CATALOGUE

OF

WELWITSCH'S

AFRICAN PLANTS.

Part II.

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3n+isVi m^,^seu.^>-i (Na-t.HiSt.J J)ep+. cf rcTo . _,^
CATALOGUE

OF THE

AFEICAN PLANTS

COLLECTED BY

DR. nUEDRICH AYELWITSCH

IN 1853-61.

DICOTYLEDONS, PART II.

COMBRETACE^ to RUBIACE^E.

BY

WILLIAM PHILIP HIERN, M.A., F.L.S.

CORRESr. MEM. K. ACAD. LISB.

LONDON:
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Printed by Hazell. Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.

LII. COMBRETACE.E. 337

LIL COMBRETACE^.

Combretacese, wliether as climbers often with their grand
inflorescence, or as moderate-sized trees, constitute one of the
greatest ornaments of the tropical landscape, making a splendid
show with their variously-coloured leaves and winged fruits ; by
the abundance of their flowers, especially in the case of the
species which have red blossoms, they produce a wonderfully
magnificent effect : they mostly bloom in winter. Gombretimi
flcmimeum Wehv., a climbing shrub, which is frequent about
Sange in Golungo Alto, has its petals and sepals and even its
bracts coloured bright red, ultimately turning dark blood-red,
and thus presents the appearance of a burning bush. Few species
give from dried specimens any adequate idea of the beauty of the
plants in a growing state. Some species occur only as herbs or
undershrubs, others as trees even to the height of 80 ft., others
again either as small shrubs or mighty climbei^s ; some have a very
wide distribution, as for instance C. constrictuvi Laws., which occurs
on both the western and eastern sides of the African continent,
and which in Angola is difi^used in different forms in the interior,
and is represented in Pungo Andongo by a closel}^ allied species.

Six species of trees or erect shrubs adorn the forests about
Pungo Andongo, and of these one with large glossy leaves and
clusters of blood-red fruits is conspicuous, inhabiting the forests
of the Cuanza valley from Sansamanda to Quisonda, a distance
of at least 75 to 80 geographical miles; Comhretuni constrictum
Laws., an officinal shrub, occurs very abundantly near Can-
dumba ; the scandent species with flaming-red floweis are rarer
than in Golungo Alto and Cazengo ; but G. racemosum. P. Beauv.
with its silky-glossy leaves and scarlet-red flowers produces a
splendid contrast. Several species, which are found in masses in
Golungo Alto, occur in Pungo Andongo singly, and so exei-cise but
little effect as a feature in the physiognomy of the vegetation.

Most species show a considerable vaiiation between the leaves
of their young shoots and those of the older flower-bearing
branches, both in shape and indumentum, so that it is often very
difficult to classify forms of the same species which have sprung
from the same stock but at different periods or have attained a,
greater age ; frequently even the densest tomentum on the radical
shoots becomes obsolete on the flowering shrub. The pubescence,
which is often silky or like felt, and which is whitish or greyish
on the living plant, assumes on dried specimens a tawny or
ferruginous colour, rendering the descriptions taken from herba-
rium specimens mostly erroneous and occasioning wrong diagnostic
characters. For instance, C. holosericeum Sond. is described by
its author as clothed with tawny hairs, while in natuie it shines
with a silvery-white pubescence on its leaves and branches, and
the wings of its fruit, described as yellowish, are really of a
blood-red colour.

The colour of the petals is remarkably constant in the same

338 Lii. COMBRETACE.E. [Terimnalia

species ; Welwitsch never noticed in Angola whitish or yellow
petals in the typically red-Howering species, nor red petals in the
typically white or yellowish species.

The wood of several species of Terminalia and of the arbores-
cent Combreta is very valuable and held in high estimation by the
colonists, as for instance that of the Mueia and the Gususu, The
roots and bark of some species are used as yellow and black dyes ;
and those of others as an astringent in skin diseases and diarrhoea.
T. Catappa L., which has been long cultivated in the Cape de
Verde Islands and in St. Thomas and Prince's islands, is a capital
tree for avenues and moreover supplies well-flavoured seeds.
Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn. f. is well suited for making dams
to prevent the washing away of the beach on the sea-shore ; it
grows almost exclusively and thrives well in salt water, in
company with Avicennia and Rhizophora ; in some negro villages
the bruised leaves are employed for tanning and dyeing brown
fishermen's nets, either alone or mixed with the leaves of Chryso-
balanus Icaco L. The Mube, Combretum holosericeum Sond.,
svipplies the people of Loanda with excellent firewood, and on that
account has become rarer and rarer in that neighbourhood. The
flowers of most species afford ample food for bees.

1. TERMINALIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 685
(excl. syn. Bucida L.).

1. T. Catappa L. Mant. PI. ii. p. 519 (1771); Welw. Apont.
p. 567 sub n. 164; Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 416;
Picalho, PI. Uteis, p. 182 (1884).

Buceras Bucida Crantz, Inst. i. p. 133 (1766).

Island of St. Thojias. — Coast region, in the ascent to Fazenda do
Monte CafEe ; fl. without fr. end of Dec. 1860. Cultivated under the
name of " Amendoeira das Westindias," but a native of the East
Indies. No. 4:293& and Coll. Carp. 19.

Cape de Yerde Islands. — A handsome tree, about 25 ft. high.
Cultivated in S. lago, in Valle de S. Domingo, in gardens, etc., and
called " Amendoeira da India " (the Indian almond tree) : fl. and fr.
Jan. 1861. No. 4293. Ripe fr. Jan. 1861. " Amendoeira das West-
indias." Coll. Carp. 547.

Welwitsch recommended that this tree should be introduced in
Angola. (See Welwitsch, I.e.)

2. T. sericea Burch. ex DC. Prodr. iii. p. 13 (1828) ; Laws., I.e.
Var. angolensis.

T. angolensis Welw. ex Ficalho in Bol. Soc. Georg. Lisb., ser. 2,
p. 708 (Feb. 14, 1882), and PI. Uteis, p. 182 (1884) ; Elliot in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 79 (1894) ; ? 0. Hoffmann in Linnsea
xliii. p. 131 (1881).

Ambaca. — A sparingly leafy tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk straight ;
head widely spreading ; leaves thinly coriaceous, evergreen, greenish-
glaucous, rather bright, paler beneath ; flowers white. In mountainous
rocky places near the cave at Puri-Cacarambola, at an elevation of
about 3000 feet, not abundant ; fl. middle of Oct. 185G. No. 4339.

Terminidia] lii. combretace^. 339

PuNGO ANDONCiO. — In dry thin open woods near Caghuy : H. Nov

1856, fr. May 1857. No. 4286. A tree of 12 to 20 ft., occurring
throughout Angola, with very hard and durable wood, and known by
the name of "Mueia," wonderfully variable as to the indumentum of
its branchlets foliage and inflorescence ; flowering branches, petioles,
rachis of the racemes, and calyx usually pubescent-hirsute ; petioles
not exceeding h to j in. long, sometimes almost obsolete ; leaves when
old mostly more or less glabrate or thinly puberulous, almost always
oblong-oblanceolate, always deep-green above, canescent or whitish-
glaucous with midrib purplish laeneath ; flowers white, arranged in
simple racemes shorter than the leaves ; stamens 10 ; drupes 1] to 1 J in.
long, borne on a stipes of I to ^ in. long, and surrounded with a rather
rigid wing elliptical in outline and more or less emarginateat the apex,
thinly tomentellous or pubescent on the surface. Abundant, on rocky
hills and at the borders of forests near the fortress ; fl. and f r. Oct. 1 850.
No. 4340. A moderate-sized tree with a narrow head, and affording
excellent timber ; flowers white. In open rocky woods near Caghuy ;
fl. Nov. and Dec. 1856. No. 4341- An evergreen tree, 15 to 20 ft.
high. In the thickets of the fortress near the river Luxillo ; fr. May

1857. No. 4342.

HuiLi.A. — A small tree of 8 to 12 ft. ; branches and branchlets
sparse, deep-purple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, subsessile, oblanceolate,
apiculate, glabrous on both sides, bright-green above, glaucous beneath.
In hilly tall-bushy places between Lopollo and Humpata, at 5000 to
5500 feet altitude : fr. end of May 1860 ; a glabrate form. Nos. 4285
and 4343. CoLi.. Carp. 59.

Var. huillensis.

Foliage pallid, clothed on both sides with appressed incon-
spicuous pubescence.

HuiLLA. — A small tree, of a grey colour, with pallid head and white
flowers. In hilly, bushy, somewhat stony, dry and barren situations
between Lopollo and Nene, at an elevation of 5000 ft. : fl. Dec. 1859,
young fr. Feb. 1860. Nos. 4294 and 4338.

The mueia (pronounced mu-ei-a) has a trunk rarely exceeding 18 in.
diameter : the wood is compact, of tolerably fine grain, yellowish
colour and great hardness, and suitable for the construction of various
agricultural implements, carts, and domestic utensils. See Welwitsch,
Apont. p. 568 under n. 164, and Synopse, p. 18, n. 45.

3. T. benguellensis Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

An inelegant shrub, sub-arborescent, 4 to 6 ft. high or
occasionally higher, remarkable for the hardness of its wood and
rigidity of its ramifications ; branches virgate, subterete, glabrate
below, shortly pubescent or felted above, the older ones sub-
spinescent in consequence of the stiff pin -like character of the
patent alternate lateral branchlets, which are leafy in a fasciculate
manner at the apex ; indumentum pallid ; leaves alternate
.scattered or mostly crowded at the tips of the branchlets, obovate,
rounded and often apiculate or emarginate at the apex, more or
less wedge-shaped at the base, thinly coriaceous, deep-green and
glabrescent or obsoletely tomentellous above, pallid and felted
beneath, entire, 1 to 2] in. long by 4 to 1 g in. broad ; petiole
i to ^ in. long, hairy or subglabrate ; inflorescence in the axils
of the uppermost leaves ; fruits racemose, bright blood-red, oval-

340 Lii. COMBRETACE^. [Terininalici

oblong, glabrate, drupaceous, surrounded by a broad flat purplish
wing, 1| to 2 in. long by | to 1 in. broad, emarginate at the
apex, somewhat narrowed towards the base ; central portion bony,
very hard, 1 -seeded; fruiting racemes 1 to 2 5^ in. long, pedicels
ranging up to ^ in. long.

Benguella. — In bushy places at the sea coast near the city ; fr.
June 1859. Nos. 4290 and 4344.

Var. ovalis.

Fruit oval in outline, li to 1| in. long by 1 to Ig in. broad,
deep blood-red ; leaves rather oblanceolate, nearly glabrescent
except the veins beneath.

MosSAMEDES. — In sandy thickets, near the town, at Boca do Rio
Bero, on the sea coast ; fr, July 1859. Nos. 4291 and 4337. Coll.
Carp. 106 and 548.

HuiLLA. — In bushy, hilly, rather dry places between Lopollo and
Nene ; fl. Dec. 1859. youn^ fr. Feb. 1860 (fr. April). No flowers have
been preserved. No. 4292.

4. T. brachystemma Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A tree, 15 to 20 feet high, glabrous throughout except the very
young leaves pedicels bracteoles and part of the flowers, with the
habit of an Anacardium ; head very broad ; branches patent ;
leaves alternate, scattered on the barren shoots, crowded at the
extremities of the flowering branches, sessile or at length shortly
petiolate, obovate or obovate-elliptical, rounded obtuse or
emarginate and abruptly acuminate cuspidate apiculate or
mucronate at the apex, gradually attenuated towards the base,
deep-green above, whitish -glaucous beneath, 2| to 6| in. long
by Ig to 2 1 in. broad, entire, thinly coriaceous; venation in-
conspicuous ; flowers polygamo-dicecious, ^^ in. diam., on short
pubescent pedicels, arranged in spikelike shortly pedunculate
racemes 1 to 2 in. long ; bracteoles lanceolate, about equalling
the pedicels, pubescent outside, deciduous ; calyx yellowish -green
or whitish, puberulous or glabrescent, 5-cleft ; lobes deltoid at
the base, with a prolonged tip ; stamens shorter than or scarcely
exceeding the calyx ; ovary pilose ; style prolonged, glabrescent ;
fruit glaucous-purple, glabrate, oval, somewhat compressed,
surrounded with a broad wing, emarginate at the apex, some-
what narrowed or nearly rounded at the base, 1 to 1|^ in. long
by 1 to Ig in. broad.

HuiLLA. — In open woods, in rocky places, at an elevation of 5000
to 5600 ft., between Lopollo and Empalanea ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; fr. May
1860. Nos. 4287 and 4345. Cf. Coll. Carp. 86.

2. GUIERA Juss. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 687.

1. G. senegalensis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. ii. p. 486, t. 360, fig. sup.
(1793); Pers. Syn. PI. i. p. 470 (1805); Poir. Encycl. Meth.
Suppl. ii. p. 861 (1811); Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 282, t. 66,
fig. 2 (1833) ; Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 418.

G. glandulosa Sm. in Pees, Cycl. vol. xvii. (1811). Gujera
senegalensis Gmel. Syst. ii. p. Qlb (1791).

Guiera] lii. combretace.I':. 341

MossAMKDES. — A robust shrub, climbing high and widely, becoming
hoary ; leaves opposite, densely tomentosc beneath and also white-
punctate above. Abundant in tall thickets in Mata dos Carpenteiros ;
without either fl. or fr. July 1859. Nos. 4289 and 4346.

3. LAGUNCULARIA Gajrtn. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 688.
1. L. racemosa Gsertn. f. Fruct. iii. p. 209, t. 217, f. 3 (1805) ;
Welw. in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (1854); Lawson in Oliv.
FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 419.

LoANDA. — A shrub standing erect, or a small tree of 5 to 7 ft. ;
flowers white. Abundant and nearly always in company with
RJuzophor(( and Aviceinud, at the muddy sea-shore, near the city of
Loanda; at Zamba grande, frequently inundated by the sea; fl. July 1854.
No. 4347- Abundant also in like company on the island of Loanda,
at Cabo Lombo, etc. ; fl. from Oct to Dec. 1853.

4. COMBRETUM Loeflino-, Iter, p. 308 (1758) ; L. Syst. edit. 10,
p. 999 (1759); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 688.

1. C. Klotzschii Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 422,
quoad speeim. Welw.

Goi.UNCio Alto. — A gigantic shrub, climbing high ; sarmentose
branches 20 to 25 ft. long ; leaves thick, not coriaceous, fallen at the
time of the flowers ; flowering branches often 2i ft. long, as well as
the whole inflorescence, except the petals, glandular-viscid ; calyx
nerved-striate, pale-greenish, almost yellow-greenish ; petals of a deep
red-scarlet colour ; styles far exceeding the 10 stamens. In the more
elevated thickets and on sparingly-leafy trees at the skirts of forests,
on the north-east side of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta ; fl.
and fr. July 1855. No. 4300.

2. C. oxystachyum Welw. ex Laws., I.e., p. 422.

Bumbo. — A shrub, ?> to 5 ft. high, softly pubescent throughout,
sparingly and patently branched ; branches sometimes elongate-
sarmentose ; leaves alternate or opposite ; flowei's scarlet, arranged in
acutely conical spicate racemes 2i to 3 in. long, terminating the branches
and branchlets ; calyx-teeth long, acute, gradually acuminate ; petals
lanceolate, acuminaite, rigid, hairy outside ; stamens 10 ; fruit 5- or
4-winged. In rocky tall-bushy places near Quitibe de Cima, at an
elevation of 2000 to 2500 ft., sparingly ; only one shrub seen in fl. and
(very few) fr. ; June 1860. No. 4309.

3. C. celastroides Welw. ex Laws., I.e., p. 422.

HuiLLA.— A much-branched shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high, very rarely
arborescent but scarcely scandent, or frequently a bush with a trunk
and more or less climbing branches, with the habit of a C'elasirus ;
leaves lepidote beneath ; flowers yellow, tetramerous ; calyx densely
lepidote : disk present ; fruit densely lepidote. In hilly places amongst
tall bushes from Mumpulla up to Lopollo, especially in Morro de
Lopollo ; fl. bud Oct., fl. Dec. 1859, fr. March 1860 ; also in rocky
places, fr. end of March 1859 ; and in forests above Lopollo, Dec.
1859. Nos. 4370, 4389. Cf. Coll. Carp. 657 (part).

4. C. grandiflorum G. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1824, p. 340 ;
Laws., I.e., p. 423.

C. Afzelianuni G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 666 (1832).

342 Lii. coMBRETACEiE. [Combretum

Sierra Leoxe. — A climbing shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; shoots 6 to
10 ft. long, scandent in all directions or pendulous-nodding ; leaves
glossy, blackish-green, coriaceous ; flowers sanguine-red, brilliant, very
handsome. In elevated forests at the cataract of Sugar-loaf Mountain
above Freetown ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 4311.

Ambriz. — Sporadic, in rocky thickets alongside streams between
Ambriz and Quizembo ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 4310-

5. C. constrictlim Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Troi?. Afr. ii. p. 423;
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 183 (1884).

LoANDA. — A large shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, with stems in some cases
erect, in others climbing amongst other shrubs or decumbent ; leaves
deciduous at the flowering season ; flowers whitish ; anthers brick-red.
Abundant in moist thickets between Quicuxe and Mutollo, but rarely
flowering : at Quicuxe with leaves and without fl. April and July 1854.
Native name " Mafucama-huje " or " Muhondongolo." No. 4302.

IcoLO E Bengo.- — By thickets in rocky situations near Prata ; fl,
Sept. 1854. Native name '' Muhondongolo." No. 4304.

LiBONOo. — A small shrub, mostly only 1 to 3 ft. high, rarely attain-
ing 3 to 5 ft., mostly but not always leafless at the time of flowering ;
branchlets virgate-sarmentose ; leaves opposite, membranous but rather
fleshy, quickly dropping in the course of drying ; calyx-limb glabrescent ;
petals elongate-spathulate, obtuse, rather shaggy, whitish ; stamens 10,
with red anthers. In dense thickets at the edges of forests in the
more elevated parts of the district, at the banks of the river Lifune ;
fl. without leaves Sept. 1858. Native name " Muandongolo." No. 4303.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A climbing shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, with sarmentose
branches variously curved or elongate-straight ; petals of a pale
sulphur colour, woolly-ciliate. In rocky thickets near Cambondo and
Cabanga Cacalunga, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1855, ripe fruit
Jan. 1855. Native name "Muhondongolo" or " Mochondongolo."
Nos. 4282 and 4305. A low scandent shrub ; leaves grass-green,
pendulous by reason of the weak petioles being always bent and
twisted in various ways : odour of the bruised branches and foliage
resembling that of Prnnux Padui^ L., not noticed in the root, which is
recommended by the natives as an excellent remedy in the case of
worms {Ascaridcs) in children. In thickets about Sange, sporadic ;
without either fl. or fr. beginning of June 1855. Native name
" Muhondongolo." No. 4306.

Ambaca. — A sarmentose shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with numerous stems,
mostly leafless at the time of flowering ; leaves membranous but rather
rigid : flowers white except the brick-red anthers, decandrous ; calyx
rather shaggy, with a campanulate limb and 5 teeth ; petals elongate-
spathulate or lanceolate-spathulate, shaggy, whitish, erect, far exceeding
the calyx-limb. Not uncommon but sporadic, in bushy rocky places
near Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. and also leafy branches Oct. 1856. Used
oflBcinally by the natives. This No. is referred in Welwitsch's
herbarium, to Lawson's variety /3, though the next species, C. rigidi-
fol'mm Welw., better suits Lawson's description. No. 4307.

A decoction of the root or a tepid infusion of the bark is administered
to children suffering from intestinal worms {A^inir'ides) ; it is usually
leafless at the time of flowering. Another form of the native name
is " Muandongolo." The green leaves when rubbed give off the smell
of cyanic acid.

6. C. rigidifolium Welw. ms. in Herb,

An erect shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; stem with a few subterete

Combretum\ lii. coMBRETACK.t;. 343

branches springing from neiir its base, dark-ashy rather strict
and straight and puberulous towards the extremities ; leaves
mostly ternate, oval, shortly acuminate to an obtuse or apiculate
apex, somewhat cordate at the base, minutely white-dotted and
glabrous on both faces except the puberulous clearly marked
venation, the principal veins of which are impressed on the upper
face, sub-glaucescent above, thinly coriaceous, veiy rigid, 3 to G in.
long by 1 ^ to 3 wide ; petiole tawny-tomentellous or obsoletely
so, g to i in. long, thickened towards the base ; inflorescence
axillary, densely racemose, brown-tomentellous oi- densely
pubescent, about half as long as the leaves ; pedicels ranging
up to \ in. long ; flowers white, pentamerovts ; calyx densely
pubescent, almost tomentose, constricted above the ovary, the
free portion somewhat funnel-shaped, ^ in. long, glabrous inside
except dense brush-like hairs at the base, teeth deltoid, short :
petals oblanceolate, shaggy, veiny, longer than the calyx-teeth.
y\f in. long; stamens 10, unequal, exserted, glabrous, inserted on
the calyx-tube at different heights near its middle ; style glabrous,
exserted rather beyond the filaments.

PUNGO Andoxgo, — In thickets along the margins of Pauda forests,
near LuxiUo, sparingly, only two specimens seen in fl. (and afterwards
in vain sought for in fr.), end of Oct. 1856. No. 4308.

Nearly related to Muandongolo (C. cunstrictaui Laws.).

7. C. racemosum P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. p. 90 t. 118 (1818) ;
Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. p. 285, t. 67 (1833); Laws, in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 424.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A divaricately branched shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high,
rambling, scarcely scandent ; leaves thick but soft, clothed beneath
with a whitish tomentum ; flowers purple. By secondary thickets
between Trombeta and Cambondo, rather rare : fl. l'.> Sept. 1854.
No. 4299. A slender sarmentose shrub, much branched from the base,
occasionally standing erect ; branches very long, sometimes deflexed.
sometimes scandent, or twisted and twining, aculeate ; prickles strong,
recurved, acuminate ; adult leaves brightly shining, green, the young
leaves whitish-yellow or yellowish-tomentose : flowers atro-purpureous
or blood-red purple, subsessile ; bracteoles small, narrow, acute ; calyx
clothed with short shaggy downy hairs, the tube obtusely 4-angled, the
limb funnel-shaped or elongate-campanulate, shaggy inside about the
insertion of the stamens, naked and with a purple gloss at the base
about the insertion of the style, mouth ciliate, 4-toothed, teeth from
a broad base abruptly long-acuminate, erect ; petals 4, obovate- or
ovate-lanceolate, erect, mostly rather acute but occasionally hooded at
the apex or folded or rather obtuse or quasi-spathulate, rather fleshy
and rigid, glabrous inside, denselj' shaggy outside, more or less bearded-
ciliate on the margin, atro-purpureous or yellow-reddish, much longer
than the calyx-teeth ; stamens 8, very long, inserted in two rows,
exserted, straight, radiately arranged ; style glabrous, straight, central,
nearly as long as the filaments ; fruit smooth, 4-augled, green-reddish.
In the drier thin hilly thickets near Bango Aquitamba and Bumba ;
fl. and young fr. Sept., fl. and ripe fr. on the same branches Oct. 1855.
No. 4353.

PuNGO Andongo. — A sarmentose shrub, 4 ft. high ; fruit rose-

344 Lii. COMBRETACE.E. [Combvetiom

purple. By the thickets of the fortress, near Luxillo, rather rare ; fr.
Feb. 1857. Xo. 4354.

8. C. flammeum \Vehv. ms. in Herb.

C. racemosum, var. flammeum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 425.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An arborescent shrub, very widely and highly
but not very highly climbing. Sange, fl. July 1856. No. 4295.
Near Sange, 31 March 1856 ; fl. and fr. on the same plant. No. 4296.
In Molemba (cf. Ficus) groves at Sange ; ripe fr. Nov. 1854. No. 4297.
By side of and on the road from Cambondo to Trombeta : in
the rainy season, Sept. 1854:, without fl. or fr. No. 4298. A very
beautiful prickly shrub, climbing extensively but not to a great
height, glandular-downy when young ; leaves not coriaceous, opposite
or occasionally ternate, pellucid-punctate, ciliate on the margin with
hyaline hairs ; petioles in old age after the fall of the blades changed
into turned-back prickles ; the floral leaves, bracts, pedicels, flowers,
and the whole inflorescence carmine, flowers very handsome, tetra-
merous, nearly sessile, appearing principally in the middle of winter
and then often a plant of this shrub covers fences for a distance of 18
to 30 ft. and makes it blaze as if on fire, afterwards flowering in Nov.
and Dec. ; calyx glabrous except the tetragonal tube, which is rather
shaggy on the angles, limb elongate-campanulate, viscid inside, teeth
from a very broad base acute ; petals oblong, slightly attenuated but
scarcely acute at the apex, densely downy outside, ciliate at the margin ;
stamens far exserted ; style equalling the stamens : fruit smooth,
4-winged, apiculate but not emarginate at the apex, wholly carmine.
In thickets at the borders of the forest nearly throughout the district,
fl. July and August 1855 and 1856 ; in the Molemba groves, at the end
of Oct. 1855, f r. No. 4351. A widely climbing shrub, very extensively
sarmentose ; flowers and floral leaves bright blood-red. In secondary
thickets after cultivation, in the garden of the residency, fl. Oct. 1854.
Apparently this species. No. 4352.

Ambaca. — A shrub sometimes erect, sometimes sarmentose-scandent;
fruit rose-purple. In neglected roadways ; f r. Oct. 1856. Apparently
this species. No. 4355.

9. C. paniculatum Vent. Choix PL sub n. 58 (1803) ; Laws.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 425.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In thickets between Bango and Sange, fr. May
1856 ; Cungulungulo, fl. No. 4284. A little shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high,
standing erect ; Delamboa river, fl. end of August 1856. No. 4333-
A leafless climbing shrub ; Bango road near Quilombo, fl. July 1856.
No. 4334. Ponte de Luiz Simoes ; fl. and fr. August 1855. No. 4336.
A tall-climbing shrub, in the young state usually standing erect and
remaining so during 2 to 4 years ; leaves coriaceous, thick, brittle,
very glossy on the upper-side, deciduous just at the time of flowering ;
calyx 4-toothed, wholly yellowish-green, clothed with a loose tomentum,
teeth deltoid ovate acuminate ; petals 4, short, ovate, more or less
concave, delicately ciliolate at the apex and on the upper margin,
deep-scarlet ; stamens 8, partly much paler than the calyx, inflected
in the bud, far exserted in the full flower ; style purplish, exceeding
the stamens. In thickets and also in dense primitive forests, climbing
on the tallest trees ; Ponte de Luiz Simoes, early fl. August 1858.
No. 4359. A robust shrub ; stem often 3 in. in diameter at the base
and more, 50 to 60 ft. long or even more, reaching the tops of the

C'o7nbretam] Lii. cojibketace.e. 345

tallest trees, and there with its innumerable flowers decking the tops
with a scarlet cloak. In the elevated forests of Cunguluns;ulo in
Sobato Calanga, etc., flowering throughout the year ; H. July lHo5.
No. 4360. Leaves coriaceous and glossy, not opaque nor herbaceous ;
Howers carmine. On the way to Ambaca from Ponte de Luiz Simoes,
fl. June 1855 ; between Sange and Ponte de Luiz Simoes, fl. end of
July. No. 4361. A tall-climbing shrub, with bright-scarlet flowers.
By thickets between Sange and Ponte de Luiz Simoes : fl. end of
July 1855. No. 4362. A shrub climbing to a great height, spiny in
old age ; flowers of a fiery-red colour, octandrous ; leaves coriaceous,
very glossy. Abundant in primitive forests, and standing erect in
secondary thickets near Sange ; Quibolo, fl. July 1856 ; Uelamboa,
fl. August 185G. No. 4366. A stout shrub, climbing high, with scarlet
flowers. In thickets between Bango and Sange ; fr. May 1856.
No. 4367.

CAZEN(iO. — A climbing arborescent shrub. Mata de Cabondo ; fl.
June 1855. No. 4363.

Zenza do Golungo. — Leaves coriaceous, very shining, ovate-
elliptical or occasionally nearly round-ovate ; flowers scarlet. In
thickets from Quicanda to Tanderaxique ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 4364.
A shrub climbing high and widely, nearly leafless at the time of
flowering, the lowest branches furnished with flower- buds and leaves
almost all destroyed by insects, the branches in the middle of the
climbing stem in full flower, while of the lateral branchlets some already
bear fruits and others have foliage only, all on the same individual
plant at the same time ; leaves varying in consistency to an extra-
ordinary degree ; flowers l)right-scarlet : stamens 8 ; fruits remarkable
for their silvery-golden lustre. On bushy slopes of the Montes de
Mongolo ; fl. and unripe fr. Sept. 1854. No. 4358.

The folloAving No. is perhaps a form of this species : —

GoLUNCto Alto. — A very glossy-green, prickly shrub, extensively
climbing by tall thickets ; without fl. or fr. Nov. 1855.— Zknza do
GoEL'N(;o. — Flowers scarlet ; Bango road, May 1856. No. 4368.

10. C. virgatum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 425.

PuNGO Andongo. — A virgate-sarmentose shrub, 5 to 7 feet high,
clothed on most parts with whitish silky-shaggy hairs ; stems numerous,
erect-spreading, sparingly branched ; leaves silky-tomentose, even the
adult ones veivety-tomentose beneath, but the tomentum cottony or
more cottony than on the young leaves which are densely tomentose
and remarkable for a coppery-tawny gloss ; flowers often on leafless
branches, brilliant vermilion, the most brilliant of all species seen
by Welwitsch in tropical Africa, very densely clustered, tetramerous ;
calyx-limb campanulate, teeth deltoid abruptly acuminate bearded
a,t the apex with bundles of rather rigid hairs erect ; petals scarlet,
broad, suborbicular, very obtuse, scarcely clawed, but little or scarcely
longer than the calyx-teeth ; stamens 8, tolerably robust, moderately
«xserted, scarlet ; style straight, shorter than the stamens ; bracteoles
narrow, acute, equalling or a little longer than the ovary, caducous.
In thickets at the banks of the river Cuanza, sporadic ; fl. April 1857.
No. 4357.

IL C. virgultosum Welw. ms. in Herb.

A shrub, 5 to 8 feet high ; stems numerous, long, virgate-
sarmento.se, erect, subterete, softly whitish-silky (turning reddish-
brown in drying) when young, obsoletely so afterwards ; leaves

346 Lii. COMBRETACE^, [Combretum

opposite or sub-opposite, often ternate, upper ones sometimes
alternate, elliptical, narrowly acuminate at the apex, but little
attenuated at the base, unequal especially the lower ones at the
base, rigidly and thinly coriaceous, deep-green above, paler
beneath, 2| to 5 in. long by | to 2 in. broad, those of the barren
branches softly whitish-silky (turning reddish-brown in drying),
those of the flowering branches more or less smooth and glabrescent ;
petiole rather longer than usual in the genus, ranging up to 1 in.
or more ; flowers tetramerous, sessUe or subsessile, crowded in
dense clusters arranged in axillai-y and terminal spikes forming
oblong or pyramidal more or less leafy panicles, scarlet or
blood-red, brilliant ; bracteoles minute, narrow, shorter than
the ovary, quickly caducous; calyx i to i in. long; calyx-limb
elongate-campanulate, silky-pubescent oiitside, pubescent inside ;
teeth from a deltoid base acute and bearded at the apex ; petals
very broadly ovate or suborbicular, always but very little attenuated
or apiculate at the apex, shortly exceeding the calyx-teeth, over-
lapping on the margins, glabrous or nearly so; stamens 8,
moderately exserted, scarlet like the petals ; style rather firm,
erect, shorter than the filaments.

PuNGO AxDONGO. On a red-clay soil in the thickets of Cabanga,
sparingly ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4301- In bushy places on rich ferru-
ginous clay at the borders of primitive forests near Quibanga, rather
rare ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 1857. No. 4365.

This species is nearly related to C. virgatum Welw., from which it
differs by the oblong calyx, smaller bi'acteoles, less permanent tomentum
on the foliage, etc.

12. C. elseagnoides Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. p. 73
(1862) ; Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 426.

MossAMEDES. — A bush or small tree 8 to 12 rarely 15 feet high,
with the habit and clothing of an Eheagmis : stem much branched
from the base ; branches divaricate, spinescent when old ; wood
excellent, very hard, durable, tenacious : branchlets compressed, many
abortive and passing into elongated straight spines, the younger ones
as well as the lower face of the leaves and young parts clothed with
discoid ferruginous or at first silvery scales after the fashion of Elmagnus.
In shrubby sandy places on the right bank of the estuary of the river
Bero (Garganta do Rio Bero) at Boca do Rio, 9 or 10 geographical miles
from the ocean, amongst tall bushes, sporadic ; leafy branches without
either fl. or fr., July and 10 August 1859. Nos. 4283, 4387.

In the absence of flower and fruit it is impossible absolutely to
confirm this determination.

13. C. truncatum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 427 ; non Engler, quod C. Oliverianum Engl.

Bengdella. — A tree of moderate size, with a spreading broad leafy
head ; leaves rounded, obtuse, scaly on both faces ; fruit proportion-
ately rather small, scaly all over, truncate at the base ; seed hexagonal,
angles obtuse but fairly prominent. In wooded sandy maritime
situations between the city of Benguella and the river Catumbella :
fr. June 1859. No. 4372.

Combretttm] lii. co.mbretace.e. 347

14. C. lepidotum A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 2G8 (1847); Laws,
in Oliv. FI. Tiop. Afr. ii. p. 427 ; Flcalho, PI. Uteis, p. 183
(1884) ; non Piesl (('. squamosum Eoxb.).

C Richardiauum Van Heurch & MUll. Arg. in Van Heurch,
Observ. Bot. fasc. ii. p. 234 (10 Sept. 1871).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A much-branched shrub, 5 to G feet high, some-
times almost cHmbing ; leaves not pellucid-punctate ; flowers yellow-
whitish. Not common, by thickets near the banks of the rivulet
Quiposa (or Quiapose),!not far from Canguerasange ; fl. and old fr.
beginning of Nov. 1854. No. 4318. A small tree ; at the banks of
the river Cuango, along the base of Serra de Alto Queta, fl. April 185G.
No. 4318&. A tree 25 to 30 feet high ; trunk straight, 1 8 inches in
diameter at the base ; crown widely spreading ; branches patent. On
the drier slopes of Sobato de Mussengue, near Menha-lula ; fr. May
1855. A form with narrower leaves. No. 4315. A tree usually of
moderate size, 25 to 30 feet high, somewhat resembling in foliage and
flowers a tall Salix caprea L., occasionally a handsome lofty ti-ee of 50
to 80 feet and then after G. d/pterum Wclw. the largest of the family in
Angola, flowering without leaves at the beginning of spring, glistening
like mother-of-pearl ; leaves coriaceous : flowers wliitish-yellowish.
On slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, in forests less
densely wooded and along streams near Sange, Menha-lula, etc. ; fl.
beginning of Sept. 1855 ; fr. end of June and July 1855-5G : sporadic.
Native name in Bango " Mucage " ; it is also called the tree of the
worms, on account of its being often lined with grubs of a large and
beautiful Buprexiis. No. 4312.

Zenza do Goluxgo.— a tree, 12 to 15 feet high, rarely higher,
almost resembling in habit Amygddhoi Piirxica 'Lt. or when in flower a
species of SaV/r : leaves deciduous at the time of flowering, coriaceous
when adult ; flowers yellowish, Near Montes de Mongolo (whence
Bengo negroes brought fruiting specimens, and where it forms small
thickets) and vicinity towards the river Chixe, in company with
Celastrinea3 forming small bright woods ; fl. Sept. 1857. No. 4317.
Montes de Mongolo ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 4281 (as to fl. specimen).

Ambaca. — A tall tree, 50 to 80 feet high ; leaves deciduous. In
hilly situations along the banks of the river Cariuga, at an elevation of
3000 feet, sporadic and" solitary where the primitive forest had been
destroyed ; ripe fr. June 1855. No. 4316. River Caringa. No. 4281
(as to fr. specimen).

Bumbo. — A handsome tree ; trunk sometimes 18 to 30 inches in
diameter ; timber highly valued by the Portuguese colonists, who call
it Carvalho (oak). In the more open forests along the base of Serra
da Xella, not uncommon ; branches without fl. Oct. 1859. Native
name " Munhangue " or " Munhandge." No. 4313.

HuiLLA. — A handsome tree, 20 to 30 feet high, with spreading
umbrageous usually broadly-ovoid head : flowers yellowish or in bud
purple. In the forest near Mumpulla, where under its shade Welwitsch
pitched his tent, and again about Humpata as far as Nene, frequent ;
fl. and few fr. Oct. 1859. Nos. 4314, 4388.

Var. melanostictum (Welw.).

A small tree of 10 to 15 feet (probably a young one); trunk
straight, 9 inches in circumference ; head spreading widely ; the
older branchlets densely scattered with small black points ; leaves,
even the adult ones, ferruginous-shaggy and densely lepidote

348 Lii. COMBRETACE^. [C omhretum

beneath with whitish scales, beset above with whitish conical
papillse ; fruit yellow-dusky.

HuiLLA.— In the more open forests, consisting for the most part of
Parinuri and of various genera of Caasalpinece, between Catumba and
Hay ; at Monino, fl. Oct. 1859 ; fr. April 1860. No. 4376.

Welwitsch noticed in several fruits that when very ripe and dry they
spht, not only at the apex but down nearly to the base, into four
valves, and then the seeds fall out freely.

15. C. angolense Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 428.
GoLUNGO Alto. — Flowers hermaphrodite, whitish, turning into a

pale-sulphur colour ; calyx-limb funnel-shaped, 4-toothed ; petals 4,
broadly ovate-rotvindate or almost orbicular, wedge-shaped at the base,
glandular-ciliate or delicately fimbriate-dentate on the margin, white ;
stamens 8 or exceptionally 7 or G, exserted ; anthers reddish ; fruits
always very densely crowded in little heads, mostly greenish-red or
quite red, rather viscid, very shortly stipitate, emarginate at the apex,
apiculate in the obtuse emargination, broadly 4-winged (in one instance
7- winged). By thickets along palm-groves, Arimo do Mariano, sporadic,
end of May 1855 ; in thickets by the river Cuango near Sange,
beginning of June 1855 ; Bango road and at Cacarambola May 1856 ;
Sange fl. 7 Sept. 1856. No. 4320. A subscandent shrub, 3 to 5 feet
high, with whitish flowers. At the skirts of the drier thickets in Sobato
de Mussengue, fl. end of May 1855 ; in the forests of the same, in late
fr. Feb. 1855. No. 4321. A climbing shrub ; in thickets near Bango,
fl. bud, July 1855. No. 4322.

Cazengo.— A very widely climbing shrub ; flowering branchlets
ascending and then pendulous ; flowers whitish. In the primitive
forests between Dalatando and Cambondo ; fl. and fr. June 1855.
No. 4323. A climbing or sarmentose shrub as tall as a man ; stem
3 to 4 feet high ; the whole plant hoary and clothed with an ashy-
velvety tomentum ; stamens 8 ; fruit 4-winged. In secondary thickets
at the base of the mountains of Muxaulo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. June
1855. No. 4319.

No. 4335, without locahty, in fl. and fr., appears to belong to this
species.

16. C. laxiflorum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 428.

PuNGO Andongo. — A handsome tree of moderate size, 25 to 35 feet
high ; head ovoid, widely spreading ; branches and branchlets spread-
ing ; wood whitish, very hard, almost as in Gusuzo (C. dipterurn
Welw.) ; leaves pellucid-punctate, densely lepidote beneath, as also the
calyx with conspicuous branny scales ; flowers yellowish or straw-
coloured, whitish in bud ; stamens 8 ; ovary 2-ovuled ; style central,
cylindrical, equally thick from the base to the apex ; disk 4-lobed ; lobes
obtusely emarginate at the apex. In forests on a rich ferruginous clay
near Quibanga, sporadic, fl. Jan. 1857 ; Pedras de Guinga, April 1857 ;
in thickets and small woods by the river Luxillo near the bridge, in
scarcely open fl. Jaij. 1857, fr. end of April 1857. No. 4384.

17. C. rubiginosum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.428.
PuNGO AxDoNGO. — A ti'ee, 20 to 25 ft. high; branches erect-patent;

leaves very glossy, lepidote beneath ; fruit ruddy, densely clothed
with red scales. In forests about Pedras de Guinga, up to an elevation
of 4000 ft ; fr. Jan. 1857. No. 4369.

Combretuin] Lir. combretace^. 34D

18. C. anisopterum Welw. ex Law.s. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr ii
p. 429.

HuiLLA. — A small bushy tree, (> to !) ft. high, with a densely intricate
head ; ultimate branchlets more or less sarraentose, subscandent ;
flowers tetramerous, racemose-capitate, yellowish, but little scented,
those in the lower part of the raceme male (sterile V) with the tube
of the calyx quite filiform, those in the upper part fertile with the
inf^rior portion of the calyx acutely 3- or 4-winged ; calyx-limb of all
the flowers cyathiform, obscurely and shortly 4-toothed or sometimes
almost truncate without teeth ; petals yellow, obovate, very shortly
clawed ; the 4 lower filaments inserted beneath the disc, which is
rather thick and pilose around the base of the style. In the more
elevated densely bushy or wooded rocky parts of Morro de Lopollo ;
fl. Nov. and beginning of Dec. 1859 : fr. Feb. to end of March I860
No. 4374. Cf. Coll. Carp. 657 (part).

19. C. dipterum Welw. ex Law.s. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 429 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 183 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alt(i. — An immense tree; trunk 24 to 30 in. in diam. and
in rare cases reaching 42 in. ; wood very good, whitish, hard, dural)le :
flowers white, pleasantly aromatic. In forests from Sange to the
banks of the river Luinha, not uncommon ; fl. March 1855. Native
name " Goziiso." No. 4380. A tall tree with a Myrtaceous habit,
densely leafy, but in the flowering state almost entirely leafless and
in the fruiting state resembling an elm ; wood especially hard and
durable ; flowers white, agreeably fragrant. At the banks of the river
Delamboa in Sobato de Bumba, sporadic, fl. March, fr. April 1855 ;
and in forests between Cambondo and Trombeta and the river Luinha,
abundant, fl. March 1855. Native name " Gususso." No. 4381. A
shrub or perhaps in the primitive forests a tree, much branched :
branches and branchlets spreading ; leaves thinly coriaceous ; flowers
white. In secondary thickets amongst the mountains of Serra dt
Queta, sparingly in fl. 19 March 1856. No. 4382.

A small elegant tree ; habit Myrtaceous or Combretaceous. Mountains
of Alto Queta ; fr. only, middle of Dec. 1854. Fruits larger than the
type, I to f in. long, probably the same species. Coll. Carp. 558.

Cazengo. — A tree, 25 to 40 ft. high, apparently evergreen ; wood
hard, highly esteemed. In forests on both sides of the river Luinha ;
fr. 3- and 2-winged in the same head ; in leaf 26 Dec. 1854. Native
name " Gusvisu." No. 4383.

20. C. tinctorum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 430; Ficallio, PI. Uteis, p. 183 (1884) (tinctormm).

C. Kirkii, var., Laws., I.e.

PuNGO Andongo. — A tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, sparingly branched,
with a lax head and almost the habit of C. bjiidotum A. Rich.; root
and occasionally the branches used to dye cloth and other fabrics
black ; leaves (including a petiole of j to W in.) 3 to 5 in. long by 1 .'.
to 2 in. broad, sparingly lepidote ; fruiting peduncles IJt to Ij in. long',
fruit If to 2 in. long, 1 to Ij in. broad, 4- or rarely 5-winged, mode-
rately rounded-eniarginate at both ends, yellow-greenish or greenish
even when ripe or yellowish or turning quite yellow, lepidote, pro-
ducing a yellow dye. In forests about the base of Serra de Pedras de
Guinga, at an elevation of 4000 ft., sporadic ; not quite ripe fr. March
1857. No. 4373. Native name " Lunga-lasoge."

350 Lii. COMBRETACE^. [Conibretimi

The following No., without either flower or fruit, resembles in
foliage this species : —

GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree-like shrub, as tall as a man. Between
Cambondo and Trombeta, Sept. 1857. No. 4386.

21, C. paradoxum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 430.
GoLUXGC) Alto. — A robust shrub, very widely climbing ; fruiting

branchlets nodding or pendulous ; leaves evergreen, the younger ones
herbaceous, the adult ones moderately coriaceous, yellow-green above,
more obscurely green below, peUucid-punctate, the fresh ones turning
yellowish in drying ; flowers tetramerous ; pedicels bearing a small
lepidote-tomentellous deciduous bracteole ; calyx obtusely 4-ribbed on
the inferior part, constricted above the ovary, shaggy inside, quickly
expanding into a shortly campanulate almost quadrangular cup, quasi
4-gibbous downwards, 4-lobed, limb inflected ; petals 4, obovate, from
whitish turning yellowish, a little longer than the calyx-teeth ; stamens
usually 8, 4 of which are higher than the others, occasionally only 4
and then opposite the petals ; anthers pale yellow ; disk rather thick,
ample, orbicular, nearly glabrous or thinly pubescent, covering the
inner face of the calyx-tube : style short, elongate-conical, rather thick :
stigma rather small; ovary 1-celled, 2- rarely 3- or very rarely 4-ovuled;
ovules pendulous ; funicles (if more than two ovules) unequal ; fruit
velvety. In primitive forests at the cataracts, near Fonte Capopa
behind Sange, sporadic ; fl. and fr. July and August 1855 and 185G.
No. 4385. A small tree ; branches scandent . leaves various in shape ;
flowers racemose-paniculate ; panicles "nodding ; calyx depresso-quad-
rangular; stamens 4. At Capopa; fr. July to Sept. Coll. Carp. 554.
An arborescent shrub, subscandent, with long sarmentose branches :
calyx quadrate, saccate ; stamens 4. In the Capopa forests ; fl. and fr.
August 1855. Coll. Carp. 555.

22. C. holosericeum Sond. in Linnsea xxiii. p. 44 (1850) ; Laws,
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 430 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 183 (1884).

C. psidioides Welw. in Ann. Conselho Ultramai-. Lisb., May
1856, p. 249, n. 108.

LoANDA. — In coast situations a fairly elegant tree-like shrub with a
spreading head and the habit quite like a species of Psidhim, 5 to 8 ft.
high, or in the interior a copiously leafy tree of 15 to 25 ft.; branches
numerous, spreading ; branchlets and foliage clothed with a very soft
white-silky indumentum ; leaves obtuse, coriaceous, rigid ; fruit bril-
liantly or luridly blood-red and lepidote-punctate, 4-winged, racemose.
It affords excellent firewood, and is called by the negroes " Mube." In
rocky bushy places near Quicuxe and between it and MutoUo, rather
rare, fr. May and July 1854 ; in sandy and stony thickets in the same
vicinity, fr. 23 July 1857 ; at Bemposta, fr. 18 May 1859. No. 4378.
Coll. Carp. 549. A small tree of 7 to 9 ft., with the habit of
Psid'tum : trunk terminating with a broad head, unbranched below ;
leaves large, obovate-elliptical, tomentose, in thickets in the south-east
part of the district, near Quicuxe ; fr. July 1854. Coll. Carp. 5.")0.

This small tree constitutes, together with some Acacias and Bur-
seracese, the principal parts of the thin sandy forests in the interior of
the districts of Loanda and Calumba, and furnishes the chief part
of the firewood used in Loanda ; the wood is also used for the building
of the huts, etc.

PuMGO Andongo. — A beautiful tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with a broad
spreading head ; branchlets purple ; leaves large, coriaceous, rigid.

(lomhretum] ui. comi?retace.i=:. 351

obcordate, mucronate, beneath white-punctate especially along the
veins, and with raised reticulation ; fruit brilliantly blood-red or
purplish, obtuse at the base, emarginate at the apex, scattered on the
body and wings with atro-j)urpurcous dots. In sandy wooded places
along the banks of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; fr. Feb. 1857.
Nos. 4377, and (without notes or locality) 4288.

Httlla. — A tree of 10 to 15 ft., very rarely reaching 20 ft., with
the habit of a Psidi/an ; trunk bare at the base ; head widely spread-
ing, with a grey hue ; flowers turning yellow, atro-purpureous in bud ;
filaments blood-red. In open sandy forests near Lopollo, in company
with species of Profea and Acar'ni, abundant ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; without
fl. Dec. 1859 ; fr. Feb. and April 18(50. No. 4379.

23. C. polystictum Welw. ms. in Herb.

Cf. Comhretum (sp. n.), Welw. in Ann. Conselho Ultramar. Lisb.,
May 1856, p. 250, n. 113.

A closely branched erect or scandent shrub or a small tree ;
branches terete, glabrate or nearly so ; branchlets slender, puber-
ulous with short sub-fulvous hairs; leaves opposite, elliptic-
oblong, more or less acuminate at the apex, usually rounded
or subcordate at the base, thinly coriaceous or almost papery,
puberulous along the nerves or glabrate, 2 to 4 in. long by | to
1| in. broad, dark-green above, paler and closely scattered with
small pallid scales beneath ; petiole puberulous, ^ to :f in. long,
rather slender ; inflorescence cymose, axillary, lateral and terminal,
sometimes forming terminal panicles 6 to 9 in. long ; ultimate
pedicels short in flower, scaly ; calyx-limb campanulate, g in.
long, scaly outside, hairy inside especially over the lower part,
shortly 4-cleft ; lobes deltoid ; petals 4, broadly obovate or sub-
orbicular, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes ; stamens 8,
exceeding the calyx-limb by about its length ; fruit 4-winged, f to
g in. long, I to 1 in. broad, more or less densely scattered with
small scales.

LoANDA. — A small shrub, semetimes 2 to 3 ft. high, sometimes 5 to
6 ft. In thickets about the city of Loanda and Cacuaco : fl. April to
June 1854. No. 4324. A shrub of 3 to 5 ft., the upgrowth from a
cut-down tree of 15 ft., usually very much branched in a casspitose
manner from the base ; leaves thinly coriaceous, rather rigid, dark-
green above, paler beneath, somewhat wavy on the margin ; flowers
tetramerous, small ; petals very polymor})hous, whitish-yellowish. In
dry hilly rocky thickets near Imlwndeiro dos Lobos and close to
Loanda, sporadic ; fl. end of April 1S54 ; fr. June 1858 and July 1854.
No. 4325- A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, occasionally subsarmentose, erect,
much branched. On bushy slopes near Penedo ; fr. Julvl854. Coll.
Carp. 553.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the thickets of the lower Queta and in Mata
do Mariano, fl. Oct. 1855 ; Capopa, fr. Aug. 1856. No. 4279. A tree
12 to 20 ft. higli, with the habit of Aiii//f/(l<iht.'< P, r><ira L., not yet
climbing ; branches spreading, virgate ; branchlets somewhat nodding ;
leaves caducous at the time of flowering, coriaceous, glandular-punctate.
Avavy ; flowers tetramerous, densely lepidote-scaly in bud ; petals
spathulate, pale yellow, quickly very pale ; stamens 8 : fruit rigid,
4-winged, wings coarsely crenate or suljcrenate, wavy. In bushy places
at the borders of forests at the base of the mountains of lower Queta,

352 Lii. COMBRETACE^. \Combretum

rather rare ; foliage with flower-bud July 1855 ; without leaves with
flower-bud Sept. 1855 ; fl. beginning of Oct. 1855 ; fl. 8 Sept. 1856;
Oapopa, fr. August 1856. No. 4328. A shrub of 3 to 4 ft., perhaps
later forming a tree, very much branched from the base ; leaves dark-
green above, much paler beneath, attracting attention from a long
distance ; cotyledons corrugated, not convolute. On mountainous
declivities covered with species of Ai/dropoqnu among the mountains of
Alto Queta ; fr. end of May 1S55. No. 4331. Scandent ; trunk thick,
twining ; wood hard as iron ; leaves jjunctate between the very delicate
veinlets ; N-delle, fr. May 1856. No. 4326. An erect, much branched
little shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves paler beneath. On grassy slopes
amongst the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, in company with Molungo
{Erytftrhui^ suherifeni Welw.) and Cateta bulla (Thinea atitiscorbutica
Welw.) ; fr. May 1855. Coll. Carp. 551.

Zenza do GoLUxao. — A shrub, 6 ft. high. On the drier hills
between Calumguembo and Montes de Mongolo ; fr. Sept. 1854.
No. 4327.

Ambaca. — A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, very rarely a small tree, always
very much branched ; leaves deciduous at the time of flowering ;
flowers white. In level thickets between N-gombe and Puri-Cacar-
ambola ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 4332.

Var. undulatum.

All the leaves closely wavy on the margin.

LoANDA. — A little shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, climbing amongst low
bushes ; branches slender and very numerous. On the slopes of Alto
das Cruzes ; without fl. June 1854. No. 4329.

The following two Nos. difier by their leaves having a greatly
prolonged acumen at the apex in a similar way to that which
characterises C. HartTnannianuvi Schweinf. Fl. ^thiop. (i.) p. 24
t. 3a (1867) ; Laws., I.e., p. 431 :—

GoLUXGO Alto. — A robust arborescent shrub ; trunk 2 to 3 in. in
diameter at the base, but twining ; branches elongated, flexuous,
climbing high and widely amongst bushes ; leaves thinly coriaceous,
shining above, canescent beneath, strongly wavy on the margin,
caducous at the time of flowering ; flowers, so far as can be judged
from their withered remains, whitish. At the borders of primitive
forests between N-delle and Cambondo, young f r. Jan., ripe f r, March
1856 ; in primitive forests near N-delle, young f r. Feb., ripe fr. April
1856. No. 4330. Scandent ; trunk 3 in. in diameter ; wood hard
as iron. At the borders of forests near N-delle and between it and
Cambondo ; young fr. Jan. and Feb. 1856. No. 4280.

24. C. Zeyheri Sond. in Linnsea xxiii. p. 46 (1850) ; and in
Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 511 (1862); Harv. Thes. Cap. i.
p. 48 t. 75 (1860).

HuiLLA. — A small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with golden-yellow fruit.
In little woods near the Monino, in company with Proteace^ ; fr. May
1860. No. 4371.

25. C. argyrotriehum Welw. ex Laws, in Oliv., I.e., ii. p. 432.

HuiLLA. — An erect undershrub, 1 to 2J ft. high, almost in every
part softly pubescent or white-silky, remarkably resembling in habit
some Rubiacefe ; rhizome thick, woody, giving ofE numerous stems ;
flowering plant conspicuously shining white with silky pilose hairs,

Combretam] lii. coMBRETACE.f:. 353

which at length in drying turn dusky ; flowers tetramerous, yellowish ;
style thickened in a clavate manner towards the apex ; fruit 4- (3- to
5-) winged, always ruddy or purple. In somewhat rocky thickets at
the borders of primitive forests near Mumpulla, sporadic ; fl. Oct. 1859;
towards Lopollo, fr. March and April 1860. No. 4375.

26. C. platypetalum Welw. ex Laws, in Fl Trop. Afr. ii. p. 433.

C. Oatesii Rolfe in Gates, Matabele Land, ed. 2 p. 399, t. 10
(1889).

HuiLLA. — A little shrub, G to 18 in. high, branched from the base ;
primary stem abbreviated ; lateral branches decumbent or oblique,
leafy ; the younger branches silky with whitish hairs ; indumentum of
the whole plant whitish-silky in the living state, not tawny nor dusky
as afterwards in the herbarium ; leaves mostly alternate, coriaceous,
oblong-elliptical or obovate-elliptical, broadly subcordate at the base ;
bracts small, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the ovary ; calyx elongate-
campanulate, adpressedly pilose below, shortly 4 -toothed, teeth from a
broad base, abruptly subulate, cinnabar-red ; petals obovate, sub-
orbicular, sessile, with a broad base, concave, very obtuse or truncate or
subemarginate at the apex, very broad for the genus, margins laterally
overlapping, many times broader and longer than the calyx-teeth,
cinnabar-red (brightly so even after two years in the herbarium) ;
stamens 8, cinnabar-red ; filaments glabrous, rather thicker than usual
in the genus ; style straight, cylindrical, glabrous, shorter than the
stamens ; stigma terminal, sub-truncate ; ovary very shortly stalked,
narrowly ellipsoidal, densely pubescent ; fruit 4- winged, l^v in. long
by liV in. broad, smooth, scarlet. On shortly-bushy pastures between
Mumpulla and Humpata ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4356.

5. CAMPYLOCHITON Welw. ms. in Herb., gen. nov.
Calyx adnate to the ovary and 5-ribbed or 5-furrowed at the
base, limb tubular, sub-cylindrical, moderately curved, produced
far above the ovary, shortly 5-cleft at the apex, more or less
shaggy within, deciduous. Petals 5, oval or ovate-lanceolate,
pointed at the apex, shortly clawed at the apex, nearly equal
among themselves, veiny, rather exceeding the calyx-lobes and
alternating with them, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube.
Stamens 10, exserted, inserted on the calyx-tube near its middle or
in two rows, the 5 longer filaments adnately decurrent lower down
the calyx-tube than the rest ; filaments all filiform, subulate at
the apex, following the curvature of the calyx-tube, indexed
in the bud ; anthers cordate -ovate, dorsifixed, introrse, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally. Disk fleshy, cup-shaped, investing and
adnate to the lower part of the calyx-limb, with a 5-crenate free
apex ; the lobes obtuse, like folds or glands fasciculately bearded
at the apex and forming a ring below the middle of the calyx-
tube. Ovary campanulate, 1 -celled ; style filiform, nearly as
long as the stamens, somewhat curved, exserted ; stigma sub-
truncate or obscurely 5-lobed ; ovules about 4, pendulous from
the apex of the ovary-cell. Fruit with a central elongated-
ellipsoidal membranous-fibrous subspongy body and 5 or rarely
only 4 broad membranous or papery rigid semicircular coloured
wings ; seed solitar}', elongated ; embryo straight ; cotyledons

354 Lii. coMBRETACE^. [CampijlocMton

rather thick, fleshy, convex-plane or sub^semicylindrical, narrowly
oblong, obtuse, with a few longitudinal furrows on the convex
back, smooth on the flat inner face : radicle very short, straight,
obtusely conical; plumule inconspicuous. Erect or scandent
robust shrubs, with opposite or rarely altei-nate leaves, large
spicate-racemose bracteate flowers, and rather large winged fruits.
Cacoucia Benth. & Hook f. Gen. PI. i. p. 688, pro imrte ; Laws,
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 433, pro parte, ; non Aubl., nee Walp.

1. C. platyptenis Hiern.

Cacoucia jilatyptera Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 24 (1869) j Hemsley
in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2549 (June 1897). C. villosa Laws, in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 433, quoad specimen Welwitschianum. C.
2)aiiiculata Laws., I.e., p. 434, quoad specimen Mannianum.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An arborescent shrub, sometimes standing erect
(as for instance at Ponte de Felix Simoes), in other cases climbing to
a great height to the tops of forest trees ; stems cylindrical, glabrous ;
leaves opposite or occasionally sub-alternate, glossy, obscurely green,
evergreen ; peduncles rachis bracts and flowers silky-tomentellous, in
the living state whitish -tomentellous ; flowers rather fleshy ; bracts at
length deciduous ; calyx-tube rosy-scarlet, f to 1 in.long ; glands at the
insertion of the filaments yellow, silky-bearded at the apex ; anthers
yellow ; style 1 to IJ in. long ; ovules 4, pendulous to a considerable
distance from the apex of the cell of the ovary ; fruit brilliantly
coloured deep rosy-scarlet throughout, Ij to 1^ in. long and broad ;
wings papery, rather rigid. In the tall thickets at the borders of
primitive forests among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, near
Sange ; also at Capopa, etc ; fl. April and May 1855 and 1856 ; fr.
August and Sept. 1856 and 1857. No. 1752 and Coll. Carp. 556.
Sobato Mussengue ; fl. end of May 1856. A form with alternate
leaves. No. 17526.

The most beautiful member of the family in Angola.

6. CAMPYLOGYNE Welw. ex Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 2550
(June 1897).

1. C. exannulata Hemsl., I.e.

Cacoucia exannulata 0. Hoffm. in Linnsea xliii. p. 132 (1881).

C. bracteata Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 434, quoad
specimen Welwitschianum.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A climbing shrub, spiny at the base or with the
petioles at length hooked-spinescent ; calyx tubular, curved, superior,
6-furrowed, obtusely 5-ribbed ; tube naked inside, without a ring of
hairs or glands, herbaceous and green on the lower fifth, the rest more
tender and sub-coroUine, whitish or of a soiled-rose colour or reddish
after flowering ; petals 5, ovate or oval, rather obtuse, sessile or very
shortly unguiculate, more or less silky- pubescent on both faces, whitish or
at length pale-reddish ; stamens 10, the 5 longer ones scarcely exceeding
the petals ; anthers almost orbicular, didymous, red, dorsifixed in the
middle, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary obtusely pentagonal,
1-celled, bi-ovulate ; ovules pendulous from the apex of the ovary ;
style scarcely exserted, adhering below (for the lower fifth) to the
calyx-tube and then doubly bent in a sigmoid manner, much thickened
at the double bend, filiform above, from the middle towards the apex

Campiilogyne\ lii. combretace.e. 355

thickened to the thicker obliquely truncate capitate or depressed-
disciform stigma ; seed elongate-oblong, pentagonal ; testa mem-
branous or rather fleshy ; cotyledons obovate-elliptical, broadly
plicate, one of them being received in the folds of the other. In
forests, Barranco de Pereira ; H. and fr. May 1855. No. 4319.

CvzKNao. — Rather frequent in Mata de Cabondo, June 1855. (No
specimen.)

PuNGO Andongo. — A sarmentose shrub with whitish to slightly
reddish flowers. In thickets within the lines of fortifications ; fl.
May 1857. No. 4350.

7. aUISaUALIS Rumpf, L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 689.
1. Q,. falcata Welw. ms. in Herb.

A shrub 3 to 5 ft. high, erect or occasionally scandent ;
branchlets petioles rachis of the inflorescence and calyces softly
fcawny-pubescent ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate
at the apex, rounded or coi-date at the base, flat, membranous-
papery, entire, 2| to 4| in. long hj \\ to 2 in. broad, glabrous
or nearly so except the puberulous margin and narrow veins
beneath, dark green above, paler and whitish-green beneath ;
lateral veins about 5 on each side of the midrib ; petiole i to \ in.
long, jointed about the middle ; racemes axillary and terminal,
many-flowered, including a peduncle of g to 1^ in., ranging to
3 in, ; bracts narrowly lanceolate, more or less pubescent and
petiolate, soon falcate-recurved, persisting some time after the fall
of the flowei-s, j to | in. long, usually of a sulphur-greenish
colour ; pedicels J^^ to i in. long, tawny-pubescent ; flowers about
^ to 1 in. long, erect or erect-patent ; calyx-tube very narrowly
obconical, clothed with short white pilose haii-s ; calyx-teeth
linear-subulate from an ovate base, equalling the petals,
promptly recurved ; petals oval, jV in. long ; fruit drupaceous,
1 in. long, of a whitish-rose colour, at length fuscous and
broadly-winged, making the fruit | in, diam.

GoLTTNGO Alto. — In secondary thickets between Sange and Bango ;
fl. June, sparingly in fr. Aug. 1855. No. 4348.

Nearly related to the Natal plant Q,. parrifiora Gerr., differing from
it by the falcate-recurved bracts and the long subulate recurved tips
of the calyx-teeth.

8. ILLIGERA Blume ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI, i. p, 689.
1. I. pentaphylla Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 26 (1869).
GoLUXciO Alto. — A shrub, climbing to a great height, and then

giving off branches 15 to 20 ft. long or more, pendulous vertically from
the upper parts of trees ; stems green or black-purplish or reddish,
somewhat angular ; leaves 5- to .3-foliolate ; petiole bulbous-tumid at
the base, reflexed, often twisted like a tendril, leaflets rigidly juicy-
coriaceous, glossy on the upper face, pale and scattered on the lower
face with black dots or glands ; nerves very prominent, reddish when
young ; veinlets between the nerves horizontal, blackish ; flowers
greenish-yellowish ; calyx-tube obtusely 4- or 5-angular ; limb 5-clef t,
green, spreading in a stellate manner; petals 5, linear-lanceolate, yellow-
greenish, acuminate, inserted on the throat of the calyx, alternate

356 Lii. COMBRETACE^. [Illigem

with its lobes and scarcely exceeding them ; stamens 5, inserted with
and alternate to the petals ; filaments cylindrical, rather thick, free at
the base, with 2 shorter whitish fleshy sub-spathulate rather turgid
staminodes between them ; anthers large, 2-celled, inserted on both
sides of the dilatedly capitate connectives, lateral, dehiscing with
ellipsoidal yellow ear-shaped bent-back valves ; cells opposite, bursting
in an elastic manner by means of a membrane ; pollen large, golden-
tawny, globose ; ovary inferior, 1 -celled. 1-ovuled ; style central, a
little longer than the stamens, funnel-shaped ; stigma thickened with
a flexuous edge ; fruit samaroid. Abundant but sporadic, at the
borders of primitive forests among the mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta and of Quilombo ; in fl. bud beginning of Dec. 1855, fl. Jan.
and Feb. 1856, in young fr. beginning of Oct. 1855, fr. March 1856, and
fully ripe fr. Sept. 1856. No. 1753. Coll. Carp. 552 and 973.

By some misunderstanding these specimens were placed in the Flora
of Tropical Africa, ii. p. 436, under Gyrocarpm^ Jacquini Koxb.

LIIL MYRTACEtE.

Africa i.s but little favoured with the natural occuiTence of
Myrtacese : Welwitsch reckoned that only from 1 to 1 1 per cent.
of the whole number of species in the world had been found
native in that continent. This is the more surprising, since
several species grow with exuberance and produce excellent fruit,
while the soil and climate of tropical Africa have proved to
be very favourable to all the introduced species. In Angola the
indigenous species are by no means numerous, but it is probable
that they will be found more abundant in the countries lying to
the east. Most of the species are small trees belonging to the
genus Eugenia ; many occur in the form of low shrubs in places
cleared by the cutting down of forest trees for the pui-pose of
cultivation and afterwards abandoned. It is worthy of mention
that the vast quantity of the Guava trees which are met with
constitute occasionally dense forests, as, for instance, on many
islands situate in the river Quanza, and principally on those of
Quitage, Bumba, and Calemba ; their fruits are equal in colour
and fragrance to the guavas actually cultivated, but they are
much larger and better flavoured. It will require a careful investi-
gation to be made in the more remote interior of the continent in
order to solve the problem whether these trees, which are reported
to be really natives of America, are, however, indigenous in
Africa, or are only the results of previous cultivation, and
consequently are due to introduction in ancient times.

Nearly the same doubt respecting its true origin presents itself
in relation to an arborescent species, not apparently distinct from
Eugenia Jambos L., which is met with at the banks of bi'ooks,
constituting extensive thickets in and about forest ravines in Alto
Queta, a high mountainous range of Golungo Alto, and which
grows in great quantity in neglected stations remote from dwell-
ings, and appears to be really indigenous in that region. The
typical form of the species, which is the Jainhoeiro of the Portu-
guese colonists, is not very common, and Welwitsch was unable

LUI. MYRTACE.'E. 357

to taste its relishing fruit, since the Jambos cultivated in Golungo
Alto is not very perfect, although not deficient in the rose-scent
which characterises the original fruit from India. The Guiaveira
{Psidium Guajava L.) and the Aracareiro {P. guineensis Swartz)
are commonly cultivated nearly throughout the province, and they
also luxuriate as if wild ; the guava seldom attains in Angola, and
then only under favourable conditions, a greater height than
25 ft., with a trunk of 6 in. in diameter, giving off at the height
of 5 or 6 ft. strong lateral branches.

In Qaitage and near Bumba, on his return from Quisonde to
Pungo Andongo, in March 1857, Welwitsch purchased several
baskets of excellent guava fruits, each basket containing 60 fine
fruits, for a vintem — that is, 20 reis, about a penny. The wood
of the guava tree is of a whitish-grey colour, somewhat verging
on brown, fibrous, extremely hard and dry, and exceptionally
durable ; the negroes use it for frames of various kinds of musical
instruments, for carving idols, and for spoons and other such
utensils : this tree is the " Djamboe-Biedji " of the natives in the
Dutch Indian archipelago.

The Pitangueira {Eugenia uniflora L.) produces excellent fruits,
which are like cherries.

In the Apontamentos, p. 570, Welwitsch speaks of a species
of Syzygium [Eugenia), which is a magnificent tree of 100 ft. in
height and more, with a majestic evergreen head, and which
adorns the banks of rivulets in Golungo Alto and Cazengo ; this
is perhaps Eugenia guineensis. In his ms. notes he also speaks
of a beautiful evergreen tree, 15 to 25 ft. high in Huilla and 80
to 100 ft. in Bumbo, which is the Louro (laurel) or Loureiro of
colonists in Huilla, and the native name is "Nohombo"; it is
stately and very elegant, having coriaceous shining leaves, and
throwing out, immediately after the first October rains, large
bunches of white or brownish flowers, which from December and
January to March and April are developed into den^e bunches
of olive-like berries, as large as a walnut or a little smaller, of
a dark-purple or greenish-purple or red -blue colour, and slightly
or acid-sweet to the taste and somewhat musky; the natives eat
them with avidity, although when first masticated they are rank-
musky and very disagreeable : they are nearly always on sale in
the shops at Lopollo. The wood Ls brown, dense, and of a fine
grain. It is very abundant in the neighbourhood of Bumbo and
Lopollo, and in the whole of Serra da Xella, especially along
streams. This is perhaps Eugenia henguellensis Welw.

1. PSIDIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 713.

1. P. Guajava L. Sp. PI. edit. 1 p. 470 (1753) ; Welw. Apont.
p. 570 sub n. 170 {P. Guaiava); Ficalho PI. Uteis p. 18-1 (1884)
{P. Guayava).

P.pyriferum L. Sp. PI. edit. 2 p. 672 (1762). /'. pomi/eriim L.,
I.e., p. 672 ; Laws, in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 436 ; Ficalho in
Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisb. ii. p. 709 (1882).

358 LIII, MYRTACE^. [PsidiuVl

Barra do Bengo. — Fruit delicious, 1 to 2 in. in diameter. By
the river Bengo near Santo Antonio, cultivated and there almost wild ;
in late fl. and young fr. Dec. 1853. Called " Guiava " by the Portuguese
colonists. No. 4577-

LoANDA. — At Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 4583.
Fruit obtusely ellipsoidal, sweet-scented, shining with an oily gloss,
yellow outside, flesh-coloured inside. Cultivated near the river Bengo,
March 1858 ; seeds. Coll. Carp. 561.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Mostly a shrub, but sometimes a small tree of 10
to V2 ft. ; fruit eaten with avidity. In dense thickets and by s'treams
about Mongolo, Muria, Trombeta, etc., abundant and ubiquitous.
Near Sange, fl. and fr. Dec. 13th, 1854. No. 4579. Fruit pear-shajjed,
as large as a moderate-sized hen's egg : aroma very agreeable. Culti-
vated in the Arimo of Senhor Mariano ; seeds. Coll. Carp. 562.

PuNGo Andongo.— A tree 20 to 25 ft. high; trunk ^ to 2 ft. in
diameter at the base ; bark chestnut-brown ; fruit delicious, ellipsoidal-
obovoid. On the Calemba islands, Bumba, etc., in large quantities,
forming little woods, spontaneous ; fl. 12 March, 1857. The Guiavas
of the islands of Cacula, Calemba, Bumba, Quitage, etc., were the
largest found by Welwitsch and the best-flavoured that he ever tasted ;
they were about the size of a small orange, but rather oblong, some of
them nearly 3 in. long by 2J thick : these fruits during the months of
March, April, and May form one of the chief foods for the subsistence
of the negroes of those parts. No. 4581. A tree of 20 to 25 ft. ;
head widely spi-eading ; fruit large, oblong, pear-shaped, delicious.
On the islands in the river Cuanza, near Condo, Quitage, etc., very
abundant ; seeds March 1857. Coll. Carp. 563.

It is called " Goiabeira " by the Portuguese colonists.

2. P. guineense Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 881 (1800); Welw.
Apont. p. 589 n. 71 ; Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 436.

P. Araca Ptaddi, Mem. p. 5 t. 1 (1821); Welw. Apont. p. 570
sub n. 170; Monteiro, Angola, ii. p. 297 (1875). P. littorale
Eaddi, I.e., p. 6, t. 1, f. 2; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 184 (1884).

IcoLo E Bengo. — An arborescent shrub ; fruit small, of a size of
that of Pyrus Sorbus L., yellow outside, whitish inside, very well fla-
voured, resembling a strawberry in aroma. Cultivated and wild in
shrubby places by the river Bengo near Loanda ; seeds March 1858.
Coll. Carp. 560.

Barro do Bengo. — At Santo do Bengo, wild but scarcely indigenous;
fl. Dec. 1853. No. 4578.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Fruit almost spherical, golden-yellow when ripe,
with the aroma of a strawberry. In moist thickets, and especially
in reedy places with species of Pennhehim, abundant throughout the
district. Near Canguerasange ; fl. Dec. 1854. Probably introduced in
olden times from an unknown country, but quite wild for ages. Called
by the natives " Ara9a." No. 4580-

PuNGO Andongo. — An arborescent shrub. In Mata de Cabondo ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1856 and Jan. 1857. It is doubtful whether this belongs
here or to the previous species. No. 4582.

2. EUGENIA Micheli, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 718.

1. E. coronata Vahl ex DC. Prodr. iii. p. 271 (1828) ; Schum.
k Thonu. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iv. p. 4 (1829); Laws, in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 437. Eugenice sp., Horn. Anniv., p. 22

(1818).

Eugenia] liii. MYRTACEiE. 359

Var. hirtula (Welw. ms. in Herb.).

A dwarf erect shrub, 1 to 1 ^ ft. high ; the upper pai-t of the
stems and the peduncles somewhat shaggy ; berries rubicund.

PuNco Andongo. — In sandy thickets near Luxillo ; fr. Dec. 1856,
fl. May 1857. No. 4390.

Var. salicifolia (Welw. ms. in Herb,),

A dwarf shrub rarely a foot high, or occasionally attaining
15 in., occurring in masses, of a pleasant green, glabrous; leaves
narrower and more rigid, 1 to 3 in. long, by ^ to ^ in. broad.

HuiLLA. — In moist thickets at the skirts of forests, near Catumba,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 4391. Flowers white. In
sandy-earthy thickets on the right bank of the river of Lopollo,
abundant ; late fl. Nov. 1859, fr. Jan. 18(50. No._ 4392. In similar
stations subject to annual burnings ; fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860.
No. 4393.

2. E. uniflora L. Sp. PI. edit. i. p. 470 (1753) ; Welw. Apont.
p. 570 sub n. 170.

E. Michelii Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 203 (1789) ; Laws, in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 437 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 184 (1884)
{E. Michelii).

IcoLO E Bengo. — A much-branched tree of 15 to 18 ft. ; fruit hke
a cherry, acid-sweet, very agreeable but rarely developed in perfection
in the interior of the coast region. Cultivated at Santo Antonio by
the river Bengo ; fr. Dec. 1853. Portuguese name " Pitangueira."
No. 4576c.

GoLUNGo Alto. — Cultivated rather rarely in arimos (meadows) on
the bank of the river Cuango ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 4576. Also about
Sange. No. 4576i.

Island of St. Thomas.— Cultivated on Monte Caffe at 2000 ft.
elevation ; fr. Dec. 1860. Called " Pitangueira." Coll. Cai:p. 559.

3. E. guineensis.

Calyptrantlies yiohieensis Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 974 (1799).
Syzygiimi yuineense DC. Prodr. iii. p. 259 (1828); Perrott. &
Guillem. Fl. Senegamb. p. 315 t. 72 (1833).

Ambriz.— A handsome tree, about 30 ft. high. In rocky forests
between Ambriz and Quizembo, sporadic ; almost finished fl.Nov. 1853.
No. 4396.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An immense tree, with a trunk more than 3 ft.
in diameter at the base, 35 to 50 high and more ; head ovoid-hemi-
spherical, spreading widely ; branches and branchlets nodding ; leaves
coriaceous, but little shining, deep-green, pellucid-punctate ; calyx-
limb 4-lobed ; lol^es large, broad, arranged in a quadrangular manner ;
petals cohering in the form of a calyptra, open during the flowering,
after the flowering thrown off, but not always so, greenish ; filaments
and anthers whitish ; in very dense primitive forests by the river
Delamboa ; fl. Sept. 1856. One tree very lofty, certainly 100 ft. high,
and trunk nearly 10 ft. in circumference at the base of the stem ; in the
forest of Quisucula. No. 4397.
Var. huillensis.

Leaves rigidly coriaceous ; petioles often shorter than those of
the type, but ranging from ^ to | in. long.

360 Liii. MYRTACEiE. [Eugenia

HuiLLA. — A dwarf shrub, 9 to 12 in. high, very gregarious, quasi-
caespitose ; stem erect or ascending ; flowers white ; fruit edible. On
bushy pastures between MumpuUa and Nene, abundant ; fl. Oct. 1859.
No. 4401- A tree, about 12 ft. high ; fruit, when ripe, as large as a
very fine cherry, from violet-greenish to purplish, at first somewhat
musky, soon turning sweet-sourish. In the forests of Monino ; nearly
ripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 4402- A small tree of 8 to 15 ft., with
rambling branches and white flowers. In moist and also in the drier
forests in the Monino country, in company with species of Protect,
Erythrhia, and Acada, not uncommon ; fl. Nov. 1859, fr. Jan. 1860.
No. 4403.

4. E. cordata Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 438 {cordatum).
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl.

Cap. ii. p. 521 (1862).

PuNGO Andongo. — A shrub of 6 ft. or perhaps the upgrowth from
a mutilated tree. In thickets between Luxillo and Quilanga, sparingly ;
fr. March 1857. No. 4399. A shrub scarcely 2 ft. high with numerous
stems, perhaps the progeny of a burnt or cut-down tree, with pellucid-
punctate leaves (the pellucid dots rare and distant, but obvious) and
monstrous greenish flowers ; in secondary thickets at the banks of the
river Luxillo, near the bridge, Jan. 1857. A shrub of 4 ft., perhaps a
mutilated tree, with whitish-greenish apparently imperfect flowers :
in thickets at the borders of forests near Candumba, March 1857. A
small mutilated tree, Muta Lucala, December 1856. No. 4400.

HuiLLA. — A small tree, more frequently an arborescent shrub, 6 to
10 ft. high ; branches lax ; leaves sessile, auriculate-cordate at the base.
Conspicuously distinct from the other plants of the order in the
Lopollo country. In rocky situations at the base of the mountains in
Morro de Lopollo, abundant ; fr. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 4404.

5. E. benguellensis Welw. ms. in Herb.

A handsome tree, about 30 to 40 ft. high, occasionally only
15 to 20 ft., with a broad leafy head, glabrous; branches sub-
terate ; bark pallid or pale-reddish ; leaves opposite, oval or
oval-oblong, rounded at both ends, sometimes somewhat emargi-
nate at the apex, firmly coriaceous, minutely dotted, 1| to 3| in.
long by 5 to 1:^ in. broad; lateral veins numerous, not strongly
marked, making about 45° with the midrib ; petiole short, ~r to
-L. in. long ; inflorescence cymose, terminal, 1 1 to 2 in. in diameter,
many-flowered; ultimate pedicels short; bracteoles short, decidu.ous;
flowers whitish ; calyx-tube turbinate, J to ^ in. long ; limb 4-lobed,
lobes rounded, spreading or reflexed, persistent ; filaments about
^ in. long ; young fruit ellipsoidal, | inch long.

Bumbo. — In primitive forests alongside streams near Bruco, at an
elevation of 2800 to 3000 ft. ; fl. young, fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4394. By
the Bumbo stream, at the base of the mountains of Serra da Xella, in
company with species of Acacia , Adhia mkrocqjhala, and Sapotacete,
abundant ; fl Oct. 1859. No. 4395.

6. E. urophylla Welw. ms. in Herb.

A glabrous tree, 30 ft. high ; trunk 2 ft. in diameter at the
base ; head rather lax ; leaves elliptical, usually pi-oduced at the
apex into a long narrow acumen, wedgeshaped at the base, firmly

A'ugenia] mil myrtace-i;;, 301

coriaceous, glossy, dotted, blade 2| to 4] in. long by ^ to I'j in.
broad ; margin narrowly revolute, latei-al veins numerous, slender ;
petiole I to | in. long , inflorescence cymose, terminal and sub-
terminal, 2 to 4 in. in diameter ; ultimate pedicels very short ;
bracteoles very small, deciduous ; flowers white, J in. long ; calyx
turbinate, ^ in. long, 4-lobed, lobes very short, broad, obtu.se,
scarcely apiculate ; petals 4, thrown off in a calyptrate manner ;
stamens inserted on a ring on the upper part of the calyx-tube ;
young fruit globose, | to -j in. in diameter.

PuNGo Andongo. — In wooded situations by the river Tangue within
the lines of fortification ; fi. May 1857. No. 4398.

The following No. apparently is a monstrous state of tliis
species : —

PuNGO Andongo. — A small tree of 10 ft. ; leaves narrowly elliptical,
coriaceous, glossy, distinctly dotted beneath ; flowers (?) pseudo-
morphous, quite deformed and indeed scarcely to be considered flowers.
In the denser forests of Mata de Cabondo, Feb. 1857. No. 4584.

7. E. Jambos L. Sp. PI., edit. i. p. 470 (1753); Elliot in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 80 (1894), (iJ. Jambosa).

Jambosa vulgaris DC. Prodr. iii. p. 28G (1828) ; Welw. Apont.
p. 570 sub n. 170. J. australis Ficalho PI. Uteis, p. 184 (1884).
non DC.

Barra do Dande. — A very elegant tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, evergreen,
with copious inflorescence, spreading branches, and nodding flowering
and fruiting branchlets. Cultivated at the banks of the river Dande
near Bombo, originally introduced from Brazil according to Pedro
Alexandrine ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 4586.

GoLUNGO Ar.TO. — Sometimes a shrub 3 to 5 ft. high, sometimes at
the banks of the river Cuango a tree attaining 20 to 30 ft., with a
trunk 3^ ft. in diameter ; fruits when nearly dry scented like musk.
In deep valleys along streams among the mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta, very abundant and often almost exclusively occupying extensive
tracts ; fl. June 1855. Scarcely typical> as the corymbs are very highly
compound, bearing upwards of 100 flowers. No. 4588. A small tree
or in secondary thickets a shrub of 5 to 8 ft. ; corymbs very large,
mostly terminal ; pedicels purple, repeatedly branched, very brittle at
the joints ; flowers white. In very dense more elevated forests at the
banks of streams among the mountains of the Eastern Queta ; fl. and
young fr. June 1855. No. 4590. A small tree, more frequently a
shrub of 5 to 6 ft., remarkable for the peculiar luxuriance of the
flowers possibly due to insect-work. Abundant by mountain streams
in the Central and Eastern Queta ; fl. end of June 1856. No. 4589.
A small tree but mostly a shrub, flowers densely corymbose ; dry
fruits scented like musk, scarcely edible. Sange, fr. August 1855.
Coll. Carp. 565.

PuNGo Andongo. — A small tree with lax branches and white
flowers. Mata de Pungo ; fl. end of May 1857. Probably an escape
from cultivation. No. 4585.

Princl's Island.— Among the rocks of Pico de Papagaio, rather
rare, cultivated ; without either fl. or fr. 21 Sept. 1853. No. 4618-

Island of St. Thomas.— Frequently cultivated in the Island ;
without either fl. or fr., Dec. 1800. No. 4587. Coll. Cari-. 56G.

This is called " Jamboeiro " or " Jambo " by the Portuguese colonists.

362 Liii. MYRTACE^. [Eugenia

8. E. Tungo Hiern, sp. n.

A tree, 15 to 20 feet high, much branched, with a lax
spreading head, glabrous throughout ; with the habit of a cofiee ;
branches and branchlets spreading at about 45°, whitish, the
former subterete, the latter somewhat compressed towards the
extremities ; leaves simple, opposite, elliptical or roundly ovate,
more or less acuminate at the apex, and wedge-shaped or obtuse
at the base, rigidly coriaceous, glaucous- green, glossy above,
shghtly reddish beneath (in the dry state), remarkably pellucid-
punctate, 2 to 3 inches long by 1 to 1^ in. broad; margins entire,
narrowly revolute ; lateral veins numerous, spreading at a wide
angle, not conspicuous ; petiole 5 to | in. long, channelled above ;
infructescence cymose, apparently terminal, about 2 in. long;
ultimate pedicels very short ; fruit di-upaceous, oblong-obovoid,
about an inch long, yellow-reddish or green-reddish, edible, slightly
and agreeably acid ; flesh thin ; seed solitary ; embryo large.

PxjNGO Andongo. — In wooded thickets and at the banks of the
river Cuanza from Quitage to Quisonde, abundant, principally on the
Calemba islands and in their vicinity ; fr. middle of March 1857.
Called " Tungo do Cuanza," or "Tungu da catarata de Condo." No.
1245 and Coll. Carp. 564.

As is very frequently the case with tropical African fruits, the
seed is large in proportion to the size of the fruit.

3. PETERSIA Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 721
(Oct. 1865).

1. P. africana Welw., I.e. ; Laws, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 439.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A large tree, 30 to 80 feet high, somewhat
resembhng a Bavrhigtonia ; trunk 2 to 4 feet in diameter at the base,
denuded of branches to the height of 20 feet ; head very leafy, spread-
ing, depressed at the apex ; leaves punctate ; calyx winged ; petals
adhering at the base to the staminal ring ; stamens indefinite, deciduous
with the corolla ; fruit very broadly membranous-winged, not unlike
that of Combretaceae. In primitive forests, in moist deep valleys among
the mountains of the Eastern Queta ; fl. Feb. 1855 ; fr. end of July
1856. No. 4591.

4. NAPOLEON^A P. Beauv. ex Fr. Fischer in Mem. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. i. p. 92 (1806).

Napoleona P. Beauv. (1810); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 723;
non Naj)oleone Bob. Voy. Louis, i. p. 355, ii. pp. 322, 441 (1807).

1. N. imperialis P. Beauv. ex. Fr. Fischer in Mem. Soc. Nat.
Mosc. i. p. 92 (1806).

Napoleona imperialis P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. ii. (pars xiii) p. 30, t. 78
(1810) ; Laws, in Ohv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 439. Belvisia ccBvulea
Desv. Journ. Bot. (Ser. 2) iv. p. 130 (1814). N. angoleiisis Welw.
Apont. p. 571 sub n. 171, p. 586 n. 25 ; Mast, in Journ. Linn. Soc.
X. p. 494 (1869) ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2, i. p. 12 (July
1875).

GoLUNGO Alto.— An arborescent bush, 12 to 20 ft. high, evergreen,
resembling in its habit and glossy foliage a luxuriant Camellia, a
really imperial ornament of the primitive forests ; trunk slender, 2 to

Xapoleomt'o] Liii. jiyrtace^:. 363

2^, or rarely 3 in. in diameter ; bark of the trunk ami older branches
grey, rough ; branches erect-spreading at the apex, crowded in a
whorled manner on the trunk, virgately elongated ; whorls .0 to 7
rarely U to 2 ft. distant, nodose-thickened ; Itranchleta and twigs
drooping, beset in places with whitish-grey warts which become white,
the younger branches acutely quadrangular, the older ones obtusely so,
the youngest ones very acutely triquetrous ; leaves variable in size,
mostly G to 7 in. long by 2A to 3 in. broad, coriaceous, deep-green
above, paler and bright-green beneath, pellucid-punctate, oblong-
lanceolate, repand or obscurely and obtusely dentate, obliiiuely
terminated at the apex with a rounded-obtu.se acumen an inch long ;
petiole short, scarcely ^ in. long, tliick, gibbous, ileshy, curved, with
an oily gloss shortly 2-winged by the decurrent Ijlade : no little glands
at the base of the blade ; calyx-tube furnished at the base with broad
ovate keeled white-greenish bracteoles, wholly blood-reddish, varnished-
glossy ; calyx-lobes green, acuminate, thickened in a triangular manner
at the apex; corolla rather fleshy, imbricate-subcontorted in iustivation,
snow-white at first shortly after the opening of the flower, afterwards
turning rose-coloured, and finally yellowish, never bluish, the corona
at the outer base purpHsh-peach-coloured ; stamens appartntly 20 ;
filaments broad, distant, cohering by means of a tliin connecting
membrane, monadelphous ; the alternate ones sterile ; anthers 10,
actually extrorse, but by the bending of the staminal tube appearing
to be introrse, apparently 1-celled ; stigma §-angled, pitted at the
concave apex, the angles slightly keeled from the centre towards the
circumference, the keels ending at the apex in an erect bifid crest ;
fruit resembling a pomegranate. In the more elevated primitive
forests, in company 'with Monodum Mi/rixtiai Dun. and a species of
Tetracera, SymphdniaglobuUfera L.f., Dichapetalnm angolfii.sr Chodat,
etc., fl. and fr. from Feb. toJune, not abundant ; in the dense forests
of the mountains of Queta, near Comuengue between N-delle and the
river Luinha, with few fl. and fr., 21 May 185G ; Moangue, N-delle,
end of June 1856. No. 4592. A small evergreen tree 7 to lo ft. high,
with subverticillate branches and whitish-rose handsome flowers. In
primitive forests of the Queta mountains, with fl. buds fl. and ripe fr.
on the same branch. May 185G. C(ill. C.mu'. 568.

SiERKA Leone.— A very elegant shrub ; flowers from whitish to
rose-coloured. Freetown ; ripe fr. given to Welwitsch by Epfen-
hausen. Coll. Carp. 567.

LIV. MELASTOMACE^.

The proportionately very limited number of the Melastomacere in
Angola, so far as yet discovered, notwithstanding the attention
which has been devoted to their inve.stigation, lead-s to the l»elief
either that in Africa they are generally less abundant south of tlie
equator than north of it, or that the greater part of tlieni occur
in the highlands of Songo, Duquo do i'.ragan<;:i, and other countries
lying east of the province. (Wchvit.sch, Apont. p. 570 n. 169).

1. OSBECKIA L.; Bonth. & Hook. f. Uen. Pi. i. p. 714 (18G7).
Antherotoina Hook. f. in Bt-nth. k Hook, f., I.e., p. 745.
1. 0. antherotoma Naud. in Ann. So. Nat., Ser. 3, xiv. p. 5G
(1850); Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. .■?30 (1891).
Antherotoma Naudini Hook. f. in Eentli. A- ilook. 1. (Jtn. PI. i.

3G4 Liv. MELASTOMACE^. [Osbeckia

p. 745 (1867). and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 444; Triana in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 57, t. iv. f. 43 (1871).

PuNGO Andongo.— An annual, erect, little herb, 3 to 4 (9) in. high,
usually branched from the base ; leaves membranous ; flowers tetra-
merous, rosy ; anthers emitting pollen at the small apex. On the
more elevated exposed moist shortly-grassy declivities amongst the
gigantic rocks of the fortress in Pedra Cazella ; fl. and young fi*. April
1857, ripe fr. May 1857. No. 909. Annual, 3 to 5 in. high ; by the
lofty rocks of the fortress ; fr. May 1857. Coll. Carp. 570.

HuiLLA. — A slender, erect, gregarious, little herb, hispidulous or
occasionally pubescent, sparingly branched, a digit high or shorter :
flowers in terminal clusters, of a pretty rosy colour, fugacious ; petals
4 ; stamens 8, all alike ; anthers truncate, pot-shaped (ceramiiform),
and by this character distinguished from all other Angolan
Melastomace^. In rocky situations along streams near Empalanca on
the Humpata plain, at an elevation from 5200 to 5300 ft. ; fl. and fr.
beginning of April 1860. Along the grassy margins of streams and
near the bottom of the rocks throughout the Humpata plain, at an
elevation from 5000 to 5400 ft., very abundant ; fl. and fr. 13 April
1860. No. 920.

2. 0. Welwitschii Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 333.
PuNGO Andongo. — A sarmentose or subscandent undershrub, Avith

rose-purple flowers. By the Canandua river, within the fortress ; fl.
and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 907. A shrub. In bushy places by the river
Cuanza near Sansamanda, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 907&.
Ambaca. — A herb, apparently annual or biennial, 2 to 4 ft. high,
quasi-scandent among shrubs, with rambling branches and rosy flowers.
In mountainous swamps near Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 908.

3. 0. hirsuta Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 334 (1891).
PuNGO Andongo. — An erect, rather rigid, strigulose herb, IJ ft.

high, with purplish flowers. In exposed pastures among short bushes
at the margins of pools, between Condoand Quisonde and near Lombe,
very rare ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 905.

4. 0. multiflora Sm. in Rees, Cyclop, xxv. n. 7 (1813) ; Hook,
f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 442 ; Cogniaux, I.e., p. 332 (1891).

Dissotis multiflora Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 58 (1871).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An elegant erect herb, 2 to 3A ft. high, with
handsome violet-purple flowers. In the mountainous rather shaded
parts of the more elevated forests of Sobato de Quilombo-
Quiacatubia, from 2000 to 2500 ft. alt., on moist clay, very rare ; fl.
and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 898.

2. TRISTEMMA Juss. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 746.

1. T. incompletum Br. in Tuckey, Congo (App.), p. 435 (1818).

Melastoma sessills Schum. Beskr. Guin. Plant in Danske Vid.
Selsk. Naturv. iii. p. 239 (1828). T. Schumacheri Guillem. &
Perrott. Fl. Senegamb. p. 311 (1833) ; Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. ii. p. 446 ; Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vxi. p. 361 (1891).

Var. grandifolium (Cogn., I.e.).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An undershrub, woody at the base ; stem ascend-
ing, obtusely quadrangular ; calyx obovoid, 5-toothed ; the teeth erect,

Tristemma] Liv, mi^lastomace.-e. 365

pluri-setose at the apex, girt at the throat with a short furfiirfaccous
ring, adhering only to the base of the ovary ; tube inside naked, glossy,
polished ; petals 5 or G (on the same plant), inserted on the throat of
the calyx, broadly ovate, truncate at the base, rosy, rather ilesliy, very
readily deciduous, scarcely I in. long, beset on one side with glandular-
ciliate hairs ; stamens 10 or 12 (even in the same flower-head t; petals
and 10 stamens were noticed), inserted with the petals, ascending in a
curved manner ; anthers of two forms, each opening l)y one pore,
alternate larger, rosy, not yellow as the others, all arched ; ovary
superior, not half inferior, altogether emliraced by the calyx, concave,
truncate at the top, 5-setulose at the apex, 5-celled, with several ovules
in each cell ; capsule baccate, Ijeautifully purple, urceolate, crowned
with the 5 reflected lobes of the persistent calyx, beset with a double
row of hairs, soft when ripe ; seeds very numerous, imbedded in pulp.
In moist very sliaded woods and rugged situations at the sides of
streams amongst the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic (as
are most of the species of this family seen by Welwitsch in Angola) ;
fl. 7 Jan. 1855, fr. end of May 1855 ; ]\Iata do Mangue, fl. April 1856.
No. 900.

2. T. albiflorum Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 353 (1849) ;
Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 362 (1891).

Melastoma alhiflorina G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 764 (1832). T.
Scfmviacheri, var. albiflorum Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 446.

Island of St. Thomas. — On the more elevated rocky wooded parts
of Fazenda de JNIonte Cafft?, very sparingly ; not yet flowering, Dec.
1860. No. 922.

This determination is very doubtful.

3. T. littorale Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 353 (1849) ;
Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 362 (1891).

T. tSchiwiacheri, var. littorale Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 446.

PuxGO Andongo. — A shrub, 6 ft. high, with sparse and rambling
branches ; stem simple at the base, as thick as a man's finger, purplish :
flowers large, rose-purple. By swamps and in the waters of the river
Quanza at the island of Calemba ; the stem almost floating ; fr. and
few fl. 12 March, 1857. No. 906.

3. DISSOTIS Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 746.

1. D, capitata Hook. f. in OHv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 449;
Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 365 (1891).

Ileterotis capitata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 352 (1849).
Tristemma capitatum Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 50.
t. iv. f. Ud. (1871).

Var. Barter! Cogn., I.e.

PuNGo Andongo. — An erect, shaggy undershrub, 2i to 3 ft. high.
In rocky thickets near streams in Serra de Pedras de Guinga ; fr.
March 1857. No. 903. An erect herb, 2 to 3 feet high ; rootstock
spongy ; stems numerous ; flowers pretty, purple. In damp thickets
between Quitage and Bumba ; fr. and few fl. March 1S57. This de-
termination is doubtful. No. 903^.

366 LIV. MELASTOMACEiE.

Var. Vogelii Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 450 ; Cogn., I.e.
■ -^Heterojyteris Vogelii Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 352.

Sierra Leone. — An ascending perennial herb, 1 to Ig- ft. high,
branched from the base ; leaves coriaceous, rather rigid, beneath turn-
ing yellowish in the dry state ; flowers prettily rose-purple ; calyx-
lobes and petals tipped with fasciculate setiB ; capsule valvate ; valves
tipped with fasciculate setae ; seeds cochleate, delicately and densely
tuberculate or punctulate. On grassy mountain declivities near
Freetown, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 896.

2. D. gracilis Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 366 (1891).
HuiLLA. — In elevated, marshy, somewhat spongy, wooded meadows,

in Morro de Monino, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. May 1860. No. 921.

3. D. lanceolata Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 366 (1891).
PuNGO Andongo. — Perennial, erect, favoured with deep rose-purple

flowers. In moist mountain-pastures amongst grass and short bushes
at the banks of the river Luxillo, abundant and fragrant ; fl. May
1857. No. 910. A perennial herb, 2 feet high, with thick spongy
rootstock, numerous stems, and fragrant, very prettily rose-coloured
flowers. In moist meadows along the banks of the river Cuanza, very
abundant ; fl. and fr. April 30, 1857. No. 910&. In swampy thickets
near Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 910c. In moist sandy
thickets near Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 910c?.

4. D. debilis Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 58, t. iv.
f. 44a (1871); Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 367 (1891).

Osheckia debilis Sond. in Linnsea, xxiii. p. 47 (1850), non Naud.

HuiLLA. — In rough exposed thickets, with sparing herbage, near
Mumpulla ; not well developed, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 918. A little herb ;
rootstock woody ; stems csespitose, ascending, 3 to 6 in. high, more or
less purplish ; flowers handsome, of a deep-rose colour, arranged in
terminal heads. In the more elevated grassy hilly situations, especially
along the banks of streams, near Lopollo, abundant ; fl. and f r.
beginning of December 1859. No. 919.

5. D. lEBvis Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 451 (Sept. 1871).
Melastoma decumhens P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. i. p. 69, t. 41 (1806).

Osheckia decumbens DC. Prodr. iii. p. 143 (1828). Heterotis
loivis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 348 (1849). D. decumbens
Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 58 (Dec. 1871) ; Cogniaux
in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 368 (1891).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An ascending, prettily green herb, almost scandent,
2 to 3 ft. high ; petals rosy, very fugacious. In moist bushy places
from Calolo to Sange also in palm groves of RaiMa near Canguera-
sange, nowhere abundant ; fl. and fr. Sept. and Nov. 1854 ; also at
the ferruginous spring near Bango, fr. April 1856. No. 899. A herb
of 2 to 3 ft., with rose-coloured flowers. In the forest at the sides of
the Quiapose, in Sobato de Bumba ; fr. 22 Oct. 1855. Coll. Carp. 572.

6. D. plumosa Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 452 (Sept.
1871).

Osbeckia rotundifolia Sm. in Pees, Cycl. xxv. n. 4 (1813). Mela-
stoma plumosa D. Don in Mem. Werner. Soc. iv. (Part 2) p. 291
(1823). Heterotis plumosa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 348 (1849).

Dissotis] LIV. MELASTOMACE.K. 367

JD. rotundifolia Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 58 (Dec.
1871) j Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 3G9 (1891).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A little low uudershrub, growing after the fashion
of Linncea borealis L. ; stems prostrate or creei)ing, rooting at the
nodes, very slender ; flowering branches erect ; flowers of a pretty
rose colour, large for the size of the plant ; anthers of a deep dull
yellow-orange colour. In the most elevated forests of Sobato
Quilombo-Quiacatubia, creeping amongst moss in shaded places ; fl.
and young fr. Feb. 1855. A slender form. No. 897.

Seen also by Welwitsch in Pkince's Island, at Papagaios, Sept.
1853, but there is not any specimen in the collection.

7. D. angolensis Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 371 (1891).

HuiLLA. — In marshy, bushy pastures, by the streams of FeiTao da
Sola ; fl. beginning of May 18t)0. No. 913. An erect i)erennial
tomentellous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; flowers bright rose-purple and
sometimes pale violet-purple. In swampy meadows with dense grass
and low bushes, at the great lake of Ivantala ; H. and fr. Feb. and
April 18G0. No. 914.

8. D. Welwitschii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 371 (1891).

HuiLLA. — Flowers brilliantly violet-purple. On elevated, wooded,
densely grassy declivities, along streams in Morro de Lopollo, abundant ;
fl. Jan., young fr. April 18G0. No. 917- An undershrub, 3 to 4 rarely
5 ft. high ; stems gregarious, erect, winged-tetragonal ; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, very bright green ; flowers paniculate, large, very handsome,
deep violet-purple. By streams in Serra de Lopollo, at an elevation
of 5200 feet ; fr. April 1860. Coll. Carp. 89 and 575.

9. D. longicaudata Cogn. in DC, Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 373(1891).

HuiLLA. — A small slender tree. 15 to 20 ft. high ; leaves with
scattered adpressed hairs on the upper face ; calyx-teeth caducous.
In wooded thickets along streams in the most elevated parts of Morro.
(Serra) de Lopollo ; fl. and young fr. May 18G0. No. 915. Arbores-
cent 10 to 15 ft. ; trunk 2 to G in. in circumference ; fr. Coll. Carp. 571.

The following probably belong.s to this species, though the cor-
responding specimens have not been found : —

HuiLLA. — A .shrub of 14 to 18 ft. or a slender little tree, evergreen,
with very handsome violet-purple flowers. In Morro de Huilla, at
5600 ft. alt.. May 18G0. Coll. Carp. 73.

10. D. CandoUeana Cogn. in DC. Monogi-.Phan. vii. p. 373(1891).
PuNCio Andon(;o.— In damp meadows between Quitage and Condo.

occasionally ; fl. and \fr. March ]8.')7. No. 904. A small, erect,
branched shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high. By the streams of Funda Quilombo :
fr. Dec. 185G. No. 904i. In marshy thickets by the river Muxillo :
fl, and fr. beginning of Dec. 185G. No. 904c. An erect shrub.
3 ft. high ; flowers not j'et seen. In the elevated marshy parts of
the rocks of Pungo Andongo ; fr. end of Oct 1855. Coll. Carp, 573.

11. D. crenulata Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 376(1891).

Huilla.— An erect shrub, very much branched, 4 to G ft. high :
primary stems springing in a ca^spitose manner from the rootstock :
branches and branchlets spreading. In damp thickets at the l)ase of
Morro de Lopollo, not abundant ; fr. Dec. 1859; very few fl.. May

368 LIV. MELASTOMACE.E.

1860. No. 916. An erect branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems
numerous ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tomentose ; flowers large,
handsome, violet-purple. In thickets by streams near Lopollo ; fl.
April 1860 ; fr. Dec. 1859. Coll. Carp. 574.

4. AMPHIBLEMMA Naud. ; Benth. & Hook f . Gen. PI. i. p. 754.
1. A. cymosum Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 3, xv. p. 51 (1851),

and xiv. t. 7. f. vii. (1850) ; Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.
456 ; Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 528 (1891).

Melastoma cymosum Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 14 (1803). M.
cm-ymbosa Sims Bot. Mag. t. 904 (1806). Heterotis (sp.), Benth.
in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 352 (1849).

GoLTJNGO Alto. — A sufEruticose herb, 2| to 3^ ft. high ; stem
tetragonal : leaves membranous, rather rigid, intensely green ; flowers
violet-purple. In densely shaded situations by the sides of streams
among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sparingly ; fl. Jan., fr.
March 1856. No. 901. A perennial herb, 2J to 4 ft. high ; stem
4- winged ; leaves very large, pale green ; flowers rosy ; petals very
caducous. At the cataract, Zengas de Queta, rather rare ; capsules
and seeds, March 1856. Coll. Carp. 569.

Cazengo. — In the very dense, elevated forests of Muxaula, on the
left bank of the river Luinha, very rare ; fr. and very few fl. June
1855. No. 902.

5. MEMECYLON L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 773.

1. M. membranifolium Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.
462 ; Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. vii. p. 1135 (1891).

PuNGO Andongo. — A small tree, with whitish bark, blue flowers,
and blue edible berries. In the primitive forests of Mata de Pungo,
near Pedras de Pungo ; fl. Jan., fr. May 1857. No. 912.

2. M. polyanthemos Hook, f., I.e., p. 463; Cogniaux, p. 1160.
Pungo Andongo. — A very elegant, patently branched tree of 10 to

15 ft. : leaves hard-coriaceous, uninerved, impunctate, glossy, ever-
green ; flowers deep-blue, abruptly and acutely conical in the bud ;
calyx-limb repand, 4-subdentate ; petals 4 ; stamens 8, erect ; anthers
2-celled, white ; cells diverging at the base, dehiscing longitudinally ;
ovary 2-celled. Berry spherical, beautiful clear-blue ; juice coloured
deep-blue ; seed solitary (or very rarely 2), exalbuminous ; cotyledons
fleshy, thick, very intricately conduplicate. In little rocky woods at
the base of the gigantic rocks of Barrancos de Catete, near Catete,
sporadic ; fr. and sparingly fl. Nov. and 5 Dec. 1856. A small tree
of 12 ft. ; fr. end of April 1857. No. 911.

The following note from Welw. Synopse, p. 4, n. 7 probably refers
to this, or possibly to the previous species of the genus, or to both ;
Ficalho in Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisb. ii. p. 709 (1882) refers it doubt-
fully to M. fasciculare Planch., and in PI. Uteis p. 184 (1884) to
M. Vogelii Naud. : — " Cosanza " is the native name of a small
tree of remarkable elegance, belonging to this family ; it occurs
chiefly in rocky forests from Pungo Andongo to Songo, and its
wood is valued by the natives for the purpose of manufacturing
various domestic and defensive implements, as, for instance, the

Memecijlon'\ ijv. MELASTOJiAfK.i:. 369

handles of hatchets, etc. ; the fruit of this tree, wliicli consists
of clear blue berries, is eaten by the natives. Apparently the
same plant (or plants) is that mentioned Ijy Welwitsch, Apont.
p. 570, nndern. 169,' as a slender tree, belonging to the sub-<jrder
Memecylese and indigenous in Pungo Andongo, with well-
flavoured blue berries ; these when eaten colour the lips black,
and thus pomt to the origin of the name Melastoma.

LV. PLECTRONIACEiE.

1. PLECTRONIA L. Mant. PI. (i.) p. 6 (1767), neque DC. nee
Benth. il- Hook. f. (Jlinia Thunb. in llijni. Archiv. ii., pars 1, p. 4
(1799) ; Uenth. A: Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 785.

1. P. ventosa L. Mant. PI. (i.) p. 52 (1767), excl. syn. ; Herb.
Linn. ! ; neque DC. nee Sond.

Olinia cymosa Thunb. Rom. Archiv. ii., pars 1, p. 4(1799);
Sender in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 520 (1862); Hiern in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 485. P.flm'ibunda Buchinger ex Krauss
in Flora, 1844, p. 348.

HuiLLA. — A shrub 4 to 7 ft. high, branched nearly from the base ;
branches nodose, patent ; branchlets acutely tetragonal ; leaves varying
from elliptical to ovate, rather obtuse and emarginate at the apex,
thinly coriaceous, deep-greeu above, paler beneath, midrib and veins
beautifully atro-sanguineous, densely pellucid-venulose, margin
narrowly cartilaginous ; flowers very sweetly fragrant with the aroma
almost of Daplnir ; calyx green, truncate at the mouth, obscurely
5-toothed ; petals (possibly to be considered calyx-lobes?) 5, always
petaloid, whitish, sessile with a broad base on the inner face of the
throat or limb of the calyx, alternating with 5 interposed scales ;
stamens 5, opposite the scales and inserted below them ; ovary
minute, 5-celled or sometimes only ?>- or 4-celled ; ovules pendulous
from a central column ; style straight, firm, subcoriaceous, sparingly
but con.stantly pilose with spreading hairs ; stigma truncate. In
rocky hilly thickets between Humjjata and Lopollo, sporadic ; fl.
30 Dec. 1859. Near LopoUo ; tl. March 1860. No. 991.

Welwitsch, in a letter to me, 16 Sept. 1870, with reference to this
plant wrote as follows : — " In the living plant the so-called petals look
very different in colour, structure, and consistence from the calyx ;
besides, the insertion seemed to me always to be inside the calycine
margin. The white bracts at the base of the flowers I have never
found so conspicuous as they seem to occur on the Cape plant :
coloured bracts, of the same colour as the flowers, are very frequent
among Combretaceous genera, but never a multilocular ovary."

Olinia tisambarensis Gilg in Eng. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 3, p. 216 fig. 74 a— G (p. 215) (1894) and in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix.
p. 278 (1894) agrees in the dry state very clo.sely with our
specimens; it was collected by Hoist n. 9115 in the elevated
forest-region of Usambara at Kwa Mochuza in August 1893.

This genus presents points of dithculty in many respects, and
especially with reference to its structure, its position in the
Calyciflorte, the limitation of its species, and its correct name.

24

370 Lv. PLECTRONiACE/E. [Plectrotiico

There seems little doubt but that Linnseus had a specimen
of the genus under consideration when he described Plectroriia
for the Mantissa (1767), for his description and the specimen in
his herbarium, subscribed in his own writing Avith the name
Plectronia ventosa, now at the Linnean Society, both establish this
view ; he, however, complicated the matter by quoting a plate
from Burmann of a plant in fruit which appears to belong to
Canthium in Eubiacefe, though he implied that he had not seen
the plant figured in Burmann. In this way some authors have
sunk the name of Canthium and substituted foi- it that of
Plectronia for the Rubiaceous genus, while Olinia of Thunberg
has been generally used for the true Plectronia L.

The structure has been fully discussed by Decaisne, " Sur les
caracteres et les affinites des Oliniees," in 1877; by Baillon,
" Nouvelles Observations des les Olinia" in 1878; and by Gilg
in Engler and Prantl, ISTat. Pflanzenfam., in 1892. The number
of species comprised in the genus is variously estimated as from
1 to 5 or 6. The most recent opinion agrees with several early
ones, that these plants constitute a distinct natural order, which
has been called Oliniaceae ; but if the name Olinia must be
<hscontinued for the genus, a corresponding change is obviously
suggested in the case of the Order.

LVI. PUNICACE^.

1. PUNICA Tournef, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 784.

1. P. Granatum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 472 (1753); Welw. in
Journ. Linn, Soc. v. p. 184 (1861) ; Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr.
ii. p. 486; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 185 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A small tree or large shrub, much branched, 8 to
12 feet high ; fruit of moderate size. Cultivated and spontaneous, but
not indigenous, in the old garden of the Italian missionaries at the
convent of Bango Aquitamba and in thickets ; fl. and young fr. 1 May
1856, called " Romeira " or " Ramanzeira." No. 3333.

LVII. LYTHRAOEiE.

The Angolan Lythracese consist chiefly of low annual herbs,
rather rare in the coast region up to 1000 feet of altitude and
little frequent in the mountainous region rangmg from 1000 to
2400 feet, but abundant in the marshy lands and moist meadows
in the neighbourhood of the river Cuanza from Pungo Andongo to
Quisongo. Though the greater part of the species consist of plants
so small that with reason they might be considered as the pigmies of
the Angolan flora, yet some among them do not fail in elegance,
and others are remarkable for the red or crimson colour with
which their stems, leaves and calyxes at the time of fructification
are tinged ; and when seen from afar they resemble purple carpets
spread over the green meadows. See Welwitsch, Apontamentos,
p. 5'69, n. 168.

I

Jl'otala] LVII. T.YT1IRACE.E. 371

1. ROTALA L. Mant. PI. ii. pp. 143, 175 (1771). Ammannia
Jientb. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 776 (partly).

1. R. mexicana Cliam. & Scblecht. in Linnu'a, v. p. 5G7 (1830).
Subsp. Hierniana Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 151 (1880).
a. verticillaris (L.), var. /S. Spruceana Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Troj).

Afr. ii. p. 467.

PuNGO Andongo. — On watery mud, among short herbage, in com-
pany with Utricidaria exiUs Oliv. ; about Lagua de Quibinda ; fl. and
fr. March 1857. No. 2337.

Koehne of Berlin distinguishes the above from Rotala verticillata L.
by the insertion of the stamens being scarcely above the base of the
calyx instead of a little above the middle, and by the absence of petals.
Both species have a wide distribution over hot countries.

2. R. myriophylloides \Yehv. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
ii. p. 469 ; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 154 (1880).

HuiLLA. — An aquatic herb, floating, apparently annual, gregarious ;
rhizome creeping, stoloniferous ; stems cylindrical, pseudo-articulate,
branched here and there, verticillately leafy at the nodes, interrupted
towards the apex with whorls of flowers after the fashion of Myrio-
phyllum verticillutum L. : joints longitudinally striate ; flowers herma-
phrodite, of a deep-rose colour, dimorphic, arranged in spikes which
rise above the water ; calyx campanulate, rosy, almost coralUne,
4-lobed ; lobes broadly ovate, rather acute ; cornua wanting or
represented by gland-like points ; petals 4, obovate or ovate-oblong, of
a deep-rose colour, longer than the calyx : stamens 4, all fertile, inserted
near or a little above the base of the calyx-tube, far exserted in the
short-styled flowers and included in the long-styled flowers ; style
filiform, straight, much shorter than the calyx in the short-styled
flowers and far exserted in the long-styled flowers : stigma capitate,
subtruncate : capsule rose-bloodred, ovoid or obovoid turgid, tipped by
the persistent style, many-seeded. Floating in or at the margins of
rivulets or rooting at the bottom of the shallower streams, always in
broad clumps, between Nene and Ohai, at an elevation of 5000 feet :
fl. and young fr. middle of May 1800. No. 2348.

3. R. serpiculoides Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 469 ; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 158 (1880).

HxJiT.rA.^ — An annual herb, scarcely a digit high ; stems erect, but
little branched : leaves linear : flowers reddish, sparingly supplied with
petals. Abundant and gregarious, in moist sandy wooded jilaces, in
company with species of Utriruhina, near the Monino : at an elevation
of 5000 ft. ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 2355. An erect, branched,
annual herb, 1 to :'. in. high ; leaves linear ; flowers axillary, reddish.
In the marshy pastures of the Monino : fr. beginning of April 1H60.
Coll. C.vim-. 582.

4. R. decussata DC. Prodr. iii. p. 76(1828) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 467, excl. syn. ; Koehne, I.e., p. 160.

PuNGd Andonco. — In muddy-sandy places sometimes flooded, about
Lombe, but not abundant ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 2339. Plant
reddish when old, resembhng in habit Onlimnthis nunlnuis L. ; calyx
4-lobed, with linear cornua ; stamens 4 : capsule ;J-valved. widely
caespitose. In nearly dried up swamps near Quibinda, along the river
Cuije ; fl. and fi-. March 1857. No. 2340. Annual. In marshes near

372 LVII. LYTHRACE.E. [Eotalci

Quibinda ; seeds, March 1857. Coll. Carp. 577 (part). In the
deeper pools, in company with Thalia Welwitschii Ridl. (Welw. Herb.
No. 6445), near Mutollo, Serra das Pedras de Guinga ; fl. and fr. March
1857. No. 2343.

5. R. filiformis Hiern in Oliv., I.e., p. 468; Koehne, I.e., p. 167.
Suffrenia filiformis Bellardi in Mem. Acad. Sc. Turin vii. p.

445, t. l,f. 1 (1804).

Forma Hiernii Koehne, I.e., p. 168.

PuNGO Andongo. — Widely c^spitose, half immersed in drying-up
pools about Lagoa de Quibinda ; fl. and fr. Mai'ch 1857 ; specimens
quite like the Itahan form. No. 2342- In marshes, near Quibinda
seeds, March 1857. Coll. Carp. 577 (part). On Ilhas de Calemba in
the river Cuanza ; at the edges of pools, in clumps, rather scarce ; fl
and fr. March 1857 ; specimens with a few narrow submerged leaves,
No. 2341.

HuiLLA. — A dwarf annual loosely tufted herb, scarcely 1^ in. high
calyx mostly purple ; capsule at length dark-purple ; leaves truncate
or abrupt, scarcely bifid at the apex ; in fruit almost exactly resembling
T'dlcea muscosa L. In sandy pastures, flooded in summer, along the
river Monino, in some quantity, but seen only in one spot ; fl. and fr.
beginning of April I860. No. 2338.

6. R. fontinalis Hiern in Oliv., I.e., p. 468 ; Koehne, I.e., p. 172.

PuNGo Andongo. — An elegant herb ; stem creeping, giving off
fibres at the nodes : branches erect ; leaves bifarious, glaucous-green ;
flowers always much shorter than the floral leaves ; calyx 4-cleft with
acute and spreading deltoid teeth and limb inside of a deep rose colour ;
petals 4, ovate-subcordate or obovate-spathulate, shortly clawed,
longer than the calyx ; rather fleshy ; stamens 4, exserted ; ovary more
or less conical, 4-celled, septa at length evanescent : style filiform,
exserted ; stigma capitate. Abundant in marshes along the banks of
clear slowly flowing streams, near Candumba and Mutollo ; fl. and
young fr. in March 1857. No. 2347- In muddy marshes near Lombe
and also near Quisonde ; fr. March 1857. No. 2346.

7. R. nummularia Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 468; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahr. i. p. 177 (1880).

HuiLLA. — A slender, creeping, apparently perennial little herb,
glaucous-greenish, growing after the fashion of Gluux marithiui L., the
whole plant exactly with the habit of Thymus ; flowers lilac or violet-
purple. In nearly dried-up places at the banks of the river Quipum-
punhime, between Mumpulla and Nene, abundant, but seen in only
one spot : fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2344. An elegant, glaucous-
green, rather fleshy, apparently perennial herb, growing on sufficiently
broad tufts ; stems erect, crowded ; flowers tetramerous, of a bright-
rose colour ; calyx petaloid, rosy, bi-bracteolate, deeply lobed ; lobes
erect, deltoid, equal ; petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx,
shortly clawed, persistent for a long time and marcescent ; stamens 4 ;
stigma capitate ; capsule valvate, at length 1 -celled. In marshy places
along the banks of streams and in the nearly dry beds of the streams
about Lopollo, at an elevation of 5000 to 5500 ft., abundant ; near
Catumba, fl. and young fr. Jan. 1860. The flowers are dimorphic,
some flowers having the stamens exserted and longer than the style,
while others have the style longer than the stamens. No. 2345.

Ammannia] lvii. lythrace.e. 373

2. AMMANNIA Houst., L. ; Beuth. 6c Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 77G

(partly).

1. A. senegalensis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. et Method, i. p. :U1,
n. 1553 (1791), t. 77 fig. 2 ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. ill.

Var. auriculata Hiern, I.e. ; A. auriculata Willd. Hort. Berol.
i. p. 7 t. 7 (1806); Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 244(1880).

MossAAtEDES. — Leaves sessile, auriculate ; flowers disposed in shortly
pedunculate small trichotomously divided axillary cymes ; capsules
bursting irregularly or circumsciss ; leaves sessile, auriculate at the
base. In sandy places with scanty herbage, formerly flooded near the
estuary of the river Bero and towards the river Giraiil, sporadic ; fl.
and fr. in winter, August 1859. No. 2350.

Var. patens Hiern, I.e. ; A. vesicatoriaT. Thorns, in Speke Journ.
App. p. 634 (1863), non Roxb. ; A. senegalensis Koehne in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 235 (1880).

GoLUNGO Alto. — Annual or biennial, a foot high ; stem ascending,
more rarely straight, sometimes rooting, purplish. Rather rare, in
muddy places about marshes in wooded places near Calolo ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 2352. Annual. In spongy places near Calulo,
abundant ; fr. Sept. 1854. Coll. Carp. 57G. About swamps along
rivulets, near Trombeta, Sept. 1854. No. 23526.

Var. multiflora Hiern, I.e. ; A . muUiJlora Roxb. Hort. Bang,
p. 11 (1814) ; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 247 (1880).

Ambaca. — On the left bank of the river Caringa, at an elevation of
2900 ft., also near the margins of the lake Moembege, in the neigh-
bouring district of Cazengo ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 2353. An
annual erect much-branched herb, with small rose-coloured flowers,
about marshes near the banks of the river Lucala, and near Halo by
swamps ; at an elevation of 2900 ft. ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 2354.

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual erect fen-herb, with spreading
branches ; petals 4, rose-coloured. Sparingly in moist wooded meadows,
near Sansamanda, in company with Isoiites cequinodntlis Welw. No. 50 ;
fl. INIay 1st, 1857. No. 2351-

Var. brasiliensis A. St. Hil. Fl. Bra.s. Mer. iii, p. 135 t. 187.
(1833) ; Hiern, I.e. ; A. auricidata, var. arenaria Koehne in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 245 (1880).

PuNGo Andongo. — About pools then dried up on the Ilhas de
Calembe, in the river Cuanza, a few specimens ; fl. and fr. March
1857. No. 2358- By pools near Muta-Lucala, along the banks of the
river Cuanza : JMarch 1857. No. 2368'>. Erect or ascending : leaves
bright green, broadly auriculate at the base. Frecjuent near Lorabe,
in moist sandy-muddy places along the banks of the river Lombe ; fl.
and fr. March 1857. No. 2359. An annual herb, a hand high ; flowers
very small, rosy. Condo, fl. and fr. March 1857. Coll. Carp. 584.

MossAMEDES. — Flowers reddish. Rather rare in sandy-muddy
places with sparse herbage at the banks of the river Bero (or Rio das
Mortes), Mata dos Carpinteiros, near Cavalheiros ; fl. and f r. beginning
of August 1859. No. 2360.

The next following two Nos. probably belong to tlm species,
but the material is too poor for positive determination : —

374 LVll. LYTHRACE^. [Ainmannict

Am BACA. — In wet places by the banks of the river Pamba, near
N-gombo, a unique specimen in fr. without leaves Oct. 1856. No. 2372.

Pdngo Andoxgo. — In wet meadows near Lombe, towards Muta-
Lucala, a young specimen without fl. or fr. beginning of March 1857.
No. 2369.

2. A. baccifera L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 120 (1753) (Amannia) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 478.

A. attenuata Hochst. in Hei-b. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 778; A.
Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 278 (1847) ; Koehne in Engl. Bot.
Jahi'b. i. p. 257 (1880).

PuNGO Andongo. — Abundant in sandy places flooded in summer,
from Candumba to Lombe along the banks of the river Cuanza ; fl. and
fr. March 1857. No. 2356.

MossAMEDES. — In swamps by the river Bero, near Mossamedes ; fl.
and fr. July 1859. No. 2357. Coll. Cakp. 579 (part). In swamps
by the shore of the river Bero, not far from its mouth, in excessively
wet sand almost surging under foot ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 2357^.

This Linnean species occurs also in Nile Land, and is widely spread
over tropical and subtropical Asia and Australia. The form, however,
represented by the name A. attemiata, ao emended by Koehne, is of
much more limited distribution ; and to this form Dr. Welwitsch's
specimens belong.

3. A. salicifolia Monti in Comment. Instit. Bonon. v. pars i.
p. 112, cum tab. (1767) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 478.

A. baccifera Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 258 (1880), et
subsp. cegyjJtiaca Koehne, I.e., p. 260, and in Nuov. Gioi-n. Bot.
Ital. xvi. p. 101 (1884).

PuNGO Andongo. — In marshy places with dense herbage near
Quitage by the river Cuije, not abundant ; fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 2362. In a sandy spot with short herbage at the bank of the river
Lombe not far from its confluence with the river Cuanza ; only one
little specimen seen, 3 in. high ; fl. March 1857. No. 2371. Along
streams within the fortress of Pungo Andongo, sporadic ; fl. and fr.
April 1857. No. 2349. By marshes near Sansamanda by the river
Cuanza, in company with A2)onogcto>i leptostachys E. Mey (Welw. Herb.
No. 301) ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 2363.

Mossamedes. — Flowers reddish. In sandy and muddy places along
the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros, sporadic ; fl. and fr. July
1859. No. 2364. Coll. Carp. 579 (part).

3. NESiEA Commers. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 779.
1. N. loandensis Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. iii. p. 325 (1882).
Animannia loandensis Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 480.

LoANDA. — A quite glabrous, deep-green, annual herb ; stems several
from the crown of the rootstock, prostrate, quadrangular, of a deep
bloodred-purple colour ; branches opposite, very numerous, ascending ;
leaves opposite, lanceolate, or oval-oblong, ^ to nearly 1 in. long, j in.
broad in the middle, attenuate at the base into a very short petiole,
deep-green, subglaucescent beneath, very delicately serrulate on the
margin ; flowers tetramerous, crowded in little axillary cymes ; common
peduncle almost obsolete ; pedicels very slender, unequal, the longer

Nescea] lvii. lythuace^. 375

ones scarcely yV in. long, erect-spreading, bibracteolate at the base ;
calyx 8-striate, purplish, elongate campanulate, with 4 erect-connivent
broadly deltoid apiculate lobes and 4 alternating longer cornua, which
soon spread horizontally ; petals wanting or very rare ; stamens 4 ;
anthers yellow, didymous, rather large ; ovary 2 -celled ; placenta
central, somewhat compressed ; style short, not exserted, rather thick,
straight : stigma capitate ; capsule globose, bursting in a circumsciss
or irregular manner. On sandy clay l)y artificial ponds (Represas) near
Concei^ao, sporadic; fl. and fr. July 1854. No. 2366. On the margin
of the artificial pond at Museque de Luiz Gomes, not far from Loanda ;
only one specimen, 2 in. high, seen ; in fl. bud Feb. 1858. Apparently
belonging to this species. No. 3370.

2. N. aspera Koehue in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. iii. p. 327 (1882).
Ammunnia aspei-a Guilleui. & Perrott Fl. Senegamb. (i.) p. 304

(1833); Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 480.

MossAMEDES. — Cymes trichotomous ; pedicels uni-bracteolate at the
base ; calyx ebracteolate, membranous, greenish, afterwards rose-
coloured ; petals wanting. In sandy-muddy marshes along the banks
of the nearly dried-up river Bero, near Cavalheiros : fr. and few fl.
August 1859. No. 2361- An annual herb, a hand high, with several
slender stems ; flowers rosy, trichotomously corymbose. At the sandy
banks of the river Bero ; seeds July 1859. Coll. Carp. 581.

3. N. andongensis Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 473 ; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. iii. p. 328 (1882).

PuNGO Andongo. — An annual bright-green herb, with the habit
of a Lythnun. ; rhizome creeping ; stem reddish, tetragonal ; leaves
herbaceous, subglaucescent to deep-green ; calyx -lobes ciliate, patent
at the time of flowering ; petals 4, or rarely 3 or 2, of a deep-rose or
reddish colour, with a rather long claw ; stamens 4, sub-exserted ;
anthers yellow, with tumid almost globose-ovoid cells. In swampy
stations near the cold springs on the higher parts of the gigantic
volcanic rocks tovvards the eastern side of the pne'^kJium of Pungo
Andongo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 2367. An erect or ascending,
deep-green, annual herb ; branches opposite ; leaves minutely crustaceo-
serrulate ; flowers tetramerous, rosy ; calyx urceolate-campanulate,
8-striate ; lobes 4, broadly deltoid, acute, erect-connivent : cornua 4,
longer than the calyx-lobes, erect-patent, at the apex ciliate with
elongated rather rigid papilhe ; petals 4, obovate-spathulate, longer
than the calyx, ro.sy, very fugacious ; capsule bursting irregularly. In
marshy places with short herbage at the banks of the river Cuanza,
near Sansamanda and ^Mopopo ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 2368.

4. N. sarcophylla Koehne, I.e., p. 328 (1882).
Ammannia sarcophijlla Welw. ex Hiern, I.e., p. 479.
MossAMEDES. — A rather fleshy annua! herb, blanched from the base;

stems thick : branches prostrate or decumbent, here and there rooting
at the nodes ; leaves rather rigid, glaucescent, ovate-lanceolate, cordate-
auriculate at the base ; auricles rotundate-obtuse ; flowers sessile. In
moist sandy places near the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros,
a few specimens ; in late fl. and fr. July and Sept. 1859. No. 2365.
Coll. Carp. 578, 579 (part) and 580. In a moist sandy spot near the
river Bero then almost dried up, in company with Mun^ilea diffusa
Lepricur ; only one specimen gathered : fl. and fr. beginning of August
1859. No. 2373.

376 Lvii. LYTHRACE^. [JS^escsa

5. N. radicans Guillem. & Perrott. Fl. Senegamb. (i.) p. 306
t. 70 (1833); Hiern, I.e., p. 474; Koehne, I.e., p. 330.

MossAMEDES. — A slender decumbent herb of 2 to 4 ft. ; leaves grass-
green ; flowers rosy ; petals 2, or rarely 3 or 4. In one spongy place
only, amidst sedges and reeds near the mouth of the river Giraul, in
company with Equisetum ramosisshnum Desf., and Mars/lea diffusa
Leprieur, var. /3 cormda Baker ; fl. 18 July 1859. No. 2330. In
a clayey-sandy moist place near the river Bero, between the mouth of
this river and that of the river Giraul ; only one specimen seen ; fl.
not yet fully open at the end of winter, August 1859. No. 2331.

6. N. floribunda Send, in Harv. & Send. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 517
(1862) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 474 ; Koehne, I.e., p. 331.

MossAMEDES. — In a sandy place with scanty herbage near the banks
of the river Bero (or Rio das Mortes) ; only one plant seen ; fl. at the
end of winter, August 1859. No. 2329.

7. N. erecta Guillem. & Perrott. Fl. Senegamb. (i.) p. 305, t. 69
(1833); Hiern, I.e., p. 474; Koehne, I.e., p. 331.

MossAMEDES.— In sandy places with scanty herbage, near the banks
of the river Bengo, Mata dos Carpenteiros ; very few specimens seen ;
fl. 21 Sept. 1859. No. 2328.

8. N. cordata Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 475 ; Oliv. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 74, t. 40 B (1873) ; Koehne, I.e., p. 332.

N. erecta Thorns, in Speke, Journ., App. p. 634 (1863), non
Guillem. & Perrott.

PiJNGO AxDONGO. — A remarkably elegant, annual, much branched
herb ; habit nearly that of Melastomacese ; branches and branchlets
opposite, gradually shortening towards the apex of the stems ; leaves
rather rough ; flowers small, rosy, clustered, surrounded at the base by
a cymbiform involucre. In marshy pastures and flooded spongy places,
in company with minute species of Eriocualon and Campanulaceee,
between Quisonde and Condo, very abundant ; fl. and fr. March and
beginning of April 1857. No. 2327. In spongy places near Lombe in
the neighbourhood of the river Cuanza ; not yet fl. beginning of March
1857. No. 2327&. Near Muta Lucala ; fl. and fr. March 1857. A
narrow-leaved form. No. 2327('. An annual herb, 3 in. high, corym-
bosely branched, with a Melastomaceous habit. In marshy places near
Lombe ; fl. and fr. Coll. Carp. 585.

9. N. linifolia Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 472 ;
Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. iii. p. 335 (1882).

HuiLLA. — A slender undershrub, 6 in. high ; rootstock woody,
branched ; stems several ; leaves alternate, very rarely the lower ones
opposite ; peduncles axillary, elongated, 1- to 3-flowered ; pedicels
bracteolate ; flowers rose-red, fine ; calyx shortly campanulate, at length
membranous, usually 8- or rarely 7- or 6-lobed ; lobes deltoid, acute,
erect, equal ; cornua obsolete, represented by thickened folds in the
sinuses between the calyx-lobes ; petals 8 or 7, obovate, spathulate,
shortly clawed, three times as long as the calyx, rosy, corrugated,
fugacious, adnate to the inner side of the sinuses ; stamens 16 or 14,
inserted above the base of the calyx-tube ; filaments elongated, filiform;
anthers curved ; ovary sessile ; style elongated ; stigma truncate, capi-
tate ; capsule ribbed, 1-celled, dehiscing from the middle to the apex

iVescea] lvii. lytiikace/E. 377

with 6 valves or folds, many-seeded. In shortly and sparingly bushy
pastures, in rocky places sometimes flooded in summer, in company
with Mdchddoa huillfiisi>i Welw. Herb. No. 865, Ascolcpis .ytcciosa
Welw. No. 1674, and Thymelajacea;, near Lopollo, at an elevation of
5000 ft.: fl. and fr. end of Nov., Dec. 18.".'J and Jan. 1860. No. 2332. A
perennial herb ; rootstock woody, branched ; stems erect, very slender,
a foot high ; leaves linear ; flowers large, rosy. In hilly bushy places
near Lopollo : tl. and fr. Dec. 1859. Coll. Cakp. 583.

10. N. passerinoides Koehne, I.e., p. 338.
Ainmannia j^cisserinoides Wehv. ex Hiern, I.e., p. 480.
HuiLLA. — A strigulose-canescent plant, agreeing in habit with

F((ssfri)ia ; branches virgate ; leaves opposite or alternate, strict ;
flowers clustered 3 to 7 together in the axils of the leaves, uni-
bracteolate at the base or the interior ones altogether ebracteolate ;
flowers constantly yellow ; calyx membranous, tetragonal, 4-lobed ;
cornua 4, very small or almost obsolete ; petals wanting or minute
and yellow ; stamens usually 4 exserted or 8 of which 4 are included ;
capsule apparently 1 -celled, dehiscing in a circumsciss manner, not
valvular or rarely with indications of 4 valves : seeds orbicular-sub-
angular, convex on one face and concave on the other. At the swampy
margins of the Lopollo stream, in company with Zin/frdi'-o-hid Jiastafa
(Welw. Herb. No. 232) and species of Salix, Xyris, and Gladiolus, at
an elevation of 5500 ft. ; fl. and f r. middle of March 1860. Specimens
collected during a sally from the fortress, when two of Welwitsch's
negroes were killed and five others escaped with him. No. 2336.

11. N. lythroides Welw. ox Hiern in OHv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 471 ; Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. iii. p. 338 (1882).

MossAMKDES.- — Habit of Liitliridu. In a moist marshy thicket with
lax herbage near Cavalheiros, in sandy -clayey places not unfrequently
quite flooded, sparingly : fl. and fr. 21 Sept. 1859. No. 2335. In
moist sandy places with lax herbage, near Boca do Rio, at the banks
of the river Bero ; only one specimen seen ; fl. August and beginning
of Sept. 1859. Probably a young plant of this species. No. 2334.

LVIII. ONAGRACE^:.

Nearly all the species of thi-s family hitherto discovered in
Angola proper are herbaceous or suffi'utcscent, and belong to the
genus Jussicea ; they inhabit swamps or meadows by the sides of
rivers and streams, and gradually increase in abundance from the
coast towards the uplands in the interior. The greater })art of them
are inconspicuous herbs, and present but little or none of the
elegance and beauty of the American members of the family ; but
they are sufficiently curious and interesting to botanists, especially
as commemorating the venerated name of the talented Antoine
Laurent de Jussieu, the founder of the natural sy.stem. Tannic
acid abounds in these plants and, mixed with the ferruginous
particles which surround them on the banks of the rivers, pro-
duces a kind of black muddy deposit, which the Portuguese
colonists call lodo j^reto, and which the natives use for the purpose
of dyeing black various sorts of the fabric called Mabela, made
from the fibre of the Raphia palm. A specimen of this lodo is

378 Lviii. ONAGRACEiE. [EpUoMum

contained in Coll. Carp. 1062, with the native name of " Maloa "
attached. Apparently with reference to a similar deposit,
Christian Smith in Tuckey, Congo, p. 301, speaks of the shore of
the river as overgi"own with a thick sod covered with a species
of Jussicea. An Isnardia and two species of Ejnlobium were found
in the district of Huilla, and another Isnardia in Mossamedes.

1. EPILOBIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 787.

1. E. hirsutum, L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 347 (1753); Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 487.

Huilla. — Stem 2J to 4 ft. high ; stigma 4-lobed, lobes broadly
oblong, rather thick, erect-patent. Along the bushy banks of streams
near Lopollo, in company with Typha (cf. Herb. No. 243), Polygonum
(of. Herb. No. 5363), Runipx (cf. Herb. No. 5357), Bubiis huillensis
(Welw. Herb. No. 1281), and Jaumea (Herb. No. 3965) ; fl. andfr. April
and May 1859. No. 4457.

2. E. bengueUense, Welw. ms, in Herb.

Glabrescent, shining, and apparently perennial ; stems annual,
2 to 3 ft. high, rooting at the very base, ascending below, erect
above, glabrous, sparingly branched, cylindrical, sub-fistulose,
leafy; leaves lineax'-lanceolate, narrowed towards both ends,
obtusely pointed at the apex, glabrous, spreading, glaucous -green,
minutely glandular-denticulate chiefly towards the apex on the
margin (glands red or purjDlish), alternate or the lower ones
opposite, 1 to 3 1 in. long by g to g in. broad, attenuate at the
base into a subglabrous broad obsoletely decurrent petiole of yV to
i in. ; nerves subpellucid ; inflorescence centripetal ; flowers
axillary, regular, at first whitish, at length rose-coloured ; peduncle
about ^ in. long, clothed with short curly hairs ; calyx-lobes lan-
ceolate, i in. long, puberulous outside, hooded-apiculate ; petals
oval, obtuse, cleft at the apex, ^ in. long, rose-coloured or palely
so, veined ; stamens all shorter than the petals ; anthers oblong ;
stigma undivided; capsule slender, 1| to 1^ in, long; together
with the peduncle 1| to 2| in. long; seeds unequally ovoid-oblong,
about TTj in. long, obtuse at the apex below the sordid comose
crown, bluntly and obhquely pointed at the base, glabrous not
shining nor tuberculate.

Huilla. — In swampy thickets along the banks of the river Monino,
not abundant ; fl. and fi-. Feb. 1860. No. 4458. In marshy places
near the banks of the river Caculuvar along the road leading to
Quilengues : fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 4459.

Nearly allied to E. stereojihyllum Fresen., of Abyssinia, but differs by
its leaves being more distinctly petiolate and attenuate at the base, etc.

2. JUSSI^A L. ; Benth and Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 788.

1. J. erecta L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 388 (1753) part, non L. PI.
Surin. n. 52 (1775); M. Micheh, Onagr. BresU, p. 15 (1874).

J. altissima Perrottet ex DC. Prodr. iii. p. 55 (1828). J.
linifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 489 ; non Vahl.

LoANDA. — An erect herb ; stem 3 to 7 ft. high, of a blood-red or

I

Jicssicea] lviii. onagiiace^. 379

purplish colour, an inch in diameter at the base, very narrowly winged
and angular by the decurrence of the leaves ; branchlets swelled at
their origin ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, very shortly petiolate, base with
two red glands ; flowers yellow ; calyx-lobes with red glands at the
base ; petals ovate, rather obtuse, very fugitive. In moist places by
the road to Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. end of IMarch 1858. No. 4621.

LiBoNGo.— An annual, erect herb, 1 to U ft. higli, sparingly
branched ; leaves yellow, rather small for the genus. In swamps
about lakes on the left bank of the river Lifune, in company with
Ui/drocoti/le asidt/m L. (Welwitsch Herb. 020) and A-oUa jiinnata Br.
(Welwitsch Herb No. 37) ; fl. and fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 4460.

MossAMEUES. — At the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros ;
fl. and fr. end of June 185S». No. 4473. Annual herb, 1 to 2i ft.
high, erect ; abundant in moist sandy places along the banks of the
river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 4474. Flowers yellow ;
abundant in moist sandy places along the banks of the river Bero,
but not descending to the mouth of the river ; fl. and fr, July 1859.
No. 4476.

2. J. linifoUa Vulil, Eclog. Amer. ii. p. 32 (1798) ; M. Micheli,
pp. 17, 20 (1874) ; non Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 489.

/. acuminata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 343 (1849) ; C.
Wright in Joiirn. Linn. Soc. x. p. 478 (1869) ; Oliv., I.e., p. 489;
non Swartz.

MossAMKDES. — An annual, patently branched herb, a foot high ;
bloodred-purple throughout except the yellow petals ; stem leaves
and calyx rather fleshy. In damp sandy places at the mouth of the
river Bero, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. beginning of August 1859.
No. 4478.

3. J. pilosa H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. vi. p. 101, t. 532a (1823):
Oliv., I.e., p. 488 ; M. Micheli, I.e., pp. 17, 20.

Barra do Bengo. — A herb, almost shrubby, branched from the
base ; branches ascending, elongated ; flowers yellow. At the swampy
edges of the Lagua de Foto, in company with Pistia Stratiotes L. ; fl.
and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 4463.

4. J. repens L. Sp. PI. edit. i. p. 388 (1753); C. Martins,
Mem. Juss. p. 22, tt. 1-4 (186G); M. Micheli, I.e., pp. 18, 21.

,/. diftisa Forsk. Fl. ^gypt-Arab. p. 210 (1775); Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 488.

Bauka 1)1) Dande and Lip.ongo. — An apparently perennial herb,
growing by the edges of lakes and pools, sometimes prostrate and
creeping with long stolons rooting at the nodes, at other times floating
and stellate after the manner of XJtricularia stellaris L. ; branches 4 to
10 ft. long, smooth, purple, more or less straight, forming floating
meadows ; leaves rather shining ; corpuscula stellately arranged around
the nodes of the stem, linear-elliptical, spongy, soft, of a very bright
rose-colour in the living state ; flowers yellow (observed only on the
terrestrial form), rather large for the genus ; peduncles 1 to l.V in.
long, as well as the tube of the calyx woolly-hirsute. In swamps by
lakes along the banks of the rivers Lifune and Dande, especially
floating on the lake near Bombo ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 4465.

Pi'NGo Axi)(»xc;o. — In poolsnear Sansamanda, near the river Cuanza,
in company with A/ioiio(jeton Irpftixtac/ii/ti E. Mey.. sparingly ; fl. May
1857. No. 4466. A decumbent, stoloniferous, little herb, apparently

380 LVIII. ONAGRACE.E. [Jussicett

perennial, with the habit of a Ludwigia or Isnardia ; branches
ascending ; flowers of a fine yellow colour ; stamens 10. In spongy
swamps on the right bank of the river Lombe, conspicuously decorating
wide tracts of marshes with its golden flowers ; fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 4471. Flowers yellow. In spongy places within the fortified
lines of Pungo Andongo. Only one specimen, gathered in May 1857.
No. 44716.

MossAMEDES. — Stems branched at the base, elongated, ascending ;
petals large, yellow, less fugitive than in the other species. In swamps
about the river Giraul, very abundant ; fl. 19 July 1859. No. 4477.

5. J. sufFruticosa L. Sp. PI. edit. l,p. 388 (1753); M. Micheli
Onagr. Bresil, p. 23.

J. angustifolia Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 331 (1789) and 111.
Oen. ii. p. 422, t. 280, f. 3 (1793). J. villosa Lam., I.e., p. 331 ;
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 489. J. linearis WUld. Sp. PI. ii. p.
575 (1799). J'ussicea spec, Welw. Apont. p. 589, n. .76.

LoAXDA. — An undershrub, 2| to 4i ft. high ; stem erect or ascending,
purplish, patently branched in the upper half ; flowers yellow, tetra-
merous, of moderate size for the genus. In damp places by stagnant
water, Museque de Luiz Gomes, abundant ; fl. and fr. August 1856.
No. 4461. A patently branched undershrub, annual and biennial, 2 to
4 ft. high ; leaves narrow ; flowers yellow, of moderate size. In
moist places, near Museque de Luiz Gomes ; fr. August 1858. Coll.
Carp. 589.

Barra do Bengo. — An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem ascending,
hirsute, leafy ; flowers yellow. By pools near Quifandongo ; fr.
June 1857. Coll. Carp. 588.

IcoLo E Bengo. — An annual herb ; stem ascending or oblique,
rarely straight, usually branched from the base ; flowers small, yellow.
At the swampy margins of lakes near Funda, not uncommon ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1857. No. 4620.

LiBONGO. — An erect, slender, sparingly branched herb, with small,
yellowish flowers. In marshy places at the banks of the river Lifune,
near Banza de Libongo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 4468. A herb,
apparently annual ; stems very long, prostrate, purple, almost dis-
tichously branched, sarmentose ; branchlets shaggy, densely leafy,
ascending. In swamps about drying-up pools on the left bank of the
river Lifune, in company with Azolhi, etc. ; without either fl. or fr.
end of Sept. 1858. Probably a state of this species. No. 4481.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A bush ; fl. and fr. No. 4467. Herbaceous ;
stem erect, red, shaggy, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
yellow ; petals very caducous. In damp places by the river Cuango ;
fr. March 1856. Coll. Carp. 587. In marshy places by streams, near
Canaulo ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 4462.

Pungo Andongo. — An erect herb, 5 ft. high, with spreading
branches and yellow flowers. By swamps along the banks of the river
Cuanza, near Candumba ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 4469.

Mossamedes. — A herb, either Ii to 2 ft. high and nearly unbranched,
or ranging up to 4 ft. and much branched, reddish almost throughout
except the yellow flowers. By the bushy margins of the river Bero ;
fl. and fr. July and August 1859. A glabrous form. No. 4475.

The two following Nos. appear to belong to this species or to be
near it : —

Pungo Andongo. — At Calunda Mangue ; fl. and fr. March 1857.

Jussuea] lviii. onagrace^. 381

No. 4470. A prostrate annual herb ; stem purplish : leaves bright
green ; flowers deep yellow. Abundant in rice fields by the rivulet
Mic'ge near Caghuy ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1857. No. 4472.

3. ISNARDIA L. Gen. PL, edit. 1, p. 337 {ijiit. anni 1737).
Liidirhjia L. Cor. Gen. p. 3 (Oct. 1737) ; Benth. & Hook. Gen.
PI. i. p. 788.

1. I. palustris L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 120 (1753).
Isnardia (sp.) Wehv. in Journ. Linn. 8oc. v. p. 187 (1861).
Huii.LA. — At the banks of the Lopollo river : fr. Nov. 1859.

No. 4480.

2. I. prostrata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 250 (1891).
Ludwigia j)rostrata Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 11 (1814) ; Oliv. Fl.

Trop. Afr. ii. p. 491.

GoLUXGO Alto. — An undershrub, G to 7 ft. high, very mucli
branched. At the banks of the river Quiapoze ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854.
No. 4464.

MosSAMEDES. — An annual herb, branched from the base ; stems
ascending ; flowers small, yellowish, tetrandrous. In saudy damp
herbaceous places at the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros,
rather rare ; fl. andfr. in winter, July 1859. No. 4479.

Our specimens agree fairly with this species, except that in
No. 4464 the capsules range from j to Ih in. in length.

LIX. SAMYDACE^.
1. HOMALIUM Jacq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 800.

1. H. stipulaceum Welw. ex Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 498.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An evergreen tree of 15 to 30 ft. in height, or
after the burning of the foi^sts a shrub of 3 to 5 ft., and even at that
size flowering ; distinguished by very large foliaceous stipules, 1 to
1:^ in. long by 1 in. broad, and by the margins of the lamina revolute
throughout ; fruit not seen. In the more elevated primitive forests
near Sange, at the springs of Capopa, also at the base of Serra de Alto
Queta, not uncommon ; fl. Jan. 18;")(). No. 2495.

See Welw. Apont. p. 55G n. 126.

2. H. africanum Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. p. 35 (1859);
Masters, I.e., p. 497 ; Henriques in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 119 (1892).

Island of St. Thomas. — Dec. 1860. Called "Quebra machado."
No. 6756.

LX. TURNERACE^.
1. WORMSKIOLDIA Thonn. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gon. PI. i. p. 807.

1. W. lobata Urb. in Eiclil. k Garcke, Jalub.Bot. Berl. ii. p. 52
(1883); Gilg in Engl, ct Prantl, Nnt. Pflanzenfani. iii.G«, p.Gl(1893).

W. heterophj/lla Welw. Apont. p. 555 sub n. 124 {Tricliceras
raphanoides), non Thonu.

382 LX. TUBNERACE^. [WormskiolcUa

GoLUNGO Alto. — In exposed sunny places, on a clay soil, covered
with short grass, near Cambondo, rather frequently : fi. and fr. 30 Jan.
and Feb. 1855. No. 2493 (in part).

Cazengo. — In open places among short herbage, on the left bank of
the river Luinha, along the base of Serra de Muxaula, at an elevation
of 2000 ft., occasionally ; fl. and fr. 10 June 1855. No. 2493 (in part).
Coll. Carp. 591. An erect annual herb with yellow flowers. In
I'ather dry hilly places by the river Luinha ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854.
Coll. Carp. 590.

PuNGO Andongo. — In sandy pastures among low bushes, in places
flooded in the rainy season, near Candumba ; also between Caghuy and
Sansamanda, frequently; fl. and fr. Dec. 1850 and March 1857. No. 2494.

LXI. PASSIFLORE^.

This natural order in Angola does not exhibit the brilliancy and
beauty of the flowers of the American species, but rather resembles
the Cucurbitaceas {Bryonia), and is chiefly represented by the genus
Adenia ; one of them, A. lohata Engl., furnishes an edible fruit
and also supplies an anthelmintic decoction. Most of the species
are erect herbs or tall shrubs. A species of Opliiocaxdon bears
fruits as large as a pigeon's G:g^, which are eaten raw or used for
making lemonade. Welwitsch was convinced that the genera or
subgenera found in the interior of Natal, such as Tryphostemma,
etc., are also to be found in the interior of Mossamedes.

1. BASANANTHE Peyr. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 812 ;
Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 27.

1. B. nummularia Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 28, tab. 9 (1869);
Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 509.

Tryphostemmanummularium Engl. Bd). Jalirb. xiv. p. 388(1892).

Huilla. — An erect herbaceous perennial plant, 3 to 5 in. high,
remarkably resembling some violets ; corolla white, pentamerous, with
a corona. In rather moist sandy thickets about Lopollo ; fl. and fr.
Jan. and Feb. 1860, between 5200 and 5600 ft. alt., in company with
Triumfetta geoides Welw. No. 871.

2. B. littoralis Peyritsch in Mohl & Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. xvii.
(1859) p. 101 ; Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 28 (Utoralis); Masters, I.e.

Tryphostemma littorale Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiv. p. 388 (1891).

Benguella.— An undershrub or perennial herb, 2 ft. high; branches
numerous, decumbent at the base, ascending, slender, somewhat woody;
leaves lanceolate-linear ; calyx green ; petals white, very tender,
spreading in a star, fugacious, not abundant. In sandy maritime
thickets between the city of Benguella and the river Catumbella,
especially near the right bank of the stream (then dried up) Cavado
or Maribondo ; fl. and young fr. middle of June 1859. No. 872.

Engler in his Bot. Jahrb. xiv. p. 388 (1891), and Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 6«, pp. 80, 81 (1893), treat Basanantlie
as a section of Trypliostemma Harv.; the former genus, however, dates
from 18 March 1859, while the latter was not published before the
latter part of the same year.

raropsia] LXi. passiflore.e. 383

■2. PAROPSIA Noronh.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 812.

1. P. grewioides Welw. ex Masters in Oliv.Fl.Trop.Afr. ii. p. 505.

Goi.UNGo Alto. — An arborescent shrub or ;i small tree, 8 to 12 ft.
high, or even exceeding 25 ft., with a broad leafy head and the habit
of a Gnwia ; branches and branchlets erect or erect-patent, slender,
leafy, the younger ones rufous-tomentose ; leaves evergreen, sub-
coriaceous, rather rigid and glossy on both surfaces, yellowish-green,
slightly paler l)eneath, emerging from two fugacious stipules : calyx
fuscous- or cinnamon-tomentose, 5-partite ; segments valvate from the
base to the middle, imbricate towards the apex, covered on the inner
surface with yellowish-red tomentuni; petals from a pale colour turning
dark yellow, rather fleshy, less densely velvety than the sepals. Between
the petals and stamens there are placed 10 stamiuodes, rather long, rigid,
truncate, fuscous-tomentose, of which the 5 alternate ones are much
narrower than the rest. Stamens 5, inserted between the stamiuodes
and the base of the ovary, flattened at the base and gradually narrowed
upwards, dark-red : anthers cordate-sagittate, of a whitish rose colour
or almost red, 2-celled, introrsely dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary
ovoid, subsessile, densely fuscous-tomentose, 1-celled ; ovules several ;
placentas W, parietal ; styles 3, divaricate : stigmas cordate-obtuse,
white or whitish, hirsute on the back ; capsule an inch long, peduncu-
late, axillary, obovoid-clavate when not quite ripe, green outside and
beset with fuscous rigid readily caducous pilose hairs, surrounded at the
base with the remains of the calyx and corolla, obtusely umbonate at
the apex, 1-celled, H-valvcd. Seeds horizontal, with a sufficiently long
funicle, rather large, about 18 to 24, covered with whitish viscid
membranous aril. In the loftier primitive forests of Serra de Alto
Queta ; fl. beginning of Jan. 185G, sparingly in fr. 17 March 1856, and
ripe fr. April 1856. No. 873-

The following specimen in the carpological collection seems to
belong here : —

GOLUNGO Alto. — A subarborescent shrub, standing erect ; capsules
obovoid, rather more than an inch long ; seeds \ by ,j in. when dry.
€0LL. Carp. 593.

3. ADENIA Forsk. Fl. ^gypt.-Arab. p. 77 (1775).
Modecca Lam. (1797) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 813.
1. A. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiv. p. 375 (1892).
Modecca Welvntschii Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 513.

PtJNGO Andongo. — A climbing glaucous uudershrub ; leaves pal-
mately 5-lobed, with the middle lobe usually trifid; petiole biglandular
at the apex, furnished at the base on each side with a small lanceolate
nearly free stipule ; flowers axillary, unisexual, apparently strictly
dioecious, orange-red, nodding, nearly an inch long. Of the male
flowers calyx exinvolucrate, cyathiform, with a rather long gradually
widened tube, and limb cleft into 5 broadly lanceolate lobes spreading
at the time of flowering ; petals 5, lanceolate, greenish, inserted at the
middle of the calyx-tube, reaching somewhat higher than the base of
the calyx-lobes, alternating with the calyx-lobes, corona annular, con-
sisting of short very slender erect fringes ; stamens 5, springing from
the bottom of the calyx, a little higher than the petals, subexserted :
hlaments connate into a tube up to the middle, and then free, flattened,
opposite to the calyx-lobes ; anthers attached to the filaments at their

384 LXI. PASSIFLORE^. [Ade^iicc

basal sinus, erect, lanceolate-linear, subcordate at the base, with lateral
cells, that is, neither clearly introrse nor clearly extrorse ; ovary none.
In shaded places, at the borders of the forests (Mata de Pungo) of the
fortress of Pungo Andongo, rare and very sporadic ; fl. Jan., and
sparingly fr. March and May 1857. No. 864.

2. A. trisecta Engl., I.e., p. 375.
Modecca trisecta Masters, I.e., p. 514.

Pungo Andongo. — A perennial climbing herb, with a thick root-
stock and Cucurbitaceous habit ; male flowers yellow, nodding ; fruit
sub-globose, orange-coloured, glabrous, smooth, 1^ in. in diameter in
the dry state, like a small pumpkin. In sandy wooded places, between
Zamba and Cazella, on the left bank of the river Lutete, very sparingly :
male fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 863.

3. A. lobata Engl., I.e., p. 375.

M. lobata Jacq. Fragm. p. 82, t. 131 (1809) ; Masters, I.e., p. 516.

Var.elegans (Masters, Z.c.,p.517; Ficalho,Pl.Uteis,p.l85 (1884)).

GoLUNGO Alto.— A stent shrub, climbing to a great height, not
uncommonly 40 ft. or higher ; adult stem 1 in. in diameter, trigonous,
angles tubercular-crested throughout, greenish-purple ; branches and
branchlets cylindrical. Male flowers greenish-yellow, when fully
expanded exactly campanulate, of a brighter yellowish colour within.
Petals rhomboid-spathulate, with a long claw and the margin of the
limb ciliate-f ringed, alternating with the calyx-lobes, inserted on the
margin of the corona, and joining a broad membrane between each
petal and the anther-bearing disk, erect ; glands 5, large, lamelliform,
spreading, revolute in the bud ; stamens 6, with anthers subulate at
the apex, and there without pollen ; rudiment of the stigma fusiform.
At the edges of the primitive forests of Sobato de Bumba ; fl. Nov.

1855. No. 870.

The following specimens in the carpological collection seem to
belong here : —

Cazengo. — A climbing shrub ; fruit yellow, turning orange, acid-
sweetish, used for lemonade. In woods by the I'iver Luinha, July

1856. Coll. Carp. 596. A stout shrub climbing to the height of 80 ft.
Fruit capsular, as big as a pigeon's egg, yellow outside, with an agree-
able acid pulp. Near the river Luinha, July 1857. Coll. Carp. 597.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Sange, March 1856. Coll. Carp. 595. A very
tall-climbing shrub, with edible fruit. Native name " Mobiro." Coll.
Carp. 953. This connects the plant with Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 55,
n. 146 (Stems of Mobiro. — " Mobiro " or " Mobilo " or " Muvilo " is an
arborescent climber of the family of Passiflorea^ and of the genus
Aden/a, which grows abundantly in the primitive forests of Cazengo,
Golungo Alto, and Dembos, and of which the ovoid yellow fruit of
the size of a pigeon's egg produces an excellent lemonade. A decoction
of the leaves or stems is known to the native doctors as one of the best
anthelmintic remedies, especially when mixed with the rind of the
root of Mubango, Croton Muhango Miill. Arg., Welw. Herb. No. 348).
It is also used in cases of nervous or rheumatic headaches, etc., and is
known in Golungo Alto by the name of '' Cunnungando " (Pao cobra).

Another form of the native name is Mublro. The fi-uit is eaten,
and resembles that of a small Passifova ; in Cazengo a decoction of the
stems is used in cases of neuralgia of the head, just as in India a
species of the genus is employed for the same purpose.

Adenia] LXi. passiflore.e. 385

The following Nos. appear also to belong to Adenia : —
GoLUNOt) Ai.TO and Cazen<;<). — A glaucous tall-climbing herb, with
soft leaves, rather tender, membranous or a little fleshy, very quickly
becoming flaccid, very dark-green, variegated with pale-green spots ;
by the banks of the river Cuango, near the cataract of Sange, in
shaded forests ; without fl. Dec. 1S55 and Feb. 185(3. Also in Serra
de Muxaula; without tt. June 1855. Cf. ^1. Welioitsdui Engl. Xos. 795
and 795i. f^

GonN(;o Alto. — A glaucous,iwidely climbing herb ; flowers greenish-
white, small ; fruit as large as a hazel-nut, greenish when ripe ; leaves
very glaucous, with the blade marked with whitish spots, and below
pallid ; in thickets in Sobato de 3Iussengue ; fr. March 1857. Coll.
Cakp. 137. Fruit ovoid, turning bluish, as large as a walnut ; in
thickets and also in the densest forests of Quilombo ; fr. Feb. Coll.
Carp. 598.

4. OPHIOCAULON Hook. f. in Benth. &IIook. f.Gen. PI. i. p. 813.

1. 0. cissampeloides Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 518.
GoLUNGo Alto. — A shrub or undershrub widely climbing, 3 to 4 ft.

high or more, herbaceous above, hard-woody below, wholly glaucous ;
flowers rather fleshy, greenish. In the very dense primitive forests of
Sobato de Bumba, not uncommon, but rarely flowering ; fl. from Jan.
to May 185G. Xo. 866. A tall climber, shrubby ; leaves juicy-
membranous, deep green and spotted with white above, glaucous
below ; flowers yellow-greenish. Not seen in fruit in this district.
Not uncommon in the denser shaded and moist palm groves about
Sange ; fl. March IS,')!'), and not yet fl. Jan. IHotJ. No. 868-

PuNco An'doxgo. — In the primitive forest of Mata de Quilanga,
near Pungo Andongo; only one specimen ; fr. end of May 1857. No. 867-

2. 0. cynanchifolium Masters, I.e., p. 519 (ci/nanchi/oUus).
GoLUNfio Alto. — A cHmbing herb, somewhat shrubby at the base ;

lower leaves 3-lobed. In the denser forests on the eastern side of
Serra de Alto Queta, Zenza do Queta ; a young plant not yet in fl. May
and June 185(5. No. 869. Stems with leaves but without flowers, in
rather shaded and wooded stations, among the mountains of Serra de
Alto Queta, Dec. 1855. No. 869/^. A climbing herb, apparently
annual ; climbing on palms in woods near the river Cuango, at
Cacarambola ; leafy branches, Jan. 1856. No. 869c.

The specimen under this No. in Herb. Kew. appears to belong
to a different species, namely, 0. gummiferuin Mast., I.e., p. 518
{gummifer), which is perhaps only a variety of 0. cissamjjeloidss.

5. MACHADOA Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 814.

1. M. huillensis Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 29, tab. x. (1869);
Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 520.

HuiLLA. — In hilly and rather dry stations, stony and with short
bushes, at an elevation of about 500(1 ft., in company with Nescea
Unifolia "Welw. and with species of Thymela;acea3 and Iridaccae, near
Lopollo ; seen only in one spot : fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. No. 865.
Root napiform, not milky ; capsules many-seeded, 1] in. long (in the
dry state) ; placentas parietal ; seeds as in some species of Passijhrii ;
leaves linear-lanceolate. 4 to 5 in. long, somewhat fleshy ; flowers sub-
lateral. In sandy thickets near LopoUo ; very rare. Coll. Carp. 599.

25

386 Lxi. PAssiFLOREiE. [Pcissiflora

6. PASSIFLORA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 810.

1. P. edulis Sims, Bot. Mag. tab. 1989 (1818).
MossAMEDES.^ — -Cultivated under the name of " Maracuja roxo " of

St. Helena, whence it is supposed to have been imported ; fruit of the
size of a pigeon's egg (f by ^ in. when dry), containing a very sweet
pulp. It serves to furnish an excellent lemonade for use in fevers, etc.
Determination doubtful. Coll. Carp. 694.

2. P. quadrangularis L. Syst.Nat., edit. 10 (ii.) p. 1248 (1759).
Island of St. Thomas. — Called " Maracuja " ; fr. Dec. 1860.

Coll. Carp. 954.

Prince's Island. — Called " Grenadilla " ; fr. Sept. 1853. Coll.
Carp. 592.

This species is cultivated in the islands above-mentioned for the
sake of its fruits, which Welwitsch found agreeable, sweet, and rather
acid ; they are egg-shaped and as large as a man's fist, and deserve to
be cultivated throughout Angola.

Both of these species of Passiflora are of tropical American origin.
According to a manuscript note of Welwitsch, P. macrocarpu Masters
in Gardeners' Chrmicle^ 1869, p. 1012, occurs as a cultivated plant
in Angola.

LXII. CARICACE^.

1. CARICA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 815.

1. C. Papaya L. Sp. PI, edit. 1, p. 1036 (1753) ; Welw. Apont.
p. 556, n. 128. Papaya vulgaris DC. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. v.
p. 2 (1804) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p, 185 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — In secondary woods and in thickets about the sites
of deserted dwellings. Cultivated and subspontaneous. At Sange ;
fl. Jan. 1855. No. 802.

This is a beautiful tree, and has a very peculiar appearance, with its
erect and undivided trunk, large leaves grouped in a terminal fascicle,
and pendulous fruits of the size of a small melon ; it is of American
origin, and is one of the plants which the Portuguese have distributed
in the tropics and introduced for cultivation in Africa and Asia. It is
fairly frequent in Angola and the Cape de Verde Islands. The tree is
called by the Portuguese colonists ' ' Mamoeiro " and the fruit ' ' Mamao "
or sometimes " Papaya " ; the fruit is eaten raw when ripe or dressed
when unrijje and cooked in many ways for the table, and eaten with
cream or pepper or sugar as confectionery, or as sauce ; and it is of
true economic importance in some of the Portuguese colonies, as, for
instance, in St. Antonio, Cape de Verde Islands, where it enters largely
into the food of the island. The tree is frequent throughout the
mountain region of Angola, both cultivated and wild, and produces
fruit nearly all the year ; but it is rarely met with either in the
coast or highland regions, and it does not grow wild there ; it is
found in the warmer districts, in Icolo e Bengo, Cazengo, Golungo
Alto, Cambambe, Benguella, etc. Welwitsch first saw it wild in
secondary woods at Mongolo, not far from the river Chixe, in Oct.
1854. The trunk attains 10 to 20 ft. in height and then branches ;
beside its culinary uses the fruit has medicinal qualities. In a
favourable climate it bears fruit at the end of the second year, but
ordinarily not until the third or fourth year ; it is met with both
as monoecious and dioecious ; the trunk occasionally branches especially
when mutilated near the top.

Telfairia] LXiii. cucTURBITACE^e. 387

LXIII. CUCURBITACE^.

The Cucurbitacea? produce a great feature of vegetation in the
primitive forests both by tlie very varied forms of their foliage and
particularly by the beauty and brilliant colours of thoii" fruits ;
the mountainous region abounds in very fine species. The bastard
colocynth, Adenojms hreviflorus Benth., is abundant in all the
forests in the same region ; a species of Trochomeria, which is
called by the negroes " Bumba-Eiachole," furnishes in its turnip-
like root an efficacious remedy against the attacks of quinsy ; and
CuGumis chrysocomiis Schum. ornaments the sea-shore with its
handsome golden fruit. Cucumbers, melons, water-melons, bottle-
gourds, and common gourds, and their varieties are cultivated in
all the regions of Angola, although at times with bvit little satis-
factory results. Lngenaria vulgaris Ser., the Oolombro of the
Portuguese, the fruit of which is called " Binda" by the natives,
grows wild in many damp situations in the coast and moun-
tainous regions. Sechium. edule Sw., the " chocho " of the West
Indies, was recommended by Welwitsch as well worth introducing
into Angola and cultivating for the sake of its well-flavoured
fruit ; it is subspontaneous in the African island of St. Thomas,
where it is called "Pimpinella " (Welwitsch, Apont. p. 556, n. 129).

1. TELFAIRIA Hook. ■ Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 821.

1. T. pedata Hook, in Bot. Mag. tt. 2751,2752 (1 July 1827);
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 523; Cogniaux in DC.
Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 350 (1881).

Joliffea africana Bojer ex Hook., I.e., Boj. ex. Raff. Delile in
Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris iii. p. 318, t. 6 (July 1827) {Joliffia).

Mozambique Coast. — A shrubby climber ; fruit immense, 2 to 3 ft.
long. (') to 8 in. thick, containing very tasty large seeds, which the
Portuguese colonists call "castanhas de luhambane.'' The negroes of
Mozambique call the plant " cueme " or " kou^mt," and Welwitsch
recommended its introduction into Angola. Dec. 1861. Coll.
Carp. 600.

2. T. occidentalis Hook, f.. I.e., p. 524 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 351.
SiEKKA Lkone. — A herb, climbing far and widely ; leaves trifolio-

late ; corolla from whitish to sordid-i)urplish. Along fences composed
of some shrubby leafless Enphorh'ia, near Freetown, not uncommon ; fl.
at the time of the great rains, Sept. 1803. No. 823-

2. TROCHOMERIA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i.
p. 822. lleterosicijos Welw. ex. Hook, f.. I.e.

1. T. vitifolia Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 525 ;
Cogn., I.e., p. 396; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 186 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the drier exposed bushy rocky situations at the
base of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sparingly and sporadic :
male fl. March 185('> : fr. Oct. No. 793- A herb, grass-green through-
out inclusive even of the flowers ; producing every year from the very
large underground or half underground tuber slender subvoluble
tendi-illed sparingly leafy runners, 4 to 7 ft. long ; flowers mostly male ;

388 LXiii. cuouRBiTACE/E. [Trochomerici

calyx tubular, at the base including the abortive ovary ; corolla-lobes 5,
lanceolate-linear, very acuminate, reflexed at the time of flowering,
longer than the calyx-tube ; stamens 3, arising from the middle of the
calyx-tube ; anthers straight, oblong-ellipsoidal, vertically approximated
at the bare back : connective produced at the apex, blackish-glandular ;
ovary rudimentary, elongate-ovoid, shortly 3-lobed at the apex ; lobes
apparently stigmatose. In open dry bushy places among the mountains
of the Eastern Queta ; at Carengue ; male fl. 19 Sept. 1856. Native
name " Bumba Riachole." No. 793&. A dioecious plant, flowering
sometimes without the leaves, at other times with the leaves, remark-
ably polymorphous : rootstock napiform, half subterranean, wh^n
fully developed as large as a child's head, in high repute among the
negroes as an excellent remedy in the form of a powder in cases of the
disease called by them Ribebo, that is, a form of quinsy or carbuncle.
On rocky slopes among low bushes at the base of Serra de Alto
Queta near the river Luinha, sporadic nearly throughout the district,
but become scarce on account of the tubers being eagerly searched for
by the negroes : female fl. April to Aug., fr. Sept. 1855. Native
name " Bumbo-Riaxole." No. 793c". In an open stony mountainous
place among grasses and low shrubs, near Sange ; very rare, only one
specimen seen, female fl. and young fr. April 1866. Called " Bumba
Riachole." No. 798.

This is the plant referred to by Welw. Apont. p. 556 under n. 129,
as belonging to a near genus. It occurs also, but not abundantly, in
the district of Ambaca and at the Milongo country.

2. T. macrocarpa Hook, f., I.e., p. 524; Cogn., I.e., p. 398.
Var. bracteata Cogn., I.e., p. 399.

GoLTJNGO Alto. — Climbing amid very tall grasses ; leaves bright-
green, comparatively fleshy : male flowers greenish. In rough moun-
tainous situations, with tall bushes, near Camilungo ; only one specimen
in male fl. seen in April 1856 ; female plant searched for without
success, but in June a tuber found which had been got by the negroes
at the same locality. No. 794.

This is the plant mentioned by Hooker, he, p. 525, as differing from
the type of this species.

PuNGO Andongo. — Whole plant bright-green, partly climbing, some-
times decumbent ; rootstock tuberous ; young fruit greenish or some-
what yellowish. In the more open thickets of the fortress of Pungo
Andongo, very scarce ; young fr. March 1857. No. 797-

Var. Welwitschii Cogn., I.e., p. 399; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 186
(1884).

Pungo Andongo. — Rootstock perennial, napiform, with drastic
qualities, stems very slender, elongated, scandent or decumbent ; leaves
bright-green : flowers yellow-greenish. In rather dry wooded places
between the river Lutete and the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; only
one .specimen seen, with male fl., Oct. 1856. Native name "Bumba
Ria Chala." No. 796.

3. T. polymorpha Cogn., I.e., p. 401.

IleUrosicyos polymorjiha Welw. in Trans. Linn. See. xxvii. p. 34
(1869); Hook f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 526.

HuiLLA. — Seeds in some cases bisulcate on one side and trisulcate on
the other. On exposed rocky hills amidst short bushes, near LopoUo,
^t an elevation of 5000 ft., very sparingly, in company with Iridege and

Trochomeria] LXiii. cucurbitace^. 380

three species of Gnidht, also with the next species : H. and fr., Nov. and
Dec. 18.".'.t. No. 804.

4. T. stenoloba Cogn., i.e., p. 402.

Ueterosicjjos stenoloba Welw., I.e., p. 34, J look, f,, I.e., p. 526.

HuiLL.\. — Corolla wine-yellow. On exposed rocky hills amidst
short bushes, near Lopollo, at an elevation of 5000 ft., only a few
specimens seen, in company with the last species and with species of
(hi'nlta and Euphorbiaccse ; male 11. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 805-

3. PEPONIA Naud. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 823.

1. P. lagenarioides Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 527;
Cogn. in IX'. Mouogr. Phan. iii. p. 408 (1881).

HuiLLA. — A prostrate or decumbent annual or biennial herb, with
the habit of Laijcnaria vulgaris Ser. ; stem angular ; leaves large,
reniform, sub-lobed, denticulate, softly flaccid ; petiole without a
gland, peduncles very long ; flowers whitish-yellow or white,
monoecious : 1 to li in. long ; stamens triadelphous ; young fruit
oblong-ellipsoidal ; nearly ripe fruit oblong-cylindrical, 2 to 4 in
long, 1 to li in. in transverse diameter, smooth, slightly ribbed
longitudinally^ from orange to scarlet outside ; flesh like that of
cucumber iu smell ; seeds black. On elevated, rough, uncultivated,
bushy slopes in Morro de Monino, near Lopollo, at an elevation of
about 5400 ft., sparingly : fl. and young fr. Feb., ripe fr. May 1860.
No. 815. An annual climbing herb, with long shoots spreading
diffusely in all directioTis ; leaves large, more or less reniform ; flowers
yellow : fruit cylindric-ellipsoidal, obtuse at both ends, yellowish-
scarlet when ripe, non-operculate, 3-celled ; seeds black, enveloped in
a hyaline mucilaginous aril. In exposed wooded places at an elevation
of about 5500 ft., in Morro de Lopollo ; seeds, 24 May 1860. Coll.
Carp. 45.

4. ADENOPUS Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 823.

1. A. breviflorus Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 372 (1849);
Hook. f. iu Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 528 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogi-.
Phan. iii. p. 412 (1881).

LoAXDA. — A more or less glandular-shaggy, apparently annual, herb,
with the hal)it not unlike that of Ldfjcnufia vuhjariH Ser., running far
in the sea-sands among grasses and Ipnuiwa carnosa Br. and /. biloba
Forsk. ; flowers whitish ; between Penedo and Concei(,'ao, very rare ;
fl. beginning of ■March 1855. A climbing, scentless herb; leaves
Ijright-green, rather glossy, scabrid, with two opposite conical glands
at the insertion of the petiole ; flowers dioecious, white, large : calyx
of the male flowers clavate-tubular, limb short, lobes subulate, uncinate-
re flexed ; petals broadly obovate-spathulate, densely hirsute inside on
the claw, lamina thickly nerved, crisp on the margin ; stamens tria-
delphous, inserted a httle below the middle of the caly.x-tube : anthers
cohering in a compact cylinder '^ in. long.'muticons, very long, gyrose-
plicate, white : on the drier hills, among short bushes above the city
of Loanda, by the road towards Maianga ; male H. 21 April 1858.
Stem and petioles angular ; leaves rough, rather hard, rigid, deep-
green above, pale-green beneath, delicately veiny between the nerves,
perfectly 7-lobed or 5-lobed, the basal lobes being more or less
confluent : petiole with two oi)posite glands at the ape.x : the glands
ovoid-conical, fleshy, turgid, rather hard, subulate-acuminate, rather

390 Lxiii. cucuRBiTACE/E. \Adenopvs

shining ; in exposed uncultivated hilly places at Alto das Cruzes ;
flowers dioecious, the female ones solitary, on angular pedicels ^ to
1 in. long ; calyx ovoid-elliptical, limb 5-partite ; lobes fleshy, thick,
subulate, bi- glandular at the base and with another thick fleshy large
ovoid-conical acute gland at the middle or towards the apex, all these
glands resembling laciniate leaflets ; petals 5, a little smaller than in
the male flower, inserted around the throat of the calyx-limb, obovate-
spathulate, white, rather fleshy, entire, crisp and more or less inflexed
on the margin, pervaded by thick green nerves, apiculate, the middle
nerve produced and with several glands at the apex ; ovary ellipsoidal-
ovoid, inferior, 3-celIed ; placentas parietal, many-ovuled, thinly hoary-
tomentose all over ; style cylindrical, trifid ; stigmas 3, thickened,
deeply bilobed, obtuse, connivent. sordid-yellow; lobes erect, somewhat
inflexed at the apex ; rudiments of the stamens 3, acutely conical,
opposite the petals, whitish, smooth, subulate ; female fl. 14 July 1858.
Berry at first ellipsoidal, densely beset with rigid hyaline hairs, as it
ripens becoming more or less globose, glossy-green, variegated with
elongated horizontal white spots, hard, 3 to 4 in. in diameter, with a
white very bitter flesh. In rugged places at the j^alace ; female fl.,
28 Aug. 1858. A dioecious apparently perennial herb, extensively
climbing or procumbent to a great distance, rough ; stem softly
pubescent, obtusely angular-furrowed, flexuous, 5 to IG ft. long ;
tendrils bifid, the two branches very unequal ; leaves palmately lobed,
rather rough on both faces, deep-green above, pale-green beneath ;
furnished at the insertion of the petiole with two opposite conical fleshy
black-gi-een shining subulate glands, which are ^V in- long ; petiole
an inch long. Female flowers axillary, on a peduncle as long as
or a little longer than the petiole ; calyx-tube elongate-ovoid, velvety-
hoary, almost tomentose, adnate to "the ovary ; limb superior, very
deeply 5-cleft, lobes from a broad base abruptly subulate, trifid, all
the segments biglandular at the base with glands of the same shape
as those at the apex of the petiole : petals crisp on the entire
inflexed margin, whitish ; style short, white ; stigma coroniform, with
three deeply bifid very thick yellow obtuse erect-spreading or almost
connivent lobes ; rudiments of the stamens 3, subulate from a broad
base, gland-like, scarcely longer than xV in. ; ovary 6-celled. Berry
perfectly spherical, umbilicate with the remains of the calyx-limb,
when immature about 3 in. in diameter, bright-green, variegated with
densely crowded white spots, filled with a white firm very bitter
flesh, 6-celled, many-seeded, usually even when quite ripe keeping a
whole year in an unaltered state without decaying ; seeds ovate-
lanceolate, truncate at the base, surrounded by an obtuse thickened
border. In hilly bushy places near Loanda, rather rare : fl. and young
fr. Aug. 1858. Negro name " Ditanga-Sese," Coloquintida bastarda.
No. 852. Ripe seeds of the Coloquintida bastarda (Pseudo-Colo-
cynthis). Coll. Carp. 606.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A dark-green dioecious herb, very widely climbing;
flowers white, very fragrant by night. Very abundant and nearly
everywhere in thickets at the skirts of forests, especially about Sange,
flowering in the rainy season, fruiting in winter ; fl. and fr. Sept.
1855 and March 1856 ; also in half -shady rich soils between Sange and
Undelle, female fl. March 1856. No. 853. Climbing in masses ; fruit
31 to 4 in. in diameter. Sange ; fr. 1855. " Pseudo-coloquinta."
Coll. Carp. 607. Flowers large, white, rather fleshy ; fruit globose,
as large as a very big orange, greenish-white, variegated with spots.
Everywhere climbing in dense thickets, near Sange, etc. ; fl. from

Adenojms] LXiii. cucuRBiTACEiK. 391

March to June, fr. Oct. 1856. The "coloquinta" of the shops.
Coll. Caki'. 14G.

M(>ssAMi;ni:s. — In a sandy bushy place at the banks of the river
Bero, Mata dos Carpenteiros ; only one plant seen, in young fr.
Aug. 1859. No. 811.

Prince's Island. — In thickets at the skirts of forests near Bahia
de Santo Antonio, abundant; sparingly in fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 851.

5. EUREIANDRA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 825.

1. E. fomosa Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 825,
and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 533 {Eunjandra formosa) ; Cogn.,
I.e., p. 415.

GoLUNCio Alto. — A rough dioecious herb, chmbing on trees to a
considerable height, remarkable for its large golden-yellow flowers;
male flowers very large, deep-yellow. Female flowers smaller than
the male ; stamens 5, sterile, bearded, free or combined at the extreme
base : ovary cylindrical, many-ovuled ; style proportionately long,
trifid ; stigmas thick, papillose, broadly obcordate ; ripe fruit 3 in.
long, 1 in. thick, cylindric-fusiform, at first dusky-green and covered
with scattered warts, soon turning beautifully scarlet and beset with
white persistent warts, many-seeded ; seeds black, almost spherical,
pea-shaped. By the taller dense apparently secondary thickets along
the base of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ; fl. March
and beginning of Dec. 1855 ; fr. June 1856. No. 807. Leaves thinly
coriaceous ; seeds like pepper. Near Ponte de Luiz Simoes, June
1856. Coll. Cakp. 603.

PuNCxO Andongo. — A slender high-climbing herb, at length hanging
down a long distance ; stem and tendrils somewhat reddish : leaves
herbaceous-membranous, very bright green ; flowers large, yellow.
At the skirts of the primitive forest between Pungo Andongo and
Candumba : only one specimen, in male fl. April 1857. No. 819.

6. LAGENARIA Seringe ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 823.

1. L. vulgaris Seringe in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. iii. pars 1,
p. 25, t. 2 (1825) ; Welw. Apont. p. 556, sub n. 129 ; Hook. f. in
Oliv. El. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 529 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Plian. iii.
p. 417 (1881) ; Ficalho PI. Uteis, p. 186 (1884).

LoANDA AND Barra DO Bfa'go. — An annual herb, 8 ft. high, pros-
trate procumbent or scandent far and widely, viscid-shaggy, strongly
musk-scented ; stem flexuous, rather thick ; lobes of the leaves long-
cuspidate ; petiole at the insertion of the leaf-blade furnished with
two opposite conical green glands ; tendrils almost always bifid, not
8 to 4-clef t : flowers axiUary, fasciculate or soUtary, monoecious, white
or whitish ; fruit pear-shaped, with a long neck, of great economic
use to the negroes. In sandy bushy places at the margins of streams
near Quicuxe and towards Cacuaco ; fl. and young fr. beginning of
Sept. 1858. Male flowers on somewhat longer peduncles than the
female. Calyx of the female flowers campanulate, adnate to the
ovary, lobes of the limb linear : corolla white, pervaded by thick green
nerves ; lobes of the corolla obovate, entire, crisp-involute on the
margin, with long villous hairs especially inside at the base. Immature
berry obovoid-pyriform, green, glabrous, smooth, 4A in. long, :i in.
in transverse diameter, lO-furrowed, obtusely Kl-ribbed, white-fleshy
inside, 3 (or 8ub-6) celled ; flesh not turning bitter ; placentas
parietal, 2 in each cell, from the beginning separated by a membrane

392 LXiii. cucuRBiTACE^. [Lcigenavia

between them and thus making the fruit quasi 6-celled ; seeds
ovate-lanceolate. On the sandy shore between Penedo and Concei9ao,
rather rare : fl. and young fr., one specimen, beginning of Aug. 1858.
At the banks of the river Bengo ; fr. Dec. 1853. In moist thickets
along streams and in immense quantity at the banks of the river
Bengo and near Quicuxe ; also in maritime sandy sparingly grassy
places between Penedo and Conceigao ; quite wild and abundant ; fl.
beginning of March 1858. No. 854.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A herb, climbing to a great distance ; flowers
white. Very frequently cultivated and often wild, at the bushy grassy
banks of streams near Sange ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1856 ; and near
Bango, fr. July 1857. Native name " Binda," which is used also for
different varieties. A variety with small fruit, L. microcarpa Naud. in
Rev. Hort. 1855, p. 65 cum fig. It is difficult to decide whether this
plant is indigenous here, but it is certain, according to Mariano, one of
Welwitsch's informants on such matters, that the Binda was in
frequent use among the negroes long before the conquest of the
country by the Portuguese. The variety with oblong fruit, which is
not bitter, is called in the trade by the negroes "Dinhungo," and is
eaten like the " Abobora branca," the Portuguese name of this species
in Portugal. No. 859 and Coll. Carp. 143.

HiTiLLA. — An annual or biennial herb, occasionally dioecious, some-
times monoecious, the whole plant musk-scented ; stem angular ; leaves
nearly undivided or somewhat lobed, unequally crenate-denticulate ;
petiole rather long, with two opposite glands at the insertion of
the leaf-blade ; tendrils bifid ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ;
petals obovate, narrowed at the base, not acute at the apex but
acuminate in the middle ; fruit flask-shaped, at the neck much shorter
and thicker than in the forms cultivated in Europe, eaten by the negroes
and recent colonists, when dry used for many domestic purposes and
serving instead of the shells of ostrich eggs. Everywhere wild about
dwellings, but the true home unknown (as is the case with the majority
of the most useful plants). Near Lopollo, Ohai, Humpata, etc. :
Lopollo, male fl. 2 April 1860. An edible variety. No. 860.

7. ACANTHOSICYOS Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i.p. 824.

1. A. horrida Welw. ex Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 824,
and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 31, tt. xi. xi.A (1869); Hook,
f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 531 ; Cogn. in DC, Monogr. Phan.
iii. p. 419 (1881) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 187 (1884).

MossAMEDES. — A very singular shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, repeatedly
branched, with its decumbent-ascending very ramulose and highly
intricate branches forming Little mounds 10 to 15 ft. in diameter at
the base, covered by degrees with blown sand 5 to 10 ft. high, gummy ;
habit not very different from that of Asparagus stipvlaris Forsk. in
Portugal ; stems green-glaucous, cylindrical, sulcate-striate, very
tenacious, flexible, much branched ; branches and the somewhat shaggy
branchlets furnished at the base on both sides with a spinescent
stipule ; leaves apparently wanting or very deciduous ; flower-buds
green outside, greenish-yellow inside ; calyx-lobes 5, unequal or some-
times equal, ovate, acute. In sandy deserts between Porto de
Pinda and Banza de Caroca, S. Lat. 16°, abundant ; not yet in full
flower, beginning of Sept. 1859. Called by the negroes " Nara,"
" M-nara," or " Naras." No. 806.

Namaqua Land. — Collected by A. B. Wollaston. Coll. Carp. 602.

Eajjhanocarpns] LXiii. cuCL'iiBiTACE/E. 393

8. RAPHANOCARPUS Hook. f. in Hook. Ic PI. t. I(i84 (1871).
1. R. Welwitschii Hook, f., I.e., and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.

p. 541 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 427 (1881).

MossAMKDES. — A prostrate, much-branched, monoecious, annual
herb : leaves cordate ; flowers of a bright and deep orange colour ;
peduncle of the male flowers adnate to the petiole ; ovary slender,
elongated, crowned with the calyx-segments. In an exposed sandy
place at the banks of the river Bero ; only one plant seen ; fl. July
isf)'!. No. 790.

9. MOMORDICA T'ouni., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 825.
1. M. cissoides Planch, ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 370

(1849); Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 535; Cogn. in DC.
Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 430 (1881).

GoLUNGo Alto. — An extensively climbing herb, apparently dioecious,
with the habit of a Chsna ; leaves deep-green, glossy, rather rigid ; in
the male flowers calyx deeply 5-cleft, with green segments and dusky
tube ; petals 5, obovate-oblong, very obtu.se, milk-white, marked
inside at the base with a digitate black-purple spot ; stamens 3 or
rather triadelphous, one usually bearing only one anther, the other two
bearing two anthers on the bifurcate connective ; pollen bright-orange ;
fruit like a small hen's egg in size and shape, very densely echinate
with long soft prickles, of an orange or orange-scarlet colour when
ripe. By fences and thickets along the base of the mountains of Serra
de Alto Queta ; fl. and young fr. 9 Dec. 1855 ; near Pontc de Felix
Sim5es, fr. Feb. 1855. No. 820.

2. M. Welwitschii Hook, f., I.e., p. 538; Cogn., I.e., p. 435.

MossAMKDF.^!. — In sandy places among short bushes along the
banks of the river Bero, by no means abundant ; fl. and young fr.
UJunelSGU. No. 787.

3. M. Charantia L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1009 (1753); Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 272 (1852) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 537 ;
Cogn., I.e., p. 436 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 188 (1884).

Var. /?. abbreviata Seringe in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 311 (1828);
Cogn., I.e., p. 437.

LoANDA. — A herb, widely scandent or prostrate, pol^-morphous in
fruit and foliage. In the drier bushy pastures, principally in sandy
places, near Penedo and throughout the district, abundant ; fl. and fr.
March 1854 and April 1858. No. 785. In sandy pastures at Penedo,
in company with Sousa ; seeds, Sept. 18G0. C(»i>L. Cakt. 44.

G(»M'N(;o Alto. — A green subglaucous herb, widely difl'use or
climbing on low shrubs ; fruit as large as a pigeon's egg, red-orange,
pyramidately acuminate, angular, with warted or crested angles ; by
thickets in exposed places near Camilungo ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1856.
No. 786. Differing from the common forms by the leaves lieing hairy
along the nerves ; in rocky woody places in Sobato de Quilorabo-
(iuiacatubia, at an altitude of 2400 ft. ; fl. April 1855. No. 7866.
A widely cUmljing herl) : stem furrowed, angular ; leaves grass-green,
rough, subglaucous beneath ; in primitive forests at the spring of
Quibolo, at the base of Serra de Alto Queta : without fl. or fr.
19 March 185G. Apparently this species. No. 836.

MossAMEiJKS. — An annual or biennial herb, very extensively climb-
ing or sometimes prostrate ; flowers pale-yellowish or yellow ; fruit of

394 LXiii. cucuRBiTACE^. [Mo7nordica

a brilliant orange colour, always softly echinate ; very abundant at
the sandy banks of the river Giraul and rarer by the river Bero ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. More abundant than M. Wclwitschii Hook. f.
No. 788.

Cape de Verde Islands. — In sandy maritime places near Villa da
Praya in the island of Santiago ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 789.

4. M. Balsamina L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 1009 (1753) ; Hook, f., I.e.,
in Oliv. p. 537 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 439.

Benguella. — Cultivated from Portuguese seeds, June 1860. Portu-
guese name " Balsamina conica da pequena." Seeds. Coll. Carp. 604.

5. M. multiilora Hook, f., I.e., p. 540 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 449.
GoLUNGO Alto. — A high-climbing deep-green herb, apparently

monoecious. In moist forests at the river Moio (Muio) in Sobato de
Quilombo-Quiacatubia, rare ; in unopened fl. and young fr. July
1856. On Musondo {Pseudo^pondias microcarpa Engl.). No. 843.

6. M. Schimperiana Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, p. 23
(1866) ; Cogn., I.e., p. 453.

M. eueullata Hook. f. in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 538.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual, bright-green, monoecious herb, ex-
tensively and intricately climbing on shrubs, but to no great height ;
sometimes spreading over the ground ; runners very long, intricate ;
petiole winged-channelled, broad, decurrent on the acutely angular
stem ; involucre of the male flowers boat-shaped ; flowers white or on
weak individuals almost of a citron-sulphur colour, coloured at the
bottom with velvety-purple spots ; calyx hispid, black ; petals obovate-
oblong, some a little narrower than the rest, at the time of flowering
spreading in a campanulate form, from whitish to very pale sulphur-
colour or almost milk-white, the three opposite to the triadelphous
stamens marked inside at the base with a black varnished-glossy spot,
all moreover yellow at the base inside ; stamens 5, triadelphous ;
fruit oblong, as large as a hen's or goose's egg, deep-yellowish, clothed
with long soft bristles of the same colour or brilliantly scarlet turning
to orange-vermilion. By thickets in hilly situations among the
mountains of Alto Queta, not uncommon, fl. and young fr. March 1856 ;
along the base of the mountains of Queta, male fl. beginning of
Dec. 1855. No. 809. Flowers sulphur-yellow, atropurpureous at the
bottom ; berry as large as a goose's egg, 3-valved, densely beset with
long soft cinnabar-orange prickles. Near Sange, Jan. 1856 ; seeds.
Doubtfully identified. Coll. Carp. 151.

10. LUFFA Toiirn., L., Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 823.

1. L. aegyptiaca Mill. Card. Diet. edit. 8 (1768); Hook. f. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 530 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 187 (1884).

L. cylindrica Roem. Syn. fasc. 2, p. 63 (1846); Cogn. in DC,
Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 456 (1881).

Cazkngo. — A handsome herb, climbing high on shrubs ; fruit
cylindrical when young and quite green. In moist wooded situations
with tall bushes near Palmira, very sparingly ; fl. and young fr.
Dec. 1854. No. 818.

Golungo Alto. — Flowers said to be monoecious, but the individual
plants seen by Welwitsch were usually wholly female. Stems
acutely angular ; peduncles of the male flowers sulcate-angular, 8 in.

Luffci] LXIII. CUCURBITACE/E. 395

long, flattened towards the apex ; bracts beset outside with large
circular glands ; corolla 5-partite nearly to the base, beset on the inner
face with long thin hairs which are more densely crowded at the
base ; corolla-segments of the male flowers obovate, obtuse, abruptly
acuminate, 1] inch long, slightly crenate-wavy on the margin, per-
vaded with 3 thick nerves which form as many furrows on the inner
face : female flower always smaller than the male ones, with petals
scarcely A in. long. On the drier slopes near Sange, extensively
running along the ground amidst grasses and low shrubs ; fl. June
and July ; fr. Nov. 1855. No. 800. Flowers monoecious ; fruit half
a span long, cylindrical, but little vontricose in the middle, dry, sub-
angular, operculate at the top. In thickets near Sange ; fr. July 1857.
Coll. Cakp. 148. A widely climbing herb ; seeds ; Coll. Carp. GDI.

11. CUCUMIS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 826.

1. C. angolensis Hook. f. ex Cogn. in DC, Monogr. Phan. iii.
p, 487 (1881). Cucumis (sp.), Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 547.

MossAMED?:s. — A polymorphous plant. In sandy bushy places at the
banks of the river Bero (Charneca da boca do Bero) ; fl. and young
fr. July and August 1859. No. 631.

2. C. sagittatus Peyritscb ex Wawra & Peyr. in Sitz. Ber.
Wien, xxxviii. No. 25, p. 567 (1860) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 546; Cogn.,
I.e., p. 488.

MossAMEDKS. — Variable as to the shape and hairiness of the leaves.
Fruit 2 in. long by 8 in. thick. In gravelly places with scanty herbage,
along the banks of the river Bero ; sparingly in fr. July 1859. No. 830.

3. C. Welwitschii Cogn., I.e., p. 490.

C. hirsutics Hook, f., I.e., p. 546 (partly), non Sond.

Ambaca. — A dioecious herb with tuberous perennial rootstock,
decumbent or climbing stems, yellowish flowers, and strigose-hirsute
ovary, but smooth fruit. In sandy wooded places, the trees chiefly
consisting of Ediinodiacint or some allied genus (cf. A iiurimnon iiHididnm
O. Kuntze ; Welw. Herb. No. 1885), between the river Lucala and
Zamba, at an elevation of 3000 ft. sparingly ; fl. and young or nearly
ripefr. Oct. ISoO. No. 803.

4. C. longipes Hook, f., I.e., p 547 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 491.
Lu.\NDA. — An annual procumbent herb : the stem and very long

branches acutely angular ; flowers monoecious, deep-yellow, the female
ones on remarkably long peduncles ; ripe fruit as large as a pigeon's
egg, fleshy-juicy, with the scent and flavour of a cucumber, greenish-
glaucescent outside, echinate with short, herbaceous, rather rigid,
subobtuse prickles. In sandy maritime places at Praia de Zamba
Grande, also at the back of the city of Loanda ; fl. and fr. end of August
1858. No. 848. Fruit as large as a good-sized walnut, echinate and
of a deep sulphur colour outside. In sea sands about Loanda ; fr.
March 1854 and again in 1858. This must be compared with the
next species. Coll. Carp. 605.

Cazengo. — A rough, much branched, prostrate herb, with long
runners ; fruit-peduncle 3.V in. long ; young fruit elHpsoidal, green,
2 in. long, 1^ in. thick, as large as a small hen's egg. In dry stony
places at the banks of the river Luze. among sparse herbage : sporadic;
young fr. Dec. 1854. No. 834.

396 Lxiii, cucuRBiTACE^. [Cucv/mis

GoLUNGO Ar.TO. — A prostrate, flaccid herb, running a longdistance ;
flowers monoecious, yellow ; fruit oblong-ellipsoidal, when ripe pale
yellow, li to 1| in. long, smooth, without prickles. In secondary
thickets at Quibixe in Sobato de Bumba, uncommon ; fl. and young fr.
beginning of June 1856. No. 846.

The presence of prickles on the fruit in No. 848 throws doubt on the
distinctness of this from the next species.

5. C. chrysocomus Schum. in Dansk. Vid. Selsk. iv. p. 201 (1829) ;
Welw. Apont. p. 556 sub n. 129, and p. 589, n. 63 {chrysocarjxi).

G.ficifoUus A. Rich. FI. Abyss, i. p. 294 (1847), t. 53 his;
Cogn., I.e., p. 493. C. Figarei Delile in Cat. Hort. Monsp. ex Naud.
in Ann. So. Nat., ser. 4, xi. p. 16 (1859) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 543.

Var. echinophorus (Naud.).

LoANDA. — An annual herb, running out a long distance ; flowers
yellow ; fruit as large as a pigeon's egg or usually larger, echinate with
herbaceous prickles, sulphur-golden-yellow when ripe, handsome,
tasting like cucumber. On the sandy sea shore near Penedo and Praia
de Zamba Grande, abundant ; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1858 (also
more frequently in the years 1853 and 1854, but the specimens
destroyed). No. 847. Annual ; stems spreading along the ground ;
leaves pinnatifid-lobed ; fr. 1^ to If in. long, obtusely ellipsoidal, of a
deep sulphur-golden colour, echinate with long prickles ; Cacuaco, fr.
August 1858. Coll. Carp. 149.

The three following Nos. are perhaps varieties of this species,
but the first must be compared with the next following species : —

MossAMEDES. — In the sandy desert along the sea coast, between Cabo
Negro and Mossamedes, at Cazimba, sparingly ; female fl., 3 Sept.
1859. No. 821. Flowers yellow. A young prostrate specimen in a
moist sandy place, not far from the bank of the river Bero, sporadic,
perhaps more abundant in summer ; not yet in good fl., in winter,
July 1859. No. 835.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An annual prostrate herb ; leaves pedatifid-
laciniate, rough ; fruit as large as a small hen's egg, ellipsoidal, yellow :
flowers not seen. In neglected plots of cultivation near Sange ; seeds,
summer of 1857. Coll. Carp. 129.

Ambriz. — Capital de Ambriz " Maxiche'." Coll. Carp. 150.

Welwitsch in Apont. p. 556 under n. 129 states that Cucumis africanus
]j. f. is seldom cultivated in Angola, and is called " Machiche " : with
reference to this statement Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 190, remarks that
this South African species has no qualities to recommend it for
cultivation, but that the name Machiche is given to the Brazilian
G. Anguria L., and that this is more probably the species intended by
Welwitsch. It is possible that C. longipes Hook f. was intended.

6. C. prophetamm L. Cent. i. Plant, p. 33. n. 97 (1755); Hook,
f.. I.e., 545; Cogn., I.e., p. 495.

Benguella. — A prostrate annual herb, stretching out a long way
in the blown sand ; fruit ellipsoidal H in. long, smooth, sordid-yellow
(spotted all over with yellow), marked with sordid-red (or white and
green) bands. In maritime sandy places near the city of Benguella ;
only mutilated specimens found ; male fl. and fr. latter part of June
1859. No. 829. An annual herb running on the ground, almost entirely
destroyed and only the fruits met with ; fruit as large as a good-sized
walnut or as a small hen's egg, ellipsoidal-globose, turning yellow,

CuCimiis] LXIII. CUCL'RBITACE.t:. 397

marked with whitish rather broad longitudinal streaks and green and
yellow spots, 3-celled ; seeds, 19 June, 1859. Coll. Caki'. 76.

M(>s.SAMEDES. — An annual much-branched herb, very widely diffuse,
prostrate ; flowers yellow : fruit ellipsoidal, as large as a walnut,
turning yellow, beset all over with herbaceous prickles and marked
above with longitudinal brown-purple bands. In the gravelly beds of
dried up streams in the desert between Cabo Negro and A Cazimba,
in the region of the sea-coast ; fr. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 828.

7. C. metuliferus E. Mey. ex Schrad. in Linna'a xii. p. 406
(1838); Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, xi. p. 10 (1859); Hook,
f., I.e., p. 543 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 499.

Ambriz. — In sandv thickets at the river Quizembo, near Quizembo ;
male fl. Nov. 1853. No. 839.

GoLUNCio Alt( I. — Fruit from yellow-orange to cinnabar-red, echinate
with black-green or glaucescent spines. In bushy wooded places at the
banks of the river (^)uiapoze, near Sange : fl. and nearly ripe fr. June
and Aug. 1850. No. 850. A herb, climbing far and high, with yellow
flowers. At the borders of forests in wooded hilly places in Sobato de
Mussengue ; fl. May 1856. No. 850i.

PuN(!<> Andongo. — Scandent in secondary woods by the denser
thickets between Candumba and Calundo-Caquette ; young fr. Jan.
1857. No. 825.

8. C. dipsaceus Ehrenb. in Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. vi. p.
211 (1838) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 543 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 500'

LoANDA and Icolo e Bengo. — An annual prostrate herb, with the
habit almost of C. Jfein L. ; flowers monoecious ; corolla gamopetalous,
campanulate, yellow ; stamens 3 ; anthers sinuous-linear, adnate to the
connective on the outer side below its apex - ovary in the male flowers
rudimentary, in the female floAvers cylindric-oblong, thinly tomentose.
In waste places in the city of Loanda ; fl. and fr. middle of July 1858,
wild. In sandy places by the river Bengo, at Foto, etc., Sept. 1857.
No. 849.

Welwitsch states that the plant is frequently cultivated in gardens
near the river Bengo : with reference to this statement Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 189 (1884). considers that there may have been some con-
fusion between this species and wild forms of C. Mcl<> L. : this is the
more probable, inasmuch as Welwitsch included under the same No.
a specimen from Imbondeiro dos Lobos, in the same district, cultivated
26 March 1858, which he called C. Melo L.

9. C. subsericeus Hook, f., I.e., p. 545; Cogn., I.e., p. 506.
PuNGo Andongo. — Seeds surrounded by a thickened border. In

sandy bushy places at the banks of the river Cuanza, sporadic ; fl. and
fr. March 18."»7. Also a weaker specimen in rocky rough places near
Sansamanda. No. 838.

12. COLOCYNTHIS L. Syst. edit. 1 (1735); Tourn. exQuer, Fl.
Espan. iv. p. 389 t. 54 (1764). Citrullus Forsk. (1775); Eentli.
& Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 826.

1. C. amarissima 8cbrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Cotting. p. 2 (1833).
Ctocurhita Citrvlhfs T.. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. lOlO (1753). Citrullvs
vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyli. Enum. PI. Afr. Austr. (parsii.)
p. 279 (1836) ; Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 549 ; Cogn. in

398 LXiii. cucuRBiTACEyE. [Colocynthis

DC.Monogr.Phan.iii.p.508(188"l); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 190(1884).
Colocynthis Citrullus O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 256 (1891).

LoANDA. — A prostrate annual herb, scarcely glaucous ; branches very
long ; flowers monoecious, small, yellow ; fruit ellipsoidal, greenish,
variously spotted, half the size of an orange or as large as one, not
quite good in flavour. In sandy places and sandy clay among short
bushes, also in waste places, throughout the district, especially between
Camama and Catumba, abundant and indeed wild ; fl. and young fr.
July 1858. Also a form with acutely-lobed leaves, in the sandy desert
near Camama, at the beginning of Aug. 1858. No. 858. Fruit woolly
when young, nearly glabrous when ripe, eaten by the negroes. In
sandy places, cultivated or neglected, and in gravelly fields, along the
sea coast, not uncommon : Praia de Zamba grande, Maiango do Povo,
fl. and young fr. Feb. 1858 ; cultivated, Imbondeiro dos Lobos, 26
March 1858. Native name " N-xibua " or " Maxibua." No. 858&.

PuxfiO Andongo. — An apparently annual herb ; stems running out
a long distance, tendrilled but scarcely scandent, indeed always
prostrate ; flowers yellow, apparently monoecious ; ripe fruit very like
that which the Portuguese call Melancia (water-melon). Nearly every-
where in sandy places along the banks of the rivers Cuanza and Cuije ;
near Quitage, fl. March 1857. A weak, hoary, narrow-leaved form or
variety. No. 857. Fruit oblong-cylindrical, li to 2 in. long, eaten by
the negroes. In fields between Condoand Quisonde, cultivated, March
1857. But little different from the European water-melon. Coll.
Carp. 153.

MossAMEDES. — An annual prostrate herb, resembling the water-
melon in all parts : fruit in shape and size resembling a quince, but
sometimes much smaller and only li to 1^ in. in diameter, usually
scarcely larger than an orange, grass-green, variegated with white
spots arranged in broad longitudinal rows, 3-celled ; flesh bitter and
therefore scarcely touched by sheep ; seeds obovate, compressed but
rather tumid, chestnut-coloured or brown-yellow, marked on both
sides with black warts occasionally merging in lines. In sandy places
along the banks of the river Bero, abundant ; both young and ripe fr.
and few fl. beginning of July 1859 ; also in moist sandy places near
the mouth of the river Girau'l, at Fazenda do Senhor Paiva, frequently
cultivated. Also a wild luxuriant form, and a form in drier hilly
gravelly places. Called by the colonists " Melancia brava " (wild
water-melon). No. 855. At the banks of the river Bero ; fr. July
1859. Coll. Carp. 49.

HuiLLA. — An annual herb, spreading diffusely far and widely or
extensively scandent ; pilose with white spreading hairs, scented almost
like musk ; leaves lobed-pinnatisect ; tendrils bifid ; flowers herma-
phrodite and male on the same plant, axillary, shortly pedunculate,
yellow, the hermaphrodite ones the larger ; fruit eaten by the negroes
but nearly always more or less bitter. In sandy, rather barren fields
and in more fertile places formerly cultivated, abundant almost
throughout the district; near Lopollo fl. and young fr. March and
5 May, 1860; also by the river in Sobato Humpata, at the end of
May 1860, specimens with the stem and petioles rather shaggy with
rufous hairs. No. 856- Fruit as large as a child's head, edible but
almost insipid. In places of cultivation and neglected gardens, but
scarcely cultivated ; seeds, April 1860. Native name, " Ditangue " or
" Mutangue." Coll. Carp. 47. Fruit eaten by sheep ; in gardens.
Called " Ditanga." Coll. Carp. 46.

I

Colocynthis] Lxiii. cucurbitace/E. 399^

The various varieties of this species, both wild and cultivated,
especially about Loanda, are called " Quixibua," in plural " Maxibua,"
a name which in Pungo Andongo is used for Ampelocisms uremn/oUa
Planch.

The following numbers from the carpological collection appear
to belong to Colocynthis amarisissima Schrad : —

IcoLO E Benc.o. — Seeds of '• Abobora branca," March 1858. Coll.
Carp. 164.

HuiLLA.— Seeds surrounded by a black border. Near Lopollo, Feb.
1860. Coll. Carp., 50. A wild sort of " melancia " in the arimo
(cultivated field) of Kiieisman ; seeds, March 1860. Coll. Carp. 79.

2. C. vulgaris Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Getting, p. 2 (1833)

Cucumis Colocynthis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 1011 (1753).

Citridlus Colocynthis Schrad. in Linnsea xii. p. 414 (1838);
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 548 ; Oogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. iii. p. 510 (1881) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 190 (1884).

Fruiting specimens of the true Colocynth obtained for comparison
with the Angolan species of CitrnJIux. Coll. Carp. 608.

The seeds are not used medicinally in Angola.

13. CUCUMEROPSIS Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 5, v. p. 30
(1866). Zehneria Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 830 (partly).

1. C.edulis Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 518 (1881).

Cladosicyos edulis Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 534 ;
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 188 (1884).

Goluxgo Alto. — Ripe fruit subclavate-cylindrical, a foot long, 3 in.
in diameter, eaten by the negroes. At the bushy margins of primitive
forests in Sobato de Mussengue ; tt. May, fr. July 185G. Also near
Camilungo; male fl. Dec. 1855. No. 808.

Coll. Carp. 617 consists of seeds, whitish glossy, flattened, ellipsoidal,
§ in. long, f in. broad, smooth, not bordered, said to belong to an
edible fruit 5 to 7 in. long and 3 to 3i in. in transverse diameter : they
possibly belong to this species, which, however, seems usually to have
a longer fruit and smaller seeds. The seeds were collected in Golungo
Alto, at Sange, in July 1856.

14. PHYSEDRA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL 1. p. 827.
1. P. heterophylla Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 553;

Cogn. in DO. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 524 (1881).

Golungo Alto. — A succulent herb or undershrub, very widely
climbing, the whole plant tinged with a glaucous hue, perennial,
dioecious, with the habit almost of a Passifiura ; leaves remarkably
polymorphous, undivided and triangular or 3- to 5-lobed, bright-
green, thick, tender, rather fleshy, rigid, not coriaceous, easy to dry ;
corolla sordid-orange in colour, rather fleshy, 5-lobed, clothed inside
with long papilke ; anthers 3, very thick, obovoid-cordate ; filaments
short ; fruit oblong-subpyriform, 1 to H in. long, at first variegated
with yellow and green, when ripe orange-coloured, with longitudinal
green bands, quickly putrescent. In rugged places at the river
Delamboa, in company with Coffea melantHyirpu Welw. ; without fl.
Sept. 185.5, in flower bud Jan. 1856 ; also along the lianks of the
stream Casaballa, among tall bushes, at the base of the mountains in

400 LXIII. CUCURBITACE^.

Sobato de Bumba, not uncommon ; male and female fl. middle of
Oct. 1855 ; fr. Feb. 1856 and June 1857. No. 791.

Var. Hookeri. Var. /3 Hook, f., I.e.

Leaves subdigitately 7-lobed below the middle, acutely serrate
with long points to the serratures, and the lobes terminating in
longer slender tails.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A much-branched almost frutescent herb, climb-
ing far and widely, apparently rarely in flower. Along fences against
primitive forests near Ponte de Felix Simoes, sporadic : fl. Dec. 1855.
No. 792.

The following numbers from the carpological collection appear
to belong to this species ; they consist of seeds which show the
character of a deciduous filamentous coat, giving many of the
seeds a shaggy appearance, while other seeds are quite smooth : —

GoLTJNGO Alto. — An apparently perennial herb, climbing far and
widely ; leaves glaucescent, rigid ; flowers yellow, fleshy ; fruit
ellipsoidal, orange-coloured, marked with green longitudinal bands.
By fences and thickets near Ponte de Felix Simoes ; seeds Feb. 1856
(and June 1857). Coll. Carp. 144 and 147. Climbing on Punica
granatuin L., Welw. Herb. No. 2333, in the convent near Bango ; seeds
beginning of May 1856. Coll. Carp. 15'2. Fruit baccate, 1 to 1^ in.
long, oblong-subpyriform, variegated yellow and green and marked
with green bands, quickly becoming putrid ; seeds Coll. Carp. 619.

15. RAPHIDIOCYSTIS Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.

PL i. p. 828.

1. R. Welwitschii Hook, f.. I.e., and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii.
p. 554 ; Cogn. in DC, Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 527.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A herb, climbing far and widely, apparently
perennial, monoecious ; leaves rather rigid, prettily green, very variable
in indumentum but fairly constant in shape ; male flowers seen on
only a very few specimens ; ripe fruit spherical, echinate with dense
briUiantly purple-red bristles, deeply purple-red even in the densest
forests, a remarkable ornament to the primitive forests, filled with a
nearly dry pulp. In the denser primitive forests of Sobato de
Mussengue, not uncommon but rarely seen in flower ; in female fl. and
nearly ripe fr. March 1855 ; in female fl. and very few male fl. in the
same locality, end of March 1855. Also in the thickets of Serra de
Alto Queta, but never seen in fl., June 1856. No. 810.

16. COCCINIA Wight & Arn. Prodr. (i) p. 347 (1834). Ce-
phalandra Schrad. (1836) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 827.

1. C. deeipiens Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 539 (1881).

Cephalandra deeipiens Hook. f. in Ohv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 552.

PuNGO Andongo. — A bright-green, rather flaccid, climbing herb ;
flowers yellow ; fruit baccate, as large as a hazel-nut, ovoid-conical,
mucronate with a short acumen, green, at length orange-coloured,
variegated with white spots, 3-celled ; cells few-seeded. In sandy
grassy places at the skirts of thickets between Catete and the forest
of Quilanga, extensively climbing among grasses ; in female and few
male fl. and with young fr. beginning of May 1857. No. 816. Fruit
ovoid-conical, spotted with white; seeds scarcely ripe; May 1857.
Coll. Carp. 618.

Coccinia] LXIII. CUCURBITACEiE. 401

2. Coccinia ? sp. n ?

A scandent herb ; branclilets hispid with spreading hairs ;
tendrils bifid, subglabrescent, elongated ; fruiting peduncle thick,
glabrate, 3| to 4 in. long ; fruit baccate, cylindrical-ellipsoidal,
obtusely pointed at the apex, very nearly 3 in. long, orange-
coloured, rather shining, quite smooth ; seeds numerous, com-
pressed, obovate, nearly | in. long, J in. broad, margined,
obscurely scrobiculate, cxalbuminous.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In thickets near Cambondo, abundantly, but only
one fruit seen ; without either leaves or fl. June 1855. No. 837 and
Coll. Carp. 615.

17. CUCURBITA L.; Benth. (t Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 828.

1. C. maxima Duchesne in Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 151 (1786);
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 555 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. iii. p. 544 (1881); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 191 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto. — Fruit U to 2i ft, long, 1 to 1 J ft. in transverse
diameter, variegated with pale-yeUow as in the European examples.
Frequently cultivated almost throughout rbe district both by the
negroes and by the colonists for the sake of its edible fruit ; fl. and
young fr. end of Feb. 185G. Native name " Diuhangoa." No. 801.
Fruit subspherical, variegated yellow and green, outside marked with
numerous obtuse ribs almost like a melon, wine-red inside, eaten by
the negroes and Portuguese colonists ; flesh somewhat dry but edible
and not unpleasant. Frequently cultivated in the district ; seeds,
March 1856. Native name " Dinhangoa." Coll. Carp. 145.

2. C. Pepo L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 1010 (1753) ; Hook. f. in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 556 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 545 ; Ficalho, I.e., p. 192.

LOANDA. — Frequently cultivated ; seeds, Aug. 1858. Coll. Cakp. 609.

Huilla. — Monoecious, prostrate, running out a long distance ; leaves
broad, deeply quinquepartite in a palmate manner, the outer lobes bifid,
the intermediate ones narrowed towards the base ; fruit as large as
a little child's head, bi-pyramidately ellipsoidal, deeply furrowed at the
base, coarsely ribbed in the middle ; skin hard, woody, of a pale sulphur
colour outside, occasionally beset with small but little-prominent warts,
filled inside with a white rather juicy flesh, very good to eat, with
scarcely a gourd flavour. Cultivated by some colonists at LopoUo
from seeds introduced fresh from Portugal ; fl. and fr. April 1860.
No. 812- Delicious when boiled and better in flavour when in addition
roasted ; even the leaves are prepared like spinach and eaten ; seeds,
June I860. Coll. Carp. 174. Generally and largely cultivated in
the district ; well flavoured when cooked and preserved. Portuguese
name, " Abobora." Feb. and May 1860. Coll. Carp. 48.

Coll. Carp. 614 consists of seeds, perhaps of a hybrid form of this.
species, sent to Welwitsch under the name of " Aboboras pequenas
bonitas " from gardens at Oporto in North Portugal, where it is
cultivated as an ornamental plant.

3. C. moschata Duchesne ex Poir. in Diet. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 234
(1818) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 556 ; Cogn., I.e., p. 546.

Luanda. — A large, procumbent, monoecious, annual herb, with the
habit of C. Pepo L. ; flowers large, yellow, axillary, solitary ; the
male flowers with longer peduncles than the female ones ; calyx after
flowering circumsciss at the neck ; anthers 1 -celled ; stigmas bipartite,

26

402 LXiii. cucuRBiTACE^. [CucurUta

thick ; fruit ellipsoidal, when young as large as a pigeon's egg, some-
what furrowed or rather lined longitudinally, with white flesh, flavoured
like a cucumber. In sandy maritime stations near Boa Vista, quite
wild but probably introduced and an escape from cultivation ; fl. and
young fr. beginning of Aug. 1858. No 841.

4. C. ficifolia Bouche in Verb. Ver. Gartenb. Berl. xii. p. 205
(1837); Cogn., ^.c, p. 547.

C. melanosjjerma A. Braun, Cat. Hort. Karlsr., 1824 (name
only); Hook, f., I.e., p. 556 in note ; Ficalho, I.e., p. 192.

MossAMEDES (and Dande). — Ripe fruit perfectly ellipsoidal, rather
flattened at both ends, not ribbed, of a bright grass-green colour,
speckled with white spots at equal distances ; flesh bright-yellow,
turning red and very firm ; seeds always black. The fruit is frequently
preserved in sugar and in this state very highly appreciated for dessert.
Occasionally cultivated in gardens about Mossamedes, where it had
been recently introduced ; ripe fr. at Cavalheiros, June 1860 (also by
the river Dande). Called by the Portuguese colonists " Abobora Xila "
or " Abobora Chila." No. 834 and Coll. Carp. 142.

18. MELOTHRIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 830.
Zehneria Endl. ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 830. Mukia Am. ;
Benth. & Hook., I.e., p. 829.

1. M. tridactyla Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 562 ;
Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 596 (1881).

GoLUNGO Alto. — A glaucous-green, monoecious, twining herb, climb-
ing widely but not high ; flowers yellow, the female ones solitary, the
male ones sometimes solitary, at other times arranged in weak racemes ;
peduncles delicately capillary. In herbaceous shady parts of the
primitive forests of Quibanga in Sobato de Mussengue on the left-
hand side of the road from Sange to Ambaca ; fl. and fr. middle of
Dec. 1855. No. 826.

2. M. triangularis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 367 (1849) ;
Hook, f., I.e., p. 562.

Bryonia capillacea Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk.
iv. p. 204 (1829); M. capillacea Cogn., I.e., p. 600.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A glaucous-green, twining herb, with very small,
yellow flowers. At the borders of thickets on the north side of Serra
de Alto Queta, very sporadic ; fl. and fr. middle of Dec. 1855, and in
Jan. 1856. No. 827.

3. M. lucida Cogn., I.e., p. 606.

Pilogyne lucida Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 5, v. p. 36, t. 6
(1866). Zehneria lucida Hook, f.. I.e., p. 559, in note.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the shade of the forests of Mata de Quibolo ;
without either fl. or fr. August 1856. No. 862.

4. M. angolensis Cogn., I.e., p. 606.
Zehiieria angolensis Hook, f., I.e., p. 559.

GoLUNGO Alto. — On bushy declivities along streams in the moun-
tainous parts of Serra de Alto Queta, rather rare ; scarcely in good fl.,
Nov. 1855. No. 842. A herb, climbing horizontally ; flowers small,
white ; fruit scarlet. In thickets at the borders of primitive forests
in Serra de Alto Queta, at Zengas do Queta ; in fr. and sparingly in
male and female fl. Dec. 1855. No, 844. A widely climbing herb ;

Melothria] Lxiii. cucurbitace^. 403

stem fleshy-thickened at the base ; leaves white-punctate or white-
papillose on both faces. In the forests of Quibolo ; without either fl.
orfr. April IS'.G. No. 844ft.

5. M. racemosa Cogn., I.e., p. 617.
Zehneria raceviosa Hook, f., I.e., p. 561.

HriLLA. — A very rough and mostly prostrate, dioecious lierh ; lobes
of the leaves varying greatly in breadth, in some forms much narrowed.
In the drier stony hilly thickets among low shrubs near Nene and the
village of Lopollo ; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859 ; in neglected plots formerly
cultivated near ^Mumpulla, Oct, 1859 ; in less dense thickets between
Eme and the lake of Ivantalla, fr. Feb. 1860. No. 814 and Coll. Cakp.
611. In rocky places among short bushes in Sobato de Humpata,
between Humpata and Serra de Oiahuia, fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 817-

6. M. maderaspatana Cogn., I.e., p. 623.

Cvxvmis inujlrraspatanvs L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 1012 (1753).
Bryonia scahrellu L. f. 8uppl. PI. p. 424 (1781). Mukia seahrella
Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii.ip. 276 (1841) ; Hook, f., I.e., p. 561.

LiiioNGO. — A prostrate or scandent herb ; flower yellow ; fruit
scarlet when ripe. In bushy fields formerly cultivated, near Libongo, at
Arimo do Senhor Freire ; fr. and only one fl. seen, Sept. 1858. No. 840.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An ashy-green herb, rough in all parts with harm-
less prickles ; stems climbing widely and far ; flowers monoecious,
yellowish ; fruit at first pale-green, pea-shaped, striate with dull-green
bands, when ripe brilliantly scarlet, soft, juicy. By the shorter thickets
on rather dry slopes about Canaulo and Camilungo ; fl. and fr. Feb.
185G. Also on dry declivities at the base of Serra de Alto Queta ; fr.
8 Oct. 1855. No. 845.

19. DACTYLIANDRA Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 557.
Bryonia,i^v\hgen\\i^l)actijliandra'BQ\\th.. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 829.

1. D. Welwitschii Hook, f., I.e. ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii.
p. 626.

LoANDA. — A tender, deep-grass-green, annual herb, 2 to Sift, high or
more, climbing far and high : flowers monoecious, whitish, white-
yellowish, or nearly white ; unripe fruit spherical, as large as
a good sized pea, green ; ripe fruit baccate, cherry-shaped, cinnabar-
red. In thickets on a sandy-clay soil near Penedo, sparingly ;
fl. and young fr. beginning of Dec. 1857. In the denser thickets and
by the old tamarind trees between Praia de Zamba grande an Cabo
Lombe ; fl. and ripe fr. May 1858. Also in rather dry thickets tween
Imbondeiro dos Lobos and Bemposta ; fr. June. No. 833. Perennial,
scandent ; berries scarlet, exactly spherical ; in maritime thickets,
August 1858. Coll. Cakp. 157. Near Penedo ; fr. Dec. 1857. Coll.
Carp. 610.

MossAMEDES. — A climbing herb ; stem angular, subscabrid, furrowed,
deep-green as well as the scabrid leaves ; flowers monoecious, rather
small, green outside, from white to yellowish inside. By fencL-s and
thickets and in plots formerly cultivated, near Cavalheiros ; fl. and
young fr. 14 June I860. No. 832.

20. KEDROSTIS Medic. Phil. Bot. ii. p. 69 (1791). Rhpicho-
carpa ScJu-ad. (1838) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 831."

404 LXiii. CUCURBITACE^. [Kedrostis

1. K. foetidissima Oogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 634 (1881).

Rhynchocarpa feetida Schrad. in Linnsea xii. p. 403 (1838) ;
Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 564.

Var. a. Perrottetiana Cogn., I.e., p. 635. Bryonia Perrotetiana
Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 304 (1828).

LoANDA. — ^A climbing herb, the whole plant very rankly fetid, the
fetid odour persisting even in dried specimens after many years ; stem
angular, hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, repand, rather scabrid ; flowers
monoecious, yellowish, the male ones seated on reduced and very
slender peduncles, the female ones solitaiy or on bipartite peduncles ;
fruit ellipsoidal, as large as a pea, conical-acuminate at the apex,
crowned with the remains of the flower, 6- to 7-ribbed, scarlet when
ripe, 2-celled, usually 4-seeded ; seeds obovate, all thickened on the
margin, attenuate and bilobed at the base. In sandy bushy places
between Maianga do Povo and Bemposta ; fl. and nearly ripe fr. end
of April 1858 (and more abundant in 1854). No. 822.

21. CORALLOCARPUS Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. i. 831.

1. C. Welwitschii Hook. f. ex Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii.
p. 32, t. 12 (1869), and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 566; Cogn.
in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 651 (1881).

Rhynchocarpa Welwitschii Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, xviii.
p. 198, t. 10 (1862).

LoANDA. — A suffruticose, widely climbing, glaucous, succulent herb,
the whole plant exuding a yellowish resinous juice, very tenacious of
life (the nearly dry branchlets in the herbarium shooting afresh and
throwing out both male and female flowers) ; rootstock woody, perennial;
stem fleshy and almost turnip-shaped at the base, the parts above the
ground slender, angular ; tendrils long, simple, closely twisted in the
form of spirals ; flowers monoecious, axillary, yellowish-green, the male
ones racemose-cymose, the female ones solitary ; flowering branches,
peduncles, and pedicels rather fleshy. In the male flower calyx tubular-
campanulate, 5-cleft ; corolla adnately inserted on the calyx, 5-parted,
with spreading segments ; stamens included, inserted at the base of
the corolla-segments, (5 each bearing one anther or) 3, 2 of which
bear 2 anthers each and are opposite to the corolla-segments, and the
other one bears 1 anther alternating with the corolla-segments; (in one
instance there were 3 stamens, each bearing 1 anther, and 1 stamen
bearing 2 anthers ;) filaments flattened, rather fleshy, straight, very
short; connective straight, produced beyond the anthers, free or in the
2-anthered stamens connate ; anthers linear, 1-celled, straight, vertical,
adnate to the connective on one side ; pistil obsolete. In the female
flowers calyx-tube ovoid-oblong or urceolate, adnate to the ovary ;
limb subcampanulate, 5-cleft ; corolla-segments 5, adnately inserted at
the sinuses between the calyx-lobes, obovate, delicately fringed and
glandular-cihate on the margin, \ longer than the calyx-lobes, at the
time of flowering erect-spreading, yellowish ; staminodes 5, rudi-
mentary, alternating with the corolla-segments ; ovary inferior 2- or
3-celled ; ovules several ; style terminal, nearly included, cylindrical,
rather thick, somewhat 2- or 3-divided a little below the stigma ;
stigma large, rotate-expanded, laciniate-fimbriate. Fruit eUipsoidal-
cylindrical, \ in. long, rather obtuse, bright scarlet, 2-celled, separating
when ripe in a circumsciss-operculate manner from the greatly thickened
peduncle ; seeds several, horizontal, wrapped in a coloured membrane..

Cwallocarpus] lxiii. cucuRDiTACEiE. 405

In sandy bushy places, climbing on leafless Euphorbias, and on species of
Celantrtis and Cord/a, between Penedo and Cacuaco, and also in Praia da
Zamlia Grande flowering and fruiting nearly throughout the year, not
uncommon. Fl. Jan. to March 1854 ; fr. April to June 1858. A winter
form in fruit almost leafless ; abundant near Penedo, June 1858. A
variety with the lobes of the leaves elongated and very much narrowed,
near the city of Loanda, Oct. 1858. A specimen raised from Loanda
seeds in the garden of the Duke of Palmella at Lisbon ; fl. March 1862.
No. 799. Climbing far and widely. Rootstock napiform ; stem and
leaves glaucous ; fruit baccate, shaped like a grape, operculate, deep
scarlet. At Penedo ; seeds Feb. 1854, and again Sept. 1858. Coll.
Cakp. 125 and 612. A perennial herb ; stem bulbous-inflated at the
base ; the far-climbing stem and the leaves glaucous ; flowers small,
yellowish, rather fleshy, monoecious ; fruit grape-like, circumsciss at
the base, opening, many-seeded, bright scarlet. Cultivated in the
Lumiar Garden at Lisbon from Loanda seeds ; fr. July 1860. Coll.
Carp. 84.

22. CYCL ANTHER A Schrad. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 836.
1. C. pedata Schrad. Index Sem. Hort. Getting, anno 1831, and
in Linnsea viii., Litt.-Ber., p. 23 (1833); Cogn. in DC. Monogr.
Phan. iii. p. 825.

Var. /3. edulis Cogn., I.e., p. 82G.

Loanda. — Cultivated in the city of Loanda from seeds sent from
Portugal : fr. 1853-4. Coll. Carp. 613.

23. SICYOS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 837.

1. S. australis Endl. Prodr. Fl. Norf. p. 67 (1833) ; Cogn. in
DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 875 (1881).

S. angulatus Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 568, non L.

Huili.a. — A widely climbing herb ; flowers properly monoecious ;
■calyx of the male flowers campanulate, herbaceous, 5-toothed ; corolla
campanulate, adnate to the calyx, yellowish ; stamens connate ; anthers
1-celled, confluent into a head. Female flowers clustered in abbreviated
cymes ; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. By secondary thickets in hilly,
grassy places between Nene and Lopollo, and about the great lake of
Ivantalla ; fl. and fr. ]\larch 1860. No. 813.

24. GERRARDANTHUS Harv. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
i p. 840. Atheranthera Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 519.

1. G. Trimenii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 937.

Atheranthera pauiculata Mast., I.e. A. Welwitschii Mast, in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 640, fig. 1-5 (Nov. ? 1871).

PuNGo Andongo. — A widely scandent herb ; stems woody at the
base, compressed, almost flattened, marked with numerous deep
furrows ; leaves rather fleshy but membranous, deep-green above,
pale-greenish beneath with deeper-green ribs ; flowers dioecious, only
the male ones seen, pendulous, green-yellowish, shining with a waxy
gloss : calyx 5-cleft, green, lobes subequal, much shorter than the
corolla : segments of the corolla 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes,
the three outer ones alike, green-yellowish, the two inner ones broader
and a little longer than the rest, concave, orange-yellow ; all obtuse,
rather fleshy, spreading at the time of flowering ; stamens 5, one
imperfect, four perfect ; filaments thick, dilated at the apex into

406 Lxm. cucuRBiTAC'E^. [Gerrardantlms

the semicircular connective and furnished with an empty subulate
appendage ; anthers 1-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; connective
externally marginal ; ovary rudimentary, scarcely conspicuous, repre-
sented only by a central style. In thickets at the skirts of the forest
of Mata de Pungo, sporadic : male fl. April 1857. No. 861.

LXIV. BEGONIACEtE.

A species of the section Mezierea of Begonia grows at the banks
of streams in the dense forests of the mountainous region of
Angola, and a second species of the genus belonging to the section
Eostrobegonia is met with in moist and shady hollows within the
fortress lines of Pungo Andongo. Welwitsch's discovery of these
plants placed beyond doubt the existence of the family in tropical
Africa. See Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Sec. iii. pp. 151, 154
(1859), and Apont. p. 556, n. 130.

1. BEGONIA Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 841.

1. B. oxyloba Welw. ex Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.
573 ; Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxii. p. 38 (1895).

GoLUNGO Alto. — Stems cylindrical, rosy, brittle, 1 to 2 ft. high,
ascending from the thick half-subterranean rootstock, which is filled
with a watery juice ; flowers from rosy to reddish ; perianth-segments
whitish-rosy, reniform-orbicular, pervaded with longitudinal purplish
nerves running from the base towards the margin ; anthers yellow :
ovary conical-ellipsoidal, obtusely trigonous, marked on the sides and
angles with a purplish line ; styles 3, short, cylindrical, soon divided
into yellow, very viscid, hippocrepif orm-bif urcate stigmas. In primitive
forests along streams in Mata de Quisucftlo in Sobato de Bango, in
very shady places, sparingly ; fl. beginning of Jan. : very scarce fr.
March 1856 ; without fl. 8 Sept. 1855 and May 1856 : fl. and fi-. end
of May 1856. No. 875.

2. B. rostrata Welw. ex Hook, f., I.e., p. 578.
Biplodinium (sp.), Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 154 (1859),

and Apont. p. 556 sub n. 130 {Dijjlodinium).

Pungo Andongo. — An annual tender herb, 1 to Ih ft. high ; stem
erect, cylindrical, succulent, smooth, blood-red or sometimes purple,
nodose- jointed ; leaves highly glossy, bright-green, and scattered with
long thin white hairs above, paler beneath ; petiole terete, blood-red,
girt at the insertion of the leaf-blade with long approximated cilia ;
flowers small, pale-rosy ; perianth-segments more or less ovate, those
of the male flowers nearly always larger than those of the female,
usually 5 (4 regular and the fifth much smaller than the four) in the
female flower ; filaments not very short, free, abruptly terminating in
the clavate connective, to the opposite sides of which the cells of the
anther longitudinally adhere but do not reach either its top or bottom ;
pollen whitish ; stigmas velvety, horseshoe-shaped or lyrate ; capsule
unequally 3-winged, two wings equal, the third acutely narrowed into
a long flattened beak. In the clefts and caverns of the most elevated
rocks along streams, chiefly in shady damp situations, abundant, but
restricted to particular spots ; at Tunda-Quilombo within the fortress ;
fl. Feb. 1857 ; fl. and young fr. March and April 1857 ; fr. Oct. and

Begonia,] lxiv. begoniace^. 407

Nov. 1856. No. 874. An annual erect herb, 2 ft. high ; branches
erect-spreading ; fruits nodding, one wing produced to a considerable
length like a beak. In rocky, half-shady places at the sides of a
stream in Barrancos da Pedra Songuc within the fortress ; ripe fr.
(also a young plant) Nov. ISot). No. 874i.

LXV. CACTACEiE.

Previously to Welwitsch's Angolan journey, the occurrence of
any member of this family in the Old World had been denied ;
" America is the exclusive station of the order, no species appearing
to be native of any other part of the world" (Lindl. Veg. Kingd.,
edit. 3, p. 747 (1853)). It was therefore with much surprise and
satisfaction that Welwitsch, in the primaeval forests of Sobato
Quilombo-Quiacatubia in Golungo Alto, met with specimens of
a Hariota, which were suspended in long spikes, covered with thin
white berries, on the mossy branches of species of Kdwardia and
Adansonia ; a variety was also found hanging down from the
most elevated rocks of the fortress of Pungo Andongo, where it
grew abundantly in company with species of Sarcostemma and
low Stapeliese. Thus an important problem in phytogeography
was conclusively solved ; the genus had, however, been previously
reported from extra-tropical South Africa.

The extensive rocky and dry declivities about Pungo Andongo,
little susceptible of any other cultivation, would supply a ground
particularly well adapted for attempting on a large scale the
planting of Opuntia or JVopcdea coccinellifera Salm-Dyck, which
would doubtless thi*ive there and furnish a new and valuable
article of commerce for that country. See Welwitsch, Apont.
p. 556, n. 131, and Sert. Angol., p. 35.

1. HARIOTA Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 243 (1763). Rhipsalis
Gaertn. (1788); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 850.

1, H. parasitica O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 262 (1891).

Cactus pca'asiticus L. Syst. Nat. (ii.), edit. 10, p. 1054 (1759).
Rhipsalis Cassutkt Gaertn. Fruct. i. p. 137, t. 28, f. 1 (1788) ; Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 581 {Cassytha). R. lethiopica Wehv. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iii. p. 152 (1859).

Golungo Alto. — A parasitical shrub, 4 to 8 ft. long or more, with
glaucous-green stem and branches hanging down a long distance and
growing on the mossy branches of Edwardia lurida and Adansonia
digitula. In very elevated primitive forests in Sobato Quilombo-
Quiacatubia, abundant : scarcely ripe fr. Feb. 1855 ; without either fl.
or fr. July 1856. The branches throw out adventitious roots from
the nodes. No. 876. A fleshy little shrub, with nodding green-reddish
branches, decked with crowded fascicles of tawny setose hairs. Young
specimens, parasites on the mossy branches of FAwardia lurida Raf.,
at the same locality as the last No. : without fl. or fr. Feb. 1855.
No. 877. Coll. Cakp. 620 and &20l>.

Pungo Andongo.- — A pendulous evergreen shrub, 4 to 9 ft. long and
more, very much branched ; stems scarcely as thick as the little finger,

408 Lxv. CACTACE^. [Hariotci

sometimes rooting at the base, usually proliferous in a verticillate manner
at the apex ; branches smooth, cylindrical, glaucescent-green, jointed,
the younger ones squamulose ; flowers whitish, tending to a pale-sulphur
colour, rather small, very crowded, lateral on the scars of fallen scales,
scentless ; calyx adnate to the ovary, with a superior free unequally
toothed or lobed limb ; petals 6 or 7 ; stamens about 20, about as long
as the petals or a little shorter, with erect filaments and whitish
anthers ; style rather thick, erect ; stigma 4-partite, with ovate-oblong,
obtuse, thick, erect-spreading lobed segments ; ovary 1 -celled, many-
ovuled ; placentation parietal ; berry subspherical-urceolate, as large
as a moderate-sized pea, from whitish to pale-yellowish, almost pellucid,
scarred with the remains of the calyx-limb ; pulp viscid, investing the
seeds ; seeds black, glossy, subpyriform, some almost reniform.
Terrestrial, by the very high volcanic, almost vertical, rocks of the
fortress of Pungo Andongo, on the south-west side, in company with
orchids and species of Sarcostemma, not uncommon ; fl. and nearly ripe
fr. beginning of Dec. 1856 ; ripe fr. Jan. 1857. No. 878.

Welwitsch obtained in April 1866 a flowering and fruiting specimen
of this species cultivated in Kew Gardens from Jamaica, and, after
carefully comparing it with the above Nos., satisfied himself as to the
specific identity, noticing only that the Angolan plants were a little
more robust.

LXVI. FICOIDEtE.

In Angola proper a variety of Halimum Portulacastrum covers
extensive tracts in the island of Loanda, and various species of
Mollugo grow by sandy road sides leading into the interior and
about stagnant pools in the littoral and also in the mountainous
regions ; the New Zealand spinach, Tetragonia expansa Murr., has
been introduced.

The corm-like form of rootstock in the Psanimatropha which
occurs in Huilla is very interesting, and recalls the corm-mass
which occurs above the ground in several specie* of Cissies and
Pachypodiu7n ; this condition indicates a hot and rainless winter,
the enlargement of the stem providing, as it were, winter-quarters
and store-houses dviring the trying winter season when everything
of a tender uature is scorched up or disintegrated.

In Limeum the presence or absence of petals can never serve
for the discrimination of species, much less for divisions into
sections, as used in the Flora Capensis, for sometimes in the same
plant both apetalous and petaliferous flowers are met with ; the
division into sections, according as the corymbs are sessile or
pedunculate, is also of doubtful application.

It is yet to be ascertained whether all the species of Limeum
are poisonous, or only a few of them, or possibly none ; Welwitsch
noticed that L. glomeratum E. & Z. was eaten by oxen about
Humpata. The variety leiocarpum of L. viscosum L. contains in
abvindance a material for producing a yellow dye.

The occurrence in Mossamedes of two species of Mesemhryanihe-
mum suggests a sub-tropical affinity for the flora of that district,
or almost a Cape connection.

Mesevihrifanthemvm'\ lxvi. FicoiDEiE. 409

1. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM DiU., L. ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. i. p. 853.

1. M. dimorphum Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 582.
MossA.MEDES. — A glaucous succulent prostrate herb, sometimes

annual and sparingly flowering, in other cases lasting two or three
years or even longer, and suflfruticose tortuous decumbent very rigid
with numerous flowers and somewhat woody stem ; flowers whitish,
polypetalous, terminating the secund branchlets. In stony-sandy
places near maritime rocks, from the Girilul as far as Praia da Amelia,
not uncommon ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 2377.

2. M. dactylinum Wtlw., I.e.

MossAMEDES. — A Very succulent prostrate annual herb ; root
simple, filiform, penetrating deeply into the scrtl ; stems 1 to 3 in. high,
cylindrical, abbreviated, once or twice dichotomously divided into
short, spreading or decumbent, leafy branches ; leaves conical-cylin-
drical, obtuse, very turgid, terete, nearly finger-shaped, very succulent,
approximated, quite smooth, 1 to 2h in. long, broad and clasping at
the base, gradually tapering towards the obtuse apex ; the primordial
ones decumbent, the upper ones nearly erect or erect-patent, all of
them of a deep reddish brown colour ; flowers solitary, subsessile,
terminating the main stem and branchlets, nearly concealed between
two very turgid ovoid convex obtuse erect bracts, about I in. in
diameter, white, very small, linear, erect-patent ; fruits at length
concealed between the succulent bracts. In hot conglomerate sand
and at the base of tertiary rocks near the sea shore between Cazimba
and Cabo Negro, in company with Tetrufjonia reduplicata Welw. and
some species of Halimuni ; fl. and young fr. in spring, 3 Sept. 1859.
No. 2376.

2. TETRAGONIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 854.

1. T. reduplicata Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 583.
MossAMEDES. — An erect fleshy brittle undershrub, \h to 2^ ft. high ;

stem and older branches varying from yellow to vfhitish, striate ;
branches subvirgate, ascending : leaves oval, obtuse, abruptly narrowed
at the base into a petiole of \ to h in. long, deep-green, delicately
papillose, fleshy, brittle, nearly glabrous, in the living state distinctly
doubled back along the midrib and in this way curved inwards and
upwards in a falcate form, giving the plant a crisp appearance ;
flowers axillary, arranged in very lax reduced racemes on short or
longer peduncles, yellowish-green inside ; calyx densely papillose, with
4 or occasionally 3 ovate unequal obtuse very patent lobes ; petals 0 :
stamens 12 to 20 or oo ; anthers yellow ; styles 3 or 2, very thick,
densely papillose on all sides, erect-patent, a little longer than the
calyx-lobes ; fruit 3- or 4-winged, obovoid- or depressed-globose, not
nerved between the wings ; wings semicircular, rounded or very
obtuse at the apex of the fruit, moderately narrowed towards the
base ; young fruit § in. high and broad, by abortion 2- or 1 -celled.
Along the sandy rocks near the sea-shore between Mossamedes and
Cabo Negro at A Cazimba ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1859.
No. 2379.

2. T. expansa Murr. in Comm. Soe. Getting, vi. Phys. p. 13.
t. 5 (1785) ; Welw. Apont. p. 557, sxib n. 132; Pax in Engl, k
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. pars 1, p. 44, fig. 18 (1889).

410 Lxvi. FicoiDE^. [Tetragonia

LoANDA. — An annual herb ; stems prostrate, branched to a great
distance : branchlets very crowded, ascending ; leaves glaucescent,
fleshy. Indigenous in New Zealand and Japan, etc., and cultivated
occasionally in kitchen gardens at Loanda, where it was introduced by
Welwitsch in 1853 and throve ; Museque of Senhor Antonio Lopez
da Silva, Island of Loanda, August 1858, and Museque of Senhor
Schut, March 1854. New Zealand spinach. No. 2378.

3. AIZOON L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 854.

1. A. mossamedense Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 584.
MossAMEDES. — An annual herb,rather fleshy erect or in old age usually

decumbent with repeated ramifications ; leaves alternate ; flowers
deep-yellow, without petals ; stamens about 50, inserted on the throat
not at the bottom of the calyx ; filaments purple, almost flattened ;
styles 5 ; capsule 5-valved, 5-celled ; seeds exactly reniform, brown-
black, glossy, rather compressed, with one or two furrows along the
back. In sandy-rocky parts of Serra de Montes Negros ; fl. and fr.
10 August 1859. No. 2380- A subpubescent branched rather fleshy
annual herb, rather erect or prostrate-ascending ; calyx green outside,
bright-yellow inside, in habit resembling a Sesuvium ; capsule 5-celled,
dehiscent with 5 valves each of which bears in the middle a small
septum laying bare the central 5-winged column. In sandy maritime
places, Praia da Amelia ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1859.
No. 2380?>. An annual herb, at first erect, soon branching and pros-
trate, rather fleshy papillose and glaucous-green throughout ; calyx
deep-yellow inside ; stamens very numerous, in phalanges ; capsule as
in Caryophyllacese. In sandy places by the sea near Praia da Amelia ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. Coll. Carp. 117.

The following No. may be mentioned here ; it probably belongs
to the same species or to -4. canariense L. : —

MossAMEDES.^A subsucculent glaucous-green annual herb, branched
from the base : branches ascending ; branchlets corymbose ; petals 0 ,
stamens indefinite. In moist sandy places at the mouth of the river
Bero, near Mossamedes, sparingly ; fl. July 1859. Only one young
specimen gathered ; in June 1860 the same locality was searched in
vain for more specimens. No. 1264.

2. A. virgatum Welw., I.e.

Mossamedes. — An undershrub, woody at the base, 2 to 3 ft. high,
brittle, erect ; stem weak, mostly oblique ; branches virgate-sarmentose,
white-silky, elongated ; sarmentose branchlets subscandent or spreading
horizontally among other plants ; young parts and leaves brilliantly
silvery- silky ; leaves strictly alternate ; lateral flowers not rarely
abortive or reduced, and the central sessile flower in the dichotomy of
the cyme the only fertile one : calyx deeply 5-cleft, with ovate-
lanceolate acuminate spreading segments, silky-pilose outside, naked
and yellowish inside ; stamens indefinite, 50 to 60, inserted in rows at
the middle or a little below the mouth of the calyx-tube ; filaments
flattened at the base, filiform, acuminate, sometimes biseriate ; anthers
oblong, with linear versatile cells ; petals 0, or very rarely represented
by a few threads or by one antherless or occasionally by a 2- to 3-clef t
filament : ovary free, inversely pyramidal, 5- or often 4-celled, 5- or
4-angled ; cells 1- or 2-ovuled ; styles 5 or 4, spreading in a radiate
manner, deflexed, densely papillose or rather stigmatose ; flowers
axillary, arranged in little dichotomous cymes, shortly pedicellate, the

Aizoon] Lxvi. ficoide/E. 411

capsule ob- pyramidal, truncate at the apex, 5- or 4- celled, with '> or 4
rather thick spongy valves ; cells 1- or 2-seeded ; seeds pendulous from
the central column, which is thickened at the apex, compressed-reniform,
half surrounded by the rather long funicle, estrophiolate. In a moist
sandy place at the border of a forest along the banks of the river
Maiombo, near P^o, among short bushes, in company with species of
Lobelia, Heliotropiuin and Phyllanthus, sparingly : fl. and young fr.
Oct. 1859. No. 1113.

4. GALENIA L. ; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 854.
1. G. africana L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 359(1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop.
Afr. ii. p. 585.

Var, pentandra.

Leaves oblanceolate-linear, ranging up to 1 in, long by \ in.
broad ; stamens mostly only 5.

MossAMEDES. — An erect very rigid shrubby herb, or a hard-woody
little shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched in a caespitose-divaricate manner :
leaves opposite or congested pseudo-verticillate, rather fleshy, viscid,
pale-green, folded-reflexed at the apex ; flowers dichotoraously corym-
bose ; calyx green-yellowish outside, rather rosy inside, with 1, 2, or 4
bracteoles, and with 5 rather obtuse hooded lobes obtusely tuberculate
on the back ; stamens 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes ; filaments
filiform ; anthers didymous ; ovary sessile, obovoid, 2-celled, cells 1- or
rarely 2-ovuled ; styles 2, erect-spreading, central, stigmatose a long
way down the inner side ; capsule membranous, turbinate, when fully
ripe opened down to the liase into 2 valves, almost always 1 -seeded in
consequence of one cell becoming abortive or reduced and the septum
disappearing to a great extent or adhering to the wall of the capsule :
seed pyriform, quite black, longitudinally densely and deeply furrowed,
the hues of the furrows very delicately punctulate. In rocky sparingly-
bushy places along the right bank of the river Bero, at Boca do Bero,
rather rare ; in late fl. and fr. June ISr.O. No. 1093. An ascending
or nearly erect undershrub, perhaps only biennial ; stems and branches
opposite, with a whitish bark : leaves rather fleshy, pale-green ; flowers
white. On maritime sand-rocks l^etween Cabo Negro and Mossamedes,
sparingly ; not yet in good fl. 4 Sept. 1859. Apparently a young state
of No. 1093. No. 1092.

The admission of this variety necessitates the enlargement of
the characters of the genus to include isostemonous flowers.

5. HALIMUM Loefl. It. Hisp. p. 191 (1758); non Halimus
P. Browne (1756). Portulacastrum'Loe&.,l.c.,T^. 106. Sesuvium'L.
(1759) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 855.

1. H. Portulacastrum O. Kuntze, Piev. Gen. PL i. p. 263
{Halimus) (1891).

Poi'tulaca Portulacastrum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 446 (1753).
iS'esuvium Portukicastrum L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 1058 (1759) ;
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 585.

Ambkiz. — The whole plant blood-red-purplc ; stems decumbent, 1 to
4 ft. long ; flowers rosy. In grassy maritime sandy places at the mouth
of the river Loje, near Ambriz, very abundant : fl. and fr. Nov. 1853
and 1857. No. 2383.

412 Lxvi. FicoiDE^. [ffalimum

LOANDA. — A succulent gregarious perennial herb, creeping a long
distance ; stems blood-red, prostrate, widely spreading in all directions,
occupying very extensive tracts of the sea-shore and conspicuous from
afar by its purple colour, the adult plant turning purple or rather red
throughout, throwing out adventitious roots from the nodes ; flowering
branchlets ascending ; leaves oblong lanceolate, very thick, rather
obtuse, grass-green, scarcely glaucescent, the old ones frequently red
like the stems ; flowers axillary, on rather long pedicels ; calyx rather
fleshy, green outside, prettily rosy inside ; lobes of the calyx-limb
arched at the apex, mucronate at the back ; stamens rosy ; anthers of
a bright purple-rosy colour ; styles 3 (in some cases), as long as the
stamens. On the sea-shore along the coast of the district, Praia de
Zamba Grande to the mouth of the river Cuanza, the coast at Bispo,
Island of Loanda, etc., very abundant ; fl. Dec. 1858 and July 1854.
No. 2384. Leaves very thick, terete, ellipsoidal-cylindrical, in the dry
state at length fiat ; flowers somewhat smaller than usual in the species.
On the more barren parts of the sea-coast, mixed with the ordinary
form, Praia de Bispo ; fl. Dec. 1858. No. 2385.

MossAMEDES. — A fleshy, herbaceous-green, perennial herb. By the
mouth of the river Bero, abundant ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 1859.
No. 2390.

Var. crithmoides.

Sesuvium crithmoides Welw. Apont. p. 586, n. 33. aS'. Mesem-
hryanthoides Welw., I.e., p. 557 sub n, 132.

A succulent herb, normally perennial, but not uncommonly
annual or biennial, fruiting and perishing like other maritime
plants ; rootstock thick, much divided at the crown, and giving off
numerous stems of 2 to 4 ft., which are prostrate spreading in
a circle, deep blood- red, rough with very crowded papillae, and re-
peatedly branched ; branchlets ascending, leafy; leaves compressed-
cylindrical, fleshy, 1 to 2 in. long, opposite, quasi-sessUe wdth
bi'oadly sheathing petioles, longitudinally furrowed above, very
glaucous, densely papillose ; flowers axillary or alar, sessile, fully
open only about noon, of a very pretty rose-violet colour inside ;
caljrx furnished at the base with 5 ovate bracteoles alternating
with its segments, shortly funnel-shaped ; calyx-segments 5, longer
than the calyx-tube, thick, of a rose-violet colour inside, arched-
mucronate at the apex ; sinuses acutely prominent, pungent :
petals 0 ; stamens very numerous, irregularly and equally in-
serted at the throat of the calyx ; filaments filiform, unequal in
length; anthers ellipsoidal, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally;
ovary free, ovoid-conical, truncate at the apex, 5-celled ; ovules
several in each cell, inserted on the central axis by distinct
funicles; styles 5, erect, rather thick-filiform, longer than the
ovary, narrowly capitate with the stigmas ; capsule chartaceous,
ovoid-conical, circumsciss, tumid about the line of dehiscence ; lid
truncate -conical ; seeds several, globose-obovoid, appendaged at
the insertion of the funicle almost as the seeds in Hypoxis, very
black, smooth. Flowering almost throughout the year.

Barra do Dande. — A beautiful, apparently perennial herb ; stems
deep blood-red, prostrate, spreading in a circle ; leaves fleshy, glaucous,
semi-cylindrical ; flowers of a pretty rose colour, rather large for the

I

Halimuin\ lxvi. ficoide^. 413

genus ; seeds black, glossy. On the sea-sands of Praia de San Thiago ;
fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. The specimens were lost in crossing the river
Bero.

LoANDA.— A glaucescent herb, the whole plant, but especially the
stems, turning red, annual but somewhat shrubby ; stems diffuse, 2 to
4 ft. long, dichotomously branched, arranged in a circle ; leaves linear,
thick, very glaucous, tleshy, brittle, pale-green ; flowers deep-violet or
purplish ; calyx-lobes densely papillose and green outside, rosy inside ;
styles 3 or 4, filiform ; capsule pyramidal, truncate at the apex. In
gravelly sea-sands of the island of Loanda in company with Siui'vola
Lobelia L. (Welw. Herb. No. 1137) ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853, July 1854,
and 12 June 1858 ; island of Cazanga to the south of Loanda ; fl. and
fr. 30 April 1854 and Oct. 1854. Abundant. No. 2386. A perennial
plant, well worth cultivating ; stems deep purple-red, prostrate in a
circle ; leaves semicylindrical, fleshy glaucous ; flowers rosy, usually
rather large. In sandy places in the island of Loanda ; fr. Feb. 1858.
Coll. Carp. 160.

2. H. congense O. Kuntze, I.e. {Halimus congensis) (1891).
Sesuvium congense Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 58G.

Ambriz. — A very rigid low almost suffruticose herb, with the
habit of a Mesembryanthemum, very much and diffusely branched
from the base, prostrate ; branches cylindrical, tortuous, minutely
papillose as well as the branchlets; shoots ascending, subsecund; leaves
fleshy, linear or nearly worm-shaped, strongly involute on the margin,
green-glaucescent, fasciculate-crowded; flowers small, subsessile, bright-
rosy inside ; petals 0 ; stamens numerous ; hd of the capsule conical-
umbonate. In rocky places and in gravel in mountainous places along
the estuary of the river On^o in Mossul, near Ambriz, abundant ; fl.
and fr. Nov. 1853. Collected in flight under pursuit by a party of
Mossul negroes. No. 2382.

3. H. mesembriantliemoides.

Sesuvium mesembrianthemoides Wawra in Wawra & Peyr. in
Sitz. Akad. Wien, xxxviii. p. 564 (1860). *S'. cri/stcdlinum Welw.
ex Oliv., I.e. Halimus crystallinns O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i.
p. 263 (1891).

MossAMEDES. — A prostrate suffruticose herb, perennial or sometimes
apparently annual, forming large clumps, the whole plant in the living
state densely covered with rather large watery-glassy papilla;, very
beautiful in the manner of Mesemhrijanthemum ci-i/fifall/nitm L. ; stem
cylindrical, jointed ; leaves opposite, fleshy, terete, marked with one
furrow on the upper face, hoary-papillose, and thus appearing verj-
glaucous ; petioles short, sheathing the stem ; flowers deep-rosy inside:
styles 4 ; capsule 4-celled ; seeds helix-siiaped. In sandy gravelly
situations along the seashore near Mossamedes, very abundant ; fl. and
fr. beginning of July 1859. No. 2389.

The following No. is doubtfully referred here : —

Mossamedes. — A succulent green minutely papillose herb, with the
habit of this genus or of Portulacaceaj. In sandy places at the sea-
side, near Cabo Negro ; not yet in fl. Sept. 1859. No. 2387.

4. H. sesuvioides O. Kuntze, I.e. (Halimus sesuviodes) (1891).
JJiplochoniiim sesuvioides Fenzl, Nov. Stii'p. Dec. (vii) p. 58

(30 June 1839). Sesuvium digynmn Welw. ex Oliv, I.e.

414 Lxvi. ficoidejE. [ffalimum

Var. reduplicatum (Welw. ms. in Herb).

MossAMEDES. — A prostrate fleshy glaucous-green annual herb,
branched from the base, sometimes scarcely 2 in. long, in other cases
quasi-scandent among shrubs almost 3 to 4 ft. long ; leaves lanceolate,
rather rigid, mostly turning purple or dark-red, the blade folded back
along the length of the midrib or occasionally contorted ; flowers as
in HaVtmum^ purple ; styles 2. In moist sandy places at the base of
Serra dos Montes Negros, about 6 to 8 miles from the sea ; also at
the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. 10 Aug. 1859. No. 2391.
Styles 2. In rather elevated hilly sandy places between Cazimba and
Caroca, near Cabo Negro, in company with Tumhoa Bainesii Hook, f.,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1859. No. 2388.

Var. Welwitschii.

MosSAMEDES. — An annual biennial or triennial herb, glaucescent,
sometimes prostrate with stems of a few inches, in other cases sub-
scandent among shrubs with a much-branched stem of 4 ft. ; flowers
rose-purple ; calyx-sinuses cornuate outside ; styles 2, elongated, erect
from an ascending base. In sandy thickets at the banks of the river
Bero near Cavalheiros, in company with an amphibious species of
Mars'dea ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 2392. In the hot sand along the
banks of the river Mai6mb6 ; fl. and fr. 12 Oct. 1859. No. 2394.

Var. angustifolium (Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. App. iii. p. 74
(April 1897)).

Diplochonium sesuvioides Wawra & Peyr. in Sitz. Akad. Wien,
xxxviii. p. 564 (1860).

Benguella. — An annual or biennial herb, branched from the base,
at first rather erect and corymbosely branched, soon with lateral
divaricate very patent branches ; stems and older branches mostly
yellowish-white, purplish when young ; branches always dichotomous ;
leaves rather fleshy, flat, glaucous-green, sometimes linear-filiform or
linear or almost linear-lanceolate, acute, in other cases broader and
exactly lanceolate ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, bright-rosy inside;
calyx-lobes gradually and much acuminate, more so than usual in species
of Hcdimum ; sinuses folded into cornua outside; ovary 2-celled; styles
2, elongated, straight or ascending ; capsule 2- or rarely 1-celled ; seeds
helix-shaped, dull, transversely and roughly rugose on both sides. In
bushy sandy maritime places along the sides of streams between the
river Cotumbella and the rivulet Cavaco near the city to Benguella ;
fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 2393-

MossAMEDES.— Flowers rosy. In sandy stony places along the banks of
the river Maiombo, at Pao, in company with Phyllanthus mossamedejisis
Welw. and a species of Lobelia ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2395

6. TRIANTHEMA Sauv., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. i. p. 855.

1. T. crystallina Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 32 (1790); Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 587.

MosSAMEDES. — An annual, prostrate, rather glabrous herb ; stem
slender, brittle, weak, whitish-green or bright-purple, dichotomously
or trichotomously branched, occasionally furnished with minute
papillae ; leaves rather fleshy, sometimes turning purple, falling off
in course of drying ; stem-leaves spathulate ; floral-leaves obovate-
ellipsoidal or suborbicular ; calyx rosy inside, 5-cleft ; lobes arched-
subulate ; corolla 0 ; stamens 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes ;
filaments filiform ; anthers orange-coloured, rather broadly didymous ;

Trianthema] lxvi. ficoide.e. 415

ovary attenuate at the base, 1 -celled, 2-ovuled : style 1, erect, arising
from the centre of the truncate apex of the ovary ; capsule turbinate,
truncate, opening in a circumscissile manner ; seeds 2, lenticular-
subreniform, black, delicately furrowed on both sides, superposed, the
lower one usually reduced or at least much smaller than the upper
one. In gravelly hilly maritime places at Praia da Amelia, near the
town of Mossamedes, among specimens of a leafless Euphorbia.
abundant, fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1090 and Coll. Carp. 237.

Var. sedifolia.

T. sedifolia Visiani, PI. ^-Egypt. ac Nub. p. 19, t. 3, f. 1 (1836),
in Spongia, Comm. Med. ii. p. 204 (Aug. 1836), Oliv., I.e., p. 588.

Mossamedes. — Always prostrate, rigid, brittle: leaves linear-oblong :
stamens purplish : flowers greenish-yellow; calyx-lobes arched-conical :
petals 0 ; stamens 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes ; ovary 1-celled ;
style very shortly bifid-stigmatose at the apex, sometimes almost
undivided ; capsule circumsciss. In hilly sandy maritime places near
Praia da Amelia, rather rare : fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1089 and
Coll. Carp. 236.

7. ORYGIA For,sk. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 856.

1. 0. decumbens Forsk. Fl. iEgypt.-Arab. p. 103 (1775); Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 589.

Mossamedes. — A perennial herb ; rhizome thick, woody ; stems
decumbent-ascending, turning purple or rosy ; leaves alternate,
glaucous, rather fleshy ; capsule suggesting Caryophyllacea^. By red
sand-rocks near Boca do Rio Bero, rather rare : in advanced fr. with-
out fl. July 1859. No. 2418. A long-rooted perennial herb ; primary
stem decumbent, as well as the branches whitish or purplish ; branches
angular, brittle ; leaves rather fleshy, glaucous, elliptical, attenuate
at both ends ; calyx green with purple margins, 5-partite ; capsule
almost as in Ilypertelis E. Mey., 5-celled, 5-valved ; seeds reniform.
In dry stony places near Ladeira dos Arrependidos between Mata dos
Carpenteiros and Pao, sparingly; fr. and late fl. June 1860. No. 2418i.

8. MOLLUGO L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 857.

1. M. hirta Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. (i.) p. 24 (1794).

Glinus lotoides Loefl. It. Hisp. p. 145 (1758) ; Fenzl. in Ann.
Wien. Mus. i. p. 357 (1838). M. Glinus A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.
p. 48 (1847) ; OHv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 590.

LoANDA. — An annual much branched herb ; branches prostrate, 2 to
4 ft. long, spreading in a circle ; leaves rather wavy and more tomentose
in dried- up swamps than in marshes. By nearly dried-up swamps and
at the edges of lakes near Alto das Cruzas (also at the lake Quilanda
in Zenza do GoLUNCo), abundant ; fl. and fr. beginning of Sept.

1857. No. 2412. An annual, prostrate, hoary or softly shaggy herb :
anther-ct'lls separate except their middle, where they are inserted on
the filament by means of the narrow transverse connective. In a few
flowers the calyx was hexamerous, with the interior segments quite
petaloid pale-yellowish and ovate-lanceolate like the other segments.
Staminodes bipartite. About swamps to the south of the city of
Loanda, between Bempoata and Camama ; fl. and fr. end of March

1858. No. 2414.

Barr.v do Bengo. — In muddy-sandy pastures flooded in summer,
near Panda, by the river Bengo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853.

416 Lxvi. FicoiDE^. [Mollugo

No. 2415. A succulent prostrate annual herb. On sandy somewhat
salt gravel by the lake Quisequella ; in fl.-bud, Dec. 1853. Only one
specimen found, apparently belonging to this species. No. 1265.

MossAMEDES. — An annual prostrate herb, branched from the base.
In damp sandy places near the banks of the river Bero, abundant ; fl.
and fr. July 1859. No. 2413. White-tomentose, by pools nearly dried
up, near Cavalheiros ; fl. June 1860. No. 2413&. Branches prostrate,
spreading in a stellate manner, clothed with a snow-white felt, as are
also the leaves, which are very much nerved on the back. In sandy
muddy places by dried-up pools along the banks of the river Caroca
near Cabo Negro ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 2416.

Var. virens (Fenzl, I.e., p. 358 ; Oliv., I.e., p. 590).

PuNGO Andongo. — A prostrate herb ; stems elongated, with ram-
bling branches, 2 to 3 ft. long. By a nearly dried-up swamp between
Condo and Quisonde, in a wooded place ; fl. and fr. end of March
1857. Only one plant seen ; all the specimens were mutilated by oxen
rushing to the swamp in search for water ; they all had uniform leaves,
of the same size and shape, from the top to the bottom. No. 1111.

2. M. oppositifolia L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 89 (1753); Trimen, Fl.
Ceyl. ii. p. 271 (1894).

M. Spergula L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 881 (1759) ; OKv. I.e.

LoANDA. — A herb apparently lasting for several years but certainly
also annual ; root rather thick, fleshy-woody, descending vertically,
giving off numerous divisions from its crown ; stems very numerous,
branched, prostrate, spreading in a circle, ascending at the apex ; leaves
herbaceous-green, but little fleshy ; flowers greenish ; calyx-segments 5,
obtuse, keeled, erect ; corolla 0 ; stamens included, 8 ; filaments
filiform ; anthers oblong-rectangular, 2-celled ; cells linear, separate
except in the middle where they are joined by the connective and
inserted on the filament ; ovary triquetrous, turgid, included ; stigmas 3,
sessile, diverging ; capsule 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved ; seeds
numerous, subreniform, fuscous-red, marked in rows with minute
dense raised points or tubercles, scarcely strophiolate, half-surrounded
by a white funicle. By rain-pools drying up at the time, near Alto
das Cruzes, abundant, fl. and fr. April 1854 ; at the pond (repressa),
Museque de Luis Gomes, fl. and fr. Aug. 1854. No. 1109. An annual
herb, with the habit of a Cerast'mm or Aldne ; stems numerous,
filiform, sparingly dichotomous, furrowed, shortly pilose, 4 to 9 in.
long, erect or ascending-erect ; whorls of the rather fleshy bright-green
leaves distant ; peduncles whorled, capillary, i to f in. long, erect in
flower, nodding in fruit ; flowers from white to greenish ; calyx-
segments thickly and acutely keeled ; filaments 3, 4, or 5, subulate, not
short ; capsule elongated-elliissoidal, deeply 3-furrowed, crowned with
3 stigmas ; seeds turgid. Around rain-pools on clay among short grass
near Museque de Luis Gomes, in the southern plain above Loanda, very
abundant, but seen in only one locality ; fl. and fr. 10 Jan. 1858.
Not seen in 1853 or 1854. No. 2409 and Coll. Carp. 623. By
dried-up pools near Museque do Senhor Schut above Loanda ; fl. and
fr. June 1854. Rather small specimens. No. 2409&.

Barra do Bengo. — An annual, prostrate-diffuse herb. In muddy
places previously flooded at the banks of the river Bengo near
Quifandongo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 1071.

Barro u() Dande. — An annual. herb, with the habit of a Cerastimn ;
at the edges of pools along the right bank of the river Dande, near
Bombo, sparingly : fl. and fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 1112.

MoUtigo] Lxvr. ficoide^e. 417

Calumbo. — A lierl), apparently annual or biennial ; stems prostrate,
spread out in a stellate manner. In rich muddy-sandy pastures flooded
in summer, by dried-up pools between Bemposta and Camama by the
road towards Calumbo, fl. al)undant ; fl. and fr. July 1854. No. 1110-

3. M. nudicaulis Lam. Eiuvcl. Meth. iv. p. 234 (1795-96);
Oliv., I.e., p. 591.

M. hellidifolia Ser. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 391 (1824); Welw
Apont. p. 591, 11. 101.

Am imiz.— Habit of an Alismu ; radical leaves rather fleshy, patent,
subglaucescent ; filaments subulate ; seeds globose-compressed, uni-
angular ; testa crustaceous, granulated, brown-black. In damp culti-
vated places and sandy thickets around negro villages, near Quizembo'
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 2396.

LoANDA. — An annual herb ; leaves radical, rosulate, green, rather
fleshy ; scapes rather erect, smooth, mostly turning red, primary
branches 4, all the branches furnished at the ba§e with a white
scarious bract ; calyx 5-parted nearly to the base, segments concave,
keeled, obtuse, reddish outside, white inside : stamens usually 3, rarely
4, very rarely G ; stigmas 3, sessile, horizontally divaricate, broadly
lanceolate, whitish, very delicately fringed. In fields formerly
cultivated, abundant where found, but almost every year appearing in
another spot, in fertile places flooded in summer ; fl. chiefly from Oct.
to the end of June ; near Penedo, 27 Dec. 1857. No. 23'97. At the
well close to Welwitsch's house in the middle of the town of Loanda ;
fl. and fr. Nov. 1860. No. 2397^.

Cazengo. — Annual in hot rather dry sparingly grassy places and in
rocky places, at the river Luinha, fairly abundant though in but few
spots ; both young and old plants together ; about 1200 ft. altitude ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 2398 and Coll. Carp. 621.

Amb.\ca. — At the muddy bank, almost dried up, of the river Caringa;
fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 2399.

GoLUNGO Alto. — An erect annual herb, 3 to 5 in. high ; leaves
radical, rosulate, obovate-spathulate ; flowers white, small. In places
• formerly cultivated near Canguerasange ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1857. Coll.
Carp. 622.

PuxGO Andongo. — In rocky places near Cabondo in the fortress ;
sporadic ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 2400.

4. M. Cerviana Ser. in DO. Prodr. i. p. 392 (1824) ; Oliv., I.e.

Amuriz. — A very slender plant, growing after the fashion of a
SjKrgnla. glaucous-purplish on its stems and leaves : radical leaves
narrowly linear, never spathulate ; umbels sessile ; flowers whitish. In
fields between Ambriz and Mubango, near the latter place, in spots
flooded in summer ; fl. and fr. Nov. 185.'}. No. 2404.

Barra do Dandk. — A very elegant little plant, representing in
tropical Africa Erophiln jirorox DC. ; radical leaves rosulate, glaucous ;
flowers whitish. In fields on sandy clay between Barra do Dande and
Barra de Lifune, abundant ; fl. and fr. beginning of Nov. 1853.
No. 2401.

Loanda. — Stems shining, smooth, mostly reddish, capillary, usually
when old very intricately intermixed ; radical leaves obovate or
spathulate, glaucous, rather fleshy : stem-leaves verticillate, 3 to 7
together in each whorl : flowers greenish-purple outside, whitish
inside ; seeds reniform, fuscous-red. In damp sandy places, and also
in quite dry places, above the city of Loanda, near country houses

97

418 Lxvi. FicoiDE^. [Mollugo

almost everywhere ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1857. No. 2402. In
sandy places near Cabo Lombo ; fr. 30 April 1H54. Coll. Carp. 625.

PUNGO Andongo. — A very tender glaucous annual herb ; branches
very patent ; flowers white ; umbels sessile. In sandy places along the
river Cuanza from Candnmba as far as Quisonde, growing in dense
masses ; fl. and fr. Jan. to March 1857. No. 2405-

MossAMEDES. — A very slender annual herb ; stems purplish ; flowers
white. In hilly maritime places between the town of Mossamedes and
Praia da Amelia^ abundant ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 2403.

HuiLLA. — Radical leaves linear ; umbels sessile. In fields formerly
cultivated about Banya de Lopollo, in damp places, always in company
with small Cyperaceae and Eriocaulons, quickly disappearing ; fl. and
fr. Jan. 1860. No. 2406.

5. M. verticillata L. 8p. PL, edit. 1, p. 89 (1753); Oliv., Ic.
Var. longifolia St. Hil. Fl. Bras. ii. p. 170 (1829).

Var. linearis Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. Nat. i. p. 377 (1838) ;
Oliv., I.e., p. 591. M. Schrankii Ser., I.e., p. 391.

Loan DA. — An annual herb, erect or ascending-erect ; radical leaves
crowded, rosulate ; internodes very pronounced ; peduncles bulbous-
tumid at the base, arranged in sessile umbels ; calyx-segments per-
vaded with one or two obscure nerves besides the keel; styles tolerably
elongated for the genus. In sandy maritime places in the island of
Loanda, at Museque do Senhor Antonio Lopes de Silva, abundant, but
not to be found in the same spot every year ; fl. and fr. 1:2 Jan. 1858,
and more robust in the same locality at end of Feb. 1858. In drier
situations the whole plant turns red. No. 2410. In the same locality,
less abundant ; fl. and fr. 2 Oct. 1853. No. 2410?^. A small herb,
apparently lasting for several years. In gravelly places densely covered
with Tribulux tcrrestris L. in the island of Cazanga, between Loanda
and the mouth of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1853. No. 2411.

6. M. fragilis Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. in Sitz. Akad. Wien,
xxxviii. p. 565 (1860) : Oliv., I.e., p. 592.

Ambriz. — Apparently perennial, or at least lasting for several years.
In hilly gravelly places near the town of Ambriz, abundant ; fl. andfr.
Nov. 1853. No. 2407.

Loanda. — A small herb, perennial or rarely only biennial ; root
simple, long, ascending vertically, woody when old ; stems numerous,
filiform, orange-red, strongly prostrate, spreading in a circle, dichoto-
mous or verticillately trichotomous ; leaves verticillate, obovate-
spathulate, glaucous ; pedicels umbellate, involucrate, equalling thin
common peduncle ; calyx-segments broadly white-membranous, obtuse.
The whole plant delicately pruinose. In sandy maritime places near
the city of Loanda, and especially about the island of Loanda, abundant
and occurring nearly throughout the year ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and
Jan. and Feb. 1858. No. 2408.

y. PHARNACEUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 857.

1. P. salsoloides Burcb. Trav. S. Afr. i. p. 286, n. 1508 (1822).

P. verritcosum Eckl. .t Zeyh. Enum. (ii.) p. 286 (1836); Oliv.,
I.e., p. 592. Hypertelis verrucosa Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mns. ii.
p. 262 (1840).

Var. mossamedense (Welw. ms. in Herb.).

An annual herb, or sometimes lasting two or three years,

Pharnaceuni] lxvi. kicuide.e. 4 J 9

suflFrutescent, scarcely a hand high, wholly violet-grey ; stems
numerous, decumbent-ascending ; leaves fleshy, almost terete,
like those of a Sedum, linear, rather obtuse, niuticous, glaucous,
rather purplish, bistipulate at the base, subaniplexicaul ; stipules
scarious, whitish ; warts on the foliage, and intlorescence some-
times plentiful, in other cases scarcely conspicuous or rai'e or
altogether absent ; flowers apetalous ; calyx prettily rosy or red,
the three inner segments smaller, more coralline, and not so
broadly membranous on the margin as the two outer ones;
stamens mostly 7, rarely more numerous, or in short-stalked
flowers only 1 ; anthers broadly oblong ; ovary 1 to 5-celled ; styles
3 or 5, recurved ; placentation axile ; seeds indefinite, pear-shaped.
At the base of the long rays of the umbel there are sometimes
1 to 3 almost sessile flowei's with a single effete stamen and an
abortive ovary.

MossAMKDEs. — In sandy seaside situations near the town of Mossa-
medes, abundant ; fl. and fr. June and July 1859. No. 2381, and Coll.
Carp. 624. On the sands of the coast near Mossamedes : fl. July 1859,
fr. June 1860. Coll. Carp. 238.

10. PSAMMOTROPHA Eckl. k Zeyh. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. i. p. 858.

1. P. myriantha 8ond. in Harv. & Soncl. Fl. Cap. i. p. 147 (1860).

Var. huillemis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 593.

HuiLLA. — A herb, at first sight seeming annual, but with a fleshy-
thickened perennial rootstock bearing a rosette of leaves at its apex ;
when young with quite the habit of an Andvosare ; stems weak, some-
times decumbent-ascending, in other cases almost erect, mostly rubicund:
branches thickened at the distant nodes ; leaves lanceolate, rather
fleshy, glaucous-lepidote, collected in half-whorls, rather flaccid ;
flowers apetalous, greenish ; calyx deeply 5-cleft : segments rather
obtuse, white-membranous at the margin, imbricate in aestivation ;
corolla 0: disk rudimentary; ovary pentagonal, 5-celled; cells 1-ovulate:
style firm ; stigmas 5, connivent in flower, soon radiate-patent; capsule
globose-pentagonal, 5-celled, 5-valved, foveolate-impressed at the apex,
angles rather acute ; cells 1 -seeded ; seeds globose, gi-anulated outside.
In sandy grassy thickets along the road from the lake Ivantala towards
Quilengues, near Lopollo andMonino, abundant ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860.
No. 3417.

I follow Oliver in referring this number as above, but its characters
are intermediate between those of P. nii/rHuithn Sond. and those of
P. (tudro.sarrn Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 265 (1840), and it might
be considered as a variety of the latter and older species ; in fact, the
two species are probably not distinct.

11. GISEKIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 859.

1. G. pharnacioides L. Mant. PI. alt., p. 562 {GisecJiia) (1771);
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 593 (pharnaceoides).

LoANDA. — An annual, prostrate, rather fleshy hei'b ; stems quadran-
gular, purplish, dichotomously or trichotomously branched, spreading
radiately over the ground, leaves opposite, rather fleshy, glaucous,
lanceolate, whitish-papillose beneath ; peduncles and pedicels brae-

420 Lxvi. PicoiDE^. [Gisekia

teate; calyx 5-partite, green outside, coralline inside, rosy; segments
imbricate, concave, connivent in a campanulate manner, persistent;
corolla 0; stamens 5, alternating with the calyx-segments, included;
filaments greatly dilated at the base, abruptly acuminate ; anthers
globose, erect, 2-celled ; ovaries 5, sessile, half-ovate, connivent, some-
what compressed, each bearing on the axile side the erect cylin-
drical whitish filiform style stigmatose at the apex ; carpels 5, distinct,
obovoid, somewhat compressed, muriculate especially on the back,
indehiscent, 1 -seeded ; seed obovoid, with a shining black testa. In
sandy maritime stations about the islands situate between the city of
Loanda and the mouth of the river Cuanza, as, for instance, the islands
of Loanda and Cazanga, abundant ; Cazanga island, fl. and fr. 14 March
1858. No. 2428. An annual, rather fleshy, prostrate herb ; leaves
opposite, rather fleshy, marked beneath with raised whitish lines, that
is, with very crowded adpressed setute, cartilaginous-serrulate on the
margin ; flowers greenish-rosy, apetalous, pentandrous ; carpels 5, dis-
tinct, membranous, crested-muriculate, utricle-like, monospermous. In
exposed sandy places by thickets near Teba, abundant ; fl. and fr. Jan.
and Feb. 1854. No. 2429.

PuiSGO Andongo. — At the sandy banks of the river Cuanza, near
Candumba, between it and Muta-Lucala; fl. andfr. Jan. 1857. No. 2434.

Var. pedunculata Oliv., I.e., p. 594.

G. linearifolia Schum. & Thonn. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk.
iii. p. 187 (1828).

PuNGO Andongo. — A small, annual, pale, glaucous-green herb,
branched from the base ; stems prostrate ; branchlets ascending ;
flowers pale rosy, In exposed sandy damp places, among short
grasses, at the banks of the river Cuanza, near Muta-Lucala, abund-
ant ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 2430.

HuiLLA. — Midrib of the leaves obsoletely pinnate ; flowers rosy,
pedicellate, not always in pedunculate umbels. In fields sown with
Sorghum and PeniciUaria, between Lopollo and Humpata : fl. and
scarcely ripe fr. Dec. 1859. No. 2432.

Var. congesta Oliv., I.e., p. 594.

G. congesta Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 28 (1849).

Ambriz. — A usually annual herb, but with the copious spring rains
biennial ; stems prostrate ; leaves glaucescent, rather fleshy ; flowers
rosy. In exposed hilly places covered with sand, among short grasses,
not far from the sea, near the city of Ambriz, on the left bank of the
river Loge, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 2436.

Loanda. — A very slender, prostrate-ascending herb, with angular
stems. In sandy grassy places, not rarely flooded in summer, near
Penedo, in company with species of Boerhaavia ; fl. and fr. Jan. and
end of Feb. 1858. No. 2433.

MosSAMEDES. — A very slender annual herb ; flowers in little heads
which are sessile in the forks of the stem and branches or terminal at the
tips of the ultimate branchlets and spuriously long-pedunculate, rosy.
In gravelly hilly places between the town of Mossamedes and Praia
da Amelia, very sparingly ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 2427. Near
Cazimba, with sparse herbage and with species of A triplex ; fl. and f r.
No. 2427?^.

2. G. Miltus Fenzl Nov. Stirp. Dec. (x.) p. 86 (5 August 1839) ;
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 594.

Miltus africana Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 302 (1790).

Gisekia] lxvi. fic'OIDE.«. 421

PuN(to Andongo. — An annual prostrate herb ; stem and leaves
mostly blood-red ; flowers white. In sandy, sparingly grassy places
on the right bank of the river Cuanza, near Sausamanda, abundant ;
fl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1857. No. 2431.

Var. pedunculata Oliv., I.e., p. 594.

Giesekia asj)era Kl. in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. (i.) p. 130 (18G2).

M()SSA>rETiES. — A prostrate annual herb, much branched from the
root, dichotomous ; calyx bright-rose inside, pale-rose outside. In
moist sandy places by Bocca do Rio Bero, sporadic ; fl. and fr. end of
July 1859. No. 2435. A diffuse annual herb, much branched from
the base, with red flowers (calyx). In sandy places at the borders of
Mata dos Carpenteiros, in company with Tanuirix or/entalU Forsk., etc.,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. August 1H50. No. 2435/^. An annual herb,
branched from the base ; stems and branches prostrate ; leaves fleshy,
glaucous-pruinose, obovate or oblong or even linear-elliptical ; flowers
very prettily rosy ; petals 0 ; stamens 11 or 12 ; carpels 5 to 7. In damp
sandy places at the mouth of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. end of
June 1859 ; also 4 weak specimens at Praia da Amelia, in company
with G. liharnacioides L., var. com/csta Oliv. No. 2437.

12. LIMEUM L. ; Benth. A: Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p, 859.

1. L. viscosum Fenzl Nov, Stirp. Dec. (x.) p. 87 (5 August
1839) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 595.

MossAMEDES. — A small inelegant annual herb, glandular-viscid
throughout ; stems diffuse or oblique ; br;inches orange-coloured ;
flowers greenish ; sepals with broad margins ; cocci plane-convex,
scrobiculate on the back. In dry gravelly places at the dried-up
banks of the river Bero and along the sea-coast near Praia da Amelia ;
fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 2419.

HuiLLA. — Rootstalk thick, deeply penetrating the soil, giving off
several prostrate-ascending angular stems. In fields sown with a
species of PeiikiUaria, near Lopollo, scarce ; fl. and fully ripe fr.
Jan. 1860. A form or variety less glandular than the type.
No. 2423.

Var. hispidulum (Welw. ex) Oliv., I.e., p. 596.

MossAMKDES. — The whole plant, especially the stems and branches
beset with rather rigid straight patent hyaline hairs glandular at the tip,
hispidulous, slightly stinging ; stems prostrate, ascending at the apex,
1 to 2 ft. long ; flowers rather small, arranged in lax long-pedunculate
corymbs terminal on the branchlets. In sandy-gravelly places with
sparse herbage along the banks of the river Bero, not at all abundant,
perhaps more frequent in the summer ; fl. and fr. July 1859.
No. 2426.

Var. leiocarpum Oliv., I.e., p. 596.

MossAMEDES. — An annual, prostrate-ascending herb, covered all
over with short straight hairs glandular at the tip, puberulous ; leaves
narrowly oblong-lanceolate ; petiole rather long : calyx densely
glandular ; sepals without nerves, broadly membranous on the
margins, obtuse ; petals usually wanting but occasionally 1 or 2,
lanceolate, very acute and fugacious because very tender ; stamens in
most cases 7 ; style short, ^bifurcate from the middle ; cocci hemi-
spherical, shorter than the sepals, one of them usually abortive, from

422 Lxvi. FicoiDE/E. [Limeum

orange to brown (perhaps not quite ripe), nearly smooth or verj-
minutely granulated, the sides convex and remotely ribbed, the ribs
more raised towards the margin. In a sandy-gravelly place near the
sea-coast at Sacco de Giraul, only one plant seen, in mid-winter, in
company with a species of Cresna L. ; fl. and f r. July 1859. No. 2420-
In gravelly maritime places by the mouth of the river Caroca near
Cabo Negro ; fl. and fi-. Sept. 1859. No. 2420/>. The whole plant,
even in the living state, tinged with a yellow or orange colour ; stems
prostrate, spreading in a circle. In very dry sandy places near Qui-
pola, about three miles distant from the sea, sparingly : fl. and fr.
August 1859. No. 2421.

2. L. glomeratum Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. PL Afr. (ii.) p. 288
(Jan. 1836).

L. Meyeri Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. p. 342 note (1836?);
Oliv., I.e., p. 596.

HuiLLA. — A prostrate, annual or biennial herb, spreading diffusely ;
stems greenish-yellow, tenacious ; leaves grass-green, somewhat
glaucous and fleshy ; petals 3 in some cases, obovate-cuneate, clawed ;
stamens 7, all fertile : anthers yellow. In fields on a sandy-clay soil,
between Iiopollo and Humpata ; fl. and ripe fr. Dec. 1869. No. 2422.

3. L. linifolium Fenzl, I.e. ; Oliv., I.e.

MossAMEDES. — An annual jorostrate glaucescent herb ; stems
branched at the apex, brittle ; leaves rather fleshy ; calyx whitish
with green nerves. In sandy places by Mata dos Carpenteiros with
Tamarix orientalis Forsk. and Enclea paeudehomn E. Mey., and at the
banks of the river Bero near Cavalheiros ; very scarce ; fl. and fr.
August and end of June 1859. No. 2425.

Var. polygonoides (Welw. ex) Oliv., I.e., p. 596.

L. argute- car inatum Wawra. ex Wawra & Peyr in Sitz. Akad.
Wien, xxxviii. p. 563 (1860).

MossAJiEDES. — An annual herb, prostrate, glabrous and highly
glaucous throughout, dichotomously branched, brittle in the living
state, at least when old, very much so in the dry state, pretty on
account of its glaucous bloom and milk-white corymbs, in habit re-
sembling a species of Polygoiiuiu ; sepals milk-white, green-glaucous
along the acute keel, subcucuflate-apiculate at the apex, very broadly
membranous on the margin ; petals always present, usually 2 or 1,
narrowly spathulate, ^ to f as long as the sepals, very tender, milk-
white : stamens usually 7 ; style rather long, bifurcate at the apex or
in some cases deeply so, fugacious ; cocci elevato-hemispherical.
blackish, tenacious, all over except their excavated base beset with
short conical obtuse straight tubercles, always shorter than the sepals.
In sandy places along the banks of the river Bero near Cavalheiros.
among short herbage, 6 to 8 miles distant fi'om the sea, not abundant ;
fl. and fr. June and July 1859. No. 2424.

The following No. should be compared with this species : —

PuNGO Andongo. — A very slender erect annual herb, 3 in. high :
stem filiform, a little branched in the upper part : leaves alternate ;
flowers very small. In a moist pasture on the right bank of the river
Cuanza, in company with species of Isoetes and Drosera ; only one
specimen in fl. bud, 22 Feb. 1857. No. 6751.

Ilydrocotijk] Lxvii, umbellifer/E. 425

LXVII. UMBELLIFER.E.

This natural order is generally but poorly represented in the
tropics.

The carrot generally is cultivated in gardens in Angola proper
and in Mossamedes, especially in the mountainous and highland
regions, and is occasionally semi-spontaneous ; the " Herva doce " of
the Portuguese, Pimpinella Anisum L., is occasionally cultivated,
as for instance near Quicuxe in the Loanda district, and also
in Benguella. (Jmnimmi Cyminum L. was nowhere seen by
Welwitsch in Angola.

The genus Iliidrocotyle is transferred by some botanists to
Araliaceae, principally because the testivation of the corolla is
valvate rather than imbricate as is usual in Umbelliferse. This
circumstance, Welwitsch remarks, only proves that the more
carefully natural orders are studied, the more difficult it becomes
to define them by clearly cut characters, and that it has been
shown that on the same principle Crithmuin must be placed in
Araliaceae.

1. HYDROCOTYLE Tourn., L.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 872.

1. H. sibthorpioides Lam. Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 153 (1789); A.
Kich. Mon. Hydr. in Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys. iv. p. 196, t. liv. f. 8
(1820).

H. rotundifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 21 (1814). //. nitidula
A. Rich., I.e., p. 200, t. Ixiii. f. 33 ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. p. 5 (1877).

HuiLLA. — A slender herb, with the habit of a Dichondra Forst. In
the dried-up swamps of Empalanca on the summit of the mountains
of Morro de Lopollo at an elevation of 5000 to 5500 ft., in company
with species of Eriocaidnn, Isoetes, Xi/r/.s, and with Indigoferu ende-
(•(iphylla Jacq., var. radlcans Welw. Herb. No. 2039, ante i. p. 215 ;
fr. April 1860. No. 624.

2. H. asiatica L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 234 (1753); Hiern, I.e., p. 6.

IcoLo E Bexgo. — Leaves often unequally crenate, with a very
obtuse l)asal sinus ; petioles and peduncles loosely shaggy : umbels not
always 8-flowered. In moist grassy bushy places along the banks of
the river Bengo from Santo Antonio to Prata, abundant ; fl. and fr.
Dec. 1853. No. 619.

LiBONGO. — A herb, creeping far and widely ; habit of a Geranium.
In spongy marshes on the left bank of the river Lifune, in company
with Jiissma erecta L. (Welw. Herb. No. 44(50) and AzoUa p'ninata
Br., forma terrestris (Welw.iHerb. No. 37), tolerably abundant ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1858. No. 620.

GoLUXGo Alto. — In spongy swamps among tall grasses, in the
vicinity of Lissochilus (jujantciis (Welw. Herb. No. (573) and Typha
angiistifol/fi L. (Welw. Herb. No. 247), at the base of the mountains
of Serra de Alto Queta, near Sange ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 622.

PuNGO Andongo. — At the muddy margins of the Lagoa de Quibinda,
near Quibinda, at an elevation of 3500 ft., sparingly ; fl. and fr. March

424 Lxvii. UMBELLiFER^. \Hydrocotyle

1857. A form remarkable for its exactly reniform leaves and very
elongated petioles. No. 625.

MosSAMEDES. — In wet spongy places at the margins of the Lagoa
de Giraul, in company with a terrestrial form of Pistia and species of
Equisetum and Marsilea ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 621.

HuiLLA. — Rosette of the radical leaves on the young plant rather
resembling that of Soldanella m,ontana. Willd. and some species of
Saxifraga ; petiole of the stem-leaves in some cases very variable in
length ; flowers whitish. In damp meadows along streams between
Ferrao de Sola and Catumba, at an elevation of 500() ft., in company
with Polygala Gomesiana Welw. Coll. Carp. 10, and orchids, abundant :
fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 623.

2. ERYNGIUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 878.
1. E. foetidum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 232 (1753); Hiern in

Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 6.

Prince's Island. — A herb, apparently perennial, or at least
biennial ; root tuberous-thickened, as well as the rest of the plant
aromatic almost like Apium graveoh/is L. ; leaves herbaceous ; flowers
from yellowish to greenish. On moist slopes with thick herbage at the
base of the Pico de Papagaio, at an elevation of about 2000 feet,
abundant, fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. Used to flavour other cooked vege-
tables. Negro name " Jamaia" or " Lamaia." No. 2514.

Island of St. Thomas. — In moist places along thickets in the
ascent to Monte Caffe from the town, between 10(J0 and 2000 ft. of
elevation, in the rainy season ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 2515.

3. FRANCHETELLA O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 2G7 (1891).
Heteromwpha Cham. & Schlecht (1826) ; Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. PI. i. p. 887; non Cass. (1817).

1. F. arborescens O. Knntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 267 (1891).

Heteromorpha arborescens Cham. & Schlecht. in Linntea i. p. 385,
t. 5, f. 2 (1826) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 10.

Var. platypiiylla (Welw. ms. in Herb.).

Leaflets ranging up to 6 in. long by 2| in. broad, elliptical.

PuNGO Andongo. — A herb, 5 to 7 ft. high, with the habit almost of
a Bupleurum ; flowers greenish-yellow. In damp thickets at the river
Cuanza, near Candumba ; fl. and fr. 29 and 30 Jan. 1857. No. 2507.

Var. stenophylla (Welw. ms. m Herb.)

Heteromorpha stenop)liylla Welw. ex Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 317
(1892) ; Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. p. 207 (1894).

Leaflets ranging np to 2 in. long by | in. broad, or rather
longer, narrowly elliptical ; petals with a broad, light brown
vitta carinalis.

HuiLLA. — In rather dry bushy places between Humpata and the
river Quipumpunhime, in company with Tridiodeama Medum Baker
and Piiiipindlaltuillemiti "Welw., plentifully, but seen nowhere else ; fl.
and fr. 23 April 1860. No 2508. In the same locality and company,
in more stony spots ; fl. and fr. April 1860. A form with even
narrower leaflets acute at the apex. No. 2508Z). A perennial herb ;
stems gregarious, 3 to 4 ft. high, glaucescent, branched, leafy ; flowers
yellow. In bushy pastures near Empalanca ; fr. 24 April 1860. Coll.
Cakp. 80.

Apiuin] LXVII. UMBELLlFER.i:. 425

4. APIUM Tourn., L. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 888.

1. A. leptophyllum F. Muell. ex Benth. Fl. Austral. iii. 372(1866).

Helosciadiuiii leptophyllum DC. Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. iv.
p. 493 (1828).

Pkinct/s Island.^ — A slender, subglaucous-gieen, annual herb ;
Hewers whitish ; involucre and involucels wanting ; carpophore
cylindrical, rather thick, undivided ; mericarps 5-sided. In unculti-
vated hollows and also in places formerly cultivated, near Bahia de
Santo Antonio, not uncommon ; fr. and few fl., the specimens nearly
all past fl. or mutilated, Sept. 1853. No. 2498.

Barra do BiCNfJo. — Annual ; stems slender, sometimes erect in
other cases prostrate-ascending, as well as the leaves herbaceous-green ;
flowers whitish ; involucre and involucels wanting. Along the banks
of the river Bengo, in plantations of Saccharum officinarum L. ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1853 and Jan. 1854. No. 2499o.

IcoLO E Bengo. — A soft, subglaucescent. deep-green, annual herb ;
stems ascending or sometimes almost straight ; flowers white, very
small, fugacious ; scent scarcely aromatic. By the river Bengo, not
far from Panda, in plantations of Ztii Jfays L. and Manihot utilissima
Pohl : fl. and fr. Feb. 1854. No. 2499^.

5. CARUM Riv., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 890.

1. C. Petroselinum Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 891 (1867).
Apium Petroselinum L. Sp. PL, edit. i. p. 264 (1753).

Pum;o Andongo.— Along roadsides and garden fences, apparently
perennial, very common and half wild and met with nearly throughout
the year, in nearly all parts of the pra3sidium of Pedras Negras, and '
growing in the streets and squares of the town ; fr. mostly in May.
See Welw. Apont. p. 552 under n. 109. No specimens collected.
No. 2513^

2. C. imbricatum Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii. p. 208 (1894).
HuiLLA.— Habit of C. rertic'dJutxnt Koch, but with very different

foliage, which as to the indumentum is almost like that of Lagcecia
Cuminoidpfi L. In moist meadows and along the banks of streams,
from Lopollo to the gieat lake of Ivantala ; fl. Jan. and fr. April
1860. No. 2513.

6. SIUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 893.

1. S. Thimbergii DC. Prodr. iv. p. 125 (1830); Hiern in Oliv.
FL Trop. Afr. iii. p. 13.

PuxGO Andongo. — A marsh herb with the habit of the genus. In
rather salt, swampy ])laces at Salinas do Dungo, near Quitage, in
company with Rupjiid : IMarch 1857. A young plant, with foliage
only and without inflorescence, perhaps referable to this species.
No. 2509.

2. S. repandum Welw. ms. in Herb.

A glabrous, pallid, bright green perennial herb ; stem erect,
widely fistular, finely pluri-.sulcate, 3 to 4 ft. high, cylindrical,
I to 1 in. in diameter at the ba.se, branched and leafy towards
the apex ; leaves herbaceous-green, very pleasantly aromatic,
imparipinnate ; root-leaves 1 to l.J ft. long, with a sliort common
petiole, and 9 to 18 pairs of ovate-oblong rather obtuse crenulate

426 LXVII. UMBELLIFER^. [Sium

opposite sessile membranous patent leaflets ranging up to 2| in.
long by i in. broad ; stem-leaves similar, with common petiole
fistular rather short dilated and sheathing, and leaflets linear or
nearly so, obtuse subacute or more or less apiculate, denticulate
or repand, rather rigid, ranging up to 3i in. long by | in. broad,
erect-patent, sessile ; teeth cartilaginous on the margin, sometimes
quite acute, in other cases rather obtuse, mostly adpressed and
thus making the margin of the leaflet look crenulate ; the
cartilaginous margin tui-ning a pretty red in the living .state, but
at length turning pale in the dry state, always tumid ; umbels
axillary and terminal, 1| to 2 in. in diameter; peduncle | to 2|
in. long, furrowed ; leaves of the involucre numerous, linear,
entire, i to f in. long ; rays of the umbel numerous ranging up
to nearly an inch ; leaves of the involucels several, .lanceolate,
nearly equalling the short rays of the involucre ; flowers from
greenish to yellowish ; young fruit purplish or somewhat brown.

Bumbo. — At the banks of streams in the primitive forest near
Bumbo, in company with Rammcuhis pinnatus Poir. (Welw. Herb.
No. 1209) and a species of Sali.r ; Oct. 1859. A young plant, with
foliage only and without inflorescence, apparently this species. No. 2510.

HuiLLA.— At the banks of streams and in flooded places in the valley
of Lopollo, from Humpata towards Jau, abundant ; fl. and young fr.
Jan. 18G0. No. 2511.

Apparently nearly related to the last species, but the fi-uits seen are
too young to enable its affinity to be definitely assigned.

7. PIMPINELLA Eiv., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. p. 893.

1. P. huillensis Welw. ex Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 319 (1892).
HuiLLA. — Stems quite glabrous ; fruits densely muriculate. In

rocky pastures among short bushes near Humpata, in company with
FrcuicTiftelhi arborfsce/is O. Kuntze, var. stenopltyUa (Welw. Herb.
No. 2508) ; fl. and fr. 23 April 1860. No. 2502. ' Slender, perennial,
tuberous : radical leaves rosulate, oblong : fr. May 1860. Coll.
Carp. 626.

Var. elatior Welw. ms. in Herb.

F. Welwitschii Engl,, I.e.

A taller plant than the type; stem-leaves occasionally trifoliolate.

HuiLLA. — Flowers white. In rather open, sandy forests composed
©f Panda-trees, between Eme and the lake of Ivantala ; fl. Jan. and
end of Feb. 1860. Nos. 2503 and 2503/^.

2. P. platyphylla Welw. ms. in Herb.

An ei-ect perennial remarkably aromatic herb ; root thick,
fusiform, with a very strong rank odour ; stem terete, firm,
subglabrovis, finely sulcate-striate, pithy, usually branched in the
upper part, about 3 to 5 ft. high ; radical leaves reniform or
orbicular-cordiform, glaucoiis, rigidly coriaceous, more or less
rosulate, simple, dilated towards the apex, very obtuse, 2 to 5 in.
in diameter or more, broadly and sharply denticulate or repand on
the margin, puberulous, petiolate, quickly breaking up after the
spring rains ; stem-leaves oval, deeply cordate at the base, smaller ;

Pimpinella] Lxvii. umbellifeR/K. 427

petiole 1 to 4 in. long, dilated towards the base, amplexicaul,
scarcely sheathing at the base, more or less puberulous ; the upper-
most leaves reduced to a dilated amplexicaul scarcely sheathing
petiole of I to 1 g in. long tipped with a short laciniate limb ;
umbels terminating the paniculately or corymbosely divided stem,
1| to 2 in. in diameter ; involucre and involucels wanting ; rays of
the umbel 12 to 20 ; flowers white or from whitish to greenish ;
ovary densely setose.

PuNCo Andongo, — In rocky bushy pastures at the banks of .streams
within the fortified lines of Pungo Andongo ; fl., one specimen in
December 1856, more abundant in May 1857. No. 2504.

This plant is held in high repute by the native medical men on
account of its aromatic and stimulating root ; it is thus becoming rarer
and rarer in the vicinity of the settlements ; it is used in cases of
spasmodic coHc and diarrhoea. The native name is " Dongolundo."

8. FffiNICULUM Tourn., Mill. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i.
p. 902.

1. F. vulgare Mill. Gard. Diet., edit. 8, n. 1 (17G8).

GoLUN(i(> Alto and Puxiio Andongo. — In rocky places, wild and
cultivated, thriving well, frequent ; fl. and fr. April 1854 and April
1857. Nos. 2505 and 25056.

See Welw. Apont., p. 552 under n. 109.

9. PHYSOTRICHIA Hiern in Journ. Bot. xi. p. 161, t. 132
(June 1873); Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 41, t. 1358 (Oct. 1881).

1. P. Welwitschii Hiern, I.e.

PuNGo Andongo. — A perennial herb, but little aromatic, with the
habit of a 'rnnljiHiiiii ; root thick, vertical, branched at the ape.x below
the ground ; flowering stems several, scape-like, sparingly branched in
the upper part, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves coriaceous, rather hard, ternately
or pinnately compound ; ultimate leaflets crenate-dentate, narrowed
towards the base, rather strongly nerved, not rarely folded in the
living state ; flowers white, the outer ones in each umbel hermaphrodite,
the central ones male : bracts of the involucre and involucels numerous,
sub-membranous ; calyx-teeth elongate-subulate, conspicuous, acute,
somewhat unequal, rather erect, persistent, indurated and scarcely or
but little accrescent in fruit ; petals equal, obovate or rather obcor-
date, inflexed at the apex, not radiant ; stylopods thick, somewhat
lobed ; stigmas large, atroi)urpureous ; fruit-ridges 10, densely and
irregularly covered with straight cylindrical obtuse conspicuous papilla;
which when old become turgid and appear bladdery : mericarps nearly
flat in the face ; seeds hollowed on the face. In thinly bushy sandy
places not far from the left bank of the river Cuije. near Banza de
Quitage towards Quibinda ; fl. and sparingly in fr. March 1857.
No. 2512.

10. PEUCEDANUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i.
p. 918.

1. P. fraxinifolium Jliein ex Oliv. in Tran.s Linn. Soc. xxix.
p. 79, t. 42 (1873); Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 22;
Ficalho, PI. Utei.s, j). 192 (1884); Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 322
(1892). Steganotcenia araliacea var. «, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i.

428 Lxvii. UMBELLIFBR^. [Peuceclanum

p. 328 (1847), non Steganotcenia araliacea Hochst. Alvardia
arborea Fenzl in Flora 1844, p. 312, n. 494 ; Welw. vSynopse Explic.
p. 10, n. 19. P. araliaceum Vatke in Linnsea xl. p. 188 (April
1876); Engl., I.e., p. 321 partly (1892); \fiT. fraxinifoUum Engl.
Pflanzenw. Ost Afrik., C, p. 300 (1895) ; non Hiern in Oliv., I.e.,
iii. p. 21.

SiKREA Leone. — A shrub, as tall as a man ; leaves clustered near
the top of the branches. In wooded places between Freetown and the
Sugar-loaf mountains ; without either fl. or fr. middle of Sept. 1853.
No. 2516.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A tree, 25 to 30 ft. high or sometimes even
higher ; trunk 1 to 1^ ft. in diameter at its base, with few or no
branches in the lower part, with strict branches and curved-spreading
branchlets in the upper part, both glaucous, the latter flowering ;
wood white, rather soft, aromatic ; leaves dull-green ; general invo-
lucre of the umbels many-leaved ; partial involucres deeply 5-cleft,
with the segments a little unequal, lanceolate-acuminate : calyx-teeth
5, ovate-triangular, acuminate ; petals yellow, ovate-elliptical, not
clawed, concave, terminating in a spathulate involute lolDe as long
as the rest of the petal ; anthers yellow, the cells rather distant. In
primitive forests throughout the district, mostly sporadic, either a
shrub or a tree ; in Sobato de Bango at Bumba ; ti. June and July
1855 ; at Bango Aquitamba, fr. Feb. 1856 ; Serra de Alto Queta, Aug.
1855. Native name " Calusange." No. 2517- A stout tree ; trunk
2 to 2J ft. in diameter at the base ; bark transversely corky-rugose ;
wood white, resinous. Mata de Quisuculo ; fr. Sept. 1855. A medici-
nal plant. Coll. Carp. 631.

Zenza do Golungo. — A shrub, H to 3 ft. high ; stem simple ;
leaflets deeply toothed. On slopes with scattered shrubs on the way
between Tanderachique and Tandambunde, sporadic and very scarce ;
ripe fr. Sept. 1857. No. 2518. An arborescent shrub, with deciduous
leaves. At Tanderaxique ; fr. Sept. 1854. Coll. Carp. 628.

The true Calusange, from 15 to 30 ft. high or more, with a
trunk 6 to 16 in. in diameter, occurs in all the primitive forests
in the interior ; the leaves have a sweet and pleasant aroma,
lasting a long time even in the dried leaves (see Welw. Synopse
Explic. p. 10, n. 19, and Apont. p. 552 under n. 109). Welwitsch
describes P. fraxinifolhmi as the queen of the Umbellifei-se in
Angola, and indeed in tropical Africa, if not even in the whole
world ; it was becoming gradually scarce because the negroes
used it everywhere as the most important remedy against chest
complaints, asthma, etc., and it often occurred in a mutilated
condition, as the negroes continually cut off the leaves and flowering
umbels at the extremities of the branches to make plasters and
concoctions ; the wood is white with rather a fine grain, but soft
and very readily attacked by species of Bostrichus and other
beetles ; the tree produces between the wood and bark a layer of
very aromatic resin, nearly j or i in. thick, not unlike gum
galbanum. The majority of the specimens about Bango Aqui-
tamba and Trombeta were from 12 to 15 ft., a few about 20 ft.
high, with the trunk, a foot above the ground, of 6 to 9 in. in
diameter ; but, in the stony primaeval forest extending almost

Peucedantan] Lxvii. umbellifer/E. 420

uninterruptedly from above Sange in Serra de Alto Queta to
the bridge over the Coango stream, Welwit.seh saw, among
several smaller ones, a tree at least 30 ft. high u-ith ripe fruit ;
with reference to this he remarked that botanically it would
have been a deadly sin to have this giant Umbellifer cut down
for the purpose of obtaining poles ; subsequently he cut down
near Bango in the forest of Quisucula a tree 18 ft. high for a
couple of poles, one of which reached Europe without being
destroyed by insects : on one occasion he saw his hammock negroes
collect the leaves not only for medical purposes but also to put them
on their shoulders under the bearing poles to prevent the chafing
of the skin. If no measures are taken to prevent the devastation
of the primagval forests in the highlands of Angola, and if in the
future it is left to the self-interest and inconsiderate cupidity of the
ignorant colonists to burn down miles of the magnificent forests,
for the pvirpose of planting a very indifferent knid of coffee or
bad cotton trees among the ashes, the possibility is that the noble
Calusange will soon become very rare and may before long quite
disappear from the country. It prefers a rich damp soil, and
appears to thrive best and to attain its greatest height in places
covered mth the remains of leaves.

This is the Umbellifer referred to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iii. p. 151 (185i)), of which the leaves form one of the most
famous remedies of the negroes, and of which the wood is used as timber.

Var, haemanthum (Welw. ms, in Herb.).

Flowers atropurpureous, nearly blood-red.

HuiLLA. — A slender shrub, about 3 ft. high, with 2 to 4 stems from
the base ; stems erect, simple or sparingly branched, the younger ones
purplish, transversely scarred ; stem-leaves very bright green, simply
impari-pinnate, 4-jugate ; petiole long, deep yellowish-reddish ; leaf-
lets oval or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, more or less acuminate
and protracted into an elongated seta, serrate-dentate on the margin,
with the teeth long- and subulate-setose, glabrous on both faces, pallid -
subglaucous beneath, very shortly petiolulate ; umbels terminal ;
flower-buds almost blood-red ; flowers polygamous ; peduncle with an
accessory involucre below the general involucre ; rays of the umbel
16 to 20 ; calyx-teeth distinct, narrowly deltoid, acute, persistent at
least on the young fruit ; petals when laid flat ovate-lanceolate with
a retuse acumen, appearing obovate and emarginate on account of the
inflexed acumen and impressed midrib ; disk depressed, nearly flat,
slightly or scarcely undulate on the margin ; ovary glaucous-purplish :
stylopods small or rather the styles but little thickened at the base, in
the male flowers only punctiform or very short and without stigmas.
By a thicket on a sandy soil, near Lopollo, only one specimen seen : fl.
without fr. Feb. 1860. No. 2519-

2. P. muriculatum Welw. ms. in Herb.

A rather scabrid erect perennial herb, with the habit of a
parsnip, 1^ to 2 ft. high; root cylindrical, succulent, stem
furrowed, somewhat branched in the upper half or two-thirds,
shortly muriculate ; radical and lower leaves rigidly herbaceous,
pinnately trifoliolate, petiolate, 2 to 3| in. long besides the petiole

430 Lxvii. UMBELLIFER.E. [Peucedanum

of about the same length, 2 to 3| in. broad ; leaflets pinnately
3-5-partite ; segments obovate or oblong, rounded or apieulate at
the apex, usually more or less wedge-shaped at the base, more or
less scabrid, muriculate-scabrid on the margin, toothed, the
terminal one usually the largest ; upper leaves gradually smaller
with narrower segments ; umbels terminating the stem and
branches, 2 to 3 in. in diameter ; bracts of the general involucre
several, small, lanceolate or sub-linear, entire, acute, patent or
reflexed ; rays of the umbel 7 to 11, unequal, ranging up to 1 to
2 in. long, shortly muriculate ; bracts of the partial involucres
several, sub-linear, acute, entii'e, spreading, small, as long as some
and shorter than others of the rays of the small umbellules ; rays
of the umbellules 7 to 15, unequal, short in flower, ranging up
to i in. long in fruit : flowers yellowish or greenish-white ; fruit
-| to I in. long, obovate-oblong, dorsally compressed, i to | in.
broad, glabrous ; mericarps winged.

HuiLLA. — In somewhat rocky bushy pastures between Mumpulla
and Nene, not common : fl. and ripe fr. end of May and beginning of
June 1860. No. 2520. In sandy bushy places among short grass,
about Lopollo and towards the lake of Ivantala ; also road near Ohai ;
fl. and young fr. April, May, and end of Feb. 1860. A form with more
obtuse teeth to the lobes of the leaves. No. 2521.

11. LEFEBVREA A. Rich, in Ann, Sc. Nat., Ser. 2, xiv. pp. 260,
384, t. 15 f. 1 (1840); Benth.&Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 921 (Lefeburia).

1. L. benguelensis Welw. ex Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 322 (1892)
(Lefeburia). In the absence of ripe fruit the determination of
the genus is .somewhat doubtful.

HuiLLA. — A herb, 6 to 8 ft. high, annual biennial or triennial, with
a habit suggestive of Levisticuut nfficlnale Koch : stem straight, ranging
up to H in. in diameter at the base, quite glabrous, glossy, bright
blood-red below, decked with blood-red lines or spots above ; with
elongated branches from the base, tumid at the nodes ; lower branches
4 to 5 ft. long, spreading or erect-patent, the upper ones gradually
shorter, all in the axils of variously dissected or pinnate widely and
long-sheathing leaves ; radical leaves as well as the upper leaves very
variable as to the shape of their leaflets ; general involucre wanting ;
bracts of the partial involucels 6 to 8 ; flowers polygamous ; the central
umbels hermaphrodite, the lateral ones mostly male, apparently without
styles or with rudimentary ones ; flowers from greenish to yellowish ;
calyx-limb inconspicuously toothed ; petals ovate-lanceolate, involute
at the apex : stamens longer than the petals, with red anthers ; stylo-
pods large, turgid in fruit, deflexed on both sides : fruit dorsally
compressed, obovate, subtrancate at the apex, winged at the margin ;
mericarps marked somewhat inconspicuously with 3 obtuse ridges
almost obsolete towards the base of the fruit, the two lateral ones
passing into the wings of the fruit. In the drier hilly places near
Lopollo and among plantations of Sorghum, abundant; fl. and young fr.
March 1860. Fruiting specimens lost in the war with the Monanos.
No. 2524. Among plantations of PeincUlaria near Lopollo ; in young
fl. Feb. 1860. No. 2524a. In neglected fields formerly planted with
Penicillaria at Monino ; fl. April 1860. A form with acutely lobed
leaf -segments. No. 2525.

Le/ebvrea] i,.\\ii. um belli fer.e. 431

2. L. angolensis Welw. ex Ficalho in Bol. Hoc. Geogr. Lisb., Ser. 2,
p. 712 (6 April 1882) [Lefehuria); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 192 (1884).

Alvardia (sp.), Welw. A pout. p. 590, n. 92. Lefehuria Wd-
loitschii Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. p. 322 (1892).

Goi.UNGo Alto. — A herb, 3 to 5. rarely (J, ft. high, varying from
annual to triennial, with the aroma of turpentine : stem erect, cylindrical,
rather obtusely angular, filled with a white pith, spotted with purple
below, especially at the origin of the branches, branched from the
base : lower branches erect-patent, very long (4 to "> ft.), slender,
distant, the upper ones approximated ; leaves broad, semi-amplexicaul,
very variable in shape, sometimes pellucid-punctate ; bracts of the
involucels several, lanceolate, much acuminate, membranous on the
margin ; flowers from greenish to yellowish, polygamous : calyx-teeth
scarcely conspicuous : petals ovate-orbicular, broadly subcordate at the
base, sessile, apical acumen obtuse, inflexed or subemarginate ; stylopod
depresso-conical, with several small lobes <m the deflexed margin,
inserted in the deep sinus l)etween the prolonged wings of the fruit :
styles short, incurved, elongating, deflexed in fruit : jjrimary ridges on
the carpels 3 : vittie broad ; a secondary ridge on each side of the
primary ones undulated, vittate within. In the damp shady primitive
forests of ]\Iata de Quisucula, especially along streams, near Bango
Aquitamba ; fl. and young fr. May; fr. June ISoG. Negro name
" Calusange cafele " (small calusange). In Mata de Alto Queta.
young fl. beginning of April 185G. Xo. 2522. An annual or biennial
herb, 2 to 4 ft. or more, with the habit and mode of growth of Carum.
Pctrosdi/iuii), very resinous ; flowers turning yellowish, small, rather
fleshy, not dia'cious ; calyx-limb tumid on the margin, without teeth ;
petals ovate, concave, greenish, scarcely patent even during flowering,
mostly scarious at the apex. Young root tuberous. In shady places
in the primitive forests of Alto Queta and in deep hollows at Quibanga:
fl. and fr. April and May 1856. No. 2522?^. An annual herb; root
long, fusiform : stem 3 to 4 ft. high, erect, purplish ; leaves herbaceous-
green : flowers apparently yellowish. In the primitive forest of
Quisucula, rather rare; fr. 8 Sept. 1855. Coi.i.. C.viu'. G27. Herba-
ceous. In primitive forests by streams ; fr. July 1857. Coll. Carp.
629. A herb, 3 to 5 ft. high, branched above ; leaves compound :
flowers yellowish. In the moist primitive forest of Quisucula near
streams, at Cungulungulo : fr. July 1858. Negro name ''Calusange
ofele." Coll. Carp. 630.

PuNGO Andongo. — A herb, 3 ft. high, apparently biennial or
perhaps perennial, with yellowish flowers. In royky thickets at the
banks of streams near Catete : fl. and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 2523.
An erect, annual biennial or perennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with the
habit of parsley : stems i)urplish : leaves decompound, ternato-partite :
ultimate segments of the radical leaves broad and oval, of the stem-
leaves narrower obcuneate, all acutely dentate ; flowers yellowish or
greenish-yellowish : petals greenish-yellow, bordered with purple, not
appendaged, shorter than the stamens. In damp secondary thickets
near the stream Tangue within the fortified lines of Punsro Andongo :
fl. middle and end of (22, 29 and 30) Jan. 1857. No. 2523A.

Coll. Carp. 94 consists of ripe fruits of a much branched annual
umbellifer, 4 to G ft. high with compound leaves : they were grown in
Senhor Kneissman's garden in Huilla in May 18G0, and appear to
belong to this genus and either to this or the previous species.

432 Lxvii. UMBELLiFER^. [Coviandrum

12. CORIANDRUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. t Hook. f. Gen. PI i
p. 926.

1. C. sativum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 256 (1753); Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p 3.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Along the streams Delamboa, Quibolo, etc. ; fre-
quently cultivated and often wild ; fl. and fr. August 1856. No. 2506-

See Welw. Apont. p. 552 under n. 109.

13. CAUCALIS Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 928.
1. C. mossamedensis Welw. ms. in Herb.

An annual herb, 6 to 18 inches high, dichotomously branched
from the base, aromatic ; branches divaricate or spreading,
glabrate or nearly so, furrowed, leafy ; leaves pinnatisect,
herbaceou.s-green, ranging up to 3 inches long ; ultimate segments
linear, glabrous or nearly so or slightly lepidote ; petiole dilated,
short, clasping towards the base, often ciliolate ; umbels leaf-
opposed and terminal, 1 to 2 inches in diameter; peduncles ranging-
up to 4 inches long, striate ; bracts of the involucre and of the
involucels narrowly linear, several, hairy, ranging up to | inch
long, acute; rays of the umbel 6 to 10; umbellules densely
flowered ; flowers white, on short pedicels ; calyx-limb obsolete or
concealed by the whitish hairs of the densely setose ovary ; petals
incurved at the apex ; stamens exserted ; anthers violet -coloured ;
fruit ovoid, laterally compressed, constricted at the commissure :
carpels almost terete ; ridges all obscure or not prominent, densely
setose with irregularly arranged whitish prickles ; vittae all
solitary ; stylopod conical, more or less free from the prominent
axis of the carpophore ; styles divaricate or nearly deflexed ;
carpophore bipartite ; seeds dorsally somewhat compressed,
broadly furrowed or almost hollowed on the face.

MossAMEDES. — In the sparingly herbaceous maritime depressions
among gravelly hills above Praia da Amelia, towards the mouth of the
river Caroca. near Cabo Negro, nearly always in company with
Merremia mtdtisecta Hallier (Welw. Herb. No. 6112) and Qisel-ia,
abundant, but seen only in one place ; fl. and fr. 4 Sept. 1859.
No. 2500- In moist sandy places at the banks of the river Bero,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 2501.

This belongs to the section Torilis, and is probably the plant referred
to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 185 (1861) as a Phnpinella-
like annual Umbellifer.

LXVIII. ARALIACEiE.

1. CUSSONIA Thunb. ; Benth. k Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 944.

1. C. angolensis Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 32.

S])hcfrodendron angolense Seem, in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 34, t. 26
(1865), and Eev. Heder. p. 37, t. 1 (1868).

Ambaca. — A tree, 15 to 25 feet high ; trunk 1 to ]| feet in diameter,
very strictly erect, in the adult state bare to a great extent, bearing at
the apex an exactly spherical head of branches and foliage and
presenting a remarkable appearance, especially when the trees are
massed and grouped into woods ; flowers greenish. In the denser but

CuSSOnia] LXVIII. ARALIACEyE. 433

lower woods from Isanga to N<{omba, occasionally forming foresfs,
abundant : fr. Oct. 1856. No. 480.

PuNco Andongo. — A tree, 15 to 30 feet high, the older ones with
a trunk 2 feet in diameter or more at the base ; trunk conical, very
erect, bare for two-thirds its height, then densely crowned with a
spherical head ; bark spongy : wood white, tough, durable, used for
many purposes, chiefly for house building ; leaves 8-foliolate ; leaflets
thinly coriaceous, rather fleshy and glossy ; flowers greenish, herma-
phrodite, arranged in straight racemes which are 1 .V feet long at the
extremities of the branches spongy-clavate and congested ; calyx- tube
adnate to the ovary, with a very short obsoletely 5-dentate limb not
exceeding the depresso-conical disk ; petals 5, inserted at the margin
of the disk, very patent at the time of flowering ; stamens 5, inserted
with the petals and alternating with them ; anthers incumbent ; ovary
inferior, crowned with the epigynous disk, 2-celled ; cells uni-ovulate ;
ovules anatropous : styles 2, short, thick, straight, more or less
connate, truncate, stigmatose at the apex ; fruit not juicy. In forests
about the presidium along the banks of the river Cuanza, and of the
stream Luxillo, in rather dry situations, abundant ; fl. beginning of
Dec. 1856, fr. March 1857. Native name " Mussdsa " or "Musassa"
or " Mussa§a." No. 479.

Huii.LA. — A tree, 20 feet high and more, sufficiently singular ;
trunk elongated-conical, always very strictly vertical, fasciculately
branched at the apex ; head of foliage precisely globular. In the
drier forests, especially on a sandy soil, between LopoUo and the great
lake of Ivantala, at an elevation of 5,00i » feet, non uncommon ;
without either fl. or fr. Feb. 1860. Frequently used at Lopollo for
making boundary fences, by driving in stakes to take root after the
fashion of willow-pitchers. Native name '' Mupongo." No. 481.

See Welw. Apont. p. 553, n. 110.

According to Welwitsch the name of this genus was originally given
and communicated by him to Seemann before its publication by the
latter. It is the plant referred to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iii. p. 153 (1859), as a new genus of Araliacese.

LXIX.— RUBIACE^.

In Angola proper, Rubiaceje are not so abundant in the littoral
region as in the mountainous and highland region.s, where they
constitute a considerable proportion of the total vegetation in the
pi'imseval forests; tlie coast species are almost exclusively trees
or shrubs ; those of the mountainous region are for the most part
woody climbers or trees of noble habit, furnishing excellent
timber for building, as for example " Mangue do monte "
[Corynanthe paniculata), and " Mungo " {Mamhoga stipulosa) ;
and in the highland region herbaceous species are mostly met
with, not less conspicuous, however, by rea.son of the elegance of
their habit and the brilliancy of their flowers.

In this family, and particularly in the Cinchone?e and neigh-
bouring tribes, the calyx and corolla are both pentamerous and
hexamerous in one and the same individual plant, and in the
same species some specimens are seen throughout As-ith pentamerous
and others \nih. hexamerous flowers, witliout any accompanying

28

434 LXix. RUBiACE.¥. [Adiiia

difference in the character of the foliage, etc. ; this condition
occurs very commonly in the genus Fadogia. It is extraordinary
that the number of stamens and divisions of the parts of the
flowers is sometimes 4, sometimes 5 or 6 ; and this state of things
is conspicuous also in Loganiacese even to a greater extent, while
the contiguous families of Apocynacese and Asclepiadacese are
strictly pentamerous throughout, and Gentianaceaj but seldom
have flowers varying from the tetramerous to the pentamerous
condition.

The arborescent and shrubby members of the family, that is,
nearly all with the exception of the tribes Oldenlandiese and
Spermacocete, greatly diminish in number of species in western
tropical Africa from the 12th or 13th degree of south latitude
southwards ; they occur more abundantly nearer the equator ;
but on the eastern side of the continent numerous species of
Tricalysia, Gardenia, and several small genera such as Alberta
extend to Natal and the Cape. Tropical Africa abounds with
Gardeniese, which are adorned with magnificent flowers, and
often with splendid foliage which, in freshness, gloss, and elegant
arrangement, surpasses that of most of the remaining Rubiacea?.

Welwitsch advised tiie introduction and cultivation of Cinchona
into the island of St. Thomas and of Ipecacuanha into Golungo
Alto. See Welwitsch, Apont. p. 549, n. 87, and p. 579, note 12 ;
Synopse Explic. p. 10, n. 20.

Aromatic flowers occur frequently, especially in the white-
flowering trees and shrubs. The largest spines occur in Gimiera
angolensis Welw. Useful wood is supplied by several species of
Gardeniese, equal to box-wood or still better ; Adina microcej)liala
also affords excellent wood for cabinet-makers' woi-k, and Goffea
for furniture.

In his diary, 14 Feb., 1857, Welwitsch notes as collected in
Pungo Andongo, during an excursion to Quilanga, an annual
creeping and ascending Rubiacea, with the habit of Saxifraga
§ Rohertsonia ; I have not identified any such specimen.

1. ADINA Salisb.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 30 (April
1873).

1. A. microcephala Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 40 ;
Haviland in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxiii. p. 42 (1897).

Naudea microcephala Delile in Caill. PL Afr. p. 67 (1826), non
Wall. A. lasiantha K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrik., C,
p. 378 (1895). Adina (sp. n.), Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 193 (1884).

Bumbo.— A handsome lofty evergreen tree, renowned for its
excellent hard wood ; trunk 3 to 8 or even more than 12 ft. (?) in
diameter. In primitive forests by streams near Bumbo ; fl. and fr.
17 and 18 Oct. 1859. Colonial name " Pdo d'oleo," or "Pau de oleo.''
No 3029.

Var. Galpini.

A. Galjnni Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2386 (1895). A. micro-
cephala, var. y8, Haviland, I.e., p. 43. Leaves verticillate, ternate.

Adina] lxix. rubiace.e. 435

narrowly lanceolate-elliptical, narrowed at both ends, 3 to 9 in.
long by g to 1| in. broad, resembling those of a willow.

MosSAMKDKS. — A vast tree, 5i> ft. high or more, with the habit of
Nerlum Oleander L. ; wood hard, oily, very excellent : branches
erect-spreading ; leaves coriaceous, not milky. Called by the colonists
"Pao d'Oleo." On rocks at Bocca do Rio Bero : without either fl. or
fr., beginning of July 185!). No. 3028.

According to a note of Welwitsch this species is known by the native
name of " Mohambo."

2. MAMBOGA Blanco, Fl. Filipinas, edit. 1, p. 140 (1837).
Mitra(ji/na K'orthals, Obs. Naucl. Ind. p. 19 (1839), non

Mitragyne Br. (1810) = Mitrasacme Labill. (1804). ^tephegyae
Korth. (1840 ?) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 31.

1. M. stipulosa.

NaucUa stqmlosa DC. Prodr. iv. p. 346 (1830). X. bracteosa
Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 48. n. 130 (1862). Mitragyne macro-
phylla Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 41 ; Ficalbo, PI. Uteis,
p. 193 (1884). M. stipulosa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 289
(1891). Mitragyna maa'ophylla Haviland in Journ. Linn. Soc,
xxxiii. p. 72 (1897).

GoLUNGO Alto. — An extensive tree, 40 to 50 ft. high ; wood good ;
branches patent ; leaves very large, ovate or obovate, coriaceous,
glossy ; stipules the largest seen by Welwitsch amongst Angolan
RubiaceEB ; bracts spathulate, pilose ; calyx shortly tubular, scarious,
truncate, with an entire margin ; capsule 10-ribbed, more or less
pentagonal, scarcely bursting at the base. At the banks of the river
Casaballa in Sobato de Bumba : fl.-bud and young fr. 22 Oct. 1855.
Native name '• Mungo." No. 3027. Bumba ; heads of fl.-buds 22 Oct.
1855. '■ Mungo," Coll. Carp. 632.

Aerantlms Gnyonianm Reichenb. f. (Welw. Herb. No. 653), grew as
an epiphyte on the branches of this tree. This, one of the trees
called "Mungo,"' is much prized by the inhabitants of Golungo Alto
on account of the excellence of its wood, which is used for house-
building and furniture (see Welw., I.e.). The smaller leaves bear a
tolerably close resemblance to the foliage of .^forelia seiiegaletisis
A. Rich., a plant of tropical Africa north of the Equator.

3. OUROUPARIA Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 177. t. 68 (1775).
Uncaria Schreb. Gen. i. p. 125 (1789); Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. PI. ii. p. 31.

1. 0. africana Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par. i. p. 228 (1879).

Cncaria africana G. Don, Gen. Syst. iii. p. 471 (1834); Hiern
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 41. Uruparia africana O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 301 (1891).

Var. angolensis.

Uncaria africana x&v. angolensis Haviland in Journ. Linn. Soc.
xxxiii. p. 76 (1897).

An arborescent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence; trunk
in some cases moi-e than 100 ft. long and 6 in. in the lower part,
climbing to a very great height and then hanging down ;

436 LXix. RUBIACE^, [Ouroiqxiria

branches patent, fuscous, rather glossy, tetragonal, leaves
opposite, elliptical, narrowly acuminate at the apex, obtusely
narrowed or nearly rounded at the base, thinly coriaceous, glossy,
dark-green above, paler beneath, 2 to 4| in. long, | to 1| m.
broad ; lateral veins about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender ;
petiole 3 to I in. long ; stipules ovate, small, somewhat hairy on
the inner face, early deciduous ; spines axillary, mostly crooked,
I to I in. long ; flower-heads terminating the branches, shortly
pedunculate, globose, about 2 in. in diameter ; flowers golden-
tawny, abovit I to I in. long (including the exserted style), very
numerous, crowded ; pedicels about g to i in. long in flower,
I in. long in fruit, tomentellous ; bracts 0 ; calyx silky-tomentellous
with short upward hairs, somewhat constricted above the ovary,
greenish-fuscous; tube broader than the ovary, campanulate,
funnel-shaped, i to 4 in. long, shortly 5-cleft, lobes thickly
lanceolate ; corolla | to f in. long ; tube slender, except the base
clothed outside with downward tawny short silky-tomentose
hairs, | in. long ; limb much broader than the tube, hemi-
spherical, i to I in. in diameter, golden-tawny tomentose outside,
glabrous inside, deeply 5-lobed; segments about g in. long,
obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex with an apiculus ; stamens
5, about half as long as the corolla-lobes, glabrous, introrse,
inserted on short flattened filaments at the base of the corolla-
limb ; ovary ellipsoidal, tomentose, rather thicker than the base of
the calyx-hmb, much thinner than the top of the calyx-limb ; style
filiform, exserted about | in. beyond the corolla, glabrous below,
stigmatose and rather thickened in the upper part towards the
clavate stigma ; young fruit subglabrous, about | in. long, i in.
thick, narrowed at both ends especially towards the base.

GoLUNfiO Alto. — In the primitive forests of Sobato de Mussengue,
rather rare ; fl. middle Feb. ; young fr. March 1856. No. 3030. In
the very dense primitive forest of Quibanga, sporadic; ft. -bud, Jan.
1856. No. 3031.

4. HYMENODICTYON Wall.; Benth.&Hook. f. Gen.Pl.ii.p.35.

1. H. Kurria Hochst. in Flora xxvi. p. 71 (1843) ; Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 42.

PuNGO Andongo. — A small tree of 8 to 10 ft. ; trunk straight,
4 to 5 in. in diameter near the base ; head dense, hemispherical ;
leaves thickly coriaceous, rather rigid, almost membranous in the
dried state, subglaucous-green, the new ones very large ; marginal
glands of the stipules clavate, thick, turning red ; bracts below the
racemes 2 together, lanceolate, almost like those in Tilia, dry, on long
stalks. In rocky shady parts of the preesidium, Barranco da Pedra
Songue at the banks of the Ca-Salale not common ; fl. Nov. 1856 ; fr.
March and May 1867. No. 3032.

Var. tomentellum (Welw. ms. in Herb.).

A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high; head ovoid-globose, lax;
branches erect- spreading, somewhat twisted; leaves canescent-
tomentose beneath, crowded towards the extremities of the
branchlets ; flowers from whitish to yellowish, slightly fragrant.

II//menodictijoii] lxix. rubiace^. 437

HriLLA. — In the more elevated wooded rocky but little shady parts
of Morro de Lopollo, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1850 ; fr. March 18G0. No. 3033.

5. CORYNANTHE Welw. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 3G.
1. C. paniculata Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 37, t. 14

(1869) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 43 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 194.

Rubiacea, Welw. Synopse Expl. p. 7, n. 2 (1862).

GoM'NGo Alto. — A very useful and magnificent tree, 40 to 60 ft.
high, with the habit of Plnllnrea laO/'dia L. ; trunk straight, very
rarely bent, 1 to 2^ ft. in diameter near the base : wood very dense,
excellent, of fine grain, white, hard, durable, used in housebuilding and
for many other purposes ; branches rather erect, the lower ones usually
directed downwards on the adult tree, leaves opposite, coriaceous, but
little glossy (or in the dried state glossy-green above), evergreen :
flowers thyrsoid, collected in terminal panicles, white, slightly fragrant,
much frequented by bees, leather fleshy : calyx oblong-campanulate,
green, 5-toothed, inferior, persistent, including the ovary ; corolla white,
hypocrateriform, shaggy at the throat, spreading in flower, with a fleshy
subturbinate tube inserted on the throat of the calyx, with a 5-clef t
limb and gibbous ovate lobes valvate in aestivation, and having a long
club-like whitish appendage below their hooded tops ; stamens 5, alter-
nating with the corolla-lobes, exserted : filaments sub-obsolete ; anthei-s
rigid, fleshy, linear-oblong, subsessile at the throat of the corolla,
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, attached at the middle of the back :
cells a little diverging below, subulate and empty at the apex ; ovary
ovoid-conical ; style thickly filiform, central, filling the whole cavity of
the corolla-tube, exserted at the time of flowering, white ; stigma
ovoid, obtuse, thick, rather compressed, longitudinally furrowed,
white ; capsule fuscous, bi-sulcate, mucronate with the persistent
calyx-teeth. Forming extensive forests in nearly all the more elevated
parts of Quilombo and Mata de Alto Queta ; fl. Jan. to May, fr.
March to July. 1855 and 185G ; about Montalegre (Cungulungulo),
Feb. 1855. Native name " Mangue," the Portuguese name is " Mangue
do Monte " or " Paco de Grolungo Alto. ' No. 1508.

It occurs also in similar situations in the districts of C.\zengo and
Demf.os. On the bark of this tree grew the Lichens nn. 130, 139, and on
its wood the P^ungus n. 36(5.

6. CROSSOPTERYX Fenzl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 4L
1. C. Kotschyana Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. Dec. (vi.) p. 46 (1839) :

Hieni in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 44 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 194
(1884).

C. africana Baill. Hist. PI. vii. p. 489 (1879). Rubiacea, Welw.
Apont. p. 590 [n. 96].

GoLUNGO Alto. — A loosely branched tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; trunk
4 to 6 in. iu diameter near the base ; branches elongated, erect-spread-
ing ; branchlets dilatate-flattcued at the nodes from which tlie inflores-
cence arises ; leaves bright-green, sub-tomentose beneath, deciduous ;
capsule 2-valved, dehiscing at the apex, 2-celled ; cells many-seeded ;
seeds surrounded with a fringed wing. In rough places at the borders
of the primitive forests of Alto Queta : scarcely ripe fr. June 1856.
No. 3034. A shrub of 12 ft., with spreading branches, and leaves
deciduous at the time of fruiting. Structure of the fruit very curious.
At Catomba ; fr. July 1850. Coll. C.vkf. 633.

438 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Crossopteryx

Zenza do Golungo. — A small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with spreading
or suberect branches and opposite coriaceous dull-green deciduous
leaves ; capsule chartaceous- woody, crustaceous, crowned at the apex
with the remains of the calyx-limb, 2-valved, 2-celled ; cells 5- to 8-
seeded : seeds obovate-ellipsoidal, compressed, surrounded with a broad
radiating membranous fringed wing ; albumen surrounding the small
straight embryo; cotyledons flat. In hilly wooded rather dry places on
the left bank of the rivulet Chixe (or Xixe), among the mountains of
Mongolo ; ripe fr. without fl. and almost leafless, Sept. 1857. Native
name "Musesse." Tke negroes make spoons, etc., from the hard,
white-yellow wood of this tree. No. 3035 and Coll. Carp. 166.

7. NEUROCARP^A Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. (iv.) p. Ixiv. (1814).
Pentas Benth. in Bot. Mag. t. 4086 (1844) ; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 54.

1. N. lanceolata Br. Britten, Journ. Bot. 1897, p. 129.

P. carnea Benth. in Bot. Mag. t. 4086 (1844) ; Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 46 ; var. Welivitschii Scott EUiot in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xxxii. p. 434 (1896).

HuiLLA. — In wooded meadows by the river Monino : fl. and f r. Dec.
1859. No. 5308.

2. N. purpurea.

Pentas purpurea Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 83 (1873);
Hiern, I.e. ; Var. c, Scott Elliot, I.e., p. 436.

HuiLLA.^ — Flowers bluish-purple. In wooded meadows about the
lake Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 5315.

3. N. arvensis.

Pentas arvensis Hiern, I.e., p. 47 ; Scott Elliot, I.e.

Var. violacea. P. arvensis var. violaeea Hiern ex Scott ElHot, I.e.

A robust erect branched perennial herb, 2| to 4 ft. high, hoai-y-
green, with soft pallid short hairs on the stem branches foliage and
inflorescence ; leaves opposite or verticillate three together, sessile
or subsessile, narrowly ovate or elliptical or the upper ones lanceo-
late, narrowed more or less at both ends, often rather acutely so,
especially towards the apex, occasionally cleft at the apex, firmly
membranous, 3 to 5| in. long by 1 to 2\ in. broad, the upper ones
smaller, lateral veins about 12 on each side of the midrib ; stipules
usually 3 to 5 together, narrow, unequal, ^ to | in. long, united at
the base ; cymes terminal and sub-terminal, much branched, 1 to
4 in. in diameter ; ultimate pedicels mostly very short or obsolete ;
bracteoles filiform or subulate ; flowers numerous, ^ in. long ;
calyx I in. long, hairy outside, smooth inside, with 5 rather un-
equal short narrowly ovate or lanceolate rather acute lobes ;
corolla I in. long, rather densely hairy outside, of a pale-violet
colour, shortly 5 ( — 4)-lobed, throat closed with very dense and
rigid violet-coloured hairs; anthers and style glabrous and in-
cluded ; fruit obovoid, -1- in. long, tipped by the persistent calyx-
lobes ; carpels loculicidal ; seeds several.

PuNGO Andongo. — In the more elevated rocky thickets among the
gigantic rocks of the fortress ; fl. Jan. 1857 ; fr. Nov. 1856. No. 5309.

Neihrocci'i'pcm'] LXix. rubiace^. 439

On elevated grassy slopes within the prajsidium ; fl. and fr. Feb. and
April lSo7. No. 5310. In woody rocky places near Muta-Lucala ;
one specimen, ripe fr. IVIarch 18.")7. No. 5311.

4. N. herbacea Hiern, sp. n.

Fentas, sp. uov., Hierii ex Scott Elliot, I.e., p. 437.

A slender erect herb, 2 to 2| ft. high, apparently annual,
nearly simple or more or less branched ; stem and branches
puberulous above with .short pallid hairs, glabrate below ; branch-
lets compressed ; leaves opposite, elliptical or somewhat lanceolate,
narrowed more or less at both ends, acutely so towards the base,
thinly membranous, puberulous with short pallid hairs e.specially
along the veins beneath, 2 to 3| in. long by ^ to 1| in. broad;
lateral veins 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petiole
I'anging up to an inch in length, more or less densely puberulous ;
stipules lanceolate or narrower, often with supplementary lateral
filiform segments, hairy, about | in. long; cymes terminal or sub-
terminal, small, crowded, more or less pedunculate, 4 to | in. in
diameter, elongating in fruit into an inflorescence ranging up to
4 in. long ; flowers subsessile, scarcely \ in. long, white ; calyx
puberulous, unequally 5-lobed, nearly or just equalling the corolla ;
corolla shortly salver-shaped, 5-lobed, slightly puberulous outside ;
limb y^g to Jj in. in diameter ; throat bearded ; anthers 5, included,
inserted in the throat of the corolla on very short filaments,
glabrous ; style just included, bifid at the stigmatose apex ; ovary
2-celled; ovules numerous; fruit funnel-shaped below, ^ in. long
exclusive of the persistent calyx-limb, 2-celled ; seeds numerous.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In palm-groves near the river Quango, at Caca-
rambola, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Feb. and June 1855. No. 5304.

8. PENTACARP^A Hiern, gen. nov.

Calyx-tube cup-shaped, adhering to the ovary, broad near the
base, truncate at the apex, which is furnished with one foliaceous
lanceolate lobe longer than the tube and 2 to 4 narrow short
lobes, all the lobes more or le.ss persistent. Corolla salver-shaped
and somewhat funnel-shaped, hairy outside, tube elongated
narrow, throat slightly dilated, bearded within ; limb spreading,
somewhat unequal, with 5 obtuse lobes shorter than the tube,
valvate in asstivation. Stamens 5, in.serted about the base of the
corolla-tube ; anthers linear-oblong entire attached at the back
near the base to very short filaments. Disk fleshy, small. Style
filiform, divided at the apex into 5 short lobes which are stigmatose
on all sides. Ovary wholly inferior, 5-celled ; ovules numerous.
Fruit ovoid, dry, for .some time tipped by the persistent calyx-
limb, 5-celled; cells many-seeded.

This genus differs from Neitrocarpcea by the 5 cells in the ovary
and fruit.

1. P. arenaria.

A perennial herb ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous, ascending,
1 to 1| ft. long, simple or branched, reddish-brown, clothed
with whitish short .soft mixed hairs ; leaves lanceolate ovate or

440 LXix. RUBIACE^. [Pentacarpcea

oval, pointed or obtuse at the apex, usually rounded at the sessile
or subsessile base, yellowish -green, minutely scaly on both faces,
thinly scattered with short whitish hairs especially along the veins
on the lower face, 1 to 2| in. long by i to 1 in. broad ; lateral
veins 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib ; stipules narrowly lanceo-
late, often with supplementaiy lateral filiform segments ; inflores-
cence terminal, pedunculate, in compact branched small cymes,
about 1 in. in diameter, the main branches somewhat lengthening
in a spicate manner 1 to 2 in. long in fruit ; flowers red, sessile or
subse.ssile, ^ in. long ; calyx somewhat hairy or ciliate ; tube -^-^
in. long, the foliaceous lobe i in. long or on the fruit | in. long ;
corolla-tube somewhat hairy outside ; limb ^ in. in diameter ;
lobes somewhat unequal, oval-ovate ; anthers glabrous, included ;
style shortly exserted, glabrous ; fruit |^ to i in. long exclusive of
the persistent foliaceous calyx-lobe at the apex.

PuNGO Andoxgo. — In sandy situations at the skirts of the forest,
near Lombe and Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5312.

9. OTOMERIA Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 55.
1. 0. dilatata Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 50.
O.speciosa Scott Elliot in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxii. p. 437 (1896),

quoad specimina Welwitschiana citata nn. 5316, 5317.

HriLLA. — Flowers purple-red, somewhat like a Lychnis. At the
cataract of Ferrao da Sola ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 5316. An
undershrub or almost a herb, 2 to 2| ft. high or rarely taller, with the
habit of a Lychnis ; stems purple ; flowers brilhantly bloodred-scarlet :
calyx-segments unequal, narrow with some broader but none ever
elliptical or dUated-cordiform as in true 3russ(encln. At the cataracts
between Humpata and LopoUo, in elevated stations, about 5000 ft.
high, rather rare ; fl. and fr. 2 Jan. 1860. No. 5317.

10. OLLENLANDIAPlum.,L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 58.
Uedijotis L. ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 56. Pentodon Hochst. ;

Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 58.

1. 0. Bojeri Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 53.

PuNGo Andongo. — A perennial herb ; rootstock woody ; stems
numerous, erect or ascending ; flowers whitish-purplish, scarcely or but
little projecting beyond the bracts of the capitate cymes. In wooded
thickets and in exposed sandy places near Cazella and Luxillo ; fl. and
fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3080. This is difficult to discriminate from the
next species ; possibly both species occur mixed under this No.

2. 0. globosa Hiern, I.e., p. 54.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, strictly erect.
paUid-green ; rootstock woody : stems numerous ; flowers whitish. On
very elevated declivities among the mountains of Quilombo-Quiaca-
tubia, rather rare ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 3221. A herb, 1 to 1| ft. high,
roughly pilose, perennial, erect, rigid, with the habit of Melastomacege.
On the sparingly grassy slopes of the more elevated ridges of the
mountains of Queta, above N-dele ; young fr. end of March 1856.
No. 3222.

HuiLLA. — Flowers small, white. In hilly exposed places ; fl. and fr.
Dec. 1859. No. 3081. Flowers from whitish to pale purphsh. In

OkUnlandi(i\ lxix. rubiacE/E. 441

herbaceous exposed elevated situations at Empalanca ; fl. and fr.
April 18G0. No. 3082.

3. 0. sipaneoides K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 417.

PuNiio A\Dt)N(;o. — An erect or ascending tender herb ; leaves deep-
green, membranous ; flowers beautifully azure-blue. In the caves of
the elevated rocks of Tunda Quilombo within the pnusidium, fl. and
fr. Jan. 1857. (Capsule dehiscing loculicidally at the apex ; seeds
numerous, angular.) No. 3075.

Var. asperuloides Hiern.

A weak, slender, erect, herbaceous-green, .sub-glaucescent,
annual herb, ^\dth the habit of an Asjyerula, 3 to 8 in. high,
simple or with a few spreading or ascending branches, glabrate
except the youngest parts; stem quadrangular or towards the base
two-edged ; internodes longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate or
lanceolate, sub-apiculate, not acuminate, broad near the cuneate
base, thinh' membranous, with 4 or .5 slender not conspicuous
veins on each side of the slender midrib, I to 1 in. long by \ to
^ in. broad ; petiole tt^ to |^ in. long, spreading, slender ; stipules
from a broad shortly sheathing base narrowed into a long subulate-
acuminate ciliolate apex, rather shorter than the petiole ; inflores-
cence terminal axillary or opposite to a leaf, slender, simple or
somewhat branched, usually with a subsessile flower at the point
of dichotomy or subspicate, few-flowered, ranging up to about an
inch long ; pedicels mostly very shoi't, but ranging up to | in.
long ; bracteoles very small, subulate ; flowers azure-blue, ^ to f in.
long ; calyx-limb 4-partite, ^^ to yV in long in flower, enlarging
to i to I in. long in fruit, persistent; segments sub -linear in
flower, slightly spathulate in fruit, equal or nearly so ; corolla-tube
slender, salver-shaped, \ in. long, straight ; limb quadrifid, funnel-
shaped, ^ in. in diameter ; stamens 4 ; anthers linear-oblong, just
exs'erted at the mouth of the corolla, dorsifixed near the base ;
filaments very slender, about as long as the anthers ; style exserted
rather beyond the anthers ; ovary campanulate, shorter than the
calyx-limb ; capsule depresso-globose, somewhat flattened, 2-celled
PuNOO Andonuo. — In very shady caves at the summit of the ranges
of rocks within the pra;sidium, in company with Beqoniu rostrate
Welw. ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 3076.

4. 0. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

A hispid-pubescent perennial herb, 6 to 12 in. high ; rootstock
thick, woody, branched, giving off" from its crown numerous stems
spreading in all directions ; stems simple or branched above, rather
slender, somewhat quadrangular and between the angles sulcate ;
leaves ovate or lanceolate, apiculate at the apex, obtusely narrowed
or somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, membranous, herbaceous-
green, rather dull, with 3 to 6 inconspicuous lateral veins on each
side of the midrib, ^ to 1| in. long by ^ to || in. broad ; petioles
ranging up to ^ in. long, spreading ; stipules truncate, pluri-setose ;
flowers at fir.st whitish, turning azure-blue, g to -j in. long, arranged
in compound terminal hemispherical cymes of about an inch in
diameter ; ultimate pedicels short or very short ; calyx-limb

442 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [OldenlancUa

4-partite, § in. long ; segments linear, acute ; corolla salver-shaped ;
tube more than twice the length of the calyx-limb ; corolla-limb
quadrifid ; lobes ovate, obtuse, apiculate ; anthers at throat of the
corolla ; style slender, exserted, bifid ; ovary campanulate, shorter
than the calyx-limb, 2-celled; ovules numerous.
HuiLLA.— LopoUo ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 5313-

5. 0. decumbens Hiern, I.e., p. 54.

PuNGO Andongo. — A perennial herl) ; rootstock thick ; stems several,
elongated, rooting-decumbent ; flowers whitish-purpHsh. At the damp
borders of forests near Muta Lucala by the river Cuanza : fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 3073.

6. 0. rigida Hiern, I.e., p. 55.

MossAMEDES. — A perennial herb : rootstock thick ; stems
numerous, twisted, branched from the base, more or less prostrate ;
leaves almost always hirid- or sordid-purplish ; flowers lurid-purple.
In rocky sandy places at the base of the mountains of Serra de
Montes Negros ; fl. and fr. 10 August 1859. No. 5322. In sandy-
muddy maritime stations of Sacco de Giraul ; late fr. July 1859.
No. 5323. A small erect annual herb, branched from the base ;
branches slender ; flowers white. In hilly gravelly maritime places
amidst a decumbent Euphorbia, to the south of the town, abundant ;
fl. and fr. end of June 1859. An annual form. No. 5324. An
annual herb, much branched by degrees from the base ; leaves
narrowly linear ; flowers white. In damp sandy situations by the
river Bero, very abundant and almost forming clumps ; fl. and fr.
middle of July 1859. An annual form. No. 5325. A slender erect
annual herb, 4 to 12 in. high, sometimes sparingly branched, in other
cases very much branched ; corolla-tube long, yellowish ; corolla-limb
quadrifid, milk-white, soon turning violet-blue. In sandy places by
the river Bero, near Cavalheiros, very abundant ; fl. and fr. end of
June 1859. An annual form. No. 5326. Flowers blue. In sandy
thickets near the river Maiombo, Quitibe de Cima ; fl. and fr. June
1860. Perhaps a slender annual form of this species. No. 3074.

Benguella. — An erect, much branched, apparently annual herb,
somewhat glaucescent-green ; flowers white. In sandy, bushy places
about the city ; fl. and fr. June 1859. Probably a form of this
species. No. 3039.

7. 0. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A puberulous-scabrid annual herb, 3 to 6 in. long ; root
descending vertically in the form of a narrow screw-, about 3 in.
deep ; leaves all radical, or nearly so, crowded, opposite, foi-ming
a rosette, numerous, lanceolate or narrowly elliptical, apiculate,
gradually narrowed to the sessile or subsessile base, with revolute
margins, 5 to | in. long ; stipules shortly sheathing ; stems
nearly reduced to flowering scapes, several, ascending from near
the crown of the root, 3 to 7 in. long (including the dichotomous
or trichotomous inflorescence), subterete, undivided in the lower
half ; pedicels ranging up to f in. long, but mostly very short ;
flowers nearly | in. long, usually milk-white, but at length some
bluish ; calyx-limb deeply 4-lobed, with lanceolate jDersistent not
accrescent segments about as long as the campanulate ovary ;
corolla-tube long, slender, many times exceeding the calyx,

Oldenlandia] lxix. rubiace.e. 443

straight, rather widened near the top where the anthers are
includi'd ; limb 4-lobed ; segments ovate, obtuse ; capsule broadly
urceolate, 2-celled ; seeds numerous.

MossAMEDES. — In hilly gravelly maritime places near the citadel, in
company with species of Plwr/idceum and Gisekia, abundant ; fl.andfr.
end of June IHf)!*. No. 5327-

8. 0. cuspidata K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 413
(1896).

HuiLLA. — An annual herb ; stems several, ascending-erect, obtusely
tetragonal, G to 12 in. high, the upper part with distant ])airs of
opposite leaves ; leaves linear, erect, ciliate on the margin with hyaline
pilose hairs, the lower leaves crowded and smaller ; stipules sheathing,
truncate, with long setit at the apex ; flowers rosy, like those of
Erythrcea, stipulaceo-involucrate in long-pedunculate dense little
cymes, tetramerous ; corolla (as also the calyx and stem) scattered
outside with hyaline pilose hairs, pallid-rosy outside ; the tube and
throat naked ; the limb deep-rosy or rarely Avhite inside : anthers
almost sessile, erect, included ; style filiform, shorter than the stamens ;
stigma oblong, almost claviform-thickened, obsoletely l)ilobed at the
apex, not reaching the anthers ; fruit agreeing with the section
Kohautia. In pastures and sandy thickets, very abundant and
frequent throughout the plateau of Huilla and a great ornament to
its pastures ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 5341. At Lopollo,
very abundant ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5342-

9. 0. spermacocina K. Schum,, I.e., p. 418.

Huilla. — An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with whitish flowers. At
a waterfall; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5332. Flowers white. Near
Ferrao da Sola, at a cascade ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5333.
Perennial, herbaceous or suffruticose, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves lanceolate,
silvery-shining beneath ; flowers white. Near Lopollo : fr. Jan. 1860.
Coll. Cap.p. 634.

10. 0. papillosa K. Schum., I.e., p. 416.

LoAXDA. — An erect, substrict, branched herb, 4 to 9 in. high ;
leaves narrow ; flowers from whitish to yellowish. In pastures
flooded in summer, near Quicuxe, in company with a species of
Driiiiia, rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 3064.

Amhaca. — An annual erect herb, a foot high ; stem slender ; leaves
linear ; flowers (of which only the fragmentary remains were seen)
tubular ; tube long, straight, very slender. In plantations of Man/hot
utiliHsima near N-gombe and the river Lucala, abundant; fr. Oct.
1856. An annual erect little herb : in damp places on the left bank
of the river Caringa, rare ; fr. June 1855. No. 3065.

PuNGo AxixjNGo. — An annual erect herb, a foot high, bi'anched
from the base, cylindrical ; Ijranches erect, elongated ; leaves rather
fleshy ; stipules sheathing, with several or few teeth ; calyx green ;
tube adnate to the ovary ; limb quadrifid, with lanceolate erect lobes,
rarely with a fifth or even also a sixth little tooth interposed ;
corolla pallid-purplish, soon whitish or violet-coloured, salver-shaped,
with a slender elongated tube and a slightly dilated straight throat ;
limb quadrifid ; lobes lanceolate, rather obtuse and fleshy, spreading
in a stellate manner at the time of flowering, naked and whitish
inside ; stamens 4, inserted at the base of the throat of the corolla,
included ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, terminated at the
apex with a short blackish appendage ; ovary marked with a thin disc,

444 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [Olcleiilcmdia

2-celled ; cells: many-ovuled ; style filiform ; stigma obsolete, flattened-
bilobed ; capsule obovoid, sub-didymous, crowned with the persistent
limb of the calyx, dehiscing loculicidally with a transverse chink
within the limits of the calyx-limb ; seeds very numerous, angular,
dark bx'own or obscurely orange-coloured. Among crops or plantations
of Manihot litiliss/ma, especially on a sandy soil ; fr. and almost past
fl. end of Dec. 1856. No. 3066.

MossAMEDES. — An annual herb, scarcely a foot high, branched from
the base, glaucescent : flowers white ; corolla-tube long ; limb quadrifid,
milk-white. In sandy places at the river Bero, abundant ; fl. and fr.
June 1869. No. 3067.

Perhaps not distinct from 0. aspera DC, to which 0. strumosa
Hiern, I.e., p. 58, has been referred.

11. 0. subverticillata K. Schum., I.e., p. 419.

HuiLLA. — An annual, erect herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, virgately branched :
stipules 2- to 4-setose ; flowers sub-opposite, distantly spicate ; corolla
salver-shaped, of a lurid-violet colour ; limb long, tetragonal,
widened below the limb on account of the included anthers ; lobes of
the limb 4, ovate-elliptical, muticous. Among crops, especially of
Phaseolus and Zea Mnya, also at roadsides, in sandy places, abundant ;
fl. and fr. 27 March 1860. No. 5321.

To this species, which is perhaps not distinct from 0. papillosa
K. Schum., apparently belongs the following No. : —

PuNGO Andoxgo. — An annual, erect, slender, branched herb, 1 to 2
feet high ; flowers from whitish to yellowish. Among low bushes
between Mutollo and Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 3040-

12. 0. caiFra Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. PL Afr. p. 360 (1837);
Hiern., I.e., p. 58.

Ambeiz.^A herb, perhaps perennial ; rootstock thick, becoming
woody : stems much branched ; leaves linear ; stipules subalate-laciniate.
In rocky places by the river Ongo, Margueriti Mossul ; fl. and fr. Nov.
1853. No. 3037.

PuNGO Andongo. — A slender, annual or perhaps biennial herb, with
whitish flowers verging towards a violet tinge. In sandy thickets
between Cazella and the river Lutete ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3036.

HuiLLA. — Flowers small, white. In rocky places among short bushes,
near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. Flowers white, with the tube a
little reddish. In pastures flooded in the rainy season ; fl. and fr. end
of Jan. 18G0. A perennial, casspitose, erect herb ; stems filiform ;
leaves linear ; stipules pauci-setose ; corolla white-violet or purple, its
tube long, ventricose below the limb ; lobes elliptical. In moist meadows
along the river of Lopollo, abundant ; fl. and fr. 27 and 28 March, 1860.
No. 3038.

13. 0. herbacea Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 11 (1814).

Hedyotis herbaeeah., Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 102 (1753). H. Heijnii
Br. in Wall. List, n. 867. 0. Heynei Miq. FL Ind. Bat. ii. p. 187
(1856); Hiern, ?.c., p. 59.

GoLUNG<,) Alto. — A very graceful, bright-green, annual herb, with
very small white flowers, representing in the tropics the genus Galhan
of the temperate zone. By the Ambaca road, near Canaulo ; abundant,
but in few places ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 1856. At the borders
of thickets between Ponte de Luiz Simoes and Camilungo, one specimen;
fl. and fr. April 1855. No. 3055.

Oldenldndici] lxix. rubiace^. 445

PiTNGO Andoncjo. — In moist places among rather low shrubs between
Condo and Quisonde ; a few specimens, fl. IMarch 1857. No. 3061.

Mos.sAMKDKS. — Flowers white. In fields planted with Zen Mays L.
and Sorqhuni,, and after the clearing of the crops ; il. and fr. from Feb.
to April 1860. No. 3057-

HuiLLA. — Flowers whitish. In cultivated fields near LopoUo ; fl,
and fr. Feb. 18G0. No. 3056. Flowers white. On lands sown with
Linum >(sit<(tissiiiiu)», near Lopollo : fl. and fr. Feb. ISO". No. 3058.

14. 0. tardavelina Hiern, sp. n.

An elegant, somewhat scabrid, annual herb, witli the habit of
some species of Tardavel, 4 to 8 in. high, stem and branches more
or less rough, sometimes nearly glabrous, often i^eddish ; branches
opposite or in some cases alternate, divaricate or ascending, lax or
not very dense, rather slender ; internodes except the uppermost
ones exceeding or about equalling the leaves ; leaves opposite,
decussate, sub-linear, mostly apiculate at the apex, sessile, scabrid,
spreading, rigid, ;| to 1 in. long, uninerved, the uppermost leaves
(or bi^acts) dilated at the base ; margins much revolute ; stipules
adnate to the bases of the leaves and so sheathing, truncate, with
a very small tooth in the centre of the transverse apex ; flowers
whitish-violet-coloured or mostly red, tetramerous, ^ in. long,
-se.ssile or subsessile, arranged several or many together in sessile
bracteate terminal and sometimes subterminal heads, dimorphic ;
the 2 or 3 uppermost pairs of leaves (or bracts) are approximated
and form with their dilated bases and adnate stipules a kind of
involucre for the heads of flowers ; calyx ^^ in. long ; the tube
ttq in. long, somewhat turbinate and compressed, glabrous below ;
the limb ^jj in. long, 4-partite ; the segments sub-equal, lanceolate-
subulate, ciliate, persistent, green ; corolla sal ver-.sh aped ; the tube
puberulous outside, glabrous or minutely scaly-puberulous inside,
I in. long ] the throat not bearded ; the lobes y\ in. long, ovate,
minutely puberulous outside, minutely scaly inside, valvate in the
bud, spreading in the open flower ; stamens 4, shortly exsei"ted in
the short-styled flowers, just included in the long-styled ones ;
anthers oblong, glabrous ; filaments minutely puberulous, short ;
style puberulous, filiform, included or exserted, bilobed above ; ovary
2-celled; ovules numerous; capsule depresso-globose, somewhat
compressed, glabrous below, hispidulous above, yV in. in diameter,
loculicidal, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb, 2-celled ; seeds
numerous, very small, angular.

PuNGo ANDDNGo.^In moist pastures, with short herbage, near
Muta Lucala ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 3229.

Nearly related to O. f/nrjaria K. Schum., but it is without a dense
beard in the throat of the corolla.

15. 0. gregaria K. Schum., I.e., p. 41+.

HuiLi-A. — A delicate erect annual herb, growing in dense masses ;
stem tetragonal ; stipules simple from the middle of the sheath, acute ;
corolla very slender, purplish-skyblue, with a densely white-bearded
throat and a quadrifid limb. In the clefts of moist elevated rocks on
the Humpata plateau in Morro de Nene, near Empalanca ; fl. and fr.
beginning of April 1860. No. 3053.

446 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [OldenlancUa

16. 0. staelioides K. Schum., I.e., p. 418.

HuiLLA. — Flowers white. In rather poor pastures among short
grass, near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5328-

17. 0. lancifolia DC. Proclr. iv. p. 425 (1830) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 61.
PuNGO Andongo. — An annual little herb, with a filiform stem

hanging down from the rocks, and white flowers. At the small
cataracts near Tunda-Quilombo, within the prsesidium, sparingly ;
fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 3059. In moist fields among crops of
Ginguba de Cambamba {Voaudzeia subteiranea P. Thouars), only one
specimen ; fl. and fr. Dec. 185G. No. 3060-

Our specimens differ from the type by the flowers being more
frequently not solitary in the axils.

18. O.corymbosaL. Sp.Pl.,ed. l,p. 119(1753); Hiern, Z.c, p. 62.
Sierra Leone. — Fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1853. A form with

rather broad leaves. No. 3047-

Ambriz. — A tender annual herb, with the habit of a Galium, sub-
procumbent or with the stem and branches ascending ; flowers small,
white. At the banks of the river Loge, near Quibango, in plantations
of Manihot utiUsshna, and in neglected fields near Quibanca, abundant :
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 3044.

LoANDA. — In the cultivated fields about the city ; fl. and fr. May
1854. No. 3041. In stony hilly places by the sea near Morro da Cruz
to the south of Loanda, and in cultivated places, not uncommon ; fl.
and fr. 30 April 1854. No. 3042. Flowers white. In bushy places
with short grass, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1858.
No. 3043- A form sometimes with solitary flowers. No. 3043&. A
tender, much-branched, annual, little herb, with narrow leaves and
white flowers. In plantations of Manihot utilissima throughout the
district ; fl. and fr. March to Sept. Coll. Carp. 635.

GoLUNGO Alto. — About the fazenda of Senhor Luiz Simoes ; fl. and
fr. A form with rather broad leaves. No. 3045.

PuNGO Andongo. — In moist pastures near the Condo cataract ; also
in gravelly and neglected fields throughout the prsesidium ; fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 3046.

Huilla.— Flowers white. In the thickets of Empalanca, flooded in
the rainy season, with short grass ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 1860.
No. 3049.

18. 0. capensis L. f. Suppl. PL p. 127 (1781) ; Hiern, I.e.

Huilla. — Flowers white. In fields neglected after cultivation, at
Ferrao da Sola, abundant ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 3050.

Var. stagnina Hiern.

A glabrous or setulose, simple or somewhat branched, annual
herb, 1 to 14 in. higli, erect or somewhat spreading; stem and
branches angular ; leaves opposite, linear, obtuse or apiculate at
the apex, gradually narrowed to the sessile base, 5 to f in. long,^
spreading ; stipules shortly sheathing, very shortly or obsoletely
setose ; flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncles shorter than the fruit,
more or less spreading or reflexed ; calyx-teeth 4, subulate from a
broad base, shorter than the ovary, persistent, ultimately spreading,
not much enlarged on the fruit ; fruit campanulate or somewhat
tiu-binate, yW in. long, glabrous or with a few scattered adpressed
papillae ; seeds numerous, angular.

Okhnlandia'] LXix. rubiace.e. 447

HuiLLA.— In elevated dried-up swamps, in Morro de Monino : fr.
April 18(50. No. 3051.

Perhaps a distinct species, allied also to 0. cc^spitosa Hiern.

20. 0. juncoides K. Sclmm., I.e., p. 414.

PuN(;(i Amx^nco, — An annual herb with the habit of Armei-ia,
much-branched and ascending from the base, rather rough ; stems
hispidulous, tetragonal ; leaves erect-spreading or arching-reflexed.
herbaceous-green ; flowers white, tetramerous, very deciduous ; corolla
white, rotate, its tube short ; liml) 4-cleft. clothed with a few white
erect pilose hairs. In sandy, rocky, sparingly grassy places,. in Mata de
Pungo borealis, and at the banks of the river Cuanza near Candumba ;
H. and young fr. end of March and beginning of April 1857. No. 3083-

21. 0. stellarioides Hiern, sp. n.

A slender, strict, erect, annual herb, 6 to 9 in. high, with the
habit almost of a Stellaria, dichotomously branched from the base ;
branches erect- spreading, slightly rough, marked with narrow
decurrent lines, leafy ; leaves narrow, almost acicular in the dried
state, hispidulous, sessile, decurrent, erect-spieading, deep-green,
^ to ^ in. long, closely revolute along the njai'gin towards the mid-
rib ; stipules shortly sheathing or almost obsolete ; flowers small,
white, arranged in dicliotomous bracteate or leafy, slender, elonga-
ting, terminal, erect, centripetal cymes; pedicels slenedr, ultimately
about as long as the fruit, solitary at the divisions of the cyme ;
calyx-limb 4-partite ; segments equal, lanceolate, acute, hispidu-
lous, persistent, ^rV in- long, often with a squarrose tip ; corolla
scarcely exceeding the calyx, quadrifid ; stamens 4 ; fruit broadly
campanulate, about as long as the calyx-limb, somewhat com-
pressed ; seeds several, minutely punctate.

Pungo Andoxgo. — In rocky, sparingly grassy places near Muta
Lucala, rather rare : fl. and young fr. end of March 1857. No. 3052.

In habit it agrees with 0. skelioides K. Schum., but the inflorescence
is different.

22. 0. rosulata K. 8chum., I.e., p. 41 G.

IIuiJ>i.A.— A very slender little herb, apparently annual, with the
aspect almost of Mlllrf/runa ; stem filiform, dichotomous or trichoto-
mous, nearly erect or oblique ; leaves of two forms ; stipules scarcely
any, represented by a glandular swelHug ; corolla tubular-campanulate,
with a quadrifid limb and shaggy throat, of a pallid-violet colour out-
side, whitish inside, at length turning sky-blue in the course of drying.
In marshy situations with dense herbage, in varzeas (moist meadows)
along the river Monino ; fl. and fr. 2 Jan. 1860. No. 5320- A very
graceful annual herb ; stem dichotomous, ascending or nearly erect,
tetragonal ; stem-leaves distant, opposite, lanceolate, long-attenuate at
the base ; stipules obsolete or rather substituted by an interpetiolar
membrane, glandular-pilose on the margin ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, elongated, capillary, trichotomous or simple ; flowers small,
tetramerous, white-purplish. In grassy situations on the plateau of
Humpata near Empalanca, sparingly ; fl. and fr. April 18G0. No. 5319.
The following No. should he compared with this species : —
HuiLLA. — A weak erect annual herb, scarcely 2 in. high, growing in
dense masses : flowers from whitish to sky-blue. In exposed sparingly
grassy places in Morro de Lopollo, flooded in the rainy season ; fl. and

448 LXix. RUBIACE^. [OkUnlandia

fr. beginning of April 1860 ; also in elevated mossy pastures near
Humpata, in company with species of Xyrk and Isoctes; fl. and fr.
April 1860. No. 3054.

23. 0. pellucida Hiern, sp. n.

A tender erect annual herb, herbaceous-green, glaucescent,
growing in dense masses ; stem simple, 2 to 3 in. high, slender,
somewhat compressed, quadrangular, hispidulous on the angles ;
leaves elliptical or somewhat ovate, apiculate not acuminate at
the apex, more or less abruptly wedge-shaped at the base, thinly
membranous, glabrous or nearly so except the thinly ciliate
margin, pellucid-punctate, | to 1 in. long by |^ to f in. broad ;
petiole ^jy to \ in. long ; stipules multifid, with sub-hyaline fringe-
like segments ; flowers milk-whitish, about ^ in. long, on very
short pedicels 3 to 6 together at the apex of the stem or solitary in
the upper axils ; calyx-teeth 4, very loosely surrounding at the
base the slender corolla-tube and about half its length, persistent,
not accrescent ; corolla-limb quadrifid, its lobes milk-white,
obovate, rather obtuse, abruptly acuminate ; anthers sub-exserted ;
capsule 2-celled, puberulous.

HuiLLA.^ — On the moist sides of streams on the plateau of Humpata
near Empalanca ; fl. and fr. middle of April 1860. No. 5344.

24. 0. benguellensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect glabrate shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with an Umbelliferous
habit ; branches mostly opposite, spreading, terete, shining ;
branchlets leafy ; leaves sub-linear, somewhat scabrid above,
sessile, '^ to 2 in. long, margins revolute along the midrib ;
stipules sheathing, truncate ; inflorescence terminal, repeatedly
branched, corymbose, bracteate, in fruit ranging from 1 to 3 in. in
diameter ; ultimate pedicels shorter than or rather exceeding the
fruit ; calyx-limb 4-partite, with ovate not accrescent segments ;
corolla somewhat exceeding the calyx, quadrifid, with valvate
lobes ; style bifid ; fruit campanulate, slightly compressed, about
i in. long, glabrous, 2-celled, loculicidal ; seeds numerous, some-
what angular.

MossAMEDES.^ — In mountainous rocky places at the banks of the
river Maiombo ; in old fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5353. In hilly, bushy,
stony places, by the river Maiombo, abundant ; fl.-bud and fr. Oct.
1859. No. 5354.

HuiLLA. — In rather dry thickets between Mumpulla and Nene ; fr.
Oct. 1859. No. 5355.

25. 0. nesseoides Hiern, sp. n.

An erect annual herb, 4 to 12 in. high, nearly simple or with
suberect or ascending branches from the base vipwards, rather
slender ; stem and branches quadrangular, hispidulous ; leaves
opposite, elliptical or somewhat lanceolate, mostly narrowed
towards both ends, pointed or apiciilate at the apex, more or less
wedge-shaped at the base, membranous, flat except the naiTOwly
revolute margin, slightly hispidulous especially along the nerves
beneath, becoming very pale and glaucescent beneath, | to 1| in.
long by i to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 on each side of the

Oldenlandki] LXix. rubiacE/E. 449

midrib, not conspicuous ; petiole bispidulous, ^.^ to | inch long ;
stipules broadly ovate or subtruncate, with 5 to 7 setaceous seg-
ments, shorter than or nearly equalUng the petioles, puberulous ;
flowers arranged in small terminal and axillary dense clusters
(more or less elongating and interrupted in fruit), sessile or sub-
sessile, white, -g in. long ; clusters sessile or subsessile or basec
by a pair of foliaceous bracts ; bracteoles small, linear-lanceolate ;
caljrx i in. long, more or less setose with whitish hairs ; limb 4-
partite, about J^ in. long in flower, i in. long in fruit ; segments
lanceolate, nearly equal, glabrous and glossy inside; corolla
glabrous or nearly so, ,1 in. long ; tube slender, narrowly funnel-
shaped ; limb small, 4-cleft, valvate in {estivation ; lobes roundly
ovate ; throat naked ; stamens 4, inserted at the bottom of the
throat; filaments rather short; anthers free, partly exserted ;
style slender, rather glandular or stigmatose on the upper part,
shortly exserted, bifid above ; ovary 2-celled, campanulate, some-
what compressed ; cells many-ovuled ; fruit equally 2-celled, de-
hiscing at the apex, setose, crowned with the persistent calyx-
lobes, many-seeded ; seeds somewhat angular.

HuiLLA. — On the more elevated rocks of Monino among plants of
Massambala, not common ; fl. and fr. April, 1860. No. 5346.

26. 0. angolensis K. Schum., I.e., p. 412.

HuiLLA. — A glabrous, glaucescent, pale-green, apparently perennial
herb, 4 to 12 in. high, with the habit of a S'dene or Epilohium, root
more or less creeping ; stems numerous, procumbent, ascending ; the
flowering ones G to 12 in. high, leafy below, all simple above ; leaves
opposite, narrowly elliptical, apiculate at the apex, gradually narrowed
towards the sessile base, herbaceous, uni-nerved, narrowly revolute
and scabrid on the margin, i^ to s in. long, i\ to ^ in. broad, pairs
distant on the upper part of the flowering stems ; stipules bidentate,
ciliolate ; flowers purplish, crowded many together in sessile bracteate
contracted terminal capitate cymes which are hemispherical in flower
and become ovoid in fruit ; pedicels short ; calyx-limb 4-partite,
lanceolate, persistent, shorter than the fruit ; corolla not much
exceeding the calyx ; fruit subglobose, somewhat compressed, xV in- in
diameter, glabrous. In herbaceous wooded places near Catumba ;
fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1860. No. 5343.

(Jur specimens differ in respect of habit and the shape of the leaves,
etc., from the description of the species quoted above, but they fairly
agree with a poor specimen of the type seen in the Kew herbarium.
The following perhaps belongs to the same species : —

HuiLLA. — ^Annual. In fields near Lopollo, rather rare ; fr. Feb.
1860. Coll. Caki'. r,36.

27. 0. trinervia Retz, Obs. Bot., fuse. iv. p. 23 (178G) ; Hiern,
I.e., p. 63 .

Ambriz. — In moist pastures near the town, fr. Nov. 1853. No. 3077-
A tender little annual herb, 3 to 4 in. long ; stem weak, bright
green ; leaves membranous, bright green ; calyx campanulate, adnata
to the ovary ; lobes 4, ovate-lanceolate, acutely pointed, ciliate with
long hyaline hairs ; corolla deeply 4-cleft, white, with a very short
tube and ovate segments scarcely exceeding the calyx ; stamens 4 ;
filaments very short ; anthers turning nearly black. In fields neglected

29

450 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [Oldenlcmdia

after cultivation, between Ambriz and Mubango, near the river Loge,
rather scarce ; fl. and fr. July 1854. Also in plantations of ManiJiot
utiliasima in Loanda, Nov. 1859. No. 3079.

PuNGO Andongo. — A decumbent, apparently annual herb, rooting
at the nodes, with a Violaceous habit, and whitish flowers. By springs
in Funda Quilombo, within the presidium ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857.
No. 3078.

28. 0. macrophylla DC. Prodr. iv. p.427 (1830); Hiern,?.c.,p. 63.
Ambriz. — At a rivulet near the town, close to the springs, rare ; fl.

Nov. 1854. No. 3069.

Bakr.a do D.\ni)E. — An annual prostrate herb, with pale-blue
flowers. In damp places at the banks of the river Dande near its
mouth, here and there : fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 3070.

Barra do Bengo. — In moist places at the river Bengo near
Quif andango, sporadic ; fr. and few fl. Dec. 1 853. In damp places at
the river Bengo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. .Jan. 1854. No. 3072.

GoLiiNfi*) Alto. — A glaucescent, prostrate-ascending, annual herb,
with milk-white flowers. At the grassy banks of the river Casabala in
Sobato de Bumba, not very abundant ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855. No. 3068.

Ambaca.— An annual marsh herb, with milk-white somewhat
bluish flowers. In swamps at the banks of the river Lucala ; fl. middle
of Oct. 1856. No. 3071.

The following No. .should be compared with this species : — ■

HuiLLA. — In herbaceous places at the borders of the forest near
Catumba. A young plant without either fl. or fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5345-

29. 0. ramosissima Hohen. ex Walp. Ptep. ii. p. 502 (1843).
0. hedi/otoidesBoiss. Fl. Orient, iii. p. 11 (1875) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 64.
LiBONGO. — An annual, rather rigid, divaricately branched, little

herb, with a Lythraceous habit : stem and branches angular ; leaves
opposite, linear-lanceolate, spreading, bright-green : stipules shortly
sheathing, 2- or 3-toothed ; calyx-segments 10, erect-spreading or
patent ; corolla whitish (only one seen) ; ovary campanulate, 2-celled ;
cells many-ovuled ; seeds numerous, angular, very small. In exposed
situations on a black sandy soil at the banks of the river Lif une near
Banza de Libongo ; fr. end of Sept. 1858. No. 3062.

The following No., with solitary flowers in the axils, is perhaps
a variety of this species : —

MossAMEDES. — A rather small, prostrate, annual herb ; branches
several ; stems purpli.sh, ascending ; leaves linear ; flowers rather
small, white. In damp sandy places at the banks of the river Bero
and about its mouth ; fl. and fr. end of July and in August 1859.
No. 3048.

30. 0. nervosa Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, ascending or erect, glabrous, glaucescent herb, 2|
to 4 ft. high ; stem acutely quadrangular, the angles membranous-
winged ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, acute at the apex,
more or less wedge-shaped at the base, membranous, flaccid, bright-
green above, paler beneath, with -several very prominent veins,
1 to 3| in. long by } to 1^ in. broad; petioles ranging up to | in.
long, slender, usually .spreading ; stipules truncate, multi-setose ;
flowers about Jg- in. long, tetramerous, terminal and in the
upper axils, arranged in compound loosely-branched cymes of i to

Oldeidaiidia] lxix. uubiace.e. 451

1 1 in. in diameter ; ultimate pedicels very short ; calyx-segments
lanceolate, acute, about equalling the tube of the corolla, per-
sistent ; corolla elongate-campauulate, from milk-white to azux'e-
blue ; lol)es valvate in the bud, erect-spreading in open flower ;
ovary campanulate, green ; fruit 2-celled, depi-esso-globose, some-
what compressed.

GoLUNGO Alto. — On herbaceous slopes on the right bank of
the river Delamboa and at the back of Rodrigo's house ; fl. and fr.
24 March 185G. No. 5306. At tlie skirts of primitive forests in the
deep valleys of Mount Cungulungula, rather rare : fl. and fr. Feb.
1>^55. No. 5307.

PuN<;<) Anpongo.— In grassy wooded parts of the island Calemba
in the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. 12 March 1857. No. 5305-

31. 0. golungensis lliern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending, sparingly branched, apparently annual
herb, 18 to 24 in. high; stem slender, obtusely quadrangular,
furx'owed, shortly pubescent at lea.st along the furrow^s ; leaves
elliptical or more or less lanceolate, gradually or abruptly
narrowed at both ends, membranous, puberulous, green and
rather shining above, paler beneath, 1| to 2| in. long by | to
1 ,\y in. broad ; lateral veins slender, 5 or 6 on each side of the
midrib ; petiole I to | in. long, shortly pubescent ; stipules broad,
truncate, tipped with several long subulate teeth ; flowers several
together, clustei'ed in terminal pedunculate heads ; peduncle
rather long ; pedicels very short ; heads small, | in. in diameter,
bi'acteate at the base ; bracts sub-linear, puberulous, ciliate,
about as long as the head ; bracteoles similar, smaller ; capsules
puberulous, campanulate, 1 in. long, crowned with the persistent
small subulate calyx-teeth, 2-valved, many-seeded ; seeds reddish
brown, punctate, with rounded angles.

GoLUNcii) Alto.— No notes. No. 3083.

11. JUSTENIA Hiern, gen. nov.

Calyx-tube short, adnate, campanulate and somewhat com-
pressedan flower, subglobose in fruit ; limb 5-partite; lobes linear,
persistent. Corolla-tube very short ; limb deeply 5-lobed ; lobes
■ovate-lanceolate, acute, subulate, valvate in sestivation, induplicate-
valvate towards the apex, apparently erect in open flower ; throat
woolly ; anthers 5, linear-lanceolate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudi-
nally, apiculate at the apex, shortly sagittate or lobed at the
base, dorsified near the base, subsessile at the throat between
the bases of the lobes of the corolla. Disk elevated, epigynous,
compact, glabrous. Ovary 2-celled ; style from the centre of the
disk cylindrical, pubescent, soon gradually thickened and club-
shaped ; stigma thick, laminated, the lamina vertical, very thin,
whitish-pellucid, contorted ; ovules numerous, inserted on the
thin placentas. Fruit pea-shaped, indehiscent, globose or slightly
compressed and furrowed down two opposite sides, completely or
incompletely 2-celled. Seeds numerous, angular.

A climbing shrub, with opposite shortly petiolate thinly

452 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [Justenia

coriaceous leaves, interpetiolar long-subulate undivided stipules,
and small flowers in short subsessile or sessile bracteolate terminal
clusters.

Named in honour of Mr. Frederick Justen, F.L.S., an intimate
friend and one of the acting executors of Dr. Welwitsch.

1. J. orthopetala.

A scandent much-branched shortly pubescent shi-ub ; branches
and branchlets opposite, quadrangular, flexvious, variously curved
and arched, at length hanging down, densely pubescent towards
the extremities ; leaves opposite, ovate, pointed and apiculate at
the apex, rounded or nearly so at the base, papery-coriaceous,
glabrous except the ciliolate margin the puberulous midrib and
the 2 or 3 pairs of slender lateral veins, apparently deciduous,
I to 2 in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad ; petiole about ^ in. long,
pubescent ; stipules interpetiolar, connate below, shortly sheath-
ing, lanceolate, subulate, prolonged, persistent ; flowers about ■!■ in.
long, sessile or subsessile, densely crowded, several together in
pubescent clusters of g to | in. in diameter; bracteoles stipuliform,
small, pubescent ; calyx about ^ to |- in. long, pubescent ; tube
short ; lobes of the limb rather unequal, ^o ^^ s "^- ^^^E^ pubescent
or on the fruit subglabrous outside, glabrous inside ; corolla
white, rather fleshy, i in. long ; tube very short, glabrous inside
below the bearded throat ; lobes -L in. long, straight, somewhat
hairy on the back ; anthers y\- in. long, glabrous ; style rather
shorter than the corolla ; fruit ^ to | in. in diameter, baccate
(Welw.), several together, subsessile, in clusters of about i in.
in diameter ; seeds angular, subpyramidal, about -^^ in. long,
glabrous, minutely punctate.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In primitive forests and their outskirts among
the mountains of Queta, sporadic but not uncommon ; near Caenso,
fr. beginning of August 1855 ; near Capopa, fl. end of August ; near
Guhanho, fl. beginning of Nov. 1855. No. 3165.

12. MUSS^NDA Burm., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 64.

1. M. rivularis Welw. ms. in Herb..

A stout shrub, climbing far and high to 30 ft. ; branches
obtusely angular ferruginously hispid-tomentous and leafy towards
the extremities ; leaves opposite, oval or more or less ovate,
shoi-tly acuminate apiculate or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or more
or less wedge-shaped and often unequal at the base, thinly
coriaceous, hispid-pubescent on both faces especially along the
principal reddish-brown veins beneath, lamina rather paler green
beneath, 3| to 6 in. long bj' 2 to 3 in. broad, lateral veins 10 to
12 on each side of the midrib; tertiary veins sub-ti-ansverse ;
petiole i to I in. long, ferruginously hispid-tomentose ; stipules
ovate, or lanceolate from a broad base, ferruginously hispid-
tomentose oiitside, usually bifid in the upper half, about | in.
long, segments subulate; flowers bright yellow, arranged in
terminal, r.ather densely hemisphei-ical, ferruginously hispid-
tomentose cymes about 6 in. in diameter ; bracteoles ovate, rather

Jhcss(enda] LXix. rubiace.e. 453

small ; calyx hispid-tomentose ; tube campanulate-oblong, about
^ in. long, tipped with 4 erect half-oval or oblong obtuse lobes
yV to ^ in. long, and usually with one or two milk-white or
sulphur-whitish foliaceous obovate-oblong or sub-orbicular some-
what hispid-pubescent enlarged lobe about 2 in. long, but some-
times all tlie 5 calyx-teeth areqidte equal ; corolla yellow, nai-rowly
salvsr-shaped, hispid-tomentose with downward hairs outside ;
tube about ^ to 1 in. long; limb about g in. in diameter; fruit
ellipsoidal, shortly hipsidulousor subglabrate, about H to | in. long,
crowned with the remains of the calyx-teeth.

HuiLLA. — In dense forests by cataracts near Lopollo, very abundant,
in company with Epilohiunt hirsutuni- L., Osnitnitltt regalU L., and
species of Rumcr, Blyxn, Er/ocaiiloii, etc. ; fl. and fr. almost during 7
months, Dec. 1859, Jan. and 5 April 18G0. No. 1118, and Coi.l. Carp. 9.

Related to J/. AfzeVn G. Don, but with longer calyx-teeth.

2. M. arcuata Lam. ex Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. iv. p. 392
(1796) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. G8.

Cazkngo. — In rather elevated bushy situations from Dalatanda
towards the confines of the district of Ambaca, at about 2000 ft. alt.,
sporadic ; fl. Jan. 1855. No. 1121.

PuNGo AxDoNGO. — A twining scandent shrub, 3 to 5 ft. long,
resembling a jessamine in its habit and flowers ; stems numerous
from the crown of the root, sometimes standing erect but mostly
climbing as well as the branches ; branchlets erect-spreading ; leaves
opposite, evergreen, thinly coriaceous, lurid-green ; stipules gradually
acuminate from a broad base, rather fleshy ; flowers peutamerous,
handsome, shining with a golden hue ; calyx-teeth all equal, lanceolate,
subulate or acute, persistent, crowning the fruit ; corolla golden-yellow,
shining ; lobes obovate ; tube cylindrical, double as long as the lobes,
densely pilose inside on the upper part, rather naked towards the base ;
throat tawny-bearded ; style reaching the middle of the corolla-tube ;
stigma bilobed, the lobes obovate-oblong, somewhat flattened : fruit
baccate. In wooded moist sandy secondary thickets between Luxillo
and Cazella : fl. G Jan. 1857. Xo. 1120- In wooded thickets near the
cataract of Condo, sporadic and rather rare ; fl. and young fr. March
1857. No. 1120&.

3. M. tenuifiora Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 392 (1849);
Hiern, I.e., }). 09.

GoLUXGO Alto. — A very elegant shrub, scandent, with longsarmen-
tose branches ; bark fuscous- whitish; branches and branchlets flexuous-
tortuous ; leaves more or less cuspidate at the apex, shortly attenuate
or rounded at the base ; calyx green, the enlarged lobe foliaceous,
white, soon turning a whitish-sulphur colour ; corolla-tube yellow-
greenish ; the limb especially inside coloured brilliant-orange, sub-
velutinous ; the throat shaggy and closed with long golden-coloured
hairs. In primitive forests among the mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta, sporadic ; fl. end of Dec. 1855; fr. April and June 185G. No. 1117.

Our specimens differ from the type by a less hispid exterior of the
corolla-tube, by subglabrate fruit, etc.

4. M. erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn.in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk.
iii. p. loG (1828) ; Hiern, I.e. ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 198 (1884).

M. splejididaWei-w. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 36, t. 13 (18G9).

454 LXix. RUBiACE.^. [3Iiiss(enda

GoLUNGO Alto.— A graceful shrub, climbing to a great height ; by
far the most beautiful of African shrubs ; upper part of the stem
clothed with spreading hairs ; leaves rather obtuse or even in some
cases subcordate and occasionally attenuate at the base, very bright
green on the upper face, pale glaucous-green and hispidulous-hirsute
on the purple nerves beneath : stipules ovate, acuminate ; calyx beset
throughout with rather rigid substantial hairs rather dense on the
nerves of the lobes and elsewhere comparatively distant, one lobe
developed into a very large bright scarlet-blood-red lamina ; outer face
of the coroUa similarly beset with rather rigid substantial hairs ;
corolla-limb coloured pallid-orange inside ; the throat quite closed
with whitish-sulphur-coloured, long, rigid, very dense, exserted hairs ;
ripe fruit baccate, oblong, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes ;
seeds very numerous, minute, lenticular, black, flattened, scrobiculate-
scabrid, embedded in pulp. In moist wooded places in Sobato de
Bumba; fl. 12 Dec. 1854 ; also in primitive forests and in neighbour-
ing thickets in Sobato de Quilombo-Quiacatubia, and about Baugo
Aquitamba, abundant ; fl. and fr. Jan. to May 1855. From 2000 to
3000 ft. alt. Negro name " Dilula," " Dilula-Riula," or " Diluia," or
" Alleluia." No. 1116. Mata de Quisucula ; fr. July 1856 and 1855.
Coll. C.\up. 141. Calyx-lobes very large, brilliantly scarlet ; corolla
of a deep sulphur colour. In the forest of Sobato Quilombo, Queta,
Mussengue, and Bango ; fr. June 1855. Coll. Carp. 638 and 639.

PuNGO Andongo. — A climbing shrub of 5 to 6 ft. ; enlarged calyx-
lobe purple. In rocky thickets at the borders of the primitive forest
of Mata de Pungo within the prsesidium, rather rare ; fl. Jan. 1857.
No. 1115.

The flowering branches of this beautiful climber were used by the
missionaries at Bango Aquitamba to ornament the church of the
mission at Easter. The inflorescence much resembles that of Euphorbia
jmlcherrima in brilliancy and floral effect ; and it sometimes almost
completely covers low trees with its glowing garlands.

5. M. elegans, Solium. & Thonn., I.e., p. 137 ; Hiern, I.e.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A sarmentose climbing shrub, with membranous
leaves, deep-cinnabar-red flowers, and deciduous calyx-limb. In the
thickets of primitive forests among the mountains of Alto Queta,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. March and April 1856. No. 1119. A scandent
shrub, with bright-green leaves paler beneath and with deep-scarlet
flowers ; at Capopa, fl. Feb., fr. March 1856. Coll. Cakp. 637.

13. SABICEA Aubl. ; Bentli. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 72.

1. S. venosa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 399 ; Hiern in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 77.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A twining shrub ; stem slender, (3 to 9 ft. long,
furrowed, angular, turning blackish-red ; leaves herbaceous, rather
rigid, opaque-green above, becoming whitish beneath, with the reddish
nerves covered with white rigid hairs ad pressed in lines ; calyx-tube
produced above the ovary, including the tubular truncate obtusely
pentagonal disk ; calyx-lobes foliaceous, green, long-ciliate on the
margin ; corolla whitish outside, the tube bright red, sparingly pilose
inside, more densely pilose at the throat ; segments of the limb
bearded with long white hairs ; ovary 4- or rarely 5-celled, adnate to
the lower part of the calyx ; style included in the corolla-tube ;
stigma deeply divided into rather flat lobes. In thickets and reed-
beds along the base of the mountains of Queta ; fl. 8 Oct. 1855.

iSabicea] uxix. rubiacE/E. 455

No. 4744. A low suffruticose herb, extensively and intricately
climbing ; flowers white. In secondary thickets at the base of the
mountains of Queta, at Zengas ; ft. Feb. 1856. No. 4745.

The following No. repre.'^ented by a specimen without corollas
is doubtfully placed here : —

SiEKRA Leonk. — A widely cUmbing shrub ; calyx-lobes foliaceous,
lanceolate, twice as long as the calyx-tube. In mountainous forests
near Freetown : young fr. after the fall of the corolla, Sept. 1853.
No. 3085.

14. HEINSIA DO. ; Benth. 1- Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 77.

1. H. jasminiflora DC. Prodr. iv. p. 390 (1830); Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 81.

GoLUNCio Ai/ro. — A very much branched shrub : leaves not
coriaceous : stipules emarginate. with 2 horns ; flowers in small cymes
on long peduncles 1, 2, or mostly 3 together, but little fragrant : calyx-
tube obconical, obtusely .")-ribbed, adnate to the ovary ; the limb
superior a little longer than the tube, o-partite ; the segments
foliaceous, broadly lanceolate, spreading-erect, scarcely shorter than
the exserted corolla-tube, with subulate glands inside at the base ;
corolla salver-shaped, brightly white, the limb .5-cleft ; lobes ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, longitudinally pervaded with wavy lines, fringed on
the margin, spreading horizontally : throat closed with rigid yellowish
hairs ; stamens .'), attached at the middle of the very hairy corolla-
tube : anthers linear, dorsifixed, 2-celled, included, densely surrounded
with the hairs of the corolla-throat ; ovary 2-celled ; style seated on
the elevated disk ; exserted by I in. ; stigma bilobed, occasionally tri-
lobed ; lobes foliaceous, oblong ; ovules indefinite. By streams in
wooded situations in Sobato de Bumba, along the high road leading to
Bango Aquitamba, abundant, fl. 12 Dec. 1854 ; between Bango and
Quisucula, nearly ripe fr. May 1856. No. 2562.

2. H. benguelensisWelw. ex Benth. & Hook, f . , I.e. ; Hiern, I.e., p. 82.
HuiLLA. — An undershrub, 6 in. high ; stems several from a woody

rootstock, erect decumbent or prostrate-ascending, rigid ; leaves ever-
green, lanceolate, shortly petiolate, pubescent on both faces, hirsute
along the nerves beneath ; flowers fragrant ; calyx herbaceous-green,
closely surrounded at the base with bracts in pairs ; calyx-lobes
furnished at the base inside with red subulate glands ; corolla milk-
white, pubescent-tomentose outside and chiefly on the tube inside ;
anthers included to a great extent but scarcely exserted at the apex,
attached about the middle to the very short filaments ; disk with
several (8 — 10 ?) ribs and a hairy crown ; ovary 2-celled ; style simple,
glabrous below, somewhat hairy from the middle towards the apex ;
stigma large, bilobed ; lobes ovate-oblong, rather compressed, densely
hairy on the outer face, stigmatose on the inner ; ovules indefinite,
densely clustered in a viscid mass. In rocky-sandy thickets between
Humpata and Mumpulla, at an elevation of 4200 to 4500 ft., sporadic,
in company with species of Thesium, Thymelasacea) and Tliunbergia
(uigoknisis S. Moore ; fl. Oct. and beginning of Nov. 1859. No. 2563-

3. H. tomentosa Wehv. ms.

An undershrvib, softly and loosely tomentose, decumbent-erect
from a woody rhizome ; stems simple or sparingly branched at
or a little above the base, sub-quadrangular, sub-glabrate and

456 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Heinsid

dark-ashy towards the base ; branches opposite ; leaves obovate-
oblong or broadly oblanceolate, cuspidate pointed or rounded at
the apex, wedge-shaped towards the unequal base, dull green
above, paler and silky-tomentose beneath, rather thick but not
coriaceous, 2| to 4| in. long by 1 to 1| in. broad ; lateral veins
numerous, clothed with dense spreading hairs beneath ; petiole
I to I in, long ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, gradually long-
acuminate, exceeding the petioles, undivided ; flowers fragrant,
white, axillary, solitary, 2 to 3 in. long ; peduncles an inch long ;
calyx obconical, herbaceous-green, sub-costate, nearly an inch long ;
limb much exceeding the tube, 5-partite, the segments erect-spread-
ing, linear-spathulate or lanceolate, acute, a little unequal, | in.
long or rather longer, furnished inside at the base with subulate
coloured glands ; corolla salver-shaped ; tube cylindrical, much
exceeding the calyx-limb, about 2 in. long, densely tomentose
outside, sparingly pilose or almost naked inside, its limb 5-partite,
the lobes lanceolate, acute, spreading at the time of the flower,
about I in. long, imbricate in the bud ; throat pilose ; anthers
included, subsessile, linear, nearly \ in. long, subulate, acute at
the apex, dorsifixed, inserted a little below the corolla-throat ;
disk epigynous, elevated ; ovary 2-celled ; cells with indefinite
ovules ; placentas adnate to the septum.

PuNGO AxDOXGO. — In dense forests, on a ferruginous-sandy soil,
at the base of the mountains of Serra de Pedras de Guinga, near
Candumba ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 3084.

15. BERTIERA Aubl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 77.

1. B. macrocarpa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 394 (1849) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 84.

Prince's Island. — A small tree or arborescent shrub, 6 to 10 ft.
high ; trunk straight ; branches patent ; leaves coriaceous, rather
glossy ; flower-buds from whitish to slightly rosy. In dense rather
elevated forests, on the way towards Pico de Papagaio, sporadic ;
young fl. Sept. 1853. No. 3086.

16. DICTYANDRA Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 85.
1. D. arborescens Welw., I.e. ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 86.
GoLUNGo Alto. — A considerable tree of 15 to 35 ft. high in the

primitive forests, but in the secondary woods a stout shrub of 8 to 12
ft. ; trunk dark grey ; trunk sometimes attaining 2 to 2h ft. in
diameter ; timber used for hut-building ; branches opposite, widely
spreading, very much elongated and leafy ; branchlets compressed
tetragonal ; leaves evergreen, chartaceous-coriaceous, rigid, black-green
on both faces or rather paler beneath ; nerves impressed ; stipules
sheathing, ovate, gradually acuminate from a very broad base, per-
sistent ; flowers rigidly coriaceous ; calyx herbaceous-green, campanu-
late at the time of the flower, its lobes glandular at their base, the
glands cylindric-subulate, erect, black, grouped two or three together ;
corolla herbaceous-green outside, canescent, salver-shaped, the lobes of
the limb quickly inflected, convolute at their margins, greenish-yellow
inside, the tube turning milk-white, naked inside, a little dilated
towards its base, inserted between the calyx-throat and the thick milk-

Dictijandra] LXix. rubiace^e. 457

white obtusely 5-lobed elevated cup-shaped disk ; stamens 5, inserted
at the corolla-throat, exserted ; filaments obsolete ; anthers sessile,
lanceolate-linear or ovate-ol)long, gradually narrowed, acuminate at
the apex, several-celled : the cells 40 to 50, arranged in four rows
along the whole internal face of the anther ; ovary covered by the
calyx, 2-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell : style thick, cylin-
drical, narrowed at botli ends, left far exserted by the turning back of
the corolla-limb, densely white-pilose except the base, deeply bifid at
the apex, with subulate lobes. In elevated forests and wooded slopes
among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta : fi.-bud June and
beginning of Aug. 1855 ; fl. Nov. 10th, 1855 ; in Mata de Quisucula,
ripe fr. end of April 1856. Native name " Mungolo oamxi.'' No. 2561.
A moderate-sized tree with evergreen leaves. Virgin forest of Qui-
sucula ; fr. April 185G. Coll. Cari'. G40. A tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ;
trunk 8 to 12 in. in diameter ; structure of the anthers remarkable,
honeycombed ; berries resembling in shape the fruit of Ps/dium.
Among the mountains of Central Queta. CohL. Carp. G41 and 041fc.

17. TARENNA Gaertn. Fruct. i. p. 139, t. 28, f. 3 (1788).
Webera Schreb. (1791) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 86.

Chomelia L. Gen. PI. edit. 1, p. 55 (1737), non Jacq. (17G0).

1. T. congensis Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 91.

Chomelia congensis 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 278 (1891).

GcjLUNCio Alto. — A copiously leafy tree of moderate size, with
very patent almost horizontal branches ; calyx 5-toothed ; berries
purplish, rather dry, 2-celled, crowned with the persistent caljTc -lobes ;
the cells with about six or seven peltate seeds. In elevated forests,
2800 ft. alt. on Mount Cungulungulo ; fr. Feb. 1855. No. 2575.

18. RANDIA Houst. ex L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 88.
1. R. lucidula Hiern, sp. n.

A bu.sh 6 to 8 ft. high, or a small tree with spreading elongated
and often sub-sarmentose nodding branches, glabrous and rather
glossy in most parts ; leaves opposite, oval or oblong, acuminate
at the apex, obtuse or sub-cuneate at the base, thinly coriaceous,
2 to 7 in. long by 1 to 2| in. broad, pallid at least beneath ;
lateral veins slender, about five to seven on each side of the
midrib ; petiole | to g in. long ; stipules lanceolate or ovate,
tapering into a subulate apex, about as long as the petiole,
deciduous ; flowers about g in. long just before expansion, penta-
merous, on pedicels of g to ] in. long, arranged in many-flowered
axillary bracteolate cymes abont an inch in diameter ; bracteoles
ovate or lanceolate, ciliolate, small, deciduous; calyx-limb cup-
shaped, nearly glabrous, f^ in. long, broader than the ovary,
truncate with five minute ciliolate teeth ; corolla whitish, 5-cleft ;
the lobes more or less clothed outside with a pale, very closely
adpressed felt, spreading or reflexed in flower, glabrous or nearly
so inside, | in. long, ovate, obtuse contorted in the bud ; throat
naked, or nearly so ; anthers exserted, linear ; style exserted in
consequence of the turning back of the corolla-lobes, clavate
above, a little glandular ; fruit globose, | to ^ inch in diameter,
mai'ked with the scar of the calyx-limb, 2-celled.

438 LXi. RUBiACE^. [Randia

Goi.UN(;i> Alto. — A small tree, with dirty- white flowers. In the
more elevated forests of Serra de Alto Queta, rather rare ; fl. May
1855. No. 3093. A bush of 6 to 8 ft., perhaps a young tree ; flowers
whitish. In the elevated forests of Sobato de Quilombo, Quiacatubia,
sparingly and sporadic ; young fr. and few fl. Feb. 1855. No. 3093^.

Cazengo. — A bush as tall as a man ; flowers white. Leaves at the
time of the flower nearly always devoured by insects. In the more
elevated forests of Serra de Muxaulo (Muschaulo) ; fl. and sparse fr.
Jan. 1855. No. 3092.

Seems near R. micrantha K. Schum.

2. R. genipseflora DC. Prodr. iv. p. 389 (1830); Hiern in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 95.

Cf. R. Quintasii K.Schum.inHenr.Bol.Soc.Brot.x.p. 127(1892).

Island of St. Thomas. — Mucumba, Dec. 1860. The specimen i;^
without either fl. or fr., and therefore the determination is very doubt-
ful. The leaves are ternate on the specimen, two being opposite and
the third axillary, oval, papery, glabrous except small tufts of short
hairs in the axils of the 6 pairs of slender veins on the lower face.
0 in. long by 2J in. broad ; petiole ^ in. long, slender ; internodes
about 3 in. long ; branchlets sub-terete, glabrescent ; stipules caducous,
deltoid or lanceolate. No. 3097-

3. R. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

A tree, 10 to 25 ft. high; trunk ranging up to 18 in. in
diameter, straight, erect ; head ovoid or obovoid, evergreen ;
branches pallid, patent ; branchlets sometimes reddish, glabres-
cent ; leaves elliptical or somewhat obovate, cuspidate-acuminate
at the apex, wedge-shaped or obtuse and unequal at the base,
opposite or verticillate, 2 to 4 together, glabrous except the prin-
cipal veins beneath, pallid on both faces, rather glossy above,
coriaceous, often minutely punctate, 2 to 6| in. long by | to 3^ in.
broad ; lateral veins 4 to 6 on each side of the midrib, depressed
on the upper face, raised often a little hairy and slightly reddish
on the lower face ; petiole ^ to i in. long, hairy or glabrate ;
stipules ovate or lanceolate, glabrate at the back, acute, entire,
rather exceeding the petiole, deciduous ; flowers whitish, silky-
tomentose outside, 1| to 2 in. long before expansion, about 1 to
li in. long when expanded, arranged several together in very
abbreviated axillary bracteolate cymes ; calyx ^ to ^ in. long ; the
limb cup-shaped, with 5 lanceolate acute rather unequal lobes
about as long as the tube ; corolla-tube slender, about an inch
long, slightly widening upwards, glabrous inside; lobes lanceo-
late-oblong, contorted dextrorsely (as seen from above) in the bud,
spreading in flower, glabrous inside, white or occasionally rosy ;
throat glabrous ; anthers narrowly linear, glabrous, | in. long,
exserted, dorsifixed, inserted on very short slender filaments a
little below the throat of the corolla and about one-third above
the base of the anther; ovary 2 -celled; style exserted, glabrescent,
bidentate at the stigmatose apex ; fruit globose-pyriform, puberu-
lous, ^ in. in diameter, crowned with the erect persistent calyx-
limb ; seeds few, about -^ in. long, with rounded angles.

PuNGO Akdongo. — In wooded situations between Catete and Luxillo,

Handid] lxix. rubiace/'e. 459

within the praesidium ; fl. April IS')?. No. 3096- In the shady-
wooded parts of Barranco de Songue ; fl. and fr. end of May 18.')7.
Xo. 3096//. In forests at the base of gigantic rocks near Luxillo,
rather rare : young fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3096c.

4. R. violascens Hiern, sp. n.

A small tree, G to 9 ft. high, trunk I to \ ft. in diameter;
I)ranches divaricate ; branchlets tawny-tomentose, obtusely
angular : leaves opposite or verticillate 3 together, elliptical,
acutely cuspidate-acuminate at the apex, unequally wedge-shaped
at the base, firmly membranous, with scattered pubescence on
lioth faces, 3 to 5 in. long by U to 2h in. broad, flat, very
narrowly revolute on the margin, deep-green above, paler-green
beneath ; lateral veins 7 to 10 on each side of the midrib, starting
at about 45° ; petiole about \ in. long, densely tawny-pubes-
cent ; stipules subulate-cuspidate from a broad ovate base,
deciduous, rather exceeding the petiole ; flowers axillary, solitary,
subsessile, '2\ to 2j in. long, pentamerous ; calyx-limb about 1 in.
long, pubescent outside, the tube about h in. long, bi'oadly sub-
cylindrical, rather wider upwards ; teeth 5, subulate from a short
broad ovate base, about or nearly h in. long, somewhat unequal,
pubescent with tawny hairs ; coi^olla salver-shaped, rather fleshy,
2 to 2i in. long when expanded, tomentose outside, whitish,
slightly turning a violet colour, the lower half narrowly cylindrical,
the upper funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, ovate, acute, | to 1 in. long,
revolute, shortly tomentose on both faces, h to r! in. broad at the
base; anthers 5, linear, glabrous, exserted; filaments very short,
glabrous, inserted at the throat of the corolla; style shortly
exserted, glabrous, cleft near the apex.

Bumbo. — In the more elevated forests of Serra de Chella, at an
elevation of 3500 to 4000 ft., sporadic and rather rare : fl. June 18(30.
No. 2580.

5. R. terniflora Ficalho & Hiern. ms.

A bush or small tree, 3 to 8 ft. high, with the habit almost of
a Magnolia ; trunk H to 2 in. in diameter when the plant is 4
to 5 ft. high ; branches lax, erect-spreading ; branchlets thick,
obtusely tetragonal, reddish, marked w^ith large scars of fallen
leaves, densely leafy and shortly tomentose at the tip, quickl}-
glabrate ; leaves opposite, obovate or elliptical, obtuse pointed or
cuspidate at the apex, more or less narrowed at the base, glabrate,
thickly coriaceous, very rigid, minutely squamulose-punctulate,
subglaucous-green beneath, the adult ones deep-green above, 2 to
8 in. long by | to 3| in. broad ; latei-al veins 7 to 9 on each side
of the midrib in clear relief beneath ; petioles short or very short,
ranging up 4 in. ; stipules cuspidate from a short broad base,
caducous; flowers campanulate-salver-shaped, 2 to 24 in. long,
handsome, arranged in opposite abbreviated sessile terminal 3- to
1 -flowered cymes, spreading or drooping; pedicels very short,
shortly tomentose, bracteolate ; bracteoles small, ovate, shortly
tomentose ; calyx (including the ovary) about | in. long, the limb
i to g in. long, cup-shaped, shortly tomentose on both faces.

460 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Ranclia

shortly 5-cleft, the teeth about | in. long, nearly equal, thickly
cuspidate from a short broadly ovate base, persistent ; corolla
whitish (tawny in the dried state) and shortly felted outside, the
tube pale-purple and glabrous inside, urceolate-funnel-shaped with
a prolonged base, | to | in. in diameter, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes
rounded, f to ^ in. broad, ^ to | in. long, contorted dextrorsely (as
seen from above) in the bud, spreading at the time of flowering,
shortly tomentose outside, less densely hairy and glabrous about
the base inside ; throat glabrous ; stamens included ; anthers
linear-oblong, | in. long, glabrous; ovary 2 -celled ; style included,
\h in. long, club-shaped, glabrous; unripe fruit pendulous;
globose, as large as a walnut, 1 to 1| in. in diameter, of a bright
cinnamon colour outside, 1 -celled, crowned with the hardened
tubular and toothed calyx-limb ; seeds embedded in pulp, some-
what compressed, with rounded angles.

PuNGO Andongo. — In Panda forests at the river Mangue and near
Caghuy ; young fl.-bud and unripe fr. Jan. 1857. No. 2581^'.

HuiLLA. — In the more open woods and thickets between Lopollo
and Quipungo, sporadic ; fl. and unripe fr. April 1860. No. 2581.

In Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 437 (1897), K. Schumann suggests the
identity of our No. 2581 with his R. Englerknia described on his previous
page and figured on p. 70 of Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv.
(4) (1891) ; our plant has, however, rounded coi-olla-lobes and other-
wise differs from his species. Our plant was also collected in Angola
by Anchieta n. 25 in 1879, and by Capello n. 165. The following pro-
bably belongs to the same species : —

HuiLLA. — An evergreen shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; leaves coriaceous,
glossy ; flowers white-reddish, "Ih in. long, handsome, very sweetly
fragrant, nodding, like a Bignonia in shape ; fruit 1 -celled ; seeds
numerous, enveloped in a sweet pulp, which is flavoured like that of
the fruit of Ceratoma Silupia L. and is consumed with great avidity by
the negroes. In open forests between Huilla and Caconda, rather rare ;
fr. Jan. 1860. Coll. Carp. 5.

6. R. maculata DC. Prodr. iv. p. 388 (1830) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 96.

GoLUNGO Alto. — Calyx spathaceous according to Welwitsch (though
the specimens before me do not confirm this description), 5-toothed ;
corolla dextrorsely contorted (as regarded from above) in a3stivation,
slightly ventricose in the middle in the bud ; stamens 5, inserted below
the throat of the corolla, without filaments ; anthers yellow, adnate
for two- thirds of their length to the corolla-tube on an elliptical
tract ; style columnar, twisted towards the upper part ; stigma not
seen (fully developed) with 5 short green dextrosely twisted foliaceous
segments. In the forests of Capopa ; foHage, beginning of August ;
fl.-buds end of Sept. 1855. No. 3095. A very elegant little tree, 7
to 10 feet high ; branches erect-spreading ; leaves dry-coriaceous, very
glossy ; flowers white, sweetly fragrant, rather nodding ; disk elevated,
yellowish, 5-lobed ; fruit (not quite ripe) ovoid-fusiform, crowned
with the calyx-limb, unequal at the base, bright yellowish-green
outside, sHghtly furrowed, the furrows deep at the base. In
remarkably shady primitive forests near the spring of Capopa ; fl.
beginning of Nov. 1855. No. 3094. Capopa : fl. beginning of June.
No. 3094^. A small tree, 10 to 15 feet high ; branches patent ;
branchlets herbaceous-green, cylindrical ; leaves opposite or oftener

Bandia] lxix. uubiace.-e. 461

ternate, coriaceous, varnished-glossy on both faces, paler beneath,
subrevolute on the margin, broadly undulate ; flowers not then seen :
July 1850. No. 3094r.

7. R. macrantha DC. Prodr. iv. p. 388 (1830) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 97.

GoLUNCo Ai/ro. — A small tree of 8 to 12 feet, patently branched ;
branchlets curved-ascending : leaves crowded at the extremities of the
branchlets, membranous, tender, the younger ones reddish or violet-
purple ; calyx-tube covering the ovary, cylindric-turbinate, green ;
the limb 5-partite, marked at the bottom of the segments with 10
scars ; disk moderately elevated. In the moi'e elevated very dense
forests of Mata de Quisucula, rather rare ; young fr. 28 April 1856.
No. 3105.

19. GARDENIA Ellis, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 89.

Decameria Welw. Apont. p. 579, note 12.

1. G. Jovis-tonantis Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 101 ;
Ficalho, PI. UtL'is, p. 198 (1884).

Decameria Jovis-tormntls Welw. Apont. p. 579, Nota 12, and
Synopse Explic. p. 10, n. 20, and p. 18, n. 44.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A small evergreen tree, 5 to 8 feet high, nearly
always in flower, very rigid in all its parts ; branches branchlets and
leaves ternate, patent ; wood very hard ; flowers large, in habit like
those of Taberuanuontaiia, deep yellow, 2i to 3 in. long, succulent :
calyx-lobes 10, rarely 9 ; corolla salver-shaped ; its lobes 10, rarely 9,
contorted in imbrication : stamens 10, inserted on the corolla-throat ;
stigma very thick, oblong-claviform, consisting of 10 very viscid little
lobes densely clustered ; fruit as large as a good-sized goose's egg,
ovoid-oblong, crowned with the 10 or 9 lobes of the persistent calyx-
limb, hard, woody, grey-green ; sarcocarp thick, woody, fibrous ;
endocarp almost bony, divided inside by 9 or 10 repla ; seeds numerous,
bony, angular-flattened, embedded in pulp. In dry hilly places among
the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic but not uncommon :
fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. The natives call the tree " N-dai " or '• Undai."
and also " Dai " ; and they fix branches of it on the roofs of their
huts, as a protection against damage by lightning. On this account
Welwitsch in naming it dedicated the tree to Jupiter. Also at
Catomba, near the river Luinha : fl. July 18.0(3. No. 2573- Also at
Cambondo ; fr. Dec. 1856. Coll. Cahp. 168 (partly).

BuMHO. — In rocky mountainous places among tall bushes, above
Bumbo, at the base of the mountains of Serra de Chella. very sporadic;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 2579.

HuiLLA. — A small tree, 6 to 15 ft. high, evergreen, its trunk rarely
more than 8 in. in diameter ; wood like that of Buxun ; branches,
liranchlets and leaves ternate-verticillate : flowers yellow, large, salver-
shaped ; fruit the size of a hen's egg, green, afterwards covered with
l)ark, many-seeded. Between Huilla and Quilengues ; seeds Feb.
1860. Coll. Cari'. 168 (partly).

According to a note of Welwitsch the Unday is also known by the
local names of " Mulabi,'' " Morala," and "Saie." Fungus n. 440,
IlijmenocJutte ruhicjinosa L('v., grew on decayed wood of this tree at
Carengue in Golungo Alto in July 1 857. The wood approaches a yellow
colour, has a very fine grain, is very compact, heavy and remarkably
strong, and is suitable for use in European Avorkshops feu- all purposes
for which box-wood is employed ; the best time for felling the timber
is in the months of June and July. The tree is remarkable by reason

462 LXix. RUBIACE^. [Gardenia

of its flowers being completely 10-parted, and on this account
Welwitsch regarded it as the type of a new genus allied to Gardenia ;
the decamerous structure of the flowers applies not only to the parts
of the calyx and corolla and to the number of stamens, but it extends
equally to the stigma, and the ovary usually shows ten divisions,
though in some flowers the number of cells varies from 8 to 11 ; in
ripening the germen permits the walls of the cells to be absorbed, thus
becoming unilocular in fruit.

2. G. tigrina Welw. ms. in Herb.

A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high in the primitive forests or 8
to 12 ft. in secondary woods; woods hard; head bi-oad, leafy;
branches slender, glabrate, sub-terete, dark-green, spreading
horizontally ; branchlets usually dichotomous, spreading irregu-
larly, thinly pubescent or nearly glabrous, somewhat angular,
leafy ; buds pubescent ; leaves opposite or ternate, elliptical, more
or less acuminate at the apex, wedge-shaped or unequally obtuse at
the base, thinly coriaceovis, almost membranous, but little glossy
above, glabrate or scattered with short adpressed pallid hairs,
obscurely green or deep-green above, rather paler beneath with
yellowish nerves, 3 to 6 in. long by 1 to 2| in. wide ; lateral veins
4 to 7 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petiole g to | in. long ;
stipules cuspidate, equalling or rather shorter than the petiole,
deciduous ; flowers erect, like those of Iluernia in shape colour
and sub-cadaverous odour (this odour being especially strong
shortly after the perfection of the flower), about 3 in. long when
expanded, about 4 in. long just before the spreading of the
corolla, axillary and subterminal, solitary, very shortly pedun-
culate, bracteate ; bracts small, like the stipules; calyx pubescent
outside, turbinate at the inferior base, the limb superior, tubular-
cylindrical-cupshaped, | in. long, lined with long dense adpressed
hairs inside, unequally 2- or 3-cleft at the apex, tipped with 4 or
.5 elongated unequal pubescent subulate teeth ranging up to | in.
long ; corolla of a pale-sulphur colour, spotted with red outside
and more densely so inside, very handsome, badly scented, shortly
hairy outside, elongate-funnel-shaped, narrowly sub-cylindrical
and hairy inside in the lower half of the tube, funnel-shaped and
glabrous inside in the upper half ; limb 5-partite, spreading or
reflexed, about an inch long ; segments ovate, acuminate, acute,
closely and shortly hairy on both faces except near the base inside,
sinistrorsely contorted (as seen from above) in the bud ; anthers .5,
about I in. long, linear, glabrous, half exserted, inserted on very
short filaments a little below the glabrous throat of the corolla,
dorsifixed at a point one-third above the base ; style rather
exceeding 3 in. long, exserted, glabrous or nearly so, subclavate
and lobed or lined at the apex ; ovary unilocular ; fr. (not ripe)
as large as a pigeon's egg, or even as a good-sized hen's egg,
ellipsoidal, more or less 6- or 7-ribbed, skin green, here and there
covered with coriaceous-crustaceous points, ifilled with a beautifully
orange-coloured pulp, which surrounds the seeds, is highly
astringent and stains the fingers dull blue.

Gardenici] lxix. rubiace.e. 463

GoLUNGO Alto.— In the primitive forests of Quibaiiga, rathev
rare: H. beginning of July ]«")<). No. 3098. In the more elevated
dense primitive forests of Mussengue, rare ; fr. not yet ripe, middle of
Dec. 1855. No. 3099.

Cazengo. — In the elevated primitive forests of Machahula
(Muxaftlo), at 2000 to 2500 ft. alt., sporadic in company with Cogea
arabica L. ; unripe fr. Jan. 1855. No. 3100.

Nearly related to G. urceUiformi^ Hiern, of which the corolla is
unknown ; the calyx, however, somewhat differs.

20. MACROSPHYRA Hook. f. inBentli. & Hook. f. Gen. ii. p. 86.

1. M. brachystylis Hiern, sp. n.

A stout scabrid shrub, or occasionally a small tree 5 to 8 ft.
high with a slender trunk and spreading branches, the upper
In'anches showing a scandent tendency, elongated, sarmentose ;
both the leafy and the flowering branchlets developed from
very viscid coriaceous-scalelike imbricate buds; leaves opposite,
crowded at the extremities of the branchlets, more or less oval,
shortly pointed at the apex, usually obtuse at the unequal base,
membranous but juicy, rough to the touch on both faces, dull-
green above, rather paler or browner beneath, 3 to 9 in. long by 1|
to 6 in. broad; lateral veins spreading, 9 to 12 on each side of
the midrib, rather slender ; petiole long, ranging up to 3 in.,
scabrid ; stipules ovate, entire : flowers 1| to 2| in. long, hand-
some, resembling those of a Bignonia, fasciculate on .short
peduncles at the tips of the branchlets ; calyx-limb rather fleshy
or membranous, campanulate, 5-cleft, glabrous below ; lobes ovate
or lanceolate, sub-equal, ciliolate ; corolla | to 2 in. long, funnel-
sliaped, fleshy, thickly coriaceous, fragile, sordid-purple or inside
from orange to blood-red and striate-spotted, 5-fld, glabrous or
nearly so ; lobes oval, rounded at the apex, recurved or spreading ;
ajithers 5, linear, included, \ in. long, inserted a little below the
throat of the corolla, sessile or subsessile, glabrous ; style glabrous
or nearly so, 1 in. long, included, terminating in the subglobose
bilobed stigma, ] in. in diameter; ovary 1-celled; fruit ellip-soidal-
oblong, glabrous, 3 in. long, 1| in. in diameter, 1-celled, crowned
with the remains of the calyx-limb ; .seeds numerous, embedded
in adhesive pulp ; pericarp thin, coriaceous ; placentas ap-
parently 4.

GOLUNCO Alto. — In dense forests near N-delle ; abortive fl. Feb.
1856. No. 3101. In secondary woods by the river Delamboa ; few
tt. Dec. 1854. The same little tree was subsequently visited at various
times and seasons, but not again found in flower. No. 3102.

Amisac.v. — In thickets near streams between Izanga and N-gombe,
rather rare ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 3104.

PuNf;o AxDONGo.— By rocky thickets within the prjesidium, rather
rare ; fr. Oct. 1856. No 3103.

The inclusion of this species enlarges the generic character in
consequence of the short style ; the stigma, however, in shape
agi-ees with Maat-os'phyTa rather than its next ally Gardenia. The
two following Nos., not repre.sented by flowers or fruits, perhaps
belong to this species : —

464 LXix. RUBIACE^, \_Macrosphyra

GoLUNGO Alto.— A scandent widely spreading shrub, with soft
(but rough to the touch) membranous deep-green leaves. In forests
at the banks of the river Quiapoze, 21 March 1856. No. 4749.

PUNGO Andongo. — A strong shrub ; trunk 1 to '2 in. thick, 4 to 6 ft.
high ; branches sarmentose, scandent ; leaves membranous ; flowers
resembling those of a Bignonia, black-purple, yellow-lined or spotted
inside ; fruit elongated, 3 in. long, IJ or 1 in. thick, apparently
1 -celled, many-seeded, seen only in a half putrid condition. In the
wooded parts of Barranco de Pedra Songue, within the prsesidium ;
foliage, Dec. 1856 (fl. June 1857). In the forests of Golungo Alto
the same species was seen as forming an erect tree of 8 ft. No. 4748-

21. CHALAZOCARPUS Hiern, gen. nov.

Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, more or less pyriform in fruit ;
limb deciduous ; disk cushion-shaped, glabrous ; fruit obovoid-
oblong or pyriform, very densely tomentose-hirsute with pallid rigid
hairs, papillose with numerou.s small elevations of the skin inter-
mixed with very numerous minute elevations, 4- to 5-celled, inde-
hiscent ; cells with indefinite seeds ; seeds numerous, attached to a
central columnar placenta, angular, each enclosed in a thin loose
often incomplete arilloid coat ; angles of the seeds rounded ; testa
coriaceous ; albumen horny, uniform ; embryo slightly curved, of
moderate size ; cotyledons foliaceous, flattened.

A small weak slender tree, with large opposite herbaceous leaves,
ovate entire caudate deciduous interpetiolar stipules, axillary
inflorescence, and lateral and subterminal fruits solitary or on
geminate peduncles in the axils of fallen leaves.

1. C. hirsuta.

A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, slender, weak, almost herbaceous, erect
hispid-hirsute on the young part lower face of leaves along the veins
and fruit ; branches opposite, lax, angular towai'ds the extremities,
pale or ashy, glabrescent; terminal buds tumid, pilose; leaves oppo-
site, crowded at the extremities of the branches, ovate or sometimes
obovate, shortly acuminate at the apex, unequal-sided and shortly
decurrent-attenuate at the base, herbaceous, pale-green on both
faces, especially beneath, scattered with short adpressed strigose
hairs above, shortly hispid-hirsute along the veins and veinlets
beneath, 12 to 18 in. long by 6 to 12 in. broad ; lateral veins 9 to
12 on each side of the midrib, slender except near the midrib, in
relief on the lower face ; petioles 1 to 1;? in. long, channelled and
hirsute above, rounded and glabrescent below ; stipules ovate,
caudate or subulate-apiculate, hirsute with pale rigid hairs,
deciduous, densely hairy inside, | to 1 in. long ; flowers not seen ;
fruits on the stem after the fall of the leaves in the axils of their
scars and sub-terminal, ovoid oblong or pyriform, more or less
tomentose-hirsute with pale rigid hairs, under the hairs papillose
with numerous small tubercles intermixed with very numerous
minute ones, in dehiscent, pallid, 1| to 2 in. long, 1 to 1^ in. in
transverse diameter, 4-celled; interior scented almost like the
fruit of Ceratonia Siliqua L. ; seeds numerous, about \ in. long b}'
i in. thick, pallid, invested in a thin loose coat of the same colour.

€halazocarpi(,s\ lxix. rubiace-i^. 465

Cazhngo. — In very dense forests among the higher mountains of
Serra de Muxaula, sporadic and rare ; fr. not yet fully ripe June IBoo.
No. 2574.

The foUomng two Nos. possibly belong to this species or
genus : —

GoLUNHio Alto. — A bush of 2 ft., perhaps a mutilated tree. In
thickets springing up after tillage, near Zengas de Queta : without
either fl. or fr. June 1850. No. 4746-

PuNGo Andoxgo. — An arborescent shrub ; stem straight, 1 to 2 in.
thick ; branches spreading ; leaves opposite, large ; stipules inter-
petiolar. pilose with long strigose hairs. Buds tumid, pilose. At the
borders of forests, by the side of the gigantic rocks of the fortress ;
without either fl. or fr. March 1857. No. 4747.

22. OXYANTHUS DC; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 91.

1. 0. tubiflorus DC. Prodr. iv. p. 376 (1830); Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 107.

PuxG( » Anuongo. — Leafy branchlets only ; April 1857. The absence
of flowers and fruits renders absolute identification difficult, but the
foliage agrees with this species. No. 4751.

2. 0. rubriflorus Hiern, I.e., p. 108.

GoLUNGO Alto.— A small tree of 10 to 12 ft. high with a tortuous
trunk, or in secondary thickets a shrub : flowers from yellow to red
and variegated with green. In the dense forests among the mountains
of Cabanga Cacalungo ; fl. August 1856 and July 1855. Fruit egg-
shaped subturbinate at the base or rarely subglobose, 2-celled, about
an inch long : seeds numerous, about -J- in. long. Nos. 3087, 3087&.
A shrub, almost a small tree, 5 to 8 ft. high ; stem branches and leaves
remarkable for their green-glaucous hue ; leaves coriaceous, Avedge-
shaped or obtuse at the base, shining on the upper face, quickly drying;
fruit olive-sbaped or somewhat pear-shaped, turbinate at the base,
green, many-seeded, smooth outside, 1^ to 1 in. long. Habit Acan-
thaceous. In elevated shady forests by streams among the mountains
of Serra de Alto Queta ; fr. August 1855. Apparently this species.
No. 3088.

3. 0. speciosus DC. in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. p. 218 (1807); Hiern, I.e.
Island of St. ThoMxVS. — A small tree, but perhaps a young one.

Fr. Dec. 1860. Native name "Mule-Mule." No. 3090.

The following two Nos., without notes in the collection, must
be compared with this species, and the second No. also with the
jirevious species : —

GoLUNGo Alto.— Fl.-bud. No. 3089. Without fl. or fr. No. 3088?-.

3. 0. pallidus Hiern, sp. n.

A glabrous little tree, 8 to 10 ft. high ; trunk 6 in. in diameter
at the base ; branches pallid, dichotomous, obtusely angular,
rather slender, green and somewhat flattened at the extremities ;
leaves oval or elliptic-oblong, mox'e or less cuspidate-acuminate at
the apex, in most cases obtusely and unequally narrowed and
narrowly decurrent at the ba.se, thinly coriaceous, deep-gi-een or
glaucescent-green a])ove, pallid beneath, 4 to 6.^ in. long by 1 to
2§ in. broad; margin very narrowly revolute; lateral veins 6 to 9

30

466 LXix. RUBiACE/E. [Oxyaiithus

on each side of the midrib, slender ; petiole ^ to § in. long ;
stipules ovate or lanceolate, acute, entire, connate at the base,
I to I in. long, palHd, persistent ; flowers very slender, 4 to 5 in.
long, whitish, several together in comparatively short axillary
cymes ; pedicels g to | in. long ; bracts like the stipules but
much smaller, deciduous ; bracteoles subulate ; calyx-limb small,
shortly cup-shaped with 5 lanceolate or subulate lobes y\j- to | in.
long; corolla-lobes 5, linear-oblong, § to 1 in. long, spreading;
anthers 5, exserted, ^^^ in. long; ovary 1 -celled ; style exceeding
the corolla-tube by | to f in., narrowly clavate at the apex ; fi'uit
subglobose, somewhat pyriform, scarcely an inch long, about f in.
in transverse diameter, 1-celled ; seeds rather numerous, about
i in. long.

GrOLUNGO Alto. — Queta ; fr. July 1855. No. 2582i.

PuNGO Andongo. — In the wooded parts of Barranco de Songue,
rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1856. No. 2582.

23. SHERBOURNIA G. Don in Loud. Encycl. PI., Suppl. ii.,
p. 1323 (1855).

Amaralia Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 90.

1. S.foliosaG. Don in Loud. Encycl. PI., Suppl. ii., p. 1322(1855).

Gardeiiia hignonice/Iora Welw. Apont. p. 585, n. 13 (1859),
Amaralia hignonicejiora Welw. ex Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.
iii. p. 112.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A robust shrub, chmbing to a great height :
branches purple ; leaves evergreen, coriaceous, faintly green above,
pale-green beneath, narrowed or occasionally cordate at the base ;
flowers handsome, 2 inches long, fleshy-coriaceous, almost like those of
a Bignonla in shape, hoary outside when dry, solitary, axillary, some-
what nodding ; peduncle short : calyx f ohaceous, lax, purplish ; corolla
rose-violet, purple inside, silky-shining outside, turning ashy in drying,
the tube cylindrical at the base, widening shortly above the base,
almost an inch in diameter, the limb 5-lobed, lobes broad, rounded-
obtuse, spreading and then turned back ; stamens 5 ; fruit (not quite
ripe) ovoid-oblong, green, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb :
cells many-seeded. In the dense primitive forests of Serra de Alto
Queta, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1854. No. 2571-

PuNGO Andongo.— A shrub or small tree with elongated, sub-
sarmentose branches, and broad opposite leaves ; flowers rather large,
orange-coloured variegated with dark purple ; corolla thickly coriaceous.
In bushy wooded parts of the district ; seeds, 1856 and 1857. Coll.
Carp. 642.

According to Welwitsch, Apont., I.e., the fruit is 1-celled, elongate-
ellipsoidal, 1 to 14 in. in diameter, 3 to 3| in. long.

24. POUCHETIA A. Rich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 92.

1. P. africana DC. Prodr. iv. p. 393 (1830) ; Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 117.

Prince's Island. — In bushy places along a stream by the lower
slopes of Pico de Papagaio ; fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1251.

IVicalijsia] LXix. rubiace.*:. 467

25. TRICALYSIA A. Jlicli.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 95.

KruHssia Il.uv. ; Beiith. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 95. Diplocrater
Hook. f. ; Bouth. ct Hook, f., I.e., p. 96.

1. T. cacondensis Hieni, sp. n.

A dwarf much-branched tree or shrub, from about 6 in. high
upwards ; branches glabrescent, palHd or ashy, sub-terete ;
branchlets somewhat qua(h-angular, puberulous at the extremities,
leafy ; leaves narrowly elliptical obovate or oblanceolate, obtusely
narrowed, rounded or scarcely apiculate at the apex, yellowish-
green, wedge-shaped at the subsessile base, rigidly coriaceous,
glabrescent, 1 to 3 in. long by i to 1 in. broad ; margin narrowly
revolute ; lateral veins 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, not
conspicuous, reticulate ; stipules from a short broad connate base
subulate-acuminate, ^ to | in. long, puberulous at first, gla-
brescent ; flowers neai'ly .| in. long before expansion, about ^ in.
long when expanded, subsessile, several together in opposite much
abbreviated axillary little cymes, bracteolate, pentamerous;
bracteoles broad or calyculate, rounded-apiculate or truncate,
puberulous, ciliolate, falling short of the calyx ; calyx (including
the ovary), ^ in. long, green, the limb ^,j in. long, deeply divided ;
segments ovate, rounded at the apex, glabrous everywhere except
the ciliolate margins ; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube
-^ in. long, tubular fimnel-shaped, pilose inside on tlie upper
half up to the throat ; lobes -^ in. long, glabrous on both sides
except inside near the base, ciliolate about the apex, oval, rounded
at the apex, contorted dextrorsely (as seen from above) in
aestivation, spreading in full flower ; anthers 5, glabi^ous, exserted,
dorsifixed, lanceolate-linear, appendaged at the apex, ^ in. long ;
filaments glabrous, flattened, y^ in. long, inserted just below the
base of the corolla-lobes and alternating with them ; disk annvilar-
cupular, fleshy ; ovary glabrous, campanulate, somewhat com-
pressed, narrower than the calyx-limb, 2-celled ; style f^ in. long,
glabrous, cleft at the apex ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell ;
placentas fleshy ; fruit red, subglobose or ellipsoidal, ^ to g in.
long, glabrous, somewhat ribbed vertically, 2-celled, tipped with
the persistent calyx-limb, bracteolate at the base.

HuiLLA. — A dwarf tree ; anthers Avith a long subulate apiculus. By
the road to Quipaca, past the fortress near Ferrao ; fl. Oct. 1859.
No. 3112. In bushy pastures on the right bank of the river of
LopoUo, among shrubby Mimosas : young fr. Dec. 1850. No. 3113.
In thickets on the right bank of the river of Lopollo ; fr. end of
March 1860. The specimens afford evidence of the fruitin<( branches
being shoots sprung up from the burnt stems of a previous season.
No. 3114.

The same species was collected at Caconda in Nov. 1877 in fl. by
Anchieta, n. 109, and at the same place in Jan. 1878 in fr. by Capello
and Ivens, n. 16; it is there called by the natives " Onjamba "
or " Ojamba.''

2. T. buxifolia Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 119.
L<»AM)A. — A shrub with the habit of the genus; flowers white,

strictly pentamerous ; calyx-limb rather loose, with obtuse lobes ;

468 LXix. RUBIACE^. [Tricalysiu

corolla- throat densely bearded ; anthers exserted ; connective pro-
duced at the apex with a subulate appendage ; style level with the
anthers ; stigma deeply bilobed. Gabriel's coifee tree. No. 3118.
An evergreen shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high ; branches straight, spreading,
decussate, with a whitish bark ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, shining,
paler beneath ; flowers white, fragrant ; corolla contorted in aestivation.
In hilly bushy rocky places at the back of Alto das Cruzes ; fl. Feb.
1854 ; unripe fr. April 1854. No. 3119. A shrub of 5 to 7 ft.,
evergreen, forming the densest thickets ; branches decussate, whitish ;
stipules acuminate : leaves coriaceous, rather glossy, from pale
yellowish to greenish and paler beneath ; fruit as large as a small
pea or a peppercorn, greenish purple when unripe, crowned with the
remains of the calyx-limb. In hilly, sandy and rocky places, not far
from Quicuxe, abundant ; unripe fr. May 1854. No. 3120. A shrub ;
stems caespitose, erect, 4 to 6 ft. high, patently branched ; leaves
evergreen ; berries clustered, as large as a small pea, at first green,
soon turning to bluish-green, at length black, 2-celled ; seeds 2 or 3
or rarely 4 in each cell, or very rarely solitary in one of the cells.
On bushy plains near Quicuxe ; fr. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 3121. A shrub,
4 to 5 feet high ; branches whitish ; leaves evergreen ; fruit baccate,
black, pruinose. In thickets between Quicuxe and Mutollo, sporadic ;
seeds July 1854. Probably this species. Coll. Carp. 134.

3. T. glabra K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 445 (1896).
PuNGO Andongo.— A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; trunk 6 in. in

diameter at the base, unbranched to the height of 5 ft., then with
spreading branches and nodding branchlets ; flowers white ; corolla
densely bearded at the throat ; anthers produced at the apex of the
connective into an apiculus ; style filiform, gradually thickened
upwards, obsoletely bilobed, the lobes stigmatose. In deep, shaded,
wooded valleys amongst the gigantic rocks of the praesidium at Catete,
sporadic ; fl. Nov. 1856. No. 3117-

The above No. is the type of the .species ; the two following
Nos. appear also to belong to the species : —

PuNGO Andongo. — A graceful and ornamental tree, 6 to 8 ft. high,
much branched ; branches spreading ; leaves coriaceous, shining, very
bright green ; unripe fruit green, 3- or 2-celled, crowned with the
calyx-limb, bracteate at the base. In elevated rocky parts of the
presidium, in Pedra de Cabondo ; young fr. end of April 1857. No.
3091. A tree of 5^ ft., with the habit of the genus or of a tangerine
orange tree ; head sparse ; leaves bright-green, persistent, pallid beneath ;
unripe fruit greenish. Near the top of Pedra de Cabondo in rocky
situations within the prsesidium ; only one branch seen in fr. April
1857. No. 3129.

4. T, andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

A robust shrub, with the habit of a Goffea ; branches divaricate,
sub- terete, glabrate, dark-ashy ; branchlets scandent or pendulous-
nodding, often alternate, leafy and densely beset towards the
extremities ' with whitish rigid short hairs, somewhat angular;
leaves elliptical, more or less narrowed at each end, firmly
papery, glabrous except the principal veins and ciliolate margin,
green above, rather paler beneath, flat, 2^ to 4 in. long by 1^ to
If in. broad ; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib,
slender; petiole hairy, i to | in. long; stipules entire, ovate,

Tricali/sia] LXix. rubiace^e. 469

connate at tlie base, subulate at the apex, hairy on the
back, g to } in. long ; fruit green, globular, indehiscent, dru-
paceous, ^ to § in. in diameter, minutely speckled, glabrate or
scattered with whitish short rigid hairs, densely hairy about the
apex, crowned at the apex with the remains of the calyx-limb,
axillary or lateral on the branchlets, solitary or nearly so, sessile
or suW'Ssile, bracteolate at the base ; fruiting calyx-limb
apparently 5-partite, the segments lanceolate, pilose at the back,
glabrous inside, in some cases ] in. long and ei-ect ; bracteoles
broadly ovate, hairy on both faces, short, involucrate ; fruit-
cells 2, each containing 2 seeds, or by abortion 1 only in one of
the cells ; seeds pendulous from the apex of the centre of the cell,
about I in. long.

Pi'NGO Andon'Go. — On the Calemba islands in the river Cuanza ;
fr. 12 March 1857. No. 3133.

5. T. Welwitschii K. Schum., I.e., p. 449 (1897).

GoLUNCio Alto. — A shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high, evergreen ; calyx
green, 5-cleft ; corolla whitish, the lobes purplish at the base, the tube
beset in all parts with rigid whitish hairs directed upwards ; berries
as large as a small pea, 2-celIed, green, in old age reddish, the cells
6-seeded. At the borders of forests near Ponte do Felix Simoes ;
fi. April 1855. No. 3106. A shrub as tall as a man ; branches
opposite, decussate, spreading horizontally ; corolla tubular, white,
the limb 5-cleft, the lobes ovate-cuspidate, livid-violet on the margin,
elsewhere white like the tube : throat densely shaggy with rigid-white
hairs. On the left bank of the river Quiapoze, in very dense forests,
sparingly ; fl. 17 March 185(5. No. 3107. Bango road ; fl. Jan. 1856.
No. 3108. In bushy places near Ponte do Felix Simoes, not abundant ;
fr. Oct. 1855. No. 3109. An evergreen shrub, but the habit very
like that of a Cremasiiora. At an elevation of about 3000 ft.
Coll. C.vki'. 649.

6. T. griseiflora K. Schum., I.e., p. 446 (189G).

GoLUXGo Alto.— On wooded hills by the river Coango; fl. 12 May
1851). No. 3131. In thickets at the skirts of forests about Sange, by
8enhor Mariano's planted field (arimo) ; fr. August 1856. No. 3132.
Corolla always dirty-white. In the denser forests throughout the
district, flowering and fruiting nearly all the year. No. 3164- A
very elegant tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, resembling in habit a tangerine
orange tree ; head pyramidal ; leaves coriaceous, glossy. By wooded
thickets near Ponte do Felix Simoes : without either fl. or fr. 2 Jan.
1855. Determination doubtful. No. 3130. A bush 5 to 9 ft. high,
with coriaceous leaves and red berries. Mussengue ; seeds Dec. 1855.
Determination also doulitful. Coll. Carp. 660.

A specimen in flower-bud from the banks of the Luinha river in
Golungo Alto, found by Dr. Livingstone in Dec. 1854, and reported
by him to be there cultivated as coffee, exists without No. in Herb.
Welwitsch. It was mentioned in the Flora of Tropical Africa, iii.
p. 123, under T. niainmame)ish Schweinf. ; perhaps it rather belongs
to T. grht^iflum.

Cazengo. — A shrub, 4 to 0 ft. high : branches almost sarmentose or
loosely pendulous ; branchlets spreading : fruit orange-scarlet, crowned
with the whitish or greenish calyx-limb. By thickets along the base of
the mountain Muxaulo, rather rare ; nearly ripe f r. Dec. 1854. No. 3128-

470 LXix. KUBiACEiE. [Triccilysia

PuNGO Andongo. — A graceful tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; branches
erect-spreading ; leaves coriaceous, glossy ; stipules interpetiolar,
with a broad base and long acumen at the apex ; fruit bright scarlet,
ovoid globose, but little fleshy, crowned at the apex with the hardened
calyx-limb, based with the calyculus, 2-seeded ; seeds ovate-orbicular,
convex on one side, on the other slightly concave, the margin on one
or both sides involute after the fashion of coffee seeds. In deep shady
bushy valleys within the prsesidium ; sporadic ; ripe fr. middle of Jan.
1857. No. 3125. In bushy rather shady places at the sides of the
gigantic rocks of the prtesidium ; fr. and fl.-bud Jan. 1857. No. 3125&.
A tree 5 to 7 ft. high ; trunk slender, erect ; head pyramidal ; branches
spreading ; bark of the trunk and branches whitish ; leaves coriaceous ;
fruit scarlet, at the base of the gigantic rocks of the prassidium, on the
western side ; fl.-bud beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 3126. A tree,
7 to 9 ft. high : trunk straight ; head obtusely pyramidal ; bark
whitish ; leaves thinly coriaceous, evergreen, rather glossy. At the
bottom of the gigantic rocks of the prsesidium, sporadic ; young fi'uit
beginning of Dec. 1856. No. 3127-

7. T. benguellensis Welw. ms. in Herb.

An ornamental shrub, 2 to 6 ft. high, erect ; branches and
branchlets patent, decussate, leafy, glabrescent, towards the ex-
tremities reddish and puberulous ; bark ashy ; leaves oblanceolate
or obovate-oblong, rounded or obtusely pointed at the apex,
wedge-shaped at the base, glabrate or puberulous beneath, deep-
gi-een above, paler beneath, coriaceous, 1 to 2 in. long by ^ to 4 in.
broad ; margins sub-recurved ; lateral veins few, inconspicuous,
sometimes with tufts of short hairs in the angles where they start
from the midrib ; petiole very short or obsolete, often hairy ;
stipules entire from a short ovate or truncate connate base
subulate, y„ to g in. long ; flowers whitish, about | in. long when
expanded, clustered about three together in very abbreviated
opposite axillary approximated cymes, subsessile, bracteolate at the
base ; bracteoles calyculate, beset with short rigid whitish hairs,
falling short of the calyx ; calyx small, campanulate, somewhat
compressed, including the ovary Jjj in. long, persistent, the limb
Jj in. long, cupshaped, haii-y on both faces, truncate, 6-toothed at
the apex ; corolla salver-shaped, the tube narrower than the
calyx-limb, glabi'ous both inside and out, i in. long ; throat
glabrous; limb 6 -partite, the segments ^ in. long, oblanceolate-
oblong, rounded at the apex, not much narrowed towards the
base, hairy outside, glabrous inside, spreading in full flower;
stamens 6, exserted, glabrous ; filaments lanceolate-linear,
flattened, ^ in, long, inserted at the base between the corolla -
lobes ; anthers linear, ^ in. long, dorsifixed at the middle ; disk
fleshy, glabrous, short, annular-cup-shaped ; style ;j in. long, erect,
straight, slender, glabrous, bifid about a quarter way down ;
ovary 2-celled ; cells 2-ovuled ; berry pea-shaped, 4 to | in. in
diameter, scarlet, glabrous, crowned with the hairy nrceolate
calyx-limb, 2-seeded or rarely by abortion 1 -seeded.

Bumbo. — A shrub with white flowers. In wooded parts of Serra da
Xella ; fl. with scarcely any leaves, Oct 1859. Apparently this species.
No. 3124.

Tricalysia] lxix. rubiace.e. 471

HuiLLA. — In rocky thickets about Lopollo and in elevated places
in Morro de Lopollo, at an altitude of 5<)0() to 5500 ft., everywhere ;
fl. Nov. 1859 ; nearly ripe fr. end of March 1860. No. 3122. On
declivities from Lopollo towards Humpata, sporadic ; rather young fr.
beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 3123.

Nearly related to I', djurensis Schweinf., but diflFer.s l)y the
wedge-shaped base of the leaves, etc.

2G. CREMASPORA Benth.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 108.

1. C. africana Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 412 (1840); Hiern
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 126.

PrNGo AN'DdXCio. — A slender climber shrub, with obovoid-ellipsoidal
drupes. At the banks of the river Lombe ; fr. 9 March 1857.
No. 3110.

27. POLYSPH^RIA Hook.f.; Benth. & Hook. f.Geu. PI. ii. p. 127.

1. P. neriifolia K. Schnm. in Engl. Ost-Afrik. C, p. 383 (1895).

Var. subnutans Hiern.

A slender glabrous tree, 7 to 10 ft. high, with the habit of a
Coffea ; branches spreading ; bark pallid ; branchlets somewhat
drooping, deep-green ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, shortly or scarcely
glo-ssy, acuminate at the apex, obtuse or unequally narrowed at
the base, thinly coriaceous, 4 to 7 in. long by 1 to If in. broad ;
lateral veins patent, slender, numerous, inconspicuous ; margin
often wavy ; stipules supra-axillary, ovate, apiculate, deciduous ;
fruits (unripe) globose, gi-een, \ in. in diameter, subsessile,
clustered a few together in the upper axils, crowned at the apex
with the shortly hairy remains of the quadridentate calyx-limb,
bracteolate at the base ; bracteoles small, stipuliform.

PuNGO Andongo. — In the shadiest parts of the Calemba Islands
in the river Cuanza : young fr. 11 March 1857. No. 3111.

28. PENTANISIA Harv.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 104.

1. P. caerulea Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial herb, glossy, glabrous, bright herbaceous-green,
with the habit of a Thymus, scarcely a foot high ; rootstock
woody ; stems numerous, erect, gradually more branched in the
upper part, cylindrical at the base, flattened-angular or com-
pressed above, yellowish-green, turning reddish in the dried state ;
leaves sub-linear or linear-oval, apiculate at the apex, nar-rowed
towards the se.ssile or subsessile base, opposite, herbaceous, | to
I5 in. long by ^ to | in. broad, uninerved or with a few incon-
spicuous lateral veins ; stipules from a short broad ba.se adnate to
the petiole or leaf -base with two or three lanceolate or subulate
tips ; flowers about g in. long, sessile, in dense terminal very
abbrev^ated sub-capitate cymes ; calyx-limb 5-cleft, three of the
teeth small subulate, the two others foliaceous much larger
similar to the leaves ; corolla salver-shaped, the tube very slender
throughout, about t in. long, violet-coloured ; the limb 5-partite ;
segments spreading in full flower, valvate in the bud, about ^,- in.

472 LXix. RUBiACE/E. [Pentanisico

long, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, deep violet-blue; throat
glabrous ; stamens 5, exserted ; filaments filiform, inserted at
the throat ; anthers linear-oblong ; disk small, fleshy ; ovary
2-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell, attached near the apex,
pendulous ; style exserted, bifid, filiform, violet-coloured ; fruit
ovoid, dicoccous, about y^- in. long ; seed solitary in each cell,
pendulous from near the apex some way down, soon free, minutely
punctulate.

HuiLLA. — In sparingly-herbaceous places, somewhat shady, in
company with Elephant opus, in forests composed of species of Protea
and Myrtacese, at the river Monino, along the road to Quilengues,
abundant ; fl. and sparing fr. Feb. 1860. No. 5314.

29. CANTHIUM Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 602 (1783).

Plectronia DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 110 ; non L.

Plectronia L, is essentially a difierent genus; the character
originally drawn up and published by Linnaeus positively negatives
an agreement with Canthium, and the specimen in his herbarium
subscribed by his own hand with the name Plectronia ventosa is
an Olinia. It is true that he associated with his plant a plate of
a shrub in fruit figui-ed by Burman and now considered as a
Canthium, but Linnseus had not seen the specimen, and gives
the fruit-characters solely on the authority of Burman ; these
characters, however, are quite immatei-ial for the purpose of the
discrimination of the genus. Furthermore, Linnseus in describing
his only species had regard exclusively to his own specimen, and
although he quotes Burman's plate, he entirely neglects it for the
purpose of his definition.

1. C. rhamnoides Hiern, sp. n.

A bush, 8 ft. high, with the habit of a Rhamnus ; branches
spiny, sub-sarmentose, divaricate, pallid, glabrate, sub-terete :
branchlets pubescent, somewhat compressed towards the extremi-
ties ; spines \ to | in. long ; leaves opposite, elliptical or some-
what obovate, acuminate at the apex, unequally narrowed or
obtuse at the base, papery-membranous, green and scattered with
depressed hairs above, paler-green and pubescent with hairs
scattered and more closely arranged along the nerves and veins
beneath, 2| to 4 in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins 6 or 7
on each side of the midrib, starting at about 35° with it, slender ;
petiole ^ to ^ in. long, pubescent ; stipules subulate-caudate from
a broad base, pubescent, exceeding the petiole ; flowers greenish,
pentamerous, on pubescent pedicels of |^ to i in. long, several
together in axillary opposite subsessile globular cymes of | to
1 1 in. in diameter ; calyx pubescent outside, the tube turbinate,
small ; the limb quinquepartite, the segments linear, ^ to J^- in.
long, glabrous inside ; disk fleshy, cushion-shaped, glabrate or
obsoletely puberulous ; ovary 2-celled, fleshy ; ovules solitary,
pendulous ; young fruit subglabrate, obovoid or oblique, nearly
^ in. long.

Canthium] LXix. rubiack.e. 473

PuNco Andongo.— In littlf Avoods by streams on the elevated rocks
of Tunda Quilomho ; after the fall of the corolla and in young fr.
Jan. 1867. No. 5350.

2. C. virgatum Hiern, sp. n.

A luuch branched erect virgate glo.'^sy slirub, 5 to 7 ft. high ;
branches subterete, glabrate, whitish ; branchlets somewhat coni-
px-essed and shortly hairy towards the extremities, glabrescent,
patent, sometimes abbreviated and almost spiniform ; leaves
opposite, ovate or oval, obtusely narrowed or acuminate and sub-
ai)iculate at the apex, obtuse rounded or subcordate at the base,
coriaceous, rigid, glabrous, shining and with venation and reticu-
lation in relief on both faces, deep-green above, paler-green
beneath, 1 to 2 in. long by || to 1 in. broad ; lateral veins 3 or 4
on each side of the midrib, slender, not conspicuous ; petiole very
short ; stipules from a very short broadly ovate or sub-truncate
base subulate ; flowers white, white-ro.'^}' in bud, greenish in young-
bud, fragrant, pentamerous, ,y in. long before expansion, -^ in.
long when expanded, glabrous outside, on short glabrate pedicels
arranged in abbreviated axillary C3^mes ; calyx green ; limb small,
repand-cpiiiiquedentate, ciliolate ; corolla deejjly 5-cleft ; segments
ovate-oblong, obtuse, valvate in the bud, reflexed in full flower ;
tube short, pilose inside ; throat bearded ; stamens 5, inserted in the
sinuses between the corolla-segments, glabrous, ex.serted ; anthers
lanceolate-oblong ; disk glabi'ous ; ovary turbinate-campanulate,
very small, fleshy, 2-celled ; style filiform, exserted, glal)rous ;
stigma thick, mitriform, truncate and hollowed at the base, deeply
bilobed at the apex ; ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous.

LoANDA. — In dry hilly wooded situations among scattered bushes by
roadside near Quicuxe in company with plants of Strychxis, and at
Inibondeiro dos Lobos, not uncommon : fl. 25 March 1858, and fl.-bud
]\Iay 1854 and 185'.». No. 4752.

3. C. kraussioides Hiern, sp. n.

A much branched, sarmentose, evergreen, glal)rous, glossy
shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branchlets spreading, quadrangular,
opposite ; leaves opposite, elliptical or lanceolate, often subacumi-
nate, narrowed to an obtuse or apiculate apex, unequally wedge-
shaped or obtuse at the base, coriaceous, glossy deep-green and
slightly yellowish-gr( en above, paler yellowish-green beneath, 2
to 3 in. long by 4 to 1 1 in. broad ; lateral veins 3 to G on each
side of the midrib, inconspicuous ; margins narrowly revolute ;
petioles ^ to \ in. long ; stipules from a broad ovate connate base
subulate, about equalling the petiole ; flowers white, pentamerous,
i to \ in. long when expanded exclusive of the glabrous exserted
style, f to I in. long inclusive of it, numerous, on puberulous
pedicels of J to i in. long, arranged in an umbellate or sub-um-
bellate manner in subsessile or very shortly i)eduuculate axillary
opposite cymes k to 1 in. in diameter ; calyx cam[)anulate, tv^ to
^^ in. long, glabrous outside or nearly so ; limb short, quinque-
dentate ; teeth small, lanceolate, minutely ciliolate ; coroUa-tulie
sub-glabrous outside, pilose inside, \ to 1 in. long ; throat bearded ;

474 LXix. RUBiACE^. [C'cmthium

lobes 1 to i in. long, lanceolate, produced at the apex into a fili-
form puberulous tail, valvate in the bnd, reflexed in full flower,
somewhat pilose inside ; stamens 5, exserted ; filaments inserted
at the throat, alternating with the corolla-lobes, compressed,
minutely puberulous, — in. long ; anthers linear-oblong, yellowish,
glabrous, ~ in. long, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; disk
glabrous, fleshy, annular; ovary 2-celled, ovules solitary in the
cells; style far exserted, glabrous, filiform; stigma calyptriform,
subcylindrical, green-yellowish, cleft at the apex ; berry (the only
one seen) didymous, I5 in. in diameter, glabrous.

HuiLLA. — In elevated thickets inMorrodeHumpata, at an elevation
of 6200 ft. ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 5352.

Nearly related to C. ccmdatijlorum Hiei*n.

4. C. gracile Hiern in OHv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 139.
LOAXDA.— Flowers herbaceous-green, somewhat resembling those of

an Aralia ; stigma calyptriform. In thickets in company with species
of Arduina, occasional m the district : fl. and very young fr. Nov. 1853.
No. 3137, Near Museque de Luiz Gomez ; after the fall of the corolla,
March and April 1854. No. 3139. A robust shrub, with patent
branches numerous flowers and usually with didymous fruits. In
thickets near Imbondeiro dos Lobos : fr. Feb. 1858. The albumen in
the seeds is ruminated. The foliage resembles or approaches that of
C. congense Hiern ; the determination is doubtful. No. 3138.

Zenza do Golungo. — A shrub with ascending branches, coriaceous
leaves and whitish flowers. On craggy mountains near Quicanda ; fl .
Sept. 1856. This must also be compared with C. congense. No. 3141-

5. C. glabriflorum Hiern, I.e.

Island of St. Thomas. — A tree of moderate size. In the more
elevated primitive forests : fl. Dec. 1860. Called by the negroes " Cla-
cla." No. 3147.

K. Schumann in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C, p. 386, includes under this
species C. polycarpum Schweinf., a plant from Niamniam-land, which,
however, he cites as C. polyantlmm.

6. C. Medusula Welw., sp. n.

A subscandeut shrub, almost arborescent, or even a small tree ;
habit like that of a Coffea ; branches opposite, long, patent-
nodding or sarmentose, obtusely quadrangular, glabrate, towards
the extremities somewhat comjiressed ; leaves opposite, oval,
cuspidate at the apex, rounded or nearly so at the base, thinly
coriaceous, glossy, glabrescent except sometimes the midrib and
principal veins beneath, ciliate when young, deep-green above,
paler beneath, 2| to 4 in. long by 1| to 2| in. broad; lateral veins
5 to 7, clearly marked beneath each side of the midrib ; petiole
hispid-pubescent at least at first, on some of the branches bent
so as to make the leaves unilateral, about \ in. long ; stipules
interpetiolar, broadly ovate, concave, apiculate, :| to | in. long,
deciduous ; flowers rather exceeding | in. long before expansion,
about i in. long when expanded, glabrous outside or very nearly
so, numerous, on pedicels of about the same length, arranged in
opposite axillary glabrous subsessile panicles likened to the head

Canthmm] lxix. rubiace^e. 475

of Medusa, 1 to 2 in. in diameter ; cjilyx turbinate and adnata
below to the ovary, glabrous except the ciliolate short tnuicate or
obscurely dentate limb ; corolla from whitish to sulphur-coloured;
the tube campanulate, glalirous outside, {^ in. long or a little
longer ; throat bearded ; lobes 5, ovate, obtusely pointed, glabrous
on both faces, about as long as the tube, valvate in the bud,
reflexed in full flower ; stamens 5, shortly exserted, glabrous ;
anthers oblong ; disk glabrous or minutely puberulous ; ovary
glabrous, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous ; style glabrous, far
exserted ; stigma shortly calyptriform ; fruit subglobose, glabrous,
i to I in. in diameter, and sometimes longitudinally furrowed
on opposite sides, green, marked at the apex with the i-emains of
the calyx-limb, 2-celled ; seeds cinnamon-red, didymous or solitary.
GoLUNCio Alto. — By thickets along the margins of primitive forests
near Cambondo and Trombeta ; fl. Dec. 1855 and Jan. 185G, No. 3150.
Cambondo ; fr. 1 July 1856. According to Senhor Lima of Dalatando
called " Quicange-quiangilla." No. 3151- Cambondo : very young fr.
Feb. 1855. No. 3152. A subarborescent shrub, with a coffee-like
habit, the sarmentose branches elongated, sometimes nodding or almost
scandent ; drupaceous fruit greenish ; seeds cinnamon-coloured.
Cambondo ; fr. beginning of July 1856. Native name " Qui^anga
Quiangilla." Coll. C.vrp. 646.

7. C. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A considerable ti^ee, 20 to 30 ft. high, with a broadly spreading
more or less pyramidal head ; trunk straight, obtusely more or less
tetragonal, 12 to 15 in. in diameter, never spiny ; wood white,
hard ; branches and branchlets patent, tetragonal, glabrous or
glabrescent ; branchlets bisulcate, green ; leaves oppo.site, usually
oblong or oval-oblong, obtusely acuminate or cuspidate at the
apex, obtuse rounded or more or less deeply cordate at the base,
chartaceous-coriaceous, rather flaccid, glabrescent, shining above,
pallid bright-green without gloss not at all reddish (as at length
they become in the dried state) beneath, devoured with gi-eat
a\'idity by insects, very large, often a foot and a half in length ;
lateral veins 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, depre.ssed above,
in clear relief beneath ; petiole short, ranging up to | in. long ;
stipules broadly ovate, obtu.se, ranging up to 1| in. long, deciduous,
glabrescent and glos.sy at the back ; flowers whitish -yellowish or
of a pale-sulphur colour, ^', in. long before expansion, about 1 in.
long when expanded exclusive of the ex.serted style, pentamerous,
glabrous outside, on puberulous or subglabrous pedicels of y\. to
I in., arranged in compound axillary cymes 2 to 3 in. in diameter ;
common peduncle glabrous, ^^ to 1 in. long, repeatedly dichotomous,
compressed or almo.st 2-edged, somewhat dettexed ; bracteoles
successively smaller, the smallest ciliolate shortly hairy inside ;
calyx shortly campanulate, a little compressed at the ba.se,
occasionally bi-gibbous, the Hmb short and shortly dentate,
minutely or obsoletely ciliolate; corolla-tube ^ in. long, densely
hairy inside ; the throat bearded ; lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse,
g in. long, faintly tomentellous in.side, valvate in aestivation.

476 _ LXix. RUBiACE^. [CccntMum

spreading at the time of the flower, rather fleshy, soon turning
ferruginous-fuscons ; stamens glabrous, 5, inserted on the throat
of the corolla, alternating with the lobes ; filaments shorter than
the anthers ; anthers sagittate-lanceolate, 2 -celled, dehiscing
longitudinally, of a cinnamon colour even in the bud; disk
annular, fleshy, glabrous ; ovary 2 -celled, ovules solitary in the
cells, pendulous ; style glabrous, filiform, rather fleshy, smooth,
exserted, | in. long ; stigma thick, ovoid, calyptriform, green, ^^
in. long, with several longitudinal whitish membranous angles ;
fruits drupaceous, pea-shaped, usually didymous, green when
unripe, about ^ in. long, arranged in cymes 4 to 5 in. in diameter.
Sometimes heterophyllous, with a few cordiform smaller leaves in
addition to the ordinary ones.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In the dense primitive forests of Alto Queta,
sparingly and flowering rather rarely ; fl. middle of March 1856. The
natives call this (and also C. golungoise Hiern, No. 3153) " Molemba
N-gongo " or " Mulangel-Ngombe " or " Muhunga-Hun^-a." No. 3148.
In the elevated forests of Alto Queta ; unripe fr. July 1856. No. 3149.

9. C. hispidumBenth.inHook.NigerFl.p. 409; Hiern, Z.c, p. 140.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A sarmentose shrub, 4 to 6 ft. 'high ; leaves black-
green, shining, membranous, rather rigid : flowers tetramerous ;
corolla white outside, soon turning a little pale-yellowish ; lobes of the
limb reflexed at the time of full flower, inside of a deep sulphur colour,
the whole corolla soon turning red ; throat bearded ; stigma green,
mitriform, vertically winged with delicately membranous laminas.
By the lower thickets of the mountains of Queta, also near N-delle,
not uncommon : fl. end of Dec. 1855, and in March 1856. Sometimes
heterophyllous as in Polyspluvria and C. vi/Iraticum. No. 3135. A sub-
sarmentose shrub 5 to 7 ft. high ; stem quadrangular, sulcate ; branches
opposite, quite patent or even reflexed ; branchlets hirsute with rigid
distant ferruginous hairs ; the younger leaves very densely ferruginous-
hirsute, the adult ones bright herbaceous-green ; bracts ovate from a
broad base, acuminate, hirsute with rigid distant ferruginous hairs ;
berries pea-shaped. By thickets along the river Quango at the base
of the mountains of Alto Queta ; fr. Aug. 1855. No. 3136.

C. eongense Hiern, I.e., p. 141.

PuNGO Andongo. — A robust sarmentose nearly scandent shrub,
with pale-yellowish flowers. In thickets by the river Lutete ; fl.
18 Oct. 1856. No. 3142.

Bumbo. — Flowers white. In shady places by the river Bumbo ; fl.
Oct. 1859. No. 3140.

10. C. huillense Hiern, sp. n.

A hard rigid erect shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches subterete or
roundedly tetragonal, ashy, glabrate ; branchlets opposite, decus-
sate, patent, shortly pubescent or glabrescent, sometimes fore-
shortened and quasi spine-like ; leaves ovate or oval, obtu.se at the
apex, unequal and usually obtuse at the base, thinly coriaceous or
firmly submembranous, glabrate or puberulous especially along
the midrib and in the axils of the 2 to 4 inconspicuous veins on
each side of the midrib beneath, | to 1| in. long by ^ to f in.
broad, green on both faces, somewhat fleshy, often concave or

Ccmthium] LXix. rubiace^. 477

longitudinally folded inwards ; petioles short, ranging up to j\ in.
long ; stipules ovate, apiculate, connate at the base, undivided,
deciduous ; flowers i in. long when expanded, I- in. long before
expansion, white, tetramerous, glabrous outside, on rather short
puberulous pedicels, arranged in axillary shortly pedunculate
cymes }^ to 1 in. in diameter ; common peduncle i to | in. long,
puberulous ; bracteoles small, deciduous ; calyx-liral) small, shortly
dentate ; corolla quadrifid ; the tube ^^ in. long, pilose inside ;
the throat bearded ; the lobes -^.j in. long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous
on both faces, valvate in the bud, spreading or reflexed in full
flower ; anthers 4, glabrous, exserted ; disk glabrous ; ovary
2-celled, fleshy, campanulate, somewhat compressed ; ovules solitary
in the cells, pendulous ; style exserted, glabrous, curved ; stigma
calyptriform.

HuiLLA. — In wooded thickets near the lakelvautala ; fl. end of Feb.
1860. No. 3145. In rather dry bushy places between Lopollo and
Moninho, sporadic ; fl. March 1 800. No. 3146.

11. C. sylvaticum Hiern, sp. n.

A robust climbing tawny-pubescent shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high •
branches obtusely quadrangular, at length glabrate ; leaves
opposite, oval-oblong, acutely acuminate at the apex, unequal and
more or less rounded at the base, thinly coriaceous, dark-green
glossy and glabrate or with scattered hairs above, reddish (in the
dried state) paler and hairy along the principal veins and midrib
beneath, 2 to 5 in. long by y to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins 5 to 7
on each side of the midrib, rather slender, depressed above, in
relief beneath ; petiole ^ to | in. long, more or less hairy ; stipules
ovate, much acuminate, hairy on the back, inter pet iolar, g to
I in. long, deciduous ; flowers i in. long when expanded exclusive
of the exserted style, on short pubescent pedicels, tetramerous,
numerous, arranged in pedunculate bracteolate densely paniculate
opposite axillary cymes J^ to 1 in. in diameter, yellow-greenish,
scarcely fragrant ; common peduncle pubescent, i to j\ in. long ;
bracteoles lanceolate or subulate ; calyx about J^ in. long, hairy
at the base, the limb glabrous except the ciliolate margin, 4-cleft ;
corolla-tube i in. long, cylindrical, glabrous outside, pilose inside;
throat bearded ; lobes 4, ovate, obtuse, -^,^ in. long, glabrous ;
anthers exserted, glabrous, oblong ; disk glabrous, annular-fleshy ;
ovary hairy outside, 2-celled ; ovules solitary in the cells, pendu-
lous ; style glabrous, exserted ; stigma mitriform.

PuNGO Andongo.— In forests near the base of Pedra Cabondo
within the praesidium ; fl. April 1857. No. 3134.

The leaves below the branches are occasionally sub-orbicular and
cordate, after the manner of the heterophyllous condition sometimes
noticed in species of Polys/ihierca.

12. C. tenuiflorum Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

A shrub, climbing or sarmentose-scandent : trunk not uncom-
monly 2 in. in diameter at the base ; branches o})posite, patent,
obtusely quadrangular, glabrate, puberulous at the extremities ;
bark whitish ; leaves oval-elliptical, acuminate or cuspidate at the

478 LXix, RUBIACE/E. [Cmithhim

apex, rather obtusely narrowed or nearly rounded at the base,
thinly coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, shining and deep-green
above, yellowish-green beneath, fuscous in the dried state, those
on the flowering branches visually loosely pendulous, 1 to 3 in.
long by 4 to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 on each side of the
midrib, not very conspicuous ; petiole |^ to i in. long, glabrescent ;
stipules lanceolate-subulate, puberulous, deciduous, about equalling
the petiole ; flowers pale yellowish, tetramerous, about ^ in. when
expanded exclusive of the exserted style, nearly i in. inclusive of
the style, numerous, on pubescent pedicels of about ^ in. long
arranged in dense compound pedunculate axillary panicles f to
1 in. in diameter ; common peduncle |^ to f in. long, pubescent in
flower, glabrate in fruit ; calyx about Jg- in. long, scattered with
short hairs outside and ciliate on the margin ; limb small, cleft,
the lobes deltoid ; coroUa-tube ^ in. long, cyhndrical, glabrous
outside, pilose inside ; the lobes ovate, obtuse, sub-apiculate, ^V ii^*
long ; throat somewhat pilose ; anthers exserted, oblong, glabrous,
on short filaments inserted about the throat ; disk glabrous ;
ovary 2 -celled ; style glabrous, far exserted ; stigma mitriform ;
ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous ; fruit globose, occasionally
bilobed-chdymous, \ to i in. in diameter, glabrous ; the scar of the
remains of the calyx-limb and the disk often far removed from the
apex of the fruit.

PuNGo AndOjSGO. — By thickets in rocky wooded parts (Barrancos)
of the prsesidium : unripe fr. Dec. 1856. No. 3144. In wooded thickets
near Quilanga and Quibanga, not uncommon ; fl. April 1857. No. 3143.
In young fr. Doubtfully referred here. No. 3252.

13. C. golungense Hiern, sp. n.

A small evergi-een glabrous tree of 10 to 15 ft. or more, or a
tree-like shrub of 5 to 9 ft. ; stem quadrangular, furrowed ;
branches spreading, angular, purplish and somewhat compressed
towards the extremities and at the upper nodes ; bark ashy ; head
widely spreading ; leaves elliptical, obtusely or narrowly acumin-
ate at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous,
bright-green on both faces, shining with a varnish-gloss above, 3
to 54 in. long by I5 to 2| in. broad, widely wavy on the margin ;
lateral veins 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, not conspicuous ;
petiole 5 to g in. long ; stipules from a broad base subulate,
sheathing, keeled-acuminate ; flowers from whitish to greenish or
yellowish, tetramerous, small, i in. long when expanded, on puber-
ulous pedicels of ^V to | in., arranged in opposite compound
axillary cymes of 1 to If in. in diameter; common peduncles
ranging up to f in. long, puberulous ; bracteoles small ; calyx
campanulate-cupshaped, about ^^ in. long, puberulous; limb
truncate, very obscurely toothed ; corolla-tube ^^ in. long, glabrous
outside, pilose inside ; throat bearded ; lobes -^^^ in. long, ovate,
obtuse, faintly tomentellous inside, valvate in the bud, reflexed in
full flower ; stamens 4, glabrous, inserted at the thi-oat of the
corolla, exserted; anthers oblong, introrse, dorsiflxed, 2 -celled,
longitudinally dehiscing ; filaments reflexed ; disk shortly hairy,

Canthium] LXix, ruijiace.k. 47^

annular, fleshy ; ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous ;
ovules thick ; style far exserted, glabrous, rather exceeding j in.
long, slender ; stigma ratliei' thick, mitrifoi-ni, cleft at the apex
into two ovoid little lobes; fruit (unripi') pea-shaped with the
calyx-limb distant from the apex or usually sub-didymous \vith the
persistent calyx-limb or its remains central at the apex, glabrate.
^ in. long, 2- or 1-celled.

Occasionally the plant is heterophyllous, with some smaller
cordiform leaves in addition to the ordinary ones.

GoLUNGO Alto. — At the bordersof primitive foresjts along the banks
of the river Cuango ; fl. and unripe fr. middle of Dec. 1855. Native
name "Molemba N-Gongo." No. 3153- In the dense forests of Alto
Queta, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1855. Also behind Cacarambola :
fl. and fr. 1 Sept. Native name " Molamgela-n-gombe." No. 3154-
Branch with foliage only. No. 3155- At the borders of the primitive
forest as a tree, in secondary woods as a bush ; at N-delle in Queta
occidental : fl. and fr. May 1850. Native name " Mulanguel-engombe.'"
No. 3156.

The same native name is used for C. Welwitschii Hiern ; No. 3148.
Another native name, apparently for both, is " Muhun9a-Hun9a."

14. C. umbrosum Hiern, sp. n.

A small bushy tree, with spreading thick sub-terete glabrate
opposite branches and a broad shady head ; branchlets shortl}'
hispid -tomentose, somewhat compressed, leaves opposite, broadly
ovate or oval, cuspidate or subacuminate at the apex, unequally
obtuse or nearly rounded at the base, thickly membranous, dark-
green and nearly glabrescent above, paler-green and more or less
tomentellous or shortly hispid-tomentose especially along the
veins beneath, about 2| to 3 in. long and broad or probably
larger; lateral veins 6 to 10 on each side of the midrib, .slender;
petiole I to I in. long, shortly hispid-tomentose ; stipules from
a broad ovate base subulate, deciduous ; flower-buds pentamerous,
numerous, in densely crowded, axillary and sub-terminal, sub-
globose, shortly pedunculate cymes, subsessile ; ovary 2-celled ;
ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous.

HuiLLA. — In forests composed of Parinari near Lopollo ; fl.-bud
Dec. 1859. No. 2576.

Apparently nearly related to C. crassum.

15. C. platyphyllum Hiern, sp. n.

A robust, liard, very rigid, dense shrub, 3 to G ft. high ;
branches tortuous, ferruginous, glabrate, sub-terete ; branchlets
woolly-hairy at the extremities, densely leafy; leaves opposite,
large, obovate-oblong, rounded or sub-cuspidate at the apex, more
or less wedge-shaped at the base, thinly coriaceous, very dark-
green and scattered with short curly tawny hairs above especially
along the midrib and 8 to 10 pairs of lateral veins, more
densely hairy and pale-tawny beneath, 2 to 6 in. long by 1 to
2^ in. broad ; petiole ^ to ] in. long, rather thick, hairy ; stipules
lanceolate-subulate from a broad base, hairy, deciduous, about
5 to tin. long ; inflorescence axillary or lateral on the branchlets,

480 LXix. RUBIACE^. [Ca7ithium

many-flowei^ed, about 1 in. in diameter, tomentose ; flowers
pentamerous ; calyx-limb deeply 5-lobed ; the lobes ovate or
lanceolate, tomentose on both faces, about g in. long after the
fall of the corolla ; disk fleshy, glabrous ; ovaiy tomentose, cam-
panulate, 2-celled, very fleshy ; ovules solitary, pendulous ; young
fruit obliquely ellipsoidal, sub-glabrate, about 1 in. long, apparently
1 -seeded, solitary.

HuiLLA. — In the open forests of Monino, sporadic ; after the fall
of the corolla and in young fr., Dec. 1859. No. 2583-

30. VANGUERIA A. L. Juss. Gen. PI. p. 206 (1789); Benth.
A Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 111.

1. V. infausta Burch. Trav. ii. p. 258, note, and p. 259, fig.
(1824) ; Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 147.

HtJiLLA. — A bush, 10 to 15 ft. high, decussately branched ; leaves
ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, deciduous ; flowers from greenish
to yellowish ; unripe fruit greenish-purplish with a yellowish tinge, as
large as a small hazel-nut. In wooded rocky rather elevated situations
near Lopollo ; fl. 15 Dec. 1859 ; fr. 16 Jan. 1860. No. 5351.

2. V. canthioides Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl, p. 408 (1849) ;
Hiern, I.e., p. 149.

GoLUXGO Alto. — A bush, 3 to 10 ft. high, sometimes arborescent :
the central stem after the fall of the leaves showing from the petioles
of the leaves ternate spines which are altogether absent from the
circumferential branches ; young leaves membranous, the older ones
chartaceous-rigid, early deciduous ; flowers greenish ; calyx cam-
panulate, with 5 acute short distant teeth ; corolla salver-shaped, the
tube equalling in length the five segments of the Umb which are
reflexed at the time of fuU flower ; stamens 5, inserted on the
bearded throat of the corolla ; anthers ovate-acuminate, brick-red,
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; disk annular, thick ; ovary covered
by the calyx, 5-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous ; style central, rather
thick, a little curved below the apex i stigma large, pileiform, green,
obtusely lobed at the apex : young berries green, pentagonal. In
shady forests at the base of the mountains of Queta, near Camilungo,
rather rare : fr. June 1855. At the great waterfall of the river
Cuango ; fl. Sept. 1854 ; fl.-bud 11 Oct. 1855 ; fl. May 1856. No. 5347-

3. V. umbellulata Hiern, I.e., p. 150.

PuNGO Andongo. — A shrub, almost arborescent, with sub-scandent
branches. In wooded parts of Pedras de Guinga ; after the fall of
the corolla and in fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5348- A bush, 10 to 12 ft. high ;
branches spreading ; branchlets pendulous-nodding ; young fruit green,
sub-globose. In the primitive forests of the Calemba Island ; young
fr. 12 March 1857. No. 5349.

In the absence of the flowers from the specimens, these deter-
minations are doubtful ; they mu,st be compared, especially the
latter No., with V. euonymoides 8chweinf.

31. FADOGIA Schweinf.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. Ill,
excl. syn.

Pachystigina Hochst. (1842) has been united with this genus by
K. Schumann, and being older has been adopted by him in the

Fadof/ia] LXix. rubiace.e. 481

naming of the species ; Hochstetter's plant appears to mo lather
to belong to Cuviera.

1. F. Cienkowskii Schweinf. Rel. Kotsch. p. 47, t. 32 (18GS) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 154.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A suffruticose herb, with the habit of a Li/d-
niachia ; rootstock woody, very hard, horizontal, occasionally tuberous-
swelled ; stems several, cylindrical at the base, 3- to 4-angular above,
in the living state more or less glaucous-green, turning hoary in the
dried state, 1 to 2 ft. high ; leaves opposite or ternate or rarely
quaternate, membranous, dry, rather rigid ; flowers from whitish to
greenish ; calyx usually 6-toothed, greenish ; corolla rather fleshy
throughout, yellow, the limb 4- or 5-, rarely 7-cleft, the lobes reflexed
at the time of flowering ; stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and
alternating with them, reflexed in flower ; anthers reddish ; style
straight, sub-angular, surrounded at the base by the thick rather
broad disk ; stigma capitate, with '•'> or 4 thick erect ovate obtuse
lobes, giving the whole style the appearance of a minute tulip with its
scape. In dry elevated sandy-rocky but earthy pastures sut)mitted to
annual burnings for the purposes of cultivation, abundant, but only
seen near Banza in Sobato Bumba ; fl. middle of Oct. 185;") ; fr. March
1850. No. 2566. In rocky-sandy pastures among short herbage
between Bumba and Banga Aquitamba : fr. March 1856. No. 2577-
Habit precisely that of a L>/s/macIvn ; flowers yellow ; berries pulpy,
black. In Sobato de Bumba ; fr. Oct. 1855. Coll. C.a.rp. 644.

PuNGO AN'DuN<rO. — On the grassy slopes of Pedras de Guinga,
sparingly ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 2578.

HuiLLA. — A herb, with a woody rootstock, and several stems a foot
high or rather more : leaves beneath with a thick midrib and raised
reticulation ; flowers white or whitish ; fruit agreeably acid-sweet.
In wooded meadows between Eme and the great lake of Ivantala ;
fl. and ripe fr. beginning of March 1860. This includes a form with
narrower lanceolate-oblong leaves. No. 2565- In the lower rocky
thickets between MumpuUa and Humpata, sporadic ; fl. Oct. 1859.
No. 2577^. An undershrub, 1| t(j 2 ft. high, with the habit of a
Lijdmachia ; stems numerous ; leaves 4-verticiliate ; flowers clustered
in the axils, yellowish, pentamerous or hexamerous ; berries black-
bluish, as large as a good-sized pea, sub-globose, like a whortleberry in
taste and shape but a little larger, sweet-acidulous, edible, with 2 to
4 reniform seeds. In the interior brought to the markets by the negroes
in December and January and sold for ardent liquors or gunpowder.
Native name "Muninghi" (Muningui ?) plural ; sing. " Ninghi." At
LopoUo ; fr. Dec. 1859 and April 1860. Coll. Cari>. 33.

2. F. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n,

A little shrub, 4 to 8 in. high, glabrous or very nearly so, not
spiny ; primary stem decumbent-ascending, sub-terete, dark-ashy,
densely branched apparently after the burning of the upper part
of the plant ; branches angular and often trigonous above, densely
leafy towards the extremities ; leaves mostly ternate, oblanceolate,
rounded sub-apiculate or somewhat acuminate at the apex,
gradually wedge-shaped towards the subsessile base, flrmly and
rigidly sub-coriaceous, green on both faces, very slightly paler
and obsoletely scaly beneath, 1 to 5 in. long by I to 1 in. broad,
sub-erect or making a small angle witli the brancii ; lateral veins

31

482 LXix. RUBIACE/E. [Faclogia

4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, shghtly reddish (as well as the
net-veins) but scarcely conspicuous ; stipules ovate or lanceolate,
i to i in. long, entire, deciduous ; inflorescence axillary, paniculate,
puberulous or glabrate, about 1 in. in diameter ; common peduncle
i to ^ in. long ; pedicels ranging up to i in. long ; bracteoles
lanceolate, small; calyx i to i in. long, the limb 5-partite;
segments lanceolate-oblong, apiculate, somewhat unequal, J^ to ^L-
in. long, glabrate or obsoletely puberulous, persistent ; disk
glabrous or obsoletely scaly ; ovary shortly campanulate, slightly
compressed, glabrous, fleshy, 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; ovules
pendulous ; young fruit sub-globose, somewhat compressed, about
^ in. in diameter, umbilicate at the apex and crowned with the
persistent not accrescent calyx-lobes.

HuiLLA. — In bushy pastures on the left bank of the river of
Lopollo, sporadic ; after the fall of the corolla and in young fr. Jan.
1860. No. 2584.

3. F. fnchsioides Welw. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 85,
t. 50 (1873) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 155.

PuNGO Andongo. — Berries reddish. In Mata de Mangue ; ripe fr.
Jan. 1857. Only one specimen found, No. 2567^'. A herb almost
suffrutescent or an undershrub, a foot high ; rootstock thick, fleshy-
woody ; stems few, erect ; leaves thick, fleshy with the nerves purple
beneath ; flowers wine-purple, afterwards turning red, rather fleshy,
green-yellowish inside, with reflexed limb ; stigma remarkable, as in
the genus ; fruit red. In the sandy forests of Cazella, on the left
bank of the river Lutete near the confines of the district of Ambaca,
very rare, in company with a dwarf Meliacea {Nelanaregam aluta
0. Kuntze, Welw. No. 1301) and Sesmiiimi angolense Welw. No. 1645 ; fl.
18 Oct. 1856. No. 2568. In sandy forests at Luxillo, sparingly ; fr.
Feb, 1857. A form with small fruit \ to I in. in diameter ; leaves
opposite or ternate, marked with red veins. No. 2568/>.

HtriLLA. — An erect undenshrub or shrubby herb, 1 to 3 ft. high,
caespitose or at least with several stems ; rootstock thick, hard-woody,
horizontal or obliquely descending ; stems strict, scarcely woody,
purplish or reddish, cylindrical below, obtusely trigonous from the
middle to the apex, verticillately leafy ; leaves mostly ternately or
quaternately or rarely 5 — 6-verticillate, softly coriaceous, lanceolate-
ovate or elliptical, entire, glabrous or more or less shaggy ; petiole
short, articulate with the stem ; stipules interpetiolar, entire ; peduncles
axillary, typically ternate-verticillate and 3- flowered, blood-red ; pedicels
as long as the common peduncle or shorter ; flowers handsome ; calyx
blood-red ; the tube obconical, adnate to the ovary ; the limb superior,
patelliform, truncate ; corolla coriaceous or fleshy-membranous, blood-
red, like that of a fuchsia ; the tube long, shaggy inside ; the throat
naked ; the lobes of the limb 6 to 8, valvate in the bud, arching-
reflexed in full flower, yellowish inside ; anthers 6 to 8 corresponding
to the number of the corolla-lobes, sessile or subsessile, inserted
in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes, linear, exserted, all alike ;
ovary inferior, 6 to 8-celled ; the cells one-ovuled ; style simple,
conical, surrounded at the base by the epigynous disk, gradually
narrowed, exserted ; stigma precisely crown-shaped, broadly truncate
both at top and bottom, stigmatose around the circumferential sides,
broadly 6- to 8-radiate or even somewhat 6- to 8-lobed at the apex and

Fadogia] LXix. rubiace.*:. 483

there not stigmatose, greenish as well as the whole style ; berry fleshy,
more or less globose, crowned with the cupuliform calyx-limb and with
the remains of the disk, typically G- to 8-celled ; the cells one-seeded ;
seeds reniform : testa whitish-yellow. In bushy hilly places on a sandy
clay soil, between LopoUo and the great lake Ivantala ; fl. and young
fr. Jan. 18G0. No. 2567.

4. F. stenophylla Welw. ex Iliern, I.e.

HuiLLA. — A herb, scarcely a foot high ; rootstock woody ; stems
several, erect, occasionally flowering before the expansion of the leaves,
of a pretty green colour ; flowers from whitish to violet-purplish, with
a violet-blue tinge. In bushy pastures on the right bank of the
Lopollo stream, between LopoUo and Catumba, sparingly ; fl. Nov.
and Dec. 18r>ii ; fr. I860. No. 2570.

5. F. lactiflora Welw. ex Hiern, I.e., p. 156.

HuiLLA. — An erect herb or undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, with the
habit of a Fhlomis ; rootstock woody : stems several, strict ; flowers
handsome, milk-white ; calyx-teeth rather long ; stigma crown-shaped.
In hilly thickets near Lopollo : fl. Jan. 1860 ; fr. April 1860. No. 2569-

32. CUVIERA DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 112.

1. C. angolensis Welw. ex K. Schvim. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam., iv. 4, p. 94, fig. 33, J (1891), without descriptive
diagnosis.

A small glabrous pyi-amidal tree, 12 to 20 ft. high, or in
cultivated fields (ftrimos) usually only 8 to 12 ft.; sap milky;
trunk slender, straight, destitute of branches below, but densely
armed mth opposite, decussate, strong, very acute, quite patent
spines of 1 to 2 in. in length ; branches and branchlets green,
the latter swelled at the nodes ; leaves oblong, opposite, usually
cuspidate at the apex, oblique and rounded at the base, papery,
smooth, 4 to 9 in. long by 1| to 4 in. broad, dull-green above,
paler beneath, those on the older branches pendulous ; petiole
^ to i in. long ; lateral veins about 8 on each side of the midi-ib,
rather slender and beneath conspicuous ; stipules sheathing,
keeled, acuminate, about § to i in. long ; inflorescence axillary,
branched, 2 to 4 in, long, pale yellow-greenish outside throughout
except a bright I'osy stellate patch about the naked throat of the
corolla ; pedicels very short ; common peduncle ^ to 1 in. long ;
bracteoles sub-linear, ranging up to 1 in. in length ; calyx
including and adnate to the ovary; tube short, campanulate-
ventricose, obtusely 3- to 4-angular, deeply 3- to 5-lobed ; the
segments elongate-lanceolate, unequal in length, bractlike, ex-
ceeding the corolla, herbaceous-green, 4 to 2 or 3 in. long ; corolla
shortly salver-shaped, fleshy-coriaceous, deep herbaceous-green
outside ; tube short, bright-red inside, at the base inside with a
ring of silvery shining hairs directed downwards; limb 5-cleft,
shortly rotate ; segments lanceolate or ovate-acuminate, rigid,
green, expanded in a stellate manner in full flower, valvate at
the base in aestivation ; the tips long, acuminate or subulate,
contorted in the bud ; stamens 5, inserted in the sinuses of the

484 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [Ciiviera

corolla- lobes around the ring of hairs ; rigid, exserted ; filaments
compressed-cylindrical, fleshy, curved-patent at the time of
flowering ; anthers ovate, cordate, introrse, 2 -celled, obtuse at the
apex, basifixed ; cells separate at the base, cohering at the apex
longitudinally, yellow : ovary adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled ;
cells 1-ovuled; disk a little elevated, flat; style thick, columnar,
rosy, densely pilose ; stigma mitriform, large, obtuse, stigmatose
and cleft at the apex ; fruit oblique, deeply furrowed, about
1 in. long, crowned with the more or less persistent calyx-limb
or with its remains.

GOLUNGO Alto. — -In rather dry places, among tall grasses and in
thickets, among the mountainous forests of Alto Queta ; fl. April and
May 1865 ; fr. end of August 1855. No. 2564. Coll. Carp. 648.

33. ANCYLANTHOS Desf. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 112 {Anc>/lanthus).

1. A. rubiginosus Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. iv. p. 5, t. 2 (1818) ;
Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 153 (1859); Hiern in Oliv. Fl.
Trop. Afr. iii. p. 158.

A.ferrugineus Welw. in Andr. Murr. Journ. Trav. i. p. 29 (1868).

PuNGO Andongo. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, branched from the base,
at first sight looking exactly like an Azalea ; leaves soft, rather
thick, scarcely coriaceous, fully developed only after the flowers ;
flowers rather rigid, rather dry, bright brick-red. In rocky thickets,
from the praesidium to the district of Ambaca ; abundant : fl. Nov. 1856:
fr. Feb. 1857. No. 3159.

2. A. fulgidus Welw. ex Hiern, I.e., p. 159.

Ancylanthus (sp.), Welw. in Arch. Sc. Phys. et Nat. Genev.
1861, p. 202.

HuiLLA. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, rather densely virgate-branched ;
stems sparingly and patently branched ; branches rufous-tomentose ;
corolla brilliantly orange-red. In wooded thickets from Mumpulla to
Lopollo : fl. Oct. 186U. No. 3160. At Lopollo in front of Senhor
Kneissman's house ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 3161.
A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with handsome flowers. In thickets : fr. Jan.
1860. Coll. Carp. 87.

Perhaps only a variety of the last species.

3. A. cinerascens Welw. ex Hiern, I.e.

Pungo Andoxgo. — An erect, patently branched shrub, about 4 ft.
high, the young parts cinereous-tomentose throughout. Berries from
yellow to reddish, but little juicy. In the denser forests of Mutollo
near the praesidium ; fr. Jan. 1857. No. 3162- A slender shrub, 3 to
4 ft. high ; fruit pulpy, red-velvety ; seeds larger than in A. ruhigino.sus
Desf. In forests by the river Mangue : fr. 31 Jan. 1857. Coll.
Carp. 659.

4. A. cistifolius Welw. ex Hiern, I.e.

Pungo Andongo. — An erect, sparingly branched shrub, IJ to 3 ft.
high. In the forests composed of MimoseiE by Serra de Pedras de
Guinga, sporadic : fr. Jn. 1857. No. 3163.

Crater ispernii(?)i] lxix. rlbiacejE. 485

34. CRATERISPERMUM Ilenth. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 112.

1. C. laurinum Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 411 (1849);
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 160.

Goi.UNCio Alto. — A bush, 12 to 1.5 ft. high; trunk 2 to H in. in
diameter at the base ; branches rather erect ; young fruit drupaceous,
green. In the more elevated forests of Sobato de Quilombo ; unripe
fr. midddle of July 1856. No. 3116.

PiTNGO Andongo. — An arborescent shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high ; branches
elongated, as well as the Ijranchlets somewhat drooping ; leaves
coriaceous ; stipules very broad, almost connate and truncate without
a mucro, or sometimes rounded-obtuse and mucronatc ; inflorescence
like that of 'Tr'tcalynia ; flower-buds green-whitish ; fruit crowned
with the cup-shaped calyx-limb, minutely warted outside. In the
small damp woods among the more elevated rocks within the pra3sidium,
sporadic : fl. and fl.-bud beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 3115-

2. C. montanum Hiern, I.e., p. 162.

IsL.\ND OF St. Thojia.s. — I^eaves yellowish-green. Mucumbrara ;
fl.-bud Dec. 1860. No. 3158.

35. PAVETTA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 114.

1. P. angolensis Hiern, sp. n.

A .sliruli, 2 to 5 ft. high, sometimes shaped like a miniature
ti'ee with spreading or deflexed-ascending branches, in other cases
with twisted branches as if scandent, evergreen, glabrous or very
nearly so : branchlets quadrangular, whitish, but towards the
extremities gi-een, somewhat compressed and leafy ; leaves opposite,
obovate-elliptical, cuspidate or acuminate at the apex, wedge-
shaped and often unequal at the base, thinly coriaceous, tlie
blade 3 to 5 in. long by 1 to 2 in. broad, rather glossy, turning
livid in the dried state ; lateral veins 7 to 9 on each side of the
midrib, starting at about 60°, slender, not conspicuous ; petioles
ranging up to \ in. long; stipules widely sheathing, almost
retuse, the midrib keeled, projecting in a long mucro ; flowers
tetramerous, rather fleshy, snow-white, fragrant, very handsome ;
^- to 1 in. long when expanded, exclusive of the midrib, subsessile,
many together arranged in globular sessile terminal condensed
capitate cymes ; calyx ovoid, the limb deeply quadrifid ; the
segments elongated-subulate, erect in the flower, \ in. long or
rather longer, per.si.stent ; corolla glabrous, salver-shaped ; tube
slender, elongated, '^ to f in. long ; limb deeply 4-cleft ; segments
oblong-lanceolate, \ to }^ in. long, shortly hooded-mucronulate at
the tip, reflexed-spreading in full flower ; stamens 4, alternating
with the corolla-lobes, inserted on its throat, exserted ; filaments
filiform, much shorter than the anthers ; anthers linear, 2 -celled,
dehiscing longitudinally, soon turning black, about | in. long ;
disk thick, elevated, sub-tubular ; ovary included in and adnate
to the calyx-tube, 2- celled ; cells 1-ovuled; style cylindrical, very-
much elongated, 2^ in. long, white, exceeding the corolla-tube by
about l{r in., gradually terminating in the long-clavate stigma,

486 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Pavettd

scarcely bifid at the tip ; fruit depresso-subglobose, glossy, about
I in. in diameter, 2-celied, 2-seeded, crowned -with the persistent
calyx-limb.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In dense thickets at the borders of primitive
forests at the base of the very lofty mountain of Cungulungulo ; with
imperfect fl. Feb. 1855. No. 3187-

PuNGO Andongo. — In densely shaded parts of Mata de Cabondo,
within the prassidium, not uncommon ; fl. end of Dec. 1856. No. 3185.
Mata de Cabondo ; fr. April 1857. No. 3186.

This species is allied to P. Cooperi Harv.

2. P. nitidula Welw. ms. in Herb.

A very elegant bush or little tree of 12 to 15 ft. with the habit
almost of a Laurus, or in secondary thickets a shrub of 4 to 6 ft.,
very much branched, glabrous and rather shining throughout
except the inflorescence and the base of the stipules inside ;
branches roundly quadrilateral, somewhat compressed towards the
extremities ; leaves narrowly elliptical, pointed or apiculate at
the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, coriaceous, rigid, dark-green
and glossy above, paler and brownish-subglaucescent beneath, 4 to
6 in. long by 1 to 1| in. broad ; margin narrowly revolute ; lateral
veins 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib, slender, not conspicuous;
petioles ranging up to about ^ in. long ; stipules broadly ovate,
.supra-petiolar, nearly connate at the base, keeled-subulate, about
I in. long, hairy at the base inside; flowers rather large, hand-
some, rosy-white or pale-purple, slightly aromatic, nearly ^ in.
long when expanded exclusive of' the exserted style, tetramerous,
on short rather thick bracteolate puberulous pedicels, arranged
many together in rather dense corymbose-hemispherical usually
sessile cymes 2 to 4 in. in diameter, terminating the branches;
calyx puberulous ; the limb quadrifid half way down, shortly hairy
on both sides, campanulate-hemispherical, about yV in. long ; the
lobes roundly deltoid, somewhat keeled and keeled-apiculate ;
corolla between funnel-shaped and salver-shaped, glabrous outside ;
the tube about ^ in. long, widening upwards, thinly hairy inside,
densely bearded at the throat; lobes 4, about f in. long, oval-
oblong, keeled-emarginate at the apex, contorted dextrorsely (as
seen from above) in the bvid, spreading or reflexed in full flower ;
anthers about \ in. long, linear, glabrous, longer than the fila-
ments, exserted ; disk fleshy, elevated, glabrous ; ovary 2-celled,
somewhat compressed, the cells 1 -ovuled ; ovules imposed on the
fleshy placentas ; style "about | in. long, glabrous below, slender,
projecting about f in. beyond the expanded corolla, gradually
thickening upwards into the narrowly clavate hauy stigma,
bidentate at the apex ; unripe fruits numerous, subglobose, slightly
turbinate at the base, crowned at the apex with the persistent
puberulous calyx-limb, \ in. in diameter, glabrate or nearly so,
2-celled, 2-seeded.

PuNGO Andoxgo. — In rocky shady places, and in wooded thickets
within the prsesidium, especially by the streams Cazella and Cabondo,
abundant ; fl. from Oct. to April; nearly ripe fr. April 1857. No. 3189.

Pavetta] Lxix. rubiace^. 487

Much resembling P. liavoniu, but the calyx-lobes are not imbricate
and are persistent on the fruit.

3. P. Baconia Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, iii. p. 17G.
GoLUNcio Alto. — A shrub, 12 ft. high, with a widely spreading leafy

head : trunk 2 in. in diameter at the base : branches erect-spreading ;
leaves evergreen : flower-buds greenish ; fruit drupaceous, juicy, either
sub-globose or didymous, soft and turning black when ripe, 1- to
2-8eeded. In the forests of 8obato Quilombo ; fl.-bud and ripe fr.
middle of July 185(5. No. 3203 and Coi.L. CAur. 647.

Cazencu. — A shrub, .') to 5 ft. high, with a coffee-like habit, white
flowers, and coriaceous evergreen leaves. In shady forests along the
river Luinha, and also between Cambondo and the Luinha : Dec. 1854.
Colonial name " Primo de Caffe'." The specimens were given to Wel-
witsch by Senhor Pereira, and are without corollas. No. 3188-

The condition of the specimens renders these determinations some-
what doubtful.

4. P. radicans Hiern, sp. n.

A small low-growing shrub, about 6 in. high ; the little trunks
bending down trailing or decumbent and rooting, glabrate ;
branchlets pubescent with short hoary spreading hairs, erect or
ascending, leafy towards the extremities ; leaves (perhaps not fully
developed on the specimens) opposite, elliptical or somewhat
obovate, obtusely narrowed at the apex and apiculate with a
cartilaginous tip, unequally narrowed at the base, firmly char-
taceous, dark-green and puberulous or hispidulous at least along
the midrib above, rather paler or browner and more hairy beneath,
1 to H in. long by ^ to § in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 on each
side of the midrib, inconspicuous ; petiole yV to i in. long, hispidu
lous; stipules ovate, subulate-acuminate, almost connate at the
base, hairy at the back, glabrous inside, about i in. long, deciduous ;
flowers white, fragrant, tetramerous, about 1 in. long when ex-
panded exclusive of the exserted style, on short hoary-pubescent
pedicels, few or several together in abbreviated lateral axillary or
terminal cymes or terminating short lateral branchlets ; bracteoles
small, stipuliform ; calyx ,1 in. long, shortly hairy outside, cam-
panulate, somewhat compressed, the limb ^V in. long, 4-cleft, the
lobes ovate or deltoid, hairy on both sides ; corolla scattered with
pubescent hairs outside, salver-shaped ; tube ^^ to 1 in. long,
hairy inside, slender ; throat bearded ; lobes oval-oblong, pointed
at the apex, about ] in. long, comparatively glabrous inside, but
with some hairs especially near the base, contorted in the bud
dextrorsely (as seen from above), .spreading or reflexed in flower ;
anthers linear-, about 1 in. long, glabrous, twice as long as the
filaments, exserted ; ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary, on fleshy
placentas; style slender, glabrous, entire, exserted nearly ^ in.
beyond the expanded corolla.

HuiLi.A.— In thickets near LopoUo ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 3184.

Nearly related to P. mbcana Hiern or to P. canesce/is DC, it differs
from each by its low habit ; in length of flower and breadth of leaf it
approaches /*. tncana.

488 Lxix. RUBiACE^. [Pavettci

5. P. Schumanniana F. Hoffm. ex Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr., C, p. 389.
HuiLLA. — A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with numerous stems ; corolla

■white, contorted in the bud. In wooded thickets between LopoUo and
Monino, abundant ; fl. Dec. 1859 : fr. March 1860. No. 3190.

6. P. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect branched shrub : branches shortly pubescent or
glabrescent, ashy, more or less quadrangular, compressed at
the nodes ; branchlets leafy, pubescent- hispidulous with pallid
spreading hairs, somewhat compressed towards the exti-emities ;
leaves oblanceolate or obovate, opposite, rounded or obtuse and
usually pointed or subapiculate at the apex, gradually wedge-
shaped to the subsessile base, not fully developed at the time
of the flower, deciduous, subcoriaceous, dark-green and scabrid
with short scattered hairs above, paler and scabrid-tomen-
tose beneath, ranging up to 6 in. long by 1| in. broad;
lateral veins about 8 pairs, not conspicuous ; stipules ovate,
acuminate-subulate, sujira-axillary, hairy at the back, glabrous
inside, about | in. long; flowers white, sweetly fragrant, tetra-
merous, about ^ in. long exclusive of the exserted style, on very
short hairy pedicels, many together arranged in opposite dense
globular lateral and subterminal abbreviated shortly pedunculate
bracteate cymes of 1 to 1| in. in diameter mostly in the axils of
the leaves of the previous season ; bracts and bracteoles vmequal,
ovate, hairy on the back, glabrous inside ; common peduncle about
■| in. long ; calyx campanulate, hairy outside, ^ in. long ; the limb
y\j^ in. long, glabrous inside, gr^een, cleft half way ; lobes ovate ;
corolla nearly but not quite glabrous outside, shortly salver-
shaped ; tube bearded inside about the throat and on the upper
part, i in. long ; lobes oval when flat, linear-oblong as inflexed at
the apex and margins, apiculate, glabrous inside except the
base, i in. long, contorted dextrorsely (as seen from above) in the
bud, spreading in a star at the time of the flower, inflexed at the
tip and along the margin ; anthers 4, sub-linear, glabrous, ^ in.
long, 2-celled, acuminate at the apex by reason of the prolongation
of the connective, erect at the time of the flower, exserted, soon
reflexed ; disk glabrous, fleshy, annular ; ovary 2-celled, fleshy ;
ovules 2, imposed on the fleshy placentas ; style glabrous, exserted
to a distance of | in. beyond the expanded corolla, thickened and
somewhat club-shaped above, cleft at the apex ; lobes small, 2,
stigmatose on the inner side ; young fruit pea-shaped, ^ in. long,
glabrate except the hairy calyx-limb.

PuNGO AndonCxO. — In rocky thickets about the prgesidium, as for ex-
ample at Lombeand Caghui ; fl. and young fr. 11 Oct. 1856. No. 3191

36. COFFEA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 114.

1. C. arabica L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 172 (1753) ; Hiern in Oliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 180 ; Welw. Apont. p. 549, sub n. 87, and
Synopse Explic. p. 9, n. 13 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis p. 199 (1884).

GoLUNGO Alto.— A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; trunk 9 or very
rarely 12 in. in diameter at the base, straight in the lower part, then

Cofea] Lxix. rubiace^e. 489

iu old age inclining ; branches horizontal or even nodding, in old age
mostly unilateral. Quite indigenous in the more elevated primitive
forests throughout the district, and also often cultivated ; fl. Dec. ISSa
and Feb. ISSi".. No. 3183.

The coffee-tree is native in nearly all the virgin forests of the moun-
tainous districts, chiefly in elevated positions ; it occurs iu this manner
in Cazencjo, Dembos, and Hunco, and from the wild plants seedlings
are raised to stock the coffee-plantations in Golungo Alto and Cazengo.
It is quite erroneous to say that the coffee tree was introduced into
Angola by missionaries. It reaches a height of 20 ft., and its trunk 6
to 18 in. in diameter, but when so large as this it produces only a poor
crop, and on that account the colonists habitually cut down the old
trees to the height of a foot, for they find that this treatment induces
at once from the old stock numerous vigorous shoots that in the follow-
ing year are covered with nice young fruits. The wood is one of the
most compact and durable in the interior, and is very suita])le for
furniture, such as chairs, tables, bedsteads, etc. ; it is also excellent for
various articles of turnery, and takes a good and very dural)le polish.
The native name in these districts is " IMurianbambe " or '• Muria
Nbambe," which is composed of the words Muria (gut) and Nbambe
(antelope), because a species of antelope there has a preference for the
leaves of this tree.

Coi.L. Cai;p. 654 consists of coffee seeds as a sample of the coffee of
the Mahungos. Colf.. Carp. 655 consists of coffee-seeds " Caffe de
Mooambique '' from the London 1862 Exhibition, perhaps belonging
to Cofta Zcuiijueharia' Lour.

2. C. liberica Hort. Bull, ex Hiern in Trans. Linn. See. Ser. 2,
i. p. 17L t. 24 (1877), and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 181 ; Ficalho,
I.e., p. 204; Froehner in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxv. p. 269 (1898).

Golungo Alto. — A small tree, 10 ft. high ; branches spreading
horizontally ; leaves larger than in the last species, sometimes nearly a
foot long. In the elevated shady primitive forests of Cunguluiigulo,
intermixed with the last species ; altitude about 2000 ft. ; young fr.
Feb. 1855. No. 3183.

Cazen(;o. — A tree of 10 ft. : trunk 4 in. in diameter at the base.
In the elevated forests of Mount Muxaulo, on the left bank of the
river Luinha, abundant and quite certainly indigenous ; young fr. 25
and 26 Dec. 1854. No. 3181.

3. C. melanocarpa Wehv. ex Hiern in Trans. Linn. See, Ser. 2,
i. p. 173, and in Uliv., I.e., p. 183; Ficalho, I.e., p. 205.

GoLrxco Alto. — A shrubs to G ft., or occasionally a little tree of
the same height ; leaves almost membranous ; berries quite lilack, not
red-purple when ripe as is the case with C. <t rallied. In the less dense
forests of Soltato de Bango Aquitamba and Bumba, as for instance, at
the river Delamboa, not uncommon ; fr. Nov. and Dec. 1855.
No. 3177. A small shrub : leaves evergreen ; flowers not yet seen.
In forests near Sange, in company with Dicliroatachiis pkitf/carjxi,
sporadic ; 2 Feb. 1855. The flower-buds are peculiar for having the
calyx so thin transparent brittle and glossy that it looks like glass, and
the buds seem to lie in the axils like drojis of water ; this peculiarity
is retained for some time even after the specimens have been dried for
the herbarium. No. 3179- Fl. and young fr. No. 3180. Sange ;
July 1855. The whole fruits dried by artificial heat to preserve their
black colour. Coll. Carp. 050. A little tree, quite like in habit to
C. arahica : berries black, tinged black-purple ; testa of the seeds very

490 Lxix. RUBiACEiE. [Coffea

loosely investing the cotyledons, quite smooth. In moist forests, often
in company with C. arabica, at the banks of the river Delamboa ; ripe
fr. July 1855. Coll. Carp. 651. MatadeCacarambola : seeds August
1855. Coll. Carp. 652. Berries didymous-round, black-purple. In
forests near Morro de Cacarambola, in company with palms ; seeds
July 1855. Coll. Carp. 653.

Cazengo. — Berries when ripe as large as a good-sized pea, somewhat
didymous, very black with a very slight redness, 1 or 2-seeded ; near
the river Delamboa ; nearly ripe fr. June 1856. Also in Golungo
Alto. No. 3178.

4. C. hypoglauca Welw. ex Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2,
i. p. 173, and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 183 ; Ficalbo, I.e., p. 205.

PuNGO Andongo. — A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; head lax ;
branches quite patent ; leaves thinly coriaceous, shining, glaucous
beneath. In wooded situations near Catete, Baranco grande in Sobato
de Catete ; unripe fr. Dec. 1856. No. 3174. A tree of 15 ft. or more,
with the habit precisely of C. avahicd ; trunk 2h ft. (?) in diameter at
the base ; branches patent ; leaves few-nerved and glaucous beneath ;
unripe berries green, as large as a small-sized pea. In shady forests
between Catete and Pedra Pungo ; unripe fr. Feb. 1857. No. 3175.
A small tree, 8 ft. high, with the habit of C. nrahica ; trunk straight,
slender ; berry 2-celled and 2-seeded or in some cases 1-celled and
1 -seeded the septum and the second seed being abortive ; seeds
furrowed on the face (or according to Welwitsch flat and without a
furrow on the face in the case of a nearly ripe fruit). In wooded
places near Catete at the river Tangue. wild ; nearly ripe fr. May 1857.
No. 3176.

5. C. jasminoides Welw. ex Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. 2,
i. p. 175, and in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 185 ; Ficalho, I.e., p. 205.

Golungo Alto. — A sarmentose twisted shrub ; flowers precocious,
snow-white, subpendulous, very sweetly fragrant. In very shady
forests on the i-ight-hand side of the road leading from Ponte de Luiz
Simoes, towards Camilungo ; with leaves without fl., and fl. without
leaves, Dec. 1854. No. 3169. Ponte do Felix Simoes, Camilungo ;
with leaves and fr. beginning of June 1856. No. 3170. Flowers
white, a little purplish, very fragrant ; corolla hexamerous and
pentamerous. Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. without foliage, Jan. 1856.
No. 3171. A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, erect but with the branches more
or less sarmentose, leafless at the time of flowering, very much
branched ; branches decussate, spreading horizontally ; habit of a
Jasminnm, which it resembles also in the shape and the very pleasant
fragrance of its flowers ; calyx relatively small, completely hidden by
bracts, investing the ovary, urceolate ; the limb erect, crenate-lobed ;
the lobes 7 or 8, short, broad, rather rigidly membranous, rounded-
obtuse at the apex ; corolla funnel-shaped, salver-shaped, white, usually
rosy-red outside ; the tube slender, sub-cylindrical, equal, about an
inch long, naked inside ; the limb spreading, 6- or 7- or very rarely
5-partite ; the segments oblong, rather obtuse, erect-patent ; stamens
equal in number to the corolla-lobes or very rarely 8, inserted a little
below the throat of the corolla, included ; anthers incumbent but
erect on account of the shortness of the filaments, attached by the
middle to the very short filaments ; style deeply bifid at the apex,
with spreading thick lanceolate-spathulate obtuse lobes stigmatose on
the inner side. In the densest thickets of forests, with its ultimate
branches quasi-scandent among neighbouring shrubs, near Camilungo

CoJ'ea] LXIX. RUBlACEyE. 491

on the left-hand side of the Ambaca road ; fl. end of Oct. 1855. A
shrub very well worth cultivating for the sake of the elegance and
fragrance of its flowers. No. 2572. A subscandent shrub. In wooded
thickets near Bango ; fr. No. 3172. Calyx hidden by surrounding
scales, adnate to the base of the petiole. In dense forests on the
northern slopes of Serra de Alto Queta ; few nearly ripe fr. end of
Nov. 1855. Differing from the common form of the species by its
leaves being rather more coriaceous, apparently mostly verticillate in
fours, and occasionally rounded at the apex. No. 3173.

37. RUTIDEA DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 116.

1. R. Smithii llievu in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 189.

Var. Welwitschii Elliot in Jonrn. Linn. See. xxx. p. 82 (1894).

GoLUNCio Alto. — A shrub 4 to G ft. ; branches sarmentose, quite
patent, slender, flagelliform-elongated, twisted, flexuous, almost scan-
dent, sustained by other shrubs ; pith jointed in the manner of a
Conferva ; leaves rigidly chartaceous, deciduous ; flowers white, slightly
fragrant ; calyx bracteolate at the base, campanulate, crowned with
5 obtuse erect teeth ; corolla white, salver-shaped : the limb 5-cleft,
reflexed, beset at the throat on the upper part of the tube inside
with whitish erect-spreading pilose hairs ; stamens 5, inserted at the
throat, exserted by the turning back of the corolla-limb ; anthers
linear, acuminate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, dorsifixed ; disk
cupuliform, rather high ; ovary included in the calyx ; style filiform,
central, far exserted, beset on the lower included part with thin hairs,
thickly clavate towards the apex, split and stigmatose at the apex ;
berries orange-scarlet, as large as a peppercorn or a very small pea.
In dense thickets and rather dense forests from Sange to the streams
Gate and Casaballa and in hilly situations on the right bank of the
river Delamboa, abundant : fl.-bud from the beginning of Nov. 1854
to 5 Jan. 1855, constantly in the same condition, and May 1855 ■ fl
Oct. and Nov. 1855 ; fr. Sept. and Oct. 1854. No. 3168.

2. R. hirsuta Hiern, sp. n.

A slender shrub, climbing far and high, with the habit of
an Ophion'hiza ; stems weak, sub-terete, pallid, glabra te below,
hirsute above with spreading or deflexed somewhat tawny hairs ;
leaves thinly coriaceous or snb-membranous, rather rigid, opposite,
oval or sub-elliptical, rounded obtuse or narrowed and apiculate at
the apex, rounded or subcordate and unequal at tho l)ase, bright
green on both faces, glabrate except along the narrowly depressed
mich-ib above and except the raised midrib and the 6 or 7 lateral
veins on each side of it beneath, 3 to 6 in. long by li to 3 in.
broad; petiole i to | in. long, hirsute; stipules supra'petiolar,
with a prolonged subulate hirsute apex from a short broad base,
\ to I in. long ; flowers \ to 1 in. long, greenish with the corolla-
limb more deeply green-yellowish inside, sessile, a few together
arranged in small bracteolate lieads arranged in biacbiate or sub-
spicate pyramidal terminal bi-acteate cymes 2 to 3 in. long on a
common peduncle of about the same length ; bracts sub-acicular
and hirsute or sometimes sub-foliaceous ; bracteoles sub-acicular,
smaller, hirsute ; calyx 1 in. long, hirsute outside, at the base
with 2 subacicxilar bracteoles of j^. in. in length ; the tube funnel-
shaped, small ; the limb deeply 5-partite, j\j to |- in. long, hirsute

492 LXix. RUBiACE.i:. YRutidea

outside, glabrous inside, cHiate, with lanceolate-linear sub-acicular
segments; corolla-tube slender, f to |^ in. long, thinly hairy out-
side, glabrous inside ; the limb deeply 5-cleft, spreading ; the
lobes lanceolate or ovate, pointed, i in. long ; anthers 5, inserted
near the middle of their backs on shorter filaments about the
throat of the corolla, alternating with its lobes, yV to -^ in. long,
linear-oblong, glabrous, erect, half exserted ; disk narrow, fleshy,
glabrous, annular; ovary 2-celled; cells 1-ovuled; ovules on fleshy
placentas ; style glabrous, slender, reaching nearly as high as the
anthers, narrowly clavate and stigmatose towards the entire apex ;
berries globose, i in. diameter or rather larger, rather dry,
glabrous, crowned with the persistent hirsute erect calyx-limb,
1 -celled, 1 -seeded ; seed globose, about ^ in. diameter ; albumen
deeply ruminated.

PuNGO Andongo. — By thickets along streams near Cazella within
the praesidium, rather sparingly : fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. No. 3166-
In similar places ; fl. middle of Nov. 1856, rather rare. A form with
the corolla-tube abbreviated, f in. iong (half as long as in the previous
No.). No. 3167.

38. MORINDA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 117.

1. M. citrifolia L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 176 (1753); HierninOliv.
Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 191.

Var. lucida Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 406 (1849) (sp.).

Barra do Ben'go. — A small tree in the form of a bush with
branches hanging down and with white flowers. In palm-groves by
the river Bengo, near Santo Antonio ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1853.
No. 4765.

GoLUN(;o Alto. — A beautiful leafy tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, remark-
able for the peculiar lustre of its foliage and the abundance of its
white fragrant flowers ; trunk a foot in diameter at the base ;
branches spreading ; branchlets nodding-ascending ; leaves coriaceous.
At the borders of palm-groves along the banks of the river Delamboa,
rather rare ; fl. and young fr. May 1855. No. 4754. A small tree.
Compare also with the next species. Coll. Carp. 658.

Prince's Island. — A small tree, apparently evergreen : branches
patent, red ; branchlets and leaves bright-green ; flowers whitish,
fleshy. In forests about Pico Papagaio ; fr. Sept. 1 853. Native name
"Guigo.' No. 4756.

According to a note of Welwitsch, the name of this tree in Golungo
Alto is '■ N-golo-mugi," and its trunk reaches the size of 2\ to 3 ft. in
diameter, especially in the virgin forests of Capopa : the timber is
generally used by the negroes for the building of their huts.

2. M. longiflora G. Don, Gen. Syst. iii. p. 545 (1834); Hiern, I.e.
Golungo Alto. — A subscandent evergreen shrub ; leaves and

flowers more or less fleshy ; flowers completely herbaceous-green
except the internal face of the corolla-lobes which is snow-white.
Near Ponte de Felix Simoes, sparingly ; fl. Nov. 1854. No. 4757. A
shrub, sometimes prostrate with the flowering branchlets ascending, in
other cases cUmbing with the branches and branchlets hanging down ;
flowers hexamerous, very sweetly fragrant, scented like jessamine ;
calyces concrete at the base, diverging in a radiating manner from one

Morinda] LXix. rubiace^. . 493

centre ; the limb cupuliform, truncate, fleshy, hard, loosely surrounding
the corolla-tube, herl)aceouR-green ; corolla resembling a jessamine in
shape as well as fragi-ance, tltishy, rigid, herbaceous-green outside ; the
lobes snoAV-white inside, s])r(,'adiiig in a stellate manner during the time
of flowering, at length reflexed ; fruit rather dry, the syncarpium
an inch in diameter. At the borders of forests close to the river
Delamboa ; fl. Jan. 1855 : also by the Ambaca road at Camilungo ; fr.
Sept. lS5o. No. 4758. An evergreen climbing shrub with white
fragrant flowers ; at Sange, fr. August 1855. Coi.i.. C.vui'. G5G. An
evergreen climbing shrub ; flowers very fragrant with an aroma like
that of a jessamine. In wooded situations near Sange : fr. July 1857.
Coll. Cai;i'. 057. These specimens from the carpological collection
must also be compared with the previous species.

39. MYRSTIPHYLLUM P. Browne, Hist. Jam. p. 152 (1756).

Psychotrophuvi P. Browne, I.e., p. 160, pro parte, t. 17, f. 2.
Psychotria L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 929 (1759) ; Benth. k
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 123, excl. syn. part. Myrstiphyllon
Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 505 (1763). Chasallia vel Chassalia
Oomm. e.K Poir. in Diet. Sc. Nat. viii. p. 198 (1817). Chasalia
DC. Prodv. iv. p. 531 (1830); Benth. & Hook, f., Ic, p. 126.

1. M. cristatum.

Psychotria anstata Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. [>. 205.

GoLUNGO Alto. — A shrub, rather an undershrub and tortuously
sarmentose on the ground with erect branches when growing in very
shady situations, but in open and less shady places climbing on trees
though to no great height ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, brittle, very
glossy above ; flowers white : pedicels fleshy, ventricosely jointed,
pale-rosy ; calyx green ; corolla pentamerous, the tube gibbous, fleshy ;
the throat naked ; the lobes induplicate-angular towards the apex ;
anthers 5, deep-violet in colour, at length exserted in consequence of
the turning back of the corolla-limb which is spotted with yellow
inside : filaments inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube ; style 1,
terminating in a bifurcate stigma : the lobes rather thick, yellowish,
subspathulate. In forests and their densely bushy outskirts, amongst
the eastern mountains of Queta, Jipepe : not yet in full fl. end of Dec.
1855. No. 3200- A shrub climbing widely but not high; berries of
a gi-een-violet colour when not quite ripe. In thickets near Banza
in Sobato Bumba, rather rare ; fr. July 1855. No. 3201. A low
prostrate shrub : flowering branchlets ascending : flowers cymose,
milk-white ; peduncles rosy, fleshy : berries turning black-blue, as
lai'ge as a good-sized pea, apparently 2-seeded. Capopa : fr. April
185G. Coll. Caki-. 64.5.

2. M. nigropuuctatum.

Psychotria n'ujropvnctuta Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 207.

PuNGo Andongo. — A low little shrub ; stem ascending ; leaves
subcoriaceous, rather glossy ; flowers whitish. In very shady parts of
Mata de Pungo, sparingly ; fl. Dec. 1850, No. 3195- Our specimens
diflier a little from the type by the extremities of the stem and lower
face of the leaves being minutely puberulous, etc.

3. M. reptans.

Psychotria reptans Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 418 (1849) ;
Hiern, I.e., p. 211.

494 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Myrstiphyllum

GoLUNGO Alto. — An evergreen shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves glossy
above ; flowers white, dimorphic ; corolla-lobes valvate in the bud,
induplicate at the apex, with little horns proceeding from their folds.
In dense mountainous forests, especially by streams near Fonte de
Capopa, about Sange ; fl. 1 Dec. 1854. No. 3204. A shrub of 2 to
4 ft.; bi'anches rather erect, the fresh branchlets marked with two
longitudinal lines of hairs and a little compressed below the inter-
nodes ; leaves subcoriaceous, black-green and very glossy above, pallid
beneath ; corolla white, pentamerous, tubular ; the limb 5-cleft,
recurved-spreading at the time of full flower ; the throat bearded ;
stamens 5, inserted at the throat, exserted ; filaments bearded at
the base ; anthers cordate, white, introrsely 2-celled, longitudinally
dehiscing ; ovary three-quarters covered by the quinquedentate calyx ;
style filiform, bilobed at the apex ; the lobes more or less spathulate,
rather thick, stigmatose inside, sub-exserted. On slopes at the out-
skirts of forests on the left bank of the river Cuango ; fl. 5 June 1855.
No. 3205- A form with denser inflorescence. No. 3205&. A shrub,
1^ to 2 ft. high ; branches bent, very slender ; berries red-vermilion,
2-seeded ; seeds depresso-hemispherical. In dense forests among the
mountains of Queta as far as Ondela, sporadic ; fr. June 1855. No. 3206.

PuNGO An CONGO.— In thickets between Candumba and Lombe ; fl.
March 1857. No. 3207-

4. M. macrodiscus.

Chasalia macrodiscus K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii.
p. 469 (1897).

PuNGO Andongo. — A climbing shrub ; leaves coriaceous, deep-
green, paler beneath ; corolla from whitish to flesh-colour, with a
curved tube ; stamens placed together in one part of the corolla-tube
during the time of full flower, the opposite part of the tube being
occupied solely by the style. By rocky thickets in the fortress,
rather rare ; fl., middle of Nov. 1856. No. 3198. A widely scandent
shrub, with purple flowers. By thickets on the western side of the
prajsidium ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 3199.

This species is dimorphic, the anthers being only half exserted with
the style long and exserted in the first No., and the anthers wholly
exserted with the style short and included in the second No. ; it is
referred with some doubt to the name above, which belongs to a
Gaboon plant collected by Soyaux, n. 212 ; I have not seen a type
specimen of it ; our specimens agree fairly well with the description
as quoted, but the leaves do not exceed 5 in. long by '2^ in. broad,
the petioles range only up to | in. long, and the absence of fruit
renders it impossible to compare the size of the disk at the apex.

40. GRUMIIEA Gaertn. Fruct. i., p. 138, t. 28, f. 2 (1788).
Psychotria Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. ii. p. 123 pro parte, non L.

1. G. catetensis Hiern, sp. n.

A small glabrous rather glossy tree ; branches sub-terete,
dichotomous, the ultimate ones subscandent, somewhat compressed
towards the extremities, leafy ; leaves opposite, elliptical or
oblanceolate, pointed or subacuminate at the apex, narrowed
or vp-edge-shaped at the base, tough, papery-coriaceous, gi-een on both
faces, the young ones turning dark in colour when dry, ranging
up to 8 in. long by 3 in. broad ; margins narrowly revolute ;
lateral veins about nine on each side of the midrib, slender.

Ch'itmilea] LXix. RUBiACEiE. 495

patent, raised beneath ; petioles ranging up to 1 1 in. long ;
stipules ovate, acute, connate at base, undivided, \ in. long;
flowers pentamerous, greenish, about g in. long when expanded,
on short puberulous pedicels arranged in compound umbellate
shortly pedunculate or sessile puberulous tormirial cymes 2
to 3 in. in diameter ; common peduncles ranging up to ^ ii^-
long ; calyx -^V in. long, puberulous outside ; the limb cupuliform,
5-cleft ; the lobes deltoid, glabrous inside ; corolla nearly glabrous
outside ; the tube about ^^ in. long, straight ; the throat densely
bearded ; the lobes about ^ in. long, oval, pointed, valvate in the
bud, induplicately so at the apex, spreading or reflexed in open
flower ; stamens 5, inserted at the throat of the corolla ;
glabrous ; anthers ellipsoidal-oblong, exserted, shorter than the
filaments, ttV in. long : disk fleshy, glabrous, prominent, com-
paratively large ; style glabrous below, not exserted, about
reaching the throat of the corolla ; stigma bilobed ; ovary
small, fleshy, 2-celled, sub-turbinate, somewhat compressed ; cells

1 -ovuled ; ovules erect ; fruit pea-shaped, | in. in diameter,
glabrate, 1-celled ; seed solitary ; albumen apparently ruminated.

PuNGO Andongo. — In dense forests by streams near Catete ; fl. and
young fr. Dec. 1856. No. 3208.

"2. G. flaviflora Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, 12 to 15 in. high, as the upgrowth from a
woody rootstock, or probably growing taller ; stems several, erect
or ascending, not much branched, pubescent or puberulous with
whitish short hairs and somewhat angular except the base, com-
pressed toward the apex ; middle internodes distant ; leaves
opposite, obovate, rounded or retuse and sometimes mucronulate
at the apex, wedge-shaped towards the base, thinly coriaceous,
shining, deep-green and sparingly scattered with short hairs
above, paler and subscabrid with short hairs along the midrib
and venation beneath, ranging up to 4 in. long l)y 2^ in. broad ;
lateral veins about 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, slender but
clearly marked as well as the i-eticulation beneath ; petioles ranging
up to I in. long ; stipules deltoid, pointed, undi\dded, connate at the
base, hairy at the back ; flowers turning yellow, about I to ^ in.
long when expanded, sessile or subsessile, several together in little
dense clusters arranged in brachiately branched hemispherical-corym-
l)0se pedunculate hairy terminal cymes about 2 in. in diameter ;
common peduncle nearly 3 in. long, compressed, pubescent, with

2 caudate bracts at the apex ; bracteoles small, some caudate ;
calyx about ~^^ in. long, pubescent outside ; the limb cupuliform,
4 to 5-cleft, glabrous inside, lobes deltoid; corolla rather fleshy,
i or i in. long when expanded ; the tube cylindrical, straight or
nearly so, nearly glabrous outside ; throat densely bearded ; limb
spreading ; lobes 4 or 5, ovate, obtuse, ^V to ^^ in. long, valvate
in the bud, induplicately so and hooded at the apex ; stamens .
4 or 5, more or less shortly exserted, minutely hairy ; anthers
oblong, about equalling the filaments which are inserted on the

496 Lxix. KUBiACE^. [GrimiUea

corolla throat ; disk fleshy, cushion-shaped, glabrous ; ovary
2 ■ celled ; cells 1-ovuled; ovules erect or ascending; style
glabrous at base, minutely puberulous upwards, dilated towards
the bilobed stigma, often a little curved ; lobes of the stigma
glabrous inside.

PuNGO Andongo. — Between Cazella and Luxillo ; fl. Jan. 1857.
No. 3194.

3. G. moninensis Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, about 18 in. high, often flowering at the top of
shoots of 9 to 1 2 in. high which arise after periodical burnings ;
stems sub-terete below, palHd or reddish, glabrate below, puberu-
lous above; branches patent, densely puberulous towards the
extremities with pallid short thick hairs, leafy ; leaves opposite,
obovate or oblanceolate, usually obtuse or rounded at the apicvi-
late apex, wedge-shaped to the sessile or subsessile base, thinly and
fiimly coriaceous, deep-green and nearly glabrous above, whitish
and squamulose-tomentellovis beneath except the reddish venation,
li to 4 in. long by f to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about 10 on
each side of the midrib, starting at about 45° with the midrib,
clearly marked by difference of colour beneath ; stipules broadly
ovate, bipartite ; flowers white, about ^ in. long when expanded,
i in. long before expansion, subsessile, clustered several togethei'
in little heads bracteolate at the base, arranged in compound dense
pedunculate nearly glabrous terminal cymes 1 to H in. in diameter ;
bi-acteoles small, ovate ; common peduncle about 1 in. long ; calyx
^2 ii^- long, glabrous or nearly so ; the limb cupuliform, 5-cleft ;
the lobes deltoid, loosely surrounding the corolla-tube ; corolla
white, rather fleshy, the tube funnel-shaped, short, straight,
glabrous outside ; the throat densely bearded ; the lobes 5, ovate,
nearly ^ in. long, valvate in the bud, induplicately so at the apex,
spreading in full flower, nearly glabrous outside, faintly squamu-
lose-paberulous inside ; stamens 5, glabrous ; anthers linear-
oblong, exserted, dorsifixed ; filaments nearly as long as the
anthers, inserted at the throat ; ovary 2 -celled ; cells 1-ovuled ;
ovules ascending, sub-orbicular, compressed ; disk glabrous, fleshy-
annular ; style glabrous, about i in. long, rather thick and a little
curved ; stigma thickly clavate, 2- or rarely 3-lobed ; fruit rather
dry, subglobose, i in. in diameter ; seed |^ in. in diameter ; testa
intruded.

HuiLLA. — In the wooded thickets of Monino ; fl. and fr. beginning
of April 1860. No. 3193.

4. G. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A robust little shrub, a foot high ; stems simple or a little
branched, sub-terete glabrate and bare below, somewhat com-
pressed puberulous and leafy towards the top ; leaves opposite,
ovate, rounded obtuse or shortly pointed and often apiculate at the
apex, rounded obtuse or shortly narrowed at the base, chartace-
ous, glabrous above or nearly so, usually scattered with vei^y short
hairs especially along the principal veins and margin beneath.

(y'ruimlea] LXix. hubiace.e. 497

pallid-green on both faces, .slightly paler beneath, 3 to 5 in. long
by 2 to 3 in. broad; lateral veins 10 to 12 on each side of the
naidrib, incon.spicuous; petioles ^ to 1 in. long; stipules ovate, acute,
bidentate, puberulous at the back, ^ in. long, deciduous ; tiovvers
peutamerous, white, 1- in. long when expanded, on short puberu-
lous pedicels, several together in little clusters arranged in umbel-
liform or pyramidal-corymbose compound pedunculate terminal
cymes 1 to 1^ in. in diameter ; bracts and bracteolos small or
obsolete; common peduncle II to 2 in. long, rather slender,
puberulous; calyx campanulate-hemispherical, somewhat com-
pressed, y , in. long, minutely puberulous outside ; the limb
shorter than the ovary, with 5 broadly ovate lobes, glabrous
inside or very nearly so ; corolla minutely pubescent outside ; the
tube i in. long, straight, glabrous inside except 5 patches of
whitish hairs about the top making the throat densely hairy ;
lobes oval-oblong, equalling the tube, puberulous inside, reflexed
in open flower ; stamens 5, glabrous ; anthers ellipsoidal-oblong,
exserted ; filaments longer than the anthers, inserted about the
throat of the corolla ; disk fleshy, elevated, glabrous ; ovary
fleshy, 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate ; ovules oval, compressed, erect ;
style glabrous, straight, bilobed at the stigma, equalling the
corolla-tube.

HuiLLA. — In the more open forests of Monino ; fl. Jan. 1860.
No. 3193.

5. G. subsuceosa lliern, sp. n.

A small tree, often a robust shrub of 3 or 4 ft. in height but
then perhaps only young, glabrous neai^ly throughout ; branches
sub-terete ; branchlets somewhat compressed towards the extremi-
ties ; leaves opposite oval or somewhat obovate, cuspidate at the
apex, more or less wedge-shaped, sometimes very shortly so
towards the base, thinly and dryly coriaceous, glossy, rather rigid
in the living state, deep-green above, paler beneath, 4 to 7^ in.
long by 2 to 4 in. broad ; lateral veins 9 to 13 on each side of the
midrib, slender, spreading at a wide angle, pale beneath ; petioles
^ to I in. long ; stipules broadly ovate, pointed or acute, bidendate
at the tip, ^ to ^ in. long, puberulous at the back, deciduous ;
flowers pentamerous, about ? in. long, on very short puberulous
pedicels or subsessile several together, arranged in branched com-
pound sub-umbelliferous terminal pedunculate minutely puberulous
cymes 2 to 3 in. in diameter ; common peduncle about i in. long ;
bracteoles small, subulate from a broad base, puberulous at the
back, deciduous ; calyx broadly campanulate, about yK- in. long,
green, puberulous outside ; the limb about as long as the ovary,
glabrous inside, 5-cleft ; the lobes broadly ovate, apiculate ;
corolla glabrous or nearly so, about ^V in. long when expanded,
campanulate, rather fleshy, whitish-yellow, 5-cleft half way down ;
the throat densely bearded ; the lobes oval, hooded-apiculate at
the apex, about as long as the tube, valvate in the bud, iuduph-
cately so at the apex, reflexed at the time of the open flower ;

32

498 LXix. RUBiACE^. {Grimiihcc

stamens 5, glabrous ; anthers ellipsoidal-oblong, shortly exserted ;
filaments inserted about the corolla-throat, shorter ■ than the
anthers and attached to them near their base at the back ; disk
fleshy, elevated, glabrous ; ovary 2-celled, fleshy : cells 1-ovuled ;
ovules broadly ovoid, erect ; style glabrous, ^^ in. long, exserted,
a little curved, compressed, sub-linear, slightly widened upwards
to the bifid stigma at the apex ; the lobes diverging, short, ovate ;
fruit baccate, pea-shaped, brilliantly scarlet, juicy-pulpy, |^ to ^ in.
in diameter, glabious, 1- or 2-.seeded ; seeds about ^ in. in diameter ;
testa somewhat intruded into the albumen.

GoLUNGO Alto. — On the left bank of the river Cuango near Caca-
rambola ; fl. beginning of Dec 1855. No. 3209. In shady forests and
on their outskirts in Sobato de Mussengue, near Menha Lula ; fl.
beginning of August 1855 ; by the river Delamboa, ripe seeds Nov.
1855. No. 3210- A small tree ; Delamboa. Branches sub-terete ;
panicle 1 to 2 in. in diameter, terminal, ebracteolate ; fr. j in. in
diameter. Perhaps a distinct species. No. 3202.

Nearly related to G. venosa Hiern and G. micrantha Hiern.

41. GEOPHILA D. Don ; Benth. &Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 127.

1. G. reniformis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal, p. 136 (1825) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 220.

PuNGO Andongo. — No notes. Without either fl. or fr. Doubtfully
referred to this species. No. 3212.

2. G. unifiora Hiern, I.e., p. 221.

Cazeng(^. — A perennial creeping stoloniferous herb; leaves rounded
at the apex, not acuminate ; corolla white, rather fleshy, 5-cleft^
readily deciduous ; the tube cylindrical, | in. long ; the lobes puberu-
lous outside, ^ in. long. In very shady damp rocky places, by the
cataracts of the river of Muxuula among the Muxaula mountains, very
rarely flowering ; only one fl. Dec. 1854. Either this or a closely
allied species ; the leaves -% to 1 in. in diameter are rather smaller than
in the type. No. 3211.

3. G. Afzelii Hiern, I.e.

Prince's Island. — Pico do Papagaio, in the mountainous region :
without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1853. Apparently this species. No. 3213-

42. OURAGOGA L. Hort. Cliff, p. 486 (1737), and in Diss, de
Viola Ipecacuanha, p. 5 (16 Dec. 1774).

Uragoga L. Gen. PI. edit. 1, p. 378 (1737). Cephaelis Swartz
(1788) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 127.

1. 0. peduncularis K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 4. p. 120 (1891) {Uragoga).

Cephaelis 2}eduncularis Salisb. Parad. Londin. n. 99 (1808) ;
Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 223.

PuNGO Andongo. — An erect, much-branched shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high,
with glossy deep-green leaves. In sandy thickets by the river Cuanza,
near Caudumba ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 3196. In shrubby places at the
outskirts of forests near Candumba ; fr. March 1857. No. 3197.

Our specimens belong to a form of this variable species with smaller,
narrower, and more acuminate foliage than in the typical form.

Otiophoi'aj LXix. rubiace^. 499

43. OTIOPHORA Zuccar. ; Benth. cV Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 137.
1. 0. scabra Zuccar. in Abh. Akad. Muench. i. p. 316 (1832).
HuiLLA. — An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stems and branches

numerous, erect or ascending, sub-cylindrical below, sub-compressed
above ; branches and leaves hairy, opposite, the latter at the same time
with other leaves fasciculate in their axils, lanceolate, deep-green above,
turning paHid beneath, with raised venation ; stipules connecting the
petioles, 4- to 6-setose ; flowers cymulose-paniculate or corymbose,
white, scarcely bracteolate ; calyx-tube adhering to the ovary, the
limb 5-cleft, the segments very unequal, one much larger than the rest
and foliaceous, erect, persistent ; corolla salver-shaped, milk-white ; the
tube straight, but little dilated towards the throat, hairy inside ; the
limb-segments 5, ovate, spreading in a stellate manner ; the throat
very densely bearded with white hairs ; stamens 5, inserted below the
corolla-throat, included ; anthers straight, linear, concealed amongst
the hairs of the beard of the corolla-throat ; ovary inferior, sub-
compressed, 2-celled, crowned with a thin disk ; ovules solitary in the
cells, rather fleshy ; style filiform, exserted ; stigma bilobed ; the lobes
spreading horizontally, oblong, turning fuscous ; capsule turbinate,
somewhat compressed, topped by the calyx-teeth, 2-celled, bluntl"
beaked in the centre of the apex. In the drier thickets near Lopollo
and around the lake of Ivantala in wooded situations in the direction
of Quilengues, abundant ; fl. and young fr. March 1860. No. 5329.
A herb, suffrutescent at the base, scarcely 2 ft. high, branched from
the base, stems angular, pilose, atro-purpureous, patently branched ;
flowers azure-blue, sessile, arranged in terminal spikes ; calyx investing
the ovary ; the limb 5-cleft, 4 of them very small, ciliolate-glandular,
the fifth much larger, foliaceous ; corolla-tube long, slender ; the limb-
segments 5, valvate in the bud, reflexed in the open flower ; stamens 5,
exserted, on long filaments ; style filiform, deeply bifid or rather divided
into 2 elongated linear-clavate stigmas. In sandy thickets about
Lopollo and Humpata ; fl. Dec. 185'J ; fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5330. At
Ferrao da Sola ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 5331- At
Humpata ; fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 5336.

The flowers are dimorphic ; our specimens are not quite so pubescent
or scabrid on the branchlets as in the type, and they are sometimes
bifariously hairy on the branches.

44. ANTHOSPERMUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 140.

1. A. pachyrrhizum Hiern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 229.
A. hirsidum A. Kick. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 34G (1847), non DO. ;

Engl. Hochgebii-gsfl. p. 401 (1892).

HuiLLA. — A herb ; root thick, succulent, whitish, rather fleshy, 4 to
7 in. long ; leaves rigid, patent ; flowers pentamerous, rarely hexa-
merous, axillary, clustered ; corolla campanulate, whitish-yellow ; the
lobes of the limb ovate, acuminate. On plains and in neglected fields,
near Lopollo, abundant ; female fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1869. No. 5338.
At Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 'l859. No. 5337-

Engler, loc. cit., retains A. Richard's name of this species, and thereby
implicitly rejects that of De Candolle ; the latter name, however,
properly stands for the plant so named and characterized by Cruse,
Rub. Cap. p. 8 (1825).

2. A. ternatum Hiern, sp. n.

An erect trutico.se herb, 1 4 ft. high or more ; branches often

600 LXix. RUBiACE^. [Authosjiermum

ternate, I'athei' slender, usually virgate, somewhat woody sub-
terete and sub-glabrate below, puberulous with very short dense
thick whitish hairs on a reddish bark above ; middle internodes
about equalling the spreading leaves ; upper internodes gradually
shorter and not as long as the leaves : leaves verticillate 3 together
or opposite, with very abbreviated leafy branchlets in the axils
giving the leaves a fasciculate appearance, spathulate-linear or
very narrowly so in consequence of the margins being broadly
revolute towards the midrib, apiculate at the apex, narrowed
gradually towards the sessile or sub-sessile base, glabrous or veiy
nearly so, rigid, spreading, 1 -nerved, ^ to 1^ in. long; stipules
adnate to and viniting in a short sheath the leaf-bases or short
petioles, truncate and uni-cuspidate or lanceolate-linear from a
broad sub-truncate base, minutely puberulous outside, sub-
persistent ; flowers apparently unisexual ; female flowers tetra-
merous, sessile or sub-sessile; calyx-limb very small, with incon-
spicuous teeth ; corolla salver-shaped, very small, sub-persistent ;
the tube slender, glabrous, about ^ in. long ; the lobes scattered
with a few hairs at the back, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, valvate
in the bud, induplicately so at the apex, longer than the tube,
reflexed in open flower ; stamens 4, exserted, glabrous ; anthers
rather small, effete ; filaments filiform, inserted about the mouth
of the corolla-tube ; style puberulous, shortly exsei-ted, 2-lobed at
the apex, filiform ; fruit dicoccous, dry, puberulous, ■— in. long.
Male flowers unknown.

HuiLLA. — In thin forests near Eme ; female fl. and young fr. end of
March and beginning of April 18G0. No. 5339- In the Panda forests
about Eme ; female fl. and ripe fr. end of April 1860. No. 5340.

3. A. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A robust sufi"ruticose herb ; stem erect, reddish, glabrate, closely
branched, 1 to 2 ft. high or more ; branches spreading at an angle
of about 45° with the stem, puberulous towards the extremities,
densely leafy ; leaves sub-linear or sub-spathulate, apiculate at the
apex, narrowed gradually to the sub-sessile base, uni-nerved at
the base, glabrous or very nearly so, minutely or obsoletely scaly
especially beneath, rigid, opposite, with abbreviated leafy branch-
lets in the axils giving the leaves a fasciculate appearance, ^ to
1\ in. long , margins revolute ; stipules truncate, 3- to 5-cuspidate,
joining the very short petioles or leaf -bases ; flowers sub-sessile,
tetramerous, whitish, small ; calyx-limb green, quadripartite ; the
segments lanceolate or subulate, shorter than the corolla-tube in
the male flowers, glabrous ; corolla of the male flowers f unnel-
sbaped ; the lobes lanceolate, twice as long as the tube, valvate in
the bud, spreading in full flower ; stamens 4, glabrous ; anthers
ellipsoidal-oblong ; cells 2, separated at the base for some distance
up to the point of attachment of the filament at the back;
filaments slender, filamentous, inserted about the middle of the
corolla-tube ; style elongated, slender, puberulous, bifid at tho .ipex.

HuiLLA. — In wooded thickets of the Panda forests, near Eme ; male
fl. April 1860. No. 5335.

JJiodia] LXIX. RUBIACE.E. 501

45. DIODIA Gronov., L. ; Benth. ct Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 143.

1. D. maritima Thonn. ex Schum. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. iii.
p. 95 (1828) ; lliern in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 231.

LoANDA. — Rather fleshy throughout, glaucous-green, creeping a loug
distance half buried in the sand of the sea-shore, throwing out slender
fibres from each node of the prostrate or creeping stem, growing quite
after the fashion of Aynv(ri(( pc/jloidex h. ; leaves beset with hyaline
papilltc ; flowers white : corolla segments narrowly ovate, rather obtuse
and fleshy ; the tube clothed near the l)ottom with rather long hairs ;
stamens falling short of the style ; filaments filiform, not subulate ;
stigma peltate-capitate, somewhat sulcatc-bilobed, white ; fruit almost
ventricose-cylindrical. In sandy maritime places between Penedo
and Concei^-ao, rather rare ; half -ripe fr. and few fl., 25 May 1858.
No. 3217.

Bakka 1)E Dandk. — A prostrate suffrutescent herb ; leaves rough,
rather rigid, bright-green in the living state. At Praia between the
mouths of the rivers Dande and Bengo, sparingly and nearly always in
company with Iponnui biloha Forsk. ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 3216-

Bengijella. — Stems 6 to 8 ft. long, quadrangular, winged, purplish.
In sandy maritime places near the city ; fr. June 1859. No. 3218.

2. D. scandens Swartz, Prodr. Ind. Occ. p. 30 (1788).

D. breviseia Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 424 (1849); Hiern, I.e.

GoLUNGo Alto. — A suffruticose herb ; stem branched from the
base ; branches long, sarmentose, climbing ; leaves rigid, scarcely
coriaceous ; stipules with setaceous teeth. In forests among the
mountains of Queta by the river Delamboa, very rare ; fr. end* of May
and in June 1856. No. 3215.

PuN(;u Andongo. — At Catete ; a young plant in very young fl.-bud
Dec. 1856. Very doubtfully referred here. No. 3251.

3. D. flavescens Hiern, sp. n.

A scabrid- pubescent perennial herb ; rootstock fle.shy, woody,
thick, 3 to 5 in. deep, 1 to 1| in. in diameter, forming several
heads ; stems erect or ascending, simple or slightly branched near
the base, 8 to 16 in. high,sub-glabrate or puberulous and scarcely
angular below, scabrid-hirsute, lined and furrowed above, leafy
with very short internodes towards the apex ; internodes about
equalling the leaves near the middle of the stems ; leaves oval-
oblong, apiculate at the .scarcely acute apex, a little narrowed at
the sessile or sub-sessile base, hei-baceous, deep-green and roughly
scabrid above, yellowish -green and hispidulous-scabrid beneath,
fj to 1 J- in. long by i to § in. broad ; margin rough, narrowly
revohite ; lateral veins about 3 on each side of the midrib, slender,
making a small angle with the midrib, depressed on the upperside
of the leaves; stipules adnate to the leaf-bases or short petioles,
giving ofi' several reddish seise from a short truncate base, hairy
outside, glabrous and shining in.side ; flowers axillary, pale-
yellowish, } in. long exclusive of the exserted stamens and style,
sessile or sub-sessile, a few or several together in small axillary
bracteolate clusters ; bracteoles lanceolate-subulate, shorter than
the calyx, ciliolate ; calyx J in. long, squamulose-puberulous ; tlie

502 Lxix. KUBIACE.E. [Biodico

limb 4-partite ; the segments ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, somewhat
puberulovis, J^ i^- ^^ng, nearly equal among themselves, more or
less persistent, green ; corolla funnel-shaped, ^o ^^' ^^^S ! ^^^
tube nearly glabrous ; the lobes of the limb 4, somewhat puberu-
lous inside, hairy near the tip outside, ovate, valvate in the bud,
induplicate-hooded at the extreme tip, spreading or reflexed in
open ilower, ^^ in, long ; the throat glabrous ; stamens 4,
exserted, J^ in. long, sub-erect, straight ; filaments about as long
as the anthers, minutely puberulous : anthers linear-oblong ; style
exserted, rather exceeding the anthers, minutely puberulous;
stigma papillose, sub-capitate ; fruit dry, apparently indehiscent,
puberulous, about ^ in. long, besides the more or less per-
sistent calyx-limb, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded; seeds fuscous, ^2 ^^•
long.

HuiLLA. — In exposed thickets near Lopollo, occasional ; fi. and fr.
middle of Dec. 1859. No. 5318. At Empalanca ; fl. and fr. Feb.
1860. Foliage rather small. Probably a form of this species.
No. 3214.

4. D. benguellensis Hiern, sp. n.

A rough scabrous-hispid apparently annual herb, 4 to 8 in.
high, erect, divaricately branched, pallid, somewhat woody at the
base ; root vertical, somewhat woody ; stem branched from the
base; branches sub-terete, marked with 4 raised lines, hispid-
scabrous ; leaves narrowly elliptical or linear-oblong, narrowed
and apiculate at the apex, somewhat narrowed to the sessile base,
rigid, hispid-scabrous, pale-green on both faces, still paler beneath,
erect-patent, ^ to 1^ in, long by i to f in. broad ; margins
revolute, often widely so ; lateral veins about 3 on each side of
the midrib, not conspicuous, making a small angle with the
midrib ; stipules truncate, hairy at the back, glabrous inside,
about 5-setose at the apex, adnate to the leaf-bases and so
sheathing ; the seise palhd, longer than the sheath ; flowers
tetramerous, | in. long, sessile, bracteolate, numerous, in sessile
axillary and terminal heads g to | in. in diameter ; bracteoles
unequal, some equalling others shorter than the flowers ; calyx
i in. long, the limb 4-partite, hairy outside, glabrous inside ; the
segments linear-lanceolate, ciliate ; corolla glabrous, funnel-
shaped ; the tube about -Jjy in. long, straight ; the lobes about
■Jjj^ in. long, ovate, obtuse, valvate in the bud, ^vith a filiform tail
or tails at or near the apex ; stamens 4, glabrous ; filaments
filiform, short, inserted about the top of the corolla-tube between
the lobes of the limb ; style about equalling the stamens, glabrous,
filiform ; stigma sub-capitate, sub-bilobed ; fruit hispid outside
on the upper part, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb,
apparently indehiscent, 2-seeded ; seeds § in. long, deeply
furrowed inside.

Bumbo. — In fields after a crop of Arachis hypogc^a ; fl. and fr. Oct.
1859. No. 3223.

HuiLLA. — At Lopollo in Senhor Kneismann's kitchen garden ; only
one specimen, fl. end of March 1860. No. 3224.

Tardavel] LXix. uubiace.k. 503

46. TARDA VEL Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 145 (1763).

Borreria G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 79, t. 1 (1818);
K. Schum. in Engl, (t Praritl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., iv. 4, p. 143(1891).
Spermacoce L. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 145, p.p.; non L.

1. T. stricta.

Spermacoce stncta L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 120 (1781); Hiern in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. p. 236 ; non L. Herb. Bmi'eria stricta,
DC. Prodr. iv. p. 561, non p. 541 ; K. Hchum., I.e. ; non Mey.

PuNGO Andgncu). — An erect herb, with purple stem and violet-
coloured flowers. In moist pastures amongst dense herbage, near
Muta Lucala, on the right bank of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 3244. An annual, erect, branched herb ; stem and
branches bright-purple ; flowers white, turning bluish ; corolla tetra-
merous, with the limb obtusely lobed. In moist grassy places by
the river Cuanza, very abundant ; fl. and fr. 1 May 1857. No. 3245.
An erect, annual, patently branched herb, with small yellowish flowers.
In sandy wooded places between Bumba and Condo ; fl. and fr.
15 March 1857. A small form. No. 3233. In damp wooded places
near Lombe ; fr. March 1857. No. 3219. An erect, branched, annual
herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with whitish-violet-coloured fugacious flowers.
In herbaceous nearly dried up parts of the lake near Quibande ;
fr. March 1857. No. 3220.

All these Nos. are doubtfully referred to this species, the type of
which I have not seen. The two first Nos. are clothed with horny
hairs on the upper part, and the last two have their stems smooth and
their leaves also glabrous.

2. T. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect or diffuse, much branched, hispid herb, 4 to 12
in. high ; stems tetragonal, branched from the base ; branches
sub-erect or ascending, reddish below, green and hirsute-hispid or
scabrid with whitish hairs above ; leaves narrowly lanceolate or
sub-linear, gradually somewhat narrowed towards both ends, obtuse
and apiculate at the apex, sessile and adnate to the stipules at
the base, more or less spreading, rigid, pale-green on both faces,
scabrid with short stiflf whitish hairs above or glabrous, scabrid
more densely beneath or the hairiness limited to the midrib ;
margins whitish, more or less revolute towards the midrib ; lateral
veins few, slender, inconspicuous or obsolete ; stipules adnate to
the leaf-bases and so sheathing, hirsute-hispid at the back or
obsoletely so, glabrous and shining inside, truncate, short, with
several glabrous subulate or filiform sometimes reddish seta^ at the
apex ; flowers Avhite or slightly purplish, axillary, sessile, \ to | in,
long, crowded many together in axillary and terminal sessile
subglobose bracteolate heads | to ^ in. long ; bracteoles snb-
acicular, about equalling the calyx or shorter ; calyx about \ in.
long, green ; the limb \ in. long, somewhat hairy outside, glabrous
inside, ciliolate, 4-partite ; the segments lanceolate-linear, sub-
equal, acute ; corolla sub-salvershaped, milk-white or slightly
purplish, glabrous except the ciliolate tips of the lobes, | to g in.
long ; the tube | to } in. long ; lobes 4, ovate, ciliolate about the
apex, valvate in the bud ; stamens 4, glabrous ; anthers exserted,

504 LXix. RUBiACE^. \Tardavel

oblong, rather shorter than the filaments ; filaments inserted
between the corolla-lobes ; style exserted, about equalling the
stamens, puberulous near the apex] stigma hemispherical-capitate,
ciliolate ; ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary, attached at the middle ;
disk rather fleshy, glabrous, a little elevated, annular.

HuiLLA.^In neglected fields near Lopollo, not yet seen in secondary
thickets ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 3238. In moist pastures near Lopollo ;
fl. 10 Jan. I860. No. 3239- In bushy places after clearing for
cultivation and afterwards neglected, near Humpata ; fl. beginning of
April 1860. No. 3230.

3. T. ocymoides.

Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 34, t. 13, fig. 1 (1768).
S. raviisparsa Pohl ex DC, I.e., p. 560; Hiern, I.e., p. 238.

SiEKRA Leoxe. — Fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3248. On herbaceous
declivities amongst low bushes, above Freetown, very abundant ; fl.
and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3249.

4. T. seabra.

Diodia scahra Schum. & Thonn. in Dansk. Yidensk. Selskr. iii.
p. 96 (1828). Spermacoee Ruellice DC. Prodr. iv. p. 554 (1830) ;
Hiern, I.e., p. 238. £orreria seabra K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr.
C. p. 394 (1895).

Sierra Leone. — In hilly, ferruginous-muddy places, among low
herbs, above Freetown ; fl. Sept. 1853. A small plant with rather
narrower corolla than usual. No. 3240.

GoLUNGO Alto. — In bushy pastures flooded in summer, near
Camilungo, rather scarce ; fl. and fr. April 1855. No. 3234- A weak,
erect or ascending, annual herb, with white flowers, elongated style,
capitate stigma, and 2-celled, 2-valved capsule. In rather poor
wooded meadows, near Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. and fr. May
1855. The flowers occasionally were almost bilabiaiely divided.
No. 3235- A herb, 1 to Ij ft. high, scattered throughout with white
hairs ; stem erect, turning purple ; flowers white, very fugaceous ;
calyx investing the ovary, the limb 4-cleft with two opposite lobes
almost double the other two in length and breadth. On elevated,
sparingly gras.sy slopes among the mountains of Quilombo-Quiacatubia ;
fl. middle of April 1855. No. 3241.

Ambai A. — An annual, divaricately branched herb, with purple,
shaggy stem and branches, and white flowers. Among plantations of
Man/hot iifilis^^/m.a, between Halo and Zamba : fl. and fr. Oct. 1856.
No. 3237.

5. T. arvensis Hiern sp. n.

An erect, scabrid, hispid -hirsute, annual herb, 4 to 8 in. high,
simple or loosely branched ; hairs whitish, more or less spreading,
thicker towards the base, often arising from a minutely tubercular
or scaly base ; internodes equalling or shorter than the leaves ;
leaves narrowly linear-elliptical, narrowed gradually at both
ends, acute and apiculate at the apex, sessile, scabrid, hairy on
both faces, slightly yellowish-green above, grey-green beneath,
1 to 1| in. long by § to i in. broad, sessile; margin rough,
revolute, uni-nerved ; stipules shortly adnate to the bases of the
leaves, hairy outside, glabrous and shining inside, truncate, with

Tardavel^ r.xix. luiBiACEiE. 505

several longer setse ; flowers \ in. long, numerous, sessile, crowded
in terminal subterminal and axillary dense bracteolate clusters ;
bracteoles narrowly linear, acute, ciliate, falling short of the
calyx-limb ; calyx ^- to 1 in. long, somewhat compressed ; the
tube ciliate when young; the limb g in. long, 2-lobed ; the
segments opposite, pubescent on the back, ciliate, equal Irnear-
lanceolate ; corolla-tube very slender, | in. long, cylindrical,
glabrous ; the lobes 4, hairy outside, ciliate near the apex, ovate,
Jjy in. long, valvate in the bud ; the throat glabi-ous ; stamens 4,
glabrous, nearly as long as the corolla-lobes, exserted ; filaments
longer than the oblong anthers ; style glabrous, filiform, reaching
the anthers ; stigma small, capitate, papillose, obscurely bilobed ;
fruit g in. long besides the two persistent calyx-lobes, dicoccous ;
the cocci dehiscing from the apex.

PuNGo Andongo. — In neglected fields of Phuseolus, near Muta
Lucala and Quisonde, abundant ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 3236-

HuiLLA. — No notes. Fl. Simple, or nearly so, 2 to G in. high
flowers rather smaller. Probably a form of this species. No. 3227.

This species differs from T. scahin by its longer slender corolla-tube

6. T. aprica Hiern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending, sub-scabrid, annual herb, 4 to 12 in. high
simple or branched from the base ; stem and alternate branches
slender, often purplish, scabrid with whitish short hairs above
upper branches few or lax ; middle internodes mostly longer
than the leaves, the lower and uppermost ones shorter ; leave
opposite, linear or nearly so, acute or pointed and apiculate at the
apex, slightly or scarcely narrowed, or in the case of the upper
most ones at the base of the inflorescence dilated at the base
sessile, glabrate or scattered with short stiff whitish hairs, rather
rough, pale grey-green above, yellowish or purplish green
beneath, sub-erect except the uppermost ones at the base of the
inflorescence, ;| to 1| in. long, uni-nerved ; the margins cartilagi-
nous, thickened, a little rough ; stipules adnate to the bases of
the leaves, sheathing, terminating in a few or several more or
less prolonged setae, glabrous and shining inside ; flowers about |
in. long, very numerous, slender, sessile or subsessile, in hemi-
spherical bracteolate terminal heads of g in. in diameter with the
one or two uppermost paiis of spreading leaves and their stipules
forming a kind of involucre ; bracteoles flliform, not exceeding
the calyx ; calyx nai-row, compressed, ^\ in. long ; the tube
small, glabrous except some scattered minute scales ; the limb
bipartite ; the segments green, opposite, equal, i in. long,
narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliate; corolla white-violet-
coloured, salver-shaped ; the tube slender, y\ in. long, glabrous ;
the throat glabrous ; the lobes 4, lanceolate, glabrous except a
few setae outside near the tip, y',5 in. long, valvate in the bud,
spreading in the open flower ; stamens 4, exserted ; filaments
minutely puberulous, inserted at the top of the tube of the
corolla between its lobes, longer than the narrowly oblong anthers ;
disk fleshy, cushion-shaped, glabrous ; style flliform, minutely

506 Lxix. RUBiACEiE. \Tardavel

puberulous, exserted ; stigma sub-capitate ; ovary 2 -celled ; ovules
solitary.

HuiLLA. — In exposed sandy places in the more open forests, near
the lake of Ivantala; fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 3228. Differs from T.
arvensis by its shorter flowers, cartilaginous and thickened leaf-margin.

7. T. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect annual herb, 5 to 20 in. high, simple or dichotomous
with sub-erect or ascending branches; stem and branches sub-terete,
purplish below, leafy and hirsute with spreading whitish hairs or
sub-glabrous above ; leaves narrowly linear acute and apiculate at
the apex, somewhat narrowed gradually towards the base, sessile,
scabrid, rigid, green above, pallid beneath, uni-nerved, 1| to 3 in.
long, erect-patent on the uppermost ones spreading ; margin rather
thickened, cartilaginous, whitish or scabrid ; stipules adnate to
the bases of the leaves and so sheathing, hairy outside, glabrous
inside, terminating at the truncate apex with several filiform
elongated setse ; flowers ^ in. long, sessile, crowded in sessile
terminal and subterminal hemispherical or ovoid bracteolate
heads ; bracteoles lanceolate- subulate, falling short of the calyx-
limb ; heads based by approximated pairs of leaves and their
sheathing stipules, and thus involucrate ; calyx | in. long ; the
tube short, puberulous ; the limb bipartite ; the segments equal,
lanceolate-subulate, puberulous outside, glabrous inside, ciliate ;
corolla not exceeding the calyx-limb, fvmnel-shaped ; the tube
glabrous ; throat naked ; the lobes 4, lanceolate, nearly glabrous,
about half as long as the tube, valvate in the bud, incurved,
apiculate at the apex ; stamens 4, glabrous, exserted ; style
minutely puberulous, exserted ; stigma sub-capitate.

PuNGO Andongo. — In meadows with short herbage on the right
bank of the river Cuanza near Sansamanda ; fl. and young fr. April
1857. No. 3242. In sandy pastures with scanty herbage by the road-
side from the prsesidium towards Cambumbe; sparingly in fl. April 1867.
No. 3243.

Nearly allied to T. radiata {Borreria radiata DC), it differs by
smaller flower-heads, only 2 calyx-lobes, etc.

8. T. lancea Hiern, sp. n.

A hirsute-scabrid, dichotomous, erect, annual herb, 3 to 9 in.
high ; stem and branches rather slender, often reddish, more or
less scattered with rather long whitish spreading rigid hairs ;
middle internodes about equalling the leaves, the upper ones
shorter ; leaves opposite, lance-shaped, sessile, grey-green,
scattered with hispid whitish hairs above, uni-nei-ved, | to | in.
long by ^ to I in. broad ; the midrib depressed on the upper face
of the leaves, raised and scattered with hispid whitish hairs
on the lower face ; margins cartilaginous, whitish, thickened ;
stipules adnate to the bases of the leaves, truncate, terminating
with elongated filiform setse, the uppermost ones basing the
inflorescence larger, hispid outside, glabrous and shining inside ;
flowers 5 in. long, sessile, crowded in small ovoid bracteolate
terminal and subterminal sessile heads, tetramerous; bracteoles

2'ardavel] LXix. rubiace.*:. 507

filiform, exceeding the calyx ; the heads involucrate with the
uppermost leaves and their sheathing stipules; calyx g in. long;
the tube glabrous over the most part, small ; the limb 4-partite ;
the segments subulate,' j\ in. long, ciliate, .subequal, corolla
whitish-violet-coloured, funnel-shaped-cylindrical, glabrous except
.some setae outside the lobes about their tips ; the tube j in. long ;
the throat naked ; the lobes 4, ovate, ,'._, in. long, valvate in the
bud, spreading in open flower ; .stamens 4, exserted ; filaments
minutfly puberulous, longer than the anthers ; style exserted,
minutely puberulous ; stigma subcapitate.

PuNGO Andongo. — In moist pastures with rather short herbage,
near Quibinda, abundant ; fl. and young fr. March 1857. No. 3225.
Muta Lucala ; fl. March 1857. No. 3226.

9. T. dibracMata.

Spermacoce dibrachiata Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 87, t.
52 (1873) ; Hiern, I.e., p. 239. Bon'eria dibrachiata K. Schum.
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 4. p. 144. Pentas
involucrata Baker in Kew Bull. 1895, p. 66.

PuNGo Andongo. — An annual, strictly erect herb, with whitish-
purplish or sometimes rosy flowers. In moist wooded meadows between
Muta Lucala and Quibinda, in company with species of Sderia,
abundant ; fl. March 1857. No. 3231.

10. T. thymoidea Hiern, sp. n.

A somewhat scabrid grey perennial herb with the habit of
Thymus, 3 to 6 in. high, much branched near the suffruticose base
or underground ; rootstock shrubby ; stems numerous, csespitose,
erect or ascending, simple above or nearly so, more or less hispid-
pubescent with whitish, shaggy or scaly hau-s ; leaves opposite,
decussate, linear or nearly so, pointed at the apex, sessile,
minutely scabrid on both faces, grey or yellowish green, | to 1 in.
long, uni-nerved, sub-erect except those close to the flower-heads ;
margins white, cartilaginous, thickened ; stipule adnate to the
bases of the leaves and so .sheathing, from the truncate or broad
top of the sheath terminating in 1 to 3 bristles or subulate
teeth ; flowers nearly | in. long including the exserted style,
sessile, numerous, crowded in sessile terminal heads ; bracts
foliaceous, forming with the uppermost pairs of leaves a shallow-
involucre to the heads of flowers and a spreading stellate base to
the heads of fruits ; calyx \ in. long ; the tube narrower than the
limb, compressed, obovate, glabrous for the most pai-t ; limb
bipartite ; the segments opposite, green, equal, linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, about g in. long ; corolla salver-shaped, violet-purple, | in.
long before expansion, nearly glabrous ; lobes ovate, obtuse,
valvate in the bud, spreading in the open flower ; stamens 4,
glabrous ; anthers linear-oblong ; filaments rather longer than
the anthers, inserted at the throat of the corolla between the
lobes ; style minutely papillose, filiform, shortly exserted ; stigma
sub-capitate ; ovary 2-celled ; ovules oblong, solitary, attached
about the middle ; capsule obovoid, somewhat compressed, y in.

508 LXix. RUBiACE.^^. \_Tardavd

long, crowned with one or both of the somewhat accrescent calyx-
lobes, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; seeds semi-ellipsoidal, furrowed on the
inner face.

HuiLLA. — In pastures amongst low bushes near LopoUo ; fl. Jan.
1860. In dry pastures amongst low bushes near Humpata, at the
confluence ; fr. April 1860. No. 5334.

This species differs from its allies by its perennial root.

11. T. verticillata.

Spermacoce verticillata L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 102 (1753) maxima
parte. S. globosa Schum. &Thonn. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 93
(1828); Hiern, ?.c.,p. 240; Borreria Kohautiana Cham. & Schlecht.
in Linnaja iii. p. 311 (1828) ; Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins.
p. 210 (1852).

Cape ue Verde Islands. — St. Jago. fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 3247-
Sierra Leone.— Fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 3246.

47. GALIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 149.

1. G. productum Lowe in Trans. Oamb. Phil. Soc. iv. p. 29
(1833), and Man. Fl Madeira i. p. 391 (1868).

Island of Madeira. — At the borders of neglected fields between
Funchal and Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. August 1853. No. 3250.

INDEX OF GENEKA.

Acanthosicyos, 392.
Adenia, 383.
Adenopus, 389.
Adina. 434.
Aizoon, 410.
Alvardia, 428, 431.
Amaralia, 4(56.
Ammannia, 373.
Ammamiia, 371, 374.
Amphiblemma, 368.
Ancylanthos, 484.
Antherotoma, 363.
Anthospermum, 499.
Apium, 425.
Aphini, 425.
Atheranthera, 405.

Basananthe, 382.
Begonia, 406.
Belvisia, 362.
Bertiera, 456.
Borrei-ia, 503.
Bryonia, 402, 403.
BiieeruK, 338.
Bvcida, 338.

Caconcia, 354.
Cactus, 407.
Calyptranthes, 359.
Campylochiton, 353.
Campylosryne, 354.
Canthium, 472.
Canthiuvi, 370.
Carica, 386.
Carum, 425.
Caucalis, 432.
Cephaelis, 498.
Cephalandra, 400.
Chalazocarpus, 464.
ChasaUa. 493, 494.
Chomelia. 457.
Citrullns, 397.
Cladoncyos, 399.
Coccinia, 400.
CofEea, 488.
Colocynthis. 397.
Combretum, 341.

Corallocarpus, 404.
Coriandrum, 431.
Corynanthe, 437.
Cratcrispermum, 485.
Cremaspova, 471.
Crossopteryx, 437.
Cucumeropsis, 399.
Cucumis, 395.
Cucurbita, 401.
Cussonia, 432.
Cuviera, 483.
Cuviera, 481.
Cyclanthei-a, 405.

Dactyliandra, 403.
Dcramcria. 461.
Dictyandra, 456.
Diodia, 501.
D'lodia, .504.
Biplochoniuvi. 413.
Diploclinium, 406.
Diploerater, 467.
Dissotis, 365.
Dissotls, 364.

Epilobium, 378.
Eryngium, 424.
Eugenia, 358.
Eureiandra, 391.

Fadogia, 480.
FcEniculiim, 427.
Franchetella. 424.

Galenia, 411,
Galium, 508.
Gardenia, 461.
Gardenia, 466.
Geopbila, 498.
Gerrardanthus, 405.
Gisekia, 419.
Gliims, 415.
Grumilea, 494.
Guiera, 340.
Gyrocarpvs, 356.

Halimum, 411.
Hariota, 407.
UrdyotiK. 440, 444.
Heiusia, 4.">5.
ndiKsciadium, 425.
irrteromorpha. 424.
Ifcfrri'siryo.i. 3.^7-9.
Ilcttrotiii. 365, 366. 368.
Ilomaliuni, 381.
Hydrocotyle. 423.
Hymenodictyon, 436.
Hypertclis, 418.

Illigera, 355.
Isnardia, 381.

Jamiwm, 361.
Joliffea, 387.
Jussijea, 378.
.Justenia, 451.

Kedrostis, 403.
Krannsia. 467.

Lagenaria, 391.
Laguncularia, 341.
Lefchuria, 430.
Lefebvrea, 430.
Limeum, 421.
Lvdwiffia, 381.
Luffa,'394.

Machadoa, 385.
Macrosphyra, 463.
Mamboga, 435.
Melastonia, 364-6, 368.
Melothria, 402.
Memecylon, 36s.
Mesembrvautbemum,

409.
Miltus. 420.
Mitragyna, 435.
Modecca, 383, 384.
MoUugo, 415.

510

INDEX.

Momordica, 393.
Morinda, 492.
Mukia, 402,
Mussfenda, 452.
Mvrstipbyllum, 493.

Napoleona, 362.
Napoleonsea, 362.
Nauclea, 434, 435.
Nesaea, 374.
Neurocarpsea, 438.

Oldenlandia, 440.
ovinia, 369.
Ophiocaulon, 385.
Orygia, 415.
Osbeckia, 363.
OshecUa, 366.
Otiophora, 499.
Otomeria, 440.
Ouragoga, 498.
Ourouparia, 435.
Oxyanthu.s, 465.

Pachy stigma, 480.
Papaya, 386.
Paropsia, 383.
Passiflora, 386.
Pavetta, 485.
Pentacarpaea, 439.
Pentanisia, 471.
Pentas, 438.
Pentodon, 440.

Peponia, 389.
Petersia, 362.
Peucedanum, 427.
Pharnaceum, 418.
Physedra, 399.
Physotrichia, 427.
Pilogyne, 402.
Pimpinella, 426.
Plectronia, 369.
Plectronia, 472.
Polysphseria, 471.
Portulacastrum, 411.
Pouchetia, 466.
Psammotropha, 419.
Psidium, 357.
Psyehotria, 493, 494.
Psychotrophum, 493.

Quisqualis, 355.

Eandia, 457.
Eaphanocarpus, 393.
Rhaphidiocystis, 400.
RMpsalis, 407.
Rliyncliocarpa, 403, 404.
Rotala, 371.
Rutidea, 491.

Sabicea, 454.
Sesuvium, 411-13.
Sherbournia, 466.
Sicyos, 405.

Sium, 425.
Spermacoce, 503.
Sphcerodendron, 432.
Steganotaenia, 427, 4!
Stephfgyne, 435.
Suffrenia, 372.
Syzygium, 359, 360.

Tardavel, 503,
Tareona, 457.
Telfairia, 387.
Terminalia, 338.
Tetragonia, 409.
Trianthema, 414.
Tricalysia, 467.
Tricliceraa, 381.
Tristemma, 364.
Tristemma, 365.
Trochomeria, 387.
Tryphostemma, 382

Uncaria, 435.
Uragoga, 498.
Uruparia, 435.

Vangueria, 480.

Webera, 457.
Wormskioldia. 381.

Zehneria, 399, 402.

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BRITISH MUSEUM.

The following {publications can be imrchased through the Agency of
Afessrs. Longmans & Co., 39, Fateriioster Roiv ; Mr. Quaritcu,
Ui, Piccadilly ; Messrs. Kkgan Paul, Tukncit, TiiiiiNKU &
Co., Paternoster House, Cliarim/ Cross Road; and Mc.s.srs.
DuLAU & Co., 37, Soho Square; or at the Natuual HisrouY
MuiSEiTM, Cromwell Road, London, S. IF.

Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds,
Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. By
John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an account of the
Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1H63, 12mo. 2s. 3d.
Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific
Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," 1S81-2. Pp.
x.w., 681. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo.

Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. R. W. Coppinger.

Mammalia - , - - „ O. Thomas.

Aves - - - - „ R. B. Sharpe.

Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces - „ A. Giinther.

Mollusca - - - „ E. A. Smith.

Eehinodermata - - ?> E. J. Bell.

Crustacea - - „ E. J. Miers.

Coleo])tera - - - „ C. O. Waterhouse.

Lepidoptera - - - „ A. G. Butler.

Alcyonaria and Spongiida - „ S. O. Ridley.

MAMMALS.

1/. 10.«

List of the Specimens of Mammalia in the Collection of llie
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. Pp, xxviii.,
216. [With Sy.steniatic List of the" Genera of Manmialia,
Index of Donations, and Alphabetical Index.] 1843, 12mo.
2*. 6d.

List of the Osteological Specimens in the (jollection ol' liie
British Museum. By .Tohn Edward Gray. Pp. xxv., 147.
[With Systematic Index and Appendix.] 1847, 12 mo. 2*.
o 920.i7. 3000.— .5/96. VV't. 2276. K. it S. A

2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296. 1862,
8vo. 5*.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 4*.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mam-
malia in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6s. 6d.

Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John
Edward Gray, F.E.S., &c. 2nd edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101
Woodcuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s.

Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.E.S., &c. Pp. vi.,

103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6rf.

List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department of
the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D.,
F.R.S, &c. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
Pp. iv., 36. 1885, 8vo.'l*. 6c?.

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia {Pecora, Linnaeus) in the
British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp.
viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. Qd.

Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Mouotremata in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401.
4 coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 8s.

BIRDS.

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : —

Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passenforme?, or Perching Birds
in the Collection of the British Musuera. Ciclilomorphcv :
Part III., containing the first portion of the family Timeliidse
(Babbling Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii.,
420. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates, [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1881, 8vo. \L
Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphce : Part IV., containing the concluding portion of
the family Timeliidje (Babbling Thrushes). By R.
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15
coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 1/. 6s.
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphce : Part V., containing the families Paridae and
Laniidio (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certlnomorph(e
(Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D.
Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. [With
Systemaiic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 17s.

JJUlTlSll MUSELM (NATUillL HISTOUV;. 3

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passer i formes, or Pcrchiug Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinnyrimorphce,
eojitainiug the families Nectariniidae and Meliphagichu
(Sun Birds and Honey-eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1884,
8vo. 14*.

Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passerifornies, or Perching Birds,
in the (JoUeetion of the British Museum. Fringillifonnes :
Part I,, containing the families DicEeidae, Ilirundinida',
Ampeliditi, Mniotiltidie, and Motacillidje. By R, Bowdhn-
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885,
8vo. 1/. 2a.

Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Percliiiig Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes :
Part II., containing the families Ccerebidoe, Tanagridag,
and Icteridie. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., P.R.S.
Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. 188G,
8vo. 1/.

Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilli-
fornies : Part HI., containing the family Fringillidne. My
\l. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and IG
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 1/. 85.

Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Percliino-
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturni-
forrnes, containing the families Artamidae, Sturnida^,
Ploceidaj, and Alaudidai. Also the families Atrichiidte
and Menuridai. I'iy 11. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701.
Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphal>etical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo., 1/. 8*-.

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perchino-
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Oligo-
myoda', or the families Tyranuid*, Oxyrhamphi(l;e,Piprida3
Cotingida?, Phytotomid*, Philepittidas, Pittidse, Xenicidai,
and Eurylsfemidae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A.,
F.K.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888
8vo. \l. 4a-.

Vol. XV, Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Trac/tco-
2)honce, or the families Dendrocolaptida;, Pormicariida',
Couopophagida3, and Pteroptochidie. By Philip Lutlev
Sclater, M.A., P.U.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20
coloured Plates. [AVith Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/.

A 2

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picarisein the Collection of the
British Museum. UpupcB and Trochili, by Osbert Salvid.
Coraci(e^ of the families Cypselidae, Caprimulgidae, Podar-
gidse, and Steatornithidse, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xvi.,
703. "Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 1/, 16.y.

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picaria; in the Collection of
the British Museum. Coraciee (contin.) and Haley ones,
with the families Leptosomatidae, Coraciidai, Meropidae,
Alcedinidae, Momotidae, Totidae, and Coliidao, by R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones, by W. R. Ogilvie
Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892,
8vo. 1/. 10*.

Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family
Picidai. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 1/. 6s.

Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges : contain-
ing the families Rhamphastidse, GalbuUdae, and Bucconidse,
by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indicatoridae, Capitonidge,
'Juculidse, and Musophagidae, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii.,
484 : 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. 5s.

Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvador!.
Pp. xvii., 658 : woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. 10*.

Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 676: 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. IZ. 10*.

Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocletes,
Gallince, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of
the British Museum. By W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi.,
585 : 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. ll. 6s.

Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicariaj (Rallidae and
Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypygidae,
Mesitidse, Rhinochetidae, Gruidae, Psophiidse, and Otididag)
in the Collection of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii, 353 : 9 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894. 8vo. 20s.

Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gavjge and Turbinares in the
Collection of the British Museum. Gavise (Terns, Gulls,
and Skuas), by Howard Saunders. Turbinares (Petrels
and Albatrosses), by O.sbert Salvin. Pp. xv., 475 : wood-
cuts and 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 1/. l.<f.

BRITISlf MUSKUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5

C.itiiloiruc of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XXVIT. Cataloii^ue of the Chenomorph:^ (Palaniedeoe,
Plioeuicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Ratita^ in the
Collection of the British Mus(Mim. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. XV., 636: 19 coloured Plates. [With systematic and
Alphabetical rndexcs.] 1895, 8vo. 1/. 12a'. "
List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George liobert Gray : —

Part III., Section I. Ramphastidae, Pp. 16. [With

Index.] 1855, 12mo. Qd.
Part III., Section II. Pi3ittacida?. Pp.110. [With Index.]

1859, 12mo. 2*.
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonida; and PicidjB.
. Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. Ia. 6d.
Part IV. Columbie. Pp.73. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo.

1*. M.
Part V. Galling. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1867, 12mo. 1*. 6d.
Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By George
Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1859, 8vo. 1*. 6d.

REPTILES.

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbaenians in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical Index.l

1844, 12mo. 1*.

Catalogue of Shielil Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum. Bv John Edward Gray, P.R.S., &c. : —
Appendix.' Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Einydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-
baenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3-y. 6d.

Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British
Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv.,
124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4*.

Catalogue of the Cholonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles
in the l^ritish JNIuseum (Natural History). New Edition. By
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. 73 Woodcuts and 6
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889,
8vo. 15*.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. xxviii.,
289. [With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.]

1845, 12mo. 36-. 6rf.

Catalogue of the Ijizards in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger ; —
Vol. I. Geckonidie, Eublepuarida?, Uroplatida^, Pygopodida%
Agamidae. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With "Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20.v.

6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Lizards in tbe British Museum — continued.

Vol. II. Iguanidas, Xenosauridje, Zonuridse, Anguidae,
Anniellidffi, Helodermatidas, Varanidae, Xantusiidae, Teiidae,
Amphisbjenid^. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20*.
Vol. III. Lacertidse, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidse, Anelytro-
pidae, Dibamidas, Chamaeleontidai. Pp. xii,, 575. 40
Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical
Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 1/. 6*.
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History).
By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. : —

Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidas,

Boidge, Ilysiida?, UropeltidsB, Xenopeltidae, and ColubridjE

aglyphai, part. Pp. xiii., 448: 26 Woodcuts and 28

Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]

1893, 8vo. ]/. 1*.

Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae aglyphai.

Pp. xi., 382: 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With

Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17*. 6c?.

Vol. III., containing the Colubrida? (Opisthoglyphse and

Proter(.glyphse), Amblycephalidas, and Viperidae. Pp. xiv.,

727: 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With Systematic

Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3 volumes.] 1896,

8vo. II. Qs.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British

Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281. [With

Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858,

12mo. 4s.

BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Bati'achia Salientia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160. 12
Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6*.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batrachia
Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second
Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii., 127. 9
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882,

8vo. 9*.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &c. :—

Vol. VII. Physostomi (Heterophygii, Cyprinidse, Gono-
riiynchidte, Hyodonticte, Osteoglossidae, Clupeidce, Chiro-
centridt-e, Alepocephalidte, Notopterida?, Halosaurida;).
Pp. XX., 512. Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alph.1-
betical Indexes.] 1868, 8vo, 8.9.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7

Catalogue of Fishes in the British I\.luscum — continued.

Vol. VIII. Physostomi (Gyninotida), Syinbninchi(la3, IVrunn-
nidas. Pegasida^), Lophobrauchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi,
Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii.
Pp. XXV., 549. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 8*. 6iL

Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Mussum. Second edition.

Vol, I. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the British

Museum. Vol. I, containing the Centrarchidae, Percidae, and

SerranidiE (part). By George Albert Boulenger, F.K.S. Pp.

xix., 39i. Woodcuts and 15 plates. [With Systematic and

Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo. 15.?.
List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British

Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray. Pp. x.,

160. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]

1851, 12mo. Zs.
Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Lauren(!c Theodore

Grouow, now in the British Museum. Pi>. vii., 196. [With a

Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. o.y. 6f/.
Catalogue of Lopliobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British

Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates.

[With an Alphabetic;il Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in (he British
Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.U.S.,
&c. Pp. xii., 2.30. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, Svo. 5.?.

List of the Shells of the Canaries in the Collection of the British
Museum, collected by MM. Webb and Berthelot. Described
and figured by Prof. Alcide D'Orbigny in the " Histoire
Naturelle des lies Canaries." Pp. 32. 1854, 12mo. Is.

List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the British Museum,
collected by M. lianton de la Sagra. Described by Prof. Alcide
d'Orbigny in the " Histoire de I'lle de Cuba." Pp. 48. 1854,
12mo. \s.

List of the Shells of South America in the Collection of the British
Museum. Collected and described by M. Alcide D'Orbigny in
the " Voyage dans I'Americiue Meridionale." Pp. 89. 1854,
l2iuo. 2s.

Catalogue of the Collection, of Mazatlau Shells in the British
Museum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip
P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, l2mo. Ss.

List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British
Museum, collected and described by MM. Kydoux aiul Soulcyct
in the " Voyage autour du Monde, execute pendant Ics anuecs
" 1836 et"l837, sur la Corvette ' La Bonitc,'" and in the
" Histoire naturelle des Mollusques Pteropodes " Par MM.
P. C. A. L. Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, l2mo 8r7.

8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Phaneropneumona, or Terrestrial Operculated
Mollusca, in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. L.
Pfeiffer. Pp. 324. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1852,
12mo. 5s.

Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells in the Collection
of the British Museum. Part T. Cyclophorid^. Pp. 69. [With
an Index.] 1850, l2mo. Is. 6d.

Catalogue of Pnlmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. Parti. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer.
. Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Auriculidte, Proserpinidae, and Truncatellidas in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer,
Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. 1*. 9d.
List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c.

Part I. Volutid*. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. 6d.
Part II. Olividai. Pp.41. 1865, 12mo. 1*.

Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection
of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : —

Part I. Veneridas, Cyprinidfe, Grlaucouomidge, and Pctri-

colada3. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3a-.
Part II. Petricoladas (concluded) ; Corbiculada^ P|».
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [Issued, as " Catalogue of
the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3.?.

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By Grcorge Busk, F.R.S.
Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875,
8vo. 5s.

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum.

Part I. Leucosiada?. By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S.,

&c. Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. Qd.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the

Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.R.S.,

.^,c. Po. iv.. 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]

1862. 8vc. ]/. 6*.

BRITISH MUSELFM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9

ARACHNIDA.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of IJurnia, based upon the
Collection made by Eugene W. Oatc^s and preserved in the
]?ritish INIuseura. By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406. [With
Systematic List and Alphiibetical Index.] 1 89.5, 8vo. lO*. (id.

MYRIOrODA.

Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the Bi'itish
Musum. By George Newport, F.R.S., P.E.8., &c. Part I.
Chilopoda. Pp. iv., 96. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1856, 12mo. Is. 9d.

INSECTS.

Coleopterous Insects.

Nomenclature of Coleoptei'ous Insects in the Collection of the
]3ritish Museum : —

Part IV. Clerida^. By Adam White. Pp. 68. [With

Index.] 1849, l2nio. Is. 8d.
Part V. Cucujida?, &c. By Frederick Smith. [Also issued

as " List of the Coleopterous Insects. Part I."] Pn, 25.

1851, 12mo. Grf.
Part VI. Passalid*. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23.

1 Plate [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. )id.
Part VII. Longicornia, 1. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174.

4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237.

6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3*. 6d.
Part IX. Cassididaj. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor of

Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index.]

1856, 12mo. 3s.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection
of the British Museum. Part I. Lycida'. By Charles Owen
AVaterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alpliabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16a".

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S.
Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and
an Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3*.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, ]\1.A,,
F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 618. [With Top.ograi)hical and Alphabetical
lndex(;s.] 1864, 8vo. lO*-. 6d.

Catalogue of Halticida; in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and
CEdipodes. Part J. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates
1860, 8vo. 7s.

10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of Hispid* ia the Collection of the British Museum.
By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9
Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6*.

Hymenopterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collectiou
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. : —

Part II. Chalcidites. Additional Species. Appendix.
Pp. iv., 99-237. 1848, 12mo. 2s.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —

Part I. Andrenidfe and Apidaj. Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853,

2s. 6d.
Part II. Apidaj. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6*.
Part III. Mutillidaj and Pompilidte. Pp. 20G. 6 Plates.

1855,6*.
Part IV. Sphegidae, Larridas, and Crabronida?. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856,
6*.
Part V. Vespida?. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857, 6s.
Part VI. Formicidffi. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1858, Gs.
Part VII. Durylidte and Thynnid*. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s.
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoiitera in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10*.
List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinida? and
Siricidae. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 18S2,
8vo. 1/. 18*.

Dipterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. 12mo. : —
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts,

and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 6*.
Part VII. Supplement III. Asilida;. Pp. ii., 507-775.
1855. 3.S-. 6d.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in
the Collection of the British Museum : —

Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82.
41-60 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1879,4to. 21. 10*.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11

lUustratious of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptcia Hoteroccra
— continued.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.
78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systercatic Index.]
1881, 4to. 21. \0s.
Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89.
101-120 Colouretl Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1886, 4to. 2/. 4*.
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124.
121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1889, 4to. 21.
Part Vni. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri
District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144.
139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Li«t.]
1891, 4to. 21.
Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. By
George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-17(5.
Coloured ]*lates. [With a General Systematic List of
Species collected in, or recorded from, Ccvlon.] 1S93,
4to. 21. 2s.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridse in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. vi., 211. 5 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 18G8, 8vo. 5a-. 6(/.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7.?. 6d.
Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycai^nidse in the British Museum. By
W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 Coloured Plates. 1862, 4to. 1/. \s.
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Papilionida^ By G. R. Gray, F.L.S.
Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index"!] 1850, 12mo. 2*.
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. : —

Part VI. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855,

3*. 6d.
Part X. Noctuidse. Pp. 253-491. 185G, 3s. 6d.

Part XII. Pp. 765-982. 1857, 3*. 6d.

Part XIII. Pp. 983-1236. 1857, 3s. 6d.

Part XIV. Pp. 1237-1519. 1858, 4s. 6d.

Part XV. Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha-

betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858, 4*. 6d.
PartXVL Deltoides. Pp.253. 1858, .3.v. Or/.
Pait XIX. Pyralides. Pp. 799-103G. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XVI. -XIX.] 1859, 3s. 6d.
Part XXI. Georaetrites. Pp. 277-498. I860, 3s.

Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3s. 6d.

Part XXTir. Pp. 756-1020. ISGl. 3s. 6r/.

12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects — continued.

Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1862, 'is. Qd.

Part XXV. . Pp. 1281-1477. 1862,3.?.

Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. [With an

Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.-XXVL] 1862, 4*. 6d.

Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortrieites. Pp. 1-286.
1863, 4*.

Part XXVIII. Tortrieites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561.
1863, 4*.

Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864, 4s.

Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864, 4.s'.

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864, 6s.

Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 1865,

5s.

Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865,

6*.

Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 1865,

5.S-. Qd.

Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [With

an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI.-XXXV.] 1866,
7*.

Nenropteroiis Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. : —
Part I. Phryganides— Perlides. Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 2s. 6d.
Part II. SialidaB— Nemopterides. Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853,

3*. 6d.
Part III. Termitidae— Ephemeridse. Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853,
1*. 6c?.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I.
Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. By John Obadiah Westwood,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1859, 4to. 3/.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattaria3 in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 239.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. o*. Qd.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.]
and Supplement to the Blattariae in the Collection of the British
Museum. Gryllidse. Blattarite. Locustidaj. By Francis
Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 224. [With an Alphabeticallndex.]
1869, Gvo, OS.

BlUTISll MUSEUM (NATURAI. HISTORY). 13

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria iu the
Collection of the British Museum. Bv Francis Walker,
F.L.S., (fee-
Part II. LocustidiB (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4.v. 6c?.
Part III. Locustidfe (continued). — Acrididre. Pp. 42o-604.

[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1S70, Svo. 4s.
Part IV. Acrididai (continued). Pp. 60.5-809. [With an

Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6.v.
Part Y. Tettigidse. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Blat-
tarins. — Supplement to the Calnlogue of Dermaptera
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geofirraphical Distribution
of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-8.50; 43 T 116. [With Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

Hemipterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Mu.seum. Bv W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. Part II. Pp.
369-590. Plates 12-15. ' 1852, 12mo. 4*.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
&c. 8vo. : —

Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5*.
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4.v.
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to
Parts I,, II., III., and a Summary of Geographical
Distribution of the Species mentioned.] 1868. 4.y. 6^/.
Partly. Pp.211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871. 6.v.

Part V. Pp. 202. 1872. .5.9.

Part VI. Pp. 210. 1873. 5s.

Part VII. Pp. 213. 1873. 6.v.

Part VIII. Pp. 220. 1873. 0*. Gd.

Ilomopterous Insects.
List of the Spechnens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of
th(( British Museum. B}' Francis Walker. Supplement. Pp.
ii., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, ]2mo. 4*-. 6r7.

VEEMES.

Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, con-
tained in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird.
Pp. IV., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in
whieh the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found ; and
an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the Collection of the
British Museum. By .J. E. Gray^ F.li.S., «&c. Pp. iv., 40.
2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. l.v. 6^/.

li LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF TIIK

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 51.
14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3*.
Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum
(Natural History) :—

Vol.1. The Genus Madrepora. By George Biook. Pp. xi.,
212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes and Explanation of the Plates.] 1893,
4to. 1/. 4*.
Vol. II. The Genus Turbinaria, the Genus Astrfeopora.
By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Pp. iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1896, 4to. 18*.

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S. , &c. Pp.
xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of British Hymeuoptera in the Collection of the British
Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidte and Apidaj.
By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi., 236. 11
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 6*.
Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymeuoptera, Formicidaj, and
Vespidse in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick
Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1858, l2mo. 6«.
A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin.,
P.R.C.L. Ed., Ll.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &c. Pp.365.
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1865, 8vo. 7s.
Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum
(Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202.
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 coloured). [With Table of Con-
tents, Tables of Disti'ibution, Alphabetical Index, Description
of the Plates, &c.] 1892, 8vo. 12*. 6d.
List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the
British Museum ; with Synonyma and References to figures.
12mo. : —

Part IV. Crustacea. By A. White. Pp. iv., 141. (With

an Index.) 1850, 2*. 6d.
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition.
Revised by H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv., 224.
1856, Is. 9d.
Part VI. Hymeuoptera. By F. Smith. Pp. 134. 1851,
2*.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL IlISTOilV). 15

List of the Specimens of British Animals — continued.

Part VII. Molluscii, Acephala, and Brachiopoda. ]iy Dr

J. E. Giav. Pp. iv., 1()7. ISol, 3a-. 6(1.
Part Vlll.' Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., IGl.

(With Index and List of Donors.) 1851, 3.s-. 6^/.
Part IX. Eggs of Britisli Birds. By George Bobort Gray.

Pp. 143. 1852, 2s. 6r/.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.

Pp. iv., 51. 1852, Is.
Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued.) By James F. Stephens.

Pp. iv., 54. 1852, 9t/.
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick

Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853, Is. id.
Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White.

Pp. iv., 16. 1853, Qd.
Part XV. Nomenclature, of Diptera, I. By Adam White.

Pp. iv., 42. 1853, Is.
Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton.

Pp. 199. [With an Index.] 1854, 3s.
Part XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, Etiplexo})tera, and

Orthoptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 17. 1855, Gd.

PLANTS.
A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain : being a Descriptive
Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the Briti.sh
Museum. By the Rev. James M. Crombie, M.A., F.L.S.,
F.G.S., &c. Part I. Pp. viii., 519: 74 Woodcuts. [With
Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.] 1894, 8vo.
16.S.

A Monograph of th(; Mycetozoa s being a Descriptive Catalogue
of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum. By
Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 224. 78 Plates and 51 Woodcuts.
[With Synopsis of Genera and List of Species, and Index.]
1894, 8vo. 15.y.

List of British Diatomacea; in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Rev, W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, 12mo. Is.

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :—

Part I. ('ontuining the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, Insec-
tivora, Carnivora, and Rodeiitia. Pp. xxx., 208. 33
Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphal>etical Indexes.]
1885, 8vo. OS.

Part II, Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artio-
dactyla. Pp. xxil., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. Gs.

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Peris-
sodac'tyla, Toxodontia, Coiidylarthrii, and Amblypoda. Pj).

16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THJC

Catalogue of the Fossil Mauimalia — continued.

xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and
Alphabetical Index of Genera -^ and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1886, Svo. 4s.

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probos-
cidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5«.

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Si-

renia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and

Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With

Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and

Species, including, Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural

History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368. 75

Woodcuts. [ With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of

Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. M.

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British

Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,

F.G.S. :—

Pai't I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauria.
Pp. xxviii.,309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sau-
ropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Syste-
matic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and
Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239.
53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889,
8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp.
xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species
to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. Qd.
Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474. 13
Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo. 21s.

Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holo-
cephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostraeodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo-
stomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii).
Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With
Alphabetical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and
Species.] 1891, 8vo. 21s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (XATURAL HISTORY). 17

Ciilalogue of the Fossil Fishes — contimiccL

Part III. Containii^g the Actino[)torygian Teleostomi of

the Orders CJiondrostci (conchuled), Protospondyli^

AetheospondijU, and Isosponchjli (in part). Pp. xlii., 544.

45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index^

and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1895, 8vo

21s.

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and

Eocene Mnllusca in the British Museum (Natural History),

with references to the type-specimens from similar horizons

contained in other collections belonging to the Geological

Department of the Museum. By Richard BuUen Newton,

F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of Families and Genera,

Bibliograi)]iy, Correlation-table, Appendix, and Alphabetical

Index.] 1891, Bvo. Qs,

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratida^, Endoceratidse, Actino-
ceratida^, Goniphoceratidaj, Ascoceratidoe, Poterioceratid<e,
Cyrtoceratidfc, and Supplement, Pp. xxxi., 344. 51
"Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1888, 8vo. 10*. 6c/.

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder Naufci«
loidea, consisting of the families Lituitida>, Trochoceratida?,
Nautilida?, and Supplement. Pp. xx\-iii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index
of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 15*.

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, "with their Synonyms and
(he Eange in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry
AVoodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5*.

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Departmeut of the
British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the
morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision
of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the
Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History),
and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc,, F.R.S., F.L.S. (of Eton
College). [With Preface by Dr. H. Woodward. Table of
Contents, General Index, Explanations of the Plates, etc.] Pp.
XV., 322. 20 Plates. 1886, 4 to. 25*.

Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Departmeui of
the British jNIuseum (Natural History). With descriptions of
new and little known species. By George Jennings Hinde,
Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular
List of Species, arranged in Zoological and Stnitigraphical
sequence, and an Alphabetical Intlcx.] 1883, 4to. \L io*.

o 92057.

li

18 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones. F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 5*.
Catalogue of the Palgeozoic Plants in the Department of Geology
and PaLneoutology, British Museum (Natural History). By-
Robert Kidstou, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works
quoted, and an Index.] 1886, Svo. 5*.
Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology,
British Museum (Natural History). The Wealden Flora.
By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer in
Botany, Cambridge : —

Part I. Thallophyta — Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179: 17
Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Preface by Dr. Woodward,
Alphabetical Index of Genera, Species, &c., Explanations
of the Plates, &c.] 1894, 8vo. lOs.
Part II. Gymnospermae. Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts and
20 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the
Plates, &c.] 1895, 8vo. 15*.

GUIDE-BOOKS.

{To be obtained only at the JSCuseinn.)

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By W. H. Flower.] With 2
Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 80.
1895, Svo. 3rf.

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological,
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition. Pp.126.
57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1894, Svo. 6^.

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural Histoi-y). [By A.
Giinther.] 3rd Edition. Pp. iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1
Plan. Index. 1893, Svo. Qd.

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinoder-
mata, Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition.
Pp. iv., 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, Svo. Ad.

A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural
History). Seventh Edition. [By Henry Woodward.] Pp. xii.,
103. 116 Woodcuts. [With List of Illustrations, Table of
Stratified Rocks, and Index.] 1896, Svo. Qd.

A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Geology and Pala3ontology in the Britisli Museum (Natural
History). [By Henry Woodward.] Pp. xiv., 129 : 165 Wood-
cuts. [With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified Rocks,
«nd Index.] 1896, Svo. (Jd.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19

Guiile to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Department of
Botany, British MuscMun (Natural History). By AVorthington
G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts. With Table of
Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. 4J.

Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in tho Department of
Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Lister,
F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 Woodcuts. Tndex. 1895, 8vo. 3d.

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp 32. Plan. 1895, Svo. Icf.

The Student's Indix to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum
(Natural History). [New Edition.] Pp. :«. With a Plan of
the Mineral Gallery. 1895, Bvo. 2(L

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History),
By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 123. With numerous
Diagrams, a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index.
1895, Bvo. 6d.

An Introduction to the Study of Kocks. By L. Fletcher, M.A.,
F.K.S. Pp. 118. [With plan of the Mineral Gallery, table
of Contents, and Index.] 189G, 8vo. 6d.

A.n Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.]
Pp. 94. [With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to
the Meteorites represented in the Collection.] 1894, 8vo. 6d.

British Museum

(Natural History),
Cromwell Eoad,
London, S.W.

June 1st, 1890,

W. H. FLOWER,

Director.