welw. herb. no. 6437) and Acanthacece (cf. Thunhergia amjoletinis S. Moore ; Welw. herb. no. 5037) ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 6478. In hilly rocky sunny places among short bushes, between Lopollo and Catumba, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. end of Nov. 1859. No. 6477- Clutia beiiguelensis Muell. Arg., Welw. herb. no. 338, in rocky 1 Gnidia] cxii. tiiymki-.<:a(e,e. 925 thickets near Miiiiipulla in Oct. 185',', grew in comi)aiiy witli a (iuidta, probably this species. 5. G. Hoepfneriana (Jili: in En^'l. Bot. Juhil). .xix. p. L>G8 (21 Aug. ]8;il). Lasiosiphon Ifoepfneriannn Vatke ox Oilg, I.e. HriLL.v. — Perianth pentamerous, sulphur in colour. In dry bushy sandy-earthy places between Murapulla and Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859. No. 6479. An undershrul>, with erec-t sparingly branched stems and yellow Howers : fr. Nov. \Xi>\). (Jki.i,. C.\i;r. KH;'). An erect undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. hiyh ; stems several from a big rhizome, sparingly branched ; flowers seen only in a withered condition having apparently been yellow ; heads in fruit thick. In rocky bushy |)a8ture8 near Mumpulla, sporadic ; late fl.and infr. end of Oct. 1851). No. 6476. The following No. i.s apparently an nmle.scribed species of Gnidia, related to ArtJirusoleiiJlavus llendle : — HuiLLA. — Stems several from a woody rootstock, .suberect, glabrous, leafy, simple below, branched above ; branches erect, leafy, glaucescent ; leaves oblanceolate, very obtuse at the apex, narrowed to an obtuse shortly petiolate base, glabrous, glaucescent, ^ to Ij in. long by j'^ to \ in. broad ; fruiting peduncle nearly 15 in. long, erect, very sparingly pilose, nearly glabrate, dusky in the dry state ; involucral leaves about 4. broad, dusky when dry, nearly glabrate ; pedicels short, hispid with long white erect hairs at the apex. In hilly bushy places about the lake of Ivantala ; after the fall of the fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 6480. CXIII. LORANTHACE.^. The number of species and also that of individuals of the same species increase progressively from the sea coast towards the highlands of the interior, and culminate in the mountainous forests of the districts of Pungo Andongo and liuilla at an elevation between 4000 and 6000 feet. Nearly all the species are erect or more or less spreading shrubs fiom 1 to 2t, ft. high, but one species forms a pendulous shrub with slender branches 4 to 6 ft. long. Most of the species of Loranthus as well as the single species of ViHcuni grow on the lower or higher or even on the top branches of evergreen trees, and less frequently on deciduous trees ; only a few brilliantly flowering species occur in the torrid and treeless coast region, at the base of low shrubs of jNIalvaceie and Petalidiinu very much in the same manner as Cytinus Jli/pocistns L. grows on Cistus on the sandy plains of Portugal ; sometimes in the hot littoral region a beautiful Loraidhus is met with growing, not at the base, but on the middle branches, or even on the main stem of low slender twiggy shrubs, and in such cases the combination of the bright green and broad-leaved parasite ;ind its gay crimson flowers with the thinner and dillereutly shaped foliage of the foster plant, forms one of the most striking features of parasitic vegetation along the sea coast of Benguella and ^lossamedes ; for instance, a small bush of Gossupiuui or allied genus, only 2 to 3 ft. high, bore several stems of a pink-flowercd Loranthus nearly a foot 926 CXIII. LORANTHACE^. long; and again several low shrubs of the intensely glaucous T'amaW*- oinentcdis Forsk. had nearly all its principal branches decked with dense patches of the splendid yellow flowers of another Loranthus. The majority of the species in Angola have brilliant pink or scarlet flowers, but several have them golden or orange-coloured, and nearly all produce a profusion of flowers. The principal flowering season coincides in Angola with the spring, that is, from September till November, but many of the finest species continue their blooming almost thi'oughout the summer, when they may be seen not uncommonly covered with ripe fruits at the base, while they are still in full flower at the top of the same branch. The yellow-flowered kinds, however, seem to begin their season much later, for several golden-blooming species open their flower in June and July, which in Angola is the very middle of the dry and cool winter. All the species have fleshy and rather broad leaves and vary considerably in colour, being in some species dark shining green, in others glaucous-green, and in a few species they are covered with a grey tomentum. Although some evince a decided preference for particular species of trees, not rarely the same species of Loranthus is found growing on trees belonging to quite different species or genera or even orders of plants ; the pendulous Loranthus, however, was observed exclusively on a Ficus, while the Viscuin affected only the arborescent Composite Tarchonanthus camploratus L. The forest trees most frequently inhabited by Loranthaceae are Adansonia digitata B. Juss., several of the larger trees of the orders Leguminosse, Combretacese, Sterculiacese, and Sapindacese, as well as many of the various fig trees, while in the southern parts of Benguella and near Cabo Negro many beautiful species of Loranthus may be observed on Tamarix orientalis Forsk. ; on the other hand a Loranthaceous parasite was never seen on trees belonging to the orders Anonacese, Hypericacese, Rutacese, or Euphorbiacese, although each of these orders is rather copiously represented by large and mostly evergreen trees in the forests of the Angolan highlands. Scarlet-flowered species of Loranthus were frequently seen to infest introduced trees, such as the Orange, Lemon, and Ficus Carica L., and it seems that these curious parasites emigrate with a kind of predilection from their original habitations to neighbouring fruit trees ; on one occasion a whole orchard of orange trees was invaded with a bloodred- flowering Loranthus, and in another instance most of the trees in a fig-plantation were covered with a grey-leaved and yellow- flowering species ; it seems also that the nature of the sap of the foster tree exercises little influence upon the vegetation of Loranthacese, for in several cases the same species grew with equal vigour on Adansonia which has a watery juice as on fig-trees of which the sap is milky and glutinous. This fact suggests the possibility and even the facility of introducing these pretty parasites into European gardens and conservatories, where they would furnish with theii- graceful forms a pleasing variety and Loranthus] cxiii. loiiantiiace.k. 'J27 contrast. The species of Loranthus mostly prefer partial shade, while some like a denser shade and others ayain full li^'ht. Welwitsch suS'>/cophila Welw. ex Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xli. p. 485 (Sept. 1894). Acrostachys Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 504. Agelaiithiis Van Tieghem, I.e., xlii. p. 24G (June 1895). Onco- calyx Van Tieghem, I.e., xlii. p. 258 (June 1895). Phragmanthera Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 2G1. Metula Van' Tieghem, I.e., p. 263. Septimetula Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 266. Tapinanthus Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 267. Aerostephanus Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 267. 1. L. combretoides Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtrag, p. 128 tSycophila combretoides Welw. ex Van Tieghem, I.e., xli. p. 486. L. Mannii, var. combretoideus Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 81 (16 Nov. 1894), non Oliv. PuNGO AxDONGO. — Sarmentose-scandeut, with the habit of a Cmn- hrettan ; branches 6 ft. long, hanging down and waving in garlands : flowers fleshy-coriaceous, yellowish, tetramei'ous, racemose ; anthers ■J-celled. the cells with several subsidiary cells, almost honeycombed. On the island of Calemba, between Quisonde and Condo. in the river Cuanza ; growing on the long pendulous sarmentose branches, scarcely as thick as a finger, of Ficus pendulu Welw. ex Van Tieghem., I.e., p. 48G, Welw. herb. no. 0359 ; fl. March 18o7. No. 4852. 2. L. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p, 87, t. 1, tig. B. (10 Nov. 1894). Oneocabjx Welicitschii Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlii p. 740 (1896). Mossamedes.— A shrublet, 1 to 2i ft. high, branched from the base ; 928 cxiii. LORANTHACE^. [Loranthus branches patent, virgate, dusky-black ; leaves glaucous, fleshy, brittle,, ovate-lanceolate : flowers yellow ; perianth-tube whitish and inflated at the base, above narrowed and green, then during the flowering obliquely bent ; the lobes 5, yellow ; ovary green, narrowly ellipsoidal and scarlet when ripe, one-seeded. By the rocky sides of the river Bero, parasitical on the branches of Tamarix orientalia Forsk. (see ante p. 55) ; fl. and fr. end of July 1859. The swelling of the branchlet of the matrix at the base of the attached parasite is nearly spherical, a» large as a moderate-sized walnut, depressed, and very hard, though juicy. No. 4883. 3. L. glaucocarpus Peyr. in Sitz. Akad. Wien, xxxviii. p. 571 (1860), ex descript. L. cistoides Welw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 103 ; Phragmanthera sp.,. Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlii. p. 262 (June 1895). PuNGO An'Dongo. — An intricately branched shrublet, 1 to 3 ft. high, whitish-tomentose throughout ; flowers of a wine-orange colour ; fruit blue when ripe. On the small tree " Molulu " in Compositse (cf . Vernonia senegalemis Less. ; ante p. 528) and on Citrus Medica L., frequent on the latter ; fl. and young fr. end of Oct. 1856. No. 4848. A much- branched shrublet, 1 to 3 ft. high, scaly-hoary throughout ; perianth- tube from greenish to very pale yellow, tomentose outside, the lobes at the apex spathulate and rosy purple. On various trees such as Citrus Aurantinm L., C. Medica L., Spondias Momhin L. (" Munguengue " cf. Welw. Coll. Carp. 359), Gardenia (cf. Raudia andongensiH Hiem "Welw. herb. no. 3096), and on cultivated plants of Ficus Carica L. : far too abundantly infesting the prsesidium ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857 Seen also on Dichroatachys platycarpa Welw. herb. no. 1797. No. 4847. Benguella. — In open sandy maritime forests near Benguella, together with two other species of Lorantlms, parasitical on Cordia (cf. ante, p. 713) ; fl.-bud June 1859. No. 4853. MossAMEDES. — Flowers yellow, always veiny. By the banks of the river Maiombo below Cazimba on the branchlets of Tamarix orientalise Forsk. ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4857. Welwitsch proposed to place this species in a new subsection of the genus, with the character : — Flowers pentandrous, fasciculate 3 or 4 or rarely more together, each flower provided with a leaf-like bract. 4. L. fulvus Engl., I.e. Phragmanthera sp., Van Tiegh., I.e. HuiLLA.— A beautiful plant with orange-coloured flowers. In the Monino forests, growing on Dodonaia viscosa Jacq. (Welw. herb. nos. 1691 and 1692 ; ayite, p. 172) and on a Combretacea (cf. Comhretum holosericeurn Sond. ; ante, p. 350 ; Welw. herb. no. 4379), seen nowhere else ; fl. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 4886. 5. L. cinereus Engl., I.e., p. 103. t. 2, fig. C. Phragmanthera sp., Van Tiegh., I.e. MossAMEDES. — A densely branched shrublet, 1 to IJ ft. high ; leaves fleshy, brittle, pals green, flowers pallid rosy, floccose-hoary, purple inside ; stamens and style orange-coloured. Near S. Joao do Croque, Rio Croque, Cabo Negro, plentiful, growing on Tamarix orientalis Forsk. (cf. ante, p. 55) and the Composita " Quitoco " (cf. Pluchea Dioscoridis DC. ; ante, pp. 557-558) ; fl. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 4884. 6. L. Sterculiae Hiern, sp. n. A parasitical shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high ; branches dusky or ashy, Loranthus] c\in. lorantiiacE/E. 'J2'J asperulous ; branclik'ts mostly spreading horizontally, strongly tuberculate, puberulous with small compound articulate pallid hairs, leafy ; leaves alternate or oftener ternate or even (jiiai-ternately sub-verticillate, ovate-oblong, more or less obtuse at the apex, nearly rounded or subcordate at the base, coriaceous, very bright green above, pallid and lepidote-lioary beneath, 2 to 3 in. long by rj to I't in. broad, entire and narrowly revolute on the margin, the younger ones whitish-tomento.se on l)oth faces : petiole 'j to 1 in. long, more or less hairy or scaly ; Howers 1 ,' to 2 in. long, sulphur-yellow, shortly pedunculate, very densely clustered in fascicles, tonientose ; the perianth straight, odobed ; the lobes valvate in .'estivation, line;ir-spathulate, .! in. long; the tube narrowly cylindrical, about 1 Mn. long, lO-nerved, sliglitly tapering from the middle downwards, somewhat thickened about the base, stellate-hairy outside, minutely puberulous-scaly inside ; epicalyx short, whitish-tomentose; anthers -}^ in. long ; fdaments .stout, inserted about the throat of the perianth, twisted, i; in. long, not toothed at the apex ; style nearly etjualling the perianth ; flower- buds yellow, rigid, Heshy ; young fruit } in. long. GoLUNGO Ai/ro. — On wooded slopes by the river Delamboa, growing on a Stcrcului (Bondo i;i Molemba ; of. ante, p. 82) and other deciduous trees and usually clothing with its dense mass the topmost branches of their heads : H. beginning of Sept. 1855. No. 5283. In fore.sts at the right bank of the river Delamboa on Sterculias and Acacias ; young fr. Jan. 185G. No. 5284. On the right hand side of the Ambaca road, growing as it seemed exclusively on the upper branches of a Malpighiaceous (?) tree ; fl. 13 Sept. 185G. Xo. 5285. Nearly related to L. cinereus Engl. 7. L. Zygiarum Iliern, sp. n. A parasitical shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, growing on the branches of a species of Albizzia; branches dusky, rambling, quite patent, rigid, tuberculate; In-anchlets at the extremities and young parts puberulous or tomentellous ^\'ith short stellate or articulate tawny hairs; leaves opposite or subalternate, crowded, oval, rounded or obtuse at both ends, fleshy-coriaceous, subglaucous-green, without gloss, glabrous or nearly so above, more or less spread with small scattered stellate -scales beneath, l]-to 2^ in. long by 'i to InV in. broad ; petiole ] to f in. long ; flowers splendidly scarlet, about 1^ in. long, slender, glabrous or nearly so, on short pedicels arranged in lateral clusters several together on the l>ranchlets ; epicalyx sub-hemispherical, green, small, wavy at the short free entire margin ; bracts small; perianth-tube about IJ, in. long, about ■— in. in diameter, cylindrical throughout or very little dilated about the top ; the lobes 5, sublinear, broader at the base, slightly spathulate towards the apex, about ] in. long ; fllaments 5, glabrous, opposite to the perianth-lobes, ] in. long, rather thick, twisted, in.serted about the throat, not toothed at the apex ; anthers -^., in. long, glabrous, attached at the base ; style glabrous, about equalling the perianth ; young berries globose, green. GoLUNCio Ai.To. — By the banks of the river Delamboa rather rare, GO 930 CXIII. LORANTHACE.«. [Lomilthus and in the Capopa forests rather plentiful ; fl. and young f r. beginning of Nov. 1855. No. 5281. Related to L. oreophilm Oliv., but the leaves are very obtuse. 8. L. anguliflorus Engl., I.e., p. 107. HuiLLA. — Flower-buds yellow-reddish, verging on scarlet. In wooded mountainous places at the lake of Ivantala, growing on a Caesalpiniaceous tree with the habit of a tamarind (cf. Bmclnjstegia taniarmd Okies Welw. herb. no. 585 ; ante^ p. 301) ; fl.-bud end of Feb. 1860. No. 4887. 9. L. angolensis Engl, I.e., p. 101. Metula sp.. Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 263, GoLixGO Alto.— A bard, woody shrublet, 2 to 3 in. high ; branches twisted ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, somewhat glossy above, more or less ferruginous-tomeutose beneath ; flowers orange-brickred, somewhat rigid and dry, brittle. In rather elevated forests in Sobato Quilombo, parasitical on " Musondo," that is, P.^rudosprmdias m'icrocarpo Engl. (See ante, pp. 176, 177) ; fl. middle of July 1856. No. 4844- Benguklla. — Between Benguella and the river Catumbella, growing on a species of Cordia ; without either fl. or fr. June 1859. Deter- mination doubtful. No. 4870. 10. L. Engleri Hiern. L. emarginatus Engl., I.e., p. 100; non Swartz (1788). Sejytimetula sp.. Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 266. PuNGO AxDOXGo. — Stems 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves glossy ; flowers from blood-red to scarlet. In the presidium growing on Sapotaceous plants (cf. Chrij^Dphylhun cbiereum Engl. ; Welw. herb. no. 4823 ; ante, p. 640), rather rare ; fl. Nov. 1856. No. 4849. 11. L. cinnameus Hiern, sp.n. A rigid, comparatively robust shrub, with nearly straight and svxbglabrescent branches patent or spreading at about half a right angle with the stem ; branchlets tomentose -with rufous stellate jointedrather short hairs ; internodes mostly shorter than the leaves, rather thickened ; leaves opposite, patent, subsessile, ovate-oblong, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, fleshy-coriaceous, dark or glaucous green, glabrous or glossy above, paler or brown and shortly stellate-tomentellous sometimes almost obsoletely so beneath, 3 to 5 in. long by 1 to 11 in. broad, the young ones densely clothed with a cinnamon-coloured tomentum ; young fruits ellipsoidal or obovoid, very shortly pedicellate, arranged several together in subsessile clusters lateral on the branchlets in the axils of fallen leaves, densely clothed with a cinnamon- coloured tomentum consisting of rather short branched jointed stellate hairs, about i in. long, i in. broad, i in. thick, surmounted with a short saticer-shaped rim about Jv in. in diameter surround- ing the base of the fallen style. PuNGO Andongo. — In the little woods of the praesidium, very rare, growing on Spoudiaceas (Mucumbi), (cf. Calesiam unti scorbutica, ante, p. 179) ; young fr. March 1857. No. 4846. Appears to be related to L. hirsutissimns Engl. There is a specimen in the National Herbarium in flower from the Congo collected by Christian Smith which perhaps belongs to this species. Loranthus] cxiii. LouANTriACE.i-:. 031 12. L. brunneus Engl., I.e., p. H,s. Ayelanthus hruaueus Van Tiegli., I.e., p. 738 (189G). Pi'N(;o ANitoNiio. — An erect or ascending shrub, growing in masses as if forming thickets on the branches of Leguminous and other trees ; leaves compactly coriaceous, with molastomaceous nervation ; Howers blood-red, often densely covering chieHy the lateral branchlets. In the forests of Pedras de Guinga and Mutollo, growing on (Ja^salpinicai with a tamarind-like habit (of. Brurht/xfeijin tamariiidiiiddi "\Velw. ; and Welw. herb. no. 572, aide, p. 302) ; scarcely well-developed fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4850. 13. L. Henriquesii Engl., I.e., pp. 88-89, a.s to n. 4885, not as to n. 4881. HriLLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy. Near Mumpulla, on Panda trees (cf. Bruchysteifia Kjiiccrforui'm Benth. ; Welw. herb. no. 578 ; ante, p. 300) ; fl'.-bud Oct. 1850. No. 4885. 14. L. glomeratus Engl., I.e., p. 89. L. Henriquesii Engl., I.e., pp. 88-80, as to n. 4881, not as to n. 4885. A(jela7ithits glomerulus Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 738. HriLLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy (?). In Panda forests, on Gardenia Joci.'i-toyiantis Hiern, Welw. Coll. Carp. 168 (partly), ante, p. 4G1 ; near the lake Ivautala ; not yet in good fl. end of Feb. 1800. No. 4880- In forests between Nene and Jau, on Parinari Mohnla Oliv. (cf. Welw. herb. no. 1282 and Coll. Carp. 1 ; ante, p. 320) ; in young fl.-bud Aj)ril 18(30, No. 4881. In forests about LopoUo ; in young fl.-bud Dec. 1859. No. 4881 Z'. This .species should perhaps be reduced to the last, but if distinct No. 4881 is better placed here. 15. L. GilgiiEngl., I.e., p. 91. Agelanthus Gilgii Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 738. HriLLA. — A very elegant much-branched shrublet ; leaves glaucous : flowers white, purplish at the base and apex. On trees of Comljretace:u (cf . Comhretum hohixericenin, Sond. : ante, p. 350 ; Welw. herb. no. 4370) plentiful, and on Mimosea3 (cf. Acacia robnda Burch. ; Welw. herb, no. 1833 ; ante, p. 314) rarely ; in the LopoUo country : fl. Dec. 1850. Not uncommonly in company with three or even four other species of Loranthus. No. 4893. 16. L. Buchneri Engl., I.e., p. 114, partly, t. 2. fig. E. Amp.i;!/.. — A shrub, virgate-erect, 3 to G ft. high, .sparingly and patently branched : leaves rigidly coriaceous, from glaucous to green ; flowers peach-red, the older ones turning to orange-scarlot : berries fi'om red to green when ripe. In maritime thickets composed of a Celastrinea (cf. Gi/mnoi^jxiria seneijalcnxis Loesener ; ante, p. 145; Welw. herb. no. 13G1) behind the port of Ambriz, growing parasitically at the roots of a IMalvacea (probably a species of Sida) though at first sight terrestrial and not parasitical ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 4842. A shrub 5 to 7 ft. high ; leaves opposite, fleshy, glaucous ; flowers axillary, subsessile, tubular, red. At the mouth of the river Loje, not obviously parasitical ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. Coll. Caui'. 037. No. 4854, which is also quoted by Engler, I.e., p. 115 for this species, has sessile and more crowded leaves and the flower-buds are rounded and not truncate at the apex ; I have referred it to L. scssHifolius Pal. Beauv. 932 cxiii. LORANTHACE.E. [Lorcmthus 17. L. constrictiflorus Engl., I.e., p. 119. t. 3, fig. B. GOLUXGt) Alto. — A shrublet, 3 ft. high and more ; leaves glaucous- green, fleshy-coriacous ; flowers prettily red. Throughout the elevated region of Sobato de Quilombo, 2200 feet altitude, plentiful, growing on various wild and cultivated trees ; also on wild orange-trees ; fl. end of Jan. 1855. No. 5282. I have not seen the types of this species, which belong to Central Africa and Angola, but the description and figure agree fairly well with Welwitsch's plant. 18. L. sessilifolius Pal. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 8. t. 63 (1807). L. Buchneri Engl., I.e., pp. 114-115, as to n. 4854, not as to n. 4842. Benguella. — Flowers blood-red. In sandy thickets near Benguella, growing on the Acanthaceous shrublet PetaUdium glaiuluhmun S. Moore, ante, p. 810 (which was a smaller and weaker plant than its parasite) ; fl. June 1859. No. 4854. Bumbo. — Branches spreading. Near Bruco, growing on a species of Eugenia (cf . E. henguellensh Welw. herb. no. 4394 ; ante, p. 360) ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4862. A glaucous shrub ; flowers blood-red, sub- sessile, bracteate at the base ; bracts cup-shaped forming a double epicalyx. In Serra da Xella above Bruco, growing on various trees ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4863. HuiLLA. — Flowers splendidly blood-red. In the more elevated parts of Morro de Lopollo, growing on Parinari Mohola Oliv. (cf . ante, p. 320) ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 4866. A much-branched shrublet, 1 to U ft. high ; leaves glaucous ; flowers blackish purple ; perianth-lobes green before expansion ; anthers red ; stigma green-purplish. In the Lopollo country, plentiful, growing on Combretaceje ; fl. 2 Dec. 1859. No. 4865. Stems rigid, brittle, longitudinally rugulose, ashy ; leaves fleshy- coriaceous, glaucous, very brittle ; flowers bloodred-purple, very hand- some. In very elevated parts of Morro de Lopollo, growing on ProteaceiB ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 4867. 19. L.Meyeri Presl, Bot. Bemerk. p. 76 (1844), in Abh. Bohm. Gesellsch. Wissensch. ser. 5, iii. p. 506 (1845). L. namaquensis Harv. in Harv, & Send. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 577 (1862). L. olecefolius E. Mey. ex Harv., I.e. ; non Cham. & Schlecht. (1828). Yar. ligustrifolius (Engl., I.e., p. 120). Benguella. — Flowers blood-red. Between Benguella and the river Catumbella, sporadic, growing on a species of Acacia with yellow heads of flowers (cf. A.etbaica Schweinf. ; ante, p. 314 ; Welw. herb. no. 1819) ; fl. Jime 1859. No. 4882. MossAMEDES. — A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched from the base, growing on low shrubs ; branches dichotomous, as well as the branchlets brittle ; leaves glaucous, somewhat fleshy ; flowers somewhat fieshy, green at the base and at the apex, somewhat ventricose and purple in the middle. In sandy places by the river Bero, on Gomypium or allied genus ; fl. beginning of July 1859. No. 4858. A shrublet, 1 to 2| ft. high, branched from the base ; leaves succulent, glaucous ; flowers brilliantly bloodred-purple. Near Cavalheiros, growing on an arbor- escent species of Cordia (cf. ante, p. 713) ; fl. beginning of July 1859. No. 4859. Flowers blood-red. By the banks of the river Maiombo growing on various Mimosas and other trees ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4860- A shrublet, as brittle as glass. By the river Maiombo, growing on " Umpeque " shrubs {Xlmenia americana L, ; ante, p. 140 ; Welw. herb. Loi'cinthus] cxiii. lorakthace.e. 933 no. 1130), rare and seen only on one shrub; few li.-buds Oct. 1859. No. 4861. Berries green-purplish. At the ]\rai(jml)o, climbing on Tcunur'/.r (cf. 7'. nricntnlis Forsk. : ant<; p. 5.') ; Wt-lw. herlj. no. HW]) and on " Umpeque " ; fr. Oct. 1S")9. No. 4855- A very rigid sbrublet, U ft. high: stem and branches .swelling in the niiddle : leaves lanceolate, glaucous, very sparse, erect : Howlts blood-n-d. On the mountainous parts of Cazimlxv not far from the banks of the river IMaiombo, not plentiful, growing on the branchlets of Mimosas ; H. and very few leaves Oct. 1^59. No. 4876. A slender, glaucous, virgately branched shrublet, 1 ft. high. In bushy sandy jjlaces at the banks of the river Maiombo, near Pedra de Sal, growing on shrubs of 01acine;i; (cf. Xiimnid timerii-cuia L., «/(/*', p. 140); in young ti.-bud Oct. 18o9. No. 4856. Hrii.LA. — A branched shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stem nodose, brittle ; branches ascending, reddish dusky ; leaves glaucous. Near Humpata, j>arasitical on 0.s7/?vsrtZ';/.ss////<'« Hochst.(Wehv. herb. no. (Ui^S) : without tl. or fr. end of Oct. 1859. Apparently this species. No. 4879. Apparently on the leaves of this plant the Fungus n. "Jl'J grew at Cavalheiros in July 1859: it is, probably, this species of Lnvantlmsi^ the seeds of which are enveloped in a very sticky gummy matter, -which is used as birdlime and also as gum for sealing letters. See Monteiro, Angola, ii. p. 205 (1875). 20. L. bumbensis lliorn, sp. n. A smooth, somewhat pallid, but little branched shrub ; branches nearly straight ; internodes, at least the upper ones, shorter than the leaves ; leaves mostly opposite or nearly so, spreading, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse at the apex, broad near or not far from the obtuse or nearly rounded base, fleshy-coriaceous, glabrate, minutely glandular-scaly, shortly petiolate, 1 to 21 in. long by ^ to 1 1 in. broad; petiole about i in. long; flowers about 12 in. long just before expansion, \l in. long when the lobes are reflected, brilliant, blood-red, several together in abbi^eviated axillary cymes; peduncles and pedicels very short, puberulous, rather thick ; bracts cupular, usually with a small deltoid lip on one side, puberulous ; calyculus with a small free wavy or lobulate ciliolate cup-shaped border, pulierulous outside ; perianth tubular, puberulous outside ; the tube \\-ith a globular enlargement (i in. in diameter) at the base, then abruptly contracted and narrowly funnel-shaped above, at length split down one side, and spreading out nearly flat above ; the lobes 5, linear-spathulate, fleshy, thickened and pointed at the apex, about | in. long, at length revolute at or below the middle ; filaments 5, rather shorter than the perianth-lobes, each with a short tooth at the apex, for .some time connivent, at length free and separate and much curved in the open flower ; anthers yV in. long ; style puberulous, equalling the (straightened) perianth, angular about the top of the included portion, thinner above ; stigma exserted. BuMHo.— Near Bumbo, parasitical on Acacias ; fl.Oct. 1859. No. 4864 Nearly related to L. Mnjiri Presl. 21. L. dependens Engl., I.e., p. 117. L. peHclulus Welw, ex Engl., I.e. ; non Sieb. Aci'ostephanus cle- j^endensYsin Tieghem in Bull. 8oc. Bot. Fr. xlii. p. 2G8 (June 1895). 934 cxiii. LORANTHACE>E. [Lorantlms PuNGO Andongo. — A shrub of 4 to 10 ft. high, hanging a long way down ; leaves glossy, deep green ; flowers very crowded, deep blood-red, very handsome. Near Mutollo and at Candumba, growing on a species of Citrus and on the Leguminosa called " Mucumba " (cf. Tounatea madagascar'mida Taub. ; ante, p. 286) ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4851. 22. L.BelvisiiDC.Prodr.iv.p.303(1830);Engl.,Z.c.,p.l08.n.67. L. lanceolatus Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. ii. p. 8. t. 64 (1807) ; nou Ruiz & Pavon (1802). GoLUN(i(> Alto. — Leaves subglaucous-green ; flowers scarlet. In elevated situations among the Queta mountains, growing on aged trees of F'lcus (cf. F. trachypliiilhi Fenzl ; Welw. herb. no. 6389) ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5279. A sbrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches I in. in diameter at the base ; branchlets flexuous-twisted, rigid, ternately or quaternately verticillate, covered with a grey corky-scarred bark ; leaves opposite, fleshy, brittle, ovate or ovate-oblong, glaucous-green, almost without gloss, pervaded with sordidly purple veins, nearly always mutilated by insects ; flowers fleshy, purple, pubescent ; perianth-segments linear-spathulate, cohering in a long tube, at the time of the flowering with the tube burst at the apex into 5 strictly reflected lobes ; filaments comparatively long, equal, 5, erect in the bud and embracing the style, twisted inwards spirally and elastic at the time of the flower ; anthei's rosy, oblong, basifixed ; style filiform, gradually thickened upwards, a little narrowed below the stigma where it is encircled by the anthers ; stigma oblong or ellipsoidally capitate, green. Between Sange and Bango in wooded places, parasitical on the same Ficus as the previous no. ; fl. and fr. 1 May 1856. No. 5280. 23. L. Mechowii Engl., I.e., p. 118. LoANDA. — A divaricately branched shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, parasitical on the branches and branchlets of Adansonia dig/ fata B. Juss. ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, glaucous ; the young fruits ellipsoidal. In rather elevated hilly places near Boa Vista ; fl. and young fr. May 1858. No. 4843, and (stem, May 1854) Cull. Carp. 938. This is probably the glaucous-leaved Lorcuithus with deep red flowers, nearly covering the Adansonia, which is mentioned by Welwitsch in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 329 (1854). Fungus n. 32 grew on the leaves of this parasite. Engler, I.e., p. 119, quotes again Welw. no. 4843 for his form Wehcitschianus of this species, with leaves subacute at the base, for a specimen with this No. belonging to the Coimbra university herbarium. 24. L. mollissimus Engl,, I.e., p. 119. Bumbo. — In shady places between Bruco and Chao da Xella, parasitical on various trees ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4877- HuiLLA. — Leaves very caducous ; flowers scarlet. In forests near the Monino, plentiful, parasitical on Eugenia (cf . E. guinecnsis var. Jiuillensis, ante, p. 359 ; Welw. herb. no. 4403) and Sapotaceas (cf. Chrysophyllum urgyrophyUum Hiern, a7ite, p. 641) ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4888. 25. L. MoUeri Engl., I.e., p. 120. PuNGO Andongo. — Leaves rigidly coriaceous, subglaucous ; flowers orange-yellow, at length in the dry state turning purple. On the Calemba island in the river Cuanza, growing chiefly on the tree " Mucage " (cf. Comhretun lepidotum (A. Rich.), a/de, p. 347, = C'. Wehvitschii Engl.) ; fl. March 1857. No. 4845. Lorant/ms] cxiii. mii;antiia ; Welw. herb. no. 1782A, unic, p. 30t5), not seen on any other tree in the neigbourhood : fl. Jan. 1 800. A form with narrower leaves and flowers smaller and less shaggy than the previous nos., perhaps a distinct species. No. 4890. Flower-buds yellowish-ashy. In the Moniuo forests, very rare, a parasite on a species of Fiitm (cf. Welw. herb. no. 0309) ; fl.-bud Jan. 1800 (afterwards searched for in vain). Probably a form like the last no., but too young for determination. No. 4889. 27. L. Kii-kiiOliv. in Journ. Linn. 8oc. vii. p. 101 (1863) ; Engl., I.e., p. 129 ; Oliv. in Hook. le. PI. xiv. p. 6. t. 1309 (April 1880). Acrostachys Kirkii Van Tieghem in Bull. See. Bot. Fr. xli. p. 504 (Sept. 1894). Moss.vMKOKS. — Flowers very yellow, turning to orange. By the Maiombo, climbing on a species of Cm-din (cf. antc,)i. 713) : fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4872. Flowers saffron-coloured ; berries yellow. By the Maiombo, growing on the branchlets of an arborescent Cnrdia ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4873. Flowers of a brilliant orange-colour. By the sandy banks of the river ^laiombo near Cazimba and Pomangala, growing on the branches of a species of Cord in : fl. Oct. 1s,"j9. No. 4874. BiMiiO. — Berries blackish purple. In the heart of the mountains of Serra de Xella, growing on Combretaceai ; fr. Oct. 1859. Perhaps a different species or possibly the variety popul if olins Engl., I.e., p. 130, the type of which I have not seen. No, 4871- Huii.i-A. — Flowers deep yellow. Near the Bruco rivulet at the base of the mountains of Serra de Xella, growing on the tree " Unteate " (Copaiba Mopam O. Kuntze ; ante, p. 303 ; Welw. herb, no. 605) ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4878. The following No. i.s without fl. or fr. ; it difiers from this .specie.s in having the branchlet and petioles more or less clothed with short thick-set spreading hairs ; it perlia[)S belongs to an undescribed species : — MiissAMEDES. — At the Maiombo, climbing on a species of Acacia ; Oct. 1859. No. 4875. 2. VISCUM Tournef., L.; Benth.&Hook.f. Gen. PL iii. p. 213. 1. V. tuberculatum A. Pvich. Fl. Aby.ss. i. p. 338 (1847). Hrii.LA. — The whole plant green or turning from green to tawny, brittle ; the larger shrublets 1 to 2 ft. long, pendulous from the branchlets of the foster plant ; flowers yellowish ; berries nearly oblong, reddish. In elevated parts of Serra de Xella. near Mumpulla, growing on the tree Tarclioiianthus cim/ji/ioratus L. {i ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 6437- 6. T. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. A nearly glabrous undershrub, about 1 ft. high, perennial ; rhizome creeping horizontally, throwing up numerous crowded erect or suberect virgate wiry stems ; stems simple at the base or nearly so, much branched towards the apex ; branches angular, marked with the lines of the decurrent leaves ; leaves mostly alternate, narrowly linear, acute, sessile, decurrent, 1- to ;!} in. long ; flowers about i in. long, bracteolate at the base, on short pedicels, arranged in terminal somewhat compound racemes ; pedicels bracteate at the base, approximated at the apex of the inflorescence ; bracts ^ to i in. long ; bracteoles shorter than the flowers ; free portion of the perianth about yV in. long, urceolate or campanulate-hemispherical, 5-cleft, persistent ; the lobes bearded inside, ovate-deltoid, subobtuse ; filaments inserted near T,he bases of the perianth-lobes, short ; anthers subquadrate ; style included, not exceeding the anthers ; fruit including the marcescent perianth i in. long, ovoid-conical, ^ in. in transvei-se diameter, ribbed and obliquely cross-veined. HuiLLA. — In sandy wooded thickets, in the Humpata country, between Mumpulla and Nene, very rare elsewhere ; fl. and few fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6435. Habit somewhat of T. pycnanthum Schlechter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. p. 120 (7 April 1899), but the flowers are not capitate to the same extent. As to companionship, see Thunbergia angoleush S. Moore, ante, p. 804, Welw. herb. no. 5037. 2. OSYRIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f.^Gen. PI. iii. p. 227. 1. 0. abyssinica Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 281 {U. i., 1840); Flora 1841, Intellig. i. p. 22 (name only); A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 236 (1851). Fusanus alternifolia, Br. in Salt, Abyss., A pp. p. Ixiii. (1814), nomen. HuiLLA. — A much-branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branchlets green, angular ; leaves elliptic-ovate, glaucous, somewhat fleshy ; flowers Osyi-is] CXIV. SANTALACE.R. 039 dioecious, trimeroiis, yellowish ; berries scarlet, obloug-globose. In the thickets of .Tfui. Humpata, and LopoUo, plentiful; fl. and fr. Oct. to Dec. 185!t. No. 6438. Cli(ti'>'0Strata Ait. (to which it was doubt- Eiiphorb'ui] cxv. el i'hukbiace.e. 943 fully referred by Wehvitsch) in the Luurks on the seeds, etc., but the material is insuliicient for exact naming : — LoANiiv. — Leaf oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, glabrous, entire, slightly unequal at the base, £ in. long, }, in. broad ; veins few, not conspicuous ; petiole very short, glabruus ; fruit oblately spheroidal, c',-, to iV. in. long, Vi in. in diameter, dusky glabrous, depressedly globose ; seeds bliiisli grey, .;',, to .;'-, in. hnig, in the shape of a segment of an oldate spheroiil, regularl}- and minutelj- tubercular-dotted, the tubercles reddish, numerous, arranged in about three unequal longitudinal curved rows on the two plane faces and in about six longitudinal rows on the curved l)ack, each of the six rows lying in an imaginary plane con- taining the straight inner edge of the seed ; seeds also marked with numerous very inconspicuous delicate transverse wrinkles on the curved back and even less conspicuous ones on the two plane faces. In dry places, near Morro das Logostas ; March 1854. Coi.i.. Cai:i'. 9o7. 7. E. andongensis Iliern, .sp. n. A glabrescent, glauce.'^cent, prostrate, perennial herb, branched trom the base ; root thickening ; stems 3 to G in. long; branches trailing, leafy, the barren ones puberulous or pubescent towards the apex ; leaves broadly oval or rotund, rounded or sub- emarginate at apex, more or less oblique and cordate at the base, somewhat fleshy, i to | in. long, opposite, those of the barren shoots ranging up to h in. long by I in. broad, entire, shortly petiolate ; midrib and veins not conspicuous, depressed on the upper face; stipules small, fimbriate-.subulate at the apex or on the barren shoots limited to a transverse line or border ; inflorescence axillary ; heads of flowers solitary, on peduncles ranging up to i in. long ; involucre campanulate, glabrous outside, bearded at the throat inside ; lobes very small, ovate, sub- fimbriate ; glands 4, transversely oval, about -}^ in. in the greatest horizontal diameter, not cornuate, subpeltate, thick and dusky with thin and paler margins; bracteoles glabrous; filaments une(iual, glabrous, some of the anthers exserted ; pistil exserted, stipitate, glabrous, -^-^ in. long; stipe exserted by y^ "^m *'^- cxu-ving, glabrous, abruptly swelled at the apex below the pistil ; styles short, free to near the base, diverging; stigmas bifid at the apex. Pcxi;<> AxKONco. — In pastures among low bushes, between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. March l.s.">7. No. 281." Related to E. rami Retz. but differs by entire leaves, solitary flower- heads, etc. 8. E. Benthami Iliern, sp. n. A slender, rigid, glaucous, glossy, erect, sparingly branched, perennial herl), 2 to 3 ft. high ; stem in the lower part hard almost woody and subterete, in the upper part slender and sparingly pubescent ; branches dichotomous, erect or ascending, sleniler, angular, furrowed, subpubescent towards the apex, moderately leafy ; leaves narrowly elliptical or the lower ones broader, wedge-shaped at the base, very acute or finely apiculate at the apex, membranous, somewhat pilose, distantly and deli- cately serrulate-denticulate on the margin with small weak 944 CXV. EUPHORBIACE^. [Ettphorbld bristle-pointed or subulate teeth, 1 to 3 in. long by | to | in. broad, alternate or the upper ones usually opposite; petioles slender, somewhat pilose, i to § in. long; stipules short, often much reduced; inflorescence subsessile, axillary and terminal, and often terminating very short axillary branchlets, not opposite, monocephalous ; involucre campanulate-turbinate in fruit, nearly i in. long, woolly outside ; lobes small, ovate, fringed ; glands transversely oval, thickly substipitate, about -^^ in. in horizontal length, not appendaged; bracteoles shorter than the filaments, pilose ; capsules very shortly and thickly stipitate, hirsute, ^ to I in. long ; seeds smooth, minutely punctate ; styles free to the base at the apex of the fruit. HuiLLA. — In wooded meadows between LopoUo and Ivantala, rather sparingly ; fr. Feb. 1860. No. 283. Related to E. agowensls Hochst. (Benth. ms. in herb. Kew). 9. E. deeussata E. Mey. in Drege Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Doc. pp. 67, 184 (1843) ; Boiss. in DC, I.e., p. 74. Arthrothainmis cymosus Kl. & Garcke in Klotzch, Linn. Nat. Pflanzenkl. Tricocc. in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, March 1859, p. 251 ; and in Abh. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1860, p. 63. MossAMEDES. — Frutescent, 3 to 4 ft. high, much branched from the base, dichotomous or trichotomous, glaucous, fleshy, rigid, with the habit of Sarcoateinnia ; branches ascending, articulate; the ultimate joints flowering, abbreviated, after the fashion of Salicornia ; flowers sessile, yellowish. On the somewhat sahne rocky declivities of Serra de Montes Negros. distant a (German) mile from the sea-coast, plenti- ful ; fl. 10 Aug. 1859. No. 632. This determination is doubtful. 10. E. viminalis Burm. f. Fl. Cap. Prodr. p. 14 (1768); non L. E. Burmanni E. Mey., Z.c, pp. 102, 184; Boiss. in J)G., I.e., p. 75. MossAMEDES. — The whole plant glaucous, rigid, brittle. On the calcareous saline interior declivities of Serra de Montes Negros, rare ; young plants, without fl., Aug. 1859. No. 631. Welwitsch thought that this was a young form of his No. 632 (£". decit,ssata E. Mey.). This determination is very doubtful ; perhaps the variety karroensis Boiss, I.e., that is, Arthrnilianmns Burmayini Kl. & Garcke, ll.cc, pp. 251, 62, represents our plant ; or possibly E. scrpiformis Boiss. in DC, I.e. E. viminalis L. is an Asclepiad. 11. E, grandifolia Haw. Syn. Plane. Succul. p. 130 (1812). E. druqnfera Thonning in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 24 (1829); Boiss. in DC, I.e., p. 80. Island of St. Thomas.— A tree, 8 to 20 ft. high. Cultivated on the coast and in the mountainous parts of the island ; leaves only, Dec. 1860. " Pago olho de Maca^ao." No. 645. Prince's Island. — A tree, 25 ft. high ; trunk 1 to 1| ft. in diameter. In the elevated forests by rocks, S. de Papagaio ; one" leaf only, Sept. 1853. No. 645i. I have not seen the type of either Haworth's or Thonniig's species ; Eujihorhia] cxv. euphorbiace/E. 945 and our specimens, consisting only of foliage, are insufficient for certain determination ; they should also be compared with E. Tihr Schweinf. ex Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 118 (18'J4). The following No., which Ls without flowens, should be compared with this species, though it is apparently distinct ; the prickles are straight, in pairs, distinct at the base, diverging, jV, to J- in. long ; and the leaves are obovate and entire, and measure 3.V to 4 in. long by V^ to 2 in. broad; it is referred to by Wehvitsch, Apontam. p. 5G4 under n. 153 ; it should also be compared with a specimen in the Kew herbarium, collected near Regent by G. F. Scott Elliot, Sierra Ijcone Boundary Commission, n. 4112 : — PiNfJo Andoxgo. — A small tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, a beautiful plant resembling E. ncriifolia L. ; trunk 3 to 4 in. in diameter, divided at the top into crowded ascending or spreading branches, which are angular, thick and leafy towards the apex ; leaves obovate-lingulate, fleshy, glaucescent. In small ojjcn woods, on a sandy soil, at the bank of the river Cuanza, near Candumba, rather rare ; without fl. March 1857. No. 644. 12. E. opuntioides Welw. ms. in herb. Shrubby, glabrous or nearly so; stem low, branched at the base ; branches ascending or decumbent, fleshy-woody, flattened- compressed, articulate, glaucous-green, about G in. long, leafless, remarkably resembling an Opuntia, -r- to 'l in. broad at the con- strictions; joints 1 to 1^- in. broad and long, sub-circular or broadly obovate in general outline, undulate, coarsely crenate or repand on the darker sparingly spiny margin ; spines rather slender, dusky, seated at the apex of the undulations or crenations, usually in pairs, distinct at the base, erect or diverging, straight or a little curved, deciduous, I to ^ in. long; Cannes short, inserted in the shallow depressions at the apex of the subtruncate terminal joint of the branches, erect, 3- to 1-headed ; common peduncle thick, ^ to J in. long, with two opposite broadly ovate obtuse or rounded bracts at the apex, secondary peduncles thick, the lateral ones i to ^ in. long divergent, the middle one shorter ; middle involucre sub-hemispherical, somewhat compressed, \ in. broad, bibracteate at the base ; lateral involucres rather smaller, about i in. broad ; the bracts broadly ovate or semicu-cular, nearly equalhng the involucre in height, concave, adpressed ; lobes of the involucre short, fringed at the apex ; glands very short, broad, crennlate on the margin ; bracteoles among the fllaments fringed at the apex ; pistil sessile or very nearly so, glabrous ; styles united one-third way up from the base, diverging above, shortly cleft at the apex ; ripe carpels about \ in. long ; seeds \ in. long, smooth. Pl'NGo Anduxgo. — By rocks in black sandy schist, close to the banks of thei river Cuanza, near Candumba, not uncommon but rather sparse ; fl. and fr. Jan. to March 1857. No. 638. 13. E. bellica Hiern, sp. n. A robust, green-glaucous, spiny, glabrous, leafless, succulent shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, copiously milky, affording resin ; trunk a 61 946 cxv. EUPHORBiACE^. [EujihorUa little angular, branched from the base ; branches decumbent, ascending, crowded, articulated-constricted ; branchlets ^ to |^ in. thick at the constrictions ; spines strong, straight, ranging up to f in. long, diverging in pairs arising from elevations along the angles of the branches, the apices of the elevations about i in. distant from each other on each angle, the bases broad and confluent ; joints 1 ^ to If in. long, the angles few, produced into fleshy compressed wings ; wings thick, semicircular or semi-elliptical, sinuous-dentate on the margin, spreading to a distance of A to f in. from the axis of the branchlet ; teeth 3 to 5, broad, obtuse, shortly or obsoletely spiny at the apex ; the youngest branchlets very glaucous. MossAMEDES. — In sandy hilly maritime places, from the river Giraul to Cabo negro, very plentiful, not uncommonly occupying almost exclusively extensive tracts of country; with few fl. July 1859. The bulk of the specimens collected were lost in the war with the Munanos, and only rudimentary pieces remain. No. 643. This belongs to the section Diacanthium, and apparently is related to E. Lemaireana Boiss. and E. ant/quorum L. ; it is perhaps the succulent Euphorbia which frequently forms the matrix of Hydnora (tfrlcana Thunb. (Welw. herb. n. 530) and is ultimately killed by it. This also is probably the cactus-hke Eupliorhia, occurring to the south of the town of Mossamedes in July 1859, which was beset with the rare fungus n. 147, Tulostoma anyolense Welw. & Currey in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 290, t. 20, figs. 10 and 11 (1868) ; also the de- cumbent EupJiorhia which bore Lichen n. 420, RocceUa linearis var. primaria Wain (see Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 183), together with species of Ramulina (cf. Lichen n. 23) in July 1859 near the town of Mossamedes; also in the midst of which grew Emilia alhocostata, mite p. 596, Welw. herb. no. 3573. It must also be compared with E. triangularis Desfont. Cat. Fl. Hort. Paris., edit. 3, p. 339 (1829), name only, a plant supposed to belong to the Cape Flora. 14. E. polyacantha Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. p. 25 (1860), and in DC, I.e., p. 84. PuNCiO Andongo. — A fleshy, tenacious shrublet, 1 to 1| ft. high ; prostrate-ascending or the stems at first erect, soon becoming decumbent, 3- to 6-angled, articulate-moniliform, glaucous-green, leafless, the younger ones 2- to 4-angled ; branches erect-spreading, 4- to 6-angled ; the angles spiny-toothed ; the whole plant abounding in a caustic milk ; flowers yellow. On the gneiss rocks of the Pedras Negras in the prsesidium, chiefly on their very dry slopes, in company with species of Xenqjliyta (cf. A^ squarrosa Baker ; Welw. herb. 1555 and Coll. Carp. n. 1006), Commehnacea^, etc., plentiful ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 1857 ; also a young plant near Catete, Feb. 1857. No. 639. HuiLLA. — A shrublet, 7 in. high or less, articulately branched from the base, in form resembling an Opmntia ; flowers yellowish. On mica-schist rocks, among bushes, at an elevation of 5000 ft., between Lopollo and Nene, sparingly ; very few specimens in fl. Feb. 1860. No. 640. 15. E. Candelabrum Welw. in Annaes Conselho Ultramarino Lisb. no. 24 (May 1856), p. 251, n. 5. E. candelabra Welw. in Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 329 (7 Nov. 1854), name only. Euphorbia] cxv. euphorbiace.k. 947 LoANDA. — A tree, 15 to 4') ft. high, and more, in tho form of a candelabrum, constituting dense forests in dry, hilly, maritime, and rocky places, but sometimes solitary ; trunk straight, 1 to 2i ft. in diameter ; bark cracked ; branches subverticillate, ascendiiiLj-iirching ; branchlets verticillate ; trunk and branches ?>- to )^-anf,'Ied : branchlets mostly trigonous ; Howers red, very crowded, as well a-s the wliole plant much abounding in milk. I'lentiful : ti. July and Aug. 18.')8. Around Cacuaco, where it grew in company with Lissuchilitu (•(ilojiknui Reichenb. f., it was usually more than .")(» ft. high, with a stem '2A ft. in diameter; beginning of Jan. 18r»4 ; near Mutollo, 2:5 July 1H54 ; Loanda, 17 June 1858. A characteristic tree, producing a very fine effect. No. 641. Stakes cut from this tree and planted easily take root and grow quickly ; they are thus used by the negroes for making fences around their dwellings. The lichens n. 211, TniuotijItHiH aiigolense Nyl., n. 104, Lrcidea q/iscinokis Nyl., and n. 399 (?) Opcfimphia (jraphidiza Nyl., also n. 189, grew on the old trunks of this tree : see Nylander, Lich. Angol. Welw. pp. 8. 10. 12 (1809) ; lichen nn. 320, 414, 413, 399, 398, 328, and 3.50 at Boa Vista. Barlcr'm sdlicifulia S. Moore, Welw. herb. no. 5119, grew in little woods composed of Enpliorhhi, probably this species, about Libongo. It is doubtful whether this is the same species as E. Gnnklahruia Tremeau ex Kotschy, AUgem. Ueberbl. Nilliind. p. 13 (1857) in Mitth. Geograph. Gesellsch. Wien., Jahrg. i. Heft ii. p. 1()9 : Kotschy, Umr. Uferl. Weiss. Nil, p. 23 (1858) in Mitth., /.-•., Jahrg. ii. Heft i. p. 92 ; Boiss. in DC, I.e.. p. 84 ; Petherick, Trav. Centr. Afr. i. p. 308 (18G9). It is probably the gigantic EujiJnirbia mentioned by AVelwitsch in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (1854) as forming woods at Loanda, just as Pi/iu.i si/lvestris does with us, and readily discernible even from shipboard. The following Nos. perhaps belong to this species of Wehvitsch : — PuNGO ANnoNt;(\ — A little tree 10 to 12 ft. high, or rarely 15 ft. ; trunk straight, subcylindrical, 3 to 4 in. in diameter, hard-woody, spiny-tuberculate ; branches and branchlets spreading-ascending, 3- or rarely 4-winged, glaucous-greenish, leafless. By rocks near IVIangue and Candumba, plentiful ; without tl. March 1857. No. 641^. A tree of 12 to 15 ft., candelabriform, with acutely trigonous ascending branches and branchlets. By schist rocks in wooded places near Mangue on the road leading to Candumba ; without fl. March 1857. No. 637. Br.Mi:17. Lichen n. 401 grew in the coast region of Loanda, in May 1854, on the older trunks of a leafless Kitphorhia, probably this species. GoLUXGo Ai.To. — A much-branched leafless shrub. In the some- what dry thickets of Sobato de Bumba, near Camilungo, sporadic ; fl. March 185('.. No. 651. Mossamedes. — An undershrub, 2 ft. high; root thick, horizontal; stems straight, erect-spreading, branched, not articulate : flower-buds tubercle-shaped ; the whole plant in the living state yellowish green, glaucous, smooth. At the red-sand rocks close to Rio do Sal, at the base of Serra de Montes Negros, in front of Boca do Rio Bero ; without fl. July 1859. Perhaps this species. No. 633. A low shrub, with strict asperulous branches. Serra de Montes Negros ; fr. lU Aug. 1859. Doubtfully referred to this species. Coll. Caki'. 910. A large Pnhjporu.-i grew on this tree near Loanda in April 1859, and on the former grew the Fungus n. 11. The tree is called " Cassoneira " at Loanda, or " Canumi-numi," and is used for making fences and 950 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [^Euphorbia hedges around the quintas and arimos, since it grows rapidly and has numerous virgate intricate and almost leafless branches. Lichen n. 321 in Sobato Quilombo grew on the bark of a Eiqihorhia, perhaps this species. 20. E. acalyphoi'des Hochst. in PI. Kotschv Nubic. n. 88 {U.i., 1841); Boiss. Icon. Euphorb. p. 17. t. 49 (1866), and in DC, I.e., p. 98. Tithymalus acali/phoides Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. ^tbiop. p. 38 (1867). LoANDA. — In stony herbaceous places at Porta da Isabella near Loanda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and April 1854. In hot sandy places in short grass and by thickets near Penedo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. beginning of Dec. 1857. No. 296- 21. E. sarmentosa Wehv. ex Pax in Engl. Bot. Jalirb. xix. p. 121 (1894). LoAXDA. — Perennial, suff'ruticose, woody at the base ; stem smooth, becoming reddish, sub-erect, dichotomous. much-branched. 6 to 8 in. in diameter at the base, branches spreading, elongate-virgate, tortuously sarmentosa, adpressedly hirsute ; branchlets patent-recurved ; leaves lanceolate-linear or linear, shortly petiolate, soft, somewhat fleshy, glaucescent ; flowers secund on the branchlets, solitary in the axils of the leaves, shortly pedunculate ; involucre 4-clef t ; the segments reddish brown, truncate, subcrenulate : germen ellipsoidal, as well as the capsule adpressedly hirsute. In dry bushy hilly places on sandy clay around Quicuxe rather rare, very rare near Loanda, one specimen at Barrancos de Penedo ; fl. and fr. middle of July 1858. In hilly rather elevated places between Quicuxe and MutoUo, April 1854, among tall grasses, near Mutollo, end of May 1854. No. 297. Stems and leaves fleshy, full of milk : stems at first erect, at length ending in tortuous sub- scandent almost leafless branchlets ; leaves linear. In mountain thickets at Mutollo ; fr. April 1854. Coi.i.. Cahi'. 913. An undershrub with a peculiar habit for the genus ; branches elongated, sarmentose, sub- scandent. On bushy hills near Loanda, rather rare ; fr. July 1858. Cojx. Cari*. 915. It has much the aspect of E. systyla Edgew. 22. E. Tukeyana Steud. Nomencl. Bot., edit. 2, i. p. 615 (1840). E. arhorescens Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, p. 251 (1818), iion alior. E. Tuckeyana Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 177 (1849); J. A. Schmidt, Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 304 (1852); Boiss. in DC, I.e., p. 109 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 249 (1884). Cape de Verde Islands. — A stout shrub. 4 to 7 ft. high. In the more elevated bushy mountainous parts of Monte Yerde in the island of St. Vincent, plentiful and growing in masses ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. Called by the inhabitants " Tira olhos." No. 646. According to Ficalho, I.e., the shrub is also called " Tosta olho," — that is, goggle-eye, probably in consequence of the inflammation of the eyes which the acrid sap produces. The bark affords one of the best preparations for tanning hides. 23. E. claytonioides Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 533 (1897). MossAMEDES. — An ascending glaucous somewhat fleshy herb, very milky throughout, annual or lasting for several years ; stem patently branched a little above the base : umbellules dichotomously multifid. Evjyhorhici] cxv. eupiiorbiace.e. 951 On the rocky declivities of Serra de Montes Negros : fl. and fr. July 1859. By the red-sand rocks close to the base of Scrra de Montes Negros ; fl. and fr., 10 and 13 Aug. 1851). No. 287. 24. E. C3rparissioides Pax in Eng. Bot. J.ihrb. xix. p. 123 (1894). SulTrutico.^e, woody, decumbent, and thick at the l)ase, sub- glaucescent, glabrous, heath-like ; rootstock woody, perennial, giving ofl* numerou.s stem.s or branches, resembling in habit E. C yparissias L. ; stems erect or ascending, virgate, wiiy, simple for some distance, losing their leaves near the base, densely leafy above, at length dichotomously branched in the upper part and umbellate at the apex ; leave.s approximated, not opposite, linear or rather broadly so, sulmcute and mucronate at the apex, some- what narrowed to the sessile base, more or less spreading, at length reflected, ;4 to 'l in. long, revolute on the entire margins, those at the base of the uml)els broader and lanceolate ; rays of the umbels about 5, unequal ; inflorescence se.ssile, terminal ; carpels smooth, 1 in. long ; seeds smooth, pallid. HriLLA.— In rocky sandy sparingly bushy pastures, near LopoUo, not abundant ; in late fr. Oct. 1859. No. 285. In the absence of flowers, this determination is doubtful ; the type of the species occurred at Dar Fertit, Dem Gudju, and was collected by Schweinfurth, ser. iii. n. 149. 25. E. terracina L. Sp. n. edit. 2, p. G54 (1762) ; Boi.ss. in DC, I.e., p. 157. Island of Madiura. — In rough uncultivated places between Funchal and Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 289. 26. E. balsamea ^Velw. ms. in herb. A fleshy, glal)rous, very glaucous shrub, much-branched from the base, 11 to 3 ft. high ; sap copious, milky, agreeable when fresh and like a balsam in smell ; primary stem about an inch thick ; branches dichotomous, more or less ventricose at the base, about as thick as a man's finger ; the young branches elongate- conical, leafy ; leaves of the branches alternate, lanceolate or oval, obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the base, entire, Heshy, glaucous, spreading, ^- to H in. long, V to \ in. broad, falling off from the adult branches ; petioles i- to f in. long ; stipules ; leaves of the inflorescence opposite, sessile or subsessile, not connate but contiguous, very broadly ovate or oval, ] to | in. long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, the uppermost pairs indupli- cate and embracing the terminal solitary sessile or subsessile heads of flowers ; involucres tubular-campanulate or obovoid, truncate, entire or sub-crenulate, hairy at the throat, green, i in. long, veiny, easily separating into obovate-oblong segments ; lobes short, biiid, fringed ; glands transversely oval, not cornuate ; bracteoles among the filaments hairy, equalling the involucre ; anthei*s greenish glaucous ; pollen yellow. General inflorescence lax ; umbels of few rays. Ripe capsules not seen. MossAMKDKS. — In hilly sandy maritime places between Mossamedes and Cabo Negro ; fl. June 1859. Also in rocky hilly places thinly 952 cxv. EUPHORBiACE.E, [EuphorMa covered with brown sand, near S. Antonio, plentiful ; fl. fallen, 21 July 1859. No. 634. Nearly related to E. Bur^ii Boiss. in DC, I.e., p. 167, and Icon. Euphorb. p. 28, t. 110 (1866), but it differs by the petiolate stem- leaves, hairy filaments, etc. 27. E. genistoides Berg. Descr. PI. Cap. p. 146 (1767); L. Mant. alt. p. 564 (1771); Boiss. in DC, I.e., p. 167. Tithymalus Africanus, Jlore herhaceo, folio Genistce, Burm. Cat. Plant. Afr. Harm. p. 23 (1737). PuNGO AxDONGO. — Suffruticose, heath-like, glaucescent, woody and thick at the base ; rootstock woody, perennial, giving off at the apex several erect or ascending wiry rather slender puberulous or glabrate stems which are about a foot high ; stems undivided and losing most of their leaves from the base to about a third of their length, loosely branched above, often umbellately branched at the top ; branches leafy ; leaves approximated, scattered, spreading or the lower ones reflected, linear, narrowly mucronate at the apex, sessile, rigid, minutely pulverulent or glabrate, J to nearly | in. long, uninerved ; the lateral margins revolute, entire ; stipules ; inflorescence terminal, sessile, tripartite ; the two lateral cymules shortly stalked, bibracteate at the base, small. The central cymule subsessile, ebracteate at the base, broader than the lateral ones ; bracts oblong, mucronate, not connate, about ^ in. long, exceeding the lateral cymules ; involucre of the central cymule campanulate-hemispherical, ^ in. long, somewhat compressed, minutely pulverulent outside, shortly puberulous inside ; the lobes about 7, quadrate or ovate, small, ciliate-f ringed at the apex ; the external glands intermediate, unequally broad, transversely oval or oblong, peltately saucer-shaped, not or sometimes cornuate, about as high as the lobes, glabrous on the margin ; filaments about equalling the involucre ; bracteoles hairy, among the filaments and about the same length ; ovary stipitate, shortly exserted, tricoccous, puberulous ; styles united about half-way, the branches bifid ; capsule i in. long, minutely puberulous-punctate ; seeds smooth. In the drier thickets between Quisonde and Condo, rather rare ; fl. and f r. middle of March 1857. No. 286. I have not seen the type of this species ; the original description gives the involucral lobes as four ; the determination is therefore doubtful. 2. BUXUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 266. The following No. has the appearance of this genus, and is possibly the variety myriifolia of B. sempervire^is L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 983 (1753) ; being without fl. or fr. it is uncertain : — Hl'illa. — A shrublet nearly glabrate or minutely, puberulous especially on the tetragonal branchlets and on the very short petioles, 1 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of a Box, glaucescent ; leaves apparently evergreen, somewhat glossy, coriaceous, elliptical ovate or lanceolate, wedge-shaped at the subsessile base, more or less obtuse at the apex, ^ to 1 in. long by ^ to g in. broad, recurving along the margin, with numerous inconspicuous veins and the midrib prominent beneath. On the rocky ridges at the top of Sierra de Xella not far from Mumpulla, about 4000 to 4100 ft. alt., Oct. 1859 and June 1860, abundant. No. 409. The wood is like that of the ordinary Box. The plant should be compared with B. ho/guelleiisis Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. p. 115 (15 Dec. 1899), which belongs to Huilla, but an authentic specimen of which I have not seen. Briedelic] < xv. euphorbiace.r 953 3. BRIEDELIA WilUl. ; Benth. & TFook. f. Cien. PL iii. p. 267 {Jiridelia). In Pun<,'o Anddu^'o the natives give tlie name of " Ciil)alella " to two 01" tliree arl)orescont species of this genus. 1. B. atroviridis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 3-J7 (18Gt), et in DC. Prodr xv. 2, p. 49-4 (18GG) {Brldelia). Cazkngo. — A low tree, with very patent almost drooping branches and distichous leaves. In the primitive forests of Mata de Cabondo ; fr. June lf^.05. No. 370/'. GoMNiJo Ai.Tu. — A small tree, 10 ft. high, almost calling to mind the coll'ee tree ; branches patent, almost nodding ; leaves dark, dtep- green above, shaded with purple and especially on the veins reddish beneath ; flowers from greenish to reddish. In bushy places in "secondary woods near Camilungo, between it and Sange, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 370. 2. B, tenuifolia 3Iuell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 328, et in DC, I.e., p. 495 {BrideUa). ZiCNzA DK GoLUNco. — A much-branched shrub of 5 to G ft., or in secondary thickets H to 2 ft. high ; berries pruinose-bluish, nearly black. On dry hills "near Tanderaxique ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. A shrub, 2A to 4 ft. high : stems numerous, erect ; bark whitish grey ; sap watery : branches and branchlets slender, patent ; leaves mem- branous, somewhat rigid, shining above, pallid beneath, deciduous at the time of the fruit ; drupes sessile, clustered in the axils of the leaves, blackish blue, with a viscid juice ; pyrenes 2, monospermous. In dry elevated hilly bushy places near Quicanga, very plentiful ; fl. and ripe fr. Sept. 1857. No. 374. GoLUNiJo Ai>To. — A small tree, G to 10 ft. high, with a much- branched head ; branches divaricate ; branchlets slender, somewhat drooping ; flowers yellow-greenish. In thickets close to the Ambaca road, between Camilungo and Oabinda ; fl. and young as well as ripe fr. March 1855. No. 373. A shrub 3 ft. high, perhaps a mutilated tree. On the road to Ambaca ; -vvithout fl. or fr. Dec. 1855. No. 370c. 3. B. angolensis Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ, Bot., I.e., p. 327. Bridelia angolensis Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 49G. PuN(;<) AxDoNGo.— A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk 4 to 8 in. in diameter at the base, bare to the height of G to 7 ft., then with crowded branches, branchlets and foliage; leaves hard-coriaceous, rigid, but little glossy, distichous ; male flowers axillary, clustered, at length by the falling of the leaves subspicate or paniculate, greeni.sh in the bud and when young, the adult ones purplish outside and yellowish inside. In rather elevated little woods on the gigantic rocks above Catete in the praisidium, sporadic. A young shoot of a tree which had been cut down on the same spot. In fl. beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 367. 4. B. elegans Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 327, et in DC, I.e., p. 496 [BrideUa). Hrii.i.A. — A shrub, 5 ft. high and more, occasionally arborescent ; branches elongated, patent ; branchlets virgate ; leaves rigid, rather distant, with red veins beneath. In wooded thickets around Humpata ; fl. Jan. 18G0. No. 361. Scarcely distinct trom B. scandens Willd., from which Welwitsch 954 cxv. EUPHORBiACE^. [Brieclelia thought it could not be separated ; for he regarded his nos. 361 and 362 as the same species. 5. B. speciosa Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., ^.c.,p. 327, et in DC, I.e., p. 497 (Bridelia). a, trichoclada Muell. arg., ll.cc, pp. 327, 498. Bumbo. — A handsome tree, 25 to 40 ft. high, very frondose, distinguished with a dense widely spreading head and a luxuriant glossy foliage, one of the most beautiful ornaments of the forest ; flowers greenish with a slightly purple tinge. In the more elevated very shady forests of Serra da Xella, 15° S. Lat., Scudelbilla, plentiful, also near Bumbo ; fl. and unripe fr. Oct. 1859. No. 371. Welwitsch had given this specific name in manuscript accompanied with a descriptive character when he submitted his specimens to Mueller. Trema affinis Bl. (Welw. herb. no. 6288) grew in company with this tree near Bumbo in Oct. 1859. 6. B. ferruginea Benth. in Hook. Niger FL p. 511 (1849) (Bridelia). Candelabria micrantha Hochst. in Flora 1843, i. p. 79 (7 Feb.); Krauss in Flora 1844, p. 427 (7 July), Bridelia micrantha Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 498, var. a,ferrui>N(;(>. — lu sandy bush}' places between Condo and Quisonde, sporadic ; fl. and fr. ]\Iarch 1857. No. 322. In sandy places close to the river Lombe near Lombe ; fl. and fr. March 1857. Xo. 323. An annual, erect or suberect, slender herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched like a bi'oom ; leaves oblong-linear, subglaucescent. In sandy places at the river Cuanza: fl. and fr. March 1857. Coi.i,. Caup. 92i.». 2. P. capillaris Schum. A: Thonn., I.e., p. 191 {rhijlantJcus). ^, genuinus Muell. arg., I.e., p. 338. P. elegans pedicellis capillaribus pendulis, Hornemann, ^.c.,p.25. Biasperus capillaris O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598. GoLUNGo Alto. — A prettily green undershrub, li to 4 ft. high, with greenish flowers on capillary peduncles. At the outskirts of thickets in moist spots, in an excursion to Fonte de Capopa, not plentiful, fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 : in wooded moist places about thickets, near Sauge, fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 ; also by secondary thickets and at the edges of palm groves, near Bango, fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 336. 3. P. angolensis Muell. arg, in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 329 (18G4), and in DC, I.e., p. 339. Diasperus angolensis 0. Kuntze, I.e. HuiLLA. — In pastures rather dry but flooded in the rainy summer season, among low bushes, between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola, sparingly ; fl. and fr., Dec. 1859. N^o. 332. An annual, slender, erectly branched, subglaucous herb, G to 8 in. high. In hot wooded places near Lopollo ; fr. Feb. 1800. Coll. Caiu>. 921. 4. P. loandensis Wehv. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 329, and in DC, I.e., p. 342. DiasperxiM loandensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 599. Luanda. — An undershrub, woody at the base ; stem erect, 2 to 3 ft. high, branched : branches virgate, elongated, very slender, erect- spreading. In hilly bushy places on a clay soil behind Penedo. sparingly and seen nowhere else ; fl. and fr. April to June 1858. No. 335. 5. P. floribundus Muell. arg. in Linna\a, xxxii. p. 14 (18G3), and in DC, I.e., p. 343 ; non H. B. ct K. Kirganelia (Anisonema) floribiinda Baill. Adansonia i. p. S3 (1860). Diasperus Muellerianus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 597. 958 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^. [Phyllmithus GoLUNCrO Alto. — A shrub, much branched from the base, 4 to 7 ft. high ; stipules at length hardened into recurved prickles ; flowers somewhat rosy. In but little damp thickets near Bango Aquitamba, fl. beginning of Nov. 1855 ; in secondary thickets near Sange and Bango, not uncommon, fr. Dec. 1855. No. 319. A shrub, 6 ft. high, branched from the base ; stems purplish, spinulose. In moist thickets at the rivulet Delamboa ; fl. beginning of Dec. 1855. No. 318. Ambaca. — A shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high, leafless at the time of the young inflorescence ; stipules in the form of hooked-reflected prickles ; flowers reddish. In bushy places by a dried-up stream near Halo on the Ambaca road ; young fl. end of Sept. and beginning of Oct. 1856. No. 320. PuNGO Andongo. — In female fl. Found with No. 317 (P. odontaden'ms Muell. arg.) in herb. Welw. No. 317^. 6. P. reticulatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Metb. v. p. 298 (1804) (reticulata). Diasperits reticulatus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. a. genuinus Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 344. Loan DA. — An erect, much-branched shrub, as tall as a man ; leaflets rather large and tomentose ; flowers bracteolate ; fruit depressedly hemispherical, almost baccate, soft, blackish purple or rather turning black. In thickets by ponds, rather rare and in very few spots, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 8 June 1858. No. 325. Benguella. — In bushy places flooded in summer, between Benguella and the Cotumbella river ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 326. p. glaber Muell. arg., I.e., p. 345. LoANDA.— A much-branched undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high. By water reservoirs near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl, and fr. May and Aug. 1854. No. 325&. The species of PhjUanthus, referred to by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 132, as an evergreen shrub 6 to 7 ft. high, with the habit of a Burns and with somewhat sweet blue-black berries eaten by the negroes, and as occurring at the banks of the river Bengo in May 1854, perhaps belongs here. 7. P. purpureus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 329, and in DC, I.e., p. 349, Diasjjerus purpureiis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. Mo.^SAMEDES. — A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, bright purple on the main stems and branches ; stems numerous, straight ; branches slender ; flowers yellow. In gravelly places and in the bed of the river Maiombo then dried up near Pedra de El Rei ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 329. 8. P. "Welwitschianus Muell. arg. in Joui-n. Bot., I.e., p. 330, and in DC, I.e., p. 351. Biasperus Welwitsehiamis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 601. Pungo Axdoxgo. — A lovely, erect, virgate shrublet, with glaucous foliage. In bushy pastures on a clay subsoil, between Quitage and Bumba ; by no means plentiful ; fl, and fr. March 1857. No. 330- HuiLLA. — A shrublet, scarcely a foot high or sometimes about 20 in. ; rootstock thick ; stems several, erect or ascending, purple ; leaves oval or broadly elliptical, glaucescent, subsessile ; flowers dioecious, greenish ; styles connate in a little tube ; stigmas bilobate. In rocky places, on a clay soil, near Lopollo, in Morro de Monino, by no means plentiful ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 331. Phyllanthis] cxv. eupiioudiace.e. 959 9. P. Microdendron Wehv. ex Muell. arg. in Joiiin, 13ot., I.e., p. 330, ami in DC, I.e., p. 359. Diasperus Mici'(xlendron O. Kuntzo, I.e., p. GOO. Hn 1. 1. A. —Distinguishable from its allies by the hal)it somewhat like :i little tree and by its usually larger flowers and fruits. lu moist hilly places among low bushes, between Nene and Lopollo ; rather rare ; tl. and fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 334. 10. P. virgulatus Muell. arg. in Jonrn. Bot., I.e., p. 330, and in DC, I.e., p. 360. JJiaspei'ns virgulatus O. Kiintze, I.e., p. GOl. PuNCio And(1N(;o. — Dicecious. In thickets on a sandy clay soil, between Bumba and Condo, near the great cataract of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 328. 11. P. prostratus Wehv. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Eot., I.e., p. 330, and in DC, I.e., p. 361. Biaspenis ])i'Ostratiis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. Hi'iLLA. — A perennial herb or shrublet ; rootstock thick ; the numerous stems and branches prostrate or prostrate-ascending, not milky, witli the habit of a Pd^/f/oitian ; leaves glaucescent ; flowers from whitish to rosy or turning quite red ; fruit capsular. In elevated pastures on sandy clay, Empalanca in the Lopollo country ; apparently rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of Feb. and 21 March ISGO. No. 333. A prostrate, glaucescent, perennial herb, with many stems and -white- purple flowers. In hilly sandy parts of Humpata, above 5000 ft. alt. ; fr. 21 March 1 SCO. Cci.L. C.vKi'. 77. 12. P. maderaspatensis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 982 (1753). Diasperus maderaspatensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. Var. Thonningii Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 362. LoANDA. — Annual and biennial. In moist sparingly bushy grassy places, flooded in summer, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. June 1858 ; also at Represa de Manuel Pereira van Hufien ; fl. and fr. 16 July 1854. No. 321. Annual. Quicuxe ; fr. May 1854. Determination very doubtful. Coi.l. Carp. 918. 13. P. odontadenius 3Iuell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and in DC, I.e., p. 365. Diasperus odontadenius 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. Prxco Andongo. — In damp sandy sparingly bushy places on the Calemba island in the river Cuanza, near Condo ; rather scarce ; in beds of Scirpas or such-like plants ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 317. 14. P. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and in DC, I.e., p. 365. Diasj)erus henguelensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598. PuNT.o AxDONfio. — An annual, erect, very slender herb. In sandy bushy places at the banks of the river Cuanza, near Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. Z\bh. Br.Mi;o. — In fields where Araeh'is Jn/pogaa L. had been cultivated, tolerably abundant ; fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 315. 15. P. arvensis Mutll. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 332, and in DC, I.e., p. 405. Diasperus arvensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598. 960 cxv. EUPHORBiACE/E. [Phijllanthus HciLLA. — In fields cultivated with vegetables, near Lopollo ; fl. beginning of Jan. 1860. Only one specimen in herb. No. 313. 16. P. Niruri L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 981 (1753); Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 406. Biasperiis Niruri O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. /S. genuinus Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 406. LoAXDA. — By dried-up swamps near Quicuxe, middle of July 1854. At Maiango do Rei, 30 July 1854. An annual herb ; stem erect or ascending, much branched ; leaves glaucescent-green ; flowers small, from greenish to yellowish ; here and there in masses, in moist sandy places and under the shade of shrubs, near Boa Vista and towards Teba, fl. and fr. Dec. 1858. No. 314. A glaucous-green, leafy, annual herb, a foot high. By dried-up swamps near Quicuxe ; fr. July 1854. Coll. Cari'. 919. GoLUNGO Alto. — In fields planted with Arachis hypogwa L., near Sange ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 310. In kitchen gardens near Bango-Aquitamba ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855. No. 311. At the margins of fields near Undelle ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1856. No. ZWh. 17. P. niruroides Muell. arg. in Jovirn. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and in DC, I.e., p. 409. Diasperus niniroides 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. Sierra Leone. — In deserted or neglected fields near Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 316. 18. P. microphyllinus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 332, and in DC, I.e., p. 409. Diasperus micro2)hyllinus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600. PuKGO Andonoo. — In mountainous cultivated places near the prtesidium ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. Only one specimen. No. 312. 19. P. longifolius K. J. Jacquin, PI. Ear. Hort. Schoenbr. ii. p. 36, t. 194 (1797) (longifolia). Averrhoa acida L. Sp. PI., edit 1, p. 428 (1753). Cieea disticha L. Mant. PI. p. 124 (1767); Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 1 (1786), and Tabl. t. 757, f. 1 (1798). P. Cheramela Roxb. Hort. Bang, p. 104 (1813). P. Cieea Muell. arg. in Linnsea, xxxii. p. 50 (1863). P. distichus Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 413. Diasjyerus disiiehus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 599. Cape pe Verde Islands. — A small, elegant tree, 8 ft. high ; leaves at the tops of the branches contorted ; flowers yellowish, on the bare older branches. In a place deserted after cultivation behind Villa da Praia, in the island of S. Thiago, only one tree seen, with comparatively few flowers, probably introduced ; Jan. 1861. No. 3023. The leaves are less acute than usual in the species. 20. P. discoideus Muell. arg. in Linnaja xxxii, p. 51 (1863), and in DC, I.e., p. 416 ; Picalho, PI. Uteis, p. 249 (1884). Cieea diseoidea Baill. Adansonia, i. p. 85 (1860). Diasperus diseodeus O. Kuntze, I.e. GoLUNGO Alto. — A small, evergreen tree ; leaves somewhat fleshy, obscurely green, somewhat glossy above, pallid beneath, distichous (as are also the branches and branchlets) ; fruit tricoccous ; in mountainous places, Altura do Cimiterio near Sange ; in young fr. 13 Dec. 1854. PhullanUais] cxv. EuriioituiACE-i:. 961 A tree, not milky ; !May. A tree, 30 ft. \ng\\, with julult leaves ; Quisucula. June ISofi. A tree. 25 to ;50 ft. high or rarely .smaller ; leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy, almost lloshy ; in hilly places near the Sange cemetery, sporadic ; adult leaves ia June. A handsome tree, 30 to 60 ft. high ; wood white, excellent ; branches patent : branchlets and leaves distichous ; flowers dioecious : in the primitive forests of Quisucula, sporadic ; female H. end of Sept. 1><5.'), male fl. Oct. 1855. A tree, 15 to 30 ft. high ; leaves deciduous, when fully developed Heshy-coriaceous, as well as the branches distichous : sap not milky, watery ; in the same forests near Bango-Aquitamba and also near Sange; H.Oct. lS.'i.">. Native names " Caret('te '' or " Caletete " or "Mutete." No. 340. The lichens nn. in>, 187, 192, 341, 379, and 380 grew on the trunks and branches of this tree. Prince's I.slanh.— A tree, 25 to :'U ft. high, with the habit almost of a Celtic, at the time of flowering with imjierfectly developed foliage ; branches patent, branchlets numerous ; flowers yellowish greeni.sh. In primitive forests on Pic(j do Papagaio, at an elevation of 20(JO ft. ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 339. In Pungo Andongo the name " Mutete " is used for Pterocarpm erinaceus Poir. ; Welw. herb. no. 18(U ; aute, p. 279. According to Welwitsch's ms., '• Caretete," a tall tree with distant leaves, grew in Pungo Andongo, and in the same district another tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, with larger fruit, also called " Caretete," grew in small woods in the pr.tsidium. 7. FLUGGEA Wilkl. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 27G. 1. F. microcarpa Blume, Bijdi-. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 580 (1825). J'hi/Uanthus virosus Koxb. ex Wilkl. Sp. PI. iv. p. 578 (1805). X>ilo'phylla obovata Wilkl. Enum. PI. Hort. Bot. Berol. p. 329 (1809). P. lucidics Hort. ex Willd. Enum., I.e. Phylanthus angulatus Sclium. k, Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 189 (1829). P. diolcus Schum., I.e., p. 190. Securiner/a obovata Muell. arg. in DC. Prodi-, xv. 2, p. 449 (18GG). Aeidoton obovatics 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 592 (1891). Lo.VNDA. — A shrublet, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stems numerous, as well as the branches whitish and angular ; leaves herbaceous, pallid-glaucescent beneath, with pellucid veins ; flowers yeUowish in the bud. In dry bushy hiUy places above Forte de Penedo and in A. 993 (1SG7), and in Trans. Liiui. Soc. xxvii. p. 20. 1. P. dactylophylla Wehv. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 328 (18G.S), and in Tran.s. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 21, t. 7 (1869). Hrii.LA. — A resinous tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, not or scarcely milky ; trunk erect, straight, 2 to in. in diameter at the base branches and branchlets somewhat tortuous, very rigid, patent, tuborculate and transversely very rough with the scars of fallen leaves ; leaves deciduous, alternate, digitately 5- to 7-foliolate, apparently exstipulate ; leaflets articulated to the common petiole, coriaceous, shining, tomen- tose beneath ; common petiole long ; flowers dioecious : male flowers usually appearing in the absence of the leaves ; female flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the congested branchlets, very shortly pedunculate ; peduncle included in an adnate sheath which is tridentate at the apex down to the middle; calyx G- or 7- cleft, with linear-subulate tomentose teeth ; disk annular ; ovary sessile, sur- rounded at the base by the calyx-teeth, bilocular ; the cells bi-ovulate ; the ovules pendulous geminately from the apex of the cell, anatropous ; style simple, very short or obsolete ; stigma broadly biloljed ; the lobes thick, stigmatose at the inner face ; epicarp bivalved ; pyrenes long, enclosed in a somewhat fleshy mucous meml)rane ; seeds exal- buminous ; testa (unripe) somewhat fleshy. In rather dry spots in the less dense forests between Lopollo and the river ]Mouino, sparingly, in company with Combretace:e, Myrtacea), and Proteacea; ; male and female fl. and fr. towards the end of Feb. 18G0. The specimens with male flowers were plucked in great haste, for the tree on which they grew was within the range of the storming hordes of the Munanos savages with whom war was being waged. No. 452, Coll. Caiu'. 955. 10. OLDFIELDIA Benth. & Hook. ; B. & H. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 281. 1. 0. africana Benth. & Hook, in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. p. 185, t. G (1850). SiERKA Leone, — A tall extensive tree, with the habit entirely of a Vitex, apetalous, dioecious ; wood excellent, whitish ; leaflets quite glabrous, coriaceous, much acuminate ; stamens 2 to 7 ; filaments straight, unequal in length ; anthers basifixed, rotundate-ellipsoidal, bilocular ; the cells opposite, longitudinally dehiscent. In woods on the north side of the colony, where it forms vast forests and whence it is exported in large quantities under the name of "African Teak" for ship-building ; male fl. Sept. 1853. No. 478. 11. UAPACA Baill. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 282. 1. U. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ, Bot. ii. p. 332 (Nov, 1864), and in DC, I.e., p. 491 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 249 (1884) ( U. henguellensis). Hi' ILEA. — A handsome tree, usually 15 to 20 sometimes 25 to 30 ft. high or even more, with the habit of Mainhoria stipnlis" (Welw. herb, no. 3027) or of A nthor/risOi m. The Lichen n. 275 in Sobata Mussengue in April 1855 grew on the leaves of an arborescent Aiitidcsina, probably this species. 2. A. membranaceum Muell. arg. in Linniea xxxiv. p. 68 (1865), and in DC, I.e., p. 261. Var. molle Muell. arg. (ILcc). GoLiNco Alto. — A small, dioecious tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with a densely leafy head and the habit of Salir caprea L. ; leaves subcoriaceous, glossy. In secondary thickets close to the road to Banza de Bango near Bango Aquitamba, male fl. Feb. and ]\Iar. 1855 ; also at Capopa, with male and female fl. and fr. No. 405. A tree 10 to 15 ft. high : branches divaricately patent : leaves subcoriaceous ; flowers ditBcious, amentaceous, spicate. In wooded secondary thickets between Sange and Bango Aquitamba; unripe fr. May 1855. No. 406. A young tree never seen to flower, with somewhat the habit of Mutiije (Mi/ristica (()irjolen>iis Welw. herb. nos. 781 and 782). At the banks of the river Cuango, April 185G. Leaves ranging up to 11 in. long by 4^ in. broad. Determination doubtful. No. 6706 /'. 'PiNoo Andonoii. — A loosely branched tree, 10 to 15 ft. high or occasionally attaining 25 ft., Avith the habit almost of SaH.r I'njiria L. ; leaves softly coriaceous, deep green : fruit drupaceous or baccate, bright scarlet or brick-red when ripe, monopyrenous. In thickets at the sides of the gigantic rocks of the priesidium, rather rare, fr. end of Jan. 1857 ; also in damp wooded rocky places in Barranco de Songue, fr. Feb. 1857. No. 404. This is apparently the Antidesmacea mentioned by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 547, n. 72 (1851)). The following No., with comparatively large (6 to 7 in. long by 3ji to 4 in. broad) and nearly glabrate foliage, may be com- pared with thi.s species and its varieties ; in the absence of flowci*s there is no certainty. 966 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Antidesiua GoLUNGO Alt(\ — A shrub 2 or 3 ft. high or perhaps a young tree. By the Ambaca road, without fl. or fr., Febr. 1855. No. 6706 c. 13. HYMENOCARDIA Wall.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.iii. p. 285- 1. H. acida Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xv. p. 256 (1851) ; Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 477 (1866) ; Oliv. & Grant in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 145, t. 94 (1875). Ambaca. — A much branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems erect ; branches patent, as well as the branchlets brickred-pulverulent ; leaves membranous, yellowish-lepidote beneath, the adult ones coriaceous ; flowers dioecious. By thickets between X-gombe and Puri Cacarambola, sparingly ; fl. and unripe fr. Oct. 185(). No. 414. A patently branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems numerous ; leaves glossy, somewhat fleshy and rigid, subglaucescent ; fruit samaroid, obcordate, flatly compressed, purplish ; styles 2. At the same place as the last No. ; ripe fr. Oct. 1856. No. 414&. PuNGo Andongo. — A shrub, 5 to 6 or occasionally only 3 ft. high ; branches and branchlets rigid, very hard ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, hard, glandular-punctate beneath ; fruit rosy-greenish-yellowish or rosy-purple. In thickets at the banks of the river Luxillo ; f r. Feb. 1857. No. 413. HuiLLA. — A small, tortuously branched tree of 6 to 10 ft. or usually a shrub 5 ft. high ; leaves glandular-punctate beneath. In rather open woods among shrubs, at the Lopollo cataract, between LopoUo and Monino, in company with Sapindacere {DodouKu riscosa Jacq. ; Welw. herb. no. 1692) and Myrtaceee (cf. Eugenia (ju'meeiiais, var. huiUeii-^is ; Welw. herb. no. 4402) ; also in the Proteaceous forests of the Monino ; fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 412i. A shrub as tall as a man, occasionally arborescent and 8 ft. high ; branches divaricate ; leaves clothed beneath with sulphur or saffron-coloured glands : flowers reddish. In elevated rocky places in Morro de Lopollo on the high plateau of Huilla towards Nene ; male fl. Feb. 1860. No. 412. At Malange it is called " Mupeixe "; see Bol. Soc. Brot. xvi. p. 55 (1899). 2. H. ulmoides Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 29, 1. 1131 (1873) ; Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, fig. 19, A— C (p. 29) (1890). GoLL'NGO Alto. — A tree 20 to 30 ft. high, at times only a shrub of 3 to 8 ft. ; trunk 12 to 16 in. in diameter at the base, straight ; head widely spreading ; habit like an elm or Myrtaceous ; flowers dioecious ; female flowers reddish, apetalous ; calyx deeply 5-partite, almost 5-sepalous ; the segments lanceolate, sometimes entire and acute, in other cases with two of them bilobed almost to the middle and broader than the rest ; ovary flattened, bilocular, the cells bi-ovulate, the ovules pendulous from the apex of the cells ; styles 2, elongated, diverging ; fruit samaroid, lyrate, with a deep narrow incision at the apex, emarginate with the angle rounded and the rounded lobes incumbent at the apex, reddish or rosy greenish in the living state ; seeds i in. long, black ; testa minutely wrinkled ; embryo straight, ^ in. long ; cotyledons thinly membranous, whitish, elongate-ovate, obtuse, tri- nerved at the base, the lateral nerves short, the intermediate nerve running the whole length of the lamina ; radicle cylindrical, clavate, half as long as the cotyledons or a little shorter ; albumen somewhat horny. In th^ less dense primitive forests at the banks of the river llijmenocardia] c.w. ELrnonBiACE.E. 967 Cuango, occasional : female H. Dec. 1855, fr. June IKftO. No. 410. Alto Queta ; fl. and fr. Feb.. May and June 18:.5. No. 410/'. CA/,r.N<;<>. — A much-branched tree IJ ft. high, with a dense head. In wooded rocky places on the right bank of the river Luinha, at an elevation of about 180ii feet ; ripe fr. June 185r>. No. 411. In Golungo Alto the native name is '• Gusuzu " (used also for C'oiiihr' turn ilijit, run) AVelw.) ; the Cabinda name is " Sanha." 14. THECACORIS Adr. Juss.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen PI. iii. p. 280. 1. T. Trichogyne Miiell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii, p. 328 (18G4), and in DC. Pnulr. xv. 2, p. 246 (18GG). PrMio Am'om:<>. — A small, sparingly and patently branched tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; head lax ; Ijranches and branchlets slender, some- what flexuous : leaves coriaceous, somewhat shining : flowers greenish, the male ones like tho.se of Aiit'>i.uN(ii> Ai.To. — An evergreen tree. 15 to 20 ft. high, with a broad leafy head, twisted branches, pendulous branchlets, and baccate fruit ; unripe berries exactly spherical, green, borne on a pentaphyllous calyx, apiculate with the remains of the styles, trispermous. In the shady forests of the Alto Queta mountains at the base of the Serra, from Camilungo to Sange, sporadic ; young fr. June 18.')5. No. 356. A small tree, with twisted branches, drooping or pendulous branchlets and pentamerous orange-red flowers. In the very dense Alto Queta forests, rather rare : male fl. beginning of June 1855. No. 355A. A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; head widely spreading : trunk branching at the height of 4 to 5 ft. ; branches divaricate, at length quite patent, with drooping branchlets and virgate twigs : leaves evergreen, glabrous except very sparse hairs, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, scarcely pellucid- punctate, deep green and glossy above, pallid and remarkably glossy beneath : flowers dioecious, axillary ; peduncles unequal ; calyx of the female flowers subcampanulate, 5-cleft, with obtuse ciliate segments ; petals 5, obliquely obovate, imbricate in the bud, rotately patent in the flower, bright scarlet or whitish-red, white-tomentellous outside, ciliate on the margin, hypogynous ; ovary central, obovoid, subsessilo, somewhat flat at the top, crowned with 6 penicillate stigmas which radiate from the centre towards the circumference : half-ripe capsule green, subglobose, more or less conspicuously trisulcate outside or tricoccous, trilocular : the cells monospermous. In the more elevated dense primitive forests of mount Cungulungulo in Sobato Cabanga Cacalungo and in the Alto Queta mountains, sporadic ; female fl. and young fr. beginning of Nov. and 4 Dec. 1855, and in Feb. and March 185G. No. 355. The following No. appears to be an undescribed species of Microdesmis : — A dioecious tree ; trunk branchedly spiny ; leaves oval, shortly and obtusely subacuminate at the apex, nearly rounded unequal and inconspicuously 3- to 5-nerved at the base, thinly coriaceous, 968 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Jlicrodesniis glabrous, distantly penniveined above the base, delicately re- ticulate, 3~ in. long by 2 in. broad, somewhat glossy on both faces, slightly paler beneath, remotely crenate-serrate ; petiole somewhat dusky, channelled above, -?; in. long ; infrutescence racemose or further branched, glabrous ; pedicels about ^ in. long, often lenticellate, patent ; fruit ellipsoidal, longitudinally marked with 5 or 6 broad ridges and intervening furrows, transversely furrowed across the middle, glabrous or minutely glandular, narrowed near the apex where it is crowned with the persistent glabrous reflected adpressed 5 or 6 styles which are connate at the base somewhat dilated at the apex and measure t^- to Jj in. long, narrowed near the base where remains the small glabrous or minutely glandular 5-cleft calyx, 5- or 6-celled, indehiscent, f in. long, i in. in diameter ; seeds solitary in the cells. GrOLUXGO Alto. — Among the Queta mountains ; fr. Dec. 1855. Coll. Carp. 934. 16. JATROPHA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 290. 1. J. Curcas L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1006 (1753) ; Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. XV. 2, p. 1080 (1866); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 250 (1884) ; Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, fig. 45 (p. 75) (1890). Curcas 2^urgans Medic. Malv. Fam. p. 119 (1787); Welw. Apontam. p. 564, sub n. 153 (1859). GoLUNGO Alto. — Usually a shrub of 5 to 7 ft., but in the moun- tainous parts of Sobato de Bumba and also near Bango arborescent with a trunk 8 to 10 ft. high and 9 in. in diameter. Everywhere wild about negro villages ; also far from the dwellings of the natives in lonely places, and at the outskirts of thickets especially on a poor soil, sporadic nearly always, rarely in groups : also cultivated by fences as well as occasionally quasi-spontaneous, as for instance about Bango Aquitamba at Cerco do Cimiterio de Bango ; fl. Dec. 1854 and Feb. 1855. The so-called "tapumes" (enclosures) round the " cubatas " (huts) of the negroes are frequently made of these bushes. No. 303. No notes ; fr. Cull. Caiu-. 928. The negroes call this plant " Mupuluca." Two or three of the seeds for a dose are used as a purgative medicine. Island of St. Thomas. — No notes. Leaves only. Local name " Glon." Determination quite doubtful. No. 6766. Fr. Dec. 1860. Called " Purge do Ilha de S. Thomu." Apparently this plant. Coll. Carp. 929. The following No. somewhat resembles this species, but the branches, petioles and nerves of the leaves are pubescent and the leaf -blades are denticulate with the short productions of the veinlets beyond the margins; if of tliis genus, it is probably a distinct species : — GoLUXGO Aj.to. — A small tree, 4 ft. high ; branches virgate- elongated, erect-spreading, here and there aculeate. In the rather dense Quibanga forests near Sans^e : without fl. or fr. May 1856. No. 4899. Jatrophn\ cxv. EiPiroRniACE.f:. 9G9 2. J. glandulifera Koxl). lloit. bengal, p. G;) (Lsl4), and Fl. lud. iii. p. 688 (1832) ; Muell. arg., I.e., p. 108I-. ,/. rjlauca Willf this tree grew the Fungus n. 77, Exosporium cehitum A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. xxxvi. p. 179 (\Sd8) — Sj)oi-vlpsiaium cclatuiii Welw. and Curr. in Trans. Linn. 8oc. xxvi. p. 292 (18G8). The following No. possibly belongs here : — GoLUNGo Alto. — An undershrub or a shrul), subsequently burnt down. Below Rodrigo's house ; leaves only. No. 6731. 4. C. oxypetalus Muell. arg. in Jonrn. Bot., I.e., p. 339, and in DC, I.e., p. 543. PrxGo Andonuo. — A tree, l.o to 20 ft. high ; head broadly frondose, widely spreading, hemispherical, depressed at the top ; leaves of full- grown trees sulphur-yellow beneath ; flowers monoecious, yellowish. In rather dense forests in ^lata de Cabondo in the prassidium, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1^50 to March 1857. Native name " Mubango de Cabondo." No. 346. 5. C. pyrifolius Muell. arg. in Journ. But.. I.e., p. 338, and in DC, I.e., p. 550. G<>LUN(;() Alto. — A broadly frondose tree, 20 ft. high ; trunk li ft. in diameter at the base ; flowers monoecious, white ; habit like a poplar's. In forests at the river Quiapoze in Sobato de Mussengue, H. beginning of Jan. 18.')G : and at Bumba de Bango, fl. beginning of Jan. 1855 ; also in rather elevated dense primitive forests at the Capopa spring near Sange, Jan. to March iSoG. This tree prefers the densest forests ; the native name is '" Mubango ih. muxito." No. 344. The Fungus n. 412 grew on the small trunk of a Croton (perhaps this species) in Mata de Quibanga in Jan. 1855. 6. C. angolensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 339, and in DC, I.e., p. G02. PuNGo Anuon<;o.— A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high ; branches virgate, spreading, leafy towards the apex. Seen only in the shady wooded part of Mata de Pungo, near Pungo Andongo ; one individual, with very few flowering shoots ; male fl. Jan. 1857. No. 392. 18. RICINODENDRON Muell. arg.; Benth. vt Hook. f. Gen. PI. ill. p. 297. 1. R. africanum Muell. arg. in Flora 18G4, p. 533 (9 Nov.) and in DC Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1111 (18GG) {africcmus); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 251 (1884). GoLlNGO Alto. — A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, or rarely more, with its trunk straight, and from its base to two-thirds of its height divested of branches, somewhat resembling a large Carica Papaya L. ; wood 972 cxv. EUPHORBiACEiE. [Eicinodenclron white and even in grain like that of a Tilia and used for the same purposes ; bark of the branches and upper part of the trunk bright herbaceous-green, smooth, deeply fuiTowed, thin, patent, crowded at the top of the trunk ; leaves palmate ; leaflets 5 to 7, peltately arranged ; petiole very long, bi-stipulate at the base ; stipules lateral, large, uniform, crest-like, digitately laciniate, or deeply dentate- fimbriate on the margin, spreading horizontally, semi-amplexicaul ; flowers dioecious, lightly paniculate, the whole inflorescence from dusky to yellowish tomentose ; corolla of the male flowers yellowish ; glands among the stamens 5, large. Hap thin, and of nearly every part greenish-watery and viscid ; at length when dry forming a brown resin. In the elevated primitive forests of Serra de Alto Queta, in the Sobatos of Bumba and Banga Aquitamba and near Banza de Bumba, sporadic : without fl. June 1855 ; with fl. 22 Oct. 1855. No. 443. CxVZKNCio. — A tree, 20 to 40 ft. high ; head widely spreading ; wood whitish, like that of TUia ; leaves 5- to 7-cleft ; flowers dicBcious. By a road ; fr. June 1855. Coll. Cakp. 931. Negro name " Munguella." The following No. perhaps belongs here; the negroes of the distx-ict also call it " Munguella " : — Cazengo. — A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high ; trunk bare for a long distance from below, loosely branched at the apex ; branches patent-erect, elongated, leafless at the base, furnished towards the apex with long- stalked leaves ; leaflets (in one case) 7, elliptical-oblong, cuspidate at the apex, wedgeshaped to the sessile base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, deep green and somewhat glossy above, paler beneath, entire or with a few mostly obsolete glandlike teeth on the margin, peltately placed on the petioles, the largest nearly a foot long by 3i in. broad ; petioles ranging up to 2^ ft. long, deeply furrowed, glabrous. In the more elevated dense primitive forests of Serra de Muxaula ; without fl. or fr. June 1855. No. 444. 19. MANNIOPHYTON Muell. arg. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 297. Anisochlmni/sWelw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii.p. 332(1864). 1. M. fulvum Mviell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., and in DC. Prodr, XV. 2, p. 720 (1866). Anisochlamys2wl)/mo7'2)haWehy. ex INIuell. arg. in Journ. Bot.,^.c. GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub climbing among other shrubs, with sarmentose branches, 12 to 20 ft. long, beset with straight rigid horizontally spreading stinging hairs ; sap watery; leaves very variable in shape ; flowers dicecious. Calyx of the male flowers bifid or trifid, the lobes irregular and obsoletely 1- to 2- toothed at the apex ; corolla from whitish to yellowish, cyathiform-campanulate, irregularly den- ticulate at the mouth, inserted at the bottom of the calyx, strictly gamopetalous; stamens more than 12, inserted without order on the thin glandular disk which is hispidulous on the margin, as long as the corolla ; anthers cordate, introrse, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally, exserted or subexserted, yellowish ; rudiments of the ovary 0. Calyx of the female flower regularly 5-toothed, almost 5-lobed, the teeth acute ; petals 5, obovate, yellow-greenish, inserted at the outer base of the glandular thin disk, larger and longer than the calyx, paten t at the time of the flowering ; ovary sessile on the disk, hispid ; styles arching-patent, stigmatose at the apex. In the dense primitive forests Manniojihj/Uiii'] cxv. EurnouBiACE.B. 'J73 of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, not uncommon : II. begin- ning of Dec. 18."»r» : also at the banks of the rivulet Catc in Sobato de JJumha, not plentiful ; leaves deeply trifid : without fi. Jan. \HUb. No. 349. A scandent shrub, with very polymorphous foliage. In the denser forests of the Queta mountains ; without II. Dec. It^.'io. No. 350. A robust, climbing shrub, with stinging leaves and a Menispermaceous habit. Queta Carengue ; fr. May 185G. Coi.i.. C.\Kr. It33. I.^i.ANP or St. Tiii>M.\>!. — In wooded mountainous places at Fazenda do Monte Caif e ; without H. Dec. 18('i0. Called "Congo gloncongo." Leaves not trifid, very like the usual ones in this species. No. 463. 20. CLUTIA Loerh., L.; Bonth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 302 {Chnjtia). I. C. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Jonrn, Bot. ii. p. 337 (18G4), and in DC. riudr. xv. 2, p. 1052 (18GG) {Clw/tia). HriLL.v. — A perennial herb, with the habit of the genus and of PlnjUnntJins ; rootstock' very thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems several, 1 to li ft. long and more ; straight, but little branched ; leaves glaucescent, somewhat fleshy ; flowers yellowish. In rocky thickets near Mumpulla, plentiful, in company with species of Gniilia (cf. G. Rendhi; Welw. herb. no. 6478), Theshna (cf. T. lo,,„lJ(nsr ; Welw. herb. no. ()437), (Jio/ris ahi/sshiiai. Hochst. (Welw. herb, no. 0438), and other Euphorbiacea3 ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 338. 21. AGROSTISTACHYS Dalz. (1850); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 3(12. 1. A. africana Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 534, and in DC. Prodr. XV. 2, p. 725 (186G). Island of St. TlI«>M.\^;. — In mountainous primitive forest, about 2000 ft. alt., at Fazenda de Monte Caffe ; unripe fr. Dec. 1800. No. 441. 22. MANIHOT Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iil p. 306. 1. M. utilissima Pohl, PI. Bras. i. p. 32, t. 24 (1827) ; Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 10G4 (1866) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, j). 251 (1884): Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflnnzenfam. iii. 5, tig. 49 (p. 80) (1891). Jatropha ManiJiot L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1007 (1753). ^F. edule A. Plich. in Ramon de la Sagra Hist. Cuba, xi. p. 208 (1850); Welw. Apontam. p. 503, .sub n. 153 (1859) {edulis). J/. Aipi Welw., I.e., p. 564 ; non Pohl. LoANDA.— Very frequently cultivated throughout the district, but rarely flowering : at Represa do Magellaes near Boa Vista ; fl, and fr. end of :March 1854. No. 301. GdiANGo Alto. — A slender shrub, to 9 ft. high. In the very dense forests of Cungulungulo near Vistalegre, quasi-spontaneoTis ; without fl. or fr. Feb. lS5.j. No. 302. ^InssAMF.DES. — An undcrshrub, 4 to ft. high : stems and petioles rosy-purplish ; flowers yellowish. Cultivated in large quantities throughout the district for the sake of its tuberous root, which weighs from to 25 lb., and is by no means so poisonous as is commonly reported; Arimo de Senhor Paiva, on the Giraid ; fr. 15 July 1859. 974 cxv. EUPHORBiACE^. [3fcmihot Colonial name '* Mandioca," " Manhioca," " Farinha do pao," " Man- dioce doce," etc. No. 300 and Coll. Carp. 922. A form with the lower leaves trifid and the upper leaves quinquefid. In the Giraul fields mixed with the ordinary form ; fr. July 1859. No. 300/a This is the most valuable among the cultivated plants of the family in Angola ; it is extensively cultivated in all parts of the province, and provides the bread of the negro population ; it is also eaten in the raw state, just as it is removed from the soil, without even the least injurious results ; it consequently can there contain little or none of the poisonous principle which appears to abound in the greater part of the varieties of the species or of the allied species which are culti- vated in tropical America. See Welw., Z.c, p. 5G4. The very fine meal which is obtained from the roots is called '' Fuba," " Fuva," or " Fuba iii N-bombo; " and in course of its preparation sieves (those of an Egyptian pattern are called " Mussalo " or " N-salo " [?]) are used in the mountainous districts of Golungo Alto, Ambaca, etc., made from the textile plants called " Subi," that is, Domrx purpurea K. Schum. and Phnjnium textile Ridl. The tubers are called "Caringa." Fuba, mixed with the pounded root of Amomwii erythrocaipum Ridl., is a remedy for pains of the abdomen. Manioc is almost wild in the Quilombo-Quiacatubia forests in Golungo Alto, where it occurs as a shrub 9 ft. high ; but its root is then by no means thick, and is scarcely edible owing to its bitterness. In Pungo Andongo the fuba meal is made into dry cakes, which keep a long time and are called " Quiquanga," or " Quicoanga," or " Bombo." " Quinbombo " is a fermented drink prepared from mandioc and other meal ; it is also called " Pombe," and when sweetened with honey it is called " Cassulo." The negroes of Sange purposely throw into the adjacent streams, the Cuango and Quiapose, roots of mandioc, in order to make the waters more tasty ; the putrid smell thus produced causes the other inhabitants to fetch their drinking water from the small spring of Quiquele-quele on the north-west of the town. At Loanda the plant is called " Quisaca." The word i][andioca, although used at times by the people of the interior of Angola, is not strictly derived from the Bunda language, but, according to Jose' Villela de Barros (Memor. da Ac. R. d. Sc. de Lisboa, vol. vii., Mem. Corresp. p. 52, 1821), belongs to the idiom of the American Indians, and is compounded of ramicli = bouse, and oca = bread. There are two varieties of the plant, one called mandioca hranca or white mandioc (caxora), and the other mandioca roxa or purple mandioc, that is, with violet-red petioles and stem. 23. HASSKARLIA Bail!. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. iii. p. 308. 1. H. didymostemon Baill. Adansonia, i. p. 52 (1860); Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 774 (1866) ; Ficallio, PI. Uteis, p. 257 (1884). Golungo Alto. — A branched shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high, perhaps a tree ; branches sometimes pendulous, sometimes sarmentose-scandent, flexuous, nodes tumid ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, brittle ; unripe berries green. In rather elevated secondary woods, sprung up after cultivation of the land, in Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia : fr. Feb. 1855. Also an evergreen tree of moderatesize, in Mata de Quisuculo, 8 Sept. 1855. No. 357- Island of St. Thomas.— A tree. In rather elevated mixed Ilasskarlia] cxv. eupiiorbiace.e. 975 primitive mountainous forest; young fr. end of Dec. 18G0. Native name " Brauco ' or " Pau branco " (white wood). No. 358. 21. CLAOXYLON Adr. Jus.s. ; Benth. dsHook. f. Cen. VI iii. p. 309. 1. C. Welwitschianum ISIufll. arg. in Jouni. But. ii. p. 333 (1SG4;, and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 77G (18G6). GoMXGo Alto. — A slender tree, 10 to 1;') ft. hi<,'h. or rarely 20 ft. ; trunk scarcely 3 in. in diameter ; brandies almost horizontally patent ; branchlets with cartilaginous scales at the base : flowers diojcious, greenish. In the primitive forests of Serra de Alto Quota, sporadic ; fl.-bud beginning of Nov. 1K55, male H. Dec. 1^55 and Jan. I8;j<), unripe and nearly ripe fr. Jan. and Feb. 185(). No. 398. Arillode of the seeds bright scarlet, viscid. Among the Queta mountains, pro- miscuously with male individuals : female fl. Dec. 18r>.'), fr. Feb. 18.')r). No. 398/'. A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high : head widely .si)reading ; branches patent, whitish ; leaves membranous ; fruit geminately dicoccous ; arillode scarlet. On the slopes of rather dense forests towards the river Zenza, on the right bank ; fr. March l.S,')i'). No. 397- 2. C. angolense Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 333, and in DC, I.e., p. 777. Prxoo AxDoxco. — A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with several stems. In rocky rather poor thickets near Luxillo, not plentiful ; female fl. and fr. Feb. 18.')?. No. 399. 3. C. pauciflorum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 333, and in DC, I.e., p. 778. LoAXD.v. — A shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, much branched from the base ; stems oblique or ascending ; branches whitish bay : leaf-buds and floral bracts cartilaginous, bay-coloured, rounded, concave ; leaves mem- branous, herbaceous-green, drying blackish green like some UrticaceaJ ; flowers dioecious ; male flowers greenish : fruit pendulous on slender pedicels, didymous : endocarp somewhat fleshy, scarlet. In somewhat dry sandy hilly places, in short grass among other shrubs, near ]\Iuseque de S. Flores above Loanda to the south-west ; fl. Feb., fr. April 185-1. No. 400. 4. C. Trichogyne Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, and in DC, Lc, p. 778. GoLUXGo Alto. — A virgately branched shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high ; bark whitish ; stipules cartilaginous. By fences in fields after the burning of the forest, near Sange, rather rare ; fr. June 1855. No. 396. 5. C. triste Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, and in DC, I.e., p. 770. Huir.LA. — A shrublet, H to 3 ft. high, branched from the base ; hi'anches erect ; leaves herbaceous-green, somewhat limp, thinly fleshy, 2 to 4 together proceeding from a cartilaginous sheath, shortly petiolate ; flowers apparently dioecious : fruit mostly twin, that is, dicoccous, rarely monococcous by the abortion of one of the cocci, as large as a peppercorn ; cocci green, bivalvular, monospenuous : seed perfectly spherical, enclosed in a very bright scarlet arillode. In rocky thickets at an elevation of 5000 ft., near Humpata, rather rare ; fr. Dec. 1859. No. 390. A melancholy shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, with erect little trunks. In rocky elevated thickets in Morro de Lopollo ; without fl. or fr. end of Jan. 1800. No. 391. 976 CXV. EUPHORBIACEyE. [ClciOXi/loil 6. C. oecidentale Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 438, and in DC, I.e., p. 779. Island of St. Thomas. — In primitive forest at an elevation from 1800 to 2000 ft., on Monte Caflfd ; scarcely in fl. Dec. 1860. No. 442. 7. C. Mercurialis Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. p. 271 (1861) ; Muell. arg., I.e., p. 790. Tragia Mercurialis L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 980. 2Iicrococca Mercurialis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 503 (1849). GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual or biennial herb, with the habit of Mercurialis annua L., customarily erect, rarely procumbent. In sandy places flooded in the summer rainy season and in moist neglected places of cultivation, in Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1855. No. 394. PuNGo Andongo. — An annual herb, when in the flowering state nearly always damaged by insects. In gravelly places at the base of Pedra Cabondo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. Jfo. 395. 25. ACALYPHA Royen, L. ; Benth. k Hook, f . Gen. PI. iii.p.31 1. 1. A. paniculata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2, p. 406 (1859) ; Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 802 (1866). Ricinocarpus villosus, 8. raceinosus 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 616 (1891). GoLrxGO Alto. — A sparingly branched herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with an Urticaceous habit. At the outskirts of forests, among bushes and tall herbs, near Sange and Bango, tolerably plentiful ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. Also in fields near Sange ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1 855. No. 420. 2. A. fuscescens Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 821, n, 52. A.dumetorttm^lweW. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 334 (1864) as to specimen Welw. n. 430 only. Ricinocarpus fuscescens 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618. PuNGO Andongo.— A herb, 1 to H ft. high ; rootstock thick, woody, polycephalous \ stems numerous, erect or oblique ; leaves loosely pilose, deep green above, paler beneath ; among bushes and scattered herbs near Caghuy in the presidium ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 430. 3. A. dumetorum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, pai-tly, and in DC, I.e., p. 821, n. 53. Pdcinoearpus dumetorum 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617. HuiLLA.— An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches virgate, leafy towards the apex. In rather dense craggy thickets between Nene and Lopollo ; fl. and fr. end of Oct. and begin- ning of Nov. 1859. Also in rocky places near MumpuUa ; Oct. 1859. No. 432. An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stigmas brilliantly reddish. At the outskirts of the forest at Monino, among tall herbs, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 431. 4. A. ornata Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 1414 {U.i., 1842), and iii. n. 1647 {U.i., 1844) ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 247 (1851); Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 833. Ricinocarpus ornatus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618. Var. glandulosa Muell. arg. in Linnsea, xxxiv. p. 19 (1865), and in DC, I.e. Ac(tli/]>ha] f XV. ErpnoRHiACE.*:. 977 GoLUNCU) Alto. — An erect unclershruh. 'J to 4 ft. hij,'h, sparingly and patently branclied towards tht- apex ; feniaU- llowers sometimeH above, sometimes below the male flowers. In moist thickets near Trombeta ; fi. Sept. 1854. No. 439- A perennial iierb or an under- sbrub or sometimes a shrub, 2 to 4 or rarely 5 ft. liiLjh, with quite the habit of an Urlica ; stem erect, sparingly branched at the apt-.x ; branches spreading, virgate ; leaves bright green, patent and nearly pendulous or deflected-pendulous while others are fasciculately erect. Male flowers below, reddish, with 8 to G white anthers ; filaments of the stamens hyaline, flattened, transversely and very closely septate, somehow elastic ; the stamens on the opening of the perianth are slowly elongated by the extension of tiie .septa and spread upon the limb of the perianth in the form of a star, but at the slightest touch they spring against the centre of the flower, and therefore just reversely to the case of Pilna in which on the centre of the flower being touched the stamens spring against the circumference. Female flowers congre- gated in blood-red comose spikes. At the outskirts of thickets in moist shady places nearly throughout the district, plentiful, flowering and fruiting from October to ]\Iarch ; near Sange, N-delle, Fundo Cacarambola, and in ]\Iata de Quibauga in Sobato Mussengue ; fl. Dec. 1855 and jMarch 185G. No. 438. Pux(K) AxDONCit). — A patently branched undershrub of 3 ft. high or a shrub 4 to 6 ft. high ; flowers greenish, unisexual, the male flowers on the upper part of the plant. In rocky places at the outskirts of forests in the praesidium, sporadic ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 437. 5. A. Welwitschiana Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, and in DC, I.e., p. 834. Ricinoearpus Welvntschianus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. G18. PuNGO Andoxgo. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, branched sparingly and only at the apex. At the outskirts of forests among tall herbs, near Luxillo ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 1857. No. 433. G. A. angolensis Muell. arg. ll.cc, pp. 335, 835. Ricinoearpus anyolensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617. PuNGo Andoxgo. — An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 4 ft. high. In thickets at the outskirts of the forest near Catete in the praesidium ; female fl. Feb. 1857. No. 434- 7. A. polymorpha Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 335, and in DC, I.e., p. 835. Ricinoearpus poh/morpJiU^ O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618. a, elliptica Muell. arg., ll.ec. HriLi.A.- lu hilly sandy-schistose sparingly bushy places covered with sand, near Lopollo, in company with species of Thymelaeaceae (cf. Gnidia ILiepfneriana Gilg. ; Welw. herb. no. 0479) and Irideac ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 429. y8, sericea Muell. arg., ll.ec. Hiii.i.A. — In rather dry rocky thicket near ^lumpulla, sparingly ; fl. Oct. 18o'.*. Only one specimen preserved. No. 421. y, oblongifolia Muell. arg., lice., pp. 335, 836. Hull. I. A. — In pastures decked with species of Clemati.t (cf. C. chri/.fo- carpa Welw. herb. no. 12J2) and Thymelieace;e (cf. Gnidia Rendlei ; Welw. herb. no. G478), among low bushes, between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola, very sparingly ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 428. 63 978 cxv. EUPHORBiACE.E. [Accilypha S, angustifolia Muell. arg., ll.cc, pp. 335, 836. HuiLLA. — In rocky pastures, among low herbs, between Mumpulla and Humpata, at an elevation from 4000 to 4200 ft. ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 422. In somewhat rocky pastures, among low bushes, between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859. No. 423. c, depauperata Miaell. arg., ll.cc, pp. 335, 836. HuiLLA.— A herb, 5 to 9 in. high ; rootstock thick, woody, poly- cephalous ; stems casspitose, erect, but little branched ; flowers monoecious ; anthers red. In somewhat dry rocky pastures or thickets, among low bushes, about Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. end of Oct. and beginning of Nov. 1859. No. 424- 8. A. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 335, and in DC, I.e., p. 844. Ricinocarpits benguehnsis 0. Kvintze, I.e., p. 617. a, Trichogyne Muell. arg., ll.cc. HuiLLA. — A perennial herb, 1 to H ft. high ; stems erect, shortly branched at the base. In herbaceous wooded places at Monino near Lopollo not abundant ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 435. (i, Adenogyne Muell. arg., ll.cc, pp. 336, 844. PuNGO Andongo. — A herb lasting for several years, 6 in. high or more ; rootstock thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous, ascending, rarely erect, branched at the base ; flowers greenish purple ; stigmas purple. In sandy thickets between the presidium and the river Cuanza, plentiful ; fl. and unripe fr. Feb. 1857. Also in bushy rough and gravelly places near Pungo Andongo ; fl. Dec. 1856. No. 436. 9. A. indica L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1003 (1753) ; Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 868. Rieinocarpus indicus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618. LoANDA. — An annual herb, somewhat woody at the base, with a disagreeable mouse-like smell ; sap watery ; flowers monoecious, the male ones clustered in spikes, the female ones 2 or 3 together seated at the base on the conduplicate bracts of the involucre ; styles penicillately multifid ; capsules tricoccous. On the sparingly herbaceous slopes of Praia de Bispo near Loanda ; fr. 11 May 1858. No. 417. Bumbo. — In neglected fields, after cultivation of Arachis hypogcea L., near Bumbo at the base of Serra da Xella, 15° S. Lat.; about 2000 ft. alt., sparingly ; one specimen in fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 427. 10. A. brachystachya Hornem. Hort. Hafn. p.; 909 (1815); Muell. arg. in DC, I.e., p. 870. Ridnocarpus hrachystaehyus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617. Pungo Andongo. — An annual, slender herb, with an Urticaceous habit. In moist places neglected after cultivation near the prcesidium ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. No. 393. 11. A. Vahliana Muell. arg. in Linnsea xxxiv. p. 43 (1865), and in DC, I.e., p. 873. A. eiliata Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 77. t. 20 (1790) ; non Forsk. (1775). Rieinocarpus Vahlianus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618. Acali/pha] cxv. euphorbiace^:. 979 GoLUNGO Ai,To. — In neglected plots of cultivation tbrouwhout the district, plentiful, especially near Sange and Camilungo ; tl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 419. PcNcio Andknco. — In a kitchen garden in the prasidium : 11. and fr. end of Jan. 1H57. No. 418. 12. A. segetalis ]\Iuell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 3.jG, and in DC, I.e., p. 877. Ricinocarpus segetalis O. Kuut/.e, I.e., p. G18. C.oi.rNUd Ai/i'o. — In somewhat shady places among low herbs at the banks of the river Cuango near Sange ; H. Juno 185G. No. 440. In neglected fields after crops of Arnclns hypogmi L., near Sange, only one specimen ; H. aad fr. Sept. 18.55. No. 389. Among crops of Antchlt^ hypoijoia L., plentiful, especially near Camilungo ; fl. and f r. Jan., March, and May 1855. No. 416. Amh.vca. — An annual herb : the principal stem erect, the lower ones ascending. Among plantations of Phaseolns and Arachis hypngftn L., nearly throughout the district; near Ambaca, fl. and fr. Sept. IS.'iG. No. 4166. 2G. ALCHORNEA Swartz; 13enth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 314. 1. A. floribunda :Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 435, and in DC. Prodr. XV. -1, p. 9U5 (18G6). p, glabrata Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 336 (1864), and in DC, I.e. PuNGo Andongo. — A shrub, 7 to 9 ft. high, perhaps arborescent ; stem and branches elongated, slender, purple ; male and female flowers very bright red-scarlet ; style elongated, erect : capsules 3- or rarely 4-coccous. In the dense forest close to the cataract of Mata de Cabondo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 352. 2. A. cordata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 507 (1849); non Muell. arg. (1866). Schottsbcea cordifolia Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Yiden.sk. Selsk. iv. p. 223 (1829). A. cordifolia Muell. arg. in Linnasa, xxxiv. p. 170 (1865), and in DC, I.e., p. 908 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 257 (1884). GoF.fNGO Ai.To. — An arborescent shrub 8 to 12 ft. high or a small tree of 10 to 15 ft., sometimes standing erect, in other cases subscandent with long virgate sarmentose branches ; leaves coriaceous, shining, glandular at the base of the nerves ; flowers dioecious, paniculate, yellowisb ; panicles mostly springing from the trunk or older branches, drooping-pendulous ; fruit elongated-didymous : seeds wrapped in a scarlet arillode. In damp places by wooded thickets and close to streams throughout the district, plentiful ; at the rivulet Quiapoze near Sange ; nearly ripe fr. end of Nov. 1855, and female fl. Sept. 185G ; about Sange and JBango, fl. and fr. Aug. and Oct. 1855 and Aug. 185G ; Terras de Bumba, fl. beginning of Aug. 185G. Native name " Dunce " or " Bunce." A black dye is prepared by the negroes by baking this plant mixed with the mud of a stream. No. 379. The Lichen n. 2G1 grew on the leaves of this plant at the stream Quiapoze near Sange m March 1855. Puince's INLAND. — A shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, with numerous stems at the base. In sandy seaside thickets near Bahia de S. Antonio ; unripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 378. 980 CXV. EUPHOKBIACEiE. [Alcho7'7iea Island of St. Thomas. — In gravelly places by streams among the mountains, also in the coast region ; young fr. end of Dec. 1860. Native name "Bugi-Bugi." No. 377. The name "Bugi-Bugi" is also used in St. Thomas for Claoxyhn Molleri Pax. The name " Dunce " is used in Pungo Andongo for Lepidoturus occideiitalis Muell. arg. 27. LEPIDOTURUS Baill. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 316 ; non Bojer. 1. L. occidentalis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 332 (1864), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 898 (1866). Pungo Andongo. — A shrub as tall as a man, perhaps a young tree ; leaves membranous, very bright green, remarkable for a long linear obtuse acumen. In wooded places near Luxillo ; a few specimens in fr. March 1857. No. 407- A slender tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; trunk straight, scarcely an inch in diameter, divaricately branched at the apex ; head lax ; branchlets slender ; leaves membranous. In damp bushy places near Catete ; without expanded fl., a few specimens with male fl.-buds May 1857. No. 407^. A shrub nearly as tall as a man ; stems numerous, virgate ; leaves membranous, caducous at the time of the flowering ; spikes of flowers yellowish-reddish. In damp thickets near Catete in the presidium ; nearly leafless, with young male fl. end of May 1857. No. 408. The natives in this district call the plant " Dunce " ; it has the general appearance of a birch tree, and is likewise used for dyeing black. The Fungus n. 500 grew on the leaves of a climbing deciduous shrub of this Family, probably this species, at Barranco de Catete in May 1857. According to a ms. note of Welwitsch the name " Dunce " is also used for Acridocarjms {Sphedamnocarpwi). 28. NEOBOUTONIA Muell. arg.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 317. 1. N. africana Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 336 (1864), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 892 (1866) ; Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. p. 77, tt. 1298-1299 (1879). GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk 8 in. in diameter, bare of branches to the height of 6 to 8 ft., then branched ; branches patent, long, curved-ascending ; male flowers white. In the primitive forests of Serra de Alto Queta, rather rare ; male fl. Dec. 1854. No. 359. A shrub 6 to 9 ft. high, perhaps a young tree. In thickets on Mount Cungulungulo near Montalegre ; female fl. Feb. 1855. No. zmh. 29. MALLOTUS Lour.; Benth. & Hook f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 319. 1. M. oppositifolius Muell. arg. in Linnsea, xxxiv. p. 194 (1865), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 976 (1866). Croion oppositifolius Geiseler, Croton. Monogr. p. 23 (1807). Acalyplia ? dentata Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 184 (1829). Claoxyhn cordifolium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 506 (1849). Rottlera dentata Bail!. Adansonia i. p. 69, partly (1860). a. genuinus Muell. arg., ll.cc. GoLUNGO Alto. — A slender, much-branched, subscandent shrub, 3{allotus] (xv. Kuni()UiiiA(i:.K. 981 4 to 5 ft. higli ; l)ark beautifully purple : liranchlets elongated, variously curved, pendulous or ascending ; flowers whitish ; fruit tricoccous. In dense wooded elevated thickets at the Ciipopa spring' near Sange ; fl. and fr. April and May 185.), and Feb. 1860. Also a tree-like form, near Undelle ; fr. June 185.'). No. 342. 30. MACARANGA V. Thouans; Benth. iz Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. :m. 1. M. heterophyUa .M uell. arg. in DO. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 993 (18G6). Mappa het, 731. 34. DALECHAMPIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Oon. PI. iii. p. 330. 1. D. scandens L. Sp. Pi. odit. 1, p. 1054 (1753); Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2. p. 1244 (1866). Var. parvifolia ^luoll. arg., I.e., p. 1245. /). ;)a/Ti/o//a J.am. Encvcl. Meth. ii. p. 258(1786). D. sene- . 70. Urtica grossa E. Meyer ex Drdge in Flora 1813, Bes. Beig. 2, pp. 136, 148, 150, 228. PuNGt) ANnt)NG(\ — An annuiil herb, erect or asceiulin;,' at the base, verv violently stint,'iii<,'. On a rich soil in rocky places near Catete ; fl. Feb. 1H.')7. No. 6273. An erect herb, annual. :5 to 5 ft. high, armed with very vtlnnK'ntly stinging bristle.s : flowers monuecious, greenish, the female ones on the upper i)art of the stem. In .somewhat shady primitive woods in ^lata do I*ungo, growing in masses ; d. and unripe fr. 14 April, 1857. No. 6295. 3. F. podocarpa Wedd. in DC, I.e., p. "•;. Var. fulminans. A mar.shy stoloniterous herb, probably la.sting throughout the year, 1 to 5 ft. high, sometimes almost an under.shrub, of two ditierent forms in respect of tlie inflorescence, more or less pilose with violently stinging hairs ; stolons epigamous and hypogamous; sap watery; hairs of the stem whitish, bent down and jidpres.sed; leaves alternate, ovate or deltoid-ovate, acuminate at the apex, subtruncate or somewhat wedge-shaped at tho trinerved base, penniveined, membranous, reticulate, more or less pilose, detitate, deep green above, paler beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by 1 1- to 2,V in. broad ; basal lateral nerves slender, erect-patent, reaching the margin about the middle of the side of the blade ; penniveins alternate, slender, 5 or 6 on each side in addition to the basal nerves ; reticulation delicate , cystoliths linear on the lower face, not conspicuous, rather punctiform on the upper face ; teeth more or less obtuse, minutely apiculale ; petioles rosy, ranging up to Z\ in. long ; stipules lanceolate or tiliform from a broader base, i to i in. long ; flowers monacious ; the male ones racemose- spicate on fleshy rosy or purplish limp erect-spreading or ascending pedinicles, sometimes in clustered panicles developed on a naked scape which proceeds from the rhizome, sometimes cymose-paniculate in the axils of the leafy stem, fulminating on touch, scape sometimes 2 to 2;^ ft. long ; peduncles of the male inflorescence 1 to 12 in. long, more or less pilose, the inflorescence h to 10^ in. long, the clusters of flowers \ to ir- in. in diameter, subsessile or on short pedicels, the ultimate pedicels very short ; the male perianth usually 5-partite, rarely 4-partite ; the segments equal, ovate-oblong, concave, uninerved, valvate in aestivation, -^.t in. long, whitish green, rosy outside, sparingly seto.se ; stamens usually 5, rarely 4, whitish, transversely furrowed, elastic ; anthers white, before the opening of the flower surrounded with the articulate-hyaline filaments resembling the annulus of ferns, exploding the pollen in an elastic m:mner with a momentary development of heat ; ovary globose, rudimentary ; female flowers several together, sessile, in very loosely racemose clusters, on closely reflected peduncles wliich are almost adj)ress(^d to the stem; style long, ro.sy, terminating in the truncate stigma; fruit often produced underground, couipressed, (ilili(iue]v elliptical, 990 cxvi. URTiCACE^. [Fkurya rather obtusely pointed at both ends, glabrous, i in. long, yV in. broad ; fruiting perianth Jg- in. long, unequally 4 -partite ; the segments oval ; seed y^^ in. long ; embryo yV in. long ; fruiting pedicels very slender, i to -\ in. long. GoLUXGO Alto. — In damp places by streams, abundant, flowering in November and February ; at the river Cuango, fl. Feb. 1855. Nos. 6266, 6296. In especially shady places at the rivulets of Mata de Quisuculo ; fl. and unripe fr. 28 April, 1856. No. 6265. When the flowers explode they produce, by means of an electric discharge, a sense of burning when touched by the hand (Welw. ms.). I have not seen the female flowers. The fibre of the plant is slender and tenacious. This plant should be compared with the var. amphicarpa Engl. Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C, p. 163 (1895), a specimen of which variety I have not seen, but which is given by Engler, I.e., as occurring in the Angola and Lower Congo district. No. 6296 in Herb. Kew. is Girardinia adoensis Wedd. 4. GIRARDIXIA Gaudich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 384. 1. G. adoensis Wedd. in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 4, i. p. 181 (1854). Urtica adoensis Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 101 {U. i., 1840) ; Steud. in Flora xxxiii. p. 259 (1850) ; A. Rich. Fl. Aby.ss. ii. p. 262 (1851). Girardinia sp., Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 203 in note (1852). G. condensata Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. p. 169, t. 2, fig. B (1856), partly; and in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. p. 103 (1869), partly. HuiLLA. — A stinging herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, sparingly branched. In shady places by streams near Monino, at the base of the Morro ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 6289. No. 6296 in Herb. Kew. (not that No. in the study set), is this species. The same plant was collected by Capello, n. 92, in Feb. 1878, on the way from Caconda to Bihe in Angola, and there it is rather common ; the native name is " Lunhi." 5. ADICEA Rafin. Analyse de la Nature, p. 179 (1815). Pika Lindl. Collect, t. 4 (1821); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 384. 1. A. tetraphylla 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 623 (1891). Urtica sp., PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 74 {U. i., 1840). U. quadrifolia Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, iii. n. 1680 {U. i., 1844). U. tetrajihylla Steud, in Flora xxxiii. p. 260 (1850). Pilea quadrifolia A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 263 (1851); Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. p. 199, t. 7, fig. 4-10 (1856) ; Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 216 (1864)" P. tetraphylla Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. p. 50 (1856); W^edd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 136 (1869). Var. angolensis. A slender, erect, intensely green, annual herblet, 4 to 6 in. high, with the habit altogether of an Urtica, somewhat rigid in the living state, but quickly becoming quite Hmp, glabrous and unarmed in most parts but sometimes with a few straight rigid long seta^ Adicea\ cxvi. urticace.e. 991 on the upper part of the stem and on the lower face of the upper leaves ; stems simple or but little braneht-d ; leaves scarcely whorled in fours at the top of the plant, opposite, ovate, obtusely narrowed at the sub-apiculate apex, very obtusely narrowed at the trinerved base, membranous, the upper pairs dentate and ranging up to an inch long by H in. broad, the lower paii-s entire and ranging up to -I in. long by i; in. broad ; lateral veins few, weak ; cystoliths linear ; petioles ranging to i; in. long, slender ; lower internodes long, the uj^per ones short ; indorescence short, axillary ; flowers clustered. PuNGM ANnoNGu. — In moist shady rocky parts of Barranros da Pedra Songue in the pnesidium ; fl. Feb. and May 1857. No. 6258. The two following Nos. perhaps belong here : — PuNGo Andongo. — On the shady rocks of Pedras de Guinga ; fl. Jan. 1857. Branched, 3 to 5 in. high. No. 6259. A branched, apparently annual herb, about a foot high ; in fl. No. 6272. " N-sasi " or " N-sagi," plural " Jinsasi," and " Cachinde quiansagi '' or " Caxinde iansasi " are native names of a species of this genus. 2. A. Mooreana Ifiern, sp. n. A weak, .slender, erect or ascending annual herl), 4 to 12 in. high ; stem simple, pallid, glabrate and naked below, above leafy and furnished with sparse spreading narrowly subulate whitish seise ; leaves opposite, deltoid-ovate, acuminate at the apex, very obtuse or sub-truncate and often emarginate at the trinerved base, membranous, herbaceous -green above, sub- glaucous-green beneath, not conspicuously hairy but with the hairs thinly scattered or chiefly on the ribs and veins, coarsely dentate except the base, 1^ to 2 in. long by 1 to 1^ in. broad, the radical ones about 3 in. long and broad ; lateral veins two or three on each side of the midrib in addition to the basal nerves, slender ; teetli sub-deltoid, |- to !; in. long, apiculate : cystoliths on the blade punctiform ; petiole rather slender, I- to 1 in. long, glabrous, maiked with oblong or sublinear cystoliths, that of the radical leaves about 3 in. long and sparingly setose ; stipules lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute or caudate-acuminate, concave, somewhat hairy on the back, glabrous inside, ciliolate, J( in. long ; flowers dioecious, the female ones very small, with an unequally trifid green perianth, without staminodes, few- er several together, sessile, in small pedunculate clusters ; common peduncle ^ to f in, long, solitary in the axils of the middle or lower leaves of the stem, glabrous, marked with sublinear cystoliths ; capsule compressed, obliquely oval or ovate-rotund, pallid, -}^ in. long, scrobiculate, marked at or near the apex with the short obliquely placed style and at the base with the free small persistent obli(|ue i)erianth. Pu.NGO Andongo. — In fr. No. 6276. In Mata de Pungo ; without fl.orfr. Jan. 1B57. No. 6256. This species is named in honour of my friend ISIr. Spencer Le ;Marchant ]\Ioore, F.L.S., who in the Journal of Botany for 1880 elaborated Welwitsch's Acanthaceie. 992 cxvi. URTiCACEiE. [Elcitostema 6. ELATOSTEMA J. R. & G. Forster ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, PI. iii. p. 386. 1. E. sessile J. R. A G. Forst. Char. Gen. p. 106 (1776); Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 172 (1869). GoLUXGO Alto. — In the damp very shady parts of primitive- forests at the Delamboa stream ; fl. June 1856. No. 6269- An. annual herb ; sap watery ; stems succulent ; leaves blackish green and shining above, paler beneath, somewhat rigid in the living state ; flowers clustered, seated on bracteate somewhat fleshy usually quadrangular and shortly pedunculate receptacles. In especially shady places by streams near Cacarambola ; fl. beginning of July 1855. No. 6270. Our specimens are not quite like the type from Tahiti ; though the plant is described by Welwitsch as annual, the stems sometimes throw out adventitious roots near the base ; the leaves (including the acumen) are strongly serrate-dentate, 1 to 4^ in. long by ^ to If in. broad, acutely acuminate, more or less conspicuously marked with linear cystoliths, and glabrous except the midrib and principal veins beneath. I prefer to consider them as representing a variety of the above variable species, but on the scale of species as treated by Weddell it might be regarded as new. Cf. Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. X. p. 1G3 (1893), where our plant (no. 6269) is said to be identical with a supposed new species from the island of St. Thomas. 7. POUZOLZIA Gaudich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 387. 1. P. procridioides Wedd. Monogr. TJrtic. p. 412 (1856), and in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 231 (1869). Urtica procridiodes E. Mey. ex Drege in Flora 1843, ii. Bes. Beigabe, pp. 150, 151, 228. Margarocarpus procridioides Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, i, p. 204 (1854). Bdhmeria (Mar- garocarpus) procridioides Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. p. 204 (1856). Bumbo.— A herb with the habit of a Parietaria. In marshy bushy places near Bumbo, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 627^8. This differs from the type of the species by the presence of trimerous and triandrous male flowers in company with tetramerous and tetrandrous ones. 2. P. andongensis Hiern, sp. n. An erect, annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, growing in dense masses ; stems very tenacious, simple naked and glabrescent below, sparingly branched leafy and hispid-pubescent above, as well as the branches densely leafy at the apex ; leaves mostly alternate, ovate or elliptical-ovate, acuminate at the apex, more or less wedgeshaped at the trinerved base, submembranous, deep green and with pallid adpressed scattered hairs above, whitish and more or less arachnoid beneath, entire, 2 to 3|- in. long by 1 to 2^ in. broad ; lateral veins about two on each side of the midrib in addition to the basal nerves, in relief on the lower face of the blade, impressed on the upper face ; cystoliths punctiform ; petioles hispid-pilose, ranging up to 2i in. long ; stipules ovate- lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, glumaceous, uninerved, hispid along the back, ciliate, | to ^ in. long; lateral or axillary Pouzokia] txvi. urticace^. 993 abbreviated shoots uith small leaves resembling ioliacoous stipules ; flowers in short axillary or lateral clusters, aiulrogynouH or dia>c'ious, several together, on the upper part of the stem or branches ; male perianth 4-cleft, y'.v in. in diameter ; the lobes ovate, thinly pilose on the back, ciliate ; stamens 4, glabrous, aiound a rudimentary ovary; female perianth 4-cleft, thinly pilose on the back, J,y in. lon<,', investing the ovary ; staminodes ; fruit ovoid, .shinin'r, j'^ in. lonj;. PuNOt) ANi)()Nt;o. — By streams in the pra'sidium, near Cazella, fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 6271. In bushy rocky parts of the prasidium, plentiful : female H. Feb. and ]\Iarch 1857. No. 6260. A textile plant. On Xo. G260 grew Cimcitta blepharol/'jii.i Welw. herb. no. (IHU, >(iit>' p. 743. 3. P. golungensis Hiern, sp. n. An erect or ascending, slender, annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. liij,'h ; stem ro.^y purple, .simi)le naked and f^dabrescent below, liranched and more or less pilose above ; branches ascendinisis Benth. ; but the leaves are larger, whitish- cottony beneath and triplinerved. 8. PARIETARIA Tournef.,L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 392. 1. P. officinalis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 1052 (1753): Weddell in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 235^2 (1869). Cf. F. maderensis Reichenb. in Flora xiii., pp. 131, 380 (1830) ; Lowe in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. p. 31. (1834). Island of Madkiha. — In fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 6274. 9. FORSKOHLEA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 393. 1. F. viridis Ehrenb. ex Desfont. Cat. Hort. Paris, edit. 3, p. 347 (Forskahlea) (1829) ; Weddell in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 2355« (1869). Chamcedry folia viridis 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen, PI. ii. p. 625 (1891). MossAMEDES. — An annual, erect herb, from a palm to a foot high, patently branched from the base upwards, with whitish to greenish flowers. In rocky shady parts of Santo Antonio : fl. and fr. 21 July 1859. No. 6291. An erect, herbaceous-green or intensely green, annual herb, branched from the base to the apex, 1 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of ^lercur'nilk, Purietaria^ or l^rt/ai, with flowers clustered in small heads. In neglected plots cf cultivation near Cavalheiros ; fl. July 1859. No. 6292- CXVII. MORACE^. 1. CANNABIS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p 357. 1. C. sativa L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 1027 (1753) ; Welw. Apontam. p. 547 sub n. 71 (1859), and Synopse Explic. p. 45, n. 125 (1862) ; Alph. DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 30 (1869); Monteiro, Angola, ii. p. 256 (1875); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 261 (1884); Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 44 (1898). Sierra Leone.— Without fl. or fr. No. 6275f/. GoLUNGO Alto. — Cultivated by the negroes almost everywhere but always in small quantities ; at Sange, fl. Jan. 1855. Negro name " Riamba." No. 6275- Ptjngo Andoxgo. — In fl. and fr. No. 6275c. HuiLLA. — Cultivated by some of the natives in concealed places. Native name " Riamba." The dried specimens were given to tlie Lisbon Medical School. No. 6275?^. Among the Maraoes "Bangue" is the name of this jilant when dried and prepared for smoking ; in the Congo district it is called " Riambe," in Loanda, etc., " Riamba," also sometimes pronounced ^' Riamba " ; in Golungo " Diambe," and among the Mahungos and CUmnaljifi] cxvii. mouace.k. Wj:> Gingos " Liiimbe "' ; tlie I'ortuguese name is " Canhamo." This com- modity, which is for the most part if nut wholly comju.sed of the cut- up leaves of hemp, is eagerly sought for in the markets by the natives at Loauda ami in all the iuteriur of Angola for narcotic smoking : indulgence in it constitutes one of the most pernicious of their vices, especially with the slaves, who when addicted to Riaml)a smoking become uc.arly useless to their owners. The plant is cultivated in all the interior districts of Angola, but always in situations more or less retired or lonely, in order to withdraw the plantations from the notice and greed of j)asseugers. Haiuiorrhage of the nose is the very freiiueut consequence of this smoking intoxicant ; the natives in the interior of Huilla are accustomed to cure it with the powdered panicles of " Encotahote " (Ci/mbujxKjdn ttcliiiiiniitlius Spr. var. stijjiliius Rendle ; Welw. herb. n. 7521'), Coll. Carp. I()|t8 and 1094), aii application of which nearly always has the desired effect. For an account of the constituents of hemp resin, see a paper by T. H. Easterfield and T. B. Wood in Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. ix. 3, pp. 144-8 (IS'.ti;) : and on its pharmacological action, by C. R. Marshall, /.<•., pp. !41)-50. The dried herb is packed for sale in cylindrical sausage-sbaped parcels, 2 to 3 ft. long and about 4 in. thick. The fruits of the .4(/(///.w/i2Vf, called "Mucua," are used by the negroes for smoking the Riamba ; see tmtr. p. 80. 2. MYRIANTHUS P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. pp. xi. IC t. 11, cxd. fr., non t. 12 (18U4) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 379. 1. M. arboreus P. Beauv., I.e., p. 17 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 273 (1.S84:); Eiigl. Men. Morac. African, p. 37. t. IG (1898). Goi,rx(i() Ai/ro. — A very elegant tree, 20 to 2.'i ft. high, mostly dioecious but not rarely monoecious in different branches of the same tree ; trunk 1| to 2 in. in diameter at the base, branched a little above the l)ase : branches spreading ; sap of the branchlets watery, viscid, scarcely turning white, but the trunk when cut with a knife showed no sap : leaves digitate : syncarpium resembling both in its shape and golden colour a pmeapple or some species of J^ain/an/is, its Mesh edible, acidulous-sweet : seeds numerous in the syncarpium. In the dense rather damp primitive forests close to streams about Sange and in the Alto Queta and Cungulungulo mountains, plentiful ; male and female tl. Nov. and Dec. 185;j ; fr. Dec. 1855. Native name '' Musibiri,' " Musuviri," or " Musubiri." No. 2590 and Coll. Cari'. 901. Prxiio AxDoNiio. — A form with obtuse leaflets and more slender male inflorescence. In the denser forests of Mata de Pungo : male H. March 1S57. No. 2591. The Lichens, nn. lO'J, IIH, 151, 1G7, IGS, 171, 183, 331, 375, 37i;, 4(;7. grew on the trunk or branches of this tree in Golungo Alto : also the moss n. 213 {Raciijulniit sp.) and the hepatic n. 310 on the bark, in the same district. In Pungo Andongo it is also called " Pernambuco."' 3. MUSANGA R. Br. in Tuckey. Congo, pp. 453, 328, 329, 467 (islS) ; r.,'iitli. c^' Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 379. 1. M. cecropioides Br. ex Todlie in Buwdicb, Mi.ss. A.sbantee, p. 372 (1819). M. Smithii K. Br. in Benn. it Br. PI. Javan. llor.sfield, p. 49 (1838); Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 4. tt. 130G, 1307 (April 1880); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 273 (1884); Engl. Mon. Morac. 996 cxvii. HORACES. [Musanga African, p. 42, c. fig. p. 43 and t. 18 (1898) ; non Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 519 (1849). Island of St. Tho.mas. — A very elegant tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, branched a little above the base, with a broad head and good wood suitable for house-building ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 6, 1 to 1 j ft. long ; common petiole more than 7 in. long. In the more elevated forests of the island, on Monte Gaffe', 1000 to 2800 ft. alt. ; some leaves contri- buted by Senhor Carvalho ; without fl. or fr. Dec. 1860. In habit like Mijr/anthits arboreus P. Beauv., but the leaflets are quite entire instead of strongly serrate. Native name " Gofe." Xo. 2592. According to Tedlie, I.e., the hairy sheath or stipule of this large palmate-leaved tree resembles a skin, is boiled in soup, and used as a powerful emmenagogue ; in Ashantee it is called " Oeduema." 31. Smitlui Benth. in Niger FL, I.e., is Macaranga heteropliuJla Muell. arg., (i)Ue, p. 981 ; the type of M. Smithii, which was collected by Christian Smith on the Lower Congo, and also that of J/, cecropiokles, are in the National Herbarium. 4. FICUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 367. Some species of figs are especially rich in a thick glutinous milk, which is used by the negroes in the preparation of a bird- lime, called Molemba ordinaria ; other species, such as F. Quiheha, supply a tough and firm wood, useful for the manufacture of domestic articles ; and some, such as F. trichophylla and F. 2)silopoga, belong to the most stately trees of western tropical Africa, both on account of their large-leaved and widely extended heads Avith brick-red branches, as well as for the abundance of their peach-coloured figs, with which they are laden twice a year, and which are tolerably juicy, somewhat sweet and used by several colonists for the extraction of a very excellent spirit tasting like a superior gin. Welwitsch considered that enterprising men with the necessary knowledge and a moderate amount of capital might, in consequence of the great fruitfulness and frequent occurrence of the trees, make this a profitable branch of industry. Other fig trees again have aerial roots, which are coloured red during the rainy season, and which hang down from the branches to the extent often of 10 to 12 ft. and produce an exceedingly^ strange appearance enhanced considerably by the presence of their in- numerable cherry-like figs. Many other species grow as parasites, either rising clear from the branches of some other tree, or, embracing the tree with its stem pressed flat like a covering, sooner or later kills it, and then the fig tree, pi-eviously often only a half open tube, closes at the top and starts with an entire stem its independent existence. The leaves of F. exasperata Vahl, are used for polishing purposes. 1. F. pseudo-elastica Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n. A tree, 20 to 25 ft. higher and more, producing an elastic gum ; head very broad ; branches rambling, patent ; branchlets smooth, glabrescent, towards the apex puberulous, rather thick, leafy ; leaves alternate, entire or somewhat sinuous-repand, ovate-oblong, obtusely and shortly cuspidate at the apex, rounded or subcordate Ficus] CXVII. MORACEiE. 997 at the somewhat unequal base, 3- or G-uerwd at or near the liase, coriaceous, somt-what j^lossy and deep ;;nMMi above, p.-ilii- lieneath, smooth, ghil)rous or nearly so, 4 to 7 in. long by l! to.")| in. broad ; principal lateral veins about 10 to 12 on each side in addition to theljasal nerves, slender ; reticulation minute ; inters{)aces minutely scaly-papillose; petioles robust, shortly pubescent, l.V to L*{ in. long ; stipules caducous, broad-ba.sed, apparently rather small ; receptacles axillary, sul)sessile, suliglobose, about ^' in. in diameter, shortly pubescent, .solitary or two together, the one e.xamined containing male flowers and barren female ones ; basal bracts puberulous on the back, united into a small shortly cleft cup ; ostiole small ; male flowers with a hyaline unerpially 3- to 5-partite or -cleft perianth ; stamen solitary, the filaments united l)elow to an abortive pistillo- - No notes. Without fl. or fr. Leaves rather larger, ranging to 10 in. long by 6| in. broad, cordate at the base, and about lU lateral veins on each side in addition to the basal ones. Perhaps this species. No. 6423. Var. ? elliptica. Leaves elliptical, acuminate-cuspidate at the apex, obtusely contracted to a rounded trinerved base, shortly pubescent along the midrib and abovit 10 pairs of lateral veins beneath, 4 to 6 in. long by 1§ to 2^ in. broad. PuNCrO Andoxgo. — A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high : trunk 4 to G in. thick, divaricately branched from the height of 4 or 5 ft. ; branches tortuous ; leaves thickly coriaceous, glossy ; receptacles pyriform-obovoid, 1 to Ih in. long, greenish, rough with tolerably large white warts. In rugged places by the lower rocks of Pedra Songue, rather rare ; young fr. seen but not collected Jan. (or June) 1857, leafy specimens without fi. or fr. collected April 1867. No. 6358. Perhaps a distinct species. No. 6350, without locality or notes, consists of leafy specimens, perhaps of two different species, one of which rather resembles the var. elliptica. 4. F. auibeba Welw. ex Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 270 (1884). GoLUNGo Alto. — A very beautiful tree, 20 to 45 ft. high or rarely GO to 80 ft., resembling in habit a gigantic Magnolia, strongly lactescent with a white milk, much like F. dnstica Roxb. but tlie leaves are not varnished-glossy above nor so glaucous beneath nor is the midrib reddish as in that species ; branchlets furrowed, scarred, pubescent and leafy at the apex, not slender ; leaves alternate, crowded, entire, obovate-oval or oval-oblong, shortly abruptly and rather obtuselj^ acuminate at the apex, nearly rounded or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, thickly coriaceous, hard, smooth, glabrous or n'early so above, pubescent beneath with short whitish scarcely conspicuous hairs, sub- glaucescent-green above, pale-l:)rown beneath, 5 to 14 in. long by 2 to 6j in. broad, iuconsj^icuously 3- or 5-nerved at or near the base ; midrib impressed above, strongly raised and much broader than the lateral veins beneath : lateral veins about 8 to 10 on each side in Ficiis\ ex VI I. MORACEiE. lOOl addition to the basal nerves, sub-parallel, anastomosing near the margin ; net veins intricate, close, in relief beneatli ; petioles angular, puberulous, 1 j to 4 in. long, of nearly the same thickness throughout ; receptacles very crowded, proceeding from the tliicker branches and even from the trunk, obovoid, wartod, as largo as a pigeon's egg, shortly pedun- culate. In dense thickets among the Queta mountain.s, sporadic : in leaf, without H. or fr. extant on the specimens. l>eginning of June laof). Tiie fruit was seen by Wehvitsch. \o. 6399. Dr. Warburg, !.<■.. p. I.'*."), regarded this \o. as probably a form of F. Voijelii (Miq.). The native name is "Quibeba." The lichens nos. ■213, 252, 381, grew on the trunks of /•'. ijidlwha. This tree supplies a tough and firm white wood, which is manu- factured into l)o\vls and such-like domestic articles ; the trunk is straight and usually 4- to (l-gonal as if consisting of 4 to (I trees grown togetiier (as occurs also in several other specimens of this genus) ; and the head forms a broad majestic crown. The tree frequently has growing upon its branches plants of Ilnrintu /Kinixil/iit O. Kuntze (a«/^, p. 407), LimnithiiH. and orchids. 5. F. callescens llieni, sp. n. A small tree, 12 to 20 ft. high, very much branched, ever- .green ; trunk and branches sparingly or copiously lactt scent ; branches spreading, dusky or ashy, glabrous, smooth, somewhat angular; branchlets pendulous after the habit of Salix Ixthi/lonica L., clavate-thickened towards the apex, densely clothed with the persistent stipules, leafy; leaves alternate, obversely lanceolate or obovate, cuspidate or spiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to the unicostate base, very thick, dryly coriaceous, hard, very rigid, glabrous, green glossy smooth and punctate with rai.sed points above, pallid and delicately i-eticulate beneath, sometimes not lactescent and even in the living state nearly dry, 3 to 7.', in. long by 1 to 2] in. broad; principal lateral veins G to 10 on each side of the strong midrib, slender, clearly marked beneath, inconspicuous above, spreading ; net veins pale, sunk in com- paratively broad depressions which are often punctate with raised points ; interspaces beneath slightly in relief rather darker ami minutely dotted ; petioles broad, i to 1^ in. long, sometimes not lactescent, smooth, pulverulent with minute dots or glands ; stipules ovate, -?7 to '(^ in. long, reddish, soon turning brown, very abundant, imbricate, pulverulent-puberulous on the back, delicately pluricostate ; receptacles rare, pyriform, hollowed or depressed about the apex, obtusely umbonate, shortly hairy and scrobiculate outside, ^ to \\- in. long, thick-skinned ; interior about ^- in. long by ^- to -^ in. in diameter ; basal bracts \ to \ in. long, stipuliform ; coat inside somewhat porous or spongy but firm ; peduncles g to 1-?,- in. long, axillary, solitary; male, female, and neuter flowers in the same receptacle; perianth 4-partite ; segments narrow ; ovary narrow ; .style terminal, rather long ; stigma bipartite ; stamens solitary ; filament long, slender ; anther short, dusky. Gi)ijN(i() Ai.To. — By springs in very dense thickets between the streams Cuango and Quiapoze, rather rare : fr. Nov. 1S54. Xo. 6395. In dense wooded places at the Quiquele-quele spring near Sauge ; 1002 cxvii. HORACES. [Ficus- without fr. Aug. 1855. No. 6385. At Quiquele-quele between Sange and Bango Aquitamba ; fl. Aug. 185G. No. 6420. The lichen n. 287 grew on the leaves of this species at the spring of Quiquele-quele in August 18.55. This is nearly related to F. Freti^sil Warb. I.e., p. 156, but the leaves in our plant are more regularly wedgeshaped towards the base and are smaller ; their venation is similar. The following No., with laurel-like foliage, differs frona F. callescens by having the lateral veins of the leaves much more^ numerous, etc. 6. A huge tree, 50 to 80 ft. high, full of a thick milk; head depressedly hemispherical, very broad ; branches spreading, bending sometimes upwards sometimes downwards ; branchlets ashy, smooth, glabrate or inconspicuously pulverulent, curving, rigid, leafy especially towards the apex ; leaves alternate, entire, obovate- oblong, obtusely subcuspidate at the apex, rounded or obtusely wedgeshaped at the inconspicuously 3- or 5-nerved base, coriaceous, hard, smooth, glabrous, very rigid, deep green glossy and with elevated rounded points above, paler beneath, 4 to 7 in. long by 1^ to 2^ in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent beneath ; lateral veins numerous, jiarallel, patent, slender ;. reticulation minute, plainly marked beneath ; interspaces marked beneath with small papillose points; petioles thick, ^ to |- in. long, smooth ; stipules deltoid-ovate, glabrous, i to -i- in. long,, caducous. GiJLUNGO Alto. — In mountainous places in Sobato de Bumba, not plentiful ; without fl. or fr. 22 Oct. 1855. No. 6339. By the cross road leading to Bango ; without fl. or fr. Sept. 1856. No. 6420/'. The fungus n. 75 Fhi/Uachora re/iens ^acc. (cf. A. L. Smith inJourn^ Bot. 1898, p. 178), and the lichen n. 285 grew on the leaves of this fig near Sange in May 1855 and Feb. 1856. 7. F. microcarpa Vahl, Enum. PI. ii. p. 188 (1806) ; Thonn.. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 48 (1828); Miq. in Annal. Mus.. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. p. 288 (1867); non L. f. F. Thonningi Blume, Rumphia ii. p. 17 (18.36). Urostignm Thonningii Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 557 (1847),, vii. t. 13. fig. (1848), and in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 522 (1849), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 38 (1849). Island of St. Thomas.— Without receptacles, Dec. 1860. Called " Mussanda." The bark supplies a dye. No. 6405. The leafy branches agree well with a specimen with fruit in the National Herbarium collected at the Cape Coast by Brass, which appears to belong to this species, but I have not seen a type specimen. The following five Nos. may be compared with this species, but some at least of them are apparently distinct. Zenza do Golungo. — A shrub. On a rock near Tanderachique ; without receptacles, Sept 1857. No. 6400. This is probably the Ficux mentioned by Welwitsch in his diary 27 Aug. to 7 Sept. 1857. as a bush with a widely spreading head thickly coriaceous leaves and pendulous or reflected fruit, occurring at Tanderaxique, but very rare. Ficus] CXVII. MOKACE.E. 1()(>.*3 G(»MN(;o Ai.To.— A broadly frondose nearly glabrous treo of moderate size, resembling a hnge ("amellia : branches spreading, smooth ; branchlets leafy ; leaves alternate, broadly oval or sub- rotund, rounded or obtusely narrowed at the apex, rounded or sonie- wliat narrowed at the unequal obtuse 3- to 5-nerved base, closely resembling those of Oiiinlliu jajxniird L., thickly coriaceous, smooth, glabrous, entire, U to ;5 in. long by Ij to 2 in. broad, deep green altove, pale green beneath ; lateral veins about (5 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, slender, clearly marked but scarcely con- spicuous, anastomosing within the margin : reticulation complex : interspaces dotted above, minutely scaly-punctate beneath ; petiole* glabrous, smooth, moderately robust, i.' to li^ in. long; stipules short, convolute, acutely conical that is j)yramidately folded round the petiole, hairy outside, deciduous. [n forests near Canguera.sange, Bango, and Quilombo, sjioradic ; without receptacles, Nov. 18.')4. Xo. 6340. Perhaps a distinct species. Pr\(;<> A\i)oN(;(). — A high climbing shrub; branches patently recurved ; branchlets irregularly twiggy, somewhat erect or patent or even recurved in the form of semicircles : leaves coriaceous, glossv, very delicately tuberculate above, paler and with raised venation beneath, 1 to 2 J in. long by l to 1^ in. broad ; petioles ^ to I in. long. In the forest, in the clefts of the rocks of the pra;sidium at Cabondo ; "without receptacles, Nov. 185G. Xo. 6363- This should also be compared with F. i-/injsoci nisu.'i "Welw. Flnco Aniiiimio. — A subglabrous, much branched shrub, ."> to 7 ft. high ; branchlets densely leafy ; leaves alternate, obliquely oval. obtu.se or rounded at the apex, unequal or sub-equal at the usually obtuse or rounded base, penniveined, coriaceous, glossy, entire, ever- green, 1 to 2 in. long by 5 to I in. broad ; lateral and net veins weak, not conspicuous ; petioles ^ to 1 in. long. In elevated rocky places, in Pedras de Cuinga, in company with .Ui/rolhuiiiiiHs tlitlnlli/i'Iiii.'^ Welw. no. 1270 (ante, p. '631) ; without receptacles, March 1867. Xo 6362. Perhaps a distinct species. Island or JIadkiija. — A small tree; branchlets glabrous, not scabrid, leafy ; bark lenticellate, somewhat ashy and rimose ; leaves alternate, entire, elliptical, somewhat oblique, shortly and obtusely narrowed at the apex, obtuse and slightly emarginate on the upper face at the feebly trinerved base, glabrous, smooth, thinly coriaceous, not conspicuously penniveined, punctulate and minutely pitted on both faces, dark green above, .slightly paler beneath, 2i^ to ;'>}, in. long by 1 to li in. broad ; petioles dusky, glabrous, J to A in. long : receptacle pisiform, glabrous, smooth, I in. in diameter, containing numerous male and a few female flowers ; no gall-flowers seen ; ostiole somewhat prominent, ^ in. in diameter ; basal bracts 2, glabrous, short, broad, rounded ; male perianth shortly funnelshaped, bluntly trigonous, _}.^ in. long, shortly pedicellate or .subsessile. tripartite, the segments obovate, valvate ; stamen solitary : female perianth .}^ in. long ; style short ; stigma longer, with a filiform apical appendage. At Funchal ; fl. Aug. 1853. Xo. 6401. Perhaps an introduced tree. 8. F. ottoniaefolia:Mi([.Ann.:\I us.Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. p. 2SS ( 1 sij? ). (Jrostuiiiia o(/niii(r/'oli>iiii Micp in Ifook. Loud. Journ. l'>ot. vi. p. 557 (1.S17), ct vii. t. 13, fig. B (1848). and in Hook. Niger 1004 CXVII. MORACE^. [i^iC Wi- Fi. p. 521 (1849), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 37 (1849). F. Lumnda Welw. ex Ficalho PI. Uteis, p. 269 (1884). A tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, but usually met with as a much- branched shrub of 5 to G ft. and then closely resembling in its foliage a young erect plant of ivy, glabrous, not lactescent Ijut exuding a watery viscid sap ; branches patent, very crowded ; bark grey-dusky or ashy ; branchlets spreading ascending or somewhat erect, rambling, pale green or somewhat dusky towards the apex ; leaves alternate, entire, elliptical or somewhat oval, cuspidate with a long acumen at the apex, obtusely contracted or nearly rounded at the base, rigidly and thinly coriaceous, very bright and deep green or varnished -glossy above, paler beneatli, nearly always conduplicate and pendulous, quivering, 2^ to 5i in. long by 1 to 2f in. broad ; 3-nerved at or near the base ; midrib clearly raised beneath, narrowly depressed above ; principal lateral veins about 3 or 4 on each side, slender, with inconspicuous intervening shorter ones ; net- veins slender ; petioles ^ to 4|^ in. long, rather slender ; stipules about i in. long or more, broad- based, glabrous, caducous ; receptacles very abundant, 1 or 2 together and often with a third one springing from the same point on the thicker branches, sometimes also on the trunk where it is a foot in diameter and on the slender green branches, at first green, afterwards turning yeIlo^^', pyriform, or on the younger branches cerasiform, ^ to f in. long, 4 to 1 in. in diameter, each containing male, female, and gall llowei's, beset outside with small distant hemispheiical warts, faintly ribbed and veined ; basal bracts short, connate below ; ostiole with small bracts ; peduncles I to f- in, long, arching upwai-ds ; internal bracteoles narrow ; stamen 1 ; stigma elongated. GoM'xoo Alto. — In Sobato de Bango Quilombo and about Muria, occasional ; ripe fr. Jan. 18;')5. No. 6391. At the outskirts of secondary woods near Banza de Bango ; without fl. or fr. Jan. 1855. No. 6393. Chiefly in the elevated forests of Quilombo Bango, more rarely by thickets near Trombeta ; unripe fr. Aug. 1855. No. 6392. The native doctors call it " Lucanda " ; it is one of species of the genus called by the collective name of " Molemba." A very small species of Cympn chooses this plant by preference for its abode. 9. F. verruculosa Warb., I.e., p. 166. HiiLLA. — A tree, of moderate size, more than 2.5 ft. high ; leaves pallid beneath and densely punctate but not glaucous ; receptacles greenish. In the denser forests between Monino and Eme ; fl. and unripe fr. April 18G0. No. 6375. A large tree, not uncommonly above 80 ft. high and 3 to 10 ft. in diameter ; branches spreading ; aerial roots slender, blood-red ; fruit turning red, eaten by the negroes. In the Monino forests by streams ; fl. and fr. May 1860. No. 6366. 10. F. praeruptorum Hiern, sp. n. An elegant tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, perhaps at length taller, with the habit of a laurel ; branches and leafy branchlets erect- spreading, turning reddish-brown and glabrous, nodulose ; head dense ; young shoots pubescent with short whitish spreading Ficm] CXVII. MORACEyE. 1005 hairs; leaves alternate, entire, oval, roumli-.l <.i .m., ,i-.i\ |'..iiite«l at the apex, rounded or somewhat narrowed at tin- liasi-, ^.'lalirous, rigidly coriaceous, glaucous-green al»ove, glaucesccnt beneath, scarcely or slightly punctate, 1 to 2] in. long by }, to 1 in. broad, inconspicuously 3- or 5-nerved at or near the base, narrjwly revolute on the margin ; vt-nation in relief on both faces ; midril) stronger than the lateral veins, the latter G to S on each side, erect-patent, slender, parallel and straight for the greater part of their length, branched in a reticidate manner, anastomosing within the margin, with other shorter anastomosing and inter- vening lateral veins ; petioles puberulous with short slender whitish spreading hairs, pallid, moderately thick, V to ^ in. long ; stipules lance-shaped, }. in. long, puV)erulous on the back, caducous ; receptacles pisiform, turning red, }- to 1 in. in diameter, obsoletely tomentellous and pul)eruIous with short .scattered spreading hairs, mostly 2 or 3 together in the axils of present or fallen leaves, crowded, bracteate at the base ; bracts short, connate, obtuse, obsoletely tomentellous and puberulous ; ostiole with short thin loV)es puberulous on the back ; peduncles tomentellous and puberulous, -^^ to j.r in. long ; male, female, and gall flowers in the same receptacles ; stamens solitary ; stigmas elongated. Hrii.i.A. — On the steep slopes of Mono de Monino ; fr. end of March ISOO. No. 6373. Nearly related to /'. verruculosa Warb. 11. F. Dekdekena A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 26S (1851). rrostiyrna Dnhhhena Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 558 (1847), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 3G (1849). Hrii.LA. — A large tree, 80 to 100 ft. high, developing beards, trunk «) ft. in diameter. Near Rauza do Soba Nangolo, Lopollo ; without fl. or fr. April 18G0. Xo. 6372. In the absence of flowers or fruits, tlie identification must be considered doubtful. 12. F. chrysocerasus \\'elw. ex Warb., /.c, p. 1G7. LiH()N(;(i. — A broadly frondose tree, 25 to 85 ft. high ; head ovoid- hemispherical, verj' densely ramulose ; leaves comparatively small (1 to o in. long by \ to 1^ in. broad), rigidly coriaceous, glossy, ever- green : receptacles very abundant, like cherries in shape, \ to : in. in diameter, shortly pedunculate, golden yellow, broadly umbonate, much delighted in by wild birds and also by negro children. In wooded not verv damp places in the district (and in Ambriz) ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1S5S. 'Xo. 6357. '' Zandeiro," perhaps a corruption of " Xandeira," is the local name of this tree in Libongo. The following Xo. has larger leaves somewhat cordate at the base and deciduous, with rather longer petioles; it should be compareex, rounded or euiarginate at the base, firmly uu-mbranous, v<-ry scabrous on both laces, not pubescent, denticulate or rei)and alonj,' the general outline except near the base, somewhat glossy alx)vn with a pecidiar lustre, paler beneath, deeply or acutely palmate- lolx'd in the case of young plants up to the third to lit'th year of age, 2 to G in. long by 1 to 4 in. broad, triucrved :it tin- l)ase ; princii)al veins about 3 or 4 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, strongly marked beneath, feeble above, their branches more or less transverse and passing by degrees into a delicate but not conspicuous reticulation; petioles -J to 1!^ in. long, scabrous; stipules scabrid on the back, broadest at the l)ase, lanceolate, smooth inside, acute, pallid, I to ] in. long, deciduous; receptacles spherical, a little smaller than a hazel nut, about ', in. in diameter or less, scabrid, in pairs, pedunculate, on the branchlets or young lateral shoots, from yellow to red when ripe, 4-ljracteate with two of the bracts attached to the base and the other two opposite to them and attached near the middle of the receptacle ; osteole closed with 3 to 5 small ovate obtuse bracts ; peduncles from J, to less than I in. long, scabrid, often bracteate with short obtuse bracts. All the receptacles examined had female flowers only, with long slender styles and stigmas. GorANCio Alto. — In the more elevated forests and at the sides of hills about Bango, Canguerasange, Cambondo, and Tronibeta, plentiful ; fl. 3, 7, and '25 Nov. 1854. No. 6387. A tree, at the Governor's house at Sange, supposed to be ornamental : H. beginning of Oct. 1855. No. 6411. The extremely rough leaves are used for polishing purposes and called " Lixa " ; the tree is called " Lima " (a file). The fungus n. 7ti, Phi/UnrJwni rt'prus Sacc, grew on the leaves. The branches, even when a foot thick, readily take root, when driven into the ground ; the trees afford excellent shade, and on this account they are frequently used for avenues, etc., in public places. The wood is good and white ; the natives of Golungo Alto call it "Mucacasa." This is probably the species of FIcus referred to in Bowdich's Mission to Ashantee (1819), p. 445, and locally named "Egoogoo" : the leaves were used in planing wood, polishing and cleaning various articles of household furniture, and feel like emery paper. It is difficult to separate this species from F. (isj,< rifdin Miq., I.e., t. 15, fig. B, especiallj' as in No. (3387 the leaves are polymorphous ; the perianth lobes are ciliolate, and in this respect agree with the figure quoted above for F. tMispcrald. With the original description Vahl's trivial name is misprinted a.iyi.y)/'n(ta, but this is corrected. I.e., p. 402, and in the index at the end of the volume it appears as corrected. 23. F. brachylepis Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n. A tall or moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout, very copiously milky, with widely spreading head ; l)ranches jiatent ; branchlets spreading, .smooth, green, dusky in the dried state, often quasi-verticillate by the approximation of the nodes and in this way fasciculate, leafy towards the apex ; leaves alternate and 1012 ex VII. HORACES. [FicUS often fasciculate or quasi- verticillate, entire, ovate-oblong oval or broadly lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate or acute or rounded at the apex, feebly 5- or 7-nerved at or near the emarginate or rounded or subtruncate base, smooth, coriaceous, more coriaceous and thick than in F. psilopoga Welw. herb. no. 6351 and much less so than in F. elastica Roxb., deep green and varnished-glossy above, paler and also somewhat shining beneath, 3i to 7 in. long by 1|- to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, strongly prominent, always deep rosy or red beneath ; principal lateral veins about 8 to 10 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, slender, anastomosing within the margin ; reticulation small, delicate, with minute dots in the interspaces; petioles green, 1 to 3 in. long, minutely dotted, broad-based ; bud-scales or stipules small, scarcely i in. long, pale purplish, from a very broad base subulatel}^ acuminate, but little viscid, caducous; receptacles on the 2 to 5 year old branches and also on the trunk, 2 or 3 or even 6 to 8 together, but mostly quaternately umbellate, pyriform, as large as a walnut, 1 to li in. long, f to 1| in. thick, from green to yellowish, smooth, densely beset with small whitish scarcely elevated spots ; only female and gall flowers seen in the receptacles examined ; style long, slender ; peduncles flattened, dilated, 1 in. long ; bracts at the base of the receptacle deciduous ; those of the ostiole small, deciduous. GoLUNGO Alto. — In the primitive forests of Quisuculo in Sobato Bango, and in Sobato Quilombo ; fr. Sept. and Nov. 1854 ; also at Sange, fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 6338 and Coll. Carp. 900. Without receptacles. No. 6419'-'' 24. F. Sycomoms L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1059 (1753) ; Oliv. & C4rant in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 149. t. 99 (1875); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 271 (1884). Sycomorus antiquorum Gasparr. Ricerch, Caprif. e Fie. p. 86 (1845) ; Miq. Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 9 (1849). Var. prodigiosa (Welw. ms. in herb.). A very ornamental tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, glabrous except the buds ; trunk straight or oblique, 1 to 2^ ft. in diameter, branched a little above the base ; branches patent, crowded, intricate ; head evergi-een, broadly spreading, rather lax ; leaves broadly oval or somewhat ovate-oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex, nearly rounded or cordate and trinerved at the base, coi-iaceous, smooth, pale or deep green above, pale green and glaucescent or somewhat coloured beneath, rather glossy on both faces, 2 to 5 in. long by 1-^ to o\ in. broad, entire or subrepand ; lateral veins 2 or 3 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, inconspicuous above, whitish and in clear relief beneath, anastomosing near the margin, delicately and transversely venulose ; net-veins incon- spicuous ; petioles thick, cylindrical, somewhat fleshy, transversely wrinkled, i to 2 in. long, turning reddish ; stipules ovate- triangular, about i in. long, pubescent on the back, caducous ; receptacles pyrifoi-m, racemose-paniculate on their own leafless Fiats] cxvii. MORACE.i:. 1»»13 braiiclilets han},'ing down from a littli' ahovt- tlif ba>e of tin- trunk up to the division of the toj) principal l)ranches, olxjvoid- globose, Irj in. long by 1 ' in. thick, with 2 or 3 .smooth more or less patent bracts a little below their base, flattened at the apex, with the ostiole clo.sed with small bracts, yellow-red when ripe, juicy, eaten by the negroes and colonial travellers; taste not unjdeasant but a little watery ; the skin resinous and very Ijitter ; about | in. long ; some panicles liearing GO to SO or more receptacles, and the trunk not rarely decked up to the height of a man with 5 to 8 or 12 pendulous panicles, all laden with bright rosy receptacles and thus presenting an aspect of the highest fruitfulne.ss. HuiM.A. — In the IMonino forests ; without fl. or fr. Feb. 1800. No. 6368. In forests about LopoUo, plentiful ; ripe fr. 16 May 1800. No. 6369. Nearly all the ovaries were pierced by a very long-tailed Hymenop- tera, perhaps a species of Ci/ni/is. Var. alnea. A densely frondose tree, resembli)ig an alder in habit, 20 to 30 ft. high, or in secondary woods 15 ft., branched a'- little above the ba.se ; head ovoid ; branches long, patent, rambling ; branchlets glabrescent, purplish in the dried state, smooth, puberulous towards the apex ; leaves alternate, entire or repand, ovate or oval, obtusely pointed or rounded at the apex, more or less coi'date at the 3- or 5-nerved base, glabrous or nearly so, deep green, glossy above, more or less glaucous, sometimes turning reddish beneath, persistent, those on the younger plants large, 9 to 10 in. long by 5 to G in. broad and but little coriaceous, those on the adult or fruiting trees smaller 2 to 7 in. long by 1^ to 4 in. broad and more compact ; lateral veins 3 or 4 on eacli side in addition to the basal nerves, .slender, feebly anastomosing ; tertiary veins patent, w^eak ; reticulation delicate, inconspicuous ; interspaces minutely dotted or on the smaller leaves marked with less minute raised points ; petioles purplish, glabrous, ^ to 3^ in. long ; stipules ovate, acute, more or less pubescent or silky on the back, glabrous within, ^ to -'r in. long, caducous ; receptacle pyriform- globose, ,1 to 1 in. long, not quite as thick, lateral, solitary, con- taining male, female, and gall flowers ; male Howei-s with bipartite perianth and 2 stamens ; female flowers with rather long style proceeding from a side of the top of the ovary ; basal In-acts 3, puberulous ; ostiole yV in. in diameter, not very prominent ; peduncle prominent, ] in. long. MtisSAMKDKS. — In thickets grown up after destruction of the forests, near the mouth of the river Giraul aud Libata de Giraul, occasional, without fl. or fr. (19 July?), 1859. No. 6377. Bimbo. — In forests at the base of Serra da Xella, in company with liamntculus j)i/in(iUi.i Poir. (Welw. herb. no. 1209 ; (intp, p. 4), and '• Pao d'Oleo," that is. Ail inn nucrorcphahi Hiern ( Wehv. herb. no. 3029 ; ante, p. 434), sporadic ; fr. 20 Oct. 185'.i. No. 6376- Hiii.LA. — From Monino towards Erne and at the river ^lupanda, sporadic ; fl. and fr. April 18G0. No. 6367- Perhaps a distinct species. 1014 CXYII. MOEACE.E. [FicUS Var, polybotrya. A tree, 20 ft. high, lactescent ; the trunk and older branches laden with very copious fruiting bi-anchlets ; leafy branchlets dusky and glabrescent except the hairy pallid tips, frondose towaixls the apex ; leaves caducous at the time of the young flower-receptacles, but developed afresh as the fruit -receptacles ripen, alternate, ovate or oval, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate at the apex, somewhat unequal and emarginate or obtuse at the trinerved base, firmly coriaceous, obtusely toothed or repand on the margin, dark green and glabrous above, brown and tomentellous beneath, 2^ to 4^ in. by 1| to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins erect-patent, 3 to 5 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, all as well as the midrib in relief and hairy beneath ; tertiary veins patent ; net-veins minute, impressed ; petioles h to 1^ in. long, broad-based, puberulous ; stipules from a broad base ovate, haii-y on the back, ~ to ^ in. long, caducous ; flowering branchlets 5 to 6 in. long or more, paniculately divided ; recep- tacles subsessile or on short pedicels, tomentellous with pallid short hairs, on our specimens small and young. GoLUNGO Alto. — ^In damp places near Menha Lula in Sobato Mussengue ; young fl. May 1855. No. 6343. The foliage somewhat resembles that of Ficus clethropliijUa . 25. F. trachyphylla Fenzl in Flora 1844, p. 311 ; Warb., I.e., p. 153. Sycomoi'us trachyphylla Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 110 (1848), and Afrik. Yijge-Boom p. 11. t. 1, fig. C (1849). Zenza do Golungo. — A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, probably a young one ; bark from whitish to reddish ; branchlets brick-red. In palm groves by the river Bengo from the Convent of St. Anthony to Funda, sporadic : without fl. or fr. end of Dec. 1853. Determination doubtful. No. 6353. Golungo Alto. — A tree 20 ft. high ; branches patent, curved or even flexuous. In wooded thickets on the left-hand side of the road leading to Ambaca, near the virgin forest of Quibango ; unripe fr. April 1856. Native name " Mucuso." Determination doubtful. No. 6415. MossAMEDES. — A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high ; head ovoid, elongated, densely frondose ; leaves persistent, rough ; receptacles pyriform, as large as a wahiut, tomentose, scarcely well tasted. In secondary thickets and in places formerly wooded at the mouth of the river Giraul, occasional ; fl. and fr. July 1859. Determination doubtful. No. 6378. A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; head ovoid-dilated. Here and there at the banks of the river Bero, at Cavalheiros, without recep- tacles, July 1859. Perhaps a variety of this species. No. 6382. HuiLLA. — A tree 20 to 30 ft. high ; head broadly ovoid ; branches and branchlets patent, more or less tortuous ; receptacles on the fresh branchlets, rarely on the older branches, pear-shaped, £ in. long, hoary, silky-tomentose, axillary, solitary, bracteate at the base ; peduncle \ in. long, robust, somewhat rufous, puberulous. In forests about Lopollo, 5000 to 5504 ft. alt., sporadic ; fl. and unripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 6374. In Golungo Alto Loranthns Belr/sfi DC. (Welw. herb. nn. 5279, 5280 ; (inte, p. 934), grew as a parasite on a species of fig, perhaps Fiats] CXVII, MORACE^, 1015 this tree ; at Sange in ^larch 1>^5G, the lichens nn. I (13 (Ihifllin ilisci- foriiiisviir. iiiiii'i)- f. riKjulnsii), ['M) grew on the branchlets; in Iluilla at Monino in ^lay 18(10 the fnngns n. 141, r/ii//lrea(liii^'-ascen«liiig, nitlier slender; petioles more or less hisjiid, stiM', 1,' to 7 in. long; stipules broadly ovate, eiispidate, hispid at tlio base and along tlie midrib, otherwise glabrate, {J to I in. long, caducous ; receptacles (according to Wtlwitsch's ms.) as large as a moderate- sized tig (of. F. Carica L.), somewhat smos abortive) Jiowci-s, and near the apex a few male flowers present in the same recei^taclc ; perianth of the male flowers tripartite, the segments broad imbricate and enveloping tlie two stamens ; filaments short ; anthers -^\ in. long ; perianth of the female flowers \\'ith three linear-subulate segments ; style lateral, from the top of the ovary, rather long. G<'iAN(;o Ai.To. — At the outskirts of primitive forests near Sange, by the Bango road : Jan. 185G. No. 6407. No notes. "Without receptacles. Xo. 6421. A small tree of (i to 8 ft., perhaps not fully grown ; sip watery-viscid : habit of foliage like a Siihi or AlmtUnii ; petioles ranging up to 3.j in. long. At the bush}- margins of forests in Sobato de Bango and Sobato de Quiloml)0, rather sparingly ; without receptacles, Dec. 1K54. No. 6345. Leaves \evy scabrous above : petioles ij to l> in. long. By a rivulet in the valley on the northern tract of the Cimeterio near Canguerasange : without receptacles, Oct. 1854. Perhaps a different species. No. 6348. Receptacle ovoid- or clavate-pyriform, cinnabar-red, juicy, papillose-puljerulous outside, 1^ in. long by | in. thick, shortly bracteate at the base ; ostiole prominent. At Sange ; fr. Feb. 1856. Coll. Carp. 898. The following No. possibly belongs here : — IsLANO OK Sr. Thomas. — A handsome tree : trunk about ft. in diameter, 25 to 40 ft. high, used for making the negro canoes or small boats ; wood smooth, whitish : branches tortuously spreading ; head broadly ovoid or hemi-^pherical. In the more elevated forests of the island ; without receptacles, Dec. 18G0. Called by the inhabitants " Figo porro." No. 6406. 0. BOSftUEIA Dup.-Th. e.x Baill. Adansonia iii. p. 338, t. 10 (18G3) ; IJentli. .t Hook. f. C4en. PI. iii. p. 370 {Bosquiea). Centroi/;/ne Welw. ex Benth. &, Hook, f., I.e. 1. B. angolensis Ficallio, PI. Uteis, p. 271 (1884). Cent)'0(ji/ite aiigolensis Welw., I.e. B. Wchrltschii Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 36 (1898). GoLUNco Alto. — A tree, usually 25 to 50 ft. high (a specimen seou near the cataracts of the river Cuango was certainly more than ()0 f r. high, with the trunk quite bare of branches up to nearly half its height), sometimes lower ; head loosely pyramidal ; trunk when i>ld bare below, divaricately branched and froiulose above : branches and branchlets spreading or very patent ; branchlets ashy or dusky purple, smooth ; young parts herbaceous-green or the buds dusky puri)le : old parts exuding a resinous bitter .somewhat caustic and aromatic milk which at first is whitish but quickly coagulates into a ruljicuud some- 1020 cxvii. MORACE.E. [Bosqioeia what soft resin ; leaves evergreen, rigidly coriaceous, deep green and glossy above, from yellow to pale green beneath ; midrib yellow ; spaces between the lateral veins pellucidly venulose ; flower-heads solitary, shortly stalked, axillary, enclosed in the bud within the bract-like receptacle : stalk semi-cylindrical ; receptacle membranous- paleaceous, variously cleft on the margin ; floAvers monoecious, apetalous ; male flowers 5 to 7, arranged around the female flower, their perianths membranous-paleaceous ; filaments straight in tiestiva- tion, more or less sub-cohering at the base, white, cylindrical-filiform ; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, flesh-coloured-violet or oftener bright deep blue, bilocular ; the cells longitudinally dehiscing, a little diverging below, surmounted at the apex by the subulate apiculus of the con- nective ; female flower placed in the centre of the receptacle or a little excentric, its perianth short tubular and acutely 5-cleft at the apex ; ovary immersed in the receptacle, unilocular ; ovule solitary, pendulous from the apex of the cell ; style firm, cylindrical, deeply bifurcate at the apex, its branches flattened linear-lanceolate variously twisted rosy-velvety and stigmatose on the inner face ; fruit drupaceous, golden yellow, a little larger than or double the size of the hips of Rrmi cayiinu L., eaten by the negroes but not much praised ; drupe formed from the baccate receptacle ; seed pendulous ; albumen wanting ; cotyledons comparatively large. The fruit is described in Welwitsch's notes also as like a plum and yellowish red or light yellow-rosy. In primitive forests at the base of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic, flowering nearly throughout the year, fruiting principally in June ; fl. and fr. May to July 1850. Xo. 456- A small tree ; branches and branchlets very patent, almost pendulous, bright purple. In wooded places at the banks of the river Cuango near Sange ■, without fl. or fr. Feb. 1855. Foliage rather larger and thinner than in the last no. No. 457. In dense primitive forests at the great cataract near Sange ; fl.-bud Aug. 1855. Xo. 458- The native name of No. 45G is " Munguenga ih, muxito " or " Munguengo ia muchito," which means the Munguenga of the woods; this name according to Ficalho, I.e., is equally applied to SjH)?idias, which has a fruit similar in taste : »S. }[oinhhi L. is called " Muguenga " or " Mugueugue." See ante, pp. 175, 170. The aspect of this BoHqueia is much like that of Mesogrjne insignif^ Engl. Eot. Jahrb. xx. p. 148. t. 5, fig. M-V (1894) as judged from the plate quoted. The Orchid Anr/rd'cum Guyonianum Reichenb. impost, ii. p. 9, grew on "Munguenga ia muxito " ; also the Fungus (?) n. 34, and Fungus n. 79, and probably lichen n. 362. 6. IPO Eumph. ex Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 566 (1807). Antiaris Leschen, in Ann. Mtis. Par. xvi. p. 478 (1810); Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 371. 1. I. toxicaria Pers., I.e. Antiaris toxicaria Leschen., I.e., p. 478, t. 22 ; Hook. Camp. Bot. Mag. i. p. 310. t. 17 (1836); Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 1, pp. 85, 86, fig. 64 (1888). A. innoxia Blume, Rumphia i. p. 172, t. 54 (1835). A. duhia Spanoghe in Hook., I.e. Arbor toxicaria macassariensis, Thunb. & ^jmel. Dissert. (21 May, 1788), incorrectly referred to by Pers., I.e., at the end of the volume. GoLUNGO Alto. — A handsome tree, with the aspect of a huge Alnus, 33 to 60 ft. high, sometimes taller and reaching 3 to 3| ft. in Ipo] CXVII. MOIIACE.E. 1021 diameter at the base : head depreRsed-dilated. very ample, uiajostic. evergreen ; trunk straight, bare of branches to the heijjjht of l.'i to 20 ft. and there 2 to 2k ft. in diameter, patently branched above, the lower branches almost" horizontal or evun droopinj,', the upper onen erect-spreadini,', together making up the hemispherical liead : branch- lets Jiexuous, tuberculate ; leaves coriaceous, more or less shining or varnished-glossy above, paler beneath, when dried almost cojipcry red beneath ; young fruits greenish, tipped with a long bitid stylo or rarely with several styles ; ripe frnits drupaceous, obovoid. shortly pedunculate, coriaceous, mucronate at the apex with the remains of the style, monospermons. softly and slightly velvety, orange-red ; embryo large, white ; all parts of the tree especially the fruit exuding a viscid resinous whitish milk. All the specimens seen were dicecious. In the primitive forests of the Alto Queta mountains, sporadic or in some places plentiful : H. in Fob. and -March, young fr. in April and May, ripe fr. in .July to middle of Aug.. iX'>^) and IBSO, first seen on the northern slopes of Cimeterio do Alto das Cruzes. No. 2593. A lactescent tree, with the habit of ^Incamba-Camba {C/dorophom cxcdsa Welw. herb. no. 15511) ; fruit ficiform, velvety- scarlet. Cimeterio : fr. July 18o7. Com.. Cai:p. 9(i.'). Welwitsch and his negro servants frequently climbed some of these trees to cut flowers and fruits, but suffered no bad effects. The leaves in the above No. are entire or somewhat repand but not .serrulate, and glabrous or nearly so as well as the branches ; but Sir Joseph Hooker in Fl. Brit. Ind. v. pp. .".;^7, o.W (18«S) describes the leaves as entire or serrulate scaberulous glabrous or tomentose beneath, and the young leaves as lanceolate serrulate hirsute : and he states that, according to Dalzell. the leaves on the shoots are very different from the old ones, being densely hirsute elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate and serrulate : and that similar but much larger leaves occur in Malayan specimens ; the following Nos., therefore, .should be compared with this species, and perhaps belong to it :— GoLl'NUo Ai.To. — A small tree, with similar habit and in company with the above, near Sange, but never seen to flower, July IS.'io. No. 2595. A tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, perhaps a young state of a larger tree, copiously lactescent. In damp forests at the cataracts of the river Quango, near Sange, sporadic ; the trees were never seen to flower, though Welwitsch lived near them for months, Aug. 1855. Negro name " N-dua." No. 1232. A tree, tj ft. high, probably young, with the habit of a Ficns. In the secondary woods of the Central Queta mountains ; without fl. or fr. June 1851). No. 1232''. 7. ARTOCARPUS J. R. ct G. Forst. Char. Gen. PI. p. lul. tt. 51. 51« (1776) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 376. Socciis Rumph. ex Forst., I.e., p. 102. liima Sonner. Voy. Nouv. Gain. p. 99. tt. 57-60 (1776). Rademachia Thunb. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockh. xxxvii. p. 250 (1776). For-sters' genus is probably anterior to tho names of Sonnerat or Thunberg, for the preface to their book is dated November 1775 ; Tlumberg's appeared in the last quarter of 1776. 1. A. communis J. R. & G. Forst., I.e., p. 102. Rademacliia incisa Thunb., I.e., p. 253. A. iiicisi's L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 411 (1781); Welw. Apontam. p. 546, sub n. 69(1859) {incisa); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 273 (1884); Engler, Nat. 1022 cxvii. MORACE.E. [A^'toccoyvs Pflanzenfam. iii. 1, pp. 82, 83, fig. 61 (1888) ; Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 35 (1898). Sitodium altile S. Parkins. Journ. South 8eas, p. 45 (1784). Saccus communis 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 633 (1891). Sierra Leone. — Cultivated in several gardens at Freetown, where Welwitsch took the opportunity of eating the savoury cooked fruit, Sept. 18o3 ; he recommended its re-introduction and general cultiva- tion in Angola. No. 2585 (no specimens). The fruit is cut into slices and baked in Jinguba oil, that is, the oil extracted from the seeds of Aracliis hypogcKa L., ante, p. 239. 2. A. integrifolia L. f., I.e., p. 412 ; Ficalho, I.e., p. 272 ; Engl. Men., I.e. {integrifolius). Rademachia integra Thunb., I.e.. p. 254. Sitodium ecmliflorum Gsertn. Fruct. i. p. 345, tt. 71, 72 (1788). A.jaca Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 209 (1789). Saceus integer 0. Kuntze, I.e. Isy,A\n OF St. Thomas. — Wild here and there, and cultivated in both the coast and mountain regions of the island : ripe fr. Dec. 18G(). No. 2586. The fruit (syncarpium) is brought to market whole, and is often much larger than a man's head, green on the outside with a soft rind : the interior is full of a soft pulp (like half-baked bread), in which the seeds are embedded ; the seeds are about an inch long. The fruit is sliced and cooked in oil like the last species, which, however, makes a preferable dish. The inhabitants call the tree " Jaca" or " Jacca." Lichen n. 141 grew on the trunk of this tree on Pico de Papagaio in Prince's Island in Sept. 1853. 8. TRECULIA Decaisne ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 374. MyrioiwMis Welw. ex Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5986 (1872) ; and ex Ficalbo, PL Uteis, p. 272 (1884). 1. T. africana Decaisne ex Tree, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, viii. p. 109, t. 3. figs. 86-99 (1847); Hook, f., I.e.; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, I.e.; Henriques, BoL Soc. Brot. x. p. 162 (1893); Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 32, tt. 12, 13 and 14, fig. B (1898). Ifi/riopeltis edulis Welw., I.e. ; and ex Ficalho, I.e. Ficus Welwitsehii (Miquel ms.) Hort. Kew. ex Hook, f.. I.e.; non Warb. Barra do Dande. — A tree about 25 ft. high ; leaves rather shorter and comparatively broader than in the type, about 7^ in. long by 4 in. broad, in shape almost like those of Jrtocarjmf^ hitcgrifoUa L. f. Cultivated in plantations of " Bombo " (cf. mandioc) on Fazenda do Bombo, on the right bank of the river Dande, about 500 ft. elevation, where it is said to have been formerly introduced by Pedro Alexan- drino from the island of St. Thomas ; without fl. or fr., Sept. 1858. No. 2588. GoLUNGO Alto. — A handsome, stout, lofty tree, 35 to 80 ft. high, exuding a whitish milk ; trunk straight, 1 to 2 ft. in diameter at the base, bare below up to two-thirds of its height, in consequence of the gradual falling away of the branches, loosely branched above ; branches spreading almost horizontal or deflected-patent, strong, long, tortuous ; the younger branchlets atropurpureous ; leaves coriaceous, bright green, glossy, paler beneath, atropurpureous on the midrib ; flowers white, dioecious ; heads of male flowers mostly spherical or slightly Treculia] fxvii. MouACE.t:. 10*23 ellipsoidal, as large as a mans fist or usually a little laryer than a goose's egg and more glohose, I3 to 2\ in. in diameter when Kn-en. beset with pt'ltate very densely aggregated scales from the clefts or inter-eiibstauce of which tlie antheriferous filaments emerge ; perianth usually bifid ; the lobes erect, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ciliolate on the margin, a little thickened and somewhat fleshy below, whitish green ; stamens always 2 in the flowers examined, opposite the perianth-lobes • filaments exserted, fleshy, straight ; anthers arcuate-oblong, dorsifixed. comparatively large, persistent, sweetly fragrant, hard, somewhat rigid, turning snow-white in drying: pollen copious; fruit a .syncarpiuni, immense, as large as a man's head, or twice as large, or tlie si7.e of a large pine-apple (one of the fruits brought in July from the (^ueta mountains, the largest of G, but still green outside and conseipiently not quite ripe, measured a yard in vertical circumference), when ripe yellowish outside, very rough, agreeably sweet-scented aud somewhat acidulous or vinous-aromatic, almost resembling a gigantic lemon, ellipsoidal ; interior receptacle central, spherical, hard, woody, Ijearing elongate-cuncate scales which are roundly peltate at the surface of the fruit and among the viscid pulpy shafts of which the seeds are com- pactly-embedded : seeds very numerous in the syncarpium, more than 1500 in a single one, edible when cooked, as large as those of I'iinix Pinea L. and not dissimilar in taste, sometimes boiled, sometimes roasted or prepared like sweetmeats, and so eaten by negroes, especially by the Mahungos, and also by the colonists, and used in the prei)aratio'n of a kind of almond-milk which is truly refreshing drink in these hot countries, and alleviates in a very great degree the thirst of those stricken down with fever. In the denser damp slopes of the primitive forests of the Alto Queta mountains, about Sange. Baugo. N-delle. etc., and at the banks of the river Luinha, in deep valleys, not plentiful ; male fl., April and May ISo."), and from Nov. 1855 to Jan. 18.')G : ripe fr. beginning of April and beginning of Aug. 1855 and Jan. 1856 ; seedling, Feb. 1856. Native name '' Dizanha." No. 2587 and Coi.l. Caki>. 902 to '.10-4. PiNco Anhongo. — A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high. At the banks of the river Cuanza, fr. March 1S57. Coi.i.. Caiu'. 1(I15/j. Island oi- St. Thomas. — A tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ; head elongated, interrupted, evergreen ; branches patent ; fruit spherical or ellipsoidal, very minutely scutellate outside, as large as a moderate-sized pumpkin or as a human head or larger ; seeds cooked by the negroes and dried, edible, numerous in the syncarpium. about 1000 to 1200, embedded horizontally in white and spongy pulp, well tasted. In the denser damper forests of the island, up to elevation of 2500 ft., wild, and on account of its savoury fruit occasionally cultivated : fr. Dec. 1860. Native names •' Isa," "Isaqueute," " Quicange," " Giquenge." or "Gicuenge." No. 2589 and Coi.i.. Cahp. 20. In Senegambia it is called "Okwa" or "Ocua." It is mentioned by "NVelwitsch in Synopse Kxplic. p. 54. n. 142 (1862). under the name of " Auiendoas de Disanha " (Disanha almonds) ; the fr\iit is described as having the shape and size of a small " abobora chila " (('iK-nr/i'tn ficifoliii Bouche, l(,hi,i ,tlha G. Don {",it>, p. 4S) grew under the shade of this tree then in Hower-bud at the end of Uct. 1855. 1024 cxvii. MORACE.E. [IWcuUa This is the rather thick tree, 30 ft. high, with large fruit and edible seed, noticed by J. R. T. Vogel by the river Niger, IG Sept. 1841, and called by the Kroomen " Oqua."' See Niger Flora, pp. 67. 68, 525 (1849). In the island of St. Thomas, the name " Oca " or " Oqua," is used to designate Ceiha Caiie